Georgia alert; a look at education's role today, 1968 September - 1969 May

Schools Are Open for Breakfast!

Nothing too extreme
A whole new attitude
On Board

... . .. . ... .page 6
page 9 page 12

Volume 3, Number 1 /September 1968

When Georgia schools' doors opened a few weeks ago, so did the doors to school cafeterias-for breakfast as well as lunch.
Breakfast? Yes. The importance of the morning meal to the overall education picture has been recognized by educators as well as nutritionists.
Of course, every Georgia school does not have a breakfast program, but many do. Last year, 57 Georgia schools took part in the U. S. Department of Agriculture's pilot breakfast program.
The breakfast program was set up by the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, the purpose of which is to furnish a breakfast for those students who are especially needy or who arrive at school hungry because they have been bussed to school from a long distance.
Since then, studies in Georgia and other states across the nation have proven the value of this program. As a result, Congress has passed a bill that both increases funds for the program and extends it for another three years.
The improved behavior and learning ability of children who took part in the program last year has been noted by many educators. For many of the children, it was a new experience-they weren't accustomed to eating breakfast.
Another, and unexpected, benefit of the program was its effect on the social behavior of many children. Several teachers in the Georgia schools that took part in the breakfast program have commented on the ways some children who were withdrawn became more alert and receptive after they started eating breakfast in a group atmosphere. It is believed that the families of many of these pupils rarely, if ever, sit down to eat together.
The attitudes of school food service personnel in these
Contin ued on page 3

2

a look at education's role today

. 'Not Only a Profession,
but an Enjoyable One .

.,

As we begin a new school year, I want to say how grateful I am for the past accomplishments of our experienced teachers and administrators and to extend a warm welcome to those of you who have not worked in Georgia schools before. I know that you new teachers and administrators will join with those who have been with us before to blend together all those forces which go to make up a quality program of education.
During my entire 26 years in education we have been talking about "change" in education. So change is nothing new. But we certainly live now in a time of extensive change in education. We have new technologies, new equipment, new materials and methods, new facilities , even entirely new concepts in school buildings.
But let us not be afraid of change. Let us instead remember that this change represents much progress which has resulted from our working together-the Governor, the General Assembly, the Georgia Department of Education, teachers, administrators and citizens all over the State. We should be proud of this change, this progress.
Ours is not only a time of change, it is one of anxieties and frustrations brought about by problems incidental to civil rights, the Viet Nam war and political decisions facing the nation. Everyone-parents, students, teachers-feels these tensions. And anxieties in the home make for anxieties in the classroom.
Increased activities in the area of teacher negotiations are causing changes in the whole professional structure of education in the country. This sort of change also creates anxiety.
But I believe that neither change nor anxiety will keep the majority of teachers and school administrators from carefully putting together and operating programs of instruction that are much better than we have had in the past.
I believe that teachers and administrators should have a feeling of security, because the people of Georgia are concerned and are working toward a truly great program of public education.
On behalf of the State Board of Education and the Georgia Department of Education, I pledge our continued support in helping you as teachers, administrators, schools and svstems to solve the individual problems which you face. We will work to make teaching not only a profession, but an enjoyable one.

insideeducation
with
Jack P. Nix State Superintendent of Schools

a look at education's role today 3
reakfast Gong Rings Along with School Bell

James B. King, right, school lunch manager at Carter School, . ,.,ntrnt>< as assistant , Mrs. Rosa Mae Blount, prepares bacon and
for breakfast. The school in Talbot County, where Jam es dricks is superintendent, was serving breakfast even before the w fede ral brea k fas t program began.
~- " - .nd from page 1
.~.....11vv~ were good , and some were enthusiastic. In at one school, the mother of one first grade student out each morning on a volunteer basis.
Generally, the results of the breakfast program in schools have been: a decrease in the percentage
tardiness; improved alertness in the morning; improved of the class; obvious weight gains, as well
improved skin texture and tone; reduced number of and minor sicknesses; and a greater participation
classroom activities. As one superintendent said, 'The children now wait for the bus; before the breakfast
the bus waited for the children." Schools participating in the breakfast program receive cash reimbursement of up to 15 cents toward the
of each breakfast. Funds are provided by the Child Act of 1966. In addition, participating
s are allowed use of USDA-donated commoditi~s. Children usually pay from five to fifteen cents per meal, enough to cover the cost of preparing and serving the breakfast. However, the children who are unable to pay even this small sum, and there are many, can eat breakfast at no cost. Last year, 315,964 breakfasts were served in the 57 Georgia schools, with 166,974 of these served at no cost. In turn, Georgia received $41 ,640.01 in cash reimbursement from the Consumer and Marketing Service. The program is administered by the Georgia Department of Education as a part of the school food service

.School Lunch Week Slated
The School Lunch Program will be 22 y~ars old when it celebrates Oct. 13-19yas School Lunch Week and anniversary of the signing of the National School Lunch Act.
Observation of the week will include. it~ . designation by President Johnson and Governor Maddox, the presentation of school iuncb participation certificates to 700 schools which achieved participation of 88 ~rcent or better and statewide publicity by radio, television and other m~ia.
program. Miss Josephine Martin directs the State School Food Service Program. School officials who are interested in this program should contact the State School Food Service Office for details.
All schools participating in the breakfast program must serve meals that meet nutritional requirements of the U.S.D.A. Each breakfast must include Y2 pint of milk, 1 oz. protein food, lfz cup of fruit juice, vegetable juice or fruit and 34 cup of hot cereaL or a cereal product such as toast, muffins or rolls. Protein-rich foods such as eggs, sausage, bacon, peanut butter or cheese are an integral part of breakfast.
Students at Ruth Carter School reach for juice to accompany their breakfast. A bout 200 of the 1,000 students enrolled at th e school take part in the breakfast program.

4

a look at education's role today

ETV Puts ~Education in Focus' in Topical Serie

"Education in Focus," the Department of Education's weekly series. of programs on the Georgia ETV Network, will study timely educational topics in a ten-minute documentary format this year.
The series began on September 16. Each ten-minute program will be shown at four times each week: 12:30 p.m. Mondays, 9:50 a.m. and 7:45 p.m. Thursdays and 7:30 p.m. Sundays.
The program is written by staff of Publications and Information Services and produced by the Georgia ETV Network. Scheduled from October through December are these programs: Oct. 7: Special
Presents excerpts of speeches by Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix and other edu-
Shaw Shares Time, Talent with Honors Music Students
Robert Shaw, director of the Atlanta Symphony, spent three days working with music students attending the Governor's Honors Program at Wesleyan College in Macon.
"It was the first time Mr. Shaw had shared his time and talents in such a way," said Frank Crockett, music consultant for the Georgia Department of Education. "The musical results and the dynamic personality of this internationally famous conductor provided a highlight for all students at the Governor's Honors Program and especially for those in the music field ," Crockett said.
Congressmen Affirm Support
Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix has received a telegram from Representative Carl D. Perkins, Chairman of the House Committee on Education and Labor, reaffirming his support and that of Representative Phil Landrum for programs of vocational education. The telegram cited the close association of the Georgia delegation with vocational education legislation through the years, beginning with the Smith-Hughes and GeorgeHarden Acts.

cators at the annual Governor's Conference on Education. Oct. 14: What Is This Thing Called Education? Looks at the question of whether or not school lunch may be considered "educational.' To help voters decide, when they face the question in November, whether state tax funds should be spent for school lunch purposes. Oct. 21: Whatever Happened to Good Old Miss Dove Looks at the new teacher-what is she like. What makes her that way? Oct. 28: Beyond the Three R's Explores the broad scope of education's rol today; school is no longer a place to learn only reading, writing and arithmetic. Nov. 4: What's the Difference? Explores the questions: have Standards really changed schools and education in Georgia? Should they be more strict? Do they really ask the right questions? Nov. 11: Special A panel discusses education legislation coming up in the 1969 Georgia General Assembly. Supt. Nix and Chairmen of the House and Senate Education Committees w participate. Nov. 18: Four Quarters Make a Whole An innovative approach to high school education on a year-round basis is being trie in Metropolitan Atlanta with a four-quarter plan. The program looks at how the idea works. Nov. 25: Instruction or Interruption? Explores the use of educational television in Georgia schools. Dec. 2: Putting Two and Two Together Looks at consolidation; is it good or bad? What does it mean to the people involved? Dec. 9: Special To be announced. Dec. 16: Just Get a Business License Explores the problem of the wide variation -in quality among private schools, which ar not state regulated in any way. To start one, just get a license .

a look at education's role today 5

Dr. Leslie Alvin Sanders, left, Supe>intendent of Coweta County Schools, presents State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix with a copy of his doctoral dissertation. Dr. Sanders joins a growing roster of Georgia educators who have earned doctor's degrees in recent years. Others include Dr. Milton S. McDonald of Rome, Dr. William H. Shaw of Muscogee County, Dr. Guy L. Taylor of Tift County, Dr. Carl G. Renfroe of Decatur, Dr. Charles P. McDaniel of Thomasville, Dr. Seabron C. Adamson and Dr. Thord M. Marshall of Chatham County, Dr. James Y. Moultrie of Fitzgerald, Dr. Garfield W. Wilson of Walton County.

Space-age Technology Comes to Georgia High Schools

Space-age technology is being taught in selected Georgia school systems for the first time this fall.
Georgia is leading the nation by starting a program in which high school students will receive instruction in their industrial arts classes showing the relationship of the aerospace industry to the various subject areas of industrial arts-drafting and design, power, electronics, metals, graphic arts and woods.
"One of the first space shots had to be postponed," says Raymond S. Ginn Jr., consultant in industrial arts education for the Georgia Department of Education, "because there was not a diesel mechanic available to do a repair job.
"If we are to do our job in industrial arts education, which is, to interpret American industry to the high school student so that he can select his proper job spot, then we cannot afford to neglect any area of American industry. And that certainly goes for the aerospace industry, one of the biggest."
The current new program evolved from a pilot program on which the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Georgia Department of Education collaborated last year at four colleges (Berry, Georgia Southern, Savannah State and the University of Georgia) and four high schools (West Rome, Rome; WinderBarrow, Winder; East Side, Columbus and Mark Smith, Macon).

During the summer, the same colleges held workshops in which industrial arts educators and graduate students prepared a curriculum in aerospace technology. It is being integrated into the present industrial arts curriculum in 27 Georgia high schools this fall.
School systems which began using the curriculum this fall are: Bibb, Bulloch, Chatham, Dougherty, Jackson, Houston, Rabun, Stephens, Muscogee, Richmond and Hall counties and Rome city.
Nix Honored in Grady
Georgia School Superintendent Jack P. Nix, during a trip to Grady County, toured the school system and was honored at a reception at the Roddenbery Memorial Library in Cairo. Miss Wessie Connell, librarian, was hostess.
Superintendent Nix in speeches during the trip cited Grady County's "excellent program of education" and pointed to the "splendid cooperation between the library and the school in supplementing school resources."
NASBE to Meet in Utah
The National Association of State Boards of Education will meet October 7-9 in Salt Lake City, Utah.

6

a look at education's role today

GET THE PICTURE?

'No experiment is too extreme to znsure a quality Georgia ETV picture
on the public schools' television receivers,' says Network Director of Engineering Harvey I. Aderhold. The ten-station, statewide network maintains a field services unit to aid school reception. In Georgia mountains where UHF reception can be difficult, above, a helium-filled balloon carries an antenna connected to test equipment on the ground. At right, a bucket truck carries an engineer high in the sky for
signal tests.

a look at education's role today 7

Attorney General Rules on Appeals, Bonding

Regarding the proper disposition of the "appeals" of eighty-one (81) Manor, Georgia, students from the July 10; 1968, action of the State Board of Education denying pursuant to Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-650 and Rules and Regulations, State of Georgia, Section 160-1-.13, their applications allegedly filed pursuant
hereto: "I am of the opinion that the decision of the State oard of Education on those applications was '... entirely discretionary with the State Board and
shall, in the absence of a clear abuse of discretion by the Board, be final and conclusive. Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-650.'
"Under these facts and the applicable law, I am of the opinion that the Board is without authority to consider these appeals, Murdock v. Perkins, 219 Ga. 756 (3) (1964), and suggest that you return the 'appeal' papers to the attorney for the students."
***
"As to whether or not a county board of education legally may pay the tax collector of the same county for the preparation of the county school tax digest,
"My answer must be in the negative, assuming that there is no constitutional law of local application which specifically authorizes such a practice in the county in question.
"According to laws of general applicability, one of the specific duties of county boards of education is
'. . . preparing tax digests and furnishing same to the tax collector of the county . . .' Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-1401.
"I am of the opinion that the appellate courts of this State would view the obligation to prepare and furnish such digest as one which involves the exercise of judgment and discretion and hence, not subject to being delegated by the county board of education to the tax commissioner. Levine v. Perry, 204 G. 323 (1948). Further, I am of the opinion that, absent valid local law to the contrary, county boards of education are not authorized to make to county tax collectors, and county tax collectors are not authorized to receive from county boards of education, payments for the preparation of such digests since there is no general provision of law which authorizes same. Freeney v. Geoghegan, 177 G. 142 {1933)."
***
"In answer to the questions: Is it lawful for a public school teacher to seek public elective office within the

same school district in which he is performing his contractural obligations as a teacher? and, It is lawful for a State employe to serve on an elective board in the county where he is employed?:
"I am aware of no statute of the State of Georgia which would make it unlawful for a public school teacher or a State employee to seek county elective office. For instance, Ga. Code Section 89-103 which prohibits any person from holding more than one county office, has been held not to apply to public school teachers. because the position of teacher is 'employment' arising from a contractural relationship as opposed to 'office' which is created by law. Board of Education of Doerun v. Bacon, 22 Ga. App. 72 (1918). Although there is no statutory ban against such employment, there may be other considerations affecting such employment. At common law, for example, public officers have consistently been prohibited from holding two incompatible positions at the same time because of the conflict of interests presented by being both master and servant. 67 C.J.S. Officers, Sec. 23. Thus, while a teacher could legally 'seek' such an office, he or she might be forced to choose between the office and the employment if 'to hold' such an office results in a conflict of interests.
"Similarly, a State employee might be precluded from holding county elective office by virtue of Rule 16 of the State Merit System which provides:
'No employe under the Merit System shall hold other public office or have conflicting employment while in the employ of any of the Departments of the Merit System. Determination of such conflict shall be made by the appointing authority concerned.'
***
"As to whether or not a local board of education may satisfy the requirements of Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 32-820 by purchasing a schedule bond covering more than one of its school principals. (You make reference to an unofficial opinion of the Attorney General ruling that a blanket bond is insufficient, and individual bonds are necessary, to comply with that section. OPS. ATIY. GEN. 1959, p. 112. A specimen copy of a schedule bond was enclosed with your letter.)-
"Either individual or schedule bonds are sufficient to comply with Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 32-280 if executed by the school principal or principals to whom they relate. However, the schedule bond enclosed with your Jetter is insufficient to comply with that section because
Continued on page 8

8

a look at education's role today

Opinions of the Attorney General Continued from page 7

it is not expressly conditioned upon faithful and true accounting for all public and other funds and all property coming into such principals' custody, control, care or possession. It is debatable whether or not the bonding of school principals may be accomplished by the execution of 'blanket bonds' which are not signed by the school principals.
"The relevant statutory provision is as follows: 'Any person now employed as principal and any person upon entering into employment as principal of any public school in this State shall execute a bond in an amount fixed by the local board of education having jurisdiction over such school. Said bond shall be made payable to such local board of education and shall be conditioned upon faithful and true accounting for all public and other funds and all property coming into such principal's custody, control, care or possession. The premiums of such bondS! shall be paid by the local board of education out of the county educational fund.' Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 32-820, Ga. L. 1959, p. 159. "The language of this section clearly requires that each school principal individually execute the bond. It does not, however, specifically require that separate bonds be secured for each principal nor, in my opinion, is such a requirement fairly to be implied from the section as a whole."
***
"As to whether local school systems may invest monies from the common school fund in United States Treasury Bills and Notes or whether such investments are forbidden by Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 32-942, which provides, in relevant part:
' . . . said funds . . . shall not be invested in bonds of this State, or in any other bonds or stocks, except when investment is necessary to carry out the conditions of an endowment, devise, gift or bequest.
"Except in those instances where the investment of a part of the common school fund in United States Treasury Bills and Notes is necessary to carry out the condition of an endowment, devise, gift or bequest, the monies in such fund may not be invested in such Bills or Notes."
***
"As to whether or not the Upson County Area Vocational-Technical School may charge tuition to students who reside outside Upson County . . .
"The answer to your question depends upon that certain agreement entered into between the Georgia State Board for Vocational Education and the Board of

Education for Upson County Area Vocational-Techni School, dated May 24, 1962, and particularly paragrap 12 thereof, which provides as follows:
'The Board of Education of Upson County Area Vocational-Technical School and the State Board for Vocational Education agree that the qualified students within the Thomaston vicinity, surrounding counties, and those within driving distances, and any other qualified citizen in the State who can arrange to attend provided the desired course or courses are not availab at some vocational school nearer the home of the prospective student, are eligible to enroll and attend this Area Vocational-Technical School tuition-free.'
"Upon the assumption that this contract still is in full force and effect, and has not been modified or rescinded so as to affect paragraph 12, above quoted, it is my official opinion that the Board of Education of Upson County Area Vocational-Technical School m not lawfully charge tuition to any student who qualifies under the express terms of paragraph 12 of the aforesaid contract."
***
"As to whether the Georgia State Board of Educati is authorized to receive and approve the enclosed appe bond; as I understand the facts, the persons who executed the bond appealed to the State Board of Education as to the location of a school. The State Board affirmed the decision of the local board and th persons now seek to have the issues heard by the Superior Court.
"I am of the opinion that neither Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 6-105, cited by the attorney for the appellants, nor any other provision of Georgia law authorizes the Georgia State Board of Education to receive and appro the enclosed appeal bond."
Schools Lack 750 Teachers
Georgia school systems were short only 750 teachers to fill approximately 46,000 teacher positions when th opened their doors this fall, according to State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix. As of Aug. 31, 179 of the State's 194 systems had reported vacancies. At the same time last year there were approximately 1,0 vacancies; in the fall of 1966, 2,000, Mr. Nix said.

a look at education's role today 9

Back to School?
Title I Pupils Can't Wait!
I

Over 300,000 Georgia school children began school this fall with a whole new attitude. For some, it was the first time they had been eager for school to begin.
Their new enjoyment of school began last year when they participated in some of the 335 Title I, ESEA, projects in the State. School system personnel plan these programs according to the greatest needs of school children in their systems.
Services and programs offered included special reading programs (the most frequently offered), art programs, school social work, provision of health, dental, medical and psychological services, transportation and furnishing clothing. Three state institutions and 170 Georgia school systems offered the programs.
Many children who came to school only irregularly or not at all before the Title I programs attended regularly when they began receiving help for their special needs. Others who could not keep up with their classmates or had dropped behind in a subject received tutorial help and other personal attention and then were able to progress faster. Many children ate their only daily meal at schools with Title I food programs.
According to Jack P. Nix, State School Superintendent, "Title I programs in 1968 can certainly be termed successful. We know that they helped increase attendance, decrease dropouts and fill the needs that otherwise would have gone untouched. They reached children in elementary and secondary schools, offered every sort of activity and class. We had Title I projects in vocational education, training for teachers and kindergarten among the more than 32 different types offered." Title I funds are distributed on the basis of the number of school-age children in the system from families with less than $2,000 annual income. Total grant to Georgia for fiscal year 1968 was $37,424,915.
Largest grant in FY 1968 was to Atlanta School System, which received $2,571,147 for projects during the school year and $665,382 for a special summer program. Chatham County received the next largest grant, $588 ,537. Smallest grant to a Georgia school system was $4,549 to Calhoun City System.
School leaders plan their own projects around what educationally deprived children in their system need most. The plans are submitted to State Department of Education Title I Coordinator R. C. Beemon and consultants for approval. Each system had a special person designated to coordinate Title I activities.

10 a look at education's role today

They Hire
the
Rehabilitated
Employers of persons rehabilitated through services of the Department of Education Office of Vocational Rehabilitation Services were cited for their cooperation during a meeting of the State Board of Education. Among those honored were, in photos left to right, top row, Col. A. ! . McDermott representing Atlanta Army Depot, F. M. Hobson of General Services Administration, Hammond Smith , U.S. Civil Service Commission; bottom row, left to right, George Camp of the U.S. Post Office, Lt. Col. Kiefer Tucker of Dobbins Air Force Base and Dr. John Hood of the VA Hospital, Atlanta.

Scholarships Put 342 Future Teachers Through College
State Teacher Scholarships totaling $265,799 are helping 342 Georgia college freshmen through school
this fall. The scholarships are awarded by the State Board
of Education to young Georgians who plan to go to college and become teachers in the State's public elementary, high school or vocational-technical schools. Scholarships range from $300 to $1 ,000 for an academic year.
The scholarships are in the form of loans, but recipients may cancel their obligation to repay the loans by teaching in Georgia schools.
High school seniors are eligible for the scholarships if they are residents of Georgia, have a high school average of "B" or better with commensurate SAT scores, are planning to attend a Georgia college and plan to teach in Georgia.
Scholarship recipients must maintain an overall average of "B" or better while in college.
There are 1,012 Georgia college students now receiving State Teacher Scholarship funds. The program was begun in 1960, and since that time 1,062 Georgians have completed college under the program and are now teaching in Georgia schools.

FEDERAL EDUCATION FUN MAY BE DOWN THIS YEAR
Although final allocations of funds for education programs will not be known until Senate and House versions of the appropriations bill are compromised, action by the two committees gives some indication of what is to come.
Final appropriations figures are likely to be about halfway between the Senate and House versions, and this indicates that most major programs will be from last year's level.
The Senate Committee was a bit more generous than the House; still, most of its recommendations are the 1968 level.
For Title I, the Senate recommends $1.123 billion, $67.9 million below the 1968 program level;
For Title II, $60 million, a decrease of $39 .2 million below 1968;
For Title III, $155.9 million, $31.8 million less than in 1968;
For Title V-A, NDEA, for guidance, counseling and testing, $17 million, $7 .5 million less than 1968;
Assistance for schools in federally impacted areas, $520.8 million, an increase of $11.6 million over 1968;
Education Professions Development Act, $196.9 million, $33 million more than in 1968.

a look at education's role today 11

V High School Offers Diploma Study Chance

For some the many crash programs to reduce the umber of high school dropouts are too late. In Georgia 50,000 adults have less than an eighth grade educaion. What about them? They are not forgotten. The Georgia Department of
dams Promoted, _New Staff ppointed by Department
Bert K. Adams has been appointed Assistant State Superintendent of Schools for Department Staff Services, State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix bas announced.
Mr. Adams was named acting assistant superintendent to succeed Dr. Kenneth Tidwell, now with Southeastern Education Laboratory.
Other new appointments in the Department of Education include Dr. Richard E. Ottinger, formerly with the Glynn County Board of Education, as Executive Director of the Georgia Educational Television Network; Carlton J. Thaxton, former director of the
oastal Plains Regional Library, Tifton, as Chief, Public Library Unit; Glen English, Production Manager, . eorgia ETV Network; William H. Schabacker, Associate
irector for Research; Dr. Will G. Atwood Jr., ducation Program Coordinator for Title II; Dr. illiam R. Luckie, Associate Director for Planning; ess P. Elliott, Coordinator of Evaluation.
Safety Brochure Available
The Georgia Department of Public Health, in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Public Safety, has published a brochure, "Wrecks Don't Just Happen; They're Caused." It is available in quantity rom either of the agencies. Driver Education teachers in Georgia schools and other school officials concerned
ith promoting safe driving may obtain free copies Y requesting them from the agencies in Atlanta.
AVA Convention Here in '73
The American Vocational Association will hold its 973 convention in Atlanta. The Board of Directors bas otified George Mulling, State Director of Vocational ducation, that Georgia's invitation to meet here has een accepted.

Education Adult Education Unit and the Georgia Educational Television Network have planned television classes in basic education especially for this group of adults.
TV High School will present 60 half-hour programs Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 7 a.m., repeated at 6:30 p.m. Scheduled times for the programs allow people who work to tune in at the most convenient time.
The 20 weeks course will cover five basic subjectsnatural sciences, English grammar, social studies, general mathematics and literature.
By following these lessons in their homes, adults can prepare for the General Education Development Exam. After passing the GED test, adults 20 or over can receive their high school equivalency certificates. Programs. began September 17.
According to Mrs. Catherine Kirkland, coordinator, Adult Education Unit, Georgia Department of Education, the programs should have an audience of 50,000 people, and she expects that a high percentage of these will eventually receive High School Equivalency certificates.
Conference on Teaching Composition Scheduled
The Linguistics Research and Demonstration Center, a project of Rome City Schools under ESEA Title III, is sponsoring a weekend conference on teaching composition October 25 and 26.
Speakers will be Dr. Mary Tingle, University of Georgia; Mrs. Juanita Abernathy, Georgia Department of Education; Dr. Wallace Douglas, Dr. Stephen Judy, Mrs. Rita Hansen, Curriculum Center in English, Northwestern University.
Special attention will be given to the past, present and future of teaching composition. Some topics for discussion will be "Another Look at Structure and Sequence in Composition," The Importance of Talk," "Language Development of Children."
Information and/ or registration forms may be obtained from:
Ronald Midkiff, Director Linguistics Research and Demonstration Center Rome City Schools Rome, Georgia 30161

ON BOARD: 'Walton County Must Uphold Contract'

Georgia's Board of Education in August denied an appeal of the Walton County Board of Education seeking reversal of an earlier State Board ruling withholding funds from the Walton School System for failure to comply with a contract.
The contract in question was signed in 1964 and called for consolidation of grades nine through twelve of Loganville High School with the Monroe Area High School and for closing of the Good Hope Elementary School and its consolidation with Monroe Elementary School. The Walton Board agreed to consolidate the Good Hope School, but sought to be released from terms of the contract requiring consolidation of the Loganville School. The State Board voted earlier in the summer to withhold funds from Walton County for failure to comply with the contract.
* **
In other action at its August meeting the State Board: Heard a report of the Study Committee on H.B. 1375 (which requires school class rings to be purchased by competitive bid) and recommended that school systems implement the law as passed by the Georgia General Assembly in 1968 session; approved agreements between: (1) the State Board of Education and the State Board of Corrections proyiding occupational training for selected offenders in the prisons operated by the Board of Corrections when and as funds are made available for specific programs, and (2) between the State Board of Education and the State Department of Public Health for providing suitable training in health occupations; accepted a Ford Foundation grant of $97,344 for the development of a series of television programs centered around youth; accepted bequest of $200 from a Macon woman and directed that it be added to the Georgia

Academy for the Blind Trust Fund; approved leasing three educational television series; approved dation of the finance committee that Bulloch County Board of Education be permitted to delay the -~''""'",.. tion of Mary Jackson Elementary School because of developments involved in a desegregation suit; re(]IUe!IW that Superintendent Ethington of Mcintosh County a proposal for the consolidation of Sapelo Island approved the FY 1969 budgets of Henry County and Walton County Boards of Education on the condition each levy 20 mills for maintenance and operation; delayed approval of the FY 1969 budgets of Worth and Jeff Davis County Boards of Education pending further study by the financial review staff; re<:onltmtendetl that local school systems adopt policies providing for competitive bids in transactions involving expenditure state funds in excess of $500; approved a contract with Floyd County Board of Commissioners for the of Coosa Vocational-Technical School; recorded the Fitzgerald City Board of Education as having suommeo! resolution requesting capital outlay funds for consolid of all high school students in Fitzgerald and Ben Hill County, recommended that new application be by the Fitzgerald Board of Education and the City Council, and noted that a new 50-year contract with Ben Hill County Board of Education should be executed; approved a request for transfer agreement of Van Nostrand Company textbooks to Lytton approved a pilot program for autistic children in County to be conducted by the DeKalb County Board of Education, the State Health Department and the Georgia Department of Education.
Next Committee meetings: October 9
Next Board meeting: October 16

BULK RATE U. S. Postage
PAID
Atlanta, Georgia Permit Number 168
Acquistit1ons Div. University of Ga. Libraries University of Georgia Athens, Ga. 30601

r IVERSITy OF GEORGIA
Nov 2 21968

'3 /6

In this issue:
A quiet revolution . . . . . . . . page 6
On Board . . . . . . .. .. . . . page 11
Who will it
be? . . . . . . . page 5

State Education Needs Total Near Half Billion

Georgia needs kindergartens . . . a lower pupil-teacher ratio .. . four-quarter school ... driver education programs . .. supplies and materials for pupils more textbooks, library materials and transportation ... higher salaries for its teachers ... more money for maintenance and operation of schools ... more classrooms . . . programs for the gifted and the handicapped ... and more ...
In short, Georgia needs more and better education for people. Because the state's future depends: on the
its young citizens receive today. Not tomorrow. ot next year. Not when we can c0nveniently afford it. Now.
So say Georgia's education leaders. Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix , staff of the
artment of Education and top education leaders took long look at Georgia's education needs. Conclusion
that it will cost the state almost a half-billion dollars pay for vitally needed educational programs for the
year of the 1969-71 biennium. A similar amount be needed the second year. Educators-both lay and professional-will take their
and budget to the people of the state during the of November. A series of ten meetings has been

scheduled in Congressional districts over Georgia, with Superintendent Nix and representatives from other education organizations such as the Georgia School Boards Association, the PTA, the GEA, GT and EA and others cooperating in arranging the programs.
"It is our duty to prepare the education budget and to present to the people a realistic picture of the needs of education," said Superintendent Nix. "We are holding these meetings, not to pressure anyone, but to inform the people of what we consider to be the needs of education in this state for the next two years."
Meetings are scheduled Oct. 29 in Gainesville, Nov. 6 in Thomson, Nov. 7 in Americus, Nov. 18 in Albany, Nov. 19 in Douglas, Nov. 20 in Claxton, Nov. 21 in Griffin, Nov. 25 in Macon and Nov. 26 in Atlanta.
The State Board of Education at its October meeting approved the biennial budget presented by the Superintendent and the Department. It totals $465.7 million for 1969-70 and $510.9 for 1970-71. Federal funds for the two years are anticipated to be $202.6 million.
The budget provides for a salary raise of 7.5 percent for teach ers the first year; 8.5 percent the second year. Maintenance and operation payments to school systems would increase from the current $1,050 per state-allotted teacher to $ 1,150 for each year of the biennium. Funds for textbooks and library books will increase; funds for other Minimum Foundation budget items will increase according to anticipated enrollment figures.
Continued on page 8

2

a look at education's role today

Who should pay for education?

Should we shift the total local burden of school financial support

to the state?

Proposals that such a shift be made have been in both national

and state headlines in the past few months. Interest in educational

circles is high. Is it a good idea?

I believe not.

Georgia's plan of financial support for public education, which

has evolved from years of study and planning and practical appli-

cation, is based on a foundation type program as established by law.

The Minimum Foundation Program Law provides a bona fide part-

nership between the state and each of the county and independent

city school systems in Georgia. Under this law, the minimum needs

of each system are calculated by formulas outlined in the law. By

another formula, each school system's rt>quired local effort is deter-

mined through an adjusted tax digest.

Georgia's MFPE Law, like all good foundation laws, insures

three things:

State support for at least a minimum program for every school

system in the state;



That state funds will not replace local responsibility;

Reasonable equity for all taxpayers.

The state derives the major portion of its revenue for school

support from the state sales tax and the state income tax. County

and independent city school systems derive their support from prop-

erty taxes. This arrangement maintains a delicate balance among the

three maior sources of revenue for educational purposes.

Should the local, county and city governments be relieved of any

responsibility for the support of their schools, they would naturally

lose an element of local control of education. A departure from foun-

dation type school financing would decrease or eliminate local initia-

tive, local responsibility, local planning and improvement at the local

level. The equalization factor in the foundation program would be

eliminated in that there would be only one figure for state support

in teachers' salaries, enrichment programs, capital outlay and other

operational items.

Any increase in state support that would replace local support,

whether it be increased sales tax or increased income tax, would tend

to place too heavy a burden on individuals and industry who already

have high taxes in these two areas.

In 1964, Georgia was 43rd in the nation in the percent of local

revenue going to public education. In spite of our recent increases in

Georgia, we have dropped to 44th position in percent of local revenue

going to public education. In 1967, there were 39 states that paid more

property tax per capita than Georgia. Compared with other states.

we are paying a relatively small amount of property taxes for school

support.

I believe that to insure the best education possible for our children,

we must combine our efforts at the state and local level. The State

alone cannot provide the money nor the programs.

Share Education Bill
inside education
with
Jack P. Nix State Superintendent of Schools

a look at education's role today 3

Title I Results 'Encouraging, Frustrating'

Sch.OO1tSh


Ill

the United States ducational level of

have spent $1 di. sadvantaged

billion chi ldren

tfroomraiS1OeW-lenceome areas. Has I.t done any good?.

The annual -report on Title I, Elementary and S_econdary

:E:d:u~c:ast1p.oarnnodbAlefcrmut'sattrnealdtlisotnhaeosvlitemorriyttsheooffvabtshotenthe$s1senabcnoidlulirocaongmmCpgolenx-i.ty

gressional appropriation. The report was prepared by USOE with the help of all 50 states and four territories.

It outlines small successes: The rate of progress in reading achievement of Title 1 children is approaching the national average-

a definite difference from findings in the past which have

shown Title I youngsters achieved at a much slower

rate than the national average. Attendance records of all first grade children in Title I

schools improved from 83 percent in 1964-65 to 87

percent in 1966-67. Non-Title I schools reported little

change. A sample evaluation of Title I schools indicated a

five percent reduction in the rate of dropouts over the

previous year. A "major achievement" was the fact that Title I has

stimulated the states to supplement federal funds with

compensatory education programs of their own. The report also had some criticisms: "In order to reduce the gap between the average
scores for Title I schools and those of other schools,"

the report said, "the Title I group must achieve at

a greater rate than the norm. According to Education

U.S.A. Washington Monitor, "The report complained that

?nly a fraction of severely disadvantaged children are mclu_ded in Title I programs, criticized many non-

pubbc school projects as falling short of public school

Grants to Prepare Teachers

(tboGavGeaeosers~o1cr.sget iia.tSvheeSdmtagterIallnCtps0rloleefpg$aen1.n9ang,3d0te0thaacenhdeUrms$1vo3eff' 8St0!.ht0ye'

of Georgi.a

respectively

deaf

'

11te gia tat~) and mentally retarded (University).

speciagJra.nts .Will prOVI.de for full academic year study

mstitutes or summer sessions.

'

efforts, and stressed the need for year-round programs. It is noted that teachers of disadvantaged children often spend the first months of the school year making up for achievement losses during the summer. 'The least expensive, most productive place to start to solve the problems of these children is not in schools and at school age, but in the homes an.d communities with programs that include infants and expectant mothers,' the report said. It noted that Head Start may be too late and reported a suggestion that disadvantaged children receive verbal stimulation through home tutoring beginning at age one."
Agri-Marketing Courses in Georgia School First Time
For the first time this fall, a Georgia public school is offering courses to prepare young men for various jobs in agriculture, business and industry-jobs such as salesmen or store managers in farm supply businesses, agricultural field servicemen, salesmen, demonstrator, plant manager of feed and food companies, farm products inspector, salesman or manager of farm products marketing firms.
The new course, agri-marketing, is being offered at the posthigh school level as a pilot course by Valdosta Area Vocational-Technical School. The four-quarter program began Aug. 26, opening date of the fall te.t;m.
Following its year as a pilot program in Valdosta, agri-marketing will be taught in other area schools where the need has been demonstrated, according to George Mulling, Director of Vocational Education for the Georgia Department of Education.
"Already there is a statewide demand by the farm business industry for graduates of such a program," said Mr. Mulling. He cited a statement by 0. H. Bowden, Director, Personnel/Member Relations for Cotton Producers Association.
"The exceptional growth of CPA/ Gold Kist has continued tQ increase the number of personnel we need. The opportunity for employment and advancement is excellent for young men trained in agri-marketing. I estimate CPA could employ at least 100 graduates of this program every year in positions such as farm supply management, plant supervision, field service work and other related jobs," Bowden said.

4

a look at education's role today

Editorial Calls New Bill 'Historic Breakthrough'
The Columbus Enquirer, in an editorial printed following passage of the new vocational education bill, hailed the action as, "A historic breakthrough for vocational-technical training."
"The House (which voted 389-0 to allocate $1.2 billion for vocational education in the next two years) has the right idea on this expenditure. The President asked too little for a program that promises so much ..
"One problem is a need for jobs among young people who either do not want to attend college, or cannot attend due to lack of funds.
"There is a corresponding problem. It is the need in American industry for workers with technical and vocational skills ...
"Vocational training is a solution all Americans should be able to agree on. Yet, there is opposition. Some professional educators . . . regard technical skills as outside the educational field.
"Labor unions also post a barrier in some places, since they want to train new members under union auspices.
"But the government's responsibility for vocational training is finally receiving its just recognition . . .
" It is simply not true that a man-or a womancannot make a good salary, own his own business and have a comfortable living without getting a college degree. It very definitely can be done, and while a larger percentage of American youngsters will be going on to college, there will always be. a demand for non-college students who have technical or special skills . . .
"It is a good solution, and it is a solution that government should give more attention and money."
Driver Ed Enrollment Low
Less than ten percent of Georgia's high school students were enrolled in driver education programs last year. Statistics compiled by J. B. Angelo Crowe, Consultant, Driver and Safety Education, Georgia Department of Education, show that 21 ,073 students received instruction in driver education in classroom and laboratory programs. Most of these were conducted during the regular school day; others before school, after school, on weekends and during the summer.

Inner City Schooling ~ of Atlanta System Project
Atlanta City Schools will receive a USOE $252,418 to finance an intensive effort to city schooling, the U. S. Office of Education announced.
Atlanta is one of 26 communities across the who will conduct similar projects.
"Changes in past practice are needed to education crisis in the nation's big cities," Commissioner of Education Harold Howe II. out different strategies in inner city schools, programs will lead to better understanding of provide quality education in the central city."
The grants, made under Title III of the and Secondary Education Act of 1965, are to on improved educational services for high and their feeder junior high and elementary specific neighborhoods. Services will emphasize or all of these activities:
Early childhood education, individualized transition to the world of work, staff training parent and community involvement. Some of grams will bring together pupils of different and races.
EDUCATION HEADLINE
Miss Margaret Jones , associate editor of the Education Association Journal, was elected to year term as president-elect of the State ...........- ... Editors (SEE) at the SEE National Workshop Francisco in June. She will serve in that office 1970, when she will become president.
Dr. Donald F . Hackett, Georgia Southern industrial arts educator, has co-authored and a new textbook, "Modern Wood Technology," Publishing Company, 1968.
Dr. Harold N. Dennis has been named the Ninth District Educational Services Center,
Mrs. Elizabeth D . Koontz was installed the NEA at its convention in Dallas, Texas.
Governor Robert E. McNair of South elected Chairman of the Education Cc,mJmt!iSI<ID States at the Commission meeting in Denver,

a look at education's role today 5
m o will be Georgia Teacher of the Year for 1969? N aminations are now being accepted for the annual award sponsored by the Georgia Department of Education. Jack P. Nix, State Superintendent of Schools, said the purpose of the program is to select one teacher, not on the basis of being the best teacher in the state, but as being representative of good teaching all over Georgia_. Mr. Nix also said public recognition of outstanding teachers will cause more young people to enter the teaching profession.
The 1969 Georgia Teacher of the Year will also represent the state for the title of National Teacher of the Year,. sponsored by the Council of Chief State School Officers and Look Magazine.
Local system superintendents have received nomination forms and instructions. More information can be obtained from these local educators. Nominations should be sent to State Superintendent of Schools, State Department of Education, Atlanta, or or before November 12, 1968.

6

a look at education's role today

How much voltage is in that meter socket? Sprayberry High teacher Bill Bickers teaches Kenny Gasaway how to find out.

"The old idea that every student is supposed to go to college and become a doctor or lawyer is a myth there ever was one ... In the past, students had only one choice in high school-to prepare for college. If college was not the student's goal, he had little motivation for staying in school ... The area vocational
high school gives that student another chance. He
can choose a vocational area and prepare himself in it so that he has a salable skill when he graduates from
\
high school. Thus, he has a reason to stay in school. He doesn't become a dropout."

-g
Drafting instructor Richard Maskevich explains a detail on a section to Sprayberry High student Troy Bryant.

Larry English seems to be enjoying the explanation of the oscilloscope being given by teacher Leroy Sk inner.

a look at education 's role today 7

quiet revolu ti on changes georg1 a high schools
By Wade Royston Jr.

People who are not college graduates, hold 90 percent of the jobs in Georgia. And because of this fact, a "quiet revolution" has occurred in the State's high schools.
Historically, high schools everywhere have been geared to the student's preparation for college entry. The pursuit of either a classical or scientific course of study has been considered an aim to be shared by all students.
"The old idea that every student is supposed to go to college and become a doctor or lawyer is a myth if there ever was one," says Ed L. Word, Coordinator of Area Vocational High Schools for the Georgia Department of Education. And the facts back him up. Less than 15 percent of all occupations require a college degree and less than 20 percent of the total population graduates from a four-year college program.
To help provide the training the facts seem to call for, a new kind of school came into being in 1965the area vocational high school. It was developed under the leadership of State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix, then State Vocational Director, and George W. Mulling, who succeeded him.
Sometimes called a "comprehensive" high school, the area vocational high school prepares students for the world of work. The graduate of this kind of program has a salable skill when he finishes high school.
Georgia high schools have had vocational education since 1917. Why is the area vocational high school such a new and different approach? "We've had high schools with one or two vocational programs," says Word, "maybe homemaking and an agriculture program. But these have never been an integral part of the curriculum. They have been in the school as something of a stepchild. They have never become a part of the mainstream of education.
Continued on page 15

a

a look a,t education's role today

EDUCATION BUDGET . Continued from page 1

Built into the budget are salary funds to reduce the pupil-teacher ratio in grades one through seven from 1:28 to 1:25.
The biennial budget asks increased funds for the program of educational services across county lines.
New programs budgeted and funds requested for them for the two-year period include:
Fellowships for teachers of emotionally disturbed children-$75,000
Grants to school systems for program for emotionally disturbed children-$150,000
High school program in industrial arts-$771,675 Allotment to systems for hardship relating to increase
in required local effort-$13.5 million Contingency-$8,982,654 Kindergarten-$6 million Four-quarter school-$4 million State impacted areas-$800,000 Driver education-$7,877,850 Consumable materials-$5,954,853

Program for the gifted-$200,000 A non-residential school for the deaf in
Atlanta-$835,000 "This budget request reflects existing Superintendent Nix in presenting the proposal. that Georgia has made tremendous .progress in in the past few years. But we also realize that necessary to continue the current rate of income of the state's citizens is directly nrc'""'""' the amount and quality of their education." The budget now goes to the Georgia '-'~""11111 for consideration by the appropriate cmnmlittc:ej House and Senate and passage by the Legis.latl.q
American Vocational Association has just "A Guide to Improving Instruction in It is available for $1.25 per copy from A 1510 H. Street, Washington, D. C. 20005.

Attorney General Rules on Allotments, Contrac

"As to whether or not the State Board of Education may make changes in the current fiscal year allotments of state funds to local units of school administration based upon information received last month (August) from the State Auditor indicating that errors were made in the calculation of equalized adjusted school property tax digests of certain local units and whether or not such changes may be made for those local units in whose digests the errors appeared without making changes in the allotments to all local units:"
"I am of the opinion that the State Board of Education is not authorized by law to make adjustments in the current fiscal year allotments of State funds to any local units of school administration based upon the information recently furnished you."
***
"As to whether or not the Coosa Valley Area Vocational and Technical School has been established pursuant to law such that it would be legal for the State Board of

Vocational Education to enter into a cor1traCI respect to it:"
". . . I am of the opinion that the school created pursuant to Jaw such that it would be the State Board of Vocational Education to contract with the governing authority of Floyd relative to that school."
***
"As to whether the Georgia State Board of can enforce .in court notes and agreements, executed on your standard forms, given in of scholarship payments made pursuant to Section 1, Paragraph II of the Constitution Ann. Sec. 2-5402(8)) in order to enable to become teachers:"
"Assuming only that the note or properly executed on your standard forms ments have been made pursuant thereto, I no difficulty in your being able to collect the which become due when the student fails to teaching obligations provided for therein."

a look at education's role today 9

UAL GOVERNOR'S CONFERENCE
Nix Calls for Larger School Districts


Qeorg1a

sscuhpoeorlindtiesntrdiecntst

om. f

Shc1.hs osoplseeJcahc,k"PD.oNYixoucalCleadre

EltOUlaIr~getro Put Your Child plfSt?. " at the annua1 Gover-

Conference on Education in October.

"It is neither efficient nor economical today to operate school system with less than a 10,000 student popu-
" Nix said. "Yet, 110 of the school systems in p:orj!~a today have less than 3,000 students . .. We can
hope to provide the kinds of educational programs
services students in these smaller systems need and

.The superintendent drew up a list of priorities for
--~-ft education in the next biennium, among them

public kindergartens, lower pupil-teacher ratio, statewide driver education, four-quarter school, special programs for gifted children.
Chancellor George L. Simpson of the University System of Georgia and Dr. Waights Henry, Jr., LaGrange College President, outlined programs and needs of higher education in the state. Dr. Laurence E. Boyd of Atlanta University spoke on "Disputed Barricades in Education."
On opening night of the conference Governor Lester Maddox presented a bleak picture of the possibility of financing new educational programs. He said the state could not presently afford to expand or add programs, but only to take care of necessary increases in existing programs.

"We must ... recogmze that preventive measures
cost so much less than corrective measures. The last comparative
figure available tells us that we spent $408 per
child in the state (1966-67) to prepare him to face his future
with confidence and ability. But we failed to
reach many of our people. For these failures
we must pay a much bigger price in
corrective measures ... ,
Jack P. Nix State Superintendent
of Schools
courtesy Lou Erickson, ~tlanta Journal)

I H\AND 1111;
t$t,o~o
1YEARL~
I
I

I

I

II "fo k'E:f?P

PER5otJ

ONE INMATE AT ALTO~,, l IN l2EID$VILLE " '
-----------1----------

AND 1HE

~~ \*E lNVESI(;D

2 o57

MOf2E IHAN

ANNUALLY

4{)8 A

TO MAINTAIN APATI E=N1i

FOR TtiE
EI)UCATIIJWlfJII!,~r-1

AT

OF

6EOR61

CMILORENJ

10 a look at education's role today

reports on education

G eorgia Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix, left, and Pat Pallillo, vice chairman of the STAR Student Program of th e G eorgia Chamber of Commerce, check a mail sack of brochures explaining the STAR Program. Brochures have been mailed to all high schools in Georgia announcing th e annual competition for students and teachers.
South Holland, III., School System last month became the first northern school system to lose its school desegregation fight with the federal government. The ruling was made in Chicago federal court. Filed by the U.S. Justice Department, it was the first desegregation suit against a northern school system.
Federal attorneys are investigating two more Chicago area districts on charges of deliberate racial discrimination in their schools.

Georgia high school seniors are among all over the nation who are eligible to compete NROTC scholarships to be awarded this year.
Successful candidates will begin their college as midshipmen in the Regular NROTC nr'"""will enter 53 colleges and universities in the the fall of 1969.
Purpose of the program is to train and men for careers as commissioned officers in Navy and Marine Corps. Additional rntformati be obtained from system superintendents and senior counselors.
"America Has a Good Thing Going Its is theme of American Education Week Nov. Local school observances of the week are help focus community attention on the achievements of neighborhood schools and, at time, to have citizens observe, appraise and for necessary improvements.
Information on planning programs, exhibits plays for American Education Week is National Education Association, 1201 SiJltec~ntlb.J Washington, D. C. 20036.
DeKalb County voters passed a $24.4 issue on Sept. 25. The money will finance for classrooms and other essential facilities million to expand DeKalb Community
A recent survey of public information state departments of education finds them short of funds and short of facilities.
Project Public Information, in its report, of the Art," found that state public ;,,fnrm:att(m neglect the electronic media and overlook PPI was heartened at the discovery that information has improved during the past and that all state education departments are "some serious effort" in the field.
Newsmen who cover Capitol Hill in one the report listed suggestions for improving of news: they suggested that education regular news conferences, initiate stories and themselves, give newsmen advance notice of and more background, write better and

a look at education's role today 1t

BOARD: Committee to Review Salary Schedule

North Georgia School, the committee's recomenlacluded a clear definition of where the school is llld what its purpose is, a written statement of
more dormitories, a dean of women or guidance llll tlor for girls, a library, student center, classroom
for women's occupations and a distributive . .allioa program.
South Georgia School the committee recommended llldilioaai staff person in administration of the
program, elimination of some duplication lrac:ti"ion, more help in counseling, attention to
1111111. air conditioning of buildings not presently air ..lllilbled. demolition of the gymnasium and building
~ more dormitory space for men and women, tion to students who did not graduate from I and more transportation into the school
tllan so many on-campus facilities.
committees recommended including in the curriecourses less sophisticated than those presently
Board also:

corporation sometime between January 1, 1969, and April 1, 1969; denied a request of the Charlton County School System to have the St. George Elementary School declared an isolated school for the 1968-69 school year; authorized Superintendent qf Schools Jack P. Nix to implement a request of the Vocational Education Division for the establishment of supervisory areas in the state, and that a person be named to the position of full-time supervisor to serve as the coordinator of projects in a particular area; recommended that the State Superintendent of Schools and his staff consider working with principals and superintendents through their established organizations to help solve common problems which may be interfering with the educational process; took under advisement a report of the Standards Coordinator that, of the 177 school systems which were unclassified in last year's Standards Evaluation, plans for bringing themselves up to Standard have been received from all except 13; adopted recommendations of the State Professional Textbook Committee in the areas of math, science, health and physical education; heard, through a representative, a report from Dr. Horace E. Tate, Executive Secretary of. the Georgia Teachers and Education Association, that the GT & EA has requested all system superintendents to place Negroes on any planning committees appointed for the purpose of devising desegregation plans for school systems, and that desegregation plans developed without Negroes on such committees would not be acceptable; denied the application of the Mcintosh County Board of Education for the construction of relocatable classrooms on Sapelo Island; adopted a recommendation that the State Superintendent of Schools ask the Superintendent of Schools of Mcintosh County to report on plans for educating the 90 children on Sapelo Island; approved budgets of Coweta County, Lincoln County and Troup County; amended the State Plan for the use of federal funds under the Library Services and Construction Act as follows:
Affecting Section 1.75, added independent licensed public accountants to the accepted audit agency listing, and Affecting Section 5.3 , changed the base year to the second preceding fiscal year rather than the immediate preceding fiscal year; Approved the following formula for the allotment of
Continued on page 12

12 a look at education's role today

ON BOARD: New formula Set continuedtrornpagen

capital outlay funds when subsequent appropriations and allotments are made:
(a) Allocations per square foot should be $10 to $15 plus 10% for architect's fees and contingencies.
(b) Square feet allotments per pupil should be based on the following for increased attendance allotments and consolidation allotments: 1. High Schools 1 to 500 students at 90 sq. ft. 501 to 750 students at 70 sq. ft. 751 to 1000 students at 63 sq. ft. 1001 to 1500 students at 56 sq. ft. Above 1500 students at 51 sq. ft.
Voters Consider Two
Education Amendments
Georgia voters considered two constitutional amendments affecting statewide education when they went to the polls Nov. 5.
House Resolution No. 28-79 would amend the Constitution to authorize state taxation for school lunch purposes.
House Resolution 142-403 would amend the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for the creation of a retirement system for all employees of public schools who are not covered by the Teachers Retirement System including, but not limited to, school bus drivers, school lunchroom personnel, school maintenance and school custodial personnel, and for the expenditure of state funds and the funds of county and independent boards of education for the support of said retirement system.
In addition to these statewide amendments, voters in Bleckley County and Cochran were to decide on whether to merge the Bleckley County and the Cochran City School Systems; voters in Coweta County and Newnan considered merging the Coweta County and Newnan City School Systems.

2. Elementary Schools 1 to 500 students at 70 sq. ft. 501 to 750 students at 55 sq. ft. 751 to 1000 students at 49 sq. ft. 1001 to 1500 students at 43 sq. ft. Above 1500 students at 38 sq. ft.
Authorized the Department of Education the U. S. Office of Education for $10,000 film evaluation of clients at Warm Springs, understanding that no state money will be project; heard a report from the State Schools that the Certification Division has teachers' certificates during the period June October 1, 1968; heard a report from the tendent that it is now possible to arrange credit for courses between area vocat:I'<)mLI-flec schools and colleges.
****
At its September meetings the Board: Authorized the State Superintendent and educational television services to apply for permits for Channel 57 in Atlanta and Athens, for use at such time as funds may available; denied a request of the Gainesville Education that the State Board adopt a local boards of education to schedule reJ.ea!~' children to attend off-campus classes in resolutions expressing appreciation for the Sarah Jones and Miss Lucile Nix, recently positions with the Department; appointed a Library Committee for 1968-69; appointed a Practices Commission of educators to serve body to the Department of Education on cerning professionalism among teachers; budget for public school education in the biennium (See story on page one); amended policies for issuance of high school G.E.D. Test results; approved building the 1969 Bond Series (Item) for the systems which have met State Board criteria: Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Dalton, DeKalb, Glynn, Gwinnett, Henry, Houston, Jefferson, Whitfield Counties; Camden, Polk, Bryan, Candler and Butts Counties; Thomasville, Fitzgerald, Cochran and Waycross Cities.
Next Commitee meetings: Nov. 13 Next Board meetings: Nov. 20

a look at education's role today 13

. .. .~ of school systems in IM Department of 11nnual staff confer-
-.,..bers. moderated by Aa.erir~te11delrrt of Schools
Superintendent
County, Sanders of ond Superintendent
of Decatur City.

Enforcement of Purchasing Law, Says Board

c:on<:eming purchasing by local school systems,
tbe Georgia General Assembly in its 1968
y be unconstitutional. Until the question is State Board of Education has recommended
mentation be delayed.
in question authorizes the State Board of "to promulgate rules and regulations, to regu-
,_lllnlcts or purchases which involve the aggregate
100 or more for or on behalf of any public or secondary school supported in whole or in public funds."

~ passed by the General Assembly in its

ID response to public concern over the fact



DD&sled~buou~ghht

by students the bidding

in public schools process, and that

are there

vanation in pnces charged for such nngs.

However, Attorney General Arthur Bolton has given the opinion that "It would be unwise for the State Board of education to promulgate rules and regulations in accordance with this Act because decisions of the Superme Court of Georgia raise grave doubt as to its constitutionality under one or more provisions of the Georgia Constitution of 1945."
Following the bill's passage last session the Department of Education appointed a study committee whose members are R. D. Blakeney of Gainesville, James W. McAllister of LaGrange, J. E. Edmonds of Clayton County, Dr. E. C. Phillips Jr. of Baldwin County and Charles R. Jackson of DeKalb County.
The committee in its report said: "Any contract covered by H.B. 1375 is a matter for the local school administration and such rules and regulations as needed to control such contracts should be determined by the school principal, superintendent and board of education." The committee's recommendation was adopted by the State Board of Education and a copy filed with the Department of Education.
Department spokesmen said the committee members will be available as advisors when and if the Legislature considers amending the law in its upcoming session.

14 a look at education's role today

TEACHERS GO TO SCHOOL -Electronics instructors from
vocational technical schools over Georgia switched places during
this course at the Marietta-Cobb Area Vocational Technical
School. Instructors for the course were from Lockheed-Georgia Company. At the blackboard
here is Lockheed's R . E. Herndon.
Teachers Turn Students in Lockheed Class

Seventeen electronics instructors from vocational technical schools throughout the state have completed a 52hour course in transistor circuit analysis. The course was conducted by Lockheed-Georgia Company training department and was held at Marietta-Cobb Area Vocational Technical School near Marietta.
This is the first time such a project has been done in Georgia.
The course was designed to update instructors on newest developments in the fast-changing electronics field. Lockheed instructors used wiring diagrams of new electronics equipment in teaching the course. Topics in analog computers, digital computers and industrial control circuits were covered . .
The participants toured the Lockheed plant and visited technicians on the job in order to examine the latest electronics equ ipment. Today's giant jets, like the Georgiamade C-5 Galaxy-world's largest airplane-make extensive use of transistors, computers and advanced electronics technology.
A new step in cooperative effort between industry and education, the project was developed as a joint venture of Lockheed-Georgia, the Georgia Department of Education and the University of Georgia. Instructors completing the course received five hours of college credit from the University of Georgia.

According to Robert A . Starr of Coosa Valley and H. C. Thackston, Savannah Area Vocational nical School, the course was an opportunity to up-to-date techniques and equipment. "Since we given the same course taught to Lockheed .,..,.,,,.,1,"'"' learned what industry expects of our graduates."
The cooperative effort between Lockheed the vocational-technical education organization is expected to broaden as additional courses are in the future.
Title I Participation High
Georgia has a very high percentage of system participation in programs for disadvantaged available through Title 1 of the Elementary and Education Act. A three-year survey of Title I in Georgia reveals that in 1965, 188 of 195 systems such programs; in 1966, 185 of 196; in 1967, 170 I 95 . The number of projects has steadily from 27 I in 1965, first year of the program, to I 967. In most cases, systems which did not were either not eligib le due to size or had had funds cut off.

a look at education's role today 15

Quiet Revolution . . . continuedfrompage7

"With the area vocational high school movement, have told local systems we wa.nt the.m to put a l&i~!llitiiCaln vocational department m the1r schools, one
enough to be recognized by both faculty and ldl.adeJnts. Whereas they have had only one or two voca-
teachers in their school before, now they will have whole faculty of teachers of vocational education and leader-a department head of supervisor who can ..__....rru relate the program to the rest of the school
to the community."

Only One Choice "In the past," Word continued, "students had only
choice in high school-to prepare for college. If was not the student's goal, he had little motivation
staying in school. "The area vocational high school gives that student lan<Otht~r chance. He can choose a vocational area and l.,rn,.,r.. himself in it so that he has a salable skill when graduates from high school. Thus, he has a reason stay in school. He doesn't become a dropout." "The majority of the kids we are serving are normal lshJdents who have just become bored with the traditional 1n11nor:~m " Word said. "They are no longer challenged it. It's interesting to many people to find that often IStuclents with IQs of 120 to 130 are also potential
who frequently shift over and take vocational . We have students from both ends of the ability
in vocational programs. I would think that not more than a third of our students are low ability tudents."

Some people doubt that high school is the place for

vocational training. Their main argument seems to be

that the student is too immature at high school age to

make a vocational decision. To this argument Word replies "The h1 gh school student is certainly too young

to make the decision to drop out of school. But he

. that decision. So we don't feel it's asking too much

~.1m to make a vocational decision while he's still

1~h
W8uht, Ill

school. Certainly the meantJme, he

he may change his mind can become a tax-paying

later. citizen

ch 0 can afford to look around a bit and then possibly

ange his mind.

Th

Two Kinds of Schools

wth e area vocational high school should not be confused 1 the area vocat1 onal-techm.cal school. The former

is a standard high school which has a distinct department offering vocational training to high school students. The latter is not a high school, but a post-secondary school which offers vocational training to students 16 years of age or older from a rather large geographical area. The area vocational high school usually offers training only to its own students and to those in the same school system, such as a city or county system. Those students from other schools in the system spend part of the school day at their "home" school and then are bussed to the area vocational high school for their vocational training.
Dr. Martin Essex, Ohio Superintendent of Public Instruction and former chairman of a national task force on vocational education, backs up Word's point of view. Dr. Essex believes the new design for education in our time is to build all education around vocational education. He contends that every school in America must assume the responsibility for the initial job entry of every one of its youngsters.
Each area vocational high school offers at least six choices of courses for its students-such as auto body repair, office education, carpentry, cosmetology, food service, printing, radio and television servicing, air conditioning-refrigeration and welding. Students spend half the school day studying regular academic subjects with their classmates and the other half studying--either in class or laboratory-their chosen vocational field.
Students generally spend about two-thirds of their vocational training time in practical application and about one-third in relation classroom work. For example, a student in cosmetology might spend a portion of her time in class learning the theory and technique of coloring hair. Then she goes into the laboratory for the rest of the period and actually practices what she has been taught.
Program Expanding
At present only large high schools (those with at least 1,000 students) can qualify to establish an area vocational high school. This means that large areas of the State are not now served by an area vocational high school. The Department of Education is presently authorized to establish five new area vocational high schools per year.
Continued on page 16

Students Enthusiastic . Continued from page 15

Word hopes that in the future a program similar to one now in operation in South Carolina will be adopted in Georgia. In South Carolina, area vocational high shoals are being set up all over the state as institutions separate from the regul ar high schools. When the system is completed, no student will have. to travel more than 13 miles to reach a vocational high school. (The State Board of Education in Georgia has approved one such school in Georgia-at Blue Ridge in Fannin County.)
There is at present a national trend to upgrade vocational education at the high school level. Georgia now is ahead of its sister southern states such as South Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi in vocational training above the high schoo l level, but lags behind them at the high school level.
The area high school program has not been without its problems. "Thi s is a new type of education for many principals, superintendents and teachers who have been running the traditional operation," Word says. "Many of the se people have not felt this type of education was their responsibility, that they were really responsible for academic ed ucation only. They have felt that vocational education might hurt their image-that they would become a trade school. They contended they might become a school for those who can't do. This is an image we are still trying to overcome, and maybe we always will be. But as the State becomes more industrialized, as more people come to see that vocational education is not just something that's nice to have, but makes the difference in whether or not a yo ung }:lerson gets a decent job, the barriers wi ll be broken down for us."
A comment by Jack Wade, principal of Sprayberry High School, Marietta, an area vocational high school, shows that Word's hopes may be coming true. He says,

" I feel that our vocational department has many students in our county during its three years operation. There is a great demand in industry for who complete the training. However, I fee l there is urgent need to expand our program to include areas of instruction. The areas which seem to be most are homemaking and applied courses, mechanics and small appliance repair."
And the statement of a former student in an vocational high school shows the value of the Bobby Satcher, Marietta, graduated from Sprayberry School this past spring after having studied in the school's vocational department. "I learned needed to know," Bobby says. "I've got a good job an electrical contractor, and I do a little bit of on the job. The trai ning I got in high school helped get my job, and it helped me get a higher starting It will also mean I'll advance more quickly."
During the 1967-68 school year there were 11 vocational high schools in operation-Chamblee School; Jordan High School, Columbus; Sprayberry School, Marietta; Richmond-Arnold Vocational School, Savan nah; Central Gwinnett High School, renceville; Wayne County High School, Jesup ; County High School, Conyers; Washington County School, Sandersville; Newton County High School, Covington; Calh oun High School and Brunswick School.
Five more area vocational high schools are slated into operation duri ng the 1968-69 school year. They Cherokee County High School, Canton; Washington School, Atlanta; North Whitfield High School, Chattoog~ County High School, Summervi lle, and Stephens County High School, Eastanolle.

BULK RATE U. S. Postage
PAID
Atlanta, Georgia Permit Number 168
Acqu1st1t1ons Div. University of Ga. Libraries University of Georgia Athens, Ga. 30601

In This Issue:

LIBRA RI:";S

One of Georgia's Best . . . . . . . . . . page 3

On Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 11

Federal Funds For Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . page 5

2

a look at education's role today

Georgia needs many new programs in education to keep the state's public schools moving toward the goal of excellence we have set for ourselves. I have outlined them many times: kindergartens, four-quarter school, driver education, consumable supplies and materials-and much more.
But we also need a workable framework of laws within which to operate the educational program. Toward this end, the Department of Education is supporting several pieces of legislation in the 1969 session of the General Assembly.
One has already passed in the Senate: the bill to allow a reduced pupil-teacher ratio. The measure we are supporting would allow reduction of the pupil-teacher ratio to "not more than 25 pupils in grades one through 12." The intent of the law is to allow us to achieve the ratios which produce the most desirable learning situations, whether 20 students per teacher, more or less. The law as presently written sets the ratio at 1:25 in the high school grades and 1:28 in the elementary grades and allows no deviation from that allotment.
Because the state has the responsibility of educating all children of compulsory school age (a child must be in school from his seventh birthday to his 16th, according to Georgia law) Georgia needs legislation which will protect citizens who choose to send their children to private schools. Such a law would set minimum standards for private schools for c_hildren from kindergarten through high school age and for private schools which offer training in a business or profession. We need this law to enable the state to fulfill its responsibility for educating its citizens and to protect both Georgians and the many fine private schools now operating in the state.
To enable the state to broaden its curriculum offerings in vocational education, we are asking that Section 33 of the Minimum Foundation Law be rewritten to include comprehensive high schools, as follows: "The State Board of Education shall annually determine the amount of funds needed for operation of state vocational-technical and comprehensive high schools (italics added) established by the State Board of Education. Such funds shall be made available for the operation of such schools under rules and regulations prescribed by the State Board of Education."
Two sections of the Georgia school code outline certain procedures to be followed in the keeping of attendance rolls by teachers and the taking of a "continuous school census." Both procedures are time-consuming for those who have to perform them, and the law as written is outdated. We need to revise these sections of the law to enable teachers, in systems where such facilities are possible, to make use of computerized attendance record-keeping. On the matter of census, we are seeking to change the law to enable superintendents to take a census which will then be valid for a period of time, rather than having to take a "continuous census."
These changes in laws affecting education are important if Georgia is to provide an efficient, economical and progressive program of education for its citizens.

Streng the Education's Framework
inside education
with
Jack P. Nix State Superintendent of Schools

a look at education's role today 3

one
oGfeorg.ia's
Best ...
Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix, right, with Georgia's Teacher of the Year William Robert Morgan (next to Nix), and runners-up Mrs. Rosa Lee Childs of Columbus and Joseph A. Croom of Covin gton.

A chalkboard, some chalk, 30 pupils, a classroom, some textbooks . . .
Add a teacher and learning will happen. Or will it?
Not so easily.
Just any teacher won't do. He has to be one who believes in his work, who has intellectual curiosity and enthusiasm, who loves young people and tries to undertands them.
Like Georgia's Teacher of the Year.
He believes that each human being is what he is as a result of those individuals who have touched his life.
He is William Robert Morgan, chairman of the Social Studies Department at Druid Hills High School in Atlanta.
In his tenth year of teaching, Morgan was named Georgia Teacher of the Year and state nominee for the National Teacher of the Year Award. State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix presented a certificate to him and the two runners-up, Mrs. Rosa Lee Childs of Columbus and Joseph A. Croom of Covington, in ceremonies at the Georgia Department of Education offices in Atlanta.
Morgan teaches American history to eleventh graders
and A~erican government to twelfth graders at Druid
Che 1~ the DeKalb County School System where Jim rry IS superintendent.
an~~ Childs, a teacher for 21 years, teaches English IV
rama I at Spencer High School in Columbus.

Croom, eleventh and twelfth grade physics and chemistry teacher at Newton County High School in Covington, has taught for 11 years.
Superintendent Nix, in presenting the framed certificates, said, "We are proud of your dedication and service to the boys and girls of your school and to the young people of Georgia. In honoring you, we are recognizing three who are representative of the best teaching in the State. This award emphasizes teaching excellence as both an achievement and an inspiration. Congratulations."
Georgia's 31-year-old Teacher of the Year has taught at Druid Hills for his entire teaching career. He attended elementary and high schools in LaGrange, Emory-atOxford and Emory University, Atlanta, where he received the A.B. degree in history and the Master of Arts in Teaching degree in history. He has been chairman of the Social Studies Department at Druid Hills for three years.
Morgan has been a senior class sponsor for four years, director of the senior play for three years, annual staff sponsor for ten years. He received the Valley Forge Freedoms Foundation Classroom Teachers Medal in 1965, and his organizing and directing "A Land and a People," a study of America through literature and music, won the Freedoms Foundation Award for the school.
Morgan was sponsor of the '63 senior class at Druid Hills High which sought and secured as graduation speaker
Continued on page 12

4

a look at education's role today

Georgia Vocational Education Funds to Dou

The Vocational Education Amendments of 1968, passed by the 90th Congress just before it adjourned in October, substantially expand the federal government's involvement in vocational education.
The measure authorizes $3.18 billion for the next four years and continues the program beyond that on a permanent basis.
"Federal funds for vocational education in Georgia are scheduled to increase by over $64 million during the next four years," according to George W. Mulling, State Director of Vocational Education.
Commenting on the implications for vocational education advancement brought about by the new Vocational Amendments Act of 1968, Mulling said: "In fiscal 1969 alone, annual federal funds allocated to Georgia for all
Quick Start Programs Get Top-Level Advice
Seven Georgia leaders in business and industry have been named to an Industry Services Advisory Committee to assist the Georgia Board of Education in carrying out a new educational program.
The 1968 General Assembly authorized the Department of Education to establish Quick Start training programs to meet the needs of new and expanding industries in the State. Members of the committee to advise the program include Lt. Gen. Louis W. Truman, executive director, Georgia Department of Industry and Trade; Penn Worden, manager, Industrial Development Council, Georgia Chamber of Commerce; W. N. Galphin, Jr., assistant vice president, Commercial and Industrial Development Department, First National Bank; . Ross W. Hammond, chief, Industrial Development Division, Georgia Institute of Technology; 0. Glenn Bass, manager, Industrial Development, Seaboard Coastline Railroad; Clifford Clarke, executive vice president, Associated Industries of Georgia; H. Hearn Lumpkin, assistant manager, Industrial Development, Georgia Power Company.

OPTIMISTIC ATTITUDE

Even though 1967-68 was a year of numerous teacher

strikes, 92 out of 100 teachers were not involved in any

kind of work stoppage.

'

programs will more than double if all provisions Act are funded by Congress."
At present, Georgia receives about $7.4 under provisions of the Smith-Hughes, G and Vocational Education Acts. Under nrr'v"''"ft new Act, fiscal 1969.funds from the federal are increased to slightly under $16 million. The will rise to more than $25 million in 1970, $25.5 in 1971, and to over $26.5 million in 1972. N fiscal 1969 authorizations under the Amendments are for over $300 million, increasing to over $600 by 1972. In fiscal 1968, all similar federal funds slightly more than $255 million nationally.
"Funds such as these, combined with state present an unparalleled opportunity to fulfill new aim of effectively teaching all who are in the rather than teaching only some," said Georgia Superintendent Jack P. Nix. "With the signing of Act, over 25 million Americans are presented an tunity to acquire training which is flexible, relevant today's manpower needs and capable of the gifted student and the potential dropout into craftsmen or technicians."
The new act provides for general vocational authorizations to Georgia and other states. It also for research, consumer and homemaking edliCati~ pmgrams, cooperative vocational education, programs, curriculum development and others. provision of particular interest in Georgia aWJ\-<1"~ for construction and operation of aeJmonsl:ralJOII-IY residential schools for youth aged 15 to 21 and additional funding for state residential technical vocational schools. The cost of borrowing money residential school construction is reduced through federal grants. Grants for conducting vocational tion programs are on a 50-50 matching basis, for the disadvantaged. Only ten percent matching required for residential school programs.
"Our task in Georgia is to make sure that each new federal dollars gains the maximum benefit for maximum number of Georgians of all ages and grounds," Nix said.
The Act authorizing the new funding was the growth of separate bills introduced in both Congress during the recent session. President signed the Act on October 16.

Miss Georgia, Miss Burma Davis of Warner Robins. visits the Columbus Area Vocational-Technical School, guided by instructor Bill Anderson. On her first trip to a Georgia area school she crowned Miss Columbus Tech and was prompted to comment: "Never, from young people, have I seen such pride, enthusiasm and organization. You can rest assured that I will tell young people in Georgia of the 25 fine area vocational-technical schools."

CHANNEL 57 REQUESTED

~e Georgia Department of Education has filed appli-

cation with the Federal Communications Commission

for permission to construct a new television station

Channel 57, in Atlanta.

'

loc"aTt~hdis

new station will make it possible in the western central counties

for many schools of Georgia to

m-school telecourses which they have been unable

receive in the past," said State School Superintendent P. Nix.

U ~s request to build the station is granted, Georgia

1OOo etwork programs will be broadcast from a tower
' feet above average ground level. It would transmit
a 5T0V-nu1e _rad.ms. The Department of Education owns

"';corl;_ stations, but none provides coverage to Atlanta,

to Network Executive Director Richard E.

a look at education's role today 5

Congress Approves Funds For Education in Georgia

Georgia's educationally deprived children will receive

the benefit of the lion's share of federal educational grant

funds made to the State for fiscal year 1969.

A total of $34,773,922 has been appropriated by

Congress for Georgia programs conducted for such chil-

dren under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary

Education Act.

The action was taken Oct. 3, 1968, when the House

approved a conference report on the fiscal 1969 Labor-

HEW appropriations.

The second largest amount-$7,034,876-will go to

vocational education programs conducted in the State

under the 1963 Vocational Education Act.

Funds totaling $2,270,381 are appropriated for

equipment and minor remodeling under Title III of the

National Defense Education Act.

A total of $1,089,383 is allocated for school library

resources and textbooks under Title II of ESEA, and

$1,352,356 is earmarked for basic adult education in the

State.

Other Georgia programs receiving grants are as follows:

ESEA Title V (strengthening state education

agencies) . . . . . . . . . . .

$628,796

ESEA Title VI (educating handicapped

children) . . . . . . . . . . .

682,44 7

NDEA Title V {testing, guidance and

counseling) . . . . . . .

393,726

George Barden Act (vocatiol).al

education) . . . . . . . .

243,488

Library Services and Construction Act

Title I . . . . . . . . . . . .

743,951

Library Services and Construction Act

Title II . . . . . . . . . . . .

187,217

Library Servic;es and Construction Act

Title III . . . . . . . . . . .

43,491

Library Services and Construction Act

Title IV . . . . . . . . . . . .

39,509

Accident Report
Georgia school buses were involved in 254 accidents costing an estimated $122,053 in school bus and property damage in 1967-68, according to statistics of Pupil Transportation Services, Georgia Department of Education. Accidents resulted in five fatal injuries and 105 non-fatal injuries.

6

a look at education's role today

Education
Employees
Honored
Department of Education employees are among state employees honored for 40 years of service in state government by Governor Lester Maddox. At left, Miss Veta Hammett and Fred L. Miles; right, the Governor and W. Fred Blackmon.

'School Dollar Taxpayer's Best Buy': Finch

The newly appointed Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, California Lt. Gov. Robert H. Finch, is no newcomer to education.
He has been an ex officio member of both the University of California Board of Regents and the California State College System Board of Trustees for the past two years. He voted with Gov. Ronald Reagan to oust UC President Clark Kerr and voted with Reagan most of the time on the issues of raising student fees and cutting UC's budget requests.
A few recent quotes from Finch offer at least a partial glimpse of some of his feelings:
"No one knows exactly why the voters are defeating school bond measures. One obvious answer is that the g~eat bulk of local support for education comes from the property taxpayer who is already overburdened and whose taxes have been rising at a more rapid pace than either population or cost of living ... We are paying for ignorance and poverty at a much higher rate than for education ... In short, those who are paying the freight are demanding the receipt. The ironic fact is that they are penalizing the agency which perhaps holds the ultimate solution to the very problems which are causing the voter uneasiness . . . Schools and their administrators are being pushed to their fullest ... We must see that our educational goals are clearly defined to the taxpayer and that he understands the two-ply job being done by our schools. The tax dollar that goes to schools is by far the taxpayer's best buy. It's up to us to see that he knows it."

The new HEW Secretary served as Nixon's manager in 1960 and also helped organize Nixon's natorial campa-ign in California in 1962. He also a key advisory role in Nixon's presidential cmnpaigl 1968.
Grants Available For Doctorate Study
Two $10,000 scholarships for study leading to doctorate degree in public school administration awarded in April this year by the Supreme Council Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of
Scholarship recipients will receive $5,000 for two years. Applications will be accepted from currently working in the field of education and who attained their Bachelor's and Master's degrees with scholastic records, have established reputations fine personality and marked ability to work with possess character and integrity, have demonstrated faith in the public schools, have had at least three experience in public school administration, have interest in community problems, have a potential years' work ahead as a superintendent of schools.
Applications are available from F. C.
chairman, State Education and Americanism rc,IDJD111
208 Bull St., Savannah, Ga. 31401.

a look at education's role today 7

Jt~NIONS ON THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
No Objections on Taxes after Time Limit'

"Reference is made to the official opinion to you dated JO, 1968, wherein the view was expressed that Ga.
(ode Ann. Section 92-7013, providing for arbitration of
die question of the correctness of the equalized adjusted
ldlOOl property tax digest upon request made within
thirtY (30) days after receipt of the digest information,
was intended to establish a time beyond which objection
.,.y not be made to the digest information that forms the
llasis for the inter-related calculations made under the
foundation Act. "I am enclosing herewith a copy of the Sept. 23, 1968,
ckclsion of the Georgia Supreme Court in Hawes, Cmm'r y, Conner, No. 24757,- Ga.- (1968), wherein the Court held that the failure of taxpayers to request arbitration of their tax assessments within the time provided by law (Ga. Code Ann. Section 92-6912) precludes them from later attacking those assessments in a court of equity. Although the case involved a different statute, I am of the opinion that the principle of stare decisis would demand the same holding on the question of whether failure to request arbitration within thirty (30) days ... would preclude a later attack on the correctness of the equalized adjusted school property tax digest of a local unit of school administration."

***
"... as to the responsibilities of county boards of education under . .. (Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-1401) including the responsibility for the preparation of tax digests and the responsibility of the county board of education in the event that preparation of the digests for county tax purposes is delayed by county commissioners."
"I must reiterate the view expressed to you in my official opinion of Aug. 15, 1968, that, according to laws of general applicability, one of the specific duties of ~y _boards of education is preparing tax digests and
~shmg same ~o the tax collector of the county . . .
funher must re1terate the belief expressed in the Aug. 15 1968, opinion that a county board of education may 1101 delegate this duty to the county taxing authorities."

***

~ andAs~to wUhneittsheorf

osr~hnoootl

the State, Board of administration are

Education authorized

to

011

....a~ a free pubhc .......tary bases

education

for

children

who

reside

and"Iloacm of th.e opm 10n that the State Board of Education

al uruts of school administration are authorized

to provide a free public education for children who reside on military bases located within the State if, and only if, the parents, legal guardians or other adult persons responsible for the welfare of such children are liable for the payment of State income taxes and for the payment of State sales and use taxes on items purchased on such military reservations."
HEADLINERS
Robert B. Wright Jr., a member of the Georgia State Board of Education from Moultrie, has been elected Southern Area Vice President of the National Association of State Boards of Education.
Nathan B. Nolan, Executive Director of the Georgia R ehabilitation Center, Georgia Department of Education, has been elected President-elect of the Association of Rehabilitation Centers, Inc., the leadership and service organization of rehabilitation facilities.
Georgia Superintendent Jack P . Nix has been elected to a three-year term on the Board of Directors of the Chief State School Officers. Byron W. Hansford, Superintendent of Colorado Public Schools, is president.
Harold Howe II resigned as Commissioner of Education to join the Ford Foundation as director of education programs in India.
James F. 'clark, Director of DeKalb Area Technical School at Clarkston, has been named chairman of tlie Committee on Occupational Education of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
J. B. Angelo Crowe, Department of Education Driver Education Consultant, has been elected to the Board of Directors of the American Driver and Traffic Safety Education Association for 1968-70. ADTSEA is a department of the National Education Association.
PTA Cools School
Tennille Elementary School in the Washington County School System has been completely air conditioned with money earned by the Parent Teacher Association through various projects.

a

a look at education's role today

Vo-ed, Dropouts, Work Training Nixon Targets
What's in store for education in the Nixon administration?
The target of American education must be "that every individual has the opportunity and the facilities to develop to the highest power the full range of his inherent ability. There must be no arbitrary barriers, neither racial nor economic," says the President.
Nixon's thoughts on education in the past have been generally focused on the problems of vocational education, the problems of dropouts and of training for work. During his campaign he followed the Republican line under which "block grants" of federal funds would be allocated to the states for use as the states and school districts see fit. .
Last spring Nixon talked mainly about the "million and a half American boys and girls who leave high schools each year and enter the labor market." Many of these youngsters, he said, took "a general course in school which provided them with no marketable skill ... others took vocational training that is no longer relevant to the multiple needs of our technological society."
He also urged that employers be given tax credits for providing high school dropouts, as well as high school graduates, with skills needed "to make their own way in the marketplace of an automated society."
"New emphasis is needed," he said, "on centering placement services within the nation's high schools." He thought the U. S. should set a goal-that every youngster entering high school should emerge with "at least one marketable skill."

Free Lunch Program Boosted
The U. S. Department of Agriculture has announced new regulations which will provide free or reduced-rate daily school lunches for one million additional needy children. This boosts the program from 2.5 million to 3.5 million children in just one year.
Funds have been increased from only $5 million in fiscal1968 to $53 million in fiscal year 1969, which began last July 1. According to former Secretary of Agriculture Orville L. Freeman, the new regulations are possible because Congress authorized USDA to use $48 million in additional funds for the expansion.

Youngsters Make History Live
On Georgia Day
General Oglethorpe organizing in a new country ...
Why people leave a settled, orderly come to a wild, unexplored territory ...
The days when Georgia was a band of living only along the coast with Savannah only town ...
The personal stories beneath the surface history book facts ...
Many stories can be told about Georgia's as one of the 13 original English colonies America.
The annual Georgia Day Celebration on 12 offers an opportunity for students to pate in history projects that help them what was happening in Georgia during colonial period.
In the Chatham County School System, example, social studies, art, home English and history classes join together making the celebration a truly experience.
In home economics girls make tumes and try colonial recipes.
Drawings, paintings, dimensional displays, with emphasis on architecture, are exhibited.
Pageants, plays and tableaux re-creating nial life are presented in special assemblies class programs.
Book reviews, themes and research papers students a chance to learn more than names dates about Oglethorpe, colonial life and settlers of Georgia.
Fact sheets available to every school more projects for making history come alive Georgia Day, whose observance by schools is required by law.

a look at education's role today 9

b~ Jltlhe:;,

porfintchiepaPlsr, osf euspseiorinnat el

nPdreanc~tsicaesn

Commission, composed of d other Georf?ia educators,

-, -,:,

~noroaneJaomfesi,ts

Jeqsuuapr;terMlry~.sesLsilwlin~s.

From left, B. Bullard,

Mfroanritetrtao;w,Mra~r.e

Elizabeth Lambert, Macon, v1ce chmrman; Hmden Turn er, Drwd

Hills High School, chairman; Mrs. L . C. Baylor, Gainesville; Mrs. Catherine Ward, Morrow. Back row, left to right, Charles W. Johnson, Augusta; Miss Maxine Palmour, Trion; Walter Gunter, Watkinsville; J. H. Broughton , Whitfield County; A. B. Martin, Lowndes Cowlly; Otis White, Atlanta.

Most Georgia Systems Out of Deficit Financing

According to budgets which have been submitted to tbe Georgia Department of Education, nearly all Georgia school systems anticipate being out of deficit financing by June 30, 1969, reports State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix.
Georgia Ranks Second In School Lunch Program
Georgia ranks second in the United States in the percentage of school children participating in the school ~cb progra-m. The State this year tied with South Caro-
lina for number two spot behind Louisiana, according to figures of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
School lunch participation in the State is 66.5 percent of children enrolled. Georgia has moved to second place
from.fifth place in 1962, according to Miss Josephine
Martin, Chief Consultant, School Food Service, Georgia
Department of Education. "It's possible that Louisiana is
:Cahead of Georgia only because state education funds appropriated to help Louisiana keep the cost of school .. h down," Miss Martin said.
tbe Georgia's high rate of participation is a tribute to llor~fforts of school personnel at the local level who have to ed COOperatively with the Department of Education
Sc.::e this record possible," said Superintendent of 1s Jack P. Nix.

The number of Georgia school systems operating at a deficit is sharply decreasing, and the average amount of their deficit is also decreasing.
According to figures released by the State Department of Audits, 76 Georgia school systems operated at an average deficit of approximately $75,000 during the year ending June 30, 1965. But during the school year 196667, the number of systems operating at a deficit dropped to 50, and the average deficit decreased to approximately $56,000.
Figures furnished to the Department of Education by school systems, but not yet audited, indicate that during the school year 1967-68, the number of systems operating at a deficit dropped to 43 . The average deficit decreased to about $54,000.
School system budgets for the school year 1968-69 indicate there are only nine school systems anticipating a deficit as of June 30.
"Under Georgia law, it is illegal for a school system to operate at a deficit," says Oscar H. Joiner, Assistant State Superintendent for School Administrative Services. "Prior to 1964 there was no way for this law to be adequately enforced. But since then school systems have been required to have fiscal responsibility. And the State Board of Education has set up policies whereby those systems in deficit can elmiinate their deficits.
"It's all a matter of getting the school systems to feel that they have more fiscal responsibility than have felt in the past," Joiner said.

10 a look at education's role today
reports on education

Governor Lester G. Maddox, center, receives the final report on Comprehensive Statewide Planning for V ocational Rehabilitation Services from, left to right, Nathan Nolan, Director, Division of Rehabilitation Facilities and Workshops; Dr. 0 . C. Aderhold, form er President of the University of Georgia and Chairman of th e Policy Board of the Statewide Planning Project; (Maddox); Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix and John S. Prickett Jr., Assistant Superintendent of Schools, Office of R eha bilitation Services. A
The Atlanta Journal hailed Georgia ETV's "TV High School" series of adult education programs as "potentially the state's biggest breakthrough in its effort to battle Georgia's illiteracy problem." Although the series of 60 programs, produced by the Manpower Training Institute of New York, has been shown in several metropolitan areas throughout the nation, Georgia is the first state to televise them on a statewide basis. Additional information is available from Mrs. Catherine Kirkland, coordinator, adult education, Georgia Department of Education.
The manager of the Atlanta plant of the Chevrolet Motors Division, W. A. Canning, has written Superintendent of Schools JackP. Nix inviting members of the state school system faculty and students throughout Georgia to visit the plant. Tours are offered daily, Monday through Friday, at 1 p.m. Tours may be arranged through James M. Edwards, 622-466,1, extension 219.
The Institute of School Learning and Individual Differences at George Peabody College for Teachers is accepting applications for dual-major doctoral programs leading to a career in educational research. Interested teachers are invited to make inquiry to Prof. Jack W. Miller, Institute on School Learning and Individual Differences , Box 504, George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tenn. 37203.

two-year, statewide study finan ced by the Rehabilitation Administration of HEW, th e Statewide Planning answers to three questions: H ow many people in rehabilitation services? H ow adequate are the existing tion services? and, What type of rehabilitation program state need? Answers were presented to the Governor in volum e report which, if implem en ted, will ensure that tion services will be ami/able to all handicapped persons state by 1975.
The 1969 federal legislation proposals. of the
Commission of the States call for consolidation and simplification of all education aid programs, reduction separate funds, streamlining of application and ing procedures and greater reliance on coJmr,rehelllSl'Ve state planning and accountability. A three-tiered of aid programs is proposed, consisting of general "greatly broadened categorical aids which would functional block grants and a limited system of aids."
The Commission is also considering taking over, request of CAPE ( Committee on Assessing the of Education), the management of CAPE's national ment of education programs.
The U. S. Supreme Court has ruled that a South lina law which provides scholarship grants for to attend private, nonparochial schools is According to Education U.S.A. Washington 1vn,....~ the action affirmed a lower court ruling that the of the 1963 law was to circumvent requirements forlblCJJI ding discrimination on the basis of race or color in state's public education system. South Carolina that its law brings private education within the low income children. But the Justice Department law promoted the creation of a racially segregated of private schools.

a look at education's role today t1

oN BOARD: Peters, Stewart Elected

JarneS S. Peters of Manchester, Sixth District Repre(ve bas been elected to his eleventh term as Chair-
senta If ;he State Board of Education.
~e~ry A. Stewart of Cedartown was elected vice chair-

IJIIl
***

In other action at the December meeting the State Board

rl Education:
Approved a req~est of Pol~ County Board ?f Education lor funds to establish a vocatiOnal program w1th federal
Appalachian Act funds of $280,000 and local funds of

$70,000; Approved projects under the Library Services and Con-
struction Act for libraries in Atlanta, Tifton and Albany;

Heard the following report from the Mcintosh County Board of Education concerning school children living on
Sapelo Island: A portable building co.ntaining two classrooms,
restrooms, heating and lighting has been constructed on Sapelo Island for the housing of students in grades one through six. Enrollment in Sapelo Island School was 22 pupils in grades one through three and 15 pupils in grades four, five and six. Students on the Island in grades seven through twelve are being transported daily by small boat to the mainland to attend school in Darien;

Approved a plan for initiating a state program for the gifted;

Approved a contract between Wesleyan College and the Georgia Department of Education for the lease of facilities at Wesleyan for the Governor's Honors Program for the summer of 1969;

Denied a request of the Georgia Congress of Parents and ~eachers that the State Board of Education require
:~g of. psychology in the public high schools of

dardr~gtfao,r

Wtth the proviso that at such time as the public schools of Georgia are reviewed t

Stanhat

=deration be given to including psychology as an

ve study at the secondary level;
~roved the State Plan for administration of the llan .ation of Professional Personnel in the Education of

dicapped Children Act
aa:~pointed a statewide a~visory committee to assist
Brad 10 the development of an exploratory program in

es seven, eight and nine which is intended to provide

an orientation to occupational education and the world of work.
At the November meeting the Board: Amended the Title II State Plan to require that school systems certify that Title II funds are not being used to supplant local funds; Approved teacher education programs at .Wesleyan College, LaGrange College, Georgia State College, Atlanta University; Approved an application for an area vocational high school to serve students from Fannin and Gilmer counties; Approved a request of the Charlton County Board of Education that St. George School be declared an isoiated school for the 1968-69 school year; Recommended the Georgia Department of Education proceed with the activation of Channel 57 with the U. S. Communications Corp.; Approved projects under the Library Services and Construction Act in the amount of $77,785 for Jefferson County Library and $100,000 for the Northeast Georgia Regional Library, Toccoa; Amended policies of the State Board pertaining to planning and construction of school facilities to require that educational television conduits be installed in all new buildings and all additional buildings, and that air conditioning be included in all new buildings and additions having 8,000 square feet orr more; Approved a recommendation that systems operating in deficit financing be prohibited from hiring additional teachers, and that systems not operating in deficit financing be prohibited from hiring additional teachers if such practice would cause them to be in deficit.
***
Next meetings of the State Board are scheduled for Feb. 12 (committees) and Feb. 19 (regular Board).
Teachers Still Needed
Georgia school systems reported 380 vacancies in their teaching and administrative staffs on Oct. 15. With 153 of 194 systems reporting, elementary teacher vacancies totaled 172, secondary teacher vacancies, 132; special services personnel, 76.

Teacher of the Year .

Continued from page 3

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States William 0 . Douglas.
That Morgan's teaching excellence is both an achievement and an inspiration is attested to by students, parents and educators. James L. Townsend wrote in Atlanta Magazine during the summer after Douglas spoke to the graduating class: "The class last year studied the U. S. Constitution through Supreme Court decisions. It sounds like a course designed to put a man to sleep, but Morgan's skill made it exciting. He encouraged debate, let the students speak freely, and before the year was over the classroom resounded with animated discussion."
A grandparent wrote: "You are doing a great work with youth, and I hope you will continue in education." A parent: "His influence on my two sons has been great. He is truly an outstanding young man." And students: "You have taught me the meanings of the words 'mind' and 'soul,' through the meaning of the word 'friend.' As a teacher you gave me knowledge; as a friend you gave me wisdom" ... "For me, you are an inspiration.''
Morgan's philosophy underlies the success he has had in teaching: "My professional growth has been influenced favorably by the cooperation of and association with a dedicated faculty; by a school system that allows me the freedom to teach creatively; that encourages a continuation of education in the academic area; by the State of Georgia which furnished me with a scholarship in order to

secure my master's degree; by principals who ha"Vt
shown confidence in my ability and have afforded opportunity to try new ideas in the classroom; and dominantly by the interest in learning, the .1\.UJ.Unf~'" the tolerance of the young men and women who been my students during the past ten year. They hayt taught me equally as much, if not more, than I have them.''
FINALISTS NAMED
This year's five national finalists for Teache, of the Year, announced Dec. 30 by William B. Arthur, editor of Look Magazine, include:
GEORGE 0. CURETON-Marton Street Elt.
mentary School, Newark, N. J. (first gratk) ARCHIE W.' DEMMERT- Blatchley Junior
High School, Sitka, Ark. (sixth grade) BARBARA COLEMAN-Miami Jackson
School, Miami, Fla. (English and langiUlflt arts and head of English department) RICHARD A. HANSON -Burnsville Senior High School, Burnsville, Minn. (mathematia and chairman of mathematics department and football coach) AGNES HILDEBRAND WILSON - Lincolll High School, Sumter, S. C. (French and journalism)

BULK RATE
U . S. Postage
PAID
Atlanta, Georgia Permit Number 168

fhis Issue:

challenge for the Gifted

page 8

~ !~ ~::~uft:rre . .... page 1

On Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 11

COMMISSION WILL SET GOALS
GAP to Assess Quality of State's Education

By Mary Kay Murphy

In Georgia, 41.1 cents of every tax dollar is spent on

education. During 1967-68, more than $550 million state tax
dollars were spent on education in Georgia. By 1971, more than $785 million state tax dollars will
be spent on educating Georgia's public school students. "When a state spends that much money on education,"
reports Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix, "it needs to know a great deal about the eritical education needs of ns people."

In an attempt to assess and determine the critical education needs of the people of Georgia, an education research project-the Georgia Assessment Project-has been developed.

"This project will have, we believe, far-reaching plan-

ning implications for local and state education programs,"

Mr. Nix said.

GAP wipjQ.~l~n asses cation ancf!'M~f~mi
Georgia. It will furnish 1c

the quality of public edu~dbcation needs in
sta~ education decision-

makers with information on which to ..base their programs.

beAap12-.member "Commission on Education Goals" will
. pomted by the State Board of Education to deter-
~e the objectives for public education in Georgia for
e next ten years.
an~~ Russ~U S. Clark, Director of Planning, Research,
anct D~alu~tJ~n for the Georgia Department of Education,
Re Wilham H. Schabacker, Associate Director of
search, Will conduct the project.

Dr. Schabacker will serve as Executive Secretary to the Goals Commission.
GAP is basically an evaluation project aimed at measuring the quality of the product of Georgia's public schools-the child.
Information System
Concurrently, GAP will compile and organize for ready access all pertinent information about the education system. As the project nears completion, it will determine the relationship between cost of a given education program and the benefits which might be expected from it.
Basically an evaluation project, GAP will assess the product of Georgia's public schools-the chil<;l-evaluating him and not his individual school or school system.
"We are attempting to sort out all the activities, happenings and human interactions which go on in a school," Dr. Clark said.
"We will do this in an attempt to determine under what conditions which of these experiences are having a good effect on pupils, which a bad effect and which no effect at all. We will also look at which resources have an effect."
GAP will involve a random sample of Georgia's public school students, kindergarten through grade 12.
"This is not a follow-up project," reported Clark. "We won't investigate what happens to the student after he leaves Georgia's schools. We will, instead, focus on those experiences he had in the public schools."
Other aspects of the project include identification of education goals by the "Commission on Education Goals."
Continued on page 6

2

a look at education's role today

We are always looking for "something for nothing," and always end up paying for what we get. There is no "something for nothing." In such things as buying material goods, you get what you pay for. In religion-you tend to get out of it what you put into it. And in doing good deeds-one good deed deserves another. That is the way it is in everything we do, and it is just as true in education. In education, we get what we pay for.
If we ever hope to have a first class educational program in Georgia, we will have to pay enough to get the job done. And I am convinced that only when we care enough to put the child first will we be willing to foot the bill for his education.
As State Superintendent of Schools, it is my legal responsibility to recommend the kind of education program the State's children should have, a program that is equal in quality and quantity no matter where the child lives. Recently, I have recommended such a program to the Governor and the Appropriations Committees of both the House and Senate. To the best of my ability, I have tried to outline the needs, both to continue the educational level and progress we have already attained and to attempt some new and innovative educational ventures which I am convinced the people in the State will want for their children.
I have recommended these new programs, realizing at the same time that our living costs are up 4.5 percent over last year; that federal taxation has increased and that local property taxes and state taxes continue to rise.
I have presented this program honestly and without apology, because I consider it a minimum program for the children in this State. I am fully aware we are surrounded by an atmosphere of uncertainty about tax revenues and the setting of priorities for state government needs.
Everyone seems to be running around telling everyone else how to save on school taxes, and it may sound good on the surface. But make no mistake about it, if we save on taxes at the local level, we are going to have to pay more taxes for education at the state level-and all the tax money is your money. It may be a matter of choice on your part, because it stands to reason that when you spend the money locally, you are going to have more voice in how it is spent.
I am well aware that property owners in many parts of this State feel they are being taxed unreasonably for school purposes. But the fact is that many counties, although they are now paying twice what they were paying several years ago, are not paying in any way proportionate to other places in the State. Someone remarked, however, "If you've been paying nothing all these years, and suddenly you are paying something, then that's a whale of a big increase."
You might assume that property selling for $15,000 in one part of the State would be taxed for schools on the same basis as other property in the State that sells for $15,000. But this is no way true. First of all, although the State has said that counties must evaluate property at 48 percent, many are not doing this. In addition, while there is a legal maximum of 20 mills which counties can use for school tax purposes, many are using only nine mills.
So when we talk about ability to pay for education, what we actually pay and what we could really pay are not the same thing. We are spending $150 less per child than the national average.
Georgia can take pride in its progress in public school education in the past several years. We have increased our teachers' salaries; we have increased our ability to build new classrooms when they are needed; we have set minimum standards for all of our schools; we have increased our school lunch participation
Continued on page 3

You Get What You
Pay For
inside education
with
Jack P. Nix State Superintendent of Schools

a look at education's role today 3

cut Quality or Quantity-It's Foolish Economy': Post

tJi~todn~a't1owr,sthhiencohstueabpjpTeechateroeffdolfilinonwatnhinceginWgaareesdhueinxcgcatetoironpntsPionfsrtothmAeparnil 22,

11.}68:

on t of

Columbia.)

IJiStnc appears to be a general impression that education

1bereform of fringe or frill indulgence to be granted 15 scohmiledren as a special favor when the commum.ty can

10 d r without suffering any pinch and without taxing

"or 1

. lf uncomfortably .. ii5C"School budgets can

be

cut

ei~her

of

two

_ways:

~y

~ ing the quality or the quantity of schooling avmlable.

'Asucresently organized and operated,' the Passow Report

DOt fong ago told the people of Washington, 'The schools not adequate to the task of providing quality education
:the District's school children." A further reduction in the quality of education here seems, therefore, out of

die question. "The alternative would be, perhaps, to choose by lot
lbc children of the community to whom education is to be pted. If Washington cannot afford to educate all its dlildren, it might try educating half of them- or, say,

lbree-fifths, if it happens to feel in a generous mood. "Either course--reducing the quality or the quantity of

education to the District-is a fool's form of economy. It means, altogether inevitably, enlarging the cost of

aime control, of riot devastation, of welfare and relief rolls, of juvenile delinquency. It means reduced revenue

resulting from the low productivity of undertrained and

unemployable workers. It means civil stagnation. "Let us quit talking about budget cuts and begin talking
about meeting civic obligations responsibly. Dr. Manning and the Board of Education ought to be screaming from the housetops for a school budget adequate to the city's needs. It is Washington's own civic throat that the budget cutters are proposing to cut."
Legislators Look, Learn
It worked in Philadelphia. Georgia school system superintendents having difficulty attaining a sympathetic ear from local officials and legislators might try this strategy reported in Saturday Review: "In a desperate attempt to teach state legislators about the plight of Philadelphia's schools, the city school board invited them to take a personal look at the classrooms. Shaken and dismayed after the day's excursion, one legislator said that the school he visited was terrible and that the principal admitted the children were not learning. The Reverend Henry H. Nichols, vice president of the school board, replied, 'There are about sixty-seven other schools just like that. What do you think we have been talking about?' "The visits were one tactic in a drive to save the schools from the bankruptcy predicted by the school board by the middle of the next school year ..."

e ed inSl"d

ucatlon Continued from page 2

IDtil we now rank second in the nation; we have made our school transportation ~m tops in the Southeast; we have one of the top programs of rehabilitation
:::_a1 ~ nation; we are a leader in the field of vocational education and have gained r~gnition for our network of area vocational-technical schools; we have gest Interconnected educational television network in the country. lla'But ~hen we are compared with other states, we are counted down on one ra:~mt. When it is reported how Georgia ranks in education, it is said we
T th! On what basis? On our local support for education!
Pllt leoday in th_e United States there are only six other states where the people Isss ~oney mto education at the local level than do the people of Georgia.
latio ?this how we value our children? Do you want them to rank 44th in the StatendoOf course you do not, and neither do I. I am confident the people of this
tllough care enough to put the child first-they do care care enough to pay to get the job done!

Correction
In the December-January issue ALERT erroneously reported that Henry Stewart had been elected Vice Chairman of the State Board of Education. The article should have said: the Board re-elected Robert B. Wright, Jr. as Vice Chairman of the Board and elected Henry Stewart Vice Chairman for Appeals.
ALERT regrets the error.

I

4

a look at education's role today

Industrial Arts Takes On Space -Age Look

Space-age technology is being taught in selected Georgia school systems for the first time this year.
Georgia is leading the nation by starting a program in which high school students will receive instruction in their industrial arts classes showing the relationship of the aerospace industry to the various subject areas of industrial arts-drafting and design, power, electronics, metals, graphic arts and woods.
"One of the first space shots had to be postponed," says Raymond S. Ginn Jr. , consultant in industrial arts education for the Georgia Department of Education, "because there was not a diesel mechanic available to do a repair job."
" If we are to do our job in industrial arts education, which is to interpret American industry to the high school student so that he can select his proper job spot, then we cannot afford to neglect any area of American industry. And that certainly goes for the aerospace industry, one of the biggest."
The current new program evolved from a pilot program on which the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Georgia Department of Education collaborated last year at four colleges (Berry, Georgia Southern, Savannah State and the University of Georgia)
GSBA Supports 18 Percent
The Georgia School Boards Association at its annual convention in Atlanta Feb. 10 adopted a resolution opposing any reduction in the "required local effort" to less than 18 percent (as defined by the Minimum Foundation of Education Act) and supporting the channeling of available funds for education through the MFPE, including appropriations for maintenance and operation, consumable supplies and a contingency fund.
Further, the resolution said, if an additional sum of $33 million for education could be made available, local control of education would be strengthened by using the Minimum Foundation formula of distribution and by establishing a large contingency fund which would enable local boards of education to reduce local ad valorem taxes.
The GSBA repeated its beliefs that taxes should be collected where the wealth is and spent where the children are; that every child, whether in rural or urban Georgia, is entitled to the same educational opportunities.

and four high schools (West Rome, Rome; Barrow, Winder; East Side, Columbus and Macon) .
During the summer, the same colleges held shops in which industrial arts educators and 1:tudents preparing a curriculum in aerospace It is being integrated into the present ....,,u,...-.... curriculum in 27 Georgia high schools this
School systems which began using the this year are: Bibb, Bulloch, Chatham, ...,...,u~~.1119 Jackson, Houston, Rabun, Stephens, Richmond and Hall counties and Rome city.
Georgia Students Compete For Merit Scholarships
Some 318 of Georgia's most intellectually school seniors were named semifinalists in the National Merit Scholarship Program. They will for about 3,000 Merit Scholarships to be spring.
They were the highest scorers in Georgia on National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test, February in 17,500 schools nationwide. The constitute less than one percent of the gnlctutattnt secondary school seniors in the United States.
Semifinalists must advance to finalist standing considered for Merit Scholarships, since all be selected from the finalist group. Semifinalists finalists by receiving the endorsement of their submitting scores from a second examination providing information about their achievements interests.
Every semifinalist who becomes a finalist will considered for one of the 1,000 National Merit$ Scholarships, allocated by state. Many will also considered for the four-year Merit Scholarship by some 400 corporations, foundations, unions, professional associations, other organizations and victuals.
Names of the winners in the 1968-69 Merit will be announced by early May 1969. Some 1 students have received Merit Scholarships in the annual programs to date.

a look at education's role today 5

ocATIONAL EDUCATION GETS CHALLENGE

1 Sslc.l1hYoo-eligwhitthpoeurtceanntyovfoGcaeto1.0rgniaa1'strhaim.g.hmsgch. o.o.l students
Several hundred thousand adults in Georgia have than a high school education . . .
Residents of 134 co~ties in the State have no acess 1 area vocational-techmcal school ... 111 d like a challenge to the planners of vocational 5oiJtDion programs m' Georgt'a?.
llkJ'CJb8at is exactly what I.t I.S.
[)r. John Fulmer of Georgia Institute of Technology's
SdJoOI of Industrial Manage~ent told the State Board of
Jidueation at its January meetmg what the Master Plan Project for Vocational Education had discovered about .ocational education in the State. Dr. Fulmer is chairman ct tbe Advisory Committee to the Master Plan, which a
JCII' ago was assigned to look at the entire vocational
education program in Georgia, try to determine where the weak spots are and what can be done to correct them so dill all Georgians can get the kind of vocational education IIIey must have. The committee has as members state leaders in such fields as government, labor, manufacturiag, finance and education.
Some other discoveries the study committe made: t Georgia has eight to ten thousand college dropouts 11111ually . . . t The State has 20,000 high school dropouts anIUally ...
t And 30,000 educationally deprived children ... t Sixty thousand pupils in grades 7-12 have no vocaIXlnal education training opportunities . . . t The State has 100,000 handicapped citizens who lleed vocational training and are not receiving it . . . t Vocational programs for girls are very limited ... Eighty-six percent of high schools in Georgia have :;ollment of less than 1,000, and so cannot qualify for comprehensive high school program . . .
. The committee found these and many other problems in
IS study. It also made some recommendations to help IOive some of the problems:
_; ~ake Georgia's area vocational-technical schools
SSible to everyone in the State.
~ Develop more vocational education programs in the
SChools, especially for women and adults.
'Octa .Prepare for 100 percent growth in enrollment in
t tiona! programs in the next five years. at th Add exploratory programs in vocational education
e elementary and junior high levels.

Mount a strong effort to overcome the stigma which vocational education has in the eyes of many school people and the public.
Now that the Advisory Committee has made its study and recommendations and presented them to the Board and the Department of Education, Department staff will undertake the second phase of the Master Plan Projectdesigning ways the recommendations can be implemented.
Dr. Gene Bottoms, Associate Director of the Department's Division of Vocational Education, is coordinator of the Department's staff working with the Master Plan.

6

a look at education's role today

Continued from page 1
"The members of this Commission will be chosen," Mr. Nix reported, "because they are selfless, able people with broad interests, possessing vastly different outlooks and philosophies of life. They will represent what the Board believes to be the best practical wisdom in many fields in the State~"
The work of the Commission will be to describe the society of Georgia in the 1980's, to describe the citizen of that time and to identify the goals which the education system should work toward in order to prepare the citizen to live in that society.
Future Goals
Especially will the Commission identify meaningful futuristic goals for education in Georgia, goals relevant to the needs of all in Georgia-regardless of race, creed, color, national or regional origin or station in life.
To arrive at advanced education goals, the Commission will be charged with investigating Georgia's social, economic, technological, scientific and demographic conditions as they are today and with attempting to identify the changes which might occur in the State by 1980.
The Commission's initial step will be to identify the major problems in every aspect of Georgia life to which public education could conceivably contribute a solution.
Goals adopted by the Commission will be published in a report, "Goals for Education in Georgia," and will be directed to the State Board of Education for its consideration and adoption. The report will be distributed to all

geoPgia nee--
to kn
schools, civic, service and lay citizen groups u:....,,.;,~ the future of Georgia's system of public education.
"We want to encourage wide consideration by the of the issues raised by the Commission's report," said .
Following the work of the Commission and of its report, a number of task force groups will organized.
"Each task force will have from three to five curriculum specialists, subject matter specialists psychologists," Schabacker said.
"These members will interpret the goals of the mission into educational objectives. The obJec:uves. turn, will be broken down into specific tasks or skills the student should be able to perform to deJmonstratc ability."
Sampled students will then be assessed, but in a rather different from the usual paper and pencil type test.
"Altered performance is the best evidence of Schabacker said, "because students are expected not to know something, but also how to utilize this edge."

'Jbe Goals Commission will begin its work in early 1969.
abt"VV trUSt the Commission will be sufficiently active to to start feeding its expected goals to the Georgia eof Education by July 1970," Clark said.
"fhen it will take approximately two years to expand goals into specific tasks or skills which the students be able to perform to demonstate their abilities."
GAP will be an ongoing project, continuously updating altering and modifying its findings as education in responds to change in social, economic, technoscientific and demographic conditions in the State.
GAP is also providing an evaluative function for the and Secondary Education Act Title III pro-
in the State . A combination of federal and state is supporting this ongoing research project.
GAP should not be confused with the Georgia Departof Education's Standards Program, which is an anmeasurement of the physical environment surround-
the student in Georgia's public schools.
and GA P will tell .. .)

a look at education's role today 7
Textbook Adoption Schedule Changed
Beginning next school year the time of textbook adoptions by the State Board of Education will be changed from October to December or January, making it necessary for schools to modify their textbook selection procedures.
Georgia's professional textbook selection committee until now has made its recommendations to the State Board of Education in October of each year, and the Board has made its adoptions during the same month, explained Dr. Claude lvie, Director of the Curriculum Division, Georgia Department of Education. This has meant that the Georgia Textbook List could be printed and made available to schools by January.
Schools have had from January until June to make their selections from the list and get their orders in. This has allowed the publishers the necessary 90 days in which to deliver orders before school starts in September.
The new procedure means the Georgia Textbook List will not be available to schools until probably March 1. Schools will have from March 1 to June 1 to make their selections and enter their orders and still give the publishers 90 days in which to deliver the orders.
Schools therefore will have two alternatives, said Dr. lvie. They can begin their study of possible textbook selections before the Georgia Textbook List is delivered, and thus have a general idea of what they want ahead of time. Or they can wait to make their selections until the school year following the year in which the books are adopted.
The State Board of Education has found it necessary to make this change in order to insure that the State receives the best possible price on textbooks. Schools are urged to continue to cooperate in giving the publishers 90 days in which to deliver their orders, Dr. lvie said.

And Why Not?
"The public schools were blamed when the Russians launched Sputnik. I assume that the public schools should receive the credit for the Apollo 8 flight."
"Congratulations." (Memorandum from Colorado Commissioner of Education Byron W. Hansford to "All Colorado Educators." )

8

a look at education's role today

Rehabilitation Serves 9,031 Georgians in 1967-68

More disabled Georgians received rehabilitation services during the 1967-68 fiscal year than at any other time in the history of the rehabilitation program in Georgia, according to JohnS. Prickett Jr., Assistant State Superintendent of Schools for Rehabilitation Services.
Prickett said 9,031 Georgians were provided rehabilitation services and returned to gainful employment through efforts of the Office of Rehabilitation Services, Georgia Department of Education. In addition to the number rehabilitated, many more were furnished services as part of their rehabilitation program.
Georgia's rehabilitation record last year placed the State seventh in the nation in the number of persons rehabilitated per capita and sixth in the nation in the number rehabilitated without regard to population.
The Georgia program provided for one or more rehabilitation services to 47,659 persons, including 25,888 rehabilitation clients and 21,771 applicants for social security benefits.
The average cost of rehabilitating each of the 9,031 clients was $1,716. A total of $15,497,196 was spent in rehabilitation of the State's handicapped citizens.

Students Enthusiastic Over Honors Program
"I would not trade a minute of it for the world!" "It is the best way I have ever spent a summer."
"It's the most wonderful, enjoyable and educational experience that a high school student can have."
The comments are typical of those of 97 percent of the students who attended and recently evaluated the Eighth Congressional District Honors Program for high school students at South Georgia College in Douglas last summer.
The program was rated excellent or good by 97 percent of the students who attended. The faculty was rated excellent or good by 99 percent of students.
The Eighth District Program serves students in Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Ben Hill, Berrien, Bleckley, Brantley, Camden, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Cook, Dodge, Echols, Glynn, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Lanier, Lowndes, Pierce, Telfair, Ware, Wayne and Wilcox Counties.

Ever go in a classroom and see bored students out the window? Ever see a student so inattentive know when the teacher called on him?
Did you suppose they were the problem "luueJII.ta..l learners?
Chances are pretty great they were the gifted in the class. They understood the first time the explained about logarithms, or Latin verbs or the of the American Revolution. The second, third or time the teacher goes over the material, the gifted loses interest.
Educators in Georgia now recognize the the disinterested gifted students and have rlP11Plr....i new program to encourage them. Through a being initiated in 20 school systems in the fall of the gifted students in 20 school systems will be daily challenge in the classroom.
Programs will be designed by individual """..."~" will submit plans to the Georgia Department of tion. Programs may be special group projects, study plans, resource centers, using of teacher ever a system decides will benefit the students designated as gifted.
In discussing the new program, Jack P. Nix, Superintendent of Schools, said, "Some of our dents have been growing disinterested in school. bored by the traditional forms of education. It is took advantage of the great talent and ability young people have. Let's see that they receive incentive and encouragement for their extra ability. this new program we will be able to reach so many with an improved education program."
Systems will design their own programs, recruit own specialists and develop their criteria for the gifted. Plans for system programs will be the Georgia Department of Education's Program Exceptional Children, and the 20 systems to receive will be designated by the Department. The Exceptional Children of the Department of Educ~tUQ already received some applications.
In September 1970, a project will be funded in additional systems, making a total of 40 in the The number of programs for the gifted will coJ:ttlilUG: increase by 20 each year until there is a program gifted in every system.
Since there are not enough teachers specially

a look at education's role today 9

IFTED NOT NEGLECTED ANYMORE

teaching the gifted, funds are available for summer IOuate work. These funds come from the Critical Fields
through which the federal government offers to teachers who will add a teaching area to their
through graduate study. The University of Georgia is developing a teacher
program for teachers with at least a T-4 to be trained to teach the gifted student.
Tr~ning teachers and allotting personnel in the area of
gifted is an important part of implementing House 453, requiring every school system to provide public
for all exceptional children. The gifted are
Tb in this group.
IS program will not replace the Governor's Honors 'UI!r:o,., now held at Wesleyan College for eight weeks
summer. The systems' programs will instead provide study opportunities during the regular school day.

Only 400 junior and senior high school students can attend the summer program, and in Georgia this means that the majority of the two to five percent of all elementary and secondary school children who are gifted have no special education program, ever. However, system wide programs will reach all of the system's elementary and high school students designated as intellectually gifted.
"It is of vital importance to reach these students with programs that will challenge their abilities. Otherwise, they often become bored with classroom activity, become apathetic about studying and some even drop out of school. These students must be reached during the regular instructional year, in public school classrooms so that the student can reach his full potential, remain interested in school and in learning and go on to use his special abilities in whatever area he chooses as an adult. The new Georgia program is aimed at reaching these goals," said Mr. Nix.

10 a look at education's role today

reports on education

Georgia school systems are generally achieving success in their efforts to immunize school children against communicable diseases in compliance with the compulsory immunization law passed by the General Assembly last year.
The State Health Department, which is implementing the law, sampled 20 percent of the State's school population in 20 counties and found satisfactory compliance in 17 of the 20 counties. Of the 885,000 children in the sample, only three percent were reported in non-compliance.
The Student, the Staff and the Curriculum will be topics discussed during the Regional Conference of the American Technical Education Association in Atlanta March 6 and 7.
Two speakers, one representing education, the other, industry, have been selected for each session. After each session, conference delegates will discuss points of agreement and areas of concern.
Representatives from Alabama, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Puerto Rico and Tennessee will attend the meetings at Atlanta Area Technical School, according to John F. Standridge, regional director.
Among speakers will be Dr. Gene Bottoms of the Georgia Department of Education.
Any Georgia high school which has a certified Vocational Office Training program may now place cooperative students in state agencies to complete their on-the-job experience requirements, according to Dr. Russell Mercer, supervisor of the program.
The Merit System of Georgia, the state's employment agency, recently approved state agency participation in the cooperative program, in which senior high school students attend school part time and work part time, receiving school credit for on-the-job training in their field. State agencies may employ the students without using an approved position. About one dozen students are currently employed in state agencies through the program.
School lunch regulations have been amended effective Feb. 1 to require systems to file a policy establishing eligibility requirements for free and reduced price lunches.

Approximately 122 systems have filed such accordance with USDA requirements. Miss J Martin, Chief Consultant, School Food Service Georgia Department of Education, said help is from the school food service staff for the 72 systems have not filed policies if they need assistance.
Georgia will receive $311,043 under the .LAJu.,;cwo Professions Development Act to help meet critical ages of teachers and teacher aides. The grants to and 46 other states are the first ever awarded by federal government for the specific purpose of severe shortages of classroom personnel.
The intent of the grants is to bring into the persons from the community-former teachers who now housewives, persons in professions other than ing, individuals with up-to-date vocational skills or a desire to serve-who, with adequate training, make a substantial contribution in the classrooms. persons will be provided with intensive short-term service training. Once they begin work, they will in-service training designed to qualify them for ful careers in the education professions.
Under the program, states distribute federal local school districts which demonstrate urgent need teachers and teacher .aides and submit plans ac<:eptaDI the states for recruiting and training them.
The amount of federal funds allotted to each was determined by a statutory formula which nr;-.vi,rtl!ill a minimum of $100,000 plus an additional amount on the total public and non-public elementary and ondary enrollment.
The 1969 Governor's Conference on Education, sored annually by the Georgia School Boards .M.:>:~""'~ is scheduled for Oct. 8-9.
Georgia had 999 winners of Presidential Physical ness Awards during the 1967-68 school year, 360 and 639 boys.
To earn the award, boys and girls must equal or predetermined standards (adjusted according to age sex) on all seven items of the American Association Health, Physical Education and Recreation Y'?uth Test.

a look at education's role today tt

ix Cites Television's Effect on Youth

S perintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix, at the request
S~dneY L. Raskin, President of the Chatham County 1 of Education, has written the presidents of the broadcasting companies expressing educators' confor "the extent to which our youth are affected by
patterns and modes of dress, behavior and other lllltllU'u"~ of the popular entertainers who appear on
The superintendent's letter to NBC, CBS and ABC was om['L"u by a television program which pictured Frank
using a cigarette throughout the program, "apparas a prop to communicate a cosmopolitan attitude," Mr. Nix.
Mr. Nix requested that the broadcasting executives,
and the entertainment personalities who appear on 111ogntms consider "the immense influence which you have
our youth and the very grave responsibility which ICC()Jmp<my these influences."
The superintendent received a reply from Robert D. (asmire, vice president, corporate information, NBC, a e~:pre:ssn:tg that company's feelings on the subject:
"We urge the producers to note the seriousness of the IJII~ble.m and we ask that the use of cigarettes by per-

formers be curtailed to the extent possible..We have discouraged the use of cigarette smoking as a prop or bit of stage business, and we have asked that particular attention be given to characters and situations that are apt tq be most appealing to young people. We believe this effort has had reasonable success, and its results are apparent when one compar~ prog!!.ms produced for television eight years ago witTi iliose produced today. We will continue our efforts in this direction."
Names Not for Sale
Georgia high school students should not respond to inquiries from national organizations offering payment for compilation of names of students, says Georgia Superintendent Jack P. Nix.
Such offers from organizations labeling themselves "educational list compilations" generally are addressed to students themselves and offer payments of a few cents per name. At least one Georgia high school principal has notified a company that student names are not given out to anyone, and that the company is not to request lists from students.

BOARD: Standards Revised, Strengthened

State funds may be withheld from school systems which not measure up to revised Standards for Public Schools

standards or requirements established by the State Board, or the terms o{ any contract with the State Board, the

Georgia, according to action of the State Board of

State Board may in its discretion, withhold from such local

li i'Jlu~ttion at its February meeting.

unit all or any part of the State-contributed minimum

The State Board heard a report from the Standards

foundation program funds allotted to such local unit under

- ~"'"'11 recommending that Standards next year be

provisions of this Act until such time as full compliance

into three sections. Section I will contain all criteria

is made by the local unit . "

on requirements of law; Section II, all criteria on Board policy; Section III, all other criteria in . .......ucuus approved by the Board.
The Board approved the withholding of funds from any unit failing to fully satisfy the criteria in Sections
and II until the school unit makes necessary corrections.
The Board also made industrial arts a required part of lbe secondary school curriculum and placed it in Section
in the revised Standards.
StaThe authority for withholding state funds comes to the
te Board under Section 56 of the Minimum Foundation of Education Act. This section states in part:
_, the event a local unit of administration shall fail Ia COmply with any provision of this Act or other school Ws, or any provision of rules, regulations, policies,

*****
In other action the Board:
Accepted for consideration a vocational education pilot program for education and career exploration;
Changed the schedule of meetings for the Committee of the Whole and the State Board of Education to provide that the Committee of the Whole will meet March 18 at 1 p.m. and the regular State Board meeting will be held March 19 at 9 a.m.;
Approved two vocational rehabilitation projects-a joint VR and State Employment Services project for the hard core unemployed in the Gainesville area and an innovative project on behavioral disorders;
Continued on page 12

ON BOARD . . . Continued from page 11
Approved a request from Bibb County Board of Education to utilize facilities of the Shurling Street Campus of the Academy for the Blind to train prospective employees in data processing;
Approved the installation of a 360/40 data processing computer in the Georgia Department of Education;
Approved the construction of a new vocational facility in the Lowndes County area to be sponsored by the Economic Development Administration, the Coastal Plains Regional Development Commission and the Lowndes County Board of Education, the two million dollar facility to be used to provide an educational program for the economically deprived in a six county area-Lowndes, Berrien, C6pk, Brooks, Lanier and Echols;
Approved'.~capital outlay requests for Bacon County, Effingham County, Glynn County, Spalding County and Cobb County;
Approved a proposal by educational television to develop an educational television science project, "Science Two," with Florida State University;
Authorized the Department of Education to rent two educational television series from National Instructional Television;
Approved the appointment of an evaluation committee for federal highway safety projects to work with the Division of Curriculum Development's Driver Education Consultant;
Appointed two members-at-large to serve on the State Professional Textbook Selection Committee for 1969Mrs. Mary E. Sanders, George T. White Elementary School, Columbia County, and Dr. Betty Smith, West Point.

At its January meeting the Board:

Established that the formula approved by the S

Board of Education on Oct. 16, 1968, for allotr tate .
funds shall become effective with allotments ma~g capt~

July 1, 1969;

e after

Approved policies of teacher certification and ed .

pertaining to criteria for teacher certification pro ucation
i~ science, administrativ.e and su~ervisory person!~

directors of school services and mstructional supe .CIIId
requirements for "educational media"; and coordinrv~sors;

of Georgia and NCATE evaluation;

atton

Approved amendment grant-m. -aJ'd programs as

of policies for they pertam. to

ttheeacchreitriscaolffiteh1ds

intellectually gifted:

e

Accepted a $10,000 grant from the Corporation fo Public Broadcasting for the production of educationa]r programs as selected by staff;

Agreed to participate as one of ten agencies, coordinated by the National I~stru~tional TV Center, in the development of a TV senes aimed at preschool and kindergarten levels at a cost of $15,000;

Accepted designation of the State Board of Education as the agency in Georgia in charge of all funding from the federal level of all broadcasting;

Adopted a resolution congratulating the Jordan High School Band of Columbus for being chosen to represent Georgia in the inaugural parade of President Nixon;
Heard Dr. John Fulmer of Georgia Institute of Technology present a report on the Master Plan for Vocational Education in Georgia (see story on page 8).
March Board meetings are scheduled for: March 18 (Committee of the Whole) March 19 (Full Board)

BULK RATE U. S. Postage
PAID
Atlanta, Georgia Permit Number 168
Acquist1t1ons D1v. University of Ga. Libraries University of Georgia
Athens, Ga. 30601

Education Budget Request Cut $76 Million

By Anne S. Raymond

education at every level in Georgia will fe el the effects ,( the "Bold the Line" policy which dominated the 1969
ue'l[lheeraUl AnisvseermsibtylyS. ystem Board of Regents has already
ounced it is passing along part of its problem of
~ing ends meet to students and their parents in the form
,( jJlcreased tuition. But the public schools cannot increase tuition.
The alternative is to cut both the quality and quantity of ~ucation at the elementary and secondary levels at a
timewhen education in Georgia was just beginning to take
feW tentative steps forward. 1 The $3 85 million in state funds appropriated by the General Assembly is barely three percent above the 1969 wpropriation-not even. enough to pay for inflation, 1ccording to State Supenntendent of School Jack P. Nix . lbe Legislature appropriated $385,114,335 in state funds lor elementary and secondary education, a 3.2 percent ~crease over the 1969 figure of $372,940,130. New state :noney in the budget amounts to $12,174,205. "The $12 million will be needed to maintain a standstill operation next year," Nix said. "We will again be lorced to mark time at a period when we should be moving
ahead. "We have no funds to begin even a pilot kindergarten
program, no hardship funds to assist local systems, no funds for a driver education program, no contingency fund, no salary increase for teachers with more than 15 years experience, no four-quarter school funds , no money
lor consumable supplies, a reduction of more than $1 Yz
million in funds requested for vocational education, no mcrease for Section 12 personnel- in short, no funds for my new programs of any kind except school lunch sistance," Nix said.

1 TH I NK YOU MAY SAFELY SAY THERE HAVE BEEN SU BSTA NTIAL CUTS BY THE LEGISLATURE ...

The Legislature's appropriation for all agencies of state

government for 1970 amounted to an overall increase of

7.7 percent.

State money finally appropriated for elementary and

secondary education was $17.6 million less than Governor

Maddox's recommendation of $402,791 ,389. The Gover-

nor's budget, which trimmed $58 million off the State

Board of Education's request for $461 million, would have

financed a 3.5 percent teacher raise and included $1

million for a four-quarter school plan and $2 million for

classroom construction.

The State Board of Education had asked for a 7 1/2%

teacher salary increase the first year of the biennium and

81/ 2 % the second year. The Board requested $3 million to

begin pilot kindergartens, $2 million for four-quarter

school, $3 million for consumable supplies and material s,

$6 million for a hardship fund , $4 million for contin-

gencies, $3 million for driver education and salary funds

to pay additional teachers to reduce the pupil-teacher ratio

to 25 to one in all grades. The Board of Education cut its

own departmental budget request by $30 million before

it was ever presented to the Budget Bureau.

Governor Maddox, who has not signed the Appropria-

tions Bill, has until April 30 to do so. Unless he vetoes the

bill before that date, it will become law without his

signature.

Editor's Note: Governor Maddox signed the Appropri-

ations Bill April 28.

Continued on page 3

2

a look at education's role today

We have just witnessed one of the most unusual sessions of the Georgia General Assembly ever recorded. There were many diverse factions and strong lobbyists with special interests and new coalitions forming almost daily- and education became enmeshed in almost every new tax or revenue measure. Debate after debate on how to relieve the burden of property taxes invariably gave state public education dubious credit for property tax increases with little blame laid to local governments for these tax measures. Representative groups in support of city and county governments' receiving funds from statewide measures were, and are, well organized and most influential. Actually, we found public education in this session of the General Assembly competing with local governments for the state tax dollar.
If it is any consolation to us here in Georgia, we are not alone. At the recent meeting of the American Association of School Administrators in Atlantic City, the nearly 30,000 educational leaders attending thought money was THE issue in education today. Speakers said much more of it is needed to finance cradle-to-grave educational programs expe~ted by the people and to meet teachers' demands for increased salaries and benefits.
State leaders in education worked together for many months last year to come up with a sound program for education for the two years ahead. Public meetings were scheduled in 10 congressional districts over the State to take the story to the local community. These meetings were highly advertised and most of them were held in local schools. It is interesting to note that the majority of those attending were school principals and superintendents. Many legislators were there and interested, but found too little support from their constituents . Teachers who worked in schools where the meetings were being held often did not attend the afternoon session, and the general public did not attend in any large numbers. A general feeling of complacency seemed to prevail-a feeling that somehow if we stated our needs the money would be provided.
But the money apparently will not be provided. The Georgia story is that education did not fare well in the General Assembly in competing with other services for the state tax dollar. Many of education's problems seem to revolve around the fact that the cost of education is tied to the local property tax.
Working with members of the Department of Education staff, we reluctantly trimmed some $30 million off our original estimate of public school education's needs before we submitted our biennial budget request to the Budget Bureau. This education budget when submitted by the Bureau and Governor to the Appropriations Committee had been trimmed another $58 million. Of course, I went before the Appropriations Committee with our original budget.
But we did not even get the Governor's budget funded. We are faced with no funds for beginning a kindergarten program, no hardship funds to assist school systems, no funds for a driver education program, no contingency fund, no salary increase for teachers with more than 15 years experience, no four-quarter school funds , a reduction of more than one-and-a-half million dollars in state funds for vocational education in the next year, no increase for Section 12 personnel, to name a few items. In fact, no funds for any new programs ~xcept for school lunch assistance. We will realize only about $12.1 million increase for education, about 3.2 percent (less than the cost of living increase this year).
It is the responsibility of the General Assembly to establish acceptable provisions for local and state financial support for public education. This responsibility can-
Continued on page 14

Education In Battle For Dollar
inside education
with
Jack P. Nix State Superintendent of Schools

a look at education's role today 3

tate Appropriation for Education $385 Million

~rinued from page 1

.other legislation affecting public elementary and see-

~dmrybleydubcuattinoont

in the State, passed by the General yet signed by the Governor into law,

~udes:
, f{ouse Bill 271 -Provides that the daily attendance f(Ords of pupils may be compiled in Central Records
Offices from daily reports of teachers and provides that
census of school-age children may be taken every four
1
ars
, House Bill 272- Provides authorization for funding

of additional staff at area vocational high schools, area vo-tech schools and state technical and vocational schools;
Senate Bill 21 - Authorizes public school teachers to conduct a brief period of prayer or meditation with the participation of all students at the opening of school, upon every school day;
House Bill 141 - Creates a separate retirement system for school employees not covered by teacher retirement, depending upon availability of funds.

BUDGET SUMMARY- FISCAL YEAR 1970

Request of State Board of Education

Governor's Recommendation

Appropriation Passed by General Assembly

of Department (including schools) . .

Total

State

Total

State

Total

State

$ 46,765 ,875 $ 17,071 ,036 $ 45,654,811 $ 16,059,900 $ 44,629,811 $ 15,458,900

$235,806,105 39,718,677 4 0,298 ,0 0 1 28,796,771
$344,619,554

$235 ,806,105 39 ,718 ,677 40 ,2 98 ,001 28 ,7 9 6,771
$344,619,554

$219 ,758 ,800 37,126,600 34,870,101 23,507 ,681
$315,263,182

$219 ,758 ,800 37 , 12 6,6 0 0 34,870,101 23 ,507,681
$315,263,182

$210,144,694 36, 166,600 34,124,741 23 ,357,440
$303,793,475

$210,144,694 36,166,600 34,124,741 23 ,357 ,4 4 0
$303,793,475

$ 33 ,586,818

$ 33,586,8 18

$ 33 ,586,818

76,535,208 43 ,31 8,772 55,682,443 22,466,007 54,162,344 20,945,908

$454,741,580 $387,938,326 $404,532,443 $337,729,189 $391,542,637 $324,739,383

$ 25,249,509 2,337,032
28 ,801,000 $557,894,996

$ 25 ,249,509 $ 18,800,000

1,776,468

1,649,513

28,801 ,000 28,801 ,000

$460,836,339 $499,437,767

$ 18,800,000 1,401 ,300
28,801 ,000 $402,791,389

$ 18,048,75 2 8 1 4 ,5 13
26,301 ,000 $481,336,713

$ 18,048,752 566,300
26,301 ,000 $385,114,335

1ft Takes More Than Ice to Stop an ETV Signal

"Neither rain nor sleet nor ice . . ." 'l{an keep an ETV signal from going through! E.e staff of WCES-TV at Wrens maintained the Geor11'V Network station despite heavy ice that formed on
470 foot antenna tower during a February winter to As the ice melted, high winds blew chunks weighing
200 pounds onto the transmitter building's roof,

reported R abun F. Bobo, Channel 20 chief engineer. "After all the ice had fallen we counted 218 holes in
the building's roof. One block of ice was 10 feet long and 14 inches thick. The four-inch concrete roof saved the staff and equipment," he said.
WCES-TV is part of the Georgia ETV Network operated by the Georgia Department of Education.

4

a look at education's role today

"Some of the musical instruments are larger than their players," said Dr. Frank Crockett, Music Consultant, Georgia Department of Education, as he watched Georgia's first All State Elementary String Festival Concert at DeKalb College.
More than 20 boys and girls performed with the seriousness of professional mustctans before their parents and friends in the new Fine Arts Center. The festival was held in March.
Participants were divided into two orchestras for morning and afternoon rehearsals and an evening concert. They were the All State Elementary Orchestra composed of students with one or two years of string instrument training and the All State Intermediate Orchestra consisting of students who had more than two years in music instruction.
Idea for the festival was born six months ago by Ronald Ruthmaker, Director of Orchestra, Clarke County Public Schools, with the assistance of Dr. Crockett, Walter Lortz, Director of Orchestra, and Mrs. Shirley Berger, string teacher, both of DeKalb County Schools. According to Crockett, only one other state has attempted a statewide, annual elementary string festival. The area musicale was sponsored jointly by the Georgia Department of Education and the Georgia String Teachers Association.
"This promises to be a significant event which will motivate hundreds of youngsters toward satisfaction in string playing," said Dr. Eloy Fominaya, String Teachers Association president and chairman, Department of Fine Arts, Augusta College.

Young Musicians Shine
Twenty young boys and girls performed at the first Georgia All State Elementary String Festival Concert at DeKalb College.

Dr. Brownlee Wascheck De

Kalb College Music Depa~n

was host for the event.

~

e: "I a~ highly pleased With tbe
enthusiasm of these players d the evidence of excellent

training they receive from Geo :
aOS: gia's string teachers," said

tDhieGpiruelmiant.e,regcuoensctercto. nHdeucistoDrirefoc-rr

tor of Orchestra, Monroe, La.
school district. DiGiulian is con~

sidered one of the nation's out-

standing elementary orchestra

teachers.

Associate conductors were

Professor J. Kimball Harriman,

conductor, University of Georgia

_Symphony Orchestra, Dr. Crock-

ett, Mr. Huthmaker and Dr.

Fominaya.

a look at education's role today 5

GAP Goals Commission Holds First Meeting

Eleven Georgia leaders in business, community and

~yyjtchelifSet~ntaemBeodatrod

the of

Commission on Education Goals Education held their first meeting

April 25 m Atlanta.

Members of the Commission are:

Dr. Rufus C. Harris, Macon, president of Mercer University;
J. B. Blayton, Atlanta, president of Mutual Federal Savings and Loan, certified public accountant and former broadcast station owner;

Dr. James L. Goddard, Atlanta, vice-president of Health Sciences EPD Technology and former head of Communicable Disease Center, former Commissioner of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration;

Robert Wood, Atlanta, General Council, Sears-Roebuck Company; vice-president, Atlanta Symphony Guild and amember of Board of Trustees, Atlanta Arts Alliance;

Dr. Vivian W. Henderson, Atlanta, president of Clark College; author, economist and member of National Advisory Commission for Project Upward Bound;

John T. Phillips, Jr., Albany, president of Lilliston rporation;

Judge Griffin B. Bell, Atlanta, Fifth Circuit U. S. Dis'ct Court;

Mrs. Leland Bagwell, Canton, past president of Georgia ent-Teacher Association;

Jac H. Rothschild, Columbus, president and treasurer of ~avid Rothschild Company, Commission Chairman;

George E. Patterson, Jr., Savannah, president of Liberty National Bank;

Maurice M. Egan, executive vice president-administration, Lockheed-Georgia Company.

Commission members will assist state educators in plan. g the direction of public education in the future.
rding to State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix: e expect the Goals Commission, composed of these ding lay citizens in the State, to suggest the nature of education system to prepare our citizens to live sucssfully in the 1980's."

.According to Dr. William H. Schabacker, Associate Irector for Research, Georgia Depa~tment of Education
d Executive Secretary of the Georgia Assessment ~iect, 'The group will be asked to predict the probable
Ial, political and economic state of affairs through the 980's. It will describe the society of Georgia in the

1980's by synthesizing the emerging social, political and economic conditions with the forces of technology, demography, etc., into meaningful 'futuristic' goals for an education relevant to the needs of all Georgians."
Superintendent Nix added that the Commission members were selected "because they are selfless, able people with broad interests, possessing vastly different outlooks and philosophies of life."
The initial step of the Commission will be to identify the major problems in every aspect of Georgia life to which public education could conceivably contribute a solution.
These educational goals identified by the Commission will be published in a report directed to the State Board of Education for its consideration and adoption. The report will be distributed to all school, civic, service and lay citizens' groups interested in the future of Georgia's system of public education.
Following the work of this Commission, education task forces will attempt to interpret the goals into student performance criteria and determine methods of measuring student performance. The Department would then develop instruments to accomplish this measurement.
Textbook Orders Due in June for September Delivery
Georgia school superintendents have received letters from State Superintendent Jack P. Nix requesting that they prepare textbook orders for 1969-70 and mail them to the Department of Education no later than June 1969.
"Please do not wait until August or September to mail your orders if you hope to have your books by the beginning of the school year 1969-70," said Nix.
School systems experiencing difficulties with orders or shipments of textbooks should first contact the Georgia School Book Depository or the publisher, not the Department of Education, Nix said. Stuart Bohachek, President of the Georgia School Book Depository, has assured Mr. Nix the Depository will operate on an "efficient and businesslike basis" next year and will be ready to answer inquiries as soon as they occur.
"However," said Nix, "if systems have problems which are not properly and satisfactorily resolved, the Department of Education staff and its Textbook Allotment and Payment Unit will do everything possible to help."

6

a look at education's role today

Summer College Study Scheduled for Teachers

Three colleges and universities have announced summer study programs of interest to public school teachers.
Savannah State College will offer a workshop July 21Aug. 1 for both experienced and inexperienced publications advisers in high schools, junior colleges and technical schools. Both academic and laboratory training will be given in newspaper and yearbook work, and photographic training will be included. The workshop is made possible through The Newspaper Fund, Inc., and tuition is covered by grants. Write Wilton Scott, Director, Jourism, Savannah State College, Savannah, Georgia.
Seton Hall University, in cooperation with the U. S. Office of Education, will sponsor two language and culture institutes. The first, to be held at Seton Hall June 23Aug. 8, will be for elementary and secondary teachers of Chinese. The other is scheduled for July 1- Aug. 18 and is designed to allow teachers of Japanese to study in Japan. Participants will be awarded a stipend of $75 per week plus $15 per week per dependent. For further information concerning the Chinese institute write Fred Fangyu Wang, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079. For information on the Japanese institute write

Tadashi Kikuoka, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079.
Colorado College, Colorado Springs, will offer an Institute in International Affairs June 16-July 25. The institute will concentrate on the study of comparative social: political, economic a.nd ideological systems. Thirtyfive h1gh school teachers will be accepted to participate in the institute. For further information write Dr. Fred A. Scndermann,.Box 32, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903.
Drug Abuse Education Set
The National Institute of Mental Health will begin a national campaign of drug abuse education this month. It will deal with the dangers of LSD, amphetamines, barbiturates, narcotics and general drug abuse. "Our primary aim is to arm young people with facts to help them resist pressures to experiment with drugs," a NIMH spokesman said. The campaign will include regional press conferences and workshops for high school newspaper editors, curriculum development and teacher training workshops, exhibits at schools and fairs and a national school poster contest.

Area Schools Boost Georgia Progress
Georgia's state and area vocational-technical schools are making a major contribution to filling the state's need for trained labor, according to reports being received in the office of State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix.
Robert Hudson, manager of Lockheed-Georgia's Education and Training Department, wrote Mr. Nix that in 1968 some 4,100 of its employees were trained in technical skills at the MariettaCobb Area Vocational-Technical School. The school's director is Lee Leverette.
"These employees will earn a total of $28,480,000 in their first year on the job," said Hudson in his letter. "Such a wage income will supply not only additional tax revenue to the State but will provide these individuals with increased buying power which will be directly reflected in the higher economy of the State."
Hudson adds that 36 deaf mutes recently have completed an electrical training course which made possible their employment in an above-entry level job classification. He said that in 1968, 500 Lockheed students were enrolled per quarter in courses on their own time to help qualify them for better or upgraded jobs.
In praise of the Georgia Department of Education's attempts to improve education, Hudson comments, "The State's high schools are producing quality trained students; however, industry is demanding with increased urgency manpower who have been taught technical skills."
Lockheed-Georgia is one of the State's major employers.

a look at education's role today 7

Mrs. Wilma Alexander, a teacher's aide at Norcross Elem entary School, works at a photographic enlarger in the school's Utilization Laboratory.

Wh at's the Trailer for?

"What's the trailer for?" visitors to Norcross Elementary School in Gwinnett County often ask when they see the large mobile-home-type trailer parked on the school's front lawn.
The trailer isn't a temporary classroom providing space needed because of overcrowded classrooms. Instead, the trailer is what Principal D. E. Nalley calls his "utilization laboratory."
Filled with all sorts of duplication, production and reproduction equipment, the utilization laboratory forms a basic part of an innovative audiovisual program being conducted at the school.
Along with the equipment in a photographic darkroom in another part of the school, the equipment in the trailer is used to produce mounted slides for use with projectors, transparencies for use with overhead projectors, cardboard-mounted pictures and book jackets and spirit duplicated and mimeographed material.
In addition to the usual duplicating equipment, the school has a drafting board, a "Headliner" type-producing lllachine, several typewriters with different type faces, "instant lettering" materials, a machine which electronically makes mimeograph stencils from printed and photo-

graphic material, two photocopy machines, and several cameras and assorted pieces of photographic equipment.
Within the past three or four years more than 2,000 transparencies for overhead projectors have been prepared, more than 2,000 pictures have been mounted and more than 5,000 individual slides have been developed and produced. More than 100,000 sheets have been prepared by spirit duplication.
Each room at the school is equipped with a slide projector, film strip projector, record player, overhead projector, screen and projector stand. Twenty of the school's 30 rooms have television sets.
"It's my belief that the teacher's job is to teach and not to prepare teaching materials," Nalley says. "So what we try to do is to take any good idea the individual teacller comes up with and try to produce for her an appropriate audiovisual aid. I also firmly believe that duplication machines should not be used by each individual needing material~, but by just one person who is thoroughly familiar with the machine."
The school's library has a collection of 1,200 filmstrips and a file of indexed 35 mm slides.

8

a look at education's role today

By Lou Peneguy
The newest and finest educational television facility in the Southeast will be in operation by late summer 1969. Currently under construction, the new Georgia Department of Education Television Services headquarters represents a two million dollar investment in education. It is another example of Georgia's progress towards providing equal educational benefits to Georgia citizenry, since 99 percent of the State's public school classrooms are within range of an ETV signal.
"One of the reasons Georgia has become a national ETV leader is the degree of involvement by the State Department of Education and the support of the state legislature," said State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix. "In many areas of the country, the state departments of education express only token interest in ETV broadcast operations"
TV Services' .Director Richard Ottinger said, "Last year when the Network consisted of five outlets, there were 430,421 Georgia students viewing our telecourses. This year with our entire network in service we should be able to double that number"
The new building is located on seven acres of land on Interstate 75-85 four miles south of the Capitol. It is adjacent to the Atlanta Technical School.
Centralize Staff
The new facility will bring the network's 85 Atlantabased personnel under one roof. Currently, staff is working in a rented TV studio and offices. Across the front and down both sides of the structure will be offices for the executive staff, producers, engineers and classroom utilization personnel. Across the hall from the offices will be a 24' x 48' bay for the network's six artists, an auditorium which may be used to review videotaped programs or motion pictures, a typing pool, the film department with its dark and editing rooms. Behind this complex will be two 40' x 60' production studios with their own control rooms equipped for color originations. To the rear of these side-by-side studios will be a 64' x 20' construction workshop and a 169' x 38' storage area for sets and properties.
Space beneath the offices will be assigned mainly to the engineering wing under direction of Harvey J. Aderhold, Network Director of Engineering. Heart of the headquarters and the network will be the engineering control center. In addition to a maze of wires, switches and transistors, this room will have the monitoring board through which all programs will be transmitted into and out of the statewide network. The board will be connected to 12

a look at education's role today 9
videotape recorder-playback, standard broadcast machines which are to be housed in the same room. Connected'to the board also will be three one-inch videotape machines. These small machines are frequently used to tra~sfer a program recorded on regulation broadcast to a narrower tape for closed circuit playback. Wired to the board will be two stationary color cameras into which films may be fed from two slide and two motion p'icture projectors. All of the audio feeds for the network will originate from this control center. American Telephone and Telegraph's southeastern region al headquarters offices in Atlanta will be connected to the board. This will allow the Georgia Network to provide programming to almost every U. S. radio or TV station. A permanent connection will be installed to the board for the control center to relay programming to the statewide medical network. The latter Georgia system beams refresher courses and new developments in the medical field to practicing and student physicians and nurses.
The videotape library will be stored next to the control center.
Down the hall from the library will be the TV studio teachers' offices, the mail room and an employee lounge and kitchen.
On the lower level also will be a garage for the TV Services' bus . This vehicle carries three cameras, an engineering control room and a standard broadcast videotape machine. The bus enables TV Services to produce a program or a segment of a telecast anywhere in the State.
Instructional Function Television Services is a Division of the Office of Instructional Services of the Department. It functions under supervision of Dr. H . Titus Singletary, Jr., Associate State Superintendent of Schools, and Dr. Ottinger, Executive Director of the ETV unit. It operates the Department's eight TV stations-WABW-TV, Channel 14, Pelham; WACS-TV, Channel 25, Dawson; WCES-TV, Channel 20, Wrens; WCLP, Channel 18, Chatsworth; WDCO-TV, Channel 15, Cochran; WJSP-TV, Channel 28, Warm Springs; WVAN-TV, Channel 9, Pembroke; WXGA-TV, Channel 8, Waycross. Unlike commercial TV transmitters erected to broadcast to a specific metropolitan area, Georgia's ETV transmitters were located to give total coverage to public school classrooms. Because of some of the State's mountainous areas make TV reception difficult, Television Services operates three translators in North Georgia. These are low power transmitters which amplify the original signal and rebroadcast it.
Continued on page 13

tO a look at education's role today

reports on education

Beginning next September the State Board of Education may withhold funds from any school unit failing to fully satisfy certain criteria in the revised School Standards
The revised Standards will be divided into three sections . Section I is to contain all criteria based on requirements of law; Section II, all criteria based on firm Board policy; Section III, all other criteria contained in the Standards as approved by the State Board. The Board in February approved the withholding of funds from school units failing to fully satisfy the criteria in Sections I and II until necessary corrections are made.

kindergartens - drew support from 90 percent of the Georgians interviewed in a recent poll.
The poll was conducted by the American Institute of Urban and Regional Affairs in Atlanta at the request of the Senate Economy, Reorganization and Efficiency in Government Committee.
Ranking behind education in public support were mental health, local government and highways (tying for third) and prison reform.

The authority for withholding state funds comes to the State Board under a section of the Minimum Foundation Program of Education Act. This section states in part: "In the event a local unit of administration shall fail to comply with any provision of this Act or other school laws, or any provision of rules, regulations, policies standards or requirements established by the State Board, or the terms of any contract with the State Board, the State Board may, in its discretion, withhold from such unit all or any part of the state-contributed minimum foundation program funds allotted to such local unit under provisions of this Act until such time as full compliance is made by the local unit . . ."
The May conference of the Georgia Elementary Committee of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools features Dr. John Goodlad, University of California, Los Angeles, in two addresses, "Respecting Humanism in the Curriculum" and "Developing Humanism in the Curriculum." The conference is set for May 15-17 at the Georgia Center for Continuing Education, Athens. The theme is Humanizing the Curriculum.
Representatives from Georgia school systems which have achieved significant improvement in school programs will discuss School Improvement Programs.
Representatives from the Georgia Department of Education, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Georgia Accrediting Commission will discuss Standards for Elementary Schools.
Programs in the education field - help for retarded children, reduced pupil-teacher ratios, free lunches and

Almost all programs of the Office of Economic Oppor tunity (OEO) will remain at about the same level as last year until June 30. Apparently, according to OEO statistics, there will be no increase in the number of children or adults served by the full-year Head Start (218,000), the summer Head Start (477,000) or the Job Corps (36,000). VISTA will go up from 4,300 persons to 4,900, and Upward Bound increases from 25,000 to 26,000. Follow Through will double its allocation from $15 million last year to $30 million for fiscal 1969. The out-of-school Neighborhood Youth Corps Program increases from $96 million to $130 million this year, and the summer NYC Program will have $125 million, an $11 million increase over last summer. Largest increase in OEO programs is for the unemployed, particularly the Job Opportunities in the Business Sector (JOBS). Its allocation increases from $70 million to $162 million, which will provide jobs for 70,000.
Outstanding editorials published in Georgia's high school newspapers are being read periodically during the regular editorial time on WAGA-TV, Channel 5. TV-5 presents an engraved plaque to the school paper when an editorial is aired. At the end of the school year a $1,000 scholarship will be presented for the editorial judged most outstanding among the year's entries.
Copies of editorials and the high school newspapers in which they appear should be submitted to the Editorial Board, WAGA-TV, P. 0. Box 4207, Atlanta, Georgia 30302.

a look at education's role today U
John M cCormick , left, and Garland Reynolds, Chairman of the advisory board of Lanier Area Technical School, view the graphic display which R eynolds presented to the school. More than 6 ,000 persons saw the display at the AVA convention this winter in Dallas, Texas.

Nix Urges Full Federal Funding of Title Programs
Superintendent Jack P. Nix, testifying in Washington during February, represented the nation's state school superintendents at a series of hearings conducted by the U. S. House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor.
Mr. Nix stressed the importance of continuing and fully funding the federal title programs such as Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Funding of all ESEA programs is scheduled to expire June 30, and hearings are being held to determine whether there is sufficient cause to extend funding.
Mr. Nix said education officials are beginning to see solid benefits from federally sponsored programs for disadvantaged children. He praised Title II programs for helping to improve the quality of education through addi. tional books and library resources and Title III programs for their contribution to extensive experimental and innovative programs in education.
Title VI-A funds were responsible for continuing programs for handicapped children in 31 school systems this year and for starting programs in 25 counties, according to Mr. Nix. However, he said, "Thirty-five systems for which there was no money had requested funds for programs."
Nix also stressed that in funding the Title programs, school administrators need assurances of definite funding well in advance of the school year in which projects are to be undertaken.

HEADLINERS
Atlanta City Schools Superintendent John Letson has been nominated for president-elect of the American Association of School Administrators.
Dr. Kenneth W. Tidwell has been appointed Acting Director of Southeastern Education Laboratory. He is a former Assistant State Superintendent of Schools for Staff Services.
Linguistics Conference Was Held in ~orne May 2-3
The Linguistic Research and Demonstration Center, ESEA Title III, Rome City Schools, sponsored a conference, "English Instruction-Social Realities" May 2-3 at the center.
Speakers were Mrs. Juanita Abernathy, English Consultant, Georgia Department of Education; Dr. Daniel Fader, author of Hooked on Books, University of Michigan; Dr. William A. Jenkins, President of the National Council of Teachers of English, University of WisconsinMilwaukee; Geoffrey Summerfield , author of Creativity in English, University of York (England); Dr. Mary Tingle, Chairman of the Department of English, University of Geo rgia .
Persons desiring more information about the center and its work may write to Ronald Midkiff, Director, Linguistic R esearch and Demonstration Center, Rome City Schools, Rome, Georgia 30161.

12 a look at education's role today

S tate Superintendent of Schools Ja ck P. Nix addresses th e annual convention of th e G eorgia School B oards A ssociation. Th e dele gates scheduled th eir 1970 con vention
for Feb. 4-6.

Clinics for Teachers Emphasize Lifetime Sports
Expert physical education teachers trained in the latest methods of teaching bowling, golf, tennis, badminton and archery are now available throughout Georgia to conduct clinics designed to help other physical education teachers become better qualified to teach these sports.
The teachers received special training at a Lifetime Sports Education Project Clinic held in Atlanta. Top coaches and instructors from across the nation provided the instruction at the clinic, which was sponsored by the Lifetime Sports Foundation. The Georgia Department of Education cooperated in sponsoring the clinic.
Th.e clinic was part of a nationwide effort to improve and expand the teaching of skills in individual sports which can be played and enjoyed throughout life. Follow-up clinics are being planned throughout the State. In the follow-up clinics the teachers who received the special training will train other physical education teachers.
"This is a tremendous opportunity to train qualified physical education teachers throughout Georgia," said Jack Short, consultant in health, physical education and recreation for the Georgia Department of Education. "We are hopeful that school superintendents, principals and curriculum directors will make use of the valuable training these teachers have received by insuring that teachers in their systems have the opportunity to participate in a follow-up clinic."

Freedoms Foundation Cites Georgians, Schools
Five Georgia teachers and ten Georgia schools have been named recipients of awards in the 1968 National and School Awards Program of the Freedoms Foundation, Valley Forge, Pa.
The awards are made annually to honor those individuals, institutions and organizations "that have promoted a better understanding of the American way of life through the things they have written, said or done during the year."
All five teachers were given the Valley Forge Teacher's Medal Award. They are Helen H. Cathy, Atlanta; Lela N. Tanquary, Columbus; Bess Hayes, Decatur; Esther B. Harden, Savannah, and Otha M. Woodcock, Savannah.
Seven schools received George Washington Honor Medal Awards. They are Druid Hills High School, L. 0. Kimberly School and James Riley School, all of Atlanta; Briarlake School, Decatur; Oakcliff Elementary School, Doraville; A. E. Beach Senior High School, Savannah, and Tucker High School, Tucker.
Clarkston High School, Clarkston, and Knollwood School, Decatur, were given honor certificate awards. Clubview Scoool, Columbus, was given a "principal school" award.
Howard H. ("Bo") Callaway, Pine Mountain, is chairman of the board of trustees of the Freedoms Foundation.

a look at education's role today 13

Georgia's Dropout Picture Not So Bleak After All

Georgia's dropout picture is not as bad as it is sometimes painted, according to a recent study made by the Georgia Educational Improvement Council.
"During the last decade Georgia has made significant and impressive gains in development of human resources," says the Council.
Alto Boys to Learn Computer Operation
Instruction in computer fundamentals and operations will be available to teenage boys assigned to the Georgia Department of Corrections' Alto Juvenile Home as the result of a cooperative project between the Home, the Georgia Department of Education and the Honeywell Electronic Data Processing Division.
According to Gov. Lester Maddox, Honeywell has offered the program to the State without cost as a means of helping in the rehabilitation of Alto's boys.
Russell G. Henderson, director of the Honeywell EPD Southern operation, said 11 volunteer teachers in Honeywell's Southeast region and Atlanta branch offices will conduct the six-weeks training course.
Achievement Winners From 36 States, D. C.
More than 340 outstanding Negro students have been named winners in the fifth National Achievement Scholarship Program. They represent 36 states and the District of Columbia. More than 38,000 Negro students from 4,500 schools nationwide were candidates.
The program is administered by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation of Evanston, Ill., which also conducts the National Merit Scholarship Program, now in its 14th year. Negro students may compete simultaneously in the Merit Program and the Achievement Program, but no scholar may receive financial assistance from both programs at the same time.
No Telephone Survey
Anyone claiming to be a representative of the Georgia Department of Education making a telephone survey is an imposter, according to Department officials. The Department of Education does not make such telephone surveys.

Of 1944 first graders, only 19 percent stayed through high school graduation in 1956. Of 1954 first graders, 46 percent were graduated in 1966-a definite improvement.
However, 54 percent dropped out. "This waste of talent can be measured in millions of dollars in Georgia's economic potential," says the Council.
A majority of the Oass of 1966 was female (52 percent).
The class ranked mathematics as the most helpful course it studied in high school; social studies as the least helpful. Sixty-five percent of the 1966 graduates believed their high school curriculum was not broad enough to prepare them for their present endeavors.
More than 55 percent of the class continued their education beyond high school. About 32 percent reported full-time employment with an average earnings of $3,474 annually.
Georgia ETV On the Grow
Continued from page 9
The Department's stations, with WGTV, Channel 8, the University of Georgia station, and WETV, Channel 30, the Atlanta City Schools' station, are interconnected by microwave to comprise the Georgia Educational Television Network.
Television Services originates programs for the entire Georgia Network. The majority of the telecourses aired over all network stations (except WGTV) daily between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. are produced by this unit. Four telecourse series created and produced by TV Services have been sold for national distribution. The Division is also responsible for the Network's Sunday evening schedule except for broadcasts on WGTV. Most of the telecasts aired on the Georgia Network during evening hours are provided by the University of Georgia. It rents sydicated programs, supplies the network with National Educational Television originations and originates a few telecasts from its campus studio.
Television Services offers free engineering services to public schools. It is assisting several systems in closedcircuit projects.
The Division's film department has produced two award-winning motion pictures related to activities of the Georgia Department of Education.

14 a look at education's role today

Bibb Schools Demonstrate Team Teaching Approach
Bibb County Schools demonstrated a new, effective team approach to teaching foreign language to elementary school pupils at open house at its Instructional Materials Center May 2 in Macon.
Bibb County has 40 elementary schools participating in a pilot FLES (Foreign Language in Elementary Schools) series, "Viva Nuestra Amistad," under direction of Mrs. Carmen Greenway. The project, administered by Cartersville City Schools, is a Title III, ESEA program being tried in several pilot systems over the State. Co-hosts for the open house and demonstration were the Cartersville Title III staff, the Georgia Department of Education and Bibb County Schools. "We are especially pleased with Bibb County's presentation of the FLES program," said Cartersville Superintendent Ray Hill.
"Bibb County Schools graciously arranged this open house so that administrators all over the State had the opportunity to see the fine work developing in Georgia according to this plan," said Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix.
Superintendent Julius Gholson of Bibb County and Assistant Superintendent Alan Gurley arranged for visitors to see a sequence of 20-minute FLES classes, hear discussion on how the team teaching approach works, learn background for initiating a similar program in other schools, understand the rationale for FLES and have an opportunity to ask further questions.

GASBO Meets, Elects
John W. Grindle, left, President of th e Georgia Association of School Business Officials, we lcomes Robert Walk er, Director of the Association of School Business Officials of the U.S. and Canada, to th e annual GASBO convention at Callaway Gardens. At right is newly-elected GASBO president 0. Kirby Wells of Chatham County.

Education in Battle for Dollar

Continued from page 2
not be delegated. However, legislative decisions can be affected by factual evaluations and recommendations from responsible citizens.
A lot of planning and a lot of involvement of educational leadership went into the making of the public school budget presented to the General Assembly this year. A lot of effort went into an attempt to tell the people about the needs. Yet, we have wound up with no more than a standstill- and possibly a going backward budget.
We must end this annual debate between educators and legislators about the needs in public education and how to finance it.
State education leaders need the help of every teacher, supervisor, librarian, principal in the State. We need your help-your responsible, organized and effective help-to see that all Georgians, and all representatives of Georgians, understand about education.
Only then can we rest assured that our people will in the future receive an adequate program of public education. Only then can we be assured that our children will be able to stand up to those from other states with an equal chance to succeed in tomorrow's world.

a look at education's role today t5

ON BOARD: Richardson Replaces Jenkins

The State Board of Education at its April meeting appointed Dr. John R. Richardson to fill the unexpired term of L. L. Jenkins who resigned to become Superintendent of Bremen City Schools.
Dr. Richardson served as pastor of the Westminster presbyterian Church in Atlanta for 19 years. He is now ninister-emeritus of Westminster and resides in Conyers.
Georgia law authorizes members of the State Board of Education to fill vacancies on the Board until the next ;ession of the General Assembly. Mr. Jenkins' term as Fourth District Representative was to expire in 1971.
***
In other action the Board:
Approved a vocational education pilot program which vill design exploratory programs for grades seven through tine to provide experiences and knowledge upon which tudents may base educational and occupational choices. rwenty programs will be started on a pilot basis during he 1969-70 and 1970-71 school years. In the selection of chools to participate in the pilot phase, preference will ,e given to the existing area vocational high schools;
Approved a vocational rehabilitation project to expand ervices to Goodwill Industries, Atlanta;
Authorized Superintendent Jack P. Nix to develop an greement with the Board of Corrections to transfer opertion of the elementary and high school progni.ms at the leorgia Industrial Institute, Alto, from the Habersham :ounty Board of Education to the State; Approved the promotion of James Marlow to Director f North Georgia Technical and Vocational School; Approved salary schedules for vocational personnel for 969-70 (schedules same as 1968-69) upon the condition tat each contract involving the use of federal funds inlude the statement that "The fulfillment of the contract is mtingent upon receipt of federal funds; should the deral funds be less than projected, then salaries will have 1 be ratably reduced"; Adopted policies for the administration of the "open tmpus" concept in school programming as had been prented earlier; Agreed not to approve school system budgets that show deficit for June 1970 if the school system employs achers and bus drivers in excess of state allotments; Extended the deadline date for receiving school system tdgets to a date 60 days after the allotments are mailed the school systems; Approved a policy statement regarding reimbursement

and use of state funds appropriated for School Food serices Grants, FY 1969 and thereafter. This policy statement reads: "School Food Service reimbursement of State funds shall be paid to public school systems on the basis of Type A lunches served in a specific month. School systems shall use funds to help pay labor costs for regular school food service personnel who are paid from school food service operating funds and employed as manager or full-time food service worker in the preparation and/or service of meals. State reimbursement shall be deposited in the school food service account and reported by the individual school when received. The State Board of Education recommends the establishment of a system-wide salary schedule for school lunch managers that takes into consideration such factors as education, participation in Training-In-Depth courses, experience, degree of responsibility and size of program. In accordance with the intent of Section 29, MFPE, such salary schedule could appropriately contain a monetary factor for Training-In-Depth units earned."
At its March meeting the Board:
Authorized the State Department of Education staff to develop policies which would permit the expenditure of state funds on a pro rata basis for students in special vocational and evening classes who attend school for a portion of the school day;
Restated and reaffirmed its policy that personnel earned under the provisions of Sections 11 and 12 of the Minimum Foundation Program Law are not interchangeable;
Approved a request by Atlanta School System that fourth quarter teachers be allowed to use three days of their post planning week to teach; this being done while the four-quarter system is in the pilot stage.
Approved the FY 1969 teacher salary schedule as the base salary schedule for 1969-70;
Approved the provision that principals' supplements be based on a maximum of 35 teachers rather than on a maximum of 25 teachers;
Approved funds for the Library Usability Project submitted by the Tifton-Tift County Public Library and the Turner County Schools for the use of audio-video tapes in a cooperative project;
Approved funds to finance no more than 25 summer library programs in the State for the summer of 1969.
Next Board meetings: May 20-21.

Dual Systems on the Way Out in Georgia

Georgia school boards and superintendents have made steady progress in eliminating dual school systems since enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, according to the University of Georgia School Desegregation Educational Center.
The Center's March newsletter cites a report of the Southeastern Regional Office for Civil Rights in Atlanta that nearly one-third of Georgia's 195 county and independent school districts have eliminated racial segregation in their schools or have submitted plans to do so. A spokesman for the regional office said 20 districts have achieved "441 status," denoting full compliance. Four others were described as being "on the verge."
In addition, 42 districts have received approval of desegregation plans and, barring setbacks, will soon be eligible for 441 status.
The federal spokesman reported that several superintendents have accomplished a major breakthrough in solving one of segregation's thorniest problems-the use of Negro school buildings for white, as well as Negro, students. Superintendents have hitherto been reluctant to assign white students into Negro schools because of community opposition.
A major factor which has enabled superintendents to overcome community opposition has been the high cost of building new schools when usable space is already available. Although some school districts have embarked on construction campaigns, many others have elected to hold the line on bond levies for new buildings.
The federal spokesman said that geographic zoning and the pairing of schools, or a combination of zoning and pairing, were the chief instruments for accomplishing school desegregation. Zoning accomplishes desegregation

readily in school districts where whites and Negroes both reside. Pairing is more effective for school districts where residential segregation has developed.
Some school districts have developed solutions unique to their districts. One district was reported to have closed its Negro school with plans to reopen it after a year's vacancy. Another district, in South Georgia, will close its Negro school but is considering reopening it later as a middle school.
A plan of flexible student scheduling has been advanced by another South Georgia school district which will enable it to use its white and Negro high schools, which are reasonably close, without new construction. Students of both races will be assigned to classes in both schools during each school week.
Another school system abandoned its plans to create a vocational school of its Negro high school. After considering the plan, teachers in the system recommended that all students attend the same high school and that the Negro high school be changed to an integrated junior high.
The reason? After studying the problem, teachers felt that having a vocational high school would perpetuate racial segregation.
Don't Touch !
More than 110,000 school principals and administrators in the U. S. have received posters and other safety campaign literature from the Institute of Makers of Explosives. The posters emphasize the basic, two-word lesson of blasting cap safety: DON'T TOUCH!

BULK RATE U. S. Postage
PAID
Atlanta, Georgia Permit Number 168