Schools Are Open for Breakfast! Nothing too extreme A whole new attitude On Board ... . .. . ... .page 6 page 9 page 12 Volume 3, Number 1 /September 1968 When Georgia schools' doors opened a few weeks ago, so did the doors to school cafeterias-for breakfast as well as lunch. Breakfast? Yes. The importance of the morning meal to the overall education picture has been recognized by educators as well as nutritionists. Of course, every Georgia school does not have a breakfast program, but many do. Last year, 57 Georgia schools took part in the U. S. Department of Agriculture's pilot breakfast program. The breakfast program was set up by the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, the purpose of which is to furnish a breakfast for those students who are especially needy or who arrive at school hungry because they have been bussed to school from a long distance. Since then, studies in Georgia and other states across the nation have proven the value of this program. As a result, Congress has passed a bill that both increases funds for the program and extends it for another three years. The improved behavior and learning ability of children who took part in the program last year has been noted by many educators. For many of the children, it was a new experience-they weren't accustomed to eating breakfast. Another, and unexpected, benefit of the program was its effect on the social behavior of many children. Several teachers in the Georgia schools that took part in the breakfast program have commented on the ways some children who were withdrawn became more alert and receptive after they started eating breakfast in a group atmosphere. It is believed that the families of many of these pupils rarely, if ever, sit down to eat together. The attitudes of school food service personnel in these Contin ued on page 3 2 a look at education's role today . 'Not Only a Profession, but an Enjoyable One . ., As we begin a new school year, I want to say how grateful I am for the past accomplishments of our experienced teachers and administrators and to extend a warm welcome to those of you who have not worked in Georgia schools before. I know that you new teachers and administrators will join with those who have been with us before to blend together all those forces which go to make up a quality program of education. During my entire 26 years in education we have been talking about "change" in education. So change is nothing new. But we certainly live now in a time of extensive change in education. We have new technologies, new equipment, new materials and methods, new facilities , even entirely new concepts in school buildings. But let us not be afraid of change. Let us instead remember that this change represents much progress which has resulted from our working together-the Governor, the General Assembly, the Georgia Department of Education, teachers, administrators and citizens all over the State. We should be proud of this change, this progress. Ours is not only a time of change, it is one of anxieties and frustrations brought about by problems incidental to civil rights, the Viet Nam war and political decisions facing the nation. Everyone-parents, students, teachers-feels these tensions. And anxieties in the home make for anxieties in the classroom. Increased activities in the area of teacher negotiations are causing changes in the whole professional structure of education in the country. This sort of change also creates anxiety. But I believe that neither change nor anxiety will keep the majority of teachers and school administrators from carefully putting together and operating programs of instruction that are much better than we have had in the past. I believe that teachers and administrators should have a feeling of security, because the people of Georgia are concerned and are working toward a truly great program of public education. On behalf of the State Board of Education and the Georgia Department of Education, I pledge our continued support in helping you as teachers, administrators, schools and svstems to solve the individual problems which you face. We will work to make teaching not only a profession, but an enjoyable one. insideeducation with Jack P. Nix State Superintendent of Schools a look at education's role today 3 reakfast Gong Rings Along with School Bell James B. King, right, school lunch manager at Carter School, . ,.,ntrnt>< as assistant , Mrs. Rosa Mae Blount, prepares bacon and for breakfast. The school in Talbot County, where Jam es dricks is superintendent, was serving breakfast even before the w fede ral brea k fas t program began. ~- " - .nd from page 1 .~.....11vv~ were good , and some were enthusiastic. In at one school, the mother of one first grade student out each morning on a volunteer basis. Generally, the results of the breakfast program in schools have been: a decrease in the percentage tardiness; improved alertness in the morning; improved of the class; obvious weight gains, as well improved skin texture and tone; reduced number of and minor sicknesses; and a greater participation classroom activities. As one superintendent said, 'The children now wait for the bus; before the breakfast the bus waited for the children." Schools participating in the breakfast program receive cash reimbursement of up to 15 cents toward the of each breakfast. Funds are provided by the Child Act of 1966. In addition, participating s are allowed use of USDA-donated commoditi~s. Children usually pay from five to fifteen cents per meal, enough to cover the cost of preparing and serving the breakfast. However, the children who are unable to pay even this small sum, and there are many, can eat breakfast at no cost. Last year, 315,964 breakfasts were served in the 57 Georgia schools, with 166,974 of these served at no cost. In turn, Georgia received $41 ,640.01 in cash reimbursement from the Consumer and Marketing Service. The program is administered by the Georgia Department of Education as a part of the school food service .School Lunch Week Slated The School Lunch Program will be 22 y~ars old when it celebrates Oct. 13-19yas School Lunch Week and anniversary of the signing of the National School Lunch Act. Observation of the week will include. it~ . designation by President Johnson and Governor Maddox, the presentation of school iuncb participation certificates to 700 schools which achieved participation of 88 ~rcent or better and statewide publicity by radio, television and other m~ia. program. Miss Josephine Martin directs the State School Food Service Program. School officials who are interested in this program should contact the State School Food Service Office for details. All schools participating in the breakfast program must serve meals that meet nutritional requirements of the U.S.D.A. Each breakfast must include Y2 pint of milk, 1 oz. protein food, lfz cup of fruit juice, vegetable juice or fruit and 34 cup of hot cereaL or a cereal product such as toast, muffins or rolls. Protein-rich foods such as eggs, sausage, bacon, peanut butter or cheese are an integral part of breakfast. Students at Ruth Carter School reach for juice to accompany their breakfast. A bout 200 of the 1,000 students enrolled at th e school take part in the breakfast program. 4 a look at education's role today ETV Puts ~Education in Focus' in Topical Serie "Education in Focus," the Department of Education's weekly series. of programs on the Georgia ETV Network, will study timely educational topics in a ten-minute documentary format this year. The series began on September 16. Each ten-minute program will be shown at four times each week: 12:30 p.m. Mondays, 9:50 a.m. and 7:45 p.m. Thursdays and 7:30 p.m. Sundays. The program is written by staff of Publications and Information Services and produced by the Georgia ETV Network. Scheduled from October through December are these programs: Oct. 7: Special Presents excerpts of speeches by Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix and other edu- Shaw Shares Time, Talent with Honors Music Students Robert Shaw, director of the Atlanta Symphony, spent three days working with music students attending the Governor's Honors Program at Wesleyan College in Macon. "It was the first time Mr. Shaw had shared his time and talents in such a way," said Frank Crockett, music consultant for the Georgia Department of Education. "The musical results and the dynamic personality of this internationally famous conductor provided a highlight for all students at the Governor's Honors Program and especially for those in the music field ," Crockett said. Congressmen Affirm Support Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix has received a telegram from Representative Carl D. Perkins, Chairman of the House Committee on Education and Labor, reaffirming his support and that of Representative Phil Landrum for programs of vocational education. The telegram cited the close association of the Georgia delegation with vocational education legislation through the years, beginning with the Smith-Hughes and GeorgeHarden Acts. cators at the annual Governor's Conference on Education. Oct. 14: What Is This Thing Called Education? Looks at the question of whether or not school lunch may be considered "educational.' To help voters decide, when they face the question in November, whether state tax funds should be spent for school lunch purposes. Oct. 21: Whatever Happened to Good Old Miss Dove Looks at the new teacher-what is she like. What makes her that way? Oct. 28: Beyond the Three R's Explores the broad scope of education's rol today; school is no longer a place to learn only reading, writing and arithmetic. Nov. 4: What's the Difference? Explores the questions: have Standards really changed schools and education in Georgia? Should they be more strict? Do they really ask the right questions? Nov. 11: Special A panel discusses education legislation coming up in the 1969 Georgia General Assembly. Supt. Nix and Chairmen of the House and Senate Education Committees w participate. Nov. 18: Four Quarters Make a Whole An innovative approach to high school education on a year-round basis is being trie in Metropolitan Atlanta with a four-quarter plan. The program looks at how the idea works. Nov. 25: Instruction or Interruption? Explores the use of educational television in Georgia schools. Dec. 2: Putting Two and Two Together Looks at consolidation; is it good or bad? What does it mean to the people involved? Dec. 9: Special To be announced. Dec. 16: Just Get a Business License Explores the problem of the wide variation -in quality among private schools, which ar not state regulated in any way. To start one, just get a license . a look at education's role today 5 Dr. Leslie Alvin Sanders, left, Supe>intendent of Coweta County Schools, presents State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix with a copy of his doctoral dissertation. Dr. Sanders joins a growing roster of Georgia educators who have earned doctor's degrees in recent years. Others include Dr. Milton S. McDonald of Rome, Dr. William H. Shaw of Muscogee County, Dr. Guy L. Taylor of Tift County, Dr. Carl G. Renfroe of Decatur, Dr. Charles P. McDaniel of Thomasville, Dr. Seabron C. Adamson and Dr. Thord M. Marshall of Chatham County, Dr. James Y. Moultrie of Fitzgerald, Dr. Garfield W. Wilson of Walton County. Space-age Technology Comes to Georgia High Schools Space-age technology is being taught in selected Georgia school systems for the first time this fall. Georgia is leading the nation by starting a program in which high school students will receive instruction in their industrial arts classes showing the relationship of the aerospace industry to the various subject areas of industrial arts-drafting and design, power, electronics, metals, graphic arts and woods. "One of the first space shots had to be postponed," says Raymond S. Ginn Jr., consultant in industrial arts education for the Georgia Department of Education, "because there was not a diesel mechanic available to do a repair job. "If we are to do our job in industrial arts education, which is, to interpret American industry to the high school student so that he can select his proper job spot, then we cannot afford to neglect any area of American industry. And that certainly goes for the aerospace industry, one of the biggest." The current new program evolved from a pilot program on which the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Georgia Department of Education collaborated last year at four colleges (Berry, Georgia Southern, Savannah State and the University of Georgia) and four high schools (West Rome, Rome; WinderBarrow, Winder; East Side, Columbus and Mark Smith, Macon). During the summer, the same colleges held workshops in which industrial arts educators and graduate students prepared a curriculum in aerospace technology. It is being integrated into the present industrial arts curriculum in 27 Georgia high schools this fall. School systems which began using the curriculum this fall are: Bibb, Bulloch, Chatham, Dougherty, Jackson, Houston, Rabun, Stephens, Muscogee, Richmond and Hall counties and Rome city. Nix Honored in Grady Georgia School Superintendent Jack P. Nix, during a trip to Grady County, toured the school system and was honored at a reception at the Roddenbery Memorial Library in Cairo. Miss Wessie Connell, librarian, was hostess. Superintendent Nix in speeches during the trip cited Grady County's "excellent program of education" and pointed to the "splendid cooperation between the library and the school in supplementing school resources." NASBE to Meet in Utah The National Association of State Boards of Education will meet October 7-9 in Salt Lake City, Utah. 6 a look at education's role today GET THE PICTURE? 'No experiment is too extreme to znsure a quality Georgia ETV picture on the public schools' television receivers,' says Network Director of Engineering Harvey I. Aderhold. The ten-station, statewide network maintains a field services unit to aid school reception. In Georgia mountains where UHF reception can be difficult, above, a helium-filled balloon carries an antenna connected to test equipment on the ground. At right, a bucket truck carries an engineer high in the sky for signal tests. a look at education's role today 7 Attorney General Rules on Appeals, Bonding Regarding the proper disposition of the "appeals" of eighty-one (81) Manor, Georgia, students from the July 10; 1968, action of the State Board of Education denying pursuant to Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-650 and Rules and Regulations, State of Georgia, Section 160-1-.13, their applications allegedly filed pursuant hereto: "I am of the opinion that the decision of the State oard of Education on those applications was '... entirely discretionary with the State Board and shall, in the absence of a clear abuse of discretion by the Board, be final and conclusive. Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-650.' "Under these facts and the applicable law, I am of the opinion that the Board is without authority to consider these appeals, Murdock v. Perkins, 219 Ga. 756 (3) (1964), and suggest that you return the 'appeal' papers to the attorney for the students." *** "As to whether or not a county board of education legally may pay the tax collector of the same county for the preparation of the county school tax digest, "My answer must be in the negative, assuming that there is no constitutional law of local application which specifically authorizes such a practice in the county in question. "According to laws of general applicability, one of the specific duties of county boards of education is '. . . preparing tax digests and furnishing same to the tax collector of the county . . .' Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-1401. "I am of the opinion that the appellate courts of this State would view the obligation to prepare and furnish such digest as one which involves the exercise of judgment and discretion and hence, not subject to being delegated by the county board of education to the tax commissioner. Levine v. Perry, 204 G. 323 (1948). Further, I am of the opinion that, absent valid local law to the contrary, county boards of education are not authorized to make to county tax collectors, and county tax collectors are not authorized to receive from county boards of education, payments for the preparation of such digests since there is no general provision of law which authorizes same. Freeney v. Geoghegan, 177 G. 142 {1933)." *** "In answer to the questions: Is it lawful for a public school teacher to seek public elective office within the same school district in which he is performing his contractural obligations as a teacher? and, It is lawful for a State employe to serve on an elective board in the county where he is employed?: "I am aware of no statute of the State of Georgia which would make it unlawful for a public school teacher or a State employee to seek county elective office. For instance, Ga. Code Section 89-103 which prohibits any person from holding more than one county office, has been held not to apply to public school teachers. because the position of teacher is 'employment' arising from a contractural relationship as opposed to 'office' which is created by law. Board of Education of Doerun v. Bacon, 22 Ga. App. 72 (1918). Although there is no statutory ban against such employment, there may be other considerations affecting such employment. At common law, for example, public officers have consistently been prohibited from holding two incompatible positions at the same time because of the conflict of interests presented by being both master and servant. 67 C.J.S. Officers, Sec. 23. Thus, while a teacher could legally 'seek' such an office, he or she might be forced to choose between the office and the employment if 'to hold' such an office results in a conflict of interests. "Similarly, a State employee might be precluded from holding county elective office by virtue of Rule 16 of the State Merit System which provides: 'No employe under the Merit System shall hold other public office or have conflicting employment while in the employ of any of the Departments of the Merit System. Determination of such conflict shall be made by the appointing authority concerned.' *** "As to whether or not a local board of education may satisfy the requirements of Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 32-820 by purchasing a schedule bond covering more than one of its school principals. (You make reference to an unofficial opinion of the Attorney General ruling that a blanket bond is insufficient, and individual bonds are necessary, to comply with that section. OPS. ATIY. GEN. 1959, p. 112. A specimen copy of a schedule bond was enclosed with your letter.)- "Either individual or schedule bonds are sufficient to comply with Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 32-280 if executed by the school principal or principals to whom they relate. However, the schedule bond enclosed with your Jetter is insufficient to comply with that section because Continued on page 8 8 a look at education's role today Opinions of the Attorney General Continued from page 7 it is not expressly conditioned upon faithful and true accounting for all public and other funds and all property coming into such principals' custody, control, care or possession. It is debatable whether or not the bonding of school principals may be accomplished by the execution of 'blanket bonds' which are not signed by the school principals. "The relevant statutory provision is as follows: 'Any person now employed as principal and any person upon entering into employment as principal of any public school in this State shall execute a bond in an amount fixed by the local board of education having jurisdiction over such school. Said bond shall be made payable to such local board of education and shall be conditioned upon faithful and true accounting for all public and other funds and all property coming into such principal's custody, control, care or possession. The premiums of such bondS! shall be paid by the local board of education out of the county educational fund.' Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 32-820, Ga. L. 1959, p. 159. "The language of this section clearly requires that each school principal individually execute the bond. It does not, however, specifically require that separate bonds be secured for each principal nor, in my opinion, is such a requirement fairly to be implied from the section as a whole." *** "As to whether local school systems may invest monies from the common school fund in United States Treasury Bills and Notes or whether such investments are forbidden by Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 32-942, which provides, in relevant part: ' . . . said funds . . . shall not be invested in bonds of this State, or in any other bonds or stocks, except when investment is necessary to carry out the conditions of an endowment, devise, gift or bequest. "Except in those instances where the investment of a part of the common school fund in United States Treasury Bills and Notes is necessary to carry out the condition of an endowment, devise, gift or bequest, the monies in such fund may not be invested in such Bills or Notes." *** "As to whether or not the Upson County Area Vocational-Technical School may charge tuition to students who reside outside Upson County . . . "The answer to your question depends upon that certain agreement entered into between the Georgia State Board for Vocational Education and the Board of Education for Upson County Area Vocational-Techni School, dated May 24, 1962, and particularly paragrap 12 thereof, which provides as follows: 'The Board of Education of Upson County Area Vocational-Technical School and the State Board for Vocational Education agree that the qualified students within the Thomaston vicinity, surrounding counties, and those within driving distances, and any other qualified citizen in the State who can arrange to attend provided the desired course or courses are not availab at some vocational school nearer the home of the prospective student, are eligible to enroll and attend this Area Vocational-Technical School tuition-free.' "Upon the assumption that this contract still is in full force and effect, and has not been modified or rescinded so as to affect paragraph 12, above quoted, it is my official opinion that the Board of Education of Upson County Area Vocational-Technical School m not lawfully charge tuition to any student who qualifies under the express terms of paragraph 12 of the aforesaid contract." *** "As to whether the Georgia State Board of Educati is authorized to receive and approve the enclosed appe bond; as I understand the facts, the persons who executed the bond appealed to the State Board of Education as to the location of a school. The State Board affirmed the decision of the local board and th persons now seek to have the issues heard by the Superior Court. "I am of the opinion that neither Ga. Code Ann. Sec. 6-105, cited by the attorney for the appellants, nor any other provision of Georgia law authorizes the Georgia State Board of Education to receive and appro the enclosed appeal bond." Schools Lack 750 Teachers Georgia school systems were short only 750 teachers to fill approximately 46,000 teacher positions when th opened their doors this fall, according to State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix. As of Aug. 31, 179 of the State's 194 systems had reported vacancies. At the same time last year there were approximately 1,0 vacancies; in the fall of 1966, 2,000, Mr. Nix said. a look at education's role today 9 Back to School? Title I Pupils Can't Wait! I Over 300,000 Georgia school children began school this fall with a whole new attitude. For some, it was the first time they had been eager for school to begin. Their new enjoyment of school began last year when they participated in some of the 335 Title I, ESEA, projects in the State. School system personnel plan these programs according to the greatest needs of school children in their systems. Services and programs offered included special reading programs (the most frequently offered), art programs, school social work, provision of health, dental, medical and psychological services, transportation and furnishing clothing. Three state institutions and 170 Georgia school systems offered the programs. Many children who came to school only irregularly or not at all before the Title I programs attended regularly when they began receiving help for their special needs. Others who could not keep up with their classmates or had dropped behind in a subject received tutorial help and other personal attention and then were able to progress faster. Many children ate their only daily meal at schools with Title I food programs. According to Jack P. Nix, State School Superintendent, "Title I programs in 1968 can certainly be termed successful. We know that they helped increase attendance, decrease dropouts and fill the needs that otherwise would have gone untouched. They reached children in elementary and secondary schools, offered every sort of activity and class. We had Title I projects in vocational education, training for teachers and kindergarten among the more than 32 different types offered." Title I funds are distributed on the basis of the number of school-age children in the system from families with less than $2,000 annual income. Total grant to Georgia for fiscal year 1968 was $37,424,915. Largest grant in FY 1968 was to Atlanta School System, which received $2,571,147 for projects during the school year and $665,382 for a special summer program. Chatham County received the next largest grant, $588 ,537. Smallest grant to a Georgia school system was $4,549 to Calhoun City System. School leaders plan their own projects around what educationally deprived children in their system need most. The plans are submitted to State Department of Education Title I Coordinator R. C. Beemon and consultants for approval. Each system had a special person designated to coordinate Title I activities. 10 a look at education's role today They Hire the Rehabilitated Employers of persons rehabilitated through services of the Department of Education Office of Vocational Rehabilitation Services were cited for their cooperation during a meeting of the State Board of Education. Among those honored were, in photos left to right, top row, Col. A. ! . McDermott representing Atlanta Army Depot, F. M. Hobson of General Services Administration, Hammond Smith , U.S. Civil Service Commission; bottom row, left to right, George Camp of the U.S. Post Office, Lt. Col. Kiefer Tucker of Dobbins Air Force Base and Dr. John Hood of the VA Hospital, Atlanta. Scholarships Put 342 Future Teachers Through College State Teacher Scholarships totaling $265,799 are helping 342 Georgia college freshmen through school this fall. The scholarships are awarded by the State Board of Education to young Georgians who plan to go to college and become teachers in the State's public elementary, high school or vocational-technical schools. Scholarships range from $300 to $1 ,000 for an academic year. The scholarships are in the form of loans, but recipients may cancel their obligation to repay the loans by teaching in Georgia schools. High school seniors are eligible for the scholarships if they are residents of Georgia, have a high school average of "B" or better with commensurate SAT scores, are planning to attend a Georgia college and plan to teach in Georgia. Scholarship recipients must maintain an overall average of "B" or better while in college. There are 1,012 Georgia college students now receiving State Teacher Scholarship funds. The program was begun in 1960, and since that time 1,062 Georgians have completed college under the program and are now teaching in Georgia schools. FEDERAL EDUCATION FUN MAY BE DOWN THIS YEAR Although final allocations of funds for education programs will not be known until Senate and House versions of the appropriations bill are compromised, action by the two committees gives some indication of what is to come. Final appropriations figures are likely to be about halfway between the Senate and House versions, and this indicates that most major programs will be from last year's level. The Senate Committee was a bit more generous than the House; still, most of its recommendations are the 1968 level. For Title I, the Senate recommends $1.123 billion, $67.9 million below the 1968 program level; For Title II, $60 million, a decrease of $39 .2 million below 1968; For Title III, $155.9 million, $31.8 million less than in 1968; For Title V-A, NDEA, for guidance, counseling and testing, $17 million, $7 .5 million less than 1968; Assistance for schools in federally impacted areas, $520.8 million, an increase of $11.6 million over 1968; Education Professions Development Act, $196.9 million, $33 million more than in 1968. a look at education's role today 11 V High School Offers Diploma Study Chance For some the many crash programs to reduce the umber of high school dropouts are too late. In Georgia 50,000 adults have less than an eighth grade educaion. What about them? They are not forgotten. The Georgia Department of dams Promoted, _New Staff ppointed by Department Bert K. Adams has been appointed Assistant State Superintendent of Schools for Department Staff Services, State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix bas announced. Mr. Adams was named acting assistant superintendent to succeed Dr. Kenneth Tidwell, now with Southeastern Education Laboratory. Other new appointments in the Department of Education include Dr. Richard E. Ottinger, formerly with the Glynn County Board of Education, as Executive Director of the Georgia Educational Television Network; Carlton J. Thaxton, former director of the oastal Plains Regional Library, Tifton, as Chief, Public Library Unit; Glen English, Production Manager, . eorgia ETV Network; William H. Schabacker, Associate irector for Research; Dr. Will G. Atwood Jr., ducation Program Coordinator for Title II; Dr. illiam R. Luckie, Associate Director for Planning; ess P. Elliott, Coordinator of Evaluation. Safety Brochure Available The Georgia Department of Public Health, in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Public Safety, has published a brochure, "Wrecks Don't Just Happen; They're Caused." It is available in quantity rom either of the agencies. Driver Education teachers in Georgia schools and other school officials concerned ith promoting safe driving may obtain free copies Y requesting them from the agencies in Atlanta. AVA Convention Here in '73 The American Vocational Association will hold its 973 convention in Atlanta. The Board of Directors bas otified George Mulling, State Director of Vocational ducation, that Georgia's invitation to meet here has een accepted. Education Adult Education Unit and the Georgia Educational Television Network have planned television classes in basic education especially for this group of adults. TV High School will present 60 half-hour programs Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 7 a.m., repeated at 6:30 p.m. Scheduled times for the programs allow people who work to tune in at the most convenient time. The 20 weeks course will cover five basic subjectsnatural sciences, English grammar, social studies, general mathematics and literature. By following these lessons in their homes, adults can prepare for the General Education Development Exam. After passing the GED test, adults 20 or over can receive their high school equivalency certificates. Programs. began September 17. According to Mrs. Catherine Kirkland, coordinator, Adult Education Unit, Georgia Department of Education, the programs should have an audience of 50,000 people, and she expects that a high percentage of these will eventually receive High School Equivalency certificates. Conference on Teaching Composition Scheduled The Linguistics Research and Demonstration Center, a project of Rome City Schools under ESEA Title III, is sponsoring a weekend conference on teaching composition October 25 and 26. Speakers will be Dr. Mary Tingle, University of Georgia; Mrs. Juanita Abernathy, Georgia Department of Education; Dr. Wallace Douglas, Dr. Stephen Judy, Mrs. Rita Hansen, Curriculum Center in English, Northwestern University. Special attention will be given to the past, present and future of teaching composition. Some topics for discussion will be "Another Look at Structure and Sequence in Composition," The Importance of Talk," "Language Development of Children." Information and/ or registration forms may be obtained from: Ronald Midkiff, Director Linguistics Research and Demonstration Center Rome City Schools Rome, Georgia 30161 ON BOARD: 'Walton County Must Uphold Contract' Georgia's Board of Education in August denied an appeal of the Walton County Board of Education seeking reversal of an earlier State Board ruling withholding funds from the Walton School System for failure to comply with a contract. The contract in question was signed in 1964 and called for consolidation of grades nine through twelve of Loganville High School with the Monroe Area High School and for closing of the Good Hope Elementary School and its consolidation with Monroe Elementary School. The Walton Board agreed to consolidate the Good Hope School, but sought to be released from terms of the contract requiring consolidation of the Loganville School. The State Board voted earlier in the summer to withhold funds from Walton County for failure to comply with the contract. * ** In other action at its August meeting the State Board: Heard a report of the Study Committee on H.B. 1375 (which requires school class rings to be purchased by competitive bid) and recommended that school systems implement the law as passed by the Georgia General Assembly in 1968 session; approved agreements between: (1) the State Board of Education and the State Board of Corrections proyiding occupational training for selected offenders in the prisons operated by the Board of Corrections when and as funds are made available for specific programs, and (2) between the State Board of Education and the State Department of Public Health for providing suitable training in health occupations; accepted a Ford Foundation grant of $97,344 for the development of a series of television programs centered around youth; accepted bequest of $200 from a Macon woman and directed that it be added to the Georgia Academy for the Blind Trust Fund; approved leasing three educational television series; approved dation of the finance committee that Bulloch County Board of Education be permitted to delay the -~''""'",.. tion of Mary Jackson Elementary School because of developments involved in a desegregation suit; re(]IUe!IW that Superintendent Ethington of Mcintosh County a proposal for the consolidation of Sapelo Island approved the FY 1969 budgets of Henry County and Walton County Boards of Education on the condition each levy 20 mills for maintenance and operation; delayed approval of the FY 1969 budgets of Worth and Jeff Davis County Boards of Education pending further study by the financial review staff; re<:onltmtendetl that local school systems adopt policies providing for competitive bids in transactions involving expenditure state funds in excess of $500; approved a contract with Floyd County Board of Commissioners for the of Coosa Vocational-Technical School; recorded the Fitzgerald City Board of Education as having suommeo! resolution requesting capital outlay funds for consolid of all high school students in Fitzgerald and Ben Hill County, recommended that new application be by the Fitzgerald Board of Education and the City Council, and noted that a new 50-year contract with Ben Hill County Board of Education should be executed; approved a request for transfer agreement of Van Nostrand Company textbooks to Lytton approved a pilot program for autistic children in County to be conducted by the DeKalb County Board of Education, the State Health Department and the Georgia Department of Education. Next Committee meetings: October 9 Next Board meeting: October 16 BULK RATE U. S. Postage PAID Atlanta, Georgia Permit Number 168 Acquistit1ons Div. University of Ga. Libraries University of Georgia Athens, Ga. 30601 r IVERSITy OF GEORGIA Nov 2 21968 '3 /6 In this issue: A quiet revolution . . . . . . . . page 6 On Board . . . . . . .. .. . . . page 11 Who will it be? . . . . . . . page 5 State Education Needs Total Near Half Billion Georgia needs kindergartens . . . a lower pupil-teacher ratio .. . four-quarter school ... driver education programs . .. supplies and materials for pupils more textbooks, library materials and transportation ... higher salaries for its teachers ... more money for maintenance and operation of schools ... more classrooms . . . programs for the gifted and the handicapped ... and more ... In short, Georgia needs more and better education for people. Because the state's future depends: on the its young citizens receive today. Not tomorrow. ot next year. Not when we can c0nveniently afford it. Now. So say Georgia's education leaders. Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix , staff of the artment of Education and top education leaders took long look at Georgia's education needs. Conclusion that it will cost the state almost a half-billion dollars pay for vitally needed educational programs for the year of the 1969-71 biennium. A similar amount be needed the second year. Educators-both lay and professional-will take their and budget to the people of the state during the of November. A series of ten meetings has been scheduled in Congressional districts over Georgia, with Superintendent Nix and representatives from other education organizations such as the Georgia School Boards Association, the PTA, the GEA, GT and EA and others cooperating in arranging the programs. "It is our duty to prepare the education budget and to present to the people a realistic picture of the needs of education," said Superintendent Nix. "We are holding these meetings, not to pressure anyone, but to inform the people of what we consider to be the needs of education in this state for the next two years." Meetings are scheduled Oct. 29 in Gainesville, Nov. 6 in Thomson, Nov. 7 in Americus, Nov. 18 in Albany, Nov. 19 in Douglas, Nov. 20 in Claxton, Nov. 21 in Griffin, Nov. 25 in Macon and Nov. 26 in Atlanta. The State Board of Education at its October meeting approved the biennial budget presented by the Superintendent and the Department. It totals $465.7 million for 1969-70 and $510.9 for 1970-71. Federal funds for the two years are anticipated to be $202.6 million. The budget provides for a salary raise of 7.5 percent for teach ers the first year; 8.5 percent the second year. Maintenance and operation payments to school systems would increase from the current $1,050 per state-allotted teacher to $ 1,150 for each year of the biennium. Funds for textbooks and library books will increase; funds for other Minimum Foundation budget items will increase according to anticipated enrollment figures. Continued on page 8 2 a look at education's role today Who should pay for education? Should we shift the total local burden of school financial support to the state? Proposals that such a shift be made have been in both national and state headlines in the past few months. Interest in educational circles is high. Is it a good idea? I believe not. Georgia's plan of financial support for public education, which has evolved from years of study and planning and practical appli- cation, is based on a foundation type program as established by law. The Minimum Foundation Program Law provides a bona fide part- nership between the state and each of the county and independent city school systems in Georgia. Under this law, the minimum needs of each system are calculated by formulas outlined in the law. By another formula, each school system's rt>quired local effort is deter- mined through an adjusted tax digest. Georgia's MFPE Law, like all good foundation laws, insures three things: State support for at least a minimum program for every school system in the state; That state funds will not replace local responsibility; Reasonable equity for all taxpayers. The state derives the major portion of its revenue for school support from the state sales tax and the state income tax. County and independent city school systems derive their support from prop- erty taxes. This arrangement maintains a delicate balance among the three maior sources of revenue for educational purposes. Should the local, county and city governments be relieved of any responsibility for the support of their schools, they would naturally lose an element of local control of education. A departure from foun- dation type school financing would decrease or eliminate local initia- tive, local responsibility, local planning and improvement at the local level. The equalization factor in the foundation program would be eliminated in that there would be only one figure for state support in teachers' salaries, enrichment programs, capital outlay and other operational items. Any increase in state support that would replace local support, whether it be increased sales tax or increased income tax, would tend to place too heavy a burden on individuals and industry who already have high taxes in these two areas. In 1964, Georgia was 43rd in the nation in the percent of local revenue going to public education. In spite of our recent increases in Georgia, we have dropped to 44th position in percent of local revenue going to public education. In 1967, there were 39 states that paid more property tax per capita than Georgia. Compared with other states. we are paying a relatively small amount of property taxes for school support. I believe that to insure the best education possible for our children, we must combine our efforts at the state and local level. The State alone cannot provide the money nor the programs. Share Education Bill inside education with Jack P. Nix State Superintendent of Schools a look at education's role today 3 Title I Results 'Encouraging, Frustrating' Sch.OO1tSh Ill the United States ducational level of have spent $1 di. sadvantaged billion chi ldren tfroomraiS1OeW-lenceome areas. Has I.t done any good?. The annual -report on Title I, Elementary and S_econdary :E:d:u~c:ast1p.oarnnodbAlefcrmut'sattrnealdtlisotnhaeosvlitemorriyttsheooffvabtshotenthe$s1senabcnoidlulirocaongmmCpgolenx-i.ty gressional appropriation. The report was prepared by USOE with the help of all 50 states and four territories. It outlines small successes: The rate of progress in reading achievement of Title 1 children is approaching the national average- a definite difference from findings in the past which have shown Title I youngsters achieved at a much slower rate than the national average. Attendance records of all first grade children in Title I schools improved from 83 percent in 1964-65 to 87 percent in 1966-67. Non-Title I schools reported little change. A sample evaluation of Title I schools indicated a five percent reduction in the rate of dropouts over the previous year. A "major achievement" was the fact that Title I has stimulated the states to supplement federal funds with compensatory education programs of their own. The report also had some criticisms: "In order to reduce the gap between the average scores for Title I schools and those of other schools," the report said, "the Title I group must achieve at a greater rate than the norm. According to Education U.S.A. Washington Monitor, "The report complained that ?nly a fraction of severely disadvantaged children are mclu_ded in Title I programs, criticized many non- pubbc school projects as falling short of public school Grants to Prepare Teachers (tboGavGeaeosers~o1cr.sget iia.tSvheeSdmtagterIallnCtps0rloleefpg$aen1.n9ang,3d0te0thaacenhdeUrms$1vo3eff' 8St0!.ht0ye' of Georgi.a respectively deaf ' 11te gia tat~) and mentally retarded (University). speciagJra.nts .Will prOVI.de for full academic year study mstitutes or summer sessions. ' efforts, and stressed the need for year-round programs. It is noted that teachers of disadvantaged children often spend the first months of the school year making up for achievement losses during the summer. 'The least expensive, most productive place to start to solve the problems of these children is not in schools and at school age, but in the homes an.d communities with programs that include infants and expectant mothers,' the report said. It noted that Head Start may be too late and reported a suggestion that disadvantaged children receive verbal stimulation through home tutoring beginning at age one." Agri-Marketing Courses in Georgia School First Time For the first time this fall, a Georgia public school is offering courses to prepare young men for various jobs in agriculture, business and industry-jobs such as salesmen or store managers in farm supply businesses, agricultural field servicemen, salesmen, demonstrator, plant manager of feed and food companies, farm products inspector, salesman or manager of farm products marketing firms. The new course, agri-marketing, is being offered at the posthigh school level as a pilot course by Valdosta Area Vocational-Technical School. The four-quarter program began Aug. 26, opening date of the fall te.t;m. Following its year as a pilot program in Valdosta, agri-marketing will be taught in other area schools where the need has been demonstrated, according to George Mulling, Director of Vocational Education for the Georgia Department of Education. "Already there is a statewide demand by the farm business industry for graduates of such a program," said Mr. Mulling. He cited a statement by 0. H. Bowden, Director, Personnel/Member Relations for Cotton Producers Association. "The exceptional growth of CPA/ Gold Kist has continued tQ increase the number of personnel we need. The opportunity for employment and advancement is excellent for young men trained in agri-marketing. I estimate CPA could employ at least 100 graduates of this program every year in positions such as farm supply management, plant supervision, field service work and other related jobs," Bowden said. 4 a look at education's role today Editorial Calls New Bill 'Historic Breakthrough' The Columbus Enquirer, in an editorial printed following passage of the new vocational education bill, hailed the action as, "A historic breakthrough for vocational-technical training." "The House (which voted 389-0 to allocate $1.2 billion for vocational education in the next two years) has the right idea on this expenditure. The President asked too little for a program that promises so much .. "One problem is a need for jobs among young people who either do not want to attend college, or cannot attend due to lack of funds. "There is a corresponding problem. It is the need in American industry for workers with technical and vocational skills ... "Vocational training is a solution all Americans should be able to agree on. Yet, there is opposition. Some professional educators . . . regard technical skills as outside the educational field. "Labor unions also post a barrier in some places, since they want to train new members under union auspices. "But the government's responsibility for vocational training is finally receiving its just recognition . . . " It is simply not true that a man-or a womancannot make a good salary, own his own business and have a comfortable living without getting a college degree. It very definitely can be done, and while a larger percentage of American youngsters will be going on to college, there will always be. a demand for non-college students who have technical or special skills . . . "It is a good solution, and it is a solution that government should give more attention and money." Driver Ed Enrollment Low Less than ten percent of Georgia's high school students were enrolled in driver education programs last year. Statistics compiled by J. B. Angelo Crowe, Consultant, Driver and Safety Education, Georgia Department of Education, show that 21 ,073 students received instruction in driver education in classroom and laboratory programs. Most of these were conducted during the regular school day; others before school, after school, on weekends and during the summer. Inner City Schooling ~ of Atlanta System Project Atlanta City Schools will receive a USOE $252,418 to finance an intensive effort to city schooling, the U. S. Office of Education announced. Atlanta is one of 26 communities across the who will conduct similar projects. "Changes in past practice are needed to education crisis in the nation's big cities," Commissioner of Education Harold Howe II. out different strategies in inner city schools, programs will lead to better understanding of provide quality education in the central city." The grants, made under Title III of the and Secondary Education Act of 1965, are to on improved educational services for high and their feeder junior high and elementary specific neighborhoods. Services will emphasize or all of these activities: Early childhood education, individualized transition to the world of work, staff training parent and community involvement. Some of grams will bring together pupils of different and races. EDUCATION HEADLINE Miss Margaret Jones , associate editor of the Education Association Journal, was elected to year term as president-elect of the State ...........- ... Editors (SEE) at the SEE National Workshop Francisco in June. She will serve in that office 1970, when she will become president. Dr. Donald F . Hackett, Georgia Southern industrial arts educator, has co-authored and a new textbook, "Modern Wood Technology," Publishing Company, 1968. Dr. Harold N. Dennis has been named the Ninth District Educational Services Center, Mrs. Elizabeth D . Koontz was installed the NEA at its convention in Dallas, Texas. Governor Robert E. McNair of South elected Chairman of the Education Cc,mJmt!iSI:~""'~ is scheduled for Oct. 8-9. Georgia had 999 winners of Presidential Physical ness Awards during the 1967-68 school year, 360 and 639 boys. To earn the award, boys and girls must equal or predetermined standards (adjusted according to age sex) on all seven items of the American Association Health, Physical Education and Recreation Y'?uth Test. a look at education's role today tt ix Cites Television's Effect on Youth S perintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix, at the request S~dneY L. Raskin, President of the Chatham County 1 of Education, has written the presidents of the broadcasting companies expressing educators' confor "the extent to which our youth are affected by patterns and modes of dress, behavior and other lllltllU'u"~ of the popular entertainers who appear on The superintendent's letter to NBC, CBS and ABC was om['L"u by a television program which pictured Frank using a cigarette throughout the program, "apparas a prop to communicate a cosmopolitan attitude," Mr. Nix. Mr. Nix requested that the broadcasting executives, and the entertainment personalities who appear on 111ogntms consider "the immense influence which you have our youth and the very grave responsibility which ICC()Jmp