[Power of attorney appointing] William H. Thomas, 1850 Nov. 2, Qualla Town [i.e., Quallatown], North Carolina / [signed by] Cherokees of Paint [Town], Wolf [Town and] Bird Town

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Copy of a Power of attorney Qualla. Bird & Wolf Town.

[ Note: A postage stamp appears at the top of the page.; INDIAN CENTENNIAL
CHEROKEE
CHICKASAW
CHOCTAW
MUSCOGEE
SEMINOLE
THE FIVE CIVILIZED INDIAN TRIBES OF OKLAHOMA

UNITED STATES POSTAGE
3¢ ]

W. H. T. [William H. Thomas] 3





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Know all men by these presents [presence] that whereas the Cherokee Indians of Qualla Town North Carolina being averse to removal west employed William H. Thomas to Obtain for them permission to remain in North Carolina and to become citizens of the State of North Carolina, and in order to secure a permanent home employed him to purchase for them a boundary of land sufficient for themselves and descendants, also to aid them in furnishing them with tools to Cultivate their lands and the destitute with clothing &c. [et cetera] And as a means of remunerating said Thomas he was [deleted text: employed ] [added text (appears to be different ink): empowered ] to prosecute our claims against the United States and out of the many recovered compensate himself and other attorneys for expenses incurred and labor performed in the prosecution of said claims. Under this agreement said Thomas obtained for us [added text (appears to be different ink): permission ] to remain and become citizens. And from
1835 continued to prosecute our claims. Which owing to the opposition of the Government required said Thomas to spend about five years in Washington City. In
1846, he secured provision to be inserted in the Cherokee Treaty Securing to the North Carolina Cherokees their [added text: pro ] portion of the per capita without removal west. And said Thomas and his attorneys subsequently procured the passage of the act of
July 29, 1848 in favor of the North Carolina Cherokees, by which it was provided that the sum of $53.33 should be set apart in the Treasury of the United States bearing an interest of six percent, amounting to three dollars ninetee [ninety] cents to be paid annually to each cherokee that remained in North Carolina: Also that back interest from the
23rd of May 1836, to the date of the Act, amounting to thirty eight dollars ninety eight cents should be paid to each. After the passage of the law said Thomas had its provisions read and explained to us, and it was agreed that the back interest should be applied to the discharge of the debts created for our lands and to the purchase of more land. And already said Thomas has, as appears by the deeds &c. [et cetera], purchased for us near fifty thousand acres. And in order to comply with our part of the contract and secure our homes, said Thomas is authorized to receive and receipt for us the [unclear text: averages ] of [unclear text: interest ] and to us and our families under said act for back interest and apply it after discharging the attorneys fees of ten percent, to the purchases aforementioned. And we assign it in trust to said Thomas for that purpose.
We authorize said Thomas to receive and receipt for the interest that has and does accrue under Said act to be paid to the individuals entitled thereto to be used by them as they may deem useful to them. We also authorize said Thomas to prosecute the remainder of our claims against the United States, and to endeavor to obtain our share of the per capita as provided for under the Treaty of
1846, of which we are informed John Ross and his attorneys are endeavoring to deprive us. And we authorize him to prosecute our claims for property the United States deprived us of in
1838, also for reservations granted to is under the treaty of
1819. The two latter claims if recovered to be for the use of the individuals [unclear text: en ] [document folded ] [unclear text: lled ] thereto except the attorneys fees of ten percent. The remainder of monies referred to, to be used by said Thomas in the purchase of land as aforementioned. And we authorize him to employ one or more attorneys under him to aid in the prosecution of said claims. And hereby covenant and agree with said Thomas, that this power of attorney shall be irrevocable until the said business is complete We further believe that the foregoing is the only policy that if carried out can secure us a permanent home in our native country. In testimony whereof we hand hereunto set our hands and seals.

November the second one thousand eight hundred and fifty. The undersigned belong to Paint Wolf and Deer Towns situated in the county of Haywood NC [North Carolina]
[unclear text: (Interlined "and our families. ]
[ Note: A Cherokee word appears under Charles Hicks' name in the signature list below. ]
Names
No 173.
[Signed] Flying squirrell Chief of Paint town his X mark
15
[Signed] Astoogato gih his X mark
16
[Signed] Aroneach his X mark
20
[Signed] Adalegadeah or Treasurer his X mark
23
[Signed] Ad sell e toskee his X mark
26
[Signed] Archee his X mark
27
[Signed] John Alrarchee his X mark
31
[Signed] Amasooyeh his X mark
32
[Signed] Amah chunnih or Back water his X mark
36
[Signed] Ahquatugih his X mark
42
[Signed] Tanta yeh formerly wife of Jackson Blythe he has left her and taken up with a catawba, her X mark

[Signed] Wah wahsetah his X mark
144
[Signed] Chichulateh his X mark
190
[Signed] Dobson Iyentugas' son his X mark
191
[Signed] Benjamin his X mark
151
[Signed] John Davidson his X mark

[Signed] Teyaletoih his X mark
154
[Signed] Isaac Davis his X mark
356
[Signed] Skillih Oh stee or Little Witch his X mark
159
[Signed] Enola or Black Fox his X mark
[document folded] his X mark
163
[Signed] Eya nu lah her X mark
165
[Signed] E sutte heh his X mark

[Signed] Ugetutlahooyuh or Jesse Quill his X mark
272
[Signed] Narchah at present lives in Bird Town his X mark
283
[Signed] Seel Kinnih widow of Jim Otter at present wife of Little Witch his X mark
284
[Signed] OO teh ne too teh or Sail Sticking out, his X mark
288
[Signed] Will Otter or Chunoulinka his X mark
290
[Signed] Ool se coh ga tih son of Colecha who was burnt his X mark
292
[Signed] One lo see at present lives on Deep Creek his X mark
294
[Signed] Lalla hua widow of Oolanehta her X mark
295
[Signed] OOh Wat tee daughter of 57 her X mark
296
[Signed] Ahleaneh, her X mark
297
[Signed] Oolstooeh or leaves his X mark
304
[Signed] Oola yohih his X mark
307
[Signed] Ow we Cattaugih his X mark
317
[Signed] Quaitsey mother of no 159 lives with Enola her X mark
Attest
[Signed] John [unclear text: J ] Gibson JP
[Signed] Russell Welch
[Signed] [unclear text: S ] .P. Sherrill
[Signed] Charles Hicks his X mark alias Hornbuckle

Interpreter
[Signed] Jefferson Hornbuckle his X mark
no.299.
[Signed] Oochellah chief of Wolf Town his X mark
no 44.
[Signed] Charley Cowuwheelah his X mark
no 46.
[Signed] Culsuttahee his X mark
no 47.
[Signed] Alakih her X mark
no 48.
[Signed] Cloud or Zooligileh his X mark
no 55.
[Signed] Old Nancy her X mark
no 57.
[Signed] Chees co yeh or Bug his X mark
no 59.
[Signed] Sally daughter of Bug her X mark
no 60
[Signed] Choo hoola or Fox his X mark
no 415
[Signed] Te tala to gih his X mark
no 147
[Signed] Cuming Deer his X mark
no 435
[Signed] Tenella whistah his X mark
no 71
[Signed] OOnlla his X mark
no 170
[Signed] Nelly his X mark
no 177
[Signed] Fodder or Saluwahyah her X mark
180
[Signed] Jefferson Hornbuckle his X mark
183
[Signed] Anclih or Harry his X mark
185
[Signed] Howesteekee or Little Deer his X mark
188
[Signed] Iyantoogu or Bathing in the water his X mark
193
[Signed] Alech Johnson his X mark
195
[Signed] Inoquih his X mark
198
[Signed] Coming Deer son of no 195 his X mark
201
[Signed] Johnson his X mark
274
[Signed] Nedda or Edward his X mark
322
[Signed] Wilson Reed 1/2 breed his X mark
325
[Signed] Chiya hala or Cheyelaih orphan her X mark
328
[Signed] Salolaneeta or Young Squirrel his X mark
334
[Signed] Kaloneeska Standing Wolf daughter her X mark

[Signed] [illegible text] Arches son his X mark
335 Wife
[Signed] Culstiah Standing Wolf's daughter her X mark
336,
[Signed] OOlscosity Standing Wolf's daughter her X mark
363
[Signed] Sta hee tih his X mark
370
[Signed] Sul la le sih or Persimmon Carrier his X mark
259
[Signed] Tuagga his X mark
243
[Signed] Cullaniska his X mark
485
[Signed] Yona chah wo yuh or Bear Meat his X mark
475
[Signed] Wilson Wolf wife Se ya nih his X mark

[Signed] Lowen lives on the head of Soco his X mark
203
[Signed] Johnson his X mark
206
[Signed] Annah her mark

[Signed] Chewahcha cah his X mark

[Signed] Oosta loftih Atyeela or [illegible text] his X mark
587
[Signed] Cutigeeska Cutigeeskih his X mark
590
[Signed] Anakih daughter of Cutigeeska her X mark
367
[Signed] Saunders 1/2 blood Cherokee his X mark

[Signed] Will noteh Old man his X mark
597
[Signed] Tuhawaltiska Cotullas son his X mark

[Signed] sally worms daughter her X mark

[Signed] Cunnoskeeska or stealer his X mark

[Signed] Jim Wesser son his X mark

[Signed] Nanih her X mark

[Signed] Toonih sister of Little witch Formerly wife of Tecolageeska but he left her and went to [document folded] and got another wife. her X mark

[Signed] Che na linkih Tiya hahs daughter her X mark
no 311
[Signed] OOla he yet teh his X mark
312
[Signed] Yakinnih his X mark
332
[Signed] Standing Wolf his X mark
339
[Signed] Salola his X mark
66
[Signed] Con na satah
68
[Signed] Con no quo ta tis ka or Will geeska his X mark
no 79.
[Signed] Cho yahik ah his X mark
no 397
[Signed] John Tennegeesih his X mark
no 87
[Signed] Charley ( [unclear text: a preacher ] ) his X mark
no 90
[Signed] Chochuchakah his X mark
no 92
[Signed] Cheesquah or Bear his X mark
no 97
[Signed] Che a kah neeska or Otter lifter his X mark
no 102
[Signed] Chigasuttahee or Chickasaw Killer now lives in Bird Town his X mark
no 108
[Signed] Cun ono soskee his X mark
[deleted text: 332 ] [added text: 479 ]
[Signed] Too nih yeh his X mark
226
[Signed] Koloosta or the axe his X mark
228
[Signed] Kalonees teeska his X mark
230
[Signed] Ka na se na his X mark
233
[Signed] Katy mother of no 416 his X mark
237
[Signed] [unclear text: Wakey ] Widow her X mark
279
[Signed] Otter or Oosqualleyuih his X mark
389
[Signed] [unclear text: Tahtlentah ] his X mark
384
[Signed] Toyeneeseh his X mark
507
[Signed] Aroneach formerly put down in Bird Town his X mark
467
[Signed] Wahahoo his X mark
421
[Signed] Te kin neh his X mark
354
[Signed] Tenostah her X mark
454
[Signed] [unclear text: Hally ] [unclear text: his ] X mark
459
[Signed] Joe Welch Nickojacks son his X mark
482
[Signed] [unclear text: Wah ye ka keeskih ] his X mark
373
[Signed] [unclear text: Nickey ] his X mark
294
[Signed] Salla neh widow of 293 her X mark
337
[Signed] [unclear text: Settawnih ] Standing Wolfs daughter her X mark
405
[Signed] Takey her X mark

[Signed] [unclear text: Catolstuh ] formerly wife of Ooh lah notuh but he has left her, her X mark

[Signed] [unclear text: Nox e sih ] or Star Will geeskas son his X mark

[Signed] Yona woltla his

[Signed] Izaa nih or Swimmer Foxes son his X mark
421
[Signed] Tekinnih Sowiskas son his X mark
540
[Signed] Chiala or Weaver his X mark

[Signed] Will preacher formerly of Bird Town [unclear text: Sowiskas ] son his X mark

[Signed] Quat sih John Ooh sigs widow her X mark
508
[Signed] Ula he tes ka Aroneaches daughter his X mark

[Signed] Izu quih John Oohsigs daughter her X mark
604
[Signed] Joe Jim Cains son of Bird Town, his X mark

[Signed] Nancy Chowcahs son her X mark

[Signed] John Te uh Will Otters son his X mark
no 66
[Signed] Conna sah tah his X mark
no 456,
[Signed] Wilson his X mark
no 409
[Signed] Toyeh or Beaver his X mark
no 170
[Signed] Nelley formerly the wife of No 169, but he has left her and taken another woma [woman] to Georgia her X mark
No 29,
[Signed] John alarchee or Alargih his X mark

[Signed] Ah na wakih wife of Chucho latah her X mark


Treasy: [Treasury] Department Aud: [Auditor's] Office
30 May 1851
I Certify the above & foregoing to be a true copy of the original on file in this Office --
[Signed] [unclear text: Wm. Mechlin ] c.c.
425
[Signed] Tetunneeskih his X mark
210
[Signed] Jinny her X mark
112
[Signed] Cu nol laigeh her X mark
no 174
[Signed] Jinny Rabit his X mark
115
[Signed] Chu cholateh his X mark
388
[Signed] Syateh his X mark
117
[Signed] Culto quatageh his X mark
119
[Signed] Clonteesta or Pheasant his X mark
122
[Signed] Cumutsewyah his X mark
137
[Signed] Corkesham his X mark
141
[Signed] Chu la oh eh Drowning Bear's son his X mark
142
[Signed] Calhoun Sowneh's son his X mark
368
[Signed] Dinah formerly wife of 369. They have separated her X mark

[Signed] Catolstah formerly wife of Cotaskih who shot himself her X mark
239
[Signed] Little Dog or Ketlosteh no mark

[Signed] Osekilla his X mark
241
[Signed] Little John his X mark
243
[Signed] Kaloneeskih or ka la neesk his X mark
249
[Signed] Lew yeh son of Nickojack his X mark
251
[Signed] Tookih Long Wills Wife her X mark
257
[Signed] Nancy her X mark
[document folded]
262
[Signed] Nawatteh or Grist his X mark
267
[Signed] Nickojack his X mark
269
[Signed] Tah he cooh his X mark
271
[Signed] Nakey widow his X mark
471
[Signed] Wah ye cageeskih his X mark
419
[Signed] Te yul sena his X mark
369
[Signed] Sammy his X mark
118
[Signed] Cuttle so yeh her husband has left her, her X mark
402
[Signed] Te yonahalah his X mark
662
[Signed] Ooh suh yahta formerly in another town his X mark
443
[Signed] To clistah or ta lo ne ga his X mark
452
[Signed] Ula gou la or Whipper Will his X mark

[Signed] Cowahe loska Tetonneeskas son lives with Tiyulsinih his X mark
461
[Signed] OOla no ta or Will noteh his X mark
383
[Signed] Takey lives with Sa lo la ne ta her X mark

[Signed] Te ya nih formerly one of Suagas wives but has left him. her X mark
492
[Signed] Big Bear his X mark
491
[Signed] Yonawoltla or Sitting Bear his X mark

[Signed] Yah cha tlennuh Cutigeeskas son his X mark

[Signed] Tesoskih Chewahchacas son his X mark

[Signed] Ya les ceskih son of sah lah teh his X mark

[Signed] Ooh he he yeltih his X mark

[Signed] Nooh wah tenneh or Quen che yenana his X mark

[Signed] Newetowih an old man of Bird Town his X mark

[Signed] Tanteesta or Pheasant of Wolf Town his X mark
50
[Signed] Solquinncy his X mark
205
[Signed] Celia his X mark
206
[Signed] Annah her X mark
207
[Signed] Nancy her X mark
278
[Signed] Jeh Keh his X mark
210
[Signed] Jinney
211
[Signed] John Little Johns son his X mark
213
[Signed] Ihay lekih his X mark