GEORGIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE DATA 1988 Published By The Georgia Bureau of Investigation July 1989 Joe Frank Harris GOVERNOR STATE OF GEORGIA OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR ATLANTA 30334 My Fellow Georgians: Either directly or indirectly, each of us will a t one time or another feel the impact of crime. The challenge presented by this fact requires the participation and cooperation of all components of the criminal justice system working as allies t o fulfill the task of protecting the citizens of Georgia. The preparation and dissemination of timely, accurate criminal justice data which clearly portrays the operations of Georgia's entire system of justice a r e vital t o this effort. This information can be used by the Governor, the General Assembly, local governments, the various components of the criminal justice system and private organizations in making crucial decisions regarding the resources, methods and responses to counter crime. Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1988 provides a basis for more knowledgeable decisions, thus a more positive impact can be made on the operation of the criminal justice system and on reducing crime. With kindest regards, I remain CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................. 1. SectionI Law E n f o m e n t Introduction.Law Enforcement ......................................................................................................................... SummaryACorrfirmeCsertsism......e......i..n......G......e....o....r....g....i..a................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 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APrrorfeisltesoFfNCoNrorinomC-nIre-nisImdnAedexgesax.C.i.nC.r.is.rm.ti.m.C.e..she...si..l....d....r..e....n............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Profile Profile ooPffrINonfodinlee-xIonAfdJreruxevsAetnsrirleesAtsr.r..e..s.t..s.....I..n..d..e..x...O...f.f..e..n..s.e..s................................................................................................................................................................................... PDrroufgilVe oioflJautivoennsi.l.e..A....r.r..e..s.t..s.....N...o...n..-.I.n..d...e.x...O....f.f.e..n...s.e..s................................................................................................................................................................. Clearances Profile of Index Crime Clearances........................................................................................................ County CPrriomfielePorof fNiloesn.-.I.n..d...e.x....C..r..i.m...e...C...l.e..a..r..a..n..c..e..s................................................................................................. Law EnfForucllemTiemnetEEmmppllooyyeeeess.............................................................................................................................. Officers Killed and Assaulted ............................................................................................................... Traffic Enforcement Traffid Fatalities ...................................................................................................................................... Georgia Bureau of Investigation.......................................................................................................................... Section I1 Courts Introduction .Courts............................................................................................................................................. Georgia's Georgia's Georgia's SSPutraoptbeearCitoeorCuCrotousu.r.r.t.st.s................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Georgia's Juvenile Courts ..................................................................................................................................... Georgia's Georgia's Georgia's MSCuoapugrrietsmotrfaeAtCepoCpuoeruatrl.st..s..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Section IIP1n1rtiCrsooodnrruePccrttoiioofninles..C...o..r..r.e..c..t.i.o..n...s..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11....34....90.. Inmate PSACroegrnifemit.leeRenscaCeceoL.meSnmegxit.th.t.e....d.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11.1...444...342..... Probationer Profile ACgriem. eRsaCceo.mSmexi.t.t.e..d...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... . 149. 151 First Offender Status .............................................................................................................................. 153. ScctionIPWnrtorRfoidlveudocaftiaPosandr.dPPoaanrrsddaoennsdsPaanrdoPleasrDolaetsa....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 115577.. SedionV~tSfrQmSeniorOfecials section VI Appendix TABLES RRPMFRABALMCORAOUEEHRGUOORPPRSBRAGTROOOCFCBGRRODIINRREELAALBRENTTRA.CVELR.V.EEYYR.ETAO..AEDDY...E...TRFH...N.R..IAE....ANR....ID.I...RDC....SP.EC.......RN.LT...EPA.I.......EDEI...O..O..S...C....S.E.....TNS.R....ST.....N.A...H..-.TO...S....N..T.U..E..E.....FF....E.S.F..L..D...O..I...G..OT.T...N......RI.....L..F.N....D.............I.C......C.DG....E..........R.......RE..X..E..........I......I.X.N..M....M....C...............T..R..C..E....E............M.L.SR..................M.....I...1..A.....M....1...9.....E.....9.N....8.......ES..8.....4......S....4..S.....-.......L-..11........1.......9.9...A.G..9........8..8....8.....U...E..8.8...8...............OG...................................HR...............................GT..............................E...I.................A....R...........................,.....................1........................9.......................8........................8........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND NON-METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS. 1988 .............................................................................. MNCHOEANTRN-MOGEPETOSRLINOITPNAOUNLMISTBTAAENRTSIOSTTFAIICTNIASDLTEAIXCRACELRAAISMRAEENSA.DSG. EINODREGXIAC,R19IM84E-1R98A8T...E..S......1...9..8..8................................................................. IGCNkEDAOENRXGGCEIARSI1IMN98EI4N-T1DR98EE8XN...DC...SR....I.G.M...E.E.O..R..R.A..G..T.I.E.A..S.,.S.P..O.E..U.R..T..1.H.0..0....N0..0.A.0..T.P..I.EO..R.N..S...O..1..N9..8.S.4...-.1..9..8..8............................................................................................................ ACRPPBP19RRR.HE.8RROOOLA4EE-AFFFN1PPIII9TGLLLOO8I8OEEEERR..SNOO.OTT..IS.EFFEFN..H.DDRRR..NI..EEEAPC.U.PPP.RBR.M.OOO.REI..MB.RRRTE..E.TTTWSE..RT.EEES.E.S.DDDAO.E.F.GA.NNNF.O.A.ROOI.CR.N.IRNN.RN.D.CE--.IS.IIE.SRMNN.T.TX.I.DDEMC.S.C.EEA.HEF.R.XX.NOIS.IL..MCCDRA.D..RRG.EPIR..IINS.OAMM.E..D.PIN.GEEN.UE...SSE.SX.LG...TO.AS.1E.C.RC9T.TO.R8.GAHI.4RI.O.M-TII.1G.LAN.E9.ED.I,8..WA.SS8.GR..O.,.I..EE1.D1..U..9N9.O..E.88.T...R.4,4..H.G1.-.-G.1.1.9..E..99.8I.N..8OA8.7...8A8.-..,R..1.....T1...9.G....9...I.8....O8...I.8.....4A....N......-.......1.,.........1..9.........9.8.........8..8........4...........-..........1............9............8.............8................................................................................................................. 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TERRFFHGACCAARMAYYEBO.CTTAP88NILP7Y7AAOPFLKIDSSR8FLLROI7UTNOIAITAYCTAPPGDYECEIRFETEUDOECTAORESCSRILFTBIDCIOTAPANACAOEIERWFVOVLTNURFOICEUITTREIT1LOCSNCINYT0EVUTTOI0FCSNDI.OI0ROUNEABV0ALTRRG0SYSOTLCCTPEBDAL.MEEAYLC1V.URMOO9S1IFII8SVEN9AN.EU7O8LI1GDT-NL8L19NOH.9T8.LDC(S.A84.D...AUOT.8-LD.1O1..ISIF.O.9.9M..C(..EF8.8.CD1..8K.ILE8.9...ACO....O.8.E...L...ET.4.C...T.A..A..-.RI...K.1..O.D.E.W...S.9...E...NN..8....(K..T....8ED.T...A.....I.....NERLO......N......N...FLI....C......DE...O..TE....K.....S...D..R.RT.....E.)......Y.I..C.....A.T.E...........PE.......SN.E......E.M.....).....N.D..................E...T1.......A........9N......R........8S..........T...I.7......S.E.......-.......A.....1..S.............9..U.......F.....8.............L..I8.........L........T...............E......E................D.......D...................)..........................1..................9..................8...................4...................-...........1....................9...................8..................8............................................................................................................................................... FSIIBCIIIIIPCCPPNNNNNNNYRUYRR.OOMSMMMMMC88OOOPURT8Y7RAAAAABABBR8RIMJTEAAATTTTTT7ETUUMAEEEEEETTTCPVOTIGIIPSRPPSCTEEOOOFIOEOOEIIORONCNSNNOANNPPPIIBNOTMNPPPUPUUTTLARUPPOOOAEELELLEATOERPPPNNLAAACECATPTUUUICCTTTOAEUNLCLLLCIEEIIUSTOLCOOSOAAAALLETAROCNNNUTTTSEEGlTATUIIETIRBBNBNOOOOISLUCRYYYTOGGNNNEROATTCNTTRMRLIABBBISCREHHOAOABOYYYEDSIAYANCCIILMS.NRNBAMSTEEOD1PAIYAEG9O,YYNOA:ASG8AUCE1CSEEEAP6DN9EG,ET)-AUAURL8ADS1(EA6ASRIRNRLE9CDO-,SEN8ASSNRUXA1AEU7R,D(.9TEDBM,.SCNX1.8ISR.IYNE9O.SA7OSDB,.CA8.(LET1.UEADS4EN.RS9.OCX-AXE.SRGO8.SEI1.EAS,4.M,GC9.CBXE1O,-.1DF8.9ERY11.K9E,A8.FI899.81(LI..A8ET8NT.8.D94MC..E8.8.T.8Y-NY.D..OH...8..DE1.....EP.PD....9C.I.....S.)T...E.ELN.8......K..E.S....Y8..,...D...T.......E.X...E.1..1...P.....RR......9..X9...T.,....E.....8...8EI...1.....,....E,4...E.4..9.....N.1....-...1.-.8S...N....9....1...9.1).8.....).8.....9..T8..9.........8........8...84........R...........8....8-.......................I....1...............E..............9........................S....8............................8.).............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. PARGOEBAANTDIOSNEXPO, 1P9U88L..A...T...I.O....N...B...Y....M....O...S...T...S...E...R...I.O....U...S...C...R...I..M....E...T...Y...P...E..,......................................................... AAPFRICGROTESBITAVAONETFDPIFORSENOENBXPDOA,E1PT9RUI8O8BL.NY.A..E.TA.R..IG.OS...ENO...A.NB..N.Y.1.D.S.C.T.S.R.O.E.I.M.XW...,E..1N.C9..8.DA.8..T.E.....E.R....G....S...O..T....R.A....Y..T.....,U.......S....,....1....9....8....4....-...1...9....8....8............................................................................................................................................................... PROFILE OFPAROLE BOARD ACTIVITY, 1984-1988............................................................................ FIGURES REPORTED REPORTED INCIDENTSOF CRIME .INDEX, NON.INDEX, ARRESTS FOR CRIMES .INDEX, NON.INDEX, TTOOTTAALL,,11998844--11998888...................................................... MMFIVUUERRDDYEEERRARAANNTDRDENNNOODNN. --1NN98EE4GG-1LL9II8GG8EE...NN...TT...MM....AA....NN...SS..LL...AA...UU...GG...HH....TT..EE...RR...,...W....E...A...P..O...N.....T..Y...P..E.......1..9..8..8............................................................. 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LARCENY. LARCENY. PCLRAIMCEINOAFLOACCCTUIVRIRTYEN. 1C98E8. .1..9.8..8........................................................................................................................................................................................... MOTOR MOTOR VEHICLE VEHICLE THEFT. THEIT. PFLIVAECYEEOAFROTCRCEUNRDR. E1N98C4-E1.918988.8.............................................................................................................................. ARSON. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1984-1988...................................................................................................... APINERDRSEOCXENN.CPTRLAIAMGCEEEST.OOFFITVOAECLYCOEUFARIRNRDETNREEXCNEC.DR1.9I1M898E8..4.S.-...1..19..98.8.8..8............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... VIOLENT. PROPERTY AND TOTAL INDEX CRIME RATE. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1984-1988........................................................................... VIOLENT. PROPERTY AND TOTAL INDEX CRIMES. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1984-1988 RIRRIIGNNNEEEEDDDPPPOEEEOOORXXXRRRGCCCTTTIAEEERRR,DDDIIISMMMINIONNEEEOUDDAARNTEEARR-HXXIRRTNAEEECCDNSSSRRETTD(IIXPMSSMNEBBCEEARYYRSAT.1IAAIRM01O09GGR.NE80EEE40.I-..SN01111T9PC999S88E88I4.8D48R-F....E1...SI...V9..N.O...8.....E.TN.8......S...Y..S...........)..E..1....1....9A....9....8....8.R...4....4....-....-.T....1...1..R...9..9.....8...8E....8....8...N..................D.................................1............9...........8............4...........-............1............9............8...........8........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1984-1988................................ NON-INDEXCRIMEARRESTS BY AGE. 1984.......................................................................................... LTTNRRLAARREEOWWAAPPNOOFF-EEIFFRRNNNIITTCCDFFEEEFFOODDAAXRRINTTCCCNAAOEERDLLNMMIEMII-TTEEXINEIINNEECDATTSSRE.ROOBIX1RMYFF9E8CFFEM4SIIR-CCCTO1IEELSM9NRRE8BET8ASSY.H.C.RAK.A..L.ASI.1.GEL.S9N.AL.8EA.C.8ER..U.E..D1A..L..S9..N..8T1.....8F9.C.E..8.I...ED.V4......-.S...E..11.......99...FY...88....I.8.4E...V.-......A..1..E......9..R......8.Y.......8..T...E..........R....A...........E.....R.........N...........T.....D........R.................E....1..........N9..........8......D....4...........-...........1..1........9..9.........8.8.........84...........-............1...........9............8............8......................................................................................................................................................................... SIGINNUEMMPOEAARRTTGIEEOIAPSROEJCUNPOUDTUELICNARICTTASIELO.LANFEDIBNLMYIGNITRNGHAISSSC/TD.ER1I9SAA8P8NTO.I.D.VS..I.SE.T.E.I.D.OX..I.NS,..1.TS.9.R..8.W.8I..C8......3T.....S-......C........Y.........8.........7................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... PROBATION PROBATION POPULATION POPULATION BY BY RCARICMEEATNYDPESE. 1X9.8189..8..8.................................................................................................................................................... INTRODUCTION Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1988 is published by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. This publication represents the cooperation of many agencies and organizations within state government, as it is a compilation of information from multiple segments of Georgia's criminal justice system. The reporting and analysis of the occurrence of specific crimes and subsequent arrests is the point of entrance for an individual into Georgia's criminal justice system. Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1988 is designed to reflect the totality of the system. It proposes to contribute to the basic understanding and knowledge of just what that system includes and what it does. This publication provides a basic description of the functions of the criminal justice system, and portrays statistically through graphs, charts, and tables essential work load data. As more extensive and accurate reporting systems are developed, this publication will continue toward a pore comprehensive effort, capable of tracking individuals through the entirejustice systemand communicatinga clear picture of the system's collective efforts to control crime. This publication is organized into four divisions: law enforcement, the courts, corrections, and pardons and paroles. The information is organized in a manner consistent with the movement of an offender through the criminal justice system. Analyses of data are made solely from data collected from each major component of the system and are confined to that component. In some instances, the amount of data is rather voluminous; in others it is minimal. Each section of this publicationbegins with a brief description of the overall structure of a component, followed by the method by which its relevant data are collected and processed. Following this overview is a presentation of the compiled data and, where appropriate, an analysis of that data. Specific methodologies and formulas used in analyses are contained in the appendix. The concluding section contains statements of officials representing each major component, addressing critical topics relevant to Georgia's criminal justice system. I LAW ENFORCEMENT INTRODUCTION The law enforcement powers of the State of Georgia are a function of the Executivebranch of government.In order to exerciseenforcementpowers, the Stategrants the power of arrest to some 740 active law enforcement agencies which can be grouped into seven major categories: (1) state agencies, (2) municipal agencies, (3) county police agencies, (4) county sheriff' departments, (5) campus agencies, (6) state authorities' and institutions' agencies, and (7) other agencies. These agencies employ 17,196 certified officers. The majority of law enforcementfunctions are delegated to the respective counties and municipalities by the State. Most law enforcement work is done at the local level; the bulk of money allocated, the majority of personnel employed, and the greatest portion of work load measures are generated locally. The state retains certain specialized responsibilities because a great deal of variation exists between counties and municipalities in the provision of police services, and because the type of services provided change over time. State Law Enforcement Agencies The primary roles of state level law enforcement agencies are to provide technical assistance to local agencies and to provide services in highly specialized operational areas. Examples of these services are: investigative assistance, laboratory analysis of physical evidence through the Division of Forensic Sciences, training, management consulting, and the collection and analyses of crime data and criminalhistory informationthrough the Georgia CrimeInformation Center. In addition, the state engages in operational law enforcement functions in specialized areas. Workload measures generated by the State's six major law enforcement agencies, employing 1,837 officers with arrest powers, are included with the data in this report. Those state agenciesare: 1.The Georgia State Patrol, whose primary legal responsibility is traffic enforcement and highway safety. Its duties are performed by830 certified officers assigned to 48 Patrol Posts located throughout Georgia. In addition to traffic enforcement the Georgia State Patrol has initiated a highly successful program to "look beyond the ticket" which has resulted in numerous arrests for narcotics trafficking and other felony violations. 2. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation whose primary focus is on general investigations and narcotics enforcement. Its duties are performed by 242 certified special agents and 48 narcoticsagents. There are 13regional offices and four regional drug enforcement offices located throughout Georgia and various special units working out of headquarters. Additionally, the G.B.I. operates the Division of ForensicSciences,5branch laboratoriesand the Georgia Crime Information Center. 3. The Department of Natural Resources, Game and Fish Division's Law Enforcement Unit whose primary focus is on the enforcement of all laws relating to game and fish, boating, and water safety regulation. Its duties are performedby 406 certified conservationrangers assigned to the 159 counties in Georgia. 4. The Department of Revenue, Alcohol, Tobacco Tax Unit whose primary focus is on the enforcement of laws pertaining to the payment of any tax duties due the Department. The Unit shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Georgia Bureau of Investigationfor the statewideenforcementof all laws related to the manufacture, sale, transportation, and possession of beverage alcohol and tobacco. Its duties are performed by 30 certified law enforcement agents. 5. The Investigation Division, State Examining Boards, and the Securities Investigation Unit, Secretary of State, whose primary focusis on the investigationof misdemeanor and felony violations of laws governing the licensing of certain professions (i.e., doctors, pharmacists, private detectives, etc.), verificationand enforcementof provisionsof the State Elections Code and the enforcement of securities regulation laws. Its duties are performed by 32 certified investigators based in Atlanta. 6. The Permits and Enforcement Division, Department of Transportation whose primary focus is on the enforcement of regulations governing the size and weight of vehicles operatingon public roads, the enforcement of licensingand fuel tax registration requirements, and the enforcement of all state laws on properties owned or controlled by the Department of Transportation. Its duties are performed by 297 certified officerslocated in state highway districts. In addition to the law enforcement agencies identified above, the state maintains a variety of other specialized agencies which are vested with arrest powers. These agencies are included in one of the other categories enumerated below (e.g., campus police, authority police, Georgia Drugs and Narcotics Agency, State Fire Marshal, Farmer's Market Police, etc.). Local Law Enforcement Agencies The primary role of local law enforcement departments is to provide police service to the citizens of an agency's geographically defined jurisdiction. These services are provided by one or more of the three types of local agencies: municipal police departments, county police departments, and county sheriffs' departments. In Georgia there are539locallaw enforcementagencieswhich employ14,009 certified officers with arrest powers. 1. Municipal Police Departments - Municipal police departments derive law enforcement powers through delegation from the Stateunder the constitutionalprinciple of "home rule", or local autonomy. These agencies are generally responsible for the enforcement of all state criminal laws, traffic laws, and municipal ordinances. hfunicipal police departments employ more law enforcement officers than any other type of agency. Presently, 365 municipalitiesfund police departments which employ 7,233 certified officers.These departments range in sizefrom 1to 1,405officerswith the majority having25 or fewer sworn officers. 2. County Sheriffs' Departments - The office of Sheriff in Georgia is considered to be both a constitutionaland county office. Each sheriff derives his law enforcement powers from laws enacted by the General Assembly in accordance with the 1983 Constitution of the State of Georgia. Sworn 5 deputies derive arrest powers from the sheriff. Each of Georgia's 159counties has a sheriff whose principal duties involve serving as: (1)the chief law enforcement officer of the county, (2) an officer of the county courts, and (3) the officialjailer of the county. Georgia sheriffs' departments employ 4,802 certi6ed officers authorized to enforce state criminallawsandcountyordinanceswhen authorizedby the county commission or local acts of the General Assembly. Inthe 15countiescontainkgcountypolice departments,the sheriffs department tends to focus on the duties of jail operations and serviceto the courts. - 3. County Police Departments County police agencies derive law enforcement powers under the constitutional principle of "homerulewand acts of the countycommission. Theyare generallyempowered to enforce allState criminal laws, t r d c lawsand countyordinances.There are currently 15county police departmentsin the State which employ a total of &974certified officers. Campus Law Enforcement Agencies Educational institutions within the State of Georgia have the authority to establish law enforcement agencies with powers similar to those of other state and local law enforcement agencies. These agencies are grouped as: 1.Stateoperatedcollegesand universities,operatingunder the authority of the Board of Regents, employ police officers and other security personnel with arrest powers for criminal and traffic violations committed upon property under the jurisdiction of the Board of Regents and upon public or private property within 500 yards of property under the jurisdiction of the Board. 2. Privatecollegesand universitiesoperateunder the police powersof theStateBoardof Education.Theyemploypolice officers who have the power of arrest for state criminal and traffic violations committed on the grounds or buildings of the particular educational facility and upon any public or private property within 500 yards of the facility. There are currently 37 campus police agencies within the State which employ a total of 529 certified police officers. State Authorities' and Institutions' Law Enforcement Agencies Various state statutes creating specific authorities (i.e., Stone Mountain Authority, Lake Lanier Islands Authority, Georgia Ports Authority, MARTA, etc.) and those statutes whichgovern certain types of institutions (i.e., Central State Hospital, Youth Development Centers, etc.) empower some of these agencies to employ police officers. These officers are empowered to enforce state criminal and traffic laws on the property of the institution or the authority's jurisdiction. There are currently21police agenciesin Georgiaunder thiscategory.Theseagenciesemploya total of 437 certified police officers. There are an additional5,049 certifiedcorrectionalofficers who work in institutional settings, 909 certified probation officers, and 301 certified parole officers. These officers round out the population of Georgia's certified peace officers.These employeeshave not been included in the total number of police officers because they are included within the Corrections section of this publication. Other Law Enforcement Agencies Various independent statutes within the Official Code of Georgia grant degreesof arrestpower to certainemployees of state,local, andprivateagencies,which donot lend themselves to easy categorization.These employeesrange from county marshals to court officers, to investigators employed by district attorneys and solicitors, to railroad police officers, and others. There are currently 60 such agencies which employ 529 certified officers. Law Enforcement, Crime Data Reporting, Collection and Interpretation Georgia's crime reporting system is derived from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Two types of crime data are collected from Georgia's law enforcement agencies utilizing standardized definitionsand procedures. The first type of data collected represent offenses which include counts for the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft,motor vehicle theft, and arson. The first four offenses are violent crimes or crimes against persons; the remaining four are property crimes. Because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported, these crimes are thought of as an index of the crime problem. Consequently, these offenses are often referred to as Index crimes. Counts for less serious crimes, often referred to as Non-Index crimes, are also collected and analyzed. The law enforcement data in this publication are provided from two sources, the Georgia Crime Information Center and the Georgia Department of Public Safety. The primary responsibility for collecting and reporting data relating to criminal violations, traffic accidents and traffic violations falls upon the agency in whose jurisdiction the violations occur. A myriad of 740 law enforcement agencies collect andreport datatothetwostateagenciesresponsiblefor collating and analyzing this information. This information is compiled and analyzed in publications such as Georgia Criminal Justice Data, as well as in specific reports used for policy decisions and research activities. TheGeorgia crimestatisticsprovided in thispublication are derivedfrom actualreports submittedto the Georgia Crime Information Center by law enforcementagencies statewide. TheFBI provides statisticaldata on criminalactivitynationwide. Those tables comparing criminal activity in Georgia with that of the South and the Nation use FBI statisticaldata for comparisons. State law requires all criminal justice agencies to submit to the Georgia Crime Information Center information concerning crimes reported by the public and crimes otherwise processed by these agencies. Law enforcement agencies must also submit fingerprints and other identifyingdata on persons arrested within their jurisdictions. These reports are collected on forms or in a format prescribed by the Georgia Crime Information Center. The validity of this information is dependent upon the original sources of the information --the law enforcement agencies located throughout the state. State law also requires the submission of certain types of data on traffic accidents and traffic law violations to the Department of PublicSafety.All data concerningtraffic accidents and violations contained in this report were obtained from the Department of Public Safety or the federal agencies to which it reports. Crime Data Interpretation Severalprecautionsininterpretingcrimedata shouldbe observed. First, it is well established that many more crimes occur than are reported. Thus, depending on the type of crime and type of victim, statistics based on the number of crimes reported to law enforcement agencies may underestimate the number of crimes that actually take place. Because the size and variation of this "hiddenfigure of crime" is not known, caution should be exercised in assuming that changes in crime trends reflect changes in criminal behavior. Second, these reports of crime are submitted by the local and state agencies to the Georgia Crime Information Center. The reports are edited and screened for inclusion in the Uniform Crime Reporting statistics. The editing which standardizesthereportsaccordingto UniformCrime Reporting specifications will sometimes result in variance between figures maintained in the Georgia Crime Information Center's statistical file and those maintained by the state or local agency. Third,variance occursbetween the Georgia crime Information Center's figures and those released by the FBI. The Georgia Crime Information Center does not include estimates for incidents or arrests that occur but are not reported.Such estimates are included in the FBI's Crime in theUnited States.Again, changesin thenumber of reported incidents and arrests may not necessarily reflect the actual level of change in law enforcement activity. Also, there is evidence that changes in the actual number of crimes committed normally coincide with changes in population demographics. Accordingly, historical comparisons of the number of crimes reported may be misleading if the accompanying demographic changes are not considered. The same is true for inter-jurisdictional comparisons; it is expected that communities with dierent populations will have different crime problems. The use of crime rates in making comparisons m b i m k these problems. Readers are cautionedthat crime rates cited are reliable indications of crimeonlyto the extent that population estimatesare accurate, that crimes are reported by victims, and the Uniform Crime Reports are submitted to the Georgia Crime Information Center by law enforcement agencies. Due to its uniformity and comprehensiveness, the State's crime statistics data base is the best available source when describing Georgia's crime problem over time and in making tentative comparisons of Georgia's data with data compiled in other states with comparable demographics. SUMMARY OF CRIME IN GEORGIA Crimes In 1988,397,129Indexand 367,991Non-Index offenseswere reportedby Georgialawenforcement agencies. Table1and Figure 1indicate the trends in both Index, Non-Index and combined offenses from 1984-1988. While Index offenses have increased in each of the last four years, the largest percentage increase (10.7%) occurred in 1988when reported offensesjumped by38,287 over 1987.Otheryearlyincreases have averaged 10.3%. Non-Indexoffensesshowa steadyincreaseexceptfor 1986which islowbecause DUI offensetotals are unavailable for that year. However, the 1988total of 367,991 reported offenses is the highest of the five year period showing a 14.0% increase over 1987. Arrests In 1988, law enforcement agencies reported 67,002 arrests for Index offenses and 259,679 arrests for Non-Index offenses. Table2and Figure 2displaythe trendsin arrestsfor the two crimecategoriesand the total for all crimes.Arrestsfor Indexoffenseshave increasedeachyear duringthe fiveyear period. The largest percentage increase (19.3%) occurred in 1988 when reported arrests rose by 10,852. Arrests for Non-Index offenses remained fairly constant until 1988 when the total jumped by 25,861 (11.1%) over 1987. The 1986 Non-Index arrest totals are not valid for comparison purposesbecause they donot include DUI arrestswhich are unavailable. Table 1 REPORTED INCIDENTS OF CRIME 1984-1988 Index Non-Index TOTAL CRIMES 517,898 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 1986Non-Indexincident total does not include DUI which is unavailable. REPORTED INCIDENTS OF CRIME INDEX, NON-INDEX, TOTAL, 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED 800,000 700,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 1984 1986 I 4 INDEX 1988 YEAR +NON-INDEX 1987 -TOTAL 1988 1 Table 2 - Index Non-Index - REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES 1984 1988 1984 1985 1986 1987 46,602 238,238 52,843 226,077 54,493 171,357 5w5o 233,818 TOTAL ARRESTS 284,840 278,920 225,850 289,968 1988 67,002 259,679 326,681 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 1986 Non-Indexa m s t total does not include DUI which is unavailable. Figure 2 REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES INDEX, NON-INDEX, TOTAL, 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED 360,000 300,000 260,000 200,000 160,000 100,000 60,000 0 1984 1986 1986 YEAR +INDEX +NON-INDEX 1887 -TOTAL 1988 INCIDENTS OF CRIME: CHARACTERISTICS, TRENDS, COMPARISONS Profile of Index Crime in Georgia In 1988,Georgiansreported 397,129Indexcrimesto lawenforcement agencies (See Table 3). Included were 705 murders, 3,029 forcible rapes, 15,443 robberies, 23,557 aggravated assaults, 99,711 burglaries, 219,367 larcenies, 34,071 motor vehicle thefts, and 1,246 arsons. Larcenies accounted for the highest percentage (55.2%) of the total number of Index crimes; burglaries made up the second highest category (25.1%). Overall, 10.8percent of theIndex crimes were violent crimes committed against persons; 89.2 percent were property offenses. Based on the 1988population estimate for Georgia of 6,252,577,6835 violent crimes and 5,668.0 property crimes were reported for each 100,000 persons, producing an Index crime rate of 6,351.4 (See Appendix for the rate computationformula). While counts for the eight Index crimes illustrate Georgia's crime problem, the nature of serious criminal behavior can be further identified by examining pertinent details of individual crimes (See Tables 4-11). SUMMARY OF CRIME CHARACTERISTICS, 1988 The crimesof murder, forciblerape and aggravatedassault typicallyinvolvepeople who know one another or have had previous contact (See Table 12). On the other hand, robberies, burglaries, larcenies, and motor vehicle thefts are usually committed by strangers. Weapon type and crime can alsobe correlated.In crimesof murder and robbery, firearms are the most frequentlyused weapon (57.6% and 38.5%, respectively). Similarly, the weapon most used in the crime of forcible rape is handdfists, etc. (48.6%). In the crime of aggravated assault, other dangerous weapons was the most frequent type used (34.0%). In 1988, $405,851,195 in property was reported stolen duringthe commissionof Indexcrimes. Motorvehicle thefts accounted for the greatest loss ($186,606,249) followed by larceny ($128,626,614) burglary ($83,253,307) and robbery ($7,085,677). The average value of property stolen during each motor vehicle theft is $5,477, compared to $835 during each burglary, $586 during each larceny, and $459 during each robbery. With the exception of robbery, which is more likely to take place in astreet or alley,most Indexcrimesoccur in residences or parks, public buildings and other places. Business establishments, chain stores, service stations, and banks were generally less likely places of occurrence for Index crimes. Table 3 PROFILE OF REPORTED INDEX CRIMES, GEORGIA 1988 Crime Murder Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Total Violent Crime Reported % of Total Rate Per 100,000 42,734 10.8 683.5 Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total Property Crime Total Index Crime Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center 354,395 397,129 89.2 100.0 5,668.0 6,351.4 Table 4 DEFINITION Murder and non-negligentmanslaughter are defined as the willful killing of one human b e i iby another. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident, or justsable homicide are not included in the count for this offense classification. Attempts to murder or assaultsto murder are scored as aggravated assaults and not as murder. TREND Year Number 96 Change from Rate per 96 Change &om Reported Previous Year l00,OOO Previous Year Percentage change from 1984to 1988 --- in number of reported crimes: 25.4% --- in rate per'100,OOO: 16.5% CHARACTERISTICS, 1988 Victim-Offender Relationship Weapon Used Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 707 Agc 2.8% 22.2% -16and Under 17 21 20.2% 15.3% -22-26 27 31 15.3% 32-36 24.2% 37and ovcr Unlmown NonStranger to NonStranger Strangerto Stranger 57.6% 16.2% 10.8% 9.9% 55% Fvearm Cutting Tool Unknown Other DangerousWeapon Hands, Fits,etc. Parks, Public Buildings and Other Places Residence street, AUey Business Establishment August Jub January $84,216.00Total $119.00 Per Incident AmsVCrimes Ratio 1.0 Suc Male Female 84.2% l5.8% Race: White 35.9% Non-White 64.1% Note: Due to roundin mntages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia ~rimefnf&nationCenter; Ofice of Planningand Budget Population mimate Figure 3A MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 800 760 - - 700 -- 860 -- 7 10 - 706 660 -682 600 -- 460 1884 I 1086 I I 1988 YEAR I I 1087 1088 Figure 3B MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER WEAPON TYPE, 1988 Firearm 67.8% 8 tc. Unknown 10.8% Figure 3C MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988 Publlc Area 46.6% Table 5 Foruile rape is the carnal knowledge of a female forciblyand against her will. This category includesassaults or attempts to commit forcible rape by force or threat of force, but not statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses. TREND Year Number 5%Change from Rate per % Change from Reported Previous Year l00,OOO Previous Year P--e-ricnennutamgbeecrhoafnrgeepforortmed1c9r8im4teos:11998.87% --- in rate per 100,000:12.0% CHARACTERISTICS, 1988 Victim-Offender Relationship Typeweapon used Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 1102 NonStranger to Non-Stranger Stranger to Stranger Unknown Hands, Fits,etc. Other DangerousWeapon Cutting Tool Unknown Fireann Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, Alley Business Establishment Jub August September 132.00 Total $64.00 Per Incident Arrest/Crimes Ratio .36 16 and Under -17 21 -22 26 -27 31 -32 36 37 and ovcr Suc Male 97.3% Female 2.7% k: White 25.1% Non-White 74.9% Note: Due to roundin mntages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia ~ r i m eorwmation Center; Office of Planningand Budget Population Estimate Figure 4A FORCIBLE RAPE FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 3,100 1984 1986 1888 YEAR 1887 1888 Figure 4B FORCIBLE RAPE WEAPON TYPE, 1988 Hands, Flats, etc. Cuttlng Tool 10.2% Figure 4C FORCIBLE RAPE PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988 Publlc Area Table 6 DEFINITION Robbery is the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. Year Number Reported TREND % Change from Previous Year Rate per l00,OOO % Change from Previous Year Percentage change from 1984to 1988 --- in number of reported crimes: 75.0% --- in rate per 100,000: 64.0% CHARACTERISTICS, 1988 Victim-Offender Relationship Typc Weapon Used Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen During Offense Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 3,928 Agc 4.8% 24.3% 26.% 23.3% 11.% 8.% 16 and Under -17 21 -22 26 -27-31 32 36 37 and over 51.4% 35.1% 135% Stranger to Stranger unknown NonStranger to Non-Strangcr 385% 32.0% 18.8% 9.4% 1.3% Fm Hands, Fit, etc. Other Dangerous Weapon Cutting Tool Unknown Business Establishment Stnet, Alley Residence Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places August December Octobcr $7,085,677.00 Total $459.00 Per Incident Arrcst/Crimes Ratio .25 Suc Male 91.3% Female 8.7% Race: White 17.8% Non-White 82.2% Note: Due to roundinflpcrcentages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia Crime ormation Center; Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimate Figure 5A ROBBERY FIVE YEAR TREND F i e 5B ROBBERY WEAPON TYPE, 1988 Hands. Flsts. 32.0% Unknown 1.3% Cuttlng Tool 8.4% Other 18.8% Figure 5C ROBBERY PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988 Table 7 1 AGGRAVATE11 ASSAULT 1 DEFINITION Aggravated assault is the unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe bodily injury. Thistype of assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or other means likely to produce death or serious bodily harm. Attempts are included since it is not necessary that an injury result when a gun, knife, or other weapon is used which could and probably would result in seriouspersonal injury if the crime is successfullycompleted. TREND Year Number 96 Change from Rate per % Change from Reported Previous Year l00,OOO Previous Year P----e--riicnnenrnauttamegbpeeecrrho1af0nr0ge,e0p0fo0rro:tm3e5d1.8c9%r8i4mteos:14948.89% CHARACTERISTICS, 1988 V i - O f f e n d e r Relationship l[)rpc Weapon Used 57.6% 27.9% 145% Protile of Persons Arnsted Reported Arrests 12,036 43% 16.6% #)2% 19.4% 145% 25.096 Act 16 and Under -17 21 -22 26 -27 31 -32 36 37 and over NonStranger to NonStrangcr Unknown Stranger to Stranger Other DangerousWeapon Firearm Cutting Tool Hands, Fits,etc. Unknown Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence street, Alky Business Establishment August JJuuhnle Arrest/Crimes Ratio 5 1 Suc Male 80.7% Pemaie 19.3% Raa: White 28.9% Non-White 71.1% Nm ote: :D~ure to g roundin i craime!$ rctntages do not always total 100% onnation Center; Office of Planningand Budget Population Ertirnate Figure 6A AGGRAVATED ASSAULT FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 24,000 22,000 - - 20,000 - - 18,000 -- 18,253 18,000 1984 16,734 I 1886 19,008 I I 1986 YEAR 19,463 I I 1887 1888 Figure 6B AGGRAVATED ASSAULT WEAPON TYPE, 1988 Other Flrearrn 32.0% Unknown 0.7% Hands, Flat, 7.Q% Cutting Tool 26.4% Figure 6C AGGRAVATED ASSAULT PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988 Publlc Area 48.1% Table 8 DEFINITION Burglary is defined as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify the crime as a burglary. TREND Year Number % Change from Rate per % Change from Reported Previous Year l00,OOO Previous Year Percentage change from 1984to 1988 --- in number of reported crimes: 43.1% --- in rate per 100,000:34.1% CHARACTERISTICS, 191UI Victim-Offender Relationship Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen During Offense Unknm Stran r tostran r ~ o n & a n g c rto &-Stranger Residence Business Establishment Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places street, AUey 9.3% 9.1% 9.m August Se tembcr JUR $83,253,307.00Total $835.00 Per Incident Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 10,493 8.8% 34.4% 22.7% 16.8% 9.2% 8.0% Age -16 and Under 17 21 22-26 -27 31 -32 36 37 and over ArresVCrimes Ratio .10 Suc Male 93.2% Female 6.8% Race: White 41.4% Non-White 58.6% Note: Due to roundin? ymntages do not always t o t a Soum: Georgia Crime n onnation Center; Office of Planningand Budgct Population Estimate BU-LARY FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 100.000- 86.000 - 80.000 - 86,000 - - 80.000 - - 66.000 1084 I I 1886 I I 1988 YEAR I I 1887 1988 Figure 7B BURGLARY PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1988 Street 0.1% Bualneaa 21.0% Table 9 DEFINITION Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying,leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes as s h o p l i f t i pocket-picking,purse-snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts and accessories, bicycle thefts, etc., in which no use of force, violence, or fraud occurs. TREND Year Number % Change from Rate per % Change from Reported Previous Year l00,OOO Previous Year ---Percentage change from 1984to 1988 in number of reported crimes: 53.7% --- in rate per 100,000.44.0% CHARACTERISTICS,1988 Victim-Offender Relationship Criminal Activity 70.6% 20.996 8.6% Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence Value of PropertyStolen During Offense Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 34,980 Unknown Stran r to Stran r hJon&nger to &-Stranger Other Thefts From Motor VehicleIAutoAmxmics Shopliftin From ~ u h i n ~ Biies Purse Snatching From Coin Machines Pocket-picking Business Establishment P a d , Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, AUey May August Juhl $128,626,614.00 Total $586.00 Per Incident Arrest/CrimesRatio .16 Age 9.4% 26.00/0 195% 17.0% 12.1% 16.0% -16and Under 17 21 -22-26 27 31 32-36 37 and over Se& Male Female 69.6% 30.4% Race: White 37.4% Non-White 62.6% Note: Due to roundinf, percentages do not always total lo%o Source: Georgia Crime n ormation Center, Offce of Planningand Budget Population Estimate Figure 8A LARCENY FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 220.000 200,000 - - 160,000 -- 1984 1986 1988 YEAR 1987 1888 Figure 8B LARCENY CRIMINAL ACTIVITY. 1988 Purse Snatching 1. Coin Machine 0.7% Other 30.8% Motor Vehicle 36.9% Pocket Plcklnp 0.3% Figure 8C LARCENY PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988 Buslnees Publlc Area 32.4% 28.2% Table 10 1 1 MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT DEFINITION Motor vehicle theft is defined as the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. This definition excludta taking for temporary use by t h w persons havinglawful accessto the vehicle. TREND Year Number % Change from Rate per % Change from Reported Previous Year l00,OOO Previous Year Percentage change from 1984 to 1988 --- in number of reported crimes: 933% --- in rate per 100,000:88.1% CHARACTERISTICS, 1988 Months of Highest Occumncc Value of Property Stokn During Offense ProNe of Persons Arrested Reported Arrrses 3,441 8.4% -32 36 9.2% 37and over Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Placer Rcsi&na Business Establislupent Stnxt, Alley 9.8% 9.1% 9.0% August Sc tember JU& SlE6,606,249.00 Total $5,4?7.00 Per Incident ArresVCrimes Ratio .10 Sac Male m.8% Female 9.2% Race: White 335% Non-White 665% 1v Note: Due to roundin mntagcs do not always total Soume Georgia C&nek&mation Center. Ofice of Planning and Budget Population Enimate Fie 9A MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 35.000 16,000 1084 1086 1088 YEAR 1087 F i e 9B MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988 Publlc Area Realdence 31.2% Street 6.0% Table 11 DEFINITION Arson is defined as any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc. Only fires determined through investigationto have been willfully or maliciouslyset are classi6ed as arsons.Fires of suspicious or unknown origins are excluded. TREND Year Number 96 Change from Rate per 96 Change from Reported Previous Year lO0,ooO Previous Year ------Percentage change from 1984to 1988 in number of reported crimes:16.7% in rate per 100,000:93% CHARACTERISTICS, 1988 Vilaim-OtTender Relationship 72.6% 17.4% 10.W0 Unknown NonStrangerto NonStranger Stranger to Stranger Residence Parks, Public Buildin@, and Other Places Business Establishment Monthsof Highest Occumnce 10.4% 99% 9.6% August kztembcr M l e of Persons Arrested ReportedArrtsts 315 5.4% 14.996 20.6% 18.4% 14.0% 26.7% Age -16and Under 17 21 22-26 -27 31 -32 36 37 and avtr Amst/Crimcs Ratio .25 Sex Male 83.2% Female 16.8% Race: White 53.3% Non-White 46.7% Note: Dw to roundin m n t a p do not always total 100% Source Georgia ~rimefngnnationCenter; Office of Planningand Budget Population Euimate Figure 10A ARSON FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 1,400 1,300 -- 1084 1086 1086 YEAR 1887 1088 Figure 10B ARSON PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1988 1 Publlc Area 24.2% Buslness 16.7% Figure 11 PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL INDEX CRIMES, 1988 MURDER AllSON RAPE ROBBERY AOOIIUED ASSAULT MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT BURDLAAI 1 PERCENT OF TOTAL LAeCENI Table 12 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDEX CRIMES, 1988 Murder VICTIM-OFFENDER RELATIONSHIP IRe orted Stranger to tranger Reported Non- f Stran er to Non- tranger Relationship Not Known 3.4% 36.0% 60.6% Forcible Robbery Aggravated Burglary Larceny Rape Assault 29.3% 51.4% 14.5% 11.6% 20.9% 45.3% 25.4% 13.5% 35.1% 57.6% 27.9% 5.4% 83.0% 8.6% 70.6% Motor Vehicle Arson Theft 12.5% 11.3% 76.2% 10.0% 17.4% 72.6% WEAPON USED Firearm Cutting Tool Hands, Fists, Etc. Other Dangerous Weapons Unknown 57.6% 16.2% 5.5% 9.9% 10.8% 8.5% 10.2% 48.6% 23.7% 8.9% 38.5% 9.4% 32.0% 18.8% 1.3% 32.0% 25.4% 7.9% 34.0% 0.7% PROPERTY STOLEN Total Value $84,216 Value Per Incident $119 $195,132 $7,085,677 $64 $459 $83,253,307 $128,626,614 $186,606,249 PLACE OF OCCURRENCE Street, Alley 7.2% Service Station 0.3% Chain Store 0.9% Bank 0.1% Other Commercial Business 4.8% Residence 41.1% Public Areas, Other Buildings, & Unknown 45.5% 9.1% 0.1% 0.6% 0.1% 6.1% 41.5% 42.4% 37.2% 2.5% 13.4% 1.5% 23.1% 11.7% 10.6% 10.4% 0.2% 1.3% 0.1% 7.2% 32.6% 48.1% 0.1% 0.5% 1.4% 0.1% 19.0% 66.1% 12.8% 2.6% 2.1% 7.8% 0.2% 25.6% 29.2% 32.4% 5.9% 0.9% 1.3% 0.2% 20.3% 31.2% 40.2% 5.8% 0.2% 0.9% 0.1% 14.6% 54.3% 24.2%. Note: Due to rounding or missing data, percentages d o not always total 100%. Source: Georgia Crime Information Center GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CRIME Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) are geographical subdivisions composed of a core city with a population of at least 50,000 or an urbanized area of at least 50,000 and a total metropolitan area population of at least 100,000combined with econornicallylsocially related counties. MSA's experienced the highest crime rates in the state in all categories of Index crimes (See Table 14). Georgia's eightMSA's currentlyaccount for 63.6percent of the state's population yet they include only 38 of the 159 counties. In comparison of overall crime rates, MSA's more than double (7,860) the non-MSA rate (3,7l3)(See Table 13). These tables indicate the importance of population density as one factor in the number of crimes committed in an area. Table 40 provides specific crime rates for the individual counties comprising MSNnon-MSA categories. Table 40 indicates that many MSA counties have high crime rates. Table 13 Metro oiitan ~tatistcal Countv Area %bf Powlation Total Murder MSAINON MSA'S, 1988 - . - Aggravated Motor R a ~ e Robberv Assault Buralarv Larconv Vehicle Amon Theft Index Crime Crime Total Rate Albany. MSA 2"w 112,603 $7- Alban GA MSAk t a ~ 130,113 2.1% 29 100 452 474 3,729 4,836 389 33 10,042 7,718 Athens, GA MSA CWe 78,788 2 Jackson 28,041 2 When 20,818 0 Athens, GA MSA Total -o c o n ~ 18,837 145,480 2.3% 0 4 AthtqGA MSA 24,588 3 &rttr 15,531 1 Ch.rokw 70,838 4 183.472 11 368.798 32 Covvaa 44,434 4 s:(kltalb 7m8.m105 31 8 1 Ez" 38,878 631,558 3 243 Gwlnnat 270,305 2 Ex" 50,210 40,333 8 5 Paulding 33.082 0 Rockdsk 55,180 3 spaldlW 53,535 13 WaHon 37,480 8 55 108 8 4 1 1 2 1 66 112 8 8 4 2 15 18 82 415 171 654 8 22 328 1,917 23 51 8 7 8 1 888 8.888 78 197 10 30 0 48 7 8 17 41 23 78 8 18 287 83 7 5 362 48 14 1~5 542 808 49 843 82 43 SB 10.028 500 51 125 57 185 237 U 1,640 3,188 2SO 253 380 79 1P 133 18 63 41 8 2,078 3,753 356 272 108 848 4- 8,304 470 11,502 83s84 301 20,888 3,790 "484 423 717 388 458 1% 1.184 8.eaa 14.371 91 0 28Pe lE 1.058 51.480 10.502 1.007 1,848 ; ,2 05 34 184 la4 wA 5,901 243 58 131 11,802 ?2 87 113 151 190 23 w 10 818 0 2LL3 1 121 34 6,765 4,650 4 m4 1 a1 5 n aim 14,149 84 24003 4 w 1 m 15 2PS1 0 1- 8 1 em 188 2 14 5 ?Z 7 2947 0 0 % Atlanta, GA MSA Total 2,571,516 41.1% 374 1,691 10,499 t&*" Columbia 57.718 3 15 40 Richmond 202,833 32 114 757 McDu(A. 20,918 1 0 3 13,912 81 564 2 51,948 1 2 7 , ~2 4 , ~ 477 ~30,483 8,983 478 633 83 5 1- 4,- 874 31) 14,374 81 7% 15 0 178 AMu&usTtOa ^GA 281,267 4.5% 36 129 800 637 5,236 8,135 1,072 43 16,088 5,720 T-ONoOgcAl. MSA Dad. Caroora Walker 13,623 42.194 50.149 Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA Total 114,966 1.8% 6 27 36 1 54 Columbus. GA-AL MSA CMhooc~ Muacagw 23,198 181,348 936 1,974 297 25 3,455 3,005 Columbus, GA-AL MSA Total -. QA MSA Bibb Hovdon Jornr Poach 204,542 3.3% 21 1S.586 22 88.- 7 2.340 2 21.971 0 66 449 91 340 32 148 3 8 5 8 Macon GA MSA ~ 6 t a l 290,462 4.6% 31 131 500 savannah, GA MSA Chatham E(Rngham 217,550 P.148 28 156 SBB 0 4 5 Savannah GA MSA ~ o t a l 239,698 3.8% 26 160 571 Total MSA's 3,978,044 63.6% 527 2,370 13,419 Total Outside MSA's 2,274,533 36.4% 178 659 2,024 Total State Agencies Reporting 2 84 133 Total State 6,252,577 100.0% 705 3,029 15,443 359 820 383 14 25 1,042 802 45 647 17,587 5,970 172 23,557 3,086 6,903 672 -1 7,a 727 1 3,137 ZTO 1% P 87 10 22 61 11,617 5,680 30 12,187 13 1 =% 0 3zs 4,339 10,931 1,050 44 18,068 6,220 3.900 177 8,474 2M 703 30 28 0 '% 4,167 9,768 733 75,519 173,357 29,096 85 16,157 6,741 802 312,677 7,860 24,192 46,010 4,975 444 84,452 3,713 538 307 155 53 1,444 99,711 219,367 34,071 1,248 397,129 6,351 Table 14 MS A NON MSA MSA/NON MSA INDEX CRIME RATES, 1988 PER 100,000 PERSONS Murder 13.2 7.8 Rape 59.6 29.0 Robbery 337.3 89.0 Aggravated Assault 442.1 262.5 Bu@ar`Y 1,898.4 1,063.6 Larceny 4,357.8 2,022.8 Motor Vehicle Theft 731.4 218.7 - Arson 20.2 19.5 Sounx: Georgia Crime Information Center CRIME TRENDS AND COMPARISONS The five year trend from 1984 - 1988 indicates that Index crimeshave risen eachyear to a peak of 397,129in 1988.Except fdr 1984,the last four years have seen an average increase of 11.3% in Index crimes (Table 15). Overall, reported Index crimes have risen by 53.3% since 1984 (Table 18). Examination of crime rates for individual Index crimes shows that seven of the eight crimes increased in 1988,murder dropped by 35% (Table 16). CHANGES IN CRIME RATES Crimeratesmustbe interpreted with the understandingthat they are the product of changes in both the number of crimes reported and population. For this reason, analysisof crime rate is important since comparable groups, whether counties, states or specific groups of persons of a certain age range, race, or sex, can be compared to determine a rate per 100,000persons. Table 19relates crime and population from 1984- 1988. Table 17indicatesthat Georgia, the South, and the United States experienced an increase in Index crimes for 1988. Figure 12A INDEX CRIME RATE, FlVE YEAR TREND - VIOLENT, PROPERTY, TOTAL, 1984 1988 CRIME RATE 1984 1985 1986 YEAR 1987 1988 Figure 12B INDEX CRIMES, FlVE YEAR TREND VIOLENT, PROPERTY, TOTAL, 1984 - 1988 NUMBER REPORTED 1984 1985 1986 YEAS 1987 1988 of Crime Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) Aggravated Assault (% Change) Total Violent 1C%riCmheange) Table 15 - CHANGES IN NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES GEORGIA, 1984 1988 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 28 168 6d% 30 20 7A 35,893 18.8% 36 73 1.A 42,734 17.8% Larceny (% Change) Motor Vehicle Theft (% Change) Arson (% Change) Total Property Crime (% Change!) Total Index Crime (96 Change) ;%"# 259,253 3.2% 266 084 15.1% 2%,304 143% 293 51 lo.& 329,144 11.1% 3120%.69o 354 95 9.92 35r2397,129 9. 10.7% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 16 - CHANGES IN INDEX CRIME RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS GEORGIA, 1984 1988 Type of Crime Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) Aggravated Assault (% Change) Total Violent Crime (% Change) Burglary (% Change) Larceny (% Change) Motor Vehicle Theft (% Change) Arson (% Change) Total Property Crime (% Change) Total Index Crime (% Change) 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 277.5 4.4% 480.9 4.7% 280.9 1.3% 5073 5.5% 315.4 12.3% 592.8 16.9% 316.1 0.2% 589.4 -0.6% 376.8 19.2% 6835 16.0% 3,944.9 1.1% 4,425.8 1.5% 4,467.1 132% 4,974.4 12.4% 4,843.0 8.4% 5,435.7 93% 5241.7 82% 5,831.1 73% 5,668.0 8.1% 6,351.4 8.9% 1984 1988 35.8% 42.1% 43.7% 43.5% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 17 - INDEX CRIME TRENDS GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1984 1988 1984 %Change 1985 %Change 1986 %Change 1987 % Change 1988 % Change Georgia 258,185 3.2% 295,040 14.3% 327,820 11.1% 357,768 9.1% 395,883 10.7% South 3,946,996 0.2% 4,302,605 9.0% 4,737,997 10.1% 4,943,277 4.3% 5,141,008 4.0% Nation 11,881,755 -1.6% 12,430,026 4.6% 13,211,869 6.3% l3,508,708 2.2% 13,913,%9 3.0% - Arson totals arc not included in this table. (Soum: FBI Uniform Crime Report 1988 Preliminary Release and Crime in the United States; Georgia Crime Information Center) Table 18 Type of Crime Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) Aggravated Assault (% Change) Total violent crime (9% Change) Burglary (% Change) Larceny (% Change) Motor vehicle theft (% Change) Total property crime (5% Change) Total Index crime (% Change) - CHANGES IN NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1984 1988 Georgia 1984 1988 South 1984 1988 Nation 1984 1988 16,253 23,557 44.9% 28,168 42,734 51.7% 254,780 328,386 28.9% 424,836 542,679 27.7% 685,349 914,944 33.5% 1,273,282 1,566,077 23.0% 230,017 258,185 353,149 53.5% 395,883 533% 3,522,160 4,551,039 292% 3,946,996 5,093,718 29.1% 10,608,473 12,284,098 15.8% 11,881,755 13,850,175 - 15.6% Arson comparisons are not available for this table - (Source: FBI Uniform Crime Report 1987PreliminaryAnnual Release 40 and Crime in the United States; Georgia Crime Information Center) Figure 13 INDEX CRIMES, FIVE YEAR TREND GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED (Thousands) 400 376 -- 360 - - 326 -- 300 - - 260 1984 I I 1886 I I 1888 YEAR I I 1887 NUMBER REPORTED (Millions) --3 &I 8 Table 19 - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRIME AND POPULATION, GEORGIA 1984 1988 Year Population 9% Change No. Index Crimes % Change Index Crime Rate - % Change Source: Georgia Crime Information Center; Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimates Figure 14A REPORTED INDEX CRIMES 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED 1984 1985 1986 YEAR 1987 1988 Figure 14B REPORTED INDEX CRIME RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1984-1988 RATE PER 100,000 PERSONS 1984 1985 1 1986 YEAR 1987 1 CRIME RATE 1988 PROFILE OF NON-INDEX CRIMES IN GEORGIA The number of Non-Index crimes reported to GCIC has increasedeveryyear from 1984to 1988.DUI data for 1986are not available, however, in comparing crime totals, excluding DUI, for 1984through 1988totals for other Non-Index crimes continue to reflect an upward trend (See Figure 15). Non-Index crimes are beginning to follow the pattern for Index crimes formed during the last five years (See Table 20). Because of the seriousness of Index crimes, they have alwaysbeen more likely to be reported; however, increased public and law enforcement awareness of certain Non- Indexcrimeshasbrought aboutmore frequent and accurate reporting. Narcotics offenses and crimes against children containing several categories including sex offenses, child neglect, and rape committed againstjuveniles are two areas where increased awareness has improved reporting. (Note: Rape is an Index offense). This section contains analyses of reported arrests for all crimesby age, sex, and race and an'alysesfor specificcrimes such as crimes against children and drug law violations. Table 20 - PROFILE OF REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIMES, 1984 1988 NON-INDEX CRIMES 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance VaP'W Other Offense Curfewfiitering R~x~ay Figure 15 REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME INCIDENTS 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED 1984 (Excluding DUI) 1985 1986 YEAR 1987 1988 I RSU NON-INDEX CRIME Table 21 -- NON-INDEX CRIMES Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offensz Curfewbitering Runaway - PROFILE OF REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIMES STATEWIDE. 1987 1988 1987 5% of Total 1988 Total 317,771 100.0% Source: Georga Cnme Information Center "DUI total unavailable as of print date 45 'Weapons Violation, Publ~cD~sturbdnceand Curfew/I.o~teringare reported under Other Offense. 367,991 9% of Total 100.0% - CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN 1984 1988 Specific offense and arrest idormation for crimes against children can be analyzed to determine trends in the areas of rape, kidnapping, sex offenses, cruelty towards a child, contributingto the delinquencyof aminor, and chid neglect as these crimes apply to children and those arrested. (Note: data on the specific crime category murder of children are not available). The pattern of total offenses within these categories for 1984-1988varies from the pattern for total arrests reported during the same period. Reported offenses have increased each year, except for 1986,while reported arrests remained relatively the same, except for 1985which was a peak year. Increased public attention has been focused on crimes against children. Legislative attention at the state and federal level has mandated that these crimes be a primary focus for law enforcement agencies at all levels of government. Thisincreased awarenessand largenumbersof reported arrests for these crimes show a greater sensitivity to such crimes. CRIME Rape* Kidnapping** Sex Offense*** Cruelty Towards Child Contributing to Deliquency of a Minor Child Neglect Total Table 22A - REPORTED CRIMESAGAINST CHILDREN GEORGIA, 1984 1988 1984 1985 1986 69 115 1,245 1,071 25 187 1,484 1,165 46 154 1,208 1,274 1987 31 183 1741 1,605 1988 41 189 2,417 1,944 1,445 4,398 1,784 5,021 1,406 4960 k532 5,561 1758 am Table 22B CRIME - REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMESAGAINST CHILDREN GEORGIA, 1984 1988 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Rape* Female Male Kidnapping** Female Male Sex Offense*** Female Male Cruelty Towards Child Female Male Contributing to Deliquency of a Minor Female Male Child Neglect Female Male Total 5,187 a= 5,581 591 Rape committed againstjuveniles includesthe specificcharges of: sexual assault-domy-boy-gun, sexual assault-sodomy-girl-gun, sexual assault-sodomy-boytsexualassault-sodomy-girl, sexual assault-domy-boy-strongarm,and sexual assault-sodomy-girlgtrongann. ** Kidnapping of juveniles includesthe specific chargesof: kidnap minor for ransom, kidnap minor to sexuallyassault, and kidnap minor. s,3w ***Sexualoffensesagainstjuveniles include the specific chargesof: child fondling, homosexual act with girl, h o m d act with boy, and incestwith minor. Source: Uniform Crime Reporting database, GCIC 47 ARRESTS FOR CRIMES Trends, Characteristics,Comparisons Numbers and rates of arrests are useful measurements of lawenforcement activityand officialresponsesto crime.Arrest statisticsalsoprovide someinsiit intothe composition of the criminal population, particularly as regards age, sex, and race. The varied policies and emphasis of law enforcement agencies influence the volume and type of arrests made. However, arrest practices for crimes are relatively uniform, allowing comparisons over time. Furthermore, it must be understood that because an individual can be arrested more than once during a given year, annual arrest statistics more accurately reflect the number of arrests made, rather than the number of different persons taken into custody. Arrest data reflect the actual number of arrests reported; the figures may not equal all arrests that took place. Profile of Index Arrest Trends During the period 1982-1986,the number of arrests made by Georgia law enforcement agencies for Index crimes decreased 0.8%. However, 1986 shows the largest increase in reported arrests since 1982. The number of arrests increased for all violent Index Crimes. Murder increased 0.4%, forcible rape 12.2%, robbery 1.0%, and aggravated assault by 3.8%. Total violent crime increased 3.6% from 1982 to 1986. Increases were also reported for larceny (2.3%) and motor vehicle theft (15.1%). Decreases were reported for burglary (-17.4%) and arson (-8.7%) (See Table 23). Arrests were made for only a small portion of reported crime incidents (See Table 24). Figure 16 REPORTED INDEX ARRESTS FIVE YEAR TREND, 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED 1984 1985 I 1986 1987 YEAR 1 INDEX ARRESTS 1988 Figure 17A INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1984 Figure 17B INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1988 Profile of Persons Arrested During 1988, young persons aged 17-21 were more frequentlyarrested for the crimesofrobbery,burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft. Those aged 22-26 were more frequently arrested for robbery. Arrests for murder, aggravated assault and arson more often involved those aged 37and older. Populationestimatesreveal the percentage of persons aged 17-21has fallen 1.3%; the percentage of personsaged 22-26has risen23%, those aged37and older has risen 10.8% from 1984-1988. Comparisons of arrest figures from 1984to 1988indicate a decreasein the percentage of persons arrested in age groups 0-16,17-21 and 22-26 (the age groups 17-21and 22-26 are still the highest in percent- + age arrested) and an increase in the percentage in age groups 27-31,32-36 and 37 (See Table 25) In addition, maleswere arrestedmorefrequentlythan females, and nonwhites were arrested more often than whites. Table 26 provides a profile of arrest data by age, sex and race. Profde of Juvenile Arrests for Index Crimes In Georgia,juveniles are persons 16years of age and under. In 1988,juveniles accountedfor 8.3% of all arrestsfor Index crimes. This represents a decrease of 1.6% from 9.9% in 1984for the five year period. In 1988,juveniles represented the lowest percentage of arrest ratesfor anyindexviolentcrime (SeeTables26 and 27). Table 27 indicates that juveniles are more likely to be arrested for property crimes such as burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft. Note: Population estimates are based upon projections provided by the Office of Planning and Budget. Table 23 Type of Crime Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) A avated Assault (&hangel Total Violent Crime (% Change) - PROFILE OF REPORTED ARRESTS FOR INDEXCRIMES 1984 1988 1984 574 -2.7% 942 2.1% 1985 621 8.2% 6.2% 1986 671 8.1% 975 -2.5% 1987 694 3.4% 978 . 03% 1988 707 1.9% 1,102 12.7% 8,618 -1.0% l2,636 3.0% 9,254 7.4% a362 73% 10,033 8.4% 14,643 8.0% 9,799 -23% 14329 -0.8% 12,036 22.8% 17,773 223% Larceny (% Change) Motor vehicle theft (% Change) Arson (% Change) Total Property Crime (96 Change) Total Index Crime (% Change) 1,861 -3.0% 33,966 -4.7% 46,602 -4.0% Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center 2,140 15.0% 39,281 15.6% 52,843 W.4% 2,517 17.6% 39,850 1.4% 54,493 3.1% 2,683 6.6% 41,621 4.4% 56,150 3.0% 3,441 283% 49,229 183% 67,002 193% -- - - 1988 23.2% 17.0% 39.7% 40.7% 84.9% - - 44.9% 43.8% Table 24 - COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF REPORTED INDEX CRIMESAND NUMBER OF REPORTED INDEX CRIME ARRESTS, 1984 1988 Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests 562 574 603 621 653 671 719 694 705 707 2,530 942 2,805 1,000 2,827 975 2,879 978 3,029 1,102 8,823 2,502 10,078 2,687 13,315 2,964 13,222 3,058 15,443 3,928 16,253 8,618 16,734 9,254 19,098 10,033 19,453 9,799 23,557 12,036 TotalViolentCrime 28,168 12,636 30,220 13,562 35,893 14,643 36,273 14,529 42,734 17,773 Burw Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson 69,659 7,654 14T732 24,173 17,626 1,861 1,068 278 77,809 8,570 164,143 28,281 22,868 2,140 1,264 290 86,619 8,961 177,440 28,038 27,868 2,517 1,324 334 94,955 9,223 192,755 29,407 33,785 2,683 1,074 308 99,711 10,493 219,367 34,980 34,071 3,441 1246 315 Total Index Crime 259,253 46,602 296304 52,843 329,144 54,493 358,842 56,150 397,129 67,002 Sourn: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 25 GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR INDEX CRIMES - 1984 1988. BY AGE GROUP Age Group 1984 % 1985 9% 1986 % 1987 9% 1988 9% Total 46,602 100.0% 52,843 100.Wo 54,493 100.0% 56,150 100.0% 67,002 100.Wo Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 26 PROFILE OF PERSONSARRESTED BY SPECIFICAGE, SEX, RACE, 1988 Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault 16 and Under 17-21 2.8% 22.2% 5.3% 21.0% 4.8% 24.3% 4.3% 16.6% AGE 22-26 20.2% 25.0% 26.9% 20.2% 27-31 15.3% 21.0% 23.3% 19.4% 32-36 153% 12.4% 11.9% 145% 37 + 24.2% 153% 8.9% 25.0% Total Violent Crime Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson 4.4% 15.5% 5.4% 18.8% 33.3% 14.9% 22.0% 19.3% 20.6% 20.2% 14.3% 18.4% 13.8% 8.4% 14.0% 20.8% 9.2% 26.7% Total Property Crime 9.7% Total Index Crime 83% 28.2% 25.7% 20.2% 20.7% 16.8% 17.7% 113% 113% 13.8% 15.7% Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Total Violent Crime Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total Property Crime Total Index Crime SEX Male Female 84.2% 97.3% 91.3% 80.7% 15.8% 2.7% 8.7% 19.3% 84.2% 93.2% 69.6% 90.8% 83.2% 15.8% 6.8% 30.4% 9.2% 16.8% 762% 23.8% 783% 21.7% Source:Gwrgia Crime InformationCenter RACE White Non-White 265% 735% 38.1% 35.0% 61.996 65.0% Table 27 ARRESTRATES PER 100,000PERSONS BY SPECIFICAGE, SEX, RACE,1988 lppedCIime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Total 115 17.9 63.8 195.6 16 and Under 1.2 35 115 315 17-21 30.6 45.0 185.9 388.8 ---- 22-26 27-31 27.4 52.8 UYL.2 4663 20.1 43.0 170.0 435.0 32-36 21.3 27.0 92.0 344.2 37 + 7.0 6.9 14.4 1233 Total Violent Crime 288.8 Bm Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson 1705 568.4 55.9 5.1 47.8 565 201.2 32.6 1.0 6503 7033 1,769.1 2235 9.2 748.7 456.6 1,3075 127.3 12.4 668.0 328.4 1,108.2 91.7 10.8 484.6 191.6 836.9 56.8 8.7 151.6 34.4 228.9 12.9 3.4 Total Index Crime 1,088.8 339.1 39555 2,652.5 2,207.0 1,578.6 4313 'QpeofCrime SEX Male Female Murder Foruile Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault - - - - -- - ---- -- Total Violent Crime 509.8 89.9 BurW Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total Property Crime 1,278.6 3742 Total Index Crime 1,788.4 464.1 RACE White Non-White 4342 5432 1,748.1 2,497.7 Source: Georgia Crime Infonition Center Table 28 GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR INDEX CRIMES, 1984-1988 VIOLENT OFFENSES PROPERTY OFFENSES Year Number Rate 100,000 Number Rate 100,000 INDEX CRIMES. BY RACE VIOLENT OFFENSES PROPERTY OFFENSES Year White Non-White White NOD-White Source: Georgia Crime Information Center, Office of Planning and Budget Population Ertimate. PROFILE OF NON-INDEX ARREST TRENDS Arrests for Non-Index crimes from 1984 - 1988 do not fol- low the pattern exhibited by Index arrests. Non-Index arrests decreased in 1985 and 1986 but steadily increased through 1988, showing an increase for this five year period of 43.8 %. Indexarrests increased steadily from 1984- 1988, with an increase for this five year period of 9.0%. Figures for 1986cannot be comparedbecause DUI arrest totals are unavailable. They acomparable if the DUI arrest totals are omitted from the other four years (See Table 29). PROFILE OF JUVENILE ARRESTS FOR NON-INDEX CRIMES Table 30 indicates that the percentage of Non-Index crimes committedbyjuveniles remainedlowthroughout the period 1984-1988. Considering population estimates, arrest rates for juveniles for each Non-Index crime were generally the lowest for each age group (See Table 32). Of all Non-Index crimes, other offense,public disturbance,and other assault ranked the highest of juvenile Non-Index arrests. Though juvenile Index arrests clearly demonstrated a tendency toward property crimes, Non-Index arrests did not show the same distinction. Other Assaults were higher in 1988compared to arrests for stolen property (See Table 31). Table 29 - PROFILEOF REPORTED NON-INDEXARRESTS, 1984 1988 NON-INDEX CRIMES Other Assault ForgeryICounterfeiting Fraud Embedement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway Total 238,238 226,077 171,357 233,818 259,679 Soum: GeorgiaCrime Information Center Weapons Violation, Public Disturbance and CurfewILoiteringa n reported under Other Offense. ** DUI totals unavailableas of print date. 56 REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS FIVE YEAR TREND, 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED -- -- 150,000 1984 I 1985 / I 1986 YEAR I 1987 1 NON-INDEX CRIMES - - -- (EXCLUDING DUI) I 1988 Table 30 REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS - 1984 1988, BY AGE GROUP Age Group 1984 % 1985 % 1986* % 1987 % 1988 % Total 238438 100.0% 226,077 100.0% 171,357 100.0% 233,818 100.Wo 253,913 100.0% .&urce: Georgia Crime Information Center *I986Total does not include arrestsfor DUI which are unavailable Figure 19A NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1984 Figure 19B NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1988 Table 31 REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1988 NON-INDEXCRIMES 16 & Under Other Assault ForgeryJCounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway 17-21 AGE 22-26 27-31 ,3246 Total 5,972 48,128 58,665 53,664 37,042 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 37 & Above 56m Table 32 NON-INDEXCRIMEARREST RATES PER 100,000PERSONS 1988, BY AGE NON-IMIEX CRIMES TOTAL 16 & Under 17-21 2236 ARREST RATES PER 100,000 PER 100,000 PER 100,000 Other Assault FmgerytCounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property vaudalism Weapons Violation Prostituted Commercial Vice Other Swr OBeuse Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance VatWncJ' Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway Total Arrest Rates NON-INDEXCRIMES - - - - - - -- - 27-31 32-36 37 & Above PER 100,000 PER 100,000 PER 100,000 Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud ~mbedement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitutiod Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance vwancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway Total Arrest Rates Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center CRIMES Table 33 - REPORTED NON INDEX CRIMEARRESTS STATEWIDE BY SEX AND RACE, 1988 Male Percent Female Percent White Percent Non-White Pvant Other Assault ForgeryICounterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway Total Arrests 213,466 82.2% 46,213 17.8% 135,329 52.1% w~ 479% Source:Georgia Crime Information Center DRUG VIOLATIONS 1984-1988 Though violations of drug laws are not Index offenses, drug offenses challenge the resources of law enforcement from street salesto the massiveorganizationswhich manufacture, import and distribute drugs in the United States. In 1984, reported drug arrests were at a five year low (1984 - 1988). However, they have since risen steadily to a high of 35497 in 1988.Thisrepresents a 67.8% increaseduring this period. Each year from 1984to 1987, persons were arrestedfor offenses related to marijuana more frequentlythan any other drug, although cocaine related arrests increased in 1988 with 2,745 more arrests than reported for marijuana. Duringthe samefiveyear period, steadyincreasesarenoted in arrests for Cocaine (618.6%) and Narcotic Equipment (200.4%). Reported arrests for both drugs peaked in 1988. . Of particular interest is the fact that cocaine arrests have steadily increased from 1,822 to 13,093 in the five ytat period, while narcotic equipment arrests only show 561 more arrests. Table 34 Amphetclmine Miturate Cocaiae Hallucinogen Heroin Uarijuana Narcotic Equipment opium synthetic Nafiatic Fnc Text* - REPORTED DRUG ARRESTS STATEWIDE 1984 1988 198 1984 %Change Rank 1985 %Change Rank 1986 %Change Rank 1987 %Change Rank 1988 %Change Rank 1% NOTE'Fnc Text includesall other violationsof state and local laws relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growink manufacturing, and malcingof narcoticdm@which cannot be singularly classified in categories 1-9. Sourct: Georgia Crime Information Center PROFILE OF REPORTED CLEARANCES According to the FBUUCR handbook, reported offenses can be cleared by arrest or exceptional means (circumstances occur preventing arrest). For purposes of statistical reporting, the number of offenses,not the number of persons arrested, are counted in clearance reports. Overall trends in clearances for Index and Non-Index crimes follow very similar patterns from 1984 to 1988. Clearances have risen steadily in 1984 and 1985 with a decreasein 1986for both Index and Non-Indexcrimes (See F i e 20). However, in 1987,Index crime clearancesrose onlyslightlywhile Non-Indexclearancesexperienced a significant increase. Clearance rate is defined as the number of clearances dividedby the number of reported crimes.Tables37and 38 represent the actual clearance rates for 1984- 1988.Due to variancesin reporting practices, care shouldbe exercised in comparing law enforcement agency clearance rates. Yearlytotals, however, areuseful for comparison.For someNonIndexcrimes,thenumber of clearancesreportedisthesame as the number of crimes reported. Law enforcement agenciesdonot report, for example,DUI offensesunless officers make DUI arrests. Table 35 - PROFILE OF' REPORTED INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES, 1984 1988 INDEX CRIMES 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Larcenymeft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total 53,619 91,638 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 62 Figure 20 INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES FIVE YEAR TREND, 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED 1984 1985 1986 YEAR 1987 1988 INDEX CRIMES Table 36 - REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES, 1984 1988 NON-INDEXCRIMES 1984 1985 1986 1987 Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance ValYancy Other Offense Curfewlbitering Runaway Total 140,627 175,435 142,924 205,636 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Data unavailable as of print date 1988 182,834 Figure 21 NON-INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES FIVE YEAR TREND, 1984-1988 220,000 NUMBER REPORTED 120,000 1984 1985 1986 YEAR 1987 1988 INDEX CRIMES Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Larcenymeft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total Table 37 - CLEARANCE RATES INDEX CRIMES, 1984 1988 1984 1985 1986 1987 - Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Uniform Crime Reporting Data Base Data unavailable Table 38 - CLEARANCE RATES NON-INDEX CRIMES, 1984 1988 -- - NON-INDEX CRIMES Other Assault ForgeryICounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor La\. Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfew/Loitering Runaway Total Source: Georgia Crime Information Center - Uniform Crime Reporting Data Base *WeaponsViolation, Public Disturbance and Curfewmitering are included in Other Offense. ** Data unavailable 65 1988 COUNTY CRIME PROFILES Index crime profiles for counties, shown in Table 41A, were developed from 1987 and 1988 incident reports submitted to the Georgia Crime Information Center by participating law enforcement agencies. Also included are Non-Index county crime profiles for 1987 and 1988 (See Table 41B). County totals are actual numbers reported; estimates for unreported crime are not included. In addition, some agenciesdidnot consistentlysubmit crime reports for theseyears which, in effect, lowered county totals. County Rankings Fulton, DeKalb, Cobb, Gwinnettand Chatham countiesaccounted for more than one-half of all the Index crimes reported in Georgiain 1988.Tables39 and 40 list Georgia's 159 counties ranked by total Index crimes reported and Index crime rates, respectively. Care shouldbe exercisedin any effort to interpret these data, due to the existenceof disparate reporting processes in some counties. However, in a majority of counties at least one law enforcement agency submittedreports to the GeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter in accordance with established laws. Consequently, these data provide a useful ranking of Index crimes and Index crime rates for individualcounties,to the extentthat reporting and non-reporting practices of law enforcement agencies are consistent from year to year. Table 39 RANKING OF COUNTIES BY NUMBER OF REPORTED INDEX CRIMES,1988 -- Reported Reported Reported County Index Crimes County Index Crimes County Index Crimes Fulton Dekalb Cobb Gwinnett Chatham Richmond Clayton Bibb Muscogee Dougherty Glynn Clarke Hall Houston Lowndes Whit field Floyd Spalding Troup Carroll Rockdale Douglas Tift Thomas Ware Newton Cherokee Baldwin Crisp Laurens Henry Bulloch Walker Liberty Forsyth Bartow Sumter Coweta Columbia Colquitt Catoosa Fayette Coffee Gordon Walton Paulding Decatur Ben Hill Barrow Camden Polk Jackson Upson Stephens Monroe Haralson Mitchell Murray Chattooga Elbert Worth Cook Effingham Emanuel Harris Burke Bryan Grady Wayne Washington Appling Dawson Macon Lamar Fannin Berrien Bacon Hart Toombs Franklin Morgan Dodge Early Peach Irwin Butts Jones Jefferson Lee White Dade Screven Madison Pierce Lumpkin Terrell Wilkes Jeff Davis Greene Putnam Brooks Rabun Dooly Oglethorpe Lanier Treutlen Jenkins Bleckley Gilmer Tattnall Seminole Pulaski McDuffie Habersham McIntosh Turner TeIfair Brantley Randolph Wilkinson Lincoln Pike Charlton Banks Oconee Meriwether Pickens Calhoun Union Crawford Chattahooche Heard Taylor Long Atkinson Jasper Candler =wb.Y Wilcox Johnson Stewart Evans Wheeler Schley Montgomery Miller Clinch Taliaferro Towns Clay Marion Hancock Webster Echols Talbot Baker Warren Glascock Quitman Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 40 RANKING OF COUNTIES BY INDEX CRIME RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1988 - - - Index Crime Rate Index Crime Rate Index Crime Rate County Per 100,000Persons County Per 100,000 Persons County Per 100,000Persons Fulton GlI'nn Dekalb crisp Dowherty Tattnall Clayton Bibb Dawson Tift Chatham Richmond Cobb Clarke Lowndes Spalding Troup M=wee Hall Gwinnett McDuffie Houston Whitfield Ware Camden Thomas Newton Rockdale Carroll Ben Hill Sumter Baldwin Bulloch Laurens Floyd Forsyth Coffee Monroe Colquitt Cook Douglas Haralson Gordon Bryan Henry Decatur Lanier Bartow Barrow Stephens Coweta Catoosa Treutlen Irwin Liberty Padding Elbert Mitchell Cherokee Walton Chattooga Lamar Upson Jackson Walker Harris Worth Murray Macon Morgan Columbia Berrien White Effingham Fannin Fayette Appling Early Polk Emanuel Burke Lurnpkin Grady Oglethorpe Wilkes Jenkins Washington Franklin Dade Putnam Terrell Rabun Wayne Pierce Butts Pulaski Jeff Davis Greene Dooly McIntosh Lincoln Dodge Seminole Bleckley Screven Hart Calhoun Lee Turner Gilmer Charlton Jefferson Taliaferro Brooks Jones Long Peach Brantley Randolph Toombs Telfair Madison Banks Pike Wikinson Atkinson Schley Heard Taylor Stewart Crawford Candler Wheeler Union Wilcox Jasper Pickens Clay Johnson Oconee Twiggs Webster Habersham Montgomery Evans Miller Clinch Meriwether Towns Marion Echols Chattahooche Bacon Hancock Talbot Baker Warren Glascock Quitman Source: Office of Planning and Budget, Population Estimates; Georgia Crime Information Center Table 41A COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, INDEX CRIMES, 1987-1988 County Applinf3 1987 1988 Atkinson 1987 1988 Bacon 1987 1988 Baker 1987 1988 B aldwin 1987 1988 Banks 1987 1988 Barrow 1987 1988 Bartow 1987 1988 Ben Hill 1987 1988 Berrien 1987 1988 Bibb 1987 1988 Bleckley 1987 1988 Brantley 1987 1988 Brooks 1987 1988 Bryan 1987 1988 Index Crimes Motor Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Thcn - Arson 0 0 0 1 0 1. 0 0 3 5 0 2 4 4 8 5 6 4 0 7 35 30 0 0. 1 4 0 0 0 1 - Table 41A Continued County Index Crimes Bulloch 1987 1988 Burke 1987 1988 Butts 1987 1988 Calhoun 1987 1988 Camden 1987 1988 Candler 1987 1988 Carroll 1987 1988 Catoosa 1987 1988 1,427 1,784 541 501 273 321 75 100 869 854 57 75 3,149 3,362 1,203 1,458 Charlton 1987 166 1988 142 Chatham 1987 15,629 1988 15,596 Chattahoochee 1987 73 1988 92 Chattooga 1987 545 1988 662 Cherokee 1987 2,378 1988 2,169 Clarke 1987 4,171 1988 5,542 Clay 1987 19 1988 28 Clayton 1987 11,197 1988 14,149 Motor Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Then Arson Table 41A - Continued County Index Crimes Clinch 1987 59 1988 34 Cobb 1987 21,069 1988 25,003 Coffee 1987 1,316 1988 1,288 Colquitt 1987 1,610 1988 1,509 Columbia 1987 1,597 1988 1,536 Cook 1987 499 1988 571 Coweta 1987 1,748 1988 1,553 Crawford 1987 159 1988 96 Crisp 1987 1,716 1988 1,932 Dade 1987 187 1988 291 Dawson 1987 300 1988 424 Decatur 1987 882 1988 1,018 Dekalb 1987 45,387 1988 48,946 Dodge 1987 238 1988 347 Dooly 1987 254 1988 231 Dougherty 1987 8,183 1988 9,749 Motor Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft Arson - Table 41A Continued County Index Crimes Douglas 1987 5852 1988 5944 Early 1987 297 1988 343 Echols 1987 8 1988 11 Effingham 1987 432 1988 561 Elbert 1987 435 1988 628 Emanuel 1987 480 1988 542 Evans 1987 74 1988 55 Fannin 1987 362 1988 383 Fayette 1987 1,293 1988 Floyd 1987 1988 Forsyth 1987 1988 Franklin 1,395 3,623 3,851 1,540 1,658 1987 1988 Fulton 1987 1988 Gilmer 1987 1988 274 358 96,470 102,206 201 205 Glascock 1987 1 1988 0 Glynn 1987 4,194 1988 5,771 Motor Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny- Theft Arson Table 41A - Continued County Index Crimes Gordon 1987 1,164 1988 1,259 Grady 1987 421 1988 497 Greene 1987 194 1988 253 Gwinnett 1987 14,483 1988 16,554 Habersham 1987 92 1988 175 Hall 1987 4,270 1988 5,279 Hancock 1987 15 1988 22 Haralson 1987 603 1988 733 Harris 1987 1988 Hart 1987 1988 Heard 1987 1988 Henry 1987 1988 Houston 1987 1988 Irwin 1987 1988 Jackson 1987 1988 Jasper 1987 1988 425 536 289 368 106 90 1,518 1,819 5,120 5,239 305 323 567 819 83 77 Motor Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft Arson Table 41A - Continued County Jeff Davis 1987 1988 Jefferson 1987 1988 Jenkins 1987 1988 Johnson 1987 1988 Jones 1987 1988 Lamar 1987 1988 Lanier 1987 1988 Laurens 1987 1988 Lee 1987 1988 Liberty 1987 1988 Lincoln 1987 1988 Long 1987 1988 Lowndes 1987 1988 Lumpkin 1987 1988 McDuffie 1987 1988 McIntosh 1987 1988 Index Crimes Motor Violent property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assualt Burglary Larceny Theft Arson - Table 41A Continued County Index Crimes Macon 1987 319 1988 414 Madison 1987 290 1988 283 Marion 1987 45 1988 26 Meriwether 1987 116 1988 109 Miller 1987 34 1988 45 Mitchell 1987 634 1988 713 Monroe 1987 663 1988 734 Montgomery 1987 10 1988 45 Morgan 1987 218 1988 351 Murray 1987 384 1988 693 Muscogee 1987 9,518 1988 11,525 Newton 1987 2,004 1988 2,196 Oconee 1987 149 1988 121 Oglethorpe 1987 134 1988 226 Paulding 1987 820 1988 1,051 Peach 1987 367 1988 325 Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft - Arson - Table 41A Continued County Index CrImes Pickens 1987 72 1988 103 Pierce 1987 216 1988 281 Pie 1987 76 1988 143 Polk 1987 856 1988 827 Pulaski 1987 202 1988 194 Putnam 1987 155 1988 253 Quitman 1987 9 1988 0 Rabun 1987 262 1988 241 Randolph 1987 103 1988 155 Richmond 1987 10,960 1988 14,374 Rockdale 1987 2,639 1988 2,947 Schley 1987 54 1988 45 Screven 1987 229 1988 286 Seminole 1987 185 1988 200 Spalding 1987 3,203 1988 3,594 Stephens 1987 525 1988 784 Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft - Arson Table 4l.A - Continued County Stewart 1987 1988 Sumter 1987 1388 Talbot 1987 1988 Taliaferro 1987 1988 Tattnall 1987 1988 Taylor 1987 1988 Telfair 1987 1988 Terrell 1987 1988 Thomas 1987 1988 Tift 1987 1988 Toombs 1987 1988 Towns 1987 1988 Treutlen 1987 1988 Troup 1987 1988 Turner 1987 1988 Twiggs 1987 1988 Index Crimes - - Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle 'Lbeft Arson - Table 41A Continued County Index Crimes Union 1987 41 1988 99 Upson 1987 670 1988 802 Walker 1987 1,557 1988 1,706 Walton 1987 1,127 1988 1,116 Ware 1987 5038 1988 5251 Warren 1987 2 1988 1 Washington 1987 427 1988 453 Wayne 1987 353 1988 468 Webster 1987 39 1988 16 Wheeler 1987 40 1988 51 White 1987 211 1988 291 Whitfield 1987 3,619 1988 4,215 Wilcox 1987 53 1988 70 Wilkes 1987 259 1988 266 Wilkinson 1987 121 1988 146 Worth 1987 478 1988 584 Motor Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Then Arson Table 41A - Continued County State Index Crimes Motor Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Tbeft Arson Total 1987 358,842 36,273 322,569 719 2,879 13,222 19,453 94,955 192,755 33,785 1,074 Table 41B County Appling 1987 1988 Atkinson 1987 1988 Bacon 1987 1988 Baker 1987 1988 Baldwin 1987 1988 Banks 1987 1988 Barrow 1987 1988 Bartow 1987 1988 Ben Hill 1987 1988 Berrien 1987 1988 Bibb 1987 1988 Bleckley 1987 1988 Brantley 1987 1988 Brooks 1987 1988 Bryan 1987 1988 Bulloch 1987 1988 - COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, NON INDEX CRIMES, 1987 1988 NON- INDEX Crimes Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense 109 145 5 2 78 86 1 0 361 398 7 5 236 289 303 381 185 259 113 77 73 1 2,435 18 33 50 63 11 46 62 121 316 355 Narcotic Drug Laws Table 41B - Continued County Appling 1987 1988 Atkinson 1987 1988 Bacon 1987 1988 Baker 1987 1988 Baldwin 1987 1988 Banks 1987 1988 Barrow 1987 1988 Bartow 1987 1988 Ben Hill 1987 1988 Berrien 1987 1988 Bibb 1987 1988 Bleckley 1987 1988 Brantley 1987 1988 Brooks 1987 1988 Bryan 1987 1988 Bulloch 1987 1988 Gambling - COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, NON INDEX CRIMES, 1987 1988 - - Family Offense DUI L~quor Public Other Curfew1 Laws DrunkennessDisturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering -- Runaway 0 7 102 0 0 0 0 3 102 0 0 12 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 2 35 0 0 0 0 1 81 3 0 1 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 18 560 13 0 25 571 35 0 0 0 103 0 0 5 1 1 0 0 0 1 61 0 0 0 1 16 343 9 0 0 1 35 403 0 0 55 0 1 197 4 0 0 0 4 388 18 0 25 9 7 206 8 3 23 134 3 1 0 0 0 5 1 0 4 102 4 0 0 0 3 132 7 0 25 8 189 918 134 206 0 17 257 998 92 171 1,213 0 3 80 0 0 0 0 6 47 0 0 13 1 0 117 1 0 0 0 0 111 0 0 10 6 1 8 1 5 0 0 0 0 79 5 0 62 0 14 116 0 0 0 1 13 113 6 I) 39 1 0 313 4 0 0 0 4 285 30 0 24 0 41 0 46 0 5 0 12 0 64 0 56 0 0 0 1 0 362 0 317 0 4 0 2 0 143 0 64 0 53 0 71 0 102 0 90 0 34 0 43 38 4,827 38 3,884 0 14 0 14 0 21 0 24 0 64 0 37 0 60 0 73 0 208 0 204 0 7 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 11 2 7 0 3 0 9 0 6 0 4 0 2 1 8 0 128 83 203 0 4 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 19 0 6 4 10 Table 41B - Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Other Narcotic Stolen Weapons Prostitution1 Sex , Drug Fraud Embevlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Laws Burke 1987 1988 Butts 1987 1988 Calhoun 1987 1988 Camden 1987 1988 Candler 1987 1988 Carroll 1987 1988 Catoosa 1987 1988 Charlton 1987 1988 501 410 432 386 156 m3 1377 1,473 20 42 2,940 3,574 1,378 1,971 319 329 Chatham 1987 30,861 1988 31,422 Chattahoochee 1987 100 1988 86 Chattooga 1987 728 1988 724 Cherokee 1987 3,641 1988 3,282 Clarke 1987 2,439 1988 2,294 Clay 1987 29 1988 39 Clayton 1987 8,277 1988 11,476 Clinch 1987 32 1988 33 Table 41B - Continued County Family Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Gambling Offense DUI Laws DrunliennessDisturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway Burke 1987 0 1988 0 Butts 1987 0 1988 0 Calhoun 1987 0 1988 1 Camden 1987 0 1988 0 Candler 1987 0 1988 0 Carroll 1987 1 1988 1 Catoosa 1987 0 1988 0 Charlton 1987 0 1988 0 Chatham 1987 19 1988 9 Chattahoochee 1987 0 1988 0 Chattooga 1987 0 1988 0 Cherokee 1987 1 1988 0 Clarke 1987 6 1988 0 Clay 1987 0 1988 1 Clayton 1987 8 1988 1 Clinch 1987 0 1988 0 Table 41B - Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm.Vice Offense Narcotic LDarwusg Cobb 1987 15,422 1988 24,184 Coffee 1987 1,444 1988 1,709 Colquitt 1987 1,172 1988 985 Columbia 1987 1,619 1988 1,709 Cook 1987 1,196 1988 848 Coweta 1987 1,618 1988 1,463 Crawford 1987 154 1988 164 Crisp 1987 1,119 1988 1,537 Dade 1987 601 1988 555 Dawson 1987 452 1988 453 Decatur 1987 675 1988 800 Dekalb 1987 21,793 1988 28,689 Dodge 1987 241 1988 214 Dooly 1987 205 1988 259 Dougherty 1987 8,019 1988 ' 8,253 Douglas 1987 3,541 1988 3,588 Table 41B - Continued County Family Gambling Offense DUI Cobb 1987 1988 Coffee 1987 1988 Colquitt 1987 1988 Columbia 1987 1988 Cook 1987 1988 Coweta 1987 1988 Crawford 1987 1988 Crisp 1987 1988 Dade 1987 1988 Dawson 1987 1988 Decatur 1987 1988 Dekalb 1987 1988 Dodge 1987 1988 Dooly 1987 1988 Dougherty 1987 1988 Douglas 1987 1988 Liquor Public Other Curfew1 Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway Table 418 - Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Early 1987 368 1988 350 Echols 1987 1 1988 5 Effiam 1987 551 1988 889 Elbert 1987 784 1988 932 Emanuel 1987 3% 1988 428 Evans 1987 132 1988 118 Fannin 1987 254 1988 343 Fayette 1987 1,848 1988 2,216 Floyd 1987 2,857 1988 3,099 Forsyth 1987 1,045 1988 1,263 Franklin 1987 478 1988 611 Fulton 1987 63,799 1988 69,382 Gilmer 1987 330 1988 372 Glascock 1987 4 1988 1 Glynn 1987 3,619 1988 5,300 Gordon 1987 1,386 1988 1,248 Other POWV/ Assaults Counterfeit Stolen Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Weapons Prostitution/ Violation Comm. Vice Other Narcotic - Sex Offense Drug Laws Table 41B - Continued County Family Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense bitering Runrwrg Early 1987 1988 Echols 1987 1988 Effingham 1987 1988 Elbert 1987 1988 Emanuel 1987 1988 Evans 1987 1988 Fannin 1987 1988 Fayette 1987 1988 Floyd 1987 1988 Forsyth 1987 1988 Franklin 1987 1988 Fulton 1987 1988 Gilmer 1987 1988 Glascock 1987 1988 Glynn 1987 1988 Gordon 1987 1988 Table 4JB - Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm.Vice Offense Narcotic LDarwusg Grady 1987 487 1988 686 Greene 1987 244 1988 253 Gwinnett 1987 12,727 1988 14,217 Habersham 1987 390 1988 376 Hall 1987 3,745 1988 4,026 Hancock 1987 127 1988 108 Haralson 1987 650 1988 748 Harris 1987 323 1988 327 Hart 1987 306 1988 392 Heard 1987 95 1988 69 Henry 1987 1,939 1988 1,993 Houston 1987 4,353 1988 5,733 Irwin 1987 137 1988 228 Jackson 1987 829 1988 1,069 Jasper 1987 85 1988 94 Jeff Davis 1987 214 1988 249 County Family Gambling Offense DUI Grady 1987 1988 Greene 1987 1988 Gwinnett 1987 1988 Habersham 1987 1988 Hall 1987 1988 Hancock 1987 1988 Haralson 1987 1988 Harris 1987 1988 0 Hart 1987 0 1988 0 Heard 1987 0 1988 0 Henry 1987 9 1988 0 Houston 1987 0 1988 1 Irwin 1987 0 1988 0 Jackson 1987 0 1988 0 Jasper 1987 0 1988 0 Jeff Davis 1987 0 1988 0 Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway Table 41B - Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Narcotic gur'' Laws Jefferson 1987 1988 Jenkins 1987 1988 Johnson 1987 1988 Jonts 1987 1988 Lamar 1987 1988 Lanier 1987 1988 Lawens 1987 1988 Lee 1987 1988 Liberty 1987 1988 Lincoln 1987 1988 Long 1987 1988 Lowndes 1987 1988 Lumpkin 1987 1988 McDuffie 1987 1988 McIntosh 1987 1988 Macon 1987 1988 Table 41B - Continued County Family Gambling Offense DUX Jefferson 1987 1988 Jenkins 1987 1988 Johnson 1987 1988 Jones 1987 1988 Lamar 1987 1988 Lanier 1987 1988 Laurens 1987 1988 Lee 1987 1988 Liberty 1987 1988 Lincoln 1987 1988 Long 1987 1988 Lowndes 1987 1988 Lumpkin 1987 1988 McDuffie 1987 1988 McIntosh 1987 1988 Macon 1987 1988 Liquor Public Other Cuffml Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering R u m - Table 41B Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Cnibezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Madison 1987 162 1988 149 Marion 1987 106 1988 71 Meriwether 1987 234 1988 249 Miller 1987 99 1988 39 Mitchell 1987 720 1988 783 Monroe 1987 976 1988 1,189 Montgomery 1987 48 1988 95 Morgan 1987 123 1988 226 Murray 1987 712 1988 591 Muscogee 1987 14,706 1988 14,519 Newton 1987 1,438 1988 Oconee 1987 1,717 88 1988 91 Oglethorpe 1987 109 1988 147 Paulding 1987 939 1988 Peach 1,208 1987 386 1988 387 Pickens 1987 114 1988 176 Table 41B - Continued County Family Gambling Offense DUI Madison 1987 0 1988 0 Marion 1987 0 1988 0 Meriwether 1987 0 1988 0 Miller 1987 0 1988 0 Mitchell 1987 0 1988 0 Monroe 1987 3 1988 0 Montgomery 1987 0 1988 5 Morgan 1987 0 1988 0 Murray 1987 0 1988 0 Muscogee 1987 9 1988 1 Newton 1987 0 1988 0 Oconee 1987 0 1988 0 Oglethorpe 1987 0 1988 0 Paulding 1987 0 1988 0 Peach 1987 1 1988 0 Pickens 1987 0 1988 0 Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway Table 41B - Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement Prowrtv Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense - Narcoti 'rug Laws Pierce 1W 310 198% 320 Pie 1W 169 1988 136 Polk 1987 713 1988 734 Pul%ski 1987 289 1988 382 Putnam 1987 197 1988 233 Quitman 1987 6 1988 2 Rabun 1987 255 1988 315 Randolph 1987 81 1988 U7 Richmond 1987 7,647 1988 9,354 Rockdalc 1987 3,035 1988 3,029 Schley 1987 54 J.988 38 Screven 1987 318 1988 335 Seminole 1W 318 1988 342 spalw 1987 3,062 19aa 3,253 Stephens 1987 509 1988 586 Stewart 1987 125 1988 157 - Table 41B Continued County Family Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkenness Disturbance vagrancy Offern loiter in^ Pierce 1987 1988 Pie 1987 1988 Polk 1987 1988 Pulaski 1987 1988 Putnam 1987 1988 Quitman 1987 1988 Rabun 1987 1988 Randolph 1987 1988 Richmond 1987 1988 Rockdale 1w 1988 Schley 1987 1988 Screven 1987 1988 Seminole 1987 1988 Spalding 1987 1988 Stephens 1987 1988 Stewart 1987 1988 Table 41B - Continued County NON INDEX Climes Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Narcotic ""Ug Lffws Sumter 1987 1,m 1988 1,886 Talbot 1987 69 1988 26 Taliaferro 1987 6 1988 24 Tattnall 1987 275 1988 220 Taylor 1987 155 1988 149 Telfair 1987 170 1988 170 Terrell 1987 209 1988 262 Thomas 1987 1,219 1988 1,466 Ti 1987 1988 Toombs 1987 1988 Towns 1987 1988 Treutlen 1987 1988 Troup 1987 1988 Turner 1987 1988 5882 3,488 518 661 93 % 128 209 4,649 4,939 132 146 ~29 1987 55 1988 35 Union 1987 127 1988 129 Table 418 - Continued County Family Gambling Offense DUI Sumter 1987 0 1988 1 Talbot 1987 0 1988 0 Taliaferro 1987 0 1988 0 Tattnall 1987 0 1988 0 Taylor 1987 0 1988 0 Telfair 1987 0 1988 0 Terrell 1987 0 1988 0 Thomas 1987 0 1988 1 Tift 1987 2 1988 8 Toombs 1987 0 1988 0 Towns 1987 0 1988 0 Treutlen 1987 0 1988 0 Troup 1987 13 1988 6 Turner 1987 0 1988 0 Twk3Y 1987 0 1988 0 Union 1987 0 1988 0 Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Run- Table 41B - Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Other Porgcxyl Assaults Counterfeit Stolen Other Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense upson 1987 525 75 10 10 4 2 153 0 l988 717 106 26 22 6 1 205 5 Walker 1987 1,4n 116 28 18 8 0 436 0 1988 1,634 1% 46 18 7 7 515 10 Walton EX7 786 26 47 16 4 3 176 0 1 W 1007 37 67 16 6 4 216 2 Ware 1987 1,920 269 125 42 37 7 319 0 1988 2,279 341 226 55 40 12 502 14 Warren 1987 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Washington 1987 693 85 57 157 4 2 62 0 1988 726 80 67 195 8 5 55 5 Wayne 1987 295 11 5 2 3 6 48 0 1988 424 12 8 4 0 3 107 3 Webster 1987 36 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1988 37 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 Wheeler 1987 162 2 0 5 2 1 2 0 1988 163 11 1 13 0 1 7 1 White 1987 275 7 8 11 0 0 52 0 1988 426 11 6 2 0 0 68 4 Whitfield 1987 3,972 375 183 605 41 15 734 0 1988 5,055 674 220 669 45 11 730 24 Wilcox 1987 65 11 3 2 0 0 5 0 1988 100 4 1 1 0 2 3 0 Wilkes 1987 297 34 26 33 2 0 30 0 1988 334 43 7 96 5 2 46 2 Wion 1987 94 6 0 1 0 0 27 0 1988 1l3 10 0 0 1 0 42 0 Worth 1987 269 7 55 7 4 1 21 0 1988 454 24 93 7 8 4 66 7 1 6 0 l3 0 n 0 53 0 5 0 9 0 22 1 37 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 88 0 109 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 2 Table 41B - Continued County Family Liquor Public Other Curfew1 Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy O f f e w Loitering R u m Upson 1987 1988 Walker 1987 1988 Walton 1987 1988 Ware 1987 1988 Warren 1987 1988 Washington 1987 1988 Wayne 1987 1988 Webster 1987 1988 Wheeler 1987 1988 White 1987 1988 Whitfield 1987 1988 Wilcox 1987 1988 Wilkes 1987 1988 Wilkinson 1987 1988 Worth 1987 1988 Table 41B - Continued County NON INDEX Crimes Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit Stolen Other Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation ~ornrnV. ice Offense Namti, Dmg Laws State Agency W 7,433 42 129 42 13 34 30 0 1W3 13,424 70 136 73 9 131 45 181 1 12.5 1,827 1 134 5793 Total W 317,?71 39,759 10,500 13,458 E M 367,991 49,214 12,600 15,743 2,657 2,819 2,261 50,299 3,089 60,478 4,813 1,041 573 5,314 16,250 5,915 21,986 County State Agency 1987 1988 Total 1987 1988 Family Gambling Offense DUI Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runnay 19 36 4,809 189 0 0 14 30 8,280 80 0 6 282 4,372 62,724 5,102 3,830 0 181 5,554 66,033 5,148 3,445 34,088 0 134 0 1,421 74 94,986 43 69,021 0 3 4 16 0 4,862 680 6 s Weapons Violation, Public Disturbance and Curfewwere reported as Other Offense during 1987. Source: Georgia Crime Information Center LAW ENFORCEMENTEMPLOYEES Profiles of the current law enforcement employee workforce arc based on reports submitted to the Georgia CrimeInformationCenter at the end of 1988.Countytotals arc based upon a compilation of the submitting agencies' employment 6gurcs. For comparative purposes, a law enforcement employee rate (employeesper 100,000persons)was calculated.Cam- den County topped the rankings with 760 employees per 100,000persons, well above the state average of 206. Care should be exercised in making detailed comparisons. However, these figures may be useful in making general manpower assessments. Note: Data on file at the Georgia Criminal Justice CoordinatingCouncilreflectstheemployment of 17,1% certified officers by Georgia law enforcement agencies. Tables 42 and 43 reflect only the data reported to GCIC in Annual Reports of Law EnforcementAgency Employees. Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Table 42 FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES, 1988 Sworn Officers Male Female Civilian Male Female Total Male Female Grand Total EeaPh-k lOOp0 Persou F8nnisl w Fryctte Faryth Pnnlrtin Pfllton Gamer OlrsoocL Glpn Gordon Ondy GrcGlle Gwinnett Habergham Hall HPlrcock Huh Harris Hart Hwd Henry Hou6toa Irwin Jeckson Jasper J& Davis Jefferson Jcnlrins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lcc Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin McDufEe Mclntosh Macon Madison Marion Meriwether MiUer Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Murray MU=iFe Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Table 42 - Continued Sworn Omam lWale Female Civilian Male Female Total Male Female Grand Total Employees Per 100,000 Persona Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens :*-wart Sumter Talbot Tahaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Ti Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Uhitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wion Worth State Agency Total - Table 42 Continued Sworn Olficers Male Female Civilian Male Female Total Male Female Grand Total EmPb-hr 10%- E'aWM 8,952 1,130 952 2,227 9,610 3,290 12- 206 Table 43 RANKING OF COUNTIES BY FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1988 -ty CMden Bddwin ILbun Emuluel ~Chrt~brm Wnn DouLberty Heny wrlton L-e RaetQk Sprldw Tmutkn cQrfct Tm* Byrn Tift wuc bier Water Stewut J.rper Richmond Polk Seminole Ben Hill UP Randolph White Codr Pukki Butts IAurCns Pikens Macon Evans Liberty lnvin Whitfield aarlte Bcrrien Pulton Jackson Cslhoun aurlton Bacon Sumter Po* Cwta Chattoop Meriwtther Stephens Law &forcement Employees Per 100,000 Pemns County Law Enforcement Employees Per 100,000Persons Catom Bulloch DeKBlb Clayton Lamar Gral-5' Franklin Hart Columbia McIntosh Habersham Wilcox Terrcll Harris Jefferson Haralson Cobb Gwinnett Monroe Lowndes Worth Crawford Wheeler Pierce Effingham Carroll Crisp Jeff Davis Atkinson no~d DooV Jones Tattnall Jenkins Newton Miller Wilkinson Colquitt Twiggs Montgomery Pike Brooks Wayne Dade Hancock Hall Oglethorpe Telfair Marion Schley Gilmer Clay Taliafem County Law Enforcement Employees Per 100,000Persons Morgan Toombs Bleckley Lce Taylor Bibb Towns Fannin Gordon Union Burke Muscogee Turner Thomas Scmen Brantlcy Elbert Johnson Clinch Dodge Mitchell McDuffie Cherokee Lumpkin Walker Appling Paulding Murray Fayctte Chattahoochee Douglas Houston Oconee Bartow Decatur Early Talbot Candler Madison Barn Echols Dawson Peach Banks Washington Baker Heard Wilkes Warren Glascock Lincoln Putnam Quitman The Georgia Bureau of Investigationjoins the criminaljustice communityof the state of Georgia in extending sincere sympathy to the families of the j followin law enforcement officers who ave their lives while protecting and servingt%e citizens of their community uring 1988. GREGORY L. DAVIS, OFFICER Atlanta Bureau of Police Services Shot by a suspect while answering a prowling call. HERBERT LEE EVANS, JR., PRIVATE Augusta Police Department Accidently shot by a fellow officer. ROBERT M. (BOB) KIRK, SPECIALAGENT Georgia Bureau of Investigation Shot with a handgun while attempting to question a suspect. DOREEN E. McCUMBERS, SENIOR PATROL OFFICER Chatham County Police Department Struck by a vehicle while directing traffic. OFRICERS KILLED AND ASSAULTED Strthbicscompiledin Table 44 are taken from reports submitttdto theGwrgiaCrimeInformationCenter by Iaw en- facement & - The most serious assaults committed against officers rcdkdH21death8duringtheperiod 1984 1988.The five par tread shows a peak of 6 deaths in 1986, followed by a - rbarpdtairuein 1981.The1988total is again more consis- teat with thcyurs l984 2386. Ycdydmgcsin thetotalnumber of officers assaulted has remainedfairlyconsistentshowingan increaseof only 6.0% dur* the fiveyuu period. Changes in the individual type ddtiesthat define assaultson lawenforcement officers rrt 8sdasthea&ties themselves.They have not folbmdtherunepatternasthe totalnumber over the last five years. However, the ranking of adivities by the number of assaultsoccurringhas remained fairlyconstant. In 1988,"attemptingother arrests"resulted in thehighest number of assaults, but in 1987the category of "allothers"was reported for most of the assaults. Another area of interest is the type of weapon used during assaults. In contrast to the weapon types most frequently used in the commission of aggravated assaults (See F w e 6B), officerswere most frequentlyassaultedby hands, fsts or feet. The number of reported personal injuries sustained by law enforcement personnel during assaults over the five year period increased from 1984-1987but decreased in 1988. Most of the injuries were sustained between the hours of 6:OO p.m. and 6:00 a.m. - REPOR'IXD LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLEDAND ASSAULTED,1984 1988 NUMBER OF OFFICERS KILLED OFFICERS ASSAULTED Type of activity Attempting,otherarrests Responding to disturbance calls Trafficpursuits and other stops Handling, transporting and custody All others Yearly total Type of weapon Firearm Knife or cutting instrument Other dangerous weapons Hands, fist or feet Yearly total wv Officers with personal injuries Officers without personal injuries Yearly total Type of assignment Alone Assisted Yearly total Time of Assaults Daytime(6:OO a.m.-6:00p.m.) Nighttime(600 p.m.-600 a.m.) Yearly total Total number cleared Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 5 351 213 68 144 325 1,lOl 1,101 332 769 1,101 1,101 329 772 1,101 1,051 4 334 203 85 141 330 1,093 1,093 327 766 1,093 1,093 278 8l5 1,093 1,011 6 357 201 111 107 336 1,112 1,112 310 802 1,112 1,112 286 826 1,112 1,025 2 4 375 299 165 125 416 190 381 305 123 83 372 1- 130 460 !I20 1,380 I* 389 875 1,264 130 374 &006 1,380 1,199 1464 431 833 1$&1 1,114 Figure 22A CUN ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED FlVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 7 8 -- 6 4 a-- 2 -- 1 -- A. I I I I B I I 1086 1086 1087 1088 YEAR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ASSAULTED FlVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 1,400 I,=-- 1m-- - - 1,260 1,200 -- 1,160-1,101 1,100 1,083 1,OM)-- 1,000 lW4 I I 1086 I I 1086 YEAR I I 1087 1088 PROFILE OF TRAFFIC FATALITIES Comprehensive data on traffic fatalities are available from the Georgia Department of Public Safety Accident Reporting data base. Figures indicate that in 1988 more traffic fatalities occurred than in any of the previous four years. Total fatalities increased by 250 over 1984 figures, while DUI related fatalities decreased by 17. The effect of alcohol use while driving has received much media attention in recent years. Tables 45 and 46 provide data on fatal accidentsand fatalitics causedby DUX (btood alcohol content of .10or greater). Additional data are provided for fatalities by month, bcation and type (Table 47) and holiday t r a c deaths in l987 and 1988 (Table 48). Holiday t r a c deaths normally account for a large proportion of deaths on our highways. In 1988,Thanksgiving was the most costly with a total of 33 fatalitiesin 102hours. Figure 23 TRAFFIC FATALITIES 1984-1988 NUMBER REPORTED dA1 1,800 1984 1985 1986 YEAR 1987 1988 TRAFFIC FATALITIES BY MONTH 1988 NUMBER REPORTED JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MONTH Table 45 - FATALACCIDENTS* INVOLVING DUI, 1984 1988 Total Fatal Accidents DUI Related Fatal Accidents % of Fatal Accidents - DUI Related 1984 1,2fjO 452 35.9% 1985 1,224 369 30.1% Accidents involvingdriver,passengers, pedestrians,pedalcylist with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .10 or above. Source: Department of Public Safety 1986 1,387 478 34.5% 1987 1,446 426 295% 1988 1,493 429 28.7% Table 46 - FATALITIES* INVOLVING DUI, 1984 1988 Total Fatalities DUI Related Fatalities - % of Fatalities DUI Related 1,410 515 36.5% 1,362 424 31.1% * The actual number of persons killed in accidents involving the driver,passengers,pedestrians,pedalcyclistwith Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .10 or above. 192 539 35.0% 1,604 479 29.9% 1,660 498 30.0% Table 47 - TRAFFIC FATALITIES BY MONTH, LOCATION, & TYPE 1987 1988 Moath Rural 1987 1988 Urban 1987 1988 Total 1987 1988 Pedestrian 1987 1988 Motorcycle 1987 1988 Other Vehicles 1987 1988 Total 1987 1988 J~UPY Pebnurg Mmuch M.g June J* Au- Septemat Ocrobtr November December 92 107 68 95 95 101 97 135 124 113 124 112 104 134 117 lQ5 132 94 100 99 127 127 114 134 Total So- l a 1Deputment ofPublic Safety 20 28 16 27 25 22 22 28 29 25 28 22 21 17 30 22 13 23 43 28 34 37 29 25 310 304 112 135 84 122 120 123 119 163 153 138 152 134 125 151 147 127 145 117 143 127 161 164 143 159 1,604 1,660 15 25 14 18 26 18 12 18 19 19 22 11 15 12 16 18 15 17 16 26 28 21 19 23 217 226 2 1 4 0 3 6 6 6 4 7 15 6 2 10 5 7 4 1 7 3 4 5 5 5 61 57 95 109 66 104 91 99 101 139 130 112 115 117 108 129 126 102 126 99 120 98 129 138 119 131 1,326 1,377 112 135 84 122 120 123 119 163 153 138 152 134 125 151 147 127 145 117 143 127 161 164 143 159 1,604 1,660 Holiday Table 48 - HOLIDAY TRAFFIC TOLL, 1987 1988 Accidents 1987 1988 Injuries 1987 1988 Fatalities 1987 1988 Memorial Day Fourth of July Labor Day WVk! Christmas New Years 1,678 1,915 2,160 5560 2302 2,331 1,552 1,6% 2,314 2,349 1332 1,852 Total 13,146 11,345 - 1987 One fatality every5.1 holiday hours. - 1988 One fatality every45holiday hours. Source: Department of Public Safety 725 691 829 738 888 833 9,919 940 938 691 731 655 14,030 4,548 22 13 12 11 24 16 13 33 17 22 17 13 105 10s Hours 1987 1988 78 78 78 78 78 78 102 102 102 78 102 78 540 492 GEORGIA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION The Georgia Bureau of Investigation was created in 1937. The initial charter authorized the establishment of a State Bureau of Identification to maintain fingerprint and e a l history information and the employment of individualstrained as e a l investigatorsto assist local law enforcement officers throughout the State. Today, the G.B.I. provides a wide variety of law enforcement services statewide, with sufficient flexibiity to adapt to changing crime patterns and needs of the law enforcement community in this State and in neighboring states. The GBI has four operating divisions: This division is charged with conducting investigations at the request of Superior Court Judges, District Attorneys, Chiefs of Police, Sheriffs,or at the direction of the Governor into violations of State laws. The division is heavily involved in the investigation of drug traffic and organized crime, in addition to ,its work with local law enforcement agencies in the invesbgation of traditional crimes, such as robbery, burglary, homicide, etc. The division is headed by a G.B.I. Deputy Director and is divided into three main sections: Special Operations, consisting of specialized squads basedin Atlanta;Field Operations,consistingof 13regional offices; and the Drug Enforcement Section consisting of four Regional Drug Enforcement Offices and specialized squads based in Atlanta. manages the statewide communications network Prad by criminaljustice agencies throughout the state andbthe interface with the National Crime Information Center. Reportsof criminalinvestigationsandaimcsareforwaded totheGeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter.GCICa m ~ c r s enable law enforcement agencies to check fa c a m i d reports on suspects, check far stokn items, such as guns, equipment, motor vehicles, etc., and to transmit lodrouts and other important messagesfrom agency to agencyor to all agencies quickly. GCICassistsboth stateand locallawenforcementagencies in ongoing criminal investigations by developing sUI)pact lists through accessto computerizedcsiminaljustice data. During fiscal year 1990, GCIC will fully implement the Georgia Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). AFIS technology will permit experts to search single latent fingerprints found at crime scenes against the master fingerprint file which contains all fingerprint and criminal history information for known criminal offenders in Georgia. . . . . The Division of Forensic Sciencesprovides support for all law enforcement agencies in the areas of tmmd&m, serology, drug identification, questioned documents, pathology, fuearms identification, latent prints, implied consent, and toxicology. The division has branch laboratories in Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Moultrie, and Savannah. TheGeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter maintainsthe computerized repository of criminal history information, and The Administrative Division m e s inand, logistic, and personnel support services for the entire Bureau. Table 49 - GEORGIA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION PRODUCTIVITYDATA 1988 INVBSnGATZVEDlVISION p p - - - - - - -- - - - - GEORGIA CRIMEINFORMATION CENITX DMSION OF PORENSIC SCIENCES Value of Stden m=*- 5,331 4,041 9372 3,794 4,m ~,on,974 SWS29216 Criminal Justice Agency Audits Completed Terminal Operators Certified/Recertified Actii Mainframe ComputerPrograms ProgramlSystem Developments & Modifications Fingerprint Processing Time (Days) CriminalFingerprintCards Processed Civil Fingerprint Cards Processed CCH Records InitiatedtUpdated CCH Records Disseminated UCR Reports Received Blank Forms Distributed State/Local Agency Assistance Projects TrainingHours Presented Personnel Trained CJIS Network Transactions TerminalResponse%me (Seconds) Number of Cases: Atlanta Savannah Columbus Augusta Moultrie Macon 51,154 5,658 5,175 4,352 5,490 5,098 Total 76,927 Court Appearances: Hours ported 8,078 Crime Scene Processed: Hours reported 781 l j p a of Cases: Pathology Handwiting Criminalistics Serology Drug ID Taxicology Latent Prints Implied consent Non-Lab Number oE Autopsies Perfonned: 830 11 COURTS The judicial powers of the State of Georgia are vested exclusively in seven classes of courts: magistrate, probate, juvenile, state, superior, the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. The magistrate, probate, juvenile and state courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. Additionally, the Constitution provides that the General Assembly may establish or authorize the establishment of municipal courts which have jurisdiction over ordinance violations and other offenses as may be provided by law. The courts of Georgia comprise a ded judicial system, Superior Courts Thesuperiorcourt isGeorgia's courtof generaljurisdiction, having exclusive jurisdiction over felony cases and cases involving divorce, equity, and questions of land title. With the exceptionof certain probate andjuvenile matters,the-superior courts exercise concurrent jurisdiction in other cases with the limited jurisdiction courts located in the same county or circuit. Each of the state's 159 counties has a superior court, such courts being organized by single or multiple county judicial circuits. Currently there are 137 superior court judges serving in 45 circuits divided into ten administrative districts, with an Administrative Judge and Court Administrator for each. Prosecution of cases before a superior court is conducted by a Distxict Attorney elected on a circuit-wide basis. State Courts Statecourtsexercisejurisdiction over trials of misdemeanor criminal cases and have general civil jurisdiction over the trial of all general civil actions, regardless of the amount claimed, unless exclusive jurisdiction is vested in the superior courts. The state courts' jurisdiction also includes hearing applications for and issuing search and arrest warrants, holding courts of inquiry and punishing contempts by fine and/or imprisonment. As of July 1, 1988, 63 state courts operatedin 62counties (Cherokeeand Forsythcountiesare served by one court). Of the 86 judges presiding, 36 were full time statecourtjudges; 2 were full time associatejudges and 48 served part time. Prosecution of cases before a state court is conducted by a Solicitor elected on a county-wide basis. Probate Courts The probate courts exercise jurisdiction in the probate of wills, administration of estates, appointment of guardians and the involuntary hospitalization of incapacitated adults and other dependentindividuals.Other dutiesforwhich the probate judges may be responsible, depending on the particular county, include holding habeas corpus hearings, acting as a court of inquiry, hearing traffic cases, and trying violations of stategame and fishlaws.There are 159probate judges, each serving a single county. Juvenile Courts Juvenile courts have exclusive otiginaljurisdiction in cam involving delinquent children alleged to have committed noncapital offenses, uuruly children under the age of 17, deprived children under the age of 18,and juvenile traftic offenders under the age of 16. With the exception of the juvenile court judge in Floyd County, who is an elected official,juvenile court judges are generally appointed for six year terms by their counties' superior court judges. As of July 1,1988, there were 11full time juvenile court judges and40part timejudges servingthestate's62 wuntieshaving separatejuvenile courts. Where no separatejuvenile court hasbeen established, ajudge of the superiorcourt servesas judge of the juvenile court. Magistrate Courts The 1983 Constitution of the State of Georgia established magistrate courts to replacejustice of the peace courts and small claims courts. A magistrate court exists in each cuunty of the state and serves as a court of limited j u r i s d i h . They serve as courts of inquiry, may issue arrest and search warrants, try violations of county ordinances, punish for contempt, and grant bail i~ all cases where the granting of bail is not exclusivelycommitted to some other court or of- ficer.As of July 1,1988therewere 159chief magistrates and 267 magistrates: 36 also serve probate, juvenile, civil or municipal courts. Court of Appeals The Court of Appeals has appellatejurisdiction in all cases where exclusivejurisdiction does not rest with the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals is composed of nine judges and is divided into three panels of three judges each. The Court of Appeals is autho+ed to correct errorsin caseson appealexcept where the SupremeCourthas exclusivejurisdiction. Examples of cases appealableto the Court of Appeals include claimsfor damages,criminal cases other than capital felonies, and compensation and insurance daimn Caseloaddata are collectedby the Court on an annualbesis and include numbers of casesdocketed; however, the numbers do not provide data on specificcriminal appeals. Supreme Court TheSupremeCourt of Georgiahas sevenjustices, whoelect one of their number to be the Chief Justice. The Supreme Court is the final court of review in the State and has exclusiveappellatejurisdictionin constitutionalquestbnsand contests. It has appellate jurisdiction in all habeas -us cases, and all cases in which a sentence of death was rmposed or could be imposed. It also has jurisdidion over a variety of civil matters. Courts Data The Administrative Office of the Courts, an arm of the Supreme Court and the staff of the Judicial Council of Georgia, collects, processes and maintains caseload information on the principal courts of the state. The data are critical in making decisions concerning the creation of judgeships and the boundaries of existingjudicial circuits. Caseload data are collectedby the Administrative Office of the Courts for the superior, state, probate, juvenile, and magistratecourts. The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals collect their own caseload data. With few exceptions, data collected and compiled for the courts reflect only workload factors and do not readily allow qualitative analysis of the functions of the courts. Note: In 1985AOC began compiling statistics according to calendar year. Some tables reflect this change. Georgia Judicial Administrative Districts Figure 25 JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF GEORGIA GEORGIA - JUDICIAL DISTRICTS CIRCUIT BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNOARV 0 rnl1.s -- 50 Figure 26 Superior Courts FYI983 5year trend: Total filingsl dispositions FYI984 CY1985 CY1986 CY1987 213,519 --215*544 2,974 225,000 2c'@000 175,000 5year trend: civil filingsl dispositions 100.000 5-year trend: criminal filings1 dispositions 71,441 71 463 _----- 68 643 70,000 60,000 50,000 5-year trend: average per judge, total filingsldispositions 1,541 1;549 ,,./'? 1 487 1,600 1,500 1,400 Filings Dispositions -. FYI983 FYI984 CY1985 CY1986 CY1987 CY 1987Superior Court Caselmd(Dockot.ntrkr) Circuit Alapaha Alcovy Appalachian Atlanta Atlantic Augusta Blue Ridge Brunswick Chattahoochee Cherokee Clayton Cobb Conasauga Cordeie Coweta Dougherty Doualas ~ubin Eastern Fllnt Griffin Gwinnett Houston Lookout Mountain Macon Middle Mountain Northeastern Northern Ocmuigee Oconee Ogeechee Pataula Piedmont Rockdale Rome South Georgia Southern Southwestern Stone Mountain Talla~oosa ~lfton Toombs Waycross Western TOTALS AVERAGE PER JUDGE' Total Criminal Felony Misdemeanor Filed Dis~osed Filed Dls~osed Filed Disposed 3,388 2,566 839 3.188 2,146 782 1,142 961 245 875 2,246 875 1,605 226 594 2,313 1,271 556 7,577 1.935 1;663 7,166 1,870 1,476 7,537 858 1,177 7,126 790 1,047 40 1.077 485 40 1.080 429 560 574 502 512 58 62 1,575 1,239 1,222 925 353 314 1,981 1,967 1,383 1,372 614 595 1,378 1,359 726 683 652 676 1,368 1,604 1,368 1,604 0 0 2,193 2,450 1,973 2,281 220 169 -- 1,935 1,765 666 571 1,269 1,194 1,223 1,181 610 570 613 61 1 1,361 1,321 1,086 1,049 275 272 913 1.227 1;057 1,575 1,149 2,164 842 1.384 1;103 1,560 1,039 1,929 91 1 514 287 1,575 54 1 1,297 840 2 53 1 713 285 770 1,560 0 489 608 1,178 867 2 853 818 - 0 550 751 1.276 389 3,263 1.216 380 3,141 1.169 319 965 1.107 310 984 107 70 2,298 109 70 2,157 1,270 1,316 1,135 1,196 133 120 768 643 724 614 44 29 738 820 436 454 302 366 1,946 1.026 2,651 1,731 1.079 2,616 833 563 1,087 678 513 1,054 1,113 463 1,564 1,053 566 1,562 1,009 907 453 396 554 51 1 910 957 871 91 5 39 42 1,069 819 646 460 423 359 839 803 1,898 786 432 844 285 2,028 489 423 407 268 516 399 1,409 363 576 1,629 630 1,561 1,048 3,345 1.656 990 555 1,505 1,032 3,086 1.578 779 528 1,269 640 3,345 482 650 474 1,194 -- 638 3,086 434 462 102 292 407 0 1.172 340 81 31 1 394 0 1.144 317 1,145 1,217 34 1 305 804 912 1,015 1,014 690 690 325 324 591 649 542 594 49 55 71,463 522 68,643 45,455 501 332 43,037 314 25,994 190 25,606 187 'Based on 137 superlor court judges. Table 50 CY 1987 Superior Court C a s d o d (Docket mtrb) Total Civil Filed Disposed General civil Filed Dis~osed DocMltlc Relations Filed Disposed 1,296 2,340 1,116 1.142 2,387 1,243 739 1,085 482 610 557 532 972 1,255 1,415 583 634 860 9,659 3,314 6,469 9,689 3,249 9,219 3,841 956 1,706 4,147 1,063 1,744 5,818 2,358 4,763 5,542 2,186 7,475 2,333 3.903 2,298 3.549 674 1.613 651 1.503 1,659 2.290 1,647 2.046 Total Caseload Filed Disposed 4.684 4,906 1,955 4.330 4,533 2,025 17,236 5,249 8,132 16,855 5,119 10,695 2,893 5.478 2,872 4.788 Total Open aseload 1,456 3,076 1,300 7,258 1.113 5,274 1,533 3.161 Table 51 - CY 1987State Court Caseload(Docket entries) County Bibb Bryan Carroll Chatham Misdemeanor Filed Disposed 4,402 90 935 1,073 4,471 94 765 1,606 Traffic Filed Disposed 3,527 1,098 6,931 986 3,330 1,276 4,667 1,477 Civil Filed Disposed 1,003 91 0 5,403 722 50 0 5,244 Total Filed Disposed 8,932 1,277 7,866 7,462 8,523 1,420 5,432 8,327 Chattooga Cobb Colquitt Coweta 738 5,268 1,034 429 765 4,370 868 640 2,621 68,819 1,346 3,395 2,944 47,008 1.249 3,491 41 29,425 61 364 118 19,745 32 236 3,400 103,512 2,441 4,188 3,827 71,123 2,149 4,367 DeKaib* Fulton Habersham Houston 6,924 20,030 804 1,227 4,156 19,397 645 3,753 5,898 23,115 1,409 6,688 3,401 23,115 1,205 6,148 62,358 51,653 119 1,407 55,657 33,821 59 1,164 75,180 94,798 2,332 9,322 63,214 76,333 1,909 11,065 Lowndes Miller Muscogee Pierce" 2,371 160 2,528 267 1,544 160 1,705 218 11,879 892 2,761 64 1 9,058 892 2,133 586 193 90 14,443 10,692 2 2 1,054 1,054 639 251 5,928 4,089 17 14 925 818 Richmond Spalding Stephens Sumter Tift Treutlen Washington Worth 2,197 1,415 866 1,307 1,676 250 472 276 2,069 2,105 846 1,129 1,176 243 300 215 4,798 2,815 975 1,455 6,199 2,870 489 2,482 6,554 4,316 982 1,328 4,648 2,654 386 2,259 500 227 189 244 232 191 77 63 203 104 7 2 18 13 78 57 7,495 4,419 2,073 2,839 8,078 3,127 979 2,836 8,850 6,665 2,019 2,520 5,928 2,899 699 2,531 'Criminal dispositionsare for the period 1-1-87to 9-30-87. ' ' ~ A t ais for the period 1-1-87to 9-30-87. Table 52A CY 1987 Probate Court Civil Caseload (Docket entries) County No Admin- Admin- istration Probate Guardian- Year's istration Necessary Common Solemn ship Support Atkinson 8 1 2 14 11 3 Bacon 18 4 4 18 14 4 Baldwin 32 12 11 81 81 2 Banks 20 5 0 36 29 9 Barrow --_ 13 6 1 52 29 5 Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Blecklev &antley 8 5 2 53 10 4 13 9 1 12 11 12 72 17 20 406 90 34 3 4 0 22 5 2 7 7 2 17 9 7 Bryan BUIIOC~ Butts Candler Charlton 10 1 1 24 21 2 Cherokee Clarke Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Cook' Coweta Crawford Crisp Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge -- Dougherty Douglas' Early Echols Ernanuel 55 Evans 12 Fannin 16 Fayette' 2 Floyd 47 Forsyth 37 40 .- 10 5 0 3 3 5 0 22 13 7 2 139 56 5 17 6 0 23 7 8 22 8 2 243 46 16 214 52 9 Fulton Gilrner Glynn Grady Greene 394 319 238 1,524 1,059 130 32 10 6 21 13 10 62 11 12 1 66 66 29 17 5 1 45 19 4 6 2 3 3 1 11 0 Gwinnett 88 36 12 36 1 201 40 Habersham 13 4 3 62 20 2 Hall 48 18 8 225 50 19 Haralson 27 1 0 52 14 3 Harris 7 6 3 40 10 11 Hart 14 7 3 57 5 10 Heard 5 3 3 26 2 2 Houston 22 15 3 170 67 5 Jackson 25 6 2 67 22 16 Jasper 1 0 3 10 1 1 Jefferson Jenkins Jones Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty' Lowndes Macon Mitchell 9 8 5 3 5 3 1 2 18 19 4 2 50 3 52 16 11 4 7 5 7 40 10 10 0 3 1 27 0 5 26 12 9 0 15 6 0 8 83 24 11 0 23 19 3 0 25 72 4 6 161 38 18 4 39 11 0 0 44 10 0 Hospitalization 7 18 168 0 43 15 10 128 0 0 21 133 7 0 1 1 96 0 34 50 87 33 13 73 28 52 43 0 0 8 0 24 0 0 8 14 8 55 6 26 32 28 0 Habeas Corpus 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Licenses Marriage Pistol 72 59 182 58 356 247 126 95 241 101 174 50 99 21 1,568 202 117 103 120 58 69 82 450 94 120 125 737 1,197 7,190 169 773 182 94 3,012 201 896 296 170 118 57 919 270 34 91 68 171 4 1 334 114 464 1,074 106 136 666 40 77 42 190 842 1,981 126 296 47 32 955 56 315 143 134 92 30 320 l? 13 60 29 86 17 146 46 40 243 32 59 Total Civil 177 320 990 320 49 1 321 190 2,538 256 227 231 1,554 181 257 207 1,510 2,360 12,869 437 1,502 362 192 4,778 389 1,631 579 381 306 136 1,521 560 63 235 171 331 90 698 216 684 1,640 235 26 1 Table 52A CY 1987 Probate Court Civil Caseload (Docket entries) County No Admin- Admin- istration Probate Guardian- Year's lstration Necessarv Common Solemn ship Support Morgan 6 10 10 48 10 4 Murray 11 4 0 48 13 7 Muscogee 181 24 18 485 235 80 Newton 22 13 6 110 57 13 Oglethorpe 5 8 3 27 8 7 Paulding' Peach Plckens Pike Putnam 14 2 1 50 21 7 8 2 1 41 6 1 12 8 2 39 3 2 2 - 3 0 28 2 2 7 4 4 28 7 3 Qultman 6 0 2 3 0 0 Rabun 5 13 1 54 24 1 Randolph 7 1 3 30 2 0 Richmond 128 45 33 370 145 106 Rockdale 14 26 13 96 80 10 Schley Semlnole Spalding Stewart Tattnall 2 0 3 7 24 17 4 0 12 3 0 2 4 0 0 26 5 1 3 136 44 16 1 11 1 0 1 30 14 4 Taylor Telfalr Terrell Thomas TIf t 4 1 3 18 0 1 8 1 6 19 4 2 6 2 3 28 11 0 19 7 4 115 22 1 12 7 4 74 18 4 Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren 1 5 1 20 8 1 8 4 2 8 3 3 39 23 11 164 32 12 15 4 1 35 19 2 8 4 0 19 13 3 20 20 2 85 15 7 17 20 11 157 68 28 22 14 14 90 24 17 20 10 3 119 18 18 3 5 0 22 7 0 Washington 7 8 4 41 11 3 Webster 0 0 1 7 0 0 Wheeler 2 3 0 6 2 0 White 6 5 0 32 7 3 Wilkinson 7 4 0 19 4 1 Worth 13 4 0 50 17 5 Hospitalization 24 17 88 62 5 o 0 39 2 13 1 0 0 180 4 0 13 54 0 23 36 2 0 454 33 0 7 83 6 0 35 46 52 51 7 10 0 0 12 21 11 Habeas Corpus 3 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Licenses Total Marriage Pistol Civtl 157 37 232 76 2,183 310 469 380 81 58 309 408 3,604 1,132 202 293 103 491 63 27 149 161 115 38 1 84 36 159 115 50 2-3. 1 23 108 60 1,442 549 9 44 51 257 32 135 839 3,288 - 271 -1,063 44 :iY 69 802 31 602 158 1 , - J 34 0 5 1 163 6-8..-- -3.r-8 54 27 1. d 89 48 179 78 57 185 463 79 1,164 392 94 638 60 78 65 28 526 186 64 29 112 113 174 128 1,076 175 272 252 107 545 241 104 692 293 145 671 397 139 775 40 19 103 166 50 300 19 25 52 45 12 70 118 74 257 89 96 241 200 65 365 'Data Isfor period 1-147to 93087. Table 52B CY 1987 Probate Court Criminal Caseload (Docket entries) County Misdemeanor Filed Disposed Traffic Filed Disposed Atkinson Bacon Banks Barrow 0 0 74 60 31 7 323 0 0 639 922 1,253 1,448 639 872 1,225 1,419 Ben Hill Bleckley Brantley Butts 50 45 0 0 101 101 62 62 721 599 658 658 857 860 635 635 Charlton Cook* Crawford Crisp 0 0 60 60 53 37 76 70 2,039 2,987 1,119 3,062 2,227 2,609 609 2,442 Dawson Dodge Echo- lsFannin 142 133 134 126 837 788 770 755 Fayette' Floyd Gilmer ~aralson 26 26 0 0 0 0 66 33 1,458 5,590 1.300 2;409 1,458 3,833 1,200 1,792 Harris H. a.-rt. Heard Jasper 96 96 0 0 106 111 6 6 2,245 1.042 524 247 2,053 1.042 522 247 Lanier Laurens Lee Morgan 0 0 147 113 41 41 76 76 282 5.405 l;l66 5,081 258 4,662 1,158 4,733 Murray Newton Oglethorpe Paulding* 0 0 130 122 84 84 25 13 2,888 4,022 435 814 2,888 3,698 422 691 Peach Pickens Pike Quitman 0 0 86 86 798 765 333 334 Rabun Randolph Rockdaie Schley 0 0 54 58 0 0 0 0 673 1,307 1,664 268 673 1,307 1,707 244 Seminole Stewart Taylor Telfair 142 136 90 90 37 34 55 49 978 747 996 1,276 826 697 903 1,018 Terrell Towns Turner Union 0 0 69 62 0 0 85 77 1.116 253 2,211 610 1.024 231 2,220 518 Upson Walton Warren Webster 0 0 51 51 10 8 22 20 2,172 2,968 1,063 445 2,390 2,968 944 402 Wheeler White Whitfield Wilkinson 9 14 0 0 0 0 42 79 1,118 486 4,557 371 1,082 443 5,376 391 'Data is for ~ e r i o d1-1-87tog-30-87. Total Caseload Filed Disposed 639 996 1,570 1,448 639 932 1,548 1,419 771 644 658 658 958 961 697 697 2,039 3,047 1,172 3,138 2,227 2,669 646 2,512 979 921 904 1,484 5,590 1,300 2,475 2,341 1.042 624 253 282 5,552 1,207 5,157 2,888 4,152 519 839 798 881 1,484 3,833 1,200 1,825 2,149 1.042 633 253 258 4,775 1,199 4,809 2,888 3,820 506 704 765 419 673 1,361 1,664 268 1,120 837 1,033 1,331 1.116 322 2,211 695 2,172 3,019 1,073 467 1,127 486 4,557 413 420 673 1,365 1,707 244 962 787 937 1,067 1.024 293 2,220 595 2,390 3,019 952 422 1,096 443 5,376 470 Table 53 CY 1987 Juvenlle Court Caseload (Number of children) County Delinquent Filed Disposed Ap~ling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin 86 52 27 21 21 12 2 0 204 193 Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hlll Berrien 6 5 65 48 289 217 24 59 37 22 Blbb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bfyan 909 733 17 15 9 4 44 22 61 57 Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden 139 98 76 65 36 30 6 5 155 114 Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham 16 406 153 32 1,280 13 367 151 28 1,163 Chattahoochee 28 18 Chattooga 22 22 Cherokee 286 40 Clarke 315 310 Clay 11 11 Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt 890 8 1,804 66 196 549 8 1,317 65 183 Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crlsp 199 165 51 49 223 212 2 1 48 37 Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge 12 12 17 8 1 05 53 2,587 NA 35 12 Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols 51 37 800 791 425 425 24 24 7 5 Efflngham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin 64 61 58 48 30 89 67 57 22 20 Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklln Fulton Gilmer Glaacock Glynn Gordon Grady 218 442 82 31 4,614 33 1 345 169 43 217 413 79 n 2,902 30 1 344 165 33 Unruly Filed Disposed 30 25 1 1 8 6 3 23 xi3 6 6 13 11 58 50 2 7 15 10 195 158 2 2 2 2 21 10 21 19 21 11 2 2 6 5 1 0 78 52 0 0 181 124 40 40 6 5 280 228 2 1 7 7 142 18 132 129 1 1 389 219 2 2 939 792 5 5 18 17 48 47 8 8 107 107 0 0 15 10 11 11 0 0 24 10 1,100 NA 2 0 1 0 137 135 165 165 7 7 0 0 9 8 3 3 3 6 1 0 10 10 77 75 235 227 57 44 14 10 1,100 616 29 27 0 0 172 172 78 67 12 10 Traffic Filed D i w 19 13 1 1 0 0 1 0 31 31 0 0 6 3 118 110 0 0 6 3 209 189 0 0 0 0 3 1 9 7 28 16 5 5 9 9 5 5 13 5 0 0 126 104 53 52 0 0 323 256 0 0 0 0 266 58 120 117 7 7 970 762 0 0 989 736 12 13 31 27 ,115 103 3 3 99 99 4 3 0 0 8 8 0 0 17 15 1,541 NA 9 6 2 0 298 295 21 21 24 23 0 0 2 2 28 23 0 0 4 4 1 1 178 428 97 12 1,262 5 3 85 11 14 174 409 105 11 1,064 5 3 85 11 7 Deprived Filed Disposed 24 21 16 13 18 9 1 1 53 0 14 14 19 9 140 124 28 27 18 18 185 118 1 1 25 19 19 6 25 21 13 6 tl 9 18 2 3 2 80 68 9 8 99 64 64 57 11 9 473 410 1 0 0 0 83 13 153 151 3 3 338 243 2 2 362 315 15 16 75 64 22 20 20 18 95 95 8 7 15 15 17 17 9 3 48 45 769 NA 0 0 0 0 55 55 102 92 6 2 0 0 17 13 17 16 29 102 '1 1 11 27 17 64 63 141 135 28 15 9 2 978 540 0 0 2 2 45 45 87 87 17 13 Soecial ~rkeedin~s Filed Disposed 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 16 11 170 150 2 2 0 0 328 242 5 3 1 1 7 6 0 0 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 29 24 3 3 10 5 0 0 0 0 147 131 1 1 3 3 83 23 41 41 o o 197 145 2 2 223 169 0 0 1 0 22 14 6 2 39 39 1 1 7 7 2 2 1 1 4 4 106 NA 0 0 0 0 36 36 40 40 1 1 0 0 13 8 3 3 0 0 7 7 5 5 0 0 34 33 1 1 2 1 290 134 0 0 0 0 3 3 28 25 1 1 Total Caseload Filed Disposed 161 112 45 36 48 28 7 4 313 249 26 25 119 82 775 651 56 95 76 53 1,826 25 37 94 116 1,440 21 26 45 104 205 134 99 85 73 50 19 16 355 263 28 822 310 49 2,463 24 664 300 42 2,188 32 32 880 76 1 22 2,784 14 4.317 98 321 20 32 152 748 22 1,918 14 3.329 99 291 406 349 88 80 563 552 15 12 85 69 50 50 27 12 198 127 6,103 N A 46 18 54 1,326 753 62 7 37 1,312 743 57 5 105 92 109 93 62 197 90 79 65 53 537 1,278 265 68 8,244 67 6 650 373 87 529 1,217 244 47 5,256 62 6 649 355 64 Table 53 CY 1987 Juvenile Court Caseload (Number of children) County Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hanc- o- c- k Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie Mclntosh Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Put nam Ouitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Ddinauent Filed isp posed 17 1,483 35 312 10 14 1,405 23 307 1 39 34 39 38 64 59 12 12 210 205 281 237 16 9 32 22 0 0 64 0 38 31 21 15 9 9 39 0 61 46 29 26 230 229 44 39 273 207 6 9 20 12 327 265 6 2 65 60 94 42 15 15 67 54 36 20 85 85 7 6 36 31 59 54 8 6 37 33 77 60 1,125 860 302 255 7 1 16 11 220 192 33 24 23 13 33 10 36 24 88 61 28 26 49 48 2 2 20 17 19 17 1,057 937 206 206 19 17 43 41 18 14 330 302 40 30 16 12 154 153 2 2 Unrulv Filed ~ i s & x e d 2 1 425 372 6 4 146 146 0 0 6 6 0 0 11 10 2 2 130 130 328 290 4 3 6 5 0 0 20 0 3 3 0 0 1 1 18 0 9 g 6 (2 12297 92 89 1 2 4 3 95 61 5 2 7 7 16 6 0 0 29 17 12 8 5 5 7 7 7 7 36 36 1 1 2 2 52 35 555 430 118 100 1 0 2 2 49 48 1 0 9 9 0 0 10 9 44 39 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 248 235 92 92 0 0 0 0 0 0 97 88 1 1 4 4 48 47 0 0 Traffic Filed Disposed 24 1,183 12 319 0 17 1,142 10 319 0 0 0 11 9 33 32 3 3 118 118 308 285 0 0 6 1 2 2 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 32 30 0 0 75 75 31 28 30 26 18 12 0 0 93 39 0 0 1 1 46 42 2 2 29 27 1 0 6 6 2 2 3 3 51 50 11 10 48 43 2 2 489 450 115 96 1 0 10 6 28 23 1 1 10 6 0 0 10 6 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 3 73 45 185 185 2 2 2 2 1 0 72 71 6 4 0 0 32 32 0 0 Filed bisposed 10 10 353 335 63 51 157 153 9 6 23 20 5 5 23 1 18 18 63 55 274 241 5 4 54 17 27 27 1 0 7 6 6 6 4 1 0 0 19 10 12 11 55 37 3 3 86 30 1 4 4 0 65 45 1 1 33 30 18 13 2 1 20 12 10 10 78 77 3 3 16 14 31 31 11 11 10 10 33 30 492 401 194 142 2 1 9 9 28 22 67 52 36 20 18 7 16 4 29 25 5 5 8 8 1 1 7 7 9 8 18 18 68 68 10 10 3 3 2 2 136 128 32 21 5 5 59 59 0 0 Special Proceedin-o-s Wed Disposed 0 0 123 116 2 2 5 5 0 0 6 6 5 5 6 6 0 0 0 0 31 27 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 14 14 5 5 9 0 10 9 3 2 4 4 17 16 24 21 0 0 8 5 0 0 4 3 4 4 8 4 0 0 2 2 7 4 0 0 4 4 3 2 9 9 4 4 8 5 32 28 61 53 120 98 7 4 0 0 16 11 10 8 7 7 4 1 8 3 28 21 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 7 6 13 12 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 37 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 TW C- as-s.lo.ad- Red D i 53 3,567 118 939 19 42 3,370 90 930 7 74 66 60 57 137 108 35 35 521 508 1,222 25 100 29 103 1.080 16 47 29 0 49 41 41 35 19 16 113 0 131 101 50 44 491 471 124 115 505 353 ,26 27 34 20 580 410 16 8 110 102 182 107 19 18 147 112 66 42 174 173 23 22 65 57 186 180 35 32 lO!i 93 196 155 2,722 849 18 37 341 2,194 691 6 28 296 112 85 85 55 55 18 80 46 189 146 40 37 63 62 6 4 29 26 41 34 1,409 555 31 48 21 1,247 555 29 46 1 6 672 628 83 60 25 21 293 291 2 2 Table 53 CY 1987 Juvenile Court Caseload (Number of children) County Taliaferro Tattnail Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth TOTALS Delinquent Filed Disposed 5 5 39 32 6 5 68 213 23 23 111 92 331 255 88 79 5 5 29 26 649 645 55 35 33 24 10 9 89 76 144 144 353 350 252 201 6 6 49 28 70 65 3 3 16 11 13 5 317 272 3 2 22 19 11 10 79 39 29,573 22,317' Unruly Traffic Filed ~ i s k s e d Filed Disposed 0 0 6 4 2 2 21 48 4 4 4 4 14 14 3 3 22 28 4 4 95 84 26 20 1 1 0 0 0 0 78 71 43 38 4 3 3 3 17 17 155 155 6 5 8 8 4 4 30 28 92 92 17 15 9 9 10 9 51 44 62 62 217 216 51 39 1 1 0 0 77 77 115 115 50 44 4 2 0 0 23 19 2 2 2 2 6 1 259 241 9 9 1 0 1 1 1 0 301 242 0 0 1 0 2 2 13 7 1 1 14 14 8 7 25 21 9,988 7,441' 12,175 9,845' Denrived Filed isp posed 0 0 21 18 2 2 7 21 37 37 51 41 26 14 71 54 2 2 8 4 194 192 8 2 6 3 17 17 64 59 46 46 126 116 40 24 4 2 7 7 92 88 2 2 3 3 1 1 188 164 8 5 1 0 17 14 3 2 9.011 6,579' 'Totals do not include dispositions in DeKalb County. Special Proceedinas Filed ~isposed Total Casdoad Filed Disposed 0 0 9 9 7 5 87 73 2 2 15 14 1 1 119 311 5 5 73 73 28 25 363 313 7 4 433 331 9 7 173 144 0 0 10 10 4 4 58 51 1 1 1,091 1,085 4 3 90 60 2 1 58 45 1 1 42 40 2 2 236 209 19 19 135 121 18 17 0 0 0 0 348 348 946 918 411 325 15 11 56 35 19 19 213 200 0 0 8 7 2 2 24 19 0 0 21 7 69 55 1,134 974 0 0 12 8 10 10 48 43 0 0 38 33 11 10 131 79 2.992 2,258' 63.739 48.440' Table 54 FY 1988 Maa"istrate Court Caseload (Cases filed) County Warrants Issued Bond and Committment Hearings County Ordinances Filed Disposed Civil Claims Filed Disposed Appling Atkinson Bacon* B- aker Baldwin 781 232 186 127 2,158 548 260 120 438 164 0 1 1 195 185 0 79 0 21 3 0 93 0 0 92 42 364 19 98 2,476 2,100 Banks Barrow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb 260 2,262 1,427 962 8,768 13 576 136 3 3,979 9 5 274 154 239 236 701 284 179 150 1,405 1,208 0 0 441 358 0 0 2,346 2,169 Bleckley Brantley' Brooks Bulloch Burke 646 61 492 3,435 1,243 288 32 99 246 240 3 8 8 74 30 334 132 110 457 317 99 1 1 1,397 2,555 16 0 0 559 506 Butts Calhoun Camden Candler' Carroll 926 139 1,314 386 2,426 122 24 71 328 295 1 12 12 123 126 512 7 6 396 204 124 46 0 176 85 78 49 49 1,231 924 Catoosa Charlton Chatham Cherokee Clarke 1,801 428 8,322 4,627 9,151 435 23 3,605 173 2,273 89 87 274 326 23 25 134 43 759 449 6,907 4,218 4 2 1,077 790 58 112 1,436 1,271 Clay Clayton* Clinch Cobb' Coffee 161 5,628 244 1 1.342 4,548 95 6,277 1 1.177 85 0 0 50 44 56 44 1,170 979 0 0 196 6 885 921 2.176 1.578 0 0 l;468 '689 Colquitt Columbia Cook' Coweta Crawford 2,266 1,525 271 3,209 223 606 0 0 2,225 200 305 542 359 1,010 816 10 0 0 76 88 22 1,222 640 1,743 1,466 46 30 19 117 63 Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb 960 1,675 414 1,055 17;049 451 1,443 125 378 25,985 374 546 578 538 0 0 259 215 3 0 396 339 0 0 1,342 21 593 692 3,890 2,019 Oodae DOO~ Dougherty Douglas Early 1.365 471 7,864 3,607 429 0 0 0 355 149 98 0 0 413 277 292 0 0 3,621 3,621 710 275 299 673 466 15 0 0 331 330 Echols Effingham Elbert Ernanuel Evans 21 832 1,184 906 30 1 16 0 0 26 17 107 54 54 265 260 540 0 0 490 346 429 380 287 729 723 98 342 223 330 63 Fayette Floyd Franklin Fulton Gilmer' 925 5,289 733 14,115 135 457 1,000 109 19,234 90 418 1,171 96 20,604 0 360 329 135 12,917 0 689 2,385 535 5,021 151 545 1,591 345 2,899 191 Glynn ord don Grady' Greene Gwinnett 3,667 2,821 121 379 9,969 176 722 45 10 5,252 972 971 1.647 1.071 143 305 649 329 0 3 223 217 0 B 780 944 92 623 2,632 2,935 Habersham' Hall Hancock Haralson Harris 338 2,189 229 534 633 112 4,142 162 10 125 20 1,613 69 282 62 20 1,302 28 204 23 188 1,645 891 265 398 136 1,348 676 114 321 Other Civil Cases Filed Disposed 150 66 70 34 1,955 150 66 70 34 1,955 74 442 1,127 182 1,227 74 442 1,127 182 1,227 126 126 11 11 198 198 645 645 190 190 154 154 68 68 285 285 58 58 961 961 250 74 9,095 1,014 2,187 250 74 9,095 1,014 2,187 6 6,024 111 0 718 6 6,024 111 0 718 904 400 55 1,039 36 904 400 55 1,039 36 655 655 60 60 53 53 578 578 119 119 186 113 3,882 725 152 186 113 3,882 725 152 0 0 72 72 314 314 312 312 192 192 338 2,213 163 59,916 9 338 2,213 163 59,916 9 1.547 368 68 28 1 7,634 1.547 368 68 281 7.634 84 1,617 254 93 126 84 1,617 254 93 126 Total Filings 1,629 494 548 253 6,608 617 3,644 4,138 1,585 12,341 1,050 154 1,279 5,478 1,992 1,432 342 2,002 666 4,667 2,414 659 25,083 6,722 12,832 217 12,878 551 14.403 61734 5,395 3,477 402 7,213 406 2,567 1,994 866 2,975 21,651 1.906 997 15,367 5,280 912 47 1,223 1.988 2,327 1,165 2,370 11,058 1.527 99,656 295 7.833 3,981 412 1.440 20,327 630 7,064 1,443 1,174 1,219 Total Hearings and Dispositions 982 252 70 169 4,517 246 1,538 2,621 543 7,375 753 52 959 3,300 712 642 207 1,007 267 2,012 1,098 165 17,367 1,979 5,843 145 13,324 118 3.676 1,492 1,710 1,880 153 3,169 164 2,190 1,718 51 7 977 28,815 335 488 7,795 2,200 497 33 493 1.200 1,751 576 1,700 5,133 752 94,966 290 3.765 1,724 333 1.235 16I444 352 8,409 1,120 421 595 Table 54 FY 1988MagistrateCourt Caseload(Casesfiled) County Bond and County Civil Warrants Committment Ordinances Claims Issued Hearings Filed Disposed Filed Disposed Hart MQ' Houston Jackson JmPer Jeff Davis Jefferwn Jenkln8 Johnson Jon- Lamu Lanler Laurens Lee Uncoln Lon9 LOwndeb Lumpkln Macon Madlwn Marion McD~ffie #Iclntosh Hlller Monroe Morgan Mu=fXW filethorpe 520 1,739 6,476 1,236 297 974 863 419 370 1,102 647 389 2243 366 151 319 5,570 465 785 429 115 1,146 477 175 737 421 0 2,262 95 201 143 2,355 2,505 111 117 531 268 35 22 6 61 67 2,151 72 64 107 1,547 200 147 346 52 234 228 0 89 199 0 1,203 0 35 0 570 0 5 0 386 216 0 71 0 0 0 798 8 59 14 1,119 129 150 109 0 22 0 0 0 115 0 1,084 2 2 0 483 235 553 1,039 1,199 0 1,240 1,115 11 661 748 0 177 171 370 484 509 216 733 733 0 491 435 71 206 187 0 652 224 9 351 307 0 184 188 800 901 1,623 5 319 267 59 332 163 28 * 91 98 42 3,520 1,061 45 301 279 117 468 331 0 373 294 0 84 104 15 933 647 0 216 208 0 280 0 0 583 499 11 419 347 0 818 302 966 1,227 890 2 92 75 6 136 137 Pauldlng Peach Plckens Plerce* Plke Pulaskl Putnam Qultman Rabun Randolph Rkhmond Rockdale Schley Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tlft Tombs Towns Treut len Troup Turner Twiggs Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren 1,094 1,432 685 529 380 303 471 30 385 394 8,407 2,084 137 330 3,203 1,639 349 2,296 170 262 625 498 2,307 3,960 3,250 217 395 1,758 476 258 886 1,287 1,488 2,116 98 528 1,260 12 124 159 128 618 5 4 48 1,409 1,645 125 22 1,836 239 33 1,030 51 33 108 342 724 957 9 3 91 51 269 132 455 337 383 1,444 0 117 103 189 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 8,122 1,012 0 26 448 0 58 572 346 10 0 83 907 0 525 0 0 71 63 3 185 53 639 1,355 0 173 119 56 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 8,122 802 0 26 288 0 58 2 194 0 0 83 846 0 833 0 0 7 50 0 37 86 585 1,355 0 517 418 240 131 149 291 888 17 287 204 5,822 792 79 314 2,101 523 63 889 540 159 343 349 2,211 1,165 1,198 52 112 3,946 223 176 529 642 965 799 243 523 280 199 133 86 214 789 17 255 215 3,933 901 71 139 1,412 90 63 833 444 50 305 283 1,852 74 878 44 112 3,033 227 140 131 291 848 799 214 Other Civil Cases Total Filed Disposed Filings 204 509 1,324 339 115 204 509 1,324 339 115 1,207 3,857 9,040 2,241 589 248 248 2,072 317 317 2,129 220 220 1,130 134 134 781 152 152 1,906 259 259 1.257 64 64 637 953 953 4,895 112 112 805 100 100 642 14 2,672 114 317 77 14 2,672 114 317 77 438 12,881 1,009 1,720 988 50 50 249 411 411 2,512 82 82 775 42 42 497 233 233 1,553 161 161 1,116 4 4 822 844 644 5,217 46 46 235 85 85 424 258 258 1,986 226 226 2,179 65 65 1,179 58 58 718 43 43 557 74 74 668 201 201 1,560 0 0 47 36 36 708 21 21 619 6,277 871 37 a4 2,667 6,277 871 37 a4 2,667 28,628 4,739 253 754 8,419 212 212 2.374 36 36 506 812 812 4,569 157 157 1,213 18 18 449 196 174 1,078 804 1,495 19.6. 174 1,078 604 1,495 1.164 1,104 6.503 5,729 6,468 2 55 2,990 86 74 2 55 2,990 86 74 271 562 8,763 848 51 1 356 400 1,228 739 111 356 400 1,228 739 111 1.956 2;382 4,320 5,009 452 Total Hearinas and ~ispo&ions 582 4,616 4,944 1,209 403 1,658 1,534 690 414 382 636 319 5,527 456 386 247 5,322 638 962 717 206 1,307 516 42 821 718 306 3,723 123 263 1,482 1,885 332 315 292 41 6 1,588 22 295 284 19,741 4,219 233 27 1 6,203 541 195 2,677 846 101 609 882 4,500 1,635 3,215 49 258 6,081 632 346 979 1,114 3,024 4,337 325 Table 54 - FY 1988 Magistrate Court Caseload (Cases filed) County Bond and County Civil Warrants Committment Ordinances Claims issued Hearings Filed Disposed Filed Disposed Other Civil Cases Filed Disposed Washington Wayne Webster' Wheeler White 1,046 859 62 199 400 14 143 140 1,280 1,183 508 508 97 0 0 405 085 220 220 38 0 0 39 39 9 9 25 0 0 152 126 57 57 337 102 95 295 357 74 74 Whitfield Wilcox Wiikes Wilkinson Worth 5.434 202 293 340 985 57 12 1 2.090 1.695 1.479 1.479 88 22 17 343 334 108 108 99 71 44 335 302 179 179 11 23 14 354 354 123 123 117 0 0 412 393 210 210 TOTALS 247,153 113,130 52,452 40,328 116,320 86,321 146,770 140,770 Total Filings 2,957 1,544 110 408 871 9.015 675 878 840 1,607 502,695 'Partial submissions for FY 1988. Total Hearings and Dispositions 1, a 4 1,002 86 208 863. 3.232 545 624 502 720 386,548 Table 55 Court of Appeals Caseload: 1986 and 1987 (Docket entries) Interlocutory applications Discretionary applications TOTAL Disposed By opinion By order lnterlocutory applications Discretionary applications TOTAL 1986 1987 Table 56 Supreme Court Caseload: 1986 and 1987 (Docket entries) Filed 1986 1 1987 Disposed Direct appeals (Final) Petitions for certiorari 560 538 By opinion 560 540 Affirmed without opinion Habeas corpus applications 158 203 (Rule 59) Applications for discretionary appeal 166 Appliitions for interlocutory appeal 61 Attorney discipline 36 Original petitions/Motions 25 Cross appeals 0 Petitions for certiorari 183 Denied Dismissed 58 Habeas corpus applications 72 Denied Dismissed 22 Remanded 14 Wihdrawn Certified questions 9 8 Dismissed without prejudice Bar admissions Judicial discipline Other 12 5 Denied without prejudice Stricken and entered on general docket 0 2 Discretionary applications 7 1 Denied Transferred to Court of Appeals TOTAL Dismissed Dismissedwithout prejudice Withdrawn Denied with direction Remanded Interlocutory applications Denied Transferred to Court of Appeals Original petitions/Motions Denied Granted Dismissed Dismissed without prejudice Attorney and judicial disciplinary1 Bar admissions decided by order Other Transferred to Court of Appeals by order Dismissed by order Remanded by order Withdrawn Vacated by order Stricken from docket Certiorari granted, application granted, notice of appeal I TOTAL 1986 1,353 1987 1,524- Total includesfigures from several categorb not a p p h b b to W 1987sludy. "Companionc a ~ &w~ere countedas one cam inarrivingat total. III CORRECTIONS INTRODUCTION The administration of state correctional facilities and programs is a function of the Executive branch of government. All offenders sentenced by the courts to the custody of the state are either housed in facilities operated by, or under the authority of, the Department and the Board of Corrections, or are supervised by probation offtcers employed by the Department and the Board. As of November 30,1988, the Department and the Board were responsible for the custody and care of 18,870 inmates institutionalized in facilities under the authority of the Department andtheBoard. TheDepartment andtheBoard also were responsible for the supervision of 107,610 active probationers as of December 1988. The Department and the Board of Corrections have no authority over inmates released on parole. These offendersare supervised by the State Board of Pardons and Paroles and are addressed in a separate section of this publication. Department of Corrections Facilities The Department of Corrections is responsible for carrying out judicial sentences. In order to do so, the Department maintains four differe'nt types of facilities, has regulatory authority over another type of facility, and operates a separate division for the probation function. The Department has authority over 25 correctional institutions, 10 probation district offices and 19 diversion centers. It is authorized to employ 7,748 persons to carry out its assigned functions. It is by far the largest statecriminaljustice agency and one of the largest agenciesin all ofStategovernment. The various programs for which the Department is responsible include: 1. Probation Supervision is a program operated by the Department as an alternative to incarceration. The judge may require a probationer to report to his probation supervisor on a routine basis, require community service work, requirethe payment of restitution to thevictim, andmayimpose a variety of other special conditions upon the probationer's freedo'm. The Department employs 7U probation program employees who actually supervise offenders sentenced to state probation by the courts. As of December 1988,107,610activeprobationerswereunder the supenision of the Probation Division. 2. Diversion Centers are operated by the Department as short term residential facilities for offenders sentenced to a term of probation which includes conditions requiring confinement in a diversion center. The average stay in a diversion center is 120 days. The diversion program is designed to allow a sentencingjudge to impose a more rigorous sentence than regular "street"probation, yet not as restrictive as incarceration in a prison facility. A diversion center offersa variety of educational,job training, counseling,treatment and other socialization programs to the offender. Residentsof diversioncentersare ailowed to maintain their employment and must pay taxes, room and hoard, and any fines or restitution imposedby thejudge. Theyalsocontinue to pay for the support of their families. These centers are oftenreferred to as "halfway-inhousesn.TheDepartment is authorizedto employ285 employees to superviseoffenders placed in 19 diversion centers. The current capacity of the diversion centers allows for custody of a minimum of 3,451 residents per year. 3. Detention Centers are operatedby the short term confinement facilities for t e n d to a term of probation These offendem include probationers whose terms of probation are revoked for technical violations; probationers convicted as h a W violators of Driving Under the Influence @UI) laws rad probationersconvictedof non-violent offenses. Theastay in a detention center is 90 t&l.20days. The dtttlrtion program is designed for offenders to perform public works and places less emphasis on treatment programsthan divession centersalthough drugand alcoholtreatmentprograms are available. TheDepartment is a u t h o r i d to empky 285 individualsto staff 5detentioncenterswhichare to beWy operational by the middle of 1989. The capacity (220) d these centers will allow them to serve 2,450 residents per year. 4. County Correctional Institutions are operated by 27 counties within the state. Although the countygovcmmcat operates, maintains, and employs the personnel who operate these facilities, they are under the regulatory authorityof the Department ofCorrections.Theyhouseinmates who are sentencedto the custodyof the Department for terms of confinement.These inmates are required to work in variouscountymaintenanceprograms such asroad repair andotherpublicworks. As ofNovember30,1988,the 27 county correctional institutions housed 2,924 inmates. 5. State Prisons are operatedby employeesof theDepartment. These facilities offer a variety of educational, job- training, counseling, treatment, and other s o d a b t i o n programs to the inmates, but their primary emphasis is on maintaining custody of the inmates and security of the institution. As of November 30,1988,there were 15,525 inmates housed in 25 state institutions. The Department is authorizedto employ5,744individualsto statrtheseinstitutions. 6. Transition Centers are operated by the Department to provide an easier transition back into community life for inmateswho are scheduledfor release fromprison in thtnecu future. The program is designed to lessen the personal shock of going from a totally controlled and disciplinedinstitutional setting to the free environment the average citizen enjoys. It is also directed at helping the residents secure and maintain meaningful employment. These centers are referred to as "halfway-out houses". As of November 30, 1988, there were 468 residents housed in these centers. The Department is authorized to employ 133 individuals to staff these centers. County Jails In Georgia, the sheriff of each county retains the English common law duty as chief jailer. He is responsible for the w e , maixltenance and security of all prisoners lawFuUy detained and awaiting trial and of all inmates sentenced to his custody by the courts. Generally, inmates confined in county jails have received sentences of 12 months or less, are awaiting transfer to a state prison facility, are awaiting trial on criminal charges, or are temporarilyassigned to the countyjail subject to the agreement of both the sheriff and the commissioner of the Department of Corrections, while' they are working on a state Department of Correctionsa p proved work project. 139 they are working on a state Department of Corrections approved work project. Currently,there are 146countyjails fundedfor operationin the state's 159counties. Corrections Data Thedatacollectedandpublishedin thisreport areprovided by the Department of CorrectionsStatisticsUnit within the Department's evaluation and statistics component. This unit is responsible for maintaining all relevant statistical data on inmates and probationers assigned to the custody of the state. Since much of these data are critical to internal decision-making within the Department of Corrections, they are maintained primarily for such internal purposes. The Department of Corrections is, however, required by lawto submit certaincriminalhistoryrecord informationto the GeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter and alsoprovidesto the State Board of Pardons and Paroles data on offender status and on offender conduct while in prison. The im- proved computer capabilities of this unit currently provide in-depth analyses of offender information and feedback to other criminaljustice system components, especiallyto the judiciary. Statisticaldata on inmate populationsat the local level (i.e., county and city jails) are extremely difficult to maintain, since there is no central repository. The Department of CommunityAffairs,with the assistanceof thecomputerized reporting capabilities of the Georgia Crime Information Center,hasbeen collectinglimiteddataon localjail populations since mid-1982, as noted in the narrative portion of this report. PRISON PROFILE Table57 outlinespopulation trends in the major categories of prisons from 1984to 1988. The figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. During that period, the overall inmate population increased from 15,731 to 18,870. Morespecificdata onindividualinstitutionswithin the state system are available (See Table 58). Those prisons with the greatest population include the Georgia Diagnostic Classification Center (GDCC) at Jackson (1,817), Georgia Industrial Institute (GII) at Alto (1,665), Middle Ga. C.I. Y.O. (985), Georgia State Prison (GSP) at Reidsville (976) and the Middle Georgia Correctional Institute - Rivers (950). Note: TheGDCCisoperatedprimarilyforthe classification of prisoners to be reassigned to other correctional institu- tions. Also, Middle Ga. C.I. - Y.O. no longer houses just youthful offenders. Table 57 - CORRECTIONALINSTITUTION POPULATIONSBY TYPE, 1984 1988 ' h e of Facility 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Transition Centers County Correctional Institutions State Corredional Institutions Other* 399 2,391 q897 44 426 2,486 13,347 40 469 5579 14,293 22 344 2,491 14,684 106 443 2,831 15,583 13 Total 15,731 16,299 'Other" inmates out to court on appeal. Narc: llwc figures represent inmate countstaken in December of eachyear. Saua: GDC 17363 17,625 18,870 Table 58 INSTITUTION POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, 1988 Institution Age Men Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % Total % Atlanta Adv Ctr Macon Trans Ctr At1Women Trans Ctr New Horizons Savannah Trans Ctr Macon Women Trans Ctr Central State Hosp Bulloch C.C.I. Carroll C.CI. Clarke C.C.1. Colquitt C.C.I. Coweta C.C.I. Decatur C.C.I. Effingham C.C.I. nayd C.CI. Pulton CC.1. Gwinnett C.C.I. Hall C.C.I. Hams C.C.I. Houston C.CI. Jackson C.CI. Jefferson C.C.I. Meriwether C.C.I. Mitchell C.C.I. Muscogee CC.1. Richmond C.C.I. Screven C.C.I. Spalding C.C.I. Stewart C.C.I. Sumter C.C.I. Terrell C.CI. Thomas C.C.I. Troup CC.1. Upson C.C.I. Ware C.I. Lowndes C.I. Dodge C.I. GTDC (Buford) Walker C.I. Wayne C.I. GI1 (Alto) Montgomery C.I. Lee C.I. Putnam CI. - GSP (Reidsville) Middle Ga. C.I. Men Metro C.I. - GDCC (Jackson) - Diag GDCC (Jackson) Perm - Coastal C.I. Middle Ga. C.I. Y.O. Stone Mtn C.I. - Middle Ga C.I. -Women Middle Ga C.I. Rives Rutledge C.I. Central C.I. Augusta Medical C.I. Rogers C.I. Burris CI. Bostic C.I. Unassigned Total 1,839 12,%6 2,609 498 17,912 100% 64 728 139 27 958 100% 18,870 100% Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figures represent counts taken in December of 1988. 141 INMATS PROFILE In analyzing the inmate population from 1984to 1988, sexand r a a variables remain constant (See Table 59). Table 60 provides more specific data concerning age, sex,and race of the 1988inmate population. Of frequent interest in discussii offenders is the individual prisoner's actual length of sentence. Table 62 breaks down the numbers of persons assigned each specific sentence length. Percentage changes in sentencelengths are dueto the Department of Corrections dmn& to a new computer system in July 1987.The Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS) provides more detail on sentences and, as a result, will show an increase in the percentage of longer sentences. Also, the category of youthful offender will continue to decline due to the discontinuation of the Youthfui Offender Act. There remain a few inmates still classified as youthful offenders who have not processed out of the system. A final important area is the number of offenders awaiting execution. Though the percentages have remained cunstant,the actualnumberson deathrowhave decreasedfrom 117in 1984to 114in 1988.Oneexecutiontook placein 1988. Table 59 - INMATEPOPULATION BY RACEAND SEX 1984 1988 W e Male Non White Male Whitc Female NonWhiteFcmale 6,114 38.9% 8,854 563% 292 1.9% 471 3.0% 6,2!54 38.4% 9,197 56.4% 342 2.1% 506 3.1% 6,569 37.8% 9,847 56.7% 365 2.1% 582 3.4% 6,449 36.6% 10,302 58.5% 310 1.8% 564 3.2% 6,468 34.3% 11,444 60.6% 347 1.8% 611 3.2% ~Ducto~pu#n~donot~totPl10046. lbru@re8 rrpltleat inautcanmtstaken kDecember ofeachyear. .Soorce: GDC Table 60 -- RwtandSer. INMATEPOPULATIONBY RACE,AGE AND SEX, 1988 -- -- -- - 00-21 22-39 AIF 4054 55-99 Total 96 % Total Population White Male 639 4,335 rn 270 6,468 36% 34% Nun White Male la() rn 228 11,444 64% 61% Tstrrl 1939 12- 2,609 498 17,912 10096 White Female 16 251 68 12 347 36% 2% Non White Female 48 477 71 15 611 64% 3% N o k Figuses rrpnsentinmate countstaken in Decemberof 1988. SaUFc:GDC INMATE POPULATION BY RACE 1L SEX, 1988 '----' NON W/M 81% Table 61 - INMATE POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, 1984 1988 Violent Personal Non-violent Personal Property Drug Sales Drug Possession Victimless Alcohol* HTV & DUI** Sex Offenders** Other Not Reported*** Total Reported 15,731 100.0% 16,299 100.0% 0 Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not alwaystotal 100%. These figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. *Beginningin 1985, a new crime type "Alcohol"was added and the crime type "Victimless"was delcted. Beginning in 1987,"HTV & DUI"were taken from the crime type "Alcohol" and categorizedseparately,alsothe crime type "Sex Offender"was added. ***Beginningin 1988, thc categoryof *NotReported" was added. 17,625 100.0% 18,870 100.096 Table 62 Sentence in Years - INMATE SENTENCE LENGTH IN YEARS, 1984 1988 0-1 1.1-2 2.1-3 3.1-4 4.1-5 5.1-6 6.1-7 7.1-8 8.1-9 9.1-10 10.1-12 12.1-15 15.1-20 20.1-over Lie Death Youthful Offender Not Reported* Total 15,731 100.0% 16,299 100.0% 17,363 100.0% Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. These figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. A new category of "NotReported"began in 1988. Source: GDC 17,625 100.0% 18,870 100.0% Table 63 INMATE SENTENCE IN YEARS BY AGE AND SEX, 1988 Sentence in Years Age Men Women 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total 0-1 210 1.1-2 93 2.1-3 168 3.1-4 121 4.1-5 264 5.1-6 176 6.1-7 85 7.1-8 52 8.1-9 84 9.1-10 14 10.1-12 213 12.1-15 53 15.1-20 94 20.1-over 97 Life 104 Death 2 Youthful Offender 8 Not Reported* 1 Grand % Total % Total 1,839 12,966 2,609 498 17,912 100% 64 728 139 Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 10070. Figures represent inmate counts taken in December of 1988. Sentence in years is indicated 1.1-2 meaning one year and one day to two years. * The category "Not Reported" began in 1988. Source: GDC 27 958 100% 18,870 100% Figure 28 INMATE SENTENCE LENGTHS, 1988 NUMBER SENTENCED 0-1 1.1-1 4.1- l ~ . l - , l . l - ~ l l O . l - l 10.1-0 LIFE Y.O. 11.1 - 1 0 10.1-OVER DEATH YEARS SENTENCED 'Y.O.' YOUTHFUL OFFENDER - llEH PERSONS SENTENCED Table 64 INMATE CRIME CATEGORIES BY AGE AND SEX, 1988 Crimes by Group Men Women GNnd 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % Total % Homicide Abortion W i l y Injury & Rel Off Arson & Rel Off Damage of Property Burglary and Rel Off Forgery and Re1 Off Theft Robbery Sexual Offenses Obscenity Crimes 0 Treason & Rel Off 0 Crimes Involving Govt 0 Falsifications 0 Obstruct Law Enforcement 0 Disorderly Conduct 2 Gambling & Rel Off 0 Crueltyto Children 4 Crimes with Guns 1 Invasion Privacy 0 Racketeering 0 Drug Abuse Offenses 125 Drug Trafficking 20 Auto Crimes 3 Revenue & Contraband 0 Crimes of Other States 0 M i . Felonies 3 Misdemeanors 18 Total Reported 1,838 12,961 2,605 498 17,902 99% 64 726 139 27 956 99% 18,858 99% Not Reported 1 5 4 0 10 0 2 0 0 2 12 Total 1,839 12,966 2,609 498 17,912 100% 64 728 139 27 958 100% 18,870 lWb Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not alwaystotal 100%.R g u re~present countstaken in December 1988. Source: GDC PROBATIONER PROFILE Except for 1984, probation data are available for each of the last four years. The trend clearly indicates an increase in probationers since 1985with a slight decrease shown in 1987 (See Table 65). Analysis of the most serious crimes committed by probationers indicates that the greatest number of probationers were involved in property crimes rather than violent crimes (See Table 67). As the number of probationers increased, the number of probationers on first offender status also increased. In 1988 more probationerswere on first offender status than at any other time (See Table 70). Table 65 - PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX, 1984 1988 White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female Not Reported - 41,660 44.2% 45,221 44.8% 45,197 45.0% 47,828 44.4% - 34,619 38.4% 39,860 39.5% 38,673 38.5% 41,066 38.2% - 7,117 7.9% 8,000 7.9% 8,354 8.3% 9,262 8.6% - 6,736 7.5% 7,766 7.7% 8,165 8.1% 9,453 8.8% - 0 0 0 1 0.0% Total - 90,132 100.0% 100,847 100.0% Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December. Data for 1984 is unavailable. Source: GDC 100,389 100.0% 107,610 100.0% Table 66 PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE, AGE AND SEX, 1988 Race and Sex White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female Total Reported Not Reported Total Age Men Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % Total % 6,658 5,048 0 0 32,001 28,305 0 0 8,735 7,401 0 0 11,706 60,306 16,136 434 47,828 53% 0 0 0 312 41,066 46% 0 0 0 0 0 0% 1,243 6,489 1,472 0 0 0% 991 7,020 1,396 746 88,894 99% 2,234 13,509 2,868 0 0 0% 47,828 44% 0 0 0% 41,066 38% 58 9,262 49% 9,262 8% 46 9,453 50% 9,453 8% 104 18,715 100% 107,609 99% 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 11,706 60,307 16,136 746 88,895 100% 2,234 13,509 2,868 104 18,715 100% 107,610 100% Note: Figures represent counts of probationers taken in Deceniber of 1988. Source: GDC Figure 29 PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX, 1988 NON W/F Q% \-/ W/F NON W/M 38% 8% Table 67 - PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE. 1984 1988 Violent Personal Non-violent Personal hope* Drugsales DrugP@oll Alcohol (except DUI) HabitualV i i o r / D U I Sex Offenders Other Total Reported - 90,132 100.0% 100,847 100.0% Not Reported - 0 0 Total - 90,132 100.096 100,847 100.096 Note: Due to rounding,pemntages do not always total 100%. Beginningin 1985,a newcrime type *Alcoholwwas added. New criw types "HabitualVidator/DUIWand *Sue Offenders"wen added in 1987. F i q r t f e n t countsof probationemWren ieDecember. h t a for 1984isunavailable. Table 68 Crime PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, AGE AND SEX, 1988 4s Men Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % Total % Vident Perronrt Non V i t Pemmal Rwope*- DnrgPonUa8b Ac&ol (noapt DUO Habitual V i t m l D U I Sex Offemkr Other Not Reported 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 11,706 60,307 16,136 746 88,895 100% 2,234 13,509 2,868 104 18,715 100% 107,610 100% Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December, 1988. Source: GDC 150 Figure 30 PROBATION POPULATION BY CRIME TYPE, 1988 NUMBER REPORTED Vlolent Non-vlolent Property Drug Sale8 Drue Aloohol HTV A DUl Sex Personal Personal Pos8esslon (exoept Dull Offender CRIME TYPE I I ON PROBATION Other Table 69 WbG-P PROBATION POPULATION BY CRIME CATEGORY, AGE AND SEX,1988 4F Men Age Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % Total % Homidde Injury & Rcl Off Anoa&RclOff DuartcofPropcrty WlrLLtyuM3 Rcl Off hrgcly .ndRcl Off Tbeh -ig k u d Offenses obscenity Criwo Trrwn&RclOff CrimeflnvdviagGovt p.loifiatioar Obrtnrt Law Eaforceme Dirordcrty Conduct Gambling& Rcl Off Crueltyto Chilhn CrimesWith Gum Imarionof Privscy -1tetCC~g Drug Abuse Of'fcll~es k g-T Auto Crimes Revenue & Contraband Crimes of Other States Mire, Felonier Mi%kmcanols Not Rcported 0 0 0 0 0 0% 0 0 0 0 0 0% 0% Note: Due to rounding,percentagesdo not alwaystotal 100%. F i rrpreKnt countstaken in December,1988. Source: GDC Table 70 - ACTIVE PROBATIONERS ON FIRST OFFENDER STATUS, 1984 1988 On 1st Off Status Not on 1st Off Status - l2,544 15.7% 13,382 15.4% 14,412 163% 15,897 17.0% - 67,385 84.3% 73,718 84.6% 74,058 83.7% 79,525 833% Total Reported Not Reported - 79,929 100.0% 87,100 100.0% - 10,203 13,747 TOTAL - 90,132 100,847 Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December. "Not Reported" indicates reports not received by GDC 88,470 100.0% 13,919 100389 95,422 100.0% a= 107,610 Being sentenced under the F i t OffenderAct does not oeccssarily imply that a probationer is a f m t time offender. Any violator may ask to be sentenced under the First OffenderAct as one of severaldiierent optionsopen to them. Occasionally,personswith one or more prior convictionswill be ~ n t e I I ~ uendder this act. These data should be vicwed as only an estimation of the number of fmt time violatorsof first offendur oa a c h pmb8tioa arcb.dr Sounx: GDC Table 71 F i t Offender FIRST OFFENDER BY AGE AND SEX, 1988, Age Men 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total & Women % 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total C)rmd % Total On 1st Offender Status 3,134 7,24)8 l a 2 Not on 1st Offender Status 7,394 46,234 12,879 Total Reported Not Reported 10,528 53,442 14,121 1,178 6,865 2,OlS Total 11,706 60,307 16,136 56 11,640 14% 770 2,902 563 610 67,117 85% 1,220 9,lSE 1,971 666 78,757 100% 1,990 12,060 u 3 4 80 10,138 244 1,449 334 746 888% w 1 3 9 9 2W 22 4,257 25% 15,897 59 12,408 74% 79,525 81. 16,665 10096 95,422 23 2,050 12,188 104 14715 107,610 Note: Due to rounding, pemntagts do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December, 1988. "Not Reported" indicates reports not received by GDC. Being sentenced under the F i t OffenderAct dots not necessarily imply that a probationer is a fixst time offender. Anyviolator may ask to be sentenced under the First OffenderAct as one of severaldifferentoptions open to them. Occasionally,persons with one or more prior convictionswill be sentenced under this act. These data should be vicwed asonly an estimation of the nuhber of first time violators of fust offenderson active probation caulode. Soum: GDC INTRODUCTION The executive clemency powers of the State of Georgia are vested exclusively in the State Board of Pardons and Paroles.TheBoard is composedoffivemembers appointed by the Governor for seven-year terms, subject to confirmation by the State Senate. Each year the Board elects one of its members to serve as Chairman. The Board was establishedin 1943with its authorityestablishedin theGeorgiaConstitution.Its existenceensuresthat the Executive Branch of government has a discretionary role in criminaljustice. Thusin Georgia'sjustice system, the Board provides some of the checks and balances deemed necessary by the framers of the Constitution. The Board is empowered to grant or deny clemency to inmates incarceratedforviolation of the state's criminallaws. It has Constitutional authority to grant paroles, pardons, and reprieves; to commute and remit sentences; and to restore civil and political rights. It has authority and staff to investigate cases and to supervise persons granted conditional clemency. Before the Board considers an inmate for parole, it conducts investigations.Detailed investigative reports become a part of the Board's case file, which is separate from files maintained by the Department of Corrections. Initially, a parole officer studies arrest and court records and may talk with arrestingofficers, court officials,victims, and witnessesto prepare a legal investigationreport on the details of an inmate's current offense and a summary of any prior offenses in the same county. Subsequently, a parole officer interviews the inmate and completesa personal history statement questionnaire.The inmate is asked, among other things, where he has resided, attended school, names and locations of family members, whom he has chosen as references, where he plans to live and work, and what his own account is of his crime. A social investigation is also conducted which includes interviews with persons mentioned in the personal history statement. Before any inmate is paroled, the Board reviews a Parole ReviewSummaryfromthe Department of Corrections.The summary provides data on the inmate's behavior, attitude, physical status, mental and emotionalcondition,participation in activities, and performance in work and training programs while incarcerated. At it's discretion, the Board may request detailed psychological andlor psychiatric opinions before considering a case. All information generated by parole officers and other officials, which become a matter of record within the Board of Pardons and Paroles, are used to prepare summaries of Board actions. Paroles are granted based on Parole Decision Guidelines that were established to assist the Board in making consistent and accurate assessments of the factors that will affect each prospective parolee's chances for success upon release. Excluded from guideline decisions are life sentences and sentences for armed robbery. The Board initiallyidentifies the crime severitylevel of the individual. The crime committed is ranked from Level I to W, with W being the most severe. Those ranked in the higher severitycategorieswillservelonger.Thenext areaof consideration is parole success factors. These include age at first commitment, prior convictio~(~jusvenile and adult), prior incarcerationsinceage 17,paroleorprobationfailure, use, possession, or attempt to obtain heroin or opiates, whether current offenses involved burglary or forgery, whether fully employed during six months prior to current offense, and other factors. From these weighted factors, along with the severity level, the Board calculates the individual's parole success likelihood score. This score, along with the crime severity level, is inserted into a guidelines chart which indicates the actual time the inmate s h o d serve. The Board reviews these data, and if approved, the inmate is advised of an expected release date. The inmate is released on this date provided the Board receives no seriousdisciplina~re~ports on the individual prior to the release date. If the length of time to be served, as determined by the Board, is greater than the actual sentence length, the inmate will serve the sentence issued by the court. In no casewill the Board add time to an inmate's sentence. As of November 1988 the Board employed 539 individuals with 211 of these employees engaged in actual investigation andlor super- vision of 10,101 parolees. During F d Year 1988, the Board released a total of l2,398stateinmates&omconfinement through its actions. Board of Pardons and Paroles Data The Board of Pardons and Paroles collects its own data, compiling it for internal function requirements, as wen as making it available to the criminal justice community as needed.It reflectsnot onlyworkload,but certainqualitative factors concerning the adivity of the Board. PROFILEOF PARDONS AND PAROLES Pardonandparole datawerecompiled ona fiscalyear basis at the end of June rather than at the end of December for 1984 through 1986. Beginning with 1987, the *es arc compiled on a calendar year basis. Table 72 provides all availablepardon and paroIe data from 1984to 1988. 1987 and 1988 are peak years for Parole Board activity. There were 11,02A parole releases in 1987 and 1l,353 in 1988,while there were 2,702 returns to prison in 1987and 58% in 1988. 1984and 1988are peak years for pardons, with l.29and 161 pardons issued respectively. Most of the data indicate considerable variance in the amount of activity during the fiw year period. One noticeabletrend is the increase in the number of commutationsto timesewed.A major factor isthe increasinginmatepopuh- tion forcingfewer denialsof parole andther e k ofmore prisoners. Table 72 - PROFILE OF PAROLE BOARD ACTIVITY, 1984 1988 Pudt cditiod Trader to Detainer YaatMd Offender Cbdtional Release . . Comm- t o T i Served RermsgoPrto- supervised Repaim andC b d t m d Commutation Othcr RcfeaseA c h x SpecialRelease TeCrlRdeasedbyBorrrd Revocation of Parole R a m a t bdYoolthfui Offender ConditionalRelease cractlrstioadSPpervisedReprieve c a d l a t hof R~D&VCand ConditionalCommutation Other Revocationb dCancellatioa SpecialRelease TeblRctarnrtoPrlsonbyBoard Parole Case Denied Dischatgc from Parole Youthful Offender Unconditional Release Restoration of Civil and Political Rights A) Upon Dkharge from Parde B) Upon Application Pardon Medical or (lmpasdonate Reprieve Commutation Redu- Sentence (without~inrcleaac) Dcatb Seetca# C o m m d o n Granted Dcsth Sentence Commutation Denied Vdar Intuvimim CentralOffice Inmate Intcdcw at Institution Prclimhaq Revacation Heering Ffnal~tionHcarinR otbu Board Actions ~ai~Credit TQt.lOtbtrActlons byBoard TotalInmPtesat End of ReportingPeriod Pprde Borud R e h Under Supervision at End of Reporting Period (Youth Offcndars) Tabl Parole Board Releasea Under Supervision Cases Reviewed Under Parole Guidelines Liftrs Caarsidmd for Parole LifersGranted Parole lifersGranted Pat& at First Consideration 5,885 200 443 8 7 1,478 8,021 1,190 37-1 17 1,578 6,144 249 28 13 3 - 769 7,206 1,m 160 11 2,091 7,611 265 2 17 7 0 1,312 0 9,214 5006 25 0 71 2 J02 7,652 238 0 5846 2 0 286 0 11,024 5649 2 51 0 2,702 6,968 243 0 3,901 2 0 239 0 11,353 2893 0 1 0 2 28% 19.111 18,054 18,860 17,940 19,479 15,514 534 793 6303 16,415 5,799 478 6,738 17,068 8,079 218 9,582 18,617 9,902 94 10,917 18,787 10,358 0 10,358 w by CompuFr! j q v k s Unit,S+te Board of Pardons and Paroles. ueannplka m Juned q p h b k yw for 1984through 1986.Data for 1967a d 1988are calendaryuu. V STATEMENTS FROM SENIOR OFFICIALS MICHAEL J. BOWERS Attorney General, State of Georgia Attorney General Bowers was educated at the U.S. MilitaryAcademy, StanfordUniversityand the University of Utah. After service in the Air Force, he attended the University of Georgia Law School. A member of the State Law Department since 1974,he became Georgia's fifty-firstAttorney General in 1981. Tern Maintaining an effectivecriminaljustice and sustaining the public's confidence in t must remain among the highest priorities of government. To do so requires a commitment of the public will and the public treasury:there can be no cheapjustice. Combating crime, particularly the drug plague, requires a commitment of resources to law enforcement. Swift and sure dispensationof justice requires a commitment of resources to the judiciary. Effective punishment requires a commitment of resources to the prison system. A serious desire to rehabilitate requires a commitment of resources to probation and parole services as well as to the prison system. The engine drivingthe criminaljustice system today is space in the prison system. Because we have not built adequatelyto meet incxeasing demands we are unable to confie as many as should be confined for as long as needed. Punishment, in reality, is based on how badly the space is needed for the next felon in the pipeline rather than on a judge's conscious decision of what punishment is appropriate for the offense committed. We must break that cyc'le of overcrowdingthe prisons, seekingshort term solutionsto reduce the inmate population, then ovedlliq the prisons again. We must commit the money to build adequate prison space, and we must do it for the long term. Appropriations for new prisons by the General Assembly in its 1989session are a significant step forward. THOMAS 0.MARSHALL Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Georgia Thomas 0.Marshall received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the United States Naval Academy and earned his law degree at the University of Georgia. He was appointed a member of the Supreme Court of Georgia in 1977and now serves as Chief Justice of that court. Thework of the SupremeCourt of Georgia is rcfleded accurately, I believe, in our annual taednyc&rimionfaclraipmpineaallscwaseerediasfpfoirsmitieodn-s-. Nine out of with no al- teration whatever. In 4% of appeals, the conviction was affirmed, with some modification to the sen- tence. In 5%, new trials were ordered upon rever- sals. In one case (out of a total of 146 appeals) the con- viction was vacated and the defendant discharged. This case involved the violation of a statute which had been repeated when the case was tried. The courts's actions on petitions to reviewjudgments of the Court of Appeals, and on habeas cor- pus applications, isreflected in the attached report. What these figures indicate is that thejudges and juries of Georgia are conducting criminal prosecutions with a high degree of competence, and in that, the whole community can take comfort. What isain a proper order is our system (or our non-system) of indigent defense. Year after year, the General Assembly has refused to provide any funding,castingthe burden upon counties, many of whom are sorely strapped for funds. The result of that is that the quality of justice is diminished, and that the finalvalidity of criminal convictionsare placed in doubt. An adequate system of indigent defense serves two goals., that no one should be convicted of a crime without the constitutional protection of the right of counsel; and that convictions, once returned, should not be upset because of a want of this constitutional guarantee. - SUPREMECOURTOF GEORGIA Criminal Case Dispositions January December, 1988 1.Cases filed bycriminal defendants,includingdirect appealsand granted petitions for certiorari and habeas corpus: (a) Convicted affirmed (includes dismissals) 146 (90%) (b) Conviction affirmed, sentence modified 6 (4%) (c) Conviction reversed, new trial ordered 8 (5%) (d) Conviction vacated and defendant discharged 1 (1%) 2. Petitionsfor certiorari to reviewjudgment of Court of Appeals, fded by criminal defendants: (a) Granted 11 (8%) (b) Denied or dismissed 122 (92%) 3. Applications for certificateof probable causeto review the denial of habeas corpus, filed by criminal defendants: (a) Granted 13 (8%) (b) Denied or dismissed 147 (92%) Please note: The foregoing reflects all dispositions relative to the review of final convictions in criminal cases. It does not include review of certain interlocutoly matters, JAMEs ROBERT (Robbie) HAMRICK Director, Georgia Bureau of Investigation Mr. Hamrick received his Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice from Georgia State University. He is a graduate of the FBI National Academy and a past president of the FBI Academy Associates. Mr. Hamrick has been actively employed in law enforcement since 1959, when he began his career with the Department of PublicSafety. He was a p pointed as SpecialAgent with the GeorgiaBureau of Investigation in 1%9. On September 4,1985 Mr. Hamrick was appointedby the Governor and the State Board of Public Safety as Director of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation SinceJanuary 1988, the GBI and its Crime Information Center (GCIC) have seen five years of planning and research pay off with the installation of the multi-million dollar Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). During the past year, great progress has been made toward realizing the fullcapabilitiesof this technologicallyadvanced crime-fighting tool. AFIS processing of incoming fingerprint cards has begun. The system is designed to process 1,600 cards and 1,000final dispositionreports per day. Whenever fewer than 1,600 cards are received, cards from GCIC's 1986backlogwillbe added to that day's processing work load The backlog should disappear, processed into the AFIS and Computerized Criminal History (CCH) data bases, in less than 24 months of fullAFIS operations. By late 1989, the NEC AFIS computers and GCIC's new Unisys mainframe computer will work together to process incoming cards and send new or updated rapsheets to computer terminals of the agencies that submitted the cards to GCIC. The system has been designed to send rapsheets eight hours after processing of cards begins at GCIC. Rapsheetsfor non-terminal agencieswillbe mailed out the next day. The GCIC master frngerprintfile now has more than a million criminal cards and all have been con- verted for AFE operations and loaded into the AFIS computers and onto optical disks. The Latent Cognizant File, the data base used in matching latent prints from crime scenes, has digitized print images from more than 360,000 of those of- fenderslikely to be involved in future criminalacts. Age and previous criminal record were the prin- cipal factorsin decidingwhich were selectedfor the Latent Cognizant File. When a latent print from a crime scene is submitted to the Bureau's Division of Forensic Sciences by local law enforcement, it willbe searched against the Latent Cognizant File. If no match or "hit" made, the latent print willbe stored and will be compared with eachof the incoming 1600cards processed each day by A m . Until February 15th 1989,all of the sixty matches of latent prints where no suspect identification data were availablebeforehandinvolved armed robbery or burglary cases. On that date, AFIS processing of a partial latent print found at a mutder scene in Cartersville, led to the identificationof the Bartow County man who was charged with the murder of Mrs. AUie Roper, Governor Harris' aunt. This first major case success for AFIS was based on solid professionalism demonstratedby a sheriff's department, a municipal police department, and all three GBI Divisions. AFIS is the most promising crime-fighting tool developed during the past quarter-century. With the addition of a few more Division of Forensic Sciences personnel to process latent prints for AFIS searches, law enforcement agencies throughout Georgia willbe able to take complete advantage of the new GBI servicesthat AFIS technology will provide, 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Duringthe year coveredby thisreport Georgia Law Enforcement Agencies were confronted with mmral major challenges and, through professiodism and teamwork, met them with great success.Thesejoint operationsoccupied a substantial portion of time and budget and were subjected to intense public scrutiny. InJanuarythe GeorgiaStatePatrol contriiuted 350Troopersto the security detail for the so-called "FreedomMarchers"in F o r e County.There, the combination of GBI agents, Department of Natural Resources Rangers, Forsyth County SherifPs Deputies aud Georgia State 'I insured that the p a was kept intact. But an ewcnb i i r challenge Q July. The first ever national nominating convention was com- ing to Atlanta and the Security problems were manifest. But once again, carefuz detailed planniug and meticulous execution prevailed. The security details for the Democratic National Convention re- quiredthe presence of 420 Troopersfor more than twoweeks in July. Other members of the Depart- ment ofpublic Safety also were committed to the Chmntim and when the last politician boarded a p h out of Atlanta the tally of man hours ex- finded by DPS totalled 72,657. The primary mission of the Georgia State Patrol was to provide securityfor the Georgia World Congress Center. The actual convention site was the Omni Colliseum, but since the Omni was only large enough to hold the general sessions, the GWCC, directly across InternationalBoulevard,was designatedto handle all other activities associated with COLONEL CURTIS D. EARP, JR Commissioner, Georgia Department of Public Safety A Distinguished Military Graduate of the ROTC Program at Florida State University, he was cornmissioned as a Regular Army Officer, Military Police, in August 1960.ColonelEarp is a graduate of the Infantry Oficer Basic Course; Airborne, Ranger, and Pathfinder Schools; the Military Police Office Familiarization Course; the Military Police Officer Advanced Course; and the US Army Command and General Staff College. His civilian education includesboth Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in criminology from Florida State University. Colonel Earp assumed duties as Commissioner and Commander, Georgia State Patrol on 3 October 1986. the convention-parties, caucuses, meetings and the working quarters for the 15,000members of the news media that gathered to cover the convention. The majority of the Trooper securityforcewas employed within and immediately around the GWCC, with an average of 113Troopersworking on three eight-hour shifts. AU shifts had a four- hour quick-alert standby shift at their motels, which provided GSP with a ready reaction force if needed. An additional 50 Troopers were brought to Atlanta and made a part of a riot control force under the control of the Atlanta Police Depart- ment. With ( urate con s from other state forces, an absolutelysolid securityblanket was thrown over the convention. Only a few scattered and insignificantincidents occurred around the periphery and Inothing disrupted the conventionitself. The perf01rmance w,asa remarkable testament to the professic~nalismolF Georgia Law Enforce- ment. During 1988GSP also met the challenge of drugs. By continuing our Aggressive Criminal Enforcement program, our Troopers are making traffic stops that ultimatelylead to confiscation of narcotic. and contraband cash. In 1988 GSP seized 336 kilos of cocaine, 491 kilos of marijuana, 11 kilos of crack cocaine, and $1,654,555 in contraband cash. In 1987nearly every statementfrom senior law enforcement officials in this publication carried some mention of the threat posed by the drug traffic. I have little doubt that most will also see drugs as the major problem that willface us in 1989.But looming on the horizon is another threat; one that all of us in Georgia need to be particularlycognizant of. What is this threat? Internationalterrorism. The unrest over the chain of succession in Iran does little to mitigate the threat that once was articulated by Hashemi Rafsanjani, speaker of the Iranian Parliament. Thiswas a call for Palestinians to commit terrorist acts against the United States, Great Britain and France. While Palestiniansloyal to Yasser Arafat publicly rejected Rafsanjani's call to murder, other terrorist organizationshave remained silent. Equally dangerous, however, is the probability that non-Palestinian groups, s u p ported directlyor indirectlyby Iran, Syria or Libya, will initiate a terrorist campaign against the United States that can result in murder, the destruction of property and widespread intimidation. The infrastructure of terrorism---recruits, funds, weapons, target intelligence, forged documents and safe houses--is already solidly in place in Western Europe and there is evidence that it also in the United States. Within US. borders, the U.S. intelligence community and law-enforcement authoritieshave long been aware of the existence of a loosely organized group of terrorists awaiting orders from Iran to move ahead. The March, 1989bombing in San Diego of the car belonging to the captain of the Vincemes, the U.S. warship responsible for downing the Iranian airliner in the Persian Gulf in the summer of 1988, was a bold move that illustratesthe viability ofth: terrorist threat. There is good reason for the bold- ness of thew sponsors of internationalterrorha In the past decade, more than 90 percent of all terrorist incidentsworldwidehavebeen at least partly successful. Thispermits the Irans, Syrias and Libyas of thisworld to wage a low-cost, low-risk form of warfare that is difficult to counter. Nor is the middle east terrorist all that we must be vigilant against. In 1988a New JerseyState Trooper made a routine traffic stop and discovered a Japanese terrorist, with materials for a bomb in his trunk, bound for Fort Dix, New Jersey. Just think about the array of tempting targets in Georgia. Start with HartsfieldInternationalAir- port, or the downtown area with its impressive number of consulates and foreign trade offices. Look at the military objectives--Dobb'i Air Force Base; Warner Robbibs Air ForceBase;Kings Bay Naval Base; and Forts Benning, Gordon and Stewart. The only way to deal with terrorism is to stop it before it happens. And tws why I say that this growing threat is one that must concern every law enforcement officer in Georgia. President, Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police Chief John Perry of Thomasvilleis currently serving as President of the Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police. A graduate of the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, he has been in law enforce ment for over 25years. Hisw e e r began with the Atlanta Police Department where he was employed in sworn positions until January 1975 when he was hired as Chief of Police, Thomasville, Georgia CriminalJustice in Georgiais like good goat cheese.At first, the smellis not too bad; in fact, it looks and smells pretty good. The more it stands, the more it smells. If left unattended, it gets down right offensive! Q i m i dJustia is a three-legged animal. We know it as Law Enforcement, Court and Corrections. When one part of that animal is not functioning properly, it effeds the other two parts proportionally. In the past, rising crime rates were attributed to poor performance by law enforcement. We just were not smart enough to handle the new require- - mentsb e i iplaced upon us by the Courts. We had to readjust by b e i imore informed, i.e. specialized training and formalized education. We did this all too well. Law enforcement now does such a goodjob of catchingand prosecuting,criminals, that we have backlogged the Courts and Corrections.Law enforcementin Georgia is too effective! The Court System in Georgia is in need of a more professional approach to managing their workload. It has worked well in the past due to the quality of our judges, but their workload has gotten to the point whereby they can not manage it alone anymore. The Statemust spend more money to as- sist our localjudges to manage their increased workload. We also need more judges and pra6ecutors. Our prosecutors do such goodwork, that our jails and prisons are continuouslyovercrowded. Corrections must now stand up and be heard! People are reluctant to put their hard earned taxes into prisonsnow b e i imandated by Federal Courts. Prisons that are better built and maintained than their own homes tend to turn folks off. Do we really need to warehouse all our prisoners? I think not. We most certainlyneed to punish them and keep them away from our law abiding citizens. This can be accomplished by the State (translated to mean our elected oficials) spending our money to protect us from the criminals that law enforcement catches, courts convict and corrections receives. I am not a Corrections trained person. I know very little about their internal needs or problems. I am a well informed, educated law enforcement person that recognizes, along with a host of others, that somethingmust be done now to keep criminals away from their victims long enough to exert some punishment upon them for their misdeeds! We can no longer turn criminals loosejust to make room for more. There must be a sincere move by our elected officials to address the problem of prison overcrowdiig. The answer is not turning them loose, but in finding workable alternatives. The only message beiig sent to our criminals and their friends now is "Crime Paysn.The time has now arrived for us to attend to our cheese! SHERIFF GREGORYT.COURSEY President,Georgia Sheriffs'Association Sheriff Gregory Coursey of Burke County is President of the Georgia Sheriffs' Association for 198889. He is a graduate of Waynesboro High School and attended both Valdosta State College and Augusta College. He is currently servingas chairman of the C.S.R.A. Law Enforcement Training Center Advisory Board, is a member of the National Sheriffs' Associationand is active in the Peace Oficers Association of Georgia. Working together is the key to solving the problems faced by all branches of law enfotcement. I think it is important that all law enforcement agencies cooperate. City, county, state and federal agencies are fighting the same battle, but in many instances, we don't join forces. Our number one problem today is drugs and it is dehnitelya war that one agency cannot win.It will take law enforcement as a whole to make any impact in stopping this crime that is ruining our society. It is my belief that not until we eradicate the illegal use of drugs will the immense pressure on our jails be substantially eased. Until we achieve a drug-free country' agencies involved in the criminaljustice system have the moral responsibility to help resolve the crises in our jails. Jail overcrowdingis a seriousproblem facing Georgia sheriffstoday. Georgia's countyjails are holding more than 14,000 inmates in facilities that were designed to hold less than 10,000.Approximately 4,000 of these inmates are sentenced and belong in state institutions. Our county jails are pre-trial detention facilities. They are not now nor have they ever been designed for long term care. The overcrowding of our countyjails is creating a tremendous hardship on the sheriffsin this state and the tax payers at the local level. It is costing local governments millions of dollars in room and board, medical and dental expenses to house state prisoners. Because of the serious overcrowding, sheriffs are also being bombarded with law suits. Every day we are concerned about injuries, hygiene, and riots oc- curring in our jails. We have already had several riots in localjails since the first of the year and, as overcrowding continues to inaease, the threat of riots causing damage, bodily injury and harm to prisoners in our custody and our own personnel becomes even more real. Today, the criminaljustice system is no longer effective. Because the state has run out of prison space, there are now roughly120,000individuals in Georgia on probation and about 11,000on parole. Inmates are spendingonly a fraction of their sentences in confinement, generally se* one montb of incarceration for each year of sentence. With offenders serving only a small portion of their sentences,behavior modiliation programs have become ineffective. Recent U. S. Justice Depart- ment studiesc o n f i i that large numbers ofin- mates who are released early simply return to their home communities and commit new offenses. Georgia's criminals who once feared incarceration, now only consider it a minor inconvenience. The state of Georgia must assume their responsibility of their state inmates and get this unfairburden off local government and local taxpayers. This is a tax burden that should be spread out over the entire state. The state of Georgia has the resources or at least the taxing authority through sales tax or income tax to generate the revenue to solve this problem. Next, we must begin incarcerating low-risk, repeat offenders in minimum security beds. More than half of the prison population are property, DUI, or other non-violent criminals who stay in prison for very short periods of time, typically only a few months. A minimum security facility can be built relatively inexpensivelyand can become operational in a short period of time. Fdy,we must restore confidence in our criminal justice system. Both the tax payer and offender alike need to know that the sentences handed down will be meaningful and that crime will be punished to the full extent. It is time for the people of the state of Georgia to call for an end to the tolerance of criminal behavior. We need to demand a stop to drugs in our community. We must put an end to violence. We must protect our children.If we all agree that these are goals worth pursuing, we must also agree that they are worth paying for, whether that be money to build morejail and prison space or becoming more supportive of law enforcement. ROBERT L DOSS, JR Director, Administrative OfIice of the Courts Mr. Doss received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Economics and a Master of Science degree in Criminal Justice and Urban Affairs from Georgia State University. He is also a Certified Graduate Fellow of the Institute for Court Management. He came to the Administrative Office of the Courts in July 1973, as Assistant Director and has served as Director since September 1975. Recent trends in caseload signify major achievements by Georgia's superior courts. In the ten-year period from 1978to 1987,superior court judges were able to reduce the average time required to dispose of a case by 50%. This accomplishment was made despite a 30% increase in the number of cases filed in these courts. During this period, there has been a marked reduction in the estimated average case processing time (the estimated t i e from filing to disposition of all types of cases) from 10.6 months to 5.4 months. The greatest decreaseoccurred from 1982through 1987, when case processing time fell from 10.7 months (a slight increase from 1978) to 5.4 months. Improvement in these figures has been especially significant when considered along with a 39% increase in total filings during this five-year period. Researchers at the Administrative Office of the Courts investigated a number of topics other than processing times for various types of cases in a 1988study, includingjudicial workload, open cases, and case backlog. The analysis also disclosed that the number of open cases decreased by 37% during the five-year period. Percentages of case backlog (criminal cases over four months old and civil cases older than six months) fell from 70% in 1982to 59% in 1987. Estimated time for processing domestic relations cases, which fell by almost 60%, decreased the most substantially of the three major types of cases handled in superior courts. Average times for processing felony, general civil, and domestic relations cases are now generallywithin the time guidelines proposed by national court management organizations. The decline in open caseload has been attribwed to the determination and special efforts of our su- perior court judges. The Chief Justice of the Geargia Supreme Court has commended them for taking the initiative in introducing techniques for more effective case management. Among the reasons cited for the decline in estimated case processing time are expandeduse of computersby courts, more productive procedures for court administration, effectivemethods of case managment, efficient calendaring techniques, and the positive benefit of the 21 additional superior court judgeships created by the General Assembly that became effective from 1982through 1987. The reality of increasing caseloads confronts our judges every day. In a single year, 1986-1987, felonies filed in superior courts rose by 12%. With no automatic increases in funding or staff, the courts must somehowdeal with significantgrowth in caseload over a short period. So far they have shown that they have been successful in case management and in reducing the number of open cases. DAVID C. EVANS, COMMISSIONER Georgia Department of Corrections Commissioner Evans was educated at Georgia State Universityand East T e ~ e s s eSetate University. He began his w e e r with the Stateof Georgia in 1%5 working in key positionswith the Georgia State Budget Bureau, Department of Human Resources. Mr. Evans has served as Commissioner for the Department of Correctionssince 1976. During the past year, as in preceding years, the Georgia Department of Corrections has been faced with an ever increasing number of offenders. We continue to operate our facilities over design capacity and at the same time the caseload of our Probation offenders continues to grow. And we are not alone, thisproblem of the increase in the num- -- ber of offendersimpactsthe entire criminaljustice community from the judge, to the county jails who are also operatingover capacity(and many under court order), to the state institutions, to the staff charged with supervisingthe offenders. To further complicatethe situation, changing social attitudes bring new groups into the corrections system. Persons convicted of driving under the influence now receive prison or community service sentences rather than suspended sentences or fines.The number of sex offendershas steadilyincreased as a result of changes in the public's awareness of rape and child abuse. And there is AIDS, a plague of medieval proportions with its frightening implications for society in general and prisons in particular. Discussionswith members of the criminaljustice community center around the problems of growth and crowding. How do we keep up with the pressure of sheer numbers of offenders flooding into our prisons and onto our probation caseloads? How do we provide quality corrections and help to protect the citizens of our state while at the same time recognizing that no budget can stretch to cover all of the competing priorities that face us? We continue to maintain that a balanced approach is the most effective response. We have pressed for increased bedspace while emphasizing a continuum of front end community alternatives. ~ e o r g i acontinuesto lead the nation in alternatives to incarceration. Home confinement, intensive supervision, special alternativeincarceration,diversion centers, and community services programs augment basic probation supervision. Several detention centers to house low security and alcohol related traffic offenders have come on line this year. Electronic surveillance monitoring technology is being piloted and may be yet another effective tool in our arsenal of alternatives. The support of the Governor and the General Assembly is vital to implement any of these programs. The Department of Correctionshas been fortunate to have their continued recognition of the problems created by the increased number of offenders. With their support and interest, and that of other members of the criminaljustice community, the immediate problems that we face can be solved. However, without sweeping changes in society as a whole, the long-range questions of crime and punishment that we face today will continue to trouble us as we move into the 21st Century. WAYNE SNOW,JR Chairman, State Board of Pardons and Paroles Mr. Snow received an A.B. degree from the University of Georgia in 1958 and earned his L.L.B. degree there in 1%0. He served 21years in the GeneralAssembly; for 11 years he was Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. Mr. Snow was appointed to a full seven-year term on the five-member Board of Pardons and Paroles by the Governor in 1983and elected Chairman in 1985. Every Governor of Georgia for the past 22 years has encouraged the State Board of Pardons and Paroles to start special releases to relieve prison and jail overcrowdiig. Each time the Board has responded positively and each time for the sake of reducing a dangerous and inhumane confinement situation, which could have become very expensive. Governor Joe Frank Harris on March 7,1989, asked the Parole Board to begin emergency releases. He had no choice. More than four thousand sentenced state inmateswere backed up in countyjails, and the state was faced with the threat of a federal court suit against the entire prison system. How long drawn out and expensive such lawsuits can be was shownby the Guthriesuit against Georgia State Prison during the last decade. Georgia cannot afford a repeat of that. This time the Governor specified the types of inmates he wanted considered. They are those serving for misdemeanor offenses, damage to property, habitual traffic violator, forgery, theft by taking, motor vehicle theft, burglary and revoked parole and probation when the reasons for revocation were low-level offenses or technical violations. Many of those being released under the Governor's Emergency Release Program had already been approved for parole during the last half of 1989or during 1990.The Board simply made a new decision to release them some months earlier than planned. To supervise these additional parolees, the Board received funds to employ 67 new parole officers plus other staff during the springof 1989and72 more parole officers and more support staff during Fiscal Year 1990. I am glad the Parole Board is not b e i irelied on alone to handle the overcrowdingproblem. Governor Harris called for fast-track construction and operating procedures to provide several thousand additional bedspaces within one year. As a member of the Governor's Commission on CriminalSanctionsand CorrectionalFacilities, I look forward to submitting certain important recommendations to the Governor before the end of 1989. Governor Harris has said he intends to include the Commission's sentencing-reform proposals in his legislativepackage for the 1990 General Assembly. This should provide our bekt hope for even-handed criminaljustice sodlong* term control of inmate-overpopulation. MINUARD C. (Mickey) McGUIRE Director, Governor's OMce of Highway Safety Mr. McGuire received his Bachelor of Arts Degree from Talladega College in Alabama and his Master of Science Degree in Urban and Regional Planning from Florida State University in Tallahassee. Mr. McGuirebegan hi w e e r with the State of Georgia in 1973and was appointedby the Governor as Director of the Governor's Officeof Highway Safetyin 1983. Jail and prison overcrowd'ing continuesto be a critical issue for Georgia's criminal justice community. Increasedsanctionsfor DUI offendersduring the early years of this decade resulted in the increased incarceration of alcohol related traffic offenders and habitual trafficviolators. These offendersr e p resent a si@cant portion of the jail and prison population, requiring the use of detention centers or other alternativesto incarceration for these and other low-securityoffenders. Recognition of the resources required to address the trafic related component of the offender population led to an explorationof ways to prevent potential offendersfrom entering the criminaljustice system. lbvo years ago, in this publication, I indicated researchhad been initiated to determinethe number of problem drinkers (or those whose drinking habits ex& the "social drinkerktegory) in Georgia's driving population, including whether a judicially sanctioned assessmentlintervention program for DUI first offenders impacts the DUI problem, and whether these programs could be supported by fees paid by the offender. ~'rloptrograms, dependent on the cooperation of local judges and law enforcement personnel, were initiated in different areas of the State, representing a mix of urban and rural locations. Results of the research indicated that 64%, or more than six of every ten DUI first offenderswere found to be "problem"rather than social drinkers; that marked reductions in drinking and driving be- havior were exhibited by the pilot program participants; and, after 24 months of the pilot project, eight different programs had achieved financial self sufficiency and were operating on offender fees alone. This research effort represents a new step in determining future policy decisions regarding DUI offenders. It is an example of the coordination exhibitedby members of the criminaljustice community to find solutionsto problems that affect all Georgia citizens. VI APPENDIX DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES In order to control for population differences, and thus make descriptions and comparisons between jurisdictions and over time more accurate and meaningful, Index crimes and arrests are often expressed as a rate, i.e., specifically, the number of crimes or arrests reported for each 100,000 people. Formula for calculating crime and arrest rates for a jurisdiction or group: Number of crimes (arrests) Total population of jurisdiction or group x 100,000 The necessity of controllingfor population differences can be seen in the following example. In 1983, Any Countyreported 95 murders, while Other County had 53. On the basis of this fact alone, a casual observer would probably conclude that murder is much more of a problem in Any Countythan Other County, there being twice as many. Such a conclusionwould not be accurate, however, because the populations of the two counties were not considered. Suppose that Any County has 150,000 people, yielding a murder rate per 100,000people of 63.3, while Other County's population is only 40,000, producing a murder rate per 100,000 people of 132.5. Clearly, other factors must be considered; however, the rate allows for general comparisons between jurisdictions. Another measure, the annual percent change in the number or rate of Index crimes or arrests, is a comparative statistic useful for identifying trends in yearly data. Formula for calculating percent change: Where: Xi = number, rate of crimes, arrests in previous year. X2 = number, rate of crimes, arrests in present year. POPULATION PROJECTIONS County and statewide population figures used in Georgia Criminal Justice Data are based on projections for 1990 population made by the Georgia Office of Planning and Budget (OPB). Population estimatesfor 1984-1988are based upon the 1990projection and the 1980U. S. Census figures. Formula for calculating population estimates: - + 1988Population = [(I990 Estimate 1980Census Population) x Y] 1980population Where: Y = 0.8 for 1988 (.7 for 1987etc.) The following population estimates were used for each county in 1988: COUNTY Applhl Atkboa Ikeoa Raker IWdrria flrnh Burow Butor ma Hill Bemien 8ibb Bkctly htlcr Broob Brlnn Bulb& Burte But@ Cllboun CIlnden chdkt Curdl CIQrltw Qthm Qttahoochce Qttogr Cbe* avLc ay CJVainch Cobb Wee Cdquitt Cdumbii Coot Coma Cmvtord Cdrp Ikde I)rm