Total tree weight tables for mockernut hickory and white ash in North Georgia / Alexander Clark, III, and W. Henry McNab

toe
53 GEORGIA FOREST RESEARCH PAPER

TOTAL TREE WEIGHT TABLES FOR MOCKERNUT HICKORY AND WHITE ASH IN NORTH GEORGIA

BY
ALEXANDER CLARK III AND W. HENRY McNAB

RESEARCH DIVISION

Received
MAUO 1988
DOCUMENTS \
UGA Varies

GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION

AUTHORS

Alexander Clark III is a Wood Scientist
with the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station at Athens, Georgia. He received a B.S. degree in Forestry and M.S. degree
in Wood Technology from West Virginia University. He is a member of the Utilization of Southern Timber Research Work
Unit.

W. Henry McNab is Silviculturist with the
Southeastern Forest Experiment Station at Athens, Georgia. He has a B.S. degree in Forest Management and M.S. in Silviculture, both from the University of
Florida. He is a member of the Utilization of Southern Timber Research Work unit, where he works mainly on problems
related to the effects of silvicultural practices on biomass yields and utilization of forest residues.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Georgia Forestry Commission for this research. A
special note of thanks is extended to District Rangers and Field Personnel on the Brasstown and Chestatee Ranger Districts of the Chattahoochee National Forest for their assistance in conducting this study.

TOTAL TREE WEIGHT TABLES FOR MOCKERNUT HICKORY AND WHITE ASH IN NORTH GEORGIA
BY
ALEXANDER CLARK III AND W. HENRY McNAB

INTRODUCTION

Poor quality hardwoods are now being
harvested for firewood or total-tree chipped for fuel while better quality trees produce saw logs and pulpwood. In either case, most of these products are bought and sold by weight. Tables for estimating the weight of hardwood trees and their

components are needed to assist in the equitable marketing of fuel chips, firewood, and conventional forest products.
This paper presents green wood and bark weights for commercial-size mock-
ernut hickory (Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt) and white" ash (Fraxinus americana

L.) growing in mixed hardwood stands in North Georgia. Tables show the weight of the total tree, saw-log merchantable stem, and stem to 4-inch top for trees 5 to 22 inches d.b.h.

WEIGHT TABLES

Figure 1. -Researchers weighing upper stemwood and branches on portable field
scales.

PROCEDURE
A total of 27 mockernut hickory trees
5 to 20 inches d.b.h. and 31 white ash trees 5 to 18 inches d.b.h. were sampled in the Chattahoochee National Forest in Union and Lumpkin Counties in North
Georgia. A stratified random sample of
two to seven trees per 2-inch d.b.h class was selected for each species from natural, uneven-aged, mixed hardwood stands. The mockernut hickory trees ranged from 26 to 160 years old and averaged 95 years. The white ash trees ranged from 35 to 180 years old and averaged 66 years. For sawtimber-size trees (11.0 inches d.b.h. and larger) mockernut hickory had an average form class of 80 and white ash averaged 77. Means and ranges in dimensions of sample trees are shown in Table 1
for each species. Trees were felled and limbed during
the winter, and the main stem of each sawtimber tree was bucked into merchantable saw logs 8 to 16 feet long to a 9-inch d.o.b. top, or where a Forest Service grade 3 log stopped. Stem d.o.b. at the saw-log top averaged 11.4 inches in the mockernut hickories and 11.2 inches in the white ash (Table 1). All material between the saw-log merchantable top and the 4-inch d.o.b. top was classified as stem pulpwood. In pulpwood-size trees (5.0 to 10.9 inches d.b.h.), the main

stem was bucked at a 4-inch d.o.b. top. The stem material above the 4-inch top and all branches was considered crown. The crowns of the sample trees were cut up in two categories: (1) branches 4inches d.o.b. and larger and (2) branches less than 4-inches d.o.b., and weighed. Upper stem and crown material were weighed by hand to the nearest pound using portable scales (Figure 1). Saw logs were skidded to a landing and weighed individually on an electronic scale (Figure
2).

A series of equations were developed
based on the sample tree weights to predict weights of total trees and their components. Because tree heights are measured to different top limits by various organizations, equations were developed by using d.b.h. and height to 4-inch top and d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height. The equations were used to develop tables of total tree and component weights in pounds. Tables 2-4 show pre-
dicted green weights of wood and bark
in the total tree above stump, saw-log merchantable stem, and stem to 4-inch d.o.b. top by d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height classes. Tables 5-7 show total tree and tree component weights by
d.b.h. and height to 4-inch top. Crown
weight excluding foliage can be estimated by subtracting predicted stem weight to 4-inch top from predicted total tree weight.
All tables are good predictors of tree weights, but tables based on d.b.h. and height to 4-inch top are the best predictors of total tree and stem to a 4-inch top weight. Tables based on d.b.h. and sawlog merchantable height are the best estimators of saw-log merchantable stem.
Similar-size trees may vary in weight because of differences in crown size and
stem taper. Therefore, the weight tables presented should be applied to trees growing in fully stocked, natural stands and not to open-grown trees.

Figure 2. --Hardwood saw logs being weighed on portable electronic scale.

60

O ea-

O)

rn O 60

1

4-1

a

&

ct)

CO CU

c2

CO

CO rH

,0

4-i co

co 4-i

C

CU

c

60

X> ,fl

CO

O M

o u CU

q CU

>

e <!

<r rH CO <t

ro

r-











CN CM <r co

<r

On rH rH rH r-i

rH

O O rH

00

u~l

rH

ON

m <r co

o

O ON

rH CM CO

o rH ^O

ON

ON

rH CM CO CO

CO

rH rH rH rH

rH

O m r- CO

O

ON CN

ON

co

CM

CO

Mr-.

drH|

cu

rH

60

O 1 c

S 4-1

CO

Ct)

Pi

H co cu
O .O

4-J cO

O)

4-1

60

X C 4-1 rt

CO
U

60 ,d CU

H CJ
CU Vj

<>

B CJ

s

,13

o

CU

fi

60

H

C

1 O.

CO

<t o (2

4-1
o

4-1



rQ

CU

4-1



60

jr o

CO

60 U

H T3

CU

CU
a

<>

4-1

MCU

M,fl

c
CO

H &

CU

4=

CU

CD

60

4J

CO

HO

u
CU

<>

o 00

ON nO

co CO LO

OmN

o r.

NO o>

m rH CO St

rH

n co

co

m CO

r-

CO

00

r>.

CN

CO

m 00

00 co CM

m n CM co <r

CO <r

CM o- in co no

rH

rH

CO in nO

00 ON 00

ON

o n o CO m m CM CO in

NO 00 NO

NO

CO

O
CN

o CO co

co

m CN CO

in

rCO

CM NO

o oCO

NO

CO

oco

<t NO NO 00

00

m m rH NO in CM

m rH CO

in

NO CO

in rH

o o n r CO no o CM <f in

no

r-.

nO r> 00 00

CN NO

m o CO co
co co

r~ oo CO

nmD

o mo o o >* rH

in 00 CM

00 co

0o0

m o <r <r <t

ON r^

ON

oPi Wu

vO
1
00 <r

CO
l
0m0

00
ol
r

CO
1
CM
r>.

ON
1
r->
r-

rH
1
CM On

rH
1
r* on

rH
oo1

r-i

r- ^o co oo on

1
00 <r

re co
<C

i
<r <t

i
cm in

i
^\D

i
r.
i~-

i
co
r~-

mI
CO

ON

I
<t

m O O NO r>. 00 co NO r- rH CM tfj r- CO CO ON

co 00

m o O ON <r rH r- in rH

vO

r-. CO CO

rr.

CU
60
c
CO
Pi CO
rC

Q

MCU

CO

S-i

CU
>
<

00

On CO on 00


no

LO

CO

O^

rH rH

<f rH

VD rH

CO

On

on

^ o <t r- O O

LO

CO NO

m

O H 00

r* ON <r vO CO

m

O 3 r-

<-^ co ^o l*> ON

CN

CN ON
O ON CN NO CO

NO NO

NO

NO CO

CO

o o O o rH r rH

o

m m r- ON rH CO

CO

in

o o ON NO

CO CM -3"

CO

NO r~ ON CM CO NO C0

o

HCU A ex V
6 1) ti u co u

ro

CN

r-

NO

oo co in co cn

CN

co

CO

CU

en

CO



01

jz en ,3

NO 00

o NO 00

CO cO

o vo oo

CO

a CO

CN

rH

X> CO c

Q rH H J v-'

-- Table 2. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the total tree above stump
for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height--

D.b.h.

Me rchantable height

2/ (logs)

(inches)

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

HICKORY- /

11

1845

2023

2160

2273

2370

12

2200

2411

2575

2710

2825

13

2586

2835

302 7

3185

3321

3441

14

3004

3293

3516

3700

3858

399 7

15

3454

3785

4042

4254

4435

4595

4738

16

4313

4605

4846

5053

5235

5398

17

4875

5205

5478

5712

5917

6102

6270

18

5472

5842

6148

6411

6642

6849

7037

19

6103

6517

6858

7151

7409

7640

7850

8043

20

6770

7228

7607

7932

8218

8474

8707

8921

21

7471

7977

8395

8754

9069

9352

9609

9845

22

8208

8764

9223

9616

9963 10274 10556 10816

ASH-4/

11

1272

1443

1579

1694

1795

12

1460

1656

1813

1945

2060

13

1657

1880

2058

2208

2339

2456

2562

2660

2750

14

1864

2115

2315

2483

2631

2762

2881

2991

3093

15

2079

2359

2582

2770

2934

3081

3214

3337

3450

16

2303

2613

2860

3069

3251

3413

3561

3696

3822

17

2877

3149

3378

3578

3757

3920

4069

4208

18

3149

3447

3698

3918

4114

4292

4455

4607

19

3431

3756

4029

4268

4482

4676

4854

5019

20

3722

4074

4371

4630

4861

5072

5265

5444

21

4021

4401

4722

5002

5252

5479

5688

5881

22

4329

4738

5083

5385

5654

5899

6123

6332

-- Blocked- in area indicates range of data --2/ Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance
&Y - 7.54384(D2) 1 - 01035 (Mh)- 23191
^Y=11.53722(D2)- 79252 (Mh) - 31958

-- Table 3. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the saw-log merchantable
stem for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height--

D.b.h.

Merchantable height (logs)--2/

(inches)

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

PoundsHICKORY- /

11

601

850

1089

1320

1546

12

702

993

1272

1543

1807

13

811

1147

1469

1782

2087

2 385

14

926

1310

1678

2035

2383

2725

15

1048

1482

1899

2303

2697

3084

3463

16

1664

2132

2586

3029

3462

3889

17

1856

2377

2883

3377

3860

4335

18

2056

2634

3195

3741

4277

4804

19

2266

2902

3520

4123

4713

5293

|

20

2484

3182

3859

4520

5167

5803

21

2711

3473

4213

4934

5640

6334

22

2947

3776

4579

5363

6131

6886

ash*'

11

453

642

823

998

1170

12

526

744

954

1158

1357

13

603

853

1094

1327

1555

1778

1997

14

684

968

1241

1506

1764

2017

2266

15

769

1089

1396

1693

1984

2269

2549

16

859

1215

1558

1890

2214

2532

2845

17

1347

1727

2096

2455

2808

3154

18

1485

1904

2310

2 706

-3Q95

3477

19

1629

2088

2533

2968

3394'

3812

20

1777

2278

2764

3239

3703

4160

21

1931

2476

3004

3519

4024

4521

22

2090

2680

3251

3809

4356

4894

T7
Blocked-in area indicates range of data

--2/ Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance

8/ Y

=

0.68 5 66(D2)

- 89721
(Ml )

85m

4/t - 0.63993(D2)-

am)

- 87644 - 87850

4.5
4803 5322 5864 6430 7018 7629
2213 2511 2824 3153 3496 3853 4225 4611 5010 5423

5.0
6428 7048 7692 8362
2427 2753 3096 3456 3832 4224 4632 5055 5493 5946

-- Table 4. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the stem to a 4-inch d.b.b.
top for mockernut hh:ickory and white ash by d.b.h. and saw- log
1/
merchantable heiehtJ

D.b.h. (inches)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1.0
1292 1496 1712 1940 2178
862 1002 1150 1307 1472 1646

1.5
1542 1785 2042 2314 2599 2897 3208 3532 3869 4218 4579 4952
1039 1208 1387 1576 1775 1984 2203 2432 2670 2917 3173 3438

Me.rchantable height (logs) 2/

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1749 2025 2317 2624 2948 3286 3639 4007 4388 4784 5194 5617
1188 1381 1585 1801 2029 2268 2519 2780 3052 3334 3627 3930

-Pounds]HICKORY- /

1929 2233 2556 2895 3252 3625 4014 4420 4841 5278 5729 6196

2091 2420 2770 3138 3524 3928 4351 4790 5246 5720 6209 6715
ASH-4'/

2965 3359 3772 4205 4657 5127 5616 6123 6647 7188

1318 1532 1759 1999 2252 2517 2795 3085 3387 3700 4025 4362

1436 1668 1916 2177 2452 2741 3044 3359 3688 4029 4383 4750

2059 2340 2636 2947 3272 3611 3964 4331 4712 5106

4002 4461 4940 5439 5958 6495 7051 7625
2192 2491 2807 3137 3483 3845 4221 4611 5016 5436

-- Blocked-in area indicates range of data

--2/Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance

^Y 84171

= 6.48403(D2)-

(Mh)

- 44596

/y

=

86305

3.61719(D2)-

(Mh)

- 47302

4.5
5205 5731 6277 6843 7429 8034
2317 2633 2966 3316 3681 4063 4461 4874 5302 5745

5.0
6577 7170 7784 8418
2435 2767 3117 3484 3868 4269 4687 5121 5571 6037

-- Table 5. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the total tree above stump
for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.o.b. top--

D.b.h. (inches)
5 6
7
8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

ZQ

30

167 242 233 338 309 448 395 573
710 861

186 252 245 332 309 420 378 514
614 721

Height to 4-inch top (feet)2--/

40

50

60

70

80

315 440 583 745 924 1121 1335 1565 1812 2075 2355 2650 2961 3288 3630 3987 4359 4747
314 413 522 639 764 896 1035 1181 1333 1492 1656 1826 2001 2182 2369 2560 2756 2958

-Pounds- HICKORY-3/

387 540 716 914 1134 1375 1637 1920 2223 2546 2888 3250 3632 4032 4452 4890 5347 5822

846 1080 1340 1625 19 34 2268 2626 3008 3413 3841 4291 4765 5260 5778 6318 6880

974 1243 1543 1871 2227 2612 3024 3464 3930 4423 4942 5487 6058 6654 7275 7922

ASH*'

371 489 618 757 905 1061 1226 1398 1579 1766 1961 2162 2370 2584 2805 3031 3264 3502

710 869 1038 1218 1407 1605 1812 2028 2251 2482 2721 2967 3220 3480 3747 4020

798 976 1167 1369 1581 1804 2037 2279 25 30 2 789 3058 3334 3619 3911 4211 4518

1743 2114 2517 2952 3417 3914 4441 4998 5584 6200 6845 7519 8221 8952
1291 1515 1750 1996 2253 2521 2799 3086 3383 3689 4004 4327 4659 4999

1/ Blocked-in area indicates range of data

2/
Includes

0.5-foot

stump

allowance

-'Y = 0.56588(D 2 H4) -91527

^Y 75724 = 1.67770( D 2h4)-

90

100

2803 3288 3806 4359 4946 5566 6220 6906 7624 8375 9157 9971

4192 4801 5447 6130 6849 7605 8396 9223 10084 10981

1412 1656 1913 2182 2464 2756 3060 3374 3699 4033 4377 4731 5094 5465

2072 2364 2668 2985 3314 3654 4006 4368 4741 5124 5517 5919

-- Table 6. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the saw-log merchantable
stem for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and height to 4-inch d.o.b. top--

D.b.h. (inches)
40

Height

to

4-inch

top

2/ (feet)-

50

60

70

80

90

- - Pounds HICKORY 2/

11

553

715

882

1053

1228

1406

12

675

873

1077

1286

1500

1718

13

812

1050

1295

1547

1804

2066

14

963

1245

1536

1835

2139

2450

15

1129

1460

1801

2150

2508

2872

16

1310

1694

2089

2495

2910

3332

17

1506

1947

2402

2869

3345

3831

18

1718

2221

2740

3272

3816

4370

19

1946

2516

3103

3706

4322

4950

20

2190

2831

3492

4171

4864

5570

21

2450

3168

3908

4667

5442

6232

22

2727

3526

4350

5194

6057

6937

ASH*'

11

440

556

674

792

911

1030

12

528

668

808

950

1093

1237

13

625

790

956

1124

1293

1463

14

730

923

1117

1313

1510

1708

15

844

1066

1291

1517

1745

1974

16

966

1221

1478

1737

1998

2260

17

1097

1386

1678

1972

2269

2567

18

1237

1562

1892

2223

2557

2893

19

1385

1750

2119

2490

2864

3241

20

1542

1949

2359

2773

3190

3609

21

1708

2159

2613

3072

3533

3997

22

1883

2380

2881

3386

3895

4407

1/ Blocked-in area indicates range of data

2/ Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance

-'y = 0.03164(D 2 H4) 1 ' 15129

'y

=

1 ' 04832 0.06038(d2h4)

100
2332 2766 3242 3762 4325 4934 5588 6288 7036 7832
1381 1633 1908 2205 2524 2866 3231 3619 4030 4464 4922

10

-- Table 7. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the stem to a 4-inch d.o.b.
top for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.o.b. top-

Height

to

4-inch

top

2/ (feet)

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-PoundsHICKORY-3/

5

116 170

223

275

6

163 240

315

388

7

219 321

421

520

618

715

8

281 413

542

669

795

920

9

516

677

836

993

1149

1304

10

630

826

1020

1212

1402

1591

11

989

1222

1452

1679

1905

12

1166

1440

1711

1980

2246

13

1357

1676

1991

2303

2613

14

1561

1928

2290

2649

3006

15

1778

2196

2609

3018

3424

16

2009

2481

2948

3410

3869

17

2253

2782

3306

3824

4339

no
-L<J

2510

3100

3683

4260

4834

19

2781

3433

4079

4719

5354

20

3064

3783

4494

5199

5899

21

3360

4149

4929

5702

6469

22

3668

4530

5382

6226

7064

ASH*'

5

117 164

208

251

6

158 222

282

340

7

204 287

365

440

512

582

8

256 359

456

550

640

728

9

437

555

669

779

886

991

10

521

662

79S

929

1057

1181

11

776

936

1089

1239

1385

12

898

1082

1260

1433

1602

13

1026

1237

1440

1638

1831

14

1162

1400

1630

1854

2073

15

1304

1571

1829

2081

2326

16

1452

1750

2038

2318

2591

17

1607

1936

2255

2565

2867

18

1768

2130

2481

2822

3155

19

1935

2332

2715

3088

3453

20

2108

2540

2958

3365

3762

21

2287

2756

3209

3651

4081

22

2472

2979

3469

3946

4411

1/ Blocked-in area indicates range of data
--2/ Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance
-'y = 0.32540 (D 2 H4)* 94522
-f Y = 0.64813 (D 2H4) - 83543

90

100

2130 2510 2920 3360 3828 4324 4849 5403 5984 6594 7231 7895

3226 3711 4229 4777 5357 5969 6611 7284 7988 8722

1093 1304 1529 1768 2021 2287 2567 2859 3164 3481 3810 4151 4503 4867

1669 1931 2207 2498 2803 3122 3455 3801 4160 4533 4918 5315

11

GEORGIA
FORESTRY
A. Ray Shirley, Director
John W. Mixon, Chief of Forest Research