toe 53 GEORGIA FOREST RESEARCH PAPER TOTAL TREE WEIGHT TABLES FOR MOCKERNUT HICKORY AND WHITE ASH IN NORTH GEORGIA BY ALEXANDER CLARK III AND W. HENRY McNAB RESEARCH DIVISION Received MAUO 1988 DOCUMENTS \ UGA Varies GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION AUTHORS Alexander Clark III is a Wood Scientist with the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station at Athens, Georgia. He received a B.S. degree in Forestry and M.S. degree in Wood Technology from West Virginia University. He is a member of the Utilization of Southern Timber Research Work Unit. W. Henry McNab is Silviculturist with the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station at Athens, Georgia. He has a B.S. degree in Forest Management and M.S. in Silviculture, both from the University of Florida. He is a member of the Utilization of Southern Timber Research Work unit, where he works mainly on problems related to the effects of silvicultural practices on biomass yields and utilization of forest residues. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Georgia Forestry Commission for this research. A special note of thanks is extended to District Rangers and Field Personnel on the Brasstown and Chestatee Ranger Districts of the Chattahoochee National Forest for their assistance in conducting this study. TOTAL TREE WEIGHT TABLES FOR MOCKERNUT HICKORY AND WHITE ASH IN NORTH GEORGIA BY ALEXANDER CLARK III AND W. HENRY McNAB INTRODUCTION Poor quality hardwoods are now being harvested for firewood or total-tree chipped for fuel while better quality trees produce saw logs and pulpwood. In either case, most of these products are bought and sold by weight. Tables for estimating the weight of hardwood trees and their components are needed to assist in the equitable marketing of fuel chips, firewood, and conventional forest products. This paper presents green wood and bark weights for commercial-size mock- ernut hickory (Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt) and white" ash (Fraxinus americana L.) growing in mixed hardwood stands in North Georgia. Tables show the weight of the total tree, saw-log merchantable stem, and stem to 4-inch top for trees 5 to 22 inches d.b.h. WEIGHT TABLES Figure 1. -Researchers weighing upper stemwood and branches on portable field scales. PROCEDURE A total of 27 mockernut hickory trees 5 to 20 inches d.b.h. and 31 white ash trees 5 to 18 inches d.b.h. were sampled in the Chattahoochee National Forest in Union and Lumpkin Counties in North Georgia. A stratified random sample of two to seven trees per 2-inch d.b.h class was selected for each species from natural, uneven-aged, mixed hardwood stands. The mockernut hickory trees ranged from 26 to 160 years old and averaged 95 years. The white ash trees ranged from 35 to 180 years old and averaged 66 years. For sawtimber-size trees (11.0 inches d.b.h. and larger) mockernut hickory had an average form class of 80 and white ash averaged 77. Means and ranges in dimensions of sample trees are shown in Table 1 for each species. Trees were felled and limbed during the winter, and the main stem of each sawtimber tree was bucked into merchantable saw logs 8 to 16 feet long to a 9-inch d.o.b. top, or where a Forest Service grade 3 log stopped. Stem d.o.b. at the saw-log top averaged 11.4 inches in the mockernut hickories and 11.2 inches in the white ash (Table 1). All material between the saw-log merchantable top and the 4-inch d.o.b. top was classified as stem pulpwood. In pulpwood-size trees (5.0 to 10.9 inches d.b.h.), the main stem was bucked at a 4-inch d.o.b. top. The stem material above the 4-inch top and all branches was considered crown. The crowns of the sample trees were cut up in two categories: (1) branches 4inches d.o.b. and larger and (2) branches less than 4-inches d.o.b., and weighed. Upper stem and crown material were weighed by hand to the nearest pound using portable scales (Figure 1). Saw logs were skidded to a landing and weighed individually on an electronic scale (Figure 2). A series of equations were developed based on the sample tree weights to predict weights of total trees and their components. Because tree heights are measured to different top limits by various organizations, equations were developed by using d.b.h. and height to 4-inch top and d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height. The equations were used to develop tables of total tree and component weights in pounds. Tables 2-4 show pre- dicted green weights of wood and bark in the total tree above stump, saw-log merchantable stem, and stem to 4-inch d.o.b. top by d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height classes. Tables 5-7 show total tree and tree component weights by d.b.h. and height to 4-inch top. Crown weight excluding foliage can be estimated by subtracting predicted stem weight to 4-inch top from predicted total tree weight. All tables are good predictors of tree weights, but tables based on d.b.h. and height to 4-inch top are the best predictors of total tree and stem to a 4-inch top weight. Tables based on d.b.h. and sawlog merchantable height are the best estimators of saw-log merchantable stem. Similar-size trees may vary in weight because of differences in crown size and stem taper. Therefore, the weight tables presented should be applied to trees growing in fully stocked, natural stands and not to open-grown trees. Figure 2. --Hardwood saw logs being weighed on portable electronic scale. 60 O ea- O) rn O 60 1 4-1 a & ct) CO CU c2 CO CO rH ,0 4-i co co 4-i C CU c 60 X> ,fl CO O M o u CU q CU > e B CJ s ,13 o CU fi 60 H C 1 O. CO 4-1 MCU M,fl c CO H & CU 4= CU CD 60 4J CO HO u CU <> o 00 ON nO co CO LO OmN o r. NO o> m rH CO St rH n co co m CO r- CO 00 r>. CN CO m 00 00 co CM m n CM co 00 00 CN NO m o CO co co co r~ oo CO nmD o mo o o >* rH in 00 CM 00 co 0o0 m o . ON 1 r-> r- rH 1 CM On rH 1 r* on rH oo1 r-i r- ^o co oo on 1 00 . 00 co NO r- rH CM tfj r- CO CO ON co 00 m o O ON < 00 On CO on 00 no LO CO O^ rH rH ON CN CN ON O ON CN NO CO NO NO NO NO CO CO o o O o rH r rH o m m r- ON rH CO CO in o o ON NO CO CM -3" CO NO r~ ON CM CO NO C0 o HCU A ex V 6 1) ti u co u ro CN r- NO oo co in co cn CN co CO CU en CO 01 jz en ,3 NO 00 o NO 00 CO cO o vo oo CO a CO CN rH X> CO c Q rH H J v-' -- Table 2. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the total tree above stump for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height-- D.b.h. Me rchantable height 2/ (logs) (inches) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 HICKORY- / 11 1845 2023 2160 2273 2370 12 2200 2411 2575 2710 2825 13 2586 2835 302 7 3185 3321 3441 14 3004 3293 3516 3700 3858 399 7 15 3454 3785 4042 4254 4435 4595 4738 16 4313 4605 4846 5053 5235 5398 17 4875 5205 5478 5712 5917 6102 6270 18 5472 5842 6148 6411 6642 6849 7037 19 6103 6517 6858 7151 7409 7640 7850 8043 20 6770 7228 7607 7932 8218 8474 8707 8921 21 7471 7977 8395 8754 9069 9352 9609 9845 22 8208 8764 9223 9616 9963 10274 10556 10816 ASH-4/ 11 1272 1443 1579 1694 1795 12 1460 1656 1813 1945 2060 13 1657 1880 2058 2208 2339 2456 2562 2660 2750 14 1864 2115 2315 2483 2631 2762 2881 2991 3093 15 2079 2359 2582 2770 2934 3081 3214 3337 3450 16 2303 2613 2860 3069 3251 3413 3561 3696 3822 17 2877 3149 3378 3578 3757 3920 4069 4208 18 3149 3447 3698 3918 4114 4292 4455 4607 19 3431 3756 4029 4268 4482 4676 4854 5019 20 3722 4074 4371 4630 4861 5072 5265 5444 21 4021 4401 4722 5002 5252 5479 5688 5881 22 4329 4738 5083 5385 5654 5899 6123 6332 -- Blocked- in area indicates range of data --2/ Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance &Y - 7.54384(D2) 1 - 01035 (Mh)- 23191 ^Y=11.53722(D2)- 79252 (Mh) - 31958 -- Table 3. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the saw-log merchantable stem for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height-- D.b.h. Merchantable height (logs)--2/ (inches) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 PoundsHICKORY- / 11 601 850 1089 1320 1546 12 702 993 1272 1543 1807 13 811 1147 1469 1782 2087 2 385 14 926 1310 1678 2035 2383 2725 15 1048 1482 1899 2303 2697 3084 3463 16 1664 2132 2586 3029 3462 3889 17 1856 2377 2883 3377 3860 4335 18 2056 2634 3195 3741 4277 4804 19 2266 2902 3520 4123 4713 5293 | 20 2484 3182 3859 4520 5167 5803 21 2711 3473 4213 4934 5640 6334 22 2947 3776 4579 5363 6131 6886 ash*' 11 453 642 823 998 1170 12 526 744 954 1158 1357 13 603 853 1094 1327 1555 1778 1997 14 684 968 1241 1506 1764 2017 2266 15 769 1089 1396 1693 1984 2269 2549 16 859 1215 1558 1890 2214 2532 2845 17 1347 1727 2096 2455 2808 3154 18 1485 1904 2310 2 706 -3Q95 3477 19 1629 2088 2533 2968 3394' 3812 20 1777 2278 2764 3239 3703 4160 21 1931 2476 3004 3519 4024 4521 22 2090 2680 3251 3809 4356 4894 T7 Blocked-in area indicates range of data --2/ Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance 8/ Y = 0.68 5 66(D2) - 89721 (Ml ) 85m 4/t - 0.63993(D2)- am) - 87644 - 87850 4.5 4803 5322 5864 6430 7018 7629 2213 2511 2824 3153 3496 3853 4225 4611 5010 5423 5.0 6428 7048 7692 8362 2427 2753 3096 3456 3832 4224 4632 5055 5493 5946 -- Table 4. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the stem to a 4-inch d.b.b. top for mockernut hh:ickory and white ash by d.b.h. and saw- log 1/ merchantable heiehtJ D.b.h. (inches) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1.0 1292 1496 1712 1940 2178 862 1002 1150 1307 1472 1646 1.5 1542 1785 2042 2314 2599 2897 3208 3532 3869 4218 4579 4952 1039 1208 1387 1576 1775 1984 2203 2432 2670 2917 3173 3438 Me.rchantable height (logs) 2/ 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 1749 2025 2317 2624 2948 3286 3639 4007 4388 4784 5194 5617 1188 1381 1585 1801 2029 2268 2519 2780 3052 3334 3627 3930 -Pounds]HICKORY- / 1929 2233 2556 2895 3252 3625 4014 4420 4841 5278 5729 6196 2091 2420 2770 3138 3524 3928 4351 4790 5246 5720 6209 6715 ASH-4'/ 2965 3359 3772 4205 4657 5127 5616 6123 6647 7188 1318 1532 1759 1999 2252 2517 2795 3085 3387 3700 4025 4362 1436 1668 1916 2177 2452 2741 3044 3359 3688 4029 4383 4750 2059 2340 2636 2947 3272 3611 3964 4331 4712 5106 4002 4461 4940 5439 5958 6495 7051 7625 2192 2491 2807 3137 3483 3845 4221 4611 5016 5436 -- Blocked-in area indicates range of data --2/Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance ^Y 84171 = 6.48403(D2)- (Mh) - 44596 /y = 86305 3.61719(D2)- (Mh) - 47302 4.5 5205 5731 6277 6843 7429 8034 2317 2633 2966 3316 3681 4063 4461 4874 5302 5745 5.0 6577 7170 7784 8418 2435 2767 3117 3484 3868 4269 4687 5121 5571 6037 -- Table 5. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the total tree above stump for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.o.b. top-- D.b.h. (inches) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ZQ 30 167 242 233 338 309 448 395 573 710 861 186 252 245 332 309 420 378 514 614 721 Height to 4-inch top (feet)2--/ 40 50 60 70 80 315 440 583 745 924 1121 1335 1565 1812 2075 2355 2650 2961 3288 3630 3987 4359 4747 314 413 522 639 764 896 1035 1181 1333 1492 1656 1826 2001 2182 2369 2560 2756 2958 -Pounds- HICKORY-3/ 387 540 716 914 1134 1375 1637 1920 2223 2546 2888 3250 3632 4032 4452 4890 5347 5822 846 1080 1340 1625 19 34 2268 2626 3008 3413 3841 4291 4765 5260 5778 6318 6880 974 1243 1543 1871 2227 2612 3024 3464 3930 4423 4942 5487 6058 6654 7275 7922 ASH*' 371 489 618 757 905 1061 1226 1398 1579 1766 1961 2162 2370 2584 2805 3031 3264 3502 710 869 1038 1218 1407 1605 1812 2028 2251 2482 2721 2967 3220 3480 3747 4020 798 976 1167 1369 1581 1804 2037 2279 25 30 2 789 3058 3334 3619 3911 4211 4518 1743 2114 2517 2952 3417 3914 4441 4998 5584 6200 6845 7519 8221 8952 1291 1515 1750 1996 2253 2521 2799 3086 3383 3689 4004 4327 4659 4999 1/ Blocked-in area indicates range of data 2/ Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance -'Y = 0.56588(D 2 H4) -91527 ^Y 75724 = 1.67770( D 2h4)- 90 100 2803 3288 3806 4359 4946 5566 6220 6906 7624 8375 9157 9971 4192 4801 5447 6130 6849 7605 8396 9223 10084 10981 1412 1656 1913 2182 2464 2756 3060 3374 3699 4033 4377 4731 5094 5465 2072 2364 2668 2985 3314 3654 4006 4368 4741 5124 5517 5919 -- Table 6. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the saw-log merchantable stem for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and height to 4-inch d.o.b. top-- D.b.h. (inches) 40 Height to 4-inch top 2/ (feet)- 50 60 70 80 90 - - Pounds HICKORY 2/ 11 553 715 882 1053 1228 1406 12 675 873 1077 1286 1500 1718 13 812 1050 1295 1547 1804 2066 14 963 1245 1536 1835 2139 2450 15 1129 1460 1801 2150 2508 2872 16 1310 1694 2089 2495 2910 3332 17 1506 1947 2402 2869 3345 3831 18 1718 2221 2740 3272 3816 4370 19 1946 2516 3103 3706 4322 4950 20 2190 2831 3492 4171 4864 5570 21 2450 3168 3908 4667 5442 6232 22 2727 3526 4350 5194 6057 6937 ASH*' 11 440 556 674 792 911 1030 12 528 668 808 950 1093 1237 13 625 790 956 1124 1293 1463 14 730 923 1117 1313 1510 1708 15 844 1066 1291 1517 1745 1974 16 966 1221 1478 1737 1998 2260 17 1097 1386 1678 1972 2269 2567 18 1237 1562 1892 2223 2557 2893 19 1385 1750 2119 2490 2864 3241 20 1542 1949 2359 2773 3190 3609 21 1708 2159 2613 3072 3533 3997 22 1883 2380 2881 3386 3895 4407 1/ Blocked-in area indicates range of data 2/ Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance -'y = 0.03164(D 2 H4) 1 ' 15129 'y = 1 ' 04832 0.06038(d2h4) 100 2332 2766 3242 3762 4325 4934 5588 6288 7036 7832 1381 1633 1908 2205 2524 2866 3231 3619 4030 4464 4922 10 -- Table 7. Predicted green weight of wood and bark in the stem to a 4-inch d.o.b. top for mockernut hickory and white ash by d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.o.b. top- Height to 4-inch top 2/ (feet) 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -PoundsHICKORY-3/ 5 116 170 223 275 6 163 240 315 388 7 219 321 421 520 618 715 8 281 413 542 669 795 920 9 516 677 836 993 1149 1304 10 630 826 1020 1212 1402 1591 11 989 1222 1452 1679 1905 12 1166 1440 1711 1980 2246 13 1357 1676 1991 2303 2613 14 1561 1928 2290 2649 3006 15 1778 2196 2609 3018 3424 16 2009 2481 2948 3410 3869 17 2253 2782 3306 3824 4339 no -L