13 ft K350M5 188566 r itSM REPORTS OP THE GENERAL SJBR OCT 7 1939 I UNIVERSITY OF GH I i Trustees and Officers masM TKv vriTiQr GEORGIA GIFT OF T O 3 LUNATIC ASYLUM OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA From OCTOBER 1st 1885 to 1st OCTOBER 1886 MlLLEDGEVILLE GEORGIA UNION RECORDERBARNES MOORE Printers 1886v 2igBgfMNnUMIIMQaBHBHBBaBBHHMBiBlliMHHH9n0 REPORTS OF THE Trustees Superintendent and Resident Physician AND OTHER OFFICERS OF THE LUNATIC ASYLUM OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Feom OCTOBER 1st 1885 to 1st OCTOBER 1888 MlLLEDGEYILLE GE5RGIA UNION RECORDERBARNES MOORE Printers 1886 HBHHHHHMWHBHHHHHHinHHI Government of the State Lunatic Asylum TRUSTEES T F NEWELL PresidentMilledgeville G A CABANISS VicePresidentForstth W H HALL M DMilledgeville T H LATIMERMilledgeville A T McINTYREThomasville FFICERSi Superintendent and Resident PhysicianDr T O POWELL First Assistant PhysicianDr J M WHITAKER Second Assistant PhysicianDr HARRIS HALL Third Assistant PhysicianDr L M JONES Fourth Assistant PhysicianDr M H ODANIEL ApothecaryMr P A WEST StewardL J LAMAR ESQ Assistant StewardG W HOLLINSHEAD SecretaryFLEMING G GRIEVE ESQ MatronMRS J M DARNELL TreasurerTHOMAS T WINDSOR Esq ChaplainRev A J BECK I REPORT OF TRUSTEES STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM Near Milledgeville Ga October 14th 1886 To His Excellency Henry D McDaniel Governor of Georgia SirIn compliance with the law the Trustees of the Asylum make this their Annual Eeport for the year extending from October 1st 1885 to October 1st 1886 As part of the same they herewith also submit the reports of the Superintendent Steward and other sub ordinate officers which will show in detail the internal workings and expenses of the Institution for the fiscal year The Trustees are glad to report that they are satisfied with the conduct and management of the Institution espe cially in the attention given to the mental or moral treat ment of the patients And now that the male and female convalescent buildings have been finished and occupied giving the medical officers a larger opportunity of classi fying the patients we think the State may look confi dently for even greater improvements in this respeet With the finishing of the male convalescent hall which was occupied last spring were completed the new im provements and additions required by the Act of the Legislature All of which improvements and additions which you will find catalogued in the last report of the Trustees we believe to be a credit to the State and well adapted to the uses and purposes for which they are intended m mmmmmaam State Lunatic Asylum The last Legislature passed an Act amendatory of an Act approved 28th February 1874 which gave great relief to the Institution As amended the body of the Act reads as follows The Board of Trustees of the Lunatic Asylum shall have power upon certifying thereunto of the medical officer of the Institution to discharge or remand to the county authorities whose duty it is made by law to provide for the paupers from which he or she was sent a patient in said Asylum whose condition is such that no probability exists of his or her restoration to full reason or sanity by medical ministrations thereto and who at the same time is regarded harmless and inoffen sive in spirit and whose remission to social life would reasonably involve no danger to the life of those with whom he or she would be associated By the old Act the Board was considerably embar rassed as they were ixnable to find the friends to whom such cases could be remanded But the amended Act making it obligatory upon the county authorities to receive and care for such cases has worked well and in many instances even found the friends whose duty it is to take care of them It has relieved the Institution of one hundred and twentyfive harmless and incurable cases and made room for a like number of violent and curable cases who may be materially benefited and who are proper subjects for the Asylum Besides it has worked wonders in preventing the sending of the harm less and incurable cases with which the Institution would soon again be filled without this restriction By reference to the Stewards report and the tables attached you will observe the improvements made during the year to the property of the Institution It also shows that the cost per capita was thirtythree and three quarter cents per diem Tou will also observe in his report the amount ofEepobt of Trustees expenditures for the year as well as the balance to the credit of the Institution in the State Treasury While we ask for no increase in the appropriation it is the unanimous opinion of the Board that it will require 175000 per annum to support and maintain the Insti tution through 1887 and 1888 Since the last report of the Trustees Col L N Whittle for a long while the honored President of this Board has departed this life He died on the 17th of February 1886 at Macon Georgia aged 68 years Probably the last letter that he ever wrote was about the business of the Asylum and its operations True to the great trust reposed in him by the State his last thoughts were given to finding those methods by which this great charity of the State could be best administered He was ever faithful to his trust and died as he had lived beloved and honored by all who knew him Since our last report too has died another officer whose death was a loss not only to this Institution but to the State as it was through his wise management in a great measure that the present economical rules that now obtain in the Institution were established We refer to John Hammond the late Steward of the Asylum While in the discharge of his duty he was suddenly struck down with paralysis doubtless the result of an over worked brain He died at his home in Midway on November 13th 1885 aged 74 years 1 month and 16 days He was ever faithful and deserved well of the State and should be remembered by her Respectfully submitted T F Newell President G A Cabaniss Vice President W H Hall M D T H Latimee A T McIntybe 6 SUPERINTENDENTS REPORT STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM Near Milledgeville Ga October 1 1886 To the Honorable Board of Trustees Georgia Lunatic Asylum Gentlemen In compliance with the requirements of the law and the rules of the Institution I submit herewith for your consideration the annual report of this Institu tion including the reports of the Steward Treasurer and other officers giving a detailed account of its operations and the movement of its population from October 1 1885 to October 1 1886 On the 1st of October 1885 there were white patients 892 on hand and 345 colored making a total of 1237 There have been received during the year 274 whites and 117 colored making a total reception of 391 There have been discharged removed returned to counties and died during the year of both white and colored 390 leaving on hand 1st October 1886 1238 Tho average number of patients under treatment dur ing the year was 1237 while the whole number receiving treatment was 1628 The following tables will give in detail the movement of both the white and colored Statement in relation to the Number of White Patients during the past Twelve Months or from the 1st of October 1885 to 1st of October 1886 There remained on hand 1st of October 1885892 White Male Lunatics 346 White Male Epileptics 42 White Male Idiots 27415 White Female Lunatics387 White Female Epileptics 47 White Female Idiots 43477892 State Lunatic Asylum There have been received during the year White Males149 White Females125 274 Total number of whites under treatment during the year 1166 Of whom there have been discharged restored100 Removed improved 8 Removed unimproved 2 Eloped 2112 Returned to counties chronic harmless by Act of General Assembly 94206 There have died 72278 Leaving on hand 1st of October 1886 white Patients 888 CLASSIFICATION OF THE WHITES White Male Lunatics353 White Male Epileptics 48 White Male Idiots 15416 White Female Lunatics 412 White Female Epileptics 40 White Female Idiots 20472888 Of the deaths there occurred fourteen 14 from ex hausted mania thirteen 13 from epilepsy seven 7 from marasmus six 6 from consumption four 4 from apoplexy live 5 from old age three 3 from dropsy three 3 from heart disease three 3 from paralysis two 2 from convulsions two 2 from diarrhoea two 2 from chronic diarrhoea one 1 from cancer one 1 from inflammation of the stomach one 1 from anosmia one 1 from pernicious anoemia one 1 from nervous ex haustion one 1 from erysipelas one 1 from conges tion of the kidneys one 1 from chronic exhaustion Statement in relation to the Number of Colored Patients during the past Twelve Months or from the 1st of October 1885 to 1st of October 1886 There remained on hand 1st October 1885345 Colored Male Lunatics121 Colored Male Epileptics 29 Colored Male Idiots 21171 Colored Female Lunatics159 Colored Female Epileptics 11 Colored Female Idiots 4174345Superintendents Report There have been received during the year Colored Males 62 Colored Females 55 117 Total number of colored under treatment during the year 462 Of whom there have been discharged restored 28 Removed improved 533 Returned to counties chronic harmless by Act of General Assembly 28 There have died 51112 Leaving on hand 1st October 1886 Col ored Patients 350 CLASSIFICATION OF THE COLORED Colored Male Lunatics 126 Colored Male Epileptics 30 Colored Male Idiots 10166 Colored Female Lunatics170 Colored Female Epileptics 12 Colored Female Idiots 2184350 Of the deaths there occurred from exhausted mania thirteen 13 consumption eight 8 apoplexy four 4 epilepsy five 5 paralysis three 3 softening of brain two 2 marasmus two 2 chronic diarrhoea two 2 heart disease two 2 old age two 2 dropsy one 1 pneumonia one 1 diarrhoea one 1 convulsions one 1 scrofula one 1 general dropsy one 1 congestion of the brain one 1 continued fever one 1 HEALTH The health of the Institution has been remarkably good By reference to the causes of death it will be seen the sickness was not in any way due to local causes which shows the good sanitary condition of the Asylum We have had under treatment during the year sixteen hundred and twentyeight 1628 patients and when Ave consider the large number of old people and the feeble both mentally and physically which were necessarily fatal cases we think that we have been peculiarly blessed and feel grateful to a merciful Providence for the entire exemption we have enjoyed from all epidem ics or contagious diseases or accidents of any kind and that the Institution in its every department moved so smoothly and quietly on in the discharge of the benevo 10 State Lunatic Asylum lent duty of endeavoring to restore and ameliorate the condition of the afflicted Such duties are of course fraught with much care and mental anxiety RECOVERIES The recoveries for the past year have been all that we could expect when we consider the duration of in sanity in the cases received during the year and when we remember that recovery from insanity bears almost a direct ratio to its duration I might say here but for the late act of the General Assembly remanding back to the counties all harmless and incurable cases that simply need care not treat ment the institution would have long since been over crowded and the demand for room would have been made to relieve the jails throughout the State of the insane We have received all applicants save those coming under the late act hence there has been no ne cessity for keeping any of our insane confined in the jails of the country GRADING The work of grading the grounds in front and around the new buildings has been pushed as fast as it could be done under the circumstances having to rely upon the work of the patients with the assistance of one or two attendants and they have been so frequently called off to do other pressing work there is yet much grading to be done before the grounds are in proper order When completed it will add greatly to the surroundings of the institution and give much comfort and pleasure to the patients and will be an addition to our means of moral treatment especially to the large number that go out daily at will OCCUPATION We have endeavored in every way to give employment to as many of the patients as possible so far as compati ble with their condition and the means at our command There have been quite a large number employed in vari ous ways about the institution In my judgment there is nothing so essential to the insane generally as judi cious employment It produces contentment and im proves mental and physical healthSuPEBINTENDENTS PiErOET 11 AMUSEMENTS The variety of amusements that we have had regularly during the year has exerted a most healthful and ameliorating influence on our afflicted charge It not only breaks the monotony of asylum life but it dispels morbid ideas or thoughts brings light and cheer to the gloomy and despondent adds also much to their content ment happiness and improvement It like occupation is indispensable in the treatment of the insane nd its Si of In compliance with a resolution of the Senate and House of Eepresentatives I herewith submit my inves tigations as to the increase of insanity in this State and the most important factors in its causation so far as it has been practicable to ascertain them It must be remem bered however that it is almost impossible to get a full or perfectly reliable history of cases as they are brought to the hospitalsespecially the antecedent his tory It often happens that patients are brought by parties who know nothing of the cases whatever and it also frequently occurs that relatives and friends are loth to give antecedent history if it tends to show hereditary taint while by others clear manifestations of insanity in their ancestors are regarded as simply idiosyncracies and not insanity Hence you can very readily see that in many cases it is a difficult matter to get at even the sup posed direct or indirect cause of the malady After a careful investigation of what is considered an alarming increase of insanity among the white popula tion of the State and its causes I am led to the opinion that while there has perhaps been a slight increase in the last ten years among the whites out of proportion to the population the alarming increase in the number applying for hospital treatment is largely attributable to causes other than a great increase of the malady itself In other words the increase is more apparent than rejd as will be seen from a careful study of the factors enumerated below 1 One of the causes of this apparent increase is that prior to the war a large number of the harmless cases could bo cared for at home with less expense to their families than if sent to the Asylum Then servants could be controlled and used as nurses for such cases now it is almost impossible even where persons are fully able to pay a nurse to get one to remain long at a time with a patient Hence families are frequently forced to send their relatives to the Asylum to secure attention which cannot be provided at home 2 Another cause may be found in the Act passed by the General Assembly in 1877 making this Institution free to all bona fide citizens of the State Since that time it has been the disposition of county authorities to send to the Asylum upon the slightest mental disturb ance or weakness all cases that were in any way an ex pense to the county and the result has been that we have received many cases that needed care not treat ment 3 Again prior to the war many of our citizens were able to send their insane relatives and friends to asylums in other states Under the false ideas which obtained in that day regarding insanity and asylums the insane wore quietly taken off and perhaps very few people out side of the family knew anything of the matter Such cases never came to the surface nor were they reported to the census enumerator 4 Another important factor in the causation of the apparent increase is to bo found in the great change which has taken place in the minds of the people in re gard to insanity and hospital treatment There has been a steady advance in the treatment of the insane during the last few decades and this has been attended by a corresponding increase of public confidence Accommo dations have been greatly enlarged and improved All the hygienic arrangements necessary for health and comfort are in accordance with the most advanced ideas upon this subject and regular and systematic care and attention are combined with diversified amusements which tend to produce contentment and prolong life With the chronic insane the rate of deaths and dis charges is now less than the rate of new cases Perhaps from onefourth to onethird of each years casesare left over for the next Hospital treatment has been still further popularized and its efficiency also increased by the greater liberty allowed to patients The liberty ofSuperintendents Report 13 it is the grounds is extended to all patients whenever deemed compatible with their welfare These changes and improvements have done much to dispel from the public mind false ideas of insanity and hospital treatment The prevailing notion with many was that as soon as a person passed the portals of the Asylum his prospects were blasted for life and that a stigma was placed upon the family for all time These views have been still more thoroughly dissipated by a better knowledge of the nature of insanity as a disease and by the success which has attended hospital treat ment There is scarcely a county of the State which does not hold some one upon whom this cloud has rested but who has since made a good happy and useful citizenproving a blessing to his family and to society Some of this class have moved in the humbler spheres of life while others have attained distinction and reflected honor upon their county and State To be sent to the Asylum is no longer regarded as necessarily a blight upon the individual life nor as a disgrace to his family This change in the public mind has brought to light many hitherto unknown cases and I need not add largely promoted this apparent increase of insanity among the whites 5 Another cause of the apparent increase is due to the general information upon the subject of insanity among the medical profession Physicians now fully appreciate the benefits to be derived directly and indi rectly from hospital treatment and agree that the first aim as a general thing in the treatment of the insane should be to remove them from home relativesfriends and the surroundings under which insanity occurred It is usually the case with the insane that they entertain de lusions in regard to their nearest and dearest friends and relatives Such surroundings supply constant food for the morbid ideas entertained and familiar scenes are more than likely to prove detrimental While this is not true of other diseases and they can perhaps be better cared for by relatives and friends at home it is true of the insane and the fact that it is more fully appreciated now by the profession increases the demand for hospital treatment thereby creating the impression that there is an alarming increase of insanity 14 State Lunatic Asylum G One of the most important factors in this apparent increase is the continued extension of the boundary lines of insanity A large number are now received in the hospitals for treatment who years ago would not have been regarded as insane but simply peculiar or odd If they had any capacity and could reason well from their standpoint it made but little difference if there was any perversion of the natural mode of thinking and acting or if they had delusions just so long as they were not dangerous and could live in harmony with society they were not regarded as fit subjects for Asylum care or treatment Only the violent boisterous dangerous and destructive were sent to the Asylum Many of this class were kept at home tied or confined out of sight These cases never came to the surface and of course the dura tion of life under such circumstances was short It must be remembered that the asylums of today are not what they were in former years They are hospitals for the sick receiving all classes of mental diseases that are thought to be amenable to treatment or whose condi tion might be ameliorated in any way by care or treat ment and we should not lose sight of the fact that a large number in asylums are counted year after year who swell the aggregate but who would soon die out if left at home Other reasons for this apparent increase might be given but the foregoing are deemed sufficient While there has been a slight increase of insanity among the whites after carefully considering the etiology of this increase my opinion is that it is not so great as would at first thought appear It is almost an impossi bilitv to roach a conclusion as to what the real increase has been From the statements already made it is easily seen that we have no reliable basis from which to begin our calculations The census returns have been very imperfect and unavoidably so from the causes stated The census of 1880 is the only one that has ever in my judgment approximated anything like a correct estimate of the white insane in this State and this is of little value because of the defective returns prior to that date Below I copy the census returns for the last three dec ades They should be compared under the light of the facts stated above The census of I860 places the white population ofSuperintendents Eepoet 15 Georgia at 591588 and the white insane at 447 one to every 1323 The census of 1870 estimates the white population of Georgia at 638926 and the white insane at 634 or one to every 1007 The census of 1880 estimates the white population at 816906 and the white insane at 1286 one to every 635 When we consider the census of 1870 giving the white insane of Georgia at 634 and the census of 1880 esti mating the white insane to be 1286 we certainly would not be justifiable in supposing that the white insane had more than doubled in the past ten years and that there had been an actual increase of insanity among the race to that amount Much of this increase in numbers should be attributed to causes heretofore mentioned From table No 7 will be seen the population the insane native and foreign and the proportionate number of the insane to the population of each State and Ter ritory in the United States from the census of 1S80 Table number 8 is a valuable table prepared by Dr A O Wright of Wisconsin showing the insane in the States and Territories of the United States arranged geographically surrosED causes of insanity Insanity is the result of a number of events and con ditions which go to make up one pathological state and in considering the causes it should be remembered that it is a malady requiring a thorough knowledge of the facts in the history of each case before wo can consider with any certainty the pathological condition There are a variety and combination of causes that may tend to its conception in different cases and my experience in try ing to get a correct history of cases that would indicate the predisposing as well as the exciting cause has lead me to the opinion that the relatives friends or parties accompanying them to the asylum generally give some one of the exciting causes as the jjredisposing cause when perhaps there has been acombination of causes For instance the cause generally given is one of the fol lowing 111 health failure in business or loss of proper ty domestic trouble disappointed affection loss of wife husband or children or relatives fright constant applica tion to business or overwork blow to the head received 16 State Lunatic Asylum many years ago perhaps when a child hard study jeal ousy religious excitement excessive use of alcoholic stimulants or opium poverty or if a female unhealthy condition of menstrual functions c c Some one of these is generally given as the direct cause of insanity without ever considering whether there existed inherited tendency or taint in the family With an inherited sus ceptibility to insanity any one or a combination of these causes might produce the disease We have often heard of cases like the following A and B engage in business they fail A becomes insane B bears his misfortune with the courage of a man The public mind never looks behind the immediate cause never inquires whether A had any inherited taint when perhaps he inherited a defective organism that simply needed the slightest exciting cause to produce insanity The reason that insanity results in one case and not in the other must be looked for in a predisposition to insanity Those who are perfectly free from all inherited tendencies and taint are not likely to become insane from losses worry overwork c c There must exist a neurosis which makes us susceptible to mental disease I cannot here go fully into the pathological causation of insanity but in considering the most important factors hereditary predisposition should be the first to claim attention for it is without doubt the most potent of all causes What we are is largely if not entirely due to heredity and envi ronment Bad environments foster and develop the de fects while good environments might modify improve or eradicate them 1 apprehend that there is no ques tion of such vital importance to suffering humanity as this and no one that is so wofully neglected or mis apprehended Upon its influence the mental and physi cal health depend It is a deplorable fact that there is more interest manifested in the transmission of defective organisms in the lower order of animals than in the hu man race What man engaged in raising fine stock would breed to or from any animal without knowing its antecedent history pedigree or hereditary tendencies and without keeping a watchful eye over its environ ment But how often do we see individuals marry hav ing perhaps remote tendencies on both sides to a scrof ulous diathesis that perhaps had almost faded out bySuperintendents Report 17 proper marriages and redevelope and perpetuate in their families these fearful maladies fraught with so much mental and physical suffering The condition of so cietyits mental and physical health cannot be improved without a proper regard to heredity and environment Mental integrity as well as the highest happiness and usefulness depend upon it Families generally repeat themselves in their descendants The defective mental action of the parent whether fully developed or not is more than likely to appear in the children If this de fective mental action is indicated in a slight neurosis with both the father and mother this morbid condition may be transmitted to their offspring in which case it frequently developes into insanity Fifty per cent of all cases that have come under my observation and perhaps a much larger per cent is due to insane temper ament This inherited predisposition is due to the structural and physiological defects of the central ner vous apparatus But to what are these inherited ten dencies that make us so susceptible to insanity and other maladies due They are perhaps more largely due to alcoholism than any other cause While there is a very small per cent of insanity that is directly due to alco holic liquors a very large per cent is indirectly due to it perhaps from 50 to 75 per cent Some of the most dis tinguished alienists and neurologists who have given much time and study to the question think there is at least from fifty to seventyfive per cent indirectly caused by alcoholic liquors A distinguished physician who had had under his treatment several thousand insane and who had made a special study of the transmitted ef fects of alcoholism said to me in reply to enquiries on the subject That the children of intemperate parents are more liable to become insane intemperate epileptic and much more liable to be congenitally imbecile is beyond dispute I have long thought that the worst effects of alcoholic intemperance is to be found visited upon the succeeding generations of drunken parents The fact that both parents are seldom drunkards is all that saves descendants from utter ruin When we consider the class of people that furnish the largest ratio of insanity to the population we find not only that the men are ad dicted to alcoholic stimulants but frequently the women also These individuals marry and they continue to 18 State Lunatic Asylum generate defective organisms that are susceptible to in sanity c and hence in each succeeding generation these morbid tendencies increase out of proportion to the increase of the population I might say here that there are no induced or acquired habits or tendencies that are more readily transmitted than those of alcohol ism and when inherited none are so difficult to over come It is not necessary by any means that this taint or morbid tendency to alcoholism should always be re produced in the children It may be as it frequently is manifested in other morbid conditions such as insanity epilepsy idiocy uncontrollable temper moral depravity c Some fifteen years back there were sent to this in stitution two children boys quite young They were almost reared in the institution Both parents I learned were the subjects of alcoholism One of the boys was an idiot the other had a very good memory capable of learning but their every movement in every particular was that of a drunken man The motion of the head and articulation were those of the drunkard and when they would attempt to wall they would stagger reel and fall like a person very much intoxicated They doubtless had never tasted alcoholic stimulants On one occasion I gave the older one then about grown a little wine and it seemed to develqpe instantly a morbid irresistable appe tite for it His constant demand was for more of the red stuff This indicated clearly to my mind that the sleeping morbid tendency simply needed the slightest alcoholic stimulant to establish an uncontrollable morbid thirst for it It is not an uncommon thing to see in our female patientsthose who had drinking fathersa quick morbid susceptibility for certain drugs chloral morphine c It is more than probable that had their environment been like those of the men they would have been drunkards Blanford one of the standard authors on insanity and its treatment says If we could accurately ascertain the statistics of insanity in other countries civilized semi civilized or barbarous I think it is probable we should find insanity in proportion to the use of intoxicating liquors or substances A distinguished alienist in reply to enquiries on the subject says A very small per cent is put down as the direct result of intemperance perhaps less than five perSupebintendents Eepoet 19 cent Ninetenths of all the insanity is the result of he reditary taint How much of this inherited weakness is the result of intemperate habits in the ancestors would be hard to say but I have always believed that it is much larger than is generally supposed Some have put it as high as 75 per cent which I do not think is exag gerated I know of nothing so potent in the production of brain degeneration as alcohol Dr Stearnes in his valuable work on Insanity its causes and preventions says Echeveria who has collected a large number of statistics on the subject gives the following in reference to the histories of sixty eight males and fortyseven females who had experienc ed alcoholism in some of its forms The number of chil dren born to these persons was four hundred and seven tysix and of this total twentythree were stillborn one hundred and seven died from convulsions in infancy thirtyseven died from other maladies throe committed suicide ninetysix are epileptic thirteen are congenital idiots nineteen maniacal or hypochondriacal seven have general paralysis five locomotor ataxy twen ty six hysteria twentythree paralysis nine chorea sev en strabismus three are deaf nineteen are scrofulous and crippled Of these children two hundred and five 205 or nearly fifty per cent have exhibited drinking tendencies Dr Stearnes says From the above sta tistics it appears that of all the nervous diathesis which may be inherited there are none which are more inva riable in their effects or more surely disastrous to their unfortunate victims than that of alcoholism Syphilis is another potent cause of insanity and one which exerts a much greater influence both direct and inherited than is generally supposed Moral causes of insanity are domestic troubles com mercial speculations losses religious excitement worry over work c Any one having an insane diathesis coming in contact with any one or a combination of these exciting causes might become insane but to one entirely free from all constitutional taint it is more than likely that they would prove harmless The violations of the laws of health producing insomania which is highly detrimental to mental integrity is a factor in the etiology of insanity Emotional excitement and excesses of various kinds exert influences upon the brain and 20 State Lunatic Asylum nervous system which tend to develop mental disease The increased tension of the brain and nervous system required by modern methods of life and business call ings less sleep less leasure to the nervous system for rest and recuperation and inefficient moral education all tend to brain degeneration and mental trouble We might enlarge the list of these causes but it is unnecessary as we have given what we believe and what are generally conceded to be the most potent causes insanity in the colored eace of this state There has been a radical change in the susceptibility to certain diseases notably insanity phthisis and similar maladies in this class of our population from which they were almost entirely exempt up to 1867 While there were some few idiots and epilptics it is well known that it was very rare indeed that we ever heard of an insane negro prior to that time It must be remembered too that only one of the causes given for the incorrect enu meration or returns of the white insane can be applied to the colored namely the extension of the boundary lines of insanity The census of 1860 will show that there were only fortyfour 44 insane negroes in the State in a popula tion of four hundred and sixtyfive thousand six hundred and ninetyeight 465698 or one insane negro to every ten thousand five hundred and eightyfour 10584 The census of 1870 shows that there were one hun dred and twentynine 129 insane negroes in the State in a population of five hundred and fortyfive thousand one hundred and fortytwo 545142 or one colored in sane to every four thousand two hundred and twentyfive 4225 The census of 1880 gives the colored population at seven hundred and twentyfive thousand one hundred and thirtythree 725133 the colored insane four hun dred and eleven one to every seventeen hundred and sixtyfour 1764 The census returns from 1860 to 1880 show the in orease of insanity among the colored race in this State and the increase from 1880 up to the present time has doubtless been in the same ratio The etiology of this sudden outburst of insanity in the colored race is a problem of profound interest not only to the medicalPsychologist but to all who sympathize with those un fortunates who are the subjects of this fearful malady and indeed to the public generally for with the same ratio of increase as in the past decade coupled Avith the growing susceptibility from heredity the colored insane will soon outnumber the white It is only a question of little time before it will burden the State to provide for this class of her afflicted We know that the causes that have produced so much insanity in the colored race since the war could not have been in full force prior to that time or insanity would have been the result The general enquiry is what are the acknowledged causes of this outburst of insanity among the negroes It cannot be attributed to heredi tary predisposition or to mental disease for there was no class of people up to 1867 that enjoyed better men tal or physical health It is believed by some that one of the principal causes of their insanity is the thought of tomorrow which they never had in slaverythe mental anxiety as to the care and support of their families but their condition will not as yet justify such an opinion This cause may perhaps exert an influence at some time in the future should they become more refined and cultivated and more highly sensitive and delicately organized During the past twenty years quite a large number of the colored insane have come under my observation and in only a very few of that number was there any reason whatever to believe that such a cause had exerted an in fluence in the development of mental disease The in crease cannot be attributed to losses sustained in com mercial speculation or in any other ways nor is it due to over brain work or increased tension of the brain by any of the business callings of modern life It is not in duced by wealth or luxury nor do jealousy disappointed affections domestic troubles grief etc exert as yet much influence in the development of this malady Much could be written in regard to the good health of this race while in slavery and the recent outburst of in sanity and other diseases to which they were not former ly susceptible but it is unnecessary for the problem can be solved in a few words Their remarkable mental and physical health and their immunity from certain diseases while in slavery was en 22 State Lunatic Asylum tirely due to the healthful restraints that surrounded them from childhood through life They were taught from infancy obedience and self control and forced to obey all the laws of health so that their environments all tended to health The cause of insanity and other diseases with them now from which they were exempt in slavery is the removal of all healthful restraints that formerly surrounded them As soon as they were re moved they began to violate the laws of health indulg ing their appetites and passions and falling into all sorts of irregularities Too much freedom and liberty is dan gerous to mental health especially in youth when the system is much more susceptible to unfavorable influ ences of all kinds It must bo remembered that the negro by nature is emotional hence his tendency to ir regular habitsgreat emotional excitement political and religious Not having the restraining influence of refined and cultivated society they are very frequently led into excesses which produce insanity the legitimate result of constant mental and muscular excitement insufficient sleep and rest for the recuperation of the brain and ner vous system Alcoholic intemperance is perhaps one of the most potent indirect causes of insanity imbecility idiocy epilepsy and all sorts of morbid tendencies and it is to be apprehended more powerful among the ne gro race than all other influences because of their emo tional nature and the disposition of both the women and men to alcoholic intemperance We may expect in the children of such parents imbecility idiocy epilepsy and various morbid tendencies making them very sus ceptible to insanity and other diseases Those having these morbid tendencies will intermarry and hence we are justified in the opinion that insanity will continue to increase in each succeeding generation of this race While insanity in the colored race is now much less than that of the white in proportion to the population it is clue to the fact that only a short time back they had no inherited tendency to mental disease and they were forced to obey all the laws of mental health Very few of those who have inherited an insane temperament have reached the age at which insanity is most likely to be developed It is a disease generally of adult life The inherited neurotic tendencies are just beginning to be developed in the younger generation and from theirSupekintendents Eepobt descendants we look for a rapid increase of insanity for every quality or attribute of both the mental and physi cal condition of man is capable of more or less direct transmission Syphilis has played an important part in the produc tion of insanity with this class In slavery the disease was not so frequent with them and they had promptly the best medical and other attention and all directions rigidly enforced Now but few cases ever get the atten tion of a physician before the secondary or tertiary stage of the disease and it is seldom that the direction of the physician is fully complied with Their mode and manner of living a free and unrestrained indulgence of all their appetites in every way possible irregular habits over crowded rooms unhealthy surroundings neglect insick ness poorly nourished has exerted much influence in the production of insanity In slavery all the laws of health were generally enforced As yet they seemto be exempt from paresis I have never seen a case with a genuine negro And they as a class are free from the opium habit while with the whites this habit directly and in directly is productive of much insanity and other mor bid tendencies The inquiry is frequently made as to whether the tendencies of the colored insane are like those of the whites They are violent boisterous destruct ive and sometimes homicidal with a tendency frequently to a nude condition Until a few years back there was but little tendency with them to refuse all nourishment This tendency has grown rapidly in the past seven or eight years and now is about equal to that of the whites in proportion to the insane population They were en tirely free from all suicidal tendencies up to 1882 as shown by all cases that came under my observation Since then the tendency while slow has gradually increased There is comparatively but little tendency as yet to paralysis aside from the epileptics or those who have received severe blows to the head I think it is more than probable that in the course of time all the tenden cies of the white insane will be developed in the negro By reference to Table 9 will be seen the colored popu lation the colored insane and the proportionate number of the colored insane to the population of each State and Territory of the United States from the Census of 1880 24 State Lunatic Asylum Table 10 shows the number of colored insane in this Asylum at the commencement of each Asylum year from 1867 the first year accommodations were provided for their reception to 1886 For several years we could only receive colored patients as vacancies would occur and the number remained about the same until the buildings for the colored insane were enlargedSuperintendents Report Table No 7 Showing the population and insane native and foreign and the proportionate number of tlw insane to the population 0 each Stale and Territory of the United States from the census of 18S0 States and Territories U S Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Dakota Delaware Dist of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 1880 1880 1 1880 1880 Population Insane Native Foreign 1262505 1521 1475 46 40440 21 9 12 802525 789 776 13 864694 2503 885 1618 194327 99 66 33 622700 1723 1214 509 135177 72 33 39 146608 198 169 29 177624 938 492 446 269493 253 238 15 1548180 1697 1602 35 32010 10 8 8 3077871 5134 3019 2115 1978301 3530 2912 618 1624615 2544 1716 828 996096 1000 759 241 1648690 2784 2482 302 939940 1002 834 168 648936 1542 1374 168 934943 1857 1612 245 1783085 5127 3343 1784 1636937 2796 1845 951 780773 1145 388 757 1131597 1147 1107 40 2168380 3310 2443 867 39159 59 28 31 452402 450 250 200 62266 31 15 16 346991 1056 927 129 1131116 2405 1445 960 119565 153 136 17 5082871 14111 7790 6321 1399750 2028 2023 5 3198002 7286 5313 1973 174768 378 264 114 4282891 8304 6164 2140 276531 684 455 229 995577 1112 1077 35 1542359 2404 2336 68 1591749 1564 1358 206 143963 151 58 93 332286 1015 834 181 1512505 2411 2311 100 75116 135 68 67 618457 982 886 96 1315497 2520 1050 1476 20789 4 2 2 830 1926 1017 345 1963 301 1878 740 189 1065 908 2038 600 558 639 996 592 938 421 504 348 586 681 987 655 664 1005 2008 329 470 781 362 690 439 462 516 404 895 642 1018 953 327 627 556 630 521 5197BUBS HHHHH 26 State Lunatic Asylum Table No 8 Valuable Table Carefully Prepared by Dr A O Wright of Wisconsin New England States Maine one insane parson to every 421Massachusetts one to every 348 New Hampshireone toevery329 Rhode Island one to every404 Vermont one to every327lConneeticut one to every361 Total population of New England States4010029 Average of Insanity one to every 359 Middle States New York one to every362 I Pennsylvania one to every51G New Jersey one to every470 Total population of Middle States10496878 Average of Insanity one to every 424 Interior States Michigan one to every 586 Wisconsin one to every521 996 Ohio one to every439 Indiana one to every558 Illinois one to every600 Total population13091477 Average of Insanity one toevery 610 NorthWestern States Iowa one to every 639 I Kansas one to every Minnesota onu to every681 Nebraska one to every1005 Total Population3853880 Average of Insanity one to every 750 South Middle States Delaware one to every740 I Virgiuin one toevery627 Maryland one to every504 North Carolina one to every690 Total population3853866 Average of insanity one to every 610 South Interior States West Virginia oneto every630 I Tennessee one to every 642 Kentucky one to every592 Missouri one to every655 Total population5977886 Averageof insanityone to every 629 Extreme Southern States South Carolina one to every 895 I Mississippi one to every987 Georgia one to every 908 Louisiana one to every938 Florida one to every1065 Arkansas one to every1017 Alabama ore to every339 Texas one toevery1018 Total population 8499572 Averageof insanity one to everv 935 Pacific Slope California one to every345 I Washington one toevery556 Oregon one to every462 Nevada one to every2008 Total population1176844 Average of insanity one to every 385 Western States and Territories Dakota one to every1878 Colorado one to every1963 Montanaone toevery6641 New Mexico one to every781 Idaho one to every2033 I Utah one to every953 Wyoming one toevery5197 Arizona one toevery1926 Total population725994 Average of insanity one to everv 1263 District of Columbia one insane person toevery 189 Indian Territory and Alaska not reported From the above it will be seen that the ratio of insanity decreases as We go West or South of New England Compare the different sections of the Northern States New England one to every359 Middle States one to every424 Interior States one to every 610 NorthWestern States one to every750Superintendents Eepoet 27 Tablk No 9 Showing the colored population the colored insane and the proportionate num ber of the colored insane to the population of each State and Territory of the United States fxom the census 0I8SO iStutes and Territories United States Colored Pop Colored One to ulation 1880 Insane 1880 Every Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Dakota Delaware Dist of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming GOO 103 155 210666 6018 2435 11547 401 26442 59506 126690 725133 53 46368 39228 9516 43107 271451 483655 1451 210230 18697 15100 1564 650291 145350 346 2385 488 685 38853 1015 65104 531277 79900 487 85535 6488 604332 403151 393384 232 1057 631616 325 25886 2702 298 6580793 411 2 160 135 8 32 3 48 124 85 411 000 70 68 9 39 345 304 7 259 42 38 5 432 145 2 4 1 000 82 4 195 43 102 17 171 14 461 304 300 092 9 0C0 1400 77 1318 44 304 300 133 550 480 1490 1768 000 610 576 1057 1105 786 1590 207 811 445 397 312 1505 1002 173 596 488 000 473 253 333 1215 493 28 488 462 1310 1107 1285 116 211 012 81 699 300 000 6157 28 State Lunatic Asylum Table No 10 Showing the number of colored insane in the Asylum at the commencement of each Asylum year from ii 0I886 Year Number Year Number Year Number Year Number 1867 48 1872 98 1877 90 1882 250 1868 51 1873 98 1878 99 1883 304 I860 57 1874 90 1879 110 1884 339 1870 04 1875 88 1880 177 1885 345 1871 65 1870 90 1881 212 1886 350 IMPROVEMENTS o Improvements from October 1st 1885 to October 1st 1886 WATER WORKS A new roof on old pump house An area wall around pump house next to reservoir Water works boiler taken out repaired and reset New steam piston and water plunger to Cameron Water Works Pump with new steam and water valves for same One lightfeed lubricator KITCHENS During the year we have fitted up the kitchen at Male Convalescent Building with a complete apparatus for cooking by steam and range consisting of one twenty five H P return tubular boiler One Berrymans Patent Water Heater 22x96 Three forty gallon seamless steam jacketed kettles Two twobushel seamless steam jacketed vegetable steamers One twentyfive gallon copper steam jacketed coffee kettle One ten gallon copper steam jacketed tea kettle One steam roaster One steam broiler One six foot Avrought iron range One 36x22x7 kitchen sink These utensils are connected with steam and water supply by all necessary piping valves fittings c The condensed steam being returned direct to the boiler by gravitythe boiler being located below the kettles c One ten gallon copper steam tea kettle in Female Conva lescent kitchen One galvanized cast iron sink 56x36x9 in kitchen for negro patients PLUMBING The entire plumbing has been done in the building for male convalescent patients and center building attached consisting of four water closets and two water closets andSuperintendents Beport 29 bath rooms combined with the necessary sink hot and cold water pipes in five pantries off the dining room Both hot and cold water has been run through the build ing and connections made with the most improved valves Cast iron soil pipes connect the several rooms with the system of sewerage Hot water pipes have been run through the entire ne gro building and connection made with the hot water tank in boiler house Sixteen hundred feet of galvanized pipe was used in this job sizes ranging from 2 inch to f inc One Demorest cistern and service box in water closet on third floor center building Eighty feet of 2 inch pipe has been replaced in air duct Sixty pendants have been made for Male Convalescent Building A new boiler house 32x37J with stack 71 feet high has been built for building for convalescent males 110 thou sand brick and 5500 feet of lumber Avere used in this job Two automatic flushing tanks in attic over seventh male and female wards seavees During the year the following sewers have been laid 1530 feet of 18 inch pipe 1660 feet of 12 inch pipe 400 feet of 15 inch pipe 490 feet of 8 inch pipe 500 feet of 6 inch pipe 335 feet of 4 inch pipe This has extended the main sewer 1600 feet and put its outlet into the woods at the south of the institution The sewerage for the male convalescent building and connecting the sewerage from the male side of the institution with the main sewer is included in the above BOOFING 421 5100 squares of tin roof has been put on building erected in 1856 17 51100 squares tin roof on boiler room of main building Dome to center building has been given two coats of paint CAEPENTEY 9 lattice doors 32 tables 26 mosquito frames 36 clothes racks 5 medicine stands 55 shuck mops 20 benches 2 windoAv screens 4 fire screens 98 curtain strips 20 brackets 8 sick stools 33 sets clothes shelves 16 floAver boxes 30 sash 6 night watch key 30 State Lunatic Asylum boxes 1480 pannels of plank fencing 1 chicken house 1 wagon body 9 gates 2 step ladders 3 well curbs 3 sets of steps 1 stairway iu convalescent building female 2 brick and sewer pipe culverts across avenue 188 bedsteads 3 double shelf tables 3 safes 4 eleva tors for taking meals from kitchens to top stones 2 book cases 2 troughs TABULAR STATEMENTS AS TO RECEPTIONS Table No 1 Showing the Number Admitted During the Year and Their Respective Ages at the Time of Admission MALE I FEMALE Under 15 years 5 to 20 years 20 to 25 25 to 30 30 to 35 35 to 40 40 to 45 45 to 50 50 to 60 60 to 70 70 to 80 80 to 90 Total Unknown 1 14 23 22 22 29 20 11 24 21 1 2 190 00 14 13 28 24 22 21 18 21 14 3 3 total 181 1 28 36 50 46 51 41 29 45 35 4 5 371 20 391Superintendents Eepoet 31 Table No 2 Showing the Duration op Insanity Before Admission 1 i IALE FEMALE TOTAL to 3 months 47 37 84 3 to G 12 15 27 6 to 9 10 27 37 9 to 12 4 2 6 12 to 18 26 12 38 18 months to 2 years 1 2 3 2 years to 3 19 19 38 3 to 4 8 14 22 4 to 5 10 5 15 5 to 6 6 5 11 6 to 8 3 3 6 8 to 10 O O 2 5 10 to 12 5 3 8 12 to 14 0 2 2 14 to 20 7 4 11 20 to 30 2 7 9 30 to 40 0 3 Q O Total 163 162 325 Unki lown 66 39132 State Lunatic Asylum Table No 3 Occupation of Those Admitted During the Yeae Butchers 1 Brick Masons 3 Book Binders 1 Bakers 1 Book Keepers 3 Bailiffs 1 Carpenters 3 Clerks 5 Carriage Trimmers 1 Cigar Makers 1 Cooks 5 Druggists Dentists 2 Draymen 2 Dress Makers 2 Farmers80 Farm Hands52 Factory Hands 3 House Wives65 House Duties2fi House Servants 5 Total Gin Makers 1 Jewellers 1 Lawyers 3 Law Students 1 Laborers 20 Merchants6 Machinists 2 Physicians 4 Printers1 Photographers1 Pilots1 Nurses 1 Porters 1 Railroad Conductors2 Railroad Laborers 1 Stone Cutters 1 Teachers 5 Traders 1 Washers 2 Wagon Drivers 1 319 Unknown72 391 Table No 4 Civil Condition of those Received During the Year Married176 Single120 Widowed 46 Unknown 49 391Superintendents Kepoet 33 Table No 5 Homicidal and Suicidal Received During the Yeae Homicidal24 Suicidal33 Homicidal and Suicidal 2 59 Table No 6 Cause or Supposed Cause of Insanity of those Eeceiyed During the Year Alcoholism Alcoholism Syphilis Alcoholism Opium Attack of Apoplexy Attack of Fever Blow to the Head Change of Life Childbirth Consanguinity Death of Husband Death of Sister Death of Child Death of Father Death of Wife Death of Son Disappointed Affections Domestic Trouble Disappointment Epilepsy Excessive Venery Fracture of Skull Financial Trouble 27 2 2 1 3 7 4 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 9 1 20 1 2 3 Fright 1 Hereditary Tendeucj 56 111 Health33 Imbecility 3 Jealousy 4 Killing a Man 1 Loss of Property 1 Loss of Position 1 Menstrual Derangement 11 Masturbation 7 Nervous Dyspepsia 1 Overworked 4 Overtaxed mind1 Opium Habit 3 Paralysis 3 Pecuniary Loss 2 Religious Excitement 9 Sun Stroke 1 Senility 5 Syphilis 3 Typhoid Fever 4 Uterine Trouble 7 Total263 Unknown128 391 34 State Lunatic Asylum FINANCES By reference to the report of the Steward it will be seen that the finances of the Institution hare been man aged with strict economy and by reference to Table G giving the expenses of many other Institutions in the United States it will bo found that there are but few that are managed with more economy and I think none receiving the same class of patients that we do ESTIMATE FOB SUPTOBT FOE 18S7 AND 1888 You will see from the report of the Steward that we ask for no increase of the appropriations for the support and maintenance of the Institution for the years 1887 and 1888 He simply asks that the same appropriations be made that is one hundred and seventyfive thousand dollars for each year I think it more than probable that we will have from thirteen to fourteen hundred patients for the years 1887 and 1888 This estimate we think will be sufficient unless the cost of supplies c should ad vance This estimate is based upon a low per capita per diem and upon the hope that supplies etc will not advance in price ACKNOWLEDGEMEMTS I desire to express my thanks and that of the patients to the proprietors and publishers of the following news papers which they have so kindly and graciously sent this institution Wesleyan Christian Advocate 3 copies weekly Sunny South 2 copies weekly Hamilton Journal 1 copy weekly Albany News Advertiser 1 copy weekly Dublin Gazette 1 copy weekly Union Recorder 1 copy weekly Sparta Islmiaelite 1 copy weekly Augus ta Chronicle 1 copy daily and weekly Southern Presby terian 1 copy weekly Hawkinsvillo News 1 copy weekly Eome Courier 1 copjr daily Macon Telegraph 1 copy daily Savannah News 1 copy daily Jessup Sentinel 1 copy weekly Sumter Republican 1 copy weekly Helping Hand 1 copy weekly Early County News 1 copy weekly Valdosta Times 1 copy weekly Eatonton Messenger 1 copy weekly Southerner Ap peal 1 copy weekly Blakely News 1 copy weekly Dublin Post 1 copy weekly Wrightsville Recorder 1 copy weekly Our thanks are due and hereby tendered Col Wm Barnes of San Francisco for a lecture and musical en tertainment also Col Richard M Johnson of Balti more for readings MrBobt Adams and Eev B W An derson for a number of readings and to the Misses Hunter for entertainment These lectures c were highly ap preciated by the patients To Mrs Mullally of Sparta Ga Mr P J Clme Mr Lummus from Juniper Hon Seaborn Beese Sparta Ga for papers and periodicals sent and to all others who have contributed in any way to the comfort and pleasure of our patients we also return our thanks RELIGIOUS SERVICES Eeligious services have been conducted regularly bunday and Wednesday evenings by the Eev A J Beck our chaplain He has also visited the sick when necessary and buried the dead CONCLUSION It gives me pleasure to state that the supervisor at tendants and employees generally have been faithful in the discbarge of their duties I desire to express to my Assistants the medical stall and all the officers and engineer my sincere thanks lor their hearty and intelligent cooperation in every effort to keep the Institution in the best possible condition and the marked interest they have manifested in the wel fare and comfort of the patients You gentlemen of the Soard have my hearty thanks for the kind advice and hearty cooperation you have always given me in the management of the affairs of this Institution With profound gratitude to God for His great mercies and protection from all danger in the past we commence the diities ox another year trusting in His wise and merci ful guidance Bespectfully submitted T O POWELL Supt c 36 State Lunatic Asylum APPENDIX Questions to be Answered by Parties Accompanying Patients to the Asylum 1 Name 2 Age 3 Nativity 4 Religion 5 Occupation 6 Married or single If female state whether she has ev er borne children their number and the date of last birth 7 Natural dispositionIHas the patient exhibited any ec centricity of mind disposition or temper before the present at tack 8 When did the first symptoms of insanity appear and how were they manifested 9 Number duration and character of previous attacks it any Was the patient ever suicidal and in what manner or had a homicidal propensity or a disposition to be violent de structive or filthy 10 Ts there any physical disease or derangement ill Have any of the patients relations been insane if so who of them 12 What is the cause of this or previous attacks 13 Is the patient addicted to the use of tobacco or spirituous liquors or opium If so to what extent 14 Has the patient ever received an injury of the head 15 Does the patient sleep and eat satisfactorily 16 Is the patient disposed to do mischief with fire 17 What treatment or confinement has been employed 18 Give the name of the person or parties to be addressed in his or her case CLOTHING Each patient should be provided with at least two full suits of clothing Knives and jewelry should be left at home REPORT OF STEWARD I STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM Near Milledgeville Ga October 1st 1886 T 0 POWELL M D Superintendent Etc Sir I have the honor to transmit through you to the Board of Trustees this my report as Steward em bracing the period from the 1st of October 1885 to the 1st of October 1886 Abstract A shows the amount brought forward from last year the amount drawn by requisition under your approval as well as that of the Board of Trustees for support and maintenance of the Asylum together with a classified statement of disburse ments also the balance on hand to be carried forward to October 1st 1886 Abstract B shows the balance brought forward from last year the amount disbursed and the amount drawn from the State Treasury of the special appropriations for en larging the asylum which closes the special appropria tion account in full Abstract C shows the expenditures in detail for put ting new tin roof on main building and wings of same Abstract D shows amount expended on extraordinary repairs paid out of the amount set aside by Board of Trustees for said purpose all of which amount has been expended Abstract E shows the requisitions drawn from State Treasury for support and maintenance of the institution in theij regular order by number and month From this abstract you will readily see at a glance that we have undrawn in State Treasury the months of August and September 14583 33100 each making 29166 66100 together with the balance of 9870 49100 in hands of Asylum Treasurer aggregating 39037 15100 Abstract F shows the average number of patients in the institution from asylum years 1873 to 1886 both in cluded together with the per capita cost both per diem and per annum Abstract G shows the yearly cost per capita of main taining patients in a large number of similar institutions in the United States 38 State Lunatic Asylum Abstract H shows cost of keeping one patient for one year one month one week one day Abstract I shows statement of stock cattle wagons c on hand 1st October 1886 I cannot close this report without calling your atten tion to the often discussed question of a good supply of water But for the heavy rains in the spring and early summer thereby enabling us to pump with more regu larity from the creek we would have been put to serious inconvenience in procuring a sufficient supply Wo have had a large amount of fencing and other putside work done which will be shown up in proper place Abstract A shows that our Treasurer Mr T T Wind sor has cash on hand amounting to 9870 49100 Our store keeper Mr A H Bice has goods on hand amounting to 3226 33100 paid for Our apothecary Mr P A West reports stock of drugs medicines c on hand paid for amounting to 2026 66100 The cost of support and maintenance of the institution for the years 1887 and 1888 I estimate at 817500000 per annum While the most rigid economy is practiced in the management of the finances it will be seen that but for the low price of provisions for the past year our expenses would have been larger thereby increasing our per capita This estimate of 17500000 per annum is made upon a basis of present cost of labor supplies c I am Very Eespectfully LUCIUS J LAMAK StewardABSTRACTS Absteact A Statement of LUCIUS J LAMAR Steward Lunatic Asylum showing balance brought forward from last fiscal year and all money received and a classified statement of Disbursements from the 1st of October 1885 to 1st of October 1886 1885 Cash Dr Oct 1 To Cash on hand a gns oq 1886 Sept 30 To Cash drawn from State Treasury 175000 00 178208 28 1886 Oct 1 E E Cash cr By cash for subsistence 52104 66 By cash for clothing 13412 37 By cash for fuel and transportation 19470 00 By cash for salaries 13764 86 By cash for wages 43l70 62 By cash for ordinary repairs 5715 47 By cash for medical supplies 3311 53 By cash for stationery and postage 352 29 By cash for contingencies 1343 64 is w 152345 44 By cash for extraordinary repairs 15992 35 168337 79 By cash with Asylum Treasurer 9870 49 178208 28 Abstbact B Statement of LUCIUS J LAMAR Steward State Lunatic Asylum of the Special Appropriation for enlarging the Lunatic Asylum and for other purposes there in mentioned Acts approved Uh September 1881 and Uh September 1SS3 from October 1 1885 to October 1st 1886 1885 Cash Dr7 Oct 1 To cash brought forward s 104 no 1886 Oct 1 To cash drawn from State Treasury 5375 53 8499 62 1886 Cash cT Oct 1 By cash expended on Convalescent Wards 8 499 62 E E 40 State Lunatic Asylum Abstract C Statement of LUCIUS J LAMAR Steward Stale Lunatic Asylum of the Special Appropriation for pulling on new roof on the main building Act approved October 17 1886 Expenditures for same in detail 1886 Cash April 28 To amount appropriated Be 3000 00 188G Cash Cb TO WHOM PAID WHAT FOB AMOUNT May 15 22 29 6 12 19 22 26 3 5 10 21 24 4 5 5 21 S 4 50 3 75 i i i 4 50 4 50 4 50 t It u 4 50 ti Red 0 Oil Mfg Co Oil 48 23 i Labor 3 00 July Anthony Butler J A Orme Co 4 12 1360 00 m 4 50 J A Orme Co Roohnsj 1860 00 4 50 Aug Foster McMillan Brick 3 62 T C Burke Cement 8 50 W HHBarnes Rooflny 163 14 Lumber 14 14 S 3000 00 E E Abstracts 41 Abstract D Bliowing in detail the Expenditures of Extraordinary Repairs chargeable to the amount set aside by the Board of Trustees for said account 1385 Oct 21 Nov 4 Dec 11 28 2 3 4 12 19 24 18SG TO rilOH PAID Foster McMillan Payne Willingham VV C Vosburgh Mfg Co T O Brown contractor W S Richards Co J fuss architect W H H Barnes Stevens Bros Co Payne Willingham S B Woodward FussHands Foster McMillan L A Chapman Fuss Hands WHAT FOE W H H Barnes Feb Jan 2 DeSaussures hands 4 Jackson Tyler Johnson Lane L A Chapman DeSaussures Hands W H H Barnes DeSaussures Hands Foster McMillan DeSaussures Hands Stevens Bros Co W H H Barnes GT Whilden DeSaussures Hands Pan coast Maule BDavis Son A E Boardman DeSaussures Hands T H McAllister H E Hendrix W H HBarnes DeSaussures Hands E ADemore Chewaela Lime Works 2GCA Eobbe 27 DeSaussures Hands March 5 Jackson Tyler Stevens Bros Co J A Orme Co Pancoast Maule Foster McMillan GT Whilden DeSaussures Hands 8 22 23 29 30 3 6 11 13 18 19 20 24 Brick Furniture Gas Fixtures Extra Work Elevators Services Lumber Pipe Furniture Painting Labor Brick Lime Labor Lumber 6 13 15 20 27 G H Waring DeSaussures HandsI Labor W H H BarnesLumber DeSaussures HandsLabor Labor Wire iron Lime Labor Lumber Labor Brick Labor Pipe Lumber Sand Labor Pipe H W Heater Extra Work Labor Magic Lantern Cotton Lumber Labor Ventilators Lime Heating Labor Pipe Pipe Bath Tubs Pipe Brick Sand Labor Labor Cement 45 50 219 49 60 04 363 65 221 32 57 00 49 77 191 12 17 00 18 50 45 97 14 30 52 50 42 72 23 75 46 50 50 00 58 05 31 70 10 54 38 50 66 73 1S1 17 104 15 181 25 134 00 76 40 78 30 13 50 127 65 172 44 320 00 667 40 154 05 63 75 279 68 14 40 169 75 24 50 70 40 1969 38 143 20 46 19 646 50 40 00 39 86 7 25 10 80 75 55 45 55 22 50 29 20 12 26 26 20 42 State Lunatic Asylum Abstract DContinued 188C March April May June July TO WHOM PAID Aug Sept 7 12 16 17 19 23 24 11 13 17 21 26 11 14 21 23 3 15 20 24 26 6 7 16 24 16 WUAl FOB C A KobbeHeating Stevens Bros CoPipe Bramhall Deano CoKFurniture DeSaussures Hands Labor G B Lombard CoBoiler DeSaussures HandsLabor P J Cline CoCarpet DeSaussures HandsLabor C C Stratton CoBrick T C BurkeCement W H H BarnesLumber Henry BrogsdalcFencing P H SnookFurniture Fred J MyersWire T T WindsorFurniture C C Stratton CoBrick G B Lombard CoGuapte Henry BrogsdaleFencing W H H BarnesLumber C A BobbeHeating McBride CoFurniture Payne Willingbam C A BobbeExtra work Stevens Bros CoPipe T C BurkeCement Foster McMillanBrick Brunswick Balke Colld Co BilliardFists Bogart HammondCotton L W DavidsonChromos P H SnookFurniture 0 E PaceCotton T L McComb CoTickin Linsday MorganMoss C L Jackson CoPipe Chattanooga F P Works C A Kobbe Stevens Bros Co W H H Barnes J W Lingold C W Farell D E McSherry Co J W Lingold 1 Y Lingold Citv CouncilTime Detector T T WindsorGrates Southern Wire WorksWire Guard W P BakerTelephone Heating Pipe Lumber Post Fencing Gates Post AMOUNT 2080 00 234 60 403 00 33 30 513 40 18 20 30 75 58 50 76 80 9 00 116 06 26 00 1485 00 2160 100 59 36 50 10 80 11 20 29 64 760 00 37 25 34 00 115 86 47 52 8 50 42 75 88 05 140 34 16 50 25 83 38 90 55 40 104 64 22 09 145 91 760 00 125 00 103 68 30 40 10 50 72 00 14 25 25 00 75 00 25 00 n 16 60 00 15992 35 E EAbstracts 43 Abstract E Showing Requisitions Drawn on State Treasury on Account of Support and Main tenance of State Lunatic Asylum from October 1st 1S85 to October 1st 18S0 18857 Oct 27 Nov 23 Deo 21 1886 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mcb 4 Moh 30 May 20 June 21 July 20 Aug 20 Sept 20 E E To 8th requisition appro for August 183514583 33 lo 9th requisition appro for Sept 1885 14583 33 To 10th requisition appro for Oct 1885 14583 33 To 11th requisition appro for Nov 1885 14583 33 To 12th requisition appro for Dee 1885 14583 33 To 1st requisition appro for Jan 1880 14583 33 To 2nd requisition appro for Feb 1886 14583 33 To 3rd requisition appro for Mch 1886 14583 33 lo 4th requisition appro for April 1886 14583 33 To 5th requisition appro for May 1886 14583 33 To 0th requisition appro for June 1886 14583 33 To 7th requisition appro for July 1886 14583 37 175000 00 Abstract F Showing the Average Number of Patients in this Institution the Per Capita Per Diem and the Per Capita Per Annum for the Past Fourteen Years from 1S73 to 1886 Inclusive YEAR 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 Average Number of Patients 550 550 600 600 638 725 748 820 886 942 1005 1179 1232 1237 Cost Per Capita Per Diem 52ic ma 37ie 37c 36 63100e 34 55100c 32 910c 35 64lOOc 33 9lOc 38fe 33 310c 34fc 34 18lOOc 33Jo Cost Per Capita Per Annum 190 70 177 36 130 80 137 77 133 70 120 11 120 10 130 09 123 74 140 98 121 46 120 90 124 70 123 19 NoteIn all of the above years except 1883 1884 1885 and 1880 extrordmary repairs were included in both the per capita per diem and per annum not properly chargeable to it which if subtracted would reduce them still lower 44 State Lunatic Asylum Abstract Q Shows Yearly Cost Per Capita of Maintaining Patients in Various Insane As1 State Alabama Arkansas California Location no OF PATIENTS Connecticut Dist of Columbia Georgia Iowa Tuscaloosa Little Rock Napa Stockton Middletown Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Massachusetts Maryland Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York Milledgeville Mt Pleasant Independence Anna Jacksonville Kankakee Chicago Elgin Indianapolis Ossawatomie Topeka Anchorage Hopkinsville Lexington Jackson Augusta Worcester Chronic Acute Danvers Taunt on Northampton Boston McLean Asylum Boston Cantonsvillle Kalamazoo Pontiac St Peters Rochester Jackson Fulton St Joseph St Louis Lincoln Concord Trenton Morristown Auburn Criminal Buffalo Middletown Willard Utica Bloomingdale Poughkeepsie amt 564 150 00 245 196 75 149 65 150 06 177 48 274 71 123 19 190 53 212 83 178 10 178 73 243 84 202 10 207 39 177 02 202 74 274 38 224 09 151 46 224 20 272 47 228 95 155 48 193 21 198 32 180 65 166 48 838 56 277 68 201 02 223 74 218 26 199 59 179 15 138 45 235 51 322 34 165 00 162 62 275 19 237 69 258 01 195 99 248 20 414 56 150 27 292 44 758 33 332 80 1209 1190 946 1173 1237 488 633 570 629 308 437 525 1207 453 128 544 564 583 467 474 391 765 705 659 476 160 196 409 768 628 693 350 428 503 266 492 172 311 654 790 152 240 250 1835 613 256 350 Abstracts 45 Shows Yearly Asylmns Abstract GContinued Cost Per Capita of Maintaining Patients in Various Insane State North Carolina Ohio Location Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Raleigh Morganton Goldsboro Carthage Cleveland Athens Dayton Columbus Newburgh Salem Philadelphia Friends Norristown Harrisburg Dixmont Danville Warren Providence Columbia Nashville Austin Brattleboro Williamsburgh Richmond Staunton Weston Madison Winnebago Milwaukee NO OF PATIENTS 254 182 93 685 635 625 597 902 300 340 385 95 622 431 510 36 453 188 630 400 500 443 434 412 637 087 469 589 806 amt 217 80 215 00 176 92 147 64 168 64 204 36 179 68 235 71 224 64 155 61 476 24 669 00 198 53 230 57 240 88 204 70 232 43 443 56 146 96 173 68 263 56 198 75 187 92 130 82 139 98 114 23 109 02 198 82 204 60 Abstract H Statement Showing Cost of Keeping one Patient by Year Month Week and Day For one year7123 19 For one month q 13 For one week g 33 For one day 33a 46 State Lunatic Asylum Abstract I Statement Showing Stock Cattle Wagons etc hand October 1st 1886 on Mules20 Horses 2 Carriage and Harness 1 Spring wagon harness 1 Two Horse Wagons and Harness 5 Two Horse Wagons old 2 One Horse Wagon old 1 Dump Carts and Harness 4 Ox Carts 3 Hearse Plow Stocks and Gear Shovels14 Picks 8 Axes 2 Weeding Hoes 2 Milch Cows30 Calves24 Heifers23 Steers 5 Work Oxen 3 Bulls 2 Hogs and Pigs143 Very Respectfully c GEO W HOLLINSHEAD Assistant Steward INVENTORY OF MACHINES AND TOOLS OCTOBER 1st 1886 One Verticle Engine 11x18 One Horizontal Engine 10x20 One File Pump Duplex Worthington 10x12 Three Boiler Feeders Worthington old 6x9 One Boiler Feeder Knowles 4x6 One Boiler Feeder Cameron 3x6 One Water Works Pump Cameron 14x7x24 One Water Works Pump Worthington Duplex 14x7x10 BOILERS Two Fire Box Tubular 40 II P each Two Lowes Pat Tubular 40 II P each Three Return Tubular 40 II P each One Return Tubular 35 H P Two Return Tubular 30 H P each One Return Tubular 25 H P One Vertical Tubular 30 H P One Cylindrical 7 11 P Two Return Tubular 50 II P each Two Return Tubular 75 H P each IInventory op Machines and Tools 47 IKON AND WOOD WOKKING TOOLS One Screw Cutting Engine Lathe Swing 24 inch turn 7 feet R innhoa Three pair Pipe Stocks S Teamng Machine with dies taps from to 2 Inch es 9 bolt arlverl gas ttez8 blowpiP9 9 lathe Wa 1 Kas burner pliers fflsw plates Ker MSSumt chisels eauK 5fflg 1 auril 175 lbs 1 bellows 1 bellows old 225 lbs swage block 22 firmer chisels 14 framing chisels 2 paring chisels 3 paring gouges 36 auger bitts 6 iron stock planes 6 wood stock pianos 1134 match planes 2 match planes C hand saws 1 framing saw 10 twist drills 2 counter sinks 3 brace screw drivers 3 hand screw drivers 2 iron bit braces 2 oil stones 1 extension bit 3 hand axes 2 hatchets 2 framing squares 1 bevel 6 augers 1 BLACKSMITH SHOP 87 lbs tongs 96 lbs assorted tools 1 sledge 1 box horse shoeing tools CAKPENTERS TOOLS 1 boring machins 5 boring machine augers 3 hollow augers 2 drawing knives 1 saw set 2 try squares 4 iron hand clamps 1 pair dividers 2 door clamps 1 hand mitre machine 1 spike maul 1 Ironbound tool chest 3 bench vises 3 hand hammers 1 bead plane 1 universal T square 1 tennon saw 1 axe 1 broad axe 1 wood rasp 1 guifge scratch 1 foot adz 1 pony planing machine 3 sets of bitts for same 1 cutter head 1 cast iron wrench 1 pony matching machine 4 cutter heads and 18 bitts 2 cast iron wrenches 1 foot morticing machine 4 bitts old 1 cast iron wrench 1 sticking machine 3 cutter heads 30 pairs of bitts 2 cast iron wrenches WOOD WOKKING MACHINES 1 tennoning machine 2 cutter heads 1 cope cutter head 8 bitts for same 1 emory grind machine 4 emory wheels 1 universal saw table 8 circular saws 1 scroll saw table 12 scroll saw blades 1 cast iron wrench 1 picket cutting mac ine 5 turning chisels48 State Lunatic Asylum GAS WORKS 1 iron wheelbarrow 1 long handle shovel 1 short handle shovel 1 short handle coal scoop 1 trowel 1 coal screen 1 set of patching tools BOILER ROOMS 11 L II shovels 4 coal screens 3 wheel barrows 1 hcse reel 500 feet rubber hose 1 extension ladder 2 wheel barrows iron 3 axes FIRE DEPARTMENT 36 rubber buckets 1 reflecting lantern 1 axe LAUNDRY 2 Brown double cylinder washing 1 centrifugal wringer machines 1 starch boiler steam 1 steam mangle 1 rotary clothes drying machine KITCHENS 10 iron steam jacketed kettles 3 G copper steam jacketed coffee kettles3 3 copper steam jacketed tea kettles a 4 copper steamers 4 iron double bottom steamers 4 Deanes vegetable steamers 2 steam roasters 1 steam broiler 1 3 foot broiler 1 2 foot broiler 112 foot double fire range 1 9 foot double lire range 1 5 foot single fire range 2 6 foot single fire range 13 double leaf tables briek ovens sinks in scullery sinks in kitchens sinks in vegetable washing room Berryman water heaters 1400 gallon water tank steam power coffee mill hand power coffee mill hand power spice mill hand power chopping machine pair platform scales pair balance scales bread tables pastry table safes STEAM BAKERY 1 cracker and biscuit machine 1 dough mixer 1 dough brake 1 safe 1 brick oven 2 tables MASONS TOOLS 1 sand screen 1 long handle shovel 1 short handle shovel 1 hoe THRESHING 1 separator 1 thrashing machine old 2 brick chisels 1 hammer 1 pick 2 pointing tools DEPARTMENT 1 grain fan old 9 shovels 10 picks DITCHING TOOLS 1 mattock 1 axe Bepobt op Stobe Keeper 49 REPORT OF STORE KEEPER o GEOEGIA STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM Near Milledgeville Ga October 1st 1886 Me L J Lamar Steward Herein find consolidated statement of issues from my office from October 1st 1885 to October 1st 1886 I 3226 S n W and Paid fr 0ctober 1V 1886 In closing my report I would state that the following sues were raised at the Institution 44S6 pounds of 4 553 E0is7aSlUn G SMil felfsuStS 501 ChlCkenS AU f wMch is W A H EICE Store Keeper Consolidated Issues to White Female Wards Aprons No Blankets Prs Bowls No 42 Brooms No536 Bedticks No172 Bonnets No121 Buckets tin No 36 Bucketsfilter No116 Brushes hair Jso 37 Brushes scrub No 5 BrushesT No 3 Brushes W W No 16 166 Curtains No 616 Coffee Pots No Cups and SaueersNo761 Clocks No 5 Chairs No 33 Chairs rockers No 46 Cards playg packs 6 Candle Sticks No 78 Castor Sets No 4 Cloth oil table No yards118X Corsets No 2 Books blank No 39 Carvers No Bread Trays No 4 Capes No Bedsteads 64 Dishes No 1 Bed Spreads No 208 Drawers No 29fi Blacking Boxes No 4 Dippers No131 Brushes Shoe No Brooms whisk No Buttons No Cards Buttons No Boxes Camphor Guru lbs Collars No Combs coarse No 295 Combs fine No 185 Combs round No Combs tuek No Chemise Dresses calico No791 Dresses homespun s No 747 Dresses strong No 46 Dishes butter No 2 pishes covered No 4 Dishes sugar No 2 fans No 104 I jGowns No 288 17 Gohlets No 31 N49i IHandkerchiefs Chambers 40JHoseNo prs1599 6 I Hats No S3 64 Inkindelible Noioz 23 Jugs No o Knives Forks No 35 Lanterns No 1 Locks safe No 4 Lamp Wicks No 3i Mattresses No 2 Mosquito Bars No Mirrors No 13 Needles No papers is Plates No 444 2 Plates tin No fiq 17 Pencils No 17 Bans mess No 30 Bans wash No 296 Pitchers No 89 Pictures No jg Pins No papersEaOl Pins hair No bun 76 Pillow Cases No 561 Pillowticks No 50 Pens No 10 PenStaffs No 2 Pans dust No32 Shirting No yds 36 Scissors Prs is Sheets No 258 Sheets oil NoEiil 55 State Lunatic Asylum Consolidated Issues to White Female Shoes Prs950 Shoe strings prs 1260 Slippers pre145 Skirts under No 227 Sadirons prs 2 ShirtsunderNo 403 Spoons No482 Saccjues No 65 Shawls NoIll Sofas No 2 Spectacles prs 20 Soap toilet cakes 1932 Saltcellars No 10 Thread knitting No 1 Table covers No 14 Tacks papers No 37 Towels No455 Thimbles No274 Wards Continued Tumblers No107 Tubs foot No43 Tables No 14 Teapots No 3 Thread spool No 274 Thread ball No 42 Waiters No 2 Washstands24 Waist under No 8 Consolidated Issues to White Male Wards Aprons No22 Axes No 1 Blankets prs402 BedticksNo154 Blankets prs qltd 1 Bowls NoG4 Brooms No349 Bedsteads No40 Buckets water No100 Buckets tin No 28 Brushes whisk No 18 Brushes hair No Gj Brushes scrub No 69 Brushes tooth No BrushesW W No 140 Bells door No Books Blank No 14 Bedspreads No 319 Blacking boxes No 171 Brushes shoe No 34 Brushes shaving 24 Buttons boxes No 6 Buttons cards No 2 Brushes dustg No 3 Coats No826 Combs coarse No 100 Combs line No 27 Chambers No65 Coffeepots No25 Carvers No 8 Cups saucers No292 Cups tin No191 Clocks No 3 Caps No16 Cards playing pks 28 Candlesticks No 36 Cloth oil table yds 89 Curtains No 41 Camphorgum lbs 10 Castors sets No 10 Calico yds 5 Dishes No 24 Drawers prs936 Dippers No116 Dishes sugar No 13 Dresses strong No 34 Dishes covered No 13 Demijohns No 1 Fans No 87 Goblets No86 Handkerchiefs No 99 Bats No635 Ink indelible oz 65 Jugs No 1 Knives forks No 88 Locks safe No 8 Lanterns No 1 Lamp wicks No 32 Leather sole lbs5 Mattresses No152 Mirrors No 5 Needles papers No 4 Pillowcases No942 Plates No275 Plates tin No25 Pencils No13 Pans mess No 29 Pans wash No385 Pitchers No81 Pants prs1374 PenstatTs No 3 Pens No 5 Pipes No11 Pillowticks No 22 Pitchers syrup No 13 Razors No19 Razorstraps No 27 Shirts No1353 Sheets No1072 Sheets oil No46 Shoes prs635 Slippers prs 88 Shoo strings prs 951 Spectacles prs 21 Suspendeis prs733 Socks prs1823 Scissors prs 13 Shirts under No209 Spoons No333 Soap toilet cakes 989 Spittoons No24 Soap stands No36 Salt cellars No 31 Tacks papers No 23 Towels No507 Tumblers No89 Tubs foot No49 Trays bread No11 Thimbles No 2 Thread ball No 3 Threadspool No 34 Vests No191 Waiters No 6 ESTo Colored Female Wards Aprons No 9 Brooms No 131 Buckets water No 73 Su2s P No 11 DressesroallcoNo 9 Curtail No12Sheets No134 Dishes No Drawers prs Bedtieks No 19a Buttons boxes No 10 Blankets prs249 Brushes W v No 54 Boards wash No 12 Bedsteads No 20 Bonnets No 14 Boobs blank No 1 Buttons cards No 3 Carvers No1 Combs coarse No51 2 14 3 Dippers No53 Dresses homespun 239 Dresses strong No 20 Jugs No 1 Knitting needles sets 1 Lanterns2 Lamp wicks No ido Needles papers No28 Plates No 12 Plates tin No 3S8 Pans mess No Coffeepots No15 Panswashnm Chemise No109 Pitchers No 3 HnVNxi 054 Pillowcases No io4 rnHifGN Nr20 Pins hair bunches 1 Candlesticks ho 24 PUlowticks No 73 table yds lolPad Locks No 2 Cloth Sheets oil No 1 Shoes prs292 Shoestrings prs 2 Skirts under No 100 Spoons No 127 Stockings prs344 Scissors prs 3 Sadirons No 18 Slippers prs9 Sacques No 1 Sheeting yds 44 Tumblers No 24 Trays bread No 2 Thread ball lbs28 Thread spool No 24 Tubs wash No 8 Thimbles No 24 Towels No 14 Thread knitting lbs3 Waists under No 4 Consolidated Issues to ColoredMale Wards Aprons No2 Axes Noa Blankets prs 259 Bedtieks No79 BowlsNo6 Brooms No78 Bedsteads No 87 Buckets water No 25 Buckets tin No Brushes V W No 48 Books blank No 12 1 Sffi Nv17GPans wash No170 r f JC N9 Pitchers No 4 Candlesticks No 8 P Coats Noiso j Bugles No Blacking boxes No 12 Brushes shoe iNo 2 Brushes shaving No 3 Buttons cards No 3 Buttons boxes No 13 Combscoarse No 44 Coffeepots Nol3JPans mess No Carvers No2 Dishes No 1 Drawers prs 337 Dippers No 4 Dresses strong No2C Handkerchiefs No 7 Hats No iig Ink indelible nz 5 Knives forks No l Locks pad No 4 Lamp wicks No82 Mirrors No 2 Pillowcases No 308 Plates tiniNo 96 Pencils No 21 Pants No497 Pillowticks No131 Bazors No 2 Shirts No1 754 Sheets No234 Sheets oil No 5 Shoos prs356 Shoestrings No 24 Spoons No48 Suspenders pairs 236 Socks pairs295 Scissors pairs 1 Shirts under No 37 Thread ball No5 lhread spool No 11 Trays bread No 1 Vests No 14 52 State Lunatic Asylum Consolidated Issues or Matebial to Matbon Buttonsboxes No136 Bleaching yds286 Baking pans No 3 Bedticklng yds161 Brooms No1 Checks yds7196 Calico vds9392 Cloth oil yds32 Crash yds1828 Cottonades yds3044 Corsets No13 Collars No31 Drilling yds6507 Dishes berry No 24 Fruit jars No76 Flannel vds700 Goblets No 12 Ink indelible oz6 Jeans yds3960 Knitting needles sets 2 Muslin yds60 Mosquito bars No3 Needles papers No 194 Needles mattress No2 Napkins No24 Osnaburgs yds5107 Pins papers No3 Pique yds60 Plaids yds4 Ruffling yds12 Ribbon yds120 Shirting yds12521 Sheeting yds 13075 Ticking yds1068 Threadspooldz 30356 Thread knitting lbs 4 Thread balls lbs 14 Tacks papers No 2 Thimbles No 2 Twine balls No 13 Towels No12 Issues toFill Physicians Requisitions EggsNo83311 Lemons No341 I Sugar lbs 4750 Issues fob Picnic Butter lbs63 Eggs doz 97 Flour lbs392 Icelbs 618 Jars fruit No5 Lemons boies31 Pepper lbs7 Lard lbs22 I Pork lbs918 Muttonlbs1108 Sugar lbs305 Meal lbs192 I Vinegar gals11 Pickles gals80 Issues to Matbon fob Presebvfs and Jellies Blackberriesbul Whortleberries bu2 Sugar lbs69 Peaches bu4 Applts bu2 Issues of Provisions c Apples green bu57 Apples dried lbs1018 Bacon lbs112151 Butter lbs15777 Beef lbs297328 Bananas bunches 2 Berries qts428 Coffee lbs22623 Cracker3 lbs440 Chickens No894 Candles lbs4320 Cheese lbs6596 Candy lbs213 Cocoanuts No50 Eggs No 14029 Flour lbs229365 Fish lbs8571 Hominy lbs49327 Hops lbs13 Dates lbs220 Lard lbs14816 Meal lbs140422 Molassesgal2741 Mutton lbs457 Nuts lbs 250 Oranges No1250 Peaches bu41 Pork lbs10455 Pepper lbs463 Potash cs No160 Rice lbs41054 Salt sacks No163 Soap lbs 4580 Soda lbs379 Sugar lbs29030 Starch lbs1349 Svrup gals337 Tbbacjo lbs3836 Tea lbs1018 Turpentine sptsgl 193 Turkeys No43 Vinegar gal479 Issues to Gaeden and Oechaed Axes No4 Axe handles No4 Back bands No4 Bridles No1 Buckets water No6 Beans seed bu3 Beet seed lb4 Buckets well No2 Cabbage seed lb 3 Cucumber seedlb2 Corn seed bu Collard seed lb2 Dippers No8 Eggplant seed ozl Hame string No 8 Hoes No12 deei pins No6 Needles papers No1 Onion sets seed bu 11 Plows No12 Plow stock No4 Potatoes Irseed bis 15 Peas Eng seed bu Potatoes S seed bu8 Plow lines prs4 Peas cow seed bu 14 Pepper seed oz2 Paint cans No1 Radish seed lbs2 Saddles No1 Saddle Blankets Nol Squash seed lbs 3 Singletrees No4 Sweeps No2 Scouters No10 Shovels S T No 10 Saddle girts No1 Tomato seed lb 1 Turnip seed lb40 Thread spool No 1 Trace chains No1 Wedges No3 Watering pot No1 ViTiUxiU Beport op Store Keeper Axes No Alpacca yds Brushes W Vf No 2 Buckets Water No 2 Issues to Oarpenteb3 Department Brooms No7 Sad irons No Bits auger No 0Ribbon yds 2 e8 No24 Shirting yds 769 Hammers No2 Trowels No 1 Planes No1 Issues to Laundry Issues to Dairy Department Buckets TVVeUNo3 I sWo7 1 Strainer No Chain Well net Mllk ca18 No Well whirl No iJTOjBDINAEY AND EXTRAORDINARY REPAIRS BucketsTin No Brooms No 3 Buckets waterNo2 Buckets well No8 Butts prs 91 Glass Boxes No 1G Glass panes No 137 Locks pass No 119 Locks stock No1 Locks safe No 4 Lanterns No1 Bocks pad No 9 Paint Jbs g Rope well feet 609 Well chain feot199 Well whirl No 2 Varnish galsin Axes No 1 Brooms No Belts Leather No 5 Buckets water No 8 Bolts doz 12 Brushes W VNo4 Butts prs 12 Issues to Machine Department Dippers No3 Oil cloth yds Hinges prs1 Lamps No 1 Lanterns No Lamp wicks No Locks sate No 1 a 6 Leather sole lbs2 Bridles No Breeching prs 4 Breast straps pr 1 Buckets water No 3 Buckets well No 3 Issues to Farm and Wagon Lot Collars No Curry combs NoIs Hamestriiigs prs 18 Harness set No1 Lines leather prs4 Lines cotton prs3 Rope well feet224 Spades No 1 Shovels No1 Well chain feet85 Buckets water No 3 Cups tinNo 1 Hoes No e Issues to Grading Department Heel pinsNoCSpades No Hamestriiigs No 10 Scouters No shovelsNo3Sweeps No 3 18 Issues to Apothecary grooms No 11 Soda lbs Candlesticks No Bans tin No 5 1 Tubs foot No 1 1 bugar lbs240 Towels No A Issues to Assistant Physicians Office Buckets water No 2 Bowls No 1 Brooms No1 Candlesticks No 2 Dippers No2Towels No 12 piLcl0th ydsT6 Tubs foot No 2 Pans wash No3 Tacks papers No 2 Issues to Superintendents Office EroomsNo11 ShiNo3TsttinZ3 3V Pad locks No 2 Pick handleso Shovels No 4 Sash cord feet 52 iTarn bunches No 1limhiilgt 54 State Lunatic Asylum CORSOLIDATED ISSUES TO KITCHEN AND BAKERY Aprons No102 Axes No1 Axe handles No1 Brushes shoe No1 Brushes paint No1 Brushes dust No2 Brooms No10 Brushes W W No 6 Buckets tin No5 Buckets water No 5 Brushes scrub No 3 BeltsNo2 Beef saws No1 Boilers No2 Batter cake turner No 1 Biscuit cutter No1 Cuns tin No8 Coffee pots No9 Uans oil No1 Carver and fork No 4 Cans milk No2 Churn No1 Cups and saucers No 4 Candlestick No 1 Clock No Dippers No 14 Dishes No4 Fleshfork No1 Griddles No2 Grassblade No 1 Hatchets No1 Knives No4 Lanterns No1 Ladles No1 Muffin pans No3 Measures No Pans tin No2 Pans wash No2 Pans mess No6 Pitchers No1 Plates No19 Padlocks No2 Pepper mill No1 Plates No4 Boiling pin NoI Sauce pans No1 Spoons No11 Stove polish pkgs 1 Spiders No1 Sieve No1 Stove pans No33 Trays No2 Towels No2 Clothing and Other Articles Received from Matron From Oct 1st 1885 to Oct 1st 1836 Aprons No289 Bedticks No055 Bonnets No140 Billiard Covers1 Coats No4 Curtains No140 Chemise No947 Capes No21 Carpets No1 Drawers No Dresses No Gowns No Hose prs 2374 2188 306 9 Pants No2212 Pillow cases No 2170 Pillow ticks No380 Sheets No1679 Skirts under No 860 Shirts No2738 Suspenders prs 1162 Socks prs14 Sacques No72 Shirts under No 23 Towels No1460 Waist uDder No 28 Tbeasueers Kepobt General Appropriation for Year Ending Odder 1st 1888 THOMAS T WINDSOE Treasurer In account with State Lunatic Asylum 18857 9C 1 To balance cash on hand 3208 28 Uct 27 To Eequisition 14 583 33 g 26 14583 33 1QQ1 J0OO DO Jan 22 a koo oq Ppl 99 140bo oi eb 2 14583 33 arf 14583 33 4pnl on 14583 33 f 20 14583 33 ne 20 14583 33 iul 20 14583 33 g 20 14583 33 SeP 20 14i583 37 Total178208 28 1886 Oct 1 By expenditures subsistence 52 104 66 jotting 13112 37 1 uei and transportation 19 470 Q0 Salaries 13J64 86 Wages 43170 62 Ordinary repairs 5715 47 Medical supplies 3 311 53 Stationery and postage 352 29 Contingencies 1343 64 extraordinary repairs 15 992 35 18g6 168337 79 Oct 1 Leaving balance on hand this day 9870 49 178208 28 56 State Lunatic Asylum SPECIAL APPROPRIATION T T WINDSOR Treasurer In account with State Lunatic Asylum 1885 Oct 1 To balance on hand3124 09 Nov 19 To Requisition 5375 53 8499 62 Cit By amountsfpaid on convalescent wards T O Brown contractor4991 00 T C Basshor Co contractors 1478 00 C A Robbe 2030 62 E e 8499 62 October 1st 1886 T T WINDSOR Treasurer Special Appkopriation for Roof Iu account with State Lunatic Asylum 1886 April 30 To Requisition3000 00 Cr 1886 Auk 10 By expenditures on new roof of asylum building 3000 00 T T Windsor Treasurer Milledgeville October 1st 1886 E E Matrons Eeport 57 MATRONS REPOR1 i STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM Near Milledgeville Ga October 1st 1886 Dr r O Powell Superintendent Georgia State Lunatic Asylum I have the honor to submit the enclosed as my report tor the year ending October 1st 1886 In addition to my report I would state that all the repairing has been done for the Institution and all scraps and remnants have been used and accounted for through the office of the store keeper Eespectfully submitted MBS J M DAENELL Clothing and Other Articles Made from October 1st 1885 to October 1st 1886 Aprons No 289 Pillow cases No2170 Pillow ticks No 380 Sheets No1679 Shirts under No 800 Shirts No2738 Suspenders Prs1162 Socks Prs 14 Sacques No 72 Skirts under No 23 Towels No1460 Bedticks No 655 Bonnets No 140 Billiard covers No Coats No Curtains No 140 Carpets No 5 Drawers Prs2374 Dresses No2188 Gowns No 306 Hose Prs 9 Waists under No 28 Pants Prs22121 List of Articles Made for Patients Material Sent from Their Homes from Oct 1st 1885 to Oct 1st 1886 Aprons No 24Gowns No 19 Basques No 4 Pants Prs 2 Bonnets No 1 Skirts under No 23 ChimesesNo 36 Shirts under No 4 Carpets No 1 Sacques No 1 Dresses No 76 Wrappers No 4 Drawers Prs 17 Pickles Preserves c Made by Matron from Oct 1st 1885 to Oct 1st 1886 Canned fruit gals Jelly glasses 46Preserves gals 16 90jPickles gals 87 Farm and Garden Department De T O Powell Supt State Lunatic Asylum Sir I herewith submit my 5th annual report of Farm and Garden Department embracing the period from October 1st 1885 to September 30 1886 PBODUCTS OP FABM AND GARDEN 85 bushels spinach 420 bushels turnip salad 1185 bushels of turnips 42 bushels English peas 580 bushels onions 306 bushels Irish potatoes 76 bushels beets 65 bushels squashes 148 bushels snap beans 162 bushels butter beans 36 bushels cucumbers 715 bushels field peas green and dry 21 acres cabbage 150 bushels dry corn 2400 dozen green corn 4 acres schallots 64 bushels radish 52 bushels okra pepper asparagus artichokes 1000 bushels sweet potatoes 198 bushels tomatoes With no disposition to magnify my own efforts in en deavoring to make the farm and garden a success or to make any unnecessary complaint of the weather or any other causes that have stood in the way of a better re sult it is well enough to state such facts as relate to the years work Taken altogether I remember no year in the past 15 that has been so unfavorable as this one for the successful growth of succulent crops such as we mostly grow for this insti tution A very cold winter a dry spring a wet summer and a dry autumn presented the acme of adverse condi tions for successful gardening Our soil is altogether up landvery thin rocky and rolling and naturally is about as poor as any soil in this section and it is only folly to base any expectations of satisfactory results on its natural fertility It is only through the means of ma nure properly and liberally applied that good crops can be secured from it Considering the weather and the small quantity of manure used our gardens have done very well this year Our cabbage crop was almost totally60 State Lunatic Asylum ruined by tho wet weather Our Irish potato crop was cut off nearly onehalf and the same of tomatoes The fall drouth has damaged badly our turnip and sweet potato cropboth being cut off 50 per cent or more We had in cultivation in garden crops including potatoes corn and peas about 80 acres on much of which 2 crops have been grown on some little 3 crops Considering the area in cultivation and the tediousness involved in the gathering of these vegetable products most of them the labor account is certainly very small and indicates faith ful work on the part of the laborersnot over 5 being employed during the yearthat is for plowing and culti vating and carting Respectfully submitted SAMUEL A COOK Farm and Garden Dept Midway October 2d 188C I appenda table of rainfall mean temperature highest and lowest for twelve months past at the asylum 1885 October November December 1886 January February March April May June July August September 480 174 266 731 156 571 129 259 1097 408 554 59 64 53 443 398 445 539 628 714 779 80 80 772 ighest Lowest 78 39 77 28 73 21 69 6 70 13 78 26 86 31 95 43 94 64 95 64 96 62 91 62 ArOTHECARYs KePORT 61 APOTHECARYS REPORT STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM Milledgeville Ga October 1st 1886 T O Powell M D Superintendent Etc Sib I have the honor herewith to submit this my report of the Apothecary Department for the year commencing October 1st 1885 and ending September 30th 1886 both days inclusive To amount drugs purchased13 g go Of this amount we have sold to officers and employees for which deduction from checks were made and for which the Apothecary is entitled to credit 399 66 1886 Oct 1 Amount of drugs and medicines on hand1419 24 Surgical instruments and prescription blanks on hand C07 43 2026 66 No of prescriptions filled during year from October 1st 1885 to October 1st 1886 13 0S3 All of which is most respectfully submitted P A WEST Apothecary Chaplains Eeport 63 CHAPLAINS REPORT Mjlledgeville Ga September 30 188C Dr T O Powell Superintendent State Lunatic Asylum Dear Sir I beg to present herewith my annual report as chaplain to the institution over which you preside The duties assigned to my office have been discharged to the best of my ability Almost without exception the regular chapel services have been conducted on Wednesday and Sunday afternoons The exercises have been well attended by the pa tients and many of them have manifested a gratifying interest in these seasons of worship The attractiveness of the chapel services has been largely promoted by the efforts of Mrs P A West who has acted as organist and in many ways aided inthe conduct of the music The burial of the dead has been attended with appropriate services the sick have been visited whenever deemed advisable by the physician in charge and such other duties performed as have been required by the superintendent Very respectfully A J BECK Chaplain UHHi m HdttHIHHl