Reports of the trustees, superintendent and resident physican, and other officers of the lunatic asylum, of the state of Georgia from October 1st, 1885, to 1st October, 1886

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REPORTS
OP THE
GENERAL SJBR
OCT 7 1939
I UNIVERSITY OF GH
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Trustees and Officers
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GIFT OF T O 3
LUNATIC ASYLUM
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
From OCTOBER 1st 1885 to 1st OCTOBER 1886
MlLLEDGEVILLE GEORGIA
UNION RECORDERBARNES MOORE Printers
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REPORTS
OF THE
Trustees Superintendent and Resident Physician
AND
OTHER OFFICERS
OF THE
LUNATIC ASYLUM
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
Feom OCTOBER 1st 1885 to 1st OCTOBER 1888
MlLLEDGEYILLE GE5RGIA
UNION RECORDERBARNES MOORE Printers
1886
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Government of the State Lunatic Asylum
TRUSTEES
T F NEWELL PresidentMilledgeville
G A CABANISS VicePresidentForstth
W H HALL M DMilledgeville
T H LATIMERMilledgeville
A T McINTYREThomasville
FFICERSi
Superintendent and Resident PhysicianDr T O POWELL
First Assistant PhysicianDr J M WHITAKER
Second Assistant PhysicianDr HARRIS HALL
Third Assistant PhysicianDr L M JONES
Fourth Assistant PhysicianDr M H ODANIEL
ApothecaryMr P A WEST
StewardL J LAMAR ESQ
Assistant StewardG W HOLLINSHEAD
SecretaryFLEMING G GRIEVE ESQ
MatronMRS J M DARNELL
TreasurerTHOMAS T WINDSOR Esq
ChaplainRev A J BECK

I
REPORT OF TRUSTEES
STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM
Near Milledgeville Ga
October 14th 1886
To His Excellency Henry D McDaniel
Governor of Georgia
SirIn compliance with the law the Trustees of the
Asylum make this their Annual Eeport for the year
extending from October 1st 1885 to October 1st 1886
As part of the same they herewith also submit the
reports of the Superintendent Steward and other sub
ordinate officers which will show in detail the internal
workings and expenses of the Institution for the fiscal
year
The Trustees are glad to report that they are satisfied
with the conduct and management of the Institution espe
cially in the attention given to the mental or moral treat
ment of the patients And now that the male and female
convalescent buildings have been finished and occupied
giving the medical officers a larger opportunity of classi
fying the patients we think the State may look confi
dently for even greater improvements in this respeet
With the finishing of the male convalescent hall which
was occupied last spring were completed the new im
provements and additions required by the Act of the
Legislature All of which improvements and additions
which you will find catalogued in the last report of the
Trustees we believe to be a credit to the State and well
adapted to the uses and purposes for which they are
intended

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State Lunatic Asylum
The last Legislature passed an Act amendatory of an
Act approved 28th February 1874 which gave great
relief to the Institution As amended the body of the
Act reads as follows
The Board of Trustees of the Lunatic Asylum shall
have power upon certifying thereunto of the medical
officer of the Institution to discharge or remand to the
county authorities whose duty it is made by law to
provide for the paupers from which he or she was sent
a patient in said Asylum whose condition is such that
no probability exists of his or her restoration to full
reason or sanity by medical ministrations thereto and
who at the same time is regarded harmless and inoffen
sive in spirit and whose remission to social life would
reasonably involve no danger to the life of those with
whom he or she would be associated
By the old Act the Board was considerably embar
rassed as they were ixnable to find the friends to whom
such cases could be remanded But the amended Act
making it obligatory upon the county authorities to
receive and care for such cases has worked well and in
many instances even found the friends whose duty it is
to take care of them It has relieved the Institution of
one hundred and twentyfive harmless and incurable
cases and made room for a like number of violent and
curable cases who may be materially benefited and
who are proper subjects for the Asylum Besides it has
worked wonders in preventing the sending of the harm
less and incurable cases with which the Institution
would soon again be filled without this restriction
By reference to the Stewards report and the tables
attached you will observe the improvements made during
the year to the property of the Institution It also
shows that the cost per capita was thirtythree and three
quarter cents per diem
Tou will also observe in his report the amount ofEepobt of Trustees
expenditures for the year as well as the balance to the
credit of the Institution in the State Treasury
While we ask for no increase in the appropriation it
is the unanimous opinion of the Board that it will require
175000 per annum to support and maintain the Insti
tution through 1887 and 1888
Since the last report of the Trustees Col L N
Whittle for a long while the honored President of this
Board has departed this life He died on the 17th of
February 1886 at Macon Georgia aged 68 years
Probably the last letter that he ever wrote was about the
business of the Asylum and its operations True to the
great trust reposed in him by the State his last thoughts
were given to finding those methods by which this great
charity of the State could be best administered He was
ever faithful to his trust and died as he had lived
beloved and honored by all who knew him
Since our last report too has died another officer whose
death was a loss not only to this Institution but to the
State as it was through his wise management in a great
measure that the present economical rules that now
obtain in the Institution were established We refer to
John Hammond the late Steward of the Asylum While
in the discharge of his duty he was suddenly struck
down with paralysis doubtless the result of an over
worked brain
He died at his home in Midway on November 13th
1885 aged 74 years 1 month and 16 days He was ever
faithful and deserved well of the State and should be
remembered by her
Respectfully submitted
T F Newell President
G A Cabaniss Vice President
W H Hall M D
T H Latimee
A T McIntybe
6

SUPERINTENDENTS REPORT
STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM
Near Milledgeville Ga
October 1 1886
To the Honorable Board of Trustees
Georgia Lunatic Asylum
Gentlemen In compliance with the requirements of
the law and the rules of the Institution I submit herewith
for your consideration the annual report of this Institu
tion including the reports of the Steward Treasurer and
other officers giving a detailed account of its operations
and the movement of its population from October 1 1885
to October 1 1886
On the 1st of October 1885 there were white patients
892 on hand and 345 colored making a total of 1237
There have been received during the year 274 whites and
117 colored making a total reception of 391 There
have been discharged removed returned to counties
and died during the year of both white and colored 390
leaving on hand 1st October 1886 1238
Tho average number of patients under treatment dur
ing the year was 1237 while the whole number receiving
treatment was 1628
The following tables will give in detail the movement
of both the white and colored
Statement in relation to the Number of White Patients
during the past Twelve Months or from the 1st of
October 1885 to 1st of October 1886
There remained on hand 1st of October 1885892
White Male Lunatics 346
White Male Epileptics 42
White Male Idiots 27415
White Female Lunatics387
White Female Epileptics 47
White Female Idiots 43477892
State Lunatic Asylum
There have been received during the year
White Males149
White Females125 274
Total number of whites under treatment
during the year 1166
Of whom there have been discharged
restored100
Removed improved 8
Removed unimproved 2
Eloped 2112
Returned to counties chronic harmless by
Act of General Assembly 94206
There have died 72278
Leaving on hand 1st of October 1886
white Patients 888
CLASSIFICATION OF THE WHITES
White Male Lunatics353
White Male Epileptics 48
White Male Idiots 15416
White Female Lunatics 412
White Female Epileptics 40
White Female Idiots 20472888
Of the deaths there occurred fourteen 14 from ex
hausted mania thirteen 13 from epilepsy seven 7
from marasmus six 6 from consumption four 4 from
apoplexy live 5 from old age three 3 from dropsy
three 3 from heart disease three 3 from paralysis
two 2 from convulsions two 2 from diarrhoea two 2
from chronic diarrhoea one 1 from cancer one 1 from
inflammation of the stomach one 1 from anosmia one
1 from pernicious anoemia one 1 from nervous ex
haustion one 1 from erysipelas one 1 from conges
tion of the kidneys one 1 from chronic exhaustion
Statement in relation to the Number of Colored Patients
during the past Twelve Months or from the 1st of
October 1885 to 1st of October 1886
There remained on hand 1st October 1885345
Colored Male Lunatics121
Colored Male Epileptics 29
Colored Male Idiots 21171
Colored Female Lunatics159
Colored Female Epileptics 11
Colored Female Idiots 4174345Superintendents Report
There have been received during the year
Colored Males 62
Colored Females 55 117
Total number of colored under treatment
during the year 462
Of whom there have been discharged
restored 28
Removed improved 533
Returned to counties chronic harmless by
Act of General Assembly 28
There have died 51112
Leaving on hand 1st October 1886 Col
ored Patients 350
CLASSIFICATION OF THE COLORED
Colored Male Lunatics 126
Colored Male Epileptics 30
Colored Male Idiots 10166
Colored Female Lunatics170
Colored Female Epileptics 12
Colored Female Idiots 2184350
Of the deaths there occurred from exhausted mania
thirteen 13 consumption eight 8 apoplexy four 4
epilepsy five 5 paralysis three 3 softening of brain
two 2 marasmus two 2 chronic diarrhoea two 2
heart disease two 2 old age two 2 dropsy one 1
pneumonia one 1 diarrhoea one 1 convulsions one 1
scrofula one 1 general dropsy one 1 congestion of the
brain one 1 continued fever one 1
HEALTH
The health of the Institution has been remarkably
good By reference to the causes of death it will be seen
the sickness was not in any way due to local causes
which shows the good sanitary condition of the Asylum
We have had under treatment during the year sixteen
hundred and twentyeight 1628 patients and when Ave
consider the large number of old people and the feeble
both mentally and physically which were necessarily
fatal cases we think that we have been peculiarly
blessed and feel grateful to a merciful Providence for
the entire exemption we have enjoyed from all epidem
ics or contagious diseases or accidents of any kind and
that the Institution in its every department moved so
smoothly and quietly on in the discharge of the benevo

10
State Lunatic Asylum
lent duty of endeavoring to restore and ameliorate the
condition of the afflicted Such duties are of course
fraught with much care and mental anxiety
RECOVERIES
The recoveries for the past year have been all that
we could expect when we consider the duration of in
sanity in the cases received during the year and when
we remember that recovery from insanity bears almost a
direct ratio to its duration
I might say here but for the late act of the General
Assembly remanding back to the counties all harmless
and incurable cases that simply need care not treat
ment the institution would have long since been
over crowded and the demand for room would have been
made to relieve the jails throughout the State of the
insane We have received all applicants save those
coming under the late act hence there has been no ne
cessity for keeping any of our insane confined in the jails
of the country
GRADING
The work of grading the grounds in front and around
the new buildings has been pushed as fast as it could be
done under the circumstances having to rely upon the
work of the patients with the assistance of one or two
attendants and they have been so frequently called off
to do other pressing work there is yet much grading to
be done before the grounds are in proper order When
completed it will add greatly to the surroundings of the
institution and give much comfort and pleasure to the
patients and will be an addition to our means of moral
treatment especially to the large number that go out
daily at will
OCCUPATION
We have endeavored in every way to give employment
to as many of the patients as possible so far as compati
ble with their condition and the means at our command
There have been quite a large number employed in vari
ous ways about the institution In my judgment there
is nothing so essential to the insane generally as judi
cious employment It produces contentment and im
proves mental and physical healthSuPEBINTENDENTS PiErOET
11
AMUSEMENTS
The variety of amusements that we have had regularly
during the year has exerted a most healthful and
ameliorating influence on our afflicted charge It not
only breaks the monotony of asylum life but it dispels
morbid ideas or thoughts brings light and cheer to the
gloomy and despondent adds also much to their content
ment happiness and improvement It like occupation
is indispensable in the treatment of the insane
nd its Si
of
In compliance with a resolution of the Senate and
House of Eepresentatives I herewith submit my inves
tigations as to the increase of insanity in this State and
the most important factors in its causation so far as it has
been practicable to ascertain them It must be remem
bered however that it is almost impossible to get a full
or perfectly reliable history of cases as they are
brought to the hospitalsespecially the antecedent his
tory It often happens that patients are brought by
parties who know nothing of the cases whatever and it
also frequently occurs that relatives and friends are loth
to give antecedent history if it tends to show hereditary
taint while by others clear manifestations of insanity in
their ancestors are regarded as simply idiosyncracies and
not insanity Hence you can very readily see that in
many cases it is a difficult matter to get at even the sup
posed direct or indirect cause of the malady
After a careful investigation of what is considered an
alarming increase of insanity among the white popula
tion of the State and its causes I am led to the opinion
that while there has perhaps been a slight increase in
the last ten years among the whites out of proportion
to the population the alarming increase in the number
applying for hospital treatment is largely attributable to
causes other than a great increase of the malady itself
In other words the increase is more apparent than
rejd as will be seen from a careful study of the factors
enumerated below
1 One of the causes of this apparent increase is that
prior to the war a large number of the harmless cases

could bo cared for at home with less expense to their
families than if sent to the Asylum Then servants
could be controlled and used as nurses for such cases
now it is almost impossible even where persons are fully
able to pay a nurse to get one to remain long at a time
with a patient Hence families are frequently forced to
send their relatives to the Asylum to secure attention
which cannot be provided at home
2 Another cause may be found in the Act passed by
the General Assembly in 1877 making this Institution
free to all bona fide citizens of the State Since that
time it has been the disposition of county authorities to
send to the Asylum upon the slightest mental disturb
ance or weakness all cases that were in any way an ex
pense to the county and the result has been that we
have received many cases that needed care not treat
ment
3 Again prior to the war many of our citizens were
able to send their insane relatives and friends to asylums
in other states Under the false ideas which obtained in
that day regarding insanity and asylums the insane
wore quietly taken off and perhaps very few people out
side of the family knew anything of the matter Such
cases never came to the surface nor were they reported
to the census enumerator
4 Another important factor in the causation of the
apparent increase is to bo found in the great change
which has taken place in the minds of the people in re
gard to insanity and hospital treatment There has been
a steady advance in the treatment of the insane during
the last few decades and this has been attended by a
corresponding increase of public confidence Accommo
dations have been greatly enlarged and improved All
the hygienic arrangements necessary for health and
comfort are in accordance with the most advanced ideas
upon this subject and regular and systematic care and
attention are combined with diversified amusements
which tend to produce contentment and prolong life
With the chronic insane the rate of deaths and dis
charges is now less than the rate of new cases Perhaps
from onefourth to onethird of each years casesare left
over for the next Hospital treatment has been still
further popularized and its efficiency also increased by
the greater liberty allowed to patients The liberty ofSuperintendents Report
13
it is
the grounds is extended to all patients whenever
deemed compatible with their welfare
These changes and improvements have done much to
dispel from the public mind false ideas of insanity and
hospital treatment The prevailing notion with many
was that as soon as a person passed the portals of the
Asylum his prospects were blasted for life and that a
stigma was placed upon the family for all time These
views have been still more thoroughly dissipated by a
better knowledge of the nature of insanity as a disease
and by the success which has attended hospital treat
ment There is scarcely a county of the State which
does not hold some one upon whom this cloud has
rested but who has since made a good happy and useful
citizenproving a blessing to his family and to society
Some of this class have moved in the humbler spheres of
life while others have attained distinction and reflected
honor upon their county and State To be sent to the
Asylum is no longer regarded as necessarily a blight
upon the individual life nor as a disgrace to his family
This change in the public mind has brought to light
many hitherto unknown cases and I need not add
largely promoted this apparent increase of insanity
among the whites
5 Another cause of the apparent increase is due to
the general information upon the subject of insanity
among the medical profession Physicians now fully
appreciate the benefits to be derived directly and indi
rectly from hospital treatment and agree that the first
aim as a general thing in the treatment of the insane
should be to remove them from home relativesfriends and
the surroundings under which insanity occurred It is
usually the case with the insane that they entertain de
lusions in regard to their nearest and dearest friends and
relatives Such surroundings supply constant food for
the morbid ideas entertained and familiar scenes are
more than likely to prove detrimental While this is not
true of other diseases and they can perhaps be better
cared for by relatives and friends at home it is true of
the insane and the fact that it is more fully appreciated
now by the profession increases the demand for hospital
treatment thereby creating the impression that there is
an alarming increase of insanity
14
State Lunatic Asylum
G One of the most important factors in this apparent
increase is the continued extension of the boundary lines
of insanity A large number are now received in the
hospitals for treatment who years ago would not have
been regarded as insane but simply peculiar or odd If
they had any capacity and could reason well from their
standpoint it made but little difference if there was any
perversion of the natural mode of thinking and acting
or if they had delusions just so long as they were not
dangerous and could live in harmony with society they
were not regarded as fit subjects for Asylum care or
treatment Only the violent boisterous dangerous and
destructive were sent to the Asylum Many of this class
were kept at home tied or confined out of sight These
cases never came to the surface and of course the dura
tion of life under such circumstances was short It
must be remembered that the asylums of today are not
what they were in former years They are hospitals for
the sick receiving all classes of mental diseases that are
thought to be amenable to treatment or whose condi
tion might be ameliorated in any way by care or treat
ment and we should not lose sight of the fact that a
large number in asylums are counted year after year
who swell the aggregate but who would soon die out if left
at home Other reasons for this apparent increase might
be given but the foregoing are deemed sufficient
While there has been a slight increase of insanity
among the whites after carefully considering the etiology
of this increase my opinion is that it is not so great as
would at first thought appear It is almost an impossi
bilitv to roach a conclusion as to what the real increase
has been From the statements already made it is easily
seen that we have no reliable basis from which to begin
our calculations The census returns have been very
imperfect and unavoidably so from the causes stated
The census of 1880 is the only one that has ever in my
judgment approximated anything like a correct estimate
of the white insane in this State and this is of little
value because of the defective returns prior to that date
Below I copy the census returns for the last three dec
ades They should be compared under the light of the
facts stated above
The census of I860 places the white population ofSuperintendents Eepoet
15
Georgia at 591588 and the white insane at 447 one to
every 1323
The census of 1870 estimates the white population of
Georgia at 638926 and the white insane at 634 or one
to every 1007
The census of 1880 estimates the white population at
816906 and the white insane at 1286 one to every 635
When we consider the census of 1870 giving the white
insane of Georgia at 634 and the census of 1880 esti
mating the white insane to be 1286 we certainly would
not be justifiable in supposing that the white insane had
more than doubled in the past ten years and that there
had been an actual increase of insanity among the race
to that amount Much of this increase in numbers
should be attributed to causes heretofore mentioned
From table No 7 will be seen the population the
insane native and foreign and the proportionate number
of the insane to the population of each State and Ter
ritory in the United States from the census of 1S80
Table number 8 is a valuable table prepared by Dr
A O Wright of Wisconsin showing the insane in the
States and Territories of the United States arranged
geographically
surrosED causes of insanity
Insanity is the result of a number of events and con
ditions which go to make up one pathological state and
in considering the causes it should be remembered that
it is a malady requiring a thorough knowledge of the
facts in the history of each case before wo can consider
with any certainty the pathological condition There are
a variety and combination of causes that may tend to its
conception in different cases and my experience in try
ing to get a correct history of cases that would indicate
the predisposing as well as the exciting cause has lead
me to the opinion that the relatives friends or parties
accompanying them to the asylum generally give
some one of the exciting causes as the jjredisposing cause
when perhaps there has been acombination of causes
For instance the cause generally given is one of the fol
lowing 111 health failure in business or loss of proper
ty domestic trouble disappointed affection loss of wife
husband or children or relatives fright constant applica
tion to business or overwork blow to the head received

16
State Lunatic Asylum
many years ago perhaps when a child hard study jeal
ousy religious excitement excessive use of alcoholic
stimulants or opium poverty or if a female unhealthy
condition of menstrual functions c c Some one of
these is generally given as the direct cause of insanity
without ever considering whether there existed inherited
tendency or taint in the family With an inherited sus
ceptibility to insanity any one or a combination of
these causes might produce the disease We have often
heard of cases like the following A and B engage in
business they fail A becomes insane B bears his
misfortune with the courage of a man The public mind
never looks behind the immediate cause never inquires
whether A had any inherited taint when perhaps he
inherited a defective organism that simply needed the
slightest exciting cause to produce insanity The reason
that insanity results in one case and not in the other
must be looked for in a predisposition to insanity Those
who are perfectly free from all inherited tendencies and
taint are not likely to become insane from losses worry
overwork c c There must exist a neurosis which
makes us susceptible to mental disease I cannot here
go fully into the pathological causation of insanity but
in considering the most important factors hereditary
predisposition should be the first to claim attention for
it is without doubt the most potent of all causes What we
are is largely if not entirely due to heredity and envi
ronment Bad environments foster and develop the de
fects while good environments might modify improve
or eradicate them 1 apprehend that there is no ques
tion of such vital importance to suffering humanity
as this and no one that is so wofully neglected or mis
apprehended Upon its influence the mental and physi
cal health depend It is a deplorable fact that there is
more interest manifested in the transmission of defective
organisms in the lower order of animals than in the hu
man race What man engaged in raising fine stock
would breed to or from any animal without knowing its
antecedent history pedigree or hereditary tendencies
and without keeping a watchful eye over its environ
ment But how often do we see individuals marry hav
ing perhaps remote tendencies on both sides to a scrof
ulous diathesis that perhaps had almost faded out bySuperintendents Report
17
proper marriages and redevelope and perpetuate in
their families these fearful maladies fraught with so
much mental and physical suffering The condition of so
cietyits mental and physical health cannot be improved
without a proper regard to heredity and environment
Mental integrity as well as the highest happiness and
usefulness depend upon it Families generally repeat
themselves in their descendants The defective mental
action of the parent whether fully developed or not is
more than likely to appear in the children If this de
fective mental action is indicated in a slight neurosis
with both the father and mother this morbid condition
may be transmitted to their offspring in which case it
frequently developes into insanity Fifty per cent
of all cases that have come under my observation and
perhaps a much larger per cent is due to insane temper
ament This inherited predisposition is due to the
structural and physiological defects of the central ner
vous apparatus But to what are these inherited ten
dencies that make us so susceptible to insanity and other
maladies due They are perhaps more largely due to
alcoholism than any other cause While there is a very
small per cent of insanity that is directly due to alco
holic liquors a very large per cent is indirectly due to it
perhaps from 50 to 75 per cent Some of the most dis
tinguished alienists and neurologists who have given
much time and study to the question think there is at
least from fifty to seventyfive per cent indirectly caused
by alcoholic liquors A distinguished physician who
had had under his treatment several thousand insane
and who had made a special study of the transmitted ef
fects of alcoholism said to me in reply to enquiries on
the subject That the children of intemperate parents are
more liable to become insane intemperate epileptic and
much more liable to be congenitally imbecile is beyond
dispute I have long thought that the worst effects of
alcoholic intemperance is to be found visited upon the
succeeding generations of drunken parents The fact
that both parents are seldom drunkards is all that saves
descendants from utter ruin When we consider the
class of people that furnish the largest ratio of insanity
to the population we find not only that the men are ad
dicted to alcoholic stimulants but frequently the women
also These individuals marry and they continue to

18
State Lunatic Asylum
generate defective organisms that are susceptible to in
sanity c and hence in each succeeding generation
these morbid tendencies increase out of proportion to
the increase of the population I might say here that
there are no induced or acquired habits or tendencies
that are more readily transmitted than those of alcohol
ism and when inherited none are so difficult to over
come It is not necessary by any means that this taint
or morbid tendency to alcoholism should always be re
produced in the children It may be as it frequently is
manifested in other morbid conditions such as insanity
epilepsy idiocy uncontrollable temper moral depravity
c Some fifteen years back there were sent to this in
stitution two children boys quite young They were
almost reared in the institution Both parents I learned
were the subjects of alcoholism One of the boys was an
idiot the other had a very good memory capable of
learning but their every movement in every particular
was that of a drunken man The motion of the head and
articulation were those of the drunkard and when they
would attempt to wall they would stagger reel and fall
like a person very much intoxicated They doubtless
had never tasted alcoholic stimulants On one occasion
I gave the older one then about grown a little wine and
it seemed to develqpe instantly a morbid irresistable appe
tite for it His constant demand was for more of the
red stuff This indicated clearly to my mind that the
sleeping morbid tendency simply needed the slightest
alcoholic stimulant to establish an uncontrollable morbid
thirst for it It is not an uncommon thing to see in our
female patientsthose who had drinking fathersa
quick morbid susceptibility for certain drugs chloral
morphine c It is more than probable that had their
environment been like those of the men they would have
been drunkards
Blanford one of the standard authors on insanity and
its treatment says If we could accurately ascertain the
statistics of insanity in other countries civilized semi
civilized or barbarous I think it is probable we should
find insanity in proportion to the use of intoxicating
liquors or substances
A distinguished alienist in reply to enquiries on the
subject says A very small per cent is put down as the
direct result of intemperance perhaps less than five perSupebintendents Eepoet
19
cent Ninetenths of all the insanity is the result of he
reditary taint How much of this inherited weakness is
the result of intemperate habits in the ancestors would
be hard to say but I have always believed that it is
much larger than is generally supposed Some have put
it as high as 75 per cent which I do not think is exag
gerated I know of nothing so potent in the production
of brain degeneration as alcohol
Dr Stearnes in his valuable work on Insanity its
causes and preventions says Echeveria who has
collected a large number of statistics on the subject
gives the following in reference to the histories of sixty
eight males and fortyseven females who had experienc
ed alcoholism in some of its forms The number of chil
dren born to these persons was four hundred and seven
tysix and of this total twentythree were stillborn
one hundred and seven died from convulsions in
infancy thirtyseven died from other maladies throe
committed suicide ninetysix are epileptic thirteen are
congenital idiots nineteen maniacal or hypochondriacal
seven have general paralysis five locomotor ataxy twen
ty six hysteria twentythree paralysis nine chorea sev
en strabismus three are deaf nineteen are scrofulous
and crippled Of these children two hundred and five
205 or nearly fifty per cent have exhibited drinking
tendencies Dr Stearnes says From the above sta
tistics it appears that of all the nervous diathesis which
may be inherited there are none which are more inva
riable in their effects or more surely disastrous to their
unfortunate victims than that of alcoholism
Syphilis is another potent cause of insanity and one
which exerts a much greater influence both direct and
inherited than is generally supposed
Moral causes of insanity are domestic troubles com
mercial speculations losses religious excitement worry
over work c Any one having an insane diathesis
coming in contact with any one or a combination of
these exciting causes might become insane but to one
entirely free from all constitutional taint it is more than
likely that they would prove harmless The violations
of the laws of health producing insomania which is
highly detrimental to mental integrity is a factor in the
etiology of insanity Emotional excitement and excesses
of various kinds exert influences upon the brain and

20
State Lunatic Asylum
nervous system which tend to develop mental disease
The increased tension of the brain and nervous system
required by modern methods of life and business call
ings less sleep less leasure to the nervous system for
rest and recuperation and inefficient moral education
all tend to brain degeneration and mental trouble
We might enlarge the list of these causes but it is
unnecessary as we have given what we believe and what
are generally conceded to be the most potent causes
insanity in the colored eace of this state
There has been a radical change in the susceptibility to
certain diseases notably insanity phthisis and similar
maladies in this class of our population from which they
were almost entirely exempt up to 1867 While there
were some few idiots and epilptics it is well known that
it was very rare indeed that we ever heard of an insane
negro prior to that time It must be remembered too
that only one of the causes given for the incorrect enu
meration or returns of the white insane can be applied
to the colored namely the extension of the boundary
lines of insanity
The census of 1860 will show that there were only
fortyfour 44 insane negroes in the State in a popula
tion of four hundred and sixtyfive thousand six hundred
and ninetyeight 465698 or one insane negro to every
ten thousand five hundred and eightyfour 10584
The census of 1870 shows that there were one hun
dred and twentynine 129 insane negroes in the State
in a population of five hundred and fortyfive thousand
one hundred and fortytwo 545142 or one colored in
sane to every four thousand two hundred and twentyfive
4225
The census of 1880 gives the colored population at
seven hundred and twentyfive thousand one hundred
and thirtythree 725133 the colored insane four hun
dred and eleven one to every seventeen hundred and
sixtyfour 1764
The census returns from 1860 to 1880 show the in
orease of insanity among the colored race in this State
and the increase from 1880 up to the present time has
doubtless been in the same ratio The etiology of this
sudden outburst of insanity in the colored race is a
problem of profound interest not only to the medicalPsychologist but to all who sympathize with those un
fortunates who are the subjects of this fearful malady
and indeed to the public generally for with the same
ratio of increase as in the past decade coupled Avith the
growing susceptibility from heredity the colored insane
will soon outnumber the white It is only a question of
little time before it will burden the State to provide for
this class of her afflicted
We know that the causes that have produced so much
insanity in the colored race since the war could not have
been in full force prior to that time or insanity would
have been the result The general enquiry is what
are the acknowledged causes of this outburst of insanity
among the negroes It cannot be attributed to heredi
tary predisposition or to mental disease for there was
no class of people up to 1867 that enjoyed better men
tal or physical health
It is believed by some that one of the principal causes
of their insanity is the thought of tomorrow which they
never had in slaverythe mental anxiety as to the care
and support of their families but their condition will not
as yet justify such an opinion This cause may perhaps
exert an influence at some time in the future should they
become more refined and cultivated and more highly
sensitive and delicately organized
During the past twenty years quite a large number of
the colored insane have come under my observation and
in only a very few of that number was there any reason
whatever to believe that such a cause had exerted an in
fluence in the development of mental disease The in
crease cannot be attributed to losses sustained in com
mercial speculation or in any other ways nor is it due
to over brain work or increased tension of the brain by
any of the business callings of modern life It is not in
duced by wealth or luxury nor do jealousy disappointed
affections domestic troubles grief etc exert as yet
much influence in the development of this malady
Much could be written in regard to the good health of
this race while in slavery and the recent outburst of in
sanity and other diseases to which they were not former
ly susceptible but it is unnecessary for the problem can
be solved in a few words
Their remarkable mental and physical health and their
immunity from certain diseases while in slavery was en

22
State Lunatic Asylum
tirely due to the healthful restraints that surrounded
them from childhood through life They were taught
from infancy obedience and self control and forced to
obey all the laws of health so that their environments
all tended to health The cause of insanity and other
diseases with them now from which they were exempt
in slavery is the removal of all healthful restraints that
formerly surrounded them As soon as they were re
moved they began to violate the laws of health indulg
ing their appetites and passions and falling into all sorts
of irregularities Too much freedom and liberty is dan
gerous to mental health especially in youth when the
system is much more susceptible to unfavorable influ
ences of all kinds It must bo remembered that the
negro by nature is emotional hence his tendency to ir
regular habitsgreat emotional excitement political and
religious Not having the restraining influence of refined
and cultivated society they are very frequently led into
excesses which produce insanity the legitimate result of
constant mental and muscular excitement insufficient
sleep and rest for the recuperation of the brain and ner
vous system Alcoholic intemperance is perhaps one of
the most potent indirect causes of insanity imbecility
idiocy epilepsy and all sorts of morbid tendencies and
it is to be apprehended more powerful among the ne
gro race than all other influences because of their emo
tional nature and the disposition of both the women
and men to alcoholic intemperance We may expect in
the children of such parents imbecility idiocy epilepsy
and various morbid tendencies making them very sus
ceptible to insanity and other diseases Those having
these morbid tendencies will intermarry and hence we
are justified in the opinion that insanity will continue to
increase in each succeeding generation of this race
While insanity in the colored race is now much less
than that of the white in proportion to the population
it is clue to the fact that only a short time back they
had no inherited tendency to mental disease and they
were forced to obey all the laws of mental health Very
few of those who have inherited an insane temperament
have reached the age at which insanity is most likely to
be developed It is a disease generally of adult life
The inherited neurotic tendencies are just beginning to
be developed in the younger generation and from theirSupekintendents Eepobt
descendants we look for a rapid increase of insanity for
every quality or attribute of both the mental and physi
cal condition of man is capable of more or less direct
transmission
Syphilis has played an important part in the produc
tion of insanity with this class In slavery the disease
was not so frequent with them and they had promptly
the best medical and other attention and all directions
rigidly enforced Now but few cases ever get the atten
tion of a physician before the secondary or tertiary stage
of the disease and it is seldom that the direction of the
physician is fully complied with Their mode and manner
of living a free and unrestrained indulgence of all their
appetites in every way possible irregular habits over
crowded rooms unhealthy surroundings neglect insick
ness poorly nourished has exerted much influence in the
production of insanity In slavery all the laws of health
were generally enforced As yet they seemto be exempt
from paresis I have never seen a case with a genuine
negro And they as a class are free from the opium
habit while with the whites this habit directly and in
directly is productive of much insanity and other mor
bid tendencies The inquiry is frequently made as to
whether the tendencies of the colored insane are like
those of the whites They are violent boisterous destruct
ive and sometimes homicidal with a tendency frequently
to a nude condition Until a few years back there was
but little tendency with them to refuse all nourishment
This tendency has grown rapidly in the past seven or
eight years and now is about equal to that of the whites
in proportion to the insane population They were en
tirely free from all suicidal tendencies up to 1882 as
shown by all cases that came under my observation Since
then the tendency while slow has gradually increased
There is comparatively but little tendency as yet to
paralysis aside from the epileptics or those who have
received severe blows to the head I think it is more
than probable that in the course of time all the tenden
cies of the white insane will be developed in the negro
By reference to Table 9 will be seen the colored popu
lation the colored insane and the proportionate number
of the colored insane to the population of each State and
Territory of the United States from the Census of 1880

24
State Lunatic Asylum
Table 10 shows the number of colored insane in this
Asylum at the commencement of each Asylum year from
1867 the first year accommodations were provided for
their reception to 1886 For several years we could
only receive colored patients as vacancies would occur
and the number remained about the same until the
buildings for the colored insane were enlargedSuperintendents Report
Table No 7
Showing the population and insane native and foreign and the proportionate
number of tlw insane to the population 0 each Stale and Territory of the United
States from the census of 18S0
States and
Territories U S
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Dakota
Delaware
Dist of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1880 1880 1 1880 1880
Population Insane Native Foreign
1262505 1521 1475 46
40440 21 9 12
802525 789 776 13
864694 2503 885 1618
194327 99 66 33
622700 1723 1214 509
135177 72 33 39
146608 198 169 29
177624 938 492 446
269493 253 238 15
1548180 1697 1602 35
32010 10 8 8
3077871 5134 3019 2115
1978301 3530 2912 618
1624615 2544 1716 828
996096 1000 759 241
1648690 2784 2482 302
939940 1002 834 168
648936 1542 1374 168
934943 1857 1612 245
1783085 5127 3343 1784
1636937 2796 1845 951
780773 1145 388 757
1131597 1147 1107 40
2168380 3310 2443 867
39159 59 28 31
452402 450 250 200
62266 31 15 16
346991 1056 927 129
1131116 2405 1445 960
119565 153 136 17
5082871 14111 7790 6321
1399750 2028 2023 5
3198002 7286 5313 1973
174768 378 264 114
4282891 8304 6164 2140
276531 684 455 229
995577 1112 1077 35
1542359 2404 2336 68
1591749 1564 1358 206
143963 151 58 93
332286 1015 834 181
1512505 2411 2311 100
75116 135 68 67
618457 982 886 96
1315497 2520 1050 1476
20789 4 2 2
830
1926
1017
345
1963
301
1878
740
189
1065
908
2038
600
558
639
996
592
938
421
504
348
586
681
987
655
664
1005
2008
329
470
781
362
690
439
462
516
404
895
642
1018
953
327
627
556
630
521
5197BUBS
HHHHH

26
State Lunatic Asylum
Table No 8
Valuable Table Carefully Prepared by
Dr A O Wright of Wisconsin
New England States
Maine one insane parson to every 421Massachusetts one to every 348
New Hampshireone toevery329 Rhode Island one to every404
Vermont one to every327lConneeticut one to every361
Total population of New England States4010029
Average of Insanity one to every 359
Middle States
New York one to every362 I Pennsylvania one to every51G
New Jersey one to every470
Total population of Middle States10496878
Average of Insanity one to every 424
Interior States
Michigan one to every
586
Wisconsin one to every521
996
Ohio one to every439
Indiana one to every558
Illinois one to every600
Total population13091477
Average of Insanity one toevery 610
NorthWestern States
Iowa one to every 639 I Kansas one to every
Minnesota onu to every681 Nebraska one to every1005
Total Population3853880
Average of Insanity one to every 750
South Middle States
Delaware one to every740 I Virgiuin one toevery627
Maryland one to every504 North Carolina one to every690
Total population3853866
Average of insanity one to every 610
South Interior States
West Virginia oneto every630 I Tennessee one to every 642
Kentucky one to every592 Missouri one to every655
Total population5977886
Averageof insanityone to every 629
Extreme Southern States
South Carolina one to every 895 I Mississippi one to every987
Georgia one to every 908 Louisiana one to every938
Florida one to every1065 Arkansas one to every1017
Alabama ore to every339 Texas one toevery1018
Total population 8499572
Averageof insanity one to everv 935
Pacific Slope
California one to every345 I Washington one toevery556
Oregon one to every462 Nevada one to every2008
Total population1176844
Average of insanity one to every 385
Western States and Territories
Dakota one to every1878 Colorado one to every1963
Montanaone toevery6641 New Mexico one to every781
Idaho one to every2033 I Utah one to every953
Wyoming one toevery5197 Arizona one toevery1926
Total population725994
Average of insanity one to everv 1263
District of Columbia one insane person toevery 189
Indian Territory and Alaska not reported
From the above it will be seen that the ratio of insanity decreases
as We go West or South of New England
Compare the different sections of the Northern States
New England one to every359
Middle States one to every424
Interior States one to every 610
NorthWestern States one to every750Superintendents Eepoet
27
Tablk No 9
Showing the colored population the colored insane and the proportionate num
ber of the colored insane to the population of each State and Territory of the
United States fxom the census 0I8SO
iStutes and Territories
United States
Colored Pop Colored One to
ulation 1880 Insane 1880 Every
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Dakota
Delaware
Dist of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
GOO 103
155
210666
6018
2435
11547
401
26442
59506
126690
725133
53
46368
39228
9516
43107
271451
483655
1451
210230
18697
15100
1564
650291
145350
346
2385
488
685
38853
1015
65104
531277
79900
487
85535
6488
604332
403151
393384
232
1057
631616
325
25886
2702
298
6580793
411
2
160
135
8
32
3
48
124
85
411
000
70
68
9
39
345
304
7
259
42
38
5
432
145
2
4
1
000
82
4
195
43
102
17
171
14
461
304
300
092
9
0C0
1400
77
1318
44
304
300
133
550
480
1490
1768
000
610
576
1057
1105
786
1590
207
811
445
397
312
1505
1002
173
596
488
000
473
253
333
1215
493
28
488
462
1310
1107
1285
116
211
012
81
699
300
000
6157

28
State Lunatic Asylum
Table No 10
Showing the number of colored insane in the Asylum at the commencement of
each Asylum year from ii 0I886
Year Number Year Number Year Number Year Number
1867 48 1872 98 1877 90 1882 250
1868 51 1873 98 1878 99 1883 304
I860 57 1874 90 1879 110 1884 339
1870 04 1875 88 1880 177 1885 345
1871 65 1870 90 1881 212 1886 350
IMPROVEMENTS
o
Improvements from October 1st 1885 to October 1st 1886
WATER WORKS
A new roof on old pump house An area wall around
pump house next to reservoir Water works boiler
taken out repaired and reset New steam piston and
water plunger to Cameron Water Works Pump with
new steam and water valves for same One lightfeed
lubricator
KITCHENS
During the year we have fitted up the kitchen at Male
Convalescent Building with a complete apparatus for
cooking by steam and range consisting of one twenty
five H P return tubular boiler One Berrymans Patent
Water Heater 22x96 Three forty gallon seamless steam
jacketed kettles Two twobushel seamless steam jacketed
vegetable steamers One twentyfive gallon copper steam
jacketed coffee kettle One ten gallon copper steam
jacketed tea kettle One steam roaster One steam
broiler One six foot Avrought iron range One 36x22x7
kitchen sink
These utensils are connected with steam and water
supply by all necessary piping valves fittings c The
condensed steam being returned direct to the boiler by
gravitythe boiler being located below the kettles c
One ten gallon copper steam tea kettle in Female Conva
lescent kitchen One galvanized cast iron sink 56x36x9
in kitchen for negro patients
PLUMBING
The entire plumbing has been done in the building for
male convalescent patients and center building attached
consisting of four water closets and two water closets andSuperintendents Beport
29
bath rooms combined with the necessary sink hot and
cold water pipes in five pantries off the dining room
Both hot and cold water has been run through the build
ing and connections made with the most improved valves
Cast iron soil pipes connect the several rooms with the
system of sewerage
Hot water pipes have been run through the entire ne
gro building and connection made with the hot water
tank in boiler house Sixteen hundred feet of galvanized
pipe was used in this job sizes ranging from 2 inch to
f inc
One Demorest cistern and service box in water closet
on third floor center building
Eighty feet of 2 inch pipe has been replaced in air
duct
Sixty pendants have been made for Male Convalescent
Building
A new boiler house 32x37J with stack 71 feet high has
been built for building for convalescent males 110 thou
sand brick and 5500 feet of lumber Avere used in this job
Two automatic flushing tanks in attic over seventh
male and female wards
seavees
During the year the following sewers have been laid
1530 feet of 18 inch pipe 1660 feet of 12 inch pipe
400 feet of 15 inch pipe 490 feet of 8 inch pipe 500
feet of 6 inch pipe 335 feet of 4 inch pipe This has
extended the main sewer 1600 feet and put its outlet into
the woods at the south of the institution The sewerage
for the male convalescent building and connecting the
sewerage from the male side of the institution with the
main sewer is included in the above
BOOFING
421 5100 squares of tin roof has been put on building
erected in 1856 17 51100 squares tin roof on boiler room
of main building Dome to center building has been
given two coats of paint
CAEPENTEY
9 lattice doors 32 tables 26 mosquito frames 36
clothes racks 5 medicine stands 55 shuck mops 20
benches 2 windoAv screens 4 fire screens 98 curtain
strips 20 brackets 8 sick stools 33 sets clothes
shelves 16 floAver boxes 30 sash 6 night watch key

30
State Lunatic Asylum
boxes 1480 pannels of plank fencing 1 chicken house
1 wagon body 9 gates 2 step ladders 3 well curbs
3 sets of steps 1 stairway iu convalescent building
female 2 brick and sewer pipe culverts across avenue
188 bedsteads 3 double shelf tables 3 safes 4 eleva
tors for taking meals from kitchens to top stones 2
book cases 2 troughs
TABULAR STATEMENTS AS TO RECEPTIONS
Table No 1
Showing the Number Admitted During the Year and
Their Respective Ages at the Time of Admission
MALE I FEMALE
Under 15 years
5 to 20 years
20 to 25
25 to 30
30 to 35
35 to 40
40 to 45
45 to 50
50 to 60
60 to 70
70 to 80
80 to 90
Total
Unknown
1
14
23
22
22
29
20
11
24
21
1
2
190
00
14
13
28
24
22
21
18
21
14
3
3
total
181
1
28
36
50
46
51
41
29
45
35
4
5
371
20
391Superintendents Eepoet
31
Table No 2
Showing the Duration op Insanity Before Admission
1 i IALE FEMALE TOTAL
to 3 months 47 37 84
3 to G 12 15 27
6 to 9 10 27 37
9 to 12 4 2 6
12 to 18 26 12 38
18 months to 2 years 1 2 3
2 years to 3 19 19 38
3 to 4 8 14 22
4 to 5 10 5 15
5 to 6 6 5 11
6 to 8 3 3 6
8 to 10 O O 2 5
10 to 12 5 3 8
12 to 14 0 2 2
14 to 20 7 4 11
20 to 30 2 7 9
30 to 40 0 3 Q O
Total 163 162 325
Unki lown 66
39132
State Lunatic Asylum
Table No 3
Occupation of Those Admitted During the Yeae
Butchers 1
Brick Masons 3
Book Binders 1
Bakers 1
Book Keepers 3
Bailiffs 1
Carpenters 3
Clerks 5
Carriage Trimmers 1
Cigar Makers 1
Cooks 5
Druggists
Dentists 2
Draymen 2
Dress Makers 2
Farmers80
Farm Hands52
Factory Hands 3
House Wives65
House Duties2fi
House Servants 5
Total
Gin Makers 1
Jewellers 1
Lawyers 3
Law Students 1
Laborers 20
Merchants6
Machinists 2
Physicians 4
Printers1
Photographers1
Pilots1
Nurses 1
Porters 1
Railroad Conductors2
Railroad Laborers 1
Stone Cutters 1
Teachers 5
Traders 1
Washers 2
Wagon Drivers 1
319
Unknown72
391
Table No 4
Civil Condition of those Received During the Year
Married176
Single120
Widowed 46
Unknown 49
391Superintendents Kepoet
33
Table No 5
Homicidal and Suicidal Received During the Yeae
Homicidal24
Suicidal33
Homicidal and Suicidal 2
59
Table No 6
Cause or Supposed Cause of Insanity of those Eeceiyed
During the Year
Alcoholism
Alcoholism Syphilis
Alcoholism Opium
Attack of Apoplexy
Attack of Fever
Blow to the Head
Change of Life
Childbirth
Consanguinity
Death of Husband
Death of Sister
Death of Child
Death of Father
Death of Wife
Death of Son
Disappointed Affections
Domestic Trouble
Disappointment
Epilepsy
Excessive Venery
Fracture of Skull
Financial Trouble
27
2
2
1
3
7
4
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
9
1
20
1
2
3
Fright 1
Hereditary Tendeucj 56
111 Health33
Imbecility 3
Jealousy 4
Killing a Man 1
Loss of Property 1
Loss of Position 1
Menstrual Derangement 11
Masturbation 7
Nervous Dyspepsia 1
Overworked 4
Overtaxed mind1
Opium Habit 3
Paralysis 3
Pecuniary Loss 2
Religious Excitement 9
Sun Stroke 1
Senility 5
Syphilis 3
Typhoid Fever 4
Uterine Trouble 7
Total263
Unknown128
391

34
State Lunatic Asylum
FINANCES
By reference to the report of the Steward it will be
seen that the finances of the Institution hare been man
aged with strict economy and by reference to Table G
giving the expenses of many other Institutions in the
United States it will bo found that there are but few
that are managed with more economy and I think none
receiving the same class of patients that we do
ESTIMATE FOB SUPTOBT FOE 18S7 AND 1888
You will see from the report of the Steward that we
ask for no increase of the appropriations for the support
and maintenance of the Institution for the years 1887
and 1888 He simply asks that the same appropriations
be made that is one hundred and seventyfive thousand
dollars for each year I think it more than probable that
we will have from thirteen to fourteen hundred patients
for the years 1887 and 1888 This estimate we think will
be sufficient unless the cost of supplies c should ad
vance This estimate is based upon a low per capita
per diem and upon the hope that supplies etc will not
advance in price
ACKNOWLEDGEMEMTS
I desire to express my thanks and that of the patients
to the proprietors and publishers of the following news
papers which they have so kindly and graciously sent this
institution
Wesleyan Christian Advocate 3 copies weekly Sunny
South 2 copies weekly Hamilton Journal 1 copy
weekly Albany News Advertiser 1 copy weekly
Dublin Gazette 1 copy weekly Union Recorder 1
copy weekly Sparta Islmiaelite 1 copy weekly Augus
ta Chronicle 1 copy daily and weekly Southern Presby
terian 1 copy weekly Hawkinsvillo News 1 copy
weekly Eome Courier 1 copjr daily Macon Telegraph
1 copy daily Savannah News 1 copy daily Jessup
Sentinel 1 copy weekly Sumter Republican 1 copy
weekly Helping Hand 1 copy weekly Early County
News 1 copy weekly Valdosta Times 1 copy weekly
Eatonton Messenger 1 copy weekly Southerner Ap
peal 1 copy weekly Blakely News 1 copy weekly
Dublin Post 1 copy weekly Wrightsville Recorder
1 copy weekly
Our thanks are due and hereby tendered Col Wm
Barnes of San Francisco for a lecture and musical en
tertainment also Col Richard M Johnson of Balti
more for readings MrBobt Adams and Eev B W An
derson for a number of readings and to the Misses Hunter
for entertainment These lectures c were highly ap
preciated by the patients To Mrs Mullally of Sparta
Ga Mr P J Clme Mr Lummus from Juniper Hon
Seaborn Beese Sparta Ga for papers and periodicals
sent and to all others who have contributed in any way
to the comfort and pleasure of our patients we also
return our thanks
RELIGIOUS SERVICES
Eeligious services have been conducted regularly
bunday and Wednesday evenings by the Eev A J
Beck our chaplain He has also visited the sick when
necessary and buried the dead
CONCLUSION
It gives me pleasure to state that the supervisor at
tendants and employees generally have been faithful in
the discbarge of their duties
I desire to express to my Assistants the medical
stall and all the officers and engineer my sincere thanks
lor their hearty and intelligent cooperation in every effort
to keep the Institution in the best possible condition
and the marked interest they have manifested in the wel
fare and comfort of the patients You gentlemen of the
Soard have my hearty thanks for the kind advice and
hearty cooperation you have always given me in the
management of the affairs of this Institution
With profound gratitude to God for His great mercies
and protection from all danger in the past we commence
the diities ox another year trusting in His wise and merci
ful guidance Bespectfully submitted
T O POWELL Supt c

36
State Lunatic Asylum
APPENDIX
Questions to be Answered by Parties Accompanying
Patients to the Asylum
1 Name
2 Age
3 Nativity
4 Religion
5 Occupation
6 Married or single If female state whether she has ev
er borne children their number and the date of last birth
7 Natural dispositionIHas the patient exhibited any ec
centricity of mind disposition or temper before the present at
tack
8 When did the first symptoms of insanity appear and how
were they manifested
9 Number duration and character of previous attacks it
any Was the patient ever suicidal and in what manner or
had a homicidal propensity or a disposition to be violent de
structive or filthy
10 Ts there any physical disease or derangement
ill Have any of the patients relations been insane if so
who of them
12 What is the cause of this or previous attacks
13 Is the patient addicted to the use of tobacco or spirituous
liquors or opium If so to what extent
14 Has the patient ever received an injury of the head
15 Does the patient sleep and eat satisfactorily
16 Is the patient disposed to do mischief with fire
17 What treatment or confinement has been employed
18 Give the name of the person or parties to be addressed
in his or her case
CLOTHING
Each patient should be provided with at least two full suits of
clothing
Knives and jewelry should be left at home
REPORT OF STEWARD
I
STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM
Near Milledgeville Ga October 1st 1886
T 0 POWELL M D Superintendent Etc
Sir I have the honor to transmit through you to
the Board of Trustees this my report as Steward em
bracing the period from the 1st of October 1885 to the
1st of October 1886 Abstract A shows the amount
brought forward from last year the amount drawn by
requisition under your approval as well as that of the
Board of Trustees for support and maintenance of the
Asylum together with a classified statement of disburse
ments also the balance on hand to be carried forward to
October 1st 1886
Abstract B shows the balance brought forward from last
year the amount disbursed and the amount drawn from
the State Treasury of the special appropriations for en
larging the asylum which closes the special appropria
tion account in full
Abstract C shows the expenditures in detail for put
ting new tin roof on main building and wings of same
Abstract D shows amount expended on extraordinary
repairs paid out of the amount set aside by Board of
Trustees for said purpose all of which amount has been
expended
Abstract E shows the requisitions drawn from State
Treasury for support and maintenance of the institution
in theij regular order by number and month From this
abstract you will readily see at a glance that we have
undrawn in State Treasury the months of August and
September 14583 33100 each making 29166 66100
together with the balance of 9870 49100 in hands of
Asylum Treasurer aggregating 39037 15100
Abstract F shows the average number of patients in
the institution from asylum years 1873 to 1886 both in
cluded together with the per capita cost both per diem
and per annum
Abstract G shows the yearly cost per capita of main
taining patients in a large number of similar institutions
in the United States

38
State Lunatic Asylum
Abstract H shows cost of keeping one patient for one
year one month one week one day
Abstract I shows statement of stock cattle wagons
c on hand 1st October 1886
I cannot close this report without calling your atten
tion to the often discussed question of a good supply of
water But for the heavy rains in the spring and early
summer thereby enabling us to pump with more regu
larity from the creek we would have been put to serious
inconvenience in procuring a sufficient supply Wo have
had a large amount of fencing and other putside work
done which will be shown up in proper place
Abstract A shows that our Treasurer Mr T T Wind
sor has cash on hand amounting to 9870 49100
Our store keeper Mr A H Bice has goods on hand
amounting to 3226 33100 paid for
Our apothecary Mr P A West reports stock of
drugs medicines c on hand paid for amounting to
2026 66100
The cost of support and maintenance of the institution
for the years 1887 and 1888 I estimate at 817500000
per annum While the most rigid economy is practiced
in the management of the finances it will be seen that
but for the low price of provisions for the past year our
expenses would have been larger thereby increasing our
per capita This estimate of 17500000 per annum is
made upon a basis of present cost of labor supplies c
I am Very Eespectfully
LUCIUS J LAMAK
StewardABSTRACTS
Absteact A
Statement of LUCIUS J LAMAR Steward Lunatic Asylum showing balance
brought forward from last fiscal year and all money received and a classified
statement of Disbursements from the 1st of October 1885 to 1st of October 1886
1885 Cash Dr
Oct 1 To Cash on hand a gns oq
1886
Sept 30 To Cash drawn from State Treasury 175000 00
178208 28
1886
Oct 1
E E
Cash cr
By cash for subsistence 52104 66
By cash for clothing 13412 37
By cash for fuel and transportation 19470 00
By cash for salaries 13764 86
By cash for wages 43l70 62
By cash for ordinary repairs 5715 47
By cash for medical supplies 3311 53
By cash for stationery and postage 352 29
By cash for contingencies 1343 64
is w 152345 44
By cash for extraordinary repairs 15992 35
168337 79
By cash with Asylum Treasurer 9870 49
178208 28
Abstbact B
Statement of LUCIUS J LAMAR Steward State Lunatic Asylum of the Special
Appropriation for enlarging the Lunatic Asylum and for other purposes there
in mentioned Acts approved Uh September 1881 and Uh September 1SS3 from
October 1 1885 to October 1st 1886
1885 Cash Dr7
Oct 1 To cash brought forward s 104 no
1886
Oct 1 To cash drawn from State Treasury 5375 53
8499 62
1886 Cash cT
Oct 1 By cash expended on Convalescent Wards 8 499 62
E E
40
State Lunatic Asylum
Abstract C
Statement of LUCIUS J LAMAR Steward Stale Lunatic Asylum of the Special
Appropriation for pulling on new roof on the main building Act approved
October 17 1886 Expenditures for same in detail
1886 Cash April 28 To amount appropriated Be 3000 00
188G Cash Cb
TO WHOM PAID WHAT FOB AMOUNT
May 15 22 29 6 12 19 22 26 3 5 10 21 24 4 5 5 21 S 4 50
3 75
i i i 4 50
4 50
4 50
t It u 4 50
ti Red 0 Oil Mfg Co Oil 48 23
i Labor 3 00
July Anthony Butler J A Orme Co 4 12
1360 00
m 4 50
J A Orme Co Roohnsj 1860 00 4 50
Aug Foster McMillan Brick 3 62
T C Burke Cement 8 50
W HHBarnes Rooflny 163 14
Lumber 14 14

S 3000 00
E E

Abstracts
41
Abstract D
Bliowing in detail the Expenditures of Extraordinary Repairs chargeable to the
amount set aside by the Board of Trustees for said account
1385
Oct 21
Nov 4
Dec
11
28
2
3
4
12
19
24
18SG
TO rilOH PAID
Foster McMillan
Payne Willingham
VV C Vosburgh Mfg Co
T O Brown contractor
W S Richards Co
J fuss architect
W H H Barnes
Stevens Bros Co
Payne Willingham
S B Woodward
FussHands
Foster McMillan
L A Chapman
Fuss Hands
WHAT FOE
W H H Barnes
Feb
Jan 2 DeSaussures hands
4 Jackson Tyler
Johnson Lane
L A Chapman
DeSaussures Hands
W H H Barnes
DeSaussures Hands
Foster McMillan
DeSaussures Hands
Stevens Bros Co
W H H Barnes
GT Whilden
DeSaussures Hands
Pan coast Maule
BDavis Son
A E Boardman
DeSaussures Hands
T H McAllister
H E Hendrix
W H HBarnes
DeSaussures Hands
E ADemore
Chewaela Lime Works
2GCA Eobbe
27 DeSaussures Hands
March 5 Jackson Tyler
Stevens Bros Co
J A Orme Co
Pancoast Maule
Foster McMillan
GT Whilden
DeSaussures Hands
8
22
23
29
30
3
6
11
13
18
19
20
24
Brick
Furniture
Gas Fixtures
Extra Work
Elevators
Services
Lumber
Pipe
Furniture
Painting
Labor
Brick
Lime
Labor
Lumber
6
13
15
20
27
G H Waring
DeSaussures HandsI Labor
W H H BarnesLumber
DeSaussures HandsLabor
Labor
Wire
iron
Lime
Labor
Lumber
Labor
Brick
Labor
Pipe
Lumber
Sand
Labor
Pipe
H W Heater
Extra Work
Labor
Magic Lantern
Cotton
Lumber
Labor
Ventilators
Lime
Heating
Labor
Pipe
Pipe
Bath Tubs
Pipe
Brick
Sand
Labor
Labor
Cement
45 50
219 49
60 04
363 65
221 32
57 00
49 77
191 12
17 00
18 50
45 97
14 30
52 50
42 72
23 75
46 50
50 00
58 05
31 70
10 54
38 50
66 73
1S1 17
104 15
181 25
134 00
76 40
78 30
13 50
127 65
172 44
320 00
667 40
154 05
63 75
279 68
14 40
169 75
24 50
70 40
1969 38
143 20
46 19
646 50
40 00
39 86
7 25
10 80
75 55
45 55
22 50
29 20
12 26
26 20
42
State Lunatic Asylum
Abstract DContinued
188C
March
April
May
June
July
TO WHOM PAID
Aug
Sept
7
12
16
17
19
23
24
11
13
17
21
26
11
14
21
23
3
15
20
24
26
6
7
16
24
16
WUAl FOB
C A KobbeHeating
Stevens Bros CoPipe
Bramhall Deano CoKFurniture
DeSaussures Hands Labor
G B Lombard CoBoiler
DeSaussures HandsLabor
P J Cline CoCarpet
DeSaussures HandsLabor
C C Stratton CoBrick
T C BurkeCement
W H H BarnesLumber
Henry BrogsdalcFencing
P H SnookFurniture
Fred J MyersWire
T T WindsorFurniture
C C Stratton CoBrick
G B Lombard CoGuapte
Henry BrogsdaleFencing
W H H BarnesLumber
C A BobbeHeating
McBride CoFurniture
Payne Willingbam
C A BobbeExtra work
Stevens Bros CoPipe
T C BurkeCement
Foster McMillanBrick
Brunswick Balke Colld Co BilliardFists
Bogart HammondCotton
L W DavidsonChromos
P H SnookFurniture
0 E PaceCotton
T L McComb CoTickin
Linsday MorganMoss
C L Jackson CoPipe
Chattanooga F P Works
C A Kobbe
Stevens Bros Co
W H H Barnes
J W Lingold
C W Farell
D E McSherry Co
J W Lingold
1 Y Lingold
Citv CouncilTime Detector
T T WindsorGrates
Southern Wire WorksWire Guard
W P BakerTelephone
Heating
Pipe
Lumber
Post
Fencing
Gates
Post
AMOUNT
2080 00
234 60
403 00
33 30
513 40
18 20
30 75
58 50
76 80
9 00
116 06
26 00
1485 00
2160
100 59
36 50
10 80
11 20
29 64
760 00
37 25
34 00
115 86
47 52
8 50
42 75
88 05
140 34
16 50
25 83
38 90
55 40
104 64
22 09
145 91
760 00
125 00
103 68
30 40
10 50
72 00
14 25
25 00
75 00
25 00
n 16
60 00
15992 35
E EAbstracts
43
Abstract E
Showing Requisitions Drawn on State Treasury on Account of Support and Main
tenance of State Lunatic Asylum from October 1st 1S85 to October 1st 18S0
18857
Oct 27
Nov 23
Deo 21
1886
Jan 20
Feb 20
Mcb 4
Moh 30
May 20
June 21
July 20
Aug 20
Sept 20
E E
To 8th requisition appro for August 183514583 33
lo 9th requisition appro for Sept 1885 14583 33
To 10th requisition appro for Oct 1885 14583 33
To 11th requisition appro for Nov 1885 14583 33
To 12th requisition appro for Dee 1885 14583 33
To 1st requisition appro for Jan 1880 14583 33
To 2nd requisition appro for Feb 1886 14583 33
To 3rd requisition appro for Mch 1886 14583 33
lo 4th requisition appro for April 1886 14583 33
To 5th requisition appro for May 1886 14583 33
To 0th requisition appro for June 1886 14583 33
To 7th requisition appro for July 1886 14583 37
175000 00
Abstract F
Showing the Average Number of Patients in this Institution the Per Capita Per
Diem and the Per Capita Per Annum for the Past Fourteen Years from 1S73
to 1886 Inclusive
YEAR
1873
1874
1875
1870
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
Average
Number of
Patients
550
550
600
600
638
725
748
820
886
942
1005
1179
1232
1237
Cost
Per Capita
Per Diem
52ic
ma
37ie
37c
36 63100e
34 55100c
32 910c
35 64lOOc
33 9lOc
38fe
33 310c
34fc
34 18lOOc
33Jo
Cost
Per Capita
Per Annum
190 70
177 36
130 80
137 77
133 70
120 11
120 10
130 09
123 74
140 98
121 46
120 90
124 70
123 19
NoteIn all of the above years except 1883 1884 1885
and 1880 extrordmary repairs were included in both the per
capita per diem and per annum not properly chargeable to it
which if subtracted would reduce them still lower

44
State Lunatic Asylum
Abstract Q
Shows Yearly Cost Per Capita of Maintaining Patients in Various Insane
As1
State
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Location
no OF
PATIENTS
Connecticut
Dist of Columbia
Georgia
Iowa
Tuscaloosa
Little Rock
Napa
Stockton
Middletown
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Massachusetts
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Milledgeville
Mt Pleasant
Independence
Anna
Jacksonville
Kankakee
Chicago
Elgin
Indianapolis
Ossawatomie
Topeka
Anchorage
Hopkinsville
Lexington
Jackson
Augusta
Worcester Chronic
Acute
Danvers
Taunt on
Northampton
Boston McLean Asylum
Boston
Cantonsvillle
Kalamazoo
Pontiac
St Peters
Rochester
Jackson
Fulton
St Joseph
St Louis
Lincoln
Concord
Trenton
Morristown
Auburn Criminal
Buffalo
Middletown
Willard
Utica
Bloomingdale
Poughkeepsie
amt
564 150 00
245 196 75
149 65
150 06
177 48
274 71
123 19
190 53
212 83
178 10
178 73
243 84
202 10
207 39
177 02
202 74
274 38
224 09
151 46
224 20
272 47
228 95
155 48
193 21
198 32
180 65
166 48
838 56
277 68
201 02
223 74
218 26
199 59
179 15
138 45
235 51
322 34
165 00
162 62
275 19
237 69
258 01
195 99
248 20
414 56
150 27
292 44
758 33
332 80
1209
1190
946
1173
1237
488
633
570
629
308
437
525
1207
453
128
544
564
583
467
474
391
765
705
659
476
160
196
409
768
628
693
350
428
503
266
492
172
311
654
790
152
240
250
1835
613
256
350
Abstracts
45
Shows Yearly
Asylmns
Abstract GContinued
Cost Per Capita of Maintaining Patients in Various Insane
State
North Carolina
Ohio
Location
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Raleigh
Morganton
Goldsboro
Carthage
Cleveland
Athens
Dayton
Columbus
Newburgh
Salem
Philadelphia
Friends
Norristown
Harrisburg
Dixmont
Danville
Warren
Providence
Columbia
Nashville
Austin
Brattleboro
Williamsburgh
Richmond
Staunton
Weston
Madison
Winnebago
Milwaukee
NO OF
PATIENTS
254
182
93
685
635
625
597
902
300
340
385
95
622
431
510
36
453
188
630
400
500
443
434
412
637
087
469
589
806
amt
217 80
215 00
176 92
147 64
168 64
204 36
179 68
235 71
224 64
155 61
476 24
669 00
198 53
230 57
240 88
204 70
232 43
443 56
146 96
173 68
263 56
198 75
187 92
130 82
139 98
114 23
109 02
198 82
204 60
Abstract H
Statement Showing Cost of Keeping one Patient by Year Month Week and Day
For one year7123 19
For one month q 13
For one week g 33
For one day 33a

46
State Lunatic Asylum
Abstract I
Statement Showing Stock Cattle Wagons etc
hand October 1st 1886
on
Mules20
Horses 2
Carriage and Harness 1
Spring wagon harness 1
Two Horse Wagons and
Harness 5
Two Horse Wagons old 2
One Horse Wagon old 1
Dump Carts and Harness 4
Ox Carts 3
Hearse
Plow Stocks and Gear
Shovels14
Picks 8
Axes 2
Weeding Hoes 2
Milch Cows30
Calves24
Heifers23
Steers 5
Work Oxen 3
Bulls 2
Hogs and Pigs143
Very Respectfully c
GEO W HOLLINSHEAD
Assistant Steward
INVENTORY OF MACHINES AND TOOLS
OCTOBER 1st 1886
One Verticle Engine 11x18
One Horizontal Engine 10x20
One File Pump Duplex Worthington 10x12
Three Boiler Feeders Worthington old 6x9
One Boiler Feeder Knowles 4x6
One Boiler Feeder Cameron 3x6
One Water Works Pump Cameron 14x7x24
One Water Works Pump Worthington Duplex 14x7x10
BOILERS
Two Fire Box Tubular 40 II P each
Two Lowes Pat Tubular 40 II P each
Three Return Tubular 40 II P each
One Return Tubular 35 H P
Two Return Tubular 30 H P each
One Return Tubular 25 H P
One Vertical Tubular 30 H P
One Cylindrical 7 11 P
Two Return Tubular 50 II P each
Two Return Tubular 75 H P each
IInventory op Machines and Tools
47
IKON AND WOOD WOKKING TOOLS
One Screw Cutting Engine Lathe Swing 24 inch turn 7 feet R innhoa
Three pair Pipe Stocks
S Teamng Machine with dies taps from to 2 Inch es
9 bolt arlverl gas ttez8 blowpiP9
9 lathe Wa 1 Kas burner pliers
fflsw plates Ker
MSSumt chisels eauK 5fflg
1 auril 175 lbs
1 bellows
1 bellows old
225 lbs swage block
22 firmer chisels
14 framing chisels
2 paring chisels
3 paring gouges
36 auger bitts
6 iron stock planes
6 wood stock pianos
1134 match planes
2 match planes
C hand saws
1 framing saw
10 twist drills
2 counter sinks
3 brace screw drivers
3 hand screw drivers
2 iron bit braces
2 oil stones
1 extension bit
3 hand axes
2 hatchets
2 framing squares
1 bevel
6 augers
1 BLACKSMITH SHOP
87 lbs tongs
96 lbs assorted tools
1 sledge
1 box horse shoeing tools
CAKPENTERS TOOLS
1 boring machins
5 boring machine augers
3 hollow augers
2 drawing knives
1 saw set
2 try squares
4 iron hand clamps
1 pair dividers
2 door clamps
1 hand mitre machine
1 spike maul
1 Ironbound tool chest
3 bench vises
3 hand hammers
1 bead plane
1 universal T square
1 tennon saw
1 axe
1 broad axe
1 wood rasp
1 guifge scratch
1 foot adz
1 pony planing machine
3 sets of bitts for same
1 cutter head
1 cast iron wrench
1 pony matching machine
4 cutter heads and 18 bitts
2 cast iron wrenches
1 foot morticing machine
4 bitts old
1 cast iron wrench
1 sticking machine
3 cutter heads
30 pairs of bitts
2 cast iron wrenches
WOOD WOKKING MACHINES
1 tennoning machine
2 cutter heads
1 cope cutter head
8 bitts for same
1 emory grind machine
4 emory wheels
1 universal saw table
8 circular saws
1 scroll saw table
12 scroll saw blades
1 cast iron wrench
1 picket cutting mac ine
5 turning chisels48
State Lunatic Asylum
GAS WORKS
1 iron wheelbarrow
1 long handle shovel
1 short handle shovel
1 short handle coal scoop
1 trowel
1 coal screen
1 set of patching tools
BOILER ROOMS
11 L II shovels
4 coal screens
3 wheel barrows
1 hcse reel
500 feet rubber hose
1 extension ladder
2 wheel barrows iron
3 axes
FIRE DEPARTMENT
36 rubber buckets
1 reflecting lantern
1 axe
LAUNDRY
2 Brown double cylinder washing 1 centrifugal wringer
machines 1 starch boiler steam
1 steam mangle 1 rotary clothes drying machine
KITCHENS
10 iron steam jacketed kettles 3
G copper steam jacketed coffee kettles3
3 copper steam jacketed tea kettles a
4 copper steamers
4 iron double bottom steamers
4 Deanes vegetable steamers
2 steam roasters
1 steam broiler
1 3 foot broiler
1 2 foot broiler
112 foot double fire range
1 9 foot double lire range
1 5 foot single fire range
2 6 foot single fire range
13 double leaf tables
briek ovens
sinks in scullery
sinks in kitchens
sinks in vegetable washing room
Berryman water heaters
1400 gallon water tank
steam power coffee mill
hand power coffee mill
hand power spice mill
hand power chopping machine
pair platform scales
pair balance scales
bread tables
pastry table
safes
STEAM BAKERY
1 cracker and biscuit machine
1 dough mixer
1 dough brake
1 safe
1 brick oven
2 tables
MASONS TOOLS
1 sand screen
1 long handle shovel
1 short handle shovel
1 hoe
THRESHING
1 separator
1 thrashing machine old
2 brick chisels
1 hammer
1 pick
2 pointing tools
DEPARTMENT
1 grain fan old
9 shovels
10 picks
DITCHING TOOLS
1 mattock
1 axe

Bepobt op Stobe Keeper
49
REPORT OF STORE KEEPER
o
GEOEGIA STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM
Near Milledgeville Ga
October 1st 1886
Me L J Lamar Steward
Herein find consolidated statement of issues from my
office from October 1st 1885 to October 1st 1886 I
3226 S n W and Paid fr 0ctober 1V 1886
In closing my report I would state that the following
sues were raised at the Institution 44S6 pounds of
4 553 E0is7aSlUn G SMil
felfsuStS 501 ChlCkenS AU f wMch is W
A H EICE Store Keeper
Consolidated Issues to White Female Wards
Aprons No
Blankets Prs
Bowls No 42
Brooms No536
Bedticks No172
Bonnets No121
Buckets tin No 36
Bucketsfilter No116
Brushes hair Jso 37
Brushes scrub No 5
BrushesT No 3
Brushes W W No 16
166 Curtains No
616 Coffee Pots No
Cups and SaueersNo761
Clocks No 5
Chairs No 33
Chairs rockers No 46
Cards playg packs 6
Candle Sticks No 78
Castor Sets No 4
Cloth oil table
No yards118X
Corsets No 2
Books blank No 39 Carvers No
Bread Trays No 4 Capes No
Bedsteads 64 Dishes No 1
Bed Spreads No 208 Drawers No 29fi
Blacking Boxes No 4 Dippers No131
Brushes Shoe No
Brooms whisk No
Buttons No Cards
Buttons No Boxes
Camphor Guru lbs
Collars No
Combs coarse No 295
Combs fine No 185
Combs round No
Combs tuek No
Chemise
Dresses calico No791
Dresses homespun s
No 747
Dresses strong No 46
Dishes butter No 2
pishes covered No 4
Dishes sugar No 2
fans No 104
I jGowns No 288
17 Gohlets No 31
N49i IHandkerchiefs
Chambers 40JHoseNo prs1599
6 I Hats No S3
64 Inkindelible Noioz 23
Jugs No o
Knives Forks No 35
Lanterns No 1
Locks safe No 4
Lamp Wicks No 3i
Mattresses No 2
Mosquito Bars No
Mirrors No 13
Needles No papers is
Plates No 444
2 Plates tin No fiq
17 Pencils No 17
Bans mess No 30
Bans wash No 296
Pitchers No 89
Pictures No jg
Pins No papersEaOl
Pins hair No bun 76
Pillow Cases No 561
Pillowticks No 50
Pens No 10
PenStaffs No 2
Pans dust No32
Shirting No yds 36
Scissors Prs is
Sheets No 258
Sheets oil NoEiil 55

State Lunatic Asylum
Consolidated Issues to White Female
Shoes Prs950
Shoe strings prs 1260
Slippers pre145
Skirts under No 227
Sadirons prs 2
ShirtsunderNo 403
Spoons No482
Saccjues No 65
Shawls NoIll
Sofas No 2
Spectacles prs 20
Soap toilet cakes 1932
Saltcellars No 10
Thread knitting No 1
Table covers No 14
Tacks papers No 37
Towels No455
Thimbles No274
Wards Continued
Tumblers No107
Tubs foot No43
Tables No 14
Teapots No 3
Thread spool No 274
Thread ball No 42
Waiters No 2
Washstands24
Waist under No 8
Consolidated Issues to White Male Wards
Aprons No22
Axes No 1
Blankets prs402
BedticksNo154
Blankets prs qltd 1
Bowls NoG4
Brooms No349
Bedsteads No40
Buckets water No100
Buckets tin No 28
Brushes whisk No 18
Brushes hair No Gj
Brushes scrub No 69
Brushes tooth No
BrushesW W No 140
Bells door No
Books Blank No 14
Bedspreads No 319
Blacking boxes No 171
Brushes shoe No 34
Brushes shaving 24
Buttons boxes No 6
Buttons cards No 2
Brushes dustg No 3
Coats No826
Combs coarse No 100
Combs line No 27
Chambers No65
Coffeepots No25
Carvers No 8
Cups saucers No292
Cups tin No191
Clocks No 3
Caps No16
Cards playing pks 28
Candlesticks No 36
Cloth oil table yds 89
Curtains No 41
Camphorgum lbs 10
Castors sets No 10
Calico yds 5
Dishes No 24
Drawers prs936
Dippers No116
Dishes sugar No 13
Dresses strong No 34
Dishes covered No 13
Demijohns No 1
Fans No 87
Goblets No86
Handkerchiefs No 99
Bats No635
Ink indelible oz 65
Jugs No 1
Knives forks No 88
Locks safe No 8
Lanterns No 1
Lamp wicks No 32
Leather sole lbs5
Mattresses No152
Mirrors No 5
Needles papers No 4
Pillowcases No942
Plates No275
Plates tin No25
Pencils No13
Pans mess No 29
Pans wash No385
Pitchers No81
Pants prs1374
PenstatTs No 3
Pens No 5
Pipes No11
Pillowticks No 22
Pitchers syrup No 13
Razors No19
Razorstraps No 27
Shirts No1353
Sheets No1072
Sheets oil No46
Shoes prs635
Slippers prs 88
Shoo strings prs 951
Spectacles prs 21
Suspendeis prs733
Socks prs1823
Scissors prs 13
Shirts under No209
Spoons No333
Soap toilet cakes 989
Spittoons No24
Soap stands No36
Salt cellars No 31
Tacks papers No 23
Towels No507
Tumblers No89
Tubs foot No49
Trays bread No11
Thimbles No 2
Thread ball No 3
Threadspool No 34
Vests No191
Waiters No 6

ESTo Colored Female Wards
Aprons No 9
Brooms No 131
Buckets water No 73
Su2s P No 11 DressesroallcoNo
9 Curtail No12Sheets No134
Dishes No
Drawers prs
Bedtieks No 19a
Buttons boxes No 10
Blankets prs249
Brushes W v No 54
Boards wash No 12
Bedsteads No 20
Bonnets No 14
Boobs blank No 1
Buttons cards No 3
Carvers No1
Combs coarse No51
2
14
3
Dippers No53
Dresses homespun 239
Dresses strong No 20
Jugs No 1
Knitting needles sets 1
Lanterns2
Lamp wicks No ido
Needles papers No28
Plates No 12
Plates tin No 3S8
Pans mess No
Coffeepots No15 Panswashnm
Chemise No109 Pitchers No 3
HnVNxi 054 Pillowcases No io4
rnHifGN Nr20 Pins hair bunches 1
Candlesticks ho 24 PUlowticks No 73
table yds lolPad Locks No 2
Cloth
Sheets oil No 1
Shoes prs292
Shoestrings prs 2
Skirts under No 100
Spoons No 127
Stockings prs344
Scissors prs 3
Sadirons No 18
Slippers prs9
Sacques No 1
Sheeting yds 44
Tumblers No 24
Trays bread No 2
Thread ball lbs28
Thread spool No 24
Tubs wash No 8
Thimbles No 24
Towels No 14
Thread knitting lbs3
Waists under No 4
Consolidated Issues to ColoredMale Wards
Aprons No2
Axes Noa
Blankets prs 259
Bedtieks No79
BowlsNo6
Brooms No78
Bedsteads No 87
Buckets water No 25
Buckets tin No
Brushes V W No 48
Books blank No 12
1
Sffi Nv17GPans wash No170
r f JC N9 Pitchers No 4
Candlesticks No 8 P
Coats Noiso j
Bugles No
Blacking boxes No 12
Brushes shoe iNo 2
Brushes shaving No 3
Buttons cards No 3
Buttons boxes No 13
Combscoarse No 44
Coffeepots Nol3JPans mess No
Carvers No2
Dishes No 1
Drawers prs 337
Dippers No 4
Dresses strong No2C
Handkerchiefs No 7
Hats No iig
Ink indelible nz 5
Knives forks No l
Locks pad No 4
Lamp wicks No82
Mirrors No 2
Pillowcases No 308
Plates tiniNo 96
Pencils No 21
Pants No497
Pillowticks No131
Bazors No 2
Shirts No1 754
Sheets No234
Sheets oil No 5
Shoos prs356
Shoestrings No 24
Spoons No48
Suspenders pairs 236
Socks pairs295
Scissors pairs 1
Shirts under No 37
Thread ball No5
lhread spool No 11
Trays bread No 1
Vests No 14

52
State Lunatic Asylum
Consolidated Issues or Matebial to Matbon
Buttonsboxes No136
Bleaching yds286
Baking pans No 3
Bedticklng yds161
Brooms No1
Checks yds7196
Calico vds9392
Cloth oil yds32
Crash yds1828
Cottonades yds3044
Corsets No13
Collars No31
Drilling yds6507
Dishes berry No 24
Fruit jars No76
Flannel vds700
Goblets No 12
Ink indelible oz6
Jeans yds3960
Knitting needles sets 2
Muslin yds60
Mosquito bars No3
Needles papers No 194
Needles mattress No2
Napkins No24
Osnaburgs yds5107
Pins papers No3
Pique yds60
Plaids yds4
Ruffling yds12
Ribbon yds120
Shirting yds12521
Sheeting yds 13075
Ticking yds1068
Threadspooldz 30356
Thread knitting lbs 4
Thread balls lbs 14
Tacks papers No 2
Thimbles No 2
Twine balls No 13
Towels No12
Issues toFill Physicians Requisitions
EggsNo83311 Lemons No341 I Sugar lbs
4750
Issues fob Picnic
Butter lbs63
Eggs doz 97
Flour lbs392
Icelbs 618
Jars fruit No5
Lemons boies31 Pepper lbs7
Lard lbs22 I Pork lbs918
Muttonlbs1108 Sugar lbs305
Meal lbs192 I Vinegar gals11
Pickles gals80
Issues to Matbon fob Presebvfs and Jellies
Blackberriesbul Whortleberries bu2
Sugar lbs69 Peaches bu4
Applts bu2
Issues of Provisions c
Apples green bu57
Apples dried lbs1018
Bacon lbs112151
Butter lbs15777
Beef lbs297328
Bananas bunches 2
Berries qts428
Coffee lbs22623
Cracker3 lbs440
Chickens No894
Candles lbs4320
Cheese lbs6596
Candy lbs213
Cocoanuts No50
Eggs No 14029
Flour lbs229365
Fish lbs8571
Hominy lbs49327
Hops lbs13
Dates lbs220
Lard lbs14816
Meal lbs140422
Molassesgal2741
Mutton lbs457
Nuts lbs 250
Oranges No1250
Peaches bu41
Pork lbs10455
Pepper lbs463
Potash cs No160
Rice lbs41054
Salt sacks No163
Soap lbs 4580
Soda lbs379
Sugar lbs29030
Starch lbs1349
Svrup gals337
Tbbacjo lbs3836
Tea lbs1018
Turpentine sptsgl 193
Turkeys No43
Vinegar gal479
Issues to Gaeden and Oechaed
Axes No4
Axe handles No4
Back bands No4
Bridles No1
Buckets water No6
Beans seed bu3
Beet seed lb4
Buckets well No2
Cabbage seed lb 3
Cucumber seedlb2
Corn seed bu
Collard seed lb2
Dippers No8
Eggplant seed ozl
Hame string No 8
Hoes No12
deei pins No6
Needles papers No1
Onion sets seed bu 11
Plows No12
Plow stock No4
Potatoes Irseed bis 15
Peas Eng seed bu
Potatoes S seed bu8
Plow lines prs4
Peas cow seed bu 14
Pepper seed oz2
Paint cans No1
Radish seed lbs2
Saddles No1
Saddle Blankets Nol
Squash seed lbs 3
Singletrees No4
Sweeps No2
Scouters No10
Shovels S T No 10
Saddle girts No1
Tomato seed lb 1
Turnip seed lb40
Thread spool No 1
Trace chains No1
Wedges No3
Watering pot No1
ViTiUxiU
Beport op Store Keeper
Axes No
Alpacca yds
Brushes W Vf No 2
Buckets Water No 2
Issues to Oarpenteb3 Department
Brooms No7 Sad irons No
Bits auger No 0Ribbon yds 2
e8 No24 Shirting yds 769
Hammers No2 Trowels No 1
Planes No1
Issues to Laundry
Issues to Dairy Department
Buckets TVVeUNo3 I sWo7 1 Strainer No
Chain Well net Mllk ca18 No Well whirl No
iJTOjBDINAEY AND EXTRAORDINARY REPAIRS
BucketsTin No
Brooms No 3
Buckets waterNo2
Buckets well No8
Butts prs 91
Glass Boxes No 1G
Glass panes No 137
Locks pass No 119
Locks stock No1
Locks safe No 4
Lanterns No1
Bocks pad No 9
Paint Jbs g
Rope well feet 609
Well chain feot199
Well whirl No 2
Varnish galsin
Axes No 1
Brooms No
Belts Leather No 5
Buckets water No 8
Bolts doz 12
Brushes W VNo4
Butts prs 12
Issues to Machine Department
Dippers No3 Oil cloth yds
Hinges prs1
Lamps No 1
Lanterns No
Lamp wicks No
Locks sate No
1
a
6
Leather sole lbs2
Bridles No
Breeching prs 4
Breast straps pr 1
Buckets water No 3
Buckets well No 3
Issues to Farm and Wagon Lot
Collars No
Curry combs NoIs
Hamestriiigs prs 18
Harness set No1
Lines leather prs4
Lines cotton prs3
Rope well feet224
Spades No 1
Shovels No1
Well chain feet85
Buckets water No 3
Cups tinNo 1
Hoes No e
Issues to Grading Department
Heel pinsNoCSpades No
Hamestriiigs No 10 Scouters No
shovelsNo3Sweeps No
3
18
Issues to Apothecary
grooms No 11 Soda lbs
Candlesticks No
Bans tin No
5 1 Tubs foot No 1
1 bugar lbs240 Towels No A
Issues to Assistant Physicians Office
Buckets water No 2
Bowls No 1
Brooms No1
Candlesticks No 2
Dippers No2Towels No 12
piLcl0th ydsT6 Tubs foot No 2
Pans wash No3 Tacks papers No 2
Issues to Superintendents Office
EroomsNo11 ShiNo3TsttinZ3
3V
Pad locks No 2
Pick handleso
Shovels No 4
Sash cord feet 52
iTarn bunches No 1limhiilgt
54
State Lunatic Asylum
CORSOLIDATED ISSUES TO KITCHEN AND BAKERY
Aprons No102
Axes No1
Axe handles No1
Brushes shoe No1
Brushes paint No1
Brushes dust No2
Brooms No10
Brushes W W No 6
Buckets tin No5
Buckets water No 5
Brushes scrub No 3
BeltsNo2
Beef saws No1
Boilers No2
Batter cake turner No 1
Biscuit cutter No1
Cuns tin No8
Coffee pots No9
Uans oil No1
Carver and fork No 4
Cans milk No2
Churn No1
Cups and saucers No 4
Candlestick No 1
Clock No
Dippers No 14
Dishes No4
Fleshfork No1
Griddles No2
Grassblade No 1
Hatchets No1
Knives No4
Lanterns No1
Ladles No1
Muffin pans No3
Measures No
Pans tin No2
Pans wash No2
Pans mess No6
Pitchers No1
Plates No19
Padlocks No2
Pepper mill No1
Plates No4
Boiling pin NoI
Sauce pans No1
Spoons No11
Stove polish pkgs 1
Spiders No1
Sieve No1
Stove pans No33
Trays No2
Towels No2
Clothing and Other Articles Received from Matron
From Oct 1st 1885 to Oct 1st 1836
Aprons No289
Bedticks No055
Bonnets No140
Billiard Covers1
Coats No4
Curtains No140
Chemise No947
Capes No21
Carpets No1
Drawers No
Dresses No
Gowns No
Hose prs
2374
2188
306
9
Pants No2212
Pillow cases No 2170
Pillow ticks No380
Sheets No1679
Skirts under No 860
Shirts No2738
Suspenders prs 1162
Socks prs14
Sacques No72
Shirts under No 23
Towels No1460
Waist uDder No 28

Tbeasueers Kepobt
General Appropriation for Year Ending Odder 1st 1888

THOMAS T WINDSOE Treasurer
In account with State Lunatic Asylum
18857
9C 1 To balance cash on hand 3208 28
Uct 27 To Eequisition 14 583 33
g 26 14583 33
1QQ1 J0OO DO
Jan 22 a koo oq
Ppl 99 140bo oi
eb 2 14583 33
arf 14583 33
4pnl on 14583 33
f 20 14583 33
ne 20 14583 33
iul 20 14583 33
g 20 14583 33
SeP 20 14i583 37
Total178208 28
1886
Oct 1 By expenditures subsistence 52 104 66
jotting 13112 37
1 uei and transportation 19 470 Q0
Salaries 13J64 86
Wages 43170 62
Ordinary repairs 5715 47
Medical supplies 3 311 53
Stationery and postage 352 29
Contingencies 1343 64
extraordinary repairs 15 992 35
18g6 168337 79
Oct 1 Leaving balance on hand this day 9870 49
178208 28

56
State Lunatic Asylum
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION
T T WINDSOR Treasurer
In account with State Lunatic Asylum
1885
Oct 1 To balance on hand3124 09
Nov 19 To Requisition 5375 53
8499 62
Cit
By amountsfpaid on convalescent wards
T O Brown contractor4991 00
T C Basshor Co contractors 1478 00
C A Robbe 2030 62
E e 8499 62
October 1st 1886
T T WINDSOR Treasurer
Special Appkopriation for Roof
Iu account with State Lunatic Asylum
1886
April 30 To Requisition3000 00
Cr
1886
Auk 10 By expenditures on new roof of
asylum building 3000 00
T T Windsor Treasurer
Milledgeville October 1st 1886 E E

Matrons Eeport
57
MATRONS REPOR1
i
STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM
Near Milledgeville Ga October 1st 1886
Dr r O Powell
Superintendent Georgia State Lunatic Asylum
I have the honor to submit the enclosed as my report
tor the year ending October 1st 1886 In addition to
my report I would state that all the repairing has been
done for the Institution and all scraps and remnants
have been used and accounted for through the office of
the store keeper
Eespectfully submitted
MBS J M DAENELL
Clothing and Other Articles Made from October 1st
1885 to October 1st 1886
Aprons No 289 Pillow cases No2170
Pillow ticks No 380
Sheets No1679
Shirts under No 800
Shirts No2738
Suspenders Prs1162
Socks Prs 14
Sacques No 72
Skirts under No 23
Towels No1460
Bedticks No 655
Bonnets No 140
Billiard covers No
Coats No
Curtains No 140
Carpets No 5
Drawers Prs2374
Dresses No2188
Gowns No 306
Hose Prs 9 Waists under No 28
Pants Prs22121
List of Articles Made for Patients Material Sent
from Their Homes from Oct 1st 1885 to Oct 1st 1886
Aprons No 24Gowns No 19
Basques No 4 Pants Prs 2
Bonnets No 1 Skirts under No 23
ChimesesNo 36 Shirts under No 4
Carpets No 1 Sacques No 1
Dresses No 76 Wrappers No 4
Drawers Prs 17
Pickles Preserves c Made by Matron from Oct
1st 1885 to Oct 1st 1886
Canned fruit gals
Jelly glasses
46Preserves gals 16
90jPickles gals 87

Farm and Garden Department

De T O Powell Supt State Lunatic Asylum
Sir I herewith submit my 5th annual report of Farm
and Garden Department embracing the period from
October 1st 1885 to September 30 1886
PBODUCTS OP FABM AND GARDEN
85 bushels spinach 420 bushels turnip salad 1185
bushels of turnips 42 bushels English peas 580 bushels
onions 306 bushels Irish potatoes 76 bushels beets
65 bushels squashes 148 bushels snap beans 162 bushels
butter beans 36 bushels cucumbers 715 bushels field
peas green and dry 21 acres cabbage 150 bushels
dry corn 2400 dozen green corn 4 acres schallots
64 bushels radish 52 bushels okra pepper asparagus
artichokes 1000 bushels sweet potatoes 198 bushels
tomatoes
With no disposition to magnify my own efforts in en
deavoring to make the farm and garden a success or to
make any unnecessary complaint of the weather or any
other causes that have stood in the way of a better re
sult it is well enough to state such facts as relate to the
years work
Taken altogether I remember no year in the past 15 that
has been so unfavorable as this one for the successful growth
of succulent crops such as we mostly grow for this insti
tution A very cold winter a dry spring a wet summer
and a dry autumn presented the acme of adverse condi
tions for successful gardening Our soil is altogether up
landvery thin rocky and rolling and naturally is
about as poor as any soil in this section and it is only
folly to base any expectations of satisfactory results on
its natural fertility It is only through the means of ma
nure properly and liberally applied that good crops can
be secured from it Considering the weather and the
small quantity of manure used our gardens have done
very well this year Our cabbage crop was almost totally60
State Lunatic Asylum
ruined by tho wet weather Our Irish potato crop was cut
off nearly onehalf and the same of tomatoes The fall
drouth has damaged badly our turnip and sweet potato
cropboth being cut off 50 per cent or more We had
in cultivation in garden crops including potatoes corn
and peas about 80 acres on much of which 2 crops have
been grown on some little 3 crops Considering the
area in cultivation and the tediousness involved in the
gathering of these vegetable products most of them the
labor account is certainly very small and indicates faith
ful work on the part of the laborersnot over 5 being
employed during the yearthat is for plowing and culti
vating and carting
Respectfully submitted
SAMUEL A COOK
Farm and Garden Dept
Midway October 2d 188C
I appenda table of rainfall mean temperature highest
and lowest for twelve months past at the asylum
1885
October
November
December
1886
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
480
174
266
731
156
571
129
259
1097
408
554
59
64
53
443
398
445
539
628
714
779
80
80
772
ighest Lowest
78 39
77 28
73 21
69 6
70 13
78 26
86 31
95 43
94 64
95 64
96 62
91 62

ArOTHECARYs KePORT
61
APOTHECARYS REPORT
STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM
Milledgeville Ga October 1st 1886
T O Powell M D Superintendent Etc
Sib I have the honor herewith to submit this my report of
the Apothecary Department for the year commencing October
1st 1885 and ending September 30th 1886 both days inclusive
To amount drugs purchased13 g go
Of this amount we have sold to officers and employees
for which deduction from checks were made and
for which the Apothecary is entitled to credit 399 66
1886
Oct 1 Amount of drugs and medicines on hand1419 24
Surgical instruments and prescription blanks
on hand C07 43
2026 66
No of prescriptions filled during year from October 1st
1885 to October 1st 1886 13 0S3
All of which is most respectfully submitted
P A WEST Apothecary
Chaplains Eeport
63
CHAPLAINS REPORT
Mjlledgeville Ga September 30 188C
Dr T O Powell
Superintendent State Lunatic Asylum
Dear Sir I beg to present herewith my annual report as
chaplain to the institution over which you preside
The duties assigned to my office have been discharged to the
best of my ability Almost without exception the regular
chapel services have been conducted on Wednesday and Sunday
afternoons The exercises have been well attended by the pa
tients and many of them have manifested a gratifying interest
in these seasons of worship The attractiveness of the chapel
services has been largely promoted by the efforts of Mrs P A
West who has acted as organist and in many ways aided inthe
conduct of the music The burial of the dead has been attended
with appropriate services the sick have been visited whenever
deemed advisable by the physician in charge and such other
duties performed as have been required by the superintendent
Very respectfully
A J BECK Chaplain
UHHi
m

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