PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
Dup 13
D o D
GEORGIA STATE
IFOIK
TIKE TEAB 1B87
VOLUME XIII
j X HENDERSON Commissioner
THE GENERAL LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSiTYDF GEORGIA
ATHENS GEORGIA
ATLANTA GA
CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE
1887u

OF GfcC
INTRODUCTION
VOLUME XIII
The current volume as with the twelve preceding as tl hh
embraces all of the publication f i preceamK the title imports
character issued durirZ i Agriculture of everv
zzt it at the end of the
a specified umber of eacinr 11laira of the Department
pendents UtTfhiStW S
filed in the office for binding at the end of the yZ P
utive paging for th V u do K S
will be found on the ower margmf the Pagt
ERROR
By an oversight Circular No 92 embracing s
Proceedines of stif w fi l laum pages and Circular No
b w m l6e be neZSb7L LK
MY TRAMUd
XJL 2 7 1914
MAR 6 1945CONTENTS OF VOL XIII
CIRCULARS
Circular No 88Analyses and Commercial Values of Fertilizers admit
ted to sale to January 8 1
S9Analyses and Commercial Values of Fertilizers admit
ted to sale to February 19 8
90Crop Report for May
91Crop Report for June 4
92 Analyses Commercial Values and Statistics of Fertil
izers admitted to sale during the season 188687 72
98Crop Report for July B9
94Crop Report for August 8
95Crop Report tor September l
mi Crop Report for October H
ill Proceedings State Horticultural Society 127
98 Rules and Regulations for the Inspection of Fertilizers 127
99Rules and Regulations Additional 135
100 Supplemental Crop Report 17
uvt rw
THEGENERAL LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
ATHENS GEORGIAGENERAL INDEX
NoteThe consecutive paging for the volume to which this index re
fers will be found on the lower margins of the pages
A
Analyses of Fertilizers Circular No 88 2
Analyses of Fertilizers Circular No 89 g
Analyses of Fertilizers Circular No 92 72
Analyses of Cotlon Seed IfK
Arnmoniated and nonammoniated fertilizers 94
August Crop Eteport g
C
Cash and Time prices l
Chemical fertilizers o0 i
hemical fertilizers formula for 07
Ihemist report of
Circular No 88



S

127
99
100S
Complete Fertilizers
Composts formute for
Condition of Fanners
Cotton seed as a fertilizing material 10r
rop report for May
T 2o
June
July 69
August 81
September
October
Cobb John A Address of H
Culture of Peanuts 13GENERAL IXDEX
D
Dominant Elements
08109
E

3
Economy in Fertilization103
Experiments with Seeds141147
F
Fertilization Economy in103
Fertilizers Comparative Trade in 94
Fertilizers for Specific FunctionsH
Forest Culturel67
Formulae for Composts104i163
Chemical Fertilizers107
G
Geo Ville Lecture on Chemical Fertilizers3864
Geo Ville vegetal production7292
H
Homemade Fertilizers and Composts163
Homogeneous Fertilizers108
Horticultural Society Proceedings of127
I
Incomplete Fertilizers109
Intense Complete Fertilizers19
J
June Crop Report 56
July Crop Report 69
L
Location of Orchards 31
M
May Crop Report
Market prices December 1 1887
2
140
N
Notes from Correspondents 32 o9 84 101 114 117 147
O
Orchards Peach location of 31
October Crop ReportHI
P
Peach orchards location of 31
Peanuts the culture of113
Peavines as a fertilizer103
Pork Stock and140
Proceedings of State Horticultural Society17
R
Itelative Commercial Values4117
Report of chemist
Rules and Regulations for the Inspection of Fertilizers127135GENERAL INDEX
S
Seeds tested report on141 147
September Crop Report 97
Standard required bylaw4 11 75
Statistics of Fertilizers92 93
Stock and pork14q
Supplemental Report 137
T
Tables of Analysisli 18 77
V
Values of Elements8 10 74
Vegetal production 72 92
Vllle Geo lecture on Chemical Fertilizers3864
Vegetal Production72 92Circular No 88 j
Xiv Series J
SEASON OK 188687
ANALYSES
COMMERCIAL VALUES
MliL FERTILIZE
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
DURING THE SEASON OP 188687 TO THE 8th JANUARY 1887
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE
COMMISSIONER OK AGRICULTURE
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GA
CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE
1887 u
ue
1
4y
OReiA
Circular JVo 88
Nw Series
ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMER
CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia
to January 8 Season of 188687
DEPARTMENT OV AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga January 20 1887
EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES
The tables commencing on a succeeding page give the analyses and the calcula
1 ted Relative Commercial Values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale in this State during the season of 188687 to Jan
uary 8
VALUES OF ELEMENTS
The usual correspondence has shown no material change in the market value of
the valuable ingredients of fertilizers since last season Therefore the scale of
elemental values will remain the same as that of the season of 18856 as followsDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Available Phosphoric Acid7i cents per pound
Ammonia16 cents per pound
Potash K O5 cents per pound
These three elements are all that are taken into account in estimating the value
of a fertilizer The commercial value of any fertilizer will depend on the amount
and relative proportion of these elements that are found by analyses to be present
inthe fertilizer
THE RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUE
of a fertilizer is found by multiplying the number of pounds of the valuable
elements in a ton by the price above fixed for each element and adding all
together Relative commercial values are generally safe indicators of the com
parative agricultural or practical values of different fertilizers to the farmer and
they are calculated and published as a guide to the farmer in making his selection
A high relative commercial value generally indicates high quality and vice versa
STANDARD REQUIRED BY LAW
The law prohibits the sale of an ammoniated superphosphate unless the manu
facturer or dealer shall guarantee that it contains not less than two 2 per centum
of ammonia and eight 8 per centum of available phosphoric aeid and of an acid
phosphate unless there be a guarantee of not less than ten 10 per centum of
available phosphoric acid These per centages must also be shown to be present
by the official analysis of the State Chemist
Eight per centum of available phosphoric and two per centum of ammonia
will give in a ton
Available Phosphoric Acid100 pounds
Ammonia 10 pounds
Total200 pounds
These two elements in not less than the amounts just stated are all that a fer
tilizer is required by law to contain Such a fertilizer is commonly called a
Standard Fertilizer or Georgia Standard by the trade The relative com
mercial value of a fertilizer is easily calculated when the analysis isknown Take
for instance a fertilizer that has the following analysis
Available Phosphoric Acid1120 per cent
Ammonia 230 per cent
Potash K O 150 pcr cent
Now 1120 per cent of 2000 pounds 1 ton is 224 pounds phos
phoric aeid at l cents per pound 16 80
And 230 per cent of 2000 pounds is 40 pounds of ammonia at 16
cents per pound 7 jj
And 150 per cent of 2000 pounds is 30 pounds of potash at 5
cents per pound 1 50
Total value of one ton f 25 66
A shorter method of calculating relative commercial values is as follows taking
the same supposed analysis ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 5
Available Phosphoric Acid1120x112 16 80
Ammonia230x3 15 7 3rt
Potashlr0xl 0
Total 25 66
This rule is to multiply the per centage of phosphoric acid by 1J multiply the
percentage of ammonia by 3 15 and the percentage of potash by 1 The product
in each case is dollars and cents and the sum of the three products is the value of
a ton ot the fertilizerTABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals etc inspected analyzed
and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 188687 to January 8 1887
TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates ob Lime
NAME OF BRAND
Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Hone1100
Amerieus AmmVi Bone Superphosphate
Alkaline Guano
Ashley Soluble Guano
Ashley Cotton and Com Compound
Ashley Small Grain Specific
Ashepoo Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Baldwin cfc Co Cotton Fertilizer
Buffalo Bone Guano
Rowkers Cotton Fertilizer
Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Coweta High Grade Fertilizer
Cairo Guano
Chesapeake Guano
Colquitt Georgia Standard Guano
Colquitt High Grade Guano
champion Ammoniated Superphosphate
Etiwan Ammoniated Superphosphate
En tan Fertilizer
Etiwan Gviano
Eclipse Guano
E FrankCoes Amd BoneStiperphosphte
Eddystone Guano
iForest City Amd Dissolved Bone
1200
1050
1500
11
1500
12011
1225
1050
550
900
1210
1550
650
1425
1300
500
675
1090
1050
1210
1625
1100
1050
1500
1100
175
og
225
085
090
110
120
230
180
100
250
110
li
250
285
220
100
110
250
475
125
160
400
185
300
175
Phosphoric Acid
915
900
550
6 10
700
640
875
800
810
1110
620
825
975
610
480
475
900
900
885
545
875
700
535
815
615
860
205
320
1120
1220
11
1065
11 15
1070
1010
1055
1055
IS 16
920
1015
1160
10 50
41
430
1 35
2 55
2 45
205
300
1 10
0 85
440
600 1080
645 11 20
1 80 10 80
10 75
1000
9 15
1015
970
940
1060
1075
1000
1 75
1 15
5 70
1 10
2 70
4 05
2 45
4 IK
1 to
300
225
221
290
265
220
270
210
255
250
255
2i5
250
270
280
250
200
2o
22
22U
205
305
215
257
240
125
250
235
245
200
260
220
21
200
250
150
150
198
145
125
IIK
150
170
140
215
160
170
185
145
300
2765
281 ill
2627
2771
2721
69
2599
2470
2 1 1
277
2446
21
40
2629
2661
2605
2120
2435
2374
2217
2586
2591
2864
2597
2526
2520
as
A
200
21111
FOB WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AXD WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
W1air Bros Co Atlanta Ga Mfd lor Adair Bros Co Detroit
inn
150
100
500
2011
100
250
200
100
200
10
10
20
50
101
100
500
100
812
Williams lark Co New York
Chesapeake Guauo Co Baltimore
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SU
Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore
Jno Merryman cfc Co Baltimore
Baldwin cfc Co Savannah in
Adair Bros cfc Co Atlanta Ga
Jno D Wild Savannah Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
H II Colquitt Atlanta Ga
II II Colquitt Atlanta Ga
P S Chapped A Son Baltimore
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phos Co Oharleston
Etiwan Phosphite Co Charleston
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
Jno Merryman cfc Co Baltimore
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull cfc Co Savannah
Williams Clark cfc Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Mil
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston BC
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S I
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md
Jno Merryman cfc Co Barren I N Y
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Furmau Farm Improvemt Co E Pt
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Mil
Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair
MaeouGa Macon Ga
Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair
P S Chappell cfc Son Baltimore Md
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
E Frank Coe Barren Island N Y
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC
o

W
H
fee
5
H3
C
lad
t
Q
to
o
a
I
o
PJ
rFarmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Gossypium Phospho
bGarrett Zellars Amd Dissolved Bone
MSarretts Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Georgia State Grange Fertilizeri
rfGa State Standard Amd Snperphosphte
Homestead Gnano
dHardees Cotton Boll
Home Mixture Guano
Jack Thompsons Amd Dissolved Bone
Jonahs Gourd Guano
Lowes Georgia Formula
L C Dissolved Bone with Ammonia
and Potash
1050
1200
750
750
1300
1400
sso
1400
775
1100
925
1080
cL R Ammoniated Guano
Mastodon Guano
Miles I X L Amd Superphosphate
Nassau Guano
Old Dominion Guano
Orange Growers Special
dOglethorpc Amd Dissolved Bone
aOld Reliable
Pure Animal Bone High Grade Vegetable
Pure Peruvian Guano
cPowhattan Raw Bone Superphosphate
Plow Brand Raw Bono Superphosphate
Patapsco Guano
rfPort Roval Cotton Fertilizer
Reliance Ammoniated Superphosphate
eSouth American Guano
Soluble Sea Island Guano
Stonewall High Grade Amd Guano
Soluble Pacific Guano
Standard Ammoniated Bone
Samana Guano
Stono Soluble Guano
Tennessee Superphosphate
dW T Lane Bro Amd Dissolved Bone
Walkers Gold Dust
Wilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano
1175
1375
lllT
117
1125
1225
1315
1100
1050
8
1200
13
1050
1075
1400
1100
1550
1550
850
225
200
075
075
150
175
250
175
285
175
100
3211
210
250
310
200
200
350
075
175
225
275
535
250
280
240
175
465
300
300
125
1125 225
14001 110
1225
1175
1100
1400
1125
1225
150
130
125
175
075
110
815
800
820
820
010
860
810
860
700
860
800
S00
910
825
815
900
850
675
870
860
8 15
815
10
825
750
810
860
540
475
475
685
750
760
675
1125
840
860
900
615
210 10 25
2 20 1020
3 00 1120
3 00 1120
1 45 1055
1 40 10 00
3 50 1100
1 40 1000
3 25 1025
1 40 10 00
1 75 975
220 10 20
200 1110
1 90 10 15
210 10 25
2 05 11 05
1 60 1010
3 10 9 85
2 05 1075
1 40 1000
210 10 25
1 85 1000
560 10 20
1 90 10 15
2 35 985
190 11 III
140 10 01
570 9 10
600 1075
6011 10 75
390 10 75
2 55 10 05
2 50 1011
310 9 85
2 15 1170
230 10 70
1 41 1000
ii 25 11 25
290 9 05
210
S00
265
265
245
225
390
225
281
225
225
21H
210
211
240
245
220
200
151
225
210
690
717
240
290
240
225
235
275
275
21
280
205
200
2 35
255
225
245
245
025
211
1 90
191
170
301
iuio
175
300
210
150
200
210
160
2011
185
1 65
111
300
1125
610
275
2235
2700
2718
2718
2537
2520
2988
2520
2609
2520
2393
2118
26
2501
2466
2642
2404
2283
3163
2520
2235
1318
419
21
2 211
175
300
160
160
160
250
200
220
165
125
1 75
300
210
305
2501
2626
2413
520
27
2653
2053
2640
2604
2391
2283
2632
2596
2520
2682
2447
200
1000
100
Kid
250
1000
500
100
11
1111
201
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
G W Scott it Co Atlanta Ga
P Romare Atlanta Ga
P Romare Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Langston fc Woodsou Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull t Co Savannah
Columbus Fertilizer CoColumbus
Hammond Hull t Co Savannah
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Langston A Woodsou Atlanta Ga
Lorentz Rittlcr Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Langston Woodsou Atlanta Ga
Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
Maddox Ruekerct Co AtlantaGa
The Wilcox ct Gibbs Guano Co
Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull ct Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
The Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co
Savannah Ga
10
OKI
360
0011
50
Kill
111
20
500
300
300
mo
12
51
111
211
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta
Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Michigan Carbon Works Detroit Mich
Hammond Hull A Co Pt Royal S C
Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus
Hammond Hull ct Co Pt Royal S C
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mfd for Langston Woodson At
lanbi Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mfd for Langston Woodson At
lanta Ga
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
The Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
Hammond Hull ct Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Lorentz Rittlcr Baltimore Md
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
The Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co
Savannah Ga
J O Mathewson Co Augusta
Savannah Gnano Co Savannah
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh

O

Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Imported by The Wilcox ct Gibbs Gu
ano Co Savannah Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S 0
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull t Co Pt Royal S C
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
The Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
Pacific Guano Co Woods Hole Mass
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ga
Ed
N
W
COTABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bonks Natural Guanoes Chemicals Etc
NAME OK HKAXI
Ashley Amrnoniated Dissolved Bone
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Aramoniated Dissolved Bone
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate with Potash
Acid Phosphate without Potash
Adairs Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Bone Ashe
A T Heaths Soluble Bone
Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate
Brannons Soluble Guano
Bowkers Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Curacoa Guano Natural Phosphate
Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Dried Blood
Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Diamond Soluble Bone
Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime
bEdisto Acidulated Rock
dEdisto Dissolved Bone
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Etiwau Ainmoniated Dissolved Bone
Ezells Dissolved Bone
English Dissolved Bone
Etiwau Acid Phosphate
aEutan Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
English Dissolved Bone X X X
Furman Farm Impt Co Acid Phosphate
pGeorgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Standard Disd Bone Phos
100
145
100
085
065
000
000
175
110
140
050
110
240
Phosphoric acid
11501625
10011 250
CO
040
050
800
1010
1000
1020
1215
1055
920
1190
1100
825
935
000
1025
800
1225
950
1050
1050
1200
1075
1275
1625
1400
1 125
010
850
850
950
050
1
150
310
150
150
135
050
000
101
Ollo
050
125

035
171
171
435
3
320
300
1 50
2 05
1
2
340
185
2 95
2
870
625
1250
1125
900
1115
1115
945
900
1275
1145
000
1160
1125
1400
1116
1210
12111
10
1305
1120
1310
1750
1825
1350
1310
1260
13
14 55
10HO
t3 a
625
1440
175
L25
000
1080
250
180
2Ill
150
220
2211
225
1
230
150
060
150
1
2423
2138
2280
211
2845
2738
2025
2185
2115
20C
2 5s
2266
2108
E
3 i
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
2160
130
175
2154
2130
203
2115
2115
2078
220
2108
2115
2095
2358
2215
2431
211
2100
21IK
50
50
500
500
inn
ion
50
100
100
12
100
20
50
25
50
201

50
50
50
511
50
100
loo
100
100
100
500
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Ieudleton Guano Co Atlanta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charlston
Adair Bros A Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Ashepoo Phosphate CoCharleston
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Juo D Weld Savannah Ga
Wileox it Glbbs Guano Co Savh
1 O Mathewson it Co Augusta
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Walton Whann Co Charleston
J O Mathewson Co Augusta
Edisto Phosphate Co harleston
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
Edisto Phosphate Co harleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate CoCharleston
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate CoCharleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAM
FACTURED
Ashley Phosphate o CharlestonSC
Ashley Phosphate Co CharlestonS
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Furman Farm Imp Co East Pt Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
N J
Imptd by Wileox it GibbsGuano Co
Savannah Ga
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S c
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
G Ober Sons o Baltimore Mil
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Edisto Phosphate Co harleston SC
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Furman Farm Imp Co East Pt Ga
Hammond Hull it Co Pt Royal SC
Hammond Hull it Co Pt Roval SC
C
w
T
t
K
H
S
fee
H
C

M
c
c

w
I
o
te
o 904 15 300 500 250 100 400 25 50 100 500 50 100 12 150 ioo 15 10 10 1000 as 200 100 100 100 15 100 Wilcox Gibhs Guano Co Savh Langston Woodson Atlanta U W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co BaltimoreSavannah Guano Co Savannah Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
dGround Bone Ammonia and Potash G W Scott ct Co Best Acid Phosphate Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate 1375 800 1600 1350 1250 950 825 950 1375 080 450 950 950 1125 875 1625 700 840 220 210 035 120 150 175 1310 175 220 2050 1180 22110 175 175 300 065 100 185 065 100 635 800 1210 1200 900 1210 000 1210 635 380 510 125 155 155 190 520 1 90 380 1015 1310 lS5 1355 1055 1400 520 1400 1015 150 085 250 208S 2215 2oo 2U33 1390 1420 1280 1275 1285 1150 1156 2193 2100 780 2100 2088 Mfd for Langston WoodsonAtlanta G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Imptd by Jno Merrvman Co Bal
National Dissolved Bone 150 1390 1420 1280 1275 1285 1150 1156 130 timore Md Imptd by Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Imported by Ashlev Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imported by Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Impd by Hammond Hull Co Savh Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Md Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Hammond Hull Co Savannah S W Travers Co Richmond Hammond Hull Co Savannah Langston Woodson Atlanta Winters Legg Marietta Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Hammond Hull fc Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Harrold Johnson Co Americus Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston J O Jelks Co Hawkinsville Walton Whann Co Charleston Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC
Orchilla Guano National Guano ffOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate dP E Ground Bone Amm Potash im 415 285 515 685 205 S W Travers Co Richmoud Va Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Mfd lor Langston Woodson Atlanta Sterns Fertilizer and Chemical Mfg
Co New Orleans La Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
jrPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate Slingluffs High Grade Acid Phosphate 1210 1210 825 1210 1145 1070 1175 1215 190 190 385 215 265 320 275 1 95 1400 1400 1210 1425 1410 1890 1450 1410 150 2100 2100 1815 213S 2115 2235 2175 2L15 Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Mass Imptd by Harrold Johnson Co
Americus Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston SC
A 15 Mayer Mfg Co St Louis Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
tRawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insolu
ble though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely grouud bone meal is worth about S40
Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing m every respect identi
calare sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a b c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter
the same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same bulk
Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediatelv available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily becomes avail
able if from animal bone it becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable tor a considerable length of time Natu
ral guanos and bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired

H
GO
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GOCircular No 89
New Series
SEASON OK 188687
ANALYSES
COMMERCIAL VALUES
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEOKGIA
DURING THE SEASON OF 188687 TO THE 19th FEBRUARY 1887
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE
Commissioner ok Agriculture
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GA
CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE
1887Circular No 89
Nsw Series j
ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMER
CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS

Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia
to February 19 Season of 188687
Department or Agriculture
Atlanta Ga March 1 1887
EXPLANATION OP THE TABLES OP ANALYSES
The tables commencing on a succeeding page give the analyses and the calcula
ted Eelatve Commercial Values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale in this State during the season of 188687 to Feb
ruary 19
VALUES OF ELEMENTS
The usual correspondence has shown no material change in the market value 01
the valuable ingredients of fertilizers since last season Therefore the scale ot
elemental values will remain the same as that of the season of 18856 as follow
104 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Available Pnosphoric Acid7 cents per pound
Ammonia 16 cnts Per Pound
Potash K O5 cents Per Pund
These three elements are all that are taken into account in estimating the value
of a fertilizer The commercial value of any fertilizer will depend on the amount
and relative proportion of these elements that are found by analyses to be present
in the fertilizer
THE RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUE
of a fertilizer is found by multiplying the number of pounds of the valuable
elements in a ton by the price above fixed for each element and adding all
together Relative commercial values are generally safe indicators of the com
parative agricultural or practical values of different fertilizers to the farmer and
they are calculated and published as a guide to the farmer in making his selection
A high relative commercial value generally indicates high quality and vice versa
STANDARD REQUIRED BY LAW
The law prohibits the sale of an ammoniated superphosphate unless the manu
facturer or dealer shall guarantee that it contains not less than two 2 per centum
of ammonia and eight 8 per centum of available phosphoric acid and of an acid
phosphate unless there be a guarantee of not less than ten 10 per centum ot
available phosphoric acid These per centages must also be shown to be present
by theofficial analysis of the State Chemist
Eight per centum of available phosphoric and two per centum of ammonia
will give in a ton
Available Phosphoric Acid160 pounds
Ammonia 40 pounds
Total200 pounds
These two elements in not less than the amounts just stated are all that a fer
tilizer is required by law to contain Such a fertilizer is commonly called a
Standard Fertilizer or Georgia Standard by the trade The relative com
mercial value of a fertilizer is easily calculated when the analysis is known
Take for instance a fertilizer that has the following analysis
Available Phosphoric AcidU20 per cent
Ammonia 230 per cent
Potash K O 50 Per cent
Now 1120 per cent of 2000 pounds 1 ton is 224 pounds phos
phoric acid at 7J cents per pound 16 80
And 230 per cent of 2000 pounds is 46 pounds of ammonia at 16
cents per pound
And 150 per cent of 2000 pounds is 30 pounds of potash at 5
cents per pound 1 50
Total value of one ton 25 66
A shorter method of calculating relative commercial values is as follows taking
the same supposed analysis
11ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 5
Available Phosphoric Acid1120x1 12 16 80
Ammonia230x3 15 7 36
Potash150x1 1 50
Total 25 66
This rule is to multiply the percentage of phosphoric acid by 1J multiply the
percentage of ammonia by 3 15 and the percentage of potash by 1 The product
in each case is dollars and cents and the sum of the three products is the value ot
a ton of the fertilizer
12TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals Etc Inspected Analyzed
and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188687 to February 19th 1887
TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphate of Lime
KAMB OF BRAND
Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Amerieus Aramd Bone Superphosphate
Alkaline Guano
rt Ashley Soluble Guano
Ashley Cotton and Corn Compound
Ashley Small Grain Specific
Ashepoo Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Atlantic Fertilizer
Auroa Ammoniated Phospho
Baldwin Co Cotton Fertilizer
Buffalo Bone Guano
Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer
Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime
Bone Compound
Bryton Ammd Bone Superphosphate
Coweta High Grade Fertilizer
Cairo Guano
Chesapeake Guano
Colquitt Georgia Standard Guano
Colquitt High Grade Guano
Champion Ammoniated Superphosphate
ACaswells Eagle Ammoniated Bone
Chatham Guano
1100
1200
1050
1500
1125
1500
1200
1225
1050
1500
1150
900
550
000
1210
1550
1450
1200
1200
650
1425
1300
500
675
1090
750
1250
Phosphoric Ac
o 3
93


3
Ol
m
t
a o 3

a m M H
1 75 915 2 05 1120
0 65 900 320 12 20
2 55 550 0 75 11 25
0 85 610 1 55 1065
0 90 700 4 15 1115
1 10 640 430 1070
120 875 135 1010
sn 800 255 10 55
1 80 810 2 45 10 55
65 655 3 20 9 V
085 685 230 915
135 700 260 960
100 1110 2 05 1315
2 50 620 300 920
1 10 H25 190 1015
1 45 975 0 85 1000
75 820 1 81 10 05
1 00 700 410 11 10
2 00 850 160 1010
50 610 441 10 50
85 480 6 cm 1080
20 475 645 1120
100 900 1 SI 1080
110 900 175 10 75
250 885 1 11 1001
3 00 975 1 A 1140
100 925 150 1075
I

300
225
220
291
265
220
270
210
255
215
275
200
250
255
235
250
255
235
220
270
280
250
200
200
220
245
240
125
250
235
245
200
20H
220
215
200
160
300
185
5i
150
150
130
130
230
100
145
125
160
150
170
155
225
Sg
g a
A
2765
28011
2627
2771
2721
2509
2599
2470
2599
2311
2553
22 G5
2773
2446
2425
2540
2454
2547
2449
2021
2661
2005
2420
2435
2374
2649
2606
V a

50
200
200
25
25
25
ion
150
100
50
100
425
500
2011
100
250
600
100
20
200
100
200
10
10
20
50
100
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Williams Clark Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Ad ir Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Tno D Weld Savannah Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Bradley Fertilizer CoBoston Mass
W H M Goulding Baltimore Md
Dainbman Bros Co Baltimore
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
II H Colquitt Atlanta Ga
H H Colquitt Atlanta Ga
P S Chappell Son Baltimore
TD Caswell Augusta Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Mfd for Adair Bros Co Detroit
Williams Clark k Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Jno Merryman Co Barren I N Y
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Furman FarmlmprovemtCo E Pt
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Bradlev Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
W H M Goulding Baltimore Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair
Macon Ga Macon Ga
Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair
P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C
O
H

H
a
c

w
Q
a
H
I
o

oCranes Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate 1150
Caswells Eagle Ammoniated Bone1400
Cha tahoochce Guano 650
C L M Co Ammoniated Bone 1500
Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime 1350
Crown Guano1400
dCrescent Bone Fertilizer L400
DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer 1225
Dissolved none Carolina 1480
itDixie Guano1400
Dissolved Animal Bone1075
Etiwan Ammoniated Superphosphate1050
Eulau Fertilizer1210
Etiwan Guano1625
Eclipse Guano1400
E Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphosphte 1050
Eddystone Guano1500
7Excelsior Guano1400
Enoree Fertilizer1410
itEinpire Guano1400
Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1050
dForest City Ammd Dissolved Bone1400
Furmaus High Grade Fertilizer 1320
1 Farmers Friend Fertilizer 1275
Farmers Favorite1225
Gossvpium Phospho1200
oGarrett ctZellars Amd Dissolved Bone 750
fiGarretts Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 750
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer1300
dGa State Standard Amd Superphosphate 1400
Georgia Pacific Guano 1300
iGiant Guano1400
Good Luck Guano1300
Gem Guano 1250
dGarnett Stubb Cos Amd Bone Supeip 1400
Homestead Guano 850
dHardees Cotton Boll1400
Home Mixture Guano 775
dHightower Cos Damascus Am DisBone 1400
lHope Guano1400
dJack Thompsons Amd Dissolved Bone 1400
Jonahs Gourd Guano 925
dJ E DeVaughns Amd Bone Superphos 1400
J T Hunts Favorite 900
J S Wood Bro Amd Dissolved Bone 1500
fcT S Wood Bro Amd Dissolved Bone 1400
J O Varnadoes Dissolved Amd Bone1425
itKing Guano1400
Katon Guano 650
2011
211
22
150
825
105
175
210
1511
225
125
175
125
101
4011
185
300
lio
140
225
225
175
110
140
075
200
075
07E
150
17
245
225
100
220
175
250
175
285
175
225
175
100
175
220
220
225
200
225
100
810
845
020
75
751
7U0
800
920
051
400
840
545
875
700
535
815
015
760
900
400
815
860
735
650
780
800
820
820
910
800
720
400
715
400
860
810
860
700
800
400
860
800
860
700
400
400
610
400
820
300 11 10 265 175 2688
1 95 1040 50 185 2545
380 10 00 200 340 2480
3 05 980 215 175 2333
2 80 1030 235 175 2472
220 920 240 18 2333
1 41 10 00 225 300 2520
1 05 10 25 61 220 2500
3 25 9 75 200 310 2118
5 35 9 35 215 130 2381
6 80 15 20 210 2952
5 70 9 15 220 140 2217
1 40 1015 265 215 2580
2 70 971 305 100 2591
4 05 9 40 245 170 2364
2 45 10 60 257 185 2597
401 10 75 240 145 2526
2511 1010 20 220 2391
0 11 20 25i 215 2711
5 35 9 35 265 130 2381
210 10 25 210 025 223
1 40 1000 225 800 2520
2 80 1015 334 280 2872
5 30 1180 260 2115 283V
3 30 11 10 220 210 2579
2 20 1020 300 210 2700
3 00 1120 265 190 2718
3 00 11 20 205 190 2718
1 45 1055 245 170 2537
1 40 10 00 225 300 2520
2 50 970 255 110 2381
5 35 935 205 130 2881
3 90 11 05 260 220 2710
0 30 10 0 215 250 2483
1 40 1000 225 800 2520
350 1100 390 2988
140 1000 22 300 2520
3 25 10 25 280 175 2009
1 40 1000 22 300 2520
5 35 935 26b 130 2381
1 40 1000 225 300 2520
1 75 9 75 221 210 2393
1 4 10 00 22o 800 2520
250 9 50 200 180 2245
5 30 K30 205 125 2368
5 35 935 26b 131 2381
375 985 22 221 2423
Rj85 935 26 131 2381
400 1220 200 190 2660
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
A N Daveiport LaGrange Ga
Savannah Guauo Co Mivannah Ga
Charles Ellis Savannah Ga
Treadwell Abbott Co Atlanta
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Raisin Fertilizer Co BaltimoreM0
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
Jno Merrymun Co Baltimore
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Adair Bros Co Atlanta
Read Co New York
Bradley Fertilizer Co BostonMass
G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
P Romare Atlanta Ga
P Romare Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Tupin Ogden tic Co Macon Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Readtfe Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Hammond ullCo Savannah
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus
Hammond HulKv Co Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull ct Co Savannah
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
J S Wood tfc Bro Savannah Ga
J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Rome Oil Mills Fertr Co Rome
J R Crane Elizabethport N J
T D Caswell Charleston S C
LaGrange Oil Mfg Co LaGrange
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me
Bowker Fertilizer Co New York
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Deleon Guano Co Port Royal S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Dam Oman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
htiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
E Frank Coe Barren Island N Y
Clark Cove Gutno Co New Bedford
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Port Royal Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Furman Farm Improvemt Co E Pt
Read Co New York
Bradlev Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta
Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta
Baldwin fc Co Port Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Read Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Michigan Carbon Works DetroitMich
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
RaWn Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
HammonSHull Co Pt Royal S C
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd
Raisin Feitilizer Co Baltimore Md
Rome Oil Mills Fertilizer Co Rome

K
go
is
GO
C

O
o
S3
O
t
t1
1
is
St
H
is
IS
Ed
GO
ITABLE No IContinued
NAME OF BRAND
Lowes Georgia Formula
L C Dis Bone with Amm and Potash
cL t R Ammoniated Guano
tLockwood Cotton Grower
ih C Dissd Bone with Am and Potash
Listers Ammoniated Bone Phosphate
L R Ammoniated Guano
fcLion Guano
Matchless Cotton Grower
Mastodon Guano
Miles I X L Amd Superphosphate
Matchless Blood Bone and Potash Guano
Nassau Guano
Navassa Guano
Orange Growers Special
dOglethorpe Amd Dissolved Bone
aOld Reliable
tOriental Amd Bone Superphosphate
Old Dominion Guano
Oriental Bone Superphosphate
Our Own Guano
Owl Brand Guano
Olympic Guano
Oriole High Grade Fertilizer
Pure Animal Bone High Grade Veg Fer
Pure Peruvian Guano
cPowhattan Raw Bone Superphosphate
Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate
Patapsco Guano
dPort Royal Cotton Fenilizer
jPatrons Amd Dissolved Bone
P D Fertilizer
Pelican Guano
Pomona Guano
1080
117E
1375
750
1375
1250
1550
1400
725
1075
1175
1425
1425
1250
1315
1400
1050
750
1450
1350
1400
450
1400
925
875
1200
1375
1050
1075
1400
1375
1375
1400
1350
320
210
250
300
250
150
225
225
120
310
200
155
201
211
075
17
225
300
810
215
110
240
145
210
275
53
250
280
240
17
250
225
110
200
Phosphoric Acid

800
910
825
975
805
700
700
400
910
815
900
750
850
550
870
860
815
975
050
850
700
82
890
660
815
400
825
750
810
860
805
825
710
925
2 20
200
190
105
145
3 25
231
5 35
375
210
205
300
160
4 45
205
1 40
210
1 65
3 25
195
2 50
620
2 85
3 00
1 85
560
190
2 35
1 90
140
1 45
200
2 35
105
1020
1110
1015
11 40
1010
10 25
9 35
935
12 85
10 25
I 1 05
10 20
1010
9 95
10 75
10 00
10 25
II to
9 75
10 45
1010
9 45
11 25
1020
1000
10 20
1015
9 85
1000
1000
1010
1025
9 45
1030
a
s
1
240
240
240
245
220
245
20
205
240
240
245
24
220
275
450
225
l0
215
28E
245
20E
200
255
230
000
747
240
200
2111
220
240
245
205
9
3
03



d a
J3

a G3


P K
150 2448
200 2633
210 2501
155 2649
1511 2309
220 2542
200 2259
130 2381
210 2922
160 2166
200 2642
220 2579
185 2404
185 2 58
410 3103
300 2521
025 2235
155 2649
150 2305
200 2552
220 2391
175 2233
11 2714
1 60 2426
6 10 4318
275 1193
210 2501
0 2626
175 2443
300 2520
1 50 2300
1531
5 2127
200 2593
200
200
100
100
300
300
50
25
100
200
200
100
100
300
20
1000
SO
300
100
300
10
150
30
40
10
100
300
1000
200
50
12
100
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Langston Woodson Atlauta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Clarence Angier Atlanta la
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Listers Agl Chem Wks New Ark
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertil zerCo BaltimoreMd
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Langston A Woodson Atlanta Ga
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington
Wilcox Gibus Guano CoSavannh
Hammond Hull A Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
Maddox Kuckerct Co AtlantaGa
T D Cswell Aueusta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Norton Vandiver Home Ga
Ashepoo P osphate Co Charleston
Svmlngton Bros Co Baltimore
Hammo d Hull A Co Savannah
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
Lorr ntz Rittler Ballimore Md
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Patapsco GU4no Co Baltimore
Ha mond Hull A Co Savannah
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Peterson Co Kort Gaines Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mfd for Langston it Woodson Atlauta
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta
Listers Agl Cheml Wks New ArK
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
orr A Hunter Augusta Ga
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mld for Langston Woodson Atlanta
Orr Hunter New York
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Port Royal Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
T H Caswell Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Davie ct Whittle Petersburg Va
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Symington Bros ct Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Imported by The Wileox A Gibbs Gu
ano Co Savannah Ga
LoreLtz t Rittler Baltimore Mil
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Patapsco Gna o Co Baltimore Md
Ham ond Hull A Co Pt Royal S C
Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlmta
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Alabama Fenilizer Co Montgomery
DeLeon Guano Co Pt Royal S C
o

H
tsl
Z
H
O

O
W
i1
o
tl
a
EC
ri
I
c
w
aPlanters Soluble Bone
Pendleton Ammoniated Superphosphate
Patapsco Aind Soluble Phosphate
APotoinac Guano
Reliance Ammoniatel Superphosphate
eSouth American Guano
eSoluble Sea Island Guano
Stonewall High Grade Arud Guano
Soluble Pacific Guano
7Standard Amraouiated Bone
Stono Soluble Guano
fSamana Guano
ffSparksI X L Amd Bone Superphos
Standard Bone Super phosphate
Star Brand Guano
Special Cotton Fertilizer
Soluble Sea Island Guano
fcSouth American Guano
iSparks I X L Amd Bone Superphosj
Sea FowlGano
iSterling Guano
Symington Ammouiated Bone
Slinglutfs Dissolved Bone
Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime
Tenuessee Superphosphate
dTiftit Co Amd Superphosphate
dW T Lane Bro Amd Dissolved Bone
WalkersGold Dust
Wilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano
Wando Soluble Guano
dWestons Amd Dissolved Bone
Zeils Amd Bone Superphosphate
IZclls Calvert Guano
EZells Amd Bone Superphosphate
1450
1160
1275
1400
1100
1550
1550
850
1125
1400
1175
1450
1500
1350
900
800
1400
1400
1400
1475
750
1375
875
1100
1100
1400
1400
1125
1225
1400
1400
1200
1175
1175
300
175
150
225
465
300
300
125
225
110
130
310
220
220
100
250
225
22
225
17E
300
150
210
250
125
175
175
075
110
220
175
220
300
300
625
710
680
400
540
475
475
685
750
760
925
650
400
510
720
600
400
400
400
750
975
700
1005
705
840
860
860
000
615
815
860
655
650
650
355 98
329
380
535
570
600
600
390
255
250
245
325
530
610
3 65
320
535
535
535
265
1 65
230
240
310
230
140
140
225
290
220
1 40
310
330
330
10 39
10
935
910
1075
1075
10 75
1005
1010
1170
95
930
1120
1085
920
935
9 35
935
1015
1140
30
1245
1015
1070
1000
1000
11 25
9 05
1035
1000
9 65
9
980
220
300
225
265
235
275
275
243
280
205
285
235
265
200
240
255
265
265
265
260
245
235
300
235
255
225
225
241
245
240
225
220
250
250
180
200
130
130
160
160
160
250
2111
22H
125
150
125
135
220
8 30
130
130
130
120
1
200
225
175
300
300
210
305
200
300
150
100
100
23541
2718
2310
2381
2277
2653
2653
2640
2604
2391
2632
2365
2368
2155
2616
2526
2381
2381
2381
2475
2649
1347
2828
2500
2596
2520
2520
2682
2447
2521
2520
2302
2370
2370
200 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
100 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
100 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
25 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
50 Walton Whann it Co Charleston
100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
20 Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savh
500 J O Mathewson Co Augusta
300 Savannah Guano Co Savannah
100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
300 Maddox RuckeritCo Atlanta
50 J S Wood it Bro Savannah Ga
40 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
20 Cozart Burns it Co Washington
10 P S Chappell Son Baltimore
100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
50 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
25 J S Wood it Bro Savannah Ga
200 Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston
100 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
20 Symington Bros it Co Baltimore
8 Boykiu Carmer it Co Baltimore
115 G Oberit Sons Co Baltimore
12 National Fertilizer Co Nashville
50 Hammond Hull it Co Savannah
50 Hammond Hull it Co Savannah
100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
200 Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savh
100 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
100 Hammond Hull it Co Savannah
20 Zell Guano Co Baltimore
10 Zell Guano Co Baltimore
lolzell Guano Co Baltimore
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Gnano Co Atlanta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisio Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Pacific Guano Co Woods Holl Mass
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Stono Phophate Co Charleston S C
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Allison it Addison Richmond Va
P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Symington Bros it Co Baltimore Md
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Md
G Ober it Sons Co Baltimore Md
National Fertilizer Co NashvilieTenn
Hammond Hull it Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull it Co Pt Royal SC
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md

M
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a

t1
fed
fed
N
fed
fed
fTABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natukal Guanos Chemicals Etc
Ashley Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Acid phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate with Potash
Acid Phosphate without Potash
Adalrs Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Bone Ash
A T Heaths Soluble Bone
i Acid Phosphate
irtAshepoo Acid Phosphate
Ashlej Dissolved Bone
Atlantic Floats
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Dissolved Bone
Atlanta Soluble Bone
Acid Phosphate with Potash
Brannons Soluble Guano
Bowkeis Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Curacoa Guano Natural Phosphate
Chatham Acid Phosphate
Charleston Acid Phosphate
Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Dried Blood
Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Diamond Soluble Bone
Dis olved Bone Phosphate of Lime
Dohbs Chemicals for Composting
Dissolved S C Bone
DeLeous Dissolved Bone Phosphate
oEiisto Acidulated Rock
1500
1125
1110
1500
700
685
1215
1375
12
L475
1125
1420
lbioO
1650
1350
1100
1210
1350
1150
1375
1240
bum
sliio
1225
950
1200
1150
1225
1050
100
145
100
085
065
060
060
175
110
140
050
150
21125
os
07
055
075
110
240
1025
060
120
250
i25
150
310
180
185
085
150
640
050
8 00
1010
16 00
1620
1215
10 55
9 20
11 90
11 60
10 50
920
1020
10 00
1280
s 2E
9 35
000
1050
81
1025
iiso
11 25
9 60
810
1050
11
1115
435 10 75
356 1805
320111 20
300 13 10
150
205
135
255
340
185
295
335
17 50
18 21
1350
1310
12 60
1375
1155
1385
370 12 90
121 M 40
430 1430
195 1476
255 II 80
370 13 05
025
320
290
115
L85
205
395
350
365
281
295
c 25
1370
1105
1440
riJiH
I l 20
1355
II 60
14 15
II 20
1410
000
250
180
200
150
221
221
225
175
1080
185
230
150
O S
a

2423
2138
2280
2115
2845
2738
2025
2185
2115
2063
2358
2078
2035
2160
2115
2398
2200
2108
2
bs
23
125
201
25
25
511
50
500
500
100
100
51
100
100
100
50
500
300
1000
2000
12
100
2055
1783
2160
2L54
2130
2033
1940
2123
2130
2115
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepno Phosphate Co Charleston
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S i
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston SC
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston SC
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
GeorgiaChemicl Wks Augusta Ga
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
20
50
100
50
25
50
200
500
50
20
50
50
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
J O Mathewson Co Augusta
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Walton Whann C Charleston
J O Mathewson Co Augusta
Walton Whann CoCharleston
Dambman Bro Co Baltimore
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah
iEdisto Phosphate Co Charleston
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Furman Farm Impt Co East Pt Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Atlantic PhosphteCo Charleston S C
Atlantic PhosphteCo Charleston S C
Atlantic Phosphte Co Charleston S C
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
N J
Ituptd by Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co
Savannah Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
Walton Whann Co Charleston S C
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
DeLeons Guano Co Port Royal S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
O
d

H
p
i
H
o

O
W
M
a
ej
t1
H
a
w
I
Q
O
W
oEdisto Dissolved Bone
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Aminoniated Dissolvod Bone
Ezells Dissolved Bone
eEnglish Dissolved Bone
Etiwan Acid Phosphate
rtEutau Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
English Dissolved Bone XXX
English Acid Phosphate
Eagle Acid Phosphate
7Eale Acid Phosphate
ftE Frank Coes Acid Phosphate
Euoree Acid Phosphate
Furman Farm Impt Co Acid Phosphate
Farish Furmans Formula
Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Standard Djsd Bone Phos
Ground Fish Scrap
dGround Bone Ammonia and Potash
G W Scott Co Best Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
High Grade Acid Phosphate
i oHightowers CosDamascusDissd Bone
00 Phosphate
High Grade Acid Phosphate
AHigh Grade Acid Phosphate
1050
1200
1075
1275
1625
1400
1426
910
850
1375
1125
1100
1225
1575
850
1150
950
950
1375
800
1000
1350
950
1250
1225
Home Fertilizer Chemicals
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Lowrys Standard Fertilizer
Longs Prepared Chemicals
1075
1050
150
135
050
060
lOO
065
050
121
035
090
085
075
200
100
035
085
175
1
220
210
035
120
1
210
200
275
300
1115
945
900
1275
1145
900
1160
1125
1400
1175
1020
12
1010
1125
1115
715
1210
1210
635
800
1210
1200
1210
1000
1010
550
S00
205
340
225
190
265
410
295
350
220
235
365
195
315
250
215
525
190
190
380
510
125
155
190
305
315
1410
1285
1125
1165
11 ic
1310
14 55
II
16 20
1410
1385
14
1325
1375
1110
12 40
1 100
1400
IoiH
1310
1335
13 55
1100
1365
1325
4
320
1030
1120
125 150 175
131 175

250 185
904
150
075
2115
2078
220
2198
2115
2095
2358
2215
2430
2115
2328
2398
1988
2248
2115
2180
2100
2100
085
250
715
1390
1420
12
1275
12
1150
1156
1370
1420
1350
075
230
20S8
2215
2003
2033
2100
2048
1988
2875
1390
1420
12S0
1275
12S5
1150
1156
1370
1420
1350
2020
1010
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
60
100
100
100
150
500
200
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
Edisto Pho4hate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Pope Fleming Augusta Ga
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
Too Merryman Co Baltimore Md
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
dair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
15 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
300 Langston Woodson Atlanta
500 G W Scott Co Atlanta
250 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
100 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
50 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
100 Navassa Guano Co Wilmingtn NC
400 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
10 Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
400 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
25 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
50 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
100 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
500 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
50 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
100 Savannah Guano Co Savannah
500 Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga
50 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
100 Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
20 Chesipeake Guano Co Baltimore
6 J R Long Baltimore Md
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Go Charleston
Tniptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Imptd by W T Seward Co Savh
T D Caswell Charleston S C
T D Caswell AugustaGa
Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti
more Md
Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston S C
Furman Farm Impt Co EastPt Ga
Furman Farm Impt Co East Pt Ga
Hammond Hnll Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta
G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti
more Md
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Navassa Guano Co Wilmiugton N C
Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti
more Md
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Imptd by Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co
Savannah Ga
Imported by Ashley Phosphate Co
Charleston S C
Imported by Stono Phosphate Co
Charleston S C
Imptd by Hammond Hull Co Savh
Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah
Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti
more Md
Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Imptd by Georgia Chemical Works
Augusta Ga
Imptd bv Atlantic rhos Co Charles
ton S C
Imptd by Bowker Fertilizer Co ETiza
bethport N J
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
J R Long Baltimore Md

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w
TABLE No II Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Lsters Harvest Queen Fertilizer
Listers Celebrated Ground Bone
iLockwoods Acid Phosphate
Magnolia Acid Phosphate
National Dissolved Bone
Nassau Dried Bone Phosphate
gOglethorpe Acid Phosphate
o Orchilla Guano Natural Guano
ffOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
0 K Dissolved Bone and Potash
dP E Ground Bone Ammonia and Potash
tPure Raw Ground Bore
1100
1000
1250
1375
950
825
950
900
1375
Pure Animal Bone Meal and Potash
Pure Animal Bone Meal
gPort Royal Acid Phosphate
oPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Palmetto Acid Phosphate
iP D Acid Phosphate
P oneer Acid Ihosphate
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Phosphate Potash ad Ammonia
Potasli cid Phosphate
Raisins Phosphate
Slingluffs High Grade Acid Phosphate
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
eStonewall English Acid Phosphate
Stono Acid Phosphate 700 185 10 70
1025
Phosphoric Acid
145
1925
075
075
150
075
175
1310
1
215
220
2050
100
740
1280
1325
900
10 50
12 10
000
1210
1100
6 35
195
155
1
310
190
520
190
280
380
11 45
190
190
250
250
350
305
375
295
615
38
215
265
320
1475
1480
1055
1360
1400
520
1400
1380
1015
1400
1400
1375
1375
11 50
13 55
1000
11 10
1375
12 10
14 25
1410
1390
155
415
150
lrn
415
285
515
100
1S5
235
130
210
0S5
1205
185
185
175
i
225
150

2198
2455
2193
2440
2100
780
2100
2760
2088
2100
2100
22 IS
22 IS
1900
2033
2090
1890
2003
1815
2138
2115
2235
100
2011
12
ion
Listers Agricultural and Chemical
Works New Ark N J
Listers Agricultural and Chemical
Works New Ark N J
Clarence Angier Atlanta
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Ed McDonald Cuthbert Ga
Jno D Weld Savannah
200
150
40
50
51
140
111
30
2011
1110
lllll
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
S W Travers Co Richmond
Hammond Hull Co Savainah
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta
Winters Lcgg Marietta Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
Ashepoo Phos Co hareston SC
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Ma
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Harrold Johnson k Co Americas
Stono Pnotphale Co Charleston
Listers Agricultl and Chemical Works
New Ark N J
Listers Agricultl and Chemical Works
New Ark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Orr Hunter Augusta Ga
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Bowkers Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
N J
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC
S W Travers Co Richmond Va
Hammond Hull Co St Royal S C
Orr Hunter Augusta Ga
Mfd for Laugston Woodson Atlanta
Sterns Fertilizer and Chemical Mfg
Co New Orleans La
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
U ilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Port Roval SC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston SC
Ashepoo Phosphte Co Chariest n SC
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C
Pendieton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Mass
Imported by Harrold Johnson t Co
Americus Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
0

H
IS
o

Q
W
M
O
d
d
w
I
o
o
W
OStono Dissolved Bone 840 065 1175 275 14502175
Sovereign Guano1575 275 805 325 1130 050 300 2155
Standard Acid Phosphate
Sterling Acid Phosphate
Soluble Bone Dust
Tankage
gW H Brithams Dissolved Bone Phos
ffW stons Dissolved Bone Phosphae
Walkers Dissolved Bone
Wando Dissolved Bone
Wando Acid Phosphate
Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
XX Acid Phosphate
1250
1100
900
950
950
1245
1650
1750
1100
1300
120
0
050
175
1
110
060
070
150
100
815
1280
1520
1210
1210
810
1150
1155
1000
1215
295
195
205
190
190
305
300
290
235
195
11 10
14 75
17 as
1400
1400
11 15
14 50
1445
1235
1410
125
120
185
125
im
17S5
23 98
2100
2100
1798
2175
2168
2513
2115
100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
250 Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
100
110
1O0
15
100
loo
100
100
100
Sotio Phos Co Charleston S C
Clarence Angier At anta Ga
Rogers Worsham Co Macn Ga
J O Jelks Co Hawkinsville
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savant ah
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Mass
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
A B Mayer Manufng Co St Louis
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Sono Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
t Raw bnne or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insoluble
though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 40
Duplicate Brands In some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeingin every respect identical
are sold u der different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a b c etc prefixed to the samethose having the same letter the same
table being identical are sacked and shipicd from the same bulk
Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediately available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily b conies available
if from animal bone it becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural
guanos and bones I ave therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired

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Ed

fCIRCULAR No 90 1
New Series i
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1887
SHOWING
THE ACREAGE AND CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS
THE FIRST OF MAY AND OTHER MATTERS
RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
T T HE3TlDE2S01r
ATLANTA GEORGIA
Constitution Publishing Company
1887Circular No 90
New Series f
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1887
Returned to the Department of Agriculture May 11887
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Mat 9 1887 j
GENERAL REMARKS
The reported condition of the crops as will be seen by reference
to the tabulated statement on page 6 is decidedly better than
that of last year at this date with the single exception of cotton
which is reported the same There is also an increase in the
acreage of most of the provision and supply crops The area in
corn agreeing with that of last year is two per cent above the
average of the last five years That of the oat crop though still
not equal to the average is increased 14 per cent above the crop
of last year
The reported condition of stock of all kinds and more particu
larly the work stock is better than that of any year since 1883
The cases of cholera mentioned by the correspondents is restricted
to a few localities and the disease seems to be less virulent than
at any time before for the last three years
CORN
The acreage is reported in North Georgia 104 in Middle and
Southeast Georgia 101 and in Southwest and East Georgia 102
274 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The prospect of the crop in comparison with the average of fivo
years is in North Georgia 101 in Middle Georgia 91 in South
west and East Georgia 93 in Southeast Georgia 98 and in the
whole State 95 The condition of the crop is four points better
than that of the crop of last year at this date
OATS
The acreage compared to an average is reported 88 and the
prospect 85 The proportion of the crop now standing that was
sown in the Fall is in North Georgia 11 per cent in Middle
Georgia 19 in Southwest Georgia 22 in East Georgia 38 and
in Southeast Georgia 71 The condition and prospect of the crop
is nine points better than was the report of last year at this time
WHEAT
The acreage compared to the average acreage of this crop is
reported 78 per cent and the prospect 92
The acreage agrees with that of last year and the prospect in
North and Middle Georgia to which the crop is mainly confined
is very much higher than that of last year at this time
COTTON
The acreage is in North Georgia 101 in Middle and Southwest
Georgia 99 in East Georgia 98 in Southeast Georgia 102 and in
the whole State 100
The planting owing to the exceptional character of the soason
has been late in all the sections except in East Georgia It is four
days later than the average time in North Georgia five days in
Middle Georgia six days in Southwest and about two weeks in
Southeast Georgia
The prospect of the crop is reported in North Georgia 99 in
Middle Georgia 87 in Southwest Georgia and in East Georgia 92
and in Southeast Georgia 90
In North Georgia 16 per cent of the crop was up on the first of
this month in Middle Georgia 24 in Southwest Georgia 52 in
East Georgia 37 and in Southeast 75 per cent making about 46
per cent of the whole crop of the State
There has been little rain since the planting and in consequence
there is only about fourfifths of a good stand in the portion of
28MAY CROP REPORT1887 5
the crop now up The prospect notwithstanding is reported as
high as that of last year at this date
MISCELLANEOUS CROP
There is a decided increase in the acreage of sugarcane rice
clover and grasses over that of last year This amounts with
sugarcane to about 20 per cent with rice to about 6 per cent
and with clover and grasses to 7 per cent
FRUIT
The peach crop is nearly an entire failure in North and Middle
Georgia In Southern and Southwest Georgia there is a pros
pect of about a half crop and in the other Southern sections some
what less than a half crop The prospect of the apple crop is re
ported about twothirds of an average that of the pear about one
third The prospect for the grape crop is reported 95 or nearly a
full crop
CASH AND TIME PRICES
While it is gratifying to note an increase in the acreage of pro
vision crops and a general improvement in the condition of stock
still the reports indicate that some of our farmers are opening ac
counts and buying supplies on time thus creating an incubus
that with even the most propitious seasons and the most fruitful
harvest they will be unable to throw off in the fall The average
cash price for corn is 68c and the time price 92c353 per cent
for a credit of hardly more than four months
29DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA
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o MAY CROP REPORT1887
LOCATION OF ORCHARDS FOR AN UNFAILING PEACH
CROP
In the partial failures of the peach crop the particular orchards
or trees that escape the effects of frosts are generally the same in
each recurrence of such failure Orchards having this immunity
from frosts are found here and there throughout the State A
careful observation of the topographical feature of tbe places thus
favored in this respect would enable the fruit growers to locate
orchards so as to give much more certainty to this crop
For the purpose of calling more general attention to this ques
tion and to get the observation of a number of persons in all
sections of the State the following inquiry was made of the cor
respondents of this Department
If peach orchards in your county have escaped frost while the
fruit is killed in other situations please give the location of such
orchards relative to ridges mountains or water courses If situated
on ridges or mountains state whether on the slopes or the crest of
the same and give the height above the valleys or surrounding
country also state what exposure whether a northern southern
eastern or western exposure has greatest immunity from frosts
In the answers which are here appended nearly all agree in
stating that the fruit least injured is on the high grounds The
influence of the direction of the slope of hill while it may effect
to a limited extent the time of blooming is a factor of little im
portance in comparison with that of its altitude above the sur
rounding country
The topographical positions that prove best for the certainty of
the crop are 1 Mountain sides from the base to the altitude of 800
feet regardless of direction of slope 2 Narrow valleys and coves
sheltered by high mountains 3 Narrow areas skirting the base
of high mountains on all sides 4 Ridges or hills and escarp
ments of tablelands 100 to 800 feet above adjacent valleys 5
Borders of large streams and lakes
There may be conflicting influences modifying the results of the
conditions here named in some sections and the places best suited
for orchards should be determined for each locality from observa
tion This may be done any frosty morning by comparing the
relative intensity of frost in different situations or for different
31
THE GENERAL LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
ATHENS GEORGIADEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
altitudes the relative density of dews at any season may b
taken as a guide as the severe frosts and heavy dews pertain
alike to the same altitudes
The correspondents with few exceptions who have failed to
observe differences due to location live in sections where there is
but little inequality of surface but even in South Georgia where
the country in general is nearly level this difference is well
establishedthe place of greatest exemption being about the
upper portion of the slopes adjacent to river valleys
It will be readily perceived that the facts here adduced have
their application not only to the peach crop but to all fruits and
vegetables subject to injury from late Spring frosts
The following are the Notes from Correspondents on the situa
tion of such orchards as have been least affected by the late frost
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksAs far as I know the peach crop is all killed W H Ash
There are one or two orchards in my settlement on elevated places that
escape frost every year Geo W Wiley
BartowThe peaches have escaped on the very high elevated lands The
best situation seems to he on the crest of the ridges A F Wooley
ChattooqaThough some orchards on very high lands entirely escaped
frost others are all killed generally those on south side of mountains and
ridges J J P Hknky
Some near heavy woodland has more than in open fields
W F Tait
CatoobaNo peaches in the valleys and few on ridges except on eastern
slope of Taylors Ridge which is about 300 feet high
CherokeeAll the peaches in this pan of the country are on elevated
ridges the more the fruit M S Paden
The most elevated lands are best for peaches only on very high land
have any escaped trost these are generally exposed to western winds
J J A Sharf
CobbHigh locations are best and especially BUch as are swept by north
and northwest winds J Y Alexander
A northwest exposure with woods west to cut oft wind will always be
saved Wm Alston Jr
Highest points with southern exposure J J Grker
DadbOrchards situated on mountains and high ridges have escaped frost
32MAY CROP REPORT1887
to a great extent also those on east base of mountain have considerable fruit
W S Taylor
Only one orchard in the county has escaped the ravages of frost that is
on a ridge between the two mountains Lookout and Sand On the slope facing
east there never has been known to be an entire failure of peaches This is
known as Pudding Ridge G A R Bible
DawsonOn ridge lands where a small per cent of timber has been cut
out we have peaches usually a full crop but small this year This ridge land
is from one to two hundred feet above the water courses and valleys As to
exposure have noticed but little difference
Southern slopes seems to have withstood the frost best this spring though
heretofore the crest or ridges with northwest exposure from one to three hun
dred feet above water courses have been the surest A J Logan
FloydFruit in this sectionwas killed on hills and valleys by freeze
Ino H Dent
Fifty to one hundred feet elevation eastern and southern exposure have
greatest immunity from frosts W S Sanford
ForsythTrees on southern slopes or hill sides escape the killing effects of
frostsay from ten to twentyfive feet above the valleys
Thomas L Sims
GlLMBRThe freeze was so severe that peaches was killed in all localities
Frost that usually kills on water courses does not kill on elevated southeast ex
posures N L Osborn
GordonSome few orchards have escaped situated on the south or south
west side of a mountain or ridge protected by skirts of timber though not
much elevated N B Hall
GwinnettAll that are left are on ridge land and bound on north side by
forest
Orchards on elevated ridges have some fruit The higher the elevation the
more fruit Orchards on level or low land have but little fruit This is true
of peaches hut not of apples A high hill for peaches a valley for apples
is an old adage and a true one K D Winn
Orchards on the Peachtree road in full view of the Blue Ridge have
never failed within the memory of the oldest inhabitant This ridge is five
miles long east and westthree miles south of Sewanee
JacksonPeaches are generally killed and the lucky places with the bal
ancemy orchard an exceptionis on a gradually rising ridge facing the
east 100 to 150 feet above the valley D J Sanders
MurrayThe western slope of Fort Mountain about 500 feet above the
common country has about 40 per cent of crop
3310
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PauldingSee no difference in location Scarcely any late or middle
variety 25 per cent of the early or June variety has escaped frost
J P McBrazke
PickknsOn ridges southern slope from 200 to 300 feet
Ems R Alrkad
PolkPeach trees on high hills or mountains over 300 feet ahove sur
rounding country have very little fruit while the low lands have none at all
S M H Byrd
RauuwMy observation is that the few orchards that have fruit are exposed
to the south and east on ridges or coves F A Blecklky
There are some peaches on the mountains above the fog line which runs
along the sides of the mountains about half way from the bottom of the valley
to the top of the mountains A southern slope is least liable to frost
Edward Sitton
TownsAll the peaches that hare escaped frost this season are in orchards
on the sides of the mountains and mostly on the northern slope from 200 to
300 feet above the valley lands M J Brown
There is a certain height along our mountains that peaches are not killed
by frost and the crop may be considered certain unless there is a severe freeze
which does not happen more than once in twenty years J N Gibson
UnionNot killed on tolerably high ridges lying to the south
C F Parks
WalkerVery few orchards have escaped mostly those on the mountain
Does not depend on exposure J A Clkment
WhitfieldThere are but two orchards near me that have escaped frost
These are on high hills about 150 feet above the valleys they are onjslopes
near the crest one northern and the other northeastern exposure
Most escape on elevations say 200 feet without regard to slope or expo
sure
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinSuch as have escaped are on ridges protected by woods on the
ortn Henry C Vinson
BiubAll fruit near the river or large creek is killed On high ridges es
pecially southern slopes there is nearly a full crop W D H Johnson
ButtsWhat fruit is left is on the high ridges or water sheds or red lands
H C Thaxton
CampbellEarly blooming varieties suffered most this spring without re
gard to location henoe northern exposures being later suffered less
J J Beall
CarrollNearly all orchards that have peaches are on eastern slopes or
rrdges those on northern slopes or on low flat places arc all killed
M R RusSKirMAY CROP REPORT188T
11
ClaytonMost of the trees on hills from 20 to 40 feet above valleys and
water courses are full The favorable localities are northwestern slopes where
there are no wind brakes or woods to shelter trees from winds causing a dry
atmospkere J C H Snekd
ClarkOnly a Cew trees on the highest hills with northwest exposure lias
a crop R T Pitta mi
CowktaOn ridges sheltered by forest on north side 100 feet above water
courses Wii A Smith
Some late blooming varieties have a few peaches irrespective of locality
and others on crest of ridges Southwest exposure also have a few
A W Stokes
DouglasOn the crest and north slope of ridges say 75 to 100 feet above
the valleys John G Maxwkll
ElbbrtWe have no mountains what peaches have escaped are on crest
and southwestern exposure of hills
Peaches protected on north and west by dense forests have escaped
J L Thornton
HbardThe killing as far as I know has been general J B Warm
HbnryThe poaches that have escaped are on south slope of hills pro
tected by woodland J A C Wynn
HarrisNorthern and western exposures have in this section greatest
immunity from frosts Orchards on crests of hills are injured hut little
J B Patk
HancockOrchards on high red lands or knowls there are some poaches
on the grassy or table level lands all are killed J W Cawthon
LincolnThe fruit has escaped in the vicinity of Graves Mountain a
high elevuted plateau in the western part of the county and no where else
J M Dill
All peaches that escaped frost are on high dry sandy ridges clay land and
low places near streams are killed early varieties are more abundant than
late N A Crawford
McDuffikPeach Tree Ridge a height onehalf to two miles wiie by four
to ten long makes a crop of peaches nine years out of ten When orchards
are protected north and west by pines the crop is good A E Sturgts
MorganAll killed except some aarly varieties J H Gaissbrt
KbwtonOrchards on ridges with eastern or southern exposure are not so
gnerally killed All orchards with heavy timber protection north and wast
have more or less fruit L P Livingston
Prom observation and energy in the localities where a few peaches apples
and pears etc are left the trees are on slopes facing northeast on high ridges
Early varieties suffered less than the late T A Walkbr
8512
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
RookdalkLocalities does not seem to effect a great difference
James T Stansell
SpauldingOn high dry hills some orchards have 75 per cent of peaches
S F Gray
Talbot I see no difference 8 A Freeman
Some fruit killed in all locations Less on high ridges Where protected
by trees or hills on north the fruit is worse killed more moisture generating
Daniel G Owen
TaliaferroHave seen few peaches except where protected by being near
a house On some trees so protected I observe a full crop
Lionel L Veazey
UpsonThe vicinity of Yatesville is on the ridge thas divides the Atlantic
and Gulf waters and we have here some peaches among late blooming varie
ties A JYates
WaltonPeach orchards near water courses nsarly all killed those with
southern slope the least damaged J N Gresham
Warren No peaches except a few early varieties
James A Shivers
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
CHATTAiioocnEKPeach trees on high hills and on light clay subsoil seem
to have most fruit North to western exposure is best from 100 to 200 feet
above creeks All killed on low grounds F V Schley
Peaches on low land a failure on upland very good
Fruit on high ridges has escaped while on low land it has been killed
North exposure best VV J Cook
ClayOn highest pine land there will be about half a peach crop
T E Speight
ColquittOrchards most elevated have greatest immunity from frosts
F J Walker
DeoaturI know of no place near me where the fruit is entirely killed
Mrs B A Campbell has an orchard on a high hill 150 feet that never fails
Flint River is about one and a half miles north and small creeks south and
west W B McDaniel
HoustonThere are no high hills but elevated lands with north exposure
fruit best wM J Andersoic
MaconOn red stiff lands the peach trees retain their fruit better than on
sandy soil Slopes have no appreciable effect J B Murray
MarionPeaches on highest elevations with a northern exposure have
suffered least while low flat lands with southern exposure have been killed
worst B T Peacock
36MAY CHOP REPORT1887 18
Scarcely any fruit in the county has been injured The most elevated
locations are always less damaged by frost G W C Munko
SchleyAll on low lands is entirely killed It is only on high elevation
that there will be any fruit E S Baldwin
TaylorWitcher Level in the southwestern part of the county about 50
to 75 feet above the valleys around and containing some 2500 acres red land
has a full crop in all the orchards on it D R Brown
TerrellFruit is less liable to injury from cld on dry high land
C G Hill
ThomasNorthwest winds being too cool for fruit to stand this spring
those on the ridges lost those on the flats is only a half crop
L H Plazor
EAST GEORGIA
JeffersonThe crop Was killed entirely on low places and adjoining river
courses On high ridges with western exposure the crop has sustained little
damage Thos Hardaway
Orchards near the water courses are apt to have the fruit killed while
those at some distance protected by forests on north and west have great im
munity from frost J E Adkins
The peaches not killed are where the soil is stift and gravelly and near
large trees which is a great protection A E Tarver
WashingtonOrchards on ridges have escaped in valleys have suffered
badly W A Snellinq
All the yellow varieties appear to be killed Orchards with northern ex
posure lying on high ridges escaped injury best H N Hollifield
WilkinsonAll fruit on low lands is almost totally killed The crop on
high places is mostly good Jas A Mason
OconeeOn dividing ridges between water courses R L Durham
ChathamPeaches only on the Savannah river or other water courses
have partially escaped frost
BryanThe only peaches that escaped are near water courses or heavy
forests P W Williams
LibertyOnly those protected on the northwest by walls or dense forests
have escaped
3714
DKPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGBORG1A
LECTURE
Kheroical Fertilizers Judged by the Past
Prof GEORGE VILLE
TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD
Gbntlkmkn The object of these meetings is always the same our effort
tend always to the samo object viz to find the most fruitful conditions of cul
tivating the soil
Until now the pivot of my studies has been a profound study of the condi
tions and laws which determine favor and regulate the sources of vital activity
Today I intend to follow another path I propose at first to have the
practical side and make an excursion into history to find what progress was
made by the agricultural arts of the past what is their exact meaning in what
measure this progress affects our present efforts and how these efforts are the
continuation and as it were the crowning of the past
In fact gentlemen go as far back as you may in the paths of tradition what
do you find That wherever man has commenced to live at a society he ha
sought conditions of existence by two parallel methods of culture Has he
first begun by founding permanent establishment Guided by a kind and
infallible instinct he chose by preference to seek alluvial soilsthe sides of
hills the bottoms of valleys seamed by numerous streams of water or the
borders of large rivers
There all the art of agriculture was shown in one fact irrigation born of
the observation of the good effects of natural overflows Egypt still shows an
example of this system striking by its age as well as by the importance of its
results
But this method of culture to which newborn societies had recourse was
not the only method The vast plateaus of Central Asia and several parts of
Africa held a large nomadic population grouped in tribes What was the
agricultural system under such conditions
38MAY CROP BKPOKT1887
1
A culture limited to barley and wheat alternating with a long fallow and
numerous herds fed by the free run of immense spaces
Now what from the standpoint ot the science of our time is the signifi
cance of these two methods of primitive culture A tacit acknowledgement
that we must give back to the soil a part of that which we took from it We
did not know exactly what we took from it but experience taught we must
make an act of restitution a necessary act without which there was no durable
crop At one point by irrigation and at another by use of stock and by fallow
By irrigation there is an importation of foreign matter by the fallow and
use of stock the restitution originates from the soil itself and is the result of a
better utilization of existing resources
But observe the supreme reason dominating all others is the tacit acknowl
edgment that the earth is provided but in limited quantities with the sub
stances that vegetation must find there and they must be given to the soil so
as to maintain its fertility
As the population increased these two systems became insufficient it was
necessary to cultivate regions where irrigation was impossible and where the
pastoral sytem did not suit by reason of the enormous spaces it required
Then the people experieiced from an agricultural point of view one of the
greatest methods of progress that history records The triennial system wa
inaugurated resulting in a fusion of the two systems
Of what does the triennial system consist
In dividing the land into two nearly equal parts The first kept in meadow
that irrigation fertilized the second devoted to the production of the cereals
but with this express reservation that the land be left fallow one year in every
two or three years
You see consequently the triennial system is but the fusion of the two
primitive systems the pastoral method and irrigation whieh could not be
seperately applied but under special conditions of place and soil How in the
new system is the recognized restitution to be given By the same processes
The meadow receive from irrigation and atmospheric influences the equivalent
of what it had lost The restitution to the part cultivated in the cereals is
given by manure originating from the hay of the meadow and the straw of
the cereals
From this union sprung the celebrated formula of meadow stock cereals
Certainly a fruitful formula but absolute despotic attacking individual lib
erty like the Feudal system whose interests it served and of which it reflects
the character
Here we will stop gentlemen and define with more precision than the past
has done the bearing and true signification of this restitution
The universal experience from the triennial system has demonstrated that
after more or less oscillation the average crop of the cereals is
1080 lbs of grain per acre 18 bu and
1628 lbs of straw
27C
lbs total ol crop per acre and per annum
3916
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA
Here is a well established point under the empire ot the triennial system
the earth produced a yearly average in round numbers of 3000 pounds
On the other side what is the necessary quantity of manure to assure this
production Practice answers 6000 pounds per acre and per annum So with
6000 pounds of manure we are certain of growing an annual crop of 3000
pounds
Well if wo could maintain the expression of these two terms as I am ex
pressing them all would be simple and clear for the crop will be less than the
manure and the soil receives more than it loses But things do not go on this
way In the 6000 pounds of manure there are 4646 pounds of humidity
which must positively be subtracted in order to have an exact balance which
then brings us to the two terms
0P2708 lbs
Manure1354 os
Excess of crop1351 lbs
So one of manure gives two of crop
It is not without a motive that I bring you to this conclusion It is not 1
who speak but a tentimes consecrated tradition and that tradition af
firms in its universality that with one of manure we get two of crop
with 100 200 with 1000 2000 and consequently that we obtain more
from the soil than we give it But the agriculture of today seeks to throw
aside the triennial system A grand progress was made at the close of the
last century Practical experience has proved that we may suppress the fallow
and by the practice of alternating wheat with clover and opening the rotation
with Irish potatoes we obtain these two results a superior crop of wheat and
a larger sum total Thee new combinations of cultivation maintain the yield
as high as by the old system
But now under these new conditions how is the restitution to be accom
plished Exactly as in the triennial rotation The ground in Irish potatoes
and wheat receives manure while the meadow is kept up by irrigation
This system however is much more productive than the first Why
Because the soil is never inactive and one and a half if not two in four crops
the clover and Irish potatoes is consumed on the farm The following is the
order of succession in this rotation
First year Irish potatoes
Second year wheat
Third year clover
Fourth year wheat
The soil is never at rest no more fallow and the general average is higher
The crop of grain from the cereals rises from eighteen to twentyefght bushels
and the straw from 1628 pounds to 2219 pounds This bringsthe annual crop
from the triennial system of 3000 pounds up to 5000 pounds So this system
is a great progress over the triennial system
The advantage of crop which we wish to prove is not the only one we find
one of equal importance in the production of manure
40MAY CROP REPORT1887
17
In the triennial system the quantity of available manure was 6000 pounds
per acre and per annum representing 1354 pounds of dry matter The alter
nate rotation raises the production in four years to 38720 pounds making the
annual quota 9t80 pounds expressed in its turn by 2004 pounds of dry matter
If the rotation is decidedly superior to the triennial system there is one point
on which its testimony is a little confused
Here again with one of manure we make two of crop
Alternate rotations lead us to exactly the same conclusions since with 2004
pounds of manure per acre we obtain in reality 5000 pounds of crop per acre
and per annum and that this result is none the less steadfast
If you are obedient to the laws of the triennial system the returns are main
tained indefinitely at the same point Follow with the same care the rules for
alternate rotation and the crops are equally maintained From whence we
have the invariable conclusion that with one of manure we have two of crop
always twice more of crop than of amount of manure used
What is the conclusion we must draw from this fact borrowed from authen
ticated history This that in the act of agricultural production it is an error
to believe it necessary to give the soil weight for weight pound for pound atom
for atom of the substances of which it has been deprived For even when
operating with manure a partial restitution is sufficient Bu t if a partial
restitution is sufficient and the original fertility of the soil is still kept up is it
not manifest that there is an inapparent sourc from which vegetation has
drawn this excess The manure being but a well known value from whence
comes this foreign source
That is to be found out to discover in what form it steps in what is the nature
of the agents it furnishes vegetation and what is its value To this object we
devote our energies
To do this instead of limiting ourselves to a general comparison between
manure and crop we will first make analysis of both and then establish a strict
balance between the respective elements
If you devote yourself to this work and make an analysis of both manure
and crop a first result and a very unexpected result appears before you and
this is that no matter what plant is under investigation you find always in the
constitution of the plant fourteen elements neither more nor less These
elements combine by different methods and according as these methods vary
you have a beat or a cereal a tree or a moss but the common basis upon which
vegetal activity operates is invariably the same always these same fourteen
elements which we will divide into two categories
ELEMENTS OF VEGETAL PRODUCTION
Organic
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
41
Mineral
Phosphorous
Sulphur
Chlorine
Sillica
Iron
Manganese
Lime
Mugnesia
Sodium
Potassium18
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
One set four in number we call organiccarbon hydrogen oxygen and
nitrogen these are the ones which rise in vapor and smoke when we burn a
plant They are therefore combustible and form 95 per cent of the substance
of vegetation
We eornein the second place to the mineral elements which originate in the
soil and among which we find phosphorous sulphur chlorine sillica iron
manganese lime magnesia sodium and potassium in the form of different combi
nations which we will describe later but which at present are of no interest
to us
The first result then from analysis of vegetation is invariable fixity of com
position
And what does the analysis of manure give us
Exactly the same result We find there again equally the same fourteen
elements we have just enumerated this is very easily understood for in fact
the manure is from the digestion of animals fed on vegetation
This being said we will now try to make the balance between the elements
of the manure and those of the crop and take as basis of this new examination
not only the triennial system but the more advanced system of alternate rota
tion which came after the triennial system
What do we find
That for the four years comprehending the rotation the manure consumed
rises to 8000 pounds of dry matter And the total of the crops estimated and
completely dry at 17400 pounds per acre The manure and the crops com
pared are
MANURE 8000 POUNDS CROPS 17600 POUNDS
Carbon28S8 pounds8184 pounds
Hydrogen 330 pounds 957 pounds
Oxygen2100 pounds7126 pounds
Nitrogen 160 pounds 267 pounds
Minerals2582 pounds1076 pounds
8000 pounds 17600 pounds
The signification of this analytical balance is singularly instructive
CONTIXTKDi
42MAY CROP REPORT1887
19
ADDRESS OF HON JOHN A COBB
Of Sumter County
Delivered at the Spring Meeting of the State Agricultural Society Held
in Americus February I887 and Resolutions Offered by Mr J O
Waddell of Polk County
Mr President and Gentlemen of the Georgia Stale Agricultural Society
I have selected for my subject one of great importance and one that should
interest us all The State Department of Agriculture and its Relation to the
Farmers
This department was organized for our special benefit and should have the
earnest support and encouragement of every farmer in the State
The departme t was organized August 26th 1874 being a new departure
The best way to make it of practical benefit to the farmers of the State had to
be devised with the limited funds at its disposal The Legislature generously
gave us a Department of Agriculture but through wrong ideas of economy
failed to make such an appropriation as its importance demanded and has yet
failed to do so though repeatedly and earnestly urged to do so by this Seciety
With the limited means at its disposal wonders have been accomplished by
this department and great good has resulted to the farming interests of the
State
During Dr Jones administration monthly crop reports fertilizer circulars
reports of soil tests manuals of the sheep and hog hand book of Georgia etc
aggregating two thousand two hundred and fiftyone pages of printed matter
all containing valuable information were issued from the department
Col J T Henderson our present able and efficient Commissioner went into
office September 29 1879 since which time there has been issued from the
department crop fertilizer and soil test circulars manuals of cattle poultry
tobacco culture and that valuable compilation The Commonwealth of
Georgia aggregating three thousand one hundred and sixty pages printed
matter making a total since the organization of the Department of five thou
sand three hundred and ninetyfive pages about six thousand copies of which
have been issued making a total of thirtytwo million three hundred and
seventy thousand pages of printed matter every page of which has contained
information of value to the farmers of the State in their special business and
all of the available information of the resources of the State agricultural
mineral and climatic
4320
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The inspection and anlysis of fertilizers by act of the Legislature creating
the Department of Agriculture in 1874 only required the Inspectors to report
amount inspected they retaining as compensation all fees instead of paying
the same into the State Treasury
The system was not placed entirely under the control of the Commissioner
until 1877 since which time there has been more system and better protection
against worthless fertilizers than ever before Full reports not being required
there is no exact data as to the amount inspected previous to the passage of
the Act of 1877 Since 1877 to 1886inclusivethere have been inspected
and analysed one million one hundred and eightyfour thousand tons After
deducting salaries of Chemist Inspectors cost of tags etc there have been
paid into the State Treasury 47903800
The present rules and regulations may not be perfect but the Commissioner
tries to remedy every defect that the experience of past seasons develops He
has more than once recommended a reduction of onehalf of the present fees
for inspection
That the inspection laws have benefited the farming interest by preventing
the sale in the State of inferior grades of fertilizers there cannot be a shadow
of doubt
There have been complaints but when properly traced out in nearly every
instance they can be accounted for by poor cultivation the character of the
seasons or the continuous application of strong fertilizers where clean culture
such as for cotton has been given the land
Favorable seasons good culture and vegetable matter in the soil are three
very important items necessary to good returns from the use of fertilizers and
over these the manufacturer chemist and inspector have no control
The Department of Agriculture proper receives from the Treasury annually
1420000 to cover salaries of commissioners clerks printing etc The vast
amount of information contained in the crop reports of the Department is col
lected and forwarded by patriotic farmers throughout the State without any
compensation
No department of our government State or National has ever accomplished
the good this Department has since its organization in proportion to the
amount of money expended on it
Commissioner Henderson and his efficient corps of assistants selected mainly
with a view to their fitness for the various positions they fill deserve great
credit and gratitude from the farmers of Georgia for what has been accom
plished But a great deal more can and should be done by giving the financial
aid that our Legislature should bestow upon it
We should have a complete Geological survey of the State Every day
develops by some accident valuable mineral deposits in our State
It should be known where they are and if in paying quantities It is
clearly the duty of the State to do this thing that our citizens who now own
the property should get its full value and that people and capital may be
attracted from elsewhere to within our borders There should be one or more
44MAY CROP REPORT1887
21
Experimental Stations to make thorough soil tests of fertilizers on various
soils and on every character of crop we now produce tests of new grains
grasses etc to find what can be profitably used to make our farm products
more varied One of our great needs is diversified agriculture
As individuals we have not the time or the means to make these experi
ments when we are forced to bend every energy in trying to solve the problem
of making two ends meet with our present labor and King Cotton After
thorough tests at the Experimental Stations we will know exactly what to
plant to secure the desired end without risk of failure We have prided our
selves on being the Empire State of the South What have we except we
live in the past to justify our claims to this title It is true that we have the
people the minerals the climate and the soil but what are we doing to hold
our claim to that proud title
There were displayed to the world at the Centennial evidences of the re
sources agricultural mineral and mechanical of nearly every Nation and
State but Georgia was absent Again at New Orleans with nearly every
State and Territory grandly represented Georgia was worse than absent
Even when our sister States and Territories came to our own capital at the
Atlanta Exposition the Georgia exhibitcreditable to the energy and skill of
our Commissioner with the means at his disposalwas a failure for the Empire
State of the South
Take Alabamaan offspring of whom Georgia may well feel proudshe
made liberal appropriations was fully represented at Philadelphia Atlanta
and New Orleans See the resultsBirmingham Anniston Sheffieldand
Tuscaloosaa boom a great grand boomthe iron interests of the North
moving to the South and Alabama reaping the harvest Millions of money
an energetic and thrifty population turned in that direction Even Georgia
is furnishing people and money to help build up the material prosperity of
Alabama
With every natural resource equal if not superior and known to us long
before Alabama knew her own resources Georgia mineral lands were left
almost unsought afterexcept by her own peopleat small prices and for
speculative purposes The only hope we have is that Alabamas liberality and
enterprise will draw enough people and capital for investment to fill up and
run over and then Georgia will reap the benefit at no cost to herself
After failing to have Georgia properly advertised andher resources shown
at these various expositions our Legislature finally woke up and saw the
importance of doing something to attract people and capital to our State
Commissioner Henderson feeling the importance of this subject prepared
and had printed two thousand copies of The Commonwealth of Georgia a
very valuable book containing all the available information as to the resources
of the State with fifteen climatic and geological maps but the Commissioner
failed to strike with the hammer of progress while the welding heat of liber
ality was on our Legislature as is shown by the following remarkable res
olution
4522
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Resolved by the House of Representatives the Senate concurring That the
Commissioner of Agriculture be and is hereby authorized to print such
number of copies of the Commonwealth of Georgia as he may find necessary
to supply the demand for the same the books to be sold by him at such price
as will cover the cost of publication and distribution the proceeds of such sale
to be accounted for as other moneys received by him and devoted to the pay
ment of the cost of issuing the present and future edition
Provided That the Commissioner may make free distribution of copies of
said book to crop correspondents and other agents of the Department and to
public officials of this and other States as he may deem proper
Provided further That the amount received from the sale of said book shall
cover the entire cost of said publication and distribution and no other appro
priation shall be made therefor
This is not a pleasant picture but it is true and the sooner we rouse our
selves to the importance that this question demands the better for us all The
remedy is with uslet us use it Make such a demand on our Legislature that
they will heed it with liberal appropriations to our Department of Agriculture
for the various purposes that have been suggested which will enable it to
accomplish the grand object for which it was organized
We have nearly everything within our borders that goes towards making a
grand State but we need additional population capital and diversified agricul
ture Advertise ourselves thoroughly let the world know who we are and
what we have and the additional population will come and manufactories of
every kind will of necessity spring up
With a proper and determined effort on our part no matter how rapid the
material advances of our sister States may be Georgia can still be made to hold
the proud position of the Empire State of the South
Mr J O Waddell offered the following resolutions
Whereas The Department of Agriculture is the offspring of the State
Agricultural Society having been originally established in pursuance of the
expressed wishes of this Society and
Whereas The said Department is the only department of the State devoted
to the development of our farming interests therefore it is meet and proper
for the Conventions of the Society from time to time to express their convic
tions in regard to the work of said Department and its relations to the farmers
of Georgia therefore
Resolved 1 That this Convention recognizes and appreciates the practical
benefits that the Department has already conferred on the farming interests of
the State
Resolved 2 That this Convention deprecates any unfriendly or embarrassing
action on the part of our General Assembly towards the said Department If
there be abuses at any time let them be reformed if there be defects in the
organic law let them be remedied if the field of operation be too narrow and
contracted let it be enlarged it the appropriation for the support of the De
partment be insufficient let it be increased
46MAY CROP REPORT1887
23
Resolved 3 That we accord to the Hon John T Henderson the just meed of
praise for able efforts in behalf of the farmers and we hereby pledge to him
and the Department the cordial cooperation of the State Agricultural Society
and its individual members
Resolved 4 That this Convention heartily endorses the views of Hon John
A Cobb as expressed in his able address on this subject and request a copy for
publication
Unanimously carried
47THE
GEORGIA STATE FAIR
HELD ANNUALLY AT
MACON GEORGIA
Opening October 24th 1887 and Continuing One Week
12000 IN CASH PREMIUMS
To the County making the best and largest display of agricultural product home iudus
try a cash prize of 100000 is offered County makiug the second best display 50000
Third best display 825000
To the individual making the best and largest display 10000 secoud 5000 third
2300 and a larger number of smaller premiums than ever before
THE FAIR OF 1887
promises to be the grandest Exhibition ever held In Georgia The citizens of Macon are
alive to the fact that the STATE FAIR is the most beneficial enterprise to the State and
city and every man is at work New hotels auti boarding houses will be built to accom
modate the large crowds and every man woman or child can find accommodations in
the city The Railroads will give cheap rates A larger number of attractions than ever
before will be procured Agriculture is the basis of all prosperity and the Fairs do more
to stimulate industry than all other agencies
For Premium List and further particulars address
E C GRIER Secy
MACON GA
L F UVINGSTOM President R 1 POWELL Treasurer E C GRIER Secretary
Covington Ga Barnesville Ga Macon Ga
ROBERT A NISBET General Supt
Macon GaSpecial Circular No 62
New Series
REPORT OF GROWING CROP ETC FOR THE MONTH
OF JUNE 1887
RETURNABLE JUNE 1st 1887
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga May 18 1887
DEAB SiaPlease answer the following questions on theb day of June and mail promptly
o that your report may reach this office by the 3d day 01 June possible
Uyourmail facilities are such that matte nailed on the 1st of the month wil not reach
hte office by the 2d please make out your report as long before the end oi the month ill
be necessary to have it reach this office by the 3d
Viewer every question that will admit of it in tmmhers Indicating per cent
in making up your answers let then apply to the whole county in which yon reside or a
far i each direction as your knowledge may extend not limply to youm farm
m all cases where the crop is not grown in your county use the character X H you ba
V vIc e t la a to makeSn approximate estimate leave ihe place blank
Any matter not intended for publication if sent with this circular should be enclosed on a
separate sheet of paper with name and postoffice address
1 Verv respectfully
3 T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
i For what county do you report
II Your name
III Your post office2 DKPARTMENT OK AORICI LTlEEGEORGIA
CORN
1 Condition oompared to an averaget er cent
OATS
2 Yield or prospective yield if not harvested compared to an averageper cent
3 To what extent injured by rustper t
WHEAT
4 risld or prospective ield compared to anaverage percent
To what extent injured bs rust percent
COTTON
6 stand 1st June compared to a good standper eent
9 Condition compared to an averageper ent
SORGHUM
8 Condition compared to an averageper ceut
SUGAR CASK
i Stand compared to a good standper cent
til Condition compared to an average pei
POTATOES
11 Vield or prospective yield of Irish potatoes compared to an averageper cent
12 Acreage in sweet potatoes compared to an averageper lt
MISCELLANEOUS
I Rice condition compared to an average percent
11 Ground peas acreage compared to an averagepgr oent
1 Melons conditian compared to an average percent
16 Tobacco acreage compared loan average percent
52QUESTIONS FOR JUNE CROP REPORT 3
ORCHARDS
17 Peach prospect compared to averagepercent
18 Apple prospect compared to averageper cent
19 fear prospect compared to averageper cent
20 Grape prospect as compared to averageper cent
STOCK
21 Clip of wool compared to averageper cent
NOTKS OF CORRESPONDENTS
Under this heading It is desired to collect important facts in relation to products of the
market garden or truck farming in this State Give names of the products of this class that
prove for your section the most remunerative and give an estimate of the average yield
and net profits per acre of such crops
Put the name of your county at the upper left hand corner of your notes as it appears
in the printed reported and your signature at the bottom
County
CIRCULAR No 91
New Series i
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1887
SHOWING
THE ACREAGE AND CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS
THE FIRST OF JUNE AND OTHER MATTERS
RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
Com missioner
atlanta georgia
Constitution Publishing Company
1887Circular No 91
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1887
Returned to the Department of Agriculture June 11887
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga June 7 1887 j
CONDITION AND PROSPECT
Though i drouth prevailed throughout the State until the latter
part of May our correspondents report the growing crops gener
ally several points bettor than last year While cotton and corn
are reported somewhat late both are reported in good condition
well worked healthy and quite as promising as that of any crop
for past three or four years at this stage of growth With mod
erately fair seasons froi now on it is safe to predict the best crop
of cotton and corn since 1882
The oat crop has been disastrously affected by the drouth hardly
threefourths of a crop being harvested In fact part of the crop
on uplands is too low to cut
The acreage in wheat is small but the crop is well grained
and the yield good Little or no rust is reported in either wheat
or oats
The reports of other food cropspotatoes rice sugarcane and
groundpeasare very gratifying and indicate a growing and
more active interest on the part of our people in the production of
home supplies
A comparative statement of condition of leading crops in the
different sections will be seen in the following notes and still more
in detail by reference to tabulated report on a subsequent page
5GDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CORN
The condition compared to an average of five years is in North
Georgia 102 Middle Georgia 96 Southwest Georgia 93 East
Georgia 96 Southeast Georgia 99 and in the whole State 97
WHEAT
The yield or prospective yield in many of the counties of North
Georgia is reported much above the average of five years In
Gordon county it is given at 118 in Catoosa Chattooga Hall
Murray Pickens Rabun and Inion from lit to 110 in Bartow
Dade Floyd and Gwinnett from 102 to 104 The average for the
section is 95 The reports from Middle Georgia are not so favor
able only two counties reporting the prospective yield above an
average while that of the section is 75
The prospective yield for the whole Sate is 84 which is 14 points
higher than the reports of last years crop cm the 1st of June
OATS
The yield or prospective yield is in North Georgia 80 in Mid
dle Georgia 56 in Southwest Georgia 68 in East Georgia 74
in Southeast Georgia 80 and in the whole State 72
Only ten counties in the State report an average yield of
these there are five in North Georgia two in Middle one in East
and two in Southeast Georgia
COTTON
The stand compared to a good stand is in North Georgia 99 in
Middle Georgia 95 in Southwest and in East Georgia 97 in
Southeast Georgia 98 and in the whole State 97 The stand is 14
points better than was reported for that of last year at this date
The condition and prospect in North Georgia 102 in Middle
Georgia 97 in East Georgia 95 in Southeast Georgia 99 and
the whole State 99
FBUIT
There is little difference in the report of fruit crop from that of
the first of May There is almost an entire failure of the peach in
most of the northern counties but about half a crop in the south
ern part of the Slate
The prospective yield of apples is reported 62 per cent pears
47 per cent and grapes 97 per cent or nearly a full cropCONSOLIDATION OF EEPOET FOE JUNE 1887
Corn Oats W7ii Cotton Sorghm Sugar Cane Irish Sweet Potatoes Potatoes Rice Ground Peas Melons Fruit TTooi
6 Ofi pa ce oS bo 2 s it u 6 S a so OJ bo 3 bo S 43 QJ b 0 0 fcC CO u 0 oi I be bo c3 be
as i a o ss C s S3 33 T3 ss si d 03 03 c3 oS oS 63 3 E
Woi 2d a c u a o 9 0 d as d d 03 C be 3d a S3 a 3 a C3 d S3 d sS d oS 5 oi
GO G O t t1 sa S o a o B Q O o o o o V tQg k sa o 2 4 bJD 03 3 03 O o a QJ O 01 Ph o Is p ga a c I8 e a CO 8s a o a o c 3 0 o O 3 d o aS Q O 03 a 0 o o a CO Yield or prospective compared to T3 o a a p 0 So u a o H 33 a o o O B g s c bo fc 93 o a c a o 1 2 0 i8 g8 Oi o i g6 It a O oS St d a g P 5 On a g S r ft ft3 c3 Q 03 a p o
North Georgia 103 Sfl n 95 0 99 10 07 92 99 99 93 11 51 30 100 93
Qfi it s 88 71 99 8 103 71 17 47 36 95 90
93 68 96 7 4 0 90 7 1 111 97 97 96 95 68 96 96 91 97 92 77 71 91 97 87 93 97 100 00 00 00 36 71 02 91 92
17 93 88
99 80 0 98 9i 100 99 100 70 97 91 109 94 53 74 62 96 97

Average for State L887 07 72 2 84 3 97 98 01 93 94 76 97 8 102 92 35 62 17 97 92
Average for State 1886 95 71 70 S4 S7 01 89 92 Of 92 90 95 90 75 71 71 95 88

5
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EC
H6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PROFITS OF THE MARKET GAKDEN
The correspondents of the Department have been requested to
name the market garden products that have proved most remune
rative and to give the average yield and net profits per acre of
such crops The following notes are in response to this request
NORTH GEORGIA
CatoosaThe strawberry crop has proved to be a very remunerative crop
again this year bringing in several thousand dollars to Walker and Cotoosa
counties at a time when money is scarce John B Henderson
Strawberries are the best paying crop in this locality This season the crop
is short but prices have ruled high It pays from 25 to 5100 per acre
John Bird
DadeI believe grapes will pay best in this county G A R Bible
PanninProfits per acre with cabbage 100 onions 50 S Higdon
GilmerThis county is well adapted to garden or truck farming The
cabbage onion and turnip are the most remunerative The strawberry anI
tomatoe would pay well if we had a local market My estimate is that an
acre in cabbage or onion would pay more net profits than any field crop
N L Osborn
HaralsonWe have but one truck farmer that I know of in this county
He makes a specialty of potatoes and turnips raising about 200 bushels of the
latter to the acre and realizes about 100 per acre from sales with a cost of 40
or 50 for labor fertilizers freight etc giving him a net profit of 50 or gliO
Per ilcre J W Bicuers
HartDiversified farming and that upon the intensive system seems to be
gaining much favor M M Ktchardson
MadisonI believe cotton pays about as well as anything take everything
into consideration It makes about six hundred pounds seed cotton to the
acre and is ready sale when you get it out Potatoes will make or bring more
money to the acre than cotton but you cant sell them for much until spring
and by that time they very often rot They will yield seventyfive bushels
per acre by good preparing but with the same preparation for cotton it will
make twelve hundred pounds seed cotton and much handier to dispose of
John T Patten
PauldingI think the Spanish ground pea will yield 30 bushels per acre
and make a paying market crop p p McBraykr
RabunThe average yield of Irish potatoes is about 300 bushels which
would net about fifty dollars if sold here We raise about 3000 heads of cab
bage per acre at an average of five pounds per head which would net about
75 This is when the land is highly fertilized P A BleckleyJUNE CROP REPORT1887
WalkerThe raising of strawberries peaches grapes and other fruits
and all kinds of vegetables is an important and profitable industry in the
northern part of Walker J A Clements
Sweet potatoes pay best They will yield one hundred bushels per acre
and usually bring one dollar per bushel The average yield would be forty
dollars per acre F M Young
WhitfieldThe gooseberry has several qualities to specially recommend
it First it is earlier surer and is subject to fewer casualties than other small
fruit crops Second they bear transportation better than any berry I have
made a test on the fractional part of an acre and find that with 160 bushes to
the acre at three years old will yield two gallons per bush or 320 gallons per
acre at 25 cents per gallon making 80 per acre J F Groves M D
I am not posted in matters under this head but think strawberries and
tomatoes pay best Beans in my section pay 200 per acre
W C Richardson
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BibbSweet potatoes are more generally raised for market than any other
crop though some years the market is overstocked The average yield is
seventyfive bushels profit about 25 In the lower portion of the county on
the gray lands many melons are raised the profit depending entirely on oarh
ness and quality of fruit from a loss up to 50 and sometimes as high as 75
per acre All other trucking is done by the market gardeners who as a rule
are much more successful than cotton raisers W D H Johnson
ButtsThe melon crop is the most remunerative of any crop we raise for
the early market H C Thaxton
CampbellIrish potatoes will yield from two to five hundred bushels to
the acre sweet potatoes from one to three hundred Melons both late and
early would pay a handsomer profit say from forty to fifty dollars per acre if
we could have immunity from the bugs Grapes also do well and many vege
tables J Beall
Watermelons are sometimes grown but with small if any profit Small
farms well tended is what we need to make our country thrifty
H N Cockran
ColumbiaOn the line of the railroad some have found watermelons quite
profitable Some have tried onionsthe sales for the first of the season was
quite satisfactory but as the season advanced prices dropped too low to be re
munerative Some raise the Georgia rattlesnake watermelon seed for sale
and sell to dealers in Augusta concluding they can use an average melon and
then get ten cents for the seed J J Walton
DeuglasSome raise sweet potatoes for the Atlanta market and make
75 to 100 per acre John G Maxwell
60DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
ElhertI raise melons for market planting in my cotton field with one
row melons and two of cotton and realize more money from the onethird in
melons than from the twothirds in cotton D M Carlton
Carroll Wi
make melons pay from fifty to sixty dollars per acre
M R Russell
Onions prove to he the most valuable of any vegetable that is made in a
garden for market From one to two hundred bushels can be raised on one
acre worth 190 to 200 per bushel b H Phillips
HarrisOnion with me have for several years proven to be most remun
erative truck patch of anything else the yield being at the rate of 200 to 250
bushels per acre giving a net profit of over 200 per acre The variety raised
is known as the Button or Tree onion planted in September and harvested
and marketed the following June at a time when money with the average
farmer of this section is scarce j g Pate
We live too far from market to make a business of selling garden products
However Irish and sweet potatoes turnips watermelons beans etc yield
abundantly in this section also ground peas Fiynn Hargett Jr
There has been more ground peas planted in this section than ever before
and arc mostly the Spanish peanuts They are the best 1 ever saw
W D Cook
NewtonOnions with me are the most profitable truck crop Sow seed in
August snd you can raise your own sets Gray land will yield from 150 to
200 bushels per acre and are leadily sold for one dollar per bushel
E McCONNELL
OuONEE Melons net profit 61
potatoes Irish 200 onions 200
tomatoes 80
potatoes sweet 00
James C Wilson
PikeA few years ago the writer grew about one hundred bushels of Irish
potatoes for market realizing a fine profit therefrom The next vear I raised
about four hundred bushels and could hardly sell them at all However this
year I have had quoted to me from Cincinnati very fine prices but have none
t0 shir E W Ross
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BEOOKSMelons Irish potatoes strawberries peas beans radishes and
cukes all pay well here much depends on location and knowledge of manner
of planting culture and manuring and greatest of all the sorting packing and
getting into market in good condition r J Denmark
DoughertyCoI 1 Fort three years ago engaged largelv in truck
farming he raised principally for the seed He went into it largely on several
of his plantations and gave it a thorough and practical test and after a trial
lor two or three year abandoned it as unprofitable being too far to market
We have no home market c nsequently truk farming will not pav No oneJUNE CROP REPORT1887
else has engaged in truck farming to any extent J R Forester and others
are largely engaged in raising watermelons Some make money and others
lose Provision crops have been largely increased in this county and better
cultivated than in ten years Less rain fall than since 1875 rains have fallen
last week L DoziER
EarlyWatermelons are the only thing marketed from our county and
the acreage will be less this year as there were losses last with most of the ex
perimenters D M Wade
Houston Watermelons paid so little if anything clear last year that there
is a falling off in acreage at least 50 per cent With strawberries the average
has increased this year and I have no doubt will continue to increase
Wm J Anderson
LowkdesMelons are grown extensively Remunerative net per acre
from nothing to 7600 Cukes grow also profitable Sweet and Irish potatoes
are very remunerative Same parties are engaged exclusively in raising vege
tables J A Dasher
MitchellMelons are the only things that have paid anything like well
in this section Cukes have been a complete failure so far as any profit is con
cerned The egg plant has not been tried sufficiently but your correspondent
is of the opinion that this fruit can be successfully grown and handled in this
section The melon crop bids fair this summer to yield 50 per acre The egg
plant I am of the opinion would do quite as well There is nothing being
cultivated here in the line of your inquiries to any extent except the melon
The cantelope yields well and might be made profitable The pear in our
county is considered a failure by many but not all J B TwiTTY
TerrellIrish potatoes and melons have paid best in my county being
about fifty dollars per acre Elijah Belflower
ThomasThe experiment in truck farming so far is very unsatisfactory
owing no doubt to some extent to the inexperience of farmers in the business
E L Neal
WorthSugar cane is our most paying crop average yield 350 gallons
worth forty cents per gallon 140 Sweet potatoes next average yield 200
bushels per acre worth fifty cents 100 Melons next average yield 800 per
acre worth ten cents 80 Cotton next 250 pounds of lint per acre worth
eight cents 20 W A Hall
EAST GEORGIA
JkffersoxIntensive farming is becoming the rage now This is as it
should be It is a great saving of time and labor to raise a large crop on a
small area and where it is done largely in grain you can see a plenty of fine
looking stock and there is less money paid for supplies 1 F Adkins
TelfairVery little truck farming in the county for the market except
1210
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGBOKG1A
melons and reports from those who were engaged in raising and shipping
them the last season was a failure in consequence of high freights and commission
and the low price Many did not pay expenses of gathering and shipping
Wm P Williams
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
BryanIt is almost impossible to give any reliable data as to truck farm
ing in this county There is not enough of it done here It has been at
tempted and generally abandoned for two reasons Eirst lack of a cheap
certain quick transportation Second want of an opening for the disposition
of surplus crop left over after shipping seasons are over If the transportation
problem was solved for us the disposition of surplus would be or very fre
quently so what would turn the scale for or against us in balancing our
account of profit and loss Lying between Florida on one side and Carolina
on the other our shipping season is always short and generally a large portion
of certain crops are left on hand for which there is no market
Here and everywhere in the State canning factories located near gardening
centres could work up surplus crops These factories dont pay much but
enough for otherwise unsaleable crops to enable trucking to be carried on at
some profit ordinarily andat other times to prevent serious financial disaster
Philip D Cary
GlynnWhereas Irish potatoes have not made a full crop this year I con
sider it one of the best crops that a farmer can plant I gathered from three
fourths of an acre fifty bushels of fine potatoes at 165 per bushel58250
deduct for labor and guano 1000total 6050 I now have the same land
in sweet potatoes and with good seasons expect to realize 100 bushels which at
50 cents per bushel and the above net pounds 5000 of Irish potatoes 0650
total 11050 J R Dorflinqer
PierckSugarcane I will state is the best money crop By fertilizing
pretty high you can make 150 per acre J R Wixn
LibertyWith deep and thorough preparation of soil say twenty inches
well broken drained and fertilized in the early winter almost all garden crops
will do well here even with a dry spring The system practiced by unskilled
adventurers of only utilizing four inches of top soil with still cold water just
beneath will result in failure nine times out often A J Hkmdrix
68JUNE CROP RKPORT1887
11
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS JUDGED BY THE PAST
BY PROF GEORGE V1LIE
Translated by Miss E L Howard
Continued from May Crop Report
There is a great difference between the elements composing the manure and
those of the crop Is it in the mineral elements The manure contains more
than the crops Is it in the organic elements The manure contains much
less than the crops
But if these facts are plainly shown in what are called cultivated crops
where the restitution is made by manure how is this effected in the particular
case of the meadow There manure is not used the restitution is by irriga
tion In this case however the returns are as well maintained as in cultivated
crops It is curious to know how this restitution is made
Analyses oi water show nitrogenous compounds like ammonia the nitrates
and the different minerals but not one trace of hydrocarbonaceous matters
analogous to the blackish matter that manure contains
And nevertheless the average return from the meadow is maintained with
no less fixity than from those soils that are manured
The conclusion from all this is evident and forced The manure does not
give the crops but a part of the carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen which
they contain
There is always in the crops an overplus of these four bodies at least equal
to that which the manure contains and which is supplied from some other
source
From what source does it originate
On this point there is no hesitation Air and water Air as a source of
carbon and nitrogen water as a source of hydrogen and oxygen
And what do I invoke as affirmative of this declaration The example of
the meadow kept up by irrigation and sustained solely by the intervention of
the mineral and nitrate substances which the water held in solution and which
represents hardly two or three hundredths of the weight of the crop Conse
quently the responsibility of the first idea that the restitution effected by
manure is but a partial restitution rests entirely on practical experience It is
not science which affirms this but a ten times consecrated practice Science
only steps in to say the restitution is entire in minerals and only partial in
organic elements
Of the four organic elements of manure three fulfill but a secondary function
these three are carbon hydrogen and oxygen which are represented in manure
by the litter and that part of the plant which has not been altered by the diges
tive action of the animal These matters I repeat have almost no fertilizing
value
We add to the testimony of the meadow a second testimony whose grandeur
6412
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
I may say majesty singularly over rules all dissentient testimony and this is
given us by geology
What does geology say
That the first beings which made their appearance on the surface of the
globe were vegetal that the deposits so powerful by the oil and coal we are
now using for our wants as a source of heat come from this primitive vegeta
tion that at this remote period plants attained dimensions which they have
lost that the Calamites and Lepidodendron which formed the forests of thi
epoch rose to a heighth of thirty to forty feet and are now represented in our
present Flora by humble plants club mosses and Lycopodes that do not grow
more than three feet tall
At this remote period however the earth contained neither humus nor
manure both of which presuppose an anterior generation Consequently
taking agricultural tradition as a whole whether acting with manure or by
irrigation we are led to the same conclusion and that is that the hydrocar
bonaceous matters supposing them to be useful play but a very secondary
part since neither the meadow nor the primitive vegetation required them
tor they prospered well without them But if those facts are true how can we
understand the constitution and functions of manure What relation is there
between manure and the law of restitution which we cannot avoid and the
nonobservance of which law brings sterility to the soil
The following table answers this question better than any long explanation
WnSr11 f use the IUts
Carbon680 So 1319 in woody stalks whose ele
Hydrogen082 merits originated from air and wa
OxygeniST I ter
Silica432
Chlorine004 So 507 of secondary minerals with
Sulphuric Acid018 which the soil is superabuntly pro
Oxvdc of Iron034 vided and which we need not give
Sodanote i it
Magnesia 034 J
Nitrogen041
Phosphoric Acid018 So iri with which the soil is sup
Potash04 plied but in limited quantities and
Lime056 1 in which essentially rests the effi
i cacy of manure
100 1
In one hundred parts of manure we find in the tirst place SO parts of water
Now water is evidently not the cause of its efficacy Then we come to 1329
of carbon hydrogen oxygen represented by the refuse of the litter and that
part of the feed which the digestion of the animal has not disorganized The
meadow is here to prove that it is not in these parts which gives manure its
activity
Besides thesewe find in manure o07 represented by silica chlorine sulphur
iie acid oxyde of iron soda magnesia and we say these products are of insig
nificant value for the simple reason that the poorest soils are almost always
superabundantly provided with them
Finally there remain of these four bodies 164 or in round numbers 2 in
06JUNE CROP REPORT1887
13
100 Nitrogen Phosphoric Acid Potash and Lime of which we compost the
chemical fertilizers and which we find again only in the waters which are
sufficient to keep up the meadow and which were the sole food of the vegeta
tion of the primitive ages
What then is the difference between he chemical fertilizers and manure
In form volume and composition and this difference is very significant for
what there is in manure above and beyond this is but a mass of no value
Are you still doubtful as to what I said of the secondary minerals silica
chlorine oxyde of iron etc Do you think it arbitrary to exclude them from
the chemical fertilizers and then dispute their good effects in manure
To keep true to the plan I traced out I cannot call direct experience as a
witness I must draw all the elements of my demonstration from the facts
which were anterior to us
But we obtain these facts by comparing the composition of the manure the
crops and the soil taking an acre as a unit of comparison
Manure and crop per acre
Depth of arable land spread over the surface of an acre
What was the result from this parallel
That the soil contained the minerals of the second group in enormous quan
tities and they showed but a few hundredths in the crop and in the manure
In suppressing these minerals we do not commit an arbitrary act we only
give the soil the credit which we give air and water when we speak of carbon
hydrogen and oxygen
Either J am under a delusion or else a clear conviction it seems to me must
penetrate your minds
You see what points we have in common with the past in what we continue
her work and in what we differ from her
The point we have in common is the necessity of giving back certain agents
to the earth The past did not know the real nature of these agents but guided
by observation she found in them three sources manure the fallow and irri
gation We recognize the justice of the principle but we contend against the
necessity of holding to the methods of the past There is nothing absolute in
these methods they are corelative to certain social conditions The system
of culture suited to the ideas of one epoch their economic conditions the price
of manual labor the interest on money and the burdens resting upon the pop
ulation are not suited to another epoch There is but one immovable point
and that one is the necessity of giving back to the soil a part of what it lost in
the formation of its crops Whether it is better to use manure or a fertilizer
drawn from abroad is a secondary matter provided the law of restitution is
faithfully observed
But in this matter we must be clear and decided
I affirm without hesitation that in the majority of cases the chemical fer
tilizer offers more advantages than manure and that manure should never be
used without the addition of chemical fertilizers
6614
UKPA KTM ENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The reason for this addition will be shown later When I said there was no
difference between the chemical fertilizer and manure but in appearance and
form that manure owed its efficacy not to the blackish matter originating from
decomposition of litter but to the nitrogen phosphoric acid potash and lime
I stated a rigorously exact fact but I left open an objection which should be
met
It may well be said tome Jt is true these four bodies are the principle
source if not the sole source of the efficacy of manure but their good effect is
due to the especial form in which they are presented in manure and which is
different from that in which they appear in the chemical fertilizer
This objection sounds a reasonable one
To refute this it is sufficient to show under what form the nitrogen phos
phoric acid potash and lime are found in manure
The manure you know gentlemen is made both from animal digestion and
their litter There is one fact which no one disputes and that is that the most
active part of the animal excrement is urine Now what is there in urine
In the first place a large quantity of a crystalized body whose nitrogen is so
proportioned that it represents onethird of that which is contained in the food
of the animal
This is the urea so closely allied by its chemical nature and its fertilizing
properties to ammoniac salts With the urea we find uric acid and hippuric
acid both equally rich in ammonia and largely endowed with fertilizing
power then phosphoric acid combined with lime and magnesia and salts of
potash
We find finally an albuminoid matter which separates itself spontaneously
from the urine when in contact with the air and which determines by its
change the conversion of the urea into carbonate of ammonia The uric acid
itself shares in this transformation and finally the fermented
resented by ammonia phosphates and salts of potash
Now of what are chemical fertilizers composed
Of ammonia phosphates and salts of potash and lime So there is an iden
tity of constitution between the parts recognized as most active in manure and
in chemical fertilizers
It is true there still remains the sclid excrement Slightly active at the time
of production it acquires great efficacy by the decomposition produced by con
tact with the air a sort of continuation of the digestive process which ends by
converting their nitrogen into ammonia and rendering the minerals more
soluble which it contains
Consequently the last argument which can be brought forward to oppose us
is reduced to nothing by the severest analysis of urine and solid excrement
So there is no difference between the chemical fertilizer and manure except in
appearance and volume But if matters stand thus why condemn us to the
burden of producing manure if we can so easily procure a chemical fertilizer
Jt is useless to bring forward the physical action of manure the meadow is
present to prove this not indispensible
67
urine can be repJUNE CROP REPORT1887
15
Facing the irresistible character of this demonstration you will be tempted
to say to me If the use of chemical fertilizers is so fully proved true by the
past where is its novelty
Take care gentlemen not to be confused on this point To explain history
as I do I must ask the doctrine of chemical fertilizers to give us the facts of
which the history of the past gave us the true signification Before this prac
tice summed up her law by saying make manure
The southern countries so wanting in forage and the lower plains of Nor
mandy and Cottenten where the dominant culture is in meadow were equally
subjected to this law
The doctrine of the chemical fertilizer says on the contrary give the soil
more phosphate of lime more potash more lime and the half of the nitrogen
you took from it
If your locality is suited to stock raising raise stock and give back to the
soil the manure you took from it
If the country is too dry and not suited to much stock raising restrict tin1
production of manure keep only animals necessary for preparing the soil and
for consuming such parts ot the crops as will not sell bring what fertilizer
you need from some other point
The law is to manure heavily economically and conformably to the laws
which I will soon give you
Past agriculture rested upon inflexible conditions a certain equilibrium
between the meadow and the cereals and an almost invariable order in the
succession of the crops
Now the doctrine of chemical fertilizers says to the contrary with a perma
nent importation of fertilizer agriculture throws off these trammels The
object and the sole object is profit
Freed from all restraints agriculture can speculate indifferently either in
stock raising or in selling crops
Working by such rotation as she will she recognizes no other law than the
need of giving the soil the acid phosphate potash lime and nitrogen the crops
require
The origin of this restitution is not now the question it is a question of
money and not of agriculture If you hesitate in following me let me show
you how science has succeeded in penetrating into the play of the forces of
which vegetation is the seat in defining its methods and in specifying tin1
functions of all the agents which concur in their formation
But we will keep this study for our next meeting So far I have tried sim
ply to explain the history of the past by the light of the science of today To
do this I cast aside all thought of controversy But my task is only half
filled I must still bring you face to face with our practical wants and show
you that if agriculture touches in its work on the greatest interests of society
she solves by her methods a problem that the science of our time has the honor
of making practical If I have not succeeded in carrying conviction to your
minds I ask this of you that you do not hasten to a conclusion
I wish to make truths speak without forcing conclusions showing truths as
they are or at least as they appear to me but I have another task to me a
most familiar one to fulfill I stand face to face with vegetal life and say to
her Whence comest thou In what form clothest thou tnyself
I then make you judge of the testimony that experience has consecrated
of the results which cultivation has plainly shown
Then gentlemen you can pronounce in the power of your independence if
you decide to condemn and repulse this new doctrine or establish it by your
vote and share in my belief in the future with a belief equally strong with
my own
68THE
GEORGIA STATE FAIR
HELD ANNUALLY AT
MACON GEORGIA
Opening October 24tn 1887 and Continuing One Week
12000 IN CASH PREMIUMS
To the County making the best and largest display of agricultural product home indus
try a cash prize of 3100000 is offered county making the second best display 50000
Third best display J25000
To the individual making the best and largest display 10000 second SoOOO third
J2500 and a larger number of smaller premiums than ever before
THE FAIR OF 1887
promises to be the grandest Exhibition ever held in Georgia The citizens of Macou are
alive to the fact that the STATE FAIR is the most beneficial enterprise to the State and
city and every man is at work New hotels and boarding houses will be built to accom
modate the large crowds and every man woman or child can find accommodations in
the city The Railroads will give cheap rates A larger number of attractions than ever
before will be procured Agriculture is the basis of all prosperity and the Fairs do more
to stimulate industry than all other agencies
For Premium List and further particulars address
E C GRIER Secy
MACON GA
R J POWELL Treasurer
Barnesville Ga
L F LIVINGSTOM President
Covington Ga
ROBERT A NISBET General Supt
Maeon Ga
E J GRIER Secretary
Macon GaCircular No 92
New Series j
SEASON OK 188687
Analyses Commercial Values
STATISTICS
01
Commercial Fertilizers
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
DURING THE SEASON OF 188687
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OP THE STATE OP GEORGIA
ATLANTA GA
CONSTITUTION PUBLISHING CO
1887Circular No 92
New Sekies

ANALYSES COMMERCIAL VALUES AND STATISTICS
OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia
During the Season of 188687
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga June 20 1887
EXPLANATION OP THE TABLES OP ANALYSES
The tables commencing on a succeeding page give the analyses and the calcula
ted Relative Commercial Values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale in this State during the season of 188687
values or elements
The usual correspondence has shown no material change in the market value or
the valuable ingredients of fertilizers since last season Therefore the scale of
elemental values will remain the same as that of the season of 18856 as follows
744 DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEEGEOEGIA
Available Phosphoric Acid7J cents per pound
Ammonia16 cents per pound
Potash K 05 cents per pound
These three elements are all that are taken into account in estimating the value
of a fertilizer The commercial value of any fertilizer will depend on the amount
and relative proportion of these elements that are found by analyses to be present
in the fertilizer
THE RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUE
of a fertilizer is found by multiplying the number of pounds of the valuable
elements in a ton by the price above fixed for each element and adding all
together Eelative commercial values are generally safe indicators of the com
parative agricultural or practical values of different fertilizers to the farmer and
they are calculated and published as a guide to the farmer in making his selection
A high relative commercial value generally indicates high quality and vice versa
STANDARD REQUIRED BY LAW
The law prohibits the sale of an ammoniated superphosphate unless the manu
facturer or dealer shall guarantee that it contains not less than two 2 per centum
of ammonia and eight 8 per centum of available phosphoric acid and of an acid
phosphate unless there be a guarantee of not less than ten 10 per centum of
available phosphoric acid These per centages must also be shown to be present
by the official analysis of the State Chemist
Eight per centum of available phosphoric and two per centum of ammonia
will give in a ton
Available Phosphoric Acid160 pounds
Ammonia40 pounds
Ttal200 pounds
These two elements in not less than the amounts just stated are all that a fer
tilizer is required by law to contain Such a fertilizer is commonly called a
Standard Fertilizer or Georgia Standard by the trade The relative com
mercial value of a fertilizer is easily calculated when the analysis is known
Take for instance a fertilizer that has the following analysis
Available Phosphoric Acid1120 per cent
Ammonia230 per cent
Potash K O150 per cent
Now 1120 per cent of 2000 pounds 1 ton is 224 pounds phos
phoric acid at 7J cents per pound 16 80
And 230 per cent of 2000 pounds is 46 pounds of ammonia at 16
cents per pound 7 36
And 150 per cent of 2000 pounds is 30 pounds of potash at 5
cents per pound 1 50
Total 25 66
A shorter method of calculating relative commercial values is as follows taking
the same supposed analysis
75ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 5
Available Phosphoric Acid1120x1 12 16 80
Ammonia230x3 15 7 36
Potash150x1 1 50
Total 25 66
This rule is to multiply the percentage of phosphoric acid by 1J multiply the
percentage of ammonia by 3 15 and the percentage of potash by 1 The product
in each case is dollars and cents and the sum of the three products is the value of
a ton of the fertilizer
76TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals Etc Inspected Analyzed
and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188687
TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphate of Lime
NAME OP BRAND
Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
pAmericus Ammd Bone Superphosphate
Alkaline Guano
i Ashley Soluble Guano
Ashley Cotton and Corn Compound
Ashley Small Grain Specific
Ashepoo Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Atlantic Fertilizer
Auroa Ammoniated Phospho
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Amruted Dissd Bone Horse Shoe Brand
A O Murphys Soil Test
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Arlington for Cotton and Grain
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Acme Fertilizer
Acme F rtilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
xA O C Ammoniated Guano
ttAeme Guano
Baldwin k Co Cotton Fertilizer
Buffalo Bone Guano
Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer
1100
1200
1050
1500
1125
1500
1200
1225
1050
1500
1150
00
1200
1180
825
1150
1125
1275
1300
1125
11 25
625
1000
1210
1500
550
900
1210
175
005
225
185
090
lio
L20
230
I HO
2rr
1185
135
380
310
1511
250
111
175
100
105
320
1 10
100
125
145
100
250
915
900
550
010
7Ill
640
875
800
810
055
085
700
700
785
725
475
750
7 10
050
075
000
0
805
710
615
1110
620
1101 826
205
20
575
1
4
4
1
2
245
320
230
260
240
220
205
640
290
260
235
145
410
335
325
215
305
205
300
190
1120
1220
1125
10 05
1115
1070
1010
1055
10
975
915
960
1000
1005
930
1115
1040
970
885
920
1010
1020
11 30
9 25
9 20
1315
9 201
1015
300
225
220
290
265
220
270
210
255
215
275
200
260
305
230
245
220
265
2 45
210
2 20
245
210
212
212
250
255
235
125
250
235
245
200
260
220
215
200
160
300
18
200
1 75
155
175
225
240
200
110
22
215
125
110
250
150
2765
2800
2627
2771
2721
2569
2599
2470
2599
2311
2553
2265
25 32
24 84
2300
2612
2439
25 28
2352
2252
2359
25o
2582
2190
2168
2773
2446
2425
50
200
200
25
25
25
100
150
101
50
101
425
72
100
50
10
10
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Williams Clark Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan G
Rounsaville Bro Rome
A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
A O Murphy Barnsville Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
Slingluff Co Baltimore
10 M E Ewing Lawrenceville Ga
10 Smith Gilchrist Wilmgton N C
100 St Julien Ravinel Atlanta Ga
500 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
500 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
200 Wallace Wallace Augusta Ga
100 Savannah Guano Co Savannah
500 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
200 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
100 Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
Mfd for Adair Bros Co Detroit
Williams Clark Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Jno Merryman Co Barren I N Y
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Northwestn Fertilizer Co Chicago III
Northwestn Fertilizer Co Chicago 111
A O Murphy Barnesville Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Acme Fertilizer Co Wilmington N C
Acme Fertilizer Co Wilmington N C
Pendleton Gnano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Furman Farm ImprovemtCo E Pt
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
fj
t
W
H
K
H
O
4
t
w
HI
Q
a
H
a
w
tsl
I
o
w
Q

11
timiuajb

Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissd Bone
Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime
Bone Compound
Bryton Ammd Bone Superphosphate
Bonanza Fertilizer
Bates Georgia Standard Guano
NBradleys Carolina Fertilizer
Coweta High Grade Fertilizer
Cairo Guano
Chesapeake Guano
Colquitt Georgia Standard Guano
Colquitt High Grade Guano
Champion Ammoniated Superphosphate
ftCaswells Eagle Ammoniated Bone
Chatham Guano
Cranes Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
Caswells Eagle Ammoniated Bone
Chattahoochee Guano
C L M Co Ammoniated Bone
Cumberland Bone Co Supcrphos of Lime
Crown Guano
dCreseent Bone Fertilizer
Crown Guano
03 Cotton Seed Compound
Clarks Soluble Guano
Capitol Cotton Fertilizer
Colquitts Georia Standard Guano
Colquitts Georgia Standard Guano
Carroll Co High Grade Guano
1550
1450
1200
1200
1125
740
1225
650
1425
1300
500
675
1090
750
1250
1150
1400
650
1500
1350
1400
1400
1115
900
1225
1250
820
820
825
Colquitts Georgia Standard Guano
Colgate Manure
Cranstons Compound for Cotton and Corn
Colquitts High Grade Guano
Cranstons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer
Dissolved Bone Carolina
fcDixie Guano
Dissolved Animal Bone
Davy Crockett Guano
Dissolved Raw Bone Potash
Etiwan Ammoniated Superphosphate
Eutau Fertilizer
Etiwan Guano
Eclipse Guano
E Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphosphte
Eddystone Guanor
f Excelsior Guano
25
1350
1210
600
6
1225
1450
1400
1075
1030
1050
1050
1210
1625
1400
1050
1500
1400
145
275
100
200
150
225
075
250
285
220
100
110
250
300
100
200
210
225
150
325
165
175
320
11
285
105
125
240
210
310
150
125
140
200
210
150
225
125
036
ltO
475
125
160
400
185
300
110
975
820
700
850
650
665
7
610
4
475
900
900
885
975
925
810
845
620
675
750
700
860
525
710
7011
7
760
700
5011
COO
710
775
900
920
650
400
840
700
900
545
875
700
535
815
615
760
085
185
410
160
325
310
330
440
600
645
1
175
115
1 65
150
300
195
3
305
2
220
140
580
1060
1005
1110
1010
975
975
1110
1050
1080
1120
1080
1075
1000
1140
1075
1110
1040
1000
980
1030
920
1000
1105
3 35
280
285
205
275
320
265
430
215
145
360
105
325
535
680
300
300
570
140
270
405
245
460
250
1045
980
1015
965
975
820
915
1030
925
920
1270
1025
975
935
1520
1000
1200
915
1015
970
940
1060
1075
1010
250
255
235
220
215
210
220
270
280
250
200
200
220
245
240
265
250
200
215
235
240
225
2
210
250
230
200
200 280
225 220
215
224
212
237
243
260
200
265
210
249
243
220
265
305
245
257
240
205
45
25
00
50
70
55
2
75
85
to
75
75
85
lOO
215
215
0
220
275
2540
2454
2547
244
2447
2310
2570
2629
2661
2005
2420
2435
2374
2049
2606
2688
2545
2480
2333
2472
2883
2520
2609
2455
2350
24
2303
2583
2160
2276
2370
2190
2188
2782
2590
2413
2381
2952
2380
3087
2217
2586
2591
2364
2597
2526
2391
250
000
loo
20
100
100
150
200
100
200
10
10
20
50
100
100
100
100
200
250
120
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Bradley Fertilizer CoBoston Mass
W H M Goulding Baltimore Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
L M Bates Griffin Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
H H Colquitt Atlanta Ga
20
10
80
160
100
25
50
200
10
200
100
120
25
10
100
6
50
100
100
500
100
812
200
H H Colquitt Atlanta Ga
P S Chappell Son Baltimore
TD Caswell Augusta Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
A N Davenport LaGrange Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Gi
Charles Ellis Savannah Ga
Treadwell Abbott Co Atlanta
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Treadwell Abbott Co Atlanta
Thos M Swift Prest Blberton Ga
Southn Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
1 W Travers fe Co Richmond Va
L F Edwards Crawford Ga
Jarrell Haire Co Crawford
Kramer Mandeville Carrollton
Ga
W N Gatchell West Point Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Cranston Alexander Augusta Ga
Hood Harper Harmny Grove Ga
Cranston Alexander Augusta Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Raisin Fertilizer Co BaltimoreMd
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
James M Smith Pleasant Hill Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
W H M Goulding Baltimore Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Read Co New York
The Griffin Fertilizer Co Griffin Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair
MaconGa Macon Ga
Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair
P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C
J R Crane Elizabethport N J
T D Caswell Charleston S C
LaGrange Oil Mfg Co LaGrange
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me
Bowker Fertilizer Co New York
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Manufd for Treadwell Abbott Co
Charleston S C
Elbert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
S W Travers Co Richmond Va
L F Edwards Crawford Ga
Jarrell Haire Co Crawford Ga
Kramer Mandeville Carrollton Ga
West Point Fertilizer Co West Point Ga
ChemicalCo of Canton Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Hood Harper Harmony Grove Ga
Cranston Alexander Augusta Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
James M Smith Pleasant Hill Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
E Frank Coe Barren Island N Y
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga

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o
K
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W
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IS
fed
W
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I
ti
00
00
fTABLE No 1Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Enoree Fertilizer
Empire Guano
Edisto Aminoniated Fertilizer
fcExcelienza Guano
aFarmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
dForest City Ammd Dissolved Bone
Furmans High Grade Fertilizer
Farmers Friend Fertilizer
iVFarmers Favorite
co irtiilt Edge Guano
Gibbs Gos High Grade Amd Phosphate
Georgia Test Guano
Gossypium Phospho
dGarrett Zellars Amd Dissolved Bone
oGarretts Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
dGa State Standard Amd Superphosphate
Georgia Pacitic Guano
fcGiant Guano
Gowd Luck Guano
Gem Guano
ZGarneit Stubb Cos Amd Bone Supeip
Houghs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
pHarle Cos Raw Bone Superphosphate
Homestead Guano
dHardees Cotton Boll
Home Mixture Guano
dHightower Cos Damascus Am DisBone
fcHope Guano
J J Sparks Bone Kainit Compound
aJack Thompsons Cotton Fertilizer
dJack Thompsons Amd Dissolved Bone
Jonahs Gourd Guano
1410
1400
1590
1400
1050
1400
1320
1275
1225
815
1350
850
121111
750
750
300
1400
13110
1400
1300
1250
1400
820
1200
850
1400
775
1400
1400
1250
1050
1400
925
140
225
140
225
225
175
llll
140
075
215
105
285
200
075
07i
150
175
245
225
100
220
175
200
005
250
175
285
175
225
005
285
175
100
Phosphoric Add
900
400
605
400
815
860
735
650
780
020
700
715
800
820
820
910
860
720
400
715
400
860
025
900
810
860
700
860
400
700
815
860
800
2 20 1120
535
305 910
535
210
1 40
280
5 30
330
390
32
23c
220
3 00
3 on
1 45
140
2 50
535
390
0311
40
385
320
3 50
140
25
9 35
1025
1000
1015
1180
11 10
1010
1025
9 50
10 20
1120
11 20
1055
10 00
970
9 35
I I 05
10 o
10 X
1010
1220
II 60
10 00
10 25
1000
935
10 05
1025
1000
975
5
5

255
265
293
265
210
225
334
260
220
260
221
225
300
265
265
245
225
255
205
260
215
225
230
225
3 til
225
2811
225
265
212
210
225
225
215
1
095
in
280
235
211
210
360
140
210
190
190
170
300
110
130
220
250
300
230
250
2
g 3
2711
2381
2532
130 2381
025 223
2520
2872
2837
2579
2557
2620
22S5
2700
2718
2718
2537
2521
2381
2381
2710
2483
2520
2481
2800
2988
2520
2609
2520
2381
2485
2255
2520

300
17
3111
13H
300
I25
300
210 2393
50
50
250
100
200
250
40
110
50
20
10
1000
100
100
250
1000
300
75
20
100
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
50
200
500
L00
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
s c
Jno R Long Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Adair Bros Co Atlanta
Read Co New York
Bradley Fertilizer Co BostonMass
T R Raroepeck Decatur Ga
J H Jones Son Elberton Ga
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
G W Scott t Co Atlanta Ga
P Romare Atlanta Ga
P Romare Atlanta Ga
Paldwin Co Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull A Co Savannah
Tnpin Ogden Co Macon Ga
Raisin Ferlilizer Co Balimore
The R J Ruth Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Hammond I ull fc Co Savannah
Macon Oil Ferlilizer Co Macon
Ga
J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
Langston it Woodson Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus
Hammond HulUt Co Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
1001 Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Jno R Long Baltimore Md
Port Royal Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Furman Farm lniprovemt Co E Pt
Read Co New York
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
T R Ramspick D catur Ga
E J Powers Wiln ingion N C
Jno Merryman Co Barren Island NY
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta
Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta
Baldwin Co Port Roy 1 S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Roval S C
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
The R J Ruth Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baliimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Macon Oil Forlilzer Co Macon Ga
J W Harle Co N Y
Michigan Carbon Works DetroitMich
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Raiin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
G Ober Sous Co Baltimore Md
Port Royal Fenilizer Co Pi Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal 8 C
Butler Turner Camilla Ga

IS
hi

w
3
IS
H
O
S

0
W
M
Q
d
H
d
w
is
I

IS
o
0dJ E DeVaughns Amd Bone Superphos
J T Hunts Favorite
gj S Wood Bro Amd Dissolved Bone
fcl S Wood Bro Amd Dissolved Bone
J 0 Varnadoes Dissolved Amd Bone
IKramers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
ftKing Guano
Koton Gua o
Listers Ammoniat d Dissolved Bone
oLittles Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Lowes Georgia Formula
oL C Dis Bone with Amm and Potash
cL R Ammoniated Guano
iLockwood Cotton Grower
iL C Dissd Bone with Am and Potash
Listers Ammoniated Bone Phosphate
L R Ammoniated Guano
fcLion Guano
Marietta High Grade Guano
Mallett McCanlessBBB
wMasoott Guano
Matchless Cotton Grower
nn Mastodon Guano
o Miles I X L Amd Superphosphate
Matchless Blood Bone and Potash Guauo
Nassau Guano
Navassa Guano
Old Hickory Guano
Orange Growers Special
dOglethorpe Amd Dissolved Bone
aOld Reliable
Oriental Amd Bone Superphosphate
Old Dominion Guano
Oriental Bone Superphosphate
Our Own Guaro
Owl Brand Guano
Olympic Guano
Oriole High Grade Fertilizer
Planters Pride Guano
Potent Pacific Guano
Planters Soluble Bone
Pendleton Ammoniated Superphosphate
Patapsco Amd Soluble Phosphate
fcPotomac Guano
Pure Animal Bone High Grade Veg Fer
1400
900
1500
1400
1425
850
1400
650
960
1175
1080
1175
13
750
1375
1250
1550
1400
1325
750
1500
725
1075
1175
1425
1425
1250
940
1315
1400
1050
750
1450
1350
1400
450
1400
925
1350
1300
1450
1150
1275
1400
875
176
220
220
225
200
285
225
100
150
210
320
210
250
300
250
150
225
225
105
110
145
120
310
200
155
200
215
080
075
175
225
300
310
215
110
240
145
210
100
28
300
175
150
225
2751
860
700
400
400
610
715
400
820
615
910
800
910
825
975
865
700
700
400
945
710
615
910
815
900
750
850
550
745
870
860
815
975
650
850
760
325
890
660
950
715
625
710
680
400
8151
200
10 00
9 50
930
935
985
9 50
935
1220
985
1110
1020
1110
1015
1140
1010
10 25
935
935
11 15
11 15
920
1285
1025
11 05
10 20
1010
2 20
200
190
1 65
145
3 25
2
535
170
4 05
3 05
375
210
2 05
300
160
445
3 60 11 05
2 05
140
210
165
3 25
195
250
620
2
360
160
200
3 55
329
80
10 75
1000
1025
1140
9 75
1045
1010
945
1125
1020
1110
9
980
10 39
1060
535 935
185llOO0
225
200
265
265
225
225
261
200
285
240
240
240
240
245
220
245
205
265
285
300
212
240
240
245
245
220
275
273
450
225
210
245
235
245
205
200
255
230
290
245
220
300
225
265
300
180
125
130
220
140
130
190
100
200
2520
2245
2368
2381
2423
2285
2381
2660
2179
150
200
211
155
150
220
200
1
200
220
110
210
160
200
220
185
185
200
2633
2448
2633
2501
2649
2369
2542
2259
2381
2785
2853
2168
2922
2166
2642
2579
2404
2558
2730
690 610
3103
2520
2235
2649
2365
2552
2391
22
2714
2426
27
2332
2354
2718
2440
2381
4318
75
50
25
10
50
25
10
157
50
200
200
100
100
300
300
50
25
100
100
100
100
200
200
100
100
300
12
20
1000
100
50
300
100
300
10
150
30
100
20
200
100
100
25
40
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Cosveta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga
J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Jno Merrymau Co Batimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Rome Oil Mills Fertr Co Rome
Listers Agricultural and Chemical
Works Baltimore
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Listers Agl Chem Wks New Ark
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co BaltimoreMd
Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga
Paul Romare Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Jno D Weld Savaunah Ga
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Tenn
Wilcox Gibhs Guano CoSavannh
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
Maddox Rucker Co AtlantaGa
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Norton Vandiver Rome Ga
Ashepoo Prosphatc Co Charleston
Symington Bros Co Baltimore
Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co PtRoyal S C
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Kaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd
Jno Merryman Co Barren Isld NY
Itaisio Feitilizer Co Baltimore Md
Rome Oil Mills Fertilizer Co Rome
Baltimore
Listers Agricultural and Cheml Works
Manufactd for Langston Woodson
Elizahethport N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta
Listers Agl Cheml Wks New Ark
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga
GeorgiaChem Miug Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Orr Hunter Augusta Ga
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta
Orr Hunter New York
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizahethport
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Port Roval Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Port Royal Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
T D Caswell Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Davie Whittle Petersburg Va
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md
Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C

H
CO
tel
co
C
o
o
K
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fed
Q

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fed
H
tsi
ts
fed
COTABLE 1Continued
NAME OP BRAND
Pure Peruvian Guano
cPowhattan Raw Bone Superphosphate
Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate
Patapsco Guano
dPort Royal Cotton Fertilizer
iPalrons Amd Dissolved Bone
P D Feitilizer
Pelican Guano
oo Pomona Guano
Rabbit Foot Guano
Keck City Superphosphate
Bawls i Jerrys Dissolved Bone
Rawls Perrys Amd Dissd Bone for Corn
Rockdale Standard Ammoniated Guano
wRamspecks Ammoniated Bone Phosphate
Raw Bone Alkaline Superphosphate
jRoughtons Pet High Grade Guano
Reliance Ammoniate I Superphosphate
Sparks Raw Bone Alkaline Superphsphate
SlinglurTs Ammoniated Bone
Solid South Guano
Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime
Sunbeam Soluble Gucno
Sterns Amd law Boi e Superphosphate
jlSibleye Amd Dissolved Bone 630
Miowdens Cotton Compound 1220
Special Cotton Fertilizer 1180
eSouth American Guano 1550
eSoluble Sea Island Guano 1550
Stonewall High Grade Amd Guano 850
1000
1125
1225
815
1051
630
1100
1050
12511
1511
1250
025
011
Pliosphoric Acid
535
250
2
240
1
250
225
110
200
200
1 15
035
1 20
lK
215
210
200
465
200
180
100
220
110
205
200
1
185
300
800
125
400
825
750
810
800
805
S25
710
025
900
650
727
820
720
620
750
000
540
750
715
050
720
600
930
900
020
6851
475
475
685
2 75
260
295
3 00
305
571
5 71
505
250
170
205
3
210
5 70
505
205
600
600
3 90
1020
10 15
9 85
10 00
000
1010
1025
945
1030
1270
1015
1000
1080
11115
1010
1055
12 70
10
10
065
1120
9 25
10 25
1140
E

747
240
200
240
225
220
240
245
265
2 43
279
200
2
2 45
260
240
243
235
2 40
265
290
240
245
201
1270 243
11 25 230
0 50 200
1075 275
1075 275
1075 243
275
210
220
175
300
150
225
225
2011
100
121
2 80
090
200
210
215
100
160
215
250
1S5
285
220
250
100
0
300
160
160
250
fc5
4195
2501
2620
2443
252H
2300
2551
2427
27 8
8640
2420
2520
2507
2557
25CO
2782
2277
2506
2520
2705
2441
2542
2702
2782
2505
2365
2653
2053
2040
BY WHOM INSPECTED
25
10
100
300
1000
200
50
12
100
100
100
30
150
25
10
50
50
10
20
100
50
200
335
100
13
III
100
100
20
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Har mond Hull Co Savannah
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Peterson Co Fort Gaines Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
Gray Bros Augusta Ga
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Teun
Rawls Prry CuthbertGa
Rawls Perry Cuthbert Ga
Conyers Oil Fertilizer Co Con
yers Ga
T R Ramspeck DecaturGa
G Ober A Sons Co Baltimore Md
B E Rougbton Sandersville Ga
Walton Whann Co Charleston
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
TheAtlantnGuanoCo Atlanta Ga
Sterns Fertilizer and Chem Manu
facturing Co New Orleans
R P G T Sibley Augusta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
wsi rPrtiler Co Baltimore
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Imported by The Wilcox Gibbs Gu
ano Co Savannah Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Patapsco Guao Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
MTd for Langston Woodson Atlinta
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Alabama Fertilizer Co Montgomery
DjLeon Guano Co Pt Royal S C
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn
Rawls Perrv Cuthb rt Ga
Rawls Perry Cuthberti Ga
Conyers Oil Fertilizer Co ConyersGa
1 R Ramspeck Decatur Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Or Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Marietta Guano Co Marietla Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
c t tNew Orleans
Sterns Fertilizer Chem Mfe Co
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
1 aapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
iiaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
o
HrJ

W
H
K
rs
H
O

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ta
q
w
I
o
w
sSoluble Pacific Guano
Standard Amraouiated Bone
Stono Soluble Guano
fBaniana Guano
jSparksI X L Amd Bone Superphos
Standard Bone Superphosphate
Star Brand Guano
Special Cotton Fertilizer
Soluble Sea Island Guano
fcSouth American Guano
JSparks I X L Amd Bone Superphos
Sea Fowl Guano
iSterling Guano
Symington Ammoniated Bone
Slingluffs Dissolved Bone
Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime
The Carrollton Fertilizer
Turners Mixture
Tennessee Superphosphate
dTift Co Amd Superphosphate
2W A Briglnms Amd Dissolved Bone
dW T Lane Bro Amd Dissolved Bone
Walkers Gold Dust
Wilcox ct Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano
03 Wando Soluble Guano
to dWestons Amd Dissolved Bone
XXX Guano
Zells Amd Bone Superphosphate
IZelVs Calvert Guano
ZZells Amd Bone Superphosphate
ZZells Electric Guano
1125
1400
1175
1450
1500
1350
900
800
1400
1400
1400
1475
750
1375
875
1100
925
750
1100
1400
1400
1400
1125
1225
1400
1400
1600
1200
1175
1175
1175
Average
2251
LID
130
310
221
220
100
250
225
225
225
175
300
150
210
250
185
200
125
175
1 75
175
075
110
220
175
050
220
300
300
500
750
700
925
650
400
510
720
600
400
400
400
750
975
700
1005
705
600
120
841
860
860
810
900
615
815
8H0
100
655
650
650
650
255
250
245
3 25
530
610
365
320
65
65
30
40
310
410
500
230
140
1 40
1 40
2 25
290l
1005
1010
1170
95
930
1120
10 85
920
935
935
935
1015
11 40
930
12 45
1015
1010
920
10 70
1000
10 00
1000
1125
905
220
140
950
310
330
330
330
280
205
23i
2
215
200
240
255
265
265
265
260
245
235
300
235
300
3731
2551
225
225
200
220
125
150
125
135
220
3 30
1
130
130
120
155
26041
2391
2632
2365
2368
2455
2111
2526
2381
2381
2381
2475
2649
10 35
1000
1050
9 65
980
980
980
10 30
225
250
425
175
300
3 00
225 300
245 210
245
2401
225
224
220
250
250
250
245
200 2347
2828
2500
27251
2998
2596
25201
2520
2520
26
2447
2521
2520
2566
2302
2370
2370
2370
305
200
800
275
150
100
100
100
500 J O Mathewson Co Augusta
300 Savannah Guano Co Savannah
101 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
300 Maddox Kucker Co Atlanta
50 J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga
40 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
20 Cozart Burns Co Washington
10 P S Chappell Son Baltimore
100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
50 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
25 J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga
200 Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston
100 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
20 Symington Bros Co Baltimore
8 Boykin Carmer it Co Baltimore
115 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
50 Stewart Fain Carrollton Ga
5 Hatch Turner Milledgeville Ga
12 National Fertilizer Co Nashville
50 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
100 Hammond Hull Co Savh Ga
50 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
200 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
100 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
100 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
31 A E Thornton Atlanta Ga
20 Zell Guano Co Baltimore
10 Zell Guano Co Baltimore
10 Zell Guano Co Baltimore
25 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md
Pacific Guano Co Woods Hole Mass
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Kaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Allison Addison Richmond Va
P S Chappell 8on Baltimore Md
Baisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Baisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Baisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md
Boykin Cannerfc Co Baltimore Md
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Hatch Turner Milledgeville Ga
National Fertilizer Co NashvilleTenn
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S 0
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
I Wilcox t Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Tiopie Guano Co Elizabeth port N J
Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md

Kj
GO
El
GO
C
fed
c
c
K
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fe3
El
W
GOTABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals Etc
NAME OF BRAND
Ashley AmmoniateG Dissolved Bone
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate with Potash
Aeid Phosphate without Potash
Adairs Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Bone Ash
A T Heaths Soluble Bone
Acid Phosphate
M a Ashepoo Acid Phosphate
Ashley Dissolved Boue
Atlantic Floats
Atlantic Acid Pnosphate
Atiantic Dissolved Bone
Atlanta Soluble Bone
Acid Phosphate with Potash
Acid Phosphato
Alpha Soluble Boue and Potash
Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Brannons Soluble Guano
Bowkers Dissolved BoDe Phosphate
Baltimore Dissolved lione
Baltimore Dissolved Bone
Curacoa Guano Natural Phosphate
Chatham Acid Phosphate
Charleston Acid Phosphate
Cotton Brand High Grade Acid Phosphate
Concentrated Phosphate
Dissolved Bone Phosphate
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Ashepoo Phosphate Co harleston
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston 8
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston SC
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston SC
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
GeorgiaChemicl Wks Augusta Ga
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Tenn
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
Md
Slingluff Co Baltimore MM
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
Slingluff Co Baltimore
Slingluff Co Baltimore
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savii
feLeon Guano Co Savannnh Ga
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
J H Jones Sons Elberton Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
J 0 Mathewson Co Augusta
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosph te Co Charleston
Fnrman Farm Impt Co East Pt Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Atlantic PhosphteCo Charleston S C
Atlantic PhosphtcCo ChailestonS C
Atlantic Pin sphte Co Charleston SC
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Slingluff t Co Baltimore Md
Imptd by Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co
Savannah Ga
DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C
Stono Phosphate Co Chart ston S C
E J Powers Wilmington N C
Impd by Savh Guano Co Savh Ga
PaciBc Guano Co Charleston S C
b
N
H
H
O

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w
M
Q
a
H
e
W
W
I
o
c
w
0
Dried Blood
Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Diamond Soluble Bone
Dis olved Bone Ihoaptaate of Lime
Dodos Chemicals for Composting
Dissolved S C Bone
DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
D A Baker Cos Dissolved Bone
bEisto Acidulated Rock
b Edisto Dissolved B ne
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Amm nia ed Dissolved Bone
Ezcl s Disso ved Bone
eEnglish Dissolved Bone
Etiwan Acid Phosphate
uEutau cid Phosphate
Etiwan Diss Ived Bone
English Dissolved B ine XXX
Fnlish Aod Phos hate
Eagle Acid Phos hale
jKale Acid Phosphate
AE Frnnk Coes Acid Phosphae
iEooiee Acid Phosphate
Furman Farm ImptCo Acid Phospha e
Parish Fornans Formula
Fviimaii8 Ammooiated Soluble Bon
nGeorgia State Standard eid Phosphate
Georgia Stae Standard Disd Booe Phos
Ground Fish Scrap
dGroun I Bone Ammonia and Potash
G W Scott Co Best Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
Grays Cot on Fertilizer
High Grade Acid Phosphate
Higli Grade Acid Fhophate
pHightowers Cos Damascus Dissd Bone
Phosphate
High Grade Acid F hosphate
ftHigu Grade Acid Phosphate
890
1225
950
1200
1150
1225
1180
1050
1050
1200
1075
1275
1623
1400
1425
910
850
1375
142
1100
1225
1575
850
1150
1185
950
950
125
150
311
1 SO
185
085
165
150
150
135
050
060
100
065
1150
12
035
090
0S5
0
200
100
035
085
120
1
1375
S00
1100
900
750
1350
950
1250
1225
Home Fertilizer Chemicals
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
1250
1125
960
810
10 50
1135
820
11 15
1115
945
900
1275
11 45
900
1160
11 25
1400
1175
10 2U
12SO
1010
1125
1115
715
780
1210
175 1210
22H
2111
035
330
250
120
175
210
200
1S5
295
395
350
365
285
225
1080
143
1420
1355
11 60
1415
14 20
1045
295 1410
295
340
22
190
265
410
295
350
220
235
361
195
315
250
295
5
330
190
190
II 35
800
1210
300
10 25
1200
1210
1000
1010
380
510
125
710
4 00
1410
12 85
1125
1465
1410
1310
14 55
14
1620
1410
1385
14
13
13 75
1410
1240
1110
1400
1400
1015
13 10
1335
10 10
14
155 1355
190
365
315
1400
13 65
1325
904
130
100
150
175
1311
175
250
185
320
271
2154
2130
2033
1940
2123
2130
2012
2115
2115
2078
2263
2198
2115
2095
235S
2215
2430
2115
232S
2398
198S
2248
2115
21SO
2420
2100
2100
0S5
250
675
715
1390
1420
1280
1275
2USS
2215
2003
1765
21
2033
2100
204S
1988
2875
13
1420
1280
1275
25 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
50 G Cher Sons Co Baltimore
200 Walton Whann C Charleston
500 J O Mathewson Co Augusta
50 alto Whann Co Charles on
20 Dambman TO Co Baltimore
50 DeLeou Guano Co Savannah
50 Elbert County Fertilizer Co Elber
t it Ga
50 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
50 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
50 Edisto Ph sphate Co Charleston
50 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
50 Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
100 Savannah Gu no Co Sat at nah
100 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
100 Ash poo Phosphate Co Charleston
100 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
100 Savannah Guano Co Savannah
60 Pope Fleming Augusta Ga
100 T D Caswell Augusta Ga
100 T D Caswell Augusta Ga
100 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Md
150 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
500 dir Bros Co Atlanta Ga
200 Adair Bros Co Atlan a Gs
200 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
H innioiid Hull Co savannah
Wileox GibOs Guano Co Savh
Langston Woodson Atlanta
G W Scott Co Atlanta
B ltlwitt Co Savannah Ga
Wileox Gihbs Guano Co Savh
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
15
300
500
20
150
1110
100
50
Kill
400
10
400
25
50
100
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Navassa Guano Co Wilmingtn NC
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Bovkin Carmer Co Baltimore
Wileox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
G Ober k Sons Co Baltimore Md
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Pacific Guam Co Charleston S C
Walton Whann Co Charleston S C
Dambmai Bros Co Baltimore
DeLeons Guano Co Port Royal S C
Elhert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga
Edisto Phosphate Co Char eston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phophate Co Charleston
Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Etiwan Phos bate Co Charleston
Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Imptd by W X Sewtrd Co Savh
T D t aswell Charlt ston S C
T D Caswell AugustaGa
Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti
more Md
Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston BC
Furman Farm Impt Co East PL Ga
Furman Farm Impt Co last PL Ga
Furman Farm Improvemt Co FastPt
Hammond Hnll Co PL Royal S C
Hammond Hull k Co PL Royal S C
Wileox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Mftl for Langston Woodson Atlanta
G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin A Co Port Royal S C
Wileox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ga
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti
more Md
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Kavassa Guano Co Wilmington IS a
Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti
more Md
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Imptd by Wileox Gihbs Guano Co
Savannah Ga
Imported by Ashley Phosphate Co
Charleston S C
Imported by Stono Phosphate Co
Charleston S C
Imptd by Hammond Hull Co Savh

r
CO
is
CO
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ld
a
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f
w
is
coTABLK No II Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
01 Lowrys Standard Fertilizer
Longs Prepared Chemicals
Liters Harvest Queen Fertilizer
Listers Celebrated Ground Bone
1075
1050
1280
fLockwoods Acid Phosphate
L R Acid Phosphate
Mattox Rucker Co High Grade Cotton
Acid Phosphate
Mattox Rucker Co High Grade Acid
Phosphate
Magnolia Acid Phosphate
National Dissolved Bone
Nassau Dried Bone Phosphate
National Potash Superphosphate
firOglethorpe Acid Phosphate
Orchilla Guano Natural Guano
gOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
O K Dissolved Bone and Potash
dP E Ground Bone Ammonia and Potash
Pure Raw Ground Bone
Pure Animal Bone Meal and Potash
Pure Animal Bone Meal
1100
900
820
750
1000
1250
1375
1280
950
825
950
900
1375
680
450
Phosphoric Acid
275
300
145
1925
075
510
210
250
075
150
07
010
175
1310
175
215
220
2050
1180
2260
550
800
740
1280
520
760
1025
13 25
900
1050
775
1210
000
1210
1100
635
320
295
480 1030
195
480
500
400
155
155
310
335
190
520
100
280
380
1120
1035
1110
1400
520
1400
1380
1015
125
115
150
li
150
150
415
285
515
1285
1150
1156
1370
1285
1150
1156
1370
1420 1420
1350
075
230
100
185
300
210
235
130
300
210
086
1350
2020
1910
2200
2398
1800
2130
2138
2455
2193
2440
24J0
2100
780
2100
2760
2088
S3
500
100
500
20
6
301
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Baldwin Ss Co Savannah Ga
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
J IS Long Baltimore Md
Listers Agricultural and Chemical
Works New Ark N J
Listers Agricultural and Chemicai
Works New Ark N J
Clarence Angier Atlanta
Lorentz Bittler Baltimore
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Ed McDonald Cuthbert Ga
Jno D Weld Savannah
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Tenn
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
S W Travers Co Richmond
Hammond Hull k Co Savannah
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta
Winters Legg Marietta Ga
10 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
10 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah
Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti
more Md
Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh
Imptd by Georgia Chemical Works
Augusta Ga
Imptd by Atlantic i hos Co Charles
ton S C
Imptd by Bowker Fertilizer Co Eliza
bethport N J
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
J R Long Baltimore Md
Listers Agricultl and Chemical Works
New Ark N J
Listers Agricultl and Chemical Works
New Ark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Orr Hunter Augusta Ga
National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Bowkers Fertilizer Co Elizabethport
N J
National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
S W Travers Co Richmond Va
Hammond Hull Co St Royal S C
Orr Hunter Augusta Ga
Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta
Sterns Fertilizer and Chemical Mfg
Co New Orleans La
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
5
w
H
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O
t
Q
fed
M
o
a
t1
d
fed
I
fed
C
fed
OoPort Royal Acid Phosphate
gPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
iPalmetto Acid Phosphate
iP D Acid Phosphate
Pioueer Acid Phosphate
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Phosphate Potash ard Ammonia
Potash Acid Phosphate
gPort Royal Dissolved bone
Phosphate for Composting
Potasso Phospho
Phosphate Potash and Ammonia
Phosphate Meal
Raisins Phosphate
R E Masons Bone Superphosphate
Slingluffs High Grade Acid Phosphate
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
cStonewall English Acid Phosphate
Stono Acid Phosphate
Stono Dissolved Bone
Sovereign Guano
Standard Acid Phosphate
jSterling Acid Phosphate
as Soluble Bone Dust
Swifts Dissolved Bone
Sterns Dissolved Bone
Southern Acid Phosphate
Tankage
gV H Briehams Dissolved Bone Phos
oWestons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Walkers Dissolved Bone
Wando Dissolved Bone
Wando Acid Phosphate
Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Wilcox Gibbs Cos Superphosphate
XX Acid Phosphate
950
950
1575
1575
1550
1400
1400
1125
950
850
950
1X25
1400
400
1125
875
1625
700
840
1575
1250
1100
00
1080
1200
1550
Average
175
175
100
100
L85
000
255
250
175
100
210
250
1940
050
200
800
005
10U
185
005
375
120
075
050
065
050
950
1245
1650
1750
1100
950
1300
12 101
12 10
1125
11 25
800
1050
625
815
1210
1055
870
600
760
600
825
1210
1145
1070
1175
805
815
12
1520
00
190
190
250
250
350
i05
875
205
190
880
410
465
1400
1400
1375
1375
1150
13 55
1000
1110
14 00
1435
12
10 65
065 13 00
105
175
175
110
060
070
150
165
100
1175
1210
1210
810
1150
1155
1000
4
1215
615
500
385
215
265
320
275
325
295
195
205
275
155
265
136
13 75
1100
12 10
1425
14 10
1390
1450
1130
1110
14 75
1725
1075
14 55
1440
185
185
175
155
225
015
280
125
21001
21001
22481
2248
1900
2033
2090
1890
2100
2108
2200
2251
080
190
190
305
300
290
235
565
050
1400
1400
1115
14 50
1445
1235
995
195 14 10
110
610
2063
1730
1815
2138
2115
150 2235
2175
00 2155
120
185
108
1785
23 98
2588
2073
2183
2160
125
2160
2100
2100
1798
2175
2168
2513
2115
13 45 185 2255
OOOlHammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
200 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
150 Ashepoo Phos Co harleston SC
40 Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
50 DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
50 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
140 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Mel
50 Hammond Hull Co Savannan Ga
8 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
500 Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
50 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
5 Paul Weidenger New York
10 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
10 R E Mason Westminster S C
36 Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
200 Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
100 Harrold Johnson Co Americus
100 Stono Photphate Co Charleston
100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
250 Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
100
100
100
50
115
10
15
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Clarence Angler Atlanta Ga
Rogers Worsham Co Macon Ga
T M Swift Elberton Ga
Sterns Fertilizer Chemical Mfg
Co New Orleans
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
J O Jelks Co Hawkinsville
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
100 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
100
100
100
100
100
Wando Phos Co Charleston S 0
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Sav Ga
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston SC
Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston SC
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Geo W Scott Co Alanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Paul Weidenger New York
Raisin Fertilizer fo Baltimore
Russell Coe Linden N J
Slingluft Co Baltimore Md Mass
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Imported by Harrold Johnson Co
Americus Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford
Mass
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Elbert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga
New Orleans
Sterns Fertilizer Chemical Mfg Co
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
A B Mayer Manufng Co St Louis
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Wando Phosphato Co Charleston SC
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ga
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Lees Prepared Agricultural LimeLime 7250 Ammonia 090 Potash 070 Manufactured by A S Lee Richmond Va Inspection requested by J M Ander
SntARaw bone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insoluble
rtiniich rfracticallv it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 40
DplicIte BrInd I Insome Instances fertilizers manufactured the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulk being In every respect identical
arefcrfd ndedfffereniJname Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a 6 c etc prefixed to the samethose having the same letter the same
tonJMjiBnt food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily becomes available
if from animalCne Itbecomes avallabll within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural
guanos andbones have therefore value in this connection if immediate result are not desired

cc
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fTABLE III
AMMONIATED SUPERPHOSPHATES OP LIME
This table represents analyses of special samples officially drawn from lots in the hands of Retail
Dealers and Farmers
NAME OF BRAND
Americus Ammoniated Bone Superphos
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
AmToniated Alkaline Phosphato
I A J Sparks I X L Amd Bone Superphos
Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
ADissolved Raw Bone
Ashepoo Fertilizer
Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer
Aurora Ammoniated Phospho
Acme Fertilizer
Bates Georgia Standard Guano
Baldwin Cos Ammd Dissolved Bone
Bonanza Fertilizer
Baltic Ammoniated Bone
Barrys Chemical Fertilizer
Brdleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Brighton Guano
Bradleys Patent Supephos of Lime
Baldwin k Cos Ammd Dissolved Bone
Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer
Burke County Fertilizer
Buffalo Bone Guano
Bakers Standard Guano
Chesapeake Guano
Chapp1s Champion Ammd Superphos
Cherokee Ammoniated Bone
Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime
1465
1250
850
1190
1300
875
900
1075
1120
1250
1150
690
1200
1100
750
1000
650
770
850
1400
1410
1000
1875
1550
1225
1200
1240
1450
Phosphoric Acid
110
210
250
200
2
165
410
100
175
19
075
115
180
145
180
240
340
160
250
240
150
175
150
515
185
235
100
250
n
925
810
765
560
450
690
475
630
453
595
720
600
810
580
615
745
710
700
800
885
780
760
750
730
350
625
720
800
175
220
300
470
655
250
475
370
772
295
130
295
260
390
370
200
270
320
315
180
320
270
1100
1030
1065
1030
1105
940
950
1000
1225
890
850
895
1070
970
985
945
980
1020
1115
1005
1100
1020
1025
940
1000
950
1010
1050
250
240
280
215
265
212
210
275
215
212
243
267
231
245
21
200
232
215
310
260
260
240
210
230
270
220
235
235
250
125
2
150
210
220
210
100
162
175
091
200
200
075
170
J25
240
120
205
175
210
S

2700
2438
2724
2383
2716
2308
2097
2590
2625
2175
2227
2287
2544
2439
2448
2227
2337
2458
2785
2635
2657
25
250 2460
245
175
215
150
125
2391
2539
2344
2417
2452
IN THE HANDS OF
Mitchell Mclntyre Thomasville
A P Brantley Co BlackshearGa
T N J W Smith Teunille Ga
J R West Macon Ga
A J Sparks Quitman Ga
Henry Gilbert Washir gton Ga
Ford Bass RomeGa
Sims Phair Washington Ga
Coleman Ray Macon Ga
C W Slaton Griffin Ga
T H Dearing Athens Ga
M L Bates Griffin Ga
T D Guinn Covington Ga
A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
Battey Hamilton Rome Ga
J R Hogan Lincoln County
W E Shields Thomson Ga
Dr Fred Hunter Wilkes County
J Mabbett Quitmau Ga
Jones Roberts Valosta Ga
J W Harrell Son V ldosta Ga
Wilkins Ss Berrien Millen Ga
T H Daniel Son Millen Ga
Bass McKinnon ThomasvilleGa
Muse Brown Albany Ga
1 O Varnadoe Valdosta Ga
McClain Evai s ThomasvilleGa
C C Varnadoe Valdosta Ga
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Williams Clark Co New York
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Juo Merryman Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
The Raisin Fertilizer Co BaltimoreMd
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Northwestern Fertilizer Co CMeagoIU
Ashepoo Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Acme Manufacturing Co Wilmington
M L Bates Griffin Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Bead Co New York
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
E Barry Augusta Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Damhman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Baldwin Co Savannnh Ga
Bowk r Fertilizer Co Boston and N Y
WavnesboroOil Mill and Fertilizer Co
Waynesboro Ga
Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me

fed

H
Ed
H
O
w
M
Q
d
f
a
fed
I
O
fed
O
W
Crown Guano 1400
Cotton Compound 1050
Capitol Cotun henilizr 1260
Chesapeake Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1300
Coweta HighGrade Guano 1080
Dissolved Bone Carolina 950
DeLeons Co mplete Cotton Fertilizer1300
Eddys one Soluble Guan1485
E Frank Cos Ammoniated BoneSui erphos 950
Etiwan Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1250
Empire Guano 1250
Excellent Georgia Standard Guano 1400
Excelsior Ammonia ed Bone Fertilizer 1450
Etiwan Guano 1100
Edlsto Aiumoninted Soluble Bone 1250
Eutatl Fertilizers 1190
Furmans High Grade Guano 950
Forest City Am otiiatcd Dissolved Bone 1450
Farmeis Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1100
Gossypium Phospho1250
Goublittgs Bone Compound 1250
Gem Guano 1225
Goudings Bone Compound1340
Georgia Test Gdatto 1275
03 Oeoriria State Standard 1450
oo Georgia State Grange fertilizer 1460
Groii d Bone Ammonia and Potash 920
Georgia Pacific Guano 13
Gossvpium Phospho1200
Horse Shoe Brand Ammd Dissolved Bne 1170
Home Mixture Guano 775
Homesti ad Guano1020
Houghs Ammoniated Dissolvd Bone 550
Hardees Cotton Boll Superphosphate 1300
Hayes Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1550
Home Mixture Guano 800
Home Conound 920
Inmans Monarch Guano1100
J S Wood Bros Ammd Dissolved Bone 1350
Koton Guano 540
King Guano12
Lockwoods Cotton Grower1150
L k R Ammoniated Guano 1500
Listers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1
Lowes Georgia Formula 900
L C Diss Bone with A mm and Potash 880
Mascoits Ammoniated Bone Fertilizer 1350
Mastodon Ammoniated Soluble Phos 800
Matchless Cotton Grower 1170
Miles X X L Ammoniated Phosphate1020
08
190
105
150
170
22
065
3
225
200
250
215
150
250
125
135
135
175
22
17
275
23
215
200
189
235
13
220
1
310
270
145
220
145
150
200
18
120
220
180
250
235
235
250
260
06
150
225
245
190
760
i10
650
450
660
515
975
500
8o
725
400
450
710
500
905
790
760
850
855
550
750
450
800
620
845
875
740
450
715
690
625
8
460
785
820
050
635
845
435
700
450
725
650
700
710
720
715
850
800
810
205
370
360
fi30
240
5 60
1 25
4 85
2 55
275
500
460
3 21
5 80
220
370
3 21
380
1 75
195
2 90
5 X
300
3 10
3
f 85
6 20
210
1 60
3 15
380
1 55
6
2 45
6 15
2 00
380
3 80
965
980
1010
1080
9 00
1075
11 00
9
060
1000
9 60
910
1030
1080
1125
1160
1080
1020
1180
9
1035
1120
1075
1000
1020
1070
1030
985
1015
1000
1020
920
1080
995
980
365
1015
1000
1100
945
1065
925
1030
1080
2 50 9 00
3 35 1055
285 1000
270 1120
1 41 9 40
290 1100
255
270
235
210
218
200
28
285
260
210
235
215
210
240
230
23C
220
225
235
220
21
230
230
220
26
205
224
273
300
280
240
273
212
210
310
300
26
271
305
285
220
230
260
220
24
260
260
224
215
10023M
055 2389
220 2487
150 2442
150 2198
130 2382
225 2787
210 2600
185 2607
295 2467
155 2347
3002353
145I2302
110 248
075 2191
195 2674
260 2584
2452495
185 2707
350 2740
150 2407
150 2518
125 2474
150 2386
250 2484
200 2653
0752276
i 35 2380
215 2611
2460
175 2601
2148
250 2743
248 2418
150 2292
220 2600
230 2713
110 2464
215 2745
230 2624
235 2745
150 2242
220 2501
280 2732
160
080
140
175
210
210
2301
2417
247
2687
2337
2644
M M C C Philiips Acworth Ga
Anderson fc Son Maiietta Ga
J PJones Thomson Ga
R West Macon Ga
C W Slatnn Griffin Ga
II Aki s Co Gainesville Ga
McClain Evans Thomasville Ga
E B Bush Colquitt Ga
i Smith Calholin ounty
S R Weston Son Albany Ga
McClain Evans Th masvilleGa
II P Brantlev Co BlaekshearGa
Jno T Roberts Valdosta Ga
K Young Co Eatonton Gi
Benson A Collev Washington Ga
II Atkins Co Gainesvile Ga
erkersonMoore Co AuslellGa
J J Hodge Quitma Ga
L It Farmer Louisville Ga
T J Morgan Americus Ga
C C Sheppard AmeriiUS Ga
It 11 Haulaway Thotuasville Ga
D K Johnson Blaekshear Ga
It H Hardaway Thomasville Ga
J Mabbett Quitman Ga
Goodwin Shaw Valdosta Ga
J CForbes Co LaGr nge Ga
Tinpin Ogden Macnn Ga
E Vinson Milledgev ille Ga
A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
At Depot Plains 1 I Dura Ga
WB Lee Covingon Ga
Hatch I timer Milledgcville Gn
Walker McCatheren Waynesboro
S 1 II yes Thomasville Ga
Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus
A P Wright Co ThomasvilleGa
JN Cooper LnGrange Ga
Griffin Slaten Co Valdosta Ga
Batty Haniilt n Rome Ga
K L Worthy Americus Ga
W B lee Covington Ga
Lewis Sermons Arlington Ga
W P Perry Calhonn County
Rogers Worsham Co Macon Ga
W B t S C Candler Villa HkaGa
A T Mclntyre Thomasville Ga
Q lord Tenuille Ga
Orr it Hunter Athens Ga
Jno Barnard LaGrange Ga
Trcadwel Abbott Co Atlanta Ga
EdSnowden Baltimore Md
s W Travers Co Richmond Va
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Coweta Fertilizer Co rewnan Ga
Ashlei Phosphate Co Charleston SC
DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga
ClaiksCoveGuanoiCn N BedfordMass
K Frank Coe Barren Island N Y
Etiwan Phosphate Co CharlestonS C
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano C Savannah Ga
Etiwan Phosphate o Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlesonSC
Furnian Farm Imp Co East Point Ga
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Port Roval Fertilizer Co Pt RoylSC
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
W it H M Gouiding Baltimore Md
W B Seas Baltimore Md
W H M Goul ting Baltimore Md
Jno Merryman it Co Baltimore Md
limmond Hull it Co Port RoyalSC
Baldwin it Co Savannah Ga
Langston it Woodson Atlanta Ga
Clarks Cove Gtiano Co N BedfordMass
Geo W Sco t it Co Atlanta Ga
Northwestern Fert Co Chicago 111
nlumbust Fert Co Columbus Ga
Michigan Carbon Works Detroit Mich
Maeon 1 il and Fert Works Macon Ga
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
S L Hayes Thomasville Ga
Columbus Fert Co Co umbus Ga
A I Wrinht Co Thomasville Ga
Williams Clark Co New York
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Rome Oil Mills and Fert Co RomeGa
Raisin FertilizerOo Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Lorentzit Rittler Baltimore Md
Lister Bros Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Lansston Woodon Atlanta Ga
M Y D Q Mclntyre SavannahGa
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Mfd for Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga

Kj
CO
CO
O
o
O
w
o
t1

tr1
ts
H
N
W
COTABLE No litContinued
NAME OF BRAND
Navassa Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer
IVassfiu Guano
Oriole Hlgn Grade Fertilizer
OurOwn Amruoniated Bone Fertilizer
Olethorne Animoniatel Dissolved Bone
Old Domr ion Guano
Owl Brand Guano
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer
Plow Boys Brand
os Pendletons Anunoniated Superphos
Planters Soluble Guano
Pe dletons Amrnoniiitcd Dissolved Bone
Patapsco Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Plow Itrand Kaw Bone Superphos
Pomona Guano
Potomac Guano
Roy 1 Supe phosphate
Reids Standard
Sunbeam Soluble Guano
SinglufPs Pure Dissolved Bone
Sterns Ammd Haw Bone Superphos
Stir Brand Guano
Solid South Guano
Siouo Soluble Guano
Stono Soluble Guano
Soluble Sea Island Guano
Sterling Guino
Stonewall Ammonintftd Guano
Soluble Ammonitited Suprphos oi Lime
Soluble Pacific Quano
Seals Anunoniated Bone Superphos
Soluble Guano
Tilt Cos Amnid Bone Superphos
Tennessee Superphosphate
1215
1100
13
1025
1350
1140
46E
1370
UU0
1140
1100
1151
1340
1000
1200
1100
1400
1150
1200
800
900
200
200
200
105
250
290
230
150
2K
110
275
240
245
300
105
225
250
180
31
2 7
170
100
100
125
380
200
275
275
230
235
235
2 10
200
150
Phosphoric Acul
x
405
700
055
015
850
515
550
705
XC0
0
040
686
020
03r
825
500
810
685
510
905
490
080
735
800
770
450
800
000
710
715
525
620
825
700
5 S
245
285
4 25
180
405
400
2 05
1 95
2 95
420
390
400
4
285
010
345
300
440
115
600
410
3 05
185
180
605
335
5 85
3 55
990
1005
940
lu40
1030
990
950
1000
995
970
1000
10
1080
1000
11 10
1110
11
985
950
10
10JO
1090
1100
985
900
1115
1135
11a
1055
315 1000
505 1030
405108
190 1015
345J1045
275
220
235
215
220
200
200
210
218
315
230
245
240
235
275
270
250
243
255
350
265
240
285
320
245
310
215
23
25
240
260
24
220
243
50

61
a
2555
2382
2437
2428
2549
2275
2235
2422
2300
2728
2470
2172
2538
2o
2700
2744
2808
2344
2416
2733
2738
2613
2752
2007
2234
2825
2591
2710
2584
2568
2532
2537
2502
2494
IN THE HANDS OF
Hunt Co Marietta Ga
no Barnard LaGrange Ga
J O Vamadoe Valdosia Ga
Bass t McKinnonThorausvilleGa
S L Hayes Thomasville Ga
Lemon McMillan Co Acworth
Jno T Bwkman Palmetto
N J R Hines Milledgeville Ga
Rogers Worsbaiu Co MaconGa
F J lei kins Co Columbus Ga
Carter Bradley Columbus Ga
F J Jenkins it Co Columbus Ga
Dr McCall Quitman Ga
Kountiee Co Quitman Ga
Giiflin siateu Co Valdosta Gi
C It Ashlev Valdosta Ga
P E Boyd Ieary Ga
K Keid Eatonton Ga
Hay Stanley Valdosta Ga
J Mabbett Quitman Ga
B R Legg Marietta Ga
Hunt Co Marietta Ga
Lemon McMillan Co Acworth
Rogers Worsham Co MaconGa
VV E Shields Thomson Ga
N W Bedingfeld Wadlev Ga
N W Bedingfeld VVadlev Ga
D W Aired Louisville Ga
Tift Co Albany Ga
S R YVeston Son Albany Ga
McClain Evans ThomasvilleGa
Roumree Co Quitman Ga
Tift Co Albany Ga
Anderson Sou Marietta Ua
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Navassa Guano Co WilmingtonN C
Bowker Fert Co Elizabeth port N 1
Symington Bros Co BaltimoreMd
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull Co Pt RovalS C
Mfd Maddox Ritcker fc Co Atlanta
Davie Whittle Petersburg Va
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal 8 C
Mfd Rogers Worsham Co Macon
Pendleton Guauo Co Atlanta Ga
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
PatapseoGuauo Co Baltimore Md
Walton Whaun Co WilmingtonDel
Deleon Guano Co Savannah Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Boykin farmer Co BaltimoreMd
Sterns Fert Cheui Mfg Co New
Orleans La
Allison ii Addison Richmond Va
Marietta Guauo Co Marietta Ga
Stouo Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Raisiu Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa
Chesapeake Guauo Co BaltimoreMd
G Ober Sous Co Baltimore Md
Pacific Guano Co Boston Mass
W B Seals Baltimore Md
Ashlev Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Hammond Hull Co Pt Roval S C
National Fert Co Nashville Tenu
O

H
13
H
C

a
Ed
a
q
t1
H
W
I
Q
o
w
oWileox Gbbs t Co Manipulated Guano
Wando Soluble Guano
Westons Ammonialed Dissolved Bone
W T Lane A Bros Amd Dissolved Bone
Zells Atnuioniaied Bone Superphos
Zells Kconomizer
1350 075 510 4151 055 255 210 2459
nno 275 825 295 1120 230 175 2591
185 200 850 1 70 10 20 220 301 2584
1375 150 811 28011090 211 205 2660
750 310 075 275 950 215 111 2319
11 10 200 013 487ll00 213 175 2506
Jones fc Roberts Valdosta Ga
T N J W Smith Tennille Ga
S R Weston Son Albany Ga
W T Lane t Bro Valdosta Ga
W M Phillips Co Cedartown
W H Cammell Gainesville Ga
Wileox Gibbs Gnano Co Savannah
Wando Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Port Roval Fert Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Zell iuano Co Baltimore Md
Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md

CD
GO
O
3
O
O
Q
M
00
00
sACID PHOSPHATES DISSOLVED BONES CHEMICALS ETC
TABLE IVThis table represents analyses of special samples officially drawn from lots in the hands of Retail
Dealers and Farmers
g
NAME OF BRAND
Atlanta Soluble Hone
Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
2 Acid Phosphate
Ammontated Dissolved Bone
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Baldwin Cos Acid Phosphate
Bales Phospnate Guano
Barrvs Phosphate of Lime
Bowkers Dissolved Bone
Baltimore Diss Bone with Am Potash
Dobbs Chemicals for Composting
Dissolved Hone Ihosphate of Lime
Diamond Soluble Bone
Dissolved Bone Ihosphate S C
Extra tine Ground Bone
EdistoAcid Phosphate
Etiwan Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
Farish Furmans Formula
Furmans Ammoniated Soluble Bone
G W Scott Co High Grade Acid Pho
G Ober Sous Co Diss Bone Phosphate
Georgia State Grange Acid Ihosphate
Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
High Grade Acid Phosphate
High Grade Acid Phosphate
850
800
ooo
1rS0
900
1200
hi
1500
500
1400
800
840
1190
1000
1425
11SO
iSSi
lti00
1200
1430
1100
1250
1175
1450
600
1050
14101
140
180
060
050
040
250
180
080
0
120
1
170
1
050
07
23c
110
1420
0110
100
175
050
200
050
075
065
155
060
290
Phosphoric Acid
1250
950
960
820
II 60
650
950
1100
1150
790
975
885
680
815
890
1010
930
985
840
910
710
715
805
940
10IK
1075
210
903
310
400
860
480
381
471
400
325
2
3 35
1 20
34
3 40
475
5 95
400
4Ml
TM
3 55
38
310
335
6 3
4 5
350
2 95
230
495
1560
13 50
1320
1300
1345
11 21
13 50
1425
14 25
1125
1095
1230
1020
1290
14 81
14 10
1410
iiiiis
1195
1295
1020
1050
1442
1395
1350
13 70
14 40
1400
15
SIS
iiis
250
200
150
150
115
080
050
190
150
128
190
150
200
285
40
302S
2180
2100
201
2334
2140
138
2138
2000
1692
2035
2048
2063
28
2115
2115
2087
1943
1943
1730
2100
2163
2092
202
2055
2160
2100
IN THE HANDS OF
J L Harris Quitman Ga
J L smith Co Daltou Ga
Coleman Hoy Maeon Ga
Jackson Vincent Athens Ga
Carter Bradley Columbus Ga
N W Bedlngfeld Wadley Ga
Muse Brown Albanv Ga
Tilt A Co Albanv Ga
Mitchell McIntyre Thomasville
Bales Guano Factory Itome Ga
I R Hngan Washington Ga
J D White LaGrange Ga
J II Henley Borne Ga
S C Dobbs Athens Ga
A B Small Maeon Ga
RountreeCo Quitman Ga
A J Sparks Quitman Ga
Roberts VVilkcs Vnldosta Ga
I N J W Smith Tennille Ga
Sims Pharr Washington Ga
A A Fletcher Co MariettaGa
It M Harlan Calhoun Ga
B M Harlan Calhoun Ga
T J Hunt Columbus Ga
W H O G Sparks Maeon Ga
Benson ckColley Washington Ga
Walker MeCatheren Wayuesboro
Jno Tellnian Quitman Ga
B K Legg Marietta Ga
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
National Pert Co Nashville Tenn
Navasxa Guano Co WilmingtonNC
Atlantic Ihos Co Charleston S C
Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Walton Whaun CoWilmingtonDel
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa
Baldwin Co Port Royal s C
Bales Guano Factory Rome Ga
E Barry Augusta Ga
Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston N Y
Slinglufffc Co Baltimore Md
Walton Whaun CoWilmingtonDel
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
Walton Whaun Co WilmingtonDel
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
W L Bradley Boston Mass
Edisto Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Etiwan Phasphate CoCharlestonS C
Etiwan PhosphateCoCharleston8C
Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Md
Mfd for B R LegggMarietta Ga
15

w
hi
K
a
H
c

w
tI
a
d
t1
H
d
K
I
0
ft
O
W

Kainlt
Listers Celebrated Ground Bone
Magnolias Acid Phosphate
Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Pure English Acid Phosphato
Potasso Phoipho Best Acid Phosphate
Patapsco Acid Phosphate
Pure Ground Bone
Soluble Bone Dust
Stono Acid Phosphate
SlinglufTs High Grade Acid Phosphate
Sovereign Ammoniated Superphosphate
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Wando Acid Phosphate
X X Acid Phosphate
1380
875
1350
1150
1550
1175
480
450
1400
860
825
1065
1400
1565
085
175
065
170
075
1995
075
150
170
2 25
0 85
315
165
180
07
138
1210
760
1050
ioa5
1121
880
075
1200
87
965
900
2 21
140
225
345
325
220
270
445
445
2
240
345
410
11 95
1525
1435
1105
137
1255
139
1305
1120
1430
1115
1310
1310
315
394
055
L50
1580
1380
240
175
250
23
1945
2288
2153
1897
2238
2133
2322
195
2156
2145
2273
1965
1965
3
J O Varnadoe Valdosta Ga
S C Evans Wadley Ga
Orr Hunter Athens Ga
Hightower Co Damascus Ga
J J Johnson Quitman Ga
T J Hunt Columbus Ga
Wight Weslosky Albany Ga
B R Legg Marietta Ga
Rogers Worsham Co MaconGa
Carter Bradley Columbus Ga
Northcutt Johnson AcworthGa
W S Jackson West Point Ga
W A Floyd Villa Rica Ga
T N J W Smith Tennille Ga
G P BooneJt Bro GainesvilleGa
A M Eady fe Co West Point Ga
Bowker Fert Co Elizabethport N J
Lister Bros Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Impd by Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co
Savannah Ga
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Stems Fertilizer Chemical Mfg
Co New Orleans La
Mfd Rogers Worsham fc Co Macon
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Clarks Cove GuanoCoNBeclfordMass
Clarks Cove GuanoCoNBedfordMass
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston C
Walton Whann Co CharlestonSC

k
tea
CO
C
c
o
K
K
w
o
M

t1
tel
W
H
N
W
W
CO
I
f22
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REMARKS
The foregoing analyses were made by Prof H C White Analytical Chemist of
the Department whose general report appears on page
During the season of 188687 there were 156078 08 tons of commercial fertili
zers inspected and analyzed for the Georgia market and admitted to sale The
following table shows the amount inspected by each inspector
O T Rogers Inspector at Savannah 5035025 tons
M A Stovall Inspector at Augusta 3797100 tons
J S Lawton Inspector at Atlaita 8442100 tons
J W Murphey Inspector ot Columbus 1047500 tons
J H Pate Inspector at Brunswick 10 922 33 totls
L W Livingston Inspector at Rome 305000 tons
W B Jones Inspector at Rome 988850 tons
Total16607808 tons
The following table shows the number of distinct inspections made made by
each inspector during the season the average number of tons in each inspection
the whole number of inspections made and the average amount of each
Number
of
Inspections
O T Rogers
M A Stovall
J S Lawton
J W Murphey
J H Pate
L W Livingstonf
W B Jones
Total
295
176
359
68
177
12
146
Average
Amount of
each
Inspection
171 tons
215 tons
95 tons
154 tons
112 tons
254 tons
68 tons
1232
134 tons
Inspector Murphy was engaged most of the Beason in making Special inspections etc
which accounts for the comparatively small number of original inspections credited to him
t Resigned November 311886
t Appointed December 11886
98ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867
23
COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS
The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last
twelve seasons
There were inspected during the season of 187566531600 tons
There were inspected during the season ot 187677582400 tons
There were inspected during the season of 187789317800 tons
There were inspected during the season of 187898504900 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18798011958300 tons
There wore inspected during the season of 1880115240400 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1881212542700 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1882312537700 tons
There wsre inspected during the season of 1873415184900 tons
There wers inspected during the season of 1884517015300 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1885616070500 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1886716607808 tons
AMMONIATED AND NONAMMONIATLD FERTILIZERS OR ACID
PHOSPHATES
Of the whole amount of fertilizers placed upon the market during the past sea
son 12161308 tons were Ammoniated Superphosphates and 40899 tons were Acid
Phosphates or Dissolved Bones It is well to remark that those brands which con
tain not less than eight per cent of available phosphoric acid and two per cent of
ammonia are classed as Ammoniated Superphosphates and those containing less
than two per cent of ammonia and not less than ton per cent of available phos
phoric acid are classed as Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones This classification
is made without regard to the name of the brand as will be seen by reference to
the tables The fertilizing materials which do not belong to either of the fore
going are clashed as Chemicals and Compounds other than Ammoniated Superphos
phates and Dissolved Bones Of this class there were 3566 tons iuspeeted and
analyzed and are included in table No II
The number of tons of Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Rones inspected in Geor
gia during the past twelve seasons is as follows
For the season of 187566499 tons
For the season of 1876712842 tons
For the season of 1877815332 tong
For the seeson of 1878910291 tons
For the season of 18798013906 tons
For the season of 1880122036 tons
For the season of 18812 20602 tons
For the season of 1882331017 tons
For the season of 1883439154 tons
For the season ef 1884535012 tons
For the season of 1885687451 tons
For the season of 1886740899 tons
Of the whole quantity inspected the percentage of Aeid Phosphates for each
season is as follows
For 187661166 per cent
For 187671282 per cent
For 187781962 per cent
9424 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
For 187891222 per cent
For 1879801163 per cent
For 18801 1511 percent
For 188121642 per cent
For 188232473 per cent
For 188342578 per cent
For 188452055 pr cent
For 188582334 per cent
For 188672462 per cent
The following averages for the past twelve seasons will be found interest
ing viz
GENERAL AVERAGES OF ALL FERTILIZERS
Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia
923 255
1094 253
1087 252
1143 279
1195 270
1024 258
1096 263
1088 248
1103 253
1082 247
1113 224
1101 243
1139 245
Potash
For the season ot 18745
Por the season of 18756
For the seasou of 18767
For the season of 18773
For the season of 18789
For the season ot 187980
For the season of 13801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18846
For the season of 18856
For the season of 18867
517
249
275
223
166
1S3
141
147
150
155
144
165
194
These are the general averages of all fertilizers including Acid Phophater
for the seasons named It is proper to remark that the averages of Ammonia and
Potash are of those brands only which are shown by analysis to contain these
elements and nnot of the whole number of brands analized
95ANALYSES OP COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 25
AVERAGES OF AMMOXIATED FERTILIZERS
For the soason of 18745
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the season of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
For the season of 18801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
For the season of 18867
Available
Phosphoric
Acid
873
1036
1061
1083
1152
953
1030
1020
1022
978
1035
1015
1030
Ammonia
284
298
278
279
270
269
253
248
253
247
229
243
245
Potash
631
279
243
225
164
135
145
258
148
157
151
164
196
AVERAGES OF NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
18745
18756
18767
18778
18789
187980
18801
18812
18823
18834
18845
18856
18867
Available
Phosphoric
Acid
1105
1199
1168
1310
1320
1244
1260
1248
1265
1269
1287
1262
1345
Potash
aao
464
454
216
163
128
130
105
156
148
130
168
185
9626 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the mareet for each
season since the organization of the Department is as follows
For the season of 18745110 brands
For the season of 18756101 brands
For the season of 18767 i25 brands
For the season of 18778vll brands
For the season of 18789 162 brands
For the season of 187980182 brands
For the season of 18801 22e brands
For the season of 18812270 brands
For the season of 18823 354 brands
For the season of 18834336 brands
For the season of 18815369 brands
For the season of 18856345 brands
For the season of 18867322 brands
These are exclusive of chemicals and other preparations for making or compost
ing manures at homes
The number of brands of ammoniated and nonammoniated fertilizers for each
season is as follows
Amoniated Nonammoniated
For the season of 18745 86 68 85 90 119 135 163 187 289 210 229 215 206 24 33 40 37 43 47 66 83 115 126 140 130 118
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the season of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
or the season ol 18801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
For the season of 18867

SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
Extract from Final ReporU of Seasons of 188687
It was found expedient to continue and extend this feature of Inspectors work
which was partially inaugurated two seasons ago A special inspection is one in
which a fertilizer already before inspected in bulk or in the hands of the manu
facturer is again sampled after it has reached the hands of a retail dealer or farmer
97ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867
27
The plan has met with favor from dealers generally and has heen especially com
mended by farmers Inspector Murphey was detailed for this work and was closely
engaged during the greater part of the active business season in traveling over a
large part of the State sampling goods wherever found He was instructed while
engaged in this special work to observe carefully everything connected with the
trade and was enabled to detect and report to this office some instances of irregu
larities which would probably have otherwise been unnoticed thus demonstrat
ing the importance of the plan and justifying its continuance in the future
In pursuance of the above plan Inspector J W Murphy was detailed for the
special work of the past season and devoted a large portion of his time to the
work Near the close of the active season Inspectors Rogers Stovall Lawton
and Jones were detailed to assist in the special work so as to cover as far as
practicable the entire State The number of special inspections actually made
was 308 and the analyses of large number of them show no material reduction
in any case from the standard attained earlier in the season
FINAL REPOKT OF THE CHEMIST
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
Chemical Laboratory
Athens Ga June 20 1887
Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
Dear Sir I have the honor to report that the chemical work done for the
chemical work done for the Department of Agriculture during the past twelve
months was as follows
FERTILIZERS
Regular sample00
Special samples
Special from farmers
Duplicate samples
RevisionsJ
Total number of samples analyzed66
These were ninided as follows
Acid Phosphates80
Acid Phosphates with Potash64
Acid Phosphates with Ammonia 10
Ammoniated Phosphates with Potash370
Checicals etc
645
MISCELLANEOUS
Miaeral Waters12
Minerals 8
Other materials
I have also presented a Report of Experiments upon the University Farm
which wag published in the Bulletins of the Department
Respectfully yours
H O Whits28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES INCIDENT TO THE
INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS SEASON OF 188687
RECEIPTS
Fee on 16607808 tons inspected during the season 83 03901
EXPENSES OF INSPECTION
1757655 Inspectors Tags 200 per thousand 351531
Express charges on tags and samples drayage telegrams etc 13555
Sample bottles wax and stationery 130 35
Travelling expenses of Inspectors 95045
Balance paid into the Treasury78 307 35
8303901 8303901
Total amount of fees paid into the Treasury78 307 35
Drawn from Treasury on account of salaries
Inspectorssalaries to September 1 1887 720000
Chemists salary to September 1 1887 300000
f 1020000
Leaving net balance in Treasury 68 10735
7830735 7830735
The net balance in the Treasury for the season of 187778 was 35 905 77
For the season of 187879 qor m
For the season of 187980 46 438 48
For the season of 188081 640b028
For the season of 188182 5025132
For the season of 188283 M 8
For the season of 188384 62 133 92
For the season of 188485 70183 75
For the season of 188586 JM1
t x 0530137
For the season of 188687 camon
T oolUoo
Increase compared with season of 188586 2 745 98
99Circular No 93
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1887
Returned to the Department op Agriculture July 11887
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga July 9 1887 j
COTTON
The condition in comparison with an average is in North
Georgia 102 in Middle Georgia 97 in Southwest Georgia 91
in East Georgia 95 in Southeast Georgia 99 and in the whole
State 97
The reports of this month compare most favorably with that of
any previous crop of the last ten years and if the weather con
ditions are reasonably favorable during the remainder of the
growing season the crop of this year will probably be the largest
ever grown in the State
CORN
The condition and prospect is in North Georgia 103 in Mid
dle Georgia 93 in Southwest Georgia 94 in East Georgia 89
in Southeast Georgia 97 and in the whole State 95 This agrees
with reports of 1884 at this stage of growth and is higher than
that of any other year since 1882
WHEAT
The yield of the crop compared to an average is in North
Georgia 99 in Middle Georgia 64 in Southwest Georgia 84 in
East Georgia 86 in Southeast Georgia 100 and the average
yield for the whole State 87 The average yield per acre in
bushels for the first four sections in the order named 77 55
80 80 and for the whole State 73
Last years crop was reported 65 with average yield of 48
bushels per acre
OATS
The yield is in North Georgia 86 in Middle Georgia 50 in
Southwest Georgia 68 in East Georgia 80 in Southeast Geor
gia 60 and the average for the whole State 70 The yields in
bushels per acre for the respective sections are 144 94 9 11 13
and for the whole State 114 The per cent of total yield is three
69DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
points higher than that of last year though the average yield per
acre is not as great by 16 bushels
CLOVER AND GRASS
The dry Spring has been unfavorable to clover and grasses and
the yield or prospective yield is reported 82 and 17 points lower
than last year at this time Three sections only report these
cropsNorth Middle and Southwest Georgia
RICE
The prospect is in Middle Georgia 95 in Southwest and East
Georgia 93 in Southeast Georgia 92 and average for the whole
State 94
SUGAR CANE
This prospect is in Middle Georgia 88 in Southwest Georgia
93 in East and Southeast Georgia 92 and the average for the
whole State 91
SWEET POTATOES
The prospect in North Middle and Southwest Georgia is 92 in
East Georgia 89 in Southeast Georgia 91 and the average for the
State 91 5
MELONS
The yield or prospective yield is in North Geoigia 98 in
Middle and Southeast Georgia 88 in East Georgia 87 in South
east Georgia 92 and the average for the State 89
TOBACCO
The condition and prospect is in North Geoigia 93 in Middle
Georgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 89 in East Georgia 97 in
Southeast GeorgiaST and in the whole Stale 91 The crop is
five points higher than the crop of last year that was reported at
this time
FRUIT
The condition of the fruit crop is reported somewhat lower than
on the first of last month
PeachesCondition and prospect in North Georgia 7 in
Middle Georgia 13 Southwest Georgia 56 and the average for
the State 22 The report on the first of June for the sections was
11 17 60 36 53 and tor the whole State 35
ApplesCondition and prospect in North Georgia 37
Middle Georgia 48 Southwest Georgia 75 East Georgia 58
Southeast Geoigia 64
GrapesCondition and prospect in North Georgia 93 in
Middle Georgia 88 in Southwest Georgia 95 in East Georgia 87
in Southeast Georgia 96 and the average for the State 92
70
in
andCONSOLIDATION OF REPORT FOR JULY 1887
Wheat Oafe Clover and Grass Cotton Corn Rice Tobacco Sweet Potatoes Sugar Cane Melons Fruit
O 02 c5 o 6 s5 O
03 O 61


0 OJ
s3 o3 a 03 S s3 93 p s3 5 c3 a o3
3 0 o oS 41 3 S3 B d o s3 Q O 03 3 9 5 2 0 c O
J S3 t si si si s3 T 0 TJ
0 0 P e P
p TJ a o 3 o S a a a c 3 a C Tl z
o ft Q o a S at ps
a a a a q p p SS ss
o 0 o a o o o o c 0 o

73 s r s o d O a r
I o 0 41 a o fl a o o c 0 a S
P o o o a u
81 102 103 93 92 98 7 37 93
04 Sfi 9 4 7 97 93 95 91 92 88 88 13 48 88
84 86 TOO 87 80 SO 73 68 SO 60 70 90 no 130 114 88 91 95 99 94 89 97 93 93 92 89 97 87 92 89 91 93 92 92 88 87 92 56 35 56 75 58 95
87
fi i 96

82 97 95 94 91 91 91 89 33 M 92
65 48 67 130 9S 83 92 95 86 93 94 79 62 58 91

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W
td
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ODEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
LECTURE ON VEGETAL PRODUCTION
11V PROF GEORGES VILLE
Tninxliitd hi Miss ffoward
Gentlemen Let us now free our minds from the impression f the preced
ing lecture and leaving the traditions of thepast to the province of history we
will today see but one object before us and only one object and that is vege
tation which we will explain in its near or distant causes in its activity in
its agents and in its products You will remember we have already said veg
etation is formed from fourteen element materials always the same in spite of
the variations or contrasts of organizations and properties
You know the fourteen elements I will repeat them however again the
better to concentrate your thoughts and avoid all misunderstanding and con
fusion
ELEMENTS OK VEGETAL PRODUCTION
Organic Minerals Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sul
phur Chlorine Silica Iron Manganese Lime Magnesia Soda Potash
Well whatever may be the origin of these fourteen elements and the form
under which vegetation absorbs them we must produce plants by their aid and
without any mysterious or uncertain conditions in order to explain vegetation
To make a plant as we make soap by use of earths and sulphuric acid help
ing ourselves with the original activity contained in the seed as in other ways
we make use of steam electricity or gravity is the problem we must solve
To solve this problem clearly and without mystery or doubt burnt sand
was used as earth which you know is pure silica moistened with distilled
water which you know is pure water The sand thus moistened was put in
porcelain pots which had been dipped in wax as a precaution t prevent the
saline exudations which all pottery shows when kept in a moist condition
By this arrangement a simple mechanical medium was given the plants as a
resting place one permeable to air and water without supplying at the sane
time any elements of nutrition
This is elementary soil reduced to the last expression of poverty but pro
tected in numerous ways from all accidantal causes that could change these
simple conditions
How does wheat grow in such a soil It germinates the same as in good
soil but the plant born in it proves by its miserable appearance the poverty of
the soil in which it lived The plant however shows its activity it run the
cycle of its evolution blooms even grows grain miserable stunted grain it is
true and gives as final result six grammes of seed from one gramme of seed
Thus in burnt saud and by the exclusion of all foreign intervention the
7JULY CROP REPOKT1887
plant having received only tlie elements of water and air as source of food
yields seed and produces six grammes of crop an excess of five grammes
represented by carbon furnished entirely at the cost of the carbonic acid of
the air and by the hydrogen and oxygen originating solely from the water
used in moistening it Thus the air by its carbonic acid and the water by its
two constituent elements hydrogen and oxygen contribute a large proportion
in the formation of vegetation more largely in fact than this experiment
decisive as it is would make us suppose considering that even in fertile soils
plants draw the essentials carbon hydrogen and oxygen that form as I have
already said 95 per cent of vegetation from air and water
To prove this the action of all kinds of carbonaceous matters has been
tested and the effect has always been negative
In the first experiment carbon was added to the burnt sand and to make
sure of pure carbon crystalied sugar was burned in vases of platina hermet
ically sealed
The result of this addition was absolutely negative Six grammes of crop
was grown in burnt sand After the addition of carbon the six grammes
only were obtained
It was easy to foresee this as carbon is insoluble in water but we will give
no interpretations of our own we will stick to the testimony of facts the
addition of carbon added nothing to the neutrality of the burn sand
It was then asked what would happen if carbon was added in combina
tion with hydrogen and oxygen Every kind of hydrocarbonaceous matter
was tried straw cellulose gums starches oils and alcohol These substances
showed no action whatever
The idea was suggested of trying the same substances when the contact of
the air had so altered them as to produce a blackish matter which forms humus
to which ancient agricultural theories attributed so important an effect
To get this humus in a pure state resulting only from the alteration of a
substance of vegetal origin I went into the Department of Lands and cross
ing the dunes or sandbanks where the sand is as white as snow went farther
inland to the old pine foiests where the leaves falling every year form by the
change they undergo that blackish matter soluble in potash which is the
essential characteristic of humus The sands of the lands was taken as an
expression of a medium in itself inert corresponding to burnt sand but con
taining however humus in whose formation no kind of fertilizer assisted
What was the result from these new conditions Exactly the same as from
burnt sand 6 grammes of crop The use of humus had produced no effect
whatever
You see in all this there is no question of theory or doctrine but simple
experimental proofs designed to change abstract theory into a strong witness
of fact
Thus the soil reduced to a simple point of support only received no fertility
from the addition of carbon or hydrocarbonaceous matters intact or altered
73DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
from humus itself notice how singular and unexpected the
and nothing
results
The three elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen represent ninetyfive
hundredths of the weight of the plants Well the intervention ot these
three elements under the most varied forms has always been without any
action The time is now to try the last of the four organic elements
Nitrogen
ere connee a new series of trials
Gelatine is added to the burnt sand a substance containing more nitrogen
than carbon hydrogen and oxygen This time an important change is pro
duced in the course of phenomena
The plants which until then had showed only a pale green color gath
ered increased activity by the deepening of color of foliage
It at first seemec as if vegetation had a new life but the hope was vain the
result was only 9 grammes of crop instead of 6 grammes
So the intervention of these four elements which in themselves represent
more than ninetenths of the substance of vegetation give an almost insig
nificant effect So far the vegetation was languishing and unsteady Yet the
plants always ran the entire cycle of their evolution and produced a rudi
ment of grain
Although Surprised at the small result of these first efforts we could not
stop there The mineral elements had all to be tested by the same system
In the new experiment all the minerals were added at one time to the burnt
sand
Phosphorous in the form of phosphate of lime and phosphate of magnesia
Sulphur in the form of sulphate of lime
Chlorine in the form of chloride of sodum
Lime in the form of corbonate
Silica in that of silicate of potash and silicate of soda
The iron and manganese in the form of sulphates
From the new sowing of wheat came a new deception no fuller develop
ment than from the previous experiments
The growth was feeble the dwindled stems no thicker than a knitting needle
but five or six inches high and the rudimentary sheath contained but one or two
meagre maltormed grains
There was nothing now left but to exhaust all the combination by a last exper
iment that is by associating a nitrogenous matter with the minerals This
was done This time the contrast was striking and the success complete
Far from being meagre for the plants attained the same development as in
good soil the eaves were large and green the stalk at least three feet high and
the wellformed head filled with perfect grains Thus we succeeded in realiz
ing m burnt sand the conditions necessary to most complete vegetal nutrition
This experiment carried much force first by its practical resultand then
because it threw light on a new principle which when generally applied will
74JULY CROP REPORT1887
become one of the surest laws of agricultural art And this rule may be thus
expressed One substance nitrogenous matter which by itself has almost no
action on vegetation suddenly impresses extraordinary activity on ten other
substances mineral elements which without its association produced but an
insignificant effect
Here I repeat the useful effect was born from association This is what I
call the principle of collective forces wishing to fix its true character by this
definition and prepare your minds for generalizing its application
However important this result the experiment could not be stopped there
We were discovering the conditions which assured the activity of the minerals
but we knew nothing of the degree of efficacy of each one in particular nor
the function proper to each one
Now we were to separate these new ideas and the path for this was already
traced out
The intervention of a nitrogenous matter having been recognized as neces
sary to assure the activity of the minerals we began a new series of experi
ments in burnt sand to which we added a fixed and invariable amount of ni
trogenous matter as a constant term then by turns all the minerals united
with the exclusion of one only and the experiment multiplied so many times
that each mineral was tried
To begin this a nitrogenous matter was added to burnt sand and all the min
erals without suppressing one the growth prospered and 22 grains of wheat
gave 22 grammes of crop it might even be raised to 20 The second experi
ment was in all points like the first except that the phosphate was suppressed
What happened then The plants germinated formed their first leaves
which soon turned yellow withered and died and the crop fell to zero This
experiment is of great importance We have stated that if a nitrogenous
matter was used alone the plants would be poor and stunted but would not
die Death invariably followed the addition of minerals if the phosphates
were excluded which clearly proves that the phosphates fill two distinct func
tions they serve as food to the plants and also determine the useful action of
the other minerals
We are now in possession of a new result of great value and that is the
phosphates perform the most important function of all these minerals since to
their own nutritive properties they add the secondary effect ol determining
the assimilation of all the other minerals
After defining the functions of the phosphates we proceeded to the exclusion
of potash As soon as this alcali was deficient in the soil the plants suffered
strangely the stein instead of rising vertically bent over and crept on the
ground as if it had no solidity It did not die however hut the crop was
hardly 6 grammes
There is chemically the closest resemblance between potash and soda In
Twentytwo grains of wheat weigh onethirtieth parf of in ounce Twentytwo
grammes weigh twelve ounces The thirtieth of an ounce planted produced threefourths
of an ounce in crop in grain
758 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA
almost all the natural compounds containing potash we find soda also and one
must have a thorough knowledge of chemistry in order to distinguish the two
alkalies
But in vegetation there is an immense difference between these two alkalies
for in the experiment in which potash was suppressed and where vegetation
was so affected the soil was abundantly provided with soda It is then very
certain that soda cannot take the place of potash
Magnesia was then excluded The effect of this suppression was as strong
as in that of potash On some plants black wheat for instance the effect of
this suppression was immediately felt
The action on wheat was slower but equally as significant When the
magnesia was excluded from the soil the crop went down to 8 grammes
instead of 22 grammes
Lastly in a soil formed exclusively of silica but in an insoluble state
soluble silica was suppressed and affected the crop immediatelyit went
down from 22 grammes to 7 or 8 grammes The suppression of lime produced
a less sensible effect the return was lowered from 22 to 20 grammes
For reasons which will he given at another time we pass over the usefulness
of sulphuric acid chlorine oxyde of iron and manganese in silence though
fully recognizing their utility The study of them would not lie practically
useful in the object we are now pursuing We will stop here and look back
on the path we have gone through
to be continued
76Special Circular No 64
New Series
Questions for August Crop Report
8To be returned to the office of the Depart
ment of Agriculture by July 31st
What is the condition and prospects of
1 Cotton compared to an average
I Corn compared to an average
3 Rice compared to an average
4 Sugarcane compared to an average
5 Sweet Potatoes comp to an average
t Tobacco compared to an average
7 What are the profits of the melon
crop compared to last year
8 iive date of first appearance Cotton
Catterpillar
9 Period of excessive wet weather from
Julyto
10 Period of drouth from
lulyto
per cent
NAME
POST OFFICE
COUNTYSpecial Circular No 65
New Series
ggfTo be filled and returned to this office im
mediately on receipt
Cotton compared to an averageper cent
Corn compared to an averagepercent
Damage to Cotton by the recent rains on
bottomspercent
Damage to Corn by the recent rains on
bottomspercent
Damage to Cotton by the recent rains on
uplandspercent
Damage to Corn by the recent rains on
uplandsI
Damage to all other Crops by the recent
rains percent
REMARKS
Name
Post Office
County Circular No 94
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOE THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1887
Returned to the Department op Agriculture August 81887
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga August 10 1887 j
GENERAL REMARKS
Before the recent heavy rains the prospect of the corn and the
cotton crops was much above an average The corn was report
ed better than that of any crop since 1882 and the cotton better
than any crop in the last ten years
The regular reports of correspondents were made out and
forwarded before the last of the month in order to reach this
office on the first day of August The condition and prospect
as shown at this time was for cotton 101 corn 102 To
ascertain more nearly the damage resulting from the floods
a second series of questions was submitted to the correspondents
after the first of August These were filled and returned between
th 5th and 8th and constitute the bases on which the present
estimates are made
The damage to the ootton crop on bottoms is reported 36 per
cent Comparatively little of this crop is on bottom lands and the
damage thus reported applies most generally to narrow branch
bottoms The damage to the corn 33 per cent is very much
greater in the aggreate since the larger part of the bottom
lands of the State are devoted to this crop Along the Chat
tahoochee southeast of the Chattahoochee divide for many
miles the corn on such lands has been almost a total loss
The damage to cotton on uplands ranges in the different
sections from 5 to 19 per cent As stated by many of the
correspondents the damage cannot yet be fully estimated and
812 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
it is feared that it may much exceed this estimate North
and Southeast Georgia sustained comparatively little injury
and some of the counties in the Northwest report no injury
from excessive rains The last reports from East and South
east Georgia are meagre and may not show so nearly the
true condition Statements relating to the counties as far as
heard from will be found in the Notes of Correspondents
The catterpillar was observed in Dooly county on the 10th of
July and in a number of other counties in southwest Georgia
between the 15th and 30th Its appearance is not reported in
other sections of the State
A number of correspondents mention the appearance of rust
on cotton since the protracted rainy season an amount of dam
age as yet uncertain so much depending on future conditions of
the weather is expected from this cause
COTTON
The condition and prospect compared to an average crop is
in North Georgia 101 in Middle Georgia 86 in Southwest Geor
gia 82 in East Georgia 83 in Southeast Georgia 90 and in the
whole State 90
CORN
The condition and prospect compared to an average in North
Georgia 106 in Middle Georgia 86 in Southwest and in East
Georgia 94 in Southeast Georgia 90 and in the whole State 94
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
The reports on the rice sugar cane sweet potato and tobacco
crops were forwarded to this office before the first of August
The condition and prospect for the State as reported is as follows
Rice 93 sugar cane 96 sweet potatoes 97 tobacco 98 The averaoe
amount of damage to these crops from excessive wet weather is
according to last reports 16 per cent The average of each sec
tion is given in the tabulated report on the following page
The profits of the melon crop as compared with that of last
year is North Georgia 101 in Middle and East Georgia 97 in
Southwest Georgia 127 and in Southeast Georgia 70
82AUGUST CROP REPORT1887
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83
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z a co wDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksCrops were badly blown down land washed bridges washed away
and mail facilities cut off W 1 Burgess
BartowIt has rained four inches at ray house this day Corn and cot
ton is washed down extensively here by the recent rains C M Jones
The rainfall at least twelve inches at Allatoona A burning dry spell in
August would be fatal to the sappy cotton continued rains might be as bad
Indications are for more rain Another big rain since writing foregoing
I O McDaniel
All of July good supply at rain and the last week or ten days excessive
rain If weather will be favorable part of damage will be overcome
N B Cannon
Chattoooa We have had fine seasons but not to damage corn cotton
inJured K R Poster
No material damage to crops in this county from floods Excessive rains
prevented late cultivation of crops 0 C Cleghorn
Have had nice rains None of the waters out of banks Crops best in
ten years W F Tapp
CherokkI hope the damage north f us is not as great as it is in our im
mediate settlement jh g Paden
Very few streams in the county have been out of the banks Slight
damage to growing corn the first few days of storm J J A Sharp
CobbThe rain was needed and helped some cropspotatoes etc It came
slow but steady Passed off as it fell Too much wet Wm Alston Sr
Cant yet determine damage to bottom land
sunshine
rops until we have more
J Y Alexander
In my district where there is nothing but creek and branch bottom it is
hard to tell what the damage is as there has been but little sunshine
J F B LlNDLEY
Rust is now appearing on ootton and its fruit is falling oft J J Greer
DadeWe have had no freshets in this county The storm August 4th
wind and rain did considerable damage to corn I have not had time to esti
mate damages q A R Bible
DawsonCotton is taking a rapia growth and may be damaged Corn
has been blown down in places and has been overflown on very low lands but
the damage is not worth reporting A J Logan
FloydSorghum blown down by wind and damaged 10 per cent Water
melons damaged 50 per cent from second growth and souring etc
W S Sanford
The crops are damaged by the continued rains but to what extent we can
not say with any correct estimates So far we have escaped inundations but
84AUGUST CROP REPOKT1887
cotton is all weed and corn of course injured to some extent The greatest
damage so lar has been by wind blowing it down and breaking the stalks
but such is not generalconfined to a few localities J H Dent
ForsytiiThe recent rains has caused cotton to drop some squares but we
dont think the weed could hold all the fruit Thomas L Sims
FranklinCotton shedding its fruit badly With favorable weather for
the next month cotton will recover much that it has lost Alex White
The waters have been twentv times higher than they have been in twelve
years and low bottom lands are damaged badly J B D McWhorter
GordonThe rain commenced the 19th of July and continued almost daily
till the first day of August but not hard enough to cause overflows Cotton
too much weed H Davis
Wheat and oats damaged in shock A good many farmers failed to finish
working their crops Grass in abundance J M Harlam
I am sure the corn prospect is 10 per cent above average 20 per cent
damage to cotton may not be enough J G B Erwin
GwinnettIt is too soon after the terrible rains to estimate with
anything like accuracy the damage especially on the streams and
low lands I put it at 25 to 50 per cent On many farms in Gwinnett
the damage may be even greater than 50or half crop There are many
streams in this county with considerable area of bottom land Upon the flat
streams such as Yellow River Sweet Water Beacon River Haynes Creek
and others the damage is greater thaji on streams less fla and where the water
receded more rapidly The great damage is to bottom land corn Corn on
upland is but little damaged which will not exceed 5 to 10 per cent No cot
ton on bottom land with us and the cotton is only damaged by the excessive
moisture causing it to shed I put it at 15 per cent and with good sunshine
from this time and occasional showers it may be less Up to the freshet all
ciops with us were the finest for years R D Winn
Corn on Chattahoochee injured from 50 to 90 per cent On the creeks 25
to 50 per cent I think 35 per cent of all corn in county destroyed Four
thousand acres corn on Chattahoochee totally destroyed J T Baxter
GilmerThere was a very bad storm on the 4th in some parts of the
county which destroyed a large quantity of corn L Tankersley
HabershamCant yet tell the extent of damage in bottoms with any cer
tainty Cotton has shed a quantity of fruit but still has an abundance for a
good crop Young Davis
HallBottom corn fourfifths down and under water Upland corn dam
aged by being blown down Cotton damaged by shedding squares Melons
all gone E B Thompson
HaralsonLow lands are overflowed Corn broke down Cotton shed
ding rapidly Sorghum cane and potatoes slightly damaged
T TIT T
J W BlQGERS
HartHad it not been for the late freshet crops would have averaged 125
to 150 per cent compared to average B B Parker Jr
856
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
JacksonCreeks and rivers have been up and on low lands for eight days
and some streams higher than ever in the recollection of the oldest citizen
Cotton could not shed the blooms and it is blown down and broke badly
D J Sanders
Rain every day for the last eight days Corn has not been seriously dam
aged on upland The damage to cotton may be worse than at present appears
Jefferson Jennings
A correct estimate of damages cannot be given yet Damages may be more
than above estimate certainly not less Farmers terribly disheartened
Thomas S Johnson
Some bottom land an entire failure Upland corn damaged by storm
Forward peas ruined by rain G M D jIoolr
PickensWind blew down the corn in places Levi J Darnell
PolkLow lands where was the finest prospect for corn is now almost
ruined many places totally so So also with cotton Upland cotton shedding
stalk looks fine but the fruit is wanting j j Waddell
RabtjnWe have had rains for two weeks Crops damaged to some ex
tent but not seriously injured yet If we can get hot sun now will be good
F A Bleckley
The rain is still falling and it is hard to tell the amount of damage that
the growing crops have sustained by the recent rains Edward Sitton
WalkerWe have not had the terrible rains of other parts of the State
Crops are fine in this county j Y Wood
WhitfieldOur waters were not high but the continuous rains damaged
A storm yesterday did damage corn down W C Richardson
ntronlUly th 22d dry hot winds from the north damaged early corn
un the 1M gentle rains set in and has nearly restored the damages
J F Groves
We are not damaged by the recent rainfall R M Williamson
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Baldwin All crops that was under the water is mined It covered a
great deal of upland River higher than ever before T S Bagley
It is impossible to tell how much cotton is damaged at this time It looks
as it it was dead on the river bottom River is eight feet above high water
mark and is stll up H c fIils0
ButtsAugust 2d damage by small streams is at least 60 per cent was
not hurt much before T Pheston
CampbellCorn and cotton on river bottoms seemingly ruined On up
land the condition at present is bad Grass in abundance in all crops
F H Steed
The roots of crops seem to be soured and of course will injure it
H N CochranJULY CROP REPORT1887
Rains continue up to date August 8th Cant tell what the damages will
amouut to if it continues Corn all lost on the rivers J J Beall
CarrollAll low bottom in cotton
flowed is injured 75 per cent
ruined and low bottom that over
M B Russell
My opinion is that the rain did not hurt the crops in my portion of the
county Northeast The cotton crop was very rank and it being blown
about will cause it to mature earlier We have no bottom land in the north
part of Carroll S C Candler
ClarkeWe cannot determine yet the exact damage to cotton Corn on
large streams destroyed 50 per cent the average counting in branch bottoms
R T PlTTARD
ClaytonIt is hard at this time to tell the extent of damage to crops
Before the rain the prospect was the best ever known A P Adamson
It is impossible to give anything like a correct report on the damage yet
The cotton is taking on too much weed W P Jones
Richmond and ColumbiaIn this vicinity there are no creek bottom lands
and little branch Upland crops are not seriously hurtin many cases bene
fltted by the continuous rains Late melon crops are hurt Corn is good
Cotton looks well and with good seasons is fine but cannot with any season
equal expectations A E Cox
CowetaThe rains have never fallen so much at this season of the year
within my recollection Wm A Smith
DeKalbThere is very little cotton on bottom land in DeKalb wherever
overflown it is ruined If upland corn is late its injury is great but it matured
not so greattrifling T J Fluke
It is impossible to give you the true condition of the crops at this time for
we cannot get in the bottoms to seem them W H Carter
DouglasVery little cotton in this county on bottom lands Have not
heard fully from river farms Corn nearly all blowed down
John G Maxwell
Crops are damaged by the recent rains though they are still good and will
be if the seasons continue W H N alley
ElbertWater courses have been higher than I have ever seen them
Crops on bottoms are ruined J L Thornton
On all large streams corn and cotton are ruined
B H Heard
FayetteThe damage to crops can not be estimated fairly yet as it is still
raining cotton is taking rust J G Posey
GreenIt is utterly impossible for me to approximate a correct report for
the month We are having a regular equinoxial storm exceeding anything I
ever saw I think and the rains have been awful The damage to crops can
not be estimated at this writing I fear low ground is well nigh ruined and
damage to cotton is immensethe waters higher than ever known I think
and still raining No sun hardly in a week Dr J M Griffin
878
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
JiiSfeirt creek bottoms half ruined branch bottoms one
quartor ruined Entire corn crop injured 25 per cent C M Sanders
7YaTJmn Say th6y never knPW as much rain insame length of time
and I doubt if this report covers the average damage70 per centand there
has soiled06 f the COr aS U has been under water so long
A N Asbury
HarrisThe oldest citizens here say they never saw so much rainfall at
SMS T T Bere the h6aVy ranS bottom crP8 were never more
promising with uplands a fair average Harris county borders the Chatta
hoochee river on the east besides there are several large creeks that run
entirely through the county add to these the very largl number ot smal
creeks and the big branches and you see at once we are liable to very great
damage from excessive rainfall All of our streams run west and southwest
and empty into the Chattahoochee Some of our streams were higher than at
last years freshet while others lacked but little of being as high S
Plynn Hargett Jr
HenryCotton is shedding very rapidlv
blown down J r J
Fifty per cent of the corn is
M C Lowe
Th7d r i 6 suffered dreadfully corn almost entirely destroyed
SCI 000 21 rtl Crn TT f tis C0Unty is estimated at from 20000 to
30000 bushels Cotton is not damaged much on uplands but little in bottoms
C Vt Speer
nottoPea7RiVer and reek b0UmS alm0St a total loSS branch bttom loss
s Willis Newton
at SoTrtY TgefCTpS hetore the raiDS X Put the loss f on
at oO per cent but hundreds of acres are ruined entirelywill make nothing
hj J M Dill
anfthfnnrd668 W b
eottonmbteprffn JT8 t0 Uplan Crn wU1 rePay a11 losses on bottoms
cotton materially damaged by rust on all gray lands A E Sturgis
ruir7edrPS f COTn n bttms Subject to erflow are entirely
C J Dill
MeriwetherIf seasons suit cotton is not yet damaged A drouth of
two weeks would materially damage the product J H WilliIms
fromTwoolvf11 T Cr n riVer 5tt0ms tolly ined underwater
CottonTheddln l uS m Tnty fTOm bottoms not less tnan 10000
Cotton shedding Caterpillars and rust Guy Taylor
NewtonI have been across two districts over the ridge between the
rivers and creeks and find an average damage of about 20 per cent
ju T A Walker
bal CTn riV6r btt0mS a total failure on sma11 streams not so
E P Livingston
ulZffntT7n J0 b11Sre rttinS from the excessive wet and the
upland corn has fallen down and is souring b E Overby
PikeHard matter to estimate damage correctly We are still having
S sreatdeaIwfl1 therawter3f
PutnamI report for my immediate section of county Not much cotton
damadd0Sbn0tt0m f detr0yed Cornruined on river anS
damaged 33 per cent on creeks j T dknnisAUGUST CROP KEPORT1887
EockdaleCorn on bottoms has been under water eight days and is en
tirely ruined All cotton on bottoms is down under water and mud
J P H White
TaliaferkoThe excessive wet which still continues is inducing rust in
cotton The full extent of damage to this crop cannot now be estimated
Vegetables in gardens are dying from too much wet Melons of course fare
badly Lionel L Veazey
Much damage to crops by a six days rain and wind Highest freshet
since 1840 S J Flynt
TalbotAll cotton overflowed is almost a complete failure The roots are
sound andthe stalks dying It is raining every day more or less This is
the 16th day of rain D G Owen
Upland corn damaged very much The damage to cotton cannot yet be
estimated Wm H Ellison
TroupDamage by recent rains to cotton 30 per cent corn 30 per cent
all other crops 16 per cent If you mean by bottom lands all the bottoms on
creeks branches and rivers the above is as near right as I can make it
Jas Pattillo
WaltonThe rains have been unparalleled Our creeks branches and
rivers have been higher than ever known and remained so from continuous
rains J E Nunnally
WarrenIt is hard to tell the exact damage to cotton yet The land is
damaged more from washes than the crops are It is badly washed
B M Hasdaway
Cotton weed large dropping shapes some rust Corn badly blown
down and rotting Still raining James A Shivebs
WilkesI must decline to make figures reports and opinions are so con
flicting Bottoms never finer now never so unpromising Uplands only
damaged by local winds ruining fodder Cotton only to be decided by the
weather
John T Wingfield
SOUTHWEST GEOBGIA
BakerWe have but little bottom land subject to overflow in cultivation
in the county Open cotton rotting in the boll mature boll rotting
Beuben Jones
CalhounWe have but little bottom lands Peas and sugarcane are
doing finely since the rain set in Heaviest rainfall 5 to 7 inches from 4th
instant T P Griffin
CrawfordBeen raining tor six days almost steady All creek and river
lands covered in water and crops on same ruined The loss of corn crops will
be severe cant tell yet to what per cent Cotton crops are shedding very fast
and will also be greatly damaged but to what extent cant say yet Peas are
all sprouted in hull Fruit crop lost And still it rains J W Stroud
All corn that was covered by water a complete loss Rust in cotton on all
gray lands Damage heavy to all from wind and rain J W Dickey
DoughertyBain every day for ten days but no very heavy rains A
good deal of rust on light land and general shedding of fruit
5 A W Crosby
8910
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Th7wtriVely Hle nd in cultivati in the county subject to overflow
Ihe river is higher than it was ever known at this season of the year
B F Wilder
EfRrCotton up to the rain was the best for years
on old land since
It is all rusting out
T B Hobbs
ft0nUTJNidalge from high water but a weeks rain has cauTed cot
ton to shed considerably and it still continues to shed J D ThIbp
vereoXdttf 0m and COt0n D Creek and river botto t
Havinetoimnohnfn n UJland8 have dotted old bolls badly
saving too much rain fodder crop very short h L Long
noxTeT81 haS dne damage in ths county i has be light and
w J A Dashek
HmAlN n and COrn on river bottms is almost lost On uplands the
waTerfrItssifgTeat111111 5 cent jj
J B Murray
20th r EaeverJ day and all day and night part of the time since the
MuscoGBEThe most of the farmers estimate damage from 25 to 50 ner
ssirar1 twIiishardtoestimatecisA31nold
L t HUMBER
ytjiTMANOverflowed cotton and corn on river and creeks a total loss
Cotton on uplands damaged seriously Corn on uplands slightly inured
J E Smith
agmsbTfrightfuf t0 estimate dama a present writing The dam
v R P CUTLEND
everknownlietrA7lim11XtkUanUrfeVen is igbt the hardest
m Known nere All mills broke and bottoms submerged E S Baldwin
TYI T Chas C Sheppard
J k J iBed cop cot
Elijah Belfour
r RrortTodgoodsorae farmsJt wil bEe 2G5 cent
90AUGUST CROP REPORT1887
11
Prom June 10th to August 1st only ten days fair weather Guano cotton
burnt up Cotton without guano growing and doing well and corn is made
There will be large crops this year L H Player
Up to date August 6th old and guano cotton is burning up Cotton
without guano is doing well and growing Corn is the best in five years
S G Ponell
WorthWe have not had any very heavy rains only on the 3d and 4th
The first time the bottom land overflowed No damage done to cane and
potatoes G B Watson
EAST GEORGIA
DodgeThe rain has not hurt the crop in this county except cotton and it
is not hurt more than 10 per cent The rain has not been very heavy
Dr D M Bitchan
good deal of corn and cotton and has been
loss First catterpillar
James Bohannon
Peas are hurt by
A E Tarver
The river has overflowed a
over it several days Think it will be almost a total
seen 4th of August
JeffersonThe greatest damage to cotton is by rust
the rains No damage to cane or potatoes
JohnsonThe rain has been heavy and rust is spreading over the crops
G W Tapley
We cultivate almost entirely upland and therefore have sustained less loss
than Middle and North Georgia H L Battle
The corn crop was about made It suffered only by being blown down
and washed away Cotton suffered most It is taking rust and shedding rapidly
Seventenths of the bridges in the county washed away Rain ceased com
menced gathering fodder J T Adkins
PulaskiCotton taking on again but rust and caterpillars make the out
look gloomy Cannot yet accurately estimate the cotton crop J P Brown
Terrible rains Cotton rusting and catterpillars have made their appear
ance S W Brown
RichmondI have conversed with planters on low lands some are hope
ful others despondent Some say by frequent rains they will make good
crops yet The rain will wash the mud from the ear and leave it as fresh and
good as before Others say nothing can save it In very low places where
the water stood on it any length of time the corn sours as soon as the sun
shines on it or the water gets warm The hay crop in some places is badly
damaged In higher localities not much damage except by particles of mud
clinging to the grass makes it smell badly muddy and causes it to be very
dusty This will increase weight but causes the hay to loose much of its nu
tritious quality and no doubt will be injurious to stock The melon crop is
badly damaged and such as we now have are so watery they are unfit for use
The late crop promises better results than the earlier crops did Altogether
the outlook is not as bad as it could be not near so as it has been in some sea
sons in bygone years but not near so promising in glorious prospects as it was
one week ago A W Rhodes
TwiggsRains for this last two weeks have been excessive injuring fodder
much the only injury to the corn crop Pea crop extraordinary
H S Wimberly
WashingtonHave been injured by drouth but rain has not damaged us
appreciablybeen a benefit No bottoms here the river flooded from rains
above J C Hurman
9112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
oTlIniS0me plwS 01 e JT and creeks the hiSh water has used consid
erable damage but outside of this the leeent rains have caused so far but little
injury to our crops H N Hollifield
HC0we0AJmileJ0f hereis hiSher than has been since the
Harrison Freshet Old residents say it was as high as that famous freshet
W A Snelling
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
EcholsMy report applies to seaisland cotton only Damage to cotton
on bottoms 20 per cent uplands 10 per cent It is still raining consequently
the estimate is not entirely reliable G W Prine
omfwSAMWVlave hld a rainy Spe11 and H may make the cotton ed
some but it is none too wet here Amos F Rohk
Recent rains have improved all crops not matured previous to rain but
may have caused a slight rust on high sandy land planted to cotton
F R Tarver
fWIT7 harained nearlJ every day since the 21st day of June until
the 2d of this month L 0 DAyIS Jr
PierceNo particular damage done though it is yet showery
A L R Avant
CONTINUATION OF LECTURE ON VEGETAL PRODUCTION
BY PROF GEORGES VILLE
Translated by Miss E L Howard
We have succeeded in the most sterile soil that mind can conceive with no
resources but the substances contained in the embryo of the grain in raising
plants which ran through all the phases of their natural evolution although
always in a stunted condition To this first result we added another that is
whonfn ft VntrduIOn f Carbon hydrogen and oxygen into the soil even
when in the form of humus no appreciable effect was produced and the crop
in no way increased H
rJBff Wxlfries of experiments was tried the action of all the minerals
united but the nitrogenous matter excluded their effect was almost nothing
ofCitroen S WS produced as soon as the minerals received the help
inrdltsSJrmTavrtiCialSOilWereinal1 PintS comparable with those grown
n good soil Thus here is incontestable proof that in a soil where nothing is
raiseTto h TT fuffloient by adding certain chemical product to
raise it to the equal of a fertile soil
nomena reaching thh point we pushed forward in the analysis of these phe
J3 S6rieS f expnts Mch were in fact but a development of the
XT V suliceedued Rowing light upon the action of all the minerals
taken separately phosphates silica magnesia and potash distinctlv showing
tne function proper to each one 6
fiJehfUfidameUa1100nditi0SOf VeSetal Production being examined and de
lined by the preceding experiments we made a new step in advance LeavAUGUST CROP REPORT1887
13
ing the culture of burnt sand we extended our investigations to the natural
soils of the most varied character
Submitting them to the same system of experimenting we found that no
matter how different there was a broad line of division between the phenome
na produced from them and those observed in burnt sand
For vegetation to prosper in burnt sand we must make use of the ten minerals
and a nitrogenous matter In a natural soil on the contrary no matter how
poor it maybe a nitrogenous matter and only three minerals phosphoric acid
potash and lime were sufficient for the wants of the plants The returns were
maintained at the same point as when we added besides sulphur silica soda
magnesia iron chlorine and this shows you why I have not insisted on the
functions of these bodies
The results obtained in the natural soils caused the exclusion of these bodies
from the fertilizers and the admitting only the four terms nitrogenous matter
phosphate potash and lime This is not arbitrary on our part it is the teach
ing of experience I have never found a natural soil in which with the use
of these four substances I have not grown crops comparable with those grown
in the best soils it
This result is possible because the worst soils are provided with the seven
minerals excluded from the fertilizer There was the same cause for the exclu
sion of carbon hydrogen and oxygen it was not necessary to furnish them to
the plants for they drew them from the atmosphere
Therefore we must not confuse what is required in a soil of burnt sand
which is only a seat of support lor the plants with what is required for plants
in a natural soil If a burnt sand is used or an equivalent medium vegeta
tion requires ten minerals and a nitrogenous matter If on the contrary a
natural soil is used a nitrogenous matter and three minerals are all that is
required
For practical agriculture a nitrogenous matter and three minerals
When in 1861 I advanced this proposition in my teaching at Vmcennes I
accompanied it with a declaration that I believe useful to reproduce here to
avoid misunderstanding
I give the name complete fertilizer to the union of phosphate of lime pot
ash lime and a nitrogenous matter
In thus acting I do not pretend to deny the utility of the other minerals
I suppress them in the fertilizer because the soil is naturally provided with
Why add to the fertilizer that which adds nothing to its effects and com
plicates what would otherwise be more simple
You see gentlemen in this there is neither system nor theory but the direct
testimony of practical experience which can invariably be relied upon and
which I sum up in this simple table
WEIGHT OF CROPS
Burnt sand6 grains
Burnt sand with addition of ten minerals8 grains
Burnt sand with addition of nitrogenous matter9 grains
Burnt sand with addition of minerals and nitrogenous matter 18 to 22 grains
If we pass from these fundamental facts to the function of each mineral ele
ment in particular the results are neither less precise or explicit The soil is
provided with nitrogenous matter as a constant term
F GRAINS
With all the minerals less phosphate 000
With all the minerals less potash 900
Yiith all the minerals less magnesia 00
With all the minerals less soluble silica 800
With all the minerals without any suppression18 to 2200
9314 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
What must be done to decide this question
oiiteTtfcd1iMd rd clayor sand and
JVjth the use of all the mmerals and a nitrogenous matter the return was
In burnt sand to grains
In sand and clay it remained 2200
In sand clay and calcareous matter ooao
In sand and humus
In sand humus and clay 2200
In sand humus clay and calcareous matteritrose to ifoo
rislsl 022 rnT f 6ach the return
creases and ends bv reachinfw Tg Smme as the calcareous salt in
a i as 1 sr zriot nrf d wkAUGUST CROP REPORT1887
15
the satisfaction of seeing the crops grown on such poor soils raised to the same
level with the alluvial soils famed for their fertility and cultivated with ma
nure that is to say with the help of humus
It is admissible just here to recall an example already given in a lecture in
1867 for it is so decisive and complete
In Champagne on uncultivated land worth hardly 16 an acre that was
broken up for this purpose two parallel experiments were made One part
was given 70000 pounds of manure and along side was used 1056 pounds of
chemical fertilizer On neither spot was humus used What was the result
Sixteen bushels ot grain per acre from the manure and fortytwo bushels per
acre from the chemical fertilizer You can draw your own conclusions
You see gentlemen how careful I am in limiting myself to the testimony of
exact experiments no matter what they may be
From all the preceding there is one important result and one which cannot
be controverted or overcome and that is that by the aid of purely chemical
manures and with the exclusion of organic matter crops were grown which
were very superior to those grown by use of manure
But just here there is an objection to which we must reply
How say you is it possible that burnt sand shows itself equal in quality to
a mixture of sand clay and calcareous matter and there is no difference between
them in relation to crops while the universality of agricultural facts attest to
the contrary Does not all the world know that the classification of soils as
strong light lands good for barley and good for wheat are perfectly judicious
classifications 1 do not object to the legitimacy of the objection but the ex
planation is easy In precise experiments the plant is guarded by incessant
care it is shaded from too great heat of the sun it is watered many times a
day it surfers neither from excess of moisture or drouth In natural conditions
it is not the same The plant is exposed to all the variations of the seasons
and to all the accidents resulting from exposure Then according as the land
is light or strong the quantity of water retained in the soil changes very much
and the locality in which plants are placed modifies them in a corresponding
measure From which it comes that the variations in the crop according as
the soil holds more or less clay is not caused by the part which clay takes in
the nutrition of plants but the conditions more or less favorable as the soil in
which the plants grow contains more or less moisture
You see gentlemen that in all the facts ot which I speak to you I abstain
absolutely from all theory My supreme ambition has been to grow vegeta
tion with chemical products in a medium where nothing unknown was admit
ted and so placing myself in such conditions that the experiment was always
under incessant control
Such then in the most concise form are the results which led me into six
teen years of assiduous experiment I say nothing of the practical difficulties
which long hindered me
One cannot know unless they have worked at it themselves how difficult it
is to protect themselves from outside influences
All the clays and all the pots gave the water traces of salts of lime and pot
ash of chlorides and sulphates and small as the exudations may be they
troubled the true signification of the phenomena I was compelled to use pure
substances only I put them at work in a soil formed exclusively of silica I
made my conclusions solely from the testimony of the vegetation and I have not
accepted this testimony positively until after having proved by the analysis of
the crops that nothing foreign had entered into them My declarations are
free from all hazardous assertions from all disturbing influences and from all
which could escape a vigorously exact and truly scientific statement
But this is not all The complete fertilizer composed of four terms phos
phoric acid lime potash and nitrogen suffice as we have said to make the
9516
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
most sterile soil fertile now what we must add to this is that all these four nec
essary bodies have not the same utility to all vegetation indiscriminately that
according to the nature of ths plants one of them exercises a superior influ
ence which makes it the regulator of the crop
I explain myself the nitrogenous matter is the one of the four bodies which
has a superior influence in the growth of wheat beets and hemp Double triple
the quantity of phosphate potash or lime and the crop does not change but if
on the contrary you vary the quantity of nitrogenous matter immediately the
crop increases according to corresponding increase an evident proof that in
regard to wheat beets and hemp nitrogen fulfills a really predominant function
But an equally essential result and one we must keep well before us is thai
if we suppress the three minerals in the fertilizer and reduce its composition
to a nitrogenous matter only its efficacy ceases almost entirely to show its
real superiority it must be associated with the minerals and if its use alone
succeeds well in the soil it is because the soil is alreadv provided with the
three minerals phosphoric acid potash and lime
Take up wheat Irish potatoes and Legumes and we find nitrogenous matter
has a secondary place and potash becomes the preponderant element and shows
this majestic and dominant faculty
Phosphate of lime or superphosphate of lime is the dominant for sugar cane
corn sorghum and turnips
We are thus led to the following capital conclusions By the help of sim
ple chemical products and with the exclusion of all unknown substances we
can grow the maximum crop from all plants in any place or in any condition
of soil and by varying the amount of these products we may regulate the
working of vegetation as we do that of a machine the useful effect being propor
tionate to the fuel consumed
You see besides this that agricultural production has the sole characteris
tic of returning infinitely more than it has cost for all the forces of nature
heat light of the sun air dew and rain add their invisible cooperation to the
action of man who in this majestic harmony is but a seed it is true but a
seed which thinks and which owes to this sovereign faculty the privilege of
command over the elements that we sometimes feel have combined against him
There is nothing arbitrary in these conclusions there is neither supposition
or theory on our part it is experiment which speaks the most exact experi
ment which can be depended upon most practically
We will go now gentlemen if you will follow me from this dogmatic expla
nation to an experimental demonstration
Where can we go for this
Where we can show you orops which have received none but chemical fer
tilizers for thirteen years You will judge of their condition Then we will
go successively to each one where one of the four terms of the complete fertil
izer has been suppressed and according to the nature of the plant you will see
the truth of this proposition that there is always one of them which fills a
superior function and in this way I can furnish you proofs of the two funda
mental facts that in the formation of vegetation there is no mystery that the
agents which preside at this formation are as well known to u as those made
use of in the making of chemical products The methods are different but
the forces called in play are not the same but the result is identical since in
using rigorously defined bodies we arrive by a way certain to produce by
means of vegetation substances none less well known here oil there sugar
other parts starch or gluten here food grains forages and there tinctorial
matters or textiles and with what always with the same four elements and
whose elements we need only vary in quantities
And now gentlemen since the bases of the new doctrine are familiar to
u et us gather the testimony ot practiceSpecial Circular No 66 1
New Series j
Questions for September Crop Report
BSTo be returned to the office of the Depart
ment of Agriculture by August 31st
What is the condition and prospects of
1 Cotton compared to an average per cent
2 Corn compared to an average percent
3 Rice compared to an average per cent
I Sugar Cane compared to an averageper cent
5 Sweet Potatoes comp to an average per cent
6 Tobacco compared to an average percent
7 What casualties have affected th
cotton crop
8 Give date of first appearance Cotton
Catterpillar
9 Number of stock hogs compared to
last year per cent
10 Condition of stock hogs compared
to an average per cent
NAME
POST OFFICE
COUNTYCircular No 95
New Series I
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1887
Returned to the Department of Agriculture Sept 1 1887
Department ok Agriculture j
Atlanta Ga September 8 1887
GENERAL REMARKS
The prospect of the growing crops up to the latter part of the
month of July indicated the largest production of cotton and
corn lor many years and in many localities as stated by corres
pondents the largest that has ever been known After the
excessive rains of July the reports received on the first of August
indicated more than an aveage crop for the State of both corn
and cotton Since that date the crops have fallen off materially
in prospective yield The crops on alluvial bottoms subject to
overflow in many portions of Middle and Southern Georgia have
been almost totally destroyed
COTTON
The condition and prospect September 1 is In North Georgia
93 in Middle Georgia 81 in Southwest Georgia 74 in East Geor
gia 75 in Southeast Georgia 80 and in the whole State 82 The
average for the State falls 19 points below that of the condition
as reported to the office August 1
The counties owing to local differences in seasons vary widely
in estimates of prospective yields some falling as low as 60 while
97DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
others go as high as 125 The heaviest rains of July and August
were within a zone of seventyfive or one hundred miles in width
following closely the direction of the Chattahoochee River in its
course across the State with its centre perhaps from ten to thirty
miles southeast of this river Within this belt of country and
south of it on bottom lands subject to overflow the effects were
most disastrous
The cotton caterpillar is reported as having made its appearance
in all sections of the State They were first noted in Southwest Geor
gia between July 1 and August 16 in East Georgia between
Augnst 2 and 25 in Southeast Georgia August 10 in Middle
Georgia between 8 and 20 and in North Georgia between 12
and 2d
Complaints of rust and shedding as a sequence of the excessive
wet weather in the latter part of July and the first of August are
general over the State Since about the 10th of August the con
ditions have been most favorable for picking and the work of
gathering the crop is being actively pushed
From information received from various counties in Middle and
South Georgia since the compilation of the reports it is appre
hended that the disastrous effects of rust caterpillar boll worm
and rapid shedding will materially reduce the figures of this
month
CORN
This crop in comparison with an average is reported in North
Georgia 97 in Middle Georgia 87 in Southeast Georgia 94 in East
Georgia 99 and in Southeast Georgia 100 The average for the
State is 97 being five points lower than the prospective condition
as reported August 1
The damage to the crop by the floods is not as great as was
apprehended at the close of the rainy season
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
The prospective yield of the rice crop in Southeast Georgia
where the largest part of the crop is grown is 8 points below the
reports of August 1 Sugar cane in Southwest Georgia has fallen
4 points The other sections where the crop is grown report the
condition the same or higher than on the first of Alienist The
sweet potato and tobacco crops sustained comparatively little from
98SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887 g
the excessive rains the reports in the average for the State
being about the same as for August The prospect of each of these
crops for the section will be found in the tabulated reports on
the following page
STOCK HOGS
The number of stock hogs compared to last year is In North
Georgia 92 in Middle Georgia 89 in Southwest Georgia 110 in
East Georgia 96 in Southeast Georgia 95 and in the whole
State 96
The condition of stock hogs compared to an average is In
North Georgia 97 in Middle Georgia 90 in Southwest Georgia 100
in Bast and Southeast Georgia 99 and the average for the
State 98
99TABULATION OF CROP REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 1887
Showing Condition and Prospect for Crops Etc
tj
iC




O
o bb
ir o o
3 8 3j fi
0 r C 1 c 3 d So o u O c o e
o
E g a s a 2 a OJ
o 3 s
p o U K H Q
o 93 92 89
81 87 88 96 95 91 96 August 820

74 94 94 96 9J 92 no 100 July 1August 16

75 99 91 99 99 95 96 99 August 225

86 100 81 93 99 95 99 August 10

82 97 88 96 97 94 96 9H
0

w
H
bg
tS

o
r

O
IS
SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887
NOTES OF CORRESPONDENTS
HartThe rains that fell in July known as the July freshet has affected
corn and cotton different from any that I ever knew The corn that was not
out of the roasting ear stopped at that stage and made no more The cotton
with the exception of fresh red land did not grow any at all The August
crop is off considerable Not a boll worm or a caterpillar has appeared
J B Ware
MadisonCotton is opening Owing to the weather in the month of July
a great deal of the middle crop has dropped oft Notwithstanding everything
being favorable Madison county will yet make a fine crop We are at this
time having showers of rain which we think will make the top crop good
Bottom land corn about all ruined Upland corn is injured some
J F Payne
HarrisWill some one experienced in the growing of the Spanish ground
pea and Kaffir corn give through these reports the manner of planting cul
tivating and harvesting the crops that will enable the farmer to obtain the
best results Would not the Spanish ground pea planted in missing places
where there was deficient stand of cotton give the best results of any
thing else J B Pate
HenryIt seems from the cotton now that a wet year is more disastrous than
a dry one The boll worm has appeared again almost as disastriously as five
years ago Try bottom land in rust proof oats sowing first of October and fol
low with corn by first to tenth of June Sow down and pasture your poorest
land or let it rest two years I believe a movable fence of four inch stripping
and hinges would pay us much better for pasturing or penning cattle
Merkei C Lowk
JonesI am fully convinced of the fact that in eight cases out of ten that
there are too many cotton plants allowed to remain in the field or in other
words we have cotton too thick on the landwhether rich or poor The
crop would mature faster retain its fruit better and be more certain if only
one stalk was left where now there are two By giving more distance it is
easier to work the bolls larger and the stalk has more fruit upon it It matures
quicker and thereby insures a crop early This season we have extra growth
and only a moderate quantity of fruit R T Ross
Lincoln Before the freshet of the 29th of July I think the corn crop was
the finest ever produced in the county I think at least 40 per cent of the
crop was upon the Savannah Little River and the large creeks in the county
and the most of it just getting in roasting ear consequently it is completely
destroyed also the cotton where overflowed 10 per cent of the crop will make
nothing This was the most destructive freshet that ever visited the county
101DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
at least within the last hundred years as we have data reaching back that far
Some farmers lost their whole crop ol corn your correspondent among the
mber J M Dill
RockdaleThe middle crop of bolls on cotton is light in consequence of
the heavy rains washing the pollen out of the blooms the last week in July
also the top crop is being thrown off considerably from the drenched condition
of the lands with some indications of rust Peas are doing well
J B KEEN
CrawfordOur prospects up to the excessive rains were very nattering
indeed seldom do we have such for both corn and cotton our crops were bet
ter than an average yet we had no rain to make it grow though we never had
finer The damage to cotton crops are considered by most of our intelligent
farmers at about half a crop on bottoms where they were overflown they are
lost Corn on river bottoms are almost lost some say ninetenths some less
nd some all As for my farms which are on big creeks the water did not
stand on crops long I think 1 could be safe in saying about half a crop lost
We had a good deal of wind that blew down corn and all that is lost corn on
upland in same fix all that touched the ground is lost Peas that were matured
completely lost sprouted and rotted in the hull on the stalk all that were not
so far advanced bid fair to make a good crop yet vines are fine Peaches
what few that were left by the late cold snaps all rotted and fell off Apples
but few LeConte pear trees dead from blight or some other disease Melons
fair large quantities could be raised but no market for them Potato crop bids
fair up lo date where they have been worked properly Cane also is proinis
ing John W Stroud
MillkkIt rained so much and so long there has been but very little fod
der saved in my county corn was blown down and it rained until farmers
could not save it Cotton had taken rust and rain set in making it shed its
fruit and since it has ceased to rain so much the sun shines so hot that minia
tured bolls are opening to a considerable extent of damage Sweet potatoes are
slightly injured by too much growth of vines Rice but little grown here
this year and it seems that something has retarded its maturity Sugarcane is
as tineas the land can make Sorghum none grown Peaches and apples fine
in this county Ground peas as fine as can be made here H K H Horn
MorganI received from the Department some Spanish ground peas for
distribution to our club I planted myself not quite onesixteenth of an
acre10 x 30 yards I gathered them today and made five bushels heaping
measure of clean ground peas without picking one from the ground simply
pulling up the vines and picking from them I am highly pleased with
them They only had one hoeing and two plowings were manured with
ground cotton seed and acid phosphate at the rate of 400 pounds per acre
P G Walker
102SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887 7
LibertyFrom observation and enquiry I find the eotton crop not injured
as bad as was thought in mylast report In some localities the crop is not
injured at all on uplands On the bottom lands along the rivers the crops of
till kinds are a total loss G M T McXkod
ECONOMY IN FERTILIZATION
Ever since the Department of Agriculture of Georgia was organized an
effort has been made through its puhihed reports to impress upon the farm
ers of the State the importance of adopting some cheap means of increasing
the yield of their crops and at the same time increase the fertility of the
soil The value of pea vines as an improver of the soil has been repeatedly
urged upon the attention of the farmers while the superiority of composts
over high priced commercial manure has been shown by repeated experiments
conducted under the auspices of the Department since its organization
Formulae and directions for composting home manures without superphosphates
and kainit have been published in the reports of the Department from time to
time and results of experiments with the composts made according to these
formulae published in Soil Test Reports since 1875 These results show very
conclusively the great economy in the use of the compost since at much less
than the cost per acre of the commercial fertilizers as good yields have been
uniformly obtained
In the experiments conducted under the auspices of this Department in
every part of the State the compost of superphosphates and kainit with cotton
seed and stable manure has been compared with the best grades of commer
cial fertilizers with results most favorable to the compost
While pea vines and lime furnish the cheapest and most effective means of
improving and maintaining the productiveness of soils in which phosphoric
acid and potash is not too nearly exhausted For exhausted soils a compost of
superphosphate and kainit with stable manure and cotton seed furnishes
beyond question the most economical manure the Southern farmer can apply
to his crop from year to year
Besides applying plant food in the best and most available forms the com
post exerts a mechanical influence upon the soil not produced by the plain
commercial fertilizers Either the compost or the pea vines will supply all
the ammonia needed in our soils the compost for special manuring of crops
and the pea vinos will furnish ammonia and humus to the whole soil It must
not however be understood that ammonia is the only important element of
plant food supplied by these cheap sources of fertility On the contrary they
supply all the elements of plant food Some of these however exist in such
small percentages that very large quantities of the substances must be applied
to supply these elements in sufficient quantities for the production of maxi
103DEPARTMENT OF AGR1CU LTU REGEORGIA
mum crops The principal deficiency is in the percentage of phosphoric acid
contained in pea vines and stable manure This is supplied by the addition
of superphosphate in the compost at the time of putting it up The pea vines
may be manured with superphosphates and thus at the same time supply this
essential element of fertility to the soil and increase the growth of vines to be
returned to the soil
A comparison of the analyses of the field pea with that of clover which has
been used as a soilimprover so long shows very slight difference so far as
either their feeding or manorial value is concerned

FOKMULE FOR COMPOSTS
If the stable manure and cotton seed have been protected from waste by
exposure to rain and son the following formula is recommended
Stable Manureb50 pounds
Green Cotton SeedtioO pounds
Superphosphate700 pounds
Making a ton of2000 pounds
If the compost is intended for use on soils particularly deficient in potash
the proportion of cotton seed and stable manure may be reduced 50 pounds
each and 100 pounds of Kainit used instead The formula would then be
Stable ManureCOO pounds
Cotton Seed green600 pounds
Superphosphate700 pounds
Kainit 100 pounds
Making a ton of 2000 pounds
These ingredients may be varied in proportions to adapt the resulting com
posts to different soils or crops but either of the above will be tound to give
satisfactory results on every class of soils and on all of our cultivated crops
Directions for CompostingThe ingredients may be mixed either by build
ing up the heap by alternate layers of the ingredients or they may be thor
oughly mixed and thrown into a heap In either case water should be freely
used on the coarse materials while composting
The following directions which have been given in former publications ot
this department have been generally followed by those who have used the
compost with most satisfactory results Most farmers prefer the plan of mix
ing the ingredients well before placing them in the heap for fermentation
Under this plan the mingling of the ingredients is more thorough during the
process ot fermentation and hence its effects are probably more thorough
though both plans have given good results
Directions for CompostingSpread under shelter a layer of stablemanure
four inches thick on this sprinkle a portion of the phosphate next spread a
layer of cotton seed three inches thick wet these thoroughly with water and
then apply more of the phosphate next spread another layer ot stable manure
104SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887
three inches thick and continue to repent these layers in the above order and
in proportion to the quantity of each used to the ton until the material ii
consumed Cover the whole mass with stable manure or scrapings from the
lot one or two inches thick Allow the heap to stand in this condition until a
thorough fermentation takes place which will require from three to six weeks
according to circumstances dependent upon proper degree of moisture and
the strength of the materials used When the cotton seed are thoroughly
killed with a sharp hoe or mattock cut down vertically through the layers
pulverize and shovel into a heap where the fermentation will be renewed
and the compost be still further improved Let it lie two weeks after cutting
down it will then be ready for use
The following plan of mixture gives equally satisfactory results Mix the
cotton seed and the stable manure in proper proportion moisten them with
water apply the proportion of phosphate and mix thoroughly shoveling into
a mass as prepared
There is some advantage in this plan from the fact that the ingredients are
thoroughly commingled during fermentation
Eor CottonApply in the opening furrow 200 pounds and with th
planting seed 75 or 100 pounds making in all 275 or 800 pounds per acre If
it is desired to apply a larger quantity open furrows the desired distance and
over them sow broadcast 400 pounds per acre bed the land and then apply
100 pounds per acre with the seed
For CornApply in the hill by the side of the seed one gill to the bill
An additional application around the stalk before the first plowing will
largely increase the yield of grain
True prosperity can never crown the efforts of the farmers of the State so
long as home production is neglected and its place supplied by purchase from
abroad at a rate of interest ranging from 40 per cent to 52 per cent on cash
prices
COTTON SUED AS A FERTILIZING MATERIAL
The Commissioner has frequent enquiries from farmers for information
concerning the relative fertilizing value of cotton seed and cotton seed meal
The following tables reprinted from Circular 51 published in 1884 present
the analysis of the seed and that of its component parts in a way that will
be readily understood
1 100 pounds of green cotton seed will yield
Ammonia250 pounds
Phosphoric Acidi00 Puna
PotashL25 PUld8
2 100 pounds of green cotton seed will yield
LintClinters2 pounds
Oil If gallons13 pounds
Hulls50 Pund9
Cotton seed meal36 Poundi
10510
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
usually obtained
S 100 pounds cotton seed hulls will yield
Ammonia
Phosphoric Acid 25Pud
Potash 02o pound
085 pound
4 100 pounds cotton seed meal will yield
Ammonia
Phosphoric Acid 800 pOUnds
Potash 275 Pds
150 pounds
5 100 pounds of the ashes of hulls such as ar
from oil mill furnaces will yield
Phosphoric Acid
Potash 600 pounds
2000 pounds
6 10b0uTnwf T10 T ni1 iS6qUal Uet about 250 pounds 8J
bushels of cotton seed
aoiOiIZl th 7ercial vaUu f to be 15 cents phosphoric
acd 7 cents and potash 5 cents per pound the value of cotton seed
eomponent parts are as follows
100 pounds green cotton seed
1 bushel green cotton seed about
1 ton green cotton seed about
100 pounds of hulls
1 ton of hulls
100 pounds cotton seed meal
1 ton cotton seed meal
100 pounds of kernels
1 ton of kernels
and its
051
015
100 pounds ashes of hulls
1 ton ashes of hulls
010
198
148
2962
108
2162
145
2900
The above is based solely on the assumed values of the valuable fertilizing
for aPPateS the present cost of these materials in other
A fertilizer well suited for most crops maybe made with acid phosphate
kainit and cotton seed meal in the following proportions
Acid Phosphate
Cotton Seed Meal 1B00 pounds
Ivainit 500 pounds
200 pounds
A mixture of these materials in this proportion would containTboitTpt
per cent phosphor acid 2 per cent of ammonia and 1 of potash
106SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887
11
FORMULA FOR CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
The following tables by Prof Georges Ville are the result of thirty years
experiment begun it is true in burnt sand but practically tested by himself in
open ground first at Vineennes then in many parts of Europe by practical
farmers who wished to grow their crops with more certain results larger quan
tities and more profit
Hundred of these practical farmers testify they have gained these three
points of greater certainty larger quantities and increased profit by adhering
to Prof Villes methods not by buying expensive chemicals and putting them
haphazard on their fields but by analyzing their soil by plants thus knowing
in what their land was deficient and continuing this analysis on plats aside
from the main crop with every crop made gaining a practical knowledge each
season of the kind ot fertilizer required for the successful feeding of the crop
tor the following season
The manufacturers of fertilizers ot the United States can testify to the value
which Prof Villes formula of fertilizers have been to them
The Crop Report for October will have plates showing the effect of the
absence or presence of the dominant of a plant and the effect of the dominant
used alone or associated with the four terms of the complete fertilizer
E L H
INDEX AND CLASSIFCATION OF THE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
AND THEIR DERIVATIVESComplktk Fertilizer
DOMINANT NITROGEN
Complete Fertilizer No 1
Rape Hemp Meadow Cereals
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs
Nitrate of Potash176 lbs
Sulphate of Ammonia220 lbs
Sulphate of Lime308 lbs
105G lbs
Complete Fertilizer No 2
Beets Carote Vegetables
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs
Nitrate of Potash176 lbs
Nitrate of Soda264 lbs
Sulphate of Lime26 lbs
1056 lbs
DOMINANT POTASH
Complete Fertilizer No 3
Irish Potatoes Flax
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs
Nitrate of Potash264 lbs
Sulphate of Lime264 lbs
S80 lbs
Complete Fertilizer No 4
Vines Fruit Trees
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime528 lbs
Nitrate of Potash440 lbs
Sulphate of Lime352 lbs
1320 lbs
10712
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Dominant Phosphate of Lime
Complete Fertilizer No 5
Corn SugarCane Sorghum Artichoke
Superphosphate of Lime
Nitrate of Potash
Sulphate of Lime
per acre
528 lbs
176 lbs
352 lbs
No Dominant
I Complete Fertilizer No 6
Flax for Lace Legumes Lucerne
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs
Nitrate of Potash170 lbs
Sulphate of Lime352 lbs
880 lb
1056 lbs
HOMOGENOUS FERTILIZERS
Types 1 They are of the same composition as the corresponding Complete
Feitilizer but the nitrate of potash is replaced by a mixture of chloride of
potash and sulphate of ammonia
DOMINANT NITROGEN
Complete Fertilizer No 1
Rape Hemp Cereals Meadow
per acre
SUP1 rphcBphate of lime lbs
Chloride ol Patash at SO 176 lbs
Sulphate of ammonia 343 lbs
Sulphate of Lime Is lbs
1056 lbs
Complete Fertilizer No 2
Beets Carots Vegetables
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs
Chloride of Potash at so 177 lbs
Sulphate of Ammonia123 lbs
Nitrate of Soda264 lbs
Sulphate of Lime140 lbs
1056 lbs
Complete Fertilizer No 3
Still understudy
Complete Fertilizer No 4
Vines Fruit Trees
per aere
Superphosphate of Lime528 lbs
Chloride of Potash at SO 441 lbs
Sulphate of Ammonia80S lbs
Sulphate of Lime 41 lbs
1300 lbs
Ivpes ip The Superphosphate ol Lime is replaced by precipitated phos
phate Ph Q5 2Ca Oxaq
Complete Fertilizer No 1 p
Rape Hemp Cereals Meadow
Precipitated Phosphate Pl4bs
Nitrate of Potash 176 lC
Sulphate of Ammonia Vn ikr
sulphate of Line i38 lbs
Complete Fertilizer No 2 p
Beets Carots Vegetables
per acre
Precipitated Phosphate140 lbs
Nitrate of Potasli17c lbs
Nitrate of Soda204 lbs
Sulphate of Lime291 lbs
ssi 1 lbs
880 lbs
Complete Fertilizer No p
Complete Fertilizer No I p
Irish Potatoes Flax
Precipitated Phosphate piUbs
Nitrat of Potash jbV
Sulphate of Lime291 lbs
Vines Fruit Trees
per aere
Precipitated Phosphate220 lbs
Nitrate of Potash 4411
Potash
Sulphate of Lime
1411 lbs
220 lbs
704 lbs
Nos 6 p and 1 under study
ss 11m
108SEPTEMBER CROP REPORTU
IS
INTENSE COMPLETE FERTILIZERS
They differ from the corresponding Complete Fertilizers by the increased
amount of the dominant
DOMINANT NITROGEN
Intense Complete Fertilizer No 1
Rape Hemp Wheat
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs
Nitrate of Potash176 bs
Sulphate of Ammonia308 IDS
Sulphate of Limeos lbs
1114 lbs
DOMINANT POTASH
Intense Complete Fertilizer No 3
Intense Complete Fertilizer No 2
Beets Carots Vegetables
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime852 lbs
Nitrate of Potash176 lbs
Nitrate of Soda396 lbs
Sulphate of Lime220 lbs
1144 lbs
DOMINANT PHOSPHATE OF LIME
Irish Potatoes Flax
per acre
352 lbs
Superphosphate of Lime
Nitrate of Potash264 bs
Nitrate of Soda 85 bs
Sulphate of Lime179 lbs
Intense Complete Fertilizer No 4
880 lbs
Corn Sugar Cane Sorghum
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime528 lbs
Nitrate of Potash176 lbs
Sulphate o Ammonia ltp
Sulphate of Lime2tll lbs
1056 lbs
INCOMPLETE FERTILIZERS
are derived from Complete Fertilizers Nos 1 and 2 by the suppression
of the potash and from Complete Fertilizer No 6 by the suppression
of
WITHOUT POTASH
Incomplete Fertilizer No 1
Rape Hemp Cereals Meadow
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs
Sulphate of Ammonia308 lbs
Sulphate of Lime220 lbs
880 lbs
Incomplete Fertilizer No 2
Beets Carots
Superphosphate of Lime
Nitrate of soda
Sulphate of Lime
per acre
352 lbs
WITHOUT NITROGEN
Incomplete Fertilizer No 6
Legumes Sanfoin Clover Lucerne 1
per acre
Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs
Chloride of Potash170 lbs
Sulphate of Lime352 lbs
880 lbs
1 For Lucerne a mixture of 88 lbs of
chloride of potash and 88 lbs of sulphate of
potash replaced the 176 lbs of chloride of
potash and gave me excellent results
2 Chloride of potash is much cheaper
than sulphate of potash
10914
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
FERTILIZER FOR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
DESIGNED TO ACT NOT ONLY ON THE AMOUNT OF OROP BUT ON THE QUALITY
OF THE CROP
These fertilizers are still under study but by looking at the plates of corn
forage and corn shown in the Brussels Lectures published in this department
in 188 you will sec the effect on corn by substituting sulphateof potash and
chloride of potash for nitrate of potash Sulphate of potash grew luxuriant
forage without grain chloride of potash grew less stalk but an ear of corn well
filled with perfect grains
110THE
GEORGIA STATE FAIR
HELD ANNUALLY AT
MACON GEORGIA
Opening October 24th 1887 and Continuing One Week
12000 IN CASH PREMIUMS
To the County making the best and largest display of agricultural product home iudus
try a cash prize of 100000 is offered County making the second best display S50000
Third best display 25000
To the individual making the best and largest display 10000 second 5000 third
2500 and a larger number of smaller premiums than ever before
THE FAIR OF 1887
promises to be the grandest Exhibition ever held in Georgia The citizens of Macon are
alive to the fact that the STATE FAIR is the most beneficial enterprise to the State and
eity and every man is at work New hotels and boarding houses will be built to accom
modate the large crowds and every man woman or child can find accommodations in
the city The Railroads will give cheap rates A larger number of attractions than ever
before will be procured Agriculture is the basis of all prosperity and the Fairs do more
to stimulate industry than all other agencies
For Premium List and further particulars address
E C GRIER Secy
MACON GA
L F LIVINGSTOM President
Covington Ga
R 1 POWELL Treasurer
Bamesville Ga
E C GRIER Secretary
Macon Ga
ROBERT A NISBET General Supt
Macon GaSpecial Circular No 67
New Series j
Report of Growing Crops Yields Etc
FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1887
RETURNABLE OCTOBER I 1887
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Sept 17 1887
Dear Sir Please answer the following questions and mail so as to reach
this office by the first day of October or a few days before if necessary
Answer every question that will admit of it in numbers indicating per cent
An AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything
with which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if
the corn crop at any time is 10 per cent better than last year or 10
per cent better than an average it should be reported as 110 in each
case and if 10 per cent below these standards it should be 90
Never report 10 per cent better or 10 per cent worse but 110
or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague comparisons such as some
better hardly so good above an average etc
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which
you reside or as far in every direction as your knowledge maj extend not
simply to your own farm and as nearly as possible represent the true con
dition of crops
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use
the Character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate
estimate leave the space blank
Very respectfully
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
I For what County do you reportCounty
II Your name
III Post Office
IV Date of mailing this reportI DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
From the present indications what will he the total yield compared to an
average crop ot
1 Cotton per cent
2 Corn per cent
3 Sugar Cane per cent
4 Rice per cent
5 Sweet Potatoes per cent
6 Tobacco per cent
7 Give number of hogs of ail ages compared to last year per cent
8 Number of hogs for pork compared to last year per cent
REMARKS
Name of County
Your nameCircular No 96 I
New Sertes
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1887
Returned to the Department op Agriculture Oct 1 1887
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga October 7 1887
GENERAL REMARKS
The conditions affecting crops since September 1 have under
gone no material change the weather continuing dry with rather
unseasonable cool parching winds The Notes of Correspond
ents which are unusually full this month show the general con
dition and prospects ol the crops and the spirit of thefarmers bet
ter than any formal tabulation in figures could do
COTTON
As shown by the tabulation which follows these comments tho
condition of this crop has fallen from 82 on September 1 to 78
October 1 a loss of four points This further reduction is due to
several causes chief of which are the continued dry weather and
the unfavorable cool parching winds which have prevented tho
proper development of many young bolls that were counted on
with confidence at last report In the southern half of the State
rust and caterpillars have played an important part in destroying
the hopes of a late crop of bolls
Notwithstanding the present unfavorable outlook the prospect
is only one point lower than at the same date last year and some
1112 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
farmers express the opinion that the crop will exceed that of last
year While the weather has been very unfavorable for the ma
turing of a late crop at the same time the absence of rain and
storms since the cotton commenced to open has enabled the
farmers to gather the staple very rapidly and in excellent condi
tion The receipts from wagons at all the interior markets up to
date are largely in excess of the usual deliveries This would
ordinarily indicate a heavy crop but not so at this time The
almost universal statement is that the crop has opened more rap
idly picking has progressed more favorably and there is less in
the fields to gather than usual The crop is nearly all gathered
and most of it sold The principal reduction in prospects appears
in Middle and North Georgia The following exhibits the com
parative status in the several sections
Sept 1 Oct 1
North Georgia93 84
Middle Georgia81 71
Southwest Georgia74 73
East Georgia75 79
Southeast Georgia86 83
In the State82 79
COKN
Of course the conditions of the weather since September cannot
have seriously affected the yield of corn except in extreme North
Georgia Yet we find that the general prospect in the State has
fallen from 97 on the first of September to 91 at date of this report
This reduced estimate is the result of actual reduction of yield in
the mountain counties on account of early frost and in other
sections on account of the quantity of rotten ears which were
not noted and appreciated until the corn harvest began Thero
is no doubt however that there is enough corn to do until the
next crop is gathered but it is unequally distributed Middle
Georgia being rather short and the other sections having a sur
plus particularly in North Georgia
112OCTOBER CROP REPORTi887 g
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
The dry weather has considerably reduced the condition and
prospect of all crops maturing in the fall Sweet potatoes have
fallen from 97 to 87 in the last thirty days and in some sections
the crop is comparatively a failure The same remarks apply in
less degree to the sugar cane crop while late peas have gener
ally failed
There seems to be a fair comparative number of hogs of all
kinds and pork hogs Cholera is still raging in some counties
but in others the stocks are being rapidly replenished and
increased
THE CULTURE OP PEANUTS
Among the new or improved varieties of seeds and plants dis
tributed by this Department during the last eight years none has
given more satisfaction than the Spanish peanut first distributed
two years ago Without a single exception the reports of those
to whom seed were sent have been favorable and many have been
enthusiastic in their praises This variety has several points of
merit
1 Extreme earliness In Middle Georgia the seed may be first
planted about April 1 By July 1 the crop may be harvested
and a second crop may be planted on the same land The latter
will mature early in October having yet a month to spare before
the usual first killing frost
2 The plants have an upright habit of growth and the nuts
form in a cluster immediately around the main tap root This
peculiarity permits very close planting and at the same time
greatly facilitates harvesting as nearly every pea pill cling to the
plant when the latter is pulled up
3 The pods are remarkably free from pops being generally
well filled and plump
4 It seems to be as prolific as any of the old varieties and
with the advantage of earliness and the possibility of growing
two crops in one season on the same land it is greatly more prcv
ductive
1134 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
In support of the general statements of merit above given may
be cited the following extracts from the reports of correspondents
The Spanish peanut is par excellancc compared with the old African pea
I find that they mature unilormly and that two crops may be grown on the
ame land the same year Jno R Doerflinqer Glynn county
The only good crops we have is the Spanish and Speckled peas which are
jne 1 A Williams Pike county
I consider the Spanish groundpea a great blessing to the farmer Every
farm should have from one to ten or more acres according to size planted
with this pea for fattening hogs It is a sure crp and requires but little labor
My experience with it has been satisfactory I P Adkins Jefferson Oo
The Spanish peanut solves the meat problem
H S Wimukkly Twiggs County
The Spanish peanuts 1 pints sent me from your department was planted
16th April Have been gathered yielding 6 bushels of firm sound hard
ats Nopopsin the lot very easily gathered all coming up with the
Tjne T AWalker Newton County
The Spanish groundpea you sent me is quite prolific On onenineteenth
part of an acre of poor white land I gathered three 3 bushels
Jno H Williams Merriwether County
The Spanish groundpea from your Department is very valuable both as
hog feed and hay for all stock so easily housed pull up sun one day put in
barn and pick off on rainy days what you wish to sell or use Better feed I
have not seen Thos H Stallworth Henry county
The seed corn you sent us did well also the Jones cotton seed and Kaffir
eorn and Spanish peanuts but we didnt know how to plant Kaffir but have
learned and will plant again T G Preston Butts County
I planted first crop groundpeas 10th day of March gathered them last
week in June when I planted the same land in the crop just gathered which
is the crop I am now gathering making two crops from same land in 27 weeks
welldeveloped Yield of both crops about same60 bushels per acreas
both crops suffered about alike from drouth making 100 bushels peas and three
tons of hay from an acre and all in the short space of 27 weeks or 119 days
Total cost of cultivating both crops 12 or 6 per acre with 400 pounds of
Eddystone guano 200 pounds to each crop J P Jones Troup county
The foregoing reports were not in reply to special questions
but seem to be spontaneous tributes to the manifest merits of this
variety Owing to its upright habit of growth the tops may be
easily mowed and cured into the most nutritious of hay fully
114OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887 i
equal to clover hay The pea nut belongs to the same order of
plants as the cloverthe Leguminousand may be made to do
double duty in like manner furnishing both seed and hay The
facility with which this particular variety may be gatheredthe
peas all clinging to main rootis a strong point in its favor
With such food crops as Spanish pea nuts sweet potatoes
ohufas and field peas not to speak of a dozen other wellknown
resources for hog feed the meat problem ought indeed to be
solved excepting only the dreaded cholera
116TABULATION OF CEOP EEPOBT FOE OCTOBEE 1 1887 BY SECTIONS
Showing the Condition and Prospect Compared to an Average

at
S 9



PC3 r OS


A
I 0

5
i a
V o T 5
a o d u o O as O u 9 a cc i 2 O 0 CO o o ni O 1 w c o
84 91 97 87 89 96 95
71 85 91 83 77 77 91 90
73 97 75 78 67 67 84 91
79 97 73 80 69 96 94
83 92 79 75 79 101 97

78 93 83 79 76 82 93 94
82 97 96 88 97 94
Average October 1 1886 79 91 91 98 87 96
c
is

to
a
9
o
s

h1
o
F
i3
a
s
I

ts
o

OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887
NOTES OF COKKESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksBeautilul weather for gathering crops cotton will be all open
before frost if it stays off till the middle of October there is no August crop
of bolls on the cotton in this county QE0 w Wiley
Chattooga Tho drouth has injured cotton badly no rain in some six
weeks turnips potatoes and all vegetation is about played out It is raining
now and has been since last night Cotton half picked out W F Tapp
CherokeeLate cotton cut off by drought in August and first half of
September corn injured by overflow and too much rain while blooming
M S Paden
CobbThe season here has been peculiar April May and June were dry
July to 6th of August wet to ruination the consequence was the exuberant
growth of the excessive wet was not kept up and disaster to both corn and cot
ton followed reducing the points from twenty to forty R W Joynkr
Cotton is opening very fast if weather continues good will be all picked
out by the 15th of October Lint cotton is off five per cent from last year
J T LlNDLEY
DadeNo rain during the present month which has materially injured the
sweet potato crop also our pastures and top crop of cotton G W Stewart
DawsonCorn will fall far below what we expected when the rains set in
It has been seriously affected by the wet outside of freshets Cotton was also
affected there being scarcely any middle crop on the stalk A J Logan
FranklinThe heavy rains and the dry weather have caused the cotton to
shed much of its fruit cotton is opening very rapidly and will all be open by
the loth of October Upland corn good Bottoms not damaged like I once
thouSht J B D MoWhorter
GilmerThe corn crop will be near if not quite an average crop Hogs
are scarce a fine mast this year for hogs N L Osborn
GordonCotton has fallen off The rains of August made loo much weed
then six weeks dry causing rust and shedding o H Davis
The top crop on cotton is very light in consequence of hot dry weather
the same cause has injured sweet potatoes but the sorghum crop has come
through unscathed and is very fine particularly the orange variety
N B Hall
GwinnettNo rain since the big rain in August Cotton over half open
The turnip crop is a complete failure Very short crop Miles P King
117a
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The cotton crop is yielding better than anticipated in my report for Au
gust The dry open weather of September has been favorable for maturing
opening and gathering R D Winn
HabershamCorn not as good as expected Some corn killed by water
standing on it too long Young corn that tasseled out after freshet of first day
of August has not eared out well Have had no rain since August 27th
W W Kollock
HallThis report is based upon general enquiry and my observation is
that it is hard to estimate satisfactorily The prospect now is that the general
crop of this county will be far below last years W F Wallis
HaralsonThe continued rains of July and August injured the crops con
siderably and they are not as good as was hoped for by a great deal Nothing
remains uninjured but potatoes and sorghum J W Biggfrs
Murray
of the State
An early frost would greatly shorten the cotton crop in this part
R T Beck
The cotton crop is materially hurt by the dry and hot weather the lint i
short Late corn is cut short by hot days and cool nights The caterpillar
appeared about the 12th inst G Jackson
PickensCorn cotton and wheat are all better this year than last Sweet
potatoes not so good as last year Farmers are in a better condition than they
were last year Give us the stock law and tax dogs to protect our sheep in
terest Joseph Deering
PolkCotton is nearly all open Much of it will not class above low
middling asit has been impossible to keep up with it and it has taken sev
eral hard rains The crop is short and will soon be gathered First frost 25th
September Jno O Waddiil
RabunUp to the middle of July there was a fine prospect for a good corn
crop but the continued rains and cloudy weather the latter part of July and
first of August and the drouth since has materially injured it We had 60me
frost on the 23d and 24th instant which injured the tender vegetation
F A Blecklby
TownsI base my estimate on pork hogs on account of the great mast thi
year it will not cost hardly any grain to make pork in this county conse
quently the cost will be less than half of last year W R McConnell
UnionOwing to the fine mountain mast of all kinds there will be about
6 per cent more pork on the market this year than last The early frost will
damage late corn to some extent H L Carroll
WalkerThe corn crop of Walker is better than it has been for year
Cotton is badly injured by the long drought Altogether the farmers of thii
county are in better condition than usual J A Clements
118OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887
MIDDLE GEORGIA
CampbellToo much rain for cotton picking retarded All the corn o
very low land on the rivers and creeks a total loss J M Mason
The cotton crop is bound to be a short one and as yet it is hard to tell to
what extent it is off Many say at least onethird p H Steed
CarrollThe drouth in August and September cut off our cotton at least
33 per cent Late cotton will not make half a crop while forward cotton well
worked is very good Our county will make about crop M R Russell
ClarkeFarmers are blue over short crops both corn and cotton and the
low prices of cotton Small grain will receive a large share of attention this
fall So mote it be r p Pittard
ClaytonThe July rain followed by a drouth materially injured the crops
in this county Up to July 25th the prospect was the finest ever known but
all crops stopped growing after the rain storms A P Adamson
ColumbiaCotton is yielding badly viz Such a great proportion of seed
It continues very drydisastrious to cane potatoes peas etc
J A Walton
CowitaThere is more grass in the crops I believe than I ever knew
owing to the protracted wet spell in July and part of August Let us plant
less manure more and work better Wm A Smith
DkKalb Cotton picking is farthest advanced I ever knew it on October
1st The late cotton of which there is at least 20 per cent in our county will
not mature more than half crop Upland corn good but flood of July ruined
bottoms X J Flake
Cotton is not half s good as the farmers thought The wet July made
it shed all but the July crop There is plenty of weed but the bolls are not
there Late corn was not so good the wind blew it so hard it broke the
roots and almost ruined the corn W H Carter
DouglasCrops generally through this county are far shorter than wai
expected The ground peas you sent us proves to be very good also Kaflir
corn yields well On ordinary land it will make 50 bushels per acre
B H Phillips
Just had 20 hours rain What damage it will do I cant say I think
the farmers are fifteen per cent better off than they were twelve months ago
W H Nalley
ElkertVery dry Cotton open a good deal in the field not picked It
has opened so fast it was impossible to keep up with it and it is not turning
out lint near as well as it did last year D M Carlton
The drouth has ruined the top crop of cotton and seriously damaged all
fall crops j L Thornton
11910
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
FayetteCotton does not third itself takes on an average 1575 pounds
eed cotton to make 500 pound bale with bagging and ties thrown in Farm
ers are well up with gathering should weather remain good the entire crop
will be gathered by 30th of October Corn is worse damaged than was
thought at first both on uplands and bottoms J G Posey
GreeneWe have had only one light rain since August 18th Cotton
opened very fast No grain sown Turnips almost a failure Peas and po
tatoes cut off very much Second crop of Irish potatoes will not be J of a crop
James M Griffin M D
Late cotton has done little or nothing The crop is obliged to
John Turner
Hancock
be short
I have never seen the crop of cotton so near all out by October 1st before
There is no late cot on I think the crop in this portion of the county is hardly
over onehalf although I put 60 J W Cawthon
HarrisRose color it as we may there can be no disguising the fact that
a majority of the common farmers in this section will be at the end of the
present year in a much worse financial condition than at the close of any year
in the past ten years The remedy lies in hard unremitting persistent
judicious work coupled with strict economy in every department of farm
management J B P
HenryWe had a fine prospect for cotton The heavy rains on the 1st of
August filled it full of sap and caused it to shed since that we have had very
hot dry weather which has made the bolls very small J M McDonald
The forward cotton is a good average crop where there was moisture
enough to bring up the seed and where they were put in the ground early
the cotton is a good average Late cotton is scarcely half a crop
J A C Wynn
JonesThe continued dry weather injured the cane and potato crops and
has knocked off the pea crop about 20 per cent Considering the entire sur
roundings the farmers of this county will be in a fair condition for the next
crop R T Ross
LincolnAll late cotton has failed to mature Farmers will be through
picking by first of Nov Considerable frost this morning 26th J M Dill
McDuffieThere will be little difference in this cotton crop and our ordi
nary cotton crop while corn is very much better Thos E Watson
I have traveled over most of the county within two weeks just past The
cotton crop will be better than was thought 1st September Threefourth of
the crop now gathered and in fine condition Pea crop good Have just
gathered myself from three and a half acres pine land 121 bushels corn
H McCorkle
120OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887
11
No rain since last report until today Together with exeesive rains in
July and August has reduced the yield to 80 per cent if not onefourth in the
cotton crop A E Sturqis
MeriWethek A great many hogs have died with the cholera Cotton that
was planted early on gray land is tolerahly good but that which was planted
late on red land is very sorry R M McCaslan
MonroeHave never seen farmers any more despondent little over half
cotton crop poor corn low price of cotton with downward tendency Too
much cotton and nigger and not enough grass and stock the cause The only
ray of hone is the increasing number of colts hogs and cattle to be seen With
Bermuda for summer and rye and other grass for winter we have a country
anequaled for raising fine stock There are numbers of horse and mule colts
in the county as fine as can be seen anywhere Guy Taylor
NewtonThe great heat drought and winds has cut off all crops to the
given figures in my opinion and it is also the judgment of some of our best
and most successful and practical farmers T A Walker
OconeeCotton that was well manured and planted early is an average
crop Upland corn where it was planted early and was well cultivated is good
R L Durham
OqlethorpeCotton has been cut off a great deal by the late dry weather
Bottom corn is almost a total loss Hogs are nearly the same n number but
in better condition than usual James J Green
PikeIn consequence of floods ana drought there will not be more than
76 per cent of an average crop of corn or cotton in this county
C R Wilson
It is a universal fact that all early cotton this year is decidedly better
than late With twenty years experience in farming this will be the case
four out of five years E W Rose
PutnamI think there is not sufficient attention paid to the pea crop es
pecially the speckled or Whippoorwill kind for if planted the middle of
April they can be gathered before cotton is ready to pick
O W Reid
RockdaleOur farmers will be through picking cotton in a few days if
the present dry weather continues There is no top crop and I think I make
a fair estimate when I say half a crop of cotton P H White
TalieerroThe dry weather in August and September cut the potato crop
down to 50 Hogs are very scarce cholera in the spring cut them down to
about 90 per cent as compared to last year F F Wright
The five or six weeks that have passed since cotton picking began have
been dry and the percentage of that crop gathered is unusually large Not
12112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
morii than a thirdperhaps not so much of the crop is now in the field
This dry season has been very unfavorable to peas potatoes and turnips and
has prevented an early sowing of oats The corn crop of this county would
have been 25 or 30 per cent above an average had not so much been destroyed
by the flood L L V
TalbotThe weather is very cool and will have frost if it continue
I dont think we will get over a half crop of cotton not enough to pay supply
bills if the price is not better I planted for one hundred bales of cotton but
will get twentyfive or perhaps thirty bales L B MoCrokt
The outlook for the farmer is depressingshort crops and low price
The pea and sorghum crops are gone There is a bright side to anything
we can be independent as long as peas sorghum and corn last
Wm H Ellison
TroupSince thewet weather the last of July cotton has appeared to hav
eome kind of blight or rust and has made but little cotton since and the crop
will be short in this section James Patillo
The drouth from last of July has entirely destroyed the top crop of cotton
The freshets of July badly injured the corn crop Great loss on cotton lands
H H Cary M D
WaltonCotton crop will be gathered by November 1st July crop good
August crop short and opening prematurelydrouth Upland corn good
bottoms damaged from onehalf to twothirds J M Grksham
WarrenThe cholera killed half of the hogs both stock and pork lat
year This year I think the per cent will go to 90 The pea crop srood con
sidering four weeks of dry warm weather A good rain yesterday and last
night The turnip crop a failure D W Rogers
The cotton crop will be gathered much earlier than it has been for several
years past thereby giving farmers more time to put in small grain than usual
R M Hardaway
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerDry weather has injured the corn and potato badly has caused
the complete loss almost of the pea crop and will suspend the sowing of Eall
oats October is the best month to sow Fall oats September for barley and
rye for winter pastures which time has passed and is passing Cholera ha
thinned out our hogs in a number of places G F Kino
Best corn crop since 1876 Plenty made to do the county While the
cotton crop is not as good as it promised to be in July it is much better than
it promised in August No rain since August 4 Reuben Jones
BerrienHogs are in fine healthy condition but few pork hogs over one
year old and I fear that the fall crop is too short to fatten what pork hogs w
have Ground peas half crop field peas a failure too dry J J Parish
122OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887
It
OalhounNo rain has fallen since the first of August and cane and po
tatoes are a complete failure except on low lands Cholera is killing the hogs
rapidly at this time Cotton is nearly all gathered and a greater portion
marketed Some planters have picked 14 bales to the plow to date
F P Griffin
ChattahoooheeWe have had very little rain since the flood Po
tatoes and turnips are very poor The Kaffir corn and Spanish peanuts
received from you did well The early yellow corn sent ripened along with
Golden Dent bought of Robert Buists
P V SCHLET
ClayAll root crops sugar cane gardens etc are badly injured from the
late drouth We had fine rain yesterday and prospect good for more today
Speight
CrawfordOur glorious prospects in nearly every crop have been greatly
blighted Wet spell boll worm rust caterpillar and drouth have all made
their ravages on cotton crops and the general opinion is that hardly a half
rop is expected r find corn also has suffered A good deal of it is rotten
J W Stroud
DscatttbCorn field pea vines were saved by stacking in the field Some
of the cattle in this section become lame as it seems in their shoulders and
after a time their hoof comes off What is it W B MoDaniel
DoolyNo rain since August 11th which has seriously damaged fall crops
uch as sugar cane potatoes and peas The previous heavy rains and the
drouth of August completely closed up cotton for this year S P Odom
DoughertyDry weather has greatly cut off cotton cane potatoes Eight
weeks without a drop of rain Cotton bolls only half size and lint very short
and light 87 per cent picked out 80 per cent marketed J L Dozier
We have had no rain since the 6th of August till yesterday The weather
being very favorable for picking since the 1st of August the cotton crop has
been gathered rapidly and I think at least threefourths of the crop is picked
out A W Cosby
HoustonThe excessive rains caused cotton to shed the forms and then
followed drouth from August to date reducing the crop onethird if not more
Wm J Anderson
MacomNo rain for weeks Cotton is gathered in fine condition but late
crops of pea potatoes sugar cane rice etc have suffered considerably
A J Cheves
MarionA drouth of seven weeks has prevailed over the best portion of
the county following right after the floods of August 1st has greatly damaged
all crops not matured at that time causing cotton to open more rapidly and
12314 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
prematurely than ever known before Fourfifths of the crop is open and
threefourths picked out Geo W Munro
MillerThe cotton crop is all gathered the quality of the cotton is the
best we ever bad as we have not had a drop of rain on it Sugar cane and pea
crops are injured from drouth J S Clifton
MitchellThe long continued drought during the latter part of August
and September up to two days ago cut quite short the crops of peas potatoes
cane etc The cotton crop is 20 per cent off from the prospect in July
J B Twittt
MuscoqkeThe cotton crop it seems turns out shorter the nearer it is
gathered It will be the shortest in this section for years That is in the
whole section trading with Columbus L F Hummk
RandolphThe dry weather throughout this section since the July freshefy
has greatly damaged all of our crops Corn has suffered less than any as it
was mostly made before the dry weather could injure it
Howard W Key
The fall has been remarkably dry and cotton picking is far advanced say
twothirds of the crop picked onehalf marketed R F Crittenden
TerrellOwing to the drouth and caterpillar cotton was cut off from last
report Cotton gathered was never in better condition clear of dirt and trash
Farmers owe less and in better condition than usual E G Hill
ThomasThe long continued drouth has materially injured potatoes and
cane The weather has been very favorable for cotton picking The planters
are well up with the cotton crop The quality of the cotton is good and the
yield will be over that of last year There was good rain yesterday the first
time for nearly two months Dan A Horn
The hog cholera is prevalent in all sections of the county We have had
the most favorable season for gathering cotton I ever knew Almost the entire
crop is out with no rain on it E L Neel
WilcoxCotton seriously injured by wet weather in spring and drouth
in the latter part of summer and fall and the same with potatoes and sugar
cane A R Cain
WorthThe cotton crop will all be housed by the 15th of Octoberno top
crop Sugar cane is now drying up in the patch The fall peas are a
complete failure The ground is drier than I have seen it for years and it is
dry and windy There is no cholera among the hogs This years crop will
be wound up by the 1st of November G B Watson
EAST GEORGIA
BullochShortest crop of corn and cotton since 1875 Caterpillars de
stroying top crop C A Sorrier
124OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887
15
BurkeSome persons estimate the cotton on their own farms at 50 per
cent I think I place the average high enough at 66 The caterpillar has
been in the county since the 10th of August The fields have been overrun
two or three times by the pickers and the larger portion of the crop is out
J B Jones
DodgeSugar cane peas and potatoes damaged some from drouth Two
thirds cotton crop out and marketed D M Buchan
EmantjelWe have had no rain in this section since the storm in July
The late crops such as peas sugar cane turnips potatoes etc are badly in
Jured E W Lane M D
JeffersonThe weather has been so dry for the last month that all fall
crops are well nigh ruined Peas potatoes and turnips ruined cotton and
sugar cane cut short A E Taver
JohnsonWe have had the finest weather I ever saw to gather the crops
J H Hicks
LaurensA two months drouth has lowered the prospects of all crops
except corn Weather for gathering very fine Cotton is going to market
rapidly It will be nearly all in by 15th of November J T Chappell
MontgomeryNo rain of consequence since the August flood All tall
crops cut short at least 25 per cent G M T MoLeod
The continued raining in August and the dry weather since has injured
the crop to some extent The sample was never better
J Clayton Clements
ScrevenContinued dry weather in August cut off the top crop of cotton
and has very much injured sugar cane rice and potatoes E B Gross
TatnallNo rain since the 1st of August to wet the ground except in a
few places and of small area so all fall crops are cut very short Sugar cane
potatoes peas and rice are almost ruined No chance to get a turnip up Cool
dry and dusty now A p MooRE
TeleairThe rains ceased on the 8th of August and a continuous drouth
until the 28th of September which caused a severe loss on all fall crops Cot
ton is cut off onethird Sugar cane peas and potatoes nearly onehalf
Wm P Williams
TwiggsA long drouth of six or eight weeks continuous broken today
September 28th has materially damaged all fall cropscotton cane potatoes
and peas The Spanish ground pea solves the meat problem
H S Wimberley
WashingtonWe have had no rains since the freshet and in consequence
late crops Peas potatoes cane peanuts turnips etc are almost failures
Wm A Snelling
125le
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
ClinchThe drouth has injured cotton to some extent and cane and pota
toes materially hut we have had some rain recently which if followed soon
by more will greatly benefit cane and potatoes Rice is not planted much
We have but little fall gardens yet for want of rain LC Mattox
My report is based on S I Cotton The top crop will be quite short on
account of drouth We have had only a few very light showers for the last
six weeks The only relief for the average farmer is to keep out of debt raise
more manure plant less cotton and by all means raise the supplies on the
farm It is better aid quicker relief than to join the Grangers or Farmers
Alliance M T
CoffeeCotton has been damaged by drouth in July and by rains in Au
gust rust following and doing great damage to top cotton Rice and peas
almost a failure from drouth this Fall J B Pafford
Owing to drouth Fall crops are cut short Field peas are almost a failure
and sugar cane is giving way Still dry Joseph Baitky
EcholsWe have had a severe drouth to follow the excessive rains of the
latter part of Summer which has caused almost a failure in Fall crops Rains
are now falling and gardens though late are being seeded G W Prime
EffinohamEvery article produced by the farmer is from 60 to 25 per
cent off Decidedly the poorest crop that has been made in the county for the
past twenty years F R Tarvek
GlynnFor the past two weeks we have had good weather for our Fall
planting of turnips cabbage and beets These areplanted largely on the
Island James Postell
LibertyNo rain since early in August Cotton opening prematurely
General complaint of much rotten corn Some attribute it to the heavy rains
when in silk By examining the stalks with defective ears I find each one
bored and injured by a worm With oats at a cost of 300 per acre yielding
15 to 30 or GO bushels Spanish ground peas and Kaffir corn we have
abundant feed for horses cattle pigs and poultry at small outlay
Jas A M King
Six weeks 6ince we have had a general rain Many farmers have turned
stock in potato patches as the ground is too dry for potatoes to do anything
I O Davis Jr
126Special Circular No 68
New Series j
QUESTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT OF
CROPS ETC IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA
FOR THE YEAR 1887
Returnable to the Department of Agriculture December 15 1887
Department ok Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Dec 5 1887
Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and return to this office
between this and December loth inst
Let the answers apply to the whole county for which you report not simply
to your own farm and neighborhood
JjgNew correspondents are informed that the crop or standard with which
comparisons are made is always 100 so 10 per cent better or greater or more
would be indicated by 110 10 per cent less by 90 etc
Please answer promptly so that your reply may reach this office by the fif
teenth day of December or as soon thereafter as practicable
Correspondents are earnestly requested to use special care in the preparation
of their answers in this report The estimates of actual yield should be made
with great care after diligent inquiry Very respectfully
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
I For what county do you report Comity
II Your name
III Postoffice
IV Will you serve as reporter next year
If you cannot serve please secure an intelligent farmer of your neighborhood and give his
address here
Postoffice
CountyState
1862 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Give the total product the present year of the following crops in your county
in comparison with an average crop
1 Cottontotal product compared to average productPer ceut
2 Corntotal product compared to average productPer cent
3 Wheattotal product compared to average productPer cent
4 Oatstotatproduct compared to average productPer cent
5 SugarCanetotal product compared to average productPercent
6 Sorghumtotal product compared to average productPercent
7 Ricetotal product compared to average productPcr ent
8 Sweet potatoestotal product compared to average productPer cent
9 Field Peastotal product compared toaverage productPer cent
10 Ground Peastotal product compared to average productPer eent
11 Tobaccototal product compared to average productPer cent
12 Hayname principal kind grown p
Give the average yield per acre for the present year in your county of
VI Cottonunmber of acres to the bale
rAcres
It Cornaverage yield in bushels per acre B hl
15 Wheataverage yield in bushels per acre Bu
li Oatsaverage yield in bushels per acre Bush
17 Sugar Caneaverage yield in bushels per acre Bushels
18 Sorghumaverage yield in gallons per acre Galloi
VX Riceaverage yield in bushels per acreBushels r0gh
Sweet Potatoesaverage yield in bushels per acre Bftghels
21 Field Peasaverage yield in bushels per acre Bushels
22 Ground Peasaverage yield in bushels per acre Bushel
21 Tobaccoaverage yield in lbs per acre
lbs
24 Hayaverage yield in tons per acreTons urwl
132SI
20
27
28
29
iO
31
QUESTIONS FOR OROP REPORT
Give the average price December 1st of
Cotton per pound
Corn per bushel
38
39
JO
Cents
Cents
Wheat per bushelCents
Oats per bushelCents
Sugar Cane Syrup per gallonCents
Sorghum Syrup per gallonCents
Rough Rice per bushelCents
Sweet Potatoes per bushelCents
Hay per tonf
MISCELLANEOUS
Acreage sown in wheat this fall compared to last yearPer cent
Acreage in fall oats compared to last yearPercent
Amount of home raised pork produced compared to last yearPer cent
No of Stock hogs all sizes compared to last yearPercent
Per cent of a full farm supply of pork producedPercent
Number of sheep compared with last yearPer cent
Condition of farmers in your county compared to last yearPercent
What is the indebtedness of farmers compared to last yearPer cent
Price of farm lands compared to price this time last yearPer cent
Give amount of farm supplies purchased lu comparison with last yearPer cent
Give the average cash price per lb for bacon in your county this yearCents
Average time price for bacon payable November 1stCents
Give the average cash price paid for corn per bushel in your county this yearCents
Average time price for corn payable November 1stCents
Give the date of the first killing frost
What diseases if any have prevailed among stock this year
1374 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
REMARKS
Under this head report the tests of seeds distributed by this department
It is also designed to publish in the Crop Reports elicited information upon
topics relative to agriculture and such questions as may be asked under this head
will be answered by the Commissioner or else submitted to the farmers for their
expression If you have made special tests of the merits of Spanish peanuts to
bacco millo maize Kaffir corn or any new experiments in grass culture or stock
growing please give short account of the same
The remarks should be concise and plainly written so that time and labor of
revision or rewriting may be saved Write the name of your county and the sub
ject of your remarks in the place indicated and sign your name at the bottom of
the page
County
Subject
1S8NEW SERIESCIRCULAR No 97
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
Twelfth Annual Meeting
OF THE
Georgia State Horticultural Society
HELD IN THE
City of Dalton Aug 4 and 5 1887
CHARTERED July 14 1876 ORGANIZED August 16 1876
Reorganized Under New Charter Aug 1 1882
Published Jointly by the Society and the State Department
of Agriculture
ATLANTA GA
Constitution Publishing Company
1887CONSTITUTION
Article 1 The name of this Association shall be the Georgia State Horti
cultural Society
Article 2 Its object shall be the advancement of the sciences of Pomology
Floriculture Arboriculture and Kitchen Vegetable growing
Article 3 Its members shall consist of annual and honorary members
who shall be elected by ballot at the annual or semiannual sessions of the
Society The annual fee shall be 200
Article 4 The meetings shall be held at such times and places as may be
designated by the Society and special meetings may be convened at any time
on the call of the President
Article 5 Its officers shall consist of a President one VicePresident from
each Congressional District of the Slate a Secretary and a Treasurer The
President Secretary and Treasurer to be elected by ballot at the regular annual
meeting and to serve until their successors are elected and inaugurated The
VicePresidents all to be elected by ballot at this meeting those representing
districts having odd numbers to serve one year and those representing the dis
tricts having even numbers to serve two yearsonehalf to be elected each
year thereafter to serve two years
Article 6 This Constitution may be amended at any annual meeting by
a twothirds vote of the members present
129BYLAWS
1st The President shall preside at all meetings of the Society call meetings
of the Executive Committee and under its direction have a general superin
tendence of the affairs of the Society and direction of the expenditures of
money He shall appoint all committees unless otherwise ordered
2nd In case of death or inability of the President his official duties shall
devolve upon such one of the VicePresidents as may be elected by ballot
3rd The VicePresident shall by correspondence and personal intercourse
with the fruit growers and horticulturists of the various counties of their
respective districts endeavor to organize local societies They shall appoint
four members of their Congressional District and with their aid prepare and
forward to the Secretary before or at every annual meeting of the Society such
reports as have immediate connection with the condition of fruits progress in
their culture new seedling fruits or any other topic relating to horticultural
progress in their respective districts These reports to be condensed by the
Secretary for publication
4th The Secretary shall attend to all the correspondence of the Society and
with the aid of a reporter keep a reeord of the transactions of the meetings
and prepare these for publication subject to the approval of the President He
shall file and preserve all papers and books belonging to the Society
5th The Treasurer shall receive and keep an accurate account of all moneys
belonging to the Society disburse the same on the written order of the Presi
dent whicb he shall retain and tile as vouchers He shall make an annual
report to the Society of the receipts and disbursements which with the vouch
ers shall be referred to a special auditing committee appointed at the annual
meeting
Before entering upon his duties he shall give bond to the Society in the sum
of one thousand dollars for the faithful performance of his duties such bond to
be approved by the Executive Committee
tith The Executive Committee shall consist of the President VicePresi
dents Secretary and Treasurer They shall subject to the direction of the
Society manage all Us affairs
7th The following Standing Committees shall be appointed by the President
immediately after his election or so soon thereafter as practicable
A Standing Fruit Committee consisting of five members It shall be the
duty of this committee to report annually on native and foreign fruits to ex
amine and before the close of the session report on all new seedling fruits that
may be exhibited and to make an ad interim report on those that were exhib
130GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 5
ited in an unripe condition at the meeting of the Society but had subsequently
attained a state of maturity and such on other seedlings as may have been sub
mitted to their inspection during the Societys vacation
8th A Standing Committee on Synonyms consisting of five members
shall be appointed annually It shall be their duty to report annually to the
Society at its regular meeting
9th Standing Committees to consist of two or more members each shall be
appointed annually upon the following subjects viz
Meteorology in its relation to Horticulture
Entomology and Ornithology in their relations to Horticulture
Ornamental and useful trees and plants
Ornamental gardening
Kitchen vegetables
Wine making
Packing and shipping fruits and vegetables
10th A Standing Committee or Transportation to consist of five members
11th Special Committees shall be appointed by the President immediately
after the organization of the annual meeting on peaches on exhibition during
the session on apples pears and miscellaneous fruits on grapes and wines
on vegetables It shall be the duty of these committees to make a lull
and careful report upon each and every individual collection on exhibition
Noting their condition and special merits if any also any particular methods
of cultivation by which improvements are made evident
12th No medal diploma or money shall be awarded by this Society as a
testimonial of excellence for any fruit plant flower or vegetable offered for
exhibition The verdict of the Special Committee shall be the highest com
mendation of the Sociely
13th Vacancies occurring in committees shall be filled by the Chairman of
each and in case of his death or inability to serve his place shall be supplied
by the President of the Society
14th No person shall be a member or be allowed to participate in the
deliberations of the Society who shall not have paid his fee in full before or
at the beginning of the session of the Society
15th Honorary members shall consist of persons of distinguished merit in
horticulture or natural science and non residents of Georgia They shall be
entitled to all the privileges of the Society without the payment of annual
fees except on questions of finance
16th These ByLaws ma be altered by a twothirds vote of the members
present
131OFFICERS
President
P J BERCEMANS A MAugusta Ga
VicePresidents
1st Congressional DistrictG W BENSONCumberland
2nd Congressional DistrictH H SAN FORDTbomasville
8rd Congressional DistrictS H RUMPHMarshallville
4th Congressional DistrictDr H H CARTLaGrange
5th Congressional DistrictDr SAMUEL HAPEHapeville
6th Congressional DistrictA J WILLIAMSTobler
7th Congressional DistrictCol GEO H WARINGCement
8th Congressional DistrictDr W L JONESAthens
9th Congressional DistrictGEO H JONESNorcross
10th Congressional DistrictDr J P H BROWNAugusta
Secretary and Treasurer
T L K1NSEY Savannah
STANDING COMMITTEES
ON NEW FRUITS
L A BerckmansAugusta
H H SanfordThomasville
A J WilliamsTobler
J D HustedPomona
E R AnthonyMacon
ON SYNONYMS
Dr Samuel HapeHapeville
David Milne Macon
Dr E H GreeneHapeville
W K NelsonAugusta
W W ThompsonSmithville
1338 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
ON WINE
John KellerVineyard
J C BucherAtanta
H MillerRome
Geo H WaringCement
P SmithPomona
ON ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL TREES
RJ ReddingUantB
Mrs WE BrownPort Valley
Geo H fillerRom
W D BeatieAtlanta
J D HusteaPomona
ON PACKING AND SHIPPING FRUIT
Samuel H Rumph Marshanvile
H F EmeryAtlanta
T J GnzzardHapeville
J A EverettPort Vaey
A H HansellThomasville
ON METEOROLOGY
Prof J S NewmanAuburn Ala
Prof W L JonesAtheng
ON ENTOMOLOGY
aeon
Prof J E WillettM
ON VEGETABLES
Mrs J W Bryanrillon
Geo UhlAugusta
V E LambertAtlanta
C Deckner Atlanta
G W BensonCumberland
ON TRANSPORTATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Dr H H CaryLaGrange
H P EmeryAtlanta
W E BrownPort Valley
Geo UhlAugusta
L L VarnadoeThomasville
134LIST OF MEMBERS FOR 1887
Anderson C D JrPort Valley Ga
Anderson Mrs C D JrFort Valley Ga
Anthony E RMacon Ga
Baehman T WTilton Ga
Baldwin D FMarshallville Ga
Beatie W DAtlanta Ga
Benson G WCumberland Ga
Berckmans P JAugusta Ga
Berckmans P J A JrAugusta Ga
Berckmans L AAugusta Ga
Blaekshear T E Thomasville Ga
Blair Z HJacksonville Pla
Brokaw I JAnthony Pla
Brown Dr J P HAugusta Ga
Brown W EFort Valley Ga
Brown Mrs W EFort Valley Ga
Bryan Mrs J WDillon Ga
Bryan HowardDillon Ga
Bucher J CAtlanta Ga
Burr S BFort Valley Ga
Bunch J W Hamburg So Ca
Baker Z WAltamonte Fla
Beach A JPalatka Fla
Cary Dr H HLaGrange Ga
Gary Miss E C LaGrange Ga
Cliett J H MPowersville Ga
Cliett O APowersville Ga
Croker S SPomona Ga
Chastain J MThomasvlilie Ga
Cesna W KJacksonville Fla
Daniel Wilberforce Augusta Ga
Deckner CAtlanta Ga
Douglass L TMarshallville Ga
Duncan A NClear Water Fla
Dubois E MTallahassee Fla
De Pass J PArcher Fla
Edwards J AMarshallville Ga
Emery H FAtlanta Ga
13510
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Emery Mrs L BAtlanta Ga
Emery Mrs A H Atlanta Ga
Everett J AFort Valley Ga
Farrede J OMarshallville Ga
Fleming Jas L Augusta Ga
Ford CDAtlanta Ga
Frederick D BMarshallville Ga
Frederick J V Marshallville Ga
Gibson T RAugusta Ga
Gow Jas L Augusta Ga
Greene Dr E HHapeville Ga
Greene Mrs E HHapeville Ga
Grizzard T JHapeville Ga
Grizzard Mrs C EHapeville Ga
Gray J M Fort Valley Ga
Hansell Judge A HThomasville Ga
Hape Dr SamuelHapeville Ga
Hape Miss S HHapeville Ga
Hape S HJrHapeville Ga
Hopkins M HLouisville Ga
Hays OSmithville Ga
Heikes W FHuntsville Ala
Hollinshead Mrs AFort Valley Ga
Husted J DPomona Ga
Husted Mrs J DPomona Ga
Howell A BChattanooga Tenn
Hodges J H Perry Ga
HickabuyJGTobler Ga
James C BFort Valley Ga
James J BFort Valley Ga
Johnson R PSmithville Ga
Jones W CAugusta Ga
Jones G TFort Valley Ga
Jones F SMacon Gn
Jones Geo HNorcross Ga
Keller JohnVineyard Ga
Keller Mrs M JVineyard Ga
Kinsey T LSavannah Ga
Kress J JAtlanta Ga
Lambert V EAtlanta Ga
Loflin James AAugusta Ga
Lowe WmHapeville Ga
Manville A HJacksonville Fla
Maul GeoAugusta Ga
136GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
11
Maxwell IrvinAtlanta Ga
McCutchen A RAtlanta Ga
Mclnnis Dr NielAugusta Ga
McKinnon K NThomasville Ga
McKinnon R WThomasville Ga
Miller G H Rome Ga
Milne DavidMaeon Ga
Moore B TMarshallville Ga
Mott J HGoggansville Ga
Mott Jas AOrlando Fla
Murph J TMarshallville Ga
Nelson W K Augusta Ga
Niele E LThomasville Ga
Niles COMarshallville Ga
Newman J SAuburn Ala
Norwood N LPerry Ga
Oeller RVineyard Ga
Parnell J H West Point Ga
Park Dr J FLaGrange Ga
Pelton C BLake Helen Fla
Pharr J HMarshallville Ga
Painter E ODeLand Fla
Parker E AZebulon Ga
Quarterman W FMarshallville Ga
Redding K JAtlanta Ga
Redding Miss BAtlanta Ga
Reichert J DSmithville Ga
Reed W FDrayton Island Fla
Riee W HMarshallville Ga
Ruinph E Marshallville Ga
Humph S IIMarshallville Ga
Rooks O PGardenia Fla
Rumph S AMarshallville Ga
Rumble E Goggansville Ga
Sanford H HThomasville Ga
Sawtelle J PMarshallville Ga
Sessions H MAtlanta Ga
Simmons J M JrPerry Ga
Smith PPomona Ga
Smith Mrs PPomona Ga
Sperry M EMarshallville Ga
Sperry Mrs M EMarshallville Ga
Soar StephenBade City Fla
Skinner L BDunedin Fla
Shuey C FMacclenny Fla
13712
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Stafford J ABarnesville Ga
Stames H NMarietta Ga
Snow M FPort Valley Ga
Steele W OJacksonville Fla
Skellie T OFort Valley Ga
Taber G LGlen St Mary Fla
Thompson W WSmithville Ga
Tison E HLakeland Fla
Uhl GeoAugusta Ga
VanDyke A GPomona Ga
Varnadoe L LThomasville Ga
Varnadoe L AThomasville Ga
Walker J WAugusta Ga
Walker CV Augusta Ga
Waring Geo HCement Ga
Wayinan S MPomona Ga
Wayman Mrs S MPomona Ga
Warren W EPowersville Ga
Weed Rt Rev E GAugusta Ga
Wells WSmithville Ga
Web GH Milton Fla
Wheatley H LAltamonte Fla
Williams AJ Tobler Ga
Williams Miss N LTobler Ga
Williams W FWarm Springs Ga
Williams Miss M Thomaston Ga
Williams J C Thomaston Ga
Williamson W J Goggansville Ga
Willingham T HByron Ga
Willett Prof J EMacon Ga
HONORARY MEMBERS
Wilder Hon MPBoston Mass
Crayton Hon B FAnderson S C
Furnass Hon R WBrownville Neb
Gray Prof AsaCambridge Mass
Green Mrs C CClayton Ala
Meehan ThosPhiladelphia Pa
Quin P TNewark N J
Sims Col R MCharleston 8 C
Thurber Prof GeoNew York
Dr F M HexamerNew York
Deceased
138PROCEEDINGS
Dalton Ga August 4 1887
The Georgia Horticultultural Society met at the opera house at
315 P M
President P J Berckmana called the society to order and
prayer was offered by Eev J B Robins of Dalton Address of
welcome delivered by Mr Jones of Dalton He regretted that
the work of the society was so long deferred Its code of ethics
was beautiful and safebeing founded on the golden rule and
entitled to recognition by every one
The County of Whitfield and the City of Dalton took pleasure
in extending a warm welcome to the advocates of Horticulture
and husbandry He extended the hospitality and welcome of
his municipality freely and without stint offering a cheerful
mountain Georgia welcome
Response by Dr Samuel Hape of Fulton who with the inate
delicacy and modesty forever characteristic of an Atlanta man
returned the thanks of the body for the kindly welcome offered
by the citizens of Dalton
Dr Hape explained briefly the objects and principles of the
Horticultural Society and contrasted the condition of some
Western societies pampered and fostered by their respective
States with that of our own struggling hard working body
He concluded by inviting all citizens of Dalton to attend and
participate in our meetings
In the absence of Secretary Kinsey with the list of delegates
it was found necessary to devote some time to perfecting the roll
of those present One hundred and twelve members were pres
ent the largest attendance of any previous meeting Fortytwo
members being prevented from reaching Dalton by washouts on
the railroads
President Berckmans after the perfection of the roll delivered
his annual address as follows
13914 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PRESIDENT BEBCKMANS ADDBESS
Ladies and Oentlemen and Members of the
Georgia State Horticultural Society
When the founders of this Society deemed it proper to require an annual
address from the presiding officer they fortunately did not specify the space it
should occupy or the length of time needed for its delivery Availing myself
of the latitude thus allowed I will beg your indulgence for the short period I
must devote in bringing to your attention a few subjects intimately connected
with the work of this Association
It is with sincere pleasure that I truthfully say that the magnitude of the
present assemblage is far beyond what we had looked forward to when a small
body of your most publicspirited citizens met in Macon in 1876 for the purpose
of organizing a Horticultural Society
That small phalanx has increased to a legion and in common with those who
conceived the necessity of this Society and whose presence heretoday is an
evidence of the earnestness of their zeal in promoting its success I greet yon
one and all and congratulate you upon this opportunity which brings us
together again
This Society has now attained such numerical strength that it becomes more
than ever the duty of every member to fully understand that unity of action
must govern its work and this cannot be expected except from free and disin
terested discussions
One of the aims of this organization is to disseminate true knowledge of the
objects within its scope but its special mission is to expose all fraudulent
schemes and untenable theories and to rebuke unworthy aims which may tend
to injure horticultural progress and lead astray beginners who look upon this
Society as a safe guide and upon whose teachings they faithfully stake their
money and labor at the inception of their venture in fruit growing
Many of you come here today with the anticipation of gathering such
knowledge as can best be obtained from the experience of our successful horti
culturists Should you leave this reunion imbued with false theories as gleaned
from its discussions and subsequently fail in an enterprise new to you and from
which you anticipated pecuniary as well as pleasurable results you would justly
charge this Society with the disasters resulting from following its teachings
and the accusation would be well founded
Perhaps no country in the world can lay claim to a larger number of periodi
cals devoted to Horticulture and there is therefore no scarcity of choice or
means of enlightening every one Still with all the opportunities of acquiring
information from reliable sources the number of dupes made by itinerant and
unreliable persons does not appear to diminish Let me therefore respectfully
charge you to so shape your discussions that the result may safely be published
without fear of contradiction
DUTIES OF OFFICERS
Section 3 of the ByLaws of the Society defines the duties of the Vice
140GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
15
Presidents and I respectfully call the attention of those officers to that para
graph which reads as follows
They shall hy correspondence and personal intercourse with the fruit
growers and horticulturists of the various counties of their various districts
endeavor to organize local societies etc
At the second annual meeting in 1877 a number of local societies were re
ported as organized in several sections of the State but with few exceptions
the annual reports fail to show that any additional societies have come into
existence or that those then existing are kept still alive It is through the lsbors
of local societies however small in membership that horticultural progress can
best be promoted and I trust that at our next meeting we may record the
names of many such organizations
PREMIUMS AT EXHIBITIONS
When the new Constitution and ByLaws were adopted in 1882 under
which ths Society is now regulated the following clause was inserted viz
No medal diploma or money shall be awarded by this Society as a testi
monial of excellence for any fruit plant flower or vegetable offered for exhibition
The verdict of the special committees shall be the highest commendation of
this Society
The policy of this clause was questioned by several of the leading horticul
tural publications of the North and East and they watched the results with
considerable attention as they prophesied that our exhibitions would fall off in
material and that the interest in them would decrease from the fact that com
petition was not encouraged by some tangible testimonial The increasing
material as placed annually upon our tables shows that the men and women
composing the membership of the Georgia State Horticultural Society have a
far greater ambition in view when freely and lavishly offering the best products
of their orchards and gardens for exhibition than the mere gratification of
winning a silver cup or a small money premium To their credit be it said
that their aim is far nobler and higher and that they thoroughly understand
that the Society is not organized for the personal benefit of any private indi
vidual or interest but for the promoting of the best products of the earth the
advancement of our agricultural education and the elevation of its social and
moral standing
You have by acting up to this clause of your ByLaws avoided the many
and often acrimonious recriminations jealousies and dissatisfaction which tall
to the lot of many societies where the exhibitors bring their products solely
with the expectation of the gain of a small pecuniary reward You exhibit
the result of your skill in Horticulture not only with the proud satisfaction of
being justly numbered among the adepts in this pursuit but because by so
doing you may teach others and by thus discriminating the best methods of
cultivation the quality and quantity of our products are increased
The wisdom of this rule is so apparent and forms one of the greatest ele
ments of strength of your Society that I must caution you to retain it unmod
ified by all means
1411
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
INCREASE IN CITY AND RURAL POPULATION AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON HORTI
CULTURAL PRODUCTS
Political economists look with well founded concern upon the rapid and
unequal growth of our cities as compared with the gradual increase of the
rural population
In 1790 onethirtieth of the population of the United States lived in cities
in 1880 nearly onefourth From 1790 to 1880 the whole population increased
twelvefold the city population eightysix fold From 1830 to 1880 the whole
population increased a little less than four fold the city population thirteen
fold Considering the numerical proportion of the population of the last half
century as compared with that of the period immediately preceding it we
cannot help regarding this increase as phenomenal This unequal increase is
full of significance and should not be lost sight of by our rural population
because they must eventually bear the burden of the evils which sooner or
later must result from the unruly elements found in large cities unless they are
prepared to resist them
It is true that the rapid increase in the population of our cities is not due so
much to the drafts made upon our rural sections as to foreign immigration
but it is with sincere regret that we see the best elements of the younger gen
eration of our agricultural classes filling a large quota in this increase So
soon as one of our young men goes through a collegiate course he seems to be
lost to agricultural pursuits he aspires no longer to follow the life of his pre
vious years but leaves the parental farm for a mercantile or professional
career oftener to meet disaster and hardships than an assured and comfortable
livelihood had he remained loyal to the pursuits of his fathers and this with
less exertions than are required from the average city avocations I entertain
a profound respect for the honest merchant or professional man without which
no wellregulated community could be possible yet does not the modest tiller
of the soil whose labors make such professions possible merit even a larger
share of our consideration If the producer of the sustaining elements of life
is the pivot upon which all other professions turn and the sourse from which
the welfare and power of a nation depends is he not entitled to the first rank
among our citizens and a similar place in the councils of this commonwealth
But if you allow your sons and especially your daughters to be allured from
the farm by the glitter of a city life are you not sometimes a little to blame
for this Have you provided your home with sufficient attractions to make
the life of the country boy or girl have its full measure of joy and content
ment instead of all work and no play Have you shown them by your ex
ample that a better interest can be derived from capital invested in a judici
ously managed farm than from a similar amount put in bank or manufactur
ing stock and that no home and pursuit is more peaceful more free from men
tal cares and conducive to health and morality than that of a progressive
farmer and fruit grower
If all these possibilities have been practically demonstrated to them and
they then elect a city life instead your duty has been fulfilled in endeavoring
142GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 17
to stem the current which drains the best resources from our future agricul
tural progress and wealth
I would rejoice to see even a larger attendance at our discussions of the
young men and young women who ere long must take our places as well as
shoulder our responsibilities as heads of families that they might become
acquainted with the principles of Horticulture as practically demonstrated by
the fruits and flowers which are displayed before them and thus learn lessons
which would increase their knowledge and encourage whatever latent fondness
they might entertain for rural pursuits and in future bring to them additional
pleasures comforts and revenue
This subject relating to the rapid and disproportionate increase of the pop
ulation of our cities is intimately connected with the increase in our Horticul
tural products and the utilization of surplus fruit This latter topic has been
brought to your notice at many of our past sessions and although not satislac
torily solved the problem seems however less intricate than formerly
The majority of the inhabitants of large cities do not purchase the higher
grades of Southern fruits but it is a feature of the New York and probably the
same in the Philadelphia and Boston markets that the bulk of the fruit ship
ped there by Southern growers is first sold to the street fruit venders whose
customers do not all belong to the upper classes by any means but who with
their penny and nickel purchases form the largest portion of consumers
With the increasing demand for fruits by the middle classes of our cities the
aid of the many drying or evaporating machines and canning establishments
there should be but slight apprehension for an overproduction of realy good
fruit An inferior article may always be classed as an overproduction if
intended for market purposes Scan the market reports for the past six or
eight years and notwithstanding that the supply has increased rapidly the
demand has kept pace and prices do not today vary materially from those or
eight years ago
FLORICULTURE
But there is one class of horticultural products which has kept in the lead in
this increase as compared with the increase of the population and that is the
floral products now so conspicuously abundant in all our cities A few years
ago the total amount of money spent in the State of Georgia for floral decor
ations would not have supported one modest tradesman Today there is
scarcely one of our towns but numbers a professional florist among its inhabi
tants while New York and Boston draw some of their products from faroff
Florida The increased facilities afforded our people by the rapid transit
schedules of our railroads have opened a new field of production and Georgia
raised cut flowers are being sent successfully to supply the demand of North
ern markets
PUBLIC PARKS
There is still another feature of urban growth upon which Horticulture has
a marked influence and which municipal authorities of rapidly growing cities
14318
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
are happily becoming impressed with and this consists in the beneficial results
which tastefully laid out public parks have upon the health and moral improve
ment of the people Where an opportunity is afforded the laboring man and
women of spending a few hours occasionally among trees and flowers there
arises in them a sensation of pleasure ana rest which the arduous and confining
nature of their labor demands and which is unfortunately not accessible to the
average cit workman and the want of which creates a feeling of unrest and
a tendency for a recreation often disturbing and detrimental to the communi
ty The larger cities are making strenuous efforts to provide means for pleas
urable recreation to that class of their inhabitants which is unable to provide
this for themselves our younger cities should provide in time accessible and
sufficient tracts of land for the laying out of public parks before the scarcity or
the high price of suitable lands make these indispensable adjuncts to all well
regulated municipalities impossible No better help can be extended fo the
temperance cause than abundant provision for popular recreation amid sur
roundings where art combined with nature tends to give real and exalted
pleasure
POLITICS AND HORTICULTURE
While this Society eschews political subjects from its discussions or princi
ples so far as advancing personal interests still we do not lose sight of the fact
that in all governments existing by the people every interest not represented
must and always will suffer We therefore as the representatives of a pro
ducing interest which is recognized among the factors of the States progress
deem it our duty to so organize ourselves that we can protect this industry by
uniting our efforts in securing the enactment of such laws as will bring about
the desired ends We are not politicians but should not be afraid to let our
voice be heard in resisting the selection of men who in becoming candidates
for the Legislature are animated with personal or sectional preferences and
who ignore that what benefits the whole State benefits every one of its citizens
A PERIOD OF BOOMS
It is said of the present period that it is one of booms We are safe in say
ing that at no time in the worlds history has there been witnessed such pro
gress in developing its industrial and mineral resources and engineering feats
which bring all sections ol the globe nearer together This boom may not as
yet have reached ail our agricultural classes but there is no reason why it
should not soon appear if we lend our efforts to the common good by creating
or producing something that will go to make up the total out of which booms
are made
When every pursuit is advancing in progress and production our own should
keep pace with that of all others as in the end everything depends upon pro
gressive agriculture and fruitgrowing
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
It is an unrefutable fact that none ol the results of legislation are more
144GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 19
lasting in moral good than those which tend to deepen in the public mind the
pride of nationality as well as locality
The tendency of the highest educational institutions of our State is towards the
teaching of sciences more intimately connected with the liberal professions
rather than those relating to the pursuit of agriculture Our body politic
could not it is true long exist without lawyers clergymen medical practition
ers bankers civil engineers or men skilled in the various pursuits of manu
facturing but if these arts and sciences have their use as well as their reward
the greatest art after all is that of living and the utmost science that of living
happily All the aid given by our State towards public education is applied to
the advancement of the arts and sciences whose pursuits are continually draw
ing from the material which should remain upon the farm If our Agricultural
Colleges as now existing and conducted are a mere parody of their names does
this not result somewhat from our agriculturists themselves in notuniting their
efforts to sustain them in the State councils by providing adequate appropria
tion as well as personal support Our State University has lately been the
subject of considerable criticism which may be just in some respects but not
so as a whole Give the State University the whole of the appropriation which
is now divided with its several branch colleges the consequence being that
neither receives a sufficient amount to become efficient and the causes for com
plaint now existing will be removed and justice done to that institution which
the farmers and fruitgrowers of the State should help to raise to the high posi
tion which it deserves
Had the men of a generation now in the sere and yellow leaf been enabled
when young to receive a proper training from State Agricultural Schools such
as other States had equipped there would not have beer any necessity lor an
InterState Convention of Agriculturists called to devise means to remedy the
causes now depressing their pursuits The great want under which this coun
try suffers is an absence of the means of giving an agiicultural training to our
boys in our schools Special studies should be added to their present curricu
lum or substituted tor a few which can be dispensed with without detriment to
a judicious course of instruction This would prepare the boys for the time
when the doors of a thoroughly equipped State College of Agriculture would
be open for them Another imperative need is the establishment by the State
of one or more
k rimit farms and stations
This Society has cooperated with the State Agiicultural Society in most
earnest endeavors to have such institutions perfected but so far we are no
nearer seeing our plan succeed than we were years ago when the first official
petition was made to our Legislature If the present General Assembly fails
to make suitable appropriations for at least one farm and station let us not give
up the fight but endeavor to reach success in future So long as these oppor
tunities for educating our agriculturists are delayed so long may the country
look for a depressed condition of its agriculture
14520
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Assaidbeforeanation may point with pride to its preeminence in artsseiences
manufactures or mineral wealth but each section thereof takes a local pride in
the success of the products peculiar to itself each of which go towards making
the national wealth and power It we study the causes which in certain coun
tries have brought these products to such magnitude and perfection we find
that every effort has been made by their governments for their encouragement
either by establishing special schools bearing directly upon these products or
by the offer of liberal State aid to individual or district organizations where
such aid is likely to promote the public interest and at the same time add to
the nations power
Some of the Western and Northern States whose climates are more uneon
nial than ours and whose opportunities for producing the great variety of sta
ple agricultural products which we have within our Commonwealth are much
inferior are nevertheless more progressive and the financial condition of their
rural population is more substantial The causes are in the main that State
aid has been given by providing a free and scientific agricultural education for
their young men and by liberal appropriations to their State Agricultural and
Horticultural Societies for the encouragement of the special products of their
States
The immediate removal of the present agricultural depression is not likely
to happen but we may hasten this result by bringing about such a change in
the popular idea of education and in the stereotyped course of instruction of
our Public Schools as will induce the larger portion of our younger generation
to remain farmers and not to become professional men
RAILROADS AND EXPRESS COMPANIES
I am happy to bring to your attention the liberality of the railroads of Geor
gia who have recognized the importance of our Society and its influence upon
the increasing production and material progress of the State and have enabled
us to arrive at our present numerical strength and usefulness To the liberality
of the railroads and the Southern Express Company are we today indebted for
this the largest assemblage of fruitgrowers horticulturists and cultured
women that has ever met in this State under similar auspices May I not voice
the sentiments of the Georgia State Horticultural Society in acknowledging to
these corporations our indebtedness for their aid and express the hope that
their reward will be assured by a rapidly increasing amount of material for
trantportaiion which will result from the work of this session
NECROLOGY
I feel profoundly grateful that I am spared the painful duty to record the
loss of any of our active members since the last session of this Society but the
greatest American pomologist and the first honorary member which headed
our list when our organization came into existence is no more Marshall
Pinckney Wilder whose name is familiar to every fruitgrower and horticul
turist of this as well as foreign countries died at Dorchester Boston Mass on
146GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 21
December 16 1886 at the age of 88 years His life was truly a noble one As
a merchant he was a model of integrity as a statesmon his record stands as
his own monument but as a skilled pomologist the world best knows him
Born on a farm he never forsook the love for rural pursuits to which his long
life was devoted The great aim of his heart was to elevate humanity through
the cultivation of fruits and flowers as the best and most refined educational
agents within our reach From his continued efforts much of the present high
standard of the horticulture of Massachusetts and especially of its progress
are due Realizing that from a systematic agricultural education and thorough
knowledge of fruit culture a country could best secure wealth and influence
the earnest work of his long life was unceasingly given to the promoting of
these objects and through his efforts were established or enlarged many of the
agricultural educational institutions of his State To him American Pomology
owes the lustre whose radiance is reflected throughout our landthe source
from which untold wealth has flowed As the first and lifelong President of
the American Pomological Society his name will always be associated with all
that is good elevating and noble in the pursuit we follow His many letters
commendatory of the work of our Society bear witness of his appreciation and
his solicitude for its progress
As years press on our own obituaries will be recorded one by one by our
surviving friends and associates May they find in our work much to com
mend and little to criticise but may we have so performed our task that there
shall remain some evidence of having added our mite to the welfare and hap
piness of others and we shall not have lived in vain
Dr H H Cary of LaGrange offered the following resolution
Resolved That the City Authorities of Dalton be and they are hereby invited
to seats in this Convention and that the citizens generally and the ladies par
ticularly be invited to attend our meetings and that every citizen is invited
to examine the display on exhibition in the hall up stairs opposite the National
Hotel
Unanimously adopted
Dr Cary moved that the ByLaws be changed so as to permit
the President to appoint one or more additional members on each
standing committee Adopted
Mr H M Sessions of Atlanta was introduced and read an
essay on Grasses and Their Eelation to Horticulture and Agri
culture
The President announced Committees on Exhibits as follows
On PeachesDr H H Cary LaGrange J D Husted Vineyard T 1
Grizzard Hapeville James Mott Orlando Pla O Hayes Smithville
On Apples Pears and MiscellaneousA H Manville Jacksonville Fla H
14722
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORG1A
W Heikes Huntsville Ala A J Williams Tobler Ga James L Fleming
Augusta J A Everett Fort Valley
On Grapes and WinesMrs J W Bryan Dillon G W Miller Rome
Ga I J Brokaw Anthony Pla H M Sessions Atlanta W K Nelson
Augusta
On VegetablesCharles Deckner Atlanta George Uhl Augusta J W
Bunch Hamburg S C Mrs W E Brown Fort Valley T Blackshear
Thomasville
The President requested any one wishing to attend the twenty
first session of the American Pomological Society a Boston 14thr
15th and 16th of September next to hand their names to the Secre
tary and receive credentials
On motion the catalogue was taken up for discussion
in mountain region
APPLES
Ben DavisMr Waring Excellent
should be double starred
Mr Bunch Does well near Hamburg S C
Mr Humph reports its success at Marshallville
Ordered double starred for mountain region
Carters BlueMr Brokaw ot Anthony Fla asked how far
South this thrived
Mr Waring reported it as a failure in mountain region
Discussion disclosed its success in middle region
HomonyMv Waring would double star for mountain region
So ordered
Jewetts BestMr Waring It deserves one star for mountain
region No apple of its season does better
One star ordered for mountain region
Never FailsMr Waring A good and late keeper in mountain
region
HornMr E E Anthony All that can be desired on sandy
soils near Macon
Oconee GreeningDr Cary Does not do well for me in Troup
county
Shockley Dr H H Cary Some years ago while not a good
apple was the best kind of keeper Afterward seemed especially
lable to attack of fnngus fruit dropped and foliage withered
148GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
23
This year however it fruits beautifully and he tenders an ample
apology to the Shockley
Webbs WinterDr Hape All specimens I have seen were
fine and good keepers
Mitchells CiderMr Sanford It holds its own in coast
region
JonesPresident Berckmans Dont think it worth catalogu
ing Eipens in June and is small of poor qualityundesirable
Moved by Dr Cary to strike from the list Carried
Several inquiries were made regarding Fameuse No one
seemed to know much about it Mr Berckmans We have never
succeeded with it as it drops in August
Mr Cliett stated that his Mangums were 13 years old and had
never borne a crop
Mr Mott Fla fruited Yellow Transparent in Arkansas
Thinks it will do well in Georgia and Florida Wants it on list
for trial
Mr Berckmans It comes highly recommended and might do
well but like the White Transparent is a slow grower though
prolific bearer
Added to the list as promising well and for trial
Mr Waring wants Tetofski a dwarf growing Russian rein
stated on list Most delicious in mountain region
Mr Mott Grows too slowly for me in Arkansas
Mr Waring I value it because it is of dwarf growth Or
dered one Star for mountains
Mr Bachman Does any one know about Gass Have fruited
it well in Whitfield Is generally known as Gass Seedling
The President The word Seedling is superfluous To sim
plify our nomenclature it was dropped some years since
Adjourned to 8 p m
August 4th 8 p m
The Society met at the Opera House President Berckmans in
the chair
Upon motion of VicePresident Cary Master Howard Bryan
thirteen years old the youngest member of the Society was
tendered a seat upon the rostrum Applause
14924
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PEACHES
AlexanderG H Waring Wants two Stars for mountains
Has not rotted with me
Mr Husted Eotted for three years
Mr Wayman Wants one Star stricken from middle region
In Spalding many Alexanders are being destroyed
Mr Humph As good an early peach as we can get
Mr Williams Think it is as good as any peach ripening at the
same time No really good peach can be raised that early Pit
cannot ripen It ought to be retained Did well with me this
year
Mr Brown
Mr Husted
Griffin
Dr Gary Entire crop rotted last year Frostkilled this year
Mr Sessions Has rotted with me badly
Mr Waring insists on two Stars for mountain region Ordered
Eecord stands
Wants two Stars for mountains Or
I endorse all Mr Runiph said
Thirty to forty acres are being destroyed near
G H Wari
ing
Columbia
dered
FruitlandG II Waring wants two stars for mountains Or
dered
HalesG H Waring Rots badly Wants one star for off
for mountains Ordered
Mr Thompson wants one star from middle region Ordered
HoneyThe President enquired what would be done in regard
to classifying North Florida
Mr Manville suggested it be classed with Georgia coast
Mr Mott Think Florida ought to have no more voice in
regard to what is suited for Georgia than the latter has to say
what is suited to Florida
Dr Hape suggested that a separate discussion be entered into
in regard to Florida Fruit
The President stated that this would be done later on
Indian Blood ClingG H Waring wants two stars for
mountains Ordered
LaGrangePresident Who cultivates it any longer
Mr Rumph I cultivate it and want it retained
150GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
25
Late RareripeMr Rumph I have not found it profitable
and do not think it worth retaining We have many good
peaches besides ripe at that season
Mountain RoseG H Waring Blooms too early Utter
failure Hasnt borne for ten years Moved to strike for moun
tains Ordered
Peen ToDr Gary Would like to know how far down the
peninsula of Florida it is successfully cultivated Hasnt done
well for me near Lake Worth in Okeechobbee region Blooms
about Xmasalmost evergreen
Mr Manville I have an orchard in Polk county Does well
Mr Mott of Orlando Have inquired in counties as far South
as Orlando Does well but for premature blossoming Evidently
tropical in character Buds abortive owing to leaves coming
contemporaneously with blossoms Have seen them blossom in
November Stops a while and blooms again at Xmas and is
over by January There is a peachthe Bidwella seedling of
Peen To which promises better than parent is a round peach
Peen To bears irregularly but the habit of blooming out of sea
son seems lost in Bidwell to a certain extent showing a tenden
cy to wait till the natural spring before blooming
Dr Cary The frost doesnt hurt near Lake Worth It is pre
mature blooming that does it
Mr Mott Sometimes soil is not suited to peach growth and
it may be the character of the soil that effects the bearing
qualities
Our shipments are not altogether satisfactory We fell into the
hands of the Philistines but I think that peaches some varieties
can be successfully raised in Florida
Mr Manville We are indebted to Georgia for Peen To and
Honey After that we have no later peaches that are very satis
factory Have known of one crop of Peen To marketed at 1200
per bushel The Pallas which is also successful in Florida orig
inated in upper Georgia
APRICOTS
Dr Hape Has the Apricot ever been cultivated in Florida
successfully
15126
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Mr Mott Thats what I want to know too Im a little at
sea myself I have seen an apricot in two places budded on a
wild plum that has fruited two seasons Am inclined to think
apricots can be found to do well in Florida
Mr Brokaw In Ocala there is a tree bearing fine fruit seems
to be doing well
PECANS
Mr Eumph Have never fruited them but have fine growing
trees in Houston
Mr Skellie Have fine trees in Macon county
Mr Waring Are doing well in Bartow and as high up as
Lookout Mountain They did so well for Dr Jones of Burke
he had to cut them down on account of squirrels injuring the
shingle roof of buildings near the trees
Mr Bach man Mr Eoff of Calhoun says they do well with him
Mr Williams This industry ought to be encouraged We
should have trees along every roadside
The President The difficulty has been heretofore that we have
given up the cultivation of pecans to Texas and Louisiana
I know a man in Louisiana who ranks his crop of pecans as more
profitable than his cotton crop Our pecans may not likely bring
the extraordinary prices received by Louisiana growers but they
are most successfully grown in the middle region Mr Paul
Pace a New Orleans fruit dealer paid 35 per barrel in 1883 for
pecans grown at Pass Christian and even a higher price was
realized by a Tensas parish grower
Judge Hansell Have seen pecans in Thomas Lowndes Brooks
and Berrien doing well especially one in Berrien said to yield
forty bushels at 400 per bushel one in Thomasville bearing
small nuts but there is one lower down the paper shell that
is choicer Some men in Southern Georgia have as many as 500
trees apiece
Mr Husted Have attempted crown grafting pecans on young
hickories in Spalding with some success so far have tried only
two years It is essential in all crown grafting to keep crown
thoroughly moist This is best accomplished by mounding with
earth
152GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 27
Mr Brown My idea is to raise seedling trees from the finest
Texas nuts They will bear in seven years
Mr Waring Move one star for mountain region Ordered
Also two stars for coast Ordered
MADE1EA OE ENGLISH WALNUTS
The President There are as many forms of this nut as of
pecans and of as diverse qualities
Mr Thompson Have seen two kinds in Eome
Judge Hansell Is this nut productive I have seen many
trees of late that bore light crops of fruit
The President Some trees near Augusta bear well especially
the early Bearing This bears as early as three years from seed
but not a full crop before seven years or longer Forty year old
trees in Carolina bear abundantly The Tree Girdler Oneid
eres Cingulatus injures our walnuts badly It is its only enemy
Dr Hape t attacks pecans too
Dr Cary Also hickory nuts
Col Waring Wants one star for mountains Ordered
JAPAN CHESTNUT
The President It is of recent introduction and does not repro
duce identically from seed only sure way of propagating is by
grafting Its yield is phenomenal know of seven and eight
year trees in New Jersey producing one bushel each quality
good large and fine and will sell readily I think they will do
well as I have trees three years old producing fruit
Dr Hape The native chestnut is rapidly dying outnot
blight but apparently a gradual decay taking three years to kill
the tree sometimes the extremities dying out
Mr Deckner It is a borer attacking the root
The President Appropos of the Japan chestnut I would like
to read a communication received some time since from Washing
ton enclosing a letter from Japan touching this subject
U S Department of Agriculture Division of Pomology
Washington D C June 29 1887
P J Berckmans Pres Qa Stale Horticultural Society
With regard to the Kelsey Japan plum I am sorry to know
that your hopes of a crop were blighted by the frost of last March There is
15328
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
no use to say to an old veteran like you that there is a good crop coming for
the patient
I have just learned that some one is playing a sharp game by introducing
from Japan certain fruits as new that were sent over there by Ellwanger
Barry They give new names and flattering accounts of them I will let the
public know as soon as I find out enough I am getting this Division into
organized shape now and hope to make it useful to the fruitgrowers of the
country Very respectfully H E VanDeman
Chief of Division of Pomology
CORRESPONDENCE
Kobe Japan June 1st 1887
Horticultural Art Journal
Tours of April 23d to hand accompanied with the Journals
Your request about Japan plum sketches and descriptions has been received
by me I am at present in the interior of Japan where my mail was sent me
On my return to Yokohama I will have correct sketches painted of all and
any good Native plums and forward them to you The greatest confusion
exists among American nurserymen concerning the Japan plums The cause
of this is simply that about fifteen years ago the Japanese government decided
to colonize the island of Yessoformed the Kaita Kushior department of
agriculture to introduce foreign fruits grains etc Mr Louis Bohmerthe
only reliable horticulturist at present in Japanwas at that time sent out from
New York to take charge of the branch of horticulture recommended by Ell
wanger Barry Rochester N Y and from that firm most of the fruit trees
planted in Tokyo and on the island of Yesso were obtained These in course
of time bore fruitand have lately within the last four or five years been
exported again as Native plums apricots and peaches from Japan by ignorant
parties thereby causing the existing confusion and mistakes Japanese pears
and peaches are not Jit to be eaten in a raw state The pear makes excellent
stock for grafting being extremely vigorous and totally free from blight and
disease The seed is extremely difficult to obtain as no canneries exist in
Japan and the seed has to be obtained in small quantities here and there
There are five or six varieties of plums here natives which are worth export
ing and of which we will send you correct sketches and descriptions
About Japanese persimmons allow me to state that a variety of names
exists in America for them which are not Japanese Next mail will
send you sketches of plums which we hope you will print in your journal
Yours truly II a Berger Co
On motion the foregoing communications were ordered spread
upon the minutes
On motion of Mr Brown the Society stood adjourned until 830
a m Friday
154GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
PROCEEDINGS SECOND DAY
29
Dalton Ga August 5 1887
The second days session was opened with prayer by the Eev
Mr Rowland President Berckmans in the chair
Dr Samuel Hape of Atlanta opened the proceedings by an
admirable essay on Seedling and Budded Peaches
BUDDED AND SEEDLING PEACH TREES
Much has been said and quite a good deal written recently on the relative
merits of budded and seedling peaches both as to their bearing qualities power
to resist frost and as regards their longevity I will premise by stating that
so far as my own experience is concerned I am unable to give in detail statis
tics compiled irom long years of observation based upon careful and pains
taking experiments nor do I believe such a thing has ever been done if so
I have neither heard nor read of it It is somewhat surprising therefore that
men of intelligence and with some pretensions even to scientific attainments
should jump at conclusions before they are reached legitimately and without
conducting a single fair experiment or making an honest test be ready to both
preach and write in favor of planting seedling peaches instead of budded
varieties Of course much bosh is written on all subjects in which mankind
are interested So long however as these theorists write on such interesting
subjects as whether the planets are inhabited or not or that the earth is now
just exactly 98562 years old which can be clearly proven etc no one is in
jured But when men undertake to influence others in the legitimate pursuit
of a calling or business and mislead them thereby entailing loss of capital as
well as precious time ending in disappointment and possibly disaster they
shonld be sure they are right before they go ahead When this subject
first suggested itself to the writer a number of letters were addressed to
prominent fruit growers over different portions of the United States In no
single instance have these gentlemen given it as their opinion that other things
being equal seedling peach trees were hardier or longer lived than the budded
trees None have reported any experiments with a view to thoroughly testing
the subject
A scientific honest and experienced cultivator Mr T V Munson of Deni
son Texas says The peach is so short lived anyway and easily influenced
by weather changes soil and cultivation that I rather think the weakness
from budded trees comes from improper treatment and not from being budded
Variety has much to do with the subject Two trees equally vigorous one
bearing small fruit merely skin and seed the other large sweet fruit and give
them equal treatment the tree with largest and most abundant fruit is apt to
15530
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
succumb flrst The varieties budded are those which bear the most and finest
fruit For this reason then nature would demand from the soil a larger sup
ply of the elements necessary to produce such fruit This then not being
contributed annually by the average cultivator the soil would in a few years
become impoverished and the tree die from neglect and starvation A seed
ling with small late slowgrowing fruit exhausting the soil less would possi
bly survive a tree which produced large sweet juicy early and rapidly
growing fruit This would seem reasonable as well as naturalboth trees
being seedlings Another eminent horticulturist known all over the United
States the Hon T T Lyon president of the Michigan Horticultural Society
writes I have known peach trees of budded varieties to prove fully as
healthy productive and longlived as seedlings similarly treated Improve
ment of quality by those who have studied the subject is generally conceded
to be more or less at the expense of vigor and soundness of wood growth If
two treesone a seedling and the other budded but otherwise equalwere
steadily subjected to parallel or equivalent treatment during their entire exist
ence I doubt if the difference would be noticeable And if the experiment
were made upon plantations of both I fancy that the only difference observa
ble would be due to what of woodproducing capacity may have been absorbed
in the amelioration of the fruit In this particular nature is sure to exact her
compensation
Another veteran nurseryman aud fruit grower noted for his honest square
methods and varied experience Mr John Saul of Washington C writes
The way I have heard the hardiness of seedling and budded peaches usually
discussed was by pointing to an accidental seedling the survival of many
the fittest and some ordinary bearing tree This is not the way to arrive at
correct conclusions A correct method would be to take the seed from a
healthy tree of say Early York plant it and from this tree take buds and
insert in vigorous healthy stocks not diseased of which you know its pedi
greeSmock for instance The tree budded on this stock will in my opinion
be longer lived and hardier than the seedling from the fact of having a vig
orous healthy stock to carry it
President Berckmans says that during an experience of thirty years both
as a nurseryman and fruit grower he has detected no perceptible difference
between seedling and budded peaches
Still another prominent fruit grower perhaps the largest in Georgia writes
me that he does not find seedlings resist the frost any better nor are they
hardier than budded trees
Mr Samuel H Rumph another progressive observing and successful fruit
grower corroborates the experience of President Berckmans and fully sustains
the position taken in the beginning of this paper
Thus it would seem that the evidence from competent observers unbiased
and unprejudiced men who would not under any circumstances lend their
names to a cause however popular unless warranted and upheld by undoubted
156GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
81
as to the general superiority
facts does not warrant this oftrepeated assertion
of seedling trees
My own experience with a single early seedling tree as early as Alexander
or any of that type Hapes Seedling has proven that no perceptible differ
ence existed between the tree named and all of those early varieties now
known by so many names but yet with no distinctive difference as to time of
ripening quality etc This tree has proven no exception to the rule and
shows no more power to resist frost than those budded from the parent tree
To test this question satisfactorily would require some painstaking experi
ments Yet nothing more than ordinary care and time would be required
Fifty or more seedling trees can be taken as a starting point At one year
of age or as soon as the budding season opens take buds from onehalf the
trees and bud the other half with them so as to have 25 seedling trees and 25
of the 50 budded trees budded from the 25 loft standing in alternate rows A
record kept of the orchard If budding is injurious a much greater number
of the unbudded trees should be still useful when the budded trees would be
dead or declining Such a test would be impartial if soil and eultvation were
same Or still another experiment might be made by budding onehalf of a
tree with its own wood and ascertain if the budded half was less productive
or was unable to withstand cold and frost to a less degree than the unbud
ded half In the absence therefore of tests named and from simply hearing
a few wiseacres proclaim their opinions I should certainly affirm my own doc
trine on this point as an agnostic In other words the assertion that the
seedlings are hardier more productive or longerlived than the budded trees
has not been proven
The limits of this paper will not permit the discussion of tile many advan
tages that budded trees possess over seedlings These are really too apparent
tc need any argument The fact that the peach does not so far as varieties
are concerned reproduce itself is a sufficient reason alone Cor the intelligent
cultivator who proposes to make a business of fruit culture to plant only
budded trees Of course it may be said that Nurserymen are largely inter
ested in keeping up budded stock and advocating the planting of budded and
grafted fruits This is true from the fact that they more than any other class
watch with care and interest the introduction of all new meritorious fruits
They carefully propagate these varieties in order that they may sell to their
patrons the precise and exact tree which will produi t this new fruit What
would be tin result if the seeds were planted of tiesi new peaches Confu
sion and disappointment of course So far as pecuniary benefits are concern
ed the Nurseryman would make more money out of seedling trees at onehalf
now charged for budded stock
It is not my purpose or design in this paper either to ridicule or condemn
those who are advocating the planting of seedling trees but I do ask of them
most respectfully and courteously to give us some proofs based upon carefully
made ana well tested experiments before they undertake to influence a com
15732
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
munity by random remarks and mere assertions backed up by no substantial
facts nor actual tests
The President Was struck last night by what was said
regarding disadvantage of early blooming This was alleged as
resulting from budding fruit trees but I think this is incorrect and
not proven
Mr Sanford Few peaches reproduce identically by seed and
that operates to prevent one of seeding as means of propagation
But in my part of Georgia experiences tends to favor seedlings
as against budded trees I would like Dr Hape to state how
nursery men can make more money on seedling trees by onehalf
than on budded if they only came true to name
Dr Hape Beoause there would be less work entailed he would
save the labor of buddine Only predicated that statement on
the condition that the nurseryman could sell all the seedlings
he raised Would ask Mr Sanford if they have ever tried in his
beit budded varieties of the seedlings that do well with him
Mr Sanford They do not do well with us but I do not live in
the true peach bolt Seedlings do better with me
Mr Thompson Seedlings with us do better but the fruit is not
so reliable as budded varieties
The President In other words this discussion seems to show
that the better the fruit the more exhaustive to the soil and
inversely and that while seedlings are the main reliance for our
Thomas county growers they are undesirable for commercial orch
ards in the middle and other sections of the State
Mr Williams The better the fruit the more exhausting to the
soil and there is also something in the acclimatization in Mr San
fords case It is a question of difference in variety after all
Judge Hansell The reason assigned for failure of budded trees
will not hold for we do not succeed in fruiting budded trees at all
while seedlings give us good results Sometimes common piney
woods varieties are raised by people in the country Have
always understood that well ripened fruit in perfect condition
would reproduce itself perfectly by the seed Is this true
Mr Thompson Several years ago we had few varieties and
identical reproduction was simpler Bees prevent that now by
mixing
158GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 33
The President Can easily answer Judge Hansells questions
Have known growers who planted the whole peach but it does
not hold any more than does the necessity for planting a whole
watermelon to secure the best results It is not necessary to
plant the whole envelope if the kernel is well ripened
I have on an orchard in Floyd county varieties planted on
the pedigree line seeds removed from envelopes when planted
Good stand obtained and when fruited some did well others
poorly the difference appeared arbitrary You have some strains
that reproduce identically others are eccentric and refuse
to yield to what is expected The grafted fruit in the Floyd
orchard however has done well and is satisfactory
Dr Hape I think the impression regarding planting the whole
peach originated from the fact that germination was more certain
on account of excess of moisture obtained The popular preju
dice to budded and grafted fruit is unjust and erroneous and
careful experiments should be made to determine their relative
merits
Judge Hansell We cant raise a budded peach in our section
We are satisfied on that point It may be local influence but it
is the fact nevertheless and we are driven back from necessity
to seedlings
Dr Hape Were you to bud one of your finest seedlings in
Thomas you would probably find it does as well as the seedlings
Dr Greene I suggested the appointment of a committee to
test this matter thoroughly and scientifically
The President This is not a new question It has been tried
I ask Mr Sanford if he has thoroughly tested it as requested in
Augusta two years since
Mr Sanford Yes sir I have 5000 men on my jury against
budded trees
Mr Varnadoe I have tested Elberta a budded variety It
did not do well But our country is no peach country
Mr Tibbs of Dalton I have made an experiment in peach
culture I exhibit a peach which is known to us as the Delaware
coming from New Jersey This shows what seedlings will do
They have outlived budded or grafted trees It is 15 years old
It does not however reproduce identically
15934
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGKORGIA
The President This peach belongs to the Lemon Cling family
The name Delaware is too broad It has one faculty It will re
produce itself with more regularity than most varieties and like
the Indian family usually gives good fruit I once saw at Roch
ester 44 varieties of seedlings reproduced from the same tree
from Hills Chiliand nearly all identical
Mr Pelton Has he ever budded this variety on other trees
Mr Tibbs I have not
The President Then nothing is proved
Dr Hape In all my experience 1 have reproduced hut one
variety as early as the Alexander We want to correct the gener
rl fallacy in regard to the superiority of seedlings
Mr Sanford One person in my experience brought 6010
budded trees from New Jersey I put out a large number of
seedlings Mine were living when his had perished root and
branch Very seldom do we succeed in fruiting grafted trees It
may be local I admit but it is true
Mr Clark of Clay This experience does not hold good for
Clay county is nearly in Mr Sanfords neighborhood
The President exhibited a PeenTo Seedlirg the Bidwell an
oblong instead of a flat peach stating that a further variation
might arise in a seedling of the Bidwell
Mr Mott of Orlando I have recently heard of a PeenTo tree
in Florida growing both flat and oblong peaches I examined
this tree and personally corroborate the report Heard of another
instance also in Florida on a five years old tree where the sports
were intermixed irregularly Sent fruit to Washington and was
informed that it was a sport or I bud variation
Mr Pelton Would like to ask Mr Sanford if he knows of per
sons who themselves budded carefully the trees that failed in his
neighborhood on neighborhood stocks
Mr Sanford I have but one answer We raise only seedlings
for sale in our neighborhood No others do well
The reports of Congressional Districts were then taken up and
ordered filed in the minutes in the following order
REPORT PROM SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To the Georgia State Horticultural Society
Mr President and Gentlemen 1 have to report that for the present
160GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 36
year there seems to be a diversity of opinion as to the fruit crop Some say
the crop was never hetter others that it was rather poor My own observa
tions are that there has been a fair crop Apples in most localities are poor
owing to frost late in the print Peaches about the same injured by frost
and rot about the time of ripening Ninetenths of the peaches in my section
were grown from seedlings as usual plums were almost a failure Grapes
tigs pomegranites mulberries the crop was never better Small fruit was good
in the early part of the season but was damaged badly by dry weather Pears
have been bountiful with most growers but the fruit rather small owing to
too many on the trees and three freezes after the trees bloomed There has
been some complaint of blight among all of the varieties hut the crop was so
bountiful and gave such satisfactory returns there is vary little complaint now
Our pear crop in South Georgia has been a golden harvest to all who planted
eight or ten years ago South Georgia seems by nature to be the home of the
pear With proper cultivation all varieties can be grown to perfection old
and new Judging from what I can learn the day is not tar distant when
every hill in this section will be a pear orchard As to new fruit I have none
to report except I am fruiting this year for the first time the Japan Mam
moth Chesnut from what 1 see I am ready to give it a place in my orchard
easy to live and bears very early seems to take hold of our soil as if it had
come to stay Vegetables and melons are good and melons have brought good
returns Field crops up to date were never better and tillers of the soil are
happy Respectfully submitted H H Sanfokd
Vice lres Ga State Horticultural Society
For Second District of Georgia
REPORT OP THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To the Georgia State Horticultural Society
During the winter and early spring the prospects were very flattering
indeed for an abundant fruit crop Peaches commenced blooming about Feb
ruary 20 and most of the varieties were in full bloom by March 10 The
weather being very favorable they grew rapidly and many orchards were
in full leaf and heavily laden with young fruit from to 1 inch in diameter by
March 30 on that day the thermometer registered at ii a m i2 Ice inch
thick with a white frost This cold wave was too severe for the peach and
but few favored locations resisted its blighting influence leaving only about
onetenth of a crop Then too the curculio came in for his share reducing if
still more
After all of these misfortunes however there has been more peaches shipped
from this section the present season than last and with much more satisfactory
results This increase of shipments is due to the very large area of young
trees just coming into bearing and also the comparative freedom from rot
Wild Goose Plums also suffered about the same proportionate loss from
cold and Curculios as the peach they too were of tine quality and sold readily
16136 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
at paying prices Pears almost an entire failure and many limbs on the
Le Conte and other varieties are dying from blight or the effects of the March
freeze
Grapes a fair crop and but little if any rot
The cold winter and dry spring checked the growth of the strawbery plants
and caused them to produce a very light crop which was slow to ripen Ship
ments commenced about April 20th and continued until July 1st
Some of the early blooming varieties of apples were injured by spring frost
but with this exception we have a splendid crop of perfect fruit and there
will be thousands of bushels shipped from this section
The interest in fruit culture is certainly more decided than on any previous
year A fresh impetus has been given to the business by the location of two
evaporiating establishments in our midst one at Fort Valley and the other
at Marshallville with consuming capacity of about 500 bushels of peaches
each per day With this arrangement the grower need not let any fruit go
to waste as he can sell all the speckled and small size fruit to the evaporator
at fair prices and only ship the first class stock in its fresh state to the distant
markets
From all that we can learn there has been more peaches shipped the present
season from Houston and Macon counties than from the remainder of the
State
This is destined to be the peach centre of Georgia if not the South at no
distant day Respectfully submitted
SAMUEL H RUMPH
Chairman Fruit Committee
REPORT OF FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To The Georgia State Horticultural Society
Your Committee for the Fourth Congressional District bog leive to submit
the following report
This has been an off year for many of the fruits successfully grown in this
district The peach crop may be said to have been nearly a failure The trees
blossomed well but a heavy frost and I may say freeze thermometer 29
nearly destroyed the entire crop Even the favored locality of Mr J H
Parnell of W Point did not fully escape the wholesale destruction He suc
ceeded only in shipping four or five hundred boxes of all varieties
The Apple crop is tolerably good The Shockley seems to be slowley regain
ing its lost ground For quite a number of years a fungus has attacked the
foliage of this tree and injured it to such an extent that no good apples were
made this year very little fungus has appeared and it is hoped that the Shock
ley will regain its original popularity I have to report the Pear crop a failure
The same causes that destroyed thd Peach crop destroyed this I am pleased
to say that there has not been as much blight this year as for the last several
years A very few Plums were made in this district The Wild Goose being
162GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
37
the best plum wo have and blossoming so early the late frost generally
deprives us of a crop The small fruits generally were reasonably good The
Grape crop good and although we had 16 rainy days in July amounting to a
rainfall of 1748 inches there was very little if any rotting The Catawba
seems to have reinstated itself as no rotting whatever has been observed this
year The specimens on exhibition now in this hall stood the test of 7 succes
sive rainy days Although little fruit has been made for the last two years
still our people are hopeful and I a satisfied that there will be no falling
off in the interest of Horticulture in this part of the State
Respectfully submitted H H Cary VicePresident
REPORT OF FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
The fruit crop in the Fifth Congressional District has been in almost every
respect a complete failure With the possible exception of a few apple
orchards and some vineyards no fruit has been grown the present season in
this district The very cold weather in the early spring contributed largely
to this result Commencing with the strawberry crop which may be
estmated at about onefourth of a crop a succession of failures has been
experienced No season within my own recollection has ever been so disas
trous to fruit growers The prices obtained for berries has been satisfactory
The quality fair to good Nothing new shown on the market known to
the writer has been exhibited the present season The Galceron berry
which had a fine test on my own grounds fully maintained its reputa
tion as the best shipping berry yet tested in this locality
Pearblight still continues its ravages and seems in no wise on the decrease
as far as observed the present season The grape crop is quite below the aver
age having for the first time in many years been injured by a late cold snap
Grape rol has been quite prevalent in many vineyards though not as violent
as some seasons in the past The market thus far has been satisfactory to
growers and increased shipping facilities promise in the near future to over
come one of the greatest obstacles heretofore known to fruit growers
SAMUEL HAPE
Vice Pres Fifth Congressional District
REPORT OF THE SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To the Ueorgia State Horticultural Society
In making my report for the Sixth Congressional District I have to say
that up to March 1st we never had a more flattering prospect for a crop of
iruit of almost all kinds but the cold spell which prevailed nearly the whole
of that month killed nearly all fruits that had bloomed
Apples in some localities are a full crop or nearly so and fruit average in
quality while in other localities the crop is reported short and rather poor in
quality I am glad to be able to report of the Shockley that while it is not
entirely free from the fungoid disease which came well nigh destroying it
16338 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
the disease has been gradually giving away for three years and there is reason
for hope that it will soon take its former position at the head of our list of
winter apples
In the northern portion of my district we had but few pears of inferior qual
ity In the vicinity of the city of Macon they are reported as being full up to
the average in every respect
Of peaches we had onefourth or perhaps less of a crop of the Hale and
Thos Rivers strains with here and there a tree well laden with delicious
fruit and a smaller proportion of a crop of other varieties running through
the Beason Mr Milne reports that seedlings bore a rail crop and worked
trees less than half a crop The reverse is the fact in my immediate locality
My neighbor has an orchard of seedlings most favorably situated for possess
ing immunity from frost as is proven by the fact that it never failed to bring
a crop until this year while two other orchards of budded trees near by less
favorably situated produced one fourth of a crop and I have noticed that very
few seedlings in ray immediate locality fruited this year
Berries of all kinds owing to the drouth which prevailed throughout the
spring and early summer were small and inferior except in a few localities
favored with occasional showers of rain The melons and vegetables suffered
severely from same cause
Never since the organization ofthe society has the grape crop been so fine
as it is this year The bunches are large and compactly filled with the largest
and best flavored berries retaining the sweetness to a surprising degree after
so much rain fall of late doing great injury to this crop
Respectfully submitted A J WILLIAMS
REPORT OF THE SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To the Member of the Horticultural Society Dalton On
Ckment Ga August 1 1887
Apples much injured by the freeze in April Onefourth of a crop of
Shockleys Oneeighth crop of BenDavis Winesap
Early apples almost a failure
No peaches but Alex in mountains
Cherries entire failure
Plums entire failure
Strawberries fine but cut short by drought
Pears good crop on mountains but no where else
Raspberries fine
Currants and gooseberries small fruit was formed but was killed by frost
Blackberries tine on mountains but failure elsewhere
LeConte pears entire failure from frost
Grapes finer than usualno rot Respectfully
GEO H WARING
164GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
39
REPORT OF THE NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To Ihe Georgia State Horticultural Society
The peach crop in my district is a total failure Very poor apple crop not
more than onetenth of the yearly average yield itnd much of what there is is
knotty and not well developed
Pears also are scarce
Plums including Wild Goose very light crop
Strawberries and raspberries in season but a short time and below the
average as to quantity and quality
Many persons attribute the failure of the fruit crop to a freeze on the 6th of
April The fruit was well advanced and the thermometer indicated 7 below
the freezing point at 7 a m the next morning
Much complaint of fireblight in pear trees Also insect depredation upon
twigs ot pear and apples trees
The Shockley still holds its own as our most reliable late keeping apple
The trees are reported healthy on good land properly cultivated
Orchards in this section of country as a general thing are badly neglected
It is to be hoped that the meeting of the Horticultural Society in Dalton
will do much to advance the cause of fruit growing for profit and pleasure in
our locality
Colonel Tibbs of Dalton reports white blackberries appearing in a field
of his He has some wine on exhibition made of the berries which is of a
much lighter color than usual
All of which is respectfully submitted S W Backman
Chairman Fruit Committee Ninth District
REPORT OF TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To Georgia State Horticultural Society
I making my report for this district I am sorry that I have nothing to
offer that is encouraging
The fruit crop has been a general failure
The apple crop has been very light and of very poor quality Some
orchards badly attacked with rust and loss ot trees on the increase from
borers I am satisfied that in some orchards many young trees have been
killed by the hot afternoon sun
The peach crop is almost a total failure excepting upon the highest localities
that escaped the late frost in March and April
Plums were a failurefruit very defective and wormy
The pear crop is very small although apparently very little blight
Japan persimmons were damaged by late frostscrop of fruit very small
The strawberry crop has not been large owing to the lack of rain during
April The abundant rains in May brought the crop up and the fruit was on
an average larger than usual
16540
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The raspberry crop was large Cuthbert Gregg arid Schaffers bore abund
antly
Blackberries were abundant The kittatinny was unusually large owing
to favorable weather in June and July
The grape crop was below an average The late frosts did much to curtail
it while mildew and black rot prevailed where preventative measures were
neglected I have found again this season that sulphur properly applied
is the most certain remedy for mildew
A larger number of fruit trees have been planted than usual but as for
merly the care given in selecting varieties suited to this climate seems to be
ignored and in consequence the usual proportion of failures may be re
corded Respectfully submitted
J P H BROWN
Chairman Fruit Committee for Tenth Cong Dist
Dr Hape chairman of Committee on Synonyms in reporting
suggested that all synonyms likely to be confusing be dropped
unhesitatingly and one name only be selected for permanent use
It was moved that the Committee on Synonyms be instructed
to act upon this suggestion Carried
Mr L A Berckmans chairman of Committee on New Fruits
reported as follows
REPORT OP STANDING COMMITTEE ON NEW FRUITS
We beg to present the following report as to the new truits exhibited
H H Sanford of Hermonsville Ga exhibits a new watermelon the
Choctahatchee dark green in color medium size said to be a good shipper
Also exhibits specimens of Japan mammoth chestnut
Dr Samuel Hape Hapeville Ga new grapeRotundifolia type black
early and prolific bearer bunches containing from 10 of 20 berries ol medium
size quality said to be best
W W Thompson Smithville Ga new PearSeedling of Suet Lea
medium yellow flesh white brittle slightly subacid but lacks tone quality
hardly good
S H Rumph Marshallville Ga PeachesSeedling of Chinese Cling large
size free white mottled pink flesh white specimens too ripe to judge of
quality said to be a fine market variety
Plants ClingSeedling of orange cling large size flesh yellow firm quality
hardly good two weeks later than parent
E R Anthony Macon Ga Grapes
NewtonyEstivalis type bunches medium compact black wine grape only
ExcelsiorBunches large berry medium pink pulp meaty quality very
good
166GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
41
Far WestEstivalis type bunches small berries medium black quality
not good a wine grape only
Poughkeepsie RedBunches small and compact berries small thin skin
quality best L A Berckmans
Geo L Tabek
A J William
H H Sanfords
Mr A H Manville chairman of Committee on Apples Pears
and miscellaneous Fruits reported as follows
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON APPLES PEARS AND MISCELLA
NEOUS FRUITS
Mr President and Gentlemen of the Georgia State Horticultural Society
Your Committee appointed to examine the Apples Pears and Miscellaneous
Fruits on exhibition beg to report as follows
PEARS
McKinnion Thomasville19 plates Unnamed
E L Veill25 plates LeContes
H H Sanford Thomasville3 plates Mikado 4 plates Bartlott 2 plates
Duehesse dAngooleme 2 plates Onondaga 2 plates Keifier 1 plate Buerre
Gifford 1 plate Buerre dAnjou 1 plate Buerre Langelier 12 plates
Unnamed
Mrs 1 W Bryan Lookout Mountain3 plates Bartlott
W W Thompson Smithville2 plates Seedling Snow 1 plate Buerre
Diel 6 plates LeConte 1 plate Slice Lea 2 plates Hawaii 1 plate
Mikado 2 plates Keiffer 2 plates Snow
L L Varnadoe Thomasville15 plates Unnamed
M F Snow Fort Valley1 plate LeConte 2 plates Unnamed
Samuel H Rumph Marshallville Ga2 plates Keifier 1 plate Unnamed
1 plate Duchesse dAngooleme 1 plate Belle Lucrative 2 plates LeConte
1 plate Bartlett
B M Thomas Dalton1 plate Bartlett
Samuel H Rumph Marshallville3 plates Simmons Red 2 plates Ben
Davis 4 plates Carters Blue 3 plates Taunton 1 plate Ugins Pippin
1 plate Chattahoochee Greening 1 plate Familj 1 plate Equinetelee 2
plates Nickajack 3 plates Stevensons Winter 1 plate Oconee Greening
1 plate Nameless 2 plates Buncombe 4 plates Unnamed 2 plates Man
gum 1 plate Cannon Pearmain 1 plate Red June 1 plate Hileys Eureka
1 plate Sweet Borgle 2 plates Shockley 1 plate Pryon Red 1 plate
Romanite 1 plate Translucent Crab 1 plate Hemesba Crab 1 plate Cul
lassaga plate Mamma 1 plate Junaluskee 1 plate Hovir 1 plate Kitta
geskee 1 plate Equinetelee 1 plate Wine Sap
16742
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Qt T Jones Port Valley10 plates Unnamed 1 plate Gansemond Beau
M P Snow Fort Valley1 plate Kittageskee 1 plate Simmons Red
plate Stevensons Winter 1 plate Harvest Sweet 3 plates Taunton 1
plate Shockley 1 plate Family 1 plate Clark Runnions 1 plate Equine
telee 1 plate Carters Blue 1 plate Ben Davis 1 plate Golden Beau Crab
H H Sanford Thomasville2 plates Carters Blue 1 plate Siberian Crab
W W Thompson Smithville2 plates Unnamed 1 plate Shockley
Mrs J W Bryan Lookout Mountain2 plates Unnamed 5 plates
Sheepnose 1 plate Horse
Hon James Sparton Calhoun1 plate Sheep Bent
Thomas Curtis2 plates Unnamed
MISCELLANEOUS
W W Thompson1 Haehiyu Persimmon 1 Unnamed Persimmon 1
Chinese Quince
H H Sanford1 Kurokume Persimmon 1 Gold Persimmon 1 Among
Persimmon 1 Hachkiyu Persimmon Pearing Branch Japan Chestnut Tea
Seed
S M Wayman Pomona1 plate Mt Vernon Strawberry
M F SnowAmong Persimmons
Samuel H Rumph1 plate Chinese Quince
Stephen Soar Dade City FlaCauley Guavas
Apples
SPECIAL MENTION
W W ThompsonA line collection Japan Pears
of LeConte and Keiffer Pears
H H Sanford exhibits an interesting collection of pears including hand
some specimens of LeConte Bartlett and Duchess
McKennon McKennon exhibits LeConte Keiffer and Bartlett Pears
deserving of notice
L L Varnadoe Bhows Kielfer Pears well colored and nearly ripe also
magnificent specimens of LeConte Pears
Samuel H Rumph shows the fullest collection of apples consisting of many
handsome specimens also a very Hue plate ol well ripened Bartlett Pears
The numbers of fruits on the different plates varied greatly and many
varieties were unnamed or misnamed
Your committee would urge upon exhibitors the importance of better classi
fication and would suggest to the Society the adoption of a standard as to the
number of fruits constituting a plate Respectfully submitted
A H Manville
W F Heikes
A J Williams
Jas L Fleming
J A Everett
Committee
188
Japan Persimmons and
so very fine specimensGEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
43
Mr W K Nelson of Committee on Grapes reported as follows
REPORT OF THE GRAPE VINE AND STRAWBERRY COMMITTEE
Secretary W K Nelson read the report on fruit exhibited for the chairman
Mrs J W Bryan as follows
The committee respectfully report that they have examined the numerous
varieties and find the following exhibits
E R Anthony of Macon Ga makes a magnificent display of thirtyeight
known varieties
We call special attention to the fine clusters of Moss Reisling
Mr J L Mynatt of Decatur Ga a handsome display of twenty varieties
Camille LeHardy of Lookout Mountain nine plates of fine grapes
Mrs J W Bryan of Lookout Mountain two plates of Ives and Martha
W W Thompson of Smithville Ga one plate of North Georgia Grape
J N Kilker Calhoun Ga three plates grapes Concord Catawba Goethe
Mrs D E Allen of Dalton Ga Scuppernong and Bullace
Dr S Hape Atlanta several branches of the new grape of the Scuppernong
family the Eden The clusters contain from 16 to 25 berries
H H Sandford of Thomasville one plate Thomas grape
Dr H H Cary seven plates of fine Catawba no rot visible showing that
this variety has regained its place as a wine and table grape
Mr James Harlan Calhoun Ga one plate Salem
E R Anthony of Macon Ga Brighton Catawba Lady Washington
Highland Eleinburg Excelsior Burchard one of Wylbes Hermann Wilder
Warren Langendorfer Balseigar Blue Laroute Bacchus Ives Perkins Black
July Jefferson Nortons Virginia Cynthiana Duchess Lindley Hartford Pro
lific Eumelan Ives Champion Walkers Winter Maxatawney Far West
Secretary Walter Triumph Long Peter Wylie Croton Vergennes Elsinburgh
J C Bucher Glendale StrawberryBucher Bidwell Dutchess Ives
Hartford Goethe Maxatawney Black Defiance Triumph Griers Goldan
Pearl Black Eagle Nortens Virginia Berckmans Champion Brighton
Diana Perkins Pearl Salem Black Hamburg Lady Washington Alvery
Delaware Prentiss Martha Wilder lona Niagara Irving Missouri Rusling
Packlington Clinton Catawba Black July Lindley Noah Elvira
J L Mynatt of Decatur Ga Maxatawney Lindley Martha Perkins
Salem Diana Goethe Packlington Agawam Duchess Clinton Alvey Elvira
Catawba Delaware Prentiss WTilder and Nortons Virginia
Camille L Hardy nine plates of grapes Cinthiana Bacchus Merimac
Catawba Martha Lindley Ives Elvira Delaware
W W Thompson one variety of Grape North Georgia new
Peter Kreisher Dalton Ga three plates grapes Keuka Goethe and Concord
W H Tibbs Dalton Ga one bottle white blackberry wine beautiful
amber color showing this white blackberry found growing wild on his planta
tion is adapted for a high class of wine
16944
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
S Wayman Pomona Spalding county Ga exhibits a large plate of Mt
Vernori strawberries On f acre he produced 2600 quarts many berries
measuring 5 inches in circumference
Bucher Bidwell exhibit one bunch of strawberries
Mrs J W Bryan
W K Nelson Committee
Mr Deckner chairman of Committee on Vegetables rejiorted
as follows
REPORT OP COMMITTEE ON VEGETABLES
Mr President We your Committee on Vegetables beg to submit the
following report
We find exhibited by Mrs Bryan of Lookout Mountain one fine specimen
of Turners Hybrid tomato three of Irish Potatoes Empire exceedingly
fine Maine Beauty extra early white and beautiful and Early Maine resem
bling the Early Rose in shape of which it is a seedling is verj promising and
said to be earlier than its parent
By Mr C L Hardy three varieties of Irish Potatoes that is Dakota
Red which is a fine specimen Blue Bell a new dark red hardy looking
potato promising a success Empire State a long very white potato
beautifully shaped
By Aaron Ruff Calhoun Ga three specimens of Beats all large one of
White Sugar one ef Long Blood and one of Blood Turnip
By H H Sanford Large Bell Pepper very fine also two fine Chocto
hatchie Watermelons weighing about 40 and 60 lbs
By G T Jones Fort Valley Ga a specimen of fine Egg Plant
By an unknown party fine specimen of Egg Plant Okra Tall White very
prolific Dwarf Green and Tall Green
By H F Rowe Dalton Ga one Irish Potato for name supposed to be
Blue Belle a perfect specimen
By B M Thomas Dalton Ga four specimens of tomatoes The Turners
Hybrid Livingstons Beauty Livingstons Perfection and Acme
all very fine
By Ben E Green Dalton Ga two tomatoes supposed to be Mikado very
large but somewhat cracked and one fine specimen of Plum Tomato Also
one specimen of aline Egg Plant one of large green Bell Pepper
By Mrs D E Allen Oyster Bean new fine and promising also an Egg
Plant fine specimen
By Mr S H Rumph Marshallville Ga some very fine Egg Plants New
York Market Chas Deckner
J W Bunch
Geo H Uhl
T E Blackshear
170GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
45
Mr Williams chairman of the Special Committee on Legisla
tion in regard to the Trusteeship of State University reported
that an adequate bill had been prepared with an amendment pro
viding for two instead of four Trustees to be elected by the State
Horticultural Society and was reported favorably by the Com
mittee but had not yet been definitely acted upon That there
was quite a sentiment against the bill and its ultimate fate was
doubtful It now lies on the table of the House
Dr Cary protested against the University being considered on
the wane Thought new blood instilled into the Board of Trus
tees might bolster it up and benefit it
Dr Hape moved that the same Committee continue their labors
in our behalf Carried
ELECTION OF OFFICERS
Election of Officers was entered into Dr Cary was called to
the chair President Berckmans retiring
President Berckmans was reelected and conducted to the chair
and resumed the duties of his office with a feeling acknowledge
ment to the society of their confidence and esteem so often and
so emphatically expressed
Vacancies were filled in the Board of VicePresidents as fol
lows
Election of V P in 1st District postponed to afternoon
In the third Mr S H Rumph was reelected as V Pres
In the 5th Dr Samuel Hape was reelected as VicePresident
In the 7th Geo H Waring was reelected VicePresident
In the 9th Mr G W Bachman was elected his own successor
VicePresidents in the other districts holding over
For Secretary and Treasurer Mr T L Kinsey of Savannah
was on motion of G H Waring unanimously elected and in his
absence this fact was ordered wired him to Savannah
On motion adjournment was had to 230 p m
3 OClock P M
The Society was called to order and election of VicePresident
for 1st District was announced No one responding the election
was again postponed
17146 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Messrs W B Brown of Port Valley H M Sessions of At
lanta and Dr Neil Mclnnis of Augusta we elected to represent
the State Horticultural Society at the February and August
meetings in the year 18S8 of the State Agricultural Society
Dr Hape of Atlanta under the head of selection of a place for
the next annual meeting put in nomination the city of Griffin
Mr Sanford of Thomasville put his own city in nomination A
ballot was taken and the result announced Griffin 38 Thom
asville 38
A second ballot was ordered resulting Griffin 31 Thomas
ville 45
Thomasville was consequently selected
Report of T L Kinsey Treasurer for the year 1887 was read
and adopted
TREASURERS REPORT
T L Kinsky Treasurer In account with Georgia State Hort Society
1886 Dr
June 30 To balance from 1885 7
1887
June 30 To annual dues from sixtynine members 1380013873
1886 Or
April 12 By paid J L Gow printing 3 75
May 1 By paid express on Michigan Horticulture Reports 1 90
July 15 By paid express on Mississippi Hort Reports 2 20
July 15 By paid J W Burke Co society stamp 3 60
July 15 By paid printing railroad passes 2 00
July 15 By paid stamps 3 00
July 27 By paid J L Gow printing circulars 7 00
Aug 28 By paid T R Gibson reporting 17 00
Nov 15 By paid J T Henderson printing proceedings 82 50
Nov 25 By paid express on Proceedings 1 50
Dec 1 By paid wrappers and stamps for Proceedings 8 00
1887
June 30 By paid mailing circulars 00135 46
1887
June 30 To balance 2H
E E T L Einsky Treasurer
Savannah July 1 1887
Geo H Waring offered the following resolution
Resolred That in accordance with the spirit of this Society which ignores
all personal interests so far as derived from its exhibition af fruits etc that
no professional hortieulturalist shall be allowed to use the exhibition hall as a
medium of advertising his private business That all cards giving more than
172GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
49
his address or the name of his business tirm as also all caJ the American
colored plates of fruits or fruits in jars tending to make yfemke 14 it
this being according with a resolution adopted by this Sock
1877 Gko h
Motion lost
Dr H H Cary offered the following resolution of thanks
Be it Resolved That the thanks oT this convention are due and they are
hereby tendered to the citizens of Dalton for their refined and elegant hospi
tality extended during the stay of its members in their beautiful city
Resolved further That the thanks of this Society are tendered to the various
railroads so kindly giving us free transportation to and from Dalton and that
it is distinctly understood by us that the railroads have during the last decade
been great developers of the agricultural and horticultural resources of the
State of Georgia
And resolved finally That our thanks are hereby tendered to the Southern
Express Company for its continued and appreciated courtesies in transporting
all exhibits free
Adopted
Dr Hape suggested that this resolution be sent direct to the
railroads endorsed by the officers of the Society
Dr Hape then offered the following resolution on the death of
Col Marshall P Wilder
MEMORIAL OF THE HON MARSALL P WILDER
The following memorial resolutions were of offered by VicePresident Dr
Samuel Hape
Whereas the Hon Marshall P Wilder the honored President of the
American Pomological Society and an honorary member of the Georgia State
Horticultural Society departed this life on December IB 1886 after a long
and useful life full of years and honors alike be it resolved
1st That this Society express their deep sorrow at the irreparable loss they
have sustained and in common with every Pomologist in the world deplore
the death of one who as the head of American Pomology will always be
gratefully remembered and his memory stand as their guide
2nd That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the family of the
deceased and a page of our records be inscribed to him in memoriam
Unanimously adopted by a rising vote
173rr
IN MEMORY OF
MARSHALL PINKNEY WILDER Ph D
President of the American Pomological Society
and Honorary Member of the Georgia
State Horticultural Society
Born at Rye N H September 22 1798
Died at Boston Mass December 16 1886GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
49
Volunteer delegates were called for to attend the American
Pomological Society Meeting at Boston on September 14 15
and 16
Volunteers P J Berckmans Geo H Waring Dr Saml Hape
A H Manville H M Sessions Dr H H Cary
Mr Bachman announced that he was a citizen of the 7th dis
trict and could not therefore occupy the position of V P of the
of the 9th
Col Waring suggested that he be retained A constitutional
point was raised on account of MrBachmans residence
Mr Sessions suggested that the vacancies in the Vice Presiden
tial list be filled by the Society with members from other districts
Dr Hape moved that the matter be left to the Executive Com
mittee for future action by appointment Carried
Mr Heikes moved the same in regard to first district Carried
Discussion of Catalogue
PEAKS
Beurre d AnjouMr Sanford One of the best A good fruiter
and a good grower Moved for two stars for coast Ordered
KieferMr Thompson moved two stars for middle region
Carried
GarberMr Thompson Have 6 year old trees but have not
fruited
Mr Berckmans Neither have I
Smiths HybridMr Thompson It blights badly
Mr Sanford Have fruited it in Thomas Think it fine
Every one reports it as a little sour but good
President Berckmans I think we decided last year it was
better than LeConte
Mr Sanford My trees bear at four or five years freely Want
two stars for it for my region but will be content with one One
star ordered for middle region
Mr Waring announced that two apples the Wallace Howard
and the Mrs Bryan had been now well tested and deserved two
stars
The President They resemble Buncombe somewhat but
distinct and superior
175
are60
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Mr Waring 1 move both varieties be catalogued and given
one star for mountains So ordered
Mr Frederick We have at Marshallville called the Bradford
Best Is it catalogued
Pres R It is catalogued as Kentucky Red Streak Bradfords
Best is the synonym
Attention was called to the fact of a misprint under the head of
LeConte Pear It should be double starred in both middle
region and coast
PLUMS
BeCaradeucMr Waring Wants it struck for mountains
Carried
Mr Sanfbrd Want it struck for middle region
The President I like it It is earlier than Wild Goose and
profitable I would like only one star stricken in middle region
Ordered
HarpersDr Hape Moved stricken from the list Ordered
Kelseys JapanMaj Books Mr Taber at Glen St Marys
has truited it successfully
The President This is the third year I have fruited it June
buds produced the following year A peculiar plum different
from native or European is of best quality large sometimes
4 oz sweet prolific enormously so Fruit was hurt by frost this
year badly Have seen marks of eurculio on fruit but none
deeper than skin It is a rapid grower
Maj Rooks Doesnt do so well on peach stocks as on plum
The President The Robinson is like Wild Goose same size
quality and flavor but later and hence desirable
Mr Sanfbrd I move it be catalogued as promising well Or
dered
Mr BLusted I have one tree of Marianna in bearing as good
as Wild Gooseprobably an improvementof better appear
ancemore highly colored Ordered catalogued for trial
The President I caution all against investing in Japon plums
of Apricot section They dont do well with us herebloom in
mid winter
Mr Thompson I have fruited Caddo Chief a very early good
176GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 51
plum of Chickasaw type About as early as our wild plum ton
days or a week earlier than wild grown
Mr Berckmans Botan is distinct from European Said to
have been fruited at the North Dont know about it here
GRAPES
NiagaraDr Hape Grows well but rots quality good
Mr Bucher Rots badly
Mr Husted Fruited crown grafts Did better than Concord
and of first quality
WardenDr Hape Possesses the good qualities of Concord
and is a little larger
Mr Husted I have 200 vines two year grafts Larger better
more prolific and more desirable than Concord
BerckmansDr Hape Should have two stars in middle region
So ordered
DuchessDr Hape By bagging can be saved from rotting
its only failing Its quality is best
Mr Berckmans Sets badly and rots badlynot even prom
Mr Thonpson Has too much foreign blood Does not do
well
Lady WashingtonHusted Does poorly grows slowly
PrentissHas poor roots Best appearance if it did not rot
Fine bunch OrderedCatalogued suitable for amateur culture
DianaHape Want better classification for Diana Should be
good quality good bearer and good shipper So ordered
PocklingtonHape A complete failure first last and all the
time
Sanford Worthless Drops off when ripe
President Saw it exhibited at Rochester years ago It was
beautiful but of poor quality It is worthless The older the
vines the smaller and the meaner looking and should be discarded
Dr Hape Would like a new grape of mine black the Eden
catalogued I have fruited it three years It is prolific and
ripens later than scuppernongs Moved to have it put on trial
Ordered
Mr Bucher 40 Griefs or Missouri Reisling does well with
17752
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
me A white grape and would like it placed on list as promising
well So ordered
The President Would like information as to Woffords Winter
Grape
Mr Thompson I have failed with it but perhaps because I
pruned it
President I have seen specimens I consider it an abomina
tion
TriumphPresident A white showy grape formerly grand
but of late showing tendency to rot
Husted Fruited it this year two years crown grafts fine
quality and enormous bunches It grew most beautifully
STRAWBERRIES
GalceronHape The most solid berry of its size and quality
I know A perfect bloomer and very promising Should have
one Star for middle region
RASPBERRIES
Golden QueenThe President This has been represented as a
yellow Cuthbert but crumbles to the touch and fires badly Quali
ty much interior to Cuthbert
BLACKBERRIES
Early HarvestPresident Bore wonderfully and earlier by
two weeks than Wilson and while rather small is of as much
profit as any other Its merit consist in its earliness and the con
sequent ready sale
MULBERRIES
RussianSanfbrd Worthless
FIGS
Judge Hansell We find some difficulty in our synonyms We
are mixed for instance between the Celestial and Sugar It bids
fair to become a prominent and profitable fruit and we would
like to have the names clearly set down for us
President This is all done explicitly in standard works It
will be attended to next session
178GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
53
Mr Sanford I received three figs from California white the
Don Petro the White Adriatic and Geneva They grew off well
standing cold wonderfully but 1 have not yet fruited them
CHERRIES
The President Our friend Mr Bunch of South Carolina cul
tivates an old variety of the Morello class the Old Flemish or
Montmorenci and makes some money out of it Its quality is
not very high but it yields regular crops where other sorts fail
QUINCES
ChampionHape Am fruiting Champion Not yet ripe but
promises well Bears sooner than most quinces
PERSIMMONS
The President Mr Sanford exhibits a persimmon wrongly
named He calls it KnoxKnore but should be KoTsuru one of
the oblong class
It was moved that the last years Committee on Persimmons
be continued
Dr Hape announced that all surplus fruit would be donated to
those who took the trouble of fitting up the hall
Dr Cary Mr Rumph suggests that the exhibits after the
friends of the exhibitors have been provided for be turned over
to the Hall Committee
Moved that the last years Committee on Printing be continued
Dr Cary Dr Hape and Mr Bucher Committee
After an appropriate concluding address by President Berck
mans in which he congratulated the Society that it stood second
to none in the country having now 125 members on its roll
against 80 last year and was evidently on the upgrade and after
a feeling tribute of thanks for past confidence imposed in the
speaker the Society was pronounced adjourned
P J BERCKMANS
H N Starnes Sec pro tern President
17954 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CATALOGUE OF FRUITS
PLAN OF CATALOGUE
To enable the Society to publish a full and reliable catalogue o fruits which
are successfully cultivated in Georgia and in view of the vast differences which
the climatic influence of the several sections of our State has upon the same fruit
cultivated upon the mountains or near the seacost it has been deemed advisable to
divide the State into three distinct sections
1 The Upper or Mountain Region embracing that section of Georgia between
the 34th and 35th degrees of latitude N
2 The Middle Region between 32d and 34th degrees and including the south
western portion of the 32d degree
3 The Lower or Coast Region comprising the counties of Chatham Bryan
Liberty Mclntosh Glynn and Camden
The explanations of the columns will be found under each class of fruits
The varieties named in the several lists are of recognized good quality inferior
or rejected varieties being omitted
Synonyms are given in a few instances only where it was deemed necessary
these are placed under the adopted name in italics
One indicates that the varieties succeed well in the region named at the
head of the column Two indicate the varieties most highly recommended
No indicates no report or that the variety is not sufficiently tested A Dash
indicates that the variety is unsuited
APPLES
Explanation of Columns
Column 1stName of varieties
Column 2dSeason of maturity
Column 3d The particular use for which it is best adapted
Columns 4 5 and 6The regions for which the varieties are recommended
Column 7thRemarks
Explanation of Abbreviations
Column 2dSeasonsS summer A autumn W winter E early L late
E S early summer L W late winter etc
Column 3dUseK designates varieties recommended only for kitchen or
cooking purposes D for drying C for those specially intended for cider M
those most valued for market Varieties not marked may be considered as table
or dessert sorts
180GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
APPLES
55
c c c
NAME c a c if Fh c REMARKS
a o o5 c 5 s CO 5
Astraehan Red ES M Profitable early market not prolific
Ben DavisiNew York
Pippin LW Second quality excellent keeper
BncombeSisMeigsRed
Winter Pearmain Red of bloom buds
Fall Pippin A M Excellent In some soils liable to blight Excellent fine keeper prolific
Black Warrior
Carters Blue Syn Lady
Fitzpatrick A M Large sugary very fine splendid
Carolina Greening Syns grower
Green Crank Southern
Greening Green Cheese W M Excellent
Cannon Pearmain LW Second quality fine keeper
Carolina Watson S M Very large prolific profitable market
Cullasaga EW Requires strong clay soil
Chattahoochee W Excellent and fine keeper
Disharoon A Good quality fine grower
Early Harvest ES M Universal favorite
Elgin Pippin A M Large and very good
Equinetelee Syns Bache to borer
lor Buckingham etc A M Very good needs strong soil subject
Etowah Syn Coopers Red W M Very good fine keeper
Fall Pippin A M Large and very good pie prolific
Family M Excellent and profitable summer ap
Farrars Summer Syn
s Very good lasts from July to October
Ferdinand A Large good quality
Grimes Golden Pippin EW Very good in mountain region State
ES vr ir Good in Middle and Western portion of
Homony Syns Summer
Queen of KentuckySops
ot Wine S M Excellent prolific
Holeys Eureka LW S Late keeper line lasts two months
Horse S K SHS Superior for cooking and drying pro
Hocketts Sweet LW Prolific and good keeper
Horn LW S Good keeper open grower fruit Productive excellent for cider showy Very large very good stout grower
Julian S K
Jewetts Best s
Kansas Queen s Very showy
Kittageskeo LA Very prolific small very good
Kentucky Red Streak Syn
Bradfords Best A Fine grower
Leaver LW K i Second quality late keeper
Lanier A 1 Showy fall apple good quality region
May Pippin ES v Very early reliable in middle or westn
Mamma A Very good fine tree
18156
DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
APPLES Continued
NAME a 0 u a a c So a u d c IS REMARKS
o B 3
d a
09 c 8 s c G
w Excellent prolific subject to moth
Mavericks Sweet W M Very good good keeper unreliable
Moultries Syn Indian
LW M Good and late keeper
A Showy and excellent
Neverfails Syn Rawles
Janet A M
Niekajack Syns Summer
our Berry Wonder etc W M Excellent in some sections of middle region unreliable apt to drop before
Nantahalee Syn Yellow attaining full size soils
Stone S Very good apt to rot at core in nome
Oconee Greening A Excellent
Palmer or Pear Apple E Mediumvery goodprolific tain ngion
Romanite LW Unsurpassed in quality prolific in moiin
Red June Syn Carolina
Red June ES M i Early prolific very good bears very young profitable for market
Rhodes Orange ES Excellent summer fruit
Simmons Red S M Matures fruit from June to October
LW M 4 M Reliable in every section profitable
Sauta LW Very good late keeper even on coast
Summer Cheese S K Large prolific excelt for cookg dryg
Summer Queen s M Prolific and good market apple ing
Stevensons Winter LW M Unsurpassed in quality bearing keep
Striped June Syn Early
Red Margret of the South ES M s Si M Excellent fine grower and prolific
Sweet Bough Syn Sweet
Harvest A M Very good early sweet
Taunton W Large showy good quality fine for
Webbs Winter w Good market open grower
Whites Winter Pearmain w ft Good
LW Small very good prolific and bears
Yopps Favorite S Very good young desirable variety
Wallace Howard A Very showy and excellent
LW ft Quality very good
Mitchells Cider S Promising well late summer
Yellow Transparent E Promising well for trial
LEADING VARIETIES OP APPLES FOR MARKET ORCHARDS
SummerAstrachan Red June Early Harvest Family Striped June Horse
Julian Homony
AutumnBuncomb Carters Blue Equinetelee Taunton
WinterBen Davis Chattahoocbee Greening Etowah Hocketts Sweet
Mangum Niekajack Romanite Shockley Stevensons Winter Yates Sauta
Black Warrior 182GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
57
PEACHES
Explanation of Columns1st Name of variety 2d Classfreestone or
clingstone 3d Color of flesh 4th Season Sth Use Remaining columns denote
the region etc
AhbreviationsCtassF freestone C clingstone FleshW white Y
yellow R red SeasonE early V E very early M medium L late V L
very late Very early ripen from end of May to June 20th early from June
20th to July 5th Medium from July 5th to August 10th late from August 10th
to October 1st very late from October 1st to November 10th UseF for family
use only M the most valuable for market D the most desirable for drying
Varieties not marked may be considered good for home use
NAME
Alex Syn Amsden
Amelia Syn Stro
mans Carolina
Austin
Beatrice
Bustians October
Baldwins Late
tChinese Cling
R E Lee
Columbia Syns In
dian Pace etc
Crawfords Early
Crawfords Late
Darby
Lemmings Septbr
DufI Yellow
Early Tillotson
Eatons Golden
Elberta
Pruitland
Plewellen
Fleita6 St John
Syn May Beauty
Foster
Grosse Mignonne
Great Eastern
Goodes October
General Taylor
Hales
Honey Syn Chi
nese Honey
Heath White Syn
White English
O
W
W
w
W
w
v
Y
w
Y
Y
Y
W
Y
Y
i
Y
Y
W
R
Y
Y
W
W
K
R
W
w
w
V E
E
V L
V E
V L
V L
E
E
M
E
M
V L
L
E
V E
L
M
L
E
V E
V E
M
M
V L
V E
V E
E
M
F
M
M
M
M
MD
M
M
M
M
D
M
D
K
REMARKS
Quality very good bright color very
profitable
Very large very good
Excellent Oetober cling
Excellent below medium size fine
color requires rich soil and thinning
An excellent very late cling
Good late freestone
Excellent and large subject to rot
Earlierthan its parent Chinese cling
Excellent for all purposes variety
Very good and standard market
Variable rots in some seasons
An excellent October cling later
Similar to Lemon cling ripens month
Very large early second quality
Very desirable
Superior cling for preserving
Very large and handsome
Good for its season
Good early cling of Indian type
variety
Very good early excellent market
Earlier than Early Crawford
Good but too tender for market
Very large variable in quality
Very good late Indian cling
Very good early cling
Variable apt to rot in some localities
able for Florida
Very sweet blooms very early suit
L M Excellent for preserving and market
18358
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PEACHES Continued
NAME CO CD s CM o C 0 CO if D REMARKS
CO CO 0 o si lJ 2 5 CO r
5 o O a a Z o
Indian Blood Cling c R M M Very juicy and good
LaGrange F W L Large pure white good
Late Admirable F W M V Very goodtoo tender for market
Lemon Cling Syn
Pineapple C Y M M Superior Cling
Louise Rivers F W V E M Very good ripens 1 wk after Beatrice
Mountain Rose F W M M as Superior to Early York
Muscogee F W M M Whitefleshd Columbia Good
Newington Cling C W M SiSi
Osceola F y L Si Good freestone of Indian type
Old Mixon Ereestoe F w M m Excellent market variety
Old MixonCligstoe C w M M Excellent market variety
Picquets Late F Y L MD Best freestone of its season
F W L M Very good September freestone
tRivers F w V E F SHF Si Si Of best quality large size too tender for market
Stump the World F w M M Superior market variety
Susquehanna F Y M M Very large superior to late Crawford
Snow F w M F Pure white good for preserving
Scotts October C Y V L Good late cling
Tinsleys Oct Cling c W V L Good late cling
Thurber F w M Y Si Very large best qualit
Tuskena C Y V E M Lemon cling June further trial
Robinson 5 5 Seedling of Chinese cling Worthy of Adapted to Florida only
PeenTo c W V E
t Several improved seedlings of Chinese Cling have been introduced less liable
to decay than the original The following new varieties originated by Mr Rivers
of England are all inferior in quality to the Mountain Rose which ripens at
same season viz Early Alfred Early Albert Early Silver Magdala Dr Hogg
Prince of Wales
LEADING MARKET VARIETIES IN ORDER OF MATURITY
Alexander Beatiice Louise Hales Early Tillotson Fleitas St John Tuskena
General Taylor Mountain Rose Foster Early Crawford Chinese Cling Old
Mixon Free Susquehanna Elberta Stump the World Columbia Lemon Cling
Muscogee Indian Blood Cling Picquets Church White Heath Cling Eatons
Golden Baldwins Austin Darby Bustians
LEADING VARIETIES FOR SHIPPING TO NORTHERN AND WESTERN MARKETS
Alexander Fleitas St John Tillotson Crawfords Early Crawfords Late
Elberta Stump the World Susquehanna
184GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
59
FOR FAMILY USE
Add to aboveEarly Rivers Hales Yellow St John Amelia Mountain Rose
General Taylor Cling Duff Cling General Lee Stonewall Jackson Chinese Cling
Thurber Lemon Cling Columbia Old Mixon Cling Picquets Osceola Baldwins
Late Heath White Demmings September Cling Eatons Golden Bustains Octo
ber Austins Late Tinsleys October
NECTARINES
Explanations and abbreviations same as peaches
NAME
3 a
a o o
bO a u o So
O u 03 C CD M
5 o O CD GQ CD 3 O o
REMARKS
Boston
Downtown
Early Newington
Early Scarlet
Early Violet
Elruge
Golden Cling
Hardwicke
Hunts Tawny
New White
Red Roman
Stan wick
Victoria
Y
R
R
R
R
R
Y
R
R
W
R
Y R
W
Reports from every section
state this fruit to be un
reliable owing to attacks
of the curculio
APRICOTS
Explanations and abbreviations same as peaches
Breda
Early Golden
Hemskirke
Large Early
Large Red
Moorpark
Orange
Peach
Kaisha
St Ambrose
Royal
Turkey
Y
Y
R
Y R
R
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y R
Y R
Y
E
E
M
E
M
L
M
M
M
M
M
L
Trees are liable to be killed
by spring frost Only
desirable for city gar
dens or where protected
by surroundingbuildings
18560 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
POMEGRANATES
NAME c o cSo 3 a p o a o So CD tH d 3 d o So a o O REMARKS
The climate of mountain region is too cold to grow this plant Suitable for pot culture
Acid

NUTS
Pecan
Madeira or English Walnut
Cobnuts and Filbert
Japan Chestnuts
Very prolific and desirable
Succeeds well in Middle Geor
gia
Promising well
186GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
61
PEAES
Explanation of Columns1st name of variety 2d season 3d use stock
upon which the variety succeeds best remainder the region in which the varie
ties are recommended
AbbreviationsSeason and UseSame as those for apples StockQ quince
S pear stock Where not marked the varieties thrive equally upon quince or pear
a c So p C 0 5r C 0
NAME rj REMARKS
c o a Q 03 o o P I 31 C 3
Bartlett S M s Good everywhere but subject to blight
Belle Lucrative s S Good for family use
Buerre Rose A S Variable as to soil
Buerre Clairgeau A s Apt to lose its foliage
Buerre dAnjou S M I Very good
s Good
Buerre Easter w s X A late keeper
Buerre Gifford ES 1 Very early poor grower
Buerre Langelier A Very fine in mountain region
Buerre Superfine S M Excellent but rots at the core
Buffum s
Clapps Favorite s il s Very goodand fine color matures rapidly
Doyenne dEte ES ft Good very earlybut small standdonly
Doyenne Boussoc k S s Slow bearer
Duchesse dAngle me S M Q Most profitable of all on quince
Flemish Beauty S M s Good but liable to rot at core
Howell S M xx Very good
Lawrence s M s Large and finefine grower best on stand
Louise Bonne de J ry S Variable as to quality ard
Onondaga s M Vigorous grower good quality
Osbands Summer ES
Ott S Small but excellent and productive
StMichael Archan gel S X it Fine grower good fruit
Seckel S M k Slow bearer fruit best quality
Stevens Genessee S
Winter Neils w vx Best keeper
LeConteStynChin ese table and market
Pear S M s Valued in South Georgia very good for
Petite Marguerite VE Seedling of Doyenne dEte and better
Keiffer A 11 s Ml X Productive and valuable as to late pear
Oriental type good
Promising well Oriental type
BEST VARIETIES FOR MARKET IN ORDER OF MATURITY
On QuinceBuerre Gifford St Michael Archangel Buerre Superfine Howell
Duchesse dAngouleme Seckel Buerre dAnjou
On StandardDoyenne dEte Clapps Favorite Bartlett Belle Lucrative
LeConte Flemish Beauty Buerre Clairgeau Lawrence Keiffer Buerre Easter
and Winter Neils
Oriental TypeDamio Mikado Garbers Mme Von Seibold Very pro
ductive and valuable for canning and evaporating
18762
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PLUMS
Explanation of Columns1st name of variety 2d color 3d class whether
free or clingstone 4th season remainder region in which the varieties are
recommended
AbbreviationsColorR red Y yellow B blue G green P purple
SeasonAs for peaches ClassC clingstone F freestone
NAME
Bradshaw
Coes Golden Drop
Columbia
Damson Syn Blue
Damson
Duanes Purple
Green Gage
Imperial Gage
Lombard
Mogul Syn Morocco
Monroe
Orleans jnSmitbs
Red Gage
Wild Goose
Nkwnanb
DeCaradetjc
Harpers
Marianna
Robinson
Washington
Yellow Gage
Kelseys Japan
O
B
P
G
G
P
B
G
P
R
R
R
Y R
R
R
R
Y
Y
P
2
rj
REMARKS
The curculio prevents the fruit from be
ing raised to any extent Where spe
cial care is taken to destroy the inseets
the varieties marked are recommend
ed The new varieties of the Chicka
saw type are comparatively free from
curculio and very prolific bearers
Varieties in small capitals belong to
Chickasaw type
Promising well
Promising very well
188GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
63
NATIVE GRAPES
Kxplanation of Columns1st name 2d variety 3d season 4th use
Remaining columns for regions etc
AbbreviationsColorW white B blue or black R red PB pale blue
SeasonE early maturing from beginning to end of July M medium maturing
from end of July to August 15th L late maturing after middle of August VL
very late maturing after middle September UseM market T table W wine
NAME
Type Labrusca or Fox
Grape
Brighton
Catawba
Concord
Dehiware
Diana
Hartford
Ives
Maxatawney
Moores
Niagara
Rerkins
Rrentiss
Worden
Type sEstivalis Sum
mer Grape
Black July SynVev
ereux
Lenoir
Long Syn Cungham
Nortons Va
Warren Syn Herbe
mont
Type Cordifolia Frost
Grape
Clinton
Type Riparia River
side Grape
Elvira
Missouri Reisling
Noah
Type Rotundifolia
Muscadine
Flowers
Seuppernong
Tenderpulp
Thomas
Eden
O
R
R
B
PR
PR
B
B
W
B
W
R
W
B
B
B
PB
B
PB
W
W
YV
B
W
B
PB
B
fc
VL
L
L
E
L
T
W
MW
TW
TM
M
WM
T
M
M
M
T
M
TW
W
W
W
W
W
w
TW
W
w
w
WT
TW
TW
REMARKS
Very good quality good bearer
Less liable 1o rot than formerly re
gaining its old standard
Among our best varieties
Besttabl vartyreliableslowgrwr
Good quality good bearer shipper
Good early variety for market
Prolific and no rot
Good variety shy bearer
An early shipper
Promises well
Good bearer no rot second quality
Suitable for amateur culture
Larger than Concord
Excellent shy bearer while young
Rots in middle region Excellent for
wine
Good but not productive
Good tor wine
Apt to rot Excellent quality
Good for red wine
Reliable in the upper middle region
Promising well
Better than Elvira for white wine
The latest of the type
Most certain bearer good wine
Pulps dissolving grape
An excellent early variety
Promising well
189
mmm64
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
NATIVE GRAPES Continued
Hybrid Varieties
Berckmans
Duchess
Goethe Syn Rogers
No 1
Lady Washington
Lindley Syn Rogers
No 9
Merimack Syn Rog
ers No 19
Salem
Triumph
Wilder Syn Rogers
No 4
Irving
Peter Wylie
c g
M if
M
a 0 o
h 6 T
3 o f CD CO p 3 3
R U T
W E T
GW L T
W M T
R M T M
B M M
R M M
W M T
B M T
W M T
W M T
a
KKMARK8
Vigorous better bearer than Delaware
Promising well
Good late
Stong
Good
One of the best of Rogers Hybrids
Good
White showy
Good and gaining in favor
Promising well
Best quality promising well
STEAWBERRIES
Explanation or ColumnsFirst name second sex third origin fourth
use fifth season remaining columns for regions etc
AbbreviationsSexP pistillate all the others are hermaphrodite Ori
ginF foreign A American UseF family M market SeasonE early
V E Very early L late
NAME y CD p C o CO n a 0 OS CD 03 a 0 CD C 3 a o a o Sb O i a 0 M CD U CO Q 3 REMARKS
Charles Downing Triomphe de Gand Wilsons Albany Nunans Monarch of the West Manchester H 11 11 11 H 1J V A V A A A A M M M E L EL V E E L 5s Ml Good variable as to soils Very fine where it does not burn Best every report favorable Worthless in middle region valuable for immediate coast Size large and quality good Pistillated must be cultivated in alPromising well f ternate rows with Promising well other varieties
190GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 05
RASPBERRIES
NAME
c B B
o O

c bf M iC
S i OJ a
C3
c 3 O i 93 O
REMARKS
as Iap Varie
ties
Gregg
Mammoth Cluster
Schaffers
Soughegan
Class IIAmerican
Red Varieties
Cuthbert or Queen
of the Market
Turner
Class III Hybrid of
Foreign Ameri
can Red
Caroline
Best of the black caps
One of the best for midseason
Late productive good shipper
Very early
Best and most reliable
Good
Good yellow productive
BLACKBERRIES
Kittatinny
Wilsons Early

MULBERRIES
Downings
Hicks
Stubbs
5S
Good flavor acid moderate bearer
Inferior fruit very prolific recommended for
Large very good poultry and hogs
Rrincesse
Sultana
Hardshell
ALMONDS
Blossoms are liable to be killed by spring frosts
Reports are unfavorable from the middle and
mountain regions
19166
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
FIGS
Explanation of Columns1st name 2d size 3d color 4th season
remaining columns for regions eto
AbbreviationsSizeS small L large M medium ColorW white or
yellow G green B brown or reddish P purple or blue V violet Season
E early M middle season E and L early and late
c
Sir rf
1
NAME l 9 REMARKS
a 3 T3 7S

Ij o M J
Angelique Syn
Early Lemon s w E Small good early
Brunswick Syns
Madonna Consple L p KL Very large and desirable
Black Genoa M p M K
Black Ischia M p M z Good
Celestial S V E V Small prolific and desirable
Rrown Turkey M B BL u Rest of all for middle region
Brown Smyrna M B M Very good and prolific
Green Ischia Syns
White Ischia
Green Italian M G M L tT h Very good
Lemon M V M fi Good
Violet Round M v M
Nerii S w L Good
Marseilles M w M Rather dry hut prolific
CHERRIES
Explanations and abbreviations same as Figs except color li red A amber
D R daik red or nearly black Y yellow Y R yellow red
NAME
Belle de Ohoisy
Belle Magnifique
Blk Heart Warden
Black Tartarian
Black Eagle
Carnation
Coes Transparent
Earlys Richmond
May Duke
English Morello
c
o C

bf
a l
hi
I


6 50 A ad c 3 33 6
M I R M
M R M
L D R E j
L D R M
L I R L
M R M
S A y M
M R M
L R E
M R M
UK MARKS
5 Very early
Cherries are uncertain in middle region
except in a few localities where good
crops are sometimes produceI the Mor
ello class being most desirable Trees
should all be grown on Mahaleb stock
192GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
CHERRIES Continued
67
NAME
Napoleon
Roekport
Reihe Hortense
Governor Wood
Baumans May
Yellow Spanish
C q d
o o

5 f J
2 K D 1
0
j
c 33 3 o T3 09 o
GC w X s 3
R
AR
R
R
R
Y
REMARKS
NAM E
QUINCES
c
c

r to c bL
en a 4 2
t

w a 3
O 3 S 53
REMARKS
Angers
Chinese
Orange or Apple
Portugal
Raos Mammoth
Fine quality preserving
Succeeds best in Southwest Georgia good for
Most generally cultivated
Large and fine
Quinces need strong clay soil They are unproductive in gray land
JAPAN PERSIMMONS
Dioftpyros Kaki
It is almost impossible to give an accurate nomenclature owing to the confusion
which exists in tiie collections imported from Japan These collections seldom
contain more than twelve varieties yet when the trees bear fruit the same name
is often round to apply to several distinct varieties or one variety has several
names The best and most distinct varieties have been included in this list and
with such synonyms added thereto as have been ascertained after several years
trial and while no claim is laid to strict accuracy the aim has been to reach this
as nearly as possible
All the varieties are hardy in the middle and coast regions and occasionally in
the mountain region
19368
DEPAKTMKNT OF AGRICULTU RKGEORGIA
The fruit is usually of a bright orange red or vermillion the color being more
or less intense according to variety and begins to color when half grown but
should be allowed to hang upon the tree until just before frost is expected or in
the case of early ripening varieties when fully soft If gathered before a frost
there is a slight astringency next to the skin but this disappears after being kept
in the house for a few days or weeks If allowed to he slightly touched by frost
the flavor is much improved but it will then not keep many days It is therefore
desirable to gather the fruit before frost if intended for keeping and then some
varieties will keep until January or February The flesh is soft rich and sweet
and with a slight apricot flavor The fruit should be eaten with a spoon
Some varieties are apt to overbear and should have the fruit thinned so soon
as set in April
Trees are propagated mainly by grafting upon the collar of the roots and upon
the native species Seedlings vary in size shape and quality but as the largest
proportion are male plants and those which are fruitful apt to produce small and
worthless fruit very little reliabiity can therefore be placed upon seedlings so
tar as yielding edible fruit
AmongRound flattened deeply ribbed dark orange red 3 inches by 2J aver
age weight 7 ounces although specimens weighing 16 ounces have been produced
very sweet and is edible while still solid maturity from end of September to
November nearly always seedless
CostataOblong and with blunt apex diameter 1 by 3 long average weight
5 ounces light orange yellow keeps very late and is not in eating condition until
November or December tree upright and rapid grower
HachiyaSynonyms Tomato Imperial etcUsually oblong and acute apex
2 by 3 inches long perfectly globular specimens are however quite as numerous
as the former keeps very late
HyakumeSynonyms Pound DaiDaiMuru Tanenashi Seedless etcLarge
globular deep orange red average 3 inches in diameter weight 8 to 16 ounces
keeps late nearly always seedless
KurokumeVery large round somewhat flattened 3 by 3 inches average
weight 10 ounces keeps late nearly always seedless
MazelliSynonym MiyotanRound or slightly oblong slightly ribbed orange
red average weight 5 ounces very prolific and of dwarf growth keeps late
OKameSynonyms Oblong Hyakume Mikado etcLarge 2J by 3J inches
oblong deep red nearly always seedless keeps late good grower
ZingiThe smallest of the list nearly globular average 2 inches pulp quite
dark very sweet and rich very productive matures during October growth
dwarf
KoTauruOblong and with a very sharp apex 2 inches by 3 long very pro
lific keeps late
194NEW SERIES
Circular No 98
fl REGULATI
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS
FOR THE
INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS
IK GEORGIA
Prescribed by J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture
FOR THE SEASON OF 18878
ATLANTA GEORGIA
Constitution Publishing Co
1887RULES AND REGULATIONS
SEASON OK 18878
New Series 1
Circular No 98
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta December 1 1887
The Commissioner prescribes the following Rules and Regulations for the
Inspection of Fertilizers for the season of 188788
I Every package of fertilizer r chemical for manufacturing the same or for
composting intended for sale or distribution within the State of Georgia shall
have the manufacturers guaranteed analysis placed upon or securely attached to
each package by the manufacturer If the fertilizer is in bags it shall be dis
tinctly branded stamped or printed upon each sack If in barrels it may be
either branded stamped or printed upon the head of each barrel or distincly
printed upon good paper and securely pasted upon the head of each barrel or
upon a shipping or other tag and securely attached to the head of each barrel In
every case it must he distinct This manufacturers guaranteed analysis shall show
the following determinations viz
Moisture at 212per cent
Insoluble Phosphoric Acidper cent
Available Phosphoric Acidper cent
Ammonia actual and potentialper cent
Potash K20per cent
If nitrogen in the form of nitrate is claimed the fact must be stated in the
Request for Inspection
II To facilitate the transaction of business any manufacturer dealer agent or
other person who procures the inspection of a fertilizer after it is inspected and
has the inspectors tag attached in compliance with law may proceed to make sales
thereof before the official analysis is completed Provided he gives a written obli
gation to cancel all sales in case the fertilizer is condemned by the Commissioner
The Commissioner has uniformly held that if the guaranteed analysis shall include such
of these five ingredients as the fertilizer or chemical is claimed to contain it will be a substan
tial compliance with the law and the Rules and Regulations Some judicial decisions seem
to indicate that this paragraph must be literally complied withthat the full list of ingredi
ents must appear in the Guaranteed Analysis even if one or more of them is not contained in
the goods As a matter of prudence it would be well for manufacturers to comply literally
with the law in this respect The Commissioner will not change his ruling on this point un
til constrained to do so by express judicial opinion or Legislative enactment
1294 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
of Agriculture This obligation is embraced in the Request for Inspection
which must also set forth the guaranteed analysis according to the form therein
prescribed and addressed to the proper Inspector The Request for Inspection
must be made out and signed in duplicate and one copy sent to the Commissioner
of Agriculture by the person requesting the inspectiou
III Inspectors shall not furnish any tag or device to be attached to any fertil
izer or permit it to be offered for sale or distribution unless the manufacturers
guaranteed analysis is plainly placed upon each parcel or package before offering
the same for sale or distribution claiming in the case of any Ammoniated Super
phosphate that it contains at least eight per cent of available Phosphoric Acid
and two per cent of Ammonia and of any Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone
that it contains at least ten per cent of available Phosphoric Acid Neither shall
any such tag or device be furnished or applied to any fertilizer that is in a damaged
or unmerchantable condition
IV Inspectors after collecting inspection fees and taking samples shall have
applied under their personal supervision when practicable Inspectors tags one
to each package ot fertilizer before the same is offered for sale or distribution
Inspectors tags will have printed upon each the words and figures Inspected
18878Georgia also a fac simile of the signature of the Commissioner of Agri
culture Whenever it is found to be impracticable for Inspectors to personally
supervise the application of tags they may be delivered to the order of the person
procuring the inspection In such cases Inspectors must avail themselves of all
practicable means to satisfy themselves that the tags so delivered have been prop
erly applied to goods that have been regularly inspected during the season indi
cated
Tags brought over from any previous season cannot be applied to new goods
nor can they be redeemed by this Department
V The Inspectors tag when attached or applied in compliance with law is a
recognition that the fertilizer to which it is attached has the consent of the Com
missioner of Agriculture to go to sale undr the conditions prescribed in Rules I
and II above recited
VI All inspections must be made within the limits of this State
All fertilizers manufactured in this State for sale or distribution in this State
must be inspected and tagged and the fees paid before leaving the mill or
factory
All fertilizers entering the State at Augusta or Savannah intended for sale and
shipped on through bills of lading to points in the interior must be inspected and
tagged before leaving said cities of Augusta and Sa van nah For the purpose of such
inspection and in accordance with an agreement made with the railroads leading
into the interior of the State from the said cities cars loaded with fertilizers
will be detained long enough to permit a thorough inspection and the application
of tags under the personal supervision of an inspector
VII The following appointments of inspectors have been made for the season
of 188788 The first named place following each name is the local office of such
130SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS 5
inspector The second named place will be the postoffice address and post of
duty during the active business season
LOCATION P O ADDRESS
O T RogersSavannahSavannah
1 W MurpheyColumbusSavannah
1 H PateBrunswickAugusta
Randolph Ridgeley WaynesboroAugusta
A P WoolleyKingstonAtlanta
W B JonesLa Grange Atlanta
Whenever it may become necessary to facilitate the business of inspecting ferti
lizers and transportation of the same the Inspector or Inspectors on duty at one
point may perform any official duty at any point in the State
Inspections can be made at other points in Georgia than those named above
when necessary but if in such cases the fertilizers shall have come into the State
at any port or station where there is an Inspector the necessary expenses of the
Inspector in going to make such inspections and returning to his published post of
duty must be paid by the parties procuring such inspections
VIII In all cases of inspections in bulk at the factory the manufacturer his
agent or the person shipping the fertilizer will be required to report to the Com
missioner of Agriculture on the first tenth and twentieth of each month the ship
ments of such fertilizer made during the previous period of ten days showing the
brand number of tons the name and address of consignee date of shipment
name of Inspector who inspected the bulk from which shipments were made and
the inspection number of the inspection covering said bulk The object of this
requirement is to enable the Inspector to subsequently inspect the same goods
wherever found
IX In all cases in making inspections samples must be taken by the Inspector
in person He must provide such samplers as will penetrate to the center of the
package and samples must be taken from a sufficient number to fairly represent
the wholenot less than onetenth of the package in lots of ten tons or over and
not less than onefifth of the packages in lots of less than ten tons
X Manufacturers and dealers in fertilizers before making each shipment ot fer
tilizers into Georgia for sale or distribution are required to notify the Commis
sioner of Agriculture directly and also the Inspector at the port or place where
the same is to enter the State in writing of such shipment giving the name of
the vessel or railroad on which shipped the name of each distinct brand and the
number of tons of each the number and kinds of packages and their weight the
name and place of the consignee and accompany this information by a request
for inspection in accordance with blank forms to be furnished by the Commis
sioner Let this notice be timely to both the Commissioner and the Inspector
It will facilitate business and result in advantage to those who give such timely
notice
XL As far as possible all fertilizers must be inspected at the port of entry or
place where they come into the State Inspectors are required to be vigilant and
see that none escapes Dealers in the interior of the State to whom fertilizers
1316 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
coming into the State at points where there arc no inspectors are consigned
must give timely notice to the Commissioner of Agriculture and to the Inspector
nearest the point where they enter the State and must be prepared to furnish the
Inspector with the necessary guaranty and give all required obligations and to
pay to him the inspection fee by the time the fertilizer arrives All persons in
Georgia who expect to deal in fertilizers or have fertilizers shipped to them
during the coming season for sale or distribution will please take due notice and
make all necessary arrangements to meet the requirements of law promptly
when the fertilizer reaches the State and thus save delay and embarrassment
The law must be enforced and parties interested will greatly oblige by taking
such timely steps as will insure its easy execution without annoyance to themselves
or others
XII An act To protect more effectually the planters of Georgia from impos
ition in the sale of fertilizers etc approved February 26th 1875 provides in sec
tion I That from and after the passage of this act it shall not be lawful to sell
or offer for sale any fertilizer manufactured in this State or to bring into the State
for sale and distribution any fertilizer manufactured beyond the limits of the State
unless before offering for sale or the sale or distribution of the same there
shall be an inspection and an analysis made of it etc Section III of the same
Act provides for the punishment according to section 4310 of the Code of 1882 of
any person selling fertilizers without inspection
An Act to render more efficient and economical the inspection and analysis of
fertilizers etc approved February 26th 1877 provides that Any manufacturer
dealer or other person offering any fertilizer or chemical for manufacturing the
same for sale or distribution in this State without having a brand tag or such
other device as the Commissioner of Agriculture may require showing the analy
sis thereof shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction of the same shall
be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Revised Code of 1873
Section VI of the above cited Act approved February 28 1874 requires the
Inspectors lo prosecute violators of thee laws
The law will be rigidly enforced and the Inspectors held to a strict performance
of their duties
XIII The season for inspecting fertilizers will be from October 1st to Septem
ber 30
XIV The method of analysis recommended by the recent Convention of Agri
cultural Chemists held at Washington D C on the 28th of July 1880 with such
modifications as were adopted by the Atlanta Convention of May 15 1884 and
subsequent conventions of the same Assoiciation will continue to be employed by
the Chemist of the Department in the analysis of all commercial fertilizers
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS OF FERTILIZERS
It is of the utmost importance to the planters and people of Georgiato yourself
and the Department of Agriculturethat your duties be well and faithfully per
formed You are placed as a sentinel to see that the interests of ihe farmers of
Georgia are wel guarded in their purchase of commercial fertilizers that they are
132SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS 7
protected from imposition in every purchase that they make and that the laws
defining your duties and the regulations of the Departmeut are rigidly executed
in every case You are in your official acts to render full justice to all parties
The strict execution of the law and full protection from imposition to all farmers
will not work injustice to any manufacturer or dealer
In the discharge of your duty in addition to the foregoing Rules and Regula
tions you are to be governed by the following special Instructions giving some
details which could not be well set forth elsewhere viz
1 Fertilizers purchased outside of the State by a consumer or farmer in Geor
gia for his own use and not for sale or distribution shall be permitted to pass with
out inspection if the purchaser desire it provided it is sent directly to said pur
chaser addressed or consigned to him personally and not directed to or passing
through the hands of a commission merchant or third party You must as far as
practicable report all such shipments to the Commissioner of Agriculture giving
the names of brands the names and places of consignees and the number of tons
and enter the same in your official record
2 You must not inspect any fertilizer till the person or firm desiring inspection
has
a Paid you in cash the inspection fee of 50 cents per ton for every ton to be
inspected For which you must sign anddeliver a printed receipt according to blanks
furnished you
b Placed the exact name in full of the fertilizer to be inspected and the guar
anteed analysis of the same upon each package
c Tendered you a Request for Inspection on the blanks furnished for that
purpose embracing an obligation to cancel and make null all sales which may be
made of said fertilizer before the official analysis thereof is made if after being
analyzed the Commissioner of Agriculture shall in pursuance of law prohibit its
sale The request must also contain the guaranteed analysis corresponding
to that placed upon the package
You must not inspect any fertilizer if the minimum per centage of any of the
valuable ingredients named in the guaranteed analysis is less than that required
by law viz 8 per cent of available phosphoric acid and 2 per cent of ammonia
in ammoniated superphosphaes or 10 per cent of available phosphoric acid in
acid phosphates or dissolved bones Natural guano and fertilizers that have not
been treated with sulphuric acid are not subject to this standard
3 You must require in each bulk inspection the names of each brand proposed
to be shipped from such bulk and in every case you must report the names of
brands and numbers with which the goods therein reported are identical in com
position
4 Immediately after taking samples of any brand of fertilizer in the manner
described in Rule IX of the Rules and Regulations they must be thoroughly mixed
but not triturated or ground in a mortar or otherwise When samples are for
warded to the Department for analysis they must be in the same mechanical con
dition in which they are offered for sale to the planters in the State After the
samples are thus thoroughly mixed you will from the mixture fill two glass bot
tles common quinine bottles securely seal them with wax stamp your official
seal upon the wax and then carefully and correctly label themone with a label
133DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
showing the inspection number name of the fertilizer inspected the place at for
whom inspected and the date of inspection and the other with a label showing
the number of inspection You must then deliver both in person to the Commis
sioner or carefully box and ship them to him by express
5 You are required to keep in a book a full and accurate record or minute of
every official act pertormed by you embracing in the record of each inspection the
number and date of inspection name of the fertilizer or chemical by whom and
where manufactured person resqusting and place to whom consigned and
where where inspected number of tons inspected amount of fees received
number of tags delivered how and when sample was forwarded the inspection
number of identical brands samples taken from same bulk and such other facts
as may be necessary to a complete history of the inspection
6 You are required to make a full and complete report on the first day of each
month of the work done during the previous month on blanks furnished you for
this purpose
Report promptly to the Commissioner any violation of law
The book of records or minutes is the property of the Department and must be
neatly and correctly kept It must be filed in the Department with your final
report made at the end of the fertilizer season
Blanks will be furnished you for making all your records entries and reports
and stationery for officicial correspondence
Inspectors tags will be supplied to you on your requisitions freight prepaid
and you must retain the cost of the same and all charges from fees received and
pay the amount to this office at the end of each month
The act of February 26 1877 requires you to pay over to the ComptrollerGen
eral on the first day of each month all moneys received for inspection fees during
the preceding month This must be done in whatever manner the Comptroller
General may prescribe and you must satisfy the Commissioner that this duty has
been performed before a salary certificate will be issued to you
You are specially required to guard against any misappropriation of Inspectors
tags or for any violation or evasion of the law or of any attempts to do so and
make full reports to the Department of Agriculture
You will be required to render a strict account of all tags issued to you and
held liable to the treasury for the amount of fees represented by any tags not
satisfactorily accounted for
Any information you may need will be given at any time Instructions will
be given promptly in any ease in which you may desire them or about which you
are in doubt
Inspectors will be held to a strict performance of all duties required of them by
the law and the rules regulations and instructions defining their duties No
neglect or irregularities in the discharge of their duties will be tolerated and
perfect sobriety at all times is strictly enjoined
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
134New Series
Circular No 99 j
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga Dec 20 1887
It has been found desirable and necessary to formulatate and publish
for the information of all concerned detailed directions for shipping
fertilizers into Georgia and procuring the inspection of the same in ac
cordance with law and the rules and regulations of this Department
The following explanatory directions are therefore prescribed and will
be observed
1 In case of shipments by railroad into the State at points other than
Augusta and Savannah or coming in by sea at Savannah no change has
been made in the details In such cases shippers a required to give notice
to the Commission of all shipments and send to him a duplicate of all
requests for inspection as heretofore
Shipments by Railroad into Georgia at Augusta and Savannah
2 The shiper or his agent at the point where the Cars are loaded
must accompany the shipping instructions to the forwarding agent with
a separate request for inspection for each ear load This request will
be attached to the freight bill of the car to which it refers The shipper
must also mail to the Commissioner at Atlanta Ga a consolidated re
quest for inspection covering the entire shipment and stating the
brands number of tons of each and destination
3 Cars must be so loaded as to permit access to every bag of fertili
zers without moving any This may be done in cars of small tonnage
capacity by placing the bags on eiid with the lugs up In cars of larger
capacity it may be done by placing the bags in tiers on each side the car
leaving an alley way in the middle the lug ends to the middle This is
an important detail and its observance will save time and labor to the
inspector and the taggers and extra expense to the shipper
4 On arrival at Augusta or Savannah the train conductor will deliver
the requests for inspection to the Agent appointed to receive them who
will at once notify the inspector at his post and deliver to him such
requests The cars containing fertilizers will be detained long enough
at Augusta or Savannah to permit the inspector to sample and attach tags
5 Shippers or the parties liable for the inspection fees must make
satisfactory arrangements with the inspector for the prompt payment of
the said fees either remitting by mail or authorizing the inspector to
draw sight drafts
C Shipments by sea through the ports of Charleston Port Royal or
other port outside this State and thence by railroad into Georgia should
conform to the same details as if the shipments originated at Charleston
Port Royal or other railroad point The shipper himself or his agent
must furnish the forwarding railroad agent with the requests for inspec
tion for each car etc
7 Manufacturers are earnestly enjoined to faithfully comply with
the Rules and Regulations as contained in Circular 98 and the foregoing
details Such compliance will save embarrassment delay and extra ex
pense in case cars loaded with fertilizers should pass through Augusta
or Savannah without inspection through no fault of the inspectorCircular No 100
New tieriest
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT
OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
E
OF GEORGIA
ZEOIES THE STEIEB 1887
SHOWING THE YIELD OF THE LEADING CROPS OP THE
STATE AS COMPARED TO THAT OF AN AVERAGE
CROP AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE AND
OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST RE
LATING TO THE AGRICUL
TURE OF GEORGIA
J T Henderson Commissioner
ATLANTA GA
CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE
1888Circular No 100
New Series
SDPPLEIEHTAIJEP0RT1887
SHOWING THE YIELD OF THE LEADING CROPS OF THE STATE
COMPARED TO THAT OF AN AVERAGE CROP THE
AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE AND OTHER MAT
TERS OF INTEREST RELATING TO THE
AGRICULTURE OF GEORGIA
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEC 15 1887
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Georgia January 2 1888
COTTON
The total yield compared with an average total yield as indicated by the
reports of correspondents is as follows North Georgia 93 Middle Georgia
81 Southwest Georgia 85 East Georgia 84 Southeast Georgia 106 Making
allowance for the difference in the relative proportions of the aggregate crop
that are grown in the several sections the total yield of the entire State was
about 84 per cent ot an average crop or about five per cent greater than the
total yield of of 18867 This would give an aggregate of about 875000 bales
of 450 pounds each as the total yield in the State
CORN
In 1886 the largest corn growing sectionNorth Georgiaproduced much
the lowest yield compared with an average The present year almost the
reverse is the result North Georgia reports as compared with an average a
total yield of 91 Middle Georgia 88 Southwest Georgia 99 East Georgia
96 and Southeast Georgia 99 The yield in Middle Georgia was very mate
rially reduced by the remarkable rain storms and overflows during the last
days of July and the first days of August which resulted in the almost total
destruction of lowland creek and river bottoms Making allowance for dif
ferences in relative average total yields in the several sections as in the case
of cotton the total yield of corn in the State appears to have ben about 94
compared with an average or ibout 13 per cent greater than the total yield
of last year This would give as the total crop of the State about 30000000
bushels
WHEAT
The total yield of wheat for the State according to the July Crop Report of
139DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
100 average yield of
There are unmistakable indications of a revival
this Department was 87 compared with an average total yield indicating an
aggregate production in the State of about 2250000 bushels The acreage
sown to wheat last fall has slightly decreased as compared with the previous
crop being 93 as compared with the acreage sown in 1886
OATS
For several years the yield of this crop has fallen much below the average
The total yield the past year was about 75 per cent of an average or 5 per
cent more than the total of 188586 In the different sections the total yield
was as follows North Georgia 85 Middle Georgia 58 Southwest Georgia
76 East Georgia 70 Southeast Georgia 85 for the State 75 The yield in
bushels per acre for the respective sections in the order above named was
170 107 98 128 102 and for the whole State 121 bushels per acre The
acreage sown in oats last fall is 77 compared with the preceding fall a reduc
tion of 23 per cent The reduction is greatest in North Georgia and is due to
the discouraging effect of the disastrous freezes of January which were pecu
liarly destructive in this section
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
Sugar CaneTotal yield of the State compared with an average is 86
average yield of syrup per acre 178 gallons
SorghumTotal yield compared with anaverage
syrup per acre 75 gallons
of interest in this crop
RiceTotal yield compared with an average 84 average yield of rough
rice per acre 21 bushels
Sweet PotatoesTotal yield compared with an average 76 average
yield per acre 86 bushels
Field PeasTotal yield compared with an average 81 average yield per
acre 9 bushels
PeanutsTotal yield compared with an average 84 average yield per
acre 30 bushels
TobaccoTotal yield compared with an average 89 average yield per
acre 604 pounds
MARKET PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS DECEMBER 1
The following were the average market prices December 1 of the crops
named for the State Cotton 9 cents per pound corn 66 cents wheat 125
oats 58 cents rough rice 90 cents and sweet potatoes 46 cents per bushel
sugar cane syrup 44 cents and sorghum syrup 31 cents per gallon hay
1420 per ton
STOCK AND PORK
The number of stock hogs in the State compared with the number Decem
ber 1 1886 is 98 and the amount of home raised pork compared to last year
is 94 being about 60 per cent of a full supply There is no falling oft in the
number of stock hogs in Southwest and East Georgia and the indications poii t
to increased interest and effort being made in these two sections of the State in
stockgrowing generally excepting sheephusbandry which is everywhere
languishing The total number of sheep in the State is only 88 as compared
with last year Hog cholera is reported as having prevailed to 11 greater or
less extent in many counties of the State but this dread scourge seems to be
on a periodical wane Other kinds of stock have been unusually free from
epidemics and other diseases
140SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
CONDITION OF FARMERS
The reports show a gratifying decrease in the amount of farm supplies pur
chased by farmers as compared with last year the total being 85 The amount
of indebtedness of farmers is also less than it was last year by 15 per cent The
general condition of farmers however is 98 a compared with last year This is
chiefly owing to the disastrous seasons in Middle Georgia the largest and
most populous section of the State North Georgia shows a considerable
improvement 107 in condition Southwest Georgia is about the same 100
East Geargia an improvement 104 and Southeast Georgia a falling oft 92
It is remarkable however that the farmers in Southeast Georgia and through
out the wiregrass portion of the State generally have for years past been in
better condition than those of the remainder of the State
CASH AND CREDIT
The reports show the farmers throughout the State who have been compelled
to purchase bacon and corn have paid the following prices Bacon average
cash price 89 cents average time price payable November 1st 116 cents
Corn average cash price 72 cents average time price payable November 1st
98 Assuming the average time of indulgence at four months it appears that
farmers have been required to pay 30 per cent advance on cash prices ir bacon
for the four months time which is equivalent to 90 per cent per annihn or 7J
per cent per month The percentage paid on time purchases of corn was even
higher amounting to 36 per cent for four months which is 108 per cent per
annum or 9 per cent a month
It would seem that the merchant exhibits a little more confidence or con
science in the farmer who buys bacon than in him who buys corn These
statistics have been gathered and these calculations have been made and pub
lished for more than ten years past and yet in the face of such figures thou
sands of farmers continue to pay these excessive prices It is not altogether
the merchants fault that such prices are demanded In many instances the
farmer could make arrangements to pay cash if he would The risk on such
sales is exceptionally hazardous and the seller must charge such a percentage
on time sales as will save him from loss at the hands of those who fail to pay
or pay at the end of expensive litigation
The true policj of farmers is 1 to produce their own supplies of corn and
bacon or their equivalent and failing in this 2 they should either borrow
the money with which to pay cash or make the merchant absolutely secure
and demand living rates of credit
See on page 24 an article on Homemade Fertilizers and Composts
EXPERIMENTS WITH SEEDS
The reports of the results of experimental tests of farm and garden seeds
distributed by this Department which appear in this circular are unusually
full and interesting The Spanish peanut and Kaffir corn have received an
almost unanimous verdict ot approval from all parts of the State The Spanish
peanut is not a new plant with a strange and heretofore unknown product but
is simply a newly introduced variety of an old and well known plant and the
product or fruit is familiar in its uses Farmers therefore are able to form a
reliable judgment at once upon its merits Among the many new varieties and
occasional new species and sometime entirely new plants the seeds of which
have been distributed by this Department none has given more satisfaction to
farmers than this peanut The reports show a degree of enthusiasm in their
approval which is gratifying This particular variety matures its crop so
quickly and is adapted to such a wide range of soils that it can hardly fail
to greatly aid in solving the problem of porkraising in Georgia The area
devoted to its culture next year will doubtless be greatly extended
141TABLE No IConsolidation of Supplemental Crop Report for 1887
NORTH GEORGIA
Total Product comprc wifh an average Average Yield per Acre Average Price December 1 1887 Miscellaneous
COUNTIES a c o o a u o o o S j d l i c c o 62 y 43 ft X Ml 3 a Q o ft 0 ft s o o 3 1 fcOl a u O O 3 U V ft C a a 3 a ft v o 5 c il Vt 5 35 i 2 r ft o 5 S a OS x If 3 p 33 P CD a a o3 O a If 3 c 3 Z 53 3 j O g GO S 6 01 2 3 w it z j fi 3 S V 0 s ft 3 V x 5 ft5 a z fi i 3 gw c S v sfft i 3 43 b Si ft5 I1 O c fee 5 3 J 3 5tH
atoosfl Clint tooco 300 87 87 82 95 90 80 60 100 105 S7 95 100 100 31 125 25 22 21 20 15 21 21 17 15 25 25 0 5 02 0 2 02 116 S 5 S7 llll 9 5 70 4o 50 52 111 50 55 53 05 S5 Ml 02 85 00 70 00 87 100 31 11 50 35 30 17 40 o ill 100 00 105 101 SO 20 55 00 50 100 75 97 82 05 100 III 120 60 100 00 102 SO 05 110 S3 115 01 60 7 Ml 75 no 40 65 100 Kill 87 110 105 115 07 125 52 95 87 oo 65 00 05 115 110 1113 107 125 100 101 so ioo GO 87 03 S7 SO 00 70 100 00 1115 110 0311 850 110 110 050 000 110 13 2 122 1011 iso 112 11 0 70 57 70 68 62 60 60 62 10 80 05 87
Cobb 1001 110 90 110 lull 135 100 SO
Dade
Dawson
Fannin so
Flovd Frank I in 90 110 87 100 in 83 110 85 80 92 95 75 71 95 115 75 75 70 75 30 27 3 0 31 30 i 5 30 30 17 10 10 17 17 10 18 17 15 10
ii 0 5 0 1 96 90 94 12 9 5 70 50 50 07 01 70 55 73 ioo 88 SI 00 100 87 10 100 so III 13 45 40 15 40 57 ioo 98 107 85 SO 110 so 00 63 80 50 50 20 00 100 75 100 02 80 100 100 120 00 87 OS 100 02 100 105 125 100 43 90 75 50 30 80 90 100 00 95 91 90 101 70 100 87 03 97 111 85 110 105 110 105 83 100 Ml 95 Ml 87 75 83 97 iiri 110 100 s3n iiV TO 50 01 65 75 00 70 711 95
880 11 0 900 107 75
Gwlnnett 100 Kill 110 90 00 00 100 0 80 100
Hubcrshani 100
Hall 050 100 900 125 120 110
90 100


100 75 30 6 90 70 00 50 100 100 100 75 110 75 100 75 800 110 05 90

Murray 95 SO 110 SO 32 30 10 12 92 17 47 00 77 100 311 10 103 100 GO 50 95 100 112 110 S3 95 105 100 83 00 100 soo 145 11 0 55 05 75 90
105 100
w
w
H
w
C

Q
Q
d
tr
H
a
I
c
w
c HO 100 125 110 113 30 27 20 26 20 10 90 96 50 50 45 50 75 90 100 90 30 15 13 40 110 75 105 90 50 50 50 115 110 11 100 120 125 137 110 50 75 87 100 100 100 93 100 120 140 SO 100 50 60 125 75 120 100 120 100 50 105 125 800 125 125 150 110 155 75 60 88 ib 110
Polk 90
113
100

102 fob 95 iob 20 2o 22 26 9 6 96 46 50 74 so 33 35 95 80 30 56 101 75 95 115 75 99 110 50 69 86 ioo 93 107 ioo 107 87 SO 85 111 ioo 88 85 900 iM 9 50 110 g5 115 11 60 65 6b
White Whitfleld 75
93 H 2 7 16 9 3 50 n 8i
Baldwin
Bibb
Butts
Campbell
Carroll
Clark
Clayton
Columbia
loweta
DcKalb
Douglas
Elbert
Jt Fayette
Fulton
Greene
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
Irwirr
Lincoln
MeDuffle
Meriwether
Monroe
Morgan
Newton
Oconce
Oglethorpe
Pike
Rockdale
Spalding
Talliaferro
Taibot
Troup
Upson
MIDDLE GEORGIA
0 11 3
72 100 90 83 70 92 92 25
78 113 10 93 833 105 73
93
d
tr1
H
K
t1
W
d
C
S3
85
si
80
75
70
85
IH7
80
100
2
ill
90
100
65
70
90
90
90
SI I
120 100
103 100
20
37
50 50
87 30
90 60
100
100 55 25
97 88 1H7
90 60 100
10 110
95 100 1110
si
80
7S
87
80
95
100
67
89
95
92
75
81
110
100
75
100
87
85 36
110 101
107 38
111
I12
115
100
90
30
50
2
48
1 11
i 0
50 100
70 110
lull 100
800
850
8W
900
1050
900
850
sbo
00
110
iio
115
115
110
112
11111
00
97
817 107
S00 100
879 11 11
s00 110
866 106
850 1011
350 LOO
S00 95
800 100
833100
Sireiio
925107
800110
925 11 0
900 100
800 100
S25 10 0
892 9
750 10 0
900 li
70
80
85
s
85
85
85
87
100
82
SI I
85
93
90
93
100
100
1117
100
85
75
92
90
90
85
100
87
88
100
95TABLE No IContinued
MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued
Total Product comprd with an anr age Average Yield per Acre Average Price December I 1887 Miscellaneous
COUNTIES o o z c ft 8 o 03 i s c c 9 6 s o O o ft CO d 0 d 3 p o ft d o O o 13 2 0 ft d o o 7j X GO X d M 55 a Ih 0 ft I oi O a s O ft 5 a c R i C s ll DO Si ll 0 5 u C 2 E S y SB ftp CO a a u v a c3 x p a c z A u a 5 2 p b E c 3 is 11 T 03 a ft rz 5 OS 03C of o 013 5 5P c 3 OSS 03 0 a b S3 c K 0 c H tag 9J ll 1 n C g c 5S p j d Si 3
Warren 90 71 82 17 29 16 9 0 91 91 75 63 100 83 60 62 62 101 103 100 111 100 113 37 65 75 03 100 100 KM 88 97 97 100 75 787 817 105 108 70 66 92
Wilkes
99 95 38 89 99 98 10 5 70
s 88 36 97 91 68 107 59 88 72 89 92 823 90
80UTHWEST GEARGIA
84 98 101 95 43 20 1070 1200 89 912 17 80 88 7o 60 100 92 100 80 100 50 75 93 100 105 105 82 95 100 100 80 100 960 900 125 120 70 90 95 100

90 100 35 1000 90 50 75 100 100 15 65 105 85 100 85 850 102 60 90


10Ml 80 ro 7 100 110 90 95 AS ioO 100 30 5V6 40 32 20 1201 soo 800 soo lUK 1500 92 9O 85 90 85 87 60 50 111 65 60 75 101 11 56 60 65 55 00 ioo 85 75 IOO 110 110 75 100 80 ioo 100 98 ioo 00 125 ioo 105 85 ioo 100 50 65 110 33 SO 75 100 95 100 95 100 120 iio 100 121 ioo 110 80 90 100 50 75 90 110 ioo 95 100 ioo 110 100 96 95 80 75 80 100 sOll 850 850 800 100 120 180 115 105 100 125 80 75 75 70 Si 80 100 100 125 100 86 100
Crawford Decatur nooiv Early

95 85 110 100 10 40 1250 800 91 00 70 65 110 50 75 125 ioo 100 110 110 110 75 50 75 100 75 125 100 100 75 100 800 825 100 120 70 75 90 100


w

s
a
H
C

Q
W
11
O
d
t1
d
to
si
o 60 70 Kill 80 85 100 100 115 100 90 95 50 25 37 40 40 37 1000 800 900 1000 900 1000 90 82 85 92 93 90 50 60 70 711 CO 55 125 125 65 75 50 60 60 70 100 100 90 80 50 100 80 110 60 150 100 100 100 115 102 125 100 75 75 65 90 75 100 75 125 75 85 100 100 100 so Kill 92 80 75 90 100 60 85 800 11n 900 800 8511 950 110 120 12 5 100 115 120
Miller 100 40 100 LOO 75 75 95 100 70 to 70 65 100 90 100 105
Mitchell

no no 25 07 100

Schley



SO 87 80 75 105 95 100 95 100 85 30 30 10 27 950 933 800 1200 950 87 86 90 87 87 67 47 50 75 72 105 55 50 60 50 02 95 07 100 80 88 92 75 75 110 99 100 75 100 75 115 100 82 53 60 75 85 63 07 75 90 60 85 85 95 95 95 80 117 100 65 80 105 120 50 86 115 100 102 150 135 mi 80 75 98 100 67 85 800 910 900 800 850 879 127 123 115 110 125 115 70 75 75 77 73 100

Webster
Wilcox Worth 100 125
85 99 37 1000 89 62 119 60 99 100
Bulloch
Burke
Dodge
Emanuel
llascoek
in Jefferson
Johnson
Laurens
Montgomery
Pulaski
Richmond
Screven
Tatnall
Telair
Twiggs
Washington
Wilkinson
Average
EAST GEORGIA
100
86
85
96
90
78
80
110
100
100
90
91
100
100
100
100
105
75
lib
100
90
SO
3 6
0
32
1 0
30
2
3 5
3 5
30
sb
42
30
3
15
10
8
73
10
10
15
8
7
8

125
83
10
96 3 6 98 8 9
8 5
9
9 2
9
85
90
9 0
9 6
8
8
92
8 2
60
116
150
107
100
0 108
94 98 89 100 68
84 104
88
80
850
80
800
105 1
100 87
75 100
90 750
95 800
90 05
LOO
71 916
800
125
125
LOO
89
120
130
125
102
L50
12 0
120
100
870 118
115
100
85
125
100
105
100
no
iob
108
100
90
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Clinch Coffee 100 206 95 95 lib 103 50 30 30 10 To 12 90 75 75 88 60 75 75 100 26 78 100 90 105 lib 100 50 iob 93 100 75 100 100 iob 106 100 75 97 105 iob 101 100 75 88 9O 105 120 125 7
75 S75 100
100

G
tr1
fef
El
OTABLE No IContinued
SOUTHEAST GEORGIAContinued
Total Product comprd with an average Average Yield per Acre Average Price December l 1887 A7fMKOs
COUNTIES 6 o o o d u o o u a o 2 s k O 3 6 6 3 ft 3 3 3 C rO u p P o ft 3 ft o o u 5 a o u 3 ju 3 9 IX O si 3 so 3 ag a p p i cc 3 a o Su o 03 53 aj o o E 3 c 0 7 a 0 a t CO dOT X 5 o 3 5 5 3 S3 Em is is g pS o k a 3 K 1 33 3 i 3 5 ft 50 a on g t o g b to to ftJd 32 So e5 s c v M 3 2 p K a t 3 S c 1 o O 3 i ftt p w x J i ftp S3 g 5 g z
90 90 76 80 100 no 25 1 0 1 0 8 8 13 68 80 60 100 90 75 78 50 75 90 511 100 7 75 65 100 10 80 110 00 110 90 10 60 105 80 110 J30 125 130 70 75 80
Glynn Liberty 82 75 60 90 80 90 75 100 100
Mclntosh
97 180 101 100 2 5 11 102 8 7 70 75 74 65 16 68 83 103 105 67 100 105 70 96 85 916 126 76 105
Wayne 7 93 98 73 92 77 72 126 77
11 99 34 101 936 96
SECTIONS
North Georgia
Middle Geergia
Southwest Georgia
East Jrnri
Southeast Georgia
Average for the State
RECAPITULATION
o

Si
C

pa
Q
a
S3
c
Ed
Q
93 91 2 7 1600 9 31 56 095 40 93 56 95 99 69 98 107 85 101 85 950 11 5 05
81 88 3 6 9 72 915 68 1 7 59 88 72 99 95 38 89 89 92 99 9 823 105 711
85 99 i 1000 j 62 1 li 60 99 88 i 101 63 85 100 80 101 85 867 11 J 7
SI 3 980 H 90 70 1 08 64 1 98 89 100 OS M 104 87 103 87 s07 11 8 o
106 99 3 1 1020 8 75 71 66 1 25 68 58 7 77 93 94 98 98 73 62 88 88 92 98 85 KM 101 72 85 936 889 126 11 6 72
90 95 1112 900
86
Oil
100
100
95SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 il
REPORTS ON SEEDS TESTED REMARKS OF CORRES
PONDENTS ETC
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksThe Spanish peanut has been a success also the Peterkin cotton
which is fully 40 per cent of lint William M Ash
BahtowHawkins cotton a failure Jones cottonfine yield but seed
rather large Bearing Small Seed cotton seed small lint good fine yield
Spanish peanut a splendid variety Dent corn good and very early Kaffir corn
splendid for chickens
CatoosaThe farmers are in easier circumstances than they have been
since the war By diversifying their crops raising stock trading and living
within their means it is a rre thing to hear of a farmer that wants to borrow
money Chattanooga Tenn being a manufacturing and mining city gives
North Georgia a home market tor everything the farmers can raise This
with cotton as a money crop and raising our own supplies explains it all
Let North Georoia develop her minerals etc and the country will prosper
J B Henderson
Catoosa anil Viker counties are much improved in finances The people
at large are almost o it jf debt A I Lekt
ChattoogaSpanish peanuts did well as well as all other seed received
W P Tapp
CherokeeThe Spanish peanut and melon seed did well M S Paden
Don t think Kaffir corn will pay except for poultry Stalks too coarse for
forage unless sown broadcast Common Sorghum excells it E M Messler
CobbSpanish peanuts done well they are very prolific Kaffir very
good Jumbo watermelon very fine Kolb Gem not so good Peerless cucum
ber very prolific Turnip seed very fine Joness cotton seed three weeks
earlier than the Bob cotton Jos Martin
Several members of Mars Hill Club Acworth report satisfactory results
for Spanish peanuts yield good on poor land and Joness Eureka cotton
A S Orb Secretary
Dade1 have grown Texas millett on about J of an acre this year The
yield was enormous Milch cows and mules cannot get better early forage I
shall plant extensively next year for early green forage Can cut it on good
land three or four times G W Stewart
FranklinThe watermelon seed sent me were as fine as I ever saw and
the Spanish peanuts were good 1 dont think I ever saw anything equal to
the Eureka cotton J B D McWhorter
14712
DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Spanish peanuts yielded finely easy to cultivate and easy to gather best
way to gather Run a plow furrow on each side pull up the vines very few
will remain in the ground and put them in barn pick oft the peas at odd
times and feed vines to stock Kaffir corngood forage The Flour corn
excels anything I ever saw for forage as well as makes good yield of grain
J R Sewbll
Gilmer Very little cotton is raised in the county farmers are improving
their stock very little in debt with a years provisions ahead the outlook is
good for the county apples have rotted worse than common some insect is
injuring the trees all over the county would be glad fur any suggestions
N h OSBORN
Gordon
success
Spanish peanuts a success Millo Maize too
late Kaffir corn a
Aaron Roff
Small ExperimentsI planted J acre in Spanish ground peas yield
8 bushels about the same in Kaffir corn2 bushels seed I planted some
Spanish tobacco but failed through ravage of insects a small plat of
Millo Maize which was very satisfactory for forage though rather late to
mature seed in this section it is as near droughtproof as any other annual
planted a small patch of treebeans which I consider a profitable crop when
the fall is favorable for gathering so as to be saved in good order most excel
lent table beans for winter use The above trials were all made on thin land
without any fertilizers N B Hall
Spanish peanuts are a success more for early maturity in North Georgia
Kaffir corn will yield more grain than any cereal and on a small scale has been
tried for bread and is a good substitute for coarse flour O H Davis
GwixnettThe seeds distributed by the Department have given general
satisfaction Kaffir corn gave satisfaction Beats Millo Maize in this climate
common sorghum cane better than either J M Pool
Owing to destruction of the corn crop by the floods amounting to at least
120000 bushels in the county and the loss of pork hogs the farmers are in a
worse condition than I have ever known them Generally they are paying up
preliminary to making a crop in 1888 with supplies from the West to a larger
extent than usual J T Baxter
HallThe Spanish peanuts 4 lbs sent us from your department were
planted 18th April harvested September 8th yield 274 lbs or 10 940 bushels
of good sound nuts Cost of cultivation 300 Soil loamy deposits 40 per
cent sand by mechanical washing A 1 for fattening hogs The cotton seed
from your department as follows Jones Eureka 6 lbs of seed planted
yielded 313 lbs in the seed Dearings small seed 3 lbs of seed planted yielded
123 lbs in the seed Hawkins 3 lbs of seed planted yielded 118 lbs in the
seed These varieties grown on same kind of soil and the fertilizer used the
same in kind and quantity Each variety nearly thirded itself The cotton
crop this year in our section has exceeded the most sanguine expectations The
148SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
Missouri yellow dent 1J lbs from your department and the Cuban J lb
gave us no satisfaction We gave tbem the same cultivation and care as our
common variety of corn It is true the excessive rains somewhat injured the
corn crop but the length of cob whiteness of grain and the weight of the
ear commonly grown in this section cannot be improved by the introduction
of these foreign kinds The Kaffir corn 3 lbs we had no opportunity to
plant We reserve it for next year A G Jennings Sons
The cotton seed did no better than common kinds hero The Spanish
peanuts very fine each package 1 lb of seed made nearly two bushels
Kaffir corn verv good and the flour makes a fine flavored bread
W E Wallis
JacksonEureka cotton fruited well with large bolls Spanish peanuts
yield wellno empty hulls all filled withpeas The Kolb Gem watermelon
very good large and sweet Kaffir corna good soiling crop yields a good
crop of seeds which ripens in July and then puts forth new shoots and con
tinues to grow until frost Missouri Dent a good early corn making a large
ear for early corn Mammoth Cuban about the same in earliness and quality
Jefferson Jennings
Missouri early pro
G M D Moon
Spanish peanuts are the very thing for this section
lific is the earliest I have tried and will suit as well
MurrayCuban corn did well Dent corn poor Kaffir corn did not
mature Spanish peanuts good D Jackson
As is very common some cheat has been found in the wheat rye and oat
crops this year as to the cause there is much differences in opinion some farm
ers are very positive that cheat is produced from each of the three wheat rye
and oats others contend that like produces like and that whatsoever a man
soweth that shall he also reap If such change does take place is there no
preventive or remedy The facts can be ascertained and all may avail them
selves of the remedy Perhaps well prepared soil and pure seed would do much
the farmers should test the facts so that one opinion prevail
H Heartsell
The idea that wheat oats or other cereal grain changes into chess or cheat
is certainly an error Chess is a distinct species and genus from our cultivated
grainsCommissioner
PauldingSpanish peanuts proves good Thirty bushels on ordinary land
with three hundred lbs compost per acre Kaffir corn twenty bushels per acre
makes a good dark lively bread and a good paying crop would not be with
out it P P McBrayer
PickensFarmers are paying their debts better than usual Labor is high
common farm hands from 80 cents tol per day The country is in good con
ditionlargely owing to the marble works which give employment and good
wages to all who will work L J Allrkd
14914
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PolkYou will notice my general report is good especially the conditions
of fanners This is due to several reasons 1st Economy 2d Great care in
the seection of seed especially cotton seed 3d Closer application to work
4th The splendid fall for gathering We must thank your Department for the
great improvement in seed Peterkin Jones Eureka Hawkinsand Peerless
are all very fine All will make a bale of 500 pounds from 1400 pounds seed
cotton Peterkin will make 500 pounds lint from 1850 pounds dry seed cot
ton Will be able to plant my entire crop from these improved varieties
Jno O Waddell
RalsunThe Spanish peanuts do well here I would like to have more of
them if seed is good Tobacco did not do well and plants were too late You
cannot get a good cure on late tobacco To succeed you must make the
tobacco in the patch and be sure it is well ripe before cutting The Kaffir
corn 1 think will be a success I planted the package that you sent me and
raised half a stand about two bushels and sent half a bushel to a mill making
fifteen pounds of Hour It is the best substitute for wheat flour I ever saw
Some of my neighbors who have tried it say it would be hard to detect in the
dark from wheat flour and is about as dark as rye F A Bleckley
The seeds sent were of no account except beets and Kaffir corn The
latter I planted on different grades of land It grew and produced good heads
on land that would not have produced a barrel of corn per acre I should
judge it will produce double as much grain as corn on the same land
Edward Sitton
TownsHogs are all fat enough for pork from feeding on forest mast
J N Gibson
WalkerI find sweet corn sent out by you a most valuable crop to raise
For the table it is much better than the common varieties Planting very
thick on fertilized land yields an immense amount of forage which is relished
by all stock I find nothing better for keeping up the flow of milk during the
latter part of summer and in early autumn I feed both stalk and ear tomilk
cattle For constant use several plantings should be made from the middle of
April to the middle of July j A Clements
The Spanish peanut deserves all the praise that has been bestowed by other
correspondents A hundred pounds of kainit spread broadcast over clover
produces results equal if not superior to the same amount of superphosphate
used in the same way of which 1 reported so favorably a few years ago
J J Broylks M D
Kaffir corn on old upland lightly manured yielded not less than twenty
five bushels of grain per acre On rich land it did not do so wellsuckered
t0 much J T Wood
Kaffir corn did well I think it good for sheep The Spanish peanuts
did well also Peterkin cotton is too late for this county F M Young
150SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
15
Hawkinss Dearing small seed and Joness Eureka cotton did no better
if as well than common cotton Kaffir corn Hollis melon and Spanish pea
nuts arc good Cuban and Yellow Dent corn almost worthless
J T Kilpatrick Secretary
WhitfiBLDHohis melon fine Missouri Dent corn very prolific for an
early corn Kaffir corn and Cuban corn not so good The Dearing cotton
very fruitful and tine staple but rather late finest crop year in a long time
R F Dantzler Secretary
Seeds sent all did well especially Spanish peanuts I made 3 bushels
from the little package 1 pound you sent me and the vines make a splendid
forage I had some red peanuts planted but they did not do nearly so well
The Kaffir corn did well can it be ground and used for bread Yes See
other reportsCommissioner
Dearing cotton bolls small moderately prolific matures early Hawkins
cottonvery much mixed forms numerous but many dried up without mak
ing bolls Jones Eureka cotton medium bolls later than either not very
prolific Cuban corn will do for early roasting ears but unfit for field crop
Yellow Dent is larger and later medium ears firm heavy corn Kaffir corn
matures in three to tour months good for stock and poultry I planted from
2 packages the crops varied a month in date of maturity Are there more
than one kind Spanish peanuts give satisfaction A B Johnson
MIDDLE GEORGIA
I never have made an entire failure in oats
The first rain after
Baldwin l new
I cutmy oats I plant peas There are three ways to plant them and I hardly
know which is the cheapest It is the fastest way that I know of to bring up poor
land and I sometimes get a good stand of volunteer oats By this plan the
land grows better every year and you get two crops per annum and if followed
in cotton will beat any amount of guano per acre H C Vinson
ButtsCorrespondents do not give names of varieties of seed tested
CampbellSpanish peanuts are a grand success second only to corn and
cotton H N Cochran
ClarkeKolb Gem melon has given good satisfaction as a market melon
Jones Jumbo tor sweetness tor redness of flesh and delicacy offlavor stands
unrivalled but not large enough for market Spanish peanuts remarkably pro
lific and early but too small Yellow Millo Maize gives entire satisfaction
The Flour corn which is extensively planted in this section is a fraud except
R T PlTTARD
for torage
ClaytonKaflnr corn is a splendid forage corn grows finely on poor land
Will plant it more extensively next year The Spanish peanut is a good varie
ty It ripens early yields well and is easy gathered W P Jones
Kaflnr corn is a good thing Spanish peanuts are fine two crops can be
made on the same land the same year C J Stanfield
15116
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The Spanish peanuts are the best I ever planted The Hawkins cotton
seed sent me give good satisfaction also Jones Eureka Jonesjumbo water
melons and also Hollis improved rotted before ripening Cuban corn did not
do well Missouri yellow dent did much better A P Adamson
Joness Jumbo is much the better melon and is ten days earlier ihan
the Kolb Gem besides being larger The yield of Spanish peanuts was
enormous I gathered two and a half bushels from the little package 1
quart of seed sent me Little trouble to cultivate The tops good forage
Kaffir corn did not do well got very lousy during the wet weather and grew
very little afterwards No merit in Missouri Dent corn except earliness
Albert Johnson
ColtjmbiaThe Kaffir corn was planted while planting cotton which was
later than it should have been and worked alike left it about 8 inches in drill
with two or three stalks to the hill it averaged at least 50 bushels per acre
allowing 50 lbs to the bushel Am confident that it would make 75 bushels
per acre by planting in March in good new ground fresh land and working
it rapidly The fodder is better for stock than the common fodder Stock
and fowl eats the grain greedily B Cliftt
If the Department had done nothing more than to distribute seed of
Millo Maize and Spanish peanuts it were a great blessing to the farmers of
Georgia Some rank the former next to oats and report the yield of Spanish
peanuts as wonderful J A W
Coweta Why is it that our farms are not selfsupporting Can we not
make our own meat and bread Let us look to ourselvessee that we are
right and turn away from those who are sapping the very foundations of our
homes our lives and our libertiesthe gamblers who set the price on our
cotton before we make it and the usurer who by oppression fills his coffers bjr
the sweat of the honest laborer Can we not lift these burdens that have
been borne so long and with so much patience Let us no longer countenance
usury and whisky venders Make our own supplies at home and we then
may look for peace and prosperity at home Wn A Smith
ElbertThe low heavy headed variety of Kaffir ripened about three
weeks earlier than the tall variety and succors shoot out beginning at top as
the principal head ripens I have saved the whole stalks thinking the suc
cors with their seed will bo valuable for forage I obtained the seed of this
variety in the county and that of the tall single head variety from your
department Syrup of the Kaffir stalks is quite unpalatable The corn is
eaten greedily by all stock The opinion prevails that red top sorghum seed
are nearly as valuable as grain or the Kaffir seed while the stalk is very val
uable for syrup If farmer can manufacture sugar from sorghum at home by
comparatively inexpensive aparatus it would almost solve the problem Sev
eral practical farmers here are using the Amber sorghum as their principal
forage crop B C Smith
The tall singleheaded variety alluded to is not Kaffir but is probably
152SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
17
Millo Maize Kaffir is not a sugar caneis not recommended for syrup mak
ingCommissioner
I am very much pleased with the Spanish peanuts I do not like Millo
Maize when I can get Kaffir corn I believe the Kaffir corn will take the
place of the Indian corn to a very great extent as all kind of stock like it
best So soon as our farmers learn the value of Kaffir corn then the North
west will have to rind another market for their corn B H Heard
DeKalbI think the Spanish peanuts are one of the greatest blessings of
the farmer They will make as much or more food than corn and with half
the labor Tobacco does very well and there is more money in it than cotton
Kaffir corn is a good thing as it makes an immense quantity of feed and a
good bread W H Carter
With Kaffir corn Spanish peanuts and sorghum sweet potatoes and field
peas there is no reason why the Georgia farmer cannot raise pork as cheaply
as in any portion of the United States I had twentyfive hogs driven up a
few weeks ago that will average 200 pounds each and if they ever cost me a
dollar a head I never knew it or felt the expense The crops named and Ber
muda grass are at home in the South will bear great neglect stand long
drouths and will revive with the visitation of rains and give a generous return
T J Flake
GreenThe Peterkin cotton is a good varietya longlived and vigorous
grower and requires planting early The Spanish peanut is the very best
variety we have The jumbo watermelon is good but not as good as the rat
tlesnake or Kilpatrick Kalbs Gem is the hardiest and most vigorous grower
Kaffir corn does well so do African millet and millo maize
Aug N Asbury
I am pleased with the partial test of the Spanish peanut It will prove
very valuable in this section James M Griffin M J
HancockSpanish peanuts are a success Tobacco does well but few
plant it Have none of Kaffir corn Millo maize is valuable
I have never seen anything that surpasses the Spanish peanut for prolific
ness and ease of harvesting and shall abandon all other varieties in future
can make two crops in this climate in one year J W Curothen
HarrisI planted 370 hills of Spanish peanuts on poor grey land with a
sprinkl of about three bushels of phosphate compost Estimating an acre
planted 2x2 feet the yield would have been 89 bushels better than those
grown in rich garden A neighbor got like results
Tobacco Neighbor ONeal says we can mature 20 leaves of tobacco to a
stalk here against 12 in Virginia
Millo maize Planted it three years Most wonderful green forage product
I ever saw in rich soil
Kaffir corn Pressly Huff say it beats all for stock and poultry
People poorer by observation complaints stealage skippage and slippage
15318
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
There is not much exaggeration in the following Negro tenants make 4 to
6 hales of cotton white 6 to 9 The latter rents 30 acres and hires a mule and
a negro eighty dollars and feeds him on time rations He pays two bales rent
one for guano three for negro and a small one for the mule How much is
left for feed of the mule till June and clothing and food for his family Eight
out of ten white females do cooking eight out of ten negro women do nothing
but tramp Average renters work only about six months of solid days in the
year average day hands only about three months of solid days Make
vagrancy include every one that works less than three days in a week and
our jails would not hold them or we would maeademize every road in the
county From September to December a man is compelled to the double duty
of prayer and watchfulness and cannot keep up then I see a writer in the
Atlanta Constitution says the farmers alliances of Coweta county expect
to go to paradise Where else would he have them go If he were to see
the above he would go into ecstacy But we have one chance left let him go
read what Christ told Johns disciplesthe poor have the gospel etc
G A B Dozier
Test of farm and garded seeds Kaffir corn planted in April easily culti
Tated gave three cuttings of ripened heads before frost yield per acre at the
rate of sixty bushels of clean grain fiftysix pounds to the bushel Spanish
peanuts planted July 1st cultivated by one hoeing and one plowing one fur
row to the row Harvested in November Yield per acre of sound nuts
eighty bushels J B Pate
Spanish peanuts were given to Mr Geo W Blanton He is wonderfully
pleased with quality and productions and says will never grow any other
variety His favorable opinion is a very strong endorsement as he has been
raising peanuts since he was kneehigh to a duck In fact he got his start
that way and he is now a substantial young farmer F Hargett Jr
HeardThe Kaffir corn Dent and Missouri corn and Spanish ground peas
did well The latter turned out beyond any reasonable expectation
J B Ware
HenryThe Spanish pea did well where they were not planted too early
The have but little or no advantage over some other kinds It has been a
good year in our section for all kinds of ground pea J M McDonald
Kolb gem melon fine grows large four or more to vine Spanish peanut
spendid fi r hogs and cattle rkot so good for man being too small The negroes
and farmers generally are doing less work than I ever saw at thisseason
J H Stallworth
JasperOf Jones Prolific Big Boll Hawkins Prolific Dearings Small
Seed and common cotton the firstnamed gave fully onefourth greater yield
than either of the others and I believe it is the best cotton I ever planted The
Spanish peanut has proved a success Willis Newton
JonesThis report shows the condition of the farmers of Jones county not
154SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
19
to be as good as last year It should not have been the case They have
made fair crops of everything excepting small grain The truth is the farmer
purchases too much and spends more money than is necessarytoo much
credit extended by the factors and the farmer borrows more than he actually
needsand with so many nonproducers and idle persons white and black
who have no regular home or fixed employment but have to live and do live
it is not surprising that our farmers do not prosper R T Ross
LincolnThe Spanish groundpea is the best thing of the kind I have ever
grown No trouble to grow one hundred bushels to the acre J M Dill
As far as I have heard from the Spanish groundpea it has given universal
satisfaction It is conceded to be earlier and more prolific than any other and
it is sweeter and more palatable It is here to stay Mlllo Maize and Kaffir
corn will both hold a position as necessary crops among our farmers in the
future for which the Agricultural Department is entitled to the credit
N A Crawford
McDuffieThe Spanish peanuts sent me did well A neighbor from one
acre of poor pine land gathered over fifty bushels Best peanut ever grown
in our section very early and easily gathered The Kaffir corn I do not
think will take well kind of scrub growth and irregular in heading and
maturing The fowls are very fond of the grain and shall plant again in
order to giveit a fair chance H McCorkle
MkriwetherI made three bushels of Spanish peanuts on 119 of an acre
of white land prepared as for cotton rows three feet apart and 150 pounds
compost used When the vines are pulled up not more than one per cent of
the nuts are left in the soil The tops are good food for cattle Kaffir yields
well but do not know how to utilize it J H Williams
Kaffir corn made a fine crop It is splendid for forage comes in early
Two acres will make more fodder than six acres of my old fashioned corn
J L Hamby
Kaffir corn made a fine yield Spanish peanuts are still the favorite Jones
cotton did well herndon and Peterkin makes the best yield and finest lint of any
cotton we have Dent and Cuban corn did not do much early drouth made a
failure I know of of an acre in sorghum cane that made 49 gallons of good
syruP B S Clements
MorganThe Kaffir corn sent by you did remarkably well Stock very
fond of it Also the Cuban queen corn with such forage as Kaffir corn Millo
Maize Indian corn Bermuda and crab grass hay all are easy to raise I dont
see why we cant raise stock here as well as any where in the world and I am
glad to be able to say that this county with the present ratio of increase of
horses and mule colts will in a few years supply to a large extent the local
demand J T Newton
NewtonNames of varieties tested not given Hence report not avail
able Comr
15520 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
OconeeSpanish peanuts made a fine yield can be gathered with less labor
than the large kind large tops make a good forage Kaffir cora makes
fine grain and also makes fine forage W E Elder Sect
OglethorpeThe Spanish peanut is the most prolific and in every respect
decidedly the best ever introduced in this country James 1 Green
PikeThe Spanish peanuts did well Can make two crops a year The
Kaffir corn makes nice flour but did not feed to stock Think forage corn
green better I am trying to let up a little on cotton and am raising some
colts Am well pleased with the prospect so far As to condition of the
farmers I am truly sorry to say that it is not at all hopeful As a class I
think they are getting worse off every year There ae of course notable
exceptions being thse for the most part who raise their own supplies instead
of the allcotton system E W Rose
RockdaleSpanish peanuts have been extensively planted in our county
this year and with a lew exceptions all speak highly of them as they are
verv early easy to gather very prolific and have scarcely any pops in them
Patrick II White
TalisotI tried your tobacco it did well far superior to any other plantd
in this county Spanish peanuts did O K Splendid for hogs Nothing
better Joness Eureka cotton turned out remarkably well
L B McCrorey
Spanish peanuts are quite an acquisition Lucerne should have a place
on every farm I have a lucerne patch fifteen years old that is still yielding
good Rye is the most profitable forage crop Sow two bushels seed per
acre cut when in bloom and cure D G Owen
Spanish peanut cant be beat Dont want any other kind Peterkin cot
ton is an excellent kind S N Freeman
TaiiaferroAm satisfied that Spanish peanuts and Kaffir are both valua
ble crops especially the peanut as it does not require very fertile soil or much
culture I weighed 1503 pounds of Peterkin cotton in seed which yielded 567
pounds lint and weighed about same amount of common cotton which yielded
475 pounds lint I raised the Spanish and Georgia groundpea I think the
Spanish more prolific and better quality Several of my neighbors raised Millo
Maize this year All speak well of it as a forage crop I have never seen
anything equal the flour corn for yield of cornand forage
Saml J Flynt
UpsonThe Golden Dent and Cuban corn proved extra early for roasting
ears Will not do here for field crop The Spanish groundpea is a fine thing
to plant in corn middles at last plowing to fatten hogs The vines when
made into hay are fine for horses mules and cows A J Yates
Without doubt Middle Georgia and I believe all of Georgia can raise all
the stock needed The cowthe handmaid of the farmeris everywhere bred
156SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
21
by the poorest and costs as much as a mule With the Spanish peanut peas
and nubbin corn plenty of pork can be raised T J Middlebrooks
Undoubtedly Middle Georgia and I believe all of Georgia can and ought
to raise all of her stock for the cow one of the handmaids of the farmer is
raised by the poorest farmer for which it cost kim as much as it would to raise
his own mules and with the Spanish peanut cornfield pea and nubbin corn the
farmer can raise all tbe pork the farm needs Cows for milk arid butter hogs
for pork mules tor work and cotton for a surplus should be the farmers
motto T J Middlebrooks
WaltonThe Kaffir corn seed were planted on a rich and well pre
pared soil I do not think it worth the time it takes to plant as a forage crop
and the yield of seed too small to be renumerative I have tried two varieties
of Millo Maize both of which are good for green feeding neither will cure
for hogs J E Nunnally
Fall sowing of oats is a thing of the past Cotton seed oil mills are a curse
to the country Tenants croppers and onehalf the land owners have sold their
cotton seed instead of utilizing them on the farm But half crop of wheat
sown Should the crop be short in northwsst somebody will pay dear for
biscuit naxt fall Spanish peanuts are growing in favor with farmers
J M Gresham
WarrenSorghum is on a boom More made this year than ever
before and the area will be doubled next year Sheep raising is almost a fail
ure The old curs got nearly all of the sheep D W Rogers
Spanish peanuts did well and advise all farmers to plant them Kaffir
corn no good do not want it Millo Maize as good as I could ask for have
planted it for six years and will continue to plant James A Shitbbs
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerThe Cuban corn you sent me is the quickest variety I have ever
seen It was ready for use on the table in less than 90 days after it was planted
Am pleased with Spanish peanuts W L Curry
Spanish peanuts a successfar superior to other varieties no pops yield
good Kaffir corn well adapted to the hot dry summers of Southwest Georgia
Jumbo water melon fine variety for home use and for shipping G E King
BerrienFarmers are generally better up with their business than usual
and seem to be a good deal more energetic in farming work than ever before
H J Parrish
CalhounPlanted of Kaffir corn two rows 184 yards long Made three
pecks first crop and good second crop Splendid for horses cattle and poultry
Daniel McMillan
ChattaiioocheeDearing small seed very prolific a good variety
Joness Eureka also fine yields well Hawkinss cotton large boled and pro
15722 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
lific excellent Kaffir corn not fully tested but we recommend it as a forage
crop We wish information on cultivation and harvesting of the crop for for
age We think the Spanish peanut has no equal in our country
P M Jones for Jamestown Grange No 165
ColquittThe Peterkin cotton is equally prolific as the best varieties
1300 pounds seed cotton will make 500 lb bale every time and herein is the
cocanut that contains the milk The Spanish ground pea is fast growing in
favor in this latitude They ought not to be planted before June Will be
ready to turn in on by 1st October Planted earlier they will sprout in ground
The Spanish ground pea is a jewel to the farmer F J Walker
DecatukI planted about second week in April and gathered the second
week in August at the rate of 100 bushels per acre and planted July 1st and
gathered December 1st yet I believe they could have been gathered a month
earlier The Spanish peanut is the best hog crop that can be raised in Georgia
W B MoDaniel
DoolyI cultivated this year one acre in cotton using 800 pounds of Geo
W Scott Cos Gossypium on land that had been in cultivation nine years
and I housed from the one acre 2853 pounds of seed cotton
Simon P Odom
DoughertyThe Spanish groundpeas are very prolific and well suited to
this climate can make two crops a year J L Dozier
HoustonIf the corn raised in the county could be distributed there is
enough raised to supply the county Tax Collectors do not take down the num
ber of bales cotton made or number of stock or anything of that kind The
Legislature ought to pass a law requiring the Tax Receivers to do all of this
kind of statistics W J Anderson
The mammtoh Dent corn was not so good as I expected 11 is very early
has large ears but rots badly The Kaffir corn is all that was claimed tor it
early very prolific and makes more and bettei forage than any other plant I
ever tried J H Culler
IrwinThe corn sent me Golden Dent and Cuban did well and premises
to be of much value as an early crop also the Spanish peanuts are doing well
and farmers prize them highly The Peterkin cotton is considered the best
cotton for our section It grows finely and fruits well Jams Paulk
LowndesThe Spanish peanut is all that has been claimed for it very
fruitful easily cultivated quick growth J A Dasher Jr
MaconFarmers are badly in debt and are very much disheartened The
Spanish ground pea is the very thing for this section Any farmer can raise
them and have plenty of pork J B Murry
MarionEqual weights of slag and cotton seed meal were carefully mixed
Also equal weights of acid phosphate Seven pounds of each mixture were
158SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
23
applied to cotton of different varieties in 3 feet rows 35 yards long on very
old poor land The results were as follows
4 rows Peterkin cotton mado 8 lbs
4 rows Bearings small seed made 10J
4 rows Jones Eureka made 9J
4 rows Willimantic made 11J
4 rows Hawkins Prolific made 11J
4 rows No manure made 4
Two rows of each were fertilized with slag and meal and two each with
phosphate and meal The slag mixture made j pound more than the acid phos
phate mixture I tried these mixtures on corn and peas and did not discover
any difference in the results G W 0 Munro
MitchellThe Spanish ground pea has been raised by some with fine suc
cess making over 50 bushels per acre in addition to a quantity of cow food
surpassing anything grown here J B Twitty
QuitmanPlanters are far from bping easy owing to short crop and low
prices which prevailed until much of the cotton was marketed There is per
haps enough corn for home consumption or nearly so J E Smith
RandolphWhat is the best plan for preventing land from washing As
to the condition of our farmers I think we are steadily improving adding a
little year after year in our home and farm economy I think the agriculture
department a potent factor in bringing about these results
R T Crittenden
Terracing is now believed to be the most effective engineering device against
washing The Commissioners will suggest the cultivation of grass as the most
economical remedy and preventive in connection with terracing Grass lands
do not wash Grass will stop washes
TerrellThe Spanish pea has given general satisfaction and our county
is well supplied with seed and a great many will be planted another year
Small farmers are in good condition and small farms are in good demandsell
ing from 6 to 8 per acre No demand for large farms E G Hill
I have tested the Spanish peanuts and like them Do not like millo maize
Jones excelsior cotton is fine Ivory wheat is superior to Kaffir corn
Elijah Belflower
ThomasSpanish ground peas do remarkably will in this countyno better
though than the old kind The advantage in the former is that they mature
early and allows the early starting of hogs which all know is a great advant
age E L Neel
Farmers are at a stand still or rather going down hilla majority of them
If some plan be not devised by which farmers can get money on easier terms
they will go to the foot of the hill It is a gloomy prospect for many of the
farmers of this county L H Player
15924
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORG1 A
Websterlam more than ever impressed with the importance of planting
all crops early and working rapidly as possible Late crops have been almost
a failure with us this year I think the Spanish pea a good thing to raise for
hogs Reason A Bell
WorthI fied that the Spanish peanuts you sent me matured so much
earlier than the common kind that mine sprouted in the ground before I
gathered them I believe they should be planted late P Pelham
You should have either gathered at once or turned hogs upon them Two
crops may be grown as other reports showCommissioner
I think Kaffir corn is one of the best forage crops a farmer can plant I
made at the rate of 110 bushels of seed per acre It is a good food for all
stock The Jones Eureka cotton did well yielcing at the rate of 950 pounds
seed cotton per acre and ten days earlier I do not think very well of the
Spanish peanuts but every farmer to his own notion about seeds My notion
is to keep out of debt Plant corn and cotton and raise all the bacon possible
W A Hall
EAST GEORGIA
Dodqe1 gave the package of peas sent me to one of my neighbors He
thinks them the best pea that can be raised in this part of the State as they are
prolific and easily gathered have been raising them myself for two years and
think them superior to the old kind The Peterkin cotton sent me is the best
variety I have ever seen it yields ten per cent more lint than any other I
have seen I M Buchan
EmanuelThe farmers of this county taking all things together are in a
good condition As a general thing they own the farms they work and they
are paid lor Before the war we were poor and owned but few slaves and
consequently our children did the farm and housework Now these children
are the owners of the soil They are educating their children to live at homo
and board at the same place E W Lane il I
GlascockThere is some increase in this county in the raising of home
supplies to what it was in 1886 especiallyin pork and syrup There has been
this year the largest crop of sorghum syrup ever raised in this county The
Spanish peanut has proved well and beneficial to all who have planted and
cultivated thorn They will yield on ordinary land fifty bushels to the acre
and I am satisfied that more pork can be fattened on one acre of them than
one acre of anvthing else I could cultivate Seaborn Kitchens
JbekeksonThe Spanish peas are quite a success Our county has made
perhaps more than an average crop of corn and cotton S M Clark
I have tried the Spanish peanut this year and find them far superior to the
old kind in one respect that is they bear full and are easily gathered They
will not do to plant where rogues abound as they are so easily gathered
E A Tarvkr
Nearly all writers on agriculture advocate and all experiments demon
strate the necessity of diversified farming to the well being of both the farm
160SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1827
25
er and the farm yet many of our farmers are slow to realize and slower to
utilize the principles which it developes The continual growing of the same
crops in the same soil depletes it so rapidly of the elements of plantfood that
it is impossible to keep it up to a high standard of fertility without an extrava
gant outlay for artificial fertilizers but by growing a diversity of crops in ro
tation with occasional fallowing nature will do a great deal to keep up the fer
tility of the soil and save the farmer much expense in supplying fertilizers
J F Adkins
JohnsonSpanish peanuts have been tried and are universally liked
Kaffir corn is well thought of If you could furnish some grasses that would
grow in gray pine land I will give it a trial J H Hicks
LatjrensSpanish peanuts are a valuable acquisition as is also Kaffir corn
If you can do anything to prevent the sale and use of commercial fertilizers it
would do more good than prohibition It has almost bankrupted cur county
That in connection with farmers buying provisions and plow stock all of which
can be raised at home in great abundance Dr J T Chappell
PulaskiMillo Maize and Kaffir Corn neither considered valuable as tood
crops where we can grow oats rye barley millet corn grass etc The Span
ish ground paa is growing in popularity easy to cultivate prolific and easy to
gather They make excellent food for horses cows etc Pull up vine and all
and cure three days A vast improvement in the condition of our farmers un
doubtedly exists and is especially noticeable among negro tenants who make
a censideraljle part of our farming population Conservative business nun
attribute this mainly to the good effects of prohibition prevailing with us now
one year They have come to town less worked more spent less paid debts
better dressed better looked better and felt better J P Brown
RichmondThe Spanish peanuts received from the department did well
They do well on light land The Missouri corn did not yield as well as our
home raised seed corn The Kaffir corn did well The Peterkin cotton seed
is thought to be the best ever introduced in this sectio The seed yielding a
larger quantity of lint than other varieties A W Rhodes
ScrivenThe Spanish peanuts have been cultivated some with line results
The county agricultural society is doing nothing E B Gaoss
TelfairI have tried the Millo Maize and Kaffir corn Do not think
that either would be profitable in this section The Spanish peanuts are quite
a success By planting them in March they will mature in time for an early
start with hogs and will fatten them or give them a start for the common
fieldpea which is quite an item in this section Wm P Wili iams
TwigosFrom the product of a few short rows planted in Kaffir corn I
think it worthy of extended cultivation Everybody pleased with the Spanish
pea and adopting it It is a godsend H S Wimbirly
Kaffir corn the most remarkable growth withstands drouth remain
ing perfectly green until frost and yielding wonderfully Stock of all kinds
fond of it poultry and pigeons like it a valuable accession to farm pro
16126
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
ducts Spanish peanuts will in a short time supersede all other varieties If
planted early will produce two crops F D Wimbkrly
WashingtonSpanish peanut very prolific Kaffir corn for green forage
excellent for cured heads equal to ear corn as a cured forage consider it a
failure J C Harmon
Spanish peanuts give satisfaction W A Swelling
WilkinsonStock law has been adopted in a portion of this county hence
a decrease of all stock Stock laws so far as I have seen means no stock
instead of no fence J A Mason
TelfairDearing cotton superior to Hawkins Kaffir corn the best forage
plant you have sent us in several years We are delighted with the Spanish
peanuts because they are so easily cultivated and harvested and so productive
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
LibertySpanish pinders do so well here that there is a great demand for
the ensuing year Kaffir corn seems not to do well though the dry weather
struck it before we could test it good Kolb Gem melons not worth planting
as they invariably have a hard place in them Cuban corn too small to be
profitable J O Davis Jr
GlynnThe Spanish peanut seed from the Department proved a success
I planted them side by side with the African peanut and treated them alike
The former turned out two for one of the latter I am satisfied that two crops
of the Spanish peanut can be grown the same season Jno R Dorsfinger
EffinghamSpanish peanuts seem to do well here so far as tried The
Hollis melon seed received from you have done wellmellons very fine red
and sweet Amos E Rahn
Burt oats furnished me a few years ago is the best oats for this country for
a sure crop p R Tarver
CoffeeI have given the Spanish peanut a fair test on sandy land and
find them to be far ahead of the groundpea known as the oldfashioned pin
der both inflavor and productiveness The Kaffir corn did well also the
Alaska peas Owing to drouth turnips are almost a failure
Joseph Bailey
When our farmers learn to make an ample support at home independent
of foreign markets they will live better have more money to invest in lands
stock etc They will have to plant larger provision crops and less cotton before
they can make farming a success here J P Poffoed
ClinchThe Jones Eureka cotton is fine Dearings small seed not so
good a yield the Hawkins cotton is good but not so good as Eureka The
Spanish peanuts have a fine top for feed a good many small halfpop and full
pops as peas Fully considered do not amount to much L C Mattox
CamdenThe garden seed sent me did generally well The Spanish ground
pea did tolerably well The Kolb Gem and Jones Jumbo watermelon almost
a failure The few watermelons of Jumbo were good though small
E A MoWhorter
162SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
27
HOMEMADE FERTILIZERS AND COMPOSTS
The Commissioner has frequent inquiries for the best formulae for making
composts on the farm To meet these inquiries an article which originally
appeared in Circular 38 of this Department issued February 16 1883 is here
reproduced in part with some additional suggestions
From Circular No 38 Feb 16 1883
While pea vines and lime furnish the cheapest and most effective means of
restoring fertility to worn soils and of maintaining it in those not yet exhausted
the compost of superphosphate and kainit with stable manure and cotton seed
furnishes beyond question the most economical manure the Southern farmer
or planter can apply to his crop from year to year
Besides supplying plant food in the best and most available forms the com
post exerts a mechanical influence upon the soil not produced by the plain
commercial fertilizers Either the compost or the pea vines will supply all
the ammonia needed in our soils the composts for special manuring of crops
and the pea vines will furnish ammonia and humus to the whole soil It must
not however be understood that ammonia is the only important element of
plant food supplied by these cheap sources of fertility On the contrary they
supply all of the elements of plant food Some of these however exist in such
small percentages that very large quantities of the substances must be applied
to supply these elements in sufficient quantities for the production of maximum
crops The principal deficiency is in the percentage of phosphoric acid con
tained in pea vines and stable manure This is supplied by the addition of
superphosphate in the compost at the time of putting it up The pea vines
may be manured with superphosphates and thus at the same time supply this
essential element ot fertility to the soil and increase the growth of vines to be
returned to the soil
A comparison of the analyses of the Southern field pea with that of
clover which has been used as a soil improver so long shows very slight dif
ference so far as either their feeding or manurial value is concerned It is
not necessary to speak of the value of stable manure and cotton seed as
manure Their value is known to all who till Southern Soil
FORMULAE FOR COMPOSTS
If the stable manure and cotton seed have been protected from waste by
exposure to rain and sun the following formula is recommended
Stable Manure650 pounds
Green Cotton Seed650
Superphosphate 00
Making a ton of2000 pounds
16328
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
If the compost is intended for use on soils particularly deficient in potash
the proportion of cotton seed and stable manure may be reduced 50 pounds
each and 100 pouodi of Kainit used instead The formula would then be
Stable Manure 600 pounds
Cotton Seed green 600
Superphosphate 700
Kainit 100
Making a ton of2000 pounds
These ingredients may be varied in proportions to adapt the resulting com
posts to different soils or crops but either of the above will be found to give
satisfactory results on every class of soils and on all of our cultivated crops
To the above it may be added that if the quantity of stable manure available
for composting is either relatively greater or less than the proportions indicated
in the above formula the proportions may be disregarded without detriment to
the value of the practical results
The point to be kept in view is to preserve approximately the relative pro
portiong of the three elements ammonia phosphoric and potash This may be
substantially accomplished by preserving the relative quantities of cotton seed
acid phosphate ana kainit as given in the second formula This would give
about one per cent of ammonia and threefourths of one per cent of potash
for every five per cent of phosphoric acid The addition of stable or lot manure
in whatever quantities would not materially alter these relative percentages
but would simply reduce each jn abut the same ratio and to the extent of such
addition
If decorticated cotton seed the kernels of the seed be used instead of the
whole seed use half the quantity
If the meal be used reduce the quantity to onethird of the weight of cotton
seed in the formula given These substitutions in the quantities suggested will
not materially alter the relative proportions of the three elements but will
make a more concentrated fertilizer
Directions for CompostingSpread under the shelter a layer of stable
manure four inches thick on this sprinkle a portion of the phosphate next
spread a layer of cotton seed three inches thick or onethird as much cotton seed
meal wet these thoroughly with water and then apply more of the phosphate
next spread another layer of stable manure three inches thick and continue to
repeat these layers in the above order and in proportion to the quantity of each
used to the ton until the material is consumed Cover the whole mass with
stable manure or scrappings from the lot one or two inches thick Allow the
heap to stand in this condition until a thorough fermentation takes place which
will require from three to six weeks according to circumstances dependent
upon proper degree of moisture and the strength of materials used Whon the
cotton seed are thoroughly killed with a sharp hoe or mattock cut down verti
cally through the layers pulverize and shovel into a heap where the fermen
164SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
29
tation willbe renewed and the compost be still further improved Let it lie
for two weeks after cutting don it will then he ready for use
The following plan ot mixture gives equally satisfactory results Mix the
cotton seed or meal and the stable manure in proper proportion moisten them
with water apply the proper proportion of phosphate and mix thoroughly
shoveling into a mass as prepared
There is some advantage in this plan from the fact that the ingredients are
thoroughly commingled during fermentation
For CottonApply in the opening furrow 200 pounds and with the plant
ing seed 75 or 100 pounds making in all 275 or 300 pounds per acre If it is
desired to apply a larger quantity open furrows the desired distance and over
them sow broadcast 400 pounds per acre bed the land and then apply 100
pounds per acre with the seed
For CornApply in the hill by the side of the seed one gill to the hill
An additional application around the stalk before the first plowing will largely
increase the yield of grain
If the proportion of stable manure be greater or less than stated in the for
mula increase or diminish the quantity applied peracre accordingly
Farmers can save much of the immediate profits on sales of fertilizers if
they will club together and buy from first hand in twentyton lots and up
wards the ingredients required to wit acid phosphate cottonseed meal and
potash salts If purchased in bulk that is unsacked the saving will be one
dollar per ton on account of sacks There is no mystery whatever in mixing
or manipulating fertilizers A farmer can mix the ingredients substantially
as well as the manufacturer A single ton of acidphosphate containing 13 to
14 per cent available phosphoricacid should not cost delivered at any depot
in Georgia more than 1400 cash and freight from Savannah Charleston or
Port Royal In larger lots the price would be proportionately less A single
ton of cotton seed meal can be purchased at the oil mill for 20 to 22 or less
and carload lots for still lower prices Kainit is worth by the single ton at the
ports 12 to 14 etc
Suppose the following
Acid phosphate 1400 pounds 900 at ports
Cotton seed meal 450 pounds540 at mill
Kainit 150 pounds100 at ports
Total 2000 pounds1540
Now add freight from Savannah and the cost will sum up from 18 to 20
per ton Such a fertilizer would analyze about
Available phosphoric acid 900 Per cent
AmmoniaL80
PotashL00
10530
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
FOEEST CULTUEE
The prevention of the wasteful destruction of our forests and the adoption
of some system by which the demand of our immediate posterity for timber
may be supplied is a subject which is now attracting much attention It is a
very proper field for investigation by this department since the reduction of
the forest areas of Europe and other long settled civilized regions of the
erath has been observed to aftect very materially the climate and meteorology
and other conditions vital to agriculture With a view to excite a more general
interest in the subject among the farmers of Georgia the Commissioner
requested Miss E L Howard to prepare for publication in this report the
following article
WHY SHOULD FARMERS BE INTERESTED IN FOREST
CULTURE
To answer this question we have before us the experience and testimony of
the farmers and civil engineers of the Old World that destructive drouths floods
burning winds and desert places are the result of the destruction of their
forests So strong is the belief in the necessity ot preserving large forest areas
and rewooding a certain percentage of open lands that large sums of money
are expended by each European government to this ednot only for their
immediate kingdoms but also for their colonies Schools are also established
for especial training in the science of forestry That we cannot do neither
have we need of especial training in that linebut we can profit by the
method in Switzerland of leaving to each canton the care of the forests
within its own borders Agriculture is so dependent upon the preservation
of large forest areas that the elaborate systems of forestry for the Old World
are placed under the supervision of the Ministers of Agriculture We have
our Minister of Agriculture and our State Commissioner of Agriculture
Why cannot each State take care of its own forests We need facts and
statistics If printed questions were sent out to the farmers of each State
on the subject of Forestry from its own Agricultural Department similar
to the questions now sent from the Agricultural Department of Georgia con
cerning crop areas and the answers embodied in the Crop Reports we whould
then have facts and statistics gained by practical and local observations
When the farmers thus have attention calledto the subject they can then
combine for practical action
Our Government spent large sums of money in opening the mouth of the
Mississippi river Could that expenditure have been avoided Listen to
what Capt Eads while inspecting his work two years ago said to the eminent
writer Joaquin Miller We have begun at the wrong end Dipping a
bucket of the muddy water There cried the great engineer there is a
mixture of onetenth Missouri onetenth Illinois onetenth Iowa one fraction
Kentucky and so on through about fifteen States with an addition of five
166SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887
31
tenths of pure water As I told you we have begun at the wrong end But
the country is not educated up to the point of the beginning It wants the
other end for wheat and corn It only wants the mouth of the river kept
open so as to be able to sell its corn for the present generation and leave
the next generation to look out for itself The other end of the river has
drowned out this end State after State is going to be drowned out until
some day the coral insect may again build his pretty castles where the
people of Iowa are now digging wells for water The United States is
tearing out her very heart with her gang plows and dumping it into the sea
sir He also said if the leaves and grass were left lying on the ground at
the proper time of the year as Nature the hand of God placed them there
would never be any damage from high water at any time and that there
would never be any need of Eads jetties
Need we spend money that we may the quicker tear out our hearts with
gang plows Let us begin at the right end Let but the farmer begin by
looking at his own wooded pasturehis newly cleared field and then at his
worn out field gullied and seamed by the action of rain and frost and he
will see plainly written before him in miniature what is taking place on
a stupendous scale all over the world If he keeps the hills in wooded
pasture he sees cool moist soil in summer under the leafy branches of
the trees and in fall and winter a warm coating from the same leaves
acting first as a break against the denuding effects of rain and frost then by
gradual decay giving the hungry earth the food she cravesthat she may
again feed the roots helping in the good work by binding the soil and support
ing the trunks and branches that resist the piercing drying winds The
wooded hills are to him what our wooded mountains are to our States and what
our chains of mountains are to our Continent
Georgia has an area of 58950 square miles 47 percentage of the whole in
forest 22 per cent in farm land and a river basin area of 27000 miles 54 per
cent of which drainage goes into the Atlantic ocean We must have drain
age or suffer from stagnant water but may not part of the necessary drainage
be by distribution not by overflows What more simple and more perfect
method of holding and distributing our rain fall than that furnished us by
nature in leafy trees and well kept grassy meadows This idea of distribution
is most clearly expressed by the greatly lamented Mr A R McCutchen of
our Agricultural Department In speaking of weather reports he says The
average rain fall may be just what was needed yet no crops made the average
may be made up of a succession of floods and drouths And so it is distribu
tion which is the most important condition Of the 50 inches of rain which
falls in a year the proper distribution of 6 inches would insure excellent crops
So the preservation of the woods is the salvation of the farmer This may
seem paradoxical to the farmer who lives in a well wooded locality and has
more tree growth close to his fields than he knows what to do with and must
spend his hard earned money to rid himself of the trees shading his crops
but let him imagine what would be his situation if he could return to the
now well wooded country one hundred years from the present time Eortu
16732
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
nately no such strain upon the imagination is neededhe has but to look a
little further than his own fieldstravel on the railroads through his own
State and if not so convinced of the necessity of the preservation of our
timbered lands let him sit quietly in his arm chair read the daily papers
and think what can be the reason of so many freshets Why are we so much
more troubled with devastating floods than we used to be when I was young
If he can lind a different cause than the wholesale destruction cf timber we
have begun and will not keep his discovery a secret to himself he will be the
great benefactor of the civilized world
Farmers do not themselves work up timber but if they remember their wag
ons mowing machines horse rake etc were made of wood that once grew
oiit of the soil they will appreciate the statement of Mr Martin Conrad of
Chicago who has had an experience of twenty years in wagon making In
September this fall at the American Forrestry Congress in Springfield he
said It is but a few years ago that Chicago drew the bulk of its whiteood
supply from the State of Michigan while today that great timber State in
common with ourselves draws on Tennessee and other Southern districts for
this valuable wood Oak at that time was so abundant that it could not
be profitably shipped by rail to Chicago from outside a radius of a hundred
miles whereas today Arkansas and even Mississippi are represented in the
oak supph of the Chicago yards
Georgia ships enormous quantities of timber to the North as we all know
but if we have not a just estimate of our timber area of marketable qaulity
how can we kniw at what rate we are exhausting our supply
168A 4ooUNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRAR
3 ElDfl 03Tlb 3T73