Georgia criminal justice data 1988

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Metadata
Text

Collection:: Georgia Government Publications
Title:: Georgia criminal justice data 1988
Creator:: Georgia. Bureau of Investigation. Crime Information Center
Contributor to Resource:: Georgia. Bureau of Investigation. Crime Information Center
Publisher:: Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia. Bureau of Investigation. Crime Information Center
Date of Original:: 1989-07
Subject:: Georgia
Location:: United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
Medium:: publications (documents)
Type:: Text
Format:: application/pdf
External Identifiers:: Call Number GA I675.C7 S1 C7 1988
Metadata URL:: https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bi675-pc7-bs1-bc7-b1988
Digital Object URL:: https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bi675-pc7-bs1-bc7-b1988
Language:: eng
Holding Institution:: University of Georgia. Map and Government Information Library
Rights:

GEORGIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE DATA
1988
Published By The Georgia Bureau of Investigation July 1989

Joe Frank Harris
GOVERNOR

STATE OF GEORGIA
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR ATLANTA 30334

My Fellow Georgians:
Either directly or indirectly, each of us will a t one time or another feel the impact of crime. The challenge presented by this fact requires the participation and cooperation of all components of the criminal justice system working as allies t o fulfill the task of protecting the citizens of Georgia.
The preparation and dissemination of timely, accurate criminal justice data which clearly portrays the operations of Georgia's entire system of justice a r e vital t o this effort. This information can be used by the Governor, the General Assembly, local governments, the various components of the criminal justice system and private organizations in making crucial decisions regarding the resources, methods and responses to counter crime. Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1988 provides a basis for more knowledgeable decisions, thus a more positive impact can be made on the operation of the criminal justice system and on reducing crime.
With kindest regards, I remain

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................. 1.

SectionI Law E n f o m e n t Introduction.Law

Enforcement

.........................................................................................................................

SummaryACorrfirmeCsertsism......e......i..n......G......e....o....r....g....i..a................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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APrrorfeisltesoFfNCoNrorinomC-nIre-nisImdnAedexgesax.C.i.nC.r.is.rm.ti.m.C.e..she...si..l....d....r..e....n............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Profile Profile

ooPffrINonfodinlee-xIonAfdJreruxevsAetnsrirleesAtsr.r..e..s.t..s.....I..n..d..e..x...O...f.f..e..n..s.e..s...................................................................................................................................................................................

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Clearances Profile

of

Index

Crime

Clearances........................................................................................................

County CPrriomfielePorof fNiloesn.-.I.n..d...e.x....C..r..i.m...e...C...l.e..a..r..a..n..c..e..s.................................................................................................

Law EnfForucllemTiemnetEEmmppllooyyeeeess.............................................................................................................................. Officers Killed and Assaulted ...............................................................................................................

Traffic

Enforcement Traffid Fatalities

......................................................................................................................................

Georgia Bureau of Investigation..........................................................................................................................

Section I1 Courts Introduction

.Courts.............................................................................................................................................

Georgia's Georgia's Georgia's

SSPutraoptbeearCitoeorCuCrotousu.r.r.t.st.s................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Georgia's Juvenile Courts .....................................................................................................................................

Georgia's Georgia's Georgia's

MSCuoapugrrietsmotrfaeAtCepoCpuoeruatrl.st..s.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Section IIP1n1rtiCrsooodnrruePccrttoiioofninles..C...o..r..r.e..c..t.i.o..n...s..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11....34....90..

Inmate PSACroegrnifemit.leeRenscaCeceoL.meSnmegxit.th.t.e....d.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11.1...444...342.....

Probationer Profile
ACgriem. eRsaCceo.mSmexi.t.t.e..d......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

. 149.
151

First Offender Status .............................................................................................................................. 153.

ScctionIPWnrtorRfoidlveudocaftiaPosandr.dPPoaanrrsddaoennsdsPaanrdoPleasrDolaetsa....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 115577..
SedionV~tSfrQmSeniorOfecials
section VI Appendix

TABLES

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METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND NON-METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS.

1988 ..............................................................................

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PROFILE OFPAROLE BOARD ACTIVITY, 1984-1988............................................................................

FIGURES

REPORTED REPORTED

INCIDENTSOF CRIME .INDEX, NON.INDEX, ARRESTS FOR CRIMES .INDEX, NON.INDEX,

TTOOTTAALL,,11998844--11998888......................................................

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LARCENY. LARCENY.

PCLRAIMCEINOAFLOACCCTUIVRIRTYEN. 1C98E8. .1..9.8..8...........................................................................................................................................................................................

MOTOR MOTOR

VEHICLE VEHICLE

THEFT. THEIT.

PFLIVAECYEEOAFROTCRCEUNRDR. E1N98C4-E1.918988.8..............................................................................................................................

ARSON. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1984-1988......................................................................................................

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VIOLENT. PROPERTY AND TOTAL INDEX CRIME RATE. FIVE YEAR TREND.

1984-1988...........................................................................

VIOLENT. PROPERTY AND TOTAL

INDEX CRIMES. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1984-1988

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NON-INDEXCRIMEARRESTS BY AGE. 1984..........................................................................................

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PROBATION PROBATION

POPULATION POPULATION

BY BY

RCARICMEEATNYDPESE. 1X9.8189..8..8....................................................................................................................................................

INTRODUCTION
Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1988 is published by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. This publication represents the cooperation of many agencies and organizations within state government, as it is a compilation of information from multiple segments of Georgia's criminal justice system.
The reporting and analysis of the occurrence of specific crimes and subsequent arrests is the point of entrance for an individual into Georgia's criminal justice system. Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1988 is designed to reflect the totality of the system. It proposes to contribute to the basic understanding and knowledge of just what that system includes and what it does.
This publication provides a basic description of the functions of the criminal justice system, and portrays statistically through graphs, charts, and tables essential work load data. As more extensive and accurate reporting systems are developed, this publication will continue toward a pore comprehensive effort, capable of tracking individuals through the entirejustice systemand communicatinga clear picture of the system's collective efforts to control crime.

This publication is organized into four divisions: law enforcement, the courts, corrections, and pardons and paroles. The information is organized in a manner consistent with the movement of an offender through the criminal justice system. Analyses of data are made solely from data collected from each major component of the system and are confined to that component. In some instances, the amount of data is rather voluminous; in others it is minimal.
Each section of this publicationbegins with a brief description of the overall structure of a component, followed by the method by which its relevant data are collected and processed. Following this overview is a presentation of the compiled data and, where appropriate, an analysis of that data. Specific methodologies and formulas used in analyses are contained in the appendix. The concluding section contains statements of officials representing each major component, addressing critical topics relevant to Georgia's criminal justice system.

I LAW ENFORCEMENT

INTRODUCTION
The law enforcement powers of the State of Georgia are a function of the Executivebranch of government.In order to exerciseenforcementpowers, the Stategrants the power of arrest to some 740 active law enforcement agencies which can be grouped into seven major categories: (1) state agencies, (2) municipal agencies, (3) county police agencies, (4) county sheriff' departments, (5) campus agencies, (6) state authorities' and institutions' agencies, and (7) other agencies. These agencies employ 17,196 certified officers.
The majority of law enforcementfunctions are delegated to the respective counties and municipalities by the State. Most law enforcement work is done at the local level; the bulk of money allocated, the majority of personnel employed, and the greatest portion of work load measures are generated locally. The state retains certain specialized responsibilities because a great deal of variation exists between counties and municipalities in the provision of police services, and because the type of services provided change over time.
State Law Enforcement Agencies
The primary roles of state level law enforcement agencies are to provide technical assistance to local agencies and to provide services in highly specialized operational areas. Examples of these services are: investigative assistance, laboratory analysis of physical evidence through the Division of Forensic Sciences, training, management consulting, and the collection and analyses of crime data and criminalhistory informationthrough the Georgia CrimeInformation Center.
In addition, the state engages in operational law enforcement functions in specialized areas. Workload measures generated by the State's six major law enforcement agencies, employing 1,837 officers with arrest powers, are included with the data in this report. Those state agenciesare:
1.The Georgia State Patrol, whose primary legal responsibility is traffic enforcement and highway safety. Its duties are performed by830 certified officers assigned to 48 Patrol Posts located throughout Georgia. In addition to traffic enforcement the Georgia State Patrol has initiated a highly successful program to "look beyond the ticket" which has resulted in numerous arrests for narcotics trafficking and other felony violations.
2. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation whose primary focus is on general investigations and narcotics enforcement. Its duties are performed by 242 certified special agents and 48 narcoticsagents. There are 13regional offices and four regional drug enforcement offices located throughout Georgia and various special units working out of headquarters. Additionally, the G.B.I. operates the Division of ForensicSciences,5branch laboratoriesand the Georgia Crime Information Center.
3. The Department of Natural Resources, Game and Fish Division's Law Enforcement Unit whose primary focus is on the enforcement of all laws relating to game and fish, boating, and water safety regulation. Its duties are performedby 406 certified conservationrangers assigned to the 159 counties in Georgia.

4. The Department of Revenue, Alcohol, Tobacco Tax Unit whose primary focus is on the enforcement of laws pertaining to the payment of any tax duties due the Department. The Unit shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Georgia Bureau of Investigationfor the statewideenforcementof all laws related to the manufacture, sale, transportation, and possession of beverage alcohol and tobacco. Its duties are performed by 30 certified law enforcement agents.
5. The Investigation Division, State Examining Boards, and the Securities Investigation Unit, Secretary of State, whose primary focusis on the investigationof misdemeanor and felony violations of laws governing the licensing of certain professions (i.e., doctors, pharmacists, private detectives, etc.), verificationand enforcementof provisionsof the State Elections Code and the enforcement of securities regulation laws. Its duties are performed by 32 certified investigators based in Atlanta.
6. The Permits and Enforcement Division, Department of Transportation whose primary focus is on the enforcement of regulations governing the size and weight of vehicles operatingon public roads, the enforcement of licensingand fuel tax registration requirements, and the enforcement of all state laws on properties owned or controlled by the Department of Transportation. Its duties are performed by 297 certified officerslocated in state highway districts.
In addition to the law enforcement agencies identified above, the state maintains a variety of other specialized agencies which are vested with arrest powers. These agencies are included in one of the other categories enumerated below (e.g., campus police, authority police, Georgia Drugs and Narcotics Agency, State Fire Marshal, Farmer's Market Police, etc.).
Local Law Enforcement Agencies
The primary role of local law enforcement departments is to provide police service to the citizens of an agency's geographically defined jurisdiction. These services are provided by one or more of the three types of local agencies: municipal police departments, county police departments, and county sheriffs' departments. In Georgia there are539locallaw enforcementagencieswhich employ14,009 certified officers with arrest powers.
1. Municipal Police Departments - Municipal police
departments derive law enforcement powers through delegation from the Stateunder the constitutionalprinciple of "home rule", or local autonomy. These agencies are generally responsible for the enforcement of all state criminal laws, traffic laws, and municipal ordinances. hfunicipal police departments employ more law enforcement officers than any other type of agency. Presently, 365 municipalitiesfund police departments which employ 7,233 certified officers.These departments range in sizefrom 1to 1,405officerswith the majority having25 or fewer sworn officers.
2. County Sheriffs' Departments - The office of Sheriff in Georgia is considered to be both a constitutionaland county office. Each sheriff derives his law enforcement powers from laws enacted by the General Assembly in accordance with the 1983 Constitution of the State of Georgia. Sworn
5

deputies derive arrest powers from the sheriff. Each of Georgia's 159counties has a sheriff whose principal duties involve serving as: (1)the chief law enforcement officer of
the county, (2) an officer of the county courts, and (3) the officialjailer of the county. Georgia sheriffs' departments employ 4,802 certi6ed officers authorized to enforce state criminallawsandcountyordinanceswhen authorizedby the county commission or local acts of the General Assembly. Inthe 15countiescontainkgcountypolice departments,the sheriffs department tends to focus on the duties of jail operations and serviceto the courts.
- 3. County Police Departments County police agencies
derive law enforcement powers under the constitutional principle of "homerulewand acts of the countycommission. Theyare generallyempowered to enforce allState criminal laws, t r d c lawsand countyordinances.There are currently 15county police departmentsin the State which employ a total of &974certified officers.
Campus Law Enforcement Agencies
Educational institutions within the State of Georgia have
the authority to establish law enforcement agencies with powers similar to those of other state and local law enforcement agencies. These agencies are grouped as:
1.Stateoperatedcollegesand universities,operatingunder the authority of the Board of Regents, employ police officers and other security personnel with arrest powers for criminal and traffic violations committed upon property under the jurisdiction of the Board of Regents and upon
public or private property within 500 yards of property
under the jurisdiction of the Board. 2. Privatecollegesand universitiesoperateunder the police powersof theStateBoardof Education.Theyemploypolice officers who have the power of arrest for state criminal and traffic violations committed on the grounds or buildings of the particular educational facility and upon any public or
private property within 500 yards of the facility.
There are currently 37 campus police agencies within the State which employ a total of 529 certified police officers.
State Authorities' and Institutions' Law Enforcement Agencies
Various state statutes creating specific authorities (i.e., Stone Mountain Authority, Lake Lanier Islands Authority, Georgia Ports Authority, MARTA, etc.) and those statutes whichgovern certain types of institutions (i.e., Central State Hospital, Youth Development Centers, etc.) empower some of these agencies to employ police officers. These officers are empowered to enforce state criminal and traffic laws on the property of the institution or the authority's jurisdiction. There are currently21police agenciesin Georgiaunder thiscategory.Theseagenciesemploya total of 437 certified police officers.
There are an additional5,049 certifiedcorrectionalofficers who work in institutional settings, 909 certified probation officers, and 301 certified parole officers. These officers round out the population of Georgia's certified peace officers.These employeeshave not been included in the total number of police officers because they are included within the Corrections section of this publication.

Other Law Enforcement Agencies
Various independent statutes within the Official Code of Georgia grant degreesof arrestpower to certainemployees of state,local, andprivateagencies,which donot lend themselves to easy categorization.These employeesrange from county marshals to court officers, to investigators employed by district attorneys and solicitors, to railroad police officers, and others. There are currently 60 such agencies which employ 529 certified officers.
Law Enforcement, Crime Data Reporting, Collection and Interpretation
Georgia's crime reporting system is derived from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Two types of crime data are collected from Georgia's law enforcement agencies utilizing standardized definitionsand procedures. The first type of data collected represent offenses which include counts for the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft,motor vehicle theft, and arson. The first four offenses are violent crimes or crimes against persons; the remaining four are property crimes. Because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported, these crimes are thought of as an index of the crime problem. Consequently, these offenses are often referred to as Index crimes. Counts for less serious crimes, often referred to as Non-Index crimes, are also collected and analyzed.
The law enforcement data in this publication are provided from two sources, the Georgia Crime Information Center and the Georgia Department of Public Safety. The primary responsibility for collecting and reporting data relating to criminal violations, traffic accidents and traffic violations falls upon the agency in whose jurisdiction the violations occur. A myriad of 740 law enforcement agencies collect andreport datatothetwostateagenciesresponsiblefor collating and analyzing this information. This information is compiled and analyzed in publications such as Georgia Criminal Justice Data, as well as in specific reports used for policy decisions and research activities.
TheGeorgia crimestatisticsprovided in thispublication are derivedfrom actualreports submittedto the Georgia Crime Information Center by law enforcementagencies statewide. TheFBI provides statisticaldata on criminalactivitynationwide. Those tables comparing criminal activity in Georgia with that of the South and the Nation use FBI statisticaldata for comparisons.
State law requires all criminal justice agencies to submit to the Georgia Crime Information Center information concerning crimes reported by the public and crimes otherwise processed by these agencies. Law enforcement agencies must also submit fingerprints and other identifyingdata on persons arrested within their jurisdictions. These reports are collected on forms or in a format prescribed by the Georgia Crime Information Center. The validity of this information is dependent upon the original sources of the information --the law enforcement agencies located throughout the state.

State law also requires the submission of certain types of data on traffic accidents and traffic law violations to the Department of PublicSafety.All data concerningtraffic accidents and violations contained in this report were obtained from the Department of Public Safety or the federal agencies to which it reports.
Crime Data Interpretation
Severalprecautionsininterpretingcrimedata shouldbe observed. First, it is well established that many more crimes occur than are reported. Thus, depending on the type of crime and type of victim, statistics based on the number of crimes reported to law enforcement agencies may underestimate the number of crimes that actually take place. Because the size and variation of this "hiddenfigure of crime" is not known, caution should be exercised in assuming that changes in crime trends reflect changes in criminal behavior.
Second, these reports of crime are submitted by the local and state agencies to the Georgia Crime Information Center. The reports are edited and screened for inclusion in the Uniform Crime Reporting statistics. The editing which standardizesthereportsaccordingto UniformCrime Reporting specifications will sometimes result in variance between figures maintained in the Georgia Crime Information Center's statistical file and those maintained by the state or local agency.
Third,variance occursbetween the Georgia crime Information Center's figures and those released by the FBI. The Georgia Crime Information Center does not include estimates for incidents or arrests that occur but are not reported.Such estimates are included in the FBI's Crime in theUnited States.Again, changesin thenumber of reported incidents and arrests may not necessarily reflect the actual level of change in law enforcement activity. Also, there is evidence that changes in the actual number of crimes committed normally coincide with changes in population demographics. Accordingly, historical comparisons of the number of crimes reported may be misleading if the accompanying demographic changes are not considered. The same is true for inter-jurisdictional comparisons; it is expected that communities with dierent populations will

have different crime problems. The use of crime rates in making comparisons m b i m k these problems. Readers are cautionedthat crime rates cited are reliable indications of crimeonlyto the extent that population estimatesare accurate, that crimes are reported by victims, and the Uniform Crime Reports are submitted to the Georgia Crime Information Center by law enforcement agencies.
Due to its uniformity and comprehensiveness, the State's crime statistics data base is the best available source when describing Georgia's crime problem over time and in making tentative comparisons of Georgia's data with data compiled in other states with comparable demographics.
SUMMARY OF CRIME IN GEORGIA
Crimes
In 1988,397,129Indexand 367,991Non-Index offenseswere reportedby Georgialawenforcement agencies. Table1and Figure 1indicate the trends in both Index, Non-Index and combined offenses from 1984-1988. While Index offenses have increased in each of the last four years, the largest percentage increase (10.7%) occurred in 1988when reported offensesjumped by38,287 over 1987.Otheryearlyincreases have averaged 10.3%. Non-Indexoffensesshowa steadyincreaseexceptfor 1986which islowbecause DUI offensetotals are unavailable for that year. However, the 1988total of 367,991 reported offenses is the highest of the five year period showing a 14.0% increase over 1987.
Arrests
In 1988, law enforcement agencies reported 67,002 arrests for Index offenses and 259,679 arrests for Non-Index offenses. Table2and Figure 2displaythe trendsin arrestsfor the two crimecategoriesand the total for all crimes.Arrestsfor Indexoffenseshave increasedeachyear duringthe fiveyear period. The largest percentage increase (19.3%) occurred in 1988 when reported arrests rose by 10,852. Arrests for Non-Index offenses remained fairly constant until 1988 when the total jumped by 25,861 (11.1%) over 1987. The 1986 Non-Index arrest totals are not valid for comparison
purposesbecause they donot include DUI arrestswhich are
unavailable.

Table 1

REPORTED INCIDENTS OF CRIME 1984-1988

Index Non-Index
TOTAL CRIMES

517,898

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 1986Non-Indexincident total does not include DUI which is unavailable.

REPORTED INCIDENTS OF CRIME
INDEX, NON-INDEX, TOTAL, 1984-1988

NUMBER REPORTED 800,000

700,000

800,000

600,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000 1984

1986
I 4 INDEX

1988 YEAR
+NON-INDEX

1987 -TOTAL

1988
1

Table 2

-
Index Non-Index

- REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES 1984 1988

1984

1985

1986

1987

46,602 238,238

52,843 226,077

54,493 171,357

5w5o
233,818

TOTAL ARRESTS 284,840

278,920

225,850

289,968

1988 67,002 259,679
326,681

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 1986 Non-Indexa m s t total does not include DUI which is unavailable.

Figure 2

REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES
INDEX, NON-INDEX, TOTAL, 1984-1988

NUMBER REPORTED 360,000

300,000

260,000

200,000

160,000

100,000

60,000

0 1984

1986

1986 YEAR

+INDEX +NON-INDEX

1887
-TOTAL

1988

INCIDENTS OF CRIME: CHARACTERISTICS, TRENDS, COMPARISONS
Profile of Index Crime in Georgia
In 1988,Georgiansreported 397,129Indexcrimesto lawenforcement agencies (See Table 3). Included were 705 murders, 3,029 forcible rapes, 15,443 robberies, 23,557 aggravated assaults, 99,711 burglaries, 219,367 larcenies, 34,071 motor vehicle thefts, and 1,246 arsons. Larcenies accounted for the highest percentage (55.2%) of the total number of Index crimes; burglaries made up the second highest category (25.1%). Overall, 10.8percent of theIndex crimes were violent crimes committed against persons; 89.2 percent were property offenses. Based on the 1988population estimate for Georgia of 6,252,577,6835 violent crimes and 5,668.0 property crimes were reported for each 100,000 persons, producing an Index crime rate of 6,351.4 (See Appendix for the rate computationformula).
While counts for the eight Index crimes illustrate Georgia's crime problem, the nature of serious criminal behavior can be further identified by examining pertinent details of individual crimes (See Tables 4-11).

SUMMARY OF CRIME CHARACTERISTICS, 1988
The crimesof murder, forciblerape and aggravatedassault typicallyinvolvepeople who know one another or have had previous contact (See Table 12). On the other hand, robberies, burglaries, larcenies, and motor vehicle thefts are usually committed by strangers.
Weapon type and crime can alsobe correlated.In crimesof murder and robbery, firearms are the most frequentlyused weapon (57.6% and 38.5%, respectively). Similarly, the weapon most used in the crime of forcible rape is handdfists, etc. (48.6%). In the crime of aggravated assault, other dangerous weapons was the most frequent type used (34.0%).
In 1988, $405,851,195 in property was reported stolen duringthe commissionof Indexcrimes. Motorvehicle thefts accounted for the greatest loss ($186,606,249) followed by larceny ($128,626,614) burglary ($83,253,307) and robbery ($7,085,677). The average value of property stolen during each motor vehicle theft is $5,477, compared to $835 during each burglary, $586 during each larceny, and $459 during each robbery.
With the exception of robbery, which is more likely to take place in astreet or alley,most Indexcrimesoccur in residences or parks, public buildings and other places. Business establishments, chain stores, service stations, and banks were generally less likely places of occurrence for Index crimes.

Table 3

PROFILE OF REPORTED INDEX CRIMES, GEORGIA 1988

Crime
Murder Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault
Total Violent Crime

Reported

% of Total

Rate Per 100,000

42,734

10.8

683.5

Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson
Total Property Crime Total Index Crime
Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center

354,395 397,129

89.2 100.0

5,668.0 6,351.4

Table 4

DEFINITION

Murder and non-negligentmanslaughter are defined as the willful killing of one human b e i iby another. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident, or justsable homicide are not included in the count for this offense classification. Attempts to murder or assaultsto murder are scored as aggravated assaults and not as murder.

TREND

Year

Number

96 Change from Rate per

96 Change &om

Reported

Previous Year

l00,OOO

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1984to 1988
--- in number of reported crimes: 25.4% --- in rate per'100,OOO: 16.5%

CHARACTERISTICS, 1988

Victim-Offender Relationship Weapon Used

Place of Occurrence

Months of Highest Occurrence

Value of Property Stolen

Profile of Persons Arrested

Reported Arrests 707

Agc

2.8% 22.2%

-16and Under
17 21

20.2% 15.3%

-22-26
27 31

15.3%

32-36

24.2%

37and ovcr

Unlmown NonStranger to NonStranger Strangerto Stranger

57.6% 16.2% 10.8%
9.9%
55%

Fvearm Cutting Tool Unknown Other DangerousWeapon
Hands, Fits,etc.

Parks, Public Buildings and Other Places Residence street, AUey Business Establishment

August Jub January

$84,216.00Total $119.00 Per Incident

AmsVCrimes Ratio 1.0

Suc Male Female

84.2% l5.8%

Race: White

35.9%

Non-White 64.1%

Note: Due to roundin mntages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia ~rimefnf&nationCenter; Ofice of Planningand Budget Population mimate

Figure 3A

MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
FIVE YEAR TREND

NUMBER REPORTED 800
760 - -
700 --
860 --

7 10

-
706

660 -682
600 --
460 1884

I
1086

I I
1988
YEAR

I I
1087

1088

Figure 3B
MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
WEAPON TYPE, 1988
Firearm 67.8%

8 tc.
Unknown 10.8%

Figure 3C
MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988
Publlc Area 46.6%

Table 5

Foruile rape is the carnal knowledge of a female forciblyand against her will. This category includesassaults or attempts to commit forcible rape by force or threat of force, but not statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses.

TREND

Year

Number

5%Change from Rate per

% Change from

Reported

Previous Year

l00,OOO

Previous Year

P--e-ricnennutamgbeecrhoafnrgeepforortmed1c9r8im4teos:11998.87%
--- in rate per 100,000:12.0%

CHARACTERISTICS, 1988

Victim-Offender Relationship Typeweapon used
Place of Occurrence
Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen
Profile of Persons Arrested
Reported Arrests 1102

NonStranger to Non-Stranger Stranger to Stranger Unknown Hands, Fits,etc. Other DangerousWeapon Cutting Tool Unknown Fireann Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, Alley Business Establishment Jub August September 132.00 Total $64.00 Per Incident
Arrest/Crimes Ratio .36

16 and Under
-17 21 -22 26 -27 31
-32 36
37 and ovcr

Suc Male

97.3%

Female 2.7%

k: White 25.1% Non-White 74.9%

Note: Due to roundin mntages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia ~ r i m eorwmation Center; Office of Planningand Budget Population Estimate

Figure 4A
FORCIBLE RAPE
FIVE YEAR TREND
NUMBER REPORTED 3,100

1984

1986

1888 YEAR

1887

1888

Figure 4B
FORCIBLE RAPE
WEAPON TYPE, 1988
Hands, Flats, etc.

Cuttlng Tool 10.2%

Figure 4C
FORCIBLE RAPE
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988
Publlc Area

Table 6

DEFINITION

Robbery is the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

Year

Number Reported

TREND
% Change from Previous Year

Rate per l00,OOO

% Change from Previous Year

Percentage change from 1984to 1988
--- in number of reported crimes: 75.0% --- in rate per 100,000: 64.0%
CHARACTERISTICS, 1988

Victim-Offender Relationship
Typc Weapon Used

Place of Occurrence

Months of Highest Occurrence

Value of Property Stolen During Offense

Profile of Persons Arrested

Reported Arrests 3,928

Agc 4.8% 24.3% 26.% 23.3% 11.% 8.%

16 and Under
-17 21 -22 26 -27-31
32 36 37 and over

51.4%
35.1% 135%

Stranger to Stranger unknown NonStranger to Non-Strangcr

385% 32.0% 18.8% 9.4%
1.3%

Fm
Hands, Fit, etc. Other Dangerous Weapon Cutting Tool Unknown

Business Establishment Stnet, Alley Residence Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places

August December Octobcr

$7,085,677.00 Total $459.00 Per Incident

Arrcst/Crimes Ratio .25

Suc Male

91.3%

Female 8.7%

Race: White

17.8%

Non-White 82.2%

Note: Due to roundinflpcrcentages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia Crime ormation Center; Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimate

Figure 5A
ROBBERY
FIVE YEAR TREND

F i e 5B
ROBBERY
WEAPON TYPE, 1988

Hands. Flsts. 32.0%

Unknown 1.3%
Cuttlng Tool
8.4%
Other 18.8%

Figure 5C
ROBBERY
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988

Table 7

1 AGGRAVATE11 ASSAULT 1

DEFINITION

Aggravated assault is the unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe bodily injury.
Thistype of assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or other means likely to produce death or serious bodily harm. Attempts are included since it is not necessary that an injury result when a gun, knife, or other weapon is
used which could and probably would result in seriouspersonal injury if the crime is successfullycompleted.

TREND

Year

Number

96 Change from Rate per

% Change from

Reported

Previous Year

l00,OOO

Previous Year

P----e--riicnnenrnauttamegbpeeecrrho1af0nr0ge,e0p0fo0rro:tm3e5d1.8c9%r8i4mteos:14948.89%

CHARACTERISTICS, 1988

V i - O f f e n d e r Relationship l[)rpc Weapon Used

57.6%
27.9%
145%

Protile of Persons Arnsted

Reported Arrests 12,036

43% 16.6%
#)2%
19.4%
145% 25.096

Act
16 and Under
-17 21
-22 26
-27 31 -32 36
37 and over

NonStranger to NonStrangcr Unknown Stranger to Stranger
Other DangerousWeapon Firearm Cutting Tool Hands, Fits,etc. Unknown
Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence street, Alky Business Establishment
August JJuuhnle

Arrest/Crimes Ratio 5 1

Suc Male

80.7%

Pemaie 19.3%

Raa: White 28.9% Non-White 71.1%

Nm ote: :D~ure

to g

roundin i craime!$

rctntages do not always total 100% onnation Center; Office of Planningand Budget Population Ertirnate

Figure 6A

AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
FIVE YEAR TREND
NUMBER REPORTED 24,000

22,000 - -

20,000 - -
18,000 --
18,253 18,000
1984

16,734
I
1886

19,008
I I
1986 YEAR

19,463
I I
1887

1888

Figure 6B
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
WEAPON TYPE, 1988

Other

Flrearrn 32.0%

Unknown 0.7%
Hands, Flat, 7.Q%
Cutting Tool 26.4%

Figure 6C
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988
Publlc Area
48.1%

Table 8

DEFINITION

Burglary is defined as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify the crime as a burglary.

TREND

Year

Number

% Change from Rate per

% Change from

Reported

Previous Year

l00,OOO

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1984to 1988
--- in number of reported crimes: 43.1% --- in rate per 100,000:34.1%

CHARACTERISTICS, 191UI

Victim-Offender Relationship Place of Occurrence
Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen During Offense

Unknm Stran r tostran r ~ o n & a n g c rto &-Stranger

Residence Business Establishment Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places street, AUey

9.3% 9.1% 9.m

August Se tembcr
JUR

$83,253,307.00Total $835.00 Per Incident

Profile of Persons Arrested

Reported Arrests 10,493

8.8% 34.4% 22.7% 16.8% 9.2% 8.0%

Age
-16 and Under
17 21 22-26
-27 31 -32 36
37 and over

ArresVCrimes Ratio .10

Suc Male

93.2%

Female 6.8%

Race: White 41.4% Non-White 58.6%

Note: Due to roundin? ymntages do not always t o t a Soum: Georgia Crime n onnation Center; Office of Planningand Budgct Population Estimate

BU-LARY
FIVE YEAR TREND
NUMBER REPORTED 100.000-
86.000 - 80.000 - 86,000 - -
80.000 - -

66.000 1084

I I
1886

I I
1988
YEAR

I I
1887

1988

Figure 7B
BURGLARY
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1988

Street 0.1%
Bualneaa 21.0%

Table 9

DEFINITION

Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying,leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes as s h o p l i f t i pocket-picking,purse-snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts and accessories, bicycle thefts, etc., in which no use of force, violence, or fraud occurs.

TREND

Year

Number

% Change from Rate per

% Change from

Reported

Previous Year

l00,OOO

Previous Year

---Percentage change from 1984to 1988 in number of reported crimes: 53.7%
--- in rate per 100,000.44.0%
CHARACTERISTICS,1988

Victim-Offender Relationship Criminal Activity

70.6% 20.996 8.6%

Place of Occurrence
Months of Highest Occurrence
Value of PropertyStolen During Offense
Profile of Persons Arrested
Reported Arrests 34,980

Unknown Stran r to Stran r hJon&nger to &-Stranger Other Thefts From Motor VehicleIAutoAmxmics Shopliftin From ~ u h i n ~ Biies Purse Snatching From Coin Machines Pocket-picking Business Establishment P a d , Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, AUey May August Juhl
$128,626,614.00 Total
$586.00 Per Incident
Arrest/CrimesRatio .16

Age 9.4% 26.00/0 195% 17.0% 12.1% 16.0%

-16and Under
17 21
-22-26
27 31 32-36 37 and over

Se& Male Female

69.6% 30.4%

Race: White

37.4%

Non-White 62.6%

Note: Due to roundinf, percentages do not always total lo%o Source: Georgia Crime n ormation Center, Offce of Planningand Budget Population Estimate

Figure 8A
LARCENY
FIVE YEAR TREND
NUMBER REPORTED 220.000
200,000 - -
160,000 --

1984

1986

1988 YEAR

1987

1888

Figure 8B
LARCENY
CRIMINAL ACTIVITY. 1988

Purse Snatching 1. Coin Machine 0.7%

Other 30.8%

Motor Vehicle 36.9%

Pocket Plcklnp 0.3%

Figure 8C
LARCENY
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988
Buslnees

Publlc Area 32.4%

28.2%

Table 10
1 1 MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT

DEFINITION

Motor vehicle theft is defined as the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. This definition excludta taking for temporary use by t h w persons havinglawful accessto the vehicle.

TREND

Year

Number

% Change from Rate per

% Change from

Reported

Previous Year

l00,OOO

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1984 to 1988
--- in number of reported crimes: 933% --- in rate per 100,000:88.1%
CHARACTERISTICS, 1988

Months of Highest Occumncc
Value of Property Stokn During Offense
ProNe of Persons Arrested
Reported Arrrses 3,441

8.4%

-32 36

9.2%

37and over

Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Placer Rcsi&na Business Establislupent Stnxt, Alley

9.8% 9.1% 9.0%

August Sc tember
JU&

SlE6,606,249.00 Total $5,4?7.00 Per Incident

ArresVCrimes Ratio .10

Sac Male

m.8%

Female 9.2%

Race: White 335% Non-White 665%

1v Note: Due to roundin mntagcs do not always total
Soume Georgia C&nek&mation Center. Ofice of Planning and Budget Population Enimate

Fie 9A
MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT
FIVE YEAR TREND
NUMBER REPORTED 35.000

16,000 1084

1086

1088 YEAR

1087

F i e 9B
MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988
Publlc Area

Realdence 31.2%

Street 6.0%

Table 11

DEFINITION

Arson is defined as any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc. Only fires determined through investigationto have been willfully or maliciouslyset are classi6ed as arsons.Fires of suspicious or unknown origins are
excluded.

TREND

Year

Number

96 Change from Rate per

96 Change from

Reported

Previous Year

lO0,ooO

Previous Year

------Percentage change from 1984to 1988 in number of reported crimes:16.7% in rate per 100,000:93%

CHARACTERISTICS, 1988

Vilaim-OtTender Relationship

72.6% 17.4% 10.W0

Unknown NonStrangerto NonStranger Stranger to Stranger
Residence Parks, Public Buildin@, and Other Places Business Establishment

Monthsof Highest Occumnce

10.4%
99% 9.6%

August kztembcr

M l e of Persons Arrested

ReportedArrtsts 315

5.4% 14.996 20.6% 18.4% 14.0% 26.7%

Age
-16and Under
17 21 22-26
-27 31 -32 36
37 and avtr

Amst/Crimcs Ratio .25 Sex Male 83.2%
Female 16.8% Race: White 53.3%
Non-White 46.7%

Note: Dw to roundin m n t a p do not always total 100%
Source Georgia ~rimefngnnationCenter; Office of Planningand Budget Population Euimate

Figure 10A
ARSON FIVE YEAR TREND
NUMBER REPORTED 1,400
1,300 --

1084

1086

1086 YEAR

1887

1088

Figure 10B
ARSON
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988

1
Publlc Area 24.2%

Buslness 16.7%

Figure 11
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL INDEX CRIMES, 1988

MURDER

AllSON

RAPE

ROBBERY

AOOIIUED ASSAULT

MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT

BURDLAAI

1 PERCENT OF TOTAL

LAeCENI

Table 12
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDEX CRIMES, 1988

Murder

VICTIM-OFFENDER RELATIONSHIP
IRe orted Stranger
to tranger Reported Non-
f Stran er to
Non- tranger Relationship Not Known

3.4% 36.0% 60.6%

Forcible Robbery Aggravated Burglary Larceny

Rape

Assault

29.3%

51.4%

14.5%

11.6%

20.9%

45.3% 25.4%

13.5% 35.1%

57.6% 27.9%

5.4% 83.0%

8.6% 70.6%

Motor Vehicle Arson Theft

12.5% 11.3% 76.2%

10.0% 17.4% 72.6%

WEAPON USED Firearm Cutting Tool Hands, Fists, Etc. Other Dangerous Weapons Unknown

57.6% 16.2% 5.5%
9.9% 10.8%

8.5% 10.2% 48.6%
23.7% 8.9%

38.5% 9.4% 32.0%
18.8% 1.3%

32.0% 25.4% 7.9%
34.0% 0.7%

PROPERTY STOLEN

Total Value

$84,216

Value Per

Incident

$119

$195,132 $7,085,677

$64

$459

$83,253,307 $128,626,614 $186,606,249

PLACE OF OCCURRENCE

Street, Alley

7.2%

Service Station

0.3%

Chain Store

0.9%

Bank

0.1%

Other Commercial

Business

4.8%

Residence

41.1%

Public Areas, Other Buildings, & Unknown

45.5%

9.1% 0.1% 0.6% 0.1%
6.1% 41.5%
42.4%

37.2% 2.5% 13.4% 1.5%
23.1% 11.7%
10.6%

10.4% 0.2% 1.3% 0.1%
7.2% 32.6%
48.1%

0.1% 0.5% 1.4% 0.1%
19.0% 66.1%
12.8%

2.6% 2.1% 7.8% 0.2%
25.6% 29.2%
32.4%

5.9% 0.9% 1.3% 0.2%
20.3% 31.2%
40.2%

5.8% 0.2% 0.9% 0.1%
14.6% 54.3%
24.2%.

Note: Due to rounding or missing data, percentages d o not always total 100%. Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CRIME
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) are geographical subdivisions composed of a core city with a population of at least 50,000 or an urbanized area of at least 50,000 and a total metropolitan area population of at least 100,000combined with econornicallylsocially related counties. MSA's experienced the highest crime rates in the state in all categories of Index crimes (See Table 14).
Georgia's eightMSA's currentlyaccount for 63.6percent of the state's population yet they include only 38 of the 159

counties. In comparison of overall crime rates, MSA's more than double (7,860) the non-MSA rate (3,7l3)(See Table 13).
These tables indicate the importance of population density as one factor in the number of crimes committed in an area. Table 40 provides specific crime rates for the individual counties comprising MSNnon-MSA categories. Table 40 indicates that many MSA counties have high crime rates.

Table 13

Metro oiitan ~tatistcal Countv Area

%bf Powlation Total Murder

MSAINON MSA'S, 1988

- . - Aggravated

Motor

R a ~ e Robberv Assault

Buralarv Larconv Vehicle Amon

Theft

Index Crime Crime Total Rate

Albany. MSA

2"w

112,603 $7-

Alban GA MSAk t a ~

130,113 2.1% 29 100 452

474

3,729 4,836 389 33 10,042 7,718

Athens, GA

MSA

CWe

78,788

2

Jackson

28,041

2

When

20,818

0

Athens, GA MSA Total

-o c o n ~

18,837
145,480 2.3%

0
4

AthtqGA

MSA

24,588

3

&rttr

15,531

1

Ch.rokw

70,838

4

183.472

11

368.798

32

Covvaa

44,434

4

s:(kltalb

7m8.m105

31 8 1

Ez"

38,878 631,558

3 243

Gwlnnat

270,305

2

Ex"

50,210 40,333

8 5

Paulding

33.082

0

Rockdsk

55,180

3

spaldlW

53,535

13

WaHon

37,480

8

55

108

8

4

1

1

2

1

66 112

8

8

4

2

15

18

82

415

171

654

8

22

328

1,917

23

51

8

7

8

1

888

8.888

78

197

10

30

0

48

7

8

17

41

23

78

8

18

287 83 7 5
362
48 14 1~5 542 808 49 843 82 43 SB 10.028 500 51 125 57 185 237 U

1,640

3,188

2SO

253

380

79

1P

133

18

63

41

8

2,078 3,753 356

272 108 848
4-
8,304 470
11,502
83s84 301 20,888 3,790
"484
423 717
388

458 1% 1.184 8.eaa 14.371 91 0 28Pe
lE 1.058 51.480 10.502 1.007
1,848 ; ,2

05
34 184 la4
wA
5,901
243 58
131 11,802
?2 87 113 151 190

23

w

10

818

0

2LL3

1

121

34 6,765 4,650

4

m4

1

a1

5
n

aim 14,149

84

24003

4

w 1 m

15

2PS1

0

1-

8

1 em

188

2

14 5

?Z

7

2947

0 0

%

Atlanta, GA

MSA Total

2,571,516 41.1% 374 1,691 10,499

t&*"

Columbia

57.718

3

15

40

Richmond

202,833

32

114

757

McDu(A.

20,918

1

0

3

13,912
81 564
2

51,948 1 2 7 , ~2 4 , ~ 477 ~30,483 8,983

478

633

83

5

1-

4,-

874

31)

14,374

81

7%

15

0

178

AMu&usTtOa ^GA

281,267 4.5% 36 129 800

637

5,236 8,135 1,072 43 16,088 5,720

T-ONoOgcAl. MSA

Dad. Caroora
Walker

13,623 42.194 50.149

Chattanooga, TN-GA

MSA Total

114,966 1.8%

6

27 36

1 54

Columbus. GA-AL MSA

CMhooc~ Muacagw

23,198 181,348

936 1,974 297 25 3,455 3,005

Columbus, GA-AL

MSA Total

-. QA

MSA

Bibb

Hovdon

Jornr

Poach

204,542 3.3% 21

1S.586

22

88.-

7

2.340

2

21.971

0

66 449

91

340

32

148

3

8

5

8

Macon GA MSA ~ 6 t a l

290,462 4.6% 31 131 500

savannah, GA MSA

Chatham E(Rngham

217,550 P.148

28

156

SBB

0

4

5

Savannah GA MSA ~ o t a l

239,698 3.8% 26 160 571

Total MSA's

3,978,044 63.6% 527 2,370 13,419

Total Outside MSA's

2,274,533 36.4% 178 659 2,024

Total State Agencies Reporting

2

84 133

Total State

6,252,577 100.0% 705 3,029 15,443

359
820 383
14 25
1,042
802 45
647 17,587
5,970
172 23,557

3,086 6,903 672

-1

7,a

727

1

3,137

ZTO

1%

P

87

10

22

61 11,617 5,680

30

12,187

13 1

=%

0

3zs

4,339 10,931 1,050 44 18,068 6,220

3.900 177

8,474 2M

703 30

28 0

'%

4,167 9,768 733 75,519 173,357 29,096

85 16,157 6,741 802 312,677 7,860

24,192 46,010 4,975 444 84,452 3,713

538 307 155 53 1,444 99,711 219,367 34,071 1,248 397,129 6,351

Table 14

MS A NON MSA

MSA/NON MSA INDEX CRIME RATES, 1988 PER 100,000 PERSONS

Murder 13.2 7.8

Rape 59.6 29.0

Robbery 337.3 89.0

Aggravated Assault 442.1
262.5

Bu@ar`Y 1,898.4 1,063.6

Larceny 4,357.8 2,022.8

Motor Vehicle Theft 731.4
218.7

-
Arson 20.2 19.5

Sounx: Georgia Crime Information Center

CRIME TRENDS AND COMPARISONS
The five year trend from 1984 - 1988 indicates that Index
crimeshave risen eachyear to a peak of 397,129in 1988.Except fdr 1984,the last four years have seen an average increase of 11.3% in Index crimes (Table 15). Overall, reported Index crimes have risen by 53.3% since 1984 (Table 18). Examination of crime rates for individual Index crimes shows that seven of the eight crimes increased in 1988,murder dropped by 35% (Table 16).

CHANGES IN CRIME RATES
Crimeratesmustbe interpreted with the understandingthat they are the product of changes in both the number of crimes reported and population. For this reason, analysisof crime rate is important since comparable groups, whether counties, states or specific groups of persons of a certain age range, race, or sex, can be compared to determine a rate per 100,000persons. Table 19relates crime and population
from 1984- 1988.

Table 17indicatesthat Georgia, the South, and the United States experienced an increase in Index crimes for 1988.

Figure 12A
INDEX CRIME RATE, FlVE YEAR TREND
- VIOLENT, PROPERTY, TOTAL, 1984 1988
CRIME RATE

1984

1985

1986 YEAR

1987

1988

Figure 12B
INDEX CRIMES, FlVE YEAR TREND
VIOLENT, PROPERTY, TOTAL, 1984 - 1988
NUMBER REPORTED

1984

1985

1986 YEAS

1987

1988

of Crime
Murder (% Change)
Forcible Rape (% Change)
Robbery (% Change)
Aggravated Assault (% Change)
Total Violent
1C%riCmheange)

Table 15
- CHANGES IN NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES GEORGIA, 1984 1988

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

28 168 6d%

30 20 7A

35,893 18.8%

36 73 1.A

42,734 17.8%

Larceny (% Change)
Motor Vehicle Theft (% Change)
Arson (% Change)
Total Property Crime (% Change!)
Total Index Crime (96 Change)

;%"#
259,253 3.2%

266 084 15.1%
2%,304 143%

293 51 lo.&
329,144 11.1%

3120%.69o

354 95 9.92

35r2397,129

9.

10.7%

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

Table 16
- CHANGES IN INDEX CRIME RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS GEORGIA, 1984 1988

Type of Crime
Murder (% Change)
Forcible Rape (% Change)
Robbery (% Change)
Aggravated Assault (% Change)
Total Violent Crime (% Change)
Burglary (% Change)
Larceny (% Change)
Motor Vehicle Theft (% Change)
Arson (% Change)
Total Property Crime (% Change)
Total Index Crime (% Change)

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

277.5 4.4%
480.9 4.7%

280.9 1.3%
5073 5.5%

315.4 12.3%
592.8 16.9%

316.1 0.2%
589.4 -0.6%

376.8 19.2%
6835 16.0%

3,944.9 1.1%
4,425.8 1.5%

4,467.1 132%
4,974.4 12.4%

4,843.0 8.4%
5,435.7 93%

5241.7 82%
5,831.1 73%

5,668.0 8.1%
6,351.4 8.9%

1984 1988
35.8% 42.1%
43.7% 43.5%

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

Table 17
- INDEX CRIME TRENDS GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1984 1988

1984 %Change 1985 %Change 1986 %Change 1987 % Change 1988 % Change

Georgia 258,185 3.2%

295,040 14.3% 327,820 11.1% 357,768 9.1%

395,883 10.7%

South 3,946,996 0.2% 4,302,605 9.0% 4,737,997 10.1% 4,943,277 4.3% 5,141,008 4.0%

Nation 11,881,755 -1.6% 12,430,026 4.6% 13,211,869 6.3% l3,508,708 2.2% 13,913,%9 3.0%

- Arson totals arc not included in this table.
(Soum: FBI Uniform Crime Report 1988 Preliminary Release and Crime in the United States; Georgia Crime Information Center)

Table 18

Type of Crime
Murder (% Change)
Forcible Rape (% Change)
Robbery (% Change)
Aggravated Assault (% Change)
Total violent crime (9% Change)
Burglary (% Change)
Larceny (% Change)
Motor vehicle theft (% Change)
Total property crime (5% Change) Total Index crime (% Change)

- CHANGES IN NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1984 1988

Georgia

1984

1988

South

1984

1988

Nation

1984

1988

16,253

23,557 44.9%

28,168

42,734 51.7%

254,780

328,386 28.9%

424,836

542,679 27.7%

685,349 914,944 33.5%
1,273,282 1,566,077 23.0%

230,017 258,185

353,149 53.5%
395,883 533%

3,522,160 4,551,039 292%
3,946,996 5,093,718 29.1%

10,608,473 12,284,098 15.8%
11,881,755 13,850,175 - 15.6%

Arson comparisons are not available for this table

- (Source: FBI Uniform Crime Report 1987PreliminaryAnnual Release

40

and Crime in the United States; Georgia Crime Information Center)

Figure 13
INDEX CRIMES, FIVE YEAR TREND
GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1984-1988
NUMBER REPORTED (Thousands) 400
376 --
360 - -
326 --
300 - -

260 1984

I I
1886

I I
1888 YEAR

I I
1887

NUMBER REPORTED (Millions)

--3

&I

8

Table 19

- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRIME AND POPULATION, GEORGIA 1984 1988

Year

Population 9% Change

No. Index Crimes

% Change

Index Crime Rate

- % Change

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center; Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimates

Figure 14A
REPORTED INDEX CRIMES 1984-1988
NUMBER REPORTED

1984

1985

1986 YEAR

1987

1988

Figure 14B
REPORTED INDEX CRIME RATES
PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1984-1988
RATE PER 100,000 PERSONS

1984

1985
1

1986 YEAR

1987

1 CRIME RATE

1988

PROFILE OF NON-INDEX CRIMES IN GEORGIA
The number of Non-Index crimes reported to GCIC has increasedeveryyear from 1984to 1988.DUI data for 1986are not available, however, in comparing crime totals, excluding DUI, for 1984through 1988totals for other Non-Index crimes continue to reflect an upward trend (See Figure 15).
Non-Index crimes are beginning to follow the pattern for Index crimes formed during the last five years (See Table 20). Because of the seriousness of Index crimes, they have alwaysbeen more likely to be reported; however, increased public and law enforcement awareness of certain Non-

Indexcrimeshasbrought aboutmore frequent and accurate reporting. Narcotics offenses and crimes against children containing several categories including sex offenses, child neglect, and rape committed againstjuveniles are two areas where increased awareness has improved reporting. (Note: Rape is an Index offense).
This section contains analyses of reported arrests for all crimesby age, sex, and race and an'alysesfor specificcrimes such as crimes against children and drug law violations.

Table 20

- PROFILE OF REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIMES, 1984 1988

NON-INDEX CRIMES

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance
VaP'W Other Offense Curfewfiitering R~x~ay

Figure 15
REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME INCIDENTS
1984-1988
NUMBER REPORTED

1984
(Excluding DUI)

1985

1986 YEAR

1987

1988

I RSU NON-INDEX CRIME

Table 21

--
NON-INDEX CRIMES
Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offensz Curfewbitering Runaway

- PROFILE OF REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIMES STATEWIDE. 1987 1988

1987

5% of Total

1988

Total

317,771

100.0%

Source: Georga Cnme Information Center

"DUI total unavailable as of print date

45

'Weapons Violation, Publ~cD~sturbdnceand Curfew/I.o~teringare reported under Other Offense.

367,991

9% of Total 100.0%

- CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN 1984 1988
Specific offense and arrest idormation for crimes against children can be analyzed to determine trends in the areas of rape, kidnapping, sex offenses, cruelty towards a child, contributingto the delinquencyof aminor, and chid neglect as these crimes apply to children and those arrested. (Note: data on the specific crime category murder of children are not available).
The pattern of total offenses within these categories for 1984-1988varies from the pattern for total arrests reported during the same period. Reported offenses have increased each year, except for 1986,while reported arrests remained relatively the same, except for 1985which was a peak year.

Increased public attention has been focused on crimes against children. Legislative attention at the state and federal level has mandated that these crimes be a primary focus for law enforcement agencies at all levels of government.
Thisincreased awarenessand largenumbersof reported arrests for these crimes show a greater sensitivity to such crimes.

CRIME
Rape*
Kidnapping**
Sex Offense*** Cruelty Towards Child Contributing to Deliquency of a Minor Child Neglect Total

Table 22A

- REPORTED CRIMESAGAINST CHILDREN GEORGIA, 1984 1988

1984

1985

1986

69 115 1,245 1,071

25 187 1,484 1,165

46 154 1,208 1,274

1987
31 183 1741 1,605

1988
41 189 2,417 1,944

1,445 4,398

1,784 5,021

1,406 4960

k532 5,561

1758
am

Table 22B

CRIME

- REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMESAGAINST CHILDREN GEORGIA, 1984 1988

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Rape* Female Male
Kidnapping**
Female Male
Sex Offense***
Female Male Cruelty Towards Child Female
Male Contributing to Deliquency of a Minor Female Male Child Neglect
Female Male

Total

5,187

a=

5,581

591

Rape committed againstjuveniles includesthe specificcharges of: sexual assault-domy-boy-gun, sexual assault-sodomy-girl-gun, sexual assault-sodomy-boytsexualassault-sodomy-girl, sexual assault-domy-boy-strongarm,and sexual assault-sodomy-girlgtrongann.

** Kidnapping of juveniles includesthe specific chargesof: kidnap minor for ransom, kidnap minor to sexuallyassault, and kidnap minor.

s,3w

***Sexualoffensesagainstjuveniles include the specific chargesof: child fondling, homosexual act with girl, h o m d act with boy, and incestwith minor.

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting database, GCIC
47

ARRESTS FOR CRIMES
Trends, Characteristics,Comparisons
Numbers and rates of arrests are useful measurements of lawenforcement activityand officialresponsesto crime.Arrest statisticsalsoprovide someinsiit intothe composition of the criminal population, particularly as regards age, sex, and race. The varied policies and emphasis of law enforcement agencies influence the volume and type of arrests made. However, arrest practices for crimes are relatively uniform, allowing comparisons over time. Furthermore, it must be understood that because an individual can be arrested more than once during a given year, annual arrest statistics more accurately reflect the number of arrests made, rather than the number of different persons taken into custody.
Arrest data reflect the actual number of arrests reported; the figures may not equal all arrests that took place.

Profile of Index Arrest Trends
During the period 1982-1986,the number of arrests made by Georgia law enforcement agencies for Index crimes decreased 0.8%. However, 1986 shows the largest increase in reported arrests since 1982. The number of arrests increased for all violent Index Crimes. Murder increased 0.4%, forcible rape 12.2%, robbery 1.0%, and aggravated assault by 3.8%. Total violent crime increased 3.6% from 1982 to 1986. Increases were also reported for larceny (2.3%) and motor vehicle theft (15.1%). Decreases were reported for burglary (-17.4%) and arson (-8.7%) (See Table 23). Arrests were made for only a small portion of reported crime incidents (See Table 24).

Figure 16
REPORTED INDEX ARRESTS
FIVE YEAR TREND, 1984-1988
NUMBER REPORTED

1984

1985
I

1986

1987

YEAR

1 INDEX ARRESTS

1988

Figure 17A
INDEX CRIME ARRESTS
BY AGE, 1984
Figure 17B
INDEX CRIME ARRESTS
BY AGE, 1988

Profile of Persons Arrested
During 1988, young persons aged 17-21 were more frequentlyarrested for the crimesofrobbery,burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft. Those aged 22-26 were more frequently arrested for robbery. Arrests for murder, aggravated assault and arson more often involved those aged 37and older. Populationestimatesreveal the percentage of persons aged 17-21has fallen 1.3%; the percentage of personsaged 22-26has risen23%, those aged37and older has risen 10.8% from 1984-1988. Comparisons of arrest figures from 1984to 1988indicate a decreasein the percentage of persons arrested in age groups 0-16,17-21 and 22-26 (the age groups 17-21and 22-26 are still the highest in percent-
+ age arrested) and an increase in the percentage in age
groups 27-31,32-36 and 37 (See Table 25) In addition, maleswere arrestedmorefrequentlythan females, and nonwhites were arrested more often than whites. Table 26 provides a profile of arrest data by age, sex and race.

Profde of Juvenile Arrests for Index Crimes
In Georgia,juveniles are persons 16years of age and under. In 1988,juveniles accountedfor 8.3% of all arrestsfor Index crimes. This represents a decrease of 1.6% from 9.9% in 1984for the five year period. In 1988,juveniles represented the lowest percentage of arrest ratesfor anyindexviolentcrime (SeeTables26 and 27). Table 27 indicates that juveniles are more likely to be arrested for property crimes such as burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft.
Note: Population estimates are based upon projections provided by the Office of Planning and Budget.

Table 23

Type of Crime
Murder (% Change)
Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) A avated Assault (&hangel
Total Violent Crime (% Change)

- PROFILE OF REPORTED ARRESTS FOR INDEXCRIMES 1984 1988

1984
574 -2.7%
942 2.1%

1985
621 8.2%
6.2%

1986
671 8.1%
975 -2.5%

1987
694 3.4%
978 . 03%

1988
707
1.9%
1,102
12.7%

8,618 -1.0%
l2,636 3.0%

9,254 7.4%
a362 73%

10,033 8.4%
14,643 8.0%

9,799 -23%
14329 -0.8%

12,036 22.8%
17,773 223%

Larceny (% Change) Motor vehicle theft (% Change) Arson (% Change)
Total Property Crime (96 Change) Total Index Crime (% Change)

1,861 -3.0%
33,966 -4.7% 46,602 -4.0%

Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center

2,140 15.0%
39,281 15.6% 52,843 W.4%

2,517 17.6%
39,850 1.4%
54,493 3.1%

2,683 6.6%
41,621 4.4%
56,150 3.0%

3,441 283%
49,229 183% 67,002 193%

-- - -
1988
23.2%
17.0%
39.7%
40.7%
84.9%
- -
44.9% 43.8%

Table 24

- COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF REPORTED INDEX CRIMESAND NUMBER OF REPORTED INDEX CRIME ARRESTS, 1984 1988

Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault

1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests

562 574

603 621

653 671

719 694

705 707

2,530 942 2,805 1,000 2,827 975 2,879 978 3,029 1,102

8,823 2,502 10,078 2,687 13,315 2,964 13,222 3,058 15,443 3,928

16,253 8,618 16,734 9,254 19,098 10,033 19,453 9,799 23,557 12,036

TotalViolentCrime 28,168 12,636 30,220 13,562 35,893 14,643 36,273 14,529 42,734 17,773

Burw Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson

69,659 7,654 14T732 24,173 17,626 1,861
1,068 278

77,809 8,570 164,143 28,281 22,868 2,140
1,264 290

86,619 8,961 177,440 28,038 27,868 2,517
1,324 334

94,955 9,223 192,755 29,407 33,785 2,683
1,074 308

99,711 10,493 219,367 34,980 34,071 3,441
1246 315

Total Index Crime 259,253 46,602 296304 52,843 329,144 54,493 358,842 56,150 397,129 67,002

Sourn: Georgia Crime Information Center

Table 25

GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR INDEX CRIMES
- 1984 1988. BY AGE GROUP

Age Group 1984 %

1985 9%

1986 %

1987 9%

1988 9%

Total

46,602 100.0% 52,843 100.Wo 54,493 100.0% 56,150 100.0% 67,002 100.Wo

Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center

Table 26

PROFILE OF PERSONSARRESTED BY SPECIFICAGE, SEX, RACE, 1988

Type of Crime
Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault

16 and Under 17-21

2.8%

22.2%

5.3%

21.0%

4.8%

24.3%

4.3%

16.6%

AGE
22-26
20.2% 25.0% 26.9% 20.2%

27-31
15.3% 21.0% 23.3% 19.4%

32-36
153% 12.4% 11.9% 145%

37 +
24.2% 153% 8.9% 25.0%

Total Violent Crime
Burglary Larceny
Motor Vehicle Theft Arson

4.4%
15.5% 5.4%

18.8%
33.3% 14.9%

22.0%
19.3% 20.6%

20.2%
14.3% 18.4%

13.8%
8.4% 14.0%

20.8%
9.2% 26.7%

Total Property Crime

9.7%

Total Index Crime

83%

28.2% 25.7%

20.2% 20.7%

16.8% 17.7%

113% 113%

13.8% 15.7%

Type of Crime
Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault
Total Violent Crime
Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson
Total Property Crime
Total Index Crime

SEX

Male

Female

84.2% 97.3% 91.3% 80.7%

15.8% 2.7% 8.7% 19.3%

84.2%
93.2% 69.6% 90.8% 83.2%

15.8%
6.8% 30.4% 9.2% 16.8%

762%

23.8%

783%

21.7%

Source:Gwrgia Crime InformationCenter

RACE

White

Non-White

265%

735%

38.1% 35.0%

61.996 65.0%

Table 27

ARRESTRATES PER 100,000PERSONS BY SPECIFICAGE, SEX, RACE,1988

lppedCIime
Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault

Total
115 17.9 63.8 195.6

16 and Under
1.2 35 115 315

17-21
30.6 45.0 185.9 388.8

----

22-26

27-31

27.4 52.8 UYL.2 4663

20.1 43.0 170.0 435.0

32-36
21.3 27.0 92.0 344.2

37 +
7.0 6.9 14.4 1233

Total Violent Crime 288.8

Bm Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson

1705 568.4
55.9 5.1

47.8
565 201.2 32.6
1.0

6503
7033 1,769.1
2235 9.2

748.7
456.6 1,3075
127.3 12.4

668.0
328.4 1,108.2
91.7 10.8

484.6
191.6 836.9 56.8
8.7

151.6
34.4 228.9
12.9 3.4

Total Index Crime 1,088.8

339.1

39555

2,652.5

2,207.0

1,578.6

4313

'QpeofCrime

SEX

Male

Female

Murder Foruile Rape
Robbery Aggravated Assault

-

-

-

- -- - ---- --

Total Violent Crime

509.8

89.9

BurW Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft
Arson

Total Property Crime

1,278.6

3742

Total Index Crime

1,788.4

464.1

RACE

White

Non-White

4342 5432

1,748.1 2,497.7

Source: Georgia Crime Infonition Center

Table 28

GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR INDEX CRIMES, 1984-1988

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

Year

Number

Rate 100,000

Number

Rate 100,000

INDEX CRIMES. BY RACE

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

Year

White

Non-White

White

NOD-White

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center, Office of Planning and Budget Population Ertimate.

PROFILE OF NON-INDEX ARREST TRENDS
Arrests for Non-Index crimes from 1984 - 1988 do not fol-
low the pattern exhibited by Index arrests. Non-Index arrests decreased in 1985 and 1986 but steadily increased through 1988, showing an increase for this five year period
of 43.8 %. Indexarrests increased steadily from 1984- 1988,
with an increase for this five year period of 9.0%. Figures for 1986cannot be comparedbecause DUI arrest totals are
unavailable. They acomparable if the DUI arrest totals
are omitted from the other four years (See Table 29).

PROFILE OF JUVENILE ARRESTS FOR NON-INDEX CRIMES
Table 30 indicates that the percentage of Non-Index crimes committedbyjuveniles remainedlowthroughout the period 1984-1988. Considering population estimates, arrest rates for juveniles for each Non-Index crime were generally the lowest for each age group (See Table 32). Of all Non-Index crimes, other offense,public disturbance,and other assault ranked the highest of juvenile Non-Index arrests. Though juvenile Index arrests clearly demonstrated a tendency toward property crimes, Non-Index arrests did not show the same distinction. Other Assaults were higher in 1988compared to arrests for stolen property (See Table 31).

Table 29
- PROFILEOF REPORTED NON-INDEXARRESTS, 1984 1988

NON-INDEX CRIMES
Other Assault ForgeryICounterfeiting Fraud Embedement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance
vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway
Total

238,238

226,077

171,357

233,818

259,679

Soum: GeorgiaCrime Information Center Weapons Violation, Public Disturbance and CurfewILoiteringa n reported under Other Offense.
** DUI totals unavailableas of print date.
56

REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS
FIVE YEAR TREND, 1984-1988
NUMBER REPORTED
-- --

150,000

1984

I
1985
/

I
1986 YEAR

I
1987

1 NON-INDEX CRIMES

- -

--

(EXCLUDING DUI)

I
1988

Table 30

REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS
- 1984 1988, BY AGE GROUP

Age Group 1984

%

1985

% 1986*

%

1987

%

1988

%

Total

238438 100.0% 226,077 100.0% 171,357 100.0% 233,818 100.Wo 253,913 100.0%

.&urce: Georgia Crime Information Center *I986Total does not include arrestsfor DUI which are unavailable

Figure 19A
NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS
BY AGE, 1984
Figure 19B
NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS
BY AGE, 1988

Table 31

REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1988

NON-INDEXCRIMES 16 & Under
Other Assault ForgeryJCounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance
vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway

17-21

AGE 22-26

27-31

,3246

Total

5,972

48,128

58,665

53,664

37,042

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

37 & Above 56m

Table 32

NON-INDEXCRIMEARREST RATES PER 100,000PERSONS
1988, BY AGE

NON-IMIEX CRIMES

TOTAL

16 & Under

17-21

2236

ARREST RATES

PER 100,000

PER 100,000

PER 100,000

Other Assault FmgerytCounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property vaudalism Weapons Violation
Prostituted
Commercial Vice Other Swr OBeuse Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling
Family Offense
DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance
VatWncJ' Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway

Total Arrest Rates

NON-INDEXCRIMES

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

27-31

32-36

37 & Above

PER 100,000

PER 100,000

PER 100,000

Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud ~mbedement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitutiod Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance
vwancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway

Total Arrest Rates

Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center

CRIMES

Table 33

- REPORTED NON INDEX CRIMEARRESTS STATEWIDE BY SEX AND RACE, 1988

Male

Percent Female Percent White Percent Non-White

Pvant

Other Assault ForgeryICounterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway

Total Arrests

213,466

82.2% 46,213

17.8% 135,329

52.1%

w~

479%

Source:Georgia Crime Information Center

DRUG VIOLATIONS 1984-1988
Though violations of drug laws are not Index offenses, drug offenses challenge the resources of law enforcement from street salesto the massiveorganizationswhich manufacture, import and distribute drugs in the United States.
In 1984, reported drug arrests were at a five year low (1984
- 1988). However, they have since risen steadily to a high of
35497 in 1988.Thisrepresents a 67.8% increaseduring this period.

Each year from 1984to 1987, persons were arrestedfor offenses related to marijuana more frequentlythan any other drug, although cocaine related arrests increased in 1988 with 2,745 more arrests than reported for marijuana.
Duringthe samefiveyear period, steadyincreasesarenoted in arrests for Cocaine (618.6%) and Narcotic Equipment (200.4%). Reported arrests for both drugs peaked in 1988. .
Of particular interest is the fact that cocaine arrests have steadily increased from 1,822 to 13,093 in the five ytat period, while narcotic equipment arrests only show 561 more arrests.

Table 34

Amphetclmine Miturate Cocaiae Hallucinogen Heroin Uarijuana Narcotic Equipment
opium synthetic Nafiatic
Fnc Text*

- REPORTED DRUG ARRESTS STATEWIDE 1984 1988
198 1984 %Change Rank 1985 %Change Rank 1986 %Change Rank 1987 %Change Rank 1988 %Change Rank 1%

NOTE'Fnc Text includesall other violationsof state and local laws relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growink manufacturing, and malcingof narcoticdm@which cannot be singularly classified in categories 1-9.

Sourct: Georgia Crime Information Center

PROFILE OF REPORTED CLEARANCES

According to the FBUUCR handbook, reported offenses can be cleared by arrest or exceptional means (circumstances occur preventing arrest). For purposes of statistical reporting, the number of offenses,not the number of persons arrested, are counted in clearance reports.
Overall trends in clearances for Index and Non-Index crimes follow very similar patterns from 1984 to 1988. Clearances have risen steadily in 1984 and 1985 with a decreasein 1986for both Index and Non-Indexcrimes (See F i e 20). However, in 1987,Index crime clearancesrose onlyslightlywhile Non-Indexclearancesexperienced a significant increase.

Clearance rate is defined as the number of clearances dividedby the number of reported crimes.Tables37and 38 represent the actual clearance rates for 1984- 1988.Due to variancesin reporting practices, care shouldbe exercised in comparing law enforcement agency clearance rates. Yearlytotals, however, areuseful for comparison.For someNonIndexcrimes,thenumber of clearancesreportedisthesame as the number of crimes reported. Law enforcement agenciesdonot report, for example,DUI offensesunless officers make DUI arrests.

Table 35

- PROFILE OF' REPORTED INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES, 1984 1988

INDEX CRIMES

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault
Burglary Larcenymeft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson

Total

53,619

91,638

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

62

Figure 20
INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES
FIVE YEAR TREND, 1984-1988
NUMBER REPORTED

1984

1985

1986 YEAR

1987

1988

INDEX CRIMES

Table 36

- REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES, 1984 1988

NON-INDEXCRIMES

1984

1985

1986

1987

Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance
ValYancy Other Offense Curfewlbitering Runaway

Total

140,627

175,435

142,924

205,636

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Data unavailable as of print date

1988 182,834

Figure 21

NON-INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES
FIVE YEAR TREND, 1984-1988

220,000

NUMBER REPORTED

120,000

1984

1985

1986 YEAR

1987

1988

INDEX CRIMES
Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Larcenymeft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson
Total

Table 37

- CLEARANCE RATES INDEX CRIMES, 1984 1988

1984

1985

1986

1987

- Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Uniform Crime Reporting Data Base
Data unavailable

Table 38

- CLEARANCE RATES NON-INDEX CRIMES, 1984 1988

--

-

NON-INDEX CRIMES

Other Assault ForgeryICounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor La\. Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfew/Loitering Runaway
Total

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center - Uniform Crime Reporting Data Base
*WeaponsViolation, Public Disturbance and Curfewmitering are included in Other Offense. ** Data unavailable
65

1988

COUNTY CRIME PROFILES
Index crime profiles for counties, shown in Table 41A, were developed from 1987 and 1988 incident reports submitted to the Georgia Crime Information Center by participating law enforcement agencies. Also included are Non-Index county crime profiles for 1987 and 1988 (See Table 41B). County totals are actual numbers reported; estimates for unreported crime are not included. In addition, some agenciesdidnot consistentlysubmit crime reports for theseyears which, in effect, lowered county totals.

County Rankings
Fulton, DeKalb, Cobb, Gwinnettand Chatham countiesaccounted for more than one-half of all the Index crimes reported in Georgiain 1988.Tables39 and 40 list Georgia's 159 counties ranked by total Index crimes reported and Index crime rates, respectively. Care shouldbe exercisedin any effort to interpret these data, due to the existenceof disparate reporting processes in some counties. However, in a majority of counties at least one law enforcement agency submittedreports to the GeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter in accordance with established laws. Consequently, these data provide a useful ranking of Index crimes and Index crime rates for individualcounties,to the extentthat reporting and non-reporting practices of law enforcement agencies are consistent from year to year.

Table 39

RANKING OF COUNTIES BY NUMBER OF REPORTED INDEX CRIMES,1988

--

Reported

Reported

Reported

County

Index Crimes

County

Index Crimes

County

Index Crimes

Fulton Dekalb Cobb Gwinnett Chatham Richmond Clayton Bibb Muscogee Dougherty Glynn Clarke Hall Houston Lowndes Whit field Floyd Spalding Troup Carroll Rockdale Douglas Tift Thomas Ware Newton Cherokee Baldwin Crisp Laurens Henry Bulloch Walker Liberty Forsyth Bartow Sumter Coweta Columbia Colquitt Catoosa Fayette Coffee Gordon Walton Paulding Decatur Ben Hill Barrow Camden Polk Jackson Upson

Stephens Monroe Haralson Mitchell Murray Chattooga Elbert Worth Cook Effingham Emanuel Harris Burke Bryan
Grady Wayne Washington Appling Dawson Macon Lamar Fannin Berrien Bacon Hart Toombs Franklin Morgan Dodge Early Peach Irwin
Butts Jones Jefferson Lee White Dade Screven Madison Pierce Lumpkin Terrell Wilkes
Jeff Davis Greene Putnam Brooks Rabun Dooly Oglethorpe Lanier Treutlen

Jenkins Bleckley Gilmer Tattnall Seminole Pulaski McDuffie Habersham McIntosh Turner TeIfair Brantley Randolph Wilkinson Lincoln Pike Charlton Banks Oconee Meriwether Pickens Calhoun Union Crawford Chattahooche Heard Taylor
Long Atkinson Jasper Candler
=wb.Y Wilcox Johnson Stewart Evans Wheeler Schley Montgomery Miller Clinch Taliaferro Towns Clay Marion Hancock Webster Echols Talbot Baker Warren Glascock Quitman

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

Table 40

RANKING OF COUNTIES BY INDEX CRIME RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1988

-

- -

Index Crime Rate

Index Crime Rate

Index Crime Rate

County

Per 100,000Persons County

Per 100,000 Persons County

Per 100,000Persons

Fulton
GlI'nn Dekalb crisp
Dowherty Tattnall Clayton Bibb Dawson Tift Chatham Richmond
Cobb
Clarke Lowndes
Spalding Troup
M=wee
Hall
Gwinnett McDuffie Houston Whitfield Ware Camden Thomas Newton Rockdale Carroll Ben Hill Sumter Baldwin Bulloch Laurens Floyd Forsyth Coffee Monroe Colquitt Cook Douglas Haralson Gordon
Bryan Henry Decatur Lanier Bartow Barrow Stephens Coweta Catoosa Treutlen

Irwin Liberty Padding Elbert Mitchell Cherokee Walton Chattooga Lamar Upson Jackson Walker Harris Worth Murray
Macon Morgan Columbia Berrien White Effingham Fannin
Fayette Appling Early Polk Emanuel Burke Lurnpkin Grady Oglethorpe Wilkes Jenkins Washington Franklin
Dade Putnam Terrell Rabun Wayne Pierce Butts Pulaski Jeff Davis Greene Dooly McIntosh Lincoln
Dodge Seminole Bleckley Screven Hart

Calhoun Lee Turner Gilmer Charlton Jefferson Taliaferro Brooks Jones
Long Peach Brantley Randolph Toombs Telfair Madison Banks Pike Wikinson Atkinson Schley Heard Taylor Stewart Crawford Candler Wheeler Union Wilcox Jasper Pickens Clay Johnson Oconee Twiggs Webster Habersham Montgomery Evans Miller Clinch Meriwether Towns Marion Echols Chattahooche Bacon Hancock Talbot Baker Warren Glascock Quitman

Source: Office of Planning and Budget, Population Estimates; Georgia Crime Information Center

Table 41A

COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, INDEX CRIMES, 1987-1988

County
Applinf3 1987 1988 Atkinson 1987 1988 Bacon 1987 1988 Baker 1987 1988 B aldwin 1987 1988 Banks 1987 1988 Barrow 1987 1988
Bartow 1987 1988 Ben Hill 1987 1988 Berrien 1987 1988 Bibb 1987 1988 Bleckley 1987 1988 Brantley 1987 1988 Brooks 1987 1988
Bryan 1987 1988

Index Crimes

Motor

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Thcn

- Arson

0 0

0 1

0 1.

0 0

3 5

0 2

4 4

8 5
6 4
0 7
35 30
0 0.
1 4
0 0
0 1

- Table 41A Continued

County

Index Crimes

Bulloch 1987 1988 Burke 1987 1988 Butts 1987 1988 Calhoun 1987 1988 Camden 1987 1988 Candler 1987 1988 Carroll 1987 1988 Catoosa 1987 1988

1,427 1,784
541 501
273 321
75 100
869 854
57 75
3,149 3,362
1,203 1,458

Charlton

1987

166

1988

142

Chatham

1987 15,629

1988 15,596

Chattahoochee

1987

73

1988

92

Chattooga

1987

545

1988

662

Cherokee

1987 2,378

1988 2,169

Clarke

1987 4,171

1988 5,542

Clay

1987

19

1988

28

Clayton

1987 11,197

1988 14,149

Motor

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Then

Arson

Table 41A - Continued

County

Index Crimes

Clinch

1987

59

1988

34

Cobb

1987 21,069

1988 25,003

Coffee

1987

1,316

1988

1,288

Colquitt

1987

1,610

1988

1,509

Columbia

1987

1,597

1988

1,536

Cook

1987

499

1988

571

Coweta

1987

1,748

1988

1,553

Crawford

1987

159

1988

96

Crisp

1987

1,716

1988

1,932

Dade

1987

187

1988

291

Dawson

1987

300

1988

424

Decatur

1987

882

1988

1,018

Dekalb

1987 45,387

1988 48,946

Dodge

1987

238

1988

347

Dooly

1987

254

1988

231

Dougherty

1987

8,183

1988

9,749

Motor

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft

Arson

- Table 41A Continued

County

Index Crimes

Douglas

1987

5852

1988

5944

Early

1987

297

1988

343

Echols

1987

8

1988

11

Effingham

1987

432

1988

561

Elbert

1987

435

1988

628

Emanuel

1987

480

1988

542

Evans

1987

74

1988

55

Fannin

1987

362

1988

383

Fayette

1987

1,293

1988 Floyd 1987 1988 Forsyth 1987 1988 Franklin

1,395
3,623 3,851
1,540 1,658

1987 1988 Fulton 1987 1988 Gilmer 1987 1988

274 358
96,470 102,206
201 205

Glascock

1987

1

1988

0

Glynn

1987

4,194

1988

5,771

Motor

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny- Theft

Arson

Table 41A - Continued

County

Index Crimes

Gordon

1987

1,164

1988

1,259

Grady

1987

421

1988

497

Greene

1987

194

1988

253

Gwinnett

1987 14,483

1988 16,554

Habersham

1987

92

1988

175

Hall

1987

4,270

1988

5,279

Hancock

1987

15

1988

22

Haralson

1987

603

1988

733

Harris 1987 1988 Hart 1987 1988 Heard 1987 1988 Henry 1987 1988 Houston 1987 1988 Irwin 1987 1988 Jackson 1987 1988 Jasper 1987 1988

425 536
289 368
106 90
1,518 1,819
5,120 5,239
305 323
567 819
83 77

Motor

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft

Arson

Table 41A - Continued

County
Jeff Davis 1987 1988 Jefferson 1987 1988 Jenkins 1987 1988 Johnson 1987 1988 Jones 1987 1988 Lamar 1987 1988 Lanier 1987 1988 Laurens 1987 1988
Lee 1987 1988 Liberty 1987 1988 Lincoln 1987 1988
Long 1987 1988 Lowndes 1987 1988 Lumpkin 1987 1988 McDuffie 1987 1988 McIntosh 1987 1988

Index Crimes

Motor

Violent property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assualt Burglary Larceny Theft

Arson

- Table 41A Continued

County

Index Crimes

Macon

1987

319

1988

414

Madison

1987

290

1988

283

Marion

1987

45

1988

26

Meriwether

1987

116

1988

109

Miller

1987

34

1988

45

Mitchell

1987

634

1988

713

Monroe

1987

663

1988

734

Montgomery

1987

10

1988

45

Morgan

1987

218

1988

351

Murray

1987

384

1988

693

Muscogee

1987

9,518

1988 11,525

Newton

1987

2,004

1988

2,196

Oconee

1987

149

1988

121

Oglethorpe

1987

134

1988

226

Paulding

1987

820

1988

1,051

Peach

1987

367

1988

325

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny

Motor Vehicle Theft

- Arson

- Table 41A Continued

County

Index CrImes

Pickens

1987

72

1988

103

Pierce

1987

216

1988

281

Pie

1987

76

1988

143

Polk

1987

856

1988

827

Pulaski

1987

202

1988

194

Putnam

1987

155

1988

253

Quitman

1987

9

1988

0

Rabun

1987

262

1988

241

Randolph

1987

103

1988

155

Richmond

1987 10,960

1988 14,374

Rockdale

1987 2,639

1988 2,947

Schley

1987

54

1988

45

Screven

1987

229

1988

286

Seminole

1987

185

1988

200

Spalding

1987

3,203

1988 3,594

Stephens

1987

525

1988

784

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny

Motor Vehicle Theft

-
Arson

Table 4l.A - Continued

County
Stewart 1987 1988 Sumter 1987 1388 Talbot 1987 1988 Taliaferro 1987 1988 Tattnall 1987 1988 Taylor 1987 1988 Telfair 1987 1988 Terrell 1987 1988 Thomas 1987
1988 Tift 1987 1988 Toombs 1987 1988 Towns 1987 1988 Treutlen 1987 1988 Troup 1987 1988 Turner 1987 1988 Twiggs 1987 1988

Index Crimes

- -

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny

Motor Vehicle
'Lbeft

Arson

- Table 41A Continued

County

Index Crimes

Union

1987

41

1988

99

Upson

1987

670

1988

802

Walker

1987 1,557

1988 1,706

Walton

1987 1,127

1988 1,116

Ware

1987 5038

1988 5251

Warren

1987

2

1988

1

Washington

1987

427

1988

453

Wayne

1987

353

1988

468

Webster

1987

39

1988

16

Wheeler

1987

40

1988

51

White

1987

211

1988

291

Whitfield

1987 3,619

1988 4,215

Wilcox

1987

53

1988

70

Wilkes

1987

259

1988

266

Wilkinson

1987

121

1988

146

Worth

1987

478

1988

584

Motor

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Then

Arson

Table 41A - Continued

County State

Index Crimes

Motor

Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Tbeft

Arson

Total 1987 358,842 36,273 322,569

719 2,879 13,222 19,453 94,955 192,755 33,785 1,074

Table 41B

County
Appling 1987 1988 Atkinson 1987 1988 Bacon 1987 1988 Baker 1987 1988 Baldwin 1987 1988 Banks 1987 1988 Barrow 1987 1988
Bartow 1987 1988 Ben Hill 1987 1988 Berrien 1987 1988 Bibb 1987 1988 Bleckley 1987 1988 Brantley 1987 1988 Brooks 1987 1988 Bryan 1987 1988 Bulloch 1987 1988

- COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, NON INDEX CRIMES, 1987 1988

NON-
INDEX
Crimes

Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit

Other

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex

Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense

109 145
5 2
78 86
1 0
361 398
7 5
236 289
303 381
185 259
113 77
73 1 2,435
18 33
50 63
11 46
62 121
316 355

Narcotic Drug Laws

Table 41B - Continued

County
Appling 1987 1988 Atkinson 1987 1988 Bacon 1987 1988 Baker 1987 1988 Baldwin 1987 1988 Banks 1987 1988 Barrow 1987 1988 Bartow 1987 1988 Ben Hill 1987 1988 Berrien 1987 1988 Bibb 1987 1988 Bleckley 1987 1988 Brantley 1987 1988 Brooks 1987 1988 Bryan 1987 1988 Bulloch 1987 1988

Gambling

- COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, NON INDEX CRIMES, 1987 1988

-

-

Family

Offense

DUI

L~quor

Public

Other

Curfew1

Laws DrunkennessDisturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering

--
Runaway

0

7

102

0

0

0

0

3

102

0

0

12

0

0

18

0

0

0

0

0

21

0

0

0

0

2

35

0

0

0

0

1

81

3

0

1

0

0

12

0

0

0

0

0

15

0

0

0

0

18

560

13

0

25

571

35

0

0

0

103

0

0

5 1

1

0

0

0

1

61

0

0

0

1

16

343

9

0

0

1

35

403

0

0

55

0

1

197

4

0

0

0

4

388

18

0

25

9

7

206

8

3

23

134

3 1

0

0

0

5 1

0

4

102

4

0

0

0

3

132

7

0

25

8

189

918

134

206

0

17

257

998

92

171 1,213

0

3

80

0

0

0

0

6

47

0

0

13

1

0

117

1

0

0

0

0

111

0

0

10

6

1

8 1

5

0

0

0

0

79

5

0

62

0

14

116

0

0

0

1

13

113

6

I)

39

1

0

313

4

0

0

0

4

285

30

0

24

0

41

0

46

0

5

0

12

0

64

0

56

0

0

0

1

0

362

0

317

0

4

0

2

0

143

0

64

0

53

0

71

0

102

0

90

0

34

0

43

38 4,827 38 3,884

0

14

0

14

0

21

0

24

0

64

0

37

0

60

0

73

0

208

0

204

0

7

0

8

0

0

0

0

0

3

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

13

1

17

0

0

0

0

0

11

2

7

0

3

0

9

0

6

0

4

0

2

1

8

0

128

83

203

0

4

0

1

0

3

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

8

4

19

0

6

4

10

Table 41B - Continued

County

NON INDEX Crimes

Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit

Other Narcotic

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex , Drug

Fraud Embevlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense

Laws

Burke 1987 1988 Butts 1987 1988 Calhoun 1987 1988 Camden 1987 1988 Candler 1987 1988 Carroll 1987 1988 Catoosa 1987 1988 Charlton 1987 1988

501 410
432 386
156 m3
1377 1,473
20 42
2,940 3,574
1,378 1,971
319 329

Chatham

1987 30,861

1988 31,422

Chattahoochee

1987

100

1988

86

Chattooga

1987

728

1988

724

Cherokee

1987

3,641

1988

3,282

Clarke

1987

2,439

1988

2,294

Clay

1987

29

1988

39

Clayton

1987

8,277

1988 11,476

Clinch

1987

32

1988

33

Table 41B - Continued

County

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew/

Gambling Offense

DUI

Laws DrunliennessDisturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

Burke

1987

0

1988

0

Butts

1987

0

1988

0

Calhoun

1987

0

1988

1

Camden

1987

0

1988

0

Candler

1987

0

1988

0

Carroll

1987

1

1988

1

Catoosa

1987

0

1988

0

Charlton

1987

0

1988

0

Chatham

1987

19

1988

9

Chattahoochee

1987

0

1988

0

Chattooga

1987

0

1988

0

Cherokee

1987

1

1988

0

Clarke

1987

6

1988

0

Clay

1987

0

1988

1

Clayton

1987

8

1988

1

Clinch

1987

0

1988

0

Table 41B - Continued

County

NON INDEX Crimes

Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit

Other

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex

Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm.Vice Offense

Narcotic
LDarwusg

Cobb

1987 15,422

1988 24,184

Coffee

1987

1,444

1988

1,709

Colquitt

1987

1,172

1988

985

Columbia

1987

1,619

1988

1,709

Cook

1987

1,196

1988

848

Coweta

1987

1,618

1988

1,463

Crawford

1987

154

1988

164

Crisp

1987

1,119

1988

1,537

Dade

1987

601

1988

555

Dawson

1987

452

1988

453

Decatur

1987

675

1988

800

Dekalb

1987 21,793

1988 28,689

Dodge

1987

241

1988

214

Dooly

1987

205

1988

259

Dougherty

1987

8,019

1988 ' 8,253

Douglas

1987

3,541

1988

3,588

Table 41B - Continued

County

Family

Gambling Offense

DUI

Cobb 1987 1988 Coffee 1987 1988 Colquitt 1987 1988 Columbia 1987 1988 Cook 1987 1988 Coweta 1987 1988 Crawford 1987 1988 Crisp 1987 1988
Dade 1987 1988 Dawson 1987 1988 Decatur 1987 1988 Dekalb 1987 1988 Dodge 1987 1988 Dooly 1987 1988 Dougherty 1987 1988 Douglas 1987 1988

Liquor

Public

Other

Curfew1

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

Table 418 - Continued

County

NON
INDEX
Crimes

Early

1987

368

1988

350

Echols

1987

1

1988

5

Effiam

1987

551

1988

889

Elbert

1987

784

1988

932

Emanuel

1987

3%

1988

428

Evans

1987

132

1988

118

Fannin

1987

254

1988

343

Fayette

1987 1,848

1988 2,216

Floyd

1987 2,857

1988 3,099

Forsyth

1987 1,045

1988 1,263

Franklin

1987

478

1988

611

Fulton

1987 63,799

1988 69,382

Gilmer

1987

330

1988

372

Glascock

1987

4

1988

1

Glynn

1987 3,619

1988 5,300

Gordon

1987 1,386

1988

1,248

Other POWV/ Assaults Counterfeit

Stolen Fraud Embezzlement Property

Vandalism

Weapons Prostitution/ Violation Comm. Vice

Other Narcotic

- Sex
Offense

Drug
Laws

Table 41B - Continued

County

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew/

Gambling Offense

DUI

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense bitering Runrwrg

Early 1987 1988 Echols 1987 1988 Effingham 1987 1988 Elbert 1987 1988 Emanuel 1987 1988 Evans 1987 1988 Fannin 1987 1988 Fayette 1987 1988
Floyd 1987 1988 Forsyth 1987 1988 Franklin 1987 1988 Fulton 1987 1988 Gilmer 1987 1988 Glascock 1987 1988 Glynn 1987 1988 Gordon 1987 1988

Table 4JB - Continued

County

NON
INDEX
Crimes

Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit

Other

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution/ Sex

Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm.Vice Offense

Narcotic
LDarwusg

Grady

1987

487

1988

686

Greene

1987

244

1988

253

Gwinnett

1987 12,727

1988 14,217

Habersham

1987

390

1988

376

Hall

1987

3,745

1988

4,026

Hancock

1987

127

1988

108

Haralson

1987

650

1988

748

Harris

1987

323

1988

327

Hart

1987

306

1988

392

Heard

1987

95

1988

69

Henry

1987

1,939

1988

1,993

Houston

1987

4,353

1988

5,733

Irwin

1987

137

1988

228

Jackson

1987

829

1988

1,069

Jasper

1987

85

1988

94

Jeff Davis

1987

214

1988

249

County

Family

Gambling Offense

DUI

Grady 1987 1988 Greene 1987 1988 Gwinnett 1987 1988 Habersham 1987 1988 Hall 1987 1988 Hancock 1987 1988 Haralson 1987 1988 Harris 1987

1988

0

Hart

1987

0

1988

0

Heard

1987

0

1988

0

Henry

1987

9

1988

0

Houston

1987

0

1988

1

Irwin

1987

0

1988

0

Jackson

1987

0

1988

0

Jasper

1987

0

1988

0

Jeff Davis

1987

0

1988

0

Liquor

Public

Other

Curfew/

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

Table 41B - Continued

County

NON
INDEX
Crimes

Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit

Other

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution/ Sex

Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense

Narcotic gur''
Laws

Jefferson 1987 1988 Jenkins 1987 1988 Johnson 1987 1988 Jonts 1987 1988 Lamar 1987 1988 Lanier 1987 1988 Lawens 1987 1988 Lee 1987
1988 Liberty 1987 1988 Lincoln 1987 1988
Long 1987 1988 Lowndes 1987 1988 Lumpkin 1987 1988 McDuffie 1987 1988 McIntosh 1987 1988 Macon 1987 1988

Table 41B - Continued

County

Family

Gambling Offense

DUX

Jefferson 1987 1988 Jenkins 1987 1988 Johnson 1987 1988 Jones 1987 1988 Lamar 1987 1988 Lanier 1987 1988 Laurens 1987 1988 Lee 1987
1988 Liberty 1987 1988 Lincoln 1987 1988
Long 1987 1988 Lowndes 1987 1988 Lumpkin 1987 1988 McDuffie 1987 1988 McIntosh 1987 1988 Macon 1987 1988

Liquor

Public

Other

Cuffml

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering R u m

- Table 41B Continued

County

NON INDEX Crimes

Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit

Other

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution/ Sex

Fraud Cnibezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense

Narcotic Drug Laws

Madison

1987

162

1988

149

Marion

1987

106

1988

71

Meriwether

1987

234

1988

249

Miller

1987

99

1988

39

Mitchell

1987

720

1988

783

Monroe

1987

976

1988

1,189

Montgomery

1987

48

1988

95

Morgan

1987

123

1988

226

Murray

1987

712

1988

591

Muscogee

1987 14,706

1988 14,519 Newton

1987

1,438

1988 Oconee 1987

1,717 88

1988

91

Oglethorpe

1987

109

1988

147

Paulding

1987

939

1988 Peach

1,208

1987

386

1988

387

Pickens

1987

114

1988

176

Table 41B - Continued

County

Family

Gambling Offense

DUI

Madison

1987

0

1988

0

Marion

1987

0

1988

0

Meriwether

1987

0

1988

0

Miller

1987

0

1988

0

Mitchell

1987

0

1988

0

Monroe

1987

3

1988

0

Montgomery

1987

0

1988

5

Morgan

1987

0

1988

0

Murray

1987

0

1988

0

Muscogee

1987

9

1988

1

Newton

1987

0

1988

0

Oconee

1987

0

1988

0

Oglethorpe

1987

0

1988

0

Paulding

1987

0

1988

0

Peach

1987

1

1988

0

Pickens

1987

0

1988

0

Liquor

Public

Other

Curfew/

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

Table 41B - Continued

County

NON INDEX
Crimes

Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit

Other

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution/ Sex

Fraud Embezzlement Prowrtv Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense

-
Narcoti 'rug
Laws

Pierce

1W

310

198%

320

Pie

1W

169

1988

136

Polk

1987

713

1988

734

Pul%ski

1987

289

1988

382

Putnam

1987

197

1988

233

Quitman

1987

6

1988

2

Rabun

1987

255

1988

315

Randolph

1987

81

1988

U7

Richmond

1987

7,647

1988 9,354

Rockdalc 1987 3,035

1988 3,029 Schley

1987

54

J.988

38

Screven

1987

318

1988

335

Seminole

1W

318

1988

342

spalw 1987 3,062

19aa 3,253 Stephens

1987

509

1988

586

Stewart

1987

125

1988

157

- Table 41B Continued

County

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew/

Gambling Offense

DUI

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance vagrancy Offern loiter in^

Pierce 1987 1988 Pie 1987 1988 Polk 1987 1988 Pulaski 1987 1988 Putnam 1987 1988 Quitman 1987 1988 Rabun 1987 1988 Randolph
1987 1988 Richmond 1987 1988 Rockdale 1w 1988 Schley 1987 1988 Screven 1987 1988 Seminole 1987 1988 Spalding 1987 1988 Stephens 1987 1988 Stewart 1987 1988

Table 41B - Continued

County

NON
INDEX
Climes

Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit

Other

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex

Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense

Narcotic ""Ug Lffws

Sumter

1987 1,m

1988 1,886

Talbot

1987

69

1988

26

Taliaferro

1987

6

1988

24

Tattnall

1987

275

1988

220

Taylor

1987

155

1988

149

Telfair

1987

170

1988

170

Terrell

1987

209

1988

262

Thomas

1987 1,219

1988 1,466

Ti

1987 1988 Toombs 1987 1988 Towns 1987 1988 Treutlen 1987 1988 Troup 1987 1988 Turner 1987 1988

5882 3,488
518 661
93
%
128 209
4,649 4,939
132 146

~29

1987

55

1988

35

Union

1987

127

1988

129

Table 418 - Continued

County

Family

Gambling Offense

DUI

Sumter

1987

0

1988

1

Talbot

1987

0

1988

0

Taliaferro

1987

0

1988

0

Tattnall

1987

0

1988

0

Taylor

1987

0

1988

0

Telfair

1987

0

1988

0

Terrell

1987

0

1988

0

Thomas

1987

0

1988

1

Tift

1987

2

1988

8

Toombs

1987

0

1988

0

Towns

1987

0

1988

0

Treutlen

1987

0

1988

0

Troup

1987

13

1988

6

Turner

1987

0

1988

0

Twk3Y

1987

0

1988

0

Union

1987

0

1988

0

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew/

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Run-

Table 41B - Continued

County

NON INDEX Crimes

Other Porgcxyl Assaults Counterfeit

Stolen

Other Weapons Prostitution1 Sex

Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense

upson

1987

525

75

10

10

4

2

153

0

l988

717 106

26

22

6

1 205

5

Walker

1987

1,4n

116

28

18

8

0

436

0

1988 1,634 1%

46

18

7

7

515

10

Walton

EX7

786

26

47

16

4

3

176

0

1 W 1007

37

67

16

6

4

216

2

Ware

1987 1,920

269

125

42

37

7

319

0

1988

2,279

341

226

55

40

12 502

14

Warren

1987

2

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1988

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Washington

1987

693

85

57

157

4

2

62

0

1988

726

80

67 195

8

5

55

5

Wayne

1987

295

11

5

2

3

6

48

0

1988

424

12

8

4

0

3

107

3

Webster

1987

36

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

1988

37

2

0

2

0

0

1

0

Wheeler

1987

162

2

0

5

2

1

2

0

1988

163

11

1

13

0

1

7

1

White

1987

275

7

8

11

0

0

52

0

1988

426

11

6

2

0

0

68

4

Whitfield

1987

3,972

375

183

605

41

15 734

0

1988

5,055

674

220

669

45

11

730

24

Wilcox

1987

65

11

3

2

0

0

5

0

1988

100

4

1

1

0

2

3

0

Wilkes

1987

297

34

26

33

2

0

30

0

1988

334

43

7

96

5

2

46

2

Wion

1987

94

6

0

1

0

0

27

0

1988

1l3

10

0

0

1

0

42

0

Worth

1987

269

7

55

7

4

1

21

0

1988

454

24

93

7

8

4

66

7

1

6

0

l3

0 n

0

53

0

5

0

9

0

22

1

37

0

0

0

0

0

22

0

3

0

3

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

3

1

88

0

109

0

0

0

5

0

3

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

3

0

2

Table 41B - Continued

County

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew1

Gambling Offense

DUI

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy O f f e w Loitering R u m

Upson 1987 1988 Walker 1987 1988 Walton 1987 1988 Ware 1987 1988 Warren 1987 1988 Washington 1987 1988 Wayne 1987 1988 Webster 1987
1988 Wheeler 1987 1988 White 1987 1988 Whitfield 1987 1988 Wilcox 1987 1988 Wilkes 1987 1988 Wilkinson 1987 1988 Worth 1987 1988

Table 41B - Continued

County

NON
INDEX
Crimes

Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit

Stolen

Other Weapons Prostitution/ Sex

Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation ~ornrnV. ice Offense

Namti, Dmg
Laws

State

Agency

W

7,433

42

129

42

13

34

30

0

1W3 13,424

70

136

73

9

131

45

181

1

12.5 1,827

1

134 5793

Total W 317,?71 39,759 10,500 13,458
E M 367,991 49,214 12,600 15,743

2,657 2,819

2,261 50,299 3,089 60,478

4,813

1,041 573

5,314 16,250 5,915 21,986

County
State
Agency 1987 1988
Total 1987 1988

Family

Gambling Offense

DUI

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew/

Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runnay

19

36 4,809

189

0

0

14

30 8,280

80

0

6

282 4,372 62,724 5,102 3,830

0

181 5,554 66,033 5,148 3,445 34,088

0

134

0 1,421

74 94,986 43 69,021

0

3

4

16

0 4,862 680 6 s

Weapons Violation, Public Disturbance and Curfewwere reported as Other Offense during 1987. Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

LAW ENFORCEMENTEMPLOYEES
Profiles of the current law enforcement employee workforce arc based on reports submitted to the Georgia CrimeInformationCenter at the end of 1988.Countytotals arc based upon a compilation of the submitting agencies' employment 6gurcs.
For comparative purposes, a law enforcement employee rate (employeesper 100,000persons)was calculated.Cam-

den County topped the rankings with 760 employees per 100,000persons, well above the state average of 206. Care should be exercised in making detailed comparisons. However, these figures may be useful in making general manpower assessments.
Note: Data on file at the Georgia Criminal Justice CoordinatingCouncilreflectstheemployment of 17,1% certified officers by Georgia law enforcement agencies. Tables 42 and 43 reflect only the data reported to GCIC in Annual Reports of Law EnforcementAgency Employees.

Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks
Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay
Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans

Table 42

FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES, 1988

Sworn Officers Male Female

Civilian Male Female

Total Male Female

Grand Total

EeaPh-k lOOp0 Persou

F8nnisl
w Fryctte
Faryth Pnnlrtin Pfllton
Gamer
OlrsoocL
Glpn Gordon
Ondy
GrcGlle Gwinnett Habergham
Hall HPlrcock
Huh
Harris
Hart Hwd
Henry Hou6toa Irwin Jeckson
Jasper J& Davis Jefferson Jcnlrins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens
Lcc
Lincoln
Long Lowndes Lumpkin McDufEe Mclntosh Macon Madison Marion Meriwether MiUer Mitchell Monroe Montgomery
Murray
MU=iFe Newton Oconee
Oglethorpe

Table 42 - Continued

Sworn Omam lWale Female

Civilian Male Female

Total Male Female

Grand Total

Employees Per 100,000 Persona

Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens :*-wart
Sumter Talbot Tahaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Ti Toombs
Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Uhitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wion Worth
State Agency
Total

- Table 42 Continued

Sworn Olficers Male Female

Civilian Male Female

Total Male Female

Grand
Total

EmPb-hr
10%- E'aWM

8,952 1,130

952 2,227

9,610 3,290

12-

206

Table 43

RANKING OF COUNTIES BY FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1988

-ty
CMden Bddwin ILbun Emuluel
~Chrt~brm
Wnn DouLberty Heny wrlton
L-e
RaetQk
Sprldw Tmutkn cQrfct
Tm* Byrn Tift
wuc
bier Water Stewut
J.rper Richmond Polk Seminole Ben Hill
UP
Randolph White Codr Pukki Butts IAurCns Pikens Macon
Evans Liberty
lnvin Whitfield aarlte Bcrrien Pulton Jackson Cslhoun aurlton Bacon Sumter
Po*
Cwta Chattoop Meriwtther Stephens

Law &forcement Employees Per 100,000 Pemns

County

Law Enforcement Employees Per 100,000Persons

Catom Bulloch DeKBlb Clayton Lamar
Gral-5' Franklin Hart Columbia McIntosh Habersham Wilcox Terrcll Harris Jefferson Haralson Cobb Gwinnett Monroe Lowndes Worth Crawford Wheeler Pierce Effingham Carroll Crisp Jeff Davis Atkinson
no~d DooV Jones Tattnall Jenkins Newton Miller Wilkinson Colquitt Twiggs Montgomery Pike Brooks
Wayne Dade Hancock Hall Oglethorpe Telfair Marion Schley Gilmer
Clay Taliafem

County

Law Enforcement Employees Per 100,000Persons

Morgan Toombs Bleckley
Lce
Taylor Bibb Towns Fannin Gordon Union Burke Muscogee Turner Thomas Scmen Brantlcy Elbert Johnson Clinch
Dodge Mitchell McDuffie Cherokee Lumpkin Walker Appling Paulding Murray Fayctte Chattahoochee Douglas Houston Oconee Bartow Decatur
Early Talbot Candler Madison Barn Echols Dawson Peach Banks Washington Baker Heard Wilkes Warren Glascock Lincoln Putnam Quitman

The Georgia Bureau of Investigationjoins the criminaljustice communityof the state of Georgia in extending sincere sympathy to the families of the
j followin law enforcement officers who ave their lives while protecting and
servingt%e citizens of their community uring 1988.
GREGORY L. DAVIS, OFFICER Atlanta Bureau of Police Services Shot by a suspect while answering a prowling call.
HERBERT LEE EVANS, JR., PRIVATE Augusta Police Department
Accidently shot by a fellow officer.
ROBERT M. (BOB) KIRK, SPECIALAGENT Georgia Bureau of Investigation
Shot with a handgun while attempting to question a suspect.
DOREEN E. McCUMBERS, SENIOR PATROL OFFICER Chatham County Police Department
Struck by a vehicle while directing traffic.

OFRICERS KILLED AND ASSAULTED
Strthbicscompiledin Table 44 are taken from reports submitttdto theGwrgiaCrimeInformationCenter by Iaw en-
facement &
- The most serious assaults committed against officers
rcdkdH21death8duringtheperiod 1984 1988.The five par tread shows a peak of 6 deaths in 1986, followed by a
- rbarpdtairuein 1981.The1988total is again more consis-
teat with thcyurs l984 2386.
Ycdydmgcsin thetotalnumber of officers assaulted has remainedfairlyconsistentshowingan increaseof only 6.0% dur* the fiveyuu period. Changes in the individual type
ddtiesthat define assaultson lawenforcement officers
rrt 8sdasthea&ties themselves.They have not folbmdtherunepatternasthe totalnumber over the last five

years. However, the ranking of adivities by the number of assaultsoccurringhas remained fairlyconstant. In 1988,"attemptingother arrests"resulted in thehighest number of assaults, but in 1987the category of "allothers"was reported for most of the assaults.
Another area of interest is the type of weapon used during assaults. In contrast to the weapon types most frequently used in the commission of aggravated assaults (See F w e 6B), officerswere most frequentlyassaultedby hands, fsts or feet.
The number of reported personal injuries sustained by law enforcement personnel during assaults over the five year period increased from 1984-1987but decreased in 1988. Most of the injuries were sustained between the hours of 6:OO p.m. and 6:00 a.m.

- REPOR'IXD LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLEDAND ASSAULTED,1984 1988

NUMBER OF OFFICERS KILLED
OFFICERS ASSAULTED
Type of activity Attempting,otherarrests Responding to disturbance calls Trafficpursuits and other stops Handling, transporting and custody
All others
Yearly total
Type of weapon Firearm Knife or cutting instrument Other dangerous weapons Hands, fist or feet
Yearly total
wv
Officers with personal injuries Officers without personal injuries
Yearly total
Type of assignment Alone Assisted
Yearly total
Time of Assaults Daytime(6:OO a.m.-6:00p.m.) Nighttime(600 p.m.-600 a.m.)
Yearly total
Total number cleared
Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

5
351 213 68 144 325 1,lOl
1,101 332 769
1,101
1,101 329 772
1,101 1,051

4
334
203 85
141 330 1,093
1,093 327 766
1,093
1,093 278 8l5
1,093 1,011

6
357 201 111 107 336 1,112
1,112 310 802
1,112
1,112 286 826
1,112 1,025

2

4

375 299 165 125 416
190

381 305 123 83 372
1-

130
460
!I20 1,380

I*
389 875 1,264

130
374 &006 1,380 1,199

1464
431 833 1$&1 1,114

Figure 22A

CUN ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED
FlVE YEAR TREND

NUMBER REPORTED 7

8 --

6

4

a--
2 --
1 --

A.

I

I

I

I

B

I

I

1086

1086

1087

1088

YEAR

LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ASSAULTED
FlVE YEAR TREND

NUMBER REPORTED 1,400

I,=--

1m--
- - 1,260
1,200 --

1,160-1,101
1,100

1,083

1,OM)--
1,000 lW4

I
I
1086

I I
1086
YEAR

I I
1087

1088

PROFILE OF TRAFFIC FATALITIES
Comprehensive data on traffic fatalities are available from the Georgia Department of Public Safety Accident Reporting data base. Figures indicate that in 1988 more traffic fatalities occurred than in any of the previous four years. Total fatalities increased by 250 over 1984 figures, while DUI related fatalities decreased by 17.
The effect of alcohol use while driving has received much media attention in recent years. Tables 45 and 46 provide

data on fatal accidentsand fatalitics causedby DUX (btood alcohol content of .10or greater).
Additional data are provided for fatalities by month, bcation and type (Table 47) and holiday t r a c deaths in l987 and 1988 (Table 48). Holiday t r a c deaths normally account for a large proportion of deaths on our highways. In 1988,Thanksgiving was the most costly with a total of 33
fatalitiesin 102hours.

Figure 23
TRAFFIC FATALITIES 1984-1988
NUMBER REPORTED
dA1 1,800

1984

1985

1986 YEAR

1987

1988

TRAFFIC FATALITIES BY MONTH 1988
NUMBER REPORTED
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MONTH

Table 45
- FATALACCIDENTS* INVOLVING DUI, 1984 1988

Total Fatal Accidents
DUI Related Fatal Accidents
% of Fatal Accidents - DUI Related

1984
1,2fjO
452 35.9%

1985
1,224 369
30.1%

Accidents involvingdriver,passengers, pedestrians,pedalcylist with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .10 or above.

Source: Department of Public Safety

1986
1,387 478
34.5%

1987
1,446 426
295%

1988
1,493 429
28.7%

Table 46
- FATALITIES* INVOLVING DUI, 1984 1988

Total Fatalities DUI Related Fatalities
- % of Fatalities DUI Related

1,410 515
36.5%

1,362 424
31.1%

*

The actual number of persons killed in accidents involving

the driver,passengers,pedestrians,pedalcyclistwith Blood

Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .10 or above.

192 539
35.0%

1,604 479
29.9%

1,660 498
30.0%

Table 47
- TRAFFIC FATALITIES BY MONTH, LOCATION, & TYPE 1987 1988

Moath

Rural 1987 1988

Urban 1987 1988

Total 1987 1988

Pedestrian 1987 1988

Motorcycle 1987 1988

Other Vehicles 1987 1988

Total 1987 1988

J~UPY Pebnurg
Mmuch
M.g June
J*
Au-
Septemat Ocrobtr November
December

92 107
68 95 95 101
97 135 124 113 124 112
104 134 117 lQ5 132 94 100 99 127 127 114 134

Total So-

l a 1Deputment ofPublic Safety

20 28 16 27 25 22 22 28 29 25 28 22 21 17 30 22 13 23 43 28 34 37 29 25
310 304

112 135 84 122 120 123 119 163 153 138 152 134 125 151 147 127 145 117 143 127 161 164 143 159
1,604 1,660

15 25 14 18 26 18 12 18 19 19 22 11 15 12 16 18 15 17 16 26 28 21 19 23
217 226

2 1 4 0 3 6 6 6 4 7 15 6 2 10 5 7 4 1 7 3 4 5 5 5
61 57

95 109 66 104 91 99 101 139 130 112 115 117 108 129 126 102 126 99 120 98 129 138 119 131
1,326 1,377

112 135 84 122 120 123
119 163 153 138 152 134 125 151 147 127 145 117 143 127 161 164 143 159
1,604 1,660

Holiday

Table 48

- HOLIDAY TRAFFIC TOLL, 1987 1988

Accidents 1987 1988

Injuries 1987 1988

Fatalities 1987 1988

Memorial Day Fourth of July Labor Day
WVk!
Christmas
New Years

1,678 1,915
2,160
5560
2302
2,331

1,552 1,6% 2,314 2,349 1332 1,852

Total

13,146 11,345

- 1987 One fatality every5.1 holiday hours.
- 1988 One fatality every45holiday hours.

Source: Department of Public Safety

725 691 829 738 888 833
9,919 940 938 691
731 655
14,030 4,548

22

13

12 11

24 16

13 33

17 22

17 13

105 10s

Hours 1987 1988
78 78 78 78 78 78 102 102 102 78 102 78
540 492

GEORGIA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
The Georgia Bureau of Investigation was created in 1937. The initial charter authorized the establishment of a State Bureau of Identification to maintain fingerprint and e a l history information and the employment of individualstrained as e a l investigatorsto assist local law enforcement officers throughout the State. Today, the G.B.I. provides a wide variety of law enforcement services statewide, with sufficient flexibiity to adapt to changing crime patterns and needs of the law enforcement community in this State and in neighboring states.
The GBI has four operating divisions:
This division is charged with conducting investigations at the request of Superior Court Judges, District Attorneys, Chiefs of Police, Sheriffs,or at the direction of the Governor into violations of State laws. The division is heavily involved in the investigation of drug traffic and organized crime, in addition to ,its work with local law enforcement agencies in the invesbgation of traditional crimes, such as robbery, burglary, homicide, etc. The division is headed by a G.B.I. Deputy Director and is divided into three main sections: Special Operations, consisting of specialized squads basedin Atlanta;Field Operations,consistingof 13regional offices; and the Drug Enforcement Section consisting of four Regional Drug Enforcement Offices and specialized squads based in Atlanta.

manages the statewide communications network Prad by criminaljustice agencies throughout the state andbthe interface with the National Crime Information Center.
Reportsof criminalinvestigationsandaimcsareforwaded totheGeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter.GCICa m ~ c r s enable law enforcement agencies to check fa c a m i d reports on suspects, check far stokn items, such as guns, equipment, motor vehicles, etc., and to transmit lodrouts
and other important messagesfrom agency to agencyor to all agencies quickly.
GCICassistsboth stateand locallawenforcementagencies in ongoing criminal investigations by developing sUI)pact lists through accessto computerizedcsiminaljustice data.
During fiscal year 1990, GCIC will fully implement the Georgia Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). AFIS technology will permit experts to search single latent fingerprints found at crime scenes against the master fingerprint file which contains all fingerprint and criminal history information for known criminal offenders in Georgia.
. . . . The Division of Forensic Sciencesprovides support for all
law enforcement agencies in the areas of tmmd&m, serology, drug identification, questioned documents, pathology, fuearms identification, latent prints, implied consent, and toxicology. The division has branch laboratories in Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Moultrie, and Savannah.

TheGeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter maintainsthe computerized repository of criminal history information, and The Administrative Division m e s inand, logistic,
and personnel support services for the entire Bureau.

Table 49

- GEORGIA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION PRODUCTIVITYDATA 1988

INVBSnGATZVEDlVISION

p p - - -

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

GEORGIA CRIMEINFORMATION CENITX

DMSION OF

PORENSIC SCIENCES

Value of Stden
m=*-

5,331 4,041
9372
3,794 4,m
~,on,974 SWS29216

Criminal Justice Agency Audits Completed Terminal Operators Certified/Recertified
Actii Mainframe ComputerPrograms ProgramlSystem Developments & Modifications Fingerprint Processing Time (Days)
CriminalFingerprintCards Processed Civil Fingerprint Cards Processed CCH Records InitiatedtUpdated CCH Records Disseminated UCR Reports Received Blank Forms Distributed State/Local Agency Assistance Projects TrainingHours Presented Personnel Trained CJIS Network Transactions TerminalResponse%me (Seconds)

Number of Cases:

Atlanta Savannah Columbus Augusta Moultrie Macon

51,154 5,658 5,175 4,352 5,490 5,098

Total

76,927

Court Appearances:

Hours ported

8,078

Crime Scene Processed:

Hours reported

781

l j p a of Cases: Pathology Handwiting Criminalistics Serology Drug ID Taxicology Latent Prints Implied consent Non-Lab

Number oE Autopsies

Perfonned:

830

11 COURTS

The judicial powers of the State of Georgia are vested exclusively in seven classes of courts: magistrate, probate, juvenile, state, superior, the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. The magistrate, probate, juvenile and state courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. Additionally, the Constitution provides that the General Assembly may establish or authorize the establishment of municipal courts which have jurisdiction over ordinance violations and other offenses as may be provided by law. The courts of Georgia comprise a ded judicial system,
Superior Courts
Thesuperiorcourt isGeorgia's courtof generaljurisdiction, having exclusive jurisdiction over felony cases and cases involving divorce, equity, and questions of land title. With the exceptionof certain probate andjuvenile matters,the-superior courts exercise concurrent jurisdiction in other cases with the limited jurisdiction courts located in the same county or circuit. Each of the state's 159 counties has a superior court, such courts being organized by single or multiple county judicial circuits. Currently there are 137 superior court judges serving in 45 circuits divided into ten administrative districts, with an Administrative Judge and Court Administrator for each. Prosecution of cases before a superior court is conducted by a Distxict Attorney elected on a circuit-wide basis.
State Courts
Statecourtsexercisejurisdiction over trials of misdemeanor criminal cases and have general civil jurisdiction over the trial of all general civil actions, regardless of the amount claimed, unless exclusive jurisdiction is vested in the superior courts. The state courts' jurisdiction also includes hearing applications for and issuing search and arrest warrants, holding courts of inquiry and punishing contempts by fine and/or imprisonment. As of July 1, 1988, 63 state courts operatedin 62counties (Cherokeeand Forsythcountiesare served by one court). Of the 86 judges presiding, 36 were full time statecourtjudges; 2 were full time associatejudges and 48 served part time. Prosecution of cases before a state court is conducted by a Solicitor elected on a county-wide basis.
Probate Courts
The probate courts exercise jurisdiction in the probate of wills, administration of estates, appointment of guardians and the involuntary hospitalization of incapacitated adults and other dependentindividuals.Other dutiesforwhich the probate judges may be responsible, depending on the particular county, include holding habeas corpus hearings, acting as a court of inquiry, hearing traffic cases, and trying violations of stategame and fishlaws.There are 159probate judges, each serving a single county.

Juvenile Courts
Juvenile courts have exclusive otiginaljurisdiction in cam
involving delinquent children alleged to have committed noncapital offenses, uuruly children under the age of 17,
deprived children under the age of 18,and juvenile traftic
offenders under the age of 16. With the exception of the juvenile court judge in Floyd County, who is an elected official,juvenile court judges are generally appointed for six year terms by their counties' superior court judges. As of July 1,1988, there were 11full time juvenile court judges and40part timejudges servingthestate's62 wuntieshaving separatejuvenile courts. Where no separatejuvenile court hasbeen established, ajudge of the superiorcourt servesas judge of the juvenile court.
Magistrate Courts
The 1983 Constitution of the State of Georgia established magistrate courts to replacejustice of the peace courts and small claims courts. A magistrate court exists in each cuunty of the state and serves as a court of limited j u r i s d i h . They serve as courts of inquiry, may issue arrest and search warrants, try violations of county ordinances, punish for contempt, and grant bail i~ all cases where the granting of bail is not exclusivelycommitted to some other court or of-
ficer.As of July 1,1988therewere 159chief magistrates and 267 magistrates: 36 also serve probate, juvenile, civil or
municipal courts.
Court of Appeals
The Court of Appeals has appellatejurisdiction in all cases where exclusivejurisdiction does not rest with the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals is composed of nine judges
and is divided into three panels of three judges each. The
Court of Appeals is autho+ed to correct errorsin caseson appealexcept where the SupremeCourthas exclusivejurisdiction. Examples of cases appealableto the Court of Appeals include claimsfor damages,criminal cases other than
capital felonies, and compensation and insurance daimn
Caseloaddata are collectedby the Court on an annualbesis and include numbers of casesdocketed; however, the numbers do not provide data on specificcriminal appeals.
Supreme Court
TheSupremeCourt of Georgiahas sevenjustices, whoelect one of their number to be the Chief Justice. The Supreme Court is the final court of review in the State and has exclusiveappellatejurisdictionin constitutionalquestbnsand contests. It has appellate jurisdiction in all habeas -us cases, and all cases in which a sentence of death was rmposed or could be imposed. It also has jurisdidion over a variety of civil matters.

Courts Data
The Administrative Office of the Courts, an arm of the Supreme Court and the staff of the Judicial Council of Georgia, collects, processes and maintains caseload information on the principal courts of the state. The data are critical in making decisions concerning the creation of judgeships and the boundaries of existingjudicial circuits. Caseload data are collectedby the Administrative Office of

the Courts for the superior, state, probate, juvenile, and magistratecourts. The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals collect their own caseload data. With few exceptions, data collected and compiled for the courts reflect only workload factors and do not readily allow qualitative analysis of the functions of the courts.
Note: In 1985AOC began compiling statistics according to calendar year. Some tables reflect this change.

Georgia Judicial Administrative Districts

Figure 25

JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF GEORGIA

GEORGIA
- JUDICIAL DISTRICTS CIRCUIT BOUNDARY

COUNTY BOUNOARV
0 rnl1.s

--
50

Figure 26

Superior Courts
FYI983
5year trend: Total filingsl dispositions

FYI984

CY1985

CY1986 CY1987

213,519

--215*544
2,974

225,000 2c'@000

175,000

5year trend: civil filingsl dispositions

100.000

5-year trend:
criminal filings1 dispositions

71,441

71 463

_-----

68 643

70,000

60,000

50,000

5-year trend: average per judge, total filingsldispositions

1,541

1;549 ,,./'?
1 487

1,600 1,500 1,400

Filings
Dispositions -.

FYI983 FYI984 CY1985 CY1986 CY1987

CY 1987Superior Court Caselmd(Dockot.ntrkr)

Circuit
Alapaha Alcovy Appalachian
Atlanta Atlantic Augusta
Blue Ridge Brunswick Chattahoochee
Cherokee Clayton Cobb
Conasauga Cordeie Coweta
Dougherty Doualas ~ubin
Eastern Fllnt Griffin
Gwinnett Houston Lookout Mountain
Macon Middle Mountain
Northeastern Northern Ocmuigee
Oconee Ogeechee Pataula
Piedmont Rockdale Rome
South Georgia Southern Southwestern
Stone Mountain Talla~oosa ~lfton
Toombs Waycross Western
TOTALS AVERAGE PER JUDGE'

Total

Criminal

Felony

Misdemeanor

Filed

Dis~osed Filed

Dls~osed Filed

Disposed

3,388 2,566
839

3.188 2,146
782

1,142 961 245

875

2,246

875

1,605

226

594

2,313 1,271
556

7,577 1.935 1;663

7,166 1,870 1,476

7,537 858
1,177

7,126 790
1,047

40 1.077
485

40 1.080
429

560

574

502

512

58

62

1,575

1,239

1,222

925

353

314

1,981

1,967

1,383

1,372

614

595

1,378

1,359

726

683

652

676

1,368

1,604

1,368

1,604

0

0

2,193

2,450

1,973

2,281

220

169

--

1,935

1,765

666

571

1,269

1,194

1,223

1,181

610

570

613

61 1

1,361

1,321

1,086

1,049

275

272

913 1.227 1;057
1,575 1,149 2,164

842 1.384 1;103
1,560 1,039 1,929

91 1 514 287
1,575 54 1
1,297

840

2

53 1

713

285

770

1,560

0

489

608

1,178

867

2

853

818

-

0

550

751

1.276 389
3,263

1.216 380
3,141

1.169 319 965

1.107 310 984

107 70 2,298

109 70 2,157

1,270

1,316

1,135

1,196

133

120

768

643

724

614

44

29

738

820

436

454

302

366

1,946 1.026 2,651

1,731 1.079 2,616

833 563 1,087

678 513 1,054

1,113 463
1,564

1,053 566
1,562

1,009

907

453

396

554

51 1

910

957

871

91 5

39

42

1,069

819

646

460

423

359

839 803 1,898

786

432

844

285

2,028

489

423

407

268

516

399

1,409

363 576 1,629

630 1,561 1,048
3,345 1.656
990

555 1,505 1,032
3,086 1.578
779

528 1,269
640
3,345 482 650

474 1,194
-- 638 3,086 434 462

102 292 407
0 1.172
340

81 31 1 394
0 1.144
317

1,145

1,217

34 1

305

804

912

1,015

1,014

690

690

325

324

591

649

542

594

49

55

71,463 522

68,643 45,455

501

332

43,037 314

25,994 190

25,606 187

'Based on 137 superlor court judges.

Table 50

CY 1987 Superior Court C a s d o d (Docket mtrb)

Total Civil Filed Disposed

General civil Filed Dis~osed

DocMltlc Relations Filed Disposed

1,296 2,340
1,116

1.142 2,387
1,243

739 1,085
482

610

557

532

972

1,255

1,415

583

634

860

9,659 3,314 6,469

9,689 3,249 9,219

3,841 956
1,706

4,147 1,063 1,744

5,818
2,358 4,763

5,542 2,186 7,475

2,333 3.903

2,298 3.549

674 1.613

651 1.503

1,659 2.290

1,647 2.046

Total Caseload Filed Disposed

4.684 4,906
1,955

4.330 4,533
2,025

17,236 5,249 8,132

16,855 5,119 10,695

2,893 5.478

2,872 4.788

Total Open aseload
1,456 3,076 1,300
7,258 1.113 5,274
1,533 3.161

Table 51

-
CY 1987State Court Caseload(Docket entries)

County
Bibb Bryan Carroll Chatham

Misdemeanor Filed Disposed

4,402
90
935 1,073

4,471 94 765
1,606

Traffic Filed Disposed

3,527 1,098 6,931
986

3,330 1,276 4,667 1,477

Civil Filed Disposed

1,003 91 0
5,403

722 50 0
5,244

Total Filed Disposed

8,932 1,277 7,866 7,462

8,523 1,420 5,432 8,327

Chattooga Cobb Colquitt Coweta

738 5,268 1,034
429

765 4,370
868 640

2,621 68,819
1,346 3,395

2,944 47,008
1.249 3,491

41 29,425
61 364

118 19,745
32 236

3,400 103,512
2,441 4,188

3,827 71,123
2,149 4,367

DeKaib* Fulton Habersham Houston

6,924 20,030
804 1,227

4,156 19,397
645 3,753

5,898 23,115
1,409 6,688

3,401 23,115
1,205 6,148

62,358 51,653
119 1,407

55,657 33,821
59 1,164

75,180 94,798
2,332 9,322

63,214 76,333
1,909 11,065

Lowndes Miller Muscogee Pierce"

2,371 160
2,528 267

1,544 160
1,705 218

11,879 892
2,761 64 1

9,058 892
2,133 586

193

90

14,443 10,692

2

2

1,054

1,054

639

251

5,928

4,089

17

14

925

818

Richmond Spalding Stephens Sumter
Tift Treutlen Washington Worth

2,197 1,415
866 1,307
1,676 250 472 276

2,069 2,105
846 1,129
1,176 243 300 215

4,798 2,815
975 1,455
6,199 2,870
489 2,482

6,554 4,316
982 1,328
4,648 2,654
386 2,259

500

227

189

244

232

191

77

63

203

104

7

2

18

13

78

57

7,495 4,419 2,073 2,839
8,078 3,127
979 2,836

8,850 6,665 2,019 2,520
5,928 2,899
699 2,531

'Criminal dispositionsare for the period 1-1-87to 9-30-87. ' ' ~ A t ais for the period 1-1-87to 9-30-87.

Table 52A

CY 1987 Probate Court Civil Caseload (Docket entries)

County

No Admin-

Admin- istration

Probate

Guardian- Year's

istration Necessary Common Solemn ship Support

Atkinson

8

1

2

14

11

3

Bacon

18

4

4

18

14

4

Baldwin

32

12

11

81

81

2

Banks

20

5

0

36

29

9

Barrow

--_ 13

6

1

52

29

5

Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Blecklev
&antley

8

5

2

53

10

4

13

9

1

12

11

12

72

17

20

406

90

34

3

4

0

22

5

2

7

7

2

17

9

7

Bryan
BUIIOC~
Butts Candler Charlton

10

1

1

24

21

2

Cherokee Clarke Clayton Clinch Cobb

Coffee Colquitt Cook' Coweta Crawford

Crisp

Dawson

Decatur

DeKalb

Dodge --

Dougherty

Douglas'

Early

Echols

Ernanuel

55

Evans

12

Fannin

16

Fayette'

2

Floyd

47

Forsyth

37

40 .- 10

5

0

3

3

5

0

22

13

7

2

139

56

5

17

6

0

23

7

8

22

8

2

243

46

16

214

52

9

Fulton
Gilrner Glynn Grady Greene

394

319

238

1,524 1,059 130

32

10

6

21

13

10

62

11

12

1 66

66

29

17

5

1

45

19

4

6

2

3

3 1

11

0

Gwinnett

88

36

12

36 1

201

40

Habersham

13

4

3

62

20

2

Hall

48

18

8

225

50

19

Haralson

27

1

0

52

14

3

Harris

7

6

3

40

10

11

Hart

14

7

3

57

5

10

Heard

5

3

3

26

2

2

Houston

22

15

3

170

67

5

Jackson

25

6

2

67

22

16

Jasper

1

0

3

10

1

1

Jefferson Jenkins Jones Lanier Laurens
Lee Liberty' Lowndes Macon Mitchell

9

8

5

3

5

3

1

2

18

19

4

2

50

3

52

16

11

4

7

5

7

40

10

10

0

3 1

27

0

5

26

12

9

0

15

6

0

8

83

24

11

0

23

19

3

0

25

72

4

6

161

38

18

4

39

11

0

0

44

10

0

Hospitalization 7 18 168 0 43 15 10 128 0 0 21
133 7 0 1
1 96 0 34 50 87
33 13 73 28 52 43 0 0 8 0 24 0 0 8 14 8 55 6 26 32 28 0

Habeas Corpus
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

Licenses Marriage Pistol
72 59 182 58 356 247 126 95 241 101
174 50 99 21 1,568 202 117 103 120 58
69 82

450
94 120 125 737 1,197
7,190 169 773 182 94
3,012 201 896 296 170 118 57
919 270 34
91
68 171 4 1 334
114 464 1,074 106 136

666
40 77 42 190 842
1,981 126 296 47 32
955 56 315 143 134 92 30
320 l? 13
60
29 86 17 146
46 40 243 32 59

Total Civil 177 320 990 320 49 1 321 190 2,538 256 227 231
1,554 181 257 207
1,510 2,360 12,869
437 1,502
362 192 4,778 389 1,631 579 381 306 136 1,521 560 63 235 171 331 90 698 216 684 1,640 235 26 1

Table 52A

CY 1987 Probate Court Civil Caseload (Docket entries)

County

No Admin-

Admin- istration

Probate

Guardian- Year's

lstration Necessarv Common Solemn ship Support

Morgan

6

10

10

48

10

4

Murray

11

4

0

48

13

7

Muscogee

181

24

18

485

235

80

Newton

22

13

6

110

57

13

Oglethorpe

5

8

3

27

8

7

Paulding'
Peach Plckens Pike Putnam

14

2

1

50

21

7

8

2

1

41

6

1

12

8

2

39

3

2

2 -

3

0

28

2

2

7

4

4

28

7

3

Qultman

6

0

2

3

0

0

Rabun

5

13

1

54

24

1

Randolph

7

1

3

30

2

0

Richmond

128

45

33

370

145

106

Rockdale

14

26

13

96

80

10

Schley Semlnole Spalding Stewart Tattnall

2

0

3

7

24

17

4

0

12

3

0

2

4

0

0

26

5

1

3

136

44

16

1

11

1

0

1

30

14

4

Taylor Telfalr
Terrell Thomas TIf t

4

1

3

18

0

1

8

1

6

19

4

2

6

2

3

28

11

0

19

7

4

115

22

1

12

7

4

74

18

4

Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Union
Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren

1

5

1

20

8

1

8

4

2

8

3

3

39

23

11

164

32

12

15

4

1

35

19

2

8

4

0

19

13

3

20

20

2

85

15

7

17

20

11

157

68

28

22

14

14

90

24

17

20

10

3

119

18

18

3

5

0

22

7

0

Washington

7

8

4

41

11

3

Webster

0

0

1

7

0

0

Wheeler

2

3

0

6

2

0

White

6

5

0

32

7

3

Wilkinson

7

4

0

19

4

1

Worth

13

4

0

50

17

5

Hospitalization
24 17 88 62 5
o
0 39
2 13
1 0 0 180 4
0 13 54 0 23
36 2 0
454 33
0 7 83 6 0
35 46 52 51
7
10 0 0 12 21 11

Habeas Corpus
3 0 0 0 0
o
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 2 1 0
0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

Licenses

Total

Marriage Pistol Civtl

157

37

232

76

2,183 310

469 380

81

58

309 408 3,604 1,132 202

293 103

491

63

27

149

161 115

38 1

84

36

159

115

50

2-3. 1

23 108 60 1,442 549

9

44

51

257

32

135

839 3,288
- 271 -1,063

44 :iY

69

802

31

602 158 1 , - J

34

0

5 1

163

6-8..-- -3.r-8

54

27

1. d

89

48

179

78

57

185

463

79

1,164

392

94

638

60

78

65

28

526 186

64

29

112 113

174 128 1,076 175 272

252 107

545

241 104

692

293 145

671

397 139

775

40

19

103

166

50

300

19

25

52

45

12

70

118

74

257

89

96

241

200

65

365

'Data Isfor period 1-147to 93087.

Table 52B

CY 1987 Probate Court Criminal Caseload (Docket entries)

County

Misdemeanor Filed Disposed

Traffic Filed Disposed

Atkinson Bacon Banks Barrow

0

0

74

60

31 7

323

0

0

639 922 1,253 1,448

639 872 1,225 1,419

Ben Hill Bleckley Brantley Butts

50

45

0

0

101

101

62

62

721

599

658

658

857

860

635

635

Charlton Cook* Crawford Crisp

0

0

60

60

53

37

76

70

2,039 2,987 1,119 3,062

2,227 2,609
609 2,442

Dawson
Dodge Echo- lsFannin

142

133

134

126

837

788

770

755

Fayette' Floyd Gilmer
~aralson

26

26

0

0

0

0

66

33

1,458 5,590 1.300 2;409

1,458 3,833 1,200 1,792

Harris H. a.-rt.
Heard Jasper

96

96

0

0

106

111

6

6

2,245 1.042
524 247

2,053 1.042
522 247

Lanier Laurens Lee Morgan

0

0

147

113

41

41

76

76

282 5.405 l;l66 5,081

258 4,662 1,158 4,733

Murray Newton Oglethorpe Paulding*

0

0

130

122

84

84

25

13

2,888 4,022
435 814

2,888 3,698
422 691

Peach Pickens Pike Quitman

0

0

86

86

798

765

333

334

Rabun Randolph Rockdaie Schley

0

0

54

58

0

0

0

0

673 1,307 1,664
268

673 1,307 1,707
244

Seminole Stewart Taylor Telfair

142

136

90

90

37

34

55

49

978 747
996
1,276

826 697 903 1,018

Terrell Towns Turner Union

0

0

69

62

0

0

85

77

1.116 253
2,211 610

1.024 231
2,220 518

Upson Walton Warren Webster

0

0

51

51

10

8

22

20

2,172 2,968 1,063
445

2,390 2,968
944 402

Wheeler White Whitfield
Wilkinson

9

14

0

0

0

0

42

79

1,118 486
4,557
371

1,082 443
5,376
391

'Data is for ~ e r i o d1-1-87tog-30-87.

Total Caseload Filed Disposed

639 996 1,570 1,448

639 932 1,548 1,419

771

644

658

658

958

961

697

697

2,039 3,047 1,172 3,138

2,227 2,669
646 2,512

979

921

904
1,484 5,590 1,300 2,475
2,341 1.042
624 253
282 5,552 1,207 5,157
2,888 4,152
519 839
798

881
1,484 3,833 1,200 1,825
2,149 1.042
633 253
258 4,775 1,199 4,809
2,888 3,820
506 704
765

419
673 1,361 1,664
268
1,120 837
1,033 1,331
1.116 322
2,211 695
2,172 3,019 1,073
467
1,127 486
4,557 413

420
673 1,365 1,707
244
962 787 937 1,067
1.024 293
2,220 595
2,390 3,019
952 422
1,096 443
5,376 470

Table 53

CY 1987 Juvenlle Court Caseload (Number of children)

County

Delinquent Filed Disposed

Ap~ling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin

86

52

27

21

21

12

2

0

204 193

Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hlll Berrien

6

5

65 48

289 217

24

59

37

22

Blbb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bfyan

909 733

17

15

9

4

44

22

61

57

Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun
Camden

139

98

76

65

36

30

6

5

155 114

Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton
Chatham

16 406 153 32 1,280

13 367 151 28 1,163

Chattahoochee 28

18

Chattooga

22 22

Cherokee

286

40

Clarke

315 310

Clay

11

11

Clayton Clinch
Cobb Coffee
Colquitt

890 8
1,804 66 196

549 8
1,317 65 183

Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crlsp

199 165

51

49

223 212

2

1

48

37

Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge

12

12

17

8

1 05

53

2,587 NA

35

12

Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols

51

37

800 791

425 425

24

24

7

5

Efflngham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin

64

61

58 48

30 89

67 57

22 20

Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklln Fulton
Gilmer Glaacock Glynn Gordon Grady

218 442 82 31 4,614
33 1
345 169 43

217 413 79
n
2,902
30 1
344 165 33

Unruly Filed Disposed

30

25

1

1

8

6

3 23

xi3

6

6

13

11

58

50

2

7

15

10

195 158

2

2

2

2

21

10

21

19

21

11

2

2

6

5

1

0

78 52

0

0

181 124

40

40

6

5

280 228

2

1

7

7

142

18

132 129

1

1

389 219

2

2

939 792

5

5

18

17

48

47

8

8

107 107

0

0

15

10

11

11

0

0

24

10

1,100 NA

2

0

1

0

137 135

165 165

7

7

0

0

9

8

3

3

3

6

1

0

10

10

77

75

235 227

57

44

14

10

1,100 616

29

27

0

0

172 172

78 67

12

10

Traffic Filed D i w

19

13

1

1

0

0

1

0

31

31

0

0

6

3

118 110

0

0

6

3

209 189

0

0

0

0

3

1

9

7

28

16

5

5

9

9

5

5

13

5

0

0

126 104

53

52

0

0

323 256

0

0

0

0

266

58

120 117

7

7

970 762

0

0

989 736

12

13

31

27

,115 103

3

3

99

99

4

3

0

0

8

8

0

0

17

15

1,541 NA

9

6

2

0

298 295

21

21

24

23

0

0

2

2

28

23

0

0

4

4

1

1

178 428 97
12 1,262
5 3 85 11 14

174 409 105 11 1,064
5 3 85 11 7

Deprived Filed Disposed

24

21

16

13

18

9

1

1

53

0

14

14

19

9

140 124

28

27

18

18

185 118

1

1

25

19

19

6

25

21

13

6

tl

9

18

2

3

2

80

68

9

8

99

64

64 57

11

9

473 410

1

0

0

0

83

13

153 151

3

3

338 243

2

2

362 315

15

16

75

64

22

20

20

18

95

95

8

7

15

15

17

17

9

3

48 45

769 NA

0

0

0

0

55

55

102

92

6

2

0

0

17

13

17

16

29 102

'1 1

11

27

17

64

63

141 135

28

15

9

2

978 540

0

0

2

2

45

45

87

87

17

13

Soecial ~rkeedin~s
Filed Disposed

2

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

2

2

0

0

16

11

170 150

2

2

0

0

328 242

5

3

1

1

7

6

0

0

4

3

5

4

4

4

4

4

29

24

3

3

10

5

0

0

0

0

147 131

1

1

3

3

83

23

41

41

o o

197 145

2

2

223 169

0

0

1

0

22

14

6

2

39

39

1

1

7

7

2

2

1

1

4

4

106 NA

0

0

0

0

36

36

40

40

1

1

0

0

13

8

3

3

0

0

7

7

5

5

0

0

34

33

1

1

2

1

290 134

0

0

0

0

3

3

28

25

1

1

Total
Caseload Filed Disposed

161 112

45

36

48 28

7

4

313 249

26

25

119

82

775 651

56

95

76

53

1,826 25 37 94 116

1,440 21 26 45 104

205 134

99

85

73

50

19

16

355 263

28 822 310 49 2,463

24 664 300 42 2,188

32 32 880 76 1
22
2,784 14
4.317 98 321

20 32 152 748
22
1,918 14
3.329 99 291

406 349

88 80

563 552

15

12

85

69

50

50

27

12

198 127 6,103 N A

46

18

54 1,326
753 62
7

37 1,312
743 57 5

105

92

109

93

62 197

90

79

65

53

537 1,278
265
68
8,244
67 6 650 373 87

529 1,217
244
47
5,256
62 6 649 355 64

Table 53

CY 1987 Juvenile Court Caseload (Number of children)

County
Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hanc- o- c- k
Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry
Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis
Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar
Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln
Long Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison
Marion McDuffie Mclntosh Meriwether Miller
Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray
Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding
Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk
Pulaski Put nam Ouitman Rabun Randolph
Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole
Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot

Ddinauent
Filed isp posed

17 1,483
35 312
10

14 1,405
23 307
1

39

34

39

38

64

59

12

12

210 205

281 237

16

9

32

22

0

0

64

0

38

31

21

15

9

9

39

0

61

46

29

26

230 229

44

39

273 207

6

9

20

12

327 265

6

2

65 60

94 42

15

15

67

54

36

20

85 85

7

6

36

31

59

54

8

6

37

33

77 60

1,125 860

302 255

7

1

16

11

220 192

33

24

23

13

33

10

36

24

88 61

28 26

49 48

2

2

20

17

19

17

1,057 937

206 206

19

17

43

41

18

14

330 302

40

30

16

12

154 153

2

2

Unrulv Filed ~ i s & x e d

2

1

425 372

6

4

146 146

0

0

6

6

0

0

11

10

2

2

130 130

328 290

4

3

6

5

0

0

20

0

3

3

0

0

1

1

18

0

9

g

6

(2 12297

92

89

1

2

4

3

95

61

5

2

7

7

16

6

0

0

29

17

12

8

5

5

7

7

7

7

36

36

1

1

2

2

52

35

555 430

118 100

1

0

2

2

49

48

1

0

9

9

0

0

10

9

44

39

0

0

5

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

248 235

92 92

0

0

0

0

0

0

97 88

1

1

4

4

48

47

0

0

Traffic Filed Disposed

24 1,183
12 319
0

17 1,142
10 319
0

0

0

11

9

33

32

3

3

118 118

308 285

0

0

6

1

2

2

18

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

47

0

32 30

0

0

75

75

31

28

30

26

18

12

0

0

93 39

0

0

1

1

46

42

2

2

29

27

1

0

6

6

2

2

3

3

51

50

11

10

48 43

2

2

489 450

115

96

1

0

10

6

28

23

1

1

10

6

0

0

10

6

0

0

3

2

0

0

0

0

1

1

6

3

73

45

185 185

2

2

2

2

1

0

72

71

6

4

0

0

32

32

0

0

Filed bisposed

10

10

353 335

63 51

157 153

9

6

23

20

5

5

23

1

18

18

63 55

274 241

5

4

54

17

27

27

1

0

7

6

6

6

4

1

0

0

19

10

12

11

55 37

3

3

86

30

1

4

4

0

65

45

1

1

33

30

18

13

2

1

20

12

10

10

78

77

3

3

16

14

31

31

11

11

10

10

33

30

492 401

194 142

2

1

9

9

28

22

67 52

36

20

18

7

16

4

29

25

5

5

8

8

1

1

7

7

9

8

18

18

68

68

10

10

3

3

2

2

136 128

32

21

5

5

59

59

0

0

Special
Proceedin-o-s
Wed Disposed

0

0

123 116

2

2

5

5

0

0

6

6

5

5

6

6

0

0

0

0

31

27

0

0

2

2

0

0

0

0

1

1

14

14

5

5

9

0

10

9

3

2

4

4

17

16

24

21

0

0

8

5

0

0

4

3

4

4

8

4

0

0

2

2

7

4

0

0

4

4

3

2

9

9

4

4

8

5

32

28

61

53

120 98

7

4

0

0

16

11

10

8

7

7

4

1

8

3

28

21

4

4

1

1

3

1

1

1

7

6

13

12

4

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

37

37

4

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

TW

C- as-s.lo.ad-

Red D

i

53 3,567
118 939
19

42
3,370 90 930 7

74 66 60 57 137 108 35 35 521 508

1,222 25 100 29 103

1.080 16 47 29 0

49

41

41

35

19

16

113

0

131 101

50

44

491 471

124 115

505 353

,26 27

34

20

580 410

16

8

110 102

182 107

19

18

147 112

66 42

174 173

23

22

65

57

186 180

35 32

lO!i

93

196 155

2,722 849 18 37 341

2,194 691 6 28 296

112 85

85 55

55

18

80

46

189 146

40

37

63 62

6

4

29 26

41

34

1,409 555 31 48 21

1,247 555 29 46
1 6

672 628

83

60

25

21

293 291

2

2

Table 53

CY 1987 Juvenile Court Caseload (Number of children)

County
Taliaferro Tattnail Taylor Telfair Terrell
Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen
Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson
Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington
Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield
Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth
TOTALS

Delinquent Filed Disposed

5

5

39

32

6

5

68

213

23

23

111

92

331 255

88

79

5

5

29

26

649

645

55

35

33

24

10

9

89

76

144

144

353

350

252

201

6

6

49

28

70

65

3

3

16

11

13

5

317

272

3

2

22

19

11

10

79

39

29,573 22,317'

Unruly

Traffic

Filed ~ i s k s e d Filed Disposed

0

0

6

4

2

2

21

48

4

4

4

4

14

14

3

3

22

28

4

4

95

84

26

20

1

1

0

0

0

0

78

71

43

38

4

3

3

3

17

17

155

155

6

5

8

8

4

4

30

28

92

92

17

15

9

9

10

9

51

44

62

62

217

216

51

39

1

1

0

0

77

77

115

115

50

44

4

2

0

0

23

19

2

2

2

2

6

1

259

241

9

9

1

0

1

1

1

0

301 242

0

0

1

0

2

2

13

7

1

1

14

14

8

7

25

21

9,988 7,441' 12,175 9,845'

Denrived
Filed isp posed

0

0

21

18

2

2

7

21

37

37

51

41

26

14

71

54

2

2

8

4

194

192

8

2

6

3

17

17

64

59

46

46

126

116

40

24

4

2

7

7

92

88

2

2

3

3

1

1

188

164

8

5

1

0

17

14

3

2

9.011 6,579'

'Totals do not include dispositions in DeKalb County.

Special Proceedinas
Filed ~isposed

Total Casdoad Filed Disposed

0

0

9

9

7

5

87

73

2

2

15

14

1

1

119

311

5

5

73

73

28

25

363

313

7

4

433

331

9

7

173

144

0

0

10

10

4

4

58

51

1

1 1,091 1,085

4

3

90

60

2

1

58

45

1

1

42

40

2

2

236

209

19

19

135

121

18

17

0

0

0

0

348

348

946

918

411

325

15

11

56

35

19

19

213

200

0

0

8

7

2

2

24

19

0

0

21

7

69

55

1,134

974

0

0

12

8

10

10

48

43

0

0

38

33

11

10

131

79

2.992 2,258' 63.739 48.440'

Table 54

FY 1988 Maa"istrate Court Caseload (Cases filed)

County

Warrants Issued

Bond and Committment
Hearings

County Ordinances Filed Disposed

Civil Claims Filed Disposed

Appling Atkinson Bacon* B- aker
Baldwin

781 232 186 127
2,158

548

260

120

438

164

0

1

1

195

185

0

79

0

21 3

0

93

0

0

92

42

364

19

98

2,476 2,100

Banks Barrow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb

260 2,262 1,427
962 8,768

13 576 136
3 3,979

9

5

274

154

239

236

701

284

179

150 1,405 1,208

0

0

441

358

0

0 2,346 2,169

Bleckley Brantley' Brooks Bulloch Burke

646 61
492 3,435 1,243

288

32

99

246

240

3

8

8

74

30

334

132

110

457

317

99

1

1 1,397 2,555

16

0

0

559

506

Butts Calhoun Camden Candler' Carroll

926 139 1,314 386 2,426

122

24

71

328

295

1

12

12

123 126

512

7

6

396

204

124

46

0

176

85

78

49

49

1,231

924

Catoosa Charlton Chatham Cherokee Clarke

1,801 428
8,322 4,627 9,151

435 23
3,605 173
2,273

89

87

274

326

23

25

134

43

759

449 6,907 4,218

4

2

1,077

790

58

112 1,436 1,271

Clay Clayton* Clinch Cobb' Coffee

161 5,628
244 1 1.342 4,548

95 6,277
1 1.177
85

0

0

50

44

56

44

1,170

979

0

0

196

6

885

921 2.176 1.578

0

0

l;468

'689

Colquitt Columbia Cook' Coweta Crawford

2,266 1,525
271 3,209
223

606

0

0 2,225

200

305

542

359

1,010

816

10

0

0

76

88

22

1,222

640

1,743 1,466

46

30

19

117

63

Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb

960 1,675
414 1,055 17;049

451 1,443
125 378 25,985

374

546

578 538

0

0

259

215

3

0

396

339

0

0

1,342

21

593

692 3,890 2,019

Oodae
DOO~
Dougherty Douglas Early

1.365 471
7,864 3,607
429

0

0

0

355

149

98

0

0

413

277

292

0

0 3,621 3,621

710

275

299

673

466

15

0

0

331

330

Echols Effingham Elbert Ernanuel Evans

21 832 1,184 906 30 1

16

0

0

26

17

107

54

54

265

260

540

0

0

490

346

429

380

287

729

723

98

342

223

330

63

Fayette Floyd Franklin Fulton Gilmer'

925 5,289
733 14,115
135

457 1,000
109 19,234
90

418 1,171
96 20,604
0

360 329 135 12,917
0

689 2,385
535 5,021
151

545 1,591
345 2,899
191

Glynn
ord don
Grady' Greene
Gwinnett

3,667 2,821
121 379 9,969

176 722
45 10 5,252

972

971

1.647 1.071

143

305

649

329

0

3

223

217

0

B

780

944

92

623 2,632 2,935

Habersham' Hall Hancock Haralson Harris

338 2,189
229 534 633

112 4,142
162 10
125

20 1,613
69 282 62

20 1,302
28 204
23

188 1,645
891 265 398

136 1,348
676 114 321

Other Civil Cases Filed Disposed

150 66 70
34 1,955

150 66 70 34 1,955

74 442 1,127 182 1,227

74 442 1,127 182 1,227

126

126

11

11

198

198

645

645

190

190

154

154

68

68

285

285

58

58

961

961

250 74
9,095 1,014 2,187

250 74
9,095 1,014 2,187

6 6,024
111 0
718

6 6,024
111 0
718

904 400
55 1,039
36

904 400
55 1,039
36

655

655

60

60

53

53

578

578

119

119

186 113 3,882 725 152

186 113 3,882 725 152

0

0

72

72

314

314

312

312

192

192

338 2,213
163 59,916
9

338 2,213
163 59,916
9

1.547 368 68 28 1
7,634

1.547 368 68 281
7.634

84 1,617
254 93 126

84 1,617
254 93 126

Total Filings
1,629 494 548 253
6,608
617 3,644 4,138 1,585 12,341
1,050 154
1,279 5,478 1,992
1,432 342
2,002 666
4,667
2,414 659
25,083 6,722 12,832
217 12,878
551 14.403 61734
5,395 3,477
402 7,213
406
2,567 1,994
866 2,975 21,651
1.906 997
15,367 5,280
912
47 1,223 1.988 2,327 1,165
2,370 11,058
1.527 99,656
295
7.833 3,981
412 1.440 20,327
630 7,064 1,443 1,174 1,219

Total Hearings and Dispositions
982 252 70 169 4,517
246 1,538 2,621
543 7,375
753 52 959 3,300 712
642 207 1,007 267 2,012
1,098 165
17,367 1,979 5,843
145 13,324
118 3.676 1,492
1,710 1,880
153 3,169
164
2,190 1,718
51 7 977 28,815
335 488 7,795 2,200 497
33 493 1.200 1,751 576
1,700 5,133
752 94,966
290
3.765 1,724
333 1.235 16I444
352 8,409 1,120
421 595

Table 54

FY 1988MagistrateCourt Caseload(Casesfiled)

County

Bond and

County

Civil

Warrants Committment Ordinances

Claims

Issued

Hearings Filed Disposed Filed Disposed

Hart MQ' Houston Jackson JmPer
Jeff Davis Jefferwn Jenkln8 Johnson Jon-
Lamu Lanler Laurens Lee Uncoln
Lon9 LOwndeb Lumpkln Macon Madlwn
Marion McD~ffie #Iclntosh Hlller Monroe
Morgan Mu=fXW
filethorpe

520 1,739 6,476 1,236
297
974
863
419 370 1,102
647 389 2243
366
151
319 5,570
465 785 429
115 1,146
477 175 737
421 0
2,262 95
201

143 2,355 2,505
111 117
531 268 35
22 6
61 67 2,151 72 64
107 1,547
200
147 346
52 234 228
0 89
199 0
1,203 0
35

0 570
0 5 0
386
216 0 71 0
0 0 798 8 59
14 1,119
129 150 109
0 22
0 0 0
115 0
1,084 2 2

0

483 235

553 1,039 1,199

0 1,240 1,115

11

661 748

0

177 171

370

484 509

216

733 733

0

491 435

71

206

187

0

652 224

9

351 307

0

184 188

800

901 1,623

5

319 267

59

332

163

28

* 91

98

42 3,520 1,061

45

301 279

117

468 331

0

373 294

0

84

104

15

933 647

0

216 208

0

280

0

0

583 499

11

419 347

0

818 302

966

1,227

890

2

92

75

6

136 137

Pauldlng Peach Plckens Plerce* Plke
Pulaskl Putnam Qultman Rabun Randolph
Rkhmond Rockdale Schley Seminole Spalding
Stephens Stewart Sumter Tattnall Taylor
Telfair Terrell Thomas Tlft Tombs
Towns Treut len Troup Turner Twiggs
Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren

1,094 1,432
685 529 380
303
471 30
385 394
8,407 2,084
137 330 3,203
1,639 349
2,296 170 262
625 498 2,307 3,960 3,250
217 395 1,758 476 258
886 1,287 1,488 2,116
98

528 1,260
12 124 159
128 618
5 4 48
1,409 1,645
125 22 1,836
239 33
1,030 51 33
108 342 724 957
9
3 91 51 269 132
455 337 383 1,444
0

117 103 189
0 5
0 0 0 0 0
8,122 1,012
0 26 448
0 58 572 346 10
0 83 907
0 525
0 0 71 63 3
185 53 639 1,355 0

173 119 56
0 4
0 0 0 0 0
8,122 802 0 26 288
0 58
2 194
0
0 83 846
0 833
0 0 7 50 0
37 86 585 1,355
0

517 418 240 131 149
291 888
17 287 204
5,822 792 79 314
2,101
523 63
889 540 159
343 349 2,211 1,165 1,198
52 112 3,946 223 176
529 642 965 799 243

523 280 199 133
86
214 789
17 255 215
3,933 901 71 139
1,412
90 63 833 444 50
305 283 1,852
74 878
44 112 3,033 227 140
131 291 848 799 214

Other

Civil Cases

Total

Filed Disposed Filings

204 509 1,324 339 115

204
509
1,324 339 115

1,207 3,857 9,040 2,241
589

248

248 2,072

317

317 2,129

220

220 1,130

134

134

781

152

152 1,906

259

259 1.257

64

64

637

953

953 4,895

112

112

805

100

100

642

14 2,672
114 317
77

14 2,672
114 317
77

438 12,881
1,009 1,720
988

50

50

249

411

411 2,512

82

82

775

42

42

497

233

233 1,553

161

161 1,116

4

4

822

844

644 5,217

46

46

235

85

85

424

258

258 1,986

226

226 2,179

65

65 1,179

58

58

718

43

43

557

74

74

668

201

201 1,560

0

0

47

36

36

708

21

21

619

6,277 871 37 a4
2,667

6,277 871 37 a4
2,667

28,628 4,739
253 754
8,419

212

212 2.374

36

36

506

812

812 4,569

157

157 1,213

18

18

449

196
174 1,078
804 1,495

19.6.
174 1,078
604 1,495

1.164
1,104 6.503 5,729 6,468

2 55
2,990 86 74

2 55
2,990 86 74

271 562
8,763 848 51 1

356
400 1,228
739 111

356
400 1,228
739 111

1.956
2;382 4,320 5,009
452

Total Hearinas and ~ispo&ions
582 4,616 4,944 1,209
403
1,658 1,534
690 414 382
636 319 5,527 456 386
247 5,322
638 962 717
206 1,307
516 42 821
718 306 3,723 123 263
1,482 1,885
332 315 292
41 6 1,588
22 295 284
19,741 4,219
233 27 1 6,203
541 195 2,677 846 101
609 882 4,500 1,635 3,215
49 258 6,081 632 346
979 1,114 3,024 4,337
325

Table 54

- FY 1988 Magistrate Court Caseload (Cases filed)

County

Bond and

County

Civil

Warrants Committment Ordinances

Claims

issued

Hearings Filed Disposed Filed Disposed

Other Civil Cases Filed Disposed

Washington Wayne Webster' Wheeler White

1,046 859 62 199 400

14

143

140 1,280 1,183

508

508

97

0

0

405 085

220

220

38

0

0

39

39

9

9

25

0

0

152 126

57

57

337

102

95

295 357

74

74

Whitfield Wilcox Wiikes Wilkinson Worth

5.434 202 293 340 985

57

12

1 2.090 1.695 1.479 1.479

88

22

17

343 334

108

108

99

71

44

335 302

179

179

11

23

14

354 354

123

123

117

0

0

412

393

210

210

TOTALS

247,153

113,130 52,452 40,328 116,320 86,321 146,770 140,770

Total Filings
2,957 1,544
110
408
871
9.015 675 878 840
1,607
502,695

'Partial submissions for FY 1988.

Total Hearings and Dispositions
1, a 4
1,002 86 208
863.
3.232 545 624 502 720
386,548

Table 55
Court of Appeals Caseload: 1986 and 1987 (Docket entries)

Interlocutory applications Discretionary applications
TOTAL
Disposed By opinion By order lnterlocutory applications Discretionary applications
TOTAL

1986

1987

Table 56

Supreme Court Caseload: 1986 and 1987 (Docket entries)

Filed

1986

1 1987

Disposed

Direct appeals (Final) Petitions for certiorari

560

538

By opinion

560

540

Affirmed without opinion

Habeas corpus applications 158

203

(Rule 59)

Applications for discretionary

appeal

166

Appliitions for interlocutory

appeal

61

Attorney discipline

36

Original petitions/Motions

25

Cross appeals

0

Petitions for certiorari

183

Denied

Dismissed

58

Habeas corpus applications

72

Denied

Dismissed

22

Remanded

14

Wihdrawn

Certified questions

9

8

Dismissed without prejudice

Bar admissions Judicial discipline Other

12

5

Denied without prejudice

Stricken and entered on general docket

0

2

Discretionary applications

7

1

Denied

Transferred to Court of Appeals

TOTAL

Dismissed

Dismissedwithout prejudice

Withdrawn

Denied with direction

Remanded

Interlocutory applications

Denied

Transferred to Court of Appeals

Original petitions/Motions

Denied

Granted

Dismissed

Dismissed without prejudice

Attorney and judicial disciplinary1

Bar admissions decided by order

Other

Transferred to Court of Appeals by order

Dismissed by order

Remanded by order

Withdrawn

Vacated by order

Stricken from docket

Certiorari granted, application granted,

notice of appeal

I TOTAL

1986 1,353

1987 1,524-

Total includesfigures from several categorb not a p p h b b to W 1987sludy. "Companionc a ~ &w~ere countedas one cam inarrivingat total.

III CORRECTIONS

INTRODUCTION
The administration of state correctional facilities and programs is a function of the Executive branch of government. All offenders sentenced by the courts to the custody of the state are either housed in facilities operated by, or under the authority of, the Department and the Board of Corrections, or are supervised by probation offtcers employed by the Department and the Board. As of November 30,1988, the Department and the Board were responsible for the custody and care of 18,870 inmates institutionalized in facilities under the authority of the Department andtheBoard. TheDepartment andtheBoard also were responsible for the supervision of 107,610 active probationers as of December 1988. The Department and the Board of Corrections have no authority over inmates released on parole. These offendersare supervised by the State Board of Pardons and Paroles and are addressed in a separate section of this publication.
Department of Corrections Facilities
The Department of Corrections is responsible for carrying out judicial sentences. In order to do so, the Department maintains four differe'nt types of facilities, has regulatory authority over another type of facility, and operates a separate division for the probation function. The Department has authority over 25 correctional institutions, 10 probation district offices and 19 diversion centers. It is authorized to employ 7,748 persons to carry out its assigned functions. It is by far the largest statecriminaljustice agency and one of the largest agenciesin all ofStategovernment. The various programs for which the Department is responsible include:
1. Probation Supervision is a program operated by the Department as an alternative to incarceration. The judge may require a probationer to report to his probation supervisor on a routine basis, require community service work, requirethe payment of restitution to thevictim, andmayimpose a variety of other special conditions upon the probationer's freedo'm. The Department employs 7U probation program employees who actually supervise offenders sentenced to state probation by the courts. As of December 1988,107,610activeprobationerswereunder the supenision of the Probation Division.
2. Diversion Centers are operated by the Department as short term residential facilities for offenders sentenced to a term of probation which includes conditions requiring confinement in a diversion center. The average stay in a diversion center is 120 days. The diversion program is designed to allow a sentencingjudge to impose a more rigorous sentence than regular "street"probation, yet not as restrictive as incarceration in a prison facility. A diversion center offersa variety of educational,job training, counseling,treatment and other socialization programs to the offender. Residentsof diversioncentersare ailowed to maintain their employment and must pay taxes, room and hoard, and any fines or restitution imposedby thejudge. Theyalsocontinue to pay for the support of their families. These centers are oftenreferred to as "halfway-inhousesn.TheDepartment is authorizedto employ285 employees to superviseoffenders placed in 19 diversion centers. The current capacity of the diversion centers allows for custody of a minimum of 3,451 residents per year.

3. Detention Centers are operatedby the short term confinement facilities for t e n d to a term of probation These offendem include probationers whose terms of probation are revoked for technical violations; probationers convicted as h a W
violators of Driving Under the Influence @UI) laws rad
probationersconvictedof non-violent offenses. Theastay in a detention center is 90 t&l.20days. The dtttlrtion program is designed for offenders to perform public works and places less emphasis on treatment programsthan divession centersalthough drugand alcoholtreatmentprograms are available. TheDepartment is a u t h o r i d to empky 285 individualsto staff 5detentioncenterswhichare to beWy operational by the middle of 1989. The capacity (220) d these centers will allow them to serve 2,450 residents per year.
4. County Correctional Institutions are operated by 27 counties within the state. Although the countygovcmmcat operates, maintains, and employs the personnel who operate these facilities, they are under the regulatory authorityof the Department ofCorrections.Theyhouseinmates who are sentencedto the custodyof the Department for terms of confinement.These inmates are required to work in variouscountymaintenanceprograms such asroad repair andotherpublicworks. As ofNovember30,1988,the 27 county correctional institutions housed 2,924 inmates.
5. State Prisons are operatedby employeesof theDepartment. These facilities offer a variety of educational, job-
training, counseling, treatment, and other s o d a b t i o n programs to the inmates, but their primary emphasis is on maintaining custody of the inmates and security of the institution. As of November 30,1988,there were 15,525 inmates housed in 25 state institutions. The Department is authorizedto employ5,744individualsto statrtheseinstitutions.
6. Transition Centers are operated by the Department to provide an easier transition back into community life for inmateswho are scheduledfor release fromprison in thtnecu future. The program is designed to lessen the personal shock of going from a totally controlled and disciplinedinstitutional setting to the free environment the average citizen enjoys. It is also directed at helping the residents secure and maintain meaningful employment. These
centers are referred to as "halfway-out houses". As of
November 30, 1988, there were 468 residents housed in these centers. The Department is authorized to employ 133 individuals to staff these centers.
County Jails
In Georgia, the sheriff of each county retains the English common law duty as chief jailer. He is responsible for the
w e , maixltenance and security of all prisoners lawFuUy detained and awaiting trial and of all inmates sentenced to his custody by the courts. Generally, inmates confined in county jails have received sentences of 12 months or less, are awaiting transfer to a state prison facility, are awaiting
trial on criminal charges, or are temporarilyassigned to the
countyjail subject to the agreement of both the sheriff and the commissioner of the Department of Corrections, while' they are working on a state Department of Correctionsa p proved work project.

139

they are working on a state Department of Corrections approved work project.
Currently,there are 146countyjails fundedfor operationin the state's 159counties.
Corrections Data
Thedatacollectedandpublishedin thisreport areprovided by the Department of CorrectionsStatisticsUnit within the
Department's evaluation and statistics component. This unit is responsible for maintaining all relevant statistical data on inmates and probationers assigned to the custody of the state. Since much of these data are critical to internal
decision-making within the Department of Corrections, they are maintained primarily for such internal purposes.
The Department of Corrections is, however, required by lawto submit certaincriminalhistoryrecord informationto the GeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter and alsoprovidesto the State Board of Pardons and Paroles data on offender status and on offender conduct while in prison. The im-
proved computer capabilities of this unit currently provide
in-depth analyses of offender information and feedback to other criminaljustice system components, especiallyto the judiciary.
Statisticaldata on inmate populationsat the local level (i.e., county and city jails) are extremely difficult to maintain, since there is no central repository. The Department of CommunityAffairs,with the assistanceof thecomputerized

reporting capabilities of the Georgia Crime Information Center,hasbeen collectinglimiteddataon localjail populations since mid-1982, as noted in the narrative portion of this report.
PRISON PROFILE
Table57 outlinespopulation trends in the major categories of prisons from 1984to 1988. The figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. During that period, the overall inmate population increased from 15,731 to 18,870.
Morespecificdata onindividualinstitutionswithin the state system are available (See Table 58). Those prisons with the greatest population include the Georgia Diagnostic Classification Center (GDCC) at Jackson (1,817), Georgia Industrial Institute (GII) at Alto (1,665), Middle Ga. C.I. Y.O. (985), Georgia State Prison (GSP) at Reidsville (976)
and the Middle Georgia Correctional Institute - Rivers
(950).
Note: TheGDCCisoperatedprimarilyforthe classification of prisoners to be reassigned to other correctional institu-
tions. Also, Middle Ga. C.I. - Y.O. no longer houses just
youthful offenders.

Table 57

- CORRECTIONALINSTITUTION POPULATIONSBY TYPE, 1984 1988

' h e of Facility

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Transition Centers
County Correctional Institutions State Corredional Institutions Other*

399 2,391 q897
44

426
2,486
13,347 40

469 5579 14,293
22

344 2,491 14,684
106

443 2,831 15,583
13

Total

15,731

16,299

'Other" inmates out to court on appeal. Narc: llwc figures represent inmate countstaken in December of eachyear. Saua: GDC

17363

17,625

18,870

Table 58

INSTITUTION POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, 1988

Institution

Age

Men

Women

Grand

00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % Total %

Atlanta Adv Ctr Macon Trans Ctr At1Women Trans Ctr New Horizons Savannah Trans Ctr Macon Women Trans Ctr Central State Hosp Bulloch C.C.I. Carroll C.CI. Clarke C.C.1. Colquitt C.C.I. Coweta C.C.I. Decatur C.C.I.
Effingham C.C.I. nayd C.CI. Pulton CC.1. Gwinnett C.C.I. Hall C.C.I. Hams C.C.I. Houston C.CI. Jackson C.CI. Jefferson C.C.I. Meriwether C.C.I. Mitchell C.C.I. Muscogee CC.1. Richmond C.C.I. Screven C.C.I. Spalding C.C.I. Stewart C.C.I. Sumter C.C.I. Terrell C.CI. Thomas C.C.I.
Troup CC.1. Upson C.C.I. Ware C.I. Lowndes C.I. Dodge C.I. GTDC (Buford) Walker C.I. Wayne C.I. GI1 (Alto) Montgomery C.I. Lee C.I. Putnam CI.
- GSP (Reidsville)
Middle Ga. C.I. Men Metro C.I.
- GDCC (Jackson) - Diag
GDCC (Jackson) Perm
- Coastal C.I.
Middle Ga. C.I. Y.O. Stone Mtn C.I.
- Middle Ga C.I. -Women
Middle Ga C.I. Rives Rutledge C.I. Central C.I. Augusta Medical C.I. Rogers C.I. Burris CI. Bostic C.I. Unassigned

Total

1,839 12,%6 2,609 498 17,912 100% 64 728 139 27 958 100% 18,870 100%

Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figures represent counts taken in December of 1988.

141

INMATS PROFILE
In analyzing the inmate population from 1984to 1988, sexand r a a variables remain constant (See Table 59). Table 60 provides more specific data concerning age, sex,and race of the 1988inmate population.
Of frequent interest in discussii offenders is the individual prisoner's actual length of sentence. Table 62 breaks down the numbers of persons assigned each specific sentence length. Percentage changes in sentencelengths are dueto the Department of Corrections dmn& to a new computer system in July 1987.The

Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS) provides more detail on sentences and, as a result, will show an increase in the percentage of longer sentences. Also, the category of youthful offender will continue to decline due to the discontinuation of the Youthfui Offender Act. There remain a few inmates still classified as youthful offenders who have not processed out of the system.
A final important area is the number of offenders awaiting execution. Though the percentages have remained cunstant,the actualnumberson deathrowhave decreasedfrom 117in 1984to 114in 1988.Oneexecutiontook placein 1988.

Table 59
- INMATEPOPULATION BY RACEAND SEX 1984 1988

W e Male Non White Male
Whitc Female NonWhiteFcmale

6,114 38.9% 8,854 563%
292 1.9% 471 3.0%

6,2!54 38.4% 9,197 56.4%
342 2.1% 506 3.1%

6,569 37.8% 9,847 56.7%
365 2.1% 582 3.4%

6,449 36.6% 10,302 58.5%
310 1.8% 564 3.2%

6,468 34.3% 11,444 60.6%
347 1.8% 611 3.2%

~Ducto~pu#n~donot~totPl10046.
lbru@re8 rrpltleat inautcanmtstaken kDecember ofeachyear.
.Soorce: GDC

Table 60

--
RwtandSer.

INMATEPOPULATIONBY RACE,AGE AND SEX, 1988

--

--

--

-

00-21 22-39

AIF
4054 55-99

Total 96

% Total Population

White Male

639 4,335

rn 270

6,468 36%

34%

Nun White Male

la()

rn 228 11,444 64%

61%

Tstrrl

1939 12-

2,609 498

17,912 10096

White Female

16 251

68 12

347 36%

2%

Non White Female

48 477

71 15

611 64%

3%

N o k Figuses rrpnsentinmate countstaken in Decemberof 1988. SaUFc:GDC

INMATE POPULATION BY RACE 1L SEX, 1988

'----' NON W/M 81% Table 61
- INMATE POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, 1984 1988

Violent Personal Non-violent Personal
Property Drug Sales Drug Possession Victimless
Alcohol*
HTV & DUI** Sex Offenders**
Other
Not Reported***

Total Reported

15,731 100.0%

16,299 100.0%

0

Note:

Due to rounding, percentages do not alwaystotal 100%. These figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. *Beginningin 1985, a new crime type "Alcohol"was added and the crime type "Victimless"was delcted.
Beginning in 1987,"HTV & DUI"were taken from the crime type "Alcohol" and categorizedseparately,alsothe crime type "Sex Offender"was added.
***Beginningin 1988, thc categoryof *NotReported" was added.

17,625 100.0%

18,870 100.096

Table 62

Sentence in Years

- INMATE SENTENCE LENGTH IN YEARS, 1984 1988

0-1 1.1-2 2.1-3 3.1-4 4.1-5 5.1-6 6.1-7 7.1-8 8.1-9 9.1-10 10.1-12 12.1-15 15.1-20 20.1-over Lie Death Youthful Offender Not Reported*

Total

15,731 100.0% 16,299 100.0% 17,363 100.0%

Note:

Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. These figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year.
A new category of "NotReported"began in 1988.

Source: GDC

17,625 100.0%

18,870 100.0%

Table 63

INMATE SENTENCE IN YEARS BY AGE AND SEX, 1988

Sentence in Years

Age

Men

Women

00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total

0-1

210

1.1-2

93

2.1-3

168

3.1-4

121

4.1-5

264

5.1-6

176

6.1-7

85

7.1-8

52

8.1-9

84

9.1-10

14

10.1-12 213

12.1-15

53

15.1-20

94

20.1-over 97

Life

104

Death

2

Youthful

Offender

8

Not Reported* 1

Grand % Total %

Total

1,839 12,966 2,609 498 17,912 100% 64 728 139

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 10070. Figures represent inmate counts taken in December of 1988. Sentence in years is indicated 1.1-2 meaning one year and one day to two years. * The category "Not Reported" began in 1988.
Source: GDC

27 958 100% 18,870 100%

Figure 28
INMATE SENTENCE LENGTHS, 1988
NUMBER SENTENCED

0-1 1.1-1

4.1- l ~ . l - , l . l - ~ l l O . l - l

10.1-0

LIFE

Y.O.

11.1 - 1 0 10.1-OVER DEATH

YEARS SENTENCED

'Y.O.' YOUTHFUL OFFENDER

- llEH PERSONS SENTENCED

Table 64

INMATE CRIME CATEGORIES BY AGE AND SEX, 1988

Crimes by Group

Men

Women

GNnd

22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % Total %

Homicide

Abortion

W i l y Injury & Rel Off

Arson & Rel Off

Damage of Property

Burglary and Rel Off

Forgery and Re1 Off

Theft

Robbery

Sexual Offenses

Obscenity Crimes

0

Treason & Rel Off

0

Crimes Involving Govt

0

Falsifications

0

Obstruct Law Enforcement 0

Disorderly Conduct

2

Gambling & Rel Off

0

Crueltyto Children

4

Crimes with Guns

1

Invasion Privacy

0

Racketeering

0

Drug Abuse Offenses 125

Drug Trafficking

20

Auto Crimes

3

Revenue & Contraband 0

Crimes of Other States

0

M i . Felonies

3

Misdemeanors

18

Total Reported

1,838 12,961 2,605 498 17,902 99% 64 726 139 27 956 99% 18,858 99%

Not Reported

1

5

4

0 10

0 2 0 0 2

12

Total

1,839 12,966 2,609 498 17,912 100% 64 728 139 27 958 100% 18,870 lWb

Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not alwaystotal 100%.R g u re~present countstaken in December 1988. Source: GDC

PROBATIONER PROFILE
Except for 1984, probation data are available for each of the last four years. The trend clearly indicates an increase in probationers since 1985with a slight decrease shown in 1987 (See Table 65).
Analysis of the most serious crimes committed by probationers indicates that the greatest number of

probationers were involved in property crimes rather than violent crimes (See Table 67).
As the number of probationers increased, the number of probationers on first offender status also increased. In 1988 more probationerswere on first offender status than at any other time (See Table 70).

Table 65
- PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX, 1984 1988

White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female Not Reported

-

41,660 44.2%

45,221 44.8%

45,197 45.0%

47,828 44.4%

-

34,619 38.4%

39,860 39.5%

38,673 38.5%

41,066 38.2%

-

7,117 7.9%

8,000 7.9%

8,354 8.3%

9,262 8.6%

-

6,736 7.5%

7,766 7.7%

8,165 8.1%

9,453 8.8%

-

0

0

0

1 0.0%

Total

-

90,132 100.0% 100,847 100.0%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December. Data for 1984 is unavailable.
Source: GDC

100,389 100.0%

107,610 100.0%

Table 66
PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE, AGE AND SEX, 1988

Race and Sex
White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female
Total Reported
Not Reported
Total

Age

Men

Women

Grand

00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % Total %

6,658 5,048
0 0

32,001 28,305
0 0

8,735 7,401
0 0

11,706 60,306 16,136

434 47,828 53%

0

0

0

312 41,066 46%

0

0

0

0

0 0% 1,243 6,489 1,472

0

0 0% 991 7,020 1,396

746 88,894 99% 2,234 13,509 2,868

0

0 0% 47,828 44%

0

0 0% 41,066 38%

58 9,262 49% 9,262 8%

46 9,453 50% 9,453 8%

104 18,715 100% 107,609 99%

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

11,706 60,307 16,136 746 88,895 100% 2,234 13,509 2,868 104 18,715 100% 107,610 100%

Note: Figures represent counts of probationers taken in Deceniber of 1988. Source: GDC
Figure 29

PROBATION POPULATION
BY RACE AND SEX, 1988

NON W/F
Q%

\-/ W/F

NON W/M

38%

8%

Table 67
- PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE. 1984 1988

Violent Personal Non-violent Personal
hope* Drugsales DrugP@oll Alcohol (except DUI)
HabitualV i i o r / D U I
Sex Offenders Other

Total Reported

- 90,132 100.0% 100,847 100.0%

Not Reported

-

0

0

Total

- 90,132 100.096 100,847 100.096

Note:

Due to rounding,pemntages do not always total 100%. Beginningin 1985,a newcrime type *Alcoholwwas added. New criw types "HabitualVidator/DUIWand *Sue Offenders"wen added in 1987. F i q r t f e n t countsof probationemWren ieDecember. h t a for 1984isunavailable.

Table 68

Crime

PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, AGE AND SEX, 1988

4s

Men

Women

Grand

00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % Total %

Vident Perronrt Non V i t Pemmal
Rwope*-
DnrgPonUa8b
Ac&ol (noapt DUO Habitual V i t m l D U I Sex Offemkr Other

Not Reported

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total

11,706 60,307 16,136 746 88,895 100% 2,234 13,509 2,868 104 18,715 100% 107,610 100%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December, 1988.

Source: GDC

150

Figure 30
PROBATION POPULATION
BY CRIME TYPE, 1988
NUMBER REPORTED

Vlolent Non-vlolent Property Drug Sale8 Drue

Aloohol HTV A DUl

Sex

Personal Personal

Pos8esslon (exoept Dull

Offender

CRIME TYPE

I

I ON PROBATION

Other

Table 69

WbG-P

PROBATION POPULATION BY CRIME CATEGORY, AGE AND SEX,1988

4F

Men

Age

Women

Grand

00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % Total %

Homidde
Injury & Rcl Off Anoa&RclOff
DuartcofPropcrty WlrLLtyuM3 Rcl Off hrgcly .ndRcl Off Tbeh
-ig
k u d Offenses obscenity Criwo Trrwn&RclOff CrimeflnvdviagGovt
p.loifiatioar
Obrtnrt Law Eaforceme Dirordcrty Conduct Gambling& Rcl Off Crueltyto Chilhn CrimesWith Gum Imarionof Privscy -1tetCC~g Drug Abuse Of'fcll~es
k g-T Auto Crimes
Revenue & Contraband Crimes of Other States Mire, Felonier Mi%kmcanols

Not Rcported

0

0

0

0

0 0%

0

0

0

0

0 0%

0%

Note: Due to rounding,percentagesdo not alwaystotal 100%. F i rrpreKnt countstaken in December,1988.
Source: GDC

Table 70
- ACTIVE PROBATIONERS ON FIRST OFFENDER STATUS, 1984 1988

On 1st Off Status Not on 1st Off Status

- l2,544 15.7% 13,382 15.4% 14,412 163% 15,897 17.0%

-

67,385 84.3%

73,718 84.6%

74,058 83.7%

79,525 833%

Total Reported Not Reported

- 79,929 100.0% 87,100 100.0%

- 10,203

13,747

TOTAL

- 90,132

100,847

Note:

Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December. "Not Reported" indicates reports not received by GDC

88,470 100.0% 13,919
100389

95,422 100.0%
a=
107,610

Being sentenced under the F i t OffenderAct does not oeccssarily imply that a probationer is a f m t time offender. Any violator may ask to be sentenced under the First OffenderAct as one of severaldiierent optionsopen to them. Occasionally,personswith one or more prior convictionswill be ~ n t e I I ~ uendder this act.
These data should be vicwed as only an estimation of the number of fmt time violatorsof first offendur oa a c h pmb8tioa arcb.dr

Sounx: GDC

Table 71

F i t Offender

FIRST OFFENDER BY AGE AND SEX, 1988,

Age

Men

00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total

&

Women

% 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total

C)rmd
% Total

On 1st Offender Status

3,134 7,24)8 l a 2

Not on 1st Offender Status 7,394 46,234 12,879

Total Reported Not Reported

10,528 53,442 14,121 1,178 6,865 2,OlS

Total

11,706 60,307 16,136

56 11,640 14% 770 2,902 563 610 67,117 85% 1,220 9,lSE 1,971

666 78,757 100% 1,990 12,060 u 3 4

80 10,138

244 1,449 334

746 888%

w 1 3 9 9 2W

22 4,257 25% 15,897 59 12,408 74% 79,525

81. 16,665 10096 95,422

23 2,050

12,188

104 14715

107,610

Note:

Due to rounding, pemntagts do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December, 1988. "Not Reported" indicates reports not received by GDC.

Being sentenced under the F i t OffenderAct dots not necessarily imply that a probationer is a fixst time offender. Anyviolator may ask to be sentenced under the First OffenderAct as one of severaldifferentoptions open to them. Occasionally,persons with one or more prior convictionswill be sentenced under this act. These data should be vicwed asonly an estimation of the nuhber of first time violators of fust offenderson active probation caulode.

Soum: GDC

INTRODUCTION
The executive clemency powers of the State of Georgia are vested exclusively in the State Board of Pardons and Paroles.TheBoard is composedoffivemembers appointed by the Governor for seven-year terms, subject to confirmation by the State Senate. Each year the Board elects one of its members to serve as Chairman.
The Board was establishedin 1943with its authorityestablishedin theGeorgiaConstitution.Its existenceensuresthat the Executive Branch of government has a discretionary role in criminaljustice. Thusin Georgia'sjustice system, the Board provides some of the checks and balances deemed necessary by the framers of the Constitution.
The Board is empowered to grant or deny clemency to inmates incarceratedforviolation of the state's criminallaws. It has Constitutional authority to grant paroles, pardons, and reprieves; to commute and remit sentences; and to restore civil and political rights. It has authority and staff to investigate cases and to supervise persons granted conditional clemency.
Before the Board considers an inmate for parole, it conducts investigations.Detailed investigative reports become a part of the Board's case file, which is separate from files maintained by the Department of Corrections.
Initially, a parole officer studies arrest and court records and may talk with arrestingofficers, court officials,victims, and witnessesto prepare a legal investigationreport on the details of an inmate's current offense and a summary of any prior offenses in the same county.
Subsequently, a parole officer interviews the inmate and completesa personal history statement questionnaire.The inmate is asked, among other things, where he has resided, attended school, names and locations of family members, whom he has chosen as references, where he plans to live and work, and what his own account is of his crime. A social investigation is also conducted which includes interviews with persons mentioned in the personal history statement.
Before any inmate is paroled, the Board reviews a Parole ReviewSummaryfromthe Department of Corrections.The summary provides data on the inmate's behavior, attitude, physical status, mental and emotionalcondition,participation in activities, and performance in work and training programs while incarcerated. At it's discretion, the Board may request detailed psychological andlor psychiatric opinions before considering a case. All information generated by parole officers and other officials, which become a matter of record within the Board of Pardons and Paroles, are used to prepare summaries of Board actions.
Paroles are granted based on Parole Decision Guidelines that were established to assist the Board in making consistent and accurate assessments of the factors that will affect each prospective parolee's chances for success upon release. Excluded from guideline decisions are life sentences and sentences for armed robbery.

The Board initiallyidentifies the crime severitylevel of the
individual. The crime committed is ranked from Level I to
W, with W being the most severe. Those ranked in the higher severitycategorieswillservelonger.Thenext areaof consideration is parole success factors. These include age
at first commitment, prior convictio~(~jusvenile and adult), prior incarcerationsinceage 17,paroleorprobationfailure, use, possession, or attempt to obtain heroin or opiates, whether current offenses involved burglary or forgery, whether fully employed during six months prior to current offense, and other factors.
From these weighted factors, along with the severity level, the Board calculates the individual's parole success likelihood score. This score, along with the crime severity level, is inserted into a guidelines chart which indicates the actual time the inmate s h o d serve. The Board reviews these data, and if approved, the inmate is advised of an expected release date. The inmate is released on this date provided the Board receives no seriousdisciplina~re~ports on the individual prior to the release date. If the length of time to be served, as determined by the Board, is greater than the actual sentence length, the inmate will serve the sentence issued by the court. In no casewill the Board add time to an inmate's sentence. As of November 1988 the Board employed 539 individuals with 211 of these employees engaged in actual investigation andlor super-
vision of 10,101 parolees. During F d Year 1988, the
Board released a total of l2,398stateinmates&omconfinement through its actions.
Board of Pardons and Paroles Data
The Board of Pardons and Paroles collects its own data, compiling it for internal function requirements, as wen as making it available to the criminal justice community as needed.It reflectsnot onlyworkload,but certainqualitative factors concerning the adivity of the Board.
PROFILEOF PARDONS AND PAROLES
Pardonandparole datawerecompiled ona fiscalyear basis at the end of June rather than at the end of December for 1984 through 1986. Beginning with 1987, the *es arc compiled on a calendar year basis. Table 72 provides all availablepardon and paroIe data from 1984to 1988.
1987 and 1988 are peak years for Parole Board activity. There were 11,02A parole releases in 1987 and 1l,353 in 1988,while there were 2,702 returns to prison in 1987and 58% in 1988.
1984and 1988are peak years for pardons, with l.29and 161 pardons issued respectively.
Most of the data indicate considerable variance in the amount of activity during the fiw year period. One noticeabletrend is the increase in the number of commutationsto timesewed.A major factor isthe increasinginmatepopuh-
tion forcingfewer denialsof parole andther e k ofmore
prisoners.

Table 72
- PROFILE OF PAROLE BOARD ACTIVITY, 1984 1988

Pudt

cditiod Trader to Detainer

YaatMd Offender Cbdtional Release

. . Comm-

t o T i Served

RermsgoPrto-

supervised Repaim andC b d t m d Commutation Othcr RcfeaseA c h x SpecialRelease

TeCrlRdeasedbyBorrrd

Revocation of Parole
R a m a t bdYoolthfui Offender ConditionalRelease
cractlrstioadSPpervisedReprieve c a d l a t hof R~D&VCand ConditionalCommutation
Other Revocationb dCancellatioa SpecialRelease
TeblRctarnrtoPrlsonbyBoard

Parole Case Denied Dischatgc from Parole Youthful Offender Unconditional Release Restoration of Civil and Political Rights
A) Upon Dkharge from Parde B) Upon Application Pardon Medical or (lmpasdonate Reprieve Commutation Redu- Sentence
(without~inrcleaac) Dcatb Seetca# C o m m d o n Granted
Dcsth Sentence Commutation Denied Vdar Intuvimim CentralOffice Inmate Intcdcw at Institution Prclimhaq Revacation Heering Ffnal~tionHcarinR otbu Board Actions ~ai~Credit
TQt.lOtbtrActlons byBoard

TotalInmPtesat End of ReportingPeriod Pprde Borud R e h Under Supervision at End of Reporting Period (Youth Offcndars) Tabl Parole Board Releasea Under Supervision
Cases Reviewed Under Parole Guidelines Liftrs Caarsidmd for Parole LifersGranted Parole lifersGranted Pat& at First Consideration

5,885
200
443 8 7
1,478 8,021
1,190
37-1
17 1,578

6,144 249 28 13 3
-
769 7,206
1,m
160
11 2,091

7,611 265 2 17 7 0
1,312 0
9,214
5006 25
0 71 2 J02

7,652 238 0
5846 2 0
286 0
11,024
5649 2
51 0 2,702

6,968 243 0
3,901 2 0
239 0
11,353
2893 0 1 0 2
28%

19.111

18,054

18,860 17,940 19,479

15,514
534 793
6303

16,415
5,799 478
6,738

17,068
8,079 218
9,582

18,617
9,902 94
10,917

18,787
10,358 0
10,358

w by CompuFr! j q v k s Unit,S+te Board of Pardons and Paroles. ueannplka m Juned q p h b k yw for 1984through 1986.Data for 1967a d 1988are calendaryuu.

V STATEMENTS FROM SENIOR OFFICIALS

MICHAEL J. BOWERS
Attorney General, State of Georgia
Attorney General Bowers was educated at the U.S.
MilitaryAcademy, StanfordUniversityand the University of Utah. After service in the Air Force, he attended the University of Georgia Law School. A member of the State Law Department since 1974,he became Georgia's fifty-firstAttorney General in 1981.

Tern Maintaining an effectivecriminaljustice
and sustaining the public's confidence in t must remain among the highest priorities of government. To do so requires a commitment of the public will and the public treasury:there can be no cheapjustice.
Combating crime, particularly the drug plague, requires a commitment of resources to law enforcement. Swift and sure dispensationof justice requires a commitment of resources to the judiciary. Effective punishment requires a commitment of resources to the prison system. A serious desire to rehabilitate requires a commitment of resources to probation and parole services as well as to the prison system.

The engine drivingthe criminaljustice system today is space in the prison system. Because we have not built adequatelyto meet incxeasing demands we are unable to confie as many as should be confined for as long as needed. Punishment, in reality, is based on how badly the space is needed for the next felon in the pipeline rather than on a judge's conscious decision of what punishment is appropriate for the offense committed.
We must break that cyc'le of overcrowdingthe prisons, seekingshort term solutionsto reduce the inmate population, then ovedlliq the prisons again. We must commit the money to build adequate prison space, and we must do it for the long term. Appropriations for new prisons by the General Assembly in its 1989session are a significant step forward.

THOMAS 0.MARSHALL
Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Georgia
Thomas 0.Marshall received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the United States Naval Academy and earned his law degree at the University of Georgia. He was appointed a member of the Supreme Court of Georgia in 1977and now serves as Chief Justice of that court.

Thework of the SupremeCourt of Georgia is

rcfleded accurately, I believe, in our annual

taednyc&rimionfaclraipmpineaallscwaseerediasfpfoirsmitieodn-s-.

Nine out of with no al-

teration whatever. In 4% of appeals, the conviction

was affirmed, with some modification to the sen-

tence. In 5%, new trials were ordered upon rever-

sals.

In one case (out of a total of 146 appeals) the con-
viction was vacated and the defendant discharged. This case involved the violation of a statute which had been repeated when the case was tried.

The courts's actions on petitions to reviewjudgments of the Court of Appeals, and on habeas cor-
pus applications, isreflected in the attached report.

What these figures indicate is that thejudges and juries of Georgia are conducting criminal prosecutions with a high degree of competence, and in that, the whole community can take comfort.
What isain a proper order is our system (or our
non-system) of indigent defense. Year after year, the General Assembly has refused to provide any funding,castingthe burden upon counties, many of whom are sorely strapped for funds. The result of
that is that the quality of justice is diminished, and
that the finalvalidity of criminal convictionsare placed in doubt.

An adequate system of indigent defense serves two goals., that no one should be convicted of a crime without the constitutional protection of the right of counsel; and that convictions, once returned, should not be upset because of a want of this constitutional guarantee.

- SUPREMECOURTOF GEORGIA
Criminal Case Dispositions January December, 1988

1.Cases filed bycriminal defendants,includingdirect appealsand granted petitions for certiorari and habeas corpus:

(a) Convicted affirmed (includes dismissals)

146 (90%)

(b) Conviction affirmed, sentence modified

6 (4%)

(c) Conviction reversed, new trial ordered

8 (5%)

(d) Conviction vacated and defendant discharged

1 (1%)

2. Petitionsfor certiorari to reviewjudgment of Court of Appeals, fded by criminal defendants:

(a) Granted

11 (8%)

(b) Denied or dismissed

122 (92%)

3. Applications for certificateof probable causeto review the denial of habeas corpus, filed by criminal defendants:

(a) Granted

13 (8%)

(b) Denied or dismissed

147 (92%)

Please note: The foregoing reflects all dispositions relative to the review of final convictions in criminal cases. It does not include review of certain interlocutoly matters,

JAMEs ROBERT (Robbie) HAMRICK
Director, Georgia Bureau of Investigation
Mr. Hamrick received his Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice from Georgia State University. He is a graduate of the FBI National Academy and a past president of the FBI Academy Associates.
Mr. Hamrick has been actively employed in law enforcement since 1959, when he began his career with the Department of PublicSafety. He was a p pointed as SpecialAgent with the GeorgiaBureau of Investigation in 1%9. On September 4,1985 Mr. Hamrick was appointedby the Governor and the State Board of Public Safety as Director of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation

SinceJanuary 1988, the GBI and its Crime Information Center (GCIC) have seen five years of planning and research pay off with the installation of the multi-million dollar Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). During the past year, great progress has been made toward realizing the fullcapabilitiesof this technologicallyadvanced crime-fighting tool.
AFIS processing of incoming fingerprint cards has begun. The system is designed to process 1,600 cards and 1,000final dispositionreports per day. Whenever fewer than 1,600 cards are received, cards from GCIC's 1986backlogwillbe added to that day's processing work load The backlog should disappear, processed into the AFIS and Computerized Criminal History (CCH) data bases, in less than 24 months of fullAFIS operations.
By late 1989, the NEC AFIS computers and GCIC's new Unisys mainframe computer will work together to process incoming cards and send new or updated rapsheets to computer terminals of the agencies that submitted the cards to GCIC. The system has been designed to send rapsheets eight hours after processing of cards begins at GCIC. Rapsheetsfor non-terminal agencieswillbe mailed out the next day.
The GCIC master frngerprintfile now has more than a million criminal cards and all have been con-
verted for AFE operations and loaded into the
AFIS computers and onto optical disks. The Latent Cognizant File, the data base used in matching latent prints from crime scenes, has digitized print images from more than 360,000 of those of-

fenderslikely to be involved in future criminalacts. Age and previous criminal record were the prin-
cipal factorsin decidingwhich were selectedfor the Latent Cognizant File.
When a latent print from a crime scene is submitted to the Bureau's Division of Forensic Sciences by local law enforcement, it willbe searched against the Latent Cognizant File. If no match or "hit" made, the latent print willbe stored and will be compared with eachof the incoming 1600cards processed each day by A m .
Until February 15th 1989,all of the sixty matches of latent prints where no suspect identification data were availablebeforehandinvolved armed robbery or burglary cases. On that date, AFIS processing of a partial latent print found at a mutder scene in Cartersville, led to the identificationof the Bartow County man who was charged with the murder of Mrs. AUie Roper, Governor Harris' aunt. This first major case success for AFIS was based on solid professionalism demonstratedby a sheriff's department, a municipal police department, and all three GBI Divisions.
AFIS is the most promising crime-fighting tool developed during the past quarter-century. With the addition of a few more Division of Forensic Sciences personnel to process latent prints for AFIS searches, law enforcement agencies throughout Georgia willbe able to take complete advantage of the new GBI servicesthat AFIS technology will provide, 24 hours a day and seven days a week.

Duringthe year coveredby thisreport Georgia Law Enforcement Agencies were confronted with mmral major challenges and, through professiodism and teamwork, met them with great success.Thesejoint operationsoccupied a substantial
portion of time and budget and were subjected to intense public scrutiny.

InJanuarythe GeorgiaStatePatrol contriiuted

350Troopersto the security detail for the so-called

"FreedomMarchers"in F o r e County.There, the

combination of GBI agents, Department of Natural

Resources Rangers, Forsyth County SherifPs

Deputies aud Georgia State 'I

insured that

the p a was kept intact.

But an ewcnb i i r challenge

Q July. The

first ever national nominating convention was com-

ing to Atlanta and the Security problems were

manifest. But once again, carefuz detailed planniug

and meticulous execution prevailed. The security

details for the Democratic National Convention re-

quiredthe presence of 420 Troopersfor more than

twoweeks in July. Other members of the Depart-

ment ofpublic Safety also were committed to the

Chmntim and when the last politician boarded a

p h out of Atlanta the tally of man hours ex-

finded by DPS totalled 72,657.

The primary mission of the Georgia State Patrol was to provide securityfor the Georgia World Congress Center. The actual convention site was the Omni Colliseum, but since the Omni was only large
enough to hold the general sessions, the GWCC, directly across InternationalBoulevard,was designatedto handle all other activities associated with

COLONEL CURTIS D. EARP, JR
Commissioner, Georgia Department of Public Safety
A Distinguished Military Graduate of the ROTC Program at Florida State University, he was cornmissioned as a Regular Army Officer, Military Police, in August 1960.ColonelEarp is a graduate of the Infantry Oficer Basic Course; Airborne, Ranger, and Pathfinder Schools; the Military Police Office Familiarization Course; the Military Police Officer Advanced Course; and the US Army Command and General Staff College. His civilian education includesboth Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in criminology from Florida State University.
Colonel Earp assumed duties as Commissioner and Commander, Georgia State Patrol on 3 October 1986.

the convention-parties, caucuses, meetings and the working quarters for the 15,000members of the news media that gathered to cover the convention.

The majority of the Trooper securityforcewas employed within and immediately around the GWCC, with an average of 113Troopersworking
on three eight-hour shifts. AU shifts had a four-
hour quick-alert standby shift at their motels, which provided GSP with a ready reaction force if needed. An additional 50 Troopers were brought to Atlanta and made a part of a riot control force under the control of the Atlanta Police Depart-
ment.

With (

urate con

s from other state

forces, an absolutelysolid securityblanket was thrown over the convention. Only a few scattered
and insignificantincidents occurred around the
periphery and Inothing disrupted the conventionitself. The perf01rmance w,asa remarkable testament to the professic~nalismolF Georgia Law Enforce-
ment.

During 1988GSP also met the challenge of drugs. By continuing our Aggressive Criminal Enforcement program, our Troopers are making traffic stops that ultimatelylead to confiscation of narcotic. and contraband cash. In 1988 GSP seized 336 kilos of cocaine, 491 kilos of marijuana, 11 kilos of crack cocaine, and $1,654,555 in contraband cash.

In 1987nearly every statementfrom senior law enforcement officials in this publication carried some

mention of the threat posed by the drug traffic. I have little doubt that most will also see drugs as the major problem that willface us in 1989.But looming on the horizon is another threat; one that all of us in Georgia need to be particularlycognizant of.
What is this threat? Internationalterrorism. The unrest over the chain of succession in Iran does little to mitigate the threat that once was articulated by Hashemi Rafsanjani, speaker of the Iranian Parliament. Thiswas a call for Palestinians to commit terrorist acts against the United States, Great Britain and France. While Palestiniansloyal to Yasser Arafat publicly rejected Rafsanjani's call to murder, other terrorist organizationshave remained silent. Equally dangerous, however, is the probability that non-Palestinian groups, s u p ported directlyor indirectlyby Iran, Syria or Libya, will initiate a terrorist campaign against the United States that can result in murder, the destruction of property and widespread intimidation.
The infrastructure of terrorism---recruits, funds, weapons, target intelligence, forged documents and safe houses--is already solidly in place in Western Europe and there is evidence that it also in the United States. Within US. borders, the U.S. intelligence community and law-enforcement authoritieshave long been aware of the existence of a loosely organized group of terrorists awaiting orders from Iran to move ahead.
The March, 1989bombing in San Diego of the car belonging to the captain of the Vincemes, the U.S. warship responsible for downing the Iranian airliner in the Persian Gulf in the summer of 1988,

was a bold move that illustratesthe viability ofth: terrorist threat. There is good reason for the bold-
ness of thew sponsors of internationalterrorha In the past decade, more than 90 percent of all terrorist incidentsworldwidehavebeen at least partly successful. Thispermits the Irans, Syrias and Libyas of thisworld to wage a low-cost, low-risk form of warfare that is difficult to counter.
Nor is the middle east terrorist all that we must be vigilant against. In 1988a New JerseyState
Trooper made a routine traffic stop and discovered a Japanese terrorist, with materials for a bomb in his trunk, bound for Fort Dix, New Jersey.
Just think about the array of tempting targets in
Georgia. Start with HartsfieldInternationalAir-
port, or the downtown area with its impressive number of consulates and foreign trade offices. Look at the military objectives--Dobb'i Air Force
Base; Warner Robbibs Air ForceBase;Kings Bay Naval Base; and Forts Benning, Gordon and
Stewart.
The only way to deal with terrorism is to stop it before it happens. And tws why I say that this growing threat is one that must concern every law enforcement officer in Georgia.

President, Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police
Chief John Perry of Thomasvilleis currently serving as President of the Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police. A graduate of the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, he has been in law enforce ment for over 25years. Hisw e e r began with the Atlanta Police Department where he was employed in sworn positions until January 1975 when he was hired as Chief of Police, Thomasville, Georgia

CriminalJustice in Georgiais like good goat cheese.At first, the smellis not too bad; in fact, it looks and smells pretty good. The more it stands, the more it smells. If left unattended, it gets down right offensive!
Q i m i dJustia is a three-legged animal. We know it as Law Enforcement, Court and Corrections. When one part of that animal is not functioning properly, it effeds the other two parts proportionally. In the past, rising crime rates were attributed to poor performance by law enforcement. We just were not smart enough to handle the new require-
- mentsb e i iplaced upon us by the Courts. We had
to readjust by b e i imore informed, i.e. specialized training and formalized education. We did this all too well. Law enforcement now does such a goodjob of catchingand prosecuting,criminals, that we have backlogged the Courts and Corrections.Law enforcementin Georgia is too effective!
The Court System in Georgia is in need of a more
professional approach to managing their workload.
It has worked well in the past due to the quality of
our judges, but their workload has gotten to the point whereby they can not manage it alone anymore. The Statemust spend more money to as-
sist our localjudges to manage their increased
workload. We also need more judges and pra6ecutors.
Our prosecutors do such goodwork, that our jails and prisons are continuouslyovercrowded. Corrections must now stand up and be heard! People are reluctant to put their hard earned taxes into prisonsnow b e i imandated by Federal Courts.

Prisons that are better built and maintained than their own homes tend to turn folks off.
Do we really need to warehouse all our prisoners? I think not. We most certainlyneed to punish them and keep them away from our law abiding citizens. This can be accomplished by the State (translated to mean our elected oficials) spending our money to protect us from the criminals that law enforcement catches, courts convict and corrections receives.
I am not a Corrections trained person. I know very little about their internal needs or problems. I am a well informed, educated law enforcement person that recognizes, along with a host of others, that somethingmust be done now to keep criminals away from their victims long enough to exert some punishment upon them for their misdeeds!
We can no longer turn criminals loosejust to make room for more. There must be a sincere move by our elected officials to address the problem of prison overcrowdiig. The answer is not turning them loose, but in finding workable alternatives. The only message beiig sent to our criminals and their friends now is "Crime Paysn.The time has now arrived for us to attend to our cheese!

SHERIFF GREGORYT.COURSEY
President,Georgia Sheriffs'Association
Sheriff Gregory Coursey of Burke County is President of the Georgia Sheriffs' Association for 198889. He is a graduate of Waynesboro High School and attended both Valdosta State College and Augusta College. He is currently servingas chairman of the C.S.R.A. Law Enforcement Training Center Advisory Board, is a member of the National Sheriffs' Associationand is active in the Peace Oficers Association of Georgia.

Working together is the key to solving the problems faced by all branches of law enfotcement. I think it is important that all law enforcement agencies cooperate. City, county, state and federal agencies are fighting the same battle, but in many instances, we don't join forces.
Our number one problem today is drugs and it is dehnitelya war that one agency cannot win.It will take law enforcement as a whole to make any impact in stopping this crime that is ruining our society.
It is my belief that not until we eradicate the illegal use of drugs will the immense pressure on our jails be substantially eased. Until we achieve a drug-free country' agencies involved in the criminaljustice system have the moral responsibility to help resolve the crises in our jails.
Jail overcrowdingis a seriousproblem facing Georgia sheriffstoday. Georgia's countyjails are holding more than 14,000 inmates in facilities that were designed to hold less than 10,000.Approximately 4,000 of these inmates are sentenced and belong in state institutions. Our county jails are pre-trial detention facilities. They are not now nor have they ever been designed for long term care. The overcrowding of our countyjails is creating a tremendous hardship on the sheriffsin this state and the tax payers at the local level. It is costing local governments millions of dollars in room and board, medical and dental expenses to house state prisoners.

Because of the serious overcrowding, sheriffs are also being bombarded with law suits. Every day we
are concerned about injuries, hygiene, and riots oc-
curring in our jails. We have already had several riots in localjails since the first of the year and, as overcrowding continues to inaease, the threat of riots causing damage, bodily injury and harm to prisoners in our custody and our own personnel becomes even more real.
Today, the criminaljustice system is no longer effective. Because the state has run out of prison space, there are now roughly120,000individuals in Georgia on probation and about 11,000on parole. Inmates are spendingonly a fraction of their sentences in confinement, generally se* one montb of incarceration for each year of sentence.
With offenders serving only a small portion of their sentences,behavior modiliation programs have become ineffective. Recent U. S. Justice Depart-
ment studiesc o n f i i that large numbers ofin-
mates who are released early simply return to their home communities and commit new offenses. Georgia's criminals who once feared incarceration, now only consider it a minor inconvenience.
The state of Georgia must assume their responsibility of their state inmates and get this unfairburden off local government and local taxpayers. This is a tax burden that should be spread out over the entire state. The state of Georgia has the resources or at least the taxing authority through sales tax or income tax to generate the revenue to solve this problem.

Next, we must begin incarcerating low-risk, repeat offenders in minimum security beds. More than half of the prison population are property, DUI, or other non-violent criminals who stay in prison for very short periods of time, typically only a few months. A minimum security facility can be built relatively inexpensivelyand can become operational in a short period of time.
Fdy,we must restore confidence in our criminal
justice system. Both the tax payer and offender alike need to know that the sentences handed down will be meaningful and that crime will be punished to the full extent.
It is time for the people of the state of Georgia to call for an end to the tolerance of criminal behavior. We need to demand a stop to drugs in our community. We must put an end to violence. We must protect our children.If we all agree that these are goals worth pursuing, we must also agree that they are worth paying for, whether that be money to build morejail and prison space or becoming more supportive of law enforcement.

ROBERT L DOSS, JR
Director, Administrative OfIice of the Courts
Mr. Doss received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Economics and a Master of Science degree in Criminal Justice and Urban Affairs from Georgia State University. He is also a Certified Graduate Fellow of the Institute for Court Management.
He came to the Administrative Office of the Courts in July 1973, as Assistant Director and has served as Director since September 1975.

Recent trends in caseload signify major achievements by Georgia's superior courts. In the ten-year period from 1978to 1987,superior court judges were able to reduce the average time required to dispose of a case by 50%. This accomplishment was made despite a 30% increase in the number of cases filed in these courts.
During this period, there has been a marked reduction in the estimated average case processing time (the estimated t i e from filing to disposition of all types of cases) from 10.6 months to 5.4 months. The greatest decreaseoccurred from 1982through 1987, when case processing time fell from 10.7 months (a slight increase from 1978) to 5.4 months. Improvement in these figures has been especially significant when considered along with a 39% increase in total filings during this five-year period.
Researchers at the Administrative Office of the Courts investigated a number of topics other than processing times for various types of cases in a 1988study, includingjudicial workload, open cases, and case backlog. The analysis also disclosed that the number of open cases decreased by 37% during the five-year period. Percentages of case backlog (criminal cases over four months old and civil cases older than six months) fell from 70% in 1982to 59% in 1987.
Estimated time for processing domestic relations cases, which fell by almost 60%, decreased the most substantially of the three major types of cases handled in superior courts. Average times for processing felony, general civil, and domestic relations cases are now generallywithin the time

guidelines proposed by national court management organizations.
The decline in open caseload has been attribwed to the determination and special efforts of our su-
perior court judges. The Chief Justice of the Geargia Supreme Court has commended them for
taking the initiative in introducing techniques for more effective case management. Among the reasons cited for the decline in estimated case processing time are expandeduse of computersby courts, more productive procedures for court administration, effectivemethods of case managment, efficient calendaring techniques, and the positive benefit of the 21 additional superior court judgeships created by the General Assembly that became effective from 1982through 1987.
The reality of increasing caseloads confronts our judges every day. In a single year, 1986-1987, felonies filed in superior courts rose by 12%. With no automatic increases in funding or staff, the courts must somehowdeal with significantgrowth in caseload over a short period. So far they have shown that they have been successful in case management and in reducing the number of open cases.

DAVID C. EVANS, COMMISSIONER
Georgia Department of Corrections
Commissioner Evans was educated at Georgia State Universityand East T e ~ e s s eSetate University. He began his w e e r with the Stateof Georgia in 1%5 working in key positionswith the Georgia State Budget Bureau, Department of Human Resources. Mr. Evans has served as Commissioner for the Department of Correctionssince 1976.

During the past year, as in preceding years, the Georgia Department of Corrections has been faced with an ever increasing number of offenders. We continue to operate our facilities over design capacity and at the same time the caseload of our Probation offenders continues to grow. And we are not alone, thisproblem of the increase in the num-
-- ber of offendersimpactsthe entire criminaljustice
community from the judge, to the county jails who are also operatingover capacity(and many under court order), to the state institutions, to the staff charged with supervisingthe offenders.
To further complicatethe situation, changing social attitudes bring new groups into the corrections system. Persons convicted of driving under the influence now receive prison or community service sentences rather than suspended sentences or fines.The number of sex offendershas steadilyincreased as a result of changes in the public's awareness of rape and child abuse. And there is AIDS, a plague of medieval proportions with its frightening implications for society in general and prisons in particular.
Discussionswith members of the criminaljustice community center around the problems of growth and crowding. How do we keep up with the pressure of sheer numbers of offenders flooding into our prisons and onto our probation caseloads? How do we provide quality corrections and help to protect the citizens of our state while at the same time recognizing that no budget can stretch to cover all of the competing priorities that face us?

We continue to maintain that a balanced approach is the most effective response. We have pressed for increased bedspace while emphasizing a continuum of front end community alternatives.
~ e o r g i acontinuesto lead the nation in alternatives to incarceration. Home confinement, intensive supervision, special alternativeincarceration,diversion centers, and community services programs augment basic probation supervision. Several detention centers to house low security and alcohol
related traffic offenders have come on line this
year. Electronic surveillance monitoring technology is being piloted and may be yet another effective tool in our arsenal of alternatives.
The support of the Governor and the General Assembly is vital to implement any of these programs. The Department of Correctionshas been fortunate to have their continued recognition of the problems created by the increased number of offenders. With their support and interest, and that of other members of the criminaljustice community, the immediate problems that we face can be solved. However, without sweeping changes in society as a whole, the long-range questions of crime and punishment that we face today will continue to trouble us as we move into the 21st Century.

WAYNE SNOW,JR
Chairman, State Board of Pardons and Paroles
Mr. Snow received an A.B. degree from the University of Georgia in 1958 and earned his L.L.B. degree there in 1%0. He served 21years in the GeneralAssembly; for 11 years he was Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. Mr. Snow was appointed to a full seven-year term on the five-member Board of Pardons and Paroles by the Governor in 1983and elected Chairman in 1985.

Every Governor of Georgia for the past 22 years has encouraged the State Board of Pardons and Paroles to start special releases to relieve prison and jail overcrowdiig. Each time the Board has responded positively and each time for the sake of reducing a dangerous and inhumane confinement situation, which could have become very expensive.
Governor Joe Frank Harris on March 7,1989, asked the Parole Board to begin emergency releases. He had no choice. More than four thousand sentenced state inmateswere backed up in countyjails, and the state was faced with the threat of a federal court suit against the entire prison system. How long drawn out and expensive
such lawsuits can be was shownby the Guthriesuit
against Georgia State Prison during the last decade. Georgia cannot afford a repeat of that.
This time the Governor specified the types of inmates he wanted considered. They are those serving for misdemeanor offenses, damage to property, habitual traffic violator, forgery, theft by taking, motor vehicle theft, burglary and revoked parole and probation when the reasons for revocation were low-level offenses or technical violations.
Many of those being released under the Governor's Emergency Release Program had already been approved for parole during the last half of 1989or during 1990.The Board simply made a new decision to release them some months earlier than planned.
To supervise these additional parolees, the Board received funds to employ 67 new parole officers

plus other staff during the springof 1989and72 more parole officers and more support staff during Fiscal Year 1990.
I am glad the Parole Board is not b e i irelied on alone to handle the overcrowdingproblem. Governor Harris called for fast-track construction and operating procedures to provide several thousand additional bedspaces within one year.
As a member of the Governor's Commission on CriminalSanctionsand CorrectionalFacilities, I look forward to submitting certain important recommendations to the Governor before the end of 1989. Governor Harris has said he intends to include the Commission's sentencing-reform proposals in his legislativepackage for the 1990 General Assembly. This should provide our bekt
hope for even-handed criminaljustice sodlong*
term control of inmate-overpopulation.

MINUARD C. (Mickey) McGUIRE
Director, Governor's OMce of Highway Safety
Mr. McGuire received his Bachelor of Arts Degree from Talladega College in Alabama and his Master of Science Degree in Urban and Regional Planning from Florida State University in Tallahassee.
Mr. McGuirebegan hi w e e r with the State of Georgia in 1973and was appointedby the Governor as Director of the Governor's Officeof Highway Safetyin 1983.

Jail and prison overcrowd'ing continuesto be a critical issue for Georgia's criminal justice community. Increasedsanctionsfor DUI offendersduring the early years of this decade resulted in the increased incarceration of alcohol related traffic offenders and habitual trafficviolators. These offendersr e p resent a si@cant portion of the jail and prison population, requiring the use of detention centers or other alternativesto incarceration for these and other low-securityoffenders.
Recognition of the resources required to address the trafic related component of the offender population led to an explorationof ways to prevent potential offendersfrom entering the criminaljustice system.
lbvo years ago, in this publication, I indicated researchhad been initiated to determinethe number
of problem drinkers (or those whose drinking habits ex& the "social drinkerktegory) in Georgia's driving population, including whether a judicially sanctioned assessmentlintervention program for DUI first offenders impacts the DUI problem, and whether these programs could be supported by fees paid by the offender.
~'rloptrograms, dependent on the cooperation of local judges and law enforcement personnel, were initiated in different areas of the State, representing a mix of urban and rural locations.
Results of the research indicated that 64%, or more than six of every ten DUI first offenderswere found to be "problem"rather than social drinkers; that marked reductions in drinking and driving be-

havior were exhibited by the pilot program participants; and, after 24 months of the pilot project, eight different programs had achieved financial self sufficiency and were operating on offender fees alone.
This research effort represents a new step in determining future policy decisions regarding DUI offenders. It is an example of the coordination exhibitedby members of the criminaljustice community to find solutionsto problems that affect all Georgia citizens.

VI APPENDIX

DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
In order to control for population differences, and thus make descriptions and comparisons between jurisdictions and over time more accurate and meaningful, Index crimes and arrests are often expressed as a rate, i.e., specifically, the number of crimes or arrests reported for each 100,000 people.
Formula for calculating crime and arrest rates for a jurisdiction or group:

Number of crimes (arrests) Total population of jurisdiction or group

x 100,000

The necessity of controllingfor population differences can be seen in the following example. In 1983, Any Countyreported 95 murders, while Other County had 53. On the basis of this fact alone, a casual observer would probably conclude that murder is much more of a problem in Any Countythan Other County, there being twice as many. Such a conclusionwould not be accurate, however, because the populations of the two counties were not considered. Suppose that Any County has 150,000 people, yielding a murder rate per 100,000people of 63.3, while Other County's population is only 40,000, producing a murder rate per 100,000 people of 132.5. Clearly, other factors must be considered; however, the rate allows for general comparisons between jurisdictions.
Another measure, the annual percent change in the number or rate of Index crimes or arrests, is a comparative statistic useful for identifying trends in yearly data.
Formula for calculating percent change:

Where: Xi = number, rate of crimes, arrests in previous year. X2 = number, rate of crimes, arrests in present year.
POPULATION PROJECTIONS County and statewide population figures used in Georgia Criminal Justice Data are based on projections for 1990 population made by the Georgia Office of Planning and Budget (OPB). Population estimatesfor 1984-1988are based upon the 1990projection and the 1980U. S. Census figures. Formula for calculating population estimates:
- + 1988Population = [(I990 Estimate 1980Census Population) x Y] 1980population
Where: Y = 0.8 for 1988 (.7 for 1987etc.)
The following population estimates were used for each county in 1988:

COUNTY
Applhl Atkboa
Ikeoa Raker
IWdrria
flrnh Burow Butor ma Hill Bemien
8ibb
Bkctly
htlcr
Broob
Brlnn Bulb&
Burte
But@
Cllboun CIlnden
chdkt Curdl CIQrltw Qthm Qttahoochce
Qttogr Cbe*
avLc
ay
CJVainch Cobb Wee Cdquitt Cdumbii
Coot Coma
Cmvtord
Cdrp Ikde
I)rm<ra
Dcahu Detrlb
WLC Dooky
Dl=**
Doullrrr
hity Ei:bdr
meham
Efbert Emanuel

- COUNTY POPULATION PROJECTION 1988

1988 POPULATION
ESTIMATE

COUNTY
Bans Fannin Fayette
Proyd brryth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock
GMn Gordon
Gndy Greene Gwinnett Habesham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Hard Henry Houston Invin Jaclmn
Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laumns Lee Liberty Lincoln
brig Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie McIntosh Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomely Morgan Murray
M=gee

1988 POPULATION
ESTIMATE

COUNTY
Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pikens Piem Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schlcy Scrrvrn Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliafem Tattnall Taylor Telfair Temll Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Trcutlen Troup Turner
mw
Union
upson Walker Walton Ware Wamn Washington
Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkimn Worth TOTAL

Countypopulation projectionsarc based on 1980ansus.

1988 POPULATION
ESTIMATE

Georgia Crime Information Center P.O. Box 370748 Decatur, Georgia 30037-0748