PUBLICATIONS OF THE Dup 13 D o D GEORGIA STATE IFOIK TIKE TEAB 1B87 VOLUME XIII j X HENDERSON Commissioner THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSiTYDF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORGIA ATLANTA GA CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE 1887u OF GfcC INTRODUCTION VOLUME XIII The current volume as with the twelve preceding as tl hh embraces all of the publication f i preceamK the title imports character issued durirZ i Agriculture of everv zzt it at the end of the a specified umber of eacinr 11laira of the Department pendents UtTfhiStW S filed in the office for binding at the end of the yZ P utive paging for th V u do K S will be found on the ower margmf the Pagt ERROR By an oversight Circular No 92 embracing s Proceedines of stif w fi l laum pages and Circular No b w m l6e be neZSb7L LK MY TRAMUd XJL 2 7 1914 MAR 6 1945CONTENTS OF VOL XIII CIRCULARS Circular No 88Analyses and Commercial Values of Fertilizers admit ted to sale to January 8 1 S9Analyses and Commercial Values of Fertilizers admit ted to sale to February 19 8 90Crop Report for May 91Crop Report for June 4 92 Analyses Commercial Values and Statistics of Fertil izers admitted to sale during the season 188687 72 98Crop Report for July B9 94Crop Report for August 8 95Crop Report tor September l mi Crop Report for October H ill Proceedings State Horticultural Society 127 98 Rules and Regulations for the Inspection of Fertilizers 127 99Rules and Regulations Additional 135 100 Supplemental Crop Report 17 uvt rw THEGENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORGIAGENERAL INDEX NoteThe consecutive paging for the volume to which this index re fers will be found on the lower margins of the pages A Analyses of Fertilizers Circular No 88 2 Analyses of Fertilizers Circular No 89 g Analyses of Fertilizers Circular No 92 72 Analyses of Cotlon Seed IfK Arnmoniated and nonammoniated fertilizers 94 August Crop Eteport g C Cash and Time prices l Chemical fertilizers o0 i hemical fertilizers formula for 07 Ihemist report of Circular No 88 S 127 99 100S Complete Fertilizers Composts formute for Condition of Fanners Cotton seed as a fertilizing material 10r rop report for May T 2o June July 69 August 81 September October Cobb John A Address of H Culture of Peanuts 13GENERAL IXDEX D Dominant Elements 08109 E 3 Economy in Fertilization103 Experiments with Seeds141147 F Fertilization Economy in103 Fertilizers Comparative Trade in 94 Fertilizers for Specific FunctionsH Forest Culturel67 Formulae for Composts104i163 Chemical Fertilizers107 G Geo Ville Lecture on Chemical Fertilizers3864 Geo Ville vegetal production7292 H Homemade Fertilizers and Composts163 Homogeneous Fertilizers108 Horticultural Society Proceedings of127 I Incomplete Fertilizers109 Intense Complete Fertilizers19 J June Crop Report 56 July Crop Report 69 L Location of Orchards 31 M May Crop Report Market prices December 1 1887 2 140 N Notes from Correspondents 32 o9 84 101 114 117 147 O Orchards Peach location of 31 October Crop ReportHI P Peach orchards location of 31 Peanuts the culture of113 Peavines as a fertilizer103 Pork Stock and140 Proceedings of State Horticultural Society17 R Itelative Commercial Values4117 Report of chemist Rules and Regulations for the Inspection of Fertilizers127135GENERAL INDEX S Seeds tested report on141 147 September Crop Report 97 Standard required bylaw4 11 75 Statistics of Fertilizers92 93 Stock and pork14q Supplemental Report 137 T Tables of Analysisli 18 77 V Values of Elements8 10 74 Vegetal production 72 92 Vllle Geo lecture on Chemical Fertilizers3864 Vegetal Production72 92Circular No 88 j Xiv Series J SEASON OK 188687 ANALYSES COMMERCIAL VALUES MliL FERTILIZE CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA DURING THE SEASON OP 188687 TO THE 8th JANUARY 1887 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OK AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GA CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE 1887 u ue 1 4y OReiA Circular JVo 88 Nw Series ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMER CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia to January 8 Season of 188687 DEPARTMENT OV AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga January 20 1887 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES The tables commencing on a succeeding page give the analyses and the calcula 1 ted Relative Commercial Values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in this State during the season of 188687 to Jan uary 8 VALUES OF ELEMENTS The usual correspondence has shown no material change in the market value of the valuable ingredients of fertilizers since last season Therefore the scale of elemental values will remain the same as that of the season of 18856 as followsDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Available Phosphoric Acid7i cents per pound Ammonia16 cents per pound Potash K O5 cents per pound These three elements are all that are taken into account in estimating the value of a fertilizer The commercial value of any fertilizer will depend on the amount and relative proportion of these elements that are found by analyses to be present inthe fertilizer THE RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUE of a fertilizer is found by multiplying the number of pounds of the valuable elements in a ton by the price above fixed for each element and adding all together Relative commercial values are generally safe indicators of the com parative agricultural or practical values of different fertilizers to the farmer and they are calculated and published as a guide to the farmer in making his selection A high relative commercial value generally indicates high quality and vice versa STANDARD REQUIRED BY LAW The law prohibits the sale of an ammoniated superphosphate unless the manu facturer or dealer shall guarantee that it contains not less than two 2 per centum of ammonia and eight 8 per centum of available phosphoric aeid and of an acid phosphate unless there be a guarantee of not less than ten 10 per centum of available phosphoric acid These per centages must also be shown to be present by the official analysis of the State Chemist Eight per centum of available phosphoric and two per centum of ammonia will give in a ton Available Phosphoric Acid100 pounds Ammonia 10 pounds Total200 pounds These two elements in not less than the amounts just stated are all that a fer tilizer is required by law to contain Such a fertilizer is commonly called a Standard Fertilizer or Georgia Standard by the trade The relative com mercial value of a fertilizer is easily calculated when the analysis isknown Take for instance a fertilizer that has the following analysis Available Phosphoric Acid1120 per cent Ammonia 230 per cent Potash K O 150 pcr cent Now 1120 per cent of 2000 pounds 1 ton is 224 pounds phos phoric aeid at l cents per pound 16 80 And 230 per cent of 2000 pounds is 40 pounds of ammonia at 16 cents per pound 7 jj And 150 per cent of 2000 pounds is 30 pounds of potash at 5 cents per pound 1 50 Total value of one ton f 25 66 A shorter method of calculating relative commercial values is as follows taking the same supposed analysis ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 5 Available Phosphoric Acid1120x112 16 80 Ammonia230x3 15 7 3rt Potashlr0xl 0 Total 25 66 This rule is to multiply the per centage of phosphoric acid by 1J multiply the percentage of ammonia by 3 15 and the percentage of potash by 1 The product in each case is dollars and cents and the sum of the three products is the value of a ton ot the fertilizerTABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals etc inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 188687 to January 8 1887 TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates ob Lime NAME OF BRAND Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Hone1100 Amerieus AmmVi Bone Superphosphate Alkaline Guano Ashley Soluble Guano Ashley Cotton and Com Compound Ashley Small Grain Specific Ashepoo Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Baldwin cfc Co Cotton Fertilizer Buffalo Bone Guano Rowkers Cotton Fertilizer Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Coweta High Grade Fertilizer Cairo Guano Chesapeake Guano Colquitt Georgia Standard Guano Colquitt High Grade Guano champion Ammoniated Superphosphate Etiwan Ammoniated Superphosphate En tan Fertilizer Etiwan Gviano Eclipse Guano E FrankCoes Amd BoneStiperphosphte Eddystone Guano iForest City Amd Dissolved Bone 1200 1050 1500 11 1500 12011 1225 1050 550 900 1210 1550 650 1425 1300 500 675 1090 1050 1210 1625 1100 1050 1500 1100 175 og 225 085 090 110 120 230 180 100 250 110 li 250 285 220 100 110 250 475 125 160 400 185 300 175 Phosphoric Acid 915 900 550 6 10 700 640 875 800 810 1110 620 825 975 610 480 475 900 900 885 545 875 700 535 815 615 860 205 320 1120 1220 11 1065 11 15 1070 1010 1055 1055 IS 16 920 1015 1160 10 50 41 430 1 35 2 55 2 45 205 300 1 10 0 85 440 600 1080 645 11 20 1 80 10 80 10 75 1000 9 15 1015 970 940 1060 1075 1000 1 75 1 15 5 70 1 10 2 70 4 05 2 45 4 IK 1 to 300 225 221 290 265 220 270 210 255 250 255 2i5 250 270 280 250 200 2o 22 22U 205 305 215 257 240 125 250 235 245 200 260 220 21 200 250 150 150 198 145 125 IIK 150 170 140 215 160 170 185 145 300 2765 281 ill 2627 2771 2721 69 2599 2470 2 1 1 277 2446 21 40 2629 2661 2605 2120 2435 2374 2217 2586 2591 2864 2597 2526 2520 as A 200 21111 FOB WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AXD WHERE MAN UFACTURED W1air Bros Co Atlanta Ga Mfd lor Adair Bros Co Detroit inn 150 100 500 2011 100 250 200 100 200 10 10 20 50 101 100 500 100 812 Williams lark Co New York Chesapeake Guauo Co Baltimore Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SU Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Jno Merryman cfc Co Baltimore Baldwin cfc Co Savannah in Adair Bros cfc Co Atlanta Ga Jno D Wild Savannah Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore H II Colquitt Atlanta Ga II II Colquitt Atlanta Ga P S Chapped A Son Baltimore Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phos Co Oharleston Etiwan Phosphite Co Charleston Jno M Green Atlanta Ga Jno Merryman cfc Co Baltimore Jno M Green Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull cfc Co Savannah Williams Clark cfc Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Mil Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston BC Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S I Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md Jno Merryman cfc Co Barren I N Y Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Furmau Farm Improvemt Co E Pt Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Mil Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair MaeouGa Macon Ga Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair P S Chappell cfc Son Baltimore Md Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford E Frank Coe Barren Island N Y Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC o W H fee 5 H3 C lad t Q to o a I o PJ rFarmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Gossypium Phospho bGarrett Zellars Amd Dissolved Bone MSarretts Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Georgia State Grange Fertilizeri rfGa State Standard Amd Snperphosphte Homestead Gnano dHardees Cotton Boll Home Mixture Guano Jack Thompsons Amd Dissolved Bone Jonahs Gourd Guano Lowes Georgia Formula L C Dissolved Bone with Ammonia and Potash 1050 1200 750 750 1300 1400 sso 1400 775 1100 925 1080 cL R Ammoniated Guano Mastodon Guano Miles I X L Amd Superphosphate Nassau Guano Old Dominion Guano Orange Growers Special dOglethorpc Amd Dissolved Bone aOld Reliable Pure Animal Bone High Grade Vegetable Pure Peruvian Guano cPowhattan Raw Bone Superphosphate Plow Brand Raw Bono Superphosphate Patapsco Guano rfPort Roval Cotton Fertilizer Reliance Ammoniated Superphosphate eSouth American Guano Soluble Sea Island Guano Stonewall High Grade Amd Guano Soluble Pacific Guano Standard Ammoniated Bone Samana Guano Stono Soluble Guano Tennessee Superphosphate dW T Lane Bro Amd Dissolved Bone Walkers Gold Dust Wilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano 1175 1375 lllT 117 1125 1225 1315 1100 1050 8 1200 13 1050 1075 1400 1100 1550 1550 850 225 200 075 075 150 175 250 175 285 175 100 3211 210 250 310 200 200 350 075 175 225 275 535 250 280 240 175 465 300 300 125 1125 225 14001 110 1225 1175 1100 1400 1125 1225 150 130 125 175 075 110 815 800 820 820 010 860 810 860 700 860 800 S00 910 825 815 900 850 675 870 860 8 15 815 10 825 750 810 860 540 475 475 685 750 760 675 1125 840 860 900 615 210 10 25 2 20 1020 3 00 1120 3 00 1120 1 45 1055 1 40 10 00 3 50 1100 1 40 1000 3 25 1025 1 40 10 00 1 75 975 220 10 20 200 1110 1 90 10 15 210 10 25 2 05 11 05 1 60 1010 3 10 9 85 2 05 1075 1 40 1000 210 10 25 1 85 1000 560 10 20 1 90 10 15 2 35 985 190 11 III 140 10 01 570 9 10 600 1075 6011 10 75 390 10 75 2 55 10 05 2 50 1011 310 9 85 2 15 1170 230 10 70 1 41 1000 ii 25 11 25 290 9 05 210 S00 265 265 245 225 390 225 281 225 225 21H 210 211 240 245 220 200 151 225 210 690 717 240 290 240 225 235 275 275 21 280 205 200 2 35 255 225 245 245 025 211 1 90 191 170 301 iuio 175 300 210 150 200 210 160 2011 185 1 65 111 300 1125 610 275 2235 2700 2718 2718 2537 2520 2988 2520 2609 2520 2393 2118 26 2501 2466 2642 2404 2283 3163 2520 2235 1318 419 21 2 211 175 300 160 160 160 250 200 220 165 125 1 75 300 210 305 2501 2626 2413 520 27 2653 2053 2640 2604 2391 2283 2632 2596 2520 2682 2447 200 1000 100 Kid 250 1000 500 100 11 1111 201 Hammond Hull Co Savannah G W Scott it Co Atlanta Ga P Romare Atlanta Ga P Romare Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Langston fc Woodsou Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull t Co Savannah Columbus Fertilizer CoColumbus Hammond Hull t Co Savannah Butler Turner Camilla Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Langston A Woodsou Atlanta Ga Lorentz Rittlcr Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Langston Woodsou Atlanta Ga Jno D Weld Savannah Ga Maddox Ruekerct Co AtlantaGa The Wilcox ct Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull ct Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah The Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga 10 OKI 360 0011 50 Kill 111 20 500 300 300 mo 12 51 111 211 Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Michigan Carbon Works Detroit Mich Hammond Hull A Co Pt Royal S C Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Hammond Hull ct Co Pt Royal S C Butler Turner Camilla Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodson At lanbi Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodson At lanta Ga Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga The Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Hammond Hull ct Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Lorentz Rittlcr Baltimore Md Walton Whann Co Charleston Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Walton Whann Co Charleston Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore The Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga J O Mathewson Co Augusta Savannah Gnano Co Savannah Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Stono Phosphate Co Charleston National Fertilizer Co Nashville Hammond Hull Co Savannah Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh O Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Imported by The Wilcox ct Gibbs Gu ano Co Savannah Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S 0 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull t Co Pt Royal S C Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md The Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Pacific Guano Co Woods Hole Mass Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S National Fertilizer Co Nashville Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Stono Phosphate Co Charleston SC Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ga Ed N W COTABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bonks Natural Guanoes Chemicals Etc NAME OK HKAXI Ashley Amrnoniated Dissolved Bone Ashley Acid Phosphate Aramoniated Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate with Potash Acid Phosphate without Potash Adairs Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Bone Ashe A T Heaths Soluble Bone Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Acid Phosphate Brannons Soluble Guano Bowkers Dissolved Bone Phosphate Curacoa Guano Natural Phosphate Dissolved Bone Phosphate Dried Blood Dissolved Bone Phosphate Diamond Soluble Bone Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime bEdisto Acidulated Rock dEdisto Dissolved Bone Edisto Acid Phosphate Etiwau Ainmoniated Dissolved Bone Ezells Dissolved Bone English Dissolved Bone Etiwau Acid Phosphate aEutan Acid Phosphate Etiwan Dissolved Bone English Dissolved Bone X X X Furman Farm Impt Co Acid Phosphate pGeorgia State Standard Acid Phosphate Georgia State Standard Disd Bone Phos 100 145 100 085 065 000 000 175 110 140 050 110 240 Phosphoric acid 11501625 10011 250 CO 040 050 800 1010 1000 1020 1215 1055 920 1190 1100 825 935 000 1025 800 1225 950 1050 1050 1200 1075 1275 1625 1400 1 125 010 850 850 950 050 1 150 310 150 150 135 050 000 101 Ollo 050 125 035 171 171 435 3 320 300 1 50 2 05 1 2 340 185 2 95 2 870 625 1250 1125 900 1115 1115 945 900 1275 1145 000 1160 1125 1400 1116 1210 12111 10 1305 1120 1310 1750 1825 1350 1310 1260 13 14 55 10HO t3 a 625 1440 175 L25 000 1080 250 180 2Ill 150 220 2211 225 1 230 150 060 150 1 2423 2138 2280 211 2845 2738 2025 2185 2115 20C 2 5s 2266 2108 E 3 i FOR WHOM INSPECTED 2160 130 175 2154 2130 203 2115 2115 2078 220 2108 2115 2095 2358 2215 2431 211 2100 21IK 50 50 500 500 inn ion 50 100 100 12 100 20 50 25 50 201 50 50 50 511 50 100 loo 100 100 100 500 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Walton Whann Co Charleston Ieudleton Guano Co Atlanta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charlston Adair Bros A Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ashepoo Phosphate CoCharleston National Fertilizer Co Nashville Juo D Weld Savannah Ga Wileox it Glbbs Guano Co Savh 1 O Mathewson it Co Augusta Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Walton Whann Co Charleston J O Mathewson Co Augusta Edisto Phosphate Co harleston Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston Edisto Phosphate Co harleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate CoCharleston Savannah Guano Co Savannah Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate CoCharleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Savannah Guano Co Savannah Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah BY WHOM AND WHERE MAM FACTURED Ashley Phosphate o CharlestonSC Ashley Phosphate Co CharlestonS Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Furman Farm Imp Co East Pt Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston National Fertilizer Co Nashville Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport N J Imptd by Wileox it GibbsGuano Co Savannah Ga Pacific Guano Co Charleston S c Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston G Ober Sons o Baltimore Mil Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC Edisto Phosphate Co harleston SC Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Furman Farm Imp Co East Pt Ga Hammond Hull it Co Pt Royal SC Hammond Hull it Co Pt Roval SC C w T t K H S fee H C M c c w I o te o 904 15 300 500 250 100 400 25 50 100 500 50 100 12 150 ioo 15 10 10 1000 as 200 100 100 100 15 100 Wilcox Gibhs Guano Co Savh Langston Woodson Atlanta U W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co BaltimoreSavannah Guano Co Savannah Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah dGround Bone Ammonia and Potash G W Scott ct Co Best Acid Phosphate Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate 1375 800 1600 1350 1250 950 825 950 1375 080 450 950 950 1125 875 1625 700 840 220 210 035 120 150 175 1310 175 220 2050 1180 22110 175 175 300 065 100 185 065 100 635 800 1210 1200 900 1210 000 1210 635 380 510 125 155 155 190 520 1 90 380 1015 1310 lS5 1355 1055 1400 520 1400 1015 150 085 250 208S 2215 2oo 2U33 1390 1420 1280 1275 1285 1150 1156 2193 2100 780 2100 2088 Mfd for Langston WoodsonAtlanta G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Imptd by Jno Merrvman Co Bal National Dissolved Bone 150 1390 1420 1280 1275 1285 1150 1156 130 timore Md Imptd by Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Imported by Ashlev Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imported by Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Impd by Hammond Hull Co Savh Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Md Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Hammond Hull Co Savannah S W Travers Co Richmond Hammond Hull Co Savannah Langston Woodson Atlanta Winters Legg Marietta Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Hammond Hull fc Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Harrold Johnson Co Americus Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston J O Jelks Co Hawkinsville Walton Whann Co Charleston Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC Orchilla Guano National Guano ffOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate dP E Ground Bone Amm Potash im 415 285 515 685 205 S W Travers Co Richmoud Va Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Mfd lor Langston Woodson Atlanta Sterns Fertilizer and Chemical Mfg Co New Orleans La Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah jrPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate Slingluffs High Grade Acid Phosphate 1210 1210 825 1210 1145 1070 1175 1215 190 190 385 215 265 320 275 1 95 1400 1400 1210 1425 1410 1890 1450 1410 150 2100 2100 1815 213S 2115 2235 2175 2L15 Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Mass Imptd by Harrold Johnson Co Americus Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston SC Stono Phosphate Co Charleston SC A 15 Mayer Mfg Co St Louis Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston tRawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insolu ble though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely grouud bone meal is worth about S40 Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing m every respect identi calare sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a b c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter the same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same bulk Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediatelv available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily becomes avail able if from animal bone it becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable tor a considerable length of time Natu ral guanos and bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired H GO fed go C i O O fed w o fed fed GOCircular No 89 New Series SEASON OK 188687 ANALYSES COMMERCIAL VALUES COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEOKGIA DURING THE SEASON OF 188687 TO THE 19th FEBRUARY 1887 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE Commissioner ok Agriculture OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GA CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE 1887Circular No 89 Nsw Series j ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMER CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia to February 19 Season of 188687 Department or Agriculture Atlanta Ga March 1 1887 EXPLANATION OP THE TABLES OP ANALYSES The tables commencing on a succeeding page give the analyses and the calcula ted Eelatve Commercial Values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in this State during the season of 188687 to Feb ruary 19 VALUES OF ELEMENTS The usual correspondence has shown no material change in the market value 01 the valuable ingredients of fertilizers since last season Therefore the scale ot elemental values will remain the same as that of the season of 18856 as follow 104 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Available Pnosphoric Acid7 cents per pound Ammonia 16 cnts Per Pound Potash K O5 cents Per Pund These three elements are all that are taken into account in estimating the value of a fertilizer The commercial value of any fertilizer will depend on the amount and relative proportion of these elements that are found by analyses to be present in the fertilizer THE RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUE of a fertilizer is found by multiplying the number of pounds of the valuable elements in a ton by the price above fixed for each element and adding all together Relative commercial values are generally safe indicators of the com parative agricultural or practical values of different fertilizers to the farmer and they are calculated and published as a guide to the farmer in making his selection A high relative commercial value generally indicates high quality and vice versa STANDARD REQUIRED BY LAW The law prohibits the sale of an ammoniated superphosphate unless the manu facturer or dealer shall guarantee that it contains not less than two 2 per centum of ammonia and eight 8 per centum of available phosphoric acid and of an acid phosphate unless there be a guarantee of not less than ten 10 per centum ot available phosphoric acid These per centages must also be shown to be present by theofficial analysis of the State Chemist Eight per centum of available phosphoric and two per centum of ammonia will give in a ton Available Phosphoric Acid160 pounds Ammonia 40 pounds Total200 pounds These two elements in not less than the amounts just stated are all that a fer tilizer is required by law to contain Such a fertilizer is commonly called a Standard Fertilizer or Georgia Standard by the trade The relative com mercial value of a fertilizer is easily calculated when the analysis is known Take for instance a fertilizer that has the following analysis Available Phosphoric AcidU20 per cent Ammonia 230 per cent Potash K O 50 Per cent Now 1120 per cent of 2000 pounds 1 ton is 224 pounds phos phoric acid at 7J cents per pound 16 80 And 230 per cent of 2000 pounds is 46 pounds of ammonia at 16 cents per pound And 150 per cent of 2000 pounds is 30 pounds of potash at 5 cents per pound 1 50 Total value of one ton 25 66 A shorter method of calculating relative commercial values is as follows taking the same supposed analysis 11ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 5 Available Phosphoric Acid1120x1 12 16 80 Ammonia230x3 15 7 36 Potash150x1 1 50 Total 25 66 This rule is to multiply the percentage of phosphoric acid by 1J multiply the percentage of ammonia by 3 15 and the percentage of potash by 1 The product in each case is dollars and cents and the sum of the three products is the value ot a ton of the fertilizer 12TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals Etc Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188687 to February 19th 1887 TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphate of Lime KAMB OF BRAND Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Amerieus Aramd Bone Superphosphate Alkaline Guano rt Ashley Soluble Guano Ashley Cotton and Corn Compound Ashley Small Grain Specific Ashepoo Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Atlantic Fertilizer Auroa Ammoniated Phospho Baldwin Co Cotton Fertilizer Buffalo Bone Guano Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime Bone Compound Bryton Ammd Bone Superphosphate Coweta High Grade Fertilizer Cairo Guano Chesapeake Guano Colquitt Georgia Standard Guano Colquitt High Grade Guano Champion Ammoniated Superphosphate ACaswells Eagle Ammoniated Bone Chatham Guano 1100 1200 1050 1500 1125 1500 1200 1225 1050 1500 1150 900 550 000 1210 1550 1450 1200 1200 650 1425 1300 500 675 1090 750 1250 Phosphoric Ac o 3 93 3 Ol m t a o 3 a m M H 1 75 915 2 05 1120 0 65 900 320 12 20 2 55 550 0 75 11 25 0 85 610 1 55 1065 0 90 700 4 15 1115 1 10 640 430 1070 120 875 135 1010 sn 800 255 10 55 1 80 810 2 45 10 55 65 655 3 20 9 V 085 685 230 915 135 700 260 960 100 1110 2 05 1315 2 50 620 300 920 1 10 H25 190 1015 1 45 975 0 85 1000 75 820 1 81 10 05 1 00 700 410 11 10 2 00 850 160 1010 50 610 441 10 50 85 480 6 cm 1080 20 475 645 1120 100 900 1 SI 1080 110 900 175 10 75 250 885 1 11 1001 3 00 975 1 A 1140 100 925 150 1075 I 300 225 220 291 265 220 270 210 255 215 275 200 250 255 235 250 255 235 220 270 280 250 200 200 220 245 240 125 250 235 245 200 20H 220 215 200 160 300 185 5i 150 150 130 130 230 100 145 125 160 150 170 155 225 Sg g a A 2765 28011 2627 2771 2721 2509 2599 2470 2599 2311 2553 22 G5 2773 2446 2425 2540 2454 2547 2449 2021 2661 2005 2420 2435 2374 2649 2606 V a 50 200 200 25 25 25 ion 150 100 50 100 425 500 2011 100 250 600 100 20 200 100 200 10 10 20 50 100 FOR WHOM INSPECTED Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Williams Clark Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Ad ir Bros Co Atlanta Ga Tno D Weld Savannah Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Bradley Fertilizer CoBoston Mass W H M Goulding Baltimore Md Dainbman Bros Co Baltimore Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore II H Colquitt Atlanta Ga H H Colquitt Atlanta Ga P S Chappell Son Baltimore TD Caswell Augusta Ga DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Mfd for Adair Bros Co Detroit Williams Clark k Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Jno Merryman Co Barren I N Y Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Furman FarmlmprovemtCo E Pt Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Bradlev Fertilizer Co Boston Mass W H M Goulding Baltimore Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair Macon Ga Macon Ga Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md T D Caswell Augusta Ga DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C O H H a c w Q a H I o oCranes Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate 1150 Caswells Eagle Ammoniated Bone1400 Cha tahoochce Guano 650 C L M Co Ammoniated Bone 1500 Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime 1350 Crown Guano1400 dCrescent Bone Fertilizer L400 DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer 1225 Dissolved none Carolina 1480 itDixie Guano1400 Dissolved Animal Bone1075 Etiwan Ammoniated Superphosphate1050 Eulau Fertilizer1210 Etiwan Guano1625 Eclipse Guano1400 E Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphosphte 1050 Eddystone Guano1500 7Excelsior Guano1400 Enoree Fertilizer1410 itEinpire Guano1400 Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1050 dForest City Ammd Dissolved Bone1400 Furmaus High Grade Fertilizer 1320 1 Farmers Friend Fertilizer 1275 Farmers Favorite1225 Gossvpium Phospho1200 oGarrett ctZellars Amd Dissolved Bone 750 fiGarretts Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 750 Georgia State Grange Fertilizer1300 dGa State Standard Amd Superphosphate 1400 Georgia Pacific Guano 1300 iGiant Guano1400 Good Luck Guano1300 Gem Guano 1250 dGarnett Stubb Cos Amd Bone Supeip 1400 Homestead Guano 850 dHardees Cotton Boll1400 Home Mixture Guano 775 dHightower Cos Damascus Am DisBone 1400 lHope Guano1400 dJack Thompsons Amd Dissolved Bone 1400 Jonahs Gourd Guano 925 dJ E DeVaughns Amd Bone Superphos 1400 J T Hunts Favorite 900 J S Wood Bro Amd Dissolved Bone 1500 fcT S Wood Bro Amd Dissolved Bone 1400 J O Varnadoes Dissolved Amd Bone1425 itKing Guano1400 Katon Guano 650 2011 211 22 150 825 105 175 210 1511 225 125 175 125 101 4011 185 300 lio 140 225 225 175 110 140 075 200 075 07E 150 17 245 225 100 220 175 250 175 285 175 225 175 100 175 220 220 225 200 225 100 810 845 020 75 751 7U0 800 920 051 400 840 545 875 700 535 815 015 760 900 400 815 860 735 650 780 800 820 820 910 800 720 400 715 400 860 810 860 700 800 400 860 800 860 700 400 400 610 400 820 300 11 10 265 175 2688 1 95 1040 50 185 2545 380 10 00 200 340 2480 3 05 980 215 175 2333 2 80 1030 235 175 2472 220 920 240 18 2333 1 41 10 00 225 300 2520 1 05 10 25 61 220 2500 3 25 9 75 200 310 2118 5 35 9 35 215 130 2381 6 80 15 20 210 2952 5 70 9 15 220 140 2217 1 40 1015 265 215 2580 2 70 971 305 100 2591 4 05 9 40 245 170 2364 2 45 10 60 257 185 2597 401 10 75 240 145 2526 2511 1010 20 220 2391 0 11 20 25i 215 2711 5 35 9 35 265 130 2381 210 10 25 210 025 223 1 40 1000 225 800 2520 2 80 1015 334 280 2872 5 30 1180 260 2115 283V 3 30 11 10 220 210 2579 2 20 1020 300 210 2700 3 00 1120 265 190 2718 3 00 11 20 205 190 2718 1 45 1055 245 170 2537 1 40 10 00 225 300 2520 2 50 970 255 110 2381 5 35 935 205 130 2881 3 90 11 05 260 220 2710 0 30 10 0 215 250 2483 1 40 1000 225 800 2520 350 1100 390 2988 140 1000 22 300 2520 3 25 10 25 280 175 2009 1 40 1000 22 300 2520 5 35 935 26b 130 2381 1 40 1000 225 300 2520 1 75 9 75 221 210 2393 1 4 10 00 22o 800 2520 250 9 50 200 180 2245 5 30 K30 205 125 2368 5 35 935 26b 131 2381 375 985 22 221 2423 Rj85 935 26 131 2381 400 1220 200 190 2660 Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga T D Caswell Augusta Ga A N Daveiport LaGrange Ga Savannah Guauo Co Mivannah Ga Charles Ellis Savannah Ga Treadwell Abbott Co Atlanta Hammond Hull Co Savannah DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Raisin Fertilizer Co BaltimoreM0 Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Jno M Green Atlanta Ga Jno Merrymun Co Baltimore Jno M Green Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Adair Bros Co Atlanta Read Co New York Bradley Fertilizer Co BostonMass G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga P Romare Atlanta Ga P Romare Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Tupin Ogden tic Co Macon Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Readtfe Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Hammond ullCo Savannah Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Hammond HulKv Co Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Hammond Hull ct Co Savannah Butler Turner Camilla Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga J S Wood tfc Bro Savannah Ga J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Rome Oil Mills Fertr Co Rome J R Crane Elizabethport N J T D Caswell Charleston S C LaGrange Oil Mfg Co LaGrange Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me Bowker Fertilizer Co New York Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Deleon Guano Co Port Royal S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Dam Oman Bros Co Baltimore Md Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston htiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford E Frank Coe Barren Island N Y Clark Cove Gutno Co New Bedford Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Port Royal Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Furman Farm Improvemt Co E Pt Read Co New York Bradlev Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta Baldwin fc Co Port Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Read Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Michigan Carbon Works DetroitMich Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C RaWn Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md HammonSHull Co Pt Royal S C Butler Turner Camilla Ga Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd Raisin Feitilizer Co Baltimore Md Rome Oil Mills Fertilizer Co Rome K go is GO C O o S3 O t t1 1 is St H is IS Ed GO ITABLE No IContinued NAME OF BRAND Lowes Georgia Formula L C Dis Bone with Amm and Potash cL t R Ammoniated Guano tLockwood Cotton Grower ih C Dissd Bone with Am and Potash Listers Ammoniated Bone Phosphate L R Ammoniated Guano fcLion Guano Matchless Cotton Grower Mastodon Guano Miles I X L Amd Superphosphate Matchless Blood Bone and Potash Guano Nassau Guano Navassa Guano Orange Growers Special dOglethorpe Amd Dissolved Bone aOld Reliable tOriental Amd Bone Superphosphate Old Dominion Guano Oriental Bone Superphosphate Our Own Guano Owl Brand Guano Olympic Guano Oriole High Grade Fertilizer Pure Animal Bone High Grade Veg Fer Pure Peruvian Guano cPowhattan Raw Bone Superphosphate Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate Patapsco Guano dPort Royal Cotton Fenilizer jPatrons Amd Dissolved Bone P D Fertilizer Pelican Guano Pomona Guano 1080 117E 1375 750 1375 1250 1550 1400 725 1075 1175 1425 1425 1250 1315 1400 1050 750 1450 1350 1400 450 1400 925 875 1200 1375 1050 1075 1400 1375 1375 1400 1350 320 210 250 300 250 150 225 225 120 310 200 155 201 211 075 17 225 300 810 215 110 240 145 210 275 53 250 280 240 17 250 225 110 200 Phosphoric Acid 800 910 825 975 805 700 700 400 910 815 900 750 850 550 870 860 815 975 050 850 700 82 890 660 815 400 825 750 810 860 805 825 710 925 2 20 200 190 105 145 3 25 231 5 35 375 210 205 300 160 4 45 205 1 40 210 1 65 3 25 195 2 50 620 2 85 3 00 1 85 560 190 2 35 1 90 140 1 45 200 2 35 105 1020 1110 1015 11 40 1010 10 25 9 35 935 12 85 10 25 I 1 05 10 20 1010 9 95 10 75 10 00 10 25 II to 9 75 10 45 1010 9 45 11 25 1020 1000 10 20 1015 9 85 1000 1000 1010 1025 9 45 1030 a s 1 240 240 240 245 220 245 20 205 240 240 245 24 220 275 450 225 l0 215 28E 245 20E 200 255 230 000 747 240 200 2111 220 240 245 205 9 3 03 d a J3 a G3 P K 150 2448 200 2633 210 2501 155 2649 1511 2309 220 2542 200 2259 130 2381 210 2922 160 2166 200 2642 220 2579 185 2404 185 2 58 410 3103 300 2521 025 2235 155 2649 150 2305 200 2552 220 2391 175 2233 11 2714 1 60 2426 6 10 4318 275 1193 210 2501 0 2626 175 2443 300 2520 1 50 2300 1531 5 2127 200 2593 200 200 100 100 300 300 50 25 100 200 200 100 100 300 20 1000 SO 300 100 300 10 150 30 40 10 100 300 1000 200 50 12 100 FOR WHOM INSPECTED Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Langston Woodson Atlauta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Clarence Angier Atlanta la Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Listers Agl Chem Wks New Ark Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Raisin Fertil zerCo BaltimoreMd Orr Hunter Athens Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Langston A Woodson Atlanta Ga Orr Hunter Athens Ga Jno D Weld Savannah Ga Navassa Guano Co Wilmington Wilcox Gibus Guano CoSavannh Hammond Hull A Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah T D Caswell Augusta Ga Maddox Kuckerct Co AtlantaGa T D Cswell Aueusta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Norton Vandiver Home Ga Ashepoo P osphate Co Charleston Svmlngton Bros Co Baltimore Hammo d Hull A Co Savannah Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Lorr ntz Rittler Ballimore Md Walton Whann Co Charleston Patapsco GU4no Co Baltimore Ha mond Hull A Co Savannah Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Peterson Co Kort Gaines Ga DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mfd for Langston it Woodson Atlauta Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta Listers Agl Cheml Wks New ArK Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md orr A Hunter Augusta Ga Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mld for Langston Woodson Atlanta Orr Hunter New York Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Port Royal Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC T D Caswell Augusta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga T H Caswell Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Davie ct Whittle Petersburg Va Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Symington Bros ct Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Imported by The Wileox A Gibbs Gu ano Co Savannah Ga LoreLtz t Rittler Baltimore Mil Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Patapsco Gna o Co Baltimore Md Ham ond Hull A Co Pt Royal S C Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlmta Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Alabama Fenilizer Co Montgomery DeLeon Guano Co Pt Royal S C o H tsl Z H O O W i1 o tl a EC ri I c w aPlanters Soluble Bone Pendleton Ammoniated Superphosphate Patapsco Aind Soluble Phosphate APotoinac Guano Reliance Ammoniatel Superphosphate eSouth American Guano eSoluble Sea Island Guano Stonewall High Grade Arud Guano Soluble Pacific Guano 7Standard Amraouiated Bone Stono Soluble Guano fSamana Guano ffSparksI X L Amd Bone Superphos Standard Bone Super phosphate Star Brand Guano Special Cotton Fertilizer Soluble Sea Island Guano fcSouth American Guano iSparks I X L Amd Bone Superphosj Sea FowlGano iSterling Guano Symington Ammouiated Bone Slinglutfs Dissolved Bone Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime Tenuessee Superphosphate dTiftit Co Amd Superphosphate dW T Lane Bro Amd Dissolved Bone WalkersGold Dust Wilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano Wando Soluble Guano dWestons Amd Dissolved Bone Zeils Amd Bone Superphosphate IZclls Calvert Guano EZells Amd Bone Superphosphate 1450 1160 1275 1400 1100 1550 1550 850 1125 1400 1175 1450 1500 1350 900 800 1400 1400 1400 1475 750 1375 875 1100 1100 1400 1400 1125 1225 1400 1400 1200 1175 1175 300 175 150 225 465 300 300 125 225 110 130 310 220 220 100 250 225 22 225 17E 300 150 210 250 125 175 175 075 110 220 175 220 300 300 625 710 680 400 540 475 475 685 750 760 925 650 400 510 720 600 400 400 400 750 975 700 1005 705 840 860 860 000 615 815 860 655 650 650 355 98 329 380 535 570 600 600 390 255 250 245 325 530 610 3 65 320 535 535 535 265 1 65 230 240 310 230 140 140 225 290 220 1 40 310 330 330 10 39 10 935 910 1075 1075 10 75 1005 1010 1170 95 930 1120 1085 920 935 9 35 935 1015 1140 30 1245 1015 1070 1000 1000 11 25 9 05 1035 1000 9 65 9 980 220 300 225 265 235 275 275 243 280 205 285 235 265 200 240 255 265 265 265 260 245 235 300 235 255 225 225 241 245 240 225 220 250 250 180 200 130 130 160 160 160 250 2111 22H 125 150 125 135 220 8 30 130 130 130 120 1 200 225 175 300 300 210 305 200 300 150 100 100 23541 2718 2310 2381 2277 2653 2653 2640 2604 2391 2632 2365 2368 2155 2616 2526 2381 2381 2381 2475 2649 1347 2828 2500 2596 2520 2520 2682 2447 2521 2520 2302 2370 2370 200 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga 100 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga 100 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore 25 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore 50 Walton Whann it Co Charleston 100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore 100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore 20 Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savh 500 J O Mathewson Co Augusta 300 Savannah Guano Co Savannah 100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 300 Maddox RuckeritCo Atlanta 50 J S Wood it Bro Savannah Ga 40 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston 20 Cozart Burns it Co Washington 10 P S Chappell Son Baltimore 100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore 50 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore 25 J S Wood it Bro Savannah Ga 200 Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston 100 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 20 Symington Bros it Co Baltimore 8 Boykiu Carmer it Co Baltimore 115 G Oberit Sons Co Baltimore 12 National Fertilizer Co Nashville 50 Hammond Hull it Co Savannah 50 Hammond Hull it Co Savannah 100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 200 Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savh 100 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston 100 Hammond Hull it Co Savannah 20 Zell Guano Co Baltimore 10 Zell Guano Co Baltimore lolzell Guano Co Baltimore Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Pendleton Gnano Co Atlanta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisio Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Pacific Guano Co Woods Holl Mass Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Stono Phophate Co Charleston S C Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC Allison it Addison Richmond Va P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Symington Bros it Co Baltimore Md Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Md G Ober it Sons Co Baltimore Md National Fertilizer Co NashvilieTenn Hammond Hull it Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull it Co Pt Royal SC Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md M GO fed CO c fed Q O fed w a t1 fed fed N fed fed fTABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natukal Guanos Chemicals Etc Ashley Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ashley Acid Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Acid phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate with Potash Acid Phosphate without Potash Adalrs Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Bone Ash A T Heaths Soluble Bone i Acid Phosphate irtAshepoo Acid Phosphate Ashlej Dissolved Bone Atlantic Floats Atlantic Acid Phosphate Atlantic Dissolved Bone Atlanta Soluble Bone Acid Phosphate with Potash Brannons Soluble Guano Bowkeis Dissolved Bone Phosphate Curacoa Guano Natural Phosphate Chatham Acid Phosphate Charleston Acid Phosphate Dissolved Bone Phosphate Dried Blood Dissolved Bone Phosphate Diamond Soluble Bone Dis olved Bone Phosphate of Lime Dohbs Chemicals for Composting Dissolved S C Bone DeLeous Dissolved Bone Phosphate oEiisto Acidulated Rock 1500 1125 1110 1500 700 685 1215 1375 12 L475 1125 1420 lbioO 1650 1350 1100 1210 1350 1150 1375 1240 bum sliio 1225 950 1200 1150 1225 1050 100 145 100 085 065 060 060 175 110 140 050 150 21125 os 07 055 075 110 240 1025 060 120 250 i25 150 310 180 185 085 150 640 050 8 00 1010 16 00 1620 1215 10 55 9 20 11 90 11 60 10 50 920 1020 10 00 1280 s 2E 9 35 000 1050 81 1025 iiso 11 25 9 60 810 1050 11 1115 435 10 75 356 1805 320111 20 300 13 10 150 205 135 255 340 185 295 335 17 50 18 21 1350 1310 12 60 1375 1155 1385 370 12 90 121 M 40 430 1430 195 1476 255 II 80 370 13 05 025 320 290 115 L85 205 395 350 365 281 295 c 25 1370 1105 1440 riJiH I l 20 1355 II 60 14 15 II 20 1410 000 250 180 200 150 221 221 225 175 1080 185 230 150 O S a 2423 2138 2280 2115 2845 2738 2025 2185 2115 2063 2358 2078 2035 2160 2115 2398 2200 2108 2 bs 23 125 201 25 25 511 50 500 500 100 100 51 100 100 100 50 500 300 1000 2000 12 100 2055 1783 2160 2L54 2130 2033 1940 2123 2130 2115 FOR WHOM INSPECTED Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Walton Whann Co Charleston Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Ashepno Phosphate Co Charleston Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S i Atlantic Phos Co Charleston SC Atlantic Phos Co Charleston SC The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga GeorgiaChemicl Wks Augusta Ga National Fertilizer Co Nashville Jno D Weld Savannah Ga 20 50 100 50 25 50 200 500 50 20 50 50 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S C J O Mathewson Co Augusta Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Walton Whann C Charleston J O Mathewson Co Augusta Walton Whann CoCharleston Dambman Bro Co Baltimore DeLeon Guano Co Savannah iEdisto Phosphate Co Charleston BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Furman Farm Impt Co East Pt Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Atlantic PhosphteCo Charleston S C Atlantic PhosphteCo Charleston S C Atlantic Phosphte Co Charleston S C The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga National Fertilizer Co Nashville Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport N J Ituptd by Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C Walton Whann Co Charleston S C Dambman Bros Co Baltimore DeLeons Guano Co Port Royal S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C O d H p i H o O W M a ej t1 H a w I Q O W oEdisto Dissolved Bone Edisto Acid Phosphate Etiwan Aminoniated Dissolvod Bone Ezells Dissolved Bone eEnglish Dissolved Bone Etiwan Acid Phosphate rtEutau Acid Phosphate Etiwan Dissolved Bone English Dissolved Bone XXX English Acid Phosphate Eagle Acid Phosphate 7Eale Acid Phosphate ftE Frank Coes Acid Phosphate Euoree Acid Phosphate Furman Farm Impt Co Acid Phosphate Farish Furmans Formula Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate Georgia State Standard Djsd Bone Phos Ground Fish Scrap dGround Bone Ammonia and Potash G W Scott Co Best Acid Phosphate Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate i oHightowers CosDamascusDissd Bone 00 Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate AHigh Grade Acid Phosphate 1050 1200 1075 1275 1625 1400 1426 910 850 1375 1125 1100 1225 1575 850 1150 950 950 1375 800 1000 1350 950 1250 1225 Home Fertilizer Chemicals Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Lowrys Standard Fertilizer Longs Prepared Chemicals 1075 1050 150 135 050 060 lOO 065 050 121 035 090 085 075 200 100 035 085 175 1 220 210 035 120 1 210 200 275 300 1115 945 900 1275 1145 900 1160 1125 1400 1175 1020 12 1010 1125 1115 715 1210 1210 635 800 1210 1200 1210 1000 1010 550 S00 205 340 225 190 265 410 295 350 220 235 365 195 315 250 215 525 190 190 380 510 125 155 190 305 315 1410 1285 1125 1165 11 ic 1310 14 55 II 16 20 1410 1385 14 1325 1375 1110 12 40 1 100 1400 IoiH 1310 1335 13 55 1100 1365 1325 4 320 1030 1120 125 150 175 131 175 250 185 904 150 075 2115 2078 220 2198 2115 2095 2358 2215 2430 2115 2328 2398 1988 2248 2115 2180 2100 2100 085 250 715 1390 1420 12 1275 12 1150 1156 1370 1420 1350 075 230 20S8 2215 2003 2033 2100 2048 1988 2875 1390 1420 12S0 1275 12S5 1150 1156 1370 1420 1350 2020 1010 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 60 100 100 100 150 500 200 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston Edisto Pho4hate Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Savannah Guano Co Savannah Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Savannah Guano Co Savannah Pope Fleming Augusta Ga T D Caswell Augusta Ga T D Caswell Augusta Ga Too Merryman Co Baltimore Md Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC dair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah 15 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh 300 Langston Woodson Atlanta 500 G W Scott Co Atlanta 250 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 100 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore 50 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 100 Navassa Guano Co Wilmingtn NC 400 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore 10 Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore 400 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh 25 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston 50 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 100 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 500 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 50 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore 100 Savannah Guano Co Savannah 500 Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga 50 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C 100 Jno D Weld Savannah Ga 20 Chesipeake Guano Co Baltimore 6 J R Long Baltimore Md Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Go Charleston Tniptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Imptd by W T Seward Co Savh T D Caswell Charleston S C T D Caswell AugustaGa Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti more Md Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston S C Furman Farm Impt Co EastPt Ga Furman Farm Impt Co East Pt Ga Hammond Hnll Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti more Md Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Navassa Guano Co Wilmiugton N C Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti more Md Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Imptd by Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Imported by Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imported by Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imptd by Hammond Hull Co Savh Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti more Md Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Imptd by Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Imptd bv Atlantic rhos Co Charles ton S C Imptd by Bowker Fertilizer Co ETiza bethport N J Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md J R Long Baltimore Md t1 Kj GO GO o n a o w a ii f w TABLE No II Continued NAME OF BRAND Lsters Harvest Queen Fertilizer Listers Celebrated Ground Bone iLockwoods Acid Phosphate Magnolia Acid Phosphate National Dissolved Bone Nassau Dried Bone Phosphate gOglethorpe Acid Phosphate o Orchilla Guano Natural Guano ffOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate 0 K Dissolved Bone and Potash dP E Ground Bone Ammonia and Potash tPure Raw Ground Bore 1100 1000 1250 1375 950 825 950 900 1375 Pure Animal Bone Meal and Potash Pure Animal Bone Meal gPort Royal Acid Phosphate oPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate Palmetto Acid Phosphate iP D Acid Phosphate P oneer Acid Ihosphate Pomona Acid Phosphate Phosphate Potash ad Ammonia Potasli cid Phosphate Raisins Phosphate Slingluffs High Grade Acid Phosphate Sunny South Acid Phosphate eStonewall English Acid Phosphate Stono Acid Phosphate 700 185 10 70 1025 Phosphoric Acid 145 1925 075 075 150 075 175 1310 1 215 220 2050 100 740 1280 1325 900 10 50 12 10 000 1210 1100 6 35 195 155 1 310 190 520 190 280 380 11 45 190 190 250 250 350 305 375 295 615 38 215 265 320 1475 1480 1055 1360 1400 520 1400 1380 1015 1400 1400 1375 1375 11 50 13 55 1000 11 10 1375 12 10 14 25 1410 1390 155 415 150 lrn 415 285 515 100 1S5 235 130 210 0S5 1205 185 185 175 i 225 150 2198 2455 2193 2440 2100 780 2100 2760 2088 2100 2100 22 IS 22 IS 1900 2033 2090 1890 2003 1815 2138 2115 2235 100 2011 12 ion Listers Agricultural and Chemical Works New Ark N J Listers Agricultural and Chemical Works New Ark N J Clarence Angier Atlanta Orr Hunter Athens Ga Ed McDonald Cuthbert Ga Jno D Weld Savannah 200 150 40 50 51 140 111 30 2011 1110 lllll FOR WHOM INSPECTED Hammond Hull Co Savannah S W Travers Co Richmond Hammond Hull Co Savainah Orr Hunter Athens Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Winters Lcgg Marietta Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC Ashepoo Phos Co hareston SC Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Ma Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Jno M Green Atlanta Ga BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Harrold Johnson k Co Americas Stono Pnotphale Co Charleston Listers Agricultl and Chemical Works New Ark N J Listers Agricultl and Chemical Works New Ark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Orr Hunter Augusta Ga National Fertilizer Co Nashville Bowkers Fertilizer Co Elizabethport N J Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal SC S W Travers Co Richmond Va Hammond Hull Co St Royal S C Orr Hunter Augusta Ga Mfd for Laugston Woodson Atlanta Sterns Fertilizer and Chemical Mfg Co New Orleans La Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah U ilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Port Roval SC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston SC Ashepoo Phosphte Co Chariest n SC Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C Pendieton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Mass Imported by Harrold Johnson t Co Americus Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C 0 H IS o Q W M O d d w I o o W OStono Dissolved Bone 840 065 1175 275 14502175 Sovereign Guano1575 275 805 325 1130 050 300 2155 Standard Acid Phosphate Sterling Acid Phosphate Soluble Bone Dust Tankage gW H Brithams Dissolved Bone Phos ffW stons Dissolved Bone Phosphae Walkers Dissolved Bone Wando Dissolved Bone Wando Acid Phosphate Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone XX Acid Phosphate 1250 1100 900 950 950 1245 1650 1750 1100 1300 120 0 050 175 1 110 060 070 150 100 815 1280 1520 1210 1210 810 1150 1155 1000 1215 295 195 205 190 190 305 300 290 235 195 11 10 14 75 17 as 1400 1400 11 15 14 50 1445 1235 1410 125 120 185 125 im 17S5 23 98 2100 2100 1798 2175 2168 2513 2115 100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 250 Jno M Green Atlanta Ga 100 110 1O0 15 100 loo 100 100 100 Sotio Phos Co Charleston S C Clarence Angier At anta Ga Rogers Worsham Co Macn Ga J O Jelks Co Hawkinsville Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savant ah Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Walton Whann Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Mass Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga A B Mayer Manufng Co St Louis Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Sono Phosphate Co Charleston SC Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston t Raw bnne or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insoluble though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 40 Duplicate Brands In some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeingin every respect identical are sold u der different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a b c etc prefixed to the samethose having the same letter the same table being identical are sacked and shipicd from the same bulk Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediately available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily b conies available if from animal bone it becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural guanos and bones I ave therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired f Kj CO SI GO c Q O o Ed fCIRCULAR No 90 1 New Series i CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1887 SHOWING THE ACREAGE AND CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS THE FIRST OF MAY AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA T T HE3TlDE2S01r ATLANTA GEORGIA Constitution Publishing Company 1887Circular No 90 New Series f CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1887 Returned to the Department of Agriculture May 11887 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Mat 9 1887 j GENERAL REMARKS The reported condition of the crops as will be seen by reference to the tabulated statement on page 6 is decidedly better than that of last year at this date with the single exception of cotton which is reported the same There is also an increase in the acreage of most of the provision and supply crops The area in corn agreeing with that of last year is two per cent above the average of the last five years That of the oat crop though still not equal to the average is increased 14 per cent above the crop of last year The reported condition of stock of all kinds and more particu larly the work stock is better than that of any year since 1883 The cases of cholera mentioned by the correspondents is restricted to a few localities and the disease seems to be less virulent than at any time before for the last three years CORN The acreage is reported in North Georgia 104 in Middle and Southeast Georgia 101 and in Southwest and East Georgia 102 274 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The prospect of the crop in comparison with the average of fivo years is in North Georgia 101 in Middle Georgia 91 in South west and East Georgia 93 in Southeast Georgia 98 and in the whole State 95 The condition of the crop is four points better than that of the crop of last year at this date OATS The acreage compared to an average is reported 88 and the prospect 85 The proportion of the crop now standing that was sown in the Fall is in North Georgia 11 per cent in Middle Georgia 19 in Southwest Georgia 22 in East Georgia 38 and in Southeast Georgia 71 The condition and prospect of the crop is nine points better than was the report of last year at this time WHEAT The acreage compared to the average acreage of this crop is reported 78 per cent and the prospect 92 The acreage agrees with that of last year and the prospect in North and Middle Georgia to which the crop is mainly confined is very much higher than that of last year at this time COTTON The acreage is in North Georgia 101 in Middle and Southwest Georgia 99 in East Georgia 98 in Southeast Georgia 102 and in the whole State 100 The planting owing to the exceptional character of the soason has been late in all the sections except in East Georgia It is four days later than the average time in North Georgia five days in Middle Georgia six days in Southwest and about two weeks in Southeast Georgia The prospect of the crop is reported in North Georgia 99 in Middle Georgia 87 in Southwest Georgia and in East Georgia 92 and in Southeast Georgia 90 In North Georgia 16 per cent of the crop was up on the first of this month in Middle Georgia 24 in Southwest Georgia 52 in East Georgia 37 and in Southeast 75 per cent making about 46 per cent of the whole crop of the State There has been little rain since the planting and in consequence there is only about fourfifths of a good stand in the portion of 28MAY CROP REPORT1887 5 the crop now up The prospect notwithstanding is reported as high as that of last year at this date MISCELLANEOUS CROP There is a decided increase in the acreage of sugarcane rice clover and grasses over that of last year This amounts with sugarcane to about 20 per cent with rice to about 6 per cent and with clover and grasses to 7 per cent FRUIT The peach crop is nearly an entire failure in North and Middle Georgia In Southern and Southwest Georgia there is a pros pect of about a half crop and in the other Southern sections some what less than a half crop The prospect of the apple crop is re ported about twothirds of an average that of the pear about one third The prospect for the grape crop is reported 95 or nearly a full crop CASH AND TIME PRICES While it is gratifying to note an increase in the acreage of pro vision crops and a general improvement in the condition of stock still the reports indicate that some of our farmers are opening ac counts and buying supplies on time thus creating an incubus that with even the most propitious seasons and the most fruitful harvest they will be unable to throw off in the fall The average cash price for corn is 68c and the time price 92c353 per cent for a credit of hardly more than four months 29DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA oo oo O M O Ph O o II H P i O O O I3 I a i 181 Xbk puBq no Abh jo Addns pnj b jo inso ao 1S iuft pneq no ujoo jo AddllS jpnj JO 1U90 J9J isj Avfi ujoq ioj pqsnq jod aiud lip9JQ j isi auk J03 IOJ loqsnq i9d aoiij usbo IB9A 19B OI p9JBdiaOD sags jo sfloiipos jojgqumx I JB9A 1SB 01 pSilfdlUOD noiS IJQAV JO nompuog I 8 8 8 3 jboa iSBi oi pgaBduioa d99gs jo uoiiipuo sodJO j 8 SJB9J 3 S8ddv I w c s9q9B9j 2 g 5 I 3 SB SIB9A Q JO 9JJBJ9AB UB OJ poxoduioo joadsoa I bivoa y jo aSwjoAB an oi paiuduioo aSyajoy 8IB9A q JO 98BJ9AB UB OJ p9mdsioD bSwojov 8IB9A jo obj9ab a oi paiBdtnoD oSbsiov g 38 SJB9A fi JO 93BI9AB Ut O pajBdmoj PCBIR I sjbbA g JO oSbjoab ub 01 pojBdmoo Sbiov I ptiBis pooSB oi paiBdmoo puig I 1st ABjf du dojj aqi jo 11190 j 8JB9A J JO 9J3BI9AB UB 01 pjBdmoj iDdsojj I yiB9A 5 JO 9SBI9AB UB OJ poiBdmoo aSBoioy j SIBOA q JO 93BJ9AB UB OI pajBdiaoo loodsoij SIB9X Q JO 93BI9AU UB OJ pSJBdaioo oSbojdy cs r i F llj oqj m pdjoe 8bm jBqi I 3iiipuBjsMond6i9qt jo fo J9 j BJB9A Q JO 02BJ9AB UB 01 poiBduioo lOddsojf 8IB3A q JO 93RI9AB UB 01 paiBdpjoo 9Sbojov i WJB3C q JO o3BI9AB UB 01 pOJBdlUOO lOOdeOJ I SJB9A y JO oauidAB tIB OJ pDJBdaio aSBOJoy 3 3 s s a j3 o MAY CROP REPORT1887 LOCATION OF ORCHARDS FOR AN UNFAILING PEACH CROP In the partial failures of the peach crop the particular orchards or trees that escape the effects of frosts are generally the same in each recurrence of such failure Orchards having this immunity from frosts are found here and there throughout the State A careful observation of the topographical feature of tbe places thus favored in this respect would enable the fruit growers to locate orchards so as to give much more certainty to this crop For the purpose of calling more general attention to this ques tion and to get the observation of a number of persons in all sections of the State the following inquiry was made of the cor respondents of this Department If peach orchards in your county have escaped frost while the fruit is killed in other situations please give the location of such orchards relative to ridges mountains or water courses If situated on ridges or mountains state whether on the slopes or the crest of the same and give the height above the valleys or surrounding country also state what exposure whether a northern southern eastern or western exposure has greatest immunity from frosts In the answers which are here appended nearly all agree in stating that the fruit least injured is on the high grounds The influence of the direction of the slope of hill while it may effect to a limited extent the time of blooming is a factor of little im portance in comparison with that of its altitude above the sur rounding country The topographical positions that prove best for the certainty of the crop are 1 Mountain sides from the base to the altitude of 800 feet regardless of direction of slope 2 Narrow valleys and coves sheltered by high mountains 3 Narrow areas skirting the base of high mountains on all sides 4 Ridges or hills and escarp ments of tablelands 100 to 800 feet above adjacent valleys 5 Borders of large streams and lakes There may be conflicting influences modifying the results of the conditions here named in some sections and the places best suited for orchards should be determined for each locality from observa tion This may be done any frosty morning by comparing the relative intensity of frost in different situations or for different 31 THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORGIADEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA altitudes the relative density of dews at any season may b taken as a guide as the severe frosts and heavy dews pertain alike to the same altitudes The correspondents with few exceptions who have failed to observe differences due to location live in sections where there is but little inequality of surface but even in South Georgia where the country in general is nearly level this difference is well establishedthe place of greatest exemption being about the upper portion of the slopes adjacent to river valleys It will be readily perceived that the facts here adduced have their application not only to the peach crop but to all fruits and vegetables subject to injury from late Spring frosts The following are the Notes from Correspondents on the situa tion of such orchards as have been least affected by the late frost NORTH GEORGIA BanksAs far as I know the peach crop is all killed W H Ash There are one or two orchards in my settlement on elevated places that escape frost every year Geo W Wiley BartowThe peaches have escaped on the very high elevated lands The best situation seems to he on the crest of the ridges A F Wooley ChattooqaThough some orchards on very high lands entirely escaped frost others are all killed generally those on south side of mountains and ridges J J P Hknky Some near heavy woodland has more than in open fields W F Tait CatoobaNo peaches in the valleys and few on ridges except on eastern slope of Taylors Ridge which is about 300 feet high CherokeeAll the peaches in this pan of the country are on elevated ridges the more the fruit M S Paden The most elevated lands are best for peaches only on very high land have any escaped trost these are generally exposed to western winds J J A Sharf CobbHigh locations are best and especially BUch as are swept by north and northwest winds J Y Alexander A northwest exposure with woods west to cut oft wind will always be saved Wm Alston Jr Highest points with southern exposure J J Grker DadbOrchards situated on mountains and high ridges have escaped frost 32MAY CROP REPORT1887 to a great extent also those on east base of mountain have considerable fruit W S Taylor Only one orchard in the county has escaped the ravages of frost that is on a ridge between the two mountains Lookout and Sand On the slope facing east there never has been known to be an entire failure of peaches This is known as Pudding Ridge G A R Bible DawsonOn ridge lands where a small per cent of timber has been cut out we have peaches usually a full crop but small this year This ridge land is from one to two hundred feet above the water courses and valleys As to exposure have noticed but little difference Southern slopes seems to have withstood the frost best this spring though heretofore the crest or ridges with northwest exposure from one to three hun dred feet above water courses have been the surest A J Logan FloydFruit in this sectionwas killed on hills and valleys by freeze Ino H Dent Fifty to one hundred feet elevation eastern and southern exposure have greatest immunity from frosts W S Sanford ForsythTrees on southern slopes or hill sides escape the killing effects of frostsay from ten to twentyfive feet above the valleys Thomas L Sims GlLMBRThe freeze was so severe that peaches was killed in all localities Frost that usually kills on water courses does not kill on elevated southeast ex posures N L Osborn GordonSome few orchards have escaped situated on the south or south west side of a mountain or ridge protected by skirts of timber though not much elevated N B Hall GwinnettAll that are left are on ridge land and bound on north side by forest Orchards on elevated ridges have some fruit The higher the elevation the more fruit Orchards on level or low land have but little fruit This is true of peaches hut not of apples A high hill for peaches a valley for apples is an old adage and a true one K D Winn Orchards on the Peachtree road in full view of the Blue Ridge have never failed within the memory of the oldest inhabitant This ridge is five miles long east and westthree miles south of Sewanee JacksonPeaches are generally killed and the lucky places with the bal ancemy orchard an exceptionis on a gradually rising ridge facing the east 100 to 150 feet above the valley D J Sanders MurrayThe western slope of Fort Mountain about 500 feet above the common country has about 40 per cent of crop 3310 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PauldingSee no difference in location Scarcely any late or middle variety 25 per cent of the early or June variety has escaped frost J P McBrazke PickknsOn ridges southern slope from 200 to 300 feet Ems R Alrkad PolkPeach trees on high hills or mountains over 300 feet ahove sur rounding country have very little fruit while the low lands have none at all S M H Byrd RauuwMy observation is that the few orchards that have fruit are exposed to the south and east on ridges or coves F A Blecklky There are some peaches on the mountains above the fog line which runs along the sides of the mountains about half way from the bottom of the valley to the top of the mountains A southern slope is least liable to frost Edward Sitton TownsAll the peaches that hare escaped frost this season are in orchards on the sides of the mountains and mostly on the northern slope from 200 to 300 feet above the valley lands M J Brown There is a certain height along our mountains that peaches are not killed by frost and the crop may be considered certain unless there is a severe freeze which does not happen more than once in twenty years J N Gibson UnionNot killed on tolerably high ridges lying to the south C F Parks WalkerVery few orchards have escaped mostly those on the mountain Does not depend on exposure J A Clkment WhitfieldThere are but two orchards near me that have escaped frost These are on high hills about 150 feet above the valleys they are onjslopes near the crest one northern and the other northeastern exposure Most escape on elevations say 200 feet without regard to slope or expo sure MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinSuch as have escaped are on ridges protected by woods on the ortn Henry C Vinson BiubAll fruit near the river or large creek is killed On high ridges es pecially southern slopes there is nearly a full crop W D H Johnson ButtsWhat fruit is left is on the high ridges or water sheds or red lands H C Thaxton CampbellEarly blooming varieties suffered most this spring without re gard to location henoe northern exposures being later suffered less J J Beall CarrollNearly all orchards that have peaches are on eastern slopes or rrdges those on northern slopes or on low flat places arc all killed M R RusSKirMAY CROP REPORT188T 11 ClaytonMost of the trees on hills from 20 to 40 feet above valleys and water courses are full The favorable localities are northwestern slopes where there are no wind brakes or woods to shelter trees from winds causing a dry atmospkere J C H Snekd ClarkOnly a Cew trees on the highest hills with northwest exposure lias a crop R T Pitta mi CowktaOn ridges sheltered by forest on north side 100 feet above water courses Wii A Smith Some late blooming varieties have a few peaches irrespective of locality and others on crest of ridges Southwest exposure also have a few A W Stokes DouglasOn the crest and north slope of ridges say 75 to 100 feet above the valleys John G Maxwkll ElbbrtWe have no mountains what peaches have escaped are on crest and southwestern exposure of hills Peaches protected on north and west by dense forests have escaped J L Thornton HbardThe killing as far as I know has been general J B Warm HbnryThe poaches that have escaped are on south slope of hills pro tected by woodland J A C Wynn HarrisNorthern and western exposures have in this section greatest immunity from frosts Orchards on crests of hills are injured hut little J B Patk HancockOrchards on high red lands or knowls there are some poaches on the grassy or table level lands all are killed J W Cawthon LincolnThe fruit has escaped in the vicinity of Graves Mountain a high elevuted plateau in the western part of the county and no where else J M Dill All peaches that escaped frost are on high dry sandy ridges clay land and low places near streams are killed early varieties are more abundant than late N A Crawford McDuffikPeach Tree Ridge a height onehalf to two miles wiie by four to ten long makes a crop of peaches nine years out of ten When orchards are protected north and west by pines the crop is good A E Sturgts MorganAll killed except some aarly varieties J H Gaissbrt KbwtonOrchards on ridges with eastern or southern exposure are not so gnerally killed All orchards with heavy timber protection north and wast have more or less fruit L P Livingston Prom observation and energy in the localities where a few peaches apples and pears etc are left the trees are on slopes facing northeast on high ridges Early varieties suffered less than the late T A Walkbr 8512 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA RookdalkLocalities does not seem to effect a great difference James T Stansell SpauldingOn high dry hills some orchards have 75 per cent of peaches S F Gray Talbot I see no difference 8 A Freeman Some fruit killed in all locations Less on high ridges Where protected by trees or hills on north the fruit is worse killed more moisture generating Daniel G Owen TaliaferroHave seen few peaches except where protected by being near a house On some trees so protected I observe a full crop Lionel L Veazey UpsonThe vicinity of Yatesville is on the ridge thas divides the Atlantic and Gulf waters and we have here some peaches among late blooming varie ties A JYates WaltonPeach orchards near water courses nsarly all killed those with southern slope the least damaged J N Gresham Warren No peaches except a few early varieties James A Shivers SOUTHWEST GEORGIA CHATTAiioocnEKPeach trees on high hills and on light clay subsoil seem to have most fruit North to western exposure is best from 100 to 200 feet above creeks All killed on low grounds F V Schley Peaches on low land a failure on upland very good Fruit on high ridges has escaped while on low land it has been killed North exposure best VV J Cook ClayOn highest pine land there will be about half a peach crop T E Speight ColquittOrchards most elevated have greatest immunity from frosts F J Walker DeoaturI know of no place near me where the fruit is entirely killed Mrs B A Campbell has an orchard on a high hill 150 feet that never fails Flint River is about one and a half miles north and small creeks south and west W B McDaniel HoustonThere are no high hills but elevated lands with north exposure fruit best wM J Andersoic MaconOn red stiff lands the peach trees retain their fruit better than on sandy soil Slopes have no appreciable effect J B Murray MarionPeaches on highest elevations with a northern exposure have suffered least while low flat lands with southern exposure have been killed worst B T Peacock 36MAY CHOP REPORT1887 18 Scarcely any fruit in the county has been injured The most elevated locations are always less damaged by frost G W C Munko SchleyAll on low lands is entirely killed It is only on high elevation that there will be any fruit E S Baldwin TaylorWitcher Level in the southwestern part of the county about 50 to 75 feet above the valleys around and containing some 2500 acres red land has a full crop in all the orchards on it D R Brown TerrellFruit is less liable to injury from cld on dry high land C G Hill ThomasNorthwest winds being too cool for fruit to stand this spring those on the ridges lost those on the flats is only a half crop L H Plazor EAST GEORGIA JeffersonThe crop Was killed entirely on low places and adjoining river courses On high ridges with western exposure the crop has sustained little damage Thos Hardaway Orchards near the water courses are apt to have the fruit killed while those at some distance protected by forests on north and west have great im munity from frost J E Adkins The peaches not killed are where the soil is stift and gravelly and near large trees which is a great protection A E Tarver WashingtonOrchards on ridges have escaped in valleys have suffered badly W A Snellinq All the yellow varieties appear to be killed Orchards with northern ex posure lying on high ridges escaped injury best H N Hollifield WilkinsonAll fruit on low lands is almost totally killed The crop on high places is mostly good Jas A Mason OconeeOn dividing ridges between water courses R L Durham ChathamPeaches only on the Savannah river or other water courses have partially escaped frost BryanThe only peaches that escaped are near water courses or heavy forests P W Williams LibertyOnly those protected on the northwest by walls or dense forests have escaped 3714 DKPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGBORG1A LECTURE Kheroical Fertilizers Judged by the Past Prof GEORGE VILLE TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD Gbntlkmkn The object of these meetings is always the same our effort tend always to the samo object viz to find the most fruitful conditions of cul tivating the soil Until now the pivot of my studies has been a profound study of the condi tions and laws which determine favor and regulate the sources of vital activity Today I intend to follow another path I propose at first to have the practical side and make an excursion into history to find what progress was made by the agricultural arts of the past what is their exact meaning in what measure this progress affects our present efforts and how these efforts are the continuation and as it were the crowning of the past In fact gentlemen go as far back as you may in the paths of tradition what do you find That wherever man has commenced to live at a society he ha sought conditions of existence by two parallel methods of culture Has he first begun by founding permanent establishment Guided by a kind and infallible instinct he chose by preference to seek alluvial soilsthe sides of hills the bottoms of valleys seamed by numerous streams of water or the borders of large rivers There all the art of agriculture was shown in one fact irrigation born of the observation of the good effects of natural overflows Egypt still shows an example of this system striking by its age as well as by the importance of its results But this method of culture to which newborn societies had recourse was not the only method The vast plateaus of Central Asia and several parts of Africa held a large nomadic population grouped in tribes What was the agricultural system under such conditions 38MAY CROP BKPOKT1887 1 A culture limited to barley and wheat alternating with a long fallow and numerous herds fed by the free run of immense spaces Now what from the standpoint ot the science of our time is the signifi cance of these two methods of primitive culture A tacit acknowledgement that we must give back to the soil a part of that which we took from it We did not know exactly what we took from it but experience taught we must make an act of restitution a necessary act without which there was no durable crop At one point by irrigation and at another by use of stock and by fallow By irrigation there is an importation of foreign matter by the fallow and use of stock the restitution originates from the soil itself and is the result of a better utilization of existing resources But observe the supreme reason dominating all others is the tacit acknowl edgment that the earth is provided but in limited quantities with the sub stances that vegetation must find there and they must be given to the soil so as to maintain its fertility As the population increased these two systems became insufficient it was necessary to cultivate regions where irrigation was impossible and where the pastoral sytem did not suit by reason of the enormous spaces it required Then the people experieiced from an agricultural point of view one of the greatest methods of progress that history records The triennial system wa inaugurated resulting in a fusion of the two systems Of what does the triennial system consist In dividing the land into two nearly equal parts The first kept in meadow that irrigation fertilized the second devoted to the production of the cereals but with this express reservation that the land be left fallow one year in every two or three years You see consequently the triennial system is but the fusion of the two primitive systems the pastoral method and irrigation whieh could not be seperately applied but under special conditions of place and soil How in the new system is the recognized restitution to be given By the same processes The meadow receive from irrigation and atmospheric influences the equivalent of what it had lost The restitution to the part cultivated in the cereals is given by manure originating from the hay of the meadow and the straw of the cereals From this union sprung the celebrated formula of meadow stock cereals Certainly a fruitful formula but absolute despotic attacking individual lib erty like the Feudal system whose interests it served and of which it reflects the character Here we will stop gentlemen and define with more precision than the past has done the bearing and true signification of this restitution The universal experience from the triennial system has demonstrated that after more or less oscillation the average crop of the cereals is 1080 lbs of grain per acre 18 bu and 1628 lbs of straw 27C lbs total ol crop per acre and per annum 3916 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA Here is a well established point under the empire ot the triennial system the earth produced a yearly average in round numbers of 3000 pounds On the other side what is the necessary quantity of manure to assure this production Practice answers 6000 pounds per acre and per annum So with 6000 pounds of manure we are certain of growing an annual crop of 3000 pounds Well if wo could maintain the expression of these two terms as I am ex pressing them all would be simple and clear for the crop will be less than the manure and the soil receives more than it loses But things do not go on this way In the 6000 pounds of manure there are 4646 pounds of humidity which must positively be subtracted in order to have an exact balance which then brings us to the two terms 0P2708 lbs Manure1354 os Excess of crop1351 lbs So one of manure gives two of crop It is not without a motive that I bring you to this conclusion It is not 1 who speak but a tentimes consecrated tradition and that tradition af firms in its universality that with one of manure we get two of crop with 100 200 with 1000 2000 and consequently that we obtain more from the soil than we give it But the agriculture of today seeks to throw aside the triennial system A grand progress was made at the close of the last century Practical experience has proved that we may suppress the fallow and by the practice of alternating wheat with clover and opening the rotation with Irish potatoes we obtain these two results a superior crop of wheat and a larger sum total Thee new combinations of cultivation maintain the yield as high as by the old system But now under these new conditions how is the restitution to be accom plished Exactly as in the triennial rotation The ground in Irish potatoes and wheat receives manure while the meadow is kept up by irrigation This system however is much more productive than the first Why Because the soil is never inactive and one and a half if not two in four crops the clover and Irish potatoes is consumed on the farm The following is the order of succession in this rotation First year Irish potatoes Second year wheat Third year clover Fourth year wheat The soil is never at rest no more fallow and the general average is higher The crop of grain from the cereals rises from eighteen to twentyefght bushels and the straw from 1628 pounds to 2219 pounds This bringsthe annual crop from the triennial system of 3000 pounds up to 5000 pounds So this system is a great progress over the triennial system The advantage of crop which we wish to prove is not the only one we find one of equal importance in the production of manure 40MAY CROP REPORT1887 17 In the triennial system the quantity of available manure was 6000 pounds per acre and per annum representing 1354 pounds of dry matter The alter nate rotation raises the production in four years to 38720 pounds making the annual quota 9t80 pounds expressed in its turn by 2004 pounds of dry matter If the rotation is decidedly superior to the triennial system there is one point on which its testimony is a little confused Here again with one of manure we make two of crop Alternate rotations lead us to exactly the same conclusions since with 2004 pounds of manure per acre we obtain in reality 5000 pounds of crop per acre and per annum and that this result is none the less steadfast If you are obedient to the laws of the triennial system the returns are main tained indefinitely at the same point Follow with the same care the rules for alternate rotation and the crops are equally maintained From whence we have the invariable conclusion that with one of manure we have two of crop always twice more of crop than of amount of manure used What is the conclusion we must draw from this fact borrowed from authen ticated history This that in the act of agricultural production it is an error to believe it necessary to give the soil weight for weight pound for pound atom for atom of the substances of which it has been deprived For even when operating with manure a partial restitution is sufficient Bu t if a partial restitution is sufficient and the original fertility of the soil is still kept up is it not manifest that there is an inapparent sourc from which vegetation has drawn this excess The manure being but a well known value from whence comes this foreign source That is to be found out to discover in what form it steps in what is the nature of the agents it furnishes vegetation and what is its value To this object we devote our energies To do this instead of limiting ourselves to a general comparison between manure and crop we will first make analysis of both and then establish a strict balance between the respective elements If you devote yourself to this work and make an analysis of both manure and crop a first result and a very unexpected result appears before you and this is that no matter what plant is under investigation you find always in the constitution of the plant fourteen elements neither more nor less These elements combine by different methods and according as these methods vary you have a beat or a cereal a tree or a moss but the common basis upon which vegetal activity operates is invariably the same always these same fourteen elements which we will divide into two categories ELEMENTS OF VEGETAL PRODUCTION Organic Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen 41 Mineral Phosphorous Sulphur Chlorine Sillica Iron Manganese Lime Mugnesia Sodium Potassium18 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA One set four in number we call organiccarbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen these are the ones which rise in vapor and smoke when we burn a plant They are therefore combustible and form 95 per cent of the substance of vegetation We eornein the second place to the mineral elements which originate in the soil and among which we find phosphorous sulphur chlorine sillica iron manganese lime magnesia sodium and potassium in the form of different combi nations which we will describe later but which at present are of no interest to us The first result then from analysis of vegetation is invariable fixity of com position And what does the analysis of manure give us Exactly the same result We find there again equally the same fourteen elements we have just enumerated this is very easily understood for in fact the manure is from the digestion of animals fed on vegetation This being said we will now try to make the balance between the elements of the manure and those of the crop and take as basis of this new examination not only the triennial system but the more advanced system of alternate rota tion which came after the triennial system What do we find That for the four years comprehending the rotation the manure consumed rises to 8000 pounds of dry matter And the total of the crops estimated and completely dry at 17400 pounds per acre The manure and the crops com pared are MANURE 8000 POUNDS CROPS 17600 POUNDS Carbon28S8 pounds8184 pounds Hydrogen 330 pounds 957 pounds Oxygen2100 pounds7126 pounds Nitrogen 160 pounds 267 pounds Minerals2582 pounds1076 pounds 8000 pounds 17600 pounds The signification of this analytical balance is singularly instructive CONTIXTKDi 42MAY CROP REPORT1887 19 ADDRESS OF HON JOHN A COBB Of Sumter County Delivered at the Spring Meeting of the State Agricultural Society Held in Americus February I887 and Resolutions Offered by Mr J O Waddell of Polk County Mr President and Gentlemen of the Georgia Stale Agricultural Society I have selected for my subject one of great importance and one that should interest us all The State Department of Agriculture and its Relation to the Farmers This department was organized for our special benefit and should have the earnest support and encouragement of every farmer in the State The departme t was organized August 26th 1874 being a new departure The best way to make it of practical benefit to the farmers of the State had to be devised with the limited funds at its disposal The Legislature generously gave us a Department of Agriculture but through wrong ideas of economy failed to make such an appropriation as its importance demanded and has yet failed to do so though repeatedly and earnestly urged to do so by this Seciety With the limited means at its disposal wonders have been accomplished by this department and great good has resulted to the farming interests of the State During Dr Jones administration monthly crop reports fertilizer circulars reports of soil tests manuals of the sheep and hog hand book of Georgia etc aggregating two thousand two hundred and fiftyone pages of printed matter all containing valuable information were issued from the department Col J T Henderson our present able and efficient Commissioner went into office September 29 1879 since which time there has been issued from the department crop fertilizer and soil test circulars manuals of cattle poultry tobacco culture and that valuable compilation The Commonwealth of Georgia aggregating three thousand one hundred and sixty pages printed matter making a total since the organization of the Department of five thou sand three hundred and ninetyfive pages about six thousand copies of which have been issued making a total of thirtytwo million three hundred and seventy thousand pages of printed matter every page of which has contained information of value to the farmers of the State in their special business and all of the available information of the resources of the State agricultural mineral and climatic 4320 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The inspection and anlysis of fertilizers by act of the Legislature creating the Department of Agriculture in 1874 only required the Inspectors to report amount inspected they retaining as compensation all fees instead of paying the same into the State Treasury The system was not placed entirely under the control of the Commissioner until 1877 since which time there has been more system and better protection against worthless fertilizers than ever before Full reports not being required there is no exact data as to the amount inspected previous to the passage of the Act of 1877 Since 1877 to 1886inclusivethere have been inspected and analysed one million one hundred and eightyfour thousand tons After deducting salaries of Chemist Inspectors cost of tags etc there have been paid into the State Treasury 47903800 The present rules and regulations may not be perfect but the Commissioner tries to remedy every defect that the experience of past seasons develops He has more than once recommended a reduction of onehalf of the present fees for inspection That the inspection laws have benefited the farming interest by preventing the sale in the State of inferior grades of fertilizers there cannot be a shadow of doubt There have been complaints but when properly traced out in nearly every instance they can be accounted for by poor cultivation the character of the seasons or the continuous application of strong fertilizers where clean culture such as for cotton has been given the land Favorable seasons good culture and vegetable matter in the soil are three very important items necessary to good returns from the use of fertilizers and over these the manufacturer chemist and inspector have no control The Department of Agriculture proper receives from the Treasury annually 1420000 to cover salaries of commissioners clerks printing etc The vast amount of information contained in the crop reports of the Department is col lected and forwarded by patriotic farmers throughout the State without any compensation No department of our government State or National has ever accomplished the good this Department has since its organization in proportion to the amount of money expended on it Commissioner Henderson and his efficient corps of assistants selected mainly with a view to their fitness for the various positions they fill deserve great credit and gratitude from the farmers of Georgia for what has been accom plished But a great deal more can and should be done by giving the financial aid that our Legislature should bestow upon it We should have a complete Geological survey of the State Every day develops by some accident valuable mineral deposits in our State It should be known where they are and if in paying quantities It is clearly the duty of the State to do this thing that our citizens who now own the property should get its full value and that people and capital may be attracted from elsewhere to within our borders There should be one or more 44MAY CROP REPORT1887 21 Experimental Stations to make thorough soil tests of fertilizers on various soils and on every character of crop we now produce tests of new grains grasses etc to find what can be profitably used to make our farm products more varied One of our great needs is diversified agriculture As individuals we have not the time or the means to make these experi ments when we are forced to bend every energy in trying to solve the problem of making two ends meet with our present labor and King Cotton After thorough tests at the Experimental Stations we will know exactly what to plant to secure the desired end without risk of failure We have prided our selves on being the Empire State of the South What have we except we live in the past to justify our claims to this title It is true that we have the people the minerals the climate and the soil but what are we doing to hold our claim to that proud title There were displayed to the world at the Centennial evidences of the re sources agricultural mineral and mechanical of nearly every Nation and State but Georgia was absent Again at New Orleans with nearly every State and Territory grandly represented Georgia was worse than absent Even when our sister States and Territories came to our own capital at the Atlanta Exposition the Georgia exhibitcreditable to the energy and skill of our Commissioner with the means at his disposalwas a failure for the Empire State of the South Take Alabamaan offspring of whom Georgia may well feel proudshe made liberal appropriations was fully represented at Philadelphia Atlanta and New Orleans See the resultsBirmingham Anniston Sheffieldand Tuscaloosaa boom a great grand boomthe iron interests of the North moving to the South and Alabama reaping the harvest Millions of money an energetic and thrifty population turned in that direction Even Georgia is furnishing people and money to help build up the material prosperity of Alabama With every natural resource equal if not superior and known to us long before Alabama knew her own resources Georgia mineral lands were left almost unsought afterexcept by her own peopleat small prices and for speculative purposes The only hope we have is that Alabamas liberality and enterprise will draw enough people and capital for investment to fill up and run over and then Georgia will reap the benefit at no cost to herself After failing to have Georgia properly advertised andher resources shown at these various expositions our Legislature finally woke up and saw the importance of doing something to attract people and capital to our State Commissioner Henderson feeling the importance of this subject prepared and had printed two thousand copies of The Commonwealth of Georgia a very valuable book containing all the available information as to the resources of the State with fifteen climatic and geological maps but the Commissioner failed to strike with the hammer of progress while the welding heat of liber ality was on our Legislature as is shown by the following remarkable res olution 4522 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Resolved by the House of Representatives the Senate concurring That the Commissioner of Agriculture be and is hereby authorized to print such number of copies of the Commonwealth of Georgia as he may find necessary to supply the demand for the same the books to be sold by him at such price as will cover the cost of publication and distribution the proceeds of such sale to be accounted for as other moneys received by him and devoted to the pay ment of the cost of issuing the present and future edition Provided That the Commissioner may make free distribution of copies of said book to crop correspondents and other agents of the Department and to public officials of this and other States as he may deem proper Provided further That the amount received from the sale of said book shall cover the entire cost of said publication and distribution and no other appro priation shall be made therefor This is not a pleasant picture but it is true and the sooner we rouse our selves to the importance that this question demands the better for us all The remedy is with uslet us use it Make such a demand on our Legislature that they will heed it with liberal appropriations to our Department of Agriculture for the various purposes that have been suggested which will enable it to accomplish the grand object for which it was organized We have nearly everything within our borders that goes towards making a grand State but we need additional population capital and diversified agricul ture Advertise ourselves thoroughly let the world know who we are and what we have and the additional population will come and manufactories of every kind will of necessity spring up With a proper and determined effort on our part no matter how rapid the material advances of our sister States may be Georgia can still be made to hold the proud position of the Empire State of the South Mr J O Waddell offered the following resolutions Whereas The Department of Agriculture is the offspring of the State Agricultural Society having been originally established in pursuance of the expressed wishes of this Society and Whereas The said Department is the only department of the State devoted to the development of our farming interests therefore it is meet and proper for the Conventions of the Society from time to time to express their convic tions in regard to the work of said Department and its relations to the farmers of Georgia therefore Resolved 1 That this Convention recognizes and appreciates the practical benefits that the Department has already conferred on the farming interests of the State Resolved 2 That this Convention deprecates any unfriendly or embarrassing action on the part of our General Assembly towards the said Department If there be abuses at any time let them be reformed if there be defects in the organic law let them be remedied if the field of operation be too narrow and contracted let it be enlarged it the appropriation for the support of the De partment be insufficient let it be increased 46MAY CROP REPORT1887 23 Resolved 3 That we accord to the Hon John T Henderson the just meed of praise for able efforts in behalf of the farmers and we hereby pledge to him and the Department the cordial cooperation of the State Agricultural Society and its individual members Resolved 4 That this Convention heartily endorses the views of Hon John A Cobb as expressed in his able address on this subject and request a copy for publication Unanimously carried 47THE GEORGIA STATE FAIR HELD ANNUALLY AT MACON GEORGIA Opening October 24th 1887 and Continuing One Week 12000 IN CASH PREMIUMS To the County making the best and largest display of agricultural product home iudus try a cash prize of 100000 is offered County makiug the second best display 50000 Third best display 825000 To the individual making the best and largest display 10000 secoud 5000 third 2300 and a larger number of smaller premiums than ever before THE FAIR OF 1887 promises to be the grandest Exhibition ever held In Georgia The citizens of Macon are alive to the fact that the STATE FAIR is the most beneficial enterprise to the State and city and every man is at work New hotels auti boarding houses will be built to accom modate the large crowds and every man woman or child can find accommodations in the city The Railroads will give cheap rates A larger number of attractions than ever before will be procured Agriculture is the basis of all prosperity and the Fairs do more to stimulate industry than all other agencies For Premium List and further particulars address E C GRIER Secy MACON GA L F UVINGSTOM President R 1 POWELL Treasurer E C GRIER Secretary Covington Ga Barnesville Ga Macon Ga ROBERT A NISBET General Supt Macon GaSpecial Circular No 62 New Series REPORT OF GROWING CROP ETC FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1887 RETURNABLE JUNE 1st 1887 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga May 18 1887 DEAB SiaPlease answer the following questions on theb day of June and mail promptly o that your report may reach this office by the 3d day 01 June possible Uyourmail facilities are such that matte nailed on the 1st of the month wil not reach hte office by the 2d please make out your report as long before the end oi the month ill be necessary to have it reach this office by the 3d Viewer every question that will admit of it in tmmhers Indicating per cent in making up your answers let then apply to the whole county in which yon reside or a far i each direction as your knowledge may extend not limply to youm farm m all cases where the crop is not grown in your county use the character X H you ba V vIc e t la a to makeSn approximate estimate leave ihe place blank Any matter not intended for publication if sent with this circular should be enclosed on a separate sheet of paper with name and postoffice address 1 Verv respectfully 3 T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture i For what county do you report II Your name III Your post office2 DKPARTMENT OK AORICI LTlEEGEORGIA CORN 1 Condition oompared to an averaget er cent OATS 2 Yield or prospective yield if not harvested compared to an averageper cent 3 To what extent injured by rustper t WHEAT 4 risld or prospective ield compared to anaverage percent To what extent injured bs rust percent COTTON 6 stand 1st June compared to a good standper eent 9 Condition compared to an averageper ent SORGHUM 8 Condition compared to an averageper ceut SUGAR CASK i Stand compared to a good standper cent til Condition compared to an average pei POTATOES 11 Vield or prospective yield of Irish potatoes compared to an averageper cent 12 Acreage in sweet potatoes compared to an averageper lt MISCELLANEOUS I Rice condition compared to an average percent 11 Ground peas acreage compared to an averagepgr oent 1 Melons conditian compared to an average percent 16 Tobacco acreage compared loan average percent 52QUESTIONS FOR JUNE CROP REPORT 3 ORCHARDS 17 Peach prospect compared to averagepercent 18 Apple prospect compared to averageper cent 19 fear prospect compared to averageper cent 20 Grape prospect as compared to averageper cent STOCK 21 Clip of wool compared to averageper cent NOTKS OF CORRESPONDENTS Under this heading It is desired to collect important facts in relation to products of the market garden or truck farming in this State Give names of the products of this class that prove for your section the most remunerative and give an estimate of the average yield and net profits per acre of such crops Put the name of your county at the upper left hand corner of your notes as it appears in the printed reported and your signature at the bottom County CIRCULAR No 91 New Series i CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1887 SHOWING THE ACREAGE AND CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS THE FIRST OF JUNE AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA Com missioner atlanta georgia Constitution Publishing Company 1887Circular No 91 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1887 Returned to the Department of Agriculture June 11887 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga June 7 1887 j CONDITION AND PROSPECT Though i drouth prevailed throughout the State until the latter part of May our correspondents report the growing crops gener ally several points bettor than last year While cotton and corn are reported somewhat late both are reported in good condition well worked healthy and quite as promising as that of any crop for past three or four years at this stage of growth With mod erately fair seasons froi now on it is safe to predict the best crop of cotton and corn since 1882 The oat crop has been disastrously affected by the drouth hardly threefourths of a crop being harvested In fact part of the crop on uplands is too low to cut The acreage in wheat is small but the crop is well grained and the yield good Little or no rust is reported in either wheat or oats The reports of other food cropspotatoes rice sugarcane and groundpeasare very gratifying and indicate a growing and more active interest on the part of our people in the production of home supplies A comparative statement of condition of leading crops in the different sections will be seen in the following notes and still more in detail by reference to tabulated report on a subsequent page 5GDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CORN The condition compared to an average of five years is in North Georgia 102 Middle Georgia 96 Southwest Georgia 93 East Georgia 96 Southeast Georgia 99 and in the whole State 97 WHEAT The yield or prospective yield in many of the counties of North Georgia is reported much above the average of five years In Gordon county it is given at 118 in Catoosa Chattooga Hall Murray Pickens Rabun and Inion from lit to 110 in Bartow Dade Floyd and Gwinnett from 102 to 104 The average for the section is 95 The reports from Middle Georgia are not so favor able only two counties reporting the prospective yield above an average while that of the section is 75 The prospective yield for the whole Sate is 84 which is 14 points higher than the reports of last years crop cm the 1st of June OATS The yield or prospective yield is in North Georgia 80 in Mid dle Georgia 56 in Southwest Georgia 68 in East Georgia 74 in Southeast Georgia 80 and in the whole State 72 Only ten counties in the State report an average yield of these there are five in North Georgia two in Middle one in East and two in Southeast Georgia COTTON The stand compared to a good stand is in North Georgia 99 in Middle Georgia 95 in Southwest and in East Georgia 97 in Southeast Georgia 98 and in the whole State 97 The stand is 14 points better than was reported for that of last year at this date The condition and prospect in North Georgia 102 in Middle Georgia 97 in East Georgia 95 in Southeast Georgia 99 and the whole State 99 FBUIT There is little difference in the report of fruit crop from that of the first of May There is almost an entire failure of the peach in most of the northern counties but about half a crop in the south ern part of the Slate The prospective yield of apples is reported 62 per cent pears 47 per cent and grapes 97 per cent or nearly a full cropCONSOLIDATION OF EEPOET FOE JUNE 1887 Corn Oats W7ii Cotton Sorghm Sugar Cane Irish Sweet Potatoes Potatoes Rice Ground Peas Melons Fruit TTooi 6 Ofi pa ce oS bo 2 s it u 6 S a so OJ bo 3 bo S 43 QJ b 0 0 fcC CO u 0 oi I be bo c3 be as i a o ss C s S3 33 T3 ss si d 03 03 c3 oS oS 63 3 E Woi 2d a c u a o 9 0 d as d d 03 C be 3d a S3 a 3 a C3 d S3 d sS d oS 5 oi GO G O t t1 sa S o a o B Q O o o o o V tQg k sa o 2 4 bJD 03 3 03 O o a QJ O 01 Ph o Is p ga a c I8 e a CO 8s a o a o c 3 0 o O 3 d o aS Q O 03 a 0 o o a CO Yield or prospective compared to T3 o a a p 0 So u a o H 33 a o o O B g s c bo fc 93 o a c a o 1 2 0 i8 g8 Oi o i g6 It a O oS St d a g P 5 On a g S r ft ft3 c3 Q 03 a p o North Georgia 103 Sfl n 95 0 99 10 07 92 99 99 93 11 51 30 100 93 Qfi it s 88 71 99 8 103 71 17 47 36 95 90 93 68 96 7 4 0 90 7 1 111 97 97 96 95 68 96 96 91 97 92 77 71 91 97 87 93 97 100 00 00 00 36 71 02 91 92 17 93 88 99 80 0 98 9i 100 99 100 70 97 91 109 94 53 74 62 96 97 Average for State L887 07 72 2 84 3 97 98 01 93 94 76 97 8 102 92 35 62 17 97 92 Average for State 1886 95 71 70 S4 S7 01 89 92 Of 92 90 95 90 75 71 71 95 88 5 K O C fC w c EC H6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PROFITS OF THE MARKET GAKDEN The correspondents of the Department have been requested to name the market garden products that have proved most remune rative and to give the average yield and net profits per acre of such crops The following notes are in response to this request NORTH GEORGIA CatoosaThe strawberry crop has proved to be a very remunerative crop again this year bringing in several thousand dollars to Walker and Cotoosa counties at a time when money is scarce John B Henderson Strawberries are the best paying crop in this locality This season the crop is short but prices have ruled high It pays from 25 to 5100 per acre John Bird DadeI believe grapes will pay best in this county G A R Bible PanninProfits per acre with cabbage 100 onions 50 S Higdon GilmerThis county is well adapted to garden or truck farming The cabbage onion and turnip are the most remunerative The strawberry anI tomatoe would pay well if we had a local market My estimate is that an acre in cabbage or onion would pay more net profits than any field crop N L Osborn HaralsonWe have but one truck farmer that I know of in this county He makes a specialty of potatoes and turnips raising about 200 bushels of the latter to the acre and realizes about 100 per acre from sales with a cost of 40 or 50 for labor fertilizers freight etc giving him a net profit of 50 or gliO Per ilcre J W Bicuers HartDiversified farming and that upon the intensive system seems to be gaining much favor M M Ktchardson MadisonI believe cotton pays about as well as anything take everything into consideration It makes about six hundred pounds seed cotton to the acre and is ready sale when you get it out Potatoes will make or bring more money to the acre than cotton but you cant sell them for much until spring and by that time they very often rot They will yield seventyfive bushels per acre by good preparing but with the same preparation for cotton it will make twelve hundred pounds seed cotton and much handier to dispose of John T Patten PauldingI think the Spanish ground pea will yield 30 bushels per acre and make a paying market crop p p McBraykr RabunThe average yield of Irish potatoes is about 300 bushels which would net about fifty dollars if sold here We raise about 3000 heads of cab bage per acre at an average of five pounds per head which would net about 75 This is when the land is highly fertilized P A BleckleyJUNE CROP REPORT1887 WalkerThe raising of strawberries peaches grapes and other fruits and all kinds of vegetables is an important and profitable industry in the northern part of Walker J A Clements Sweet potatoes pay best They will yield one hundred bushels per acre and usually bring one dollar per bushel The average yield would be forty dollars per acre F M Young WhitfieldThe gooseberry has several qualities to specially recommend it First it is earlier surer and is subject to fewer casualties than other small fruit crops Second they bear transportation better than any berry I have made a test on the fractional part of an acre and find that with 160 bushes to the acre at three years old will yield two gallons per bush or 320 gallons per acre at 25 cents per gallon making 80 per acre J F Groves M D I am not posted in matters under this head but think strawberries and tomatoes pay best Beans in my section pay 200 per acre W C Richardson MIDDLE GEORGIA BibbSweet potatoes are more generally raised for market than any other crop though some years the market is overstocked The average yield is seventyfive bushels profit about 25 In the lower portion of the county on the gray lands many melons are raised the profit depending entirely on oarh ness and quality of fruit from a loss up to 50 and sometimes as high as 75 per acre All other trucking is done by the market gardeners who as a rule are much more successful than cotton raisers W D H Johnson ButtsThe melon crop is the most remunerative of any crop we raise for the early market H C Thaxton CampbellIrish potatoes will yield from two to five hundred bushels to the acre sweet potatoes from one to three hundred Melons both late and early would pay a handsomer profit say from forty to fifty dollars per acre if we could have immunity from the bugs Grapes also do well and many vege tables J Beall Watermelons are sometimes grown but with small if any profit Small farms well tended is what we need to make our country thrifty H N Cockran ColumbiaOn the line of the railroad some have found watermelons quite profitable Some have tried onionsthe sales for the first of the season was quite satisfactory but as the season advanced prices dropped too low to be re munerative Some raise the Georgia rattlesnake watermelon seed for sale and sell to dealers in Augusta concluding they can use an average melon and then get ten cents for the seed J J Walton DeuglasSome raise sweet potatoes for the Atlanta market and make 75 to 100 per acre John G Maxwell 60DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA ElhertI raise melons for market planting in my cotton field with one row melons and two of cotton and realize more money from the onethird in melons than from the twothirds in cotton D M Carlton Carroll Wi make melons pay from fifty to sixty dollars per acre M R Russell Onions prove to he the most valuable of any vegetable that is made in a garden for market From one to two hundred bushels can be raised on one acre worth 190 to 200 per bushel b H Phillips HarrisOnion with me have for several years proven to be most remun erative truck patch of anything else the yield being at the rate of 200 to 250 bushels per acre giving a net profit of over 200 per acre The variety raised is known as the Button or Tree onion planted in September and harvested and marketed the following June at a time when money with the average farmer of this section is scarce j g Pate We live too far from market to make a business of selling garden products However Irish and sweet potatoes turnips watermelons beans etc yield abundantly in this section also ground peas Fiynn Hargett Jr There has been more ground peas planted in this section than ever before and arc mostly the Spanish peanuts They are the best 1 ever saw W D Cook NewtonOnions with me are the most profitable truck crop Sow seed in August snd you can raise your own sets Gray land will yield from 150 to 200 bushels per acre and are leadily sold for one dollar per bushel E McCONNELL OuONEE Melons net profit 61 potatoes Irish 200 onions 200 tomatoes 80 potatoes sweet 00 James C Wilson PikeA few years ago the writer grew about one hundred bushels of Irish potatoes for market realizing a fine profit therefrom The next vear I raised about four hundred bushels and could hardly sell them at all However this year I have had quoted to me from Cincinnati very fine prices but have none t0 shir E W Ross SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BEOOKSMelons Irish potatoes strawberries peas beans radishes and cukes all pay well here much depends on location and knowledge of manner of planting culture and manuring and greatest of all the sorting packing and getting into market in good condition r J Denmark DoughertyCoI 1 Fort three years ago engaged largelv in truck farming he raised principally for the seed He went into it largely on several of his plantations and gave it a thorough and practical test and after a trial lor two or three year abandoned it as unprofitable being too far to market We have no home market c nsequently truk farming will not pav No oneJUNE CROP REPORT1887 else has engaged in truck farming to any extent J R Forester and others are largely engaged in raising watermelons Some make money and others lose Provision crops have been largely increased in this county and better cultivated than in ten years Less rain fall than since 1875 rains have fallen last week L DoziER EarlyWatermelons are the only thing marketed from our county and the acreage will be less this year as there were losses last with most of the ex perimenters D M Wade Houston Watermelons paid so little if anything clear last year that there is a falling off in acreage at least 50 per cent With strawberries the average has increased this year and I have no doubt will continue to increase Wm J Anderson LowkdesMelons are grown extensively Remunerative net per acre from nothing to 7600 Cukes grow also profitable Sweet and Irish potatoes are very remunerative Same parties are engaged exclusively in raising vege tables J A Dasher MitchellMelons are the only things that have paid anything like well in this section Cukes have been a complete failure so far as any profit is con cerned The egg plant has not been tried sufficiently but your correspondent is of the opinion that this fruit can be successfully grown and handled in this section The melon crop bids fair this summer to yield 50 per acre The egg plant I am of the opinion would do quite as well There is nothing being cultivated here in the line of your inquiries to any extent except the melon The cantelope yields well and might be made profitable The pear in our county is considered a failure by many but not all J B TwiTTY TerrellIrish potatoes and melons have paid best in my county being about fifty dollars per acre Elijah Belflower ThomasThe experiment in truck farming so far is very unsatisfactory owing no doubt to some extent to the inexperience of farmers in the business E L Neal WorthSugar cane is our most paying crop average yield 350 gallons worth forty cents per gallon 140 Sweet potatoes next average yield 200 bushels per acre worth fifty cents 100 Melons next average yield 800 per acre worth ten cents 80 Cotton next 250 pounds of lint per acre worth eight cents 20 W A Hall EAST GEORGIA JkffersoxIntensive farming is becoming the rage now This is as it should be It is a great saving of time and labor to raise a large crop on a small area and where it is done largely in grain you can see a plenty of fine looking stock and there is less money paid for supplies 1 F Adkins TelfairVery little truck farming in the county for the market except 1210 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGBOKG1A melons and reports from those who were engaged in raising and shipping them the last season was a failure in consequence of high freights and commission and the low price Many did not pay expenses of gathering and shipping Wm P Williams SOUTHEAST GEORGIA BryanIt is almost impossible to give any reliable data as to truck farm ing in this county There is not enough of it done here It has been at tempted and generally abandoned for two reasons Eirst lack of a cheap certain quick transportation Second want of an opening for the disposition of surplus crop left over after shipping seasons are over If the transportation problem was solved for us the disposition of surplus would be or very fre quently so what would turn the scale for or against us in balancing our account of profit and loss Lying between Florida on one side and Carolina on the other our shipping season is always short and generally a large portion of certain crops are left on hand for which there is no market Here and everywhere in the State canning factories located near gardening centres could work up surplus crops These factories dont pay much but enough for otherwise unsaleable crops to enable trucking to be carried on at some profit ordinarily andat other times to prevent serious financial disaster Philip D Cary GlynnWhereas Irish potatoes have not made a full crop this year I con sider it one of the best crops that a farmer can plant I gathered from three fourths of an acre fifty bushels of fine potatoes at 165 per bushel58250 deduct for labor and guano 1000total 6050 I now have the same land in sweet potatoes and with good seasons expect to realize 100 bushels which at 50 cents per bushel and the above net pounds 5000 of Irish potatoes 0650 total 11050 J R Dorflinqer PierckSugarcane I will state is the best money crop By fertilizing pretty high you can make 150 per acre J R Wixn LibertyWith deep and thorough preparation of soil say twenty inches well broken drained and fertilized in the early winter almost all garden crops will do well here even with a dry spring The system practiced by unskilled adventurers of only utilizing four inches of top soil with still cold water just beneath will result in failure nine times out often A J Hkmdrix 68JUNE CROP RKPORT1887 11 CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS JUDGED BY THE PAST BY PROF GEORGE V1LIE Translated by Miss E L Howard Continued from May Crop Report There is a great difference between the elements composing the manure and those of the crop Is it in the mineral elements The manure contains more than the crops Is it in the organic elements The manure contains much less than the crops But if these facts are plainly shown in what are called cultivated crops where the restitution is made by manure how is this effected in the particular case of the meadow There manure is not used the restitution is by irriga tion In this case however the returns are as well maintained as in cultivated crops It is curious to know how this restitution is made Analyses oi water show nitrogenous compounds like ammonia the nitrates and the different minerals but not one trace of hydrocarbonaceous matters analogous to the blackish matter that manure contains And nevertheless the average return from the meadow is maintained with no less fixity than from those soils that are manured The conclusion from all this is evident and forced The manure does not give the crops but a part of the carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen which they contain There is always in the crops an overplus of these four bodies at least equal to that which the manure contains and which is supplied from some other source From what source does it originate On this point there is no hesitation Air and water Air as a source of carbon and nitrogen water as a source of hydrogen and oxygen And what do I invoke as affirmative of this declaration The example of the meadow kept up by irrigation and sustained solely by the intervention of the mineral and nitrate substances which the water held in solution and which represents hardly two or three hundredths of the weight of the crop Conse quently the responsibility of the first idea that the restitution effected by manure is but a partial restitution rests entirely on practical experience It is not science which affirms this but a ten times consecrated practice Science only steps in to say the restitution is entire in minerals and only partial in organic elements Of the four organic elements of manure three fulfill but a secondary function these three are carbon hydrogen and oxygen which are represented in manure by the litter and that part of the plant which has not been altered by the diges tive action of the animal These matters I repeat have almost no fertilizing value We add to the testimony of the meadow a second testimony whose grandeur 6412 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA I may say majesty singularly over rules all dissentient testimony and this is given us by geology What does geology say That the first beings which made their appearance on the surface of the globe were vegetal that the deposits so powerful by the oil and coal we are now using for our wants as a source of heat come from this primitive vegeta tion that at this remote period plants attained dimensions which they have lost that the Calamites and Lepidodendron which formed the forests of thi epoch rose to a heighth of thirty to forty feet and are now represented in our present Flora by humble plants club mosses and Lycopodes that do not grow more than three feet tall At this remote period however the earth contained neither humus nor manure both of which presuppose an anterior generation Consequently taking agricultural tradition as a whole whether acting with manure or by irrigation we are led to the same conclusion and that is that the hydrocar bonaceous matters supposing them to be useful play but a very secondary part since neither the meadow nor the primitive vegetation required them tor they prospered well without them But if those facts are true how can we understand the constitution and functions of manure What relation is there between manure and the law of restitution which we cannot avoid and the nonobservance of which law brings sterility to the soil The following table answers this question better than any long explanation WnSr11 f use the IUts Carbon680 So 1319 in woody stalks whose ele Hydrogen082 merits originated from air and wa OxygeniST I ter Silica432 Chlorine004 So 507 of secondary minerals with Sulphuric Acid018 which the soil is superabuntly pro Oxvdc of Iron034 vided and which we need not give Sodanote i it Magnesia 034 J Nitrogen041 Phosphoric Acid018 So iri with which the soil is sup Potash04 plied but in limited quantities and Lime056 1 in which essentially rests the effi i cacy of manure 100 1 In one hundred parts of manure we find in the tirst place SO parts of water Now water is evidently not the cause of its efficacy Then we come to 1329 of carbon hydrogen oxygen represented by the refuse of the litter and that part of the feed which the digestion of the animal has not disorganized The meadow is here to prove that it is not in these parts which gives manure its activity Besides thesewe find in manure o07 represented by silica chlorine sulphur iie acid oxyde of iron soda magnesia and we say these products are of insig nificant value for the simple reason that the poorest soils are almost always superabundantly provided with them Finally there remain of these four bodies 164 or in round numbers 2 in 06JUNE CROP REPORT1887 13 100 Nitrogen Phosphoric Acid Potash and Lime of which we compost the chemical fertilizers and which we find again only in the waters which are sufficient to keep up the meadow and which were the sole food of the vegeta tion of the primitive ages What then is the difference between he chemical fertilizers and manure In form volume and composition and this difference is very significant for what there is in manure above and beyond this is but a mass of no value Are you still doubtful as to what I said of the secondary minerals silica chlorine oxyde of iron etc Do you think it arbitrary to exclude them from the chemical fertilizers and then dispute their good effects in manure To keep true to the plan I traced out I cannot call direct experience as a witness I must draw all the elements of my demonstration from the facts which were anterior to us But we obtain these facts by comparing the composition of the manure the crops and the soil taking an acre as a unit of comparison Manure and crop per acre Depth of arable land spread over the surface of an acre What was the result from this parallel That the soil contained the minerals of the second group in enormous quan tities and they showed but a few hundredths in the crop and in the manure In suppressing these minerals we do not commit an arbitrary act we only give the soil the credit which we give air and water when we speak of carbon hydrogen and oxygen Either J am under a delusion or else a clear conviction it seems to me must penetrate your minds You see what points we have in common with the past in what we continue her work and in what we differ from her The point we have in common is the necessity of giving back certain agents to the earth The past did not know the real nature of these agents but guided by observation she found in them three sources manure the fallow and irri gation We recognize the justice of the principle but we contend against the necessity of holding to the methods of the past There is nothing absolute in these methods they are corelative to certain social conditions The system of culture suited to the ideas of one epoch their economic conditions the price of manual labor the interest on money and the burdens resting upon the pop ulation are not suited to another epoch There is but one immovable point and that one is the necessity of giving back to the soil a part of what it lost in the formation of its crops Whether it is better to use manure or a fertilizer drawn from abroad is a secondary matter provided the law of restitution is faithfully observed But in this matter we must be clear and decided I affirm without hesitation that in the majority of cases the chemical fer tilizer offers more advantages than manure and that manure should never be used without the addition of chemical fertilizers 6614 UKPA KTM ENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The reason for this addition will be shown later When I said there was no difference between the chemical fertilizer and manure but in appearance and form that manure owed its efficacy not to the blackish matter originating from decomposition of litter but to the nitrogen phosphoric acid potash and lime I stated a rigorously exact fact but I left open an objection which should be met It may well be said tome Jt is true these four bodies are the principle source if not the sole source of the efficacy of manure but their good effect is due to the especial form in which they are presented in manure and which is different from that in which they appear in the chemical fertilizer This objection sounds a reasonable one To refute this it is sufficient to show under what form the nitrogen phos phoric acid potash and lime are found in manure The manure you know gentlemen is made both from animal digestion and their litter There is one fact which no one disputes and that is that the most active part of the animal excrement is urine Now what is there in urine In the first place a large quantity of a crystalized body whose nitrogen is so proportioned that it represents onethird of that which is contained in the food of the animal This is the urea so closely allied by its chemical nature and its fertilizing properties to ammoniac salts With the urea we find uric acid and hippuric acid both equally rich in ammonia and largely endowed with fertilizing power then phosphoric acid combined with lime and magnesia and salts of potash We find finally an albuminoid matter which separates itself spontaneously from the urine when in contact with the air and which determines by its change the conversion of the urea into carbonate of ammonia The uric acid itself shares in this transformation and finally the fermented resented by ammonia phosphates and salts of potash Now of what are chemical fertilizers composed Of ammonia phosphates and salts of potash and lime So there is an iden tity of constitution between the parts recognized as most active in manure and in chemical fertilizers It is true there still remains the sclid excrement Slightly active at the time of production it acquires great efficacy by the decomposition produced by con tact with the air a sort of continuation of the digestive process which ends by converting their nitrogen into ammonia and rendering the minerals more soluble which it contains Consequently the last argument which can be brought forward to oppose us is reduced to nothing by the severest analysis of urine and solid excrement So there is no difference between the chemical fertilizer and manure except in appearance and volume But if matters stand thus why condemn us to the burden of producing manure if we can so easily procure a chemical fertilizer Jt is useless to bring forward the physical action of manure the meadow is present to prove this not indispensible 67 urine can be repJUNE CROP REPORT1887 15 Facing the irresistible character of this demonstration you will be tempted to say to me If the use of chemical fertilizers is so fully proved true by the past where is its novelty Take care gentlemen not to be confused on this point To explain history as I do I must ask the doctrine of chemical fertilizers to give us the facts of which the history of the past gave us the true signification Before this prac tice summed up her law by saying make manure The southern countries so wanting in forage and the lower plains of Nor mandy and Cottenten where the dominant culture is in meadow were equally subjected to this law The doctrine of the chemical fertilizer says on the contrary give the soil more phosphate of lime more potash more lime and the half of the nitrogen you took from it If your locality is suited to stock raising raise stock and give back to the soil the manure you took from it If the country is too dry and not suited to much stock raising restrict tin1 production of manure keep only animals necessary for preparing the soil and for consuming such parts ot the crops as will not sell bring what fertilizer you need from some other point The law is to manure heavily economically and conformably to the laws which I will soon give you Past agriculture rested upon inflexible conditions a certain equilibrium between the meadow and the cereals and an almost invariable order in the succession of the crops Now the doctrine of chemical fertilizers says to the contrary with a perma nent importation of fertilizer agriculture throws off these trammels The object and the sole object is profit Freed from all restraints agriculture can speculate indifferently either in stock raising or in selling crops Working by such rotation as she will she recognizes no other law than the need of giving the soil the acid phosphate potash lime and nitrogen the crops require The origin of this restitution is not now the question it is a question of money and not of agriculture If you hesitate in following me let me show you how science has succeeded in penetrating into the play of the forces of which vegetation is the seat in defining its methods and in specifying tin1 functions of all the agents which concur in their formation But we will keep this study for our next meeting So far I have tried sim ply to explain the history of the past by the light of the science of today To do this I cast aside all thought of controversy But my task is only half filled I must still bring you face to face with our practical wants and show you that if agriculture touches in its work on the greatest interests of society she solves by her methods a problem that the science of our time has the honor of making practical If I have not succeeded in carrying conviction to your minds I ask this of you that you do not hasten to a conclusion I wish to make truths speak without forcing conclusions showing truths as they are or at least as they appear to me but I have another task to me a most familiar one to fulfill I stand face to face with vegetal life and say to her Whence comest thou In what form clothest thou tnyself I then make you judge of the testimony that experience has consecrated of the results which cultivation has plainly shown Then gentlemen you can pronounce in the power of your independence if you decide to condemn and repulse this new doctrine or establish it by your vote and share in my belief in the future with a belief equally strong with my own 68THE GEORGIA STATE FAIR HELD ANNUALLY AT MACON GEORGIA Opening October 24tn 1887 and Continuing One Week 12000 IN CASH PREMIUMS To the County making the best and largest display of agricultural product home indus try a cash prize of 3100000 is offered county making the second best display 50000 Third best display J25000 To the individual making the best and largest display 10000 second SoOOO third J2500 and a larger number of smaller premiums than ever before THE FAIR OF 1887 promises to be the grandest Exhibition ever held in Georgia The citizens of Macou are alive to the fact that the STATE FAIR is the most beneficial enterprise to the State and city and every man is at work New hotels and boarding houses will be built to accom modate the large crowds and every man woman or child can find accommodations in the city The Railroads will give cheap rates A larger number of attractions than ever before will be procured Agriculture is the basis of all prosperity and the Fairs do more to stimulate industry than all other agencies For Premium List and further particulars address E C GRIER Secy MACON GA R J POWELL Treasurer Barnesville Ga L F LIVINGSTOM President Covington Ga ROBERT A NISBET General Supt Maeon Ga E J GRIER Secretary Macon GaCircular No 92 New Series j SEASON OK 188687 Analyses Commercial Values STATISTICS 01 Commercial Fertilizers CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA DURING THE SEASON OF 188687 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OP THE STATE OP GEORGIA ATLANTA GA CONSTITUTION PUBLISHING CO 1887Circular No 92 New Sekies ANALYSES COMMERCIAL VALUES AND STATISTICS OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188687 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga June 20 1887 EXPLANATION OP THE TABLES OP ANALYSES The tables commencing on a succeeding page give the analyses and the calcula ted Relative Commercial Values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in this State during the season of 188687 values or elements The usual correspondence has shown no material change in the market value or the valuable ingredients of fertilizers since last season Therefore the scale of elemental values will remain the same as that of the season of 18856 as follows 744 DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEEGEOEGIA Available Phosphoric Acid7J cents per pound Ammonia16 cents per pound Potash K 05 cents per pound These three elements are all that are taken into account in estimating the value of a fertilizer The commercial value of any fertilizer will depend on the amount and relative proportion of these elements that are found by analyses to be present in the fertilizer THE RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUE of a fertilizer is found by multiplying the number of pounds of the valuable elements in a ton by the price above fixed for each element and adding all together Eelative commercial values are generally safe indicators of the com parative agricultural or practical values of different fertilizers to the farmer and they are calculated and published as a guide to the farmer in making his selection A high relative commercial value generally indicates high quality and vice versa STANDARD REQUIRED BY LAW The law prohibits the sale of an ammoniated superphosphate unless the manu facturer or dealer shall guarantee that it contains not less than two 2 per centum of ammonia and eight 8 per centum of available phosphoric acid and of an acid phosphate unless there be a guarantee of not less than ten 10 per centum of available phosphoric acid These per centages must also be shown to be present by the official analysis of the State Chemist Eight per centum of available phosphoric and two per centum of ammonia will give in a ton Available Phosphoric Acid160 pounds Ammonia40 pounds Ttal200 pounds These two elements in not less than the amounts just stated are all that a fer tilizer is required by law to contain Such a fertilizer is commonly called a Standard Fertilizer or Georgia Standard by the trade The relative com mercial value of a fertilizer is easily calculated when the analysis is known Take for instance a fertilizer that has the following analysis Available Phosphoric Acid1120 per cent Ammonia230 per cent Potash K O150 per cent Now 1120 per cent of 2000 pounds 1 ton is 224 pounds phos phoric acid at 7J cents per pound 16 80 And 230 per cent of 2000 pounds is 46 pounds of ammonia at 16 cents per pound 7 36 And 150 per cent of 2000 pounds is 30 pounds of potash at 5 cents per pound 1 50 Total 25 66 A shorter method of calculating relative commercial values is as follows taking the same supposed analysis 75ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 5 Available Phosphoric Acid1120x1 12 16 80 Ammonia230x3 15 7 36 Potash150x1 1 50 Total 25 66 This rule is to multiply the percentage of phosphoric acid by 1J multiply the percentage of ammonia by 3 15 and the percentage of potash by 1 The product in each case is dollars and cents and the sum of the three products is the value of a ton of the fertilizer 76TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals Etc Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188687 TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphate of Lime NAME OP BRAND Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone pAmericus Ammd Bone Superphosphate Alkaline Guano i Ashley Soluble Guano Ashley Cotton and Corn Compound Ashley Small Grain Specific Ashepoo Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Atlantic Fertilizer Auroa Ammoniated Phospho Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Amruted Dissd Bone Horse Shoe Brand A O Murphys Soil Test Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Arlington for Cotton and Grain Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Acme Fertilizer Acme F rtilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate xA O C Ammoniated Guano ttAeme Guano Baldwin k Co Cotton Fertilizer Buffalo Bone Guano Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer 1100 1200 1050 1500 1125 1500 1200 1225 1050 1500 1150 00 1200 1180 825 1150 1125 1275 1300 1125 11 25 625 1000 1210 1500 550 900 1210 175 005 225 185 090 lio L20 230 I HO 2rr 1185 135 380 310 1511 250 111 175 100 105 320 1 10 100 125 145 100 250 915 900 550 010 7Ill 640 875 800 810 055 085 700 700 785 725 475 750 7 10 050 075 000 0 805 710 615 1110 620 1101 826 205 20 575 1 4 4 1 2 245 320 230 260 240 220 205 640 290 260 235 145 410 335 325 215 305 205 300 190 1120 1220 1125 10 05 1115 1070 1010 1055 10 975 915 960 1000 1005 930 1115 1040 970 885 920 1010 1020 11 30 9 25 9 20 1315 9 201 1015 300 225 220 290 265 220 270 210 255 215 275 200 260 305 230 245 220 265 2 45 210 2 20 245 210 212 212 250 255 235 125 250 235 245 200 260 220 215 200 160 300 18 200 1 75 155 175 225 240 200 110 22 215 125 110 250 150 2765 2800 2627 2771 2721 2569 2599 2470 2599 2311 2553 2265 25 32 24 84 2300 2612 2439 25 28 2352 2252 2359 25o 2582 2190 2168 2773 2446 2425 50 200 200 25 25 25 100 150 101 50 101 425 72 100 50 10 10 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Williams Clark Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan G Rounsaville Bro Rome A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga A O Murphy Barnsville Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Slingluff Co Baltimore 10 M E Ewing Lawrenceville Ga 10 Smith Gilchrist Wilmgton N C 100 St Julien Ravinel Atlanta Ga 500 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 500 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 200 Wallace Wallace Augusta Ga 100 Savannah Guano Co Savannah 500 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 200 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga 100 Jno D Weld Savannah Ga Mfd for Adair Bros Co Detroit Williams Clark Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Jno Merryman Co Barren I N Y Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Northwestn Fertilizer Co Chicago III Northwestn Fertilizer Co Chicago 111 A O Murphy Barnesville Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Acme Fertilizer Co Wilmington N C Acme Fertilizer Co Wilmington N C Pendleton Gnano Co Atlanta Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Furman Farm ImprovemtCo E Pt Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport fj t W H K H O 4 t w HI Q a H a w tsl I o w Q 11 timiuajb Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissd Bone Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime Bone Compound Bryton Ammd Bone Superphosphate Bonanza Fertilizer Bates Georgia Standard Guano NBradleys Carolina Fertilizer Coweta High Grade Fertilizer Cairo Guano Chesapeake Guano Colquitt Georgia Standard Guano Colquitt High Grade Guano Champion Ammoniated Superphosphate ftCaswells Eagle Ammoniated Bone Chatham Guano Cranes Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate Caswells Eagle Ammoniated Bone Chattahoochee Guano C L M Co Ammoniated Bone Cumberland Bone Co Supcrphos of Lime Crown Guano dCreseent Bone Fertilizer Crown Guano 03 Cotton Seed Compound Clarks Soluble Guano Capitol Cotton Fertilizer Colquitts Georia Standard Guano Colquitts Georgia Standard Guano Carroll Co High Grade Guano 1550 1450 1200 1200 1125 740 1225 650 1425 1300 500 675 1090 750 1250 1150 1400 650 1500 1350 1400 1400 1115 900 1225 1250 820 820 825 Colquitts Georgia Standard Guano Colgate Manure Cranstons Compound for Cotton and Corn Colquitts High Grade Guano Cranstons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer Dissolved Bone Carolina fcDixie Guano Dissolved Animal Bone Davy Crockett Guano Dissolved Raw Bone Potash Etiwan Ammoniated Superphosphate Eutau Fertilizer Etiwan Guano Eclipse Guano E Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphosphte Eddystone Guanor f Excelsior Guano 25 1350 1210 600 6 1225 1450 1400 1075 1030 1050 1050 1210 1625 1400 1050 1500 1400 145 275 100 200 150 225 075 250 285 220 100 110 250 300 100 200 210 225 150 325 165 175 320 11 285 105 125 240 210 310 150 125 140 200 210 150 225 125 036 ltO 475 125 160 400 185 300 110 975 820 700 850 650 665 7 610 4 475 900 900 885 975 925 810 845 620 675 750 700 860 525 710 7011 7 760 700 5011 COO 710 775 900 920 650 400 840 700 900 545 875 700 535 815 615 760 085 185 410 160 325 310 330 440 600 645 1 175 115 1 65 150 300 195 3 305 2 220 140 580 1060 1005 1110 1010 975 975 1110 1050 1080 1120 1080 1075 1000 1140 1075 1110 1040 1000 980 1030 920 1000 1105 3 35 280 285 205 275 320 265 430 215 145 360 105 325 535 680 300 300 570 140 270 405 245 460 250 1045 980 1015 965 975 820 915 1030 925 920 1270 1025 975 935 1520 1000 1200 915 1015 970 940 1060 1075 1010 250 255 235 220 215 210 220 270 280 250 200 200 220 245 240 265 250 200 215 235 240 225 2 210 250 230 200 200 280 225 220 215 224 212 237 243 260 200 265 210 249 243 220 265 305 245 257 240 205 45 25 00 50 70 55 2 75 85 to 75 75 85 lOO 215 215 0 220 275 2540 2454 2547 244 2447 2310 2570 2629 2661 2005 2420 2435 2374 2049 2606 2688 2545 2480 2333 2472 2883 2520 2609 2455 2350 24 2303 2583 2160 2276 2370 2190 2188 2782 2590 2413 2381 2952 2380 3087 2217 2586 2591 2364 2597 2526 2391 250 000 loo 20 100 100 150 200 100 200 10 10 20 50 100 100 100 100 200 250 120 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Bradley Fertilizer CoBoston Mass W H M Goulding Baltimore Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga L M Bates Griffin Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore H H Colquitt Atlanta Ga 20 10 80 160 100 25 50 200 10 200 100 120 25 10 100 6 50 100 100 500 100 812 200 H H Colquitt Atlanta Ga P S Chappell Son Baltimore TD Caswell Augusta Ga DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga T D Caswell Augusta Ga A N Davenport LaGrange Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Gi Charles Ellis Savannah Ga Treadwell Abbott Co Atlanta Hammond Hull Co Savannah Treadwell Abbott Co Atlanta Thos M Swift Prest Blberton Ga Southn Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga 1 W Travers fe Co Richmond Va L F Edwards Crawford Ga Jarrell Haire Co Crawford Kramer Mandeville Carrollton Ga W N Gatchell West Point Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Cranston Alexander Augusta Ga Hood Harper Harmny Grove Ga Cranston Alexander Augusta Ga DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Raisin Fertilizer Co BaltimoreMd Dambman Bros Co Baltimore James M Smith Pleasant Hill Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Jno M Green Atlanta Ga Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Jno M Green Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass W H M Goulding Baltimore Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Read Co New York The Griffin Fertilizer Co Griffin Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair MaconGa Macon Ga Colquitt Fertilizer Co Ga State Fair P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md T D Caswell Augusta Ga DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C J R Crane Elizabethport N J T D Caswell Charleston S C LaGrange Oil Mfg Co LaGrange Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me Bowker Fertilizer Co New York Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Manufd for Treadwell Abbott Co Charleston S C Elbert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga S W Travers Co Richmond Va L F Edwards Crawford Ga Jarrell Haire Co Crawford Ga Kramer Mandeville Carrollton Ga West Point Fertilizer Co West Point Ga ChemicalCo of Canton Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Hood Harper Harmony Grove Ga Cranston Alexander Augusta Ga DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md James M Smith Pleasant Hill Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford E Frank Coe Barren Island N Y Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga a GO w o o o K K W o t1 W H IS fed W ui I ti 00 00 fTABLE No 1Continued NAME OF BRAND Enoree Fertilizer Empire Guano Edisto Aminoniated Fertilizer fcExcelienza Guano aFarmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone dForest City Ammd Dissolved Bone Furmans High Grade Fertilizer Farmers Friend Fertilizer iVFarmers Favorite co irtiilt Edge Guano Gibbs Gos High Grade Amd Phosphate Georgia Test Guano Gossypium Phospho dGarrett Zellars Amd Dissolved Bone oGarretts Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Georgia State Grange Fertilizer dGa State Standard Amd Superphosphate Georgia Pacitic Guano fcGiant Guano Gowd Luck Guano Gem Guano ZGarneit Stubb Cos Amd Bone Supeip Houghs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone pHarle Cos Raw Bone Superphosphate Homestead Guano dHardees Cotton Boll Home Mixture Guano dHightower Cos Damascus Am DisBone fcHope Guano J J Sparks Bone Kainit Compound aJack Thompsons Cotton Fertilizer dJack Thompsons Amd Dissolved Bone Jonahs Gourd Guano 1410 1400 1590 1400 1050 1400 1320 1275 1225 815 1350 850 121111 750 750 300 1400 13110 1400 1300 1250 1400 820 1200 850 1400 775 1400 1400 1250 1050 1400 925 140 225 140 225 225 175 llll 140 075 215 105 285 200 075 07i 150 175 245 225 100 220 175 200 005 250 175 285 175 225 005 285 175 100 Phosphoric Add 900 400 605 400 815 860 735 650 780 020 700 715 800 820 820 910 860 720 400 715 400 860 025 900 810 860 700 860 400 700 815 860 800 2 20 1120 535 305 910 535 210 1 40 280 5 30 330 390 32 23c 220 3 00 3 on 1 45 140 2 50 535 390 0311 40 385 320 3 50 140 25 9 35 1025 1000 1015 1180 11 10 1010 1025 9 50 10 20 1120 11 20 1055 10 00 970 9 35 I I 05 10 o 10 X 1010 1220 II 60 10 00 10 25 1000 935 10 05 1025 1000 975 5 5 255 265 293 265 210 225 334 260 220 260 221 225 300 265 265 245 225 255 205 260 215 225 230 225 3 til 225 2811 225 265 212 210 225 225 215 1 095 in 280 235 211 210 360 140 210 190 190 170 300 110 130 220 250 300 230 250 2 g 3 2711 2381 2532 130 2381 025 223 2520 2872 2837 2579 2557 2620 22S5 2700 2718 2718 2537 2521 2381 2381 2710 2483 2520 2481 2800 2988 2520 2609 2520 2381 2485 2255 2520 300 17 3111 13H 300 I25 300 210 2393 50 50 250 100 200 250 40 110 50 20 10 1000 100 100 250 1000 300 75 20 100 FOR WHOM INSPECTED 50 200 500 L00 Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston s c Jno R Long Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Adair Bros Co Atlanta Read Co New York Bradley Fertilizer Co BostonMass T R Raroepeck Decatur Ga J H Jones Son Elberton Ga Jno Merryman Co Baltimore G W Scott t Co Atlanta Ga P Romare Atlanta Ga P Romare Atlanta Ga Paldwin Co Savannah Ga Hammond Hull A Co Savannah Tnpin Ogden Co Macon Ga Raisin Ferlilizer Co Balimore The R J Ruth Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Hammond I ull fc Co Savannah Macon Oil Ferlilizer Co Macon Ga J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga Langston it Woodson Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Hammond HulUt Co Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 1001 Butler Turner Camilla Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Jno R Long Baltimore Md Port Royal Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Furman Farm lniprovemt Co E Pt Read Co New York Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass T R Ramspick D catur Ga E J Powers Wiln ingion N C Jno Merryman Co Barren Island NY Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta Ga Chemical Mining Co Atlanta Baldwin Co Port Roy 1 S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Roval S C Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md The R J Ruth Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baliimore Md Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Macon Oil Forlilzer Co Macon Ga J W Harle Co N Y Michigan Carbon Works DetroitMich Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Raiin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md G Ober Sous Co Baltimore Md Port Royal Fenilizer Co Pi Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal 8 C Butler Turner Camilla Ga IS hi w 3 IS H O S 0 W M Q d H d w is I IS o 0dJ E DeVaughns Amd Bone Superphos J T Hunts Favorite gj S Wood Bro Amd Dissolved Bone fcl S Wood Bro Amd Dissolved Bone J 0 Varnadoes Dissolved Amd Bone IKramers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ftKing Guano Koton Gua o Listers Ammoniat d Dissolved Bone oLittles Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Lowes Georgia Formula oL C Dis Bone with Amm and Potash cL R Ammoniated Guano iLockwood Cotton Grower iL C Dissd Bone with Am and Potash Listers Ammoniated Bone Phosphate L R Ammoniated Guano fcLion Guano Marietta High Grade Guano Mallett McCanlessBBB wMasoott Guano Matchless Cotton Grower nn Mastodon Guano o Miles I X L Amd Superphosphate Matchless Blood Bone and Potash Guauo Nassau Guano Navassa Guano Old Hickory Guano Orange Growers Special dOglethorpe Amd Dissolved Bone aOld Reliable Oriental Amd Bone Superphosphate Old Dominion Guano Oriental Bone Superphosphate Our Own Guaro Owl Brand Guano Olympic Guano Oriole High Grade Fertilizer Planters Pride Guano Potent Pacific Guano Planters Soluble Bone Pendleton Ammoniated Superphosphate Patapsco Amd Soluble Phosphate fcPotomac Guano Pure Animal Bone High Grade Veg Fer 1400 900 1500 1400 1425 850 1400 650 960 1175 1080 1175 13 750 1375 1250 1550 1400 1325 750 1500 725 1075 1175 1425 1425 1250 940 1315 1400 1050 750 1450 1350 1400 450 1400 925 1350 1300 1450 1150 1275 1400 875 176 220 220 225 200 285 225 100 150 210 320 210 250 300 250 150 225 225 105 110 145 120 310 200 155 200 215 080 075 175 225 300 310 215 110 240 145 210 100 28 300 175 150 225 2751 860 700 400 400 610 715 400 820 615 910 800 910 825 975 865 700 700 400 945 710 615 910 815 900 750 850 550 745 870 860 815 975 650 850 760 325 890 660 950 715 625 710 680 400 8151 200 10 00 9 50 930 935 985 9 50 935 1220 985 1110 1020 1110 1015 1140 1010 10 25 935 935 11 15 11 15 920 1285 1025 11 05 10 20 1010 2 20 200 190 1 65 145 3 25 2 535 170 4 05 3 05 375 210 2 05 300 160 445 3 60 11 05 2 05 140 210 165 3 25 195 250 620 2 360 160 200 3 55 329 80 10 75 1000 1025 1140 9 75 1045 1010 945 1125 1020 1110 9 980 10 39 1060 535 935 185llOO0 225 200 265 265 225 225 261 200 285 240 240 240 240 245 220 245 205 265 285 300 212 240 240 245 245 220 275 273 450 225 210 245 235 245 205 200 255 230 290 245 220 300 225 265 300 180 125 130 220 140 130 190 100 200 2520 2245 2368 2381 2423 2285 2381 2660 2179 150 200 211 155 150 220 200 1 200 220 110 210 160 200 220 185 185 200 2633 2448 2633 2501 2649 2369 2542 2259 2381 2785 2853 2168 2922 2166 2642 2579 2404 2558 2730 690 610 3103 2520 2235 2649 2365 2552 2391 22 2714 2426 27 2332 2354 2718 2440 2381 4318 75 50 25 10 50 25 10 157 50 200 200 100 100 300 300 50 25 100 100 100 100 200 200 100 100 300 12 20 1000 100 50 300 100 300 10 150 30 100 20 200 100 100 25 40 Hammond Hull Co Savannah Cosveta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Jno Merrymau Co Batimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Rome Oil Mills Fertr Co Rome Listers Agricultural and Chemical Works Baltimore Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Listers Agl Chem Wks New Ark Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co BaltimoreMd Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga Paul Romare Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Orr Hunter Athens Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Orr Hunter Athens Ga Jno D Weld Savaunah Ga Navassa Guano Co Wilmington National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn Wilcox Gibhs Guano CoSavannh Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah T D Caswell Augusta Ga Maddox Rucker Co AtlantaGa T D Caswell Augusta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Norton Vandiver Rome Ga Ashepoo Prosphatc Co Charleston Symington Bros Co Baltimore Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co PtRoyal S C Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Kaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd Jno Merryman Co Barren Isld NY Itaisio Feitilizer Co Baltimore Md Rome Oil Mills Fertilizer Co Rome Baltimore Listers Agricultural and Cheml Works Manufactd for Langston Woodson Elizahethport N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta Listers Agl Cheml Wks New Ark Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga GeorgiaChem Miug Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Orr Hunter Augusta Ga Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta Orr Hunter New York Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizahethport Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Port Roval Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Port Royal Fertilizer Co Pt Royal SC T D Caswell Augusta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga T D Caswell Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Davie Whittle Petersburg Va Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C H CO tel co C o o K tsl fed Q fed fed fed H tsi ts fed COTABLE 1Continued NAME OP BRAND Pure Peruvian Guano cPowhattan Raw Bone Superphosphate Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate Patapsco Guano dPort Royal Cotton Fertilizer iPalrons Amd Dissolved Bone P D Feitilizer Pelican Guano oo Pomona Guano Rabbit Foot Guano Keck City Superphosphate Bawls i Jerrys Dissolved Bone Rawls Perrys Amd Dissd Bone for Corn Rockdale Standard Ammoniated Guano wRamspecks Ammoniated Bone Phosphate Raw Bone Alkaline Superphosphate jRoughtons Pet High Grade Guano Reliance Ammoniate I Superphosphate Sparks Raw Bone Alkaline Superphsphate SlinglurTs Ammoniated Bone Solid South Guano Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime Sunbeam Soluble Gucno Sterns Amd law Boi e Superphosphate jlSibleye Amd Dissolved Bone 630 Miowdens Cotton Compound 1220 Special Cotton Fertilizer 1180 eSouth American Guano 1550 eSoluble Sea Island Guano 1550 Stonewall High Grade Amd Guano 850 1000 1125 1225 815 1051 630 1100 1050 12511 1511 1250 025 011 Pliosphoric Acid 535 250 2 240 1 250 225 110 200 200 1 15 035 1 20 lK 215 210 200 465 200 180 100 220 110 205 200 1 185 300 800 125 400 825 750 810 800 805 S25 710 025 900 650 727 820 720 620 750 000 540 750 715 050 720 600 930 900 020 6851 475 475 685 2 75 260 295 3 00 305 571 5 71 505 250 170 205 3 210 5 70 505 205 600 600 3 90 1020 10 15 9 85 10 00 000 1010 1025 945 1030 1270 1015 1000 1080 11115 1010 1055 12 70 10 10 065 1120 9 25 10 25 1140 E 747 240 200 240 225 220 240 245 265 2 43 279 200 2 2 45 260 240 243 235 2 40 265 290 240 245 201 1270 243 11 25 230 0 50 200 1075 275 1075 275 1075 243 275 210 220 175 300 150 225 225 2011 100 121 2 80 090 200 210 215 100 160 215 250 1S5 285 220 250 100 0 300 160 160 250 fc5 4195 2501 2620 2443 252H 2300 2551 2427 27 8 8640 2420 2520 2507 2557 25CO 2782 2277 2506 2520 2705 2441 2542 2702 2782 2505 2365 2653 2053 2040 BY WHOM INSPECTED 25 10 100 300 1000 200 50 12 100 100 100 30 150 25 10 50 50 10 20 100 50 200 335 100 13 III 100 100 20 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Walton Whann Co Charleston Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Har mond Hull Co Savannah Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Peterson Co Fort Gaines Ga DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga Gray Bros Augusta Ga National Fertilizer Co Nashville Teun Rawls Prry CuthbertGa Rawls Perry Cuthbert Ga Conyers Oil Fertilizer Co Con yers Ga T R Ramspeck DecaturGa G Ober A Sons Co Baltimore Md B E Rougbton Sandersville Ga Walton Whann Co Charleston G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Marietta Guano Co Marietta Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md TheAtlantnGuanoCo Atlanta Ga Sterns Fertilizer and Chem Manu facturing Co New Orleans R P G T Sibley Augusta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore wsi rPrtiler Co Baltimore Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Imported by The Wilcox Gibbs Gu ano Co Savannah Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C Patapsco Guao Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C MTd for Langston Woodson Atlinta Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Alabama Fertilizer Co Montgomery DjLeon Guano Co Pt Royal S C Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn Rawls Perrv Cuthb rt Ga Rawls Perry Cuthberti Ga Conyers Oil Fertilizer Co ConyersGa 1 R Ramspeck Decatur Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC Or Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Marietta Guano Co Marietla Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga c t tNew Orleans Sterns Fertilizer Chem Mfe Co Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga 1 aapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md iiaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah o HrJ W H K rs H O o a ti ta q w I o w sSoluble Pacific Guano Standard Amraouiated Bone Stono Soluble Guano fBaniana Guano jSparksI X L Amd Bone Superphos Standard Bone Superphosphate Star Brand Guano Special Cotton Fertilizer Soluble Sea Island Guano fcSouth American Guano JSparks I X L Amd Bone Superphos Sea Fowl Guano iSterling Guano Symington Ammoniated Bone Slingluffs Dissolved Bone Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime The Carrollton Fertilizer Turners Mixture Tennessee Superphosphate dTift Co Amd Superphosphate 2W A Briglnms Amd Dissolved Bone dW T Lane Bro Amd Dissolved Bone Walkers Gold Dust Wilcox ct Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano 03 Wando Soluble Guano to dWestons Amd Dissolved Bone XXX Guano Zells Amd Bone Superphosphate IZelVs Calvert Guano ZZells Amd Bone Superphosphate ZZells Electric Guano 1125 1400 1175 1450 1500 1350 900 800 1400 1400 1400 1475 750 1375 875 1100 925 750 1100 1400 1400 1400 1125 1225 1400 1400 1600 1200 1175 1175 1175 Average 2251 LID 130 310 221 220 100 250 225 225 225 175 300 150 210 250 185 200 125 175 1 75 175 075 110 220 175 050 220 300 300 500 750 700 925 650 400 510 720 600 400 400 400 750 975 700 1005 705 600 120 841 860 860 810 900 615 815 8H0 100 655 650 650 650 255 250 245 3 25 530 610 365 320 65 65 30 40 310 410 500 230 140 1 40 1 40 2 25 290l 1005 1010 1170 95 930 1120 10 85 920 935 935 935 1015 11 40 930 12 45 1015 1010 920 10 70 1000 10 00 1000 1125 905 220 140 950 310 330 330 330 280 205 23i 2 215 200 240 255 265 265 265 260 245 235 300 235 300 3731 2551 225 225 200 220 125 150 125 135 220 3 30 1 130 130 120 155 26041 2391 2632 2365 2368 2455 2111 2526 2381 2381 2381 2475 2649 10 35 1000 1050 9 65 980 980 980 10 30 225 250 425 175 300 3 00 225 300 245 210 245 2401 225 224 220 250 250 250 245 200 2347 2828 2500 27251 2998 2596 25201 2520 2520 26 2447 2521 2520 2566 2302 2370 2370 2370 305 200 800 275 150 100 100 100 500 J O Mathewson Co Augusta 300 Savannah Guano Co Savannah 101 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 300 Maddox Kucker Co Atlanta 50 J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga 40 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston 20 Cozart Burns Co Washington 10 P S Chappell Son Baltimore 100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore 50 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore 25 J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga 200 Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston 100 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 20 Symington Bros Co Baltimore 8 Boykin Carmer it Co Baltimore 115 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore 50 Stewart Fain Carrollton Ga 5 Hatch Turner Milledgeville Ga 12 National Fertilizer Co Nashville 50 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 100 Hammond Hull Co Savh Ga 50 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 200 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh 100 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston 100 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 31 A E Thornton Atlanta Ga 20 Zell Guano Co Baltimore 10 Zell Guano Co Baltimore 10 Zell Guano Co Baltimore 25 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md Pacific Guano Co Woods Hole Mass Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Kaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC Allison Addison Richmond Va P S Chappell 8on Baltimore Md Baisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Baisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Baisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md Boykin Cannerfc Co Baltimore Md G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Hatch Turner Milledgeville Ga National Fertilizer Co NashvilleTenn Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S 0 Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C I Wilcox t Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Tiopie Guano Co Elizabeth port N J Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md Kj GO El GO C fed c c K El M q fed H w fe3 El W GOTABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals Etc NAME OF BRAND Ashley AmmoniateG Dissolved Bone Ashley Acid Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate with Potash Aeid Phosphate without Potash Adairs Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Bone Ash A T Heaths Soluble Bone Acid Phosphate M a Ashepoo Acid Phosphate Ashley Dissolved Boue Atlantic Floats Atlantic Acid Pnosphate Atiantic Dissolved Bone Atlanta Soluble Bone Acid Phosphate with Potash Acid Phosphato Alpha Soluble Boue and Potash Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Brannons Soluble Guano Bowkers Dissolved BoDe Phosphate Baltimore Dissolved lione Baltimore Dissolved Bone Curacoa Guano Natural Phosphate Chatham Acid Phosphate Charleston Acid Phosphate Cotton Brand High Grade Acid Phosphate Concentrated Phosphate Dissolved Bone Phosphate FOR WHOM INSPECTED Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Walton Whann Co Charleston Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ashepoo Phosphate Co harleston Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Atlantic Phos Co Charleston 8 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston SC Atlantic Phos Co Charleston SC The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga GeorgiaChemicl Wks Augusta Ga National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Slingluff Co Baltimore MM Slingluff Co Baltimore Md National Fertilizer Co Nashville Jno D Weld Savannah Ga Slingluff Co Baltimore Slingluff Co Baltimore Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savii feLeon Guano Co Savannnh Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S C J H Jones Sons Elberton Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga J 0 Mathewson Co Augusta BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosph te Co Charleston Fnrman Farm Impt Co East Pt Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Atlantic PhosphteCo Charleston S C Atlantic PhosphtcCo ChailestonS C Atlantic Pin sphte Co Charleston SC The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Slingluff Co Baltimore Md National Fertilizer Co Nashville Bowker Fertilizer Co Elizabethport Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Slingluff t Co Baltimore Md Imptd by Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C Stono Phosphate Co Chart ston S C E J Powers Wilmington N C Impd by Savh Guano Co Savh Ga PaciBc Guano Co Charleston S C b N H H O o w M Q a H e W W I o c w 0 Dried Blood Dissolved Bone Phosphate Diamond Soluble Bone Dis olved Bone Ihoaptaate of Lime Dodos Chemicals for Composting Dissolved S C Bone DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate D A Baker Cos Dissolved Bone bEisto Acidulated Rock b Edisto Dissolved B ne Edisto Acid Phosphate Etiwan Amm nia ed Dissolved Bone Ezcl s Disso ved Bone eEnglish Dissolved Bone Etiwan Acid Phosphate uEutau cid Phosphate Etiwan Diss Ived Bone English Dissolved B ine XXX Fnlish Aod Phos hate Eagle Acid Phos hale jKale Acid Phosphate AE Frnnk Coes Acid Phosphae iEooiee Acid Phosphate Furman Farm ImptCo Acid Phospha e Parish Fornans Formula Fviimaii8 Ammooiated Soluble Bon nGeorgia State Standard eid Phosphate Georgia Stae Standard Disd Booe Phos Ground Fish Scrap dGroun I Bone Ammonia and Potash G W Scott Co Best Acid Phosphate Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate Grays Cot on Fertilizer High Grade Acid Phosphate Higli Grade Acid Fhophate pHightowers Cos Damascus Dissd Bone Phosphate High Grade Acid F hosphate ftHigu Grade Acid Phosphate 890 1225 950 1200 1150 1225 1180 1050 1050 1200 1075 1275 1623 1400 1425 910 850 1375 142 1100 1225 1575 850 1150 1185 950 950 125 150 311 1 SO 185 085 165 150 150 135 050 060 100 065 1150 12 035 090 0S5 0 200 100 035 085 120 1 1375 S00 1100 900 750 1350 950 1250 1225 Home Fertilizer Chemicals Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit 1250 1125 960 810 10 50 1135 820 11 15 1115 945 900 1275 11 45 900 1160 11 25 1400 1175 10 2U 12SO 1010 1125 1115 715 780 1210 175 1210 22H 2111 035 330 250 120 175 210 200 1S5 295 395 350 365 285 225 1080 143 1420 1355 11 60 1415 14 20 1045 295 1410 295 340 22 190 265 410 295 350 220 235 361 195 315 250 295 5 330 190 190 II 35 800 1210 300 10 25 1200 1210 1000 1010 380 510 125 710 4 00 1410 12 85 1125 1465 1410 1310 14 55 14 1620 1410 1385 14 13 13 75 1410 1240 1110 1400 1400 1015 13 10 1335 10 10 14 155 1355 190 365 315 1400 13 65 1325 904 130 100 150 175 1311 175 250 185 320 271 2154 2130 2033 1940 2123 2130 2012 2115 2115 2078 2263 2198 2115 2095 235S 2215 2430 2115 232S 2398 198S 2248 2115 21SO 2420 2100 2100 0S5 250 675 715 1390 1420 1280 1275 2USS 2215 2003 1765 21 2033 2100 204S 1988 2875 13 1420 1280 1275 25 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston 50 G Cher Sons Co Baltimore 200 Walton Whann C Charleston 500 J O Mathewson Co Augusta 50 alto Whann Co Charles on 20 Dambman TO Co Baltimore 50 DeLeou Guano Co Savannah 50 Elbert County Fertilizer Co Elber t it Ga 50 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston 50 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston 50 Edisto Ph sphate Co Charleston 50 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston 50 Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston 100 Savannah Gu no Co Sat at nah 100 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston 100 Ash poo Phosphate Co Charleston 100 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston 100 Savannah Guano Co Savannah 60 Pope Fleming Augusta Ga 100 T D Caswell Augusta Ga 100 T D Caswell Augusta Ga 100 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Md 150 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC 500 dir Bros Co Atlanta Ga 200 Adair Bros Co Atlan a Gs 200 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah H innioiid Hull Co savannah Wileox GibOs Guano Co Savh Langston Woodson Atlanta G W Scott Co Atlanta B ltlwitt Co Savannah Ga Wileox Gihbs Guano Co Savh Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Jno Merryman Co Baltimore 15 300 500 20 150 1110 100 50 Kill 400 10 400 25 50 100 Hammond Hull Co Savannah Navassa Guano Co Wilmingtn NC Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Bovkin Carmer Co Baltimore Wileox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston G Ober k Sons Co Baltimore Md Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Pacific Guam Co Charleston S C Walton Whann Co Charleston S C Dambmai Bros Co Baltimore DeLeons Guano Co Port Royal S C Elhert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga Edisto Phosphate Co Char eston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phophate Co Charleston Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Etiwan Phos bate Co Charleston Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Imptd by W X Sewtrd Co Savh T D t aswell Charlt ston S C T D Caswell AugustaGa Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti more Md Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston BC Furman Farm Impt Co East PL Ga Furman Farm Impt Co last PL Ga Furman Farm Improvemt Co FastPt Hammond Hnll Co PL Royal S C Hammond Hull k Co PL Royal S C Wileox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Mftl for Langston Woodson Atlanta G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin A Co Port Royal S C Wileox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ga Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti more Md Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Kavassa Guano Co Wilmington IS a Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti more Md Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Imptd by Wileox Gihbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Imported by Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imported by Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imptd by Hammond Hull Co Savh r CO is CO o ld a c Q M f w is coTABLK No II Continued NAME OF BRAND Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit 01 Lowrys Standard Fertilizer Longs Prepared Chemicals Liters Harvest Queen Fertilizer Listers Celebrated Ground Bone 1075 1050 1280 fLockwoods Acid Phosphate L R Acid Phosphate Mattox Rucker Co High Grade Cotton Acid Phosphate Mattox Rucker Co High Grade Acid Phosphate Magnolia Acid Phosphate National Dissolved Bone Nassau Dried Bone Phosphate National Potash Superphosphate firOglethorpe Acid Phosphate Orchilla Guano Natural Guano gOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate O K Dissolved Bone and Potash dP E Ground Bone Ammonia and Potash Pure Raw Ground Bone Pure Animal Bone Meal and Potash Pure Animal Bone Meal 1100 900 820 750 1000 1250 1375 1280 950 825 950 900 1375 680 450 Phosphoric Acid 275 300 145 1925 075 510 210 250 075 150 07 010 175 1310 175 215 220 2050 1180 2260 550 800 740 1280 520 760 1025 13 25 900 1050 775 1210 000 1210 1100 635 320 295 480 1030 195 480 500 400 155 155 310 335 190 520 100 280 380 1120 1035 1110 1400 520 1400 1380 1015 125 115 150 li 150 150 415 285 515 1285 1150 1156 1370 1285 1150 1156 1370 1420 1420 1350 075 230 100 185 300 210 235 130 300 210 086 1350 2020 1910 2200 2398 1800 2130 2138 2455 2193 2440 24J0 2100 780 2100 2760 2088 S3 500 100 500 20 6 301 FOR WHOM INSPECTED Baldwin Ss Co Savannah Ga Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Savannah Guano Co Savannah Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Jno D Weld Savannah Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore J IS Long Baltimore Md Listers Agricultural and Chemical Works New Ark N J Listers Agricultural and Chemicai Works New Ark N J Clarence Angier Atlanta Lorentz Bittler Baltimore Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Orr Hunter Athens Ga Ed McDonald Cuthbert Ga Jno D Weld Savannah National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn Hammond Hull Co Savannah S W Travers Co Richmond Hammond Hull k Co Savannah Orr Hunter Athens Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Winters Legg Marietta Ga 10 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh 10 Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah Imptd by Jno Merryman Co Balti more Md Imptd by Savannah Guano Co Savh Imptd by Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Imptd by Atlantic i hos Co Charles ton S C Imptd by Bowker Fertilizer Co Eliza bethport N J Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md J R Long Baltimore Md Listers Agricultl and Chemical Works New Ark N J Listers Agricultl and Chemical Works New Ark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Orr Hunter Augusta Ga National Fertilizer Co Nashville Bowkers Fertilizer Co Elizabethport N J National Fertilizer Co Nashville Tenn Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C S W Travers Co Richmond Va Hammond Hull Co St Royal S C Orr Hunter Augusta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodson Atlanta Sterns Fertilizer and Chemical Mfg Co New Orleans La Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah 5 w H fed O t Q fed M o a t1 d fed I fed C fed OoPort Royal Acid Phosphate gPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate iPalmetto Acid Phosphate iP D Acid Phosphate Pioueer Acid Phosphate Pomona Acid Phosphate Phosphate Potash ard Ammonia Potash Acid Phosphate gPort Royal Dissolved bone Phosphate for Composting Potasso Phospho Phosphate Potash and Ammonia Phosphate Meal Raisins Phosphate R E Masons Bone Superphosphate Slingluffs High Grade Acid Phosphate Sunny South Acid Phosphate cStonewall English Acid Phosphate Stono Acid Phosphate Stono Dissolved Bone Sovereign Guano Standard Acid Phosphate jSterling Acid Phosphate as Soluble Bone Dust Swifts Dissolved Bone Sterns Dissolved Bone Southern Acid Phosphate Tankage gV H Briehams Dissolved Bone Phos oWestons Dissolved Bone Phosphate Walkers Dissolved Bone Wando Dissolved Bone Wando Acid Phosphate Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Wilcox Gibbs Cos Superphosphate XX Acid Phosphate 950 950 1575 1575 1550 1400 1400 1125 950 850 950 1X25 1400 400 1125 875 1625 700 840 1575 1250 1100 00 1080 1200 1550 Average 175 175 100 100 L85 000 255 250 175 100 210 250 1940 050 200 800 005 10U 185 005 375 120 075 050 065 050 950 1245 1650 1750 1100 950 1300 12 101 12 10 1125 11 25 800 1050 625 815 1210 1055 870 600 760 600 825 1210 1145 1070 1175 805 815 12 1520 00 190 190 250 250 350 i05 875 205 190 880 410 465 1400 1400 1375 1375 1150 13 55 1000 1110 14 00 1435 12 10 65 065 13 00 105 175 175 110 060 070 150 165 100 1175 1210 1210 810 1150 1155 1000 4 1215 615 500 385 215 265 320 275 325 295 195 205 275 155 265 136 13 75 1100 12 10 1425 14 10 1390 1450 1130 1110 14 75 1725 1075 14 55 1440 185 185 175 155 225 015 280 125 21001 21001 22481 2248 1900 2033 2090 1890 2100 2108 2200 2251 080 190 190 305 300 290 235 565 050 1400 1400 1115 14 50 1445 1235 995 195 14 10 110 610 2063 1730 1815 2138 2115 150 2235 2175 00 2155 120 185 108 1785 23 98 2588 2073 2183 2160 125 2160 2100 2100 1798 2175 2168 2513 2115 13 45 185 2255 OOOlHammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah 200 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC 150 Ashepoo Phos Co harleston SC 40 Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C 50 DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga 50 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga 140 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Mel 50 Hammond Hull Co Savannan Ga 8 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga 500 Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga 50 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga 5 Paul Weidenger New York 10 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 10 R E Mason Westminster S C 36 Slingluff Co Baltimore Md 200 Jno M Green Atlanta Ga 100 Harrold Johnson Co Americus 100 Stono Photphate Co Charleston 100 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 250 Jno M Green Atlanta Ga 100 100 100 50 115 10 15 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Clarence Angler Atlanta Ga Rogers Worsham Co Macon Ga T M Swift Elberton Ga Sterns Fertilizer Chemical Mfg Co New Orleans Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga J O Jelks Co Hawkinsville Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah 100 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C 100 100 100 100 100 Wando Phos Co Charleston S 0 Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Sav Ga Walton Whann Co Charleston Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston SC Ashepoo Phosphte Co Charleston SC Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC DeLeon Guano Co Port Royal S C Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Geo W Scott Co Alanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Paul Weidenger New York Raisin Fertilizer fo Baltimore Russell Coe Linden N J Slingluft Co Baltimore Md Mass Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Imported by Harrold Johnson Co Americus Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Clark Cove Guano Co New Bedford Mass Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Elbert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga New Orleans Sterns Fertilizer Chemical Mfg Co Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga A B Mayer Manufng Co St Louis Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SC Stono Phosphate Co Charleston SC Wando Phosphato Co Charleston SC Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Ga Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Lees Prepared Agricultural LimeLime 7250 Ammonia 090 Potash 070 Manufactured by A S Lee Richmond Va Inspection requested by J M Ander SntARaw bone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insoluble rtiniich rfracticallv it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 40 DplicIte BrInd I Insome Instances fertilizers manufactured the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulk being In every respect identical arefcrfd ndedfffereniJname Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a 6 c etc prefixed to the samethose having the same letter the same tonJMjiBnt food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily becomes available if from animalCne Itbecomes avallabll within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural guanos andbones have therefore value in this connection if immediate result are not desired cc tei w o O C i w o M w r CO CO fTABLE III AMMONIATED SUPERPHOSPHATES OP LIME This table represents analyses of special samples officially drawn from lots in the hands of Retail Dealers and Farmers NAME OF BRAND Americus Ammoniated Bone Superphos Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone AmToniated Alkaline Phosphato I A J Sparks I X L Amd Bone Superphos Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate ADissolved Raw Bone Ashepoo Fertilizer Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer Aurora Ammoniated Phospho Acme Fertilizer Bates Georgia Standard Guano Baldwin Cos Ammd Dissolved Bone Bonanza Fertilizer Baltic Ammoniated Bone Barrys Chemical Fertilizer Brdleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Brighton Guano Bradleys Patent Supephos of Lime Baldwin k Cos Ammd Dissolved Bone Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer Burke County Fertilizer Buffalo Bone Guano Bakers Standard Guano Chesapeake Guano Chapp1s Champion Ammd Superphos Cherokee Ammoniated Bone Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime 1465 1250 850 1190 1300 875 900 1075 1120 1250 1150 690 1200 1100 750 1000 650 770 850 1400 1410 1000 1875 1550 1225 1200 1240 1450 Phosphoric Acid 110 210 250 200 2 165 410 100 175 19 075 115 180 145 180 240 340 160 250 240 150 175 150 515 185 235 100 250 n 925 810 765 560 450 690 475 630 453 595 720 600 810 580 615 745 710 700 800 885 780 760 750 730 350 625 720 800 175 220 300 470 655 250 475 370 772 295 130 295 260 390 370 200 270 320 315 180 320 270 1100 1030 1065 1030 1105 940 950 1000 1225 890 850 895 1070 970 985 945 980 1020 1115 1005 1100 1020 1025 940 1000 950 1010 1050 250 240 280 215 265 212 210 275 215 212 243 267 231 245 21 200 232 215 310 260 260 240 210 230 270 220 235 235 250 125 2 150 210 220 210 100 162 175 091 200 200 075 170 J25 240 120 205 175 210 S 2700 2438 2724 2383 2716 2308 2097 2590 2625 2175 2227 2287 2544 2439 2448 2227 2337 2458 2785 2635 2657 25 250 2460 245 175 215 150 125 2391 2539 2344 2417 2452 IN THE HANDS OF Mitchell Mclntyre Thomasville A P Brantley Co BlackshearGa T N J W Smith Teunille Ga J R West Macon Ga A J Sparks Quitman Ga Henry Gilbert Washir gton Ga Ford Bass RomeGa Sims Phair Washington Ga Coleman Ray Macon Ga C W Slaton Griffin Ga T H Dearing Athens Ga M L Bates Griffin Ga T D Guinn Covington Ga A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga Battey Hamilton Rome Ga J R Hogan Lincoln County W E Shields Thomson Ga Dr Fred Hunter Wilkes County J Mabbett Quitmau Ga Jones Roberts Valosta Ga J W Harrell Son V ldosta Ga Wilkins Ss Berrien Millen Ga T H Daniel Son Millen Ga Bass McKinnon ThomasvilleGa Muse Brown Albany Ga 1 O Varnadoe Valdosta Ga McClain Evai s ThomasvilleGa C C Varnadoe Valdosta Ga BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Williams Clark Co New York Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Juo Merryman Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md The Raisin Fertilizer Co BaltimoreMd Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Northwestern Fertilizer Co CMeagoIU Ashepoo Fertilizer Co Charleston S C Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Acme Manufacturing Co Wilmington M L Bates Griffin Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Bead Co New York Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md E Barry Augusta Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Damhman Bros Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Baldwin Co Savannnh Ga Bowk r Fertilizer Co Boston and N Y WavnesboroOil Mill and Fertilizer Co Waynesboro Ga Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me fed H Ed H O w M Q d f a fed I O fed O W Crown Guano 1400 Cotton Compound 1050 Capitol Cotun henilizr 1260 Chesapeake Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1300 Coweta HighGrade Guano 1080 Dissolved Bone Carolina 950 DeLeons Co mplete Cotton Fertilizer1300 Eddys one Soluble Guan1485 E Frank Cos Ammoniated BoneSui erphos 950 Etiwan Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1250 Empire Guano 1250 Excellent Georgia Standard Guano 1400 Excelsior Ammonia ed Bone Fertilizer 1450 Etiwan Guano 1100 Edlsto Aiumoninted Soluble Bone 1250 Eutatl Fertilizers 1190 Furmans High Grade Guano 950 Forest City Am otiiatcd Dissolved Bone 1450 Farmeis Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1100 Gossypium Phospho1250 Goublittgs Bone Compound 1250 Gem Guano 1225 Goudings Bone Compound1340 Georgia Test Gdatto 1275 03 Oeoriria State Standard 1450 oo Georgia State Grange fertilizer 1460 Groii d Bone Ammonia and Potash 920 Georgia Pacific Guano 13 Gossvpium Phospho1200 Horse Shoe Brand Ammd Dissolved Bne 1170 Home Mixture Guano 775 Homesti ad Guano1020 Houghs Ammoniated Dissolvd Bone 550 Hardees Cotton Boll Superphosphate 1300 Hayes Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1550 Home Mixture Guano 800 Home Conound 920 Inmans Monarch Guano1100 J S Wood Bros Ammd Dissolved Bone 1350 Koton Guano 540 King Guano12 Lockwoods Cotton Grower1150 L k R Ammoniated Guano 1500 Listers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1 Lowes Georgia Formula 900 L C Diss Bone with A mm and Potash 880 Mascoits Ammoniated Bone Fertilizer 1350 Mastodon Ammoniated Soluble Phos 800 Matchless Cotton Grower 1170 Miles X X L Ammoniated Phosphate1020 08 190 105 150 170 22 065 3 225 200 250 215 150 250 125 135 135 175 22 17 275 23 215 200 189 235 13 220 1 310 270 145 220 145 150 200 18 120 220 180 250 235 235 250 260 06 150 225 245 190 760 i10 650 450 660 515 975 500 8o 725 400 450 710 500 905 790 760 850 855 550 750 450 800 620 845 875 740 450 715 690 625 8 460 785 820 050 635 845 435 700 450 725 650 700 710 720 715 850 800 810 205 370 360 fi30 240 5 60 1 25 4 85 2 55 275 500 460 3 21 5 80 220 370 3 21 380 1 75 195 2 90 5 X 300 3 10 3 f 85 6 20 210 1 60 3 15 380 1 55 6 2 45 6 15 2 00 380 3 80 965 980 1010 1080 9 00 1075 11 00 9 060 1000 9 60 910 1030 1080 1125 1160 1080 1020 1180 9 1035 1120 1075 1000 1020 1070 1030 985 1015 1000 1020 920 1080 995 980 365 1015 1000 1100 945 1065 925 1030 1080 2 50 9 00 3 35 1055 285 1000 270 1120 1 41 9 40 290 1100 255 270 235 210 218 200 28 285 260 210 235 215 210 240 230 23C 220 225 235 220 21 230 230 220 26 205 224 273 300 280 240 273 212 210 310 300 26 271 305 285 220 230 260 220 24 260 260 224 215 10023M 055 2389 220 2487 150 2442 150 2198 130 2382 225 2787 210 2600 185 2607 295 2467 155 2347 3002353 145I2302 110 248 075 2191 195 2674 260 2584 2452495 185 2707 350 2740 150 2407 150 2518 125 2474 150 2386 250 2484 200 2653 0752276 i 35 2380 215 2611 2460 175 2601 2148 250 2743 248 2418 150 2292 220 2600 230 2713 110 2464 215 2745 230 2624 235 2745 150 2242 220 2501 280 2732 160 080 140 175 210 210 2301 2417 247 2687 2337 2644 M M C C Philiips Acworth Ga Anderson fc Son Maiietta Ga J PJones Thomson Ga R West Macon Ga C W Slatnn Griffin Ga II Aki s Co Gainesville Ga McClain Evans Thomasville Ga E B Bush Colquitt Ga i Smith Calholin ounty S R Weston Son Albany Ga McClain Evans Th masvilleGa II P Brantlev Co BlaekshearGa Jno T Roberts Valdosta Ga K Young Co Eatonton Gi Benson A Collev Washington Ga II Atkins Co Gainesvile Ga erkersonMoore Co AuslellGa J J Hodge Quitma Ga L It Farmer Louisville Ga T J Morgan Americus Ga C C Sheppard AmeriiUS Ga It 11 Haulaway Thotuasville Ga D K Johnson Blaekshear Ga It H Hardaway Thomasville Ga J Mabbett Quitman Ga Goodwin Shaw Valdosta Ga J CForbes Co LaGr nge Ga Tinpin Ogden Macnn Ga E Vinson Milledgev ille Ga A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga At Depot Plains 1 I Dura Ga WB Lee Covingon Ga Hatch I timer Milledgcville Gn Walker McCatheren Waynesboro S 1 II yes Thomasville Ga Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus A P Wright Co ThomasvilleGa JN Cooper LnGrange Ga Griffin Slaten Co Valdosta Ga Batty Haniilt n Rome Ga K L Worthy Americus Ga W B lee Covington Ga Lewis Sermons Arlington Ga W P Perry Calhonn County Rogers Worsham Co Macon Ga W B t S C Candler Villa HkaGa A T Mclntyre Thomasville Ga Q lord Tenuille Ga Orr it Hunter Athens Ga Jno Barnard LaGrange Ga Trcadwel Abbott Co Atlanta Ga EdSnowden Baltimore Md s W Travers Co Richmond Va Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Coweta Fertilizer Co rewnan Ga Ashlei Phosphate Co Charleston SC DeLeon Guano Co Savannah Ga ClaiksCoveGuanoiCn N BedfordMass K Frank Coe Barren Island N Y Etiwan Phosphate Co CharlestonS C Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano C Savannah Ga Etiwan Phosphate o Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlesonSC Furnian Farm Imp Co East Point Ga Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Port Roval Fertilizer Co Pt RoylSC Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga W it H M Gouiding Baltimore Md W B Seas Baltimore Md W H M Goul ting Baltimore Md Jno Merryman it Co Baltimore Md limmond Hull it Co Port RoyalSC Baldwin it Co Savannah Ga Langston it Woodson Atlanta Ga Clarks Cove Gtiano Co N BedfordMass Geo W Sco t it Co Atlanta Ga Northwestern Fert Co Chicago 111 nlumbust Fert Co Columbus Ga Michigan Carbon Works Detroit Mich Maeon 1 il and Fert Works Macon Ga Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C S L Hayes Thomasville Ga Columbus Fert Co Co umbus Ga A I Wrinht Co Thomasville Ga Williams Clark Co New York Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Rome Oil Mills and Fert Co RomeGa Raisin FertilizerOo Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Lorentzit Rittler Baltimore Md Lister Bros Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Lansston Woodon Atlanta Ga M Y D Q Mclntyre SavannahGa Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Mfd for Orr Hunter Athens Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Kj CO CO O o O w o t1 tr1 ts H N W COTABLE No litContinued NAME OF BRAND Navassa Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer IVassfiu Guano Oriole Hlgn Grade Fertilizer OurOwn Amruoniated Bone Fertilizer Olethorne Animoniatel Dissolved Bone Old Domr ion Guano Owl Brand Guano Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer Plow Boys Brand os Pendletons Anunoniated Superphos Planters Soluble Guano Pe dletons Amrnoniiitcd Dissolved Bone Patapsco Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Plow Itrand Kaw Bone Superphos Pomona Guano Potomac Guano Roy 1 Supe phosphate Reids Standard Sunbeam Soluble Guano SinglufPs Pure Dissolved Bone Sterns Ammd Haw Bone Superphos Stir Brand Guano Solid South Guano Siouo Soluble Guano Stono Soluble Guano Soluble Sea Island Guano Sterling Guino Stonewall Ammonintftd Guano Soluble Ammonitited Suprphos oi Lime Soluble Pacific Quano Seals Anunoniated Bone Superphos Soluble Guano Tilt Cos Amnid Bone Superphos Tennessee Superphosphate 1215 1100 13 1025 1350 1140 46E 1370 UU0 1140 1100 1151 1340 1000 1200 1100 1400 1150 1200 800 900 200 200 200 105 250 290 230 150 2K 110 275 240 245 300 105 225 250 180 31 2 7 170 100 100 125 380 200 275 275 230 235 235 2 10 200 150 Phosphoric Acul x 405 700 055 015 850 515 550 705 XC0 0 040 686 020 03r 825 500 810 685 510 905 490 080 735 800 770 450 800 000 710 715 525 620 825 700 5 S 245 285 4 25 180 405 400 2 05 1 95 2 95 420 390 400 4 285 010 345 300 440 115 600 410 3 05 185 180 605 335 5 85 3 55 990 1005 940 lu40 1030 990 950 1000 995 970 1000 10 1080 1000 11 10 1110 11 985 950 10 10JO 1090 1100 985 900 1115 1135 11a 1055 315 1000 505 1030 405108 190 1015 345J1045 275 220 235 215 220 200 200 210 218 315 230 245 240 235 275 270 250 243 255 350 265 240 285 320 245 310 215 23 25 240 260 24 220 243 50 61 a 2555 2382 2437 2428 2549 2275 2235 2422 2300 2728 2470 2172 2538 2o 2700 2744 2808 2344 2416 2733 2738 2613 2752 2007 2234 2825 2591 2710 2584 2568 2532 2537 2502 2494 IN THE HANDS OF Hunt Co Marietta Ga no Barnard LaGrange Ga J O Vamadoe Valdosia Ga Bass t McKinnonThorausvilleGa S L Hayes Thomasville Ga Lemon McMillan Co Acworth Jno T Bwkman Palmetto N J R Hines Milledgeville Ga Rogers Worsbaiu Co MaconGa F J lei kins Co Columbus Ga Carter Bradley Columbus Ga F J Jenkins it Co Columbus Ga Dr McCall Quitman Ga Kountiee Co Quitman Ga Giiflin siateu Co Valdosta Gi C It Ashlev Valdosta Ga P E Boyd Ieary Ga K Keid Eatonton Ga Hay Stanley Valdosta Ga J Mabbett Quitman Ga B R Legg Marietta Ga Hunt Co Marietta Ga Lemon McMillan Co Acworth Rogers Worsham Co MaconGa VV E Shields Thomson Ga N W Bedingfeld Wadlev Ga N W Bedingfeld VVadlev Ga D W Aired Louisville Ga Tift Co Albany Ga S R YVeston Son Albany Ga McClain Evans ThomasvilleGa Roumree Co Quitman Ga Tift Co Albany Ga Anderson Sou Marietta Ua BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Navassa Guano Co WilmingtonN C Bowker Fert Co Elizabeth port N 1 Symington Bros Co BaltimoreMd Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Hammond Hull Co Pt RovalS C Mfd Maddox Ritcker fc Co Atlanta Davie Whittle Petersburg Va Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal 8 C Mfd Rogers Worsham Co Macon Pendleton Guauo Co Atlanta Ga Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga PatapseoGuauo Co Baltimore Md Walton Whaun Co WilmingtonDel Deleon Guano Co Savannah Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Boykin farmer Co BaltimoreMd Sterns Fert Cheui Mfg Co New Orleans La Allison ii Addison Richmond Va Marietta Guauo Co Marietta Ga Stouo Phosphate Co Charleston S C Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Raisiu Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa Chesapeake Guauo Co BaltimoreMd G Ober Sous Co Baltimore Md Pacific Guano Co Boston Mass W B Seals Baltimore Md Ashlev Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Hammond Hull Co Pt Roval S C National Fert Co Nashville Tenu O H 13 H C a Ed a q t1 H W I Q o w oWileox Gbbs t Co Manipulated Guano Wando Soluble Guano Westons Ammonialed Dissolved Bone W T Lane A Bros Amd Dissolved Bone Zells Atnuioniaied Bone Superphos Zells Kconomizer 1350 075 510 4151 055 255 210 2459 nno 275 825 295 1120 230 175 2591 185 200 850 1 70 10 20 220 301 2584 1375 150 811 28011090 211 205 2660 750 310 075 275 950 215 111 2319 11 10 200 013 487ll00 213 175 2506 Jones fc Roberts Valdosta Ga T N J W Smith Tennille Ga S R Weston Son Albany Ga W T Lane t Bro Valdosta Ga W M Phillips Co Cedartown W H Cammell Gainesville Ga Wileox Gibbs Gnano Co Savannah Wando Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Port Roval Fert Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Zell iuano Co Baltimore Md Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md CD GO O 3 O O Q M 00 00 sACID PHOSPHATES DISSOLVED BONES CHEMICALS ETC TABLE IVThis table represents analyses of special samples officially drawn from lots in the hands of Retail Dealers and Farmers g NAME OF BRAND Atlanta Soluble Hone Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate 2 Acid Phosphate Ammontated Dissolved Bone Atlantic Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Baldwin Cos Acid Phosphate Bales Phospnate Guano Barrvs Phosphate of Lime Bowkers Dissolved Bone Baltimore Diss Bone with Am Potash Dobbs Chemicals for Composting Dissolved Hone Ihosphate of Lime Diamond Soluble Bone Dissolved Bone Ihosphate S C Extra tine Ground Bone EdistoAcid Phosphate Etiwan Acid Phosphate Etiwan Dissolved Bone Farish Furmans Formula Furmans Ammoniated Soluble Bone G W Scott Co High Grade Acid Pho G Ober Sous Co Diss Bone Phosphate Georgia State Grange Acid Ihosphate Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate 850 800 ooo 1rS0 900 1200 hi 1500 500 1400 800 840 1190 1000 1425 11SO iSSi lti00 1200 1430 1100 1250 1175 1450 600 1050 14101 140 180 060 050 040 250 180 080 0 120 1 170 1 050 07 23c 110 1420 0110 100 175 050 200 050 075 065 155 060 290 Phosphoric Acid 1250 950 960 820 II 60 650 950 1100 1150 790 975 885 680 815 890 1010 930 985 840 910 710 715 805 940 10IK 1075 210 903 310 400 860 480 381 471 400 325 2 3 35 1 20 34 3 40 475 5 95 400 4Ml TM 3 55 38 310 335 6 3 4 5 350 2 95 230 495 1560 13 50 1320 1300 1345 11 21 13 50 1425 14 25 1125 1095 1230 1020 1290 14 81 14 10 1410 iiiiis 1195 1295 1020 1050 1442 1395 1350 13 70 14 40 1400 15 SIS iiis 250 200 150 150 115 080 050 190 150 128 190 150 200 285 40 302S 2180 2100 201 2334 2140 138 2138 2000 1692 2035 2048 2063 28 2115 2115 2087 1943 1943 1730 2100 2163 2092 202 2055 2160 2100 IN THE HANDS OF J L Harris Quitman Ga J L smith Co Daltou Ga Coleman Hoy Maeon Ga Jackson Vincent Athens Ga Carter Bradley Columbus Ga N W Bedlngfeld Wadley Ga Muse Brown Albanv Ga Tilt A Co Albanv Ga Mitchell McIntyre Thomasville Bales Guano Factory Itome Ga I R Hngan Washington Ga J D White LaGrange Ga J II Henley Borne Ga S C Dobbs Athens Ga A B Small Maeon Ga RountreeCo Quitman Ga A J Sparks Quitman Ga Roberts VVilkcs Vnldosta Ga I N J W Smith Tennille Ga Sims Pharr Washington Ga A A Fletcher Co MariettaGa It M Harlan Calhoun Ga B M Harlan Calhoun Ga T J Hunt Columbus Ga W H O G Sparks Maeon Ga Benson ckColley Washington Ga Walker MeCatheren Wayuesboro Jno Tellnian Quitman Ga B K Legg Marietta Ga BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga National Pert Co Nashville Tenn Navasxa Guano Co WilmingtonNC Atlantic Ihos Co Charleston S C Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Walton Whaun CoWilmingtonDel Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa Baldwin Co Port Royal s C Bales Guano Factory Rome Ga E Barry Augusta Ga Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston N Y Slinglufffc Co Baltimore Md Walton Whaun CoWilmingtonDel Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C Walton Whaun Co WilmingtonDel G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md W L Bradley Boston Mass Edisto Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Etiwan Phasphate CoCharlestonS C Etiwan PhosphateCoCharleston8C Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Md Mfd for B R LegggMarietta Ga 15 w hi K a H c w tI a d t1 H d K I 0 ft O W Kainlt Listers Celebrated Ground Bone Magnolias Acid Phosphate Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate Pure English Acid Phosphato Potasso Phoipho Best Acid Phosphate Patapsco Acid Phosphate Pure Ground Bone Soluble Bone Dust Stono Acid Phosphate SlinglufTs High Grade Acid Phosphate Sovereign Ammoniated Superphosphate Sunny South Acid Phosphate Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Wando Acid Phosphate X X Acid Phosphate 1380 875 1350 1150 1550 1175 480 450 1400 860 825 1065 1400 1565 085 175 065 170 075 1995 075 150 170 2 25 0 85 315 165 180 07 138 1210 760 1050 ioa5 1121 880 075 1200 87 965 900 2 21 140 225 345 325 220 270 445 445 2 240 345 410 11 95 1525 1435 1105 137 1255 139 1305 1120 1430 1115 1310 1310 315 394 055 L50 1580 1380 240 175 250 23 1945 2288 2153 1897 2238 2133 2322 195 2156 2145 2273 1965 1965 3 J O Varnadoe Valdosta Ga S C Evans Wadley Ga Orr Hunter Athens Ga Hightower Co Damascus Ga J J Johnson Quitman Ga T J Hunt Columbus Ga Wight Weslosky Albany Ga B R Legg Marietta Ga Rogers Worsham Co MaconGa Carter Bradley Columbus Ga Northcutt Johnson AcworthGa W S Jackson West Point Ga W A Floyd Villa Rica Ga T N J W Smith Tennille Ga G P BooneJt Bro GainesvilleGa A M Eady fe Co West Point Ga Bowker Fert Co Elizabethport N J Lister Bros Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Impd by Wilcox it Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Stems Fertilizer Chemical Mfg Co New Orleans La Mfd Rogers Worsham fc Co Macon Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Clarks Cove GuanoCoNBeclfordMass Clarks Cove GuanoCoNBedfordMass Wando Phosphate Co Charleston S C Wando Phosphate Co Charleston C Walton Whann Co CharlestonSC k tea CO C c o K K w o M t1 tel W H N W W CO I f22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REMARKS The foregoing analyses were made by Prof H C White Analytical Chemist of the Department whose general report appears on page During the season of 188687 there were 156078 08 tons of commercial fertili zers inspected and analyzed for the Georgia market and admitted to sale The following table shows the amount inspected by each inspector O T Rogers Inspector at Savannah 5035025 tons M A Stovall Inspector at Augusta 3797100 tons J S Lawton Inspector at Atlaita 8442100 tons J W Murphey Inspector ot Columbus 1047500 tons J H Pate Inspector at Brunswick 10 922 33 totls L W Livingston Inspector at Rome 305000 tons W B Jones Inspector at Rome 988850 tons Total16607808 tons The following table shows the number of distinct inspections made made by each inspector during the season the average number of tons in each inspection the whole number of inspections made and the average amount of each Number of Inspections O T Rogers M A Stovall J S Lawton J W Murphey J H Pate L W Livingstonf W B Jones Total 295 176 359 68 177 12 146 Average Amount of each Inspection 171 tons 215 tons 95 tons 154 tons 112 tons 254 tons 68 tons 1232 134 tons Inspector Murphy was engaged most of the Beason in making Special inspections etc which accounts for the comparatively small number of original inspections credited to him t Resigned November 311886 t Appointed December 11886 98ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 23 COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last twelve seasons There were inspected during the season of 187566531600 tons There were inspected during the season ot 187677582400 tons There were inspected during the season of 187789317800 tons There were inspected during the season of 187898504900 tons There were inspected during the season of 18798011958300 tons There wore inspected during the season of 1880115240400 tons There were inspected during the season of 1881212542700 tons There were inspected during the season of 1882312537700 tons There wsre inspected during the season of 1873415184900 tons There wers inspected during the season of 1884517015300 tons There were inspected during the season of 1885616070500 tons There were inspected during the season of 1886716607808 tons AMMONIATED AND NONAMMONIATLD FERTILIZERS OR ACID PHOSPHATES Of the whole amount of fertilizers placed upon the market during the past sea son 12161308 tons were Ammoniated Superphosphates and 40899 tons were Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones It is well to remark that those brands which con tain not less than eight per cent of available phosphoric acid and two per cent of ammonia are classed as Ammoniated Superphosphates and those containing less than two per cent of ammonia and not less than ton per cent of available phos phoric acid are classed as Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones This classification is made without regard to the name of the brand as will be seen by reference to the tables The fertilizing materials which do not belong to either of the fore going are clashed as Chemicals and Compounds other than Ammoniated Superphos phates and Dissolved Bones Of this class there were 3566 tons iuspeeted and analyzed and are included in table No II The number of tons of Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Rones inspected in Geor gia during the past twelve seasons is as follows For the season of 187566499 tons For the season of 1876712842 tons For the season of 1877815332 tong For the seeson of 1878910291 tons For the season of 18798013906 tons For the season of 1880122036 tons For the season of 18812 20602 tons For the season of 1882331017 tons For the season of 1883439154 tons For the season ef 1884535012 tons For the season of 1885687451 tons For the season of 1886740899 tons Of the whole quantity inspected the percentage of Aeid Phosphates for each season is as follows For 187661166 per cent For 187671282 per cent For 187781962 per cent 9424 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA For 187891222 per cent For 1879801163 per cent For 18801 1511 percent For 188121642 per cent For 188232473 per cent For 188342578 per cent For 188452055 pr cent For 188582334 per cent For 188672462 per cent The following averages for the past twelve seasons will be found interest ing viz GENERAL AVERAGES OF ALL FERTILIZERS Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia 923 255 1094 253 1087 252 1143 279 1195 270 1024 258 1096 263 1088 248 1103 253 1082 247 1113 224 1101 243 1139 245 Potash For the season ot 18745 Por the season of 18756 For the seasou of 18767 For the season of 18773 For the season of 18789 For the season ot 187980 For the season of 13801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18846 For the season of 18856 For the season of 18867 517 249 275 223 166 1S3 141 147 150 155 144 165 194 These are the general averages of all fertilizers including Acid Phophater for the seasons named It is proper to remark that the averages of Ammonia and Potash are of those brands only which are shown by analysis to contain these elements and nnot of the whole number of brands analized 95ANALYSES OP COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 25 AVERAGES OF AMMOXIATED FERTILIZERS For the soason of 18745 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the season of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 For the season of 18867 Available Phosphoric Acid 873 1036 1061 1083 1152 953 1030 1020 1022 978 1035 1015 1030 Ammonia 284 298 278 279 270 269 253 248 253 247 229 243 245 Potash 631 279 243 225 164 135 145 258 148 157 151 164 196 AVERAGES OF NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of 18745 18756 18767 18778 18789 187980 18801 18812 18823 18834 18845 18856 18867 Available Phosphoric Acid 1105 1199 1168 1310 1320 1244 1260 1248 1265 1269 1287 1262 1345 Potash aao 464 454 216 163 128 130 105 156 148 130 168 185 9626 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the mareet for each season since the organization of the Department is as follows For the season of 18745110 brands For the season of 18756101 brands For the season of 18767 i25 brands For the season of 18778vll brands For the season of 18789 162 brands For the season of 187980182 brands For the season of 18801 22e brands For the season of 18812270 brands For the season of 18823 354 brands For the season of 18834336 brands For the season of 18815369 brands For the season of 18856345 brands For the season of 18867322 brands These are exclusive of chemicals and other preparations for making or compost ing manures at homes The number of brands of ammoniated and nonammoniated fertilizers for each season is as follows Amoniated Nonammoniated For the season of 18745 86 68 85 90 119 135 163 187 289 210 229 215 206 24 33 40 37 43 47 66 83 115 126 140 130 118 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the season of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 or the season ol 18801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 For the season of 18867 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS Extract from Final ReporU of Seasons of 188687 It was found expedient to continue and extend this feature of Inspectors work which was partially inaugurated two seasons ago A special inspection is one in which a fertilizer already before inspected in bulk or in the hands of the manu facturer is again sampled after it has reached the hands of a retail dealer or farmer 97ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18867 27 The plan has met with favor from dealers generally and has heen especially com mended by farmers Inspector Murphey was detailed for this work and was closely engaged during the greater part of the active business season in traveling over a large part of the State sampling goods wherever found He was instructed while engaged in this special work to observe carefully everything connected with the trade and was enabled to detect and report to this office some instances of irregu larities which would probably have otherwise been unnoticed thus demonstrat ing the importance of the plan and justifying its continuance in the future In pursuance of the above plan Inspector J W Murphy was detailed for the special work of the past season and devoted a large portion of his time to the work Near the close of the active season Inspectors Rogers Stovall Lawton and Jones were detailed to assist in the special work so as to cover as far as practicable the entire State The number of special inspections actually made was 308 and the analyses of large number of them show no material reduction in any case from the standard attained earlier in the season FINAL REPOKT OF THE CHEMIST UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Chemical Laboratory Athens Ga June 20 1887 Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dear Sir I have the honor to report that the chemical work done for the chemical work done for the Department of Agriculture during the past twelve months was as follows FERTILIZERS Regular sample00 Special samples Special from farmers Duplicate samples RevisionsJ Total number of samples analyzed66 These were ninided as follows Acid Phosphates80 Acid Phosphates with Potash64 Acid Phosphates with Ammonia 10 Ammoniated Phosphates with Potash370 Checicals etc 645 MISCELLANEOUS Miaeral Waters12 Minerals 8 Other materials I have also presented a Report of Experiments upon the University Farm which wag published in the Bulletins of the Department Respectfully yours H O Whits28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES INCIDENT TO THE INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS SEASON OF 188687 RECEIPTS Fee on 16607808 tons inspected during the season 83 03901 EXPENSES OF INSPECTION 1757655 Inspectors Tags 200 per thousand 351531 Express charges on tags and samples drayage telegrams etc 13555 Sample bottles wax and stationery 130 35 Travelling expenses of Inspectors 95045 Balance paid into the Treasury78 307 35 8303901 8303901 Total amount of fees paid into the Treasury78 307 35 Drawn from Treasury on account of salaries Inspectorssalaries to September 1 1887 720000 Chemists salary to September 1 1887 300000 f 1020000 Leaving net balance in Treasury 68 10735 7830735 7830735 The net balance in the Treasury for the season of 187778 was 35 905 77 For the season of 187879 qor m For the season of 187980 46 438 48 For the season of 188081 640b028 For the season of 188182 5025132 For the season of 188283 M 8 For the season of 188384 62 133 92 For the season of 188485 70183 75 For the season of 188586 JM1 t x 0530137 For the season of 188687 camon T oolUoo Increase compared with season of 188586 2 745 98 99Circular No 93 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1887 Returned to the Department op Agriculture July 11887 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga July 9 1887 j COTTON The condition in comparison with an average is in North Georgia 102 in Middle Georgia 97 in Southwest Georgia 91 in East Georgia 95 in Southeast Georgia 99 and in the whole State 97 The reports of this month compare most favorably with that of any previous crop of the last ten years and if the weather con ditions are reasonably favorable during the remainder of the growing season the crop of this year will probably be the largest ever grown in the State CORN The condition and prospect is in North Georgia 103 in Mid dle Georgia 93 in Southwest Georgia 94 in East Georgia 89 in Southeast Georgia 97 and in the whole State 95 This agrees with reports of 1884 at this stage of growth and is higher than that of any other year since 1882 WHEAT The yield of the crop compared to an average is in North Georgia 99 in Middle Georgia 64 in Southwest Georgia 84 in East Georgia 86 in Southeast Georgia 100 and the average yield for the whole State 87 The average yield per acre in bushels for the first four sections in the order named 77 55 80 80 and for the whole State 73 Last years crop was reported 65 with average yield of 48 bushels per acre OATS The yield is in North Georgia 86 in Middle Georgia 50 in Southwest Georgia 68 in East Georgia 80 in Southeast Geor gia 60 and the average for the whole State 70 The yields in bushels per acre for the respective sections are 144 94 9 11 13 and for the whole State 114 The per cent of total yield is three 69DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA points higher than that of last year though the average yield per acre is not as great by 16 bushels CLOVER AND GRASS The dry Spring has been unfavorable to clover and grasses and the yield or prospective yield is reported 82 and 17 points lower than last year at this time Three sections only report these cropsNorth Middle and Southwest Georgia RICE The prospect is in Middle Georgia 95 in Southwest and East Georgia 93 in Southeast Georgia 92 and average for the whole State 94 SUGAR CANE This prospect is in Middle Georgia 88 in Southwest Georgia 93 in East and Southeast Georgia 92 and the average for the whole State 91 SWEET POTATOES The prospect in North Middle and Southwest Georgia is 92 in East Georgia 89 in Southeast Georgia 91 and the average for the State 91 5 MELONS The yield or prospective yield is in North Geoigia 98 in Middle and Southeast Georgia 88 in East Georgia 87 in South east Georgia 92 and the average for the State 89 TOBACCO The condition and prospect is in North Geoigia 93 in Middle Georgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 89 in East Georgia 97 in Southeast GeorgiaST and in the whole Stale 91 The crop is five points higher than the crop of last year that was reported at this time FRUIT The condition of the fruit crop is reported somewhat lower than on the first of last month PeachesCondition and prospect in North Georgia 7 in Middle Georgia 13 Southwest Georgia 56 and the average for the State 22 The report on the first of June for the sections was 11 17 60 36 53 and tor the whole State 35 ApplesCondition and prospect in North Georgia 37 Middle Georgia 48 Southwest Georgia 75 East Georgia 58 Southeast Geoigia 64 GrapesCondition and prospect in North Georgia 93 in Middle Georgia 88 in Southwest Georgia 95 in East Georgia 87 in Southeast Georgia 96 and the average for the State 92 70 in andCONSOLIDATION OF REPORT FOR JULY 1887 Wheat Oafe Clover and Grass Cotton Corn Rice Tobacco Sweet Potatoes Sugar Cane Melons Fruit O 02 c5 o 6 s5 O 03 O 61 0 OJ s3 o3 a 03 S s3 93 p s3 5 c3 a o3 3 0 o oS 41 3 S3 B d o s3 Q O 03 3 9 5 2 0 c O J S3 t si si si s3 T 0 TJ 0 0 P e P p TJ a o 3 o S a a a c 3 a C Tl z o ft Q o a S at ps a a a a q p p SS ss o 0 o a o o o o c 0 o 73 s r s o d O a r I o 0 41 a o fl a o o c 0 a S P o o o a u 81 102 103 93 92 98 7 37 93 04 Sfi 9 4 7 97 93 95 91 92 88 88 13 48 88 84 86 TOO 87 80 SO 73 68 SO 60 70 90 no 130 114 88 91 95 99 94 89 97 93 93 92 89 97 87 92 89 91 93 92 92 88 87 92 56 35 56 75 58 95 87 fi i 96 82 97 95 94 91 91 91 89 33 M 92 65 48 67 130 9S 83 92 95 86 93 94 79 62 58 91 d t1 a w o hi W td hj ODEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA LECTURE ON VEGETAL PRODUCTION 11V PROF GEORGES VILLE Tninxliitd hi Miss ffoward Gentlemen Let us now free our minds from the impression f the preced ing lecture and leaving the traditions of thepast to the province of history we will today see but one object before us and only one object and that is vege tation which we will explain in its near or distant causes in its activity in its agents and in its products You will remember we have already said veg etation is formed from fourteen element materials always the same in spite of the variations or contrasts of organizations and properties You know the fourteen elements I will repeat them however again the better to concentrate your thoughts and avoid all misunderstanding and con fusion ELEMENTS OK VEGETAL PRODUCTION Organic Minerals Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sul phur Chlorine Silica Iron Manganese Lime Magnesia Soda Potash Well whatever may be the origin of these fourteen elements and the form under which vegetation absorbs them we must produce plants by their aid and without any mysterious or uncertain conditions in order to explain vegetation To make a plant as we make soap by use of earths and sulphuric acid help ing ourselves with the original activity contained in the seed as in other ways we make use of steam electricity or gravity is the problem we must solve To solve this problem clearly and without mystery or doubt burnt sand was used as earth which you know is pure silica moistened with distilled water which you know is pure water The sand thus moistened was put in porcelain pots which had been dipped in wax as a precaution t prevent the saline exudations which all pottery shows when kept in a moist condition By this arrangement a simple mechanical medium was given the plants as a resting place one permeable to air and water without supplying at the sane time any elements of nutrition This is elementary soil reduced to the last expression of poverty but pro tected in numerous ways from all accidantal causes that could change these simple conditions How does wheat grow in such a soil It germinates the same as in good soil but the plant born in it proves by its miserable appearance the poverty of the soil in which it lived The plant however shows its activity it run the cycle of its evolution blooms even grows grain miserable stunted grain it is true and gives as final result six grammes of seed from one gramme of seed Thus in burnt saud and by the exclusion of all foreign intervention the 7JULY CROP REPOKT1887 plant having received only tlie elements of water and air as source of food yields seed and produces six grammes of crop an excess of five grammes represented by carbon furnished entirely at the cost of the carbonic acid of the air and by the hydrogen and oxygen originating solely from the water used in moistening it Thus the air by its carbonic acid and the water by its two constituent elements hydrogen and oxygen contribute a large proportion in the formation of vegetation more largely in fact than this experiment decisive as it is would make us suppose considering that even in fertile soils plants draw the essentials carbon hydrogen and oxygen that form as I have already said 95 per cent of vegetation from air and water To prove this the action of all kinds of carbonaceous matters has been tested and the effect has always been negative In the first experiment carbon was added to the burnt sand and to make sure of pure carbon crystalied sugar was burned in vases of platina hermet ically sealed The result of this addition was absolutely negative Six grammes of crop was grown in burnt sand After the addition of carbon the six grammes only were obtained It was easy to foresee this as carbon is insoluble in water but we will give no interpretations of our own we will stick to the testimony of facts the addition of carbon added nothing to the neutrality of the burn sand It was then asked what would happen if carbon was added in combina tion with hydrogen and oxygen Every kind of hydrocarbonaceous matter was tried straw cellulose gums starches oils and alcohol These substances showed no action whatever The idea was suggested of trying the same substances when the contact of the air had so altered them as to produce a blackish matter which forms humus to which ancient agricultural theories attributed so important an effect To get this humus in a pure state resulting only from the alteration of a substance of vegetal origin I went into the Department of Lands and cross ing the dunes or sandbanks where the sand is as white as snow went farther inland to the old pine foiests where the leaves falling every year form by the change they undergo that blackish matter soluble in potash which is the essential characteristic of humus The sands of the lands was taken as an expression of a medium in itself inert corresponding to burnt sand but con taining however humus in whose formation no kind of fertilizer assisted What was the result from these new conditions Exactly the same as from burnt sand 6 grammes of crop The use of humus had produced no effect whatever You see in all this there is no question of theory or doctrine but simple experimental proofs designed to change abstract theory into a strong witness of fact Thus the soil reduced to a simple point of support only received no fertility from the addition of carbon or hydrocarbonaceous matters intact or altered 73DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA from humus itself notice how singular and unexpected the and nothing results The three elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen represent ninetyfive hundredths of the weight of the plants Well the intervention ot these three elements under the most varied forms has always been without any action The time is now to try the last of the four organic elements Nitrogen ere connee a new series of trials Gelatine is added to the burnt sand a substance containing more nitrogen than carbon hydrogen and oxygen This time an important change is pro duced in the course of phenomena The plants which until then had showed only a pale green color gath ered increased activity by the deepening of color of foliage It at first seemec as if vegetation had a new life but the hope was vain the result was only 9 grammes of crop instead of 6 grammes So the intervention of these four elements which in themselves represent more than ninetenths of the substance of vegetation give an almost insig nificant effect So far the vegetation was languishing and unsteady Yet the plants always ran the entire cycle of their evolution and produced a rudi ment of grain Although Surprised at the small result of these first efforts we could not stop there The mineral elements had all to be tested by the same system In the new experiment all the minerals were added at one time to the burnt sand Phosphorous in the form of phosphate of lime and phosphate of magnesia Sulphur in the form of sulphate of lime Chlorine in the form of chloride of sodum Lime in the form of corbonate Silica in that of silicate of potash and silicate of soda The iron and manganese in the form of sulphates From the new sowing of wheat came a new deception no fuller develop ment than from the previous experiments The growth was feeble the dwindled stems no thicker than a knitting needle but five or six inches high and the rudimentary sheath contained but one or two meagre maltormed grains There was nothing now left but to exhaust all the combination by a last exper iment that is by associating a nitrogenous matter with the minerals This was done This time the contrast was striking and the success complete Far from being meagre for the plants attained the same development as in good soil the eaves were large and green the stalk at least three feet high and the wellformed head filled with perfect grains Thus we succeeded in realiz ing m burnt sand the conditions necessary to most complete vegetal nutrition This experiment carried much force first by its practical resultand then because it threw light on a new principle which when generally applied will 74JULY CROP REPORT1887 become one of the surest laws of agricultural art And this rule may be thus expressed One substance nitrogenous matter which by itself has almost no action on vegetation suddenly impresses extraordinary activity on ten other substances mineral elements which without its association produced but an insignificant effect Here I repeat the useful effect was born from association This is what I call the principle of collective forces wishing to fix its true character by this definition and prepare your minds for generalizing its application However important this result the experiment could not be stopped there We were discovering the conditions which assured the activity of the minerals but we knew nothing of the degree of efficacy of each one in particular nor the function proper to each one Now we were to separate these new ideas and the path for this was already traced out The intervention of a nitrogenous matter having been recognized as neces sary to assure the activity of the minerals we began a new series of experi ments in burnt sand to which we added a fixed and invariable amount of ni trogenous matter as a constant term then by turns all the minerals united with the exclusion of one only and the experiment multiplied so many times that each mineral was tried To begin this a nitrogenous matter was added to burnt sand and all the min erals without suppressing one the growth prospered and 22 grains of wheat gave 22 grammes of crop it might even be raised to 20 The second experi ment was in all points like the first except that the phosphate was suppressed What happened then The plants germinated formed their first leaves which soon turned yellow withered and died and the crop fell to zero This experiment is of great importance We have stated that if a nitrogenous matter was used alone the plants would be poor and stunted but would not die Death invariably followed the addition of minerals if the phosphates were excluded which clearly proves that the phosphates fill two distinct func tions they serve as food to the plants and also determine the useful action of the other minerals We are now in possession of a new result of great value and that is the phosphates perform the most important function of all these minerals since to their own nutritive properties they add the secondary effect ol determining the assimilation of all the other minerals After defining the functions of the phosphates we proceeded to the exclusion of potash As soon as this alcali was deficient in the soil the plants suffered strangely the stein instead of rising vertically bent over and crept on the ground as if it had no solidity It did not die however hut the crop was hardly 6 grammes There is chemically the closest resemblance between potash and soda In Twentytwo grains of wheat weigh onethirtieth parf of in ounce Twentytwo grammes weigh twelve ounces The thirtieth of an ounce planted produced threefourths of an ounce in crop in grain 758 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA almost all the natural compounds containing potash we find soda also and one must have a thorough knowledge of chemistry in order to distinguish the two alkalies But in vegetation there is an immense difference between these two alkalies for in the experiment in which potash was suppressed and where vegetation was so affected the soil was abundantly provided with soda It is then very certain that soda cannot take the place of potash Magnesia was then excluded The effect of this suppression was as strong as in that of potash On some plants black wheat for instance the effect of this suppression was immediately felt The action on wheat was slower but equally as significant When the magnesia was excluded from the soil the crop went down to 8 grammes instead of 22 grammes Lastly in a soil formed exclusively of silica but in an insoluble state soluble silica was suppressed and affected the crop immediatelyit went down from 22 grammes to 7 or 8 grammes The suppression of lime produced a less sensible effect the return was lowered from 22 to 20 grammes For reasons which will he given at another time we pass over the usefulness of sulphuric acid chlorine oxyde of iron and manganese in silence though fully recognizing their utility The study of them would not lie practically useful in the object we are now pursuing We will stop here and look back on the path we have gone through to be continued 76Special Circular No 64 New Series Questions for August Crop Report 8To be returned to the office of the Depart ment of Agriculture by July 31st What is the condition and prospects of 1 Cotton compared to an average I Corn compared to an average 3 Rice compared to an average 4 Sugarcane compared to an average 5 Sweet Potatoes comp to an average t Tobacco compared to an average 7 What are the profits of the melon crop compared to last year 8 iive date of first appearance Cotton Catterpillar 9 Period of excessive wet weather from Julyto 10 Period of drouth from lulyto per cent NAME POST OFFICE COUNTYSpecial Circular No 65 New Series ggfTo be filled and returned to this office im mediately on receipt Cotton compared to an averageper cent Corn compared to an averagepercent Damage to Cotton by the recent rains on bottomspercent Damage to Corn by the recent rains on bottomspercent Damage to Cotton by the recent rains on uplandspercent Damage to Corn by the recent rains on uplandsI Damage to all other Crops by the recent rains percent REMARKS Name Post Office County Circular No 94 New Series CROP REPORT FOE THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1887 Returned to the Department op Agriculture August 81887 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga August 10 1887 j GENERAL REMARKS Before the recent heavy rains the prospect of the corn and the cotton crops was much above an average The corn was report ed better than that of any crop since 1882 and the cotton better than any crop in the last ten years The regular reports of correspondents were made out and forwarded before the last of the month in order to reach this office on the first day of August The condition and prospect as shown at this time was for cotton 101 corn 102 To ascertain more nearly the damage resulting from the floods a second series of questions was submitted to the correspondents after the first of August These were filled and returned between th 5th and 8th and constitute the bases on which the present estimates are made The damage to the ootton crop on bottoms is reported 36 per cent Comparatively little of this crop is on bottom lands and the damage thus reported applies most generally to narrow branch bottoms The damage to the corn 33 per cent is very much greater in the aggreate since the larger part of the bottom lands of the State are devoted to this crop Along the Chat tahoochee southeast of the Chattahoochee divide for many miles the corn on such lands has been almost a total loss The damage to cotton on uplands ranges in the different sections from 5 to 19 per cent As stated by many of the correspondents the damage cannot yet be fully estimated and 812 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA it is feared that it may much exceed this estimate North and Southeast Georgia sustained comparatively little injury and some of the counties in the Northwest report no injury from excessive rains The last reports from East and South east Georgia are meagre and may not show so nearly the true condition Statements relating to the counties as far as heard from will be found in the Notes of Correspondents The catterpillar was observed in Dooly county on the 10th of July and in a number of other counties in southwest Georgia between the 15th and 30th Its appearance is not reported in other sections of the State A number of correspondents mention the appearance of rust on cotton since the protracted rainy season an amount of dam age as yet uncertain so much depending on future conditions of the weather is expected from this cause COTTON The condition and prospect compared to an average crop is in North Georgia 101 in Middle Georgia 86 in Southwest Geor gia 82 in East Georgia 83 in Southeast Georgia 90 and in the whole State 90 CORN The condition and prospect compared to an average in North Georgia 106 in Middle Georgia 86 in Southwest and in East Georgia 94 in Southeast Georgia 90 and in the whole State 94 MISCELLANEOUS CROPS The reports on the rice sugar cane sweet potato and tobacco crops were forwarded to this office before the first of August The condition and prospect for the State as reported is as follows Rice 93 sugar cane 96 sweet potatoes 97 tobacco 98 The averaoe amount of damage to these crops from excessive wet weather is according to last reports 16 per cent The average of each sec tion is given in the tabulated report on the following page The profits of the melon crop as compared with that of last year is North Georgia 101 in Middle and East Georgia 97 in Southwest Georgia 127 and in Southeast Georgia 70 82AUGUST CROP REPORT1887 cr j r P 0 w o1 o QJ o bi a J B Ms o w s w w o h t c w s fc tf c o s S p o pq 0X I SI s sdojQ laqo y O oSbuitcq spunida no oioq o ogrcttraa spnuidn no nojioo oi oShuibq 03 o gaiowog no moo o ogmnud sinolog no nojiog 0 oSBarea joadsojd paw uoiipnoo moo oadsoid pnra nojiipuoo nowoo o r o doiQ nopK 3io o sjgoia padsojd pmj noiiipuoo ooouqox loadsoid pm nompuoo saojutoj 03Avg loodsoid Iran nopipnoT naoo mSns 33dsojd pnu nompaoQ 90m loadsoad pnu nopupuoo moo oadsoad pnu nopipuoo noMOQ o 83 o z a co wDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksCrops were badly blown down land washed bridges washed away and mail facilities cut off W 1 Burgess BartowIt has rained four inches at ray house this day Corn and cot ton is washed down extensively here by the recent rains C M Jones The rainfall at least twelve inches at Allatoona A burning dry spell in August would be fatal to the sappy cotton continued rains might be as bad Indications are for more rain Another big rain since writing foregoing I O McDaniel All of July good supply at rain and the last week or ten days excessive rain If weather will be favorable part of damage will be overcome N B Cannon Chattoooa We have had fine seasons but not to damage corn cotton inJured K R Poster No material damage to crops in this county from floods Excessive rains prevented late cultivation of crops 0 C Cleghorn Have had nice rains None of the waters out of banks Crops best in ten years W F Tapp CherokkI hope the damage north f us is not as great as it is in our im mediate settlement jh g Paden Very few streams in the county have been out of the banks Slight damage to growing corn the first few days of storm J J A Sharp CobbThe rain was needed and helped some cropspotatoes etc It came slow but steady Passed off as it fell Too much wet Wm Alston Sr Cant yet determine damage to bottom land sunshine rops until we have more J Y Alexander In my district where there is nothing but creek and branch bottom it is hard to tell what the damage is as there has been but little sunshine J F B LlNDLEY Rust is now appearing on ootton and its fruit is falling oft J J Greer DadeWe have had no freshets in this county The storm August 4th wind and rain did considerable damage to corn I have not had time to esti mate damages q A R Bible DawsonCotton is taking a rapia growth and may be damaged Corn has been blown down in places and has been overflown on very low lands but the damage is not worth reporting A J Logan FloydSorghum blown down by wind and damaged 10 per cent Water melons damaged 50 per cent from second growth and souring etc W S Sanford The crops are damaged by the continued rains but to what extent we can not say with any correct estimates So far we have escaped inundations but 84AUGUST CROP REPOKT1887 cotton is all weed and corn of course injured to some extent The greatest damage so lar has been by wind blowing it down and breaking the stalks but such is not generalconfined to a few localities J H Dent ForsytiiThe recent rains has caused cotton to drop some squares but we dont think the weed could hold all the fruit Thomas L Sims FranklinCotton shedding its fruit badly With favorable weather for the next month cotton will recover much that it has lost Alex White The waters have been twentv times higher than they have been in twelve years and low bottom lands are damaged badly J B D McWhorter GordonThe rain commenced the 19th of July and continued almost daily till the first day of August but not hard enough to cause overflows Cotton too much weed H Davis Wheat and oats damaged in shock A good many farmers failed to finish working their crops Grass in abundance J M Harlam I am sure the corn prospect is 10 per cent above average 20 per cent damage to cotton may not be enough J G B Erwin GwinnettIt is too soon after the terrible rains to estimate with anything like accuracy the damage especially on the streams and low lands I put it at 25 to 50 per cent On many farms in Gwinnett the damage may be even greater than 50or half crop There are many streams in this county with considerable area of bottom land Upon the flat streams such as Yellow River Sweet Water Beacon River Haynes Creek and others the damage is greater thaji on streams less fla and where the water receded more rapidly The great damage is to bottom land corn Corn on upland is but little damaged which will not exceed 5 to 10 per cent No cot ton on bottom land with us and the cotton is only damaged by the excessive moisture causing it to shed I put it at 15 per cent and with good sunshine from this time and occasional showers it may be less Up to the freshet all ciops with us were the finest for years R D Winn Corn on Chattahoochee injured from 50 to 90 per cent On the creeks 25 to 50 per cent I think 35 per cent of all corn in county destroyed Four thousand acres corn on Chattahoochee totally destroyed J T Baxter GilmerThere was a very bad storm on the 4th in some parts of the county which destroyed a large quantity of corn L Tankersley HabershamCant yet tell the extent of damage in bottoms with any cer tainty Cotton has shed a quantity of fruit but still has an abundance for a good crop Young Davis HallBottom corn fourfifths down and under water Upland corn dam aged by being blown down Cotton damaged by shedding squares Melons all gone E B Thompson HaralsonLow lands are overflowed Corn broke down Cotton shed ding rapidly Sorghum cane and potatoes slightly damaged T TIT T J W BlQGERS HartHad it not been for the late freshet crops would have averaged 125 to 150 per cent compared to average B B Parker Jr 856 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA JacksonCreeks and rivers have been up and on low lands for eight days and some streams higher than ever in the recollection of the oldest citizen Cotton could not shed the blooms and it is blown down and broke badly D J Sanders Rain every day for the last eight days Corn has not been seriously dam aged on upland The damage to cotton may be worse than at present appears Jefferson Jennings A correct estimate of damages cannot be given yet Damages may be more than above estimate certainly not less Farmers terribly disheartened Thomas S Johnson Some bottom land an entire failure Upland corn damaged by storm Forward peas ruined by rain G M D jIoolr PickensWind blew down the corn in places Levi J Darnell PolkLow lands where was the finest prospect for corn is now almost ruined many places totally so So also with cotton Upland cotton shedding stalk looks fine but the fruit is wanting j j Waddell RabtjnWe have had rains for two weeks Crops damaged to some ex tent but not seriously injured yet If we can get hot sun now will be good F A Bleckley The rain is still falling and it is hard to tell the amount of damage that the growing crops have sustained by the recent rains Edward Sitton WalkerWe have not had the terrible rains of other parts of the State Crops are fine in this county j Y Wood WhitfieldOur waters were not high but the continuous rains damaged A storm yesterday did damage corn down W C Richardson ntronlUly th 22d dry hot winds from the north damaged early corn un the 1M gentle rains set in and has nearly restored the damages J F Groves We are not damaged by the recent rainfall R M Williamson MIDDLE GEORGIA Baldwin All crops that was under the water is mined It covered a great deal of upland River higher than ever before T S Bagley It is impossible to tell how much cotton is damaged at this time It looks as it it was dead on the river bottom River is eight feet above high water mark and is stll up H c fIils0 ButtsAugust 2d damage by small streams is at least 60 per cent was not hurt much before T Pheston CampbellCorn and cotton on river bottoms seemingly ruined On up land the condition at present is bad Grass in abundance in all crops F H Steed The roots of crops seem to be soured and of course will injure it H N CochranJULY CROP REPORT1887 Rains continue up to date August 8th Cant tell what the damages will amouut to if it continues Corn all lost on the rivers J J Beall CarrollAll low bottom in cotton flowed is injured 75 per cent ruined and low bottom that over M B Russell My opinion is that the rain did not hurt the crops in my portion of the county Northeast The cotton crop was very rank and it being blown about will cause it to mature earlier We have no bottom land in the north part of Carroll S C Candler ClarkeWe cannot determine yet the exact damage to cotton Corn on large streams destroyed 50 per cent the average counting in branch bottoms R T PlTTARD ClaytonIt is hard at this time to tell the extent of damage to crops Before the rain the prospect was the best ever known A P Adamson It is impossible to give anything like a correct report on the damage yet The cotton is taking on too much weed W P Jones Richmond and ColumbiaIn this vicinity there are no creek bottom lands and little branch Upland crops are not seriously hurtin many cases bene fltted by the continuous rains Late melon crops are hurt Corn is good Cotton looks well and with good seasons is fine but cannot with any season equal expectations A E Cox CowetaThe rains have never fallen so much at this season of the year within my recollection Wm A Smith DeKalbThere is very little cotton on bottom land in DeKalb wherever overflown it is ruined If upland corn is late its injury is great but it matured not so greattrifling T J Fluke It is impossible to give you the true condition of the crops at this time for we cannot get in the bottoms to seem them W H Carter DouglasVery little cotton in this county on bottom lands Have not heard fully from river farms Corn nearly all blowed down John G Maxwell Crops are damaged by the recent rains though they are still good and will be if the seasons continue W H N alley ElbertWater courses have been higher than I have ever seen them Crops on bottoms are ruined J L Thornton On all large streams corn and cotton are ruined B H Heard FayetteThe damage to crops can not be estimated fairly yet as it is still raining cotton is taking rust J G Posey GreenIt is utterly impossible for me to approximate a correct report for the month We are having a regular equinoxial storm exceeding anything I ever saw I think and the rains have been awful The damage to crops can not be estimated at this writing I fear low ground is well nigh ruined and damage to cotton is immensethe waters higher than ever known I think and still raining No sun hardly in a week Dr J M Griffin 878 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA JiiSfeirt creek bottoms half ruined branch bottoms one quartor ruined Entire corn crop injured 25 per cent C M Sanders 7YaTJmn Say th6y never knPW as much rain insame length of time and I doubt if this report covers the average damage70 per centand there has soiled06 f the COr aS U has been under water so long A N Asbury HarrisThe oldest citizens here say they never saw so much rainfall at SMS T T Bere the h6aVy ranS bottom crP8 were never more promising with uplands a fair average Harris county borders the Chatta hoochee river on the east besides there are several large creeks that run entirely through the county add to these the very largl number ot smal creeks and the big branches and you see at once we are liable to very great damage from excessive rainfall All of our streams run west and southwest and empty into the Chattahoochee Some of our streams were higher than at last years freshet while others lacked but little of being as high S Plynn Hargett Jr HenryCotton is shedding very rapidlv blown down J r J Fifty per cent of the corn is M C Lowe Th7d r i 6 suffered dreadfully corn almost entirely destroyed SCI 000 21 rtl Crn TT f tis C0Unty is estimated at from 20000 to 30000 bushels Cotton is not damaged much on uplands but little in bottoms C Vt Speer nottoPea7RiVer and reek b0UmS alm0St a total loSS branch bttom loss s Willis Newton at SoTrtY TgefCTpS hetore the raiDS X Put the loss f on at oO per cent but hundreds of acres are ruined entirelywill make nothing hj J M Dill anfthfnnrd668 W b eottonmbteprffn JT8 t0 Uplan Crn wU1 rePay a11 losses on bottoms cotton materially damaged by rust on all gray lands A E Sturgis ruir7edrPS f COTn n bttms Subject to erflow are entirely C J Dill MeriwetherIf seasons suit cotton is not yet damaged A drouth of two weeks would materially damage the product J H WilliIms fromTwoolvf11 T Cr n riVer 5tt0ms tolly ined underwater CottonTheddln l uS m Tnty fTOm bottoms not less tnan 10000 Cotton shedding Caterpillars and rust Guy Taylor NewtonI have been across two districts over the ridge between the rivers and creeks and find an average damage of about 20 per cent ju T A Walker bal CTn riV6r btt0mS a total failure on sma11 streams not so E P Livingston ulZffntT7n J0 b11Sre rttinS from the excessive wet and the upland corn has fallen down and is souring b E Overby PikeHard matter to estimate damage correctly We are still having S sreatdeaIwfl1 therawter3f PutnamI report for my immediate section of county Not much cotton damadd0Sbn0tt0m f detr0yed Cornruined on river anS damaged 33 per cent on creeks j T dknnisAUGUST CROP KEPORT1887 EockdaleCorn on bottoms has been under water eight days and is en tirely ruined All cotton on bottoms is down under water and mud J P H White TaliaferkoThe excessive wet which still continues is inducing rust in cotton The full extent of damage to this crop cannot now be estimated Vegetables in gardens are dying from too much wet Melons of course fare badly Lionel L Veazey Much damage to crops by a six days rain and wind Highest freshet since 1840 S J Flynt TalbotAll cotton overflowed is almost a complete failure The roots are sound andthe stalks dying It is raining every day more or less This is the 16th day of rain D G Owen Upland corn damaged very much The damage to cotton cannot yet be estimated Wm H Ellison TroupDamage by recent rains to cotton 30 per cent corn 30 per cent all other crops 16 per cent If you mean by bottom lands all the bottoms on creeks branches and rivers the above is as near right as I can make it Jas Pattillo WaltonThe rains have been unparalleled Our creeks branches and rivers have been higher than ever known and remained so from continuous rains J E Nunnally WarrenIt is hard to tell the exact damage to cotton yet The land is damaged more from washes than the crops are It is badly washed B M Hasdaway Cotton weed large dropping shapes some rust Corn badly blown down and rotting Still raining James A Shivebs WilkesI must decline to make figures reports and opinions are so con flicting Bottoms never finer now never so unpromising Uplands only damaged by local winds ruining fodder Cotton only to be decided by the weather John T Wingfield SOUTHWEST GEOBGIA BakerWe have but little bottom land subject to overflow in cultivation in the county Open cotton rotting in the boll mature boll rotting Beuben Jones CalhounWe have but little bottom lands Peas and sugarcane are doing finely since the rain set in Heaviest rainfall 5 to 7 inches from 4th instant T P Griffin CrawfordBeen raining tor six days almost steady All creek and river lands covered in water and crops on same ruined The loss of corn crops will be severe cant tell yet to what per cent Cotton crops are shedding very fast and will also be greatly damaged but to what extent cant say yet Peas are all sprouted in hull Fruit crop lost And still it rains J W Stroud All corn that was covered by water a complete loss Rust in cotton on all gray lands Damage heavy to all from wind and rain J W Dickey DoughertyBain every day for ten days but no very heavy rains A good deal of rust on light land and general shedding of fruit 5 A W Crosby 8910 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Th7wtriVely Hle nd in cultivati in the county subject to overflow Ihe river is higher than it was ever known at this season of the year B F Wilder EfRrCotton up to the rain was the best for years on old land since It is all rusting out T B Hobbs ft0nUTJNidalge from high water but a weeks rain has cauTed cot ton to shed considerably and it still continues to shed J D ThIbp vereoXdttf 0m and COt0n D Creek and river botto t Havinetoimnohnfn n UJland8 have dotted old bolls badly saving too much rain fodder crop very short h L Long noxTeT81 haS dne damage in ths county i has be light and w J A Dashek HmAlN n and COrn on river bottms is almost lost On uplands the waTerfrItssifgTeat111111 5 cent jj J B Murray 20th r EaeverJ day and all day and night part of the time since the MuscoGBEThe most of the farmers estimate damage from 25 to 50 ner ssirar1 twIiishardtoestimatecisA31nold L t HUMBER ytjiTMANOverflowed cotton and corn on river and creeks a total loss Cotton on uplands damaged seriously Corn on uplands slightly inured J E Smith agmsbTfrightfuf t0 estimate dama a present writing The dam v R P CUTLEND everknownlietrA7lim11XtkUanUrfeVen is igbt the hardest m Known nere All mills broke and bottoms submerged E S Baldwin TYI T Chas C Sheppard J k J iBed cop cot Elijah Belfour r RrortTodgoodsorae farmsJt wil bEe 2G5 cent 90AUGUST CROP REPORT1887 11 Prom June 10th to August 1st only ten days fair weather Guano cotton burnt up Cotton without guano growing and doing well and corn is made There will be large crops this year L H Player Up to date August 6th old and guano cotton is burning up Cotton without guano is doing well and growing Corn is the best in five years S G Ponell WorthWe have not had any very heavy rains only on the 3d and 4th The first time the bottom land overflowed No damage done to cane and potatoes G B Watson EAST GEORGIA DodgeThe rain has not hurt the crop in this county except cotton and it is not hurt more than 10 per cent The rain has not been very heavy Dr D M Bitchan good deal of corn and cotton and has been loss First catterpillar James Bohannon Peas are hurt by A E Tarver The river has overflowed a over it several days Think it will be almost a total seen 4th of August JeffersonThe greatest damage to cotton is by rust the rains No damage to cane or potatoes JohnsonThe rain has been heavy and rust is spreading over the crops G W Tapley We cultivate almost entirely upland and therefore have sustained less loss than Middle and North Georgia H L Battle The corn crop was about made It suffered only by being blown down and washed away Cotton suffered most It is taking rust and shedding rapidly Seventenths of the bridges in the county washed away Rain ceased com menced gathering fodder J T Adkins PulaskiCotton taking on again but rust and caterpillars make the out look gloomy Cannot yet accurately estimate the cotton crop J P Brown Terrible rains Cotton rusting and catterpillars have made their appear ance S W Brown RichmondI have conversed with planters on low lands some are hope ful others despondent Some say by frequent rains they will make good crops yet The rain will wash the mud from the ear and leave it as fresh and good as before Others say nothing can save it In very low places where the water stood on it any length of time the corn sours as soon as the sun shines on it or the water gets warm The hay crop in some places is badly damaged In higher localities not much damage except by particles of mud clinging to the grass makes it smell badly muddy and causes it to be very dusty This will increase weight but causes the hay to loose much of its nu tritious quality and no doubt will be injurious to stock The melon crop is badly damaged and such as we now have are so watery they are unfit for use The late crop promises better results than the earlier crops did Altogether the outlook is not as bad as it could be not near so as it has been in some sea sons in bygone years but not near so promising in glorious prospects as it was one week ago A W Rhodes TwiggsRains for this last two weeks have been excessive injuring fodder much the only injury to the corn crop Pea crop extraordinary H S Wimberly WashingtonHave been injured by drouth but rain has not damaged us appreciablybeen a benefit No bottoms here the river flooded from rains above J C Hurman 9112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA oTlIniS0me plwS 01 e JT and creeks the hiSh water has used consid erable damage but outside of this the leeent rains have caused so far but little injury to our crops H N Hollifield HC0we0AJmileJ0f hereis hiSher than has been since the Harrison Freshet Old residents say it was as high as that famous freshet W A Snelling SOUTHEAST GEORGIA EcholsMy report applies to seaisland cotton only Damage to cotton on bottoms 20 per cent uplands 10 per cent It is still raining consequently the estimate is not entirely reliable G W Prine omfwSAMWVlave hld a rainy Spe11 and H may make the cotton ed some but it is none too wet here Amos F Rohk Recent rains have improved all crops not matured previous to rain but may have caused a slight rust on high sandy land planted to cotton F R Tarver fWIT7 harained nearlJ every day since the 21st day of June until the 2d of this month L 0 DAyIS Jr PierceNo particular damage done though it is yet showery A L R Avant CONTINUATION OF LECTURE ON VEGETAL PRODUCTION BY PROF GEORGES VILLE Translated by Miss E L Howard We have succeeded in the most sterile soil that mind can conceive with no resources but the substances contained in the embryo of the grain in raising plants which ran through all the phases of their natural evolution although always in a stunted condition To this first result we added another that is whonfn ft VntrduIOn f Carbon hydrogen and oxygen into the soil even when in the form of humus no appreciable effect was produced and the crop in no way increased H rJBff Wxlfries of experiments was tried the action of all the minerals united but the nitrogenous matter excluded their effect was almost nothing ofCitroen S WS produced as soon as the minerals received the help inrdltsSJrmTavrtiCialSOilWereinal1 PintS comparable with those grown n good soil Thus here is incontestable proof that in a soil where nothing is raiseTto h TT fuffloient by adding certain chemical product to raise it to the equal of a fertile soil nomena reaching thh point we pushed forward in the analysis of these phe J3 S6rieS f expnts Mch were in fact but a development of the XT V suliceedued Rowing light upon the action of all the minerals taken separately phosphates silica magnesia and potash distinctlv showing tne function proper to each one 6 fiJehfUfidameUa1100nditi0SOf VeSetal Production being examined and de lined by the preceding experiments we made a new step in advance LeavAUGUST CROP REPORT1887 13 ing the culture of burnt sand we extended our investigations to the natural soils of the most varied character Submitting them to the same system of experimenting we found that no matter how different there was a broad line of division between the phenome na produced from them and those observed in burnt sand For vegetation to prosper in burnt sand we must make use of the ten minerals and a nitrogenous matter In a natural soil on the contrary no matter how poor it maybe a nitrogenous matter and only three minerals phosphoric acid potash and lime were sufficient for the wants of the plants The returns were maintained at the same point as when we added besides sulphur silica soda magnesia iron chlorine and this shows you why I have not insisted on the functions of these bodies The results obtained in the natural soils caused the exclusion of these bodies from the fertilizers and the admitting only the four terms nitrogenous matter phosphate potash and lime This is not arbitrary on our part it is the teach ing of experience I have never found a natural soil in which with the use of these four substances I have not grown crops comparable with those grown in the best soils it This result is possible because the worst soils are provided with the seven minerals excluded from the fertilizer There was the same cause for the exclu sion of carbon hydrogen and oxygen it was not necessary to furnish them to the plants for they drew them from the atmosphere Therefore we must not confuse what is required in a soil of burnt sand which is only a seat of support lor the plants with what is required for plants in a natural soil If a burnt sand is used or an equivalent medium vegeta tion requires ten minerals and a nitrogenous matter If on the contrary a natural soil is used a nitrogenous matter and three minerals are all that is required For practical agriculture a nitrogenous matter and three minerals When in 1861 I advanced this proposition in my teaching at Vmcennes I accompanied it with a declaration that I believe useful to reproduce here to avoid misunderstanding I give the name complete fertilizer to the union of phosphate of lime pot ash lime and a nitrogenous matter In thus acting I do not pretend to deny the utility of the other minerals I suppress them in the fertilizer because the soil is naturally provided with Why add to the fertilizer that which adds nothing to its effects and com plicates what would otherwise be more simple You see gentlemen in this there is neither system nor theory but the direct testimony of practical experience which can invariably be relied upon and which I sum up in this simple table WEIGHT OF CROPS Burnt sand6 grains Burnt sand with addition of ten minerals8 grains Burnt sand with addition of nitrogenous matter9 grains Burnt sand with addition of minerals and nitrogenous matter 18 to 22 grains If we pass from these fundamental facts to the function of each mineral ele ment in particular the results are neither less precise or explicit The soil is provided with nitrogenous matter as a constant term F GRAINS With all the minerals less phosphate 000 With all the minerals less potash 900 Yiith all the minerals less magnesia 00 With all the minerals less soluble silica 800 With all the minerals without any suppression18 to 2200 9314 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA What must be done to decide this question oiiteTtfcd1iMd rd clayor sand and JVjth the use of all the mmerals and a nitrogenous matter the return was In burnt sand to grains In sand and clay it remained 2200 In sand clay and calcareous matter ooao In sand and humus In sand humus and clay 2200 In sand humus clay and calcareous matteritrose to ifoo rislsl 022 rnT f 6ach the return creases and ends bv reachinfw Tg Smme as the calcareous salt in a i as 1 sr zriot nrf d wkAUGUST CROP REPORT1887 15 the satisfaction of seeing the crops grown on such poor soils raised to the same level with the alluvial soils famed for their fertility and cultivated with ma nure that is to say with the help of humus It is admissible just here to recall an example already given in a lecture in 1867 for it is so decisive and complete In Champagne on uncultivated land worth hardly 16 an acre that was broken up for this purpose two parallel experiments were made One part was given 70000 pounds of manure and along side was used 1056 pounds of chemical fertilizer On neither spot was humus used What was the result Sixteen bushels ot grain per acre from the manure and fortytwo bushels per acre from the chemical fertilizer You can draw your own conclusions You see gentlemen how careful I am in limiting myself to the testimony of exact experiments no matter what they may be From all the preceding there is one important result and one which cannot be controverted or overcome and that is that by the aid of purely chemical manures and with the exclusion of organic matter crops were grown which were very superior to those grown by use of manure But just here there is an objection to which we must reply How say you is it possible that burnt sand shows itself equal in quality to a mixture of sand clay and calcareous matter and there is no difference between them in relation to crops while the universality of agricultural facts attest to the contrary Does not all the world know that the classification of soils as strong light lands good for barley and good for wheat are perfectly judicious classifications 1 do not object to the legitimacy of the objection but the ex planation is easy In precise experiments the plant is guarded by incessant care it is shaded from too great heat of the sun it is watered many times a day it surfers neither from excess of moisture or drouth In natural conditions it is not the same The plant is exposed to all the variations of the seasons and to all the accidents resulting from exposure Then according as the land is light or strong the quantity of water retained in the soil changes very much and the locality in which plants are placed modifies them in a corresponding measure From which it comes that the variations in the crop according as the soil holds more or less clay is not caused by the part which clay takes in the nutrition of plants but the conditions more or less favorable as the soil in which the plants grow contains more or less moisture You see gentlemen that in all the facts ot which I speak to you I abstain absolutely from all theory My supreme ambition has been to grow vegeta tion with chemical products in a medium where nothing unknown was admit ted and so placing myself in such conditions that the experiment was always under incessant control Such then in the most concise form are the results which led me into six teen years of assiduous experiment I say nothing of the practical difficulties which long hindered me One cannot know unless they have worked at it themselves how difficult it is to protect themselves from outside influences All the clays and all the pots gave the water traces of salts of lime and pot ash of chlorides and sulphates and small as the exudations may be they troubled the true signification of the phenomena I was compelled to use pure substances only I put them at work in a soil formed exclusively of silica I made my conclusions solely from the testimony of the vegetation and I have not accepted this testimony positively until after having proved by the analysis of the crops that nothing foreign had entered into them My declarations are free from all hazardous assertions from all disturbing influences and from all which could escape a vigorously exact and truly scientific statement But this is not all The complete fertilizer composed of four terms phos phoric acid lime potash and nitrogen suffice as we have said to make the 9516 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA most sterile soil fertile now what we must add to this is that all these four nec essary bodies have not the same utility to all vegetation indiscriminately that according to the nature of ths plants one of them exercises a superior influ ence which makes it the regulator of the crop I explain myself the nitrogenous matter is the one of the four bodies which has a superior influence in the growth of wheat beets and hemp Double triple the quantity of phosphate potash or lime and the crop does not change but if on the contrary you vary the quantity of nitrogenous matter immediately the crop increases according to corresponding increase an evident proof that in regard to wheat beets and hemp nitrogen fulfills a really predominant function But an equally essential result and one we must keep well before us is thai if we suppress the three minerals in the fertilizer and reduce its composition to a nitrogenous matter only its efficacy ceases almost entirely to show its real superiority it must be associated with the minerals and if its use alone succeeds well in the soil it is because the soil is alreadv provided with the three minerals phosphoric acid potash and lime Take up wheat Irish potatoes and Legumes and we find nitrogenous matter has a secondary place and potash becomes the preponderant element and shows this majestic and dominant faculty Phosphate of lime or superphosphate of lime is the dominant for sugar cane corn sorghum and turnips We are thus led to the following capital conclusions By the help of sim ple chemical products and with the exclusion of all unknown substances we can grow the maximum crop from all plants in any place or in any condition of soil and by varying the amount of these products we may regulate the working of vegetation as we do that of a machine the useful effect being propor tionate to the fuel consumed You see besides this that agricultural production has the sole characteris tic of returning infinitely more than it has cost for all the forces of nature heat light of the sun air dew and rain add their invisible cooperation to the action of man who in this majestic harmony is but a seed it is true but a seed which thinks and which owes to this sovereign faculty the privilege of command over the elements that we sometimes feel have combined against him There is nothing arbitrary in these conclusions there is neither supposition or theory on our part it is experiment which speaks the most exact experi ment which can be depended upon most practically We will go now gentlemen if you will follow me from this dogmatic expla nation to an experimental demonstration Where can we go for this Where we can show you orops which have received none but chemical fer tilizers for thirteen years You will judge of their condition Then we will go successively to each one where one of the four terms of the complete fertil izer has been suppressed and according to the nature of the plant you will see the truth of this proposition that there is always one of them which fills a superior function and in this way I can furnish you proofs of the two funda mental facts that in the formation of vegetation there is no mystery that the agents which preside at this formation are as well known to u as those made use of in the making of chemical products The methods are different but the forces called in play are not the same but the result is identical since in using rigorously defined bodies we arrive by a way certain to produce by means of vegetation substances none less well known here oil there sugar other parts starch or gluten here food grains forages and there tinctorial matters or textiles and with what always with the same four elements and whose elements we need only vary in quantities And now gentlemen since the bases of the new doctrine are familiar to u et us gather the testimony ot practiceSpecial Circular No 66 1 New Series j Questions for September Crop Report BSTo be returned to the office of the Depart ment of Agriculture by August 31st What is the condition and prospects of 1 Cotton compared to an average per cent 2 Corn compared to an average percent 3 Rice compared to an average per cent I Sugar Cane compared to an averageper cent 5 Sweet Potatoes comp to an average per cent 6 Tobacco compared to an average percent 7 What casualties have affected th cotton crop 8 Give date of first appearance Cotton Catterpillar 9 Number of stock hogs compared to last year per cent 10 Condition of stock hogs compared to an average per cent NAME POST OFFICE COUNTYCircular No 95 New Series I CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1887 Returned to the Department of Agriculture Sept 1 1887 Department ok Agriculture j Atlanta Ga September 8 1887 GENERAL REMARKS The prospect of the growing crops up to the latter part of the month of July indicated the largest production of cotton and corn lor many years and in many localities as stated by corres pondents the largest that has ever been known After the excessive rains of July the reports received on the first of August indicated more than an aveage crop for the State of both corn and cotton Since that date the crops have fallen off materially in prospective yield The crops on alluvial bottoms subject to overflow in many portions of Middle and Southern Georgia have been almost totally destroyed COTTON The condition and prospect September 1 is In North Georgia 93 in Middle Georgia 81 in Southwest Georgia 74 in East Geor gia 75 in Southeast Georgia 80 and in the whole State 82 The average for the State falls 19 points below that of the condition as reported to the office August 1 The counties owing to local differences in seasons vary widely in estimates of prospective yields some falling as low as 60 while 97DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA others go as high as 125 The heaviest rains of July and August were within a zone of seventyfive or one hundred miles in width following closely the direction of the Chattahoochee River in its course across the State with its centre perhaps from ten to thirty miles southeast of this river Within this belt of country and south of it on bottom lands subject to overflow the effects were most disastrous The cotton caterpillar is reported as having made its appearance in all sections of the State They were first noted in Southwest Geor gia between July 1 and August 16 in East Georgia between Augnst 2 and 25 in Southeast Georgia August 10 in Middle Georgia between 8 and 20 and in North Georgia between 12 and 2d Complaints of rust and shedding as a sequence of the excessive wet weather in the latter part of July and the first of August are general over the State Since about the 10th of August the con ditions have been most favorable for picking and the work of gathering the crop is being actively pushed From information received from various counties in Middle and South Georgia since the compilation of the reports it is appre hended that the disastrous effects of rust caterpillar boll worm and rapid shedding will materially reduce the figures of this month CORN This crop in comparison with an average is reported in North Georgia 97 in Middle Georgia 87 in Southeast Georgia 94 in East Georgia 99 and in Southeast Georgia 100 The average for the State is 97 being five points lower than the prospective condition as reported August 1 The damage to the crop by the floods is not as great as was apprehended at the close of the rainy season MISCELLANEOUS CROPS The prospective yield of the rice crop in Southeast Georgia where the largest part of the crop is grown is 8 points below the reports of August 1 Sugar cane in Southwest Georgia has fallen 4 points The other sections where the crop is grown report the condition the same or higher than on the first of Alienist The sweet potato and tobacco crops sustained comparatively little from 98SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887 g the excessive rains the reports in the average for the State being about the same as for August The prospect of each of these crops for the section will be found in the tabulated reports on the following page STOCK HOGS The number of stock hogs compared to last year is In North Georgia 92 in Middle Georgia 89 in Southwest Georgia 110 in East Georgia 96 in Southeast Georgia 95 and in the whole State 96 The condition of stock hogs compared to an average is In North Georgia 97 in Middle Georgia 90 in Southwest Georgia 100 in Bast and Southeast Georgia 99 and the average for the State 98 99TABULATION OF CROP REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 1887 Showing Condition and Prospect for Crops Etc tj iC O o bb ir o o 3 8 3j fi 0 r C 1 c 3 d So o u O c o e o E g a s a 2 a OJ o 3 s p o U K H Q o 93 92 89 81 87 88 96 95 91 96 August 820 74 94 94 96 9J 92 no 100 July 1August 16 75 99 91 99 99 95 96 99 August 225 86 100 81 93 99 95 99 August 10 82 97 88 96 97 94 96 9H 0 w H bg tS o r O IS SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887 NOTES OF CORRESPONDENTS HartThe rains that fell in July known as the July freshet has affected corn and cotton different from any that I ever knew The corn that was not out of the roasting ear stopped at that stage and made no more The cotton with the exception of fresh red land did not grow any at all The August crop is off considerable Not a boll worm or a caterpillar has appeared J B Ware MadisonCotton is opening Owing to the weather in the month of July a great deal of the middle crop has dropped oft Notwithstanding everything being favorable Madison county will yet make a fine crop We are at this time having showers of rain which we think will make the top crop good Bottom land corn about all ruined Upland corn is injured some J F Payne HarrisWill some one experienced in the growing of the Spanish ground pea and Kaffir corn give through these reports the manner of planting cul tivating and harvesting the crops that will enable the farmer to obtain the best results Would not the Spanish ground pea planted in missing places where there was deficient stand of cotton give the best results of any thing else J B Pate HenryIt seems from the cotton now that a wet year is more disastrous than a dry one The boll worm has appeared again almost as disastriously as five years ago Try bottom land in rust proof oats sowing first of October and fol low with corn by first to tenth of June Sow down and pasture your poorest land or let it rest two years I believe a movable fence of four inch stripping and hinges would pay us much better for pasturing or penning cattle Merkei C Lowk JonesI am fully convinced of the fact that in eight cases out of ten that there are too many cotton plants allowed to remain in the field or in other words we have cotton too thick on the landwhether rich or poor The crop would mature faster retain its fruit better and be more certain if only one stalk was left where now there are two By giving more distance it is easier to work the bolls larger and the stalk has more fruit upon it It matures quicker and thereby insures a crop early This season we have extra growth and only a moderate quantity of fruit R T Ross Lincoln Before the freshet of the 29th of July I think the corn crop was the finest ever produced in the county I think at least 40 per cent of the crop was upon the Savannah Little River and the large creeks in the county and the most of it just getting in roasting ear consequently it is completely destroyed also the cotton where overflowed 10 per cent of the crop will make nothing This was the most destructive freshet that ever visited the county 101DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA at least within the last hundred years as we have data reaching back that far Some farmers lost their whole crop ol corn your correspondent among the mber J M Dill RockdaleThe middle crop of bolls on cotton is light in consequence of the heavy rains washing the pollen out of the blooms the last week in July also the top crop is being thrown off considerably from the drenched condition of the lands with some indications of rust Peas are doing well J B KEEN CrawfordOur prospects up to the excessive rains were very nattering indeed seldom do we have such for both corn and cotton our crops were bet ter than an average yet we had no rain to make it grow though we never had finer The damage to cotton crops are considered by most of our intelligent farmers at about half a crop on bottoms where they were overflown they are lost Corn on river bottoms are almost lost some say ninetenths some less nd some all As for my farms which are on big creeks the water did not stand on crops long I think 1 could be safe in saying about half a crop lost We had a good deal of wind that blew down corn and all that is lost corn on upland in same fix all that touched the ground is lost Peas that were matured completely lost sprouted and rotted in the hull on the stalk all that were not so far advanced bid fair to make a good crop yet vines are fine Peaches what few that were left by the late cold snaps all rotted and fell off Apples but few LeConte pear trees dead from blight or some other disease Melons fair large quantities could be raised but no market for them Potato crop bids fair up lo date where they have been worked properly Cane also is proinis ing John W Stroud MillkkIt rained so much and so long there has been but very little fod der saved in my county corn was blown down and it rained until farmers could not save it Cotton had taken rust and rain set in making it shed its fruit and since it has ceased to rain so much the sun shines so hot that minia tured bolls are opening to a considerable extent of damage Sweet potatoes are slightly injured by too much growth of vines Rice but little grown here this year and it seems that something has retarded its maturity Sugarcane is as tineas the land can make Sorghum none grown Peaches and apples fine in this county Ground peas as fine as can be made here H K H Horn MorganI received from the Department some Spanish ground peas for distribution to our club I planted myself not quite onesixteenth of an acre10 x 30 yards I gathered them today and made five bushels heaping measure of clean ground peas without picking one from the ground simply pulling up the vines and picking from them I am highly pleased with them They only had one hoeing and two plowings were manured with ground cotton seed and acid phosphate at the rate of 400 pounds per acre P G Walker 102SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887 7 LibertyFrom observation and enquiry I find the eotton crop not injured as bad as was thought in mylast report In some localities the crop is not injured at all on uplands On the bottom lands along the rivers the crops of till kinds are a total loss G M T McXkod ECONOMY IN FERTILIZATION Ever since the Department of Agriculture of Georgia was organized an effort has been made through its puhihed reports to impress upon the farm ers of the State the importance of adopting some cheap means of increasing the yield of their crops and at the same time increase the fertility of the soil The value of pea vines as an improver of the soil has been repeatedly urged upon the attention of the farmers while the superiority of composts over high priced commercial manure has been shown by repeated experiments conducted under the auspices of the Department since its organization Formulae and directions for composting home manures without superphosphates and kainit have been published in the reports of the Department from time to time and results of experiments with the composts made according to these formulae published in Soil Test Reports since 1875 These results show very conclusively the great economy in the use of the compost since at much less than the cost per acre of the commercial fertilizers as good yields have been uniformly obtained In the experiments conducted under the auspices of this Department in every part of the State the compost of superphosphates and kainit with cotton seed and stable manure has been compared with the best grades of commer cial fertilizers with results most favorable to the compost While pea vines and lime furnish the cheapest and most effective means of improving and maintaining the productiveness of soils in which phosphoric acid and potash is not too nearly exhausted For exhausted soils a compost of superphosphate and kainit with stable manure and cotton seed furnishes beyond question the most economical manure the Southern farmer can apply to his crop from year to year Besides applying plant food in the best and most available forms the com post exerts a mechanical influence upon the soil not produced by the plain commercial fertilizers Either the compost or the pea vines will supply all the ammonia needed in our soils the compost for special manuring of crops and the pea vinos will furnish ammonia and humus to the whole soil It must not however be understood that ammonia is the only important element of plant food supplied by these cheap sources of fertility On the contrary they supply all the elements of plant food Some of these however exist in such small percentages that very large quantities of the substances must be applied to supply these elements in sufficient quantities for the production of maxi 103DEPARTMENT OF AGR1CU LTU REGEORGIA mum crops The principal deficiency is in the percentage of phosphoric acid contained in pea vines and stable manure This is supplied by the addition of superphosphate in the compost at the time of putting it up The pea vines may be manured with superphosphates and thus at the same time supply this essential element of fertility to the soil and increase the growth of vines to be returned to the soil A comparison of the analyses of the field pea with that of clover which has been used as a soilimprover so long shows very slight difference so far as either their feeding or manorial value is concerned FOKMULE FOR COMPOSTS If the stable manure and cotton seed have been protected from waste by exposure to rain and son the following formula is recommended Stable Manureb50 pounds Green Cotton SeedtioO pounds Superphosphate700 pounds Making a ton of2000 pounds If the compost is intended for use on soils particularly deficient in potash the proportion of cotton seed and stable manure may be reduced 50 pounds each and 100 pounds of Kainit used instead The formula would then be Stable ManureCOO pounds Cotton Seed green600 pounds Superphosphate700 pounds Kainit 100 pounds Making a ton of 2000 pounds These ingredients may be varied in proportions to adapt the resulting com posts to different soils or crops but either of the above will be tound to give satisfactory results on every class of soils and on all of our cultivated crops Directions for CompostingThe ingredients may be mixed either by build ing up the heap by alternate layers of the ingredients or they may be thor oughly mixed and thrown into a heap In either case water should be freely used on the coarse materials while composting The following directions which have been given in former publications ot this department have been generally followed by those who have used the compost with most satisfactory results Most farmers prefer the plan of mix ing the ingredients well before placing them in the heap for fermentation Under this plan the mingling of the ingredients is more thorough during the process ot fermentation and hence its effects are probably more thorough though both plans have given good results Directions for CompostingSpread under shelter a layer of stablemanure four inches thick on this sprinkle a portion of the phosphate next spread a layer of cotton seed three inches thick wet these thoroughly with water and then apply more of the phosphate next spread another layer ot stable manure 104SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887 three inches thick and continue to repent these layers in the above order and in proportion to the quantity of each used to the ton until the material ii consumed Cover the whole mass with stable manure or scrapings from the lot one or two inches thick Allow the heap to stand in this condition until a thorough fermentation takes place which will require from three to six weeks according to circumstances dependent upon proper degree of moisture and the strength of the materials used When the cotton seed are thoroughly killed with a sharp hoe or mattock cut down vertically through the layers pulverize and shovel into a heap where the fermentation will be renewed and the compost be still further improved Let it lie two weeks after cutting down it will then be ready for use The following plan of mixture gives equally satisfactory results Mix the cotton seed and the stable manure in proper proportion moisten them with water apply the proportion of phosphate and mix thoroughly shoveling into a mass as prepared There is some advantage in this plan from the fact that the ingredients are thoroughly commingled during fermentation Eor CottonApply in the opening furrow 200 pounds and with th planting seed 75 or 100 pounds making in all 275 or 800 pounds per acre If it is desired to apply a larger quantity open furrows the desired distance and over them sow broadcast 400 pounds per acre bed the land and then apply 100 pounds per acre with the seed For CornApply in the hill by the side of the seed one gill to the bill An additional application around the stalk before the first plowing will largely increase the yield of grain True prosperity can never crown the efforts of the farmers of the State so long as home production is neglected and its place supplied by purchase from abroad at a rate of interest ranging from 40 per cent to 52 per cent on cash prices COTTON SUED AS A FERTILIZING MATERIAL The Commissioner has frequent enquiries from farmers for information concerning the relative fertilizing value of cotton seed and cotton seed meal The following tables reprinted from Circular 51 published in 1884 present the analysis of the seed and that of its component parts in a way that will be readily understood 1 100 pounds of green cotton seed will yield Ammonia250 pounds Phosphoric Acidi00 Puna PotashL25 PUld8 2 100 pounds of green cotton seed will yield LintClinters2 pounds Oil If gallons13 pounds Hulls50 Pund9 Cotton seed meal36 Poundi 10510 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA usually obtained S 100 pounds cotton seed hulls will yield Ammonia Phosphoric Acid 25Pud Potash 02o pound 085 pound 4 100 pounds cotton seed meal will yield Ammonia Phosphoric Acid 800 pOUnds Potash 275 Pds 150 pounds 5 100 pounds of the ashes of hulls such as ar from oil mill furnaces will yield Phosphoric Acid Potash 600 pounds 2000 pounds 6 10b0uTnwf T10 T ni1 iS6qUal Uet about 250 pounds 8J bushels of cotton seed aoiOiIZl th 7ercial vaUu f to be 15 cents phosphoric acd 7 cents and potash 5 cents per pound the value of cotton seed eomponent parts are as follows 100 pounds green cotton seed 1 bushel green cotton seed about 1 ton green cotton seed about 100 pounds of hulls 1 ton of hulls 100 pounds cotton seed meal 1 ton cotton seed meal 100 pounds of kernels 1 ton of kernels and its 051 015 100 pounds ashes of hulls 1 ton ashes of hulls 010 198 148 2962 108 2162 145 2900 The above is based solely on the assumed values of the valuable fertilizing for aPPateS the present cost of these materials in other A fertilizer well suited for most crops maybe made with acid phosphate kainit and cotton seed meal in the following proportions Acid Phosphate Cotton Seed Meal 1B00 pounds Ivainit 500 pounds 200 pounds A mixture of these materials in this proportion would containTboitTpt per cent phosphor acid 2 per cent of ammonia and 1 of potash 106SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1887 11 FORMULA FOR CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS The following tables by Prof Georges Ville are the result of thirty years experiment begun it is true in burnt sand but practically tested by himself in open ground first at Vineennes then in many parts of Europe by practical farmers who wished to grow their crops with more certain results larger quan tities and more profit Hundred of these practical farmers testify they have gained these three points of greater certainty larger quantities and increased profit by adhering to Prof Villes methods not by buying expensive chemicals and putting them haphazard on their fields but by analyzing their soil by plants thus knowing in what their land was deficient and continuing this analysis on plats aside from the main crop with every crop made gaining a practical knowledge each season of the kind ot fertilizer required for the successful feeding of the crop tor the following season The manufacturers of fertilizers ot the United States can testify to the value which Prof Villes formula of fertilizers have been to them The Crop Report for October will have plates showing the effect of the absence or presence of the dominant of a plant and the effect of the dominant used alone or associated with the four terms of the complete fertilizer E L H INDEX AND CLASSIFCATION OF THE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND THEIR DERIVATIVESComplktk Fertilizer DOMINANT NITROGEN Complete Fertilizer No 1 Rape Hemp Meadow Cereals per acre Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs Nitrate of Potash176 lbs Sulphate of Ammonia220 lbs Sulphate of Lime308 lbs 105G lbs Complete Fertilizer No 2 Beets Carote Vegetables per acre Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs Nitrate of Potash176 lbs Nitrate of Soda264 lbs Sulphate of Lime26 lbs 1056 lbs DOMINANT POTASH Complete Fertilizer No 3 Irish Potatoes Flax per acre Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs Nitrate of Potash264 lbs Sulphate of Lime264 lbs S80 lbs Complete Fertilizer No 4 Vines Fruit Trees per acre Superphosphate of Lime528 lbs Nitrate of Potash440 lbs Sulphate of Lime352 lbs 1320 lbs 10712 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Dominant Phosphate of Lime Complete Fertilizer No 5 Corn SugarCane Sorghum Artichoke Superphosphate of Lime Nitrate of Potash Sulphate of Lime per acre 528 lbs 176 lbs 352 lbs No Dominant I Complete Fertilizer No 6 Flax for Lace Legumes Lucerne per acre Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs Nitrate of Potash170 lbs Sulphate of Lime352 lbs 880 lb 1056 lbs HOMOGENOUS FERTILIZERS Types 1 They are of the same composition as the corresponding Complete Feitilizer but the nitrate of potash is replaced by a mixture of chloride of potash and sulphate of ammonia DOMINANT NITROGEN Complete Fertilizer No 1 Rape Hemp Cereals Meadow per acre SUP1 rphcBphate of lime lbs Chloride ol Patash at SO 176 lbs Sulphate of ammonia 343 lbs Sulphate of Lime Is lbs 1056 lbs Complete Fertilizer No 2 Beets Carots Vegetables per acre Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs Chloride of Potash at so 177 lbs Sulphate of Ammonia123 lbs Nitrate of Soda264 lbs Sulphate of Lime140 lbs 1056 lbs Complete Fertilizer No 3 Still understudy Complete Fertilizer No 4 Vines Fruit Trees per aere Superphosphate of Lime528 lbs Chloride of Potash at SO 441 lbs Sulphate of Ammonia80S lbs Sulphate of Lime 41 lbs 1300 lbs Ivpes ip The Superphosphate ol Lime is replaced by precipitated phos phate Ph Q5 2Ca Oxaq Complete Fertilizer No 1 p Rape Hemp Cereals Meadow Precipitated Phosphate Pl4bs Nitrate of Potash 176 lC Sulphate of Ammonia Vn ikr sulphate of Line i38 lbs Complete Fertilizer No 2 p Beets Carots Vegetables per acre Precipitated Phosphate140 lbs Nitrate of Potasli17c lbs Nitrate of Soda204 lbs Sulphate of Lime291 lbs ssi 1 lbs 880 lbs Complete Fertilizer No p Complete Fertilizer No I p Irish Potatoes Flax Precipitated Phosphate piUbs Nitrat of Potash jbV Sulphate of Lime291 lbs Vines Fruit Trees per aere Precipitated Phosphate220 lbs Nitrate of Potash 4411 Potash Sulphate of Lime 1411 lbs 220 lbs 704 lbs Nos 6 p and 1 under study ss 11m 108SEPTEMBER CROP REPORTU IS INTENSE COMPLETE FERTILIZERS They differ from the corresponding Complete Fertilizers by the increased amount of the dominant DOMINANT NITROGEN Intense Complete Fertilizer No 1 Rape Hemp Wheat per acre Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs Nitrate of Potash176 bs Sulphate of Ammonia308 IDS Sulphate of Limeos lbs 1114 lbs DOMINANT POTASH Intense Complete Fertilizer No 3 Intense Complete Fertilizer No 2 Beets Carots Vegetables per acre Superphosphate of Lime852 lbs Nitrate of Potash176 lbs Nitrate of Soda396 lbs Sulphate of Lime220 lbs 1144 lbs DOMINANT PHOSPHATE OF LIME Irish Potatoes Flax per acre 352 lbs Superphosphate of Lime Nitrate of Potash264 bs Nitrate of Soda 85 bs Sulphate of Lime179 lbs Intense Complete Fertilizer No 4 880 lbs Corn Sugar Cane Sorghum per acre Superphosphate of Lime528 lbs Nitrate of Potash176 lbs Sulphate o Ammonia ltp Sulphate of Lime2tll lbs 1056 lbs INCOMPLETE FERTILIZERS are derived from Complete Fertilizers Nos 1 and 2 by the suppression of the potash and from Complete Fertilizer No 6 by the suppression of WITHOUT POTASH Incomplete Fertilizer No 1 Rape Hemp Cereals Meadow per acre Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs Sulphate of Ammonia308 lbs Sulphate of Lime220 lbs 880 lbs Incomplete Fertilizer No 2 Beets Carots Superphosphate of Lime Nitrate of soda Sulphate of Lime per acre 352 lbs WITHOUT NITROGEN Incomplete Fertilizer No 6 Legumes Sanfoin Clover Lucerne 1 per acre Superphosphate of Lime352 lbs Chloride of Potash170 lbs Sulphate of Lime352 lbs 880 lbs 1 For Lucerne a mixture of 88 lbs of chloride of potash and 88 lbs of sulphate of potash replaced the 176 lbs of chloride of potash and gave me excellent results 2 Chloride of potash is much cheaper than sulphate of potash 10914 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA FERTILIZER FOR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS DESIGNED TO ACT NOT ONLY ON THE AMOUNT OF OROP BUT ON THE QUALITY OF THE CROP These fertilizers are still under study but by looking at the plates of corn forage and corn shown in the Brussels Lectures published in this department in 188 you will sec the effect on corn by substituting sulphateof potash and chloride of potash for nitrate of potash Sulphate of potash grew luxuriant forage without grain chloride of potash grew less stalk but an ear of corn well filled with perfect grains 110THE GEORGIA STATE FAIR HELD ANNUALLY AT MACON GEORGIA Opening October 24th 1887 and Continuing One Week 12000 IN CASH PREMIUMS To the County making the best and largest display of agricultural product home iudus try a cash prize of 100000 is offered County making the second best display S50000 Third best display 25000 To the individual making the best and largest display 10000 second 5000 third 2500 and a larger number of smaller premiums than ever before THE FAIR OF 1887 promises to be the grandest Exhibition ever held in Georgia The citizens of Macon are alive to the fact that the STATE FAIR is the most beneficial enterprise to the State and eity and every man is at work New hotels and boarding houses will be built to accom modate the large crowds and every man woman or child can find accommodations in the city The Railroads will give cheap rates A larger number of attractions than ever before will be procured Agriculture is the basis of all prosperity and the Fairs do more to stimulate industry than all other agencies For Premium List and further particulars address E C GRIER Secy MACON GA L F LIVINGSTOM President Covington Ga R 1 POWELL Treasurer Bamesville Ga E C GRIER Secretary Macon Ga ROBERT A NISBET General Supt Macon GaSpecial Circular No 67 New Series j Report of Growing Crops Yields Etc FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1887 RETURNABLE OCTOBER I 1887 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Sept 17 1887 Dear Sir Please answer the following questions and mail so as to reach this office by the first day of October or a few days before if necessary Answer every question that will admit of it in numbers indicating per cent An AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at any time is 10 per cent better than last year or 10 per cent better than an average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10 per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague comparisons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside or as far in every direction as your knowledge maj extend not simply to your own farm and as nearly as possible represent the true con dition of crops If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the Character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate leave the space blank Very respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture I For what County do you reportCounty II Your name III Post Office IV Date of mailing this reportI DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE From the present indications what will he the total yield compared to an average crop ot 1 Cotton per cent 2 Corn per cent 3 Sugar Cane per cent 4 Rice per cent 5 Sweet Potatoes per cent 6 Tobacco per cent 7 Give number of hogs of ail ages compared to last year per cent 8 Number of hogs for pork compared to last year per cent REMARKS Name of County Your nameCircular No 96 I New Sertes CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1887 Returned to the Department op Agriculture Oct 1 1887 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga October 7 1887 GENERAL REMARKS The conditions affecting crops since September 1 have under gone no material change the weather continuing dry with rather unseasonable cool parching winds The Notes of Correspond ents which are unusually full this month show the general con dition and prospects ol the crops and the spirit of thefarmers bet ter than any formal tabulation in figures could do COTTON As shown by the tabulation which follows these comments tho condition of this crop has fallen from 82 on September 1 to 78 October 1 a loss of four points This further reduction is due to several causes chief of which are the continued dry weather and the unfavorable cool parching winds which have prevented tho proper development of many young bolls that were counted on with confidence at last report In the southern half of the State rust and caterpillars have played an important part in destroying the hopes of a late crop of bolls Notwithstanding the present unfavorable outlook the prospect is only one point lower than at the same date last year and some 1112 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA farmers express the opinion that the crop will exceed that of last year While the weather has been very unfavorable for the ma turing of a late crop at the same time the absence of rain and storms since the cotton commenced to open has enabled the farmers to gather the staple very rapidly and in excellent condi tion The receipts from wagons at all the interior markets up to date are largely in excess of the usual deliveries This would ordinarily indicate a heavy crop but not so at this time The almost universal statement is that the crop has opened more rap idly picking has progressed more favorably and there is less in the fields to gather than usual The crop is nearly all gathered and most of it sold The principal reduction in prospects appears in Middle and North Georgia The following exhibits the com parative status in the several sections Sept 1 Oct 1 North Georgia93 84 Middle Georgia81 71 Southwest Georgia74 73 East Georgia75 79 Southeast Georgia86 83 In the State82 79 COKN Of course the conditions of the weather since September cannot have seriously affected the yield of corn except in extreme North Georgia Yet we find that the general prospect in the State has fallen from 97 on the first of September to 91 at date of this report This reduced estimate is the result of actual reduction of yield in the mountain counties on account of early frost and in other sections on account of the quantity of rotten ears which were not noted and appreciated until the corn harvest began Thero is no doubt however that there is enough corn to do until the next crop is gathered but it is unequally distributed Middle Georgia being rather short and the other sections having a sur plus particularly in North Georgia 112OCTOBER CROP REPORTi887 g MISCELLANEOUS CROPS The dry weather has considerably reduced the condition and prospect of all crops maturing in the fall Sweet potatoes have fallen from 97 to 87 in the last thirty days and in some sections the crop is comparatively a failure The same remarks apply in less degree to the sugar cane crop while late peas have gener ally failed There seems to be a fair comparative number of hogs of all kinds and pork hogs Cholera is still raging in some counties but in others the stocks are being rapidly replenished and increased THE CULTURE OP PEANUTS Among the new or improved varieties of seeds and plants dis tributed by this Department during the last eight years none has given more satisfaction than the Spanish peanut first distributed two years ago Without a single exception the reports of those to whom seed were sent have been favorable and many have been enthusiastic in their praises This variety has several points of merit 1 Extreme earliness In Middle Georgia the seed may be first planted about April 1 By July 1 the crop may be harvested and a second crop may be planted on the same land The latter will mature early in October having yet a month to spare before the usual first killing frost 2 The plants have an upright habit of growth and the nuts form in a cluster immediately around the main tap root This peculiarity permits very close planting and at the same time greatly facilitates harvesting as nearly every pea pill cling to the plant when the latter is pulled up 3 The pods are remarkably free from pops being generally well filled and plump 4 It seems to be as prolific as any of the old varieties and with the advantage of earliness and the possibility of growing two crops in one season on the same land it is greatly more prcv ductive 1134 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA In support of the general statements of merit above given may be cited the following extracts from the reports of correspondents The Spanish peanut is par excellancc compared with the old African pea I find that they mature unilormly and that two crops may be grown on the ame land the same year Jno R Doerflinqer Glynn county The only good crops we have is the Spanish and Speckled peas which are jne 1 A Williams Pike county I consider the Spanish groundpea a great blessing to the farmer Every farm should have from one to ten or more acres according to size planted with this pea for fattening hogs It is a sure crp and requires but little labor My experience with it has been satisfactory I P Adkins Jefferson Oo The Spanish peanut solves the meat problem H S Wimukkly Twiggs County The Spanish peanuts 1 pints sent me from your department was planted 16th April Have been gathered yielding 6 bushels of firm sound hard ats Nopopsin the lot very easily gathered all coming up with the Tjne T AWalker Newton County The Spanish groundpea you sent me is quite prolific On onenineteenth part of an acre of poor white land I gathered three 3 bushels Jno H Williams Merriwether County The Spanish groundpea from your Department is very valuable both as hog feed and hay for all stock so easily housed pull up sun one day put in barn and pick off on rainy days what you wish to sell or use Better feed I have not seen Thos H Stallworth Henry county The seed corn you sent us did well also the Jones cotton seed and Kaffir eorn and Spanish peanuts but we didnt know how to plant Kaffir but have learned and will plant again T G Preston Butts County I planted first crop groundpeas 10th day of March gathered them last week in June when I planted the same land in the crop just gathered which is the crop I am now gathering making two crops from same land in 27 weeks welldeveloped Yield of both crops about same60 bushels per acreas both crops suffered about alike from drouth making 100 bushels peas and three tons of hay from an acre and all in the short space of 27 weeks or 119 days Total cost of cultivating both crops 12 or 6 per acre with 400 pounds of Eddystone guano 200 pounds to each crop J P Jones Troup county The foregoing reports were not in reply to special questions but seem to be spontaneous tributes to the manifest merits of this variety Owing to its upright habit of growth the tops may be easily mowed and cured into the most nutritious of hay fully 114OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887 i equal to clover hay The pea nut belongs to the same order of plants as the cloverthe Leguminousand may be made to do double duty in like manner furnishing both seed and hay The facility with which this particular variety may be gatheredthe peas all clinging to main rootis a strong point in its favor With such food crops as Spanish pea nuts sweet potatoes ohufas and field peas not to speak of a dozen other wellknown resources for hog feed the meat problem ought indeed to be solved excepting only the dreaded cholera 116TABULATION OF CEOP EEPOBT FOE OCTOBEE 1 1887 BY SECTIONS Showing the Condition and Prospect Compared to an Average at S 9 PC3 r OS A I 0 5 i a V o T 5 a o d u o O as O u 9 a cc i 2 O 0 CO o o ni O 1 w c o 84 91 97 87 89 96 95 71 85 91 83 77 77 91 90 73 97 75 78 67 67 84 91 79 97 73 80 69 96 94 83 92 79 75 79 101 97 78 93 83 79 76 82 93 94 82 97 96 88 97 94 Average October 1 1886 79 91 91 98 87 96 c is to a 9 o s h1 o F i3 a s I ts o OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887 NOTES OF COKKESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksBeautilul weather for gathering crops cotton will be all open before frost if it stays off till the middle of October there is no August crop of bolls on the cotton in this county QE0 w Wiley Chattooga Tho drouth has injured cotton badly no rain in some six weeks turnips potatoes and all vegetation is about played out It is raining now and has been since last night Cotton half picked out W F Tapp CherokeeLate cotton cut off by drought in August and first half of September corn injured by overflow and too much rain while blooming M S Paden CobbThe season here has been peculiar April May and June were dry July to 6th of August wet to ruination the consequence was the exuberant growth of the excessive wet was not kept up and disaster to both corn and cot ton followed reducing the points from twenty to forty R W Joynkr Cotton is opening very fast if weather continues good will be all picked out by the 15th of October Lint cotton is off five per cent from last year J T LlNDLEY DadeNo rain during the present month which has materially injured the sweet potato crop also our pastures and top crop of cotton G W Stewart DawsonCorn will fall far below what we expected when the rains set in It has been seriously affected by the wet outside of freshets Cotton was also affected there being scarcely any middle crop on the stalk A J Logan FranklinThe heavy rains and the dry weather have caused the cotton to shed much of its fruit cotton is opening very rapidly and will all be open by the loth of October Upland corn good Bottoms not damaged like I once thouSht J B D MoWhorter GilmerThe corn crop will be near if not quite an average crop Hogs are scarce a fine mast this year for hogs N L Osborn GordonCotton has fallen off The rains of August made loo much weed then six weeks dry causing rust and shedding o H Davis The top crop on cotton is very light in consequence of hot dry weather the same cause has injured sweet potatoes but the sorghum crop has come through unscathed and is very fine particularly the orange variety N B Hall GwinnettNo rain since the big rain in August Cotton over half open The turnip crop is a complete failure Very short crop Miles P King 117a DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The cotton crop is yielding better than anticipated in my report for Au gust The dry open weather of September has been favorable for maturing opening and gathering R D Winn HabershamCorn not as good as expected Some corn killed by water standing on it too long Young corn that tasseled out after freshet of first day of August has not eared out well Have had no rain since August 27th W W Kollock HallThis report is based upon general enquiry and my observation is that it is hard to estimate satisfactorily The prospect now is that the general crop of this county will be far below last years W F Wallis HaralsonThe continued rains of July and August injured the crops con siderably and they are not as good as was hoped for by a great deal Nothing remains uninjured but potatoes and sorghum J W Biggfrs Murray of the State An early frost would greatly shorten the cotton crop in this part R T Beck The cotton crop is materially hurt by the dry and hot weather the lint i short Late corn is cut short by hot days and cool nights The caterpillar appeared about the 12th inst G Jackson PickensCorn cotton and wheat are all better this year than last Sweet potatoes not so good as last year Farmers are in a better condition than they were last year Give us the stock law and tax dogs to protect our sheep in terest Joseph Deering PolkCotton is nearly all open Much of it will not class above low middling asit has been impossible to keep up with it and it has taken sev eral hard rains The crop is short and will soon be gathered First frost 25th September Jno O Waddiil RabunUp to the middle of July there was a fine prospect for a good corn crop but the continued rains and cloudy weather the latter part of July and first of August and the drouth since has materially injured it We had 60me frost on the 23d and 24th instant which injured the tender vegetation F A Blecklby TownsI base my estimate on pork hogs on account of the great mast thi year it will not cost hardly any grain to make pork in this county conse quently the cost will be less than half of last year W R McConnell UnionOwing to the fine mountain mast of all kinds there will be about 6 per cent more pork on the market this year than last The early frost will damage late corn to some extent H L Carroll WalkerThe corn crop of Walker is better than it has been for year Cotton is badly injured by the long drought Altogether the farmers of thii county are in better condition than usual J A Clements 118OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887 MIDDLE GEORGIA CampbellToo much rain for cotton picking retarded All the corn o very low land on the rivers and creeks a total loss J M Mason The cotton crop is bound to be a short one and as yet it is hard to tell to what extent it is off Many say at least onethird p H Steed CarrollThe drouth in August and September cut off our cotton at least 33 per cent Late cotton will not make half a crop while forward cotton well worked is very good Our county will make about crop M R Russell ClarkeFarmers are blue over short crops both corn and cotton and the low prices of cotton Small grain will receive a large share of attention this fall So mote it be r p Pittard ClaytonThe July rain followed by a drouth materially injured the crops in this county Up to July 25th the prospect was the finest ever known but all crops stopped growing after the rain storms A P Adamson ColumbiaCotton is yielding badly viz Such a great proportion of seed It continues very drydisastrious to cane potatoes peas etc J A Walton CowitaThere is more grass in the crops I believe than I ever knew owing to the protracted wet spell in July and part of August Let us plant less manure more and work better Wm A Smith DkKalb Cotton picking is farthest advanced I ever knew it on October 1st The late cotton of which there is at least 20 per cent in our county will not mature more than half crop Upland corn good but flood of July ruined bottoms X J Flake Cotton is not half s good as the farmers thought The wet July made it shed all but the July crop There is plenty of weed but the bolls are not there Late corn was not so good the wind blew it so hard it broke the roots and almost ruined the corn W H Carter DouglasCrops generally through this county are far shorter than wai expected The ground peas you sent us proves to be very good also Kaflir corn yields well On ordinary land it will make 50 bushels per acre B H Phillips Just had 20 hours rain What damage it will do I cant say I think the farmers are fifteen per cent better off than they were twelve months ago W H Nalley ElkertVery dry Cotton open a good deal in the field not picked It has opened so fast it was impossible to keep up with it and it is not turning out lint near as well as it did last year D M Carlton The drouth has ruined the top crop of cotton and seriously damaged all fall crops j L Thornton 11910 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA FayetteCotton does not third itself takes on an average 1575 pounds eed cotton to make 500 pound bale with bagging and ties thrown in Farm ers are well up with gathering should weather remain good the entire crop will be gathered by 30th of October Corn is worse damaged than was thought at first both on uplands and bottoms J G Posey GreeneWe have had only one light rain since August 18th Cotton opened very fast No grain sown Turnips almost a failure Peas and po tatoes cut off very much Second crop of Irish potatoes will not be J of a crop James M Griffin M D Late cotton has done little or nothing The crop is obliged to John Turner Hancock be short I have never seen the crop of cotton so near all out by October 1st before There is no late cot on I think the crop in this portion of the county is hardly over onehalf although I put 60 J W Cawthon HarrisRose color it as we may there can be no disguising the fact that a majority of the common farmers in this section will be at the end of the present year in a much worse financial condition than at the close of any year in the past ten years The remedy lies in hard unremitting persistent judicious work coupled with strict economy in every department of farm management J B P HenryWe had a fine prospect for cotton The heavy rains on the 1st of August filled it full of sap and caused it to shed since that we have had very hot dry weather which has made the bolls very small J M McDonald The forward cotton is a good average crop where there was moisture enough to bring up the seed and where they were put in the ground early the cotton is a good average Late cotton is scarcely half a crop J A C Wynn JonesThe continued dry weather injured the cane and potato crops and has knocked off the pea crop about 20 per cent Considering the entire sur roundings the farmers of this county will be in a fair condition for the next crop R T Ross LincolnAll late cotton has failed to mature Farmers will be through picking by first of Nov Considerable frost this morning 26th J M Dill McDuffieThere will be little difference in this cotton crop and our ordi nary cotton crop while corn is very much better Thos E Watson I have traveled over most of the county within two weeks just past The cotton crop will be better than was thought 1st September Threefourth of the crop now gathered and in fine condition Pea crop good Have just gathered myself from three and a half acres pine land 121 bushels corn H McCorkle 120OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887 11 No rain since last report until today Together with exeesive rains in July and August has reduced the yield to 80 per cent if not onefourth in the cotton crop A E Sturqis MeriWethek A great many hogs have died with the cholera Cotton that was planted early on gray land is tolerahly good but that which was planted late on red land is very sorry R M McCaslan MonroeHave never seen farmers any more despondent little over half cotton crop poor corn low price of cotton with downward tendency Too much cotton and nigger and not enough grass and stock the cause The only ray of hone is the increasing number of colts hogs and cattle to be seen With Bermuda for summer and rye and other grass for winter we have a country anequaled for raising fine stock There are numbers of horse and mule colts in the county as fine as can be seen anywhere Guy Taylor NewtonThe great heat drought and winds has cut off all crops to the given figures in my opinion and it is also the judgment of some of our best and most successful and practical farmers T A Walker OconeeCotton that was well manured and planted early is an average crop Upland corn where it was planted early and was well cultivated is good R L Durham OqlethorpeCotton has been cut off a great deal by the late dry weather Bottom corn is almost a total loss Hogs are nearly the same n number but in better condition than usual James J Green PikeIn consequence of floods ana drought there will not be more than 76 per cent of an average crop of corn or cotton in this county C R Wilson It is a universal fact that all early cotton this year is decidedly better than late With twenty years experience in farming this will be the case four out of five years E W Rose PutnamI think there is not sufficient attention paid to the pea crop es pecially the speckled or Whippoorwill kind for if planted the middle of April they can be gathered before cotton is ready to pick O W Reid RockdaleOur farmers will be through picking cotton in a few days if the present dry weather continues There is no top crop and I think I make a fair estimate when I say half a crop of cotton P H White TalieerroThe dry weather in August and September cut the potato crop down to 50 Hogs are very scarce cholera in the spring cut them down to about 90 per cent as compared to last year F F Wright The five or six weeks that have passed since cotton picking began have been dry and the percentage of that crop gathered is unusually large Not 12112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA morii than a thirdperhaps not so much of the crop is now in the field This dry season has been very unfavorable to peas potatoes and turnips and has prevented an early sowing of oats The corn crop of this county would have been 25 or 30 per cent above an average had not so much been destroyed by the flood L L V TalbotThe weather is very cool and will have frost if it continue I dont think we will get over a half crop of cotton not enough to pay supply bills if the price is not better I planted for one hundred bales of cotton but will get twentyfive or perhaps thirty bales L B MoCrokt The outlook for the farmer is depressingshort crops and low price The pea and sorghum crops are gone There is a bright side to anything we can be independent as long as peas sorghum and corn last Wm H Ellison TroupSince thewet weather the last of July cotton has appeared to hav eome kind of blight or rust and has made but little cotton since and the crop will be short in this section James Patillo The drouth from last of July has entirely destroyed the top crop of cotton The freshets of July badly injured the corn crop Great loss on cotton lands H H Cary M D WaltonCotton crop will be gathered by November 1st July crop good August crop short and opening prematurelydrouth Upland corn good bottoms damaged from onehalf to twothirds J M Grksham WarrenThe cholera killed half of the hogs both stock and pork lat year This year I think the per cent will go to 90 The pea crop srood con sidering four weeks of dry warm weather A good rain yesterday and last night The turnip crop a failure D W Rogers The cotton crop will be gathered much earlier than it has been for several years past thereby giving farmers more time to put in small grain than usual R M Hardaway SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerDry weather has injured the corn and potato badly has caused the complete loss almost of the pea crop and will suspend the sowing of Eall oats October is the best month to sow Fall oats September for barley and rye for winter pastures which time has passed and is passing Cholera ha thinned out our hogs in a number of places G F Kino Best corn crop since 1876 Plenty made to do the county While the cotton crop is not as good as it promised to be in July it is much better than it promised in August No rain since August 4 Reuben Jones BerrienHogs are in fine healthy condition but few pork hogs over one year old and I fear that the fall crop is too short to fatten what pork hogs w have Ground peas half crop field peas a failure too dry J J Parish 122OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887 It OalhounNo rain has fallen since the first of August and cane and po tatoes are a complete failure except on low lands Cholera is killing the hogs rapidly at this time Cotton is nearly all gathered and a greater portion marketed Some planters have picked 14 bales to the plow to date F P Griffin ChattahoooheeWe have had very little rain since the flood Po tatoes and turnips are very poor The Kaffir corn and Spanish peanuts received from you did well The early yellow corn sent ripened along with Golden Dent bought of Robert Buists P V SCHLET ClayAll root crops sugar cane gardens etc are badly injured from the late drouth We had fine rain yesterday and prospect good for more today Speight CrawfordOur glorious prospects in nearly every crop have been greatly blighted Wet spell boll worm rust caterpillar and drouth have all made their ravages on cotton crops and the general opinion is that hardly a half rop is expected r find corn also has suffered A good deal of it is rotten J W Stroud DscatttbCorn field pea vines were saved by stacking in the field Some of the cattle in this section become lame as it seems in their shoulders and after a time their hoof comes off What is it W B MoDaniel DoolyNo rain since August 11th which has seriously damaged fall crops uch as sugar cane potatoes and peas The previous heavy rains and the drouth of August completely closed up cotton for this year S P Odom DoughertyDry weather has greatly cut off cotton cane potatoes Eight weeks without a drop of rain Cotton bolls only half size and lint very short and light 87 per cent picked out 80 per cent marketed J L Dozier We have had no rain since the 6th of August till yesterday The weather being very favorable for picking since the 1st of August the cotton crop has been gathered rapidly and I think at least threefourths of the crop is picked out A W Cosby HoustonThe excessive rains caused cotton to shed the forms and then followed drouth from August to date reducing the crop onethird if not more Wm J Anderson MacomNo rain for weeks Cotton is gathered in fine condition but late crops of pea potatoes sugar cane rice etc have suffered considerably A J Cheves MarionA drouth of seven weeks has prevailed over the best portion of the county following right after the floods of August 1st has greatly damaged all crops not matured at that time causing cotton to open more rapidly and 12314 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA prematurely than ever known before Fourfifths of the crop is open and threefourths picked out Geo W Munro MillerThe cotton crop is all gathered the quality of the cotton is the best we ever bad as we have not had a drop of rain on it Sugar cane and pea crops are injured from drouth J S Clifton MitchellThe long continued drought during the latter part of August and September up to two days ago cut quite short the crops of peas potatoes cane etc The cotton crop is 20 per cent off from the prospect in July J B Twittt MuscoqkeThe cotton crop it seems turns out shorter the nearer it is gathered It will be the shortest in this section for years That is in the whole section trading with Columbus L F Hummk RandolphThe dry weather throughout this section since the July freshefy has greatly damaged all of our crops Corn has suffered less than any as it was mostly made before the dry weather could injure it Howard W Key The fall has been remarkably dry and cotton picking is far advanced say twothirds of the crop picked onehalf marketed R F Crittenden TerrellOwing to the drouth and caterpillar cotton was cut off from last report Cotton gathered was never in better condition clear of dirt and trash Farmers owe less and in better condition than usual E G Hill ThomasThe long continued drouth has materially injured potatoes and cane The weather has been very favorable for cotton picking The planters are well up with the cotton crop The quality of the cotton is good and the yield will be over that of last year There was good rain yesterday the first time for nearly two months Dan A Horn The hog cholera is prevalent in all sections of the county We have had the most favorable season for gathering cotton I ever knew Almost the entire crop is out with no rain on it E L Neel WilcoxCotton seriously injured by wet weather in spring and drouth in the latter part of summer and fall and the same with potatoes and sugar cane A R Cain WorthThe cotton crop will all be housed by the 15th of Octoberno top crop Sugar cane is now drying up in the patch The fall peas are a complete failure The ground is drier than I have seen it for years and it is dry and windy There is no cholera among the hogs This years crop will be wound up by the 1st of November G B Watson EAST GEORGIA BullochShortest crop of corn and cotton since 1875 Caterpillars de stroying top crop C A Sorrier 124OCTOBER CROP REPORT1887 15 BurkeSome persons estimate the cotton on their own farms at 50 per cent I think I place the average high enough at 66 The caterpillar has been in the county since the 10th of August The fields have been overrun two or three times by the pickers and the larger portion of the crop is out J B Jones DodgeSugar cane peas and potatoes damaged some from drouth Two thirds cotton crop out and marketed D M Buchan EmantjelWe have had no rain in this section since the storm in July The late crops such as peas sugar cane turnips potatoes etc are badly in Jured E W Lane M D JeffersonThe weather has been so dry for the last month that all fall crops are well nigh ruined Peas potatoes and turnips ruined cotton and sugar cane cut short A E Taver JohnsonWe have had the finest weather I ever saw to gather the crops J H Hicks LaurensA two months drouth has lowered the prospects of all crops except corn Weather for gathering very fine Cotton is going to market rapidly It will be nearly all in by 15th of November J T Chappell MontgomeryNo rain of consequence since the August flood All tall crops cut short at least 25 per cent G M T MoLeod The continued raining in August and the dry weather since has injured the crop to some extent The sample was never better J Clayton Clements ScrevenContinued dry weather in August cut off the top crop of cotton and has very much injured sugar cane rice and potatoes E B Gross TatnallNo rain since the 1st of August to wet the ground except in a few places and of small area so all fall crops are cut very short Sugar cane potatoes peas and rice are almost ruined No chance to get a turnip up Cool dry and dusty now A p MooRE TeleairThe rains ceased on the 8th of August and a continuous drouth until the 28th of September which caused a severe loss on all fall crops Cot ton is cut off onethird Sugar cane peas and potatoes nearly onehalf Wm P Williams TwiggsA long drouth of six or eight weeks continuous broken today September 28th has materially damaged all fall cropscotton cane potatoes and peas The Spanish ground pea solves the meat problem H S Wimberley WashingtonWe have had no rains since the freshet and in consequence late crops Peas potatoes cane peanuts turnips etc are almost failures Wm A Snelling 125le DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA SOUTHEAST GEORGIA ClinchThe drouth has injured cotton to some extent and cane and pota toes materially hut we have had some rain recently which if followed soon by more will greatly benefit cane and potatoes Rice is not planted much We have but little fall gardens yet for want of rain LC Mattox My report is based on S I Cotton The top crop will be quite short on account of drouth We have had only a few very light showers for the last six weeks The only relief for the average farmer is to keep out of debt raise more manure plant less cotton and by all means raise the supplies on the farm It is better aid quicker relief than to join the Grangers or Farmers Alliance M T CoffeeCotton has been damaged by drouth in July and by rains in Au gust rust following and doing great damage to top cotton Rice and peas almost a failure from drouth this Fall J B Pafford Owing to drouth Fall crops are cut short Field peas are almost a failure and sugar cane is giving way Still dry Joseph Baitky EcholsWe have had a severe drouth to follow the excessive rains of the latter part of Summer which has caused almost a failure in Fall crops Rains are now falling and gardens though late are being seeded G W Prime EffinohamEvery article produced by the farmer is from 60 to 25 per cent off Decidedly the poorest crop that has been made in the county for the past twenty years F R Tarvek GlynnFor the past two weeks we have had good weather for our Fall planting of turnips cabbage and beets These areplanted largely on the Island James Postell LibertyNo rain since early in August Cotton opening prematurely General complaint of much rotten corn Some attribute it to the heavy rains when in silk By examining the stalks with defective ears I find each one bored and injured by a worm With oats at a cost of 300 per acre yielding 15 to 30 or GO bushels Spanish ground peas and Kaffir corn we have abundant feed for horses cattle pigs and poultry at small outlay Jas A M King Six weeks 6ince we have had a general rain Many farmers have turned stock in potato patches as the ground is too dry for potatoes to do anything I O Davis Jr 126Special Circular No 68 New Series j QUESTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT OF CROPS ETC IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA FOR THE YEAR 1887 Returnable to the Department of Agriculture December 15 1887 Department ok Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dec 5 1887 Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and return to this office between this and December loth inst Let the answers apply to the whole county for which you report not simply to your own farm and neighborhood JjgNew correspondents are informed that the crop or standard with which comparisons are made is always 100 so 10 per cent better or greater or more would be indicated by 110 10 per cent less by 90 etc Please answer promptly so that your reply may reach this office by the fif teenth day of December or as soon thereafter as practicable Correspondents are earnestly requested to use special care in the preparation of their answers in this report The estimates of actual yield should be made with great care after diligent inquiry Very respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture I For what county do you report Comity II Your name III Postoffice IV Will you serve as reporter next year If you cannot serve please secure an intelligent farmer of your neighborhood and give his address here Postoffice CountyState 1862 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Give the total product the present year of the following crops in your county in comparison with an average crop 1 Cottontotal product compared to average productPer ceut 2 Corntotal product compared to average productPer cent 3 Wheattotal product compared to average productPer cent 4 Oatstotatproduct compared to average productPer cent 5 SugarCanetotal product compared to average productPercent 6 Sorghumtotal product compared to average productPercent 7 Ricetotal product compared to average productPcr ent 8 Sweet potatoestotal product compared to average productPer cent 9 Field Peastotal product compared toaverage productPer cent 10 Ground Peastotal product compared to average productPer eent 11 Tobaccototal product compared to average productPer cent 12 Hayname principal kind grown p Give the average yield per acre for the present year in your county of VI Cottonunmber of acres to the bale rAcres It Cornaverage yield in bushels per acre B hl 15 Wheataverage yield in bushels per acre Bu li Oatsaverage yield in bushels per acre Bush 17 Sugar Caneaverage yield in bushels per acre Bushels 18 Sorghumaverage yield in gallons per acre Galloi VX Riceaverage yield in bushels per acreBushels r0gh Sweet Potatoesaverage yield in bushels per acre Bftghels 21 Field Peasaverage yield in bushels per acre Bushels 22 Ground Peasaverage yield in bushels per acre Bushel 21 Tobaccoaverage yield in lbs per acre lbs 24 Hayaverage yield in tons per acreTons urwl 132SI 20 27 28 29 iO 31 QUESTIONS FOR OROP REPORT Give the average price December 1st of Cotton per pound Corn per bushel 38 39 JO Cents Cents Wheat per bushelCents Oats per bushelCents Sugar Cane Syrup per gallonCents Sorghum Syrup per gallonCents Rough Rice per bushelCents Sweet Potatoes per bushelCents Hay per tonf MISCELLANEOUS Acreage sown in wheat this fall compared to last yearPer cent Acreage in fall oats compared to last yearPercent Amount of home raised pork produced compared to last yearPer cent No of Stock hogs all sizes compared to last yearPercent Per cent of a full farm supply of pork producedPercent Number of sheep compared with last yearPer cent Condition of farmers in your county compared to last yearPercent What is the indebtedness of farmers compared to last yearPer cent Price of farm lands compared to price this time last yearPer cent Give amount of farm supplies purchased lu comparison with last yearPer cent Give the average cash price per lb for bacon in your county this yearCents Average time price for bacon payable November 1stCents Give the average cash price paid for corn per bushel in your county this yearCents Average time price for corn payable November 1stCents Give the date of the first killing frost What diseases if any have prevailed among stock this year 1374 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE GEORGIA REMARKS Under this head report the tests of seeds distributed by this department It is also designed to publish in the Crop Reports elicited information upon topics relative to agriculture and such questions as may be asked under this head will be answered by the Commissioner or else submitted to the farmers for their expression If you have made special tests of the merits of Spanish peanuts to bacco millo maize Kaffir corn or any new experiments in grass culture or stock growing please give short account of the same The remarks should be concise and plainly written so that time and labor of revision or rewriting may be saved Write the name of your county and the sub ject of your remarks in the place indicated and sign your name at the bottom of the page County Subject 1S8NEW SERIESCIRCULAR No 97 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Twelfth Annual Meeting OF THE Georgia State Horticultural Society HELD IN THE City of Dalton Aug 4 and 5 1887 CHARTERED July 14 1876 ORGANIZED August 16 1876 Reorganized Under New Charter Aug 1 1882 Published Jointly by the Society and the State Department of Agriculture ATLANTA GA Constitution Publishing Company 1887CONSTITUTION Article 1 The name of this Association shall be the Georgia State Horti cultural Society Article 2 Its object shall be the advancement of the sciences of Pomology Floriculture Arboriculture and Kitchen Vegetable growing Article 3 Its members shall consist of annual and honorary members who shall be elected by ballot at the annual or semiannual sessions of the Society The annual fee shall be 200 Article 4 The meetings shall be held at such times and places as may be designated by the Society and special meetings may be convened at any time on the call of the President Article 5 Its officers shall consist of a President one VicePresident from each Congressional District of the Slate a Secretary and a Treasurer The President Secretary and Treasurer to be elected by ballot at the regular annual meeting and to serve until their successors are elected and inaugurated The VicePresidents all to be elected by ballot at this meeting those representing districts having odd numbers to serve one year and those representing the dis tricts having even numbers to serve two yearsonehalf to be elected each year thereafter to serve two years Article 6 This Constitution may be amended at any annual meeting by a twothirds vote of the members present 129BYLAWS 1st The President shall preside at all meetings of the Society call meetings of the Executive Committee and under its direction have a general superin tendence of the affairs of the Society and direction of the expenditures of money He shall appoint all committees unless otherwise ordered 2nd In case of death or inability of the President his official duties shall devolve upon such one of the VicePresidents as may be elected by ballot 3rd The VicePresident shall by correspondence and personal intercourse with the fruit growers and horticulturists of the various counties of their respective districts endeavor to organize local societies They shall appoint four members of their Congressional District and with their aid prepare and forward to the Secretary before or at every annual meeting of the Society such reports as have immediate connection with the condition of fruits progress in their culture new seedling fruits or any other topic relating to horticultural progress in their respective districts These reports to be condensed by the Secretary for publication 4th The Secretary shall attend to all the correspondence of the Society and with the aid of a reporter keep a reeord of the transactions of the meetings and prepare these for publication subject to the approval of the President He shall file and preserve all papers and books belonging to the Society 5th The Treasurer shall receive and keep an accurate account of all moneys belonging to the Society disburse the same on the written order of the Presi dent whicb he shall retain and tile as vouchers He shall make an annual report to the Society of the receipts and disbursements which with the vouch ers shall be referred to a special auditing committee appointed at the annual meeting Before entering upon his duties he shall give bond to the Society in the sum of one thousand dollars for the faithful performance of his duties such bond to be approved by the Executive Committee tith The Executive Committee shall consist of the President VicePresi dents Secretary and Treasurer They shall subject to the direction of the Society manage all Us affairs 7th The following Standing Committees shall be appointed by the President immediately after his election or so soon thereafter as practicable A Standing Fruit Committee consisting of five members It shall be the duty of this committee to report annually on native and foreign fruits to ex amine and before the close of the session report on all new seedling fruits that may be exhibited and to make an ad interim report on those that were exhib 130GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 5 ited in an unripe condition at the meeting of the Society but had subsequently attained a state of maturity and such on other seedlings as may have been sub mitted to their inspection during the Societys vacation 8th A Standing Committee on Synonyms consisting of five members shall be appointed annually It shall be their duty to report annually to the Society at its regular meeting 9th Standing Committees to consist of two or more members each shall be appointed annually upon the following subjects viz Meteorology in its relation to Horticulture Entomology and Ornithology in their relations to Horticulture Ornamental and useful trees and plants Ornamental gardening Kitchen vegetables Wine making Packing and shipping fruits and vegetables 10th A Standing Committee or Transportation to consist of five members 11th Special Committees shall be appointed by the President immediately after the organization of the annual meeting on peaches on exhibition during the session on apples pears and miscellaneous fruits on grapes and wines on vegetables It shall be the duty of these committees to make a lull and careful report upon each and every individual collection on exhibition Noting their condition and special merits if any also any particular methods of cultivation by which improvements are made evident 12th No medal diploma or money shall be awarded by this Society as a testimonial of excellence for any fruit plant flower or vegetable offered for exhibition The verdict of the Special Committee shall be the highest com mendation of the Sociely 13th Vacancies occurring in committees shall be filled by the Chairman of each and in case of his death or inability to serve his place shall be supplied by the President of the Society 14th No person shall be a member or be allowed to participate in the deliberations of the Society who shall not have paid his fee in full before or at the beginning of the session of the Society 15th Honorary members shall consist of persons of distinguished merit in horticulture or natural science and non residents of Georgia They shall be entitled to all the privileges of the Society without the payment of annual fees except on questions of finance 16th These ByLaws ma be altered by a twothirds vote of the members present 131OFFICERS President P J BERCEMANS A MAugusta Ga VicePresidents 1st Congressional DistrictG W BENSONCumberland 2nd Congressional DistrictH H SAN FORDTbomasville 8rd Congressional DistrictS H RUMPHMarshallville 4th Congressional DistrictDr H H CARTLaGrange 5th Congressional DistrictDr SAMUEL HAPEHapeville 6th Congressional DistrictA J WILLIAMSTobler 7th Congressional DistrictCol GEO H WARINGCement 8th Congressional DistrictDr W L JONESAthens 9th Congressional DistrictGEO H JONESNorcross 10th Congressional DistrictDr J P H BROWNAugusta Secretary and Treasurer T L K1NSEY Savannah STANDING COMMITTEES ON NEW FRUITS L A BerckmansAugusta H H SanfordThomasville A J WilliamsTobler J D HustedPomona E R AnthonyMacon ON SYNONYMS Dr Samuel HapeHapeville David Milne Macon Dr E H GreeneHapeville W K NelsonAugusta W W ThompsonSmithville 1338 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA ON WINE John KellerVineyard J C BucherAtanta H MillerRome Geo H WaringCement P SmithPomona ON ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL TREES RJ ReddingUantB Mrs WE BrownPort Valley Geo H fillerRom W D BeatieAtlanta J D HusteaPomona ON PACKING AND SHIPPING FRUIT Samuel H Rumph Marshanvile H F EmeryAtlanta T J GnzzardHapeville J A EverettPort Vaey A H HansellThomasville ON METEOROLOGY Prof J S NewmanAuburn Ala Prof W L JonesAtheng ON ENTOMOLOGY aeon Prof J E WillettM ON VEGETABLES Mrs J W Bryanrillon Geo UhlAugusta V E LambertAtlanta C Deckner Atlanta G W BensonCumberland ON TRANSPORTATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Dr H H CaryLaGrange H P EmeryAtlanta W E BrownPort Valley Geo UhlAugusta L L VarnadoeThomasville 134LIST OF MEMBERS FOR 1887 Anderson C D JrPort Valley Ga Anderson Mrs C D JrFort Valley Ga Anthony E RMacon Ga Baehman T WTilton Ga Baldwin D FMarshallville Ga Beatie W DAtlanta Ga Benson G WCumberland Ga Berckmans P JAugusta Ga Berckmans P J A JrAugusta Ga Berckmans L AAugusta Ga Blaekshear T E Thomasville Ga Blair Z HJacksonville Pla Brokaw I JAnthony Pla Brown Dr J P HAugusta Ga Brown W EFort Valley Ga Brown Mrs W EFort Valley Ga Bryan Mrs J WDillon Ga Bryan HowardDillon Ga Bucher J CAtlanta Ga Burr S BFort Valley Ga Bunch J W Hamburg So Ca Baker Z WAltamonte Fla Beach A JPalatka Fla Cary Dr H HLaGrange Ga Gary Miss E C LaGrange Ga Cliett J H MPowersville Ga Cliett O APowersville Ga Croker S SPomona Ga Chastain J MThomasvlilie Ga Cesna W KJacksonville Fla Daniel Wilberforce Augusta Ga Deckner CAtlanta Ga Douglass L TMarshallville Ga Duncan A NClear Water Fla Dubois E MTallahassee Fla De Pass J PArcher Fla Edwards J AMarshallville Ga Emery H FAtlanta Ga 13510 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Emery Mrs L BAtlanta Ga Emery Mrs A H Atlanta Ga Everett J AFort Valley Ga Farrede J OMarshallville Ga Fleming Jas L Augusta Ga Ford CDAtlanta Ga Frederick D BMarshallville Ga Frederick J V Marshallville Ga Gibson T RAugusta Ga Gow Jas L Augusta Ga Greene Dr E HHapeville Ga Greene Mrs E HHapeville Ga Grizzard T JHapeville Ga Grizzard Mrs C EHapeville Ga Gray J M Fort Valley Ga Hansell Judge A HThomasville Ga Hape Dr SamuelHapeville Ga Hape Miss S HHapeville Ga Hape S HJrHapeville Ga Hopkins M HLouisville Ga Hays OSmithville Ga Heikes W FHuntsville Ala Hollinshead Mrs AFort Valley Ga Husted J DPomona Ga Husted Mrs J DPomona Ga Howell A BChattanooga Tenn Hodges J H Perry Ga HickabuyJGTobler Ga James C BFort Valley Ga James J BFort Valley Ga Johnson R PSmithville Ga Jones W CAugusta Ga Jones G TFort Valley Ga Jones F SMacon Gn Jones Geo HNorcross Ga Keller JohnVineyard Ga Keller Mrs M JVineyard Ga Kinsey T LSavannah Ga Kress J JAtlanta Ga Lambert V EAtlanta Ga Loflin James AAugusta Ga Lowe WmHapeville Ga Manville A HJacksonville Fla Maul GeoAugusta Ga 136GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 11 Maxwell IrvinAtlanta Ga McCutchen A RAtlanta Ga Mclnnis Dr NielAugusta Ga McKinnon K NThomasville Ga McKinnon R WThomasville Ga Miller G H Rome Ga Milne DavidMaeon Ga Moore B TMarshallville Ga Mott J HGoggansville Ga Mott Jas AOrlando Fla Murph J TMarshallville Ga Nelson W K Augusta Ga Niele E LThomasville Ga Niles COMarshallville Ga Newman J SAuburn Ala Norwood N LPerry Ga Oeller RVineyard Ga Parnell J H West Point Ga Park Dr J FLaGrange Ga Pelton C BLake Helen Fla Pharr J HMarshallville Ga Painter E ODeLand Fla Parker E AZebulon Ga Quarterman W FMarshallville Ga Redding K JAtlanta Ga Redding Miss BAtlanta Ga Reichert J DSmithville Ga Reed W FDrayton Island Fla Riee W HMarshallville Ga Ruinph E Marshallville Ga Humph S IIMarshallville Ga Rooks O PGardenia Fla Rumph S AMarshallville Ga Rumble E Goggansville Ga Sanford H HThomasville Ga Sawtelle J PMarshallville Ga Sessions H MAtlanta Ga Simmons J M JrPerry Ga Smith PPomona Ga Smith Mrs PPomona Ga Sperry M EMarshallville Ga Sperry Mrs M EMarshallville Ga Soar StephenBade City Fla Skinner L BDunedin Fla Shuey C FMacclenny Fla 13712 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Stafford J ABarnesville Ga Stames H NMarietta Ga Snow M FPort Valley Ga Steele W OJacksonville Fla Skellie T OFort Valley Ga Taber G LGlen St Mary Fla Thompson W WSmithville Ga Tison E HLakeland Fla Uhl GeoAugusta Ga VanDyke A GPomona Ga Varnadoe L LThomasville Ga Varnadoe L AThomasville Ga Walker J WAugusta Ga Walker CV Augusta Ga Waring Geo HCement Ga Wayinan S MPomona Ga Wayman Mrs S MPomona Ga Warren W EPowersville Ga Weed Rt Rev E GAugusta Ga Wells WSmithville Ga Web GH Milton Fla Wheatley H LAltamonte Fla Williams AJ Tobler Ga Williams Miss N LTobler Ga Williams W FWarm Springs Ga Williams Miss M Thomaston Ga Williams J C Thomaston Ga Williamson W J Goggansville Ga Willingham T HByron Ga Willett Prof J EMacon Ga HONORARY MEMBERS Wilder Hon MPBoston Mass Crayton Hon B FAnderson S C Furnass Hon R WBrownville Neb Gray Prof AsaCambridge Mass Green Mrs C CClayton Ala Meehan ThosPhiladelphia Pa Quin P TNewark N J Sims Col R MCharleston 8 C Thurber Prof GeoNew York Dr F M HexamerNew York Deceased 138PROCEEDINGS Dalton Ga August 4 1887 The Georgia Horticultultural Society met at the opera house at 315 P M President P J Berckmana called the society to order and prayer was offered by Eev J B Robins of Dalton Address of welcome delivered by Mr Jones of Dalton He regretted that the work of the society was so long deferred Its code of ethics was beautiful and safebeing founded on the golden rule and entitled to recognition by every one The County of Whitfield and the City of Dalton took pleasure in extending a warm welcome to the advocates of Horticulture and husbandry He extended the hospitality and welcome of his municipality freely and without stint offering a cheerful mountain Georgia welcome Response by Dr Samuel Hape of Fulton who with the inate delicacy and modesty forever characteristic of an Atlanta man returned the thanks of the body for the kindly welcome offered by the citizens of Dalton Dr Hape explained briefly the objects and principles of the Horticultural Society and contrasted the condition of some Western societies pampered and fostered by their respective States with that of our own struggling hard working body He concluded by inviting all citizens of Dalton to attend and participate in our meetings In the absence of Secretary Kinsey with the list of delegates it was found necessary to devote some time to perfecting the roll of those present One hundred and twelve members were pres ent the largest attendance of any previous meeting Fortytwo members being prevented from reaching Dalton by washouts on the railroads President Berckmans after the perfection of the roll delivered his annual address as follows 13914 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PRESIDENT BEBCKMANS ADDBESS Ladies and Oentlemen and Members of the Georgia State Horticultural Society When the founders of this Society deemed it proper to require an annual address from the presiding officer they fortunately did not specify the space it should occupy or the length of time needed for its delivery Availing myself of the latitude thus allowed I will beg your indulgence for the short period I must devote in bringing to your attention a few subjects intimately connected with the work of this Association It is with sincere pleasure that I truthfully say that the magnitude of the present assemblage is far beyond what we had looked forward to when a small body of your most publicspirited citizens met in Macon in 1876 for the purpose of organizing a Horticultural Society That small phalanx has increased to a legion and in common with those who conceived the necessity of this Society and whose presence heretoday is an evidence of the earnestness of their zeal in promoting its success I greet yon one and all and congratulate you upon this opportunity which brings us together again This Society has now attained such numerical strength that it becomes more than ever the duty of every member to fully understand that unity of action must govern its work and this cannot be expected except from free and disin terested discussions One of the aims of this organization is to disseminate true knowledge of the objects within its scope but its special mission is to expose all fraudulent schemes and untenable theories and to rebuke unworthy aims which may tend to injure horticultural progress and lead astray beginners who look upon this Society as a safe guide and upon whose teachings they faithfully stake their money and labor at the inception of their venture in fruit growing Many of you come here today with the anticipation of gathering such knowledge as can best be obtained from the experience of our successful horti culturists Should you leave this reunion imbued with false theories as gleaned from its discussions and subsequently fail in an enterprise new to you and from which you anticipated pecuniary as well as pleasurable results you would justly charge this Society with the disasters resulting from following its teachings and the accusation would be well founded Perhaps no country in the world can lay claim to a larger number of periodi cals devoted to Horticulture and there is therefore no scarcity of choice or means of enlightening every one Still with all the opportunities of acquiring information from reliable sources the number of dupes made by itinerant and unreliable persons does not appear to diminish Let me therefore respectfully charge you to so shape your discussions that the result may safely be published without fear of contradiction DUTIES OF OFFICERS Section 3 of the ByLaws of the Society defines the duties of the Vice 140GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 15 Presidents and I respectfully call the attention of those officers to that para graph which reads as follows They shall hy correspondence and personal intercourse with the fruit growers and horticulturists of the various counties of their various districts endeavor to organize local societies etc At the second annual meeting in 1877 a number of local societies were re ported as organized in several sections of the State but with few exceptions the annual reports fail to show that any additional societies have come into existence or that those then existing are kept still alive It is through the lsbors of local societies however small in membership that horticultural progress can best be promoted and I trust that at our next meeting we may record the names of many such organizations PREMIUMS AT EXHIBITIONS When the new Constitution and ByLaws were adopted in 1882 under which ths Society is now regulated the following clause was inserted viz No medal diploma or money shall be awarded by this Society as a testi monial of excellence for any fruit plant flower or vegetable offered for exhibition The verdict of the special committees shall be the highest commendation of this Society The policy of this clause was questioned by several of the leading horticul tural publications of the North and East and they watched the results with considerable attention as they prophesied that our exhibitions would fall off in material and that the interest in them would decrease from the fact that com petition was not encouraged by some tangible testimonial The increasing material as placed annually upon our tables shows that the men and women composing the membership of the Georgia State Horticultural Society have a far greater ambition in view when freely and lavishly offering the best products of their orchards and gardens for exhibition than the mere gratification of winning a silver cup or a small money premium To their credit be it said that their aim is far nobler and higher and that they thoroughly understand that the Society is not organized for the personal benefit of any private indi vidual or interest but for the promoting of the best products of the earth the advancement of our agricultural education and the elevation of its social and moral standing You have by acting up to this clause of your ByLaws avoided the many and often acrimonious recriminations jealousies and dissatisfaction which tall to the lot of many societies where the exhibitors bring their products solely with the expectation of the gain of a small pecuniary reward You exhibit the result of your skill in Horticulture not only with the proud satisfaction of being justly numbered among the adepts in this pursuit but because by so doing you may teach others and by thus discriminating the best methods of cultivation the quality and quantity of our products are increased The wisdom of this rule is so apparent and forms one of the greatest ele ments of strength of your Society that I must caution you to retain it unmod ified by all means 1411 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA INCREASE IN CITY AND RURAL POPULATION AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON HORTI CULTURAL PRODUCTS Political economists look with well founded concern upon the rapid and unequal growth of our cities as compared with the gradual increase of the rural population In 1790 onethirtieth of the population of the United States lived in cities in 1880 nearly onefourth From 1790 to 1880 the whole population increased twelvefold the city population eightysix fold From 1830 to 1880 the whole population increased a little less than four fold the city population thirteen fold Considering the numerical proportion of the population of the last half century as compared with that of the period immediately preceding it we cannot help regarding this increase as phenomenal This unequal increase is full of significance and should not be lost sight of by our rural population because they must eventually bear the burden of the evils which sooner or later must result from the unruly elements found in large cities unless they are prepared to resist them It is true that the rapid increase in the population of our cities is not due so much to the drafts made upon our rural sections as to foreign immigration but it is with sincere regret that we see the best elements of the younger gen eration of our agricultural classes filling a large quota in this increase So soon as one of our young men goes through a collegiate course he seems to be lost to agricultural pursuits he aspires no longer to follow the life of his pre vious years but leaves the parental farm for a mercantile or professional career oftener to meet disaster and hardships than an assured and comfortable livelihood had he remained loyal to the pursuits of his fathers and this with less exertions than are required from the average city avocations I entertain a profound respect for the honest merchant or professional man without which no wellregulated community could be possible yet does not the modest tiller of the soil whose labors make such professions possible merit even a larger share of our consideration If the producer of the sustaining elements of life is the pivot upon which all other professions turn and the sourse from which the welfare and power of a nation depends is he not entitled to the first rank among our citizens and a similar place in the councils of this commonwealth But if you allow your sons and especially your daughters to be allured from the farm by the glitter of a city life are you not sometimes a little to blame for this Have you provided your home with sufficient attractions to make the life of the country boy or girl have its full measure of joy and content ment instead of all work and no play Have you shown them by your ex ample that a better interest can be derived from capital invested in a judici ously managed farm than from a similar amount put in bank or manufactur ing stock and that no home and pursuit is more peaceful more free from men tal cares and conducive to health and morality than that of a progressive farmer and fruit grower If all these possibilities have been practically demonstrated to them and they then elect a city life instead your duty has been fulfilled in endeavoring 142GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 17 to stem the current which drains the best resources from our future agricul tural progress and wealth I would rejoice to see even a larger attendance at our discussions of the young men and young women who ere long must take our places as well as shoulder our responsibilities as heads of families that they might become acquainted with the principles of Horticulture as practically demonstrated by the fruits and flowers which are displayed before them and thus learn lessons which would increase their knowledge and encourage whatever latent fondness they might entertain for rural pursuits and in future bring to them additional pleasures comforts and revenue This subject relating to the rapid and disproportionate increase of the pop ulation of our cities is intimately connected with the increase in our Horticul tural products and the utilization of surplus fruit This latter topic has been brought to your notice at many of our past sessions and although not satislac torily solved the problem seems however less intricate than formerly The majority of the inhabitants of large cities do not purchase the higher grades of Southern fruits but it is a feature of the New York and probably the same in the Philadelphia and Boston markets that the bulk of the fruit ship ped there by Southern growers is first sold to the street fruit venders whose customers do not all belong to the upper classes by any means but who with their penny and nickel purchases form the largest portion of consumers With the increasing demand for fruits by the middle classes of our cities the aid of the many drying or evaporating machines and canning establishments there should be but slight apprehension for an overproduction of realy good fruit An inferior article may always be classed as an overproduction if intended for market purposes Scan the market reports for the past six or eight years and notwithstanding that the supply has increased rapidly the demand has kept pace and prices do not today vary materially from those or eight years ago FLORICULTURE But there is one class of horticultural products which has kept in the lead in this increase as compared with the increase of the population and that is the floral products now so conspicuously abundant in all our cities A few years ago the total amount of money spent in the State of Georgia for floral decor ations would not have supported one modest tradesman Today there is scarcely one of our towns but numbers a professional florist among its inhabi tants while New York and Boston draw some of their products from faroff Florida The increased facilities afforded our people by the rapid transit schedules of our railroads have opened a new field of production and Georgia raised cut flowers are being sent successfully to supply the demand of North ern markets PUBLIC PARKS There is still another feature of urban growth upon which Horticulture has a marked influence and which municipal authorities of rapidly growing cities 14318 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA are happily becoming impressed with and this consists in the beneficial results which tastefully laid out public parks have upon the health and moral improve ment of the people Where an opportunity is afforded the laboring man and women of spending a few hours occasionally among trees and flowers there arises in them a sensation of pleasure ana rest which the arduous and confining nature of their labor demands and which is unfortunately not accessible to the average cit workman and the want of which creates a feeling of unrest and a tendency for a recreation often disturbing and detrimental to the communi ty The larger cities are making strenuous efforts to provide means for pleas urable recreation to that class of their inhabitants which is unable to provide this for themselves our younger cities should provide in time accessible and sufficient tracts of land for the laying out of public parks before the scarcity or the high price of suitable lands make these indispensable adjuncts to all well regulated municipalities impossible No better help can be extended fo the temperance cause than abundant provision for popular recreation amid sur roundings where art combined with nature tends to give real and exalted pleasure POLITICS AND HORTICULTURE While this Society eschews political subjects from its discussions or princi ples so far as advancing personal interests still we do not lose sight of the fact that in all governments existing by the people every interest not represented must and always will suffer We therefore as the representatives of a pro ducing interest which is recognized among the factors of the States progress deem it our duty to so organize ourselves that we can protect this industry by uniting our efforts in securing the enactment of such laws as will bring about the desired ends We are not politicians but should not be afraid to let our voice be heard in resisting the selection of men who in becoming candidates for the Legislature are animated with personal or sectional preferences and who ignore that what benefits the whole State benefits every one of its citizens A PERIOD OF BOOMS It is said of the present period that it is one of booms We are safe in say ing that at no time in the worlds history has there been witnessed such pro gress in developing its industrial and mineral resources and engineering feats which bring all sections ol the globe nearer together This boom may not as yet have reached ail our agricultural classes but there is no reason why it should not soon appear if we lend our efforts to the common good by creating or producing something that will go to make up the total out of which booms are made When every pursuit is advancing in progress and production our own should keep pace with that of all others as in the end everything depends upon pro gressive agriculture and fruitgrowing AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION It is an unrefutable fact that none ol the results of legislation are more 144GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 19 lasting in moral good than those which tend to deepen in the public mind the pride of nationality as well as locality The tendency of the highest educational institutions of our State is towards the teaching of sciences more intimately connected with the liberal professions rather than those relating to the pursuit of agriculture Our body politic could not it is true long exist without lawyers clergymen medical practition ers bankers civil engineers or men skilled in the various pursuits of manu facturing but if these arts and sciences have their use as well as their reward the greatest art after all is that of living and the utmost science that of living happily All the aid given by our State towards public education is applied to the advancement of the arts and sciences whose pursuits are continually draw ing from the material which should remain upon the farm If our Agricultural Colleges as now existing and conducted are a mere parody of their names does this not result somewhat from our agriculturists themselves in notuniting their efforts to sustain them in the State councils by providing adequate appropria tion as well as personal support Our State University has lately been the subject of considerable criticism which may be just in some respects but not so as a whole Give the State University the whole of the appropriation which is now divided with its several branch colleges the consequence being that neither receives a sufficient amount to become efficient and the causes for com plaint now existing will be removed and justice done to that institution which the farmers and fruitgrowers of the State should help to raise to the high posi tion which it deserves Had the men of a generation now in the sere and yellow leaf been enabled when young to receive a proper training from State Agricultural Schools such as other States had equipped there would not have beer any necessity lor an InterState Convention of Agriculturists called to devise means to remedy the causes now depressing their pursuits The great want under which this coun try suffers is an absence of the means of giving an agiicultural training to our boys in our schools Special studies should be added to their present curricu lum or substituted tor a few which can be dispensed with without detriment to a judicious course of instruction This would prepare the boys for the time when the doors of a thoroughly equipped State College of Agriculture would be open for them Another imperative need is the establishment by the State of one or more k rimit farms and stations This Society has cooperated with the State Agiicultural Society in most earnest endeavors to have such institutions perfected but so far we are no nearer seeing our plan succeed than we were years ago when the first official petition was made to our Legislature If the present General Assembly fails to make suitable appropriations for at least one farm and station let us not give up the fight but endeavor to reach success in future So long as these oppor tunities for educating our agriculturists are delayed so long may the country look for a depressed condition of its agriculture 14520 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Assaidbeforeanation may point with pride to its preeminence in artsseiences manufactures or mineral wealth but each section thereof takes a local pride in the success of the products peculiar to itself each of which go towards making the national wealth and power It we study the causes which in certain coun tries have brought these products to such magnitude and perfection we find that every effort has been made by their governments for their encouragement either by establishing special schools bearing directly upon these products or by the offer of liberal State aid to individual or district organizations where such aid is likely to promote the public interest and at the same time add to the nations power Some of the Western and Northern States whose climates are more uneon nial than ours and whose opportunities for producing the great variety of sta ple agricultural products which we have within our Commonwealth are much inferior are nevertheless more progressive and the financial condition of their rural population is more substantial The causes are in the main that State aid has been given by providing a free and scientific agricultural education for their young men and by liberal appropriations to their State Agricultural and Horticultural Societies for the encouragement of the special products of their States The immediate removal of the present agricultural depression is not likely to happen but we may hasten this result by bringing about such a change in the popular idea of education and in the stereotyped course of instruction of our Public Schools as will induce the larger portion of our younger generation to remain farmers and not to become professional men RAILROADS AND EXPRESS COMPANIES I am happy to bring to your attention the liberality of the railroads of Geor gia who have recognized the importance of our Society and its influence upon the increasing production and material progress of the State and have enabled us to arrive at our present numerical strength and usefulness To the liberality of the railroads and the Southern Express Company are we today indebted for this the largest assemblage of fruitgrowers horticulturists and cultured women that has ever met in this State under similar auspices May I not voice the sentiments of the Georgia State Horticultural Society in acknowledging to these corporations our indebtedness for their aid and express the hope that their reward will be assured by a rapidly increasing amount of material for trantportaiion which will result from the work of this session NECROLOGY I feel profoundly grateful that I am spared the painful duty to record the loss of any of our active members since the last session of this Society but the greatest American pomologist and the first honorary member which headed our list when our organization came into existence is no more Marshall Pinckney Wilder whose name is familiar to every fruitgrower and horticul turist of this as well as foreign countries died at Dorchester Boston Mass on 146GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 21 December 16 1886 at the age of 88 years His life was truly a noble one As a merchant he was a model of integrity as a statesmon his record stands as his own monument but as a skilled pomologist the world best knows him Born on a farm he never forsook the love for rural pursuits to which his long life was devoted The great aim of his heart was to elevate humanity through the cultivation of fruits and flowers as the best and most refined educational agents within our reach From his continued efforts much of the present high standard of the horticulture of Massachusetts and especially of its progress are due Realizing that from a systematic agricultural education and thorough knowledge of fruit culture a country could best secure wealth and influence the earnest work of his long life was unceasingly given to the promoting of these objects and through his efforts were established or enlarged many of the agricultural educational institutions of his State To him American Pomology owes the lustre whose radiance is reflected throughout our landthe source from which untold wealth has flowed As the first and lifelong President of the American Pomological Society his name will always be associated with all that is good elevating and noble in the pursuit we follow His many letters commendatory of the work of our Society bear witness of his appreciation and his solicitude for its progress As years press on our own obituaries will be recorded one by one by our surviving friends and associates May they find in our work much to com mend and little to criticise but may we have so performed our task that there shall remain some evidence of having added our mite to the welfare and hap piness of others and we shall not have lived in vain Dr H H Cary of LaGrange offered the following resolution Resolved That the City Authorities of Dalton be and they are hereby invited to seats in this Convention and that the citizens generally and the ladies par ticularly be invited to attend our meetings and that every citizen is invited to examine the display on exhibition in the hall up stairs opposite the National Hotel Unanimously adopted Dr Cary moved that the ByLaws be changed so as to permit the President to appoint one or more additional members on each standing committee Adopted Mr H M Sessions of Atlanta was introduced and read an essay on Grasses and Their Eelation to Horticulture and Agri culture The President announced Committees on Exhibits as follows On PeachesDr H H Cary LaGrange J D Husted Vineyard T 1 Grizzard Hapeville James Mott Orlando Pla O Hayes Smithville On Apples Pears and MiscellaneousA H Manville Jacksonville Fla H 14722 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORG1A W Heikes Huntsville Ala A J Williams Tobler Ga James L Fleming Augusta J A Everett Fort Valley On Grapes and WinesMrs J W Bryan Dillon G W Miller Rome Ga I J Brokaw Anthony Pla H M Sessions Atlanta W K Nelson Augusta On VegetablesCharles Deckner Atlanta George Uhl Augusta J W Bunch Hamburg S C Mrs W E Brown Fort Valley T Blackshear Thomasville The President requested any one wishing to attend the twenty first session of the American Pomological Society a Boston 14thr 15th and 16th of September next to hand their names to the Secre tary and receive credentials On motion the catalogue was taken up for discussion in mountain region APPLES Ben DavisMr Waring Excellent should be double starred Mr Bunch Does well near Hamburg S C Mr Humph reports its success at Marshallville Ordered double starred for mountain region Carters BlueMr Brokaw ot Anthony Fla asked how far South this thrived Mr Waring reported it as a failure in mountain region Discussion disclosed its success in middle region HomonyMv Waring would double star for mountain region So ordered Jewetts BestMr Waring It deserves one star for mountain region No apple of its season does better One star ordered for mountain region Never FailsMr Waring A good and late keeper in mountain region HornMr E E Anthony All that can be desired on sandy soils near Macon Oconee GreeningDr Cary Does not do well for me in Troup county Shockley Dr H H Cary Some years ago while not a good apple was the best kind of keeper Afterward seemed especially lable to attack of fnngus fruit dropped and foliage withered 148GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 23 This year however it fruits beautifully and he tenders an ample apology to the Shockley Webbs WinterDr Hape All specimens I have seen were fine and good keepers Mitchells CiderMr Sanford It holds its own in coast region JonesPresident Berckmans Dont think it worth catalogu ing Eipens in June and is small of poor qualityundesirable Moved by Dr Cary to strike from the list Carried Several inquiries were made regarding Fameuse No one seemed to know much about it Mr Berckmans We have never succeeded with it as it drops in August Mr Cliett stated that his Mangums were 13 years old and had never borne a crop Mr Mott Fla fruited Yellow Transparent in Arkansas Thinks it will do well in Georgia and Florida Wants it on list for trial Mr Berckmans It comes highly recommended and might do well but like the White Transparent is a slow grower though prolific bearer Added to the list as promising well and for trial Mr Waring wants Tetofski a dwarf growing Russian rein stated on list Most delicious in mountain region Mr Mott Grows too slowly for me in Arkansas Mr Waring I value it because it is of dwarf growth Or dered one Star for mountains Mr Bachman Does any one know about Gass Have fruited it well in Whitfield Is generally known as Gass Seedling The President The word Seedling is superfluous To sim plify our nomenclature it was dropped some years since Adjourned to 8 p m August 4th 8 p m The Society met at the Opera House President Berckmans in the chair Upon motion of VicePresident Cary Master Howard Bryan thirteen years old the youngest member of the Society was tendered a seat upon the rostrum Applause 14924 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PEACHES AlexanderG H Waring Wants two Stars for mountains Has not rotted with me Mr Husted Eotted for three years Mr Wayman Wants one Star stricken from middle region In Spalding many Alexanders are being destroyed Mr Humph As good an early peach as we can get Mr Williams Think it is as good as any peach ripening at the same time No really good peach can be raised that early Pit cannot ripen It ought to be retained Did well with me this year Mr Brown Mr Husted Griffin Dr Gary Entire crop rotted last year Frostkilled this year Mr Sessions Has rotted with me badly Mr Waring insists on two Stars for mountain region Ordered Eecord stands Wants two Stars for mountains Or I endorse all Mr Runiph said Thirty to forty acres are being destroyed near G H Wari ing Columbia dered FruitlandG II Waring wants two stars for mountains Or dered HalesG H Waring Rots badly Wants one star for off for mountains Ordered Mr Thompson wants one star from middle region Ordered HoneyThe President enquired what would be done in regard to classifying North Florida Mr Manville suggested it be classed with Georgia coast Mr Mott Think Florida ought to have no more voice in regard to what is suited for Georgia than the latter has to say what is suited to Florida Dr Hape suggested that a separate discussion be entered into in regard to Florida Fruit The President stated that this would be done later on Indian Blood ClingG H Waring wants two stars for mountains Ordered LaGrangePresident Who cultivates it any longer Mr Rumph I cultivate it and want it retained 150GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 25 Late RareripeMr Rumph I have not found it profitable and do not think it worth retaining We have many good peaches besides ripe at that season Mountain RoseG H Waring Blooms too early Utter failure Hasnt borne for ten years Moved to strike for moun tains Ordered Peen ToDr Gary Would like to know how far down the peninsula of Florida it is successfully cultivated Hasnt done well for me near Lake Worth in Okeechobbee region Blooms about Xmasalmost evergreen Mr Manville I have an orchard in Polk county Does well Mr Mott of Orlando Have inquired in counties as far South as Orlando Does well but for premature blossoming Evidently tropical in character Buds abortive owing to leaves coming contemporaneously with blossoms Have seen them blossom in November Stops a while and blooms again at Xmas and is over by January There is a peachthe Bidwella seedling of Peen To which promises better than parent is a round peach Peen To bears irregularly but the habit of blooming out of sea son seems lost in Bidwell to a certain extent showing a tenden cy to wait till the natural spring before blooming Dr Cary The frost doesnt hurt near Lake Worth It is pre mature blooming that does it Mr Mott Sometimes soil is not suited to peach growth and it may be the character of the soil that effects the bearing qualities Our shipments are not altogether satisfactory We fell into the hands of the Philistines but I think that peaches some varieties can be successfully raised in Florida Mr Manville We are indebted to Georgia for Peen To and Honey After that we have no later peaches that are very satis factory Have known of one crop of Peen To marketed at 1200 per bushel The Pallas which is also successful in Florida orig inated in upper Georgia APRICOTS Dr Hape Has the Apricot ever been cultivated in Florida successfully 15126 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Mr Mott Thats what I want to know too Im a little at sea myself I have seen an apricot in two places budded on a wild plum that has fruited two seasons Am inclined to think apricots can be found to do well in Florida Mr Brokaw In Ocala there is a tree bearing fine fruit seems to be doing well PECANS Mr Eumph Have never fruited them but have fine growing trees in Houston Mr Skellie Have fine trees in Macon county Mr Waring Are doing well in Bartow and as high up as Lookout Mountain They did so well for Dr Jones of Burke he had to cut them down on account of squirrels injuring the shingle roof of buildings near the trees Mr Bach man Mr Eoff of Calhoun says they do well with him Mr Williams This industry ought to be encouraged We should have trees along every roadside The President The difficulty has been heretofore that we have given up the cultivation of pecans to Texas and Louisiana I know a man in Louisiana who ranks his crop of pecans as more profitable than his cotton crop Our pecans may not likely bring the extraordinary prices received by Louisiana growers but they are most successfully grown in the middle region Mr Paul Pace a New Orleans fruit dealer paid 35 per barrel in 1883 for pecans grown at Pass Christian and even a higher price was realized by a Tensas parish grower Judge Hansell Have seen pecans in Thomas Lowndes Brooks and Berrien doing well especially one in Berrien said to yield forty bushels at 400 per bushel one in Thomasville bearing small nuts but there is one lower down the paper shell that is choicer Some men in Southern Georgia have as many as 500 trees apiece Mr Husted Have attempted crown grafting pecans on young hickories in Spalding with some success so far have tried only two years It is essential in all crown grafting to keep crown thoroughly moist This is best accomplished by mounding with earth 152GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 27 Mr Brown My idea is to raise seedling trees from the finest Texas nuts They will bear in seven years Mr Waring Move one star for mountain region Ordered Also two stars for coast Ordered MADE1EA OE ENGLISH WALNUTS The President There are as many forms of this nut as of pecans and of as diverse qualities Mr Thompson Have seen two kinds in Eome Judge Hansell Is this nut productive I have seen many trees of late that bore light crops of fruit The President Some trees near Augusta bear well especially the early Bearing This bears as early as three years from seed but not a full crop before seven years or longer Forty year old trees in Carolina bear abundantly The Tree Girdler Oneid eres Cingulatus injures our walnuts badly It is its only enemy Dr Hape t attacks pecans too Dr Cary Also hickory nuts Col Waring Wants one star for mountains Ordered JAPAN CHESTNUT The President It is of recent introduction and does not repro duce identically from seed only sure way of propagating is by grafting Its yield is phenomenal know of seven and eight year trees in New Jersey producing one bushel each quality good large and fine and will sell readily I think they will do well as I have trees three years old producing fruit Dr Hape The native chestnut is rapidly dying outnot blight but apparently a gradual decay taking three years to kill the tree sometimes the extremities dying out Mr Deckner It is a borer attacking the root The President Appropos of the Japan chestnut I would like to read a communication received some time since from Washing ton enclosing a letter from Japan touching this subject U S Department of Agriculture Division of Pomology Washington D C June 29 1887 P J Berckmans Pres Qa Stale Horticultural Society With regard to the Kelsey Japan plum I am sorry to know that your hopes of a crop were blighted by the frost of last March There is 15328 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA no use to say to an old veteran like you that there is a good crop coming for the patient I have just learned that some one is playing a sharp game by introducing from Japan certain fruits as new that were sent over there by Ellwanger Barry They give new names and flattering accounts of them I will let the public know as soon as I find out enough I am getting this Division into organized shape now and hope to make it useful to the fruitgrowers of the country Very respectfully H E VanDeman Chief of Division of Pomology CORRESPONDENCE Kobe Japan June 1st 1887 Horticultural Art Journal Tours of April 23d to hand accompanied with the Journals Your request about Japan plum sketches and descriptions has been received by me I am at present in the interior of Japan where my mail was sent me On my return to Yokohama I will have correct sketches painted of all and any good Native plums and forward them to you The greatest confusion exists among American nurserymen concerning the Japan plums The cause of this is simply that about fifteen years ago the Japanese government decided to colonize the island of Yessoformed the Kaita Kushior department of agriculture to introduce foreign fruits grains etc Mr Louis Bohmerthe only reliable horticulturist at present in Japanwas at that time sent out from New York to take charge of the branch of horticulture recommended by Ell wanger Barry Rochester N Y and from that firm most of the fruit trees planted in Tokyo and on the island of Yesso were obtained These in course of time bore fruitand have lately within the last four or five years been exported again as Native plums apricots and peaches from Japan by ignorant parties thereby causing the existing confusion and mistakes Japanese pears and peaches are not Jit to be eaten in a raw state The pear makes excellent stock for grafting being extremely vigorous and totally free from blight and disease The seed is extremely difficult to obtain as no canneries exist in Japan and the seed has to be obtained in small quantities here and there There are five or six varieties of plums here natives which are worth export ing and of which we will send you correct sketches and descriptions About Japanese persimmons allow me to state that a variety of names exists in America for them which are not Japanese Next mail will send you sketches of plums which we hope you will print in your journal Yours truly II a Berger Co On motion the foregoing communications were ordered spread upon the minutes On motion of Mr Brown the Society stood adjourned until 830 a m Friday 154GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS SECOND DAY 29 Dalton Ga August 5 1887 The second days session was opened with prayer by the Eev Mr Rowland President Berckmans in the chair Dr Samuel Hape of Atlanta opened the proceedings by an admirable essay on Seedling and Budded Peaches BUDDED AND SEEDLING PEACH TREES Much has been said and quite a good deal written recently on the relative merits of budded and seedling peaches both as to their bearing qualities power to resist frost and as regards their longevity I will premise by stating that so far as my own experience is concerned I am unable to give in detail statis tics compiled irom long years of observation based upon careful and pains taking experiments nor do I believe such a thing has ever been done if so I have neither heard nor read of it It is somewhat surprising therefore that men of intelligence and with some pretensions even to scientific attainments should jump at conclusions before they are reached legitimately and without conducting a single fair experiment or making an honest test be ready to both preach and write in favor of planting seedling peaches instead of budded varieties Of course much bosh is written on all subjects in which mankind are interested So long however as these theorists write on such interesting subjects as whether the planets are inhabited or not or that the earth is now just exactly 98562 years old which can be clearly proven etc no one is in jured But when men undertake to influence others in the legitimate pursuit of a calling or business and mislead them thereby entailing loss of capital as well as precious time ending in disappointment and possibly disaster they shonld be sure they are right before they go ahead When this subject first suggested itself to the writer a number of letters were addressed to prominent fruit growers over different portions of the United States In no single instance have these gentlemen given it as their opinion that other things being equal seedling peach trees were hardier or longer lived than the budded trees None have reported any experiments with a view to thoroughly testing the subject A scientific honest and experienced cultivator Mr T V Munson of Deni son Texas says The peach is so short lived anyway and easily influenced by weather changes soil and cultivation that I rather think the weakness from budded trees comes from improper treatment and not from being budded Variety has much to do with the subject Two trees equally vigorous one bearing small fruit merely skin and seed the other large sweet fruit and give them equal treatment the tree with largest and most abundant fruit is apt to 15530 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA succumb flrst The varieties budded are those which bear the most and finest fruit For this reason then nature would demand from the soil a larger sup ply of the elements necessary to produce such fruit This then not being contributed annually by the average cultivator the soil would in a few years become impoverished and the tree die from neglect and starvation A seed ling with small late slowgrowing fruit exhausting the soil less would possi bly survive a tree which produced large sweet juicy early and rapidly growing fruit This would seem reasonable as well as naturalboth trees being seedlings Another eminent horticulturist known all over the United States the Hon T T Lyon president of the Michigan Horticultural Society writes I have known peach trees of budded varieties to prove fully as healthy productive and longlived as seedlings similarly treated Improve ment of quality by those who have studied the subject is generally conceded to be more or less at the expense of vigor and soundness of wood growth If two treesone a seedling and the other budded but otherwise equalwere steadily subjected to parallel or equivalent treatment during their entire exist ence I doubt if the difference would be noticeable And if the experiment were made upon plantations of both I fancy that the only difference observa ble would be due to what of woodproducing capacity may have been absorbed in the amelioration of the fruit In this particular nature is sure to exact her compensation Another veteran nurseryman aud fruit grower noted for his honest square methods and varied experience Mr John Saul of Washington C writes The way I have heard the hardiness of seedling and budded peaches usually discussed was by pointing to an accidental seedling the survival of many the fittest and some ordinary bearing tree This is not the way to arrive at correct conclusions A correct method would be to take the seed from a healthy tree of say Early York plant it and from this tree take buds and insert in vigorous healthy stocks not diseased of which you know its pedi greeSmock for instance The tree budded on this stock will in my opinion be longer lived and hardier than the seedling from the fact of having a vig orous healthy stock to carry it President Berckmans says that during an experience of thirty years both as a nurseryman and fruit grower he has detected no perceptible difference between seedling and budded peaches Still another prominent fruit grower perhaps the largest in Georgia writes me that he does not find seedlings resist the frost any better nor are they hardier than budded trees Mr Samuel H Rumph another progressive observing and successful fruit grower corroborates the experience of President Berckmans and fully sustains the position taken in the beginning of this paper Thus it would seem that the evidence from competent observers unbiased and unprejudiced men who would not under any circumstances lend their names to a cause however popular unless warranted and upheld by undoubted 156GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 81 as to the general superiority facts does not warrant this oftrepeated assertion of seedling trees My own experience with a single early seedling tree as early as Alexander or any of that type Hapes Seedling has proven that no perceptible differ ence existed between the tree named and all of those early varieties now known by so many names but yet with no distinctive difference as to time of ripening quality etc This tree has proven no exception to the rule and shows no more power to resist frost than those budded from the parent tree To test this question satisfactorily would require some painstaking experi ments Yet nothing more than ordinary care and time would be required Fifty or more seedling trees can be taken as a starting point At one year of age or as soon as the budding season opens take buds from onehalf the trees and bud the other half with them so as to have 25 seedling trees and 25 of the 50 budded trees budded from the 25 loft standing in alternate rows A record kept of the orchard If budding is injurious a much greater number of the unbudded trees should be still useful when the budded trees would be dead or declining Such a test would be impartial if soil and eultvation were same Or still another experiment might be made by budding onehalf of a tree with its own wood and ascertain if the budded half was less productive or was unable to withstand cold and frost to a less degree than the unbud ded half In the absence therefore of tests named and from simply hearing a few wiseacres proclaim their opinions I should certainly affirm my own doc trine on this point as an agnostic In other words the assertion that the seedlings are hardier more productive or longerlived than the budded trees has not been proven The limits of this paper will not permit the discussion of tile many advan tages that budded trees possess over seedlings These are really too apparent tc need any argument The fact that the peach does not so far as varieties are concerned reproduce itself is a sufficient reason alone Cor the intelligent cultivator who proposes to make a business of fruit culture to plant only budded trees Of course it may be said that Nurserymen are largely inter ested in keeping up budded stock and advocating the planting of budded and grafted fruits This is true from the fact that they more than any other class watch with care and interest the introduction of all new meritorious fruits They carefully propagate these varieties in order that they may sell to their patrons the precise and exact tree which will produi t this new fruit What would be tin result if the seeds were planted of tiesi new peaches Confu sion and disappointment of course So far as pecuniary benefits are concern ed the Nurseryman would make more money out of seedling trees at onehalf now charged for budded stock It is not my purpose or design in this paper either to ridicule or condemn those who are advocating the planting of seedling trees but I do ask of them most respectfully and courteously to give us some proofs based upon carefully made ana well tested experiments before they undertake to influence a com 15732 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA munity by random remarks and mere assertions backed up by no substantial facts nor actual tests The President Was struck last night by what was said regarding disadvantage of early blooming This was alleged as resulting from budding fruit trees but I think this is incorrect and not proven Mr Sanford Few peaches reproduce identically by seed and that operates to prevent one of seeding as means of propagation But in my part of Georgia experiences tends to favor seedlings as against budded trees I would like Dr Hape to state how nursery men can make more money on seedling trees by onehalf than on budded if they only came true to name Dr Hape Beoause there would be less work entailed he would save the labor of buddine Only predicated that statement on the condition that the nurseryman could sell all the seedlings he raised Would ask Mr Sanford if they have ever tried in his beit budded varieties of the seedlings that do well with him Mr Sanford They do not do well with us but I do not live in the true peach bolt Seedlings do better with me Mr Thompson Seedlings with us do better but the fruit is not so reliable as budded varieties The President In other words this discussion seems to show that the better the fruit the more exhaustive to the soil and inversely and that while seedlings are the main reliance for our Thomas county growers they are undesirable for commercial orch ards in the middle and other sections of the State Mr Williams The better the fruit the more exhausting to the soil and there is also something in the acclimatization in Mr San fords case It is a question of difference in variety after all Judge Hansell The reason assigned for failure of budded trees will not hold for we do not succeed in fruiting budded trees at all while seedlings give us good results Sometimes common piney woods varieties are raised by people in the country Have always understood that well ripened fruit in perfect condition would reproduce itself perfectly by the seed Is this true Mr Thompson Several years ago we had few varieties and identical reproduction was simpler Bees prevent that now by mixing 158GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 33 The President Can easily answer Judge Hansells questions Have known growers who planted the whole peach but it does not hold any more than does the necessity for planting a whole watermelon to secure the best results It is not necessary to plant the whole envelope if the kernel is well ripened I have on an orchard in Floyd county varieties planted on the pedigree line seeds removed from envelopes when planted Good stand obtained and when fruited some did well others poorly the difference appeared arbitrary You have some strains that reproduce identically others are eccentric and refuse to yield to what is expected The grafted fruit in the Floyd orchard however has done well and is satisfactory Dr Hape I think the impression regarding planting the whole peach originated from the fact that germination was more certain on account of excess of moisture obtained The popular preju dice to budded and grafted fruit is unjust and erroneous and careful experiments should be made to determine their relative merits Judge Hansell We cant raise a budded peach in our section We are satisfied on that point It may be local influence but it is the fact nevertheless and we are driven back from necessity to seedlings Dr Hape Were you to bud one of your finest seedlings in Thomas you would probably find it does as well as the seedlings Dr Greene I suggested the appointment of a committee to test this matter thoroughly and scientifically The President This is not a new question It has been tried I ask Mr Sanford if he has thoroughly tested it as requested in Augusta two years since Mr Sanford Yes sir I have 5000 men on my jury against budded trees Mr Varnadoe I have tested Elberta a budded variety It did not do well But our country is no peach country Mr Tibbs of Dalton I have made an experiment in peach culture I exhibit a peach which is known to us as the Delaware coming from New Jersey This shows what seedlings will do They have outlived budded or grafted trees It is 15 years old It does not however reproduce identically 15934 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGKORGIA The President This peach belongs to the Lemon Cling family The name Delaware is too broad It has one faculty It will re produce itself with more regularity than most varieties and like the Indian family usually gives good fruit I once saw at Roch ester 44 varieties of seedlings reproduced from the same tree from Hills Chiliand nearly all identical Mr Pelton Has he ever budded this variety on other trees Mr Tibbs I have not The President Then nothing is proved Dr Hape In all my experience 1 have reproduced hut one variety as early as the Alexander We want to correct the gener rl fallacy in regard to the superiority of seedlings Mr Sanford One person in my experience brought 6010 budded trees from New Jersey I put out a large number of seedlings Mine were living when his had perished root and branch Very seldom do we succeed in fruiting grafted trees It may be local I admit but it is true Mr Clark of Clay This experience does not hold good for Clay county is nearly in Mr Sanfords neighborhood The President exhibited a PeenTo Seedlirg the Bidwell an oblong instead of a flat peach stating that a further variation might arise in a seedling of the Bidwell Mr Mott of Orlando I have recently heard of a PeenTo tree in Florida growing both flat and oblong peaches I examined this tree and personally corroborate the report Heard of another instance also in Florida on a five years old tree where the sports were intermixed irregularly Sent fruit to Washington and was informed that it was a sport or I bud variation Mr Pelton Would like to ask Mr Sanford if he knows of per sons who themselves budded carefully the trees that failed in his neighborhood on neighborhood stocks Mr Sanford I have but one answer We raise only seedlings for sale in our neighborhood No others do well The reports of Congressional Districts were then taken up and ordered filed in the minutes in the following order REPORT PROM SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To the Georgia State Horticultural Society Mr President and Gentlemen 1 have to report that for the present 160GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 36 year there seems to be a diversity of opinion as to the fruit crop Some say the crop was never hetter others that it was rather poor My own observa tions are that there has been a fair crop Apples in most localities are poor owing to frost late in the print Peaches about the same injured by frost and rot about the time of ripening Ninetenths of the peaches in my section were grown from seedlings as usual plums were almost a failure Grapes tigs pomegranites mulberries the crop was never better Small fruit was good in the early part of the season but was damaged badly by dry weather Pears have been bountiful with most growers but the fruit rather small owing to too many on the trees and three freezes after the trees bloomed There has been some complaint of blight among all of the varieties hut the crop was so bountiful and gave such satisfactory returns there is vary little complaint now Our pear crop in South Georgia has been a golden harvest to all who planted eight or ten years ago South Georgia seems by nature to be the home of the pear With proper cultivation all varieties can be grown to perfection old and new Judging from what I can learn the day is not tar distant when every hill in this section will be a pear orchard As to new fruit I have none to report except I am fruiting this year for the first time the Japan Mam moth Chesnut from what 1 see I am ready to give it a place in my orchard easy to live and bears very early seems to take hold of our soil as if it had come to stay Vegetables and melons are good and melons have brought good returns Field crops up to date were never better and tillers of the soil are happy Respectfully submitted H H Sanfokd Vice lres Ga State Horticultural Society For Second District of Georgia REPORT OP THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To the Georgia State Horticultural Society During the winter and early spring the prospects were very flattering indeed for an abundant fruit crop Peaches commenced blooming about Feb ruary 20 and most of the varieties were in full bloom by March 10 The weather being very favorable they grew rapidly and many orchards were in full leaf and heavily laden with young fruit from to 1 inch in diameter by March 30 on that day the thermometer registered at ii a m i2 Ice inch thick with a white frost This cold wave was too severe for the peach and but few favored locations resisted its blighting influence leaving only about onetenth of a crop Then too the curculio came in for his share reducing if still more After all of these misfortunes however there has been more peaches shipped from this section the present season than last and with much more satisfactory results This increase of shipments is due to the very large area of young trees just coming into bearing and also the comparative freedom from rot Wild Goose Plums also suffered about the same proportionate loss from cold and Curculios as the peach they too were of tine quality and sold readily 16136 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA at paying prices Pears almost an entire failure and many limbs on the Le Conte and other varieties are dying from blight or the effects of the March freeze Grapes a fair crop and but little if any rot The cold winter and dry spring checked the growth of the strawbery plants and caused them to produce a very light crop which was slow to ripen Ship ments commenced about April 20th and continued until July 1st Some of the early blooming varieties of apples were injured by spring frost but with this exception we have a splendid crop of perfect fruit and there will be thousands of bushels shipped from this section The interest in fruit culture is certainly more decided than on any previous year A fresh impetus has been given to the business by the location of two evaporiating establishments in our midst one at Fort Valley and the other at Marshallville with consuming capacity of about 500 bushels of peaches each per day With this arrangement the grower need not let any fruit go to waste as he can sell all the speckled and small size fruit to the evaporator at fair prices and only ship the first class stock in its fresh state to the distant markets From all that we can learn there has been more peaches shipped the present season from Houston and Macon counties than from the remainder of the State This is destined to be the peach centre of Georgia if not the South at no distant day Respectfully submitted SAMUEL H RUMPH Chairman Fruit Committee REPORT OF FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To The Georgia State Horticultural Society Your Committee for the Fourth Congressional District bog leive to submit the following report This has been an off year for many of the fruits successfully grown in this district The peach crop may be said to have been nearly a failure The trees blossomed well but a heavy frost and I may say freeze thermometer 29 nearly destroyed the entire crop Even the favored locality of Mr J H Parnell of W Point did not fully escape the wholesale destruction He suc ceeded only in shipping four or five hundred boxes of all varieties The Apple crop is tolerably good The Shockley seems to be slowley regain ing its lost ground For quite a number of years a fungus has attacked the foliage of this tree and injured it to such an extent that no good apples were made this year very little fungus has appeared and it is hoped that the Shock ley will regain its original popularity I have to report the Pear crop a failure The same causes that destroyed thd Peach crop destroyed this I am pleased to say that there has not been as much blight this year as for the last several years A very few Plums were made in this district The Wild Goose being 162GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 37 the best plum wo have and blossoming so early the late frost generally deprives us of a crop The small fruits generally were reasonably good The Grape crop good and although we had 16 rainy days in July amounting to a rainfall of 1748 inches there was very little if any rotting The Catawba seems to have reinstated itself as no rotting whatever has been observed this year The specimens on exhibition now in this hall stood the test of 7 succes sive rainy days Although little fruit has been made for the last two years still our people are hopeful and I a satisfied that there will be no falling off in the interest of Horticulture in this part of the State Respectfully submitted H H Cary VicePresident REPORT OF FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT The fruit crop in the Fifth Congressional District has been in almost every respect a complete failure With the possible exception of a few apple orchards and some vineyards no fruit has been grown the present season in this district The very cold weather in the early spring contributed largely to this result Commencing with the strawberry crop which may be estmated at about onefourth of a crop a succession of failures has been experienced No season within my own recollection has ever been so disas trous to fruit growers The prices obtained for berries has been satisfactory The quality fair to good Nothing new shown on the market known to the writer has been exhibited the present season The Galceron berry which had a fine test on my own grounds fully maintained its reputa tion as the best shipping berry yet tested in this locality Pearblight still continues its ravages and seems in no wise on the decrease as far as observed the present season The grape crop is quite below the aver age having for the first time in many years been injured by a late cold snap Grape rol has been quite prevalent in many vineyards though not as violent as some seasons in the past The market thus far has been satisfactory to growers and increased shipping facilities promise in the near future to over come one of the greatest obstacles heretofore known to fruit growers SAMUEL HAPE Vice Pres Fifth Congressional District REPORT OF THE SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To the Ueorgia State Horticultural Society In making my report for the Sixth Congressional District I have to say that up to March 1st we never had a more flattering prospect for a crop of iruit of almost all kinds but the cold spell which prevailed nearly the whole of that month killed nearly all fruits that had bloomed Apples in some localities are a full crop or nearly so and fruit average in quality while in other localities the crop is reported short and rather poor in quality I am glad to be able to report of the Shockley that while it is not entirely free from the fungoid disease which came well nigh destroying it 16338 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA the disease has been gradually giving away for three years and there is reason for hope that it will soon take its former position at the head of our list of winter apples In the northern portion of my district we had but few pears of inferior qual ity In the vicinity of the city of Macon they are reported as being full up to the average in every respect Of peaches we had onefourth or perhaps less of a crop of the Hale and Thos Rivers strains with here and there a tree well laden with delicious fruit and a smaller proportion of a crop of other varieties running through the Beason Mr Milne reports that seedlings bore a rail crop and worked trees less than half a crop The reverse is the fact in my immediate locality My neighbor has an orchard of seedlings most favorably situated for possess ing immunity from frost as is proven by the fact that it never failed to bring a crop until this year while two other orchards of budded trees near by less favorably situated produced one fourth of a crop and I have noticed that very few seedlings in ray immediate locality fruited this year Berries of all kinds owing to the drouth which prevailed throughout the spring and early summer were small and inferior except in a few localities favored with occasional showers of rain The melons and vegetables suffered severely from same cause Never since the organization ofthe society has the grape crop been so fine as it is this year The bunches are large and compactly filled with the largest and best flavored berries retaining the sweetness to a surprising degree after so much rain fall of late doing great injury to this crop Respectfully submitted A J WILLIAMS REPORT OF THE SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To the Member of the Horticultural Society Dalton On Ckment Ga August 1 1887 Apples much injured by the freeze in April Onefourth of a crop of Shockleys Oneeighth crop of BenDavis Winesap Early apples almost a failure No peaches but Alex in mountains Cherries entire failure Plums entire failure Strawberries fine but cut short by drought Pears good crop on mountains but no where else Raspberries fine Currants and gooseberries small fruit was formed but was killed by frost Blackberries tine on mountains but failure elsewhere LeConte pears entire failure from frost Grapes finer than usualno rot Respectfully GEO H WARING 164GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 39 REPORT OF THE NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To Ihe Georgia State Horticultural Society The peach crop in my district is a total failure Very poor apple crop not more than onetenth of the yearly average yield itnd much of what there is is knotty and not well developed Pears also are scarce Plums including Wild Goose very light crop Strawberries and raspberries in season but a short time and below the average as to quantity and quality Many persons attribute the failure of the fruit crop to a freeze on the 6th of April The fruit was well advanced and the thermometer indicated 7 below the freezing point at 7 a m the next morning Much complaint of fireblight in pear trees Also insect depredation upon twigs ot pear and apples trees The Shockley still holds its own as our most reliable late keeping apple The trees are reported healthy on good land properly cultivated Orchards in this section of country as a general thing are badly neglected It is to be hoped that the meeting of the Horticultural Society in Dalton will do much to advance the cause of fruit growing for profit and pleasure in our locality Colonel Tibbs of Dalton reports white blackberries appearing in a field of his He has some wine on exhibition made of the berries which is of a much lighter color than usual All of which is respectfully submitted S W Backman Chairman Fruit Committee Ninth District REPORT OF TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To Georgia State Horticultural Society I making my report for this district I am sorry that I have nothing to offer that is encouraging The fruit crop has been a general failure The apple crop has been very light and of very poor quality Some orchards badly attacked with rust and loss ot trees on the increase from borers I am satisfied that in some orchards many young trees have been killed by the hot afternoon sun The peach crop is almost a total failure excepting upon the highest localities that escaped the late frost in March and April Plums were a failurefruit very defective and wormy The pear crop is very small although apparently very little blight Japan persimmons were damaged by late frostscrop of fruit very small The strawberry crop has not been large owing to the lack of rain during April The abundant rains in May brought the crop up and the fruit was on an average larger than usual 16540 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The raspberry crop was large Cuthbert Gregg arid Schaffers bore abund antly Blackberries were abundant The kittatinny was unusually large owing to favorable weather in June and July The grape crop was below an average The late frosts did much to curtail it while mildew and black rot prevailed where preventative measures were neglected I have found again this season that sulphur properly applied is the most certain remedy for mildew A larger number of fruit trees have been planted than usual but as for merly the care given in selecting varieties suited to this climate seems to be ignored and in consequence the usual proportion of failures may be re corded Respectfully submitted J P H BROWN Chairman Fruit Committee for Tenth Cong Dist Dr Hape chairman of Committee on Synonyms in reporting suggested that all synonyms likely to be confusing be dropped unhesitatingly and one name only be selected for permanent use It was moved that the Committee on Synonyms be instructed to act upon this suggestion Carried Mr L A Berckmans chairman of Committee on New Fruits reported as follows REPORT OP STANDING COMMITTEE ON NEW FRUITS We beg to present the following report as to the new truits exhibited H H Sanford of Hermonsville Ga exhibits a new watermelon the Choctahatchee dark green in color medium size said to be a good shipper Also exhibits specimens of Japan mammoth chestnut Dr Samuel Hape Hapeville Ga new grapeRotundifolia type black early and prolific bearer bunches containing from 10 of 20 berries ol medium size quality said to be best W W Thompson Smithville Ga new PearSeedling of Suet Lea medium yellow flesh white brittle slightly subacid but lacks tone quality hardly good S H Rumph Marshallville Ga PeachesSeedling of Chinese Cling large size free white mottled pink flesh white specimens too ripe to judge of quality said to be a fine market variety Plants ClingSeedling of orange cling large size flesh yellow firm quality hardly good two weeks later than parent E R Anthony Macon Ga Grapes NewtonyEstivalis type bunches medium compact black wine grape only ExcelsiorBunches large berry medium pink pulp meaty quality very good 166GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 41 Far WestEstivalis type bunches small berries medium black quality not good a wine grape only Poughkeepsie RedBunches small and compact berries small thin skin quality best L A Berckmans Geo L Tabek A J William H H Sanfords Mr A H Manville chairman of Committee on Apples Pears and miscellaneous Fruits reported as follows REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON APPLES PEARS AND MISCELLA NEOUS FRUITS Mr President and Gentlemen of the Georgia State Horticultural Society Your Committee appointed to examine the Apples Pears and Miscellaneous Fruits on exhibition beg to report as follows PEARS McKinnion Thomasville19 plates Unnamed E L Veill25 plates LeContes H H Sanford Thomasville3 plates Mikado 4 plates Bartlott 2 plates Duehesse dAngooleme 2 plates Onondaga 2 plates Keifier 1 plate Buerre Gifford 1 plate Buerre dAnjou 1 plate Buerre Langelier 12 plates Unnamed Mrs 1 W Bryan Lookout Mountain3 plates Bartlott W W Thompson Smithville2 plates Seedling Snow 1 plate Buerre Diel 6 plates LeConte 1 plate Slice Lea 2 plates Hawaii 1 plate Mikado 2 plates Keiffer 2 plates Snow L L Varnadoe Thomasville15 plates Unnamed M F Snow Fort Valley1 plate LeConte 2 plates Unnamed Samuel H Rumph Marshallville Ga2 plates Keifier 1 plate Unnamed 1 plate Duchesse dAngooleme 1 plate Belle Lucrative 2 plates LeConte 1 plate Bartlett B M Thomas Dalton1 plate Bartlett Samuel H Rumph Marshallville3 plates Simmons Red 2 plates Ben Davis 4 plates Carters Blue 3 plates Taunton 1 plate Ugins Pippin 1 plate Chattahoochee Greening 1 plate Familj 1 plate Equinetelee 2 plates Nickajack 3 plates Stevensons Winter 1 plate Oconee Greening 1 plate Nameless 2 plates Buncombe 4 plates Unnamed 2 plates Man gum 1 plate Cannon Pearmain 1 plate Red June 1 plate Hileys Eureka 1 plate Sweet Borgle 2 plates Shockley 1 plate Pryon Red 1 plate Romanite 1 plate Translucent Crab 1 plate Hemesba Crab 1 plate Cul lassaga plate Mamma 1 plate Junaluskee 1 plate Hovir 1 plate Kitta geskee 1 plate Equinetelee 1 plate Wine Sap 16742 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Qt T Jones Port Valley10 plates Unnamed 1 plate Gansemond Beau M P Snow Fort Valley1 plate Kittageskee 1 plate Simmons Red plate Stevensons Winter 1 plate Harvest Sweet 3 plates Taunton 1 plate Shockley 1 plate Family 1 plate Clark Runnions 1 plate Equine telee 1 plate Carters Blue 1 plate Ben Davis 1 plate Golden Beau Crab H H Sanford Thomasville2 plates Carters Blue 1 plate Siberian Crab W W Thompson Smithville2 plates Unnamed 1 plate Shockley Mrs J W Bryan Lookout Mountain2 plates Unnamed 5 plates Sheepnose 1 plate Horse Hon James Sparton Calhoun1 plate Sheep Bent Thomas Curtis2 plates Unnamed MISCELLANEOUS W W Thompson1 Haehiyu Persimmon 1 Unnamed Persimmon 1 Chinese Quince H H Sanford1 Kurokume Persimmon 1 Gold Persimmon 1 Among Persimmon 1 Hachkiyu Persimmon Pearing Branch Japan Chestnut Tea Seed S M Wayman Pomona1 plate Mt Vernon Strawberry M F SnowAmong Persimmons Samuel H Rumph1 plate Chinese Quince Stephen Soar Dade City FlaCauley Guavas Apples SPECIAL MENTION W W ThompsonA line collection Japan Pears of LeConte and Keiffer Pears H H Sanford exhibits an interesting collection of pears including hand some specimens of LeConte Bartlett and Duchess McKennon McKennon exhibits LeConte Keiffer and Bartlett Pears deserving of notice L L Varnadoe Bhows Kielfer Pears well colored and nearly ripe also magnificent specimens of LeConte Pears Samuel H Rumph shows the fullest collection of apples consisting of many handsome specimens also a very Hue plate ol well ripened Bartlett Pears The numbers of fruits on the different plates varied greatly and many varieties were unnamed or misnamed Your committee would urge upon exhibitors the importance of better classi fication and would suggest to the Society the adoption of a standard as to the number of fruits constituting a plate Respectfully submitted A H Manville W F Heikes A J Williams Jas L Fleming J A Everett Committee 188 Japan Persimmons and so very fine specimensGEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 43 Mr W K Nelson of Committee on Grapes reported as follows REPORT OF THE GRAPE VINE AND STRAWBERRY COMMITTEE Secretary W K Nelson read the report on fruit exhibited for the chairman Mrs J W Bryan as follows The committee respectfully report that they have examined the numerous varieties and find the following exhibits E R Anthony of Macon Ga makes a magnificent display of thirtyeight known varieties We call special attention to the fine clusters of Moss Reisling Mr J L Mynatt of Decatur Ga a handsome display of twenty varieties Camille LeHardy of Lookout Mountain nine plates of fine grapes Mrs J W Bryan of Lookout Mountain two plates of Ives and Martha W W Thompson of Smithville Ga one plate of North Georgia Grape J N Kilker Calhoun Ga three plates grapes Concord Catawba Goethe Mrs D E Allen of Dalton Ga Scuppernong and Bullace Dr S Hape Atlanta several branches of the new grape of the Scuppernong family the Eden The clusters contain from 16 to 25 berries H H Sandford of Thomasville one plate Thomas grape Dr H H Cary seven plates of fine Catawba no rot visible showing that this variety has regained its place as a wine and table grape Mr James Harlan Calhoun Ga one plate Salem E R Anthony of Macon Ga Brighton Catawba Lady Washington Highland Eleinburg Excelsior Burchard one of Wylbes Hermann Wilder Warren Langendorfer Balseigar Blue Laroute Bacchus Ives Perkins Black July Jefferson Nortons Virginia Cynthiana Duchess Lindley Hartford Pro lific Eumelan Ives Champion Walkers Winter Maxatawney Far West Secretary Walter Triumph Long Peter Wylie Croton Vergennes Elsinburgh J C Bucher Glendale StrawberryBucher Bidwell Dutchess Ives Hartford Goethe Maxatawney Black Defiance Triumph Griers Goldan Pearl Black Eagle Nortens Virginia Berckmans Champion Brighton Diana Perkins Pearl Salem Black Hamburg Lady Washington Alvery Delaware Prentiss Martha Wilder lona Niagara Irving Missouri Rusling Packlington Clinton Catawba Black July Lindley Noah Elvira J L Mynatt of Decatur Ga Maxatawney Lindley Martha Perkins Salem Diana Goethe Packlington Agawam Duchess Clinton Alvey Elvira Catawba Delaware Prentiss WTilder and Nortons Virginia Camille L Hardy nine plates of grapes Cinthiana Bacchus Merimac Catawba Martha Lindley Ives Elvira Delaware W W Thompson one variety of Grape North Georgia new Peter Kreisher Dalton Ga three plates grapes Keuka Goethe and Concord W H Tibbs Dalton Ga one bottle white blackberry wine beautiful amber color showing this white blackberry found growing wild on his planta tion is adapted for a high class of wine 16944 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA S Wayman Pomona Spalding county Ga exhibits a large plate of Mt Vernori strawberries On f acre he produced 2600 quarts many berries measuring 5 inches in circumference Bucher Bidwell exhibit one bunch of strawberries Mrs J W Bryan W K Nelson Committee Mr Deckner chairman of Committee on Vegetables rejiorted as follows REPORT OP COMMITTEE ON VEGETABLES Mr President We your Committee on Vegetables beg to submit the following report We find exhibited by Mrs Bryan of Lookout Mountain one fine specimen of Turners Hybrid tomato three of Irish Potatoes Empire exceedingly fine Maine Beauty extra early white and beautiful and Early Maine resem bling the Early Rose in shape of which it is a seedling is verj promising and said to be earlier than its parent By Mr C L Hardy three varieties of Irish Potatoes that is Dakota Red which is a fine specimen Blue Bell a new dark red hardy looking potato promising a success Empire State a long very white potato beautifully shaped By Aaron Ruff Calhoun Ga three specimens of Beats all large one of White Sugar one ef Long Blood and one of Blood Turnip By H H Sanford Large Bell Pepper very fine also two fine Chocto hatchie Watermelons weighing about 40 and 60 lbs By G T Jones Fort Valley Ga a specimen of fine Egg Plant By an unknown party fine specimen of Egg Plant Okra Tall White very prolific Dwarf Green and Tall Green By H F Rowe Dalton Ga one Irish Potato for name supposed to be Blue Belle a perfect specimen By B M Thomas Dalton Ga four specimens of tomatoes The Turners Hybrid Livingstons Beauty Livingstons Perfection and Acme all very fine By Ben E Green Dalton Ga two tomatoes supposed to be Mikado very large but somewhat cracked and one fine specimen of Plum Tomato Also one specimen of aline Egg Plant one of large green Bell Pepper By Mrs D E Allen Oyster Bean new fine and promising also an Egg Plant fine specimen By Mr S H Rumph Marshallville Ga some very fine Egg Plants New York Market Chas Deckner J W Bunch Geo H Uhl T E Blackshear 170GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 45 Mr Williams chairman of the Special Committee on Legisla tion in regard to the Trusteeship of State University reported that an adequate bill had been prepared with an amendment pro viding for two instead of four Trustees to be elected by the State Horticultural Society and was reported favorably by the Com mittee but had not yet been definitely acted upon That there was quite a sentiment against the bill and its ultimate fate was doubtful It now lies on the table of the House Dr Cary protested against the University being considered on the wane Thought new blood instilled into the Board of Trus tees might bolster it up and benefit it Dr Hape moved that the same Committee continue their labors in our behalf Carried ELECTION OF OFFICERS Election of Officers was entered into Dr Cary was called to the chair President Berckmans retiring President Berckmans was reelected and conducted to the chair and resumed the duties of his office with a feeling acknowledge ment to the society of their confidence and esteem so often and so emphatically expressed Vacancies were filled in the Board of VicePresidents as fol lows Election of V P in 1st District postponed to afternoon In the third Mr S H Rumph was reelected as V Pres In the 5th Dr Samuel Hape was reelected as VicePresident In the 7th Geo H Waring was reelected VicePresident In the 9th Mr G W Bachman was elected his own successor VicePresidents in the other districts holding over For Secretary and Treasurer Mr T L Kinsey of Savannah was on motion of G H Waring unanimously elected and in his absence this fact was ordered wired him to Savannah On motion adjournment was had to 230 p m 3 OClock P M The Society was called to order and election of VicePresident for 1st District was announced No one responding the election was again postponed 17146 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Messrs W B Brown of Port Valley H M Sessions of At lanta and Dr Neil Mclnnis of Augusta we elected to represent the State Horticultural Society at the February and August meetings in the year 18S8 of the State Agricultural Society Dr Hape of Atlanta under the head of selection of a place for the next annual meeting put in nomination the city of Griffin Mr Sanford of Thomasville put his own city in nomination A ballot was taken and the result announced Griffin 38 Thom asville 38 A second ballot was ordered resulting Griffin 31 Thomas ville 45 Thomasville was consequently selected Report of T L Kinsey Treasurer for the year 1887 was read and adopted TREASURERS REPORT T L Kinsky Treasurer In account with Georgia State Hort Society 1886 Dr June 30 To balance from 1885 7 1887 June 30 To annual dues from sixtynine members 1380013873 1886 Or April 12 By paid J L Gow printing 3 75 May 1 By paid express on Michigan Horticulture Reports 1 90 July 15 By paid express on Mississippi Hort Reports 2 20 July 15 By paid J W Burke Co society stamp 3 60 July 15 By paid printing railroad passes 2 00 July 15 By paid stamps 3 00 July 27 By paid J L Gow printing circulars 7 00 Aug 28 By paid T R Gibson reporting 17 00 Nov 15 By paid J T Henderson printing proceedings 82 50 Nov 25 By paid express on Proceedings 1 50 Dec 1 By paid wrappers and stamps for Proceedings 8 00 1887 June 30 By paid mailing circulars 00135 46 1887 June 30 To balance 2H E E T L Einsky Treasurer Savannah July 1 1887 Geo H Waring offered the following resolution Resolred That in accordance with the spirit of this Society which ignores all personal interests so far as derived from its exhibition af fruits etc that no professional hortieulturalist shall be allowed to use the exhibition hall as a medium of advertising his private business That all cards giving more than 172GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 49 his address or the name of his business tirm as also all caJ the American colored plates of fruits or fruits in jars tending to make yfemke 14 it this being according with a resolution adopted by this Sock 1877 Gko h Motion lost Dr H H Cary offered the following resolution of thanks Be it Resolved That the thanks oT this convention are due and they are hereby tendered to the citizens of Dalton for their refined and elegant hospi tality extended during the stay of its members in their beautiful city Resolved further That the thanks of this Society are tendered to the various railroads so kindly giving us free transportation to and from Dalton and that it is distinctly understood by us that the railroads have during the last decade been great developers of the agricultural and horticultural resources of the State of Georgia And resolved finally That our thanks are hereby tendered to the Southern Express Company for its continued and appreciated courtesies in transporting all exhibits free Adopted Dr Hape suggested that this resolution be sent direct to the railroads endorsed by the officers of the Society Dr Hape then offered the following resolution on the death of Col Marshall P Wilder MEMORIAL OF THE HON MARSALL P WILDER The following memorial resolutions were of offered by VicePresident Dr Samuel Hape Whereas the Hon Marshall P Wilder the honored President of the American Pomological Society and an honorary member of the Georgia State Horticultural Society departed this life on December IB 1886 after a long and useful life full of years and honors alike be it resolved 1st That this Society express their deep sorrow at the irreparable loss they have sustained and in common with every Pomologist in the world deplore the death of one who as the head of American Pomology will always be gratefully remembered and his memory stand as their guide 2nd That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the family of the deceased and a page of our records be inscribed to him in memoriam Unanimously adopted by a rising vote 173rr IN MEMORY OF MARSHALL PINKNEY WILDER Ph D President of the American Pomological Society and Honorary Member of the Georgia State Horticultural Society Born at Rye N H September 22 1798 Died at Boston Mass December 16 1886GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 49 Volunteer delegates were called for to attend the American Pomological Society Meeting at Boston on September 14 15 and 16 Volunteers P J Berckmans Geo H Waring Dr Saml Hape A H Manville H M Sessions Dr H H Cary Mr Bachman announced that he was a citizen of the 7th dis trict and could not therefore occupy the position of V P of the of the 9th Col Waring suggested that he be retained A constitutional point was raised on account of MrBachmans residence Mr Sessions suggested that the vacancies in the Vice Presiden tial list be filled by the Society with members from other districts Dr Hape moved that the matter be left to the Executive Com mittee for future action by appointment Carried Mr Heikes moved the same in regard to first district Carried Discussion of Catalogue PEAKS Beurre d AnjouMr Sanford One of the best A good fruiter and a good grower Moved for two stars for coast Ordered KieferMr Thompson moved two stars for middle region Carried GarberMr Thompson Have 6 year old trees but have not fruited Mr Berckmans Neither have I Smiths HybridMr Thompson It blights badly Mr Sanford Have fruited it in Thomas Think it fine Every one reports it as a little sour but good President Berckmans I think we decided last year it was better than LeConte Mr Sanford My trees bear at four or five years freely Want two stars for it for my region but will be content with one One star ordered for middle region Mr Waring announced that two apples the Wallace Howard and the Mrs Bryan had been now well tested and deserved two stars The President They resemble Buncombe somewhat but distinct and superior 175 are60 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Mr Waring 1 move both varieties be catalogued and given one star for mountains So ordered Mr Frederick We have at Marshallville called the Bradford Best Is it catalogued Pres R It is catalogued as Kentucky Red Streak Bradfords Best is the synonym Attention was called to the fact of a misprint under the head of LeConte Pear It should be double starred in both middle region and coast PLUMS BeCaradeucMr Waring Wants it struck for mountains Carried Mr Sanfbrd Want it struck for middle region The President I like it It is earlier than Wild Goose and profitable I would like only one star stricken in middle region Ordered HarpersDr Hape Moved stricken from the list Ordered Kelseys JapanMaj Books Mr Taber at Glen St Marys has truited it successfully The President This is the third year I have fruited it June buds produced the following year A peculiar plum different from native or European is of best quality large sometimes 4 oz sweet prolific enormously so Fruit was hurt by frost this year badly Have seen marks of eurculio on fruit but none deeper than skin It is a rapid grower Maj Rooks Doesnt do so well on peach stocks as on plum The President The Robinson is like Wild Goose same size quality and flavor but later and hence desirable Mr Sanfbrd I move it be catalogued as promising well Or dered Mr BLusted I have one tree of Marianna in bearing as good as Wild Gooseprobably an improvementof better appear ancemore highly colored Ordered catalogued for trial The President I caution all against investing in Japon plums of Apricot section They dont do well with us herebloom in mid winter Mr Thompson I have fruited Caddo Chief a very early good 176GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 51 plum of Chickasaw type About as early as our wild plum ton days or a week earlier than wild grown Mr Berckmans Botan is distinct from European Said to have been fruited at the North Dont know about it here GRAPES NiagaraDr Hape Grows well but rots quality good Mr Bucher Rots badly Mr Husted Fruited crown grafts Did better than Concord and of first quality WardenDr Hape Possesses the good qualities of Concord and is a little larger Mr Husted I have 200 vines two year grafts Larger better more prolific and more desirable than Concord BerckmansDr Hape Should have two stars in middle region So ordered DuchessDr Hape By bagging can be saved from rotting its only failing Its quality is best Mr Berckmans Sets badly and rots badlynot even prom Mr Thonpson Has too much foreign blood Does not do well Lady WashingtonHusted Does poorly grows slowly PrentissHas poor roots Best appearance if it did not rot Fine bunch OrderedCatalogued suitable for amateur culture DianaHape Want better classification for Diana Should be good quality good bearer and good shipper So ordered PocklingtonHape A complete failure first last and all the time Sanford Worthless Drops off when ripe President Saw it exhibited at Rochester years ago It was beautiful but of poor quality It is worthless The older the vines the smaller and the meaner looking and should be discarded Dr Hape Would like a new grape of mine black the Eden catalogued I have fruited it three years It is prolific and ripens later than scuppernongs Moved to have it put on trial Ordered Mr Bucher 40 Griefs or Missouri Reisling does well with 17752 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA me A white grape and would like it placed on list as promising well So ordered The President Would like information as to Woffords Winter Grape Mr Thompson I have failed with it but perhaps because I pruned it President I have seen specimens I consider it an abomina tion TriumphPresident A white showy grape formerly grand but of late showing tendency to rot Husted Fruited it this year two years crown grafts fine quality and enormous bunches It grew most beautifully STRAWBERRIES GalceronHape The most solid berry of its size and quality I know A perfect bloomer and very promising Should have one Star for middle region RASPBERRIES Golden QueenThe President This has been represented as a yellow Cuthbert but crumbles to the touch and fires badly Quali ty much interior to Cuthbert BLACKBERRIES Early HarvestPresident Bore wonderfully and earlier by two weeks than Wilson and while rather small is of as much profit as any other Its merit consist in its earliness and the con sequent ready sale MULBERRIES RussianSanfbrd Worthless FIGS Judge Hansell We find some difficulty in our synonyms We are mixed for instance between the Celestial and Sugar It bids fair to become a prominent and profitable fruit and we would like to have the names clearly set down for us President This is all done explicitly in standard works It will be attended to next session 178GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 53 Mr Sanford I received three figs from California white the Don Petro the White Adriatic and Geneva They grew off well standing cold wonderfully but 1 have not yet fruited them CHERRIES The President Our friend Mr Bunch of South Carolina cul tivates an old variety of the Morello class the Old Flemish or Montmorenci and makes some money out of it Its quality is not very high but it yields regular crops where other sorts fail QUINCES ChampionHape Am fruiting Champion Not yet ripe but promises well Bears sooner than most quinces PERSIMMONS The President Mr Sanford exhibits a persimmon wrongly named He calls it KnoxKnore but should be KoTsuru one of the oblong class It was moved that the last years Committee on Persimmons be continued Dr Hape announced that all surplus fruit would be donated to those who took the trouble of fitting up the hall Dr Cary Mr Rumph suggests that the exhibits after the friends of the exhibitors have been provided for be turned over to the Hall Committee Moved that the last years Committee on Printing be continued Dr Cary Dr Hape and Mr Bucher Committee After an appropriate concluding address by President Berck mans in which he congratulated the Society that it stood second to none in the country having now 125 members on its roll against 80 last year and was evidently on the upgrade and after a feeling tribute of thanks for past confidence imposed in the speaker the Society was pronounced adjourned P J BERCKMANS H N Starnes Sec pro tern President 17954 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CATALOGUE OF FRUITS PLAN OF CATALOGUE To enable the Society to publish a full and reliable catalogue o fruits which are successfully cultivated in Georgia and in view of the vast differences which the climatic influence of the several sections of our State has upon the same fruit cultivated upon the mountains or near the seacost it has been deemed advisable to divide the State into three distinct sections 1 The Upper or Mountain Region embracing that section of Georgia between the 34th and 35th degrees of latitude N 2 The Middle Region between 32d and 34th degrees and including the south western portion of the 32d degree 3 The Lower or Coast Region comprising the counties of Chatham Bryan Liberty Mclntosh Glynn and Camden The explanations of the columns will be found under each class of fruits The varieties named in the several lists are of recognized good quality inferior or rejected varieties being omitted Synonyms are given in a few instances only where it was deemed necessary these are placed under the adopted name in italics One indicates that the varieties succeed well in the region named at the head of the column Two indicate the varieties most highly recommended No indicates no report or that the variety is not sufficiently tested A Dash indicates that the variety is unsuited APPLES Explanation of Columns Column 1stName of varieties Column 2dSeason of maturity Column 3d The particular use for which it is best adapted Columns 4 5 and 6The regions for which the varieties are recommended Column 7thRemarks Explanation of Abbreviations Column 2dSeasonsS summer A autumn W winter E early L late E S early summer L W late winter etc Column 3dUseK designates varieties recommended only for kitchen or cooking purposes D for drying C for those specially intended for cider M those most valued for market Varieties not marked may be considered as table or dessert sorts 180GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY APPLES 55 c c c NAME c a c if Fh c REMARKS a o o5 c 5 s CO 5 Astraehan Red ES M Profitable early market not prolific Ben DavisiNew York Pippin LW Second quality excellent keeper BncombeSisMeigsRed Winter Pearmain Red of bloom buds Fall Pippin A M Excellent In some soils liable to blight Excellent fine keeper prolific Black Warrior Carters Blue Syn Lady Fitzpatrick A M Large sugary very fine splendid Carolina Greening Syns grower Green Crank Southern Greening Green Cheese W M Excellent Cannon Pearmain LW Second quality fine keeper Carolina Watson S M Very large prolific profitable market Cullasaga EW Requires strong clay soil Chattahoochee W Excellent and fine keeper Disharoon A Good quality fine grower Early Harvest ES M Universal favorite Elgin Pippin A M Large and very good Equinetelee Syns Bache to borer lor Buckingham etc A M Very good needs strong soil subject Etowah Syn Coopers Red W M Very good fine keeper Fall Pippin A M Large and very good pie prolific Family M Excellent and profitable summer ap Farrars Summer Syn s Very good lasts from July to October Ferdinand A Large good quality Grimes Golden Pippin EW Very good in mountain region State ES vr ir Good in Middle and Western portion of Homony Syns Summer Queen of KentuckySops ot Wine S M Excellent prolific Holeys Eureka LW S Late keeper line lasts two months Horse S K SHS Superior for cooking and drying pro Hocketts Sweet LW Prolific and good keeper Horn LW S Good keeper open grower fruit Productive excellent for cider showy Very large very good stout grower Julian S K Jewetts Best s Kansas Queen s Very showy Kittageskeo LA Very prolific small very good Kentucky Red Streak Syn Bradfords Best A Fine grower Leaver LW K i Second quality late keeper Lanier A 1 Showy fall apple good quality region May Pippin ES v Very early reliable in middle or westn Mamma A Very good fine tree 18156 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA APPLES Continued NAME a 0 u a a c So a u d c IS REMARKS o B 3 d a 09 c 8 s c G w Excellent prolific subject to moth Mavericks Sweet W M Very good good keeper unreliable Moultries Syn Indian LW M Good and late keeper A Showy and excellent Neverfails Syn Rawles Janet A M Niekajack Syns Summer our Berry Wonder etc W M Excellent in some sections of middle region unreliable apt to drop before Nantahalee Syn Yellow attaining full size soils Stone S Very good apt to rot at core in nome Oconee Greening A Excellent Palmer or Pear Apple E Mediumvery goodprolific tain ngion Romanite LW Unsurpassed in quality prolific in moiin Red June Syn Carolina Red June ES M i Early prolific very good bears very young profitable for market Rhodes Orange ES Excellent summer fruit Simmons Red S M Matures fruit from June to October LW M 4 M Reliable in every section profitable Sauta LW Very good late keeper even on coast Summer Cheese S K Large prolific excelt for cookg dryg Summer Queen s M Prolific and good market apple ing Stevensons Winter LW M Unsurpassed in quality bearing keep Striped June Syn Early Red Margret of the South ES M s Si M Excellent fine grower and prolific Sweet Bough Syn Sweet Harvest A M Very good early sweet Taunton W Large showy good quality fine for Webbs Winter w Good market open grower Whites Winter Pearmain w ft Good LW Small very good prolific and bears Yopps Favorite S Very good young desirable variety Wallace Howard A Very showy and excellent LW ft Quality very good Mitchells Cider S Promising well late summer Yellow Transparent E Promising well for trial LEADING VARIETIES OP APPLES FOR MARKET ORCHARDS SummerAstrachan Red June Early Harvest Family Striped June Horse Julian Homony AutumnBuncomb Carters Blue Equinetelee Taunton WinterBen Davis Chattahoocbee Greening Etowah Hocketts Sweet Mangum Niekajack Romanite Shockley Stevensons Winter Yates Sauta Black Warrior 182GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 57 PEACHES Explanation of Columns1st Name of variety 2d Classfreestone or clingstone 3d Color of flesh 4th Season Sth Use Remaining columns denote the region etc AhbreviationsCtassF freestone C clingstone FleshW white Y yellow R red SeasonE early V E very early M medium L late V L very late Very early ripen from end of May to June 20th early from June 20th to July 5th Medium from July 5th to August 10th late from August 10th to October 1st very late from October 1st to November 10th UseF for family use only M the most valuable for market D the most desirable for drying Varieties not marked may be considered good for home use NAME Alex Syn Amsden Amelia Syn Stro mans Carolina Austin Beatrice Bustians October Baldwins Late tChinese Cling R E Lee Columbia Syns In dian Pace etc Crawfords Early Crawfords Late Darby Lemmings Septbr DufI Yellow Early Tillotson Eatons Golden Elberta Pruitland Plewellen Fleita6 St John Syn May Beauty Foster Grosse Mignonne Great Eastern Goodes October General Taylor Hales Honey Syn Chi nese Honey Heath White Syn White English O W W w W w v Y w Y Y Y W Y Y i Y Y W R Y Y W W K R W w w V E E V L V E V L V L E E M E M V L L E V E L M L E V E V E M M V L V E V E E M F M M M M MD M M M M D M D K REMARKS Quality very good bright color very profitable Very large very good Excellent Oetober cling Excellent below medium size fine color requires rich soil and thinning An excellent very late cling Good late freestone Excellent and large subject to rot Earlierthan its parent Chinese cling Excellent for all purposes variety Very good and standard market Variable rots in some seasons An excellent October cling later Similar to Lemon cling ripens month Very large early second quality Very desirable Superior cling for preserving Very large and handsome Good for its season Good early cling of Indian type variety Very good early excellent market Earlier than Early Crawford Good but too tender for market Very large variable in quality Very good late Indian cling Very good early cling Variable apt to rot in some localities able for Florida Very sweet blooms very early suit L M Excellent for preserving and market 18358 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PEACHES Continued NAME CO CD s CM o C 0 CO if D REMARKS CO CO 0 o si lJ 2 5 CO r 5 o O a a Z o Indian Blood Cling c R M M Very juicy and good LaGrange F W L Large pure white good Late Admirable F W M V Very goodtoo tender for market Lemon Cling Syn Pineapple C Y M M Superior Cling Louise Rivers F W V E M Very good ripens 1 wk after Beatrice Mountain Rose F W M M as Superior to Early York Muscogee F W M M Whitefleshd Columbia Good Newington Cling C W M SiSi Osceola F y L Si Good freestone of Indian type Old Mixon Ereestoe F w M m Excellent market variety Old MixonCligstoe C w M M Excellent market variety Picquets Late F Y L MD Best freestone of its season F W L M Very good September freestone tRivers F w V E F SHF Si Si Of best quality large size too tender for market Stump the World F w M M Superior market variety Susquehanna F Y M M Very large superior to late Crawford Snow F w M F Pure white good for preserving Scotts October C Y V L Good late cling Tinsleys Oct Cling c W V L Good late cling Thurber F w M Y Si Very large best qualit Tuskena C Y V E M Lemon cling June further trial Robinson 5 5 Seedling of Chinese cling Worthy of Adapted to Florida only PeenTo c W V E t Several improved seedlings of Chinese Cling have been introduced less liable to decay than the original The following new varieties originated by Mr Rivers of England are all inferior in quality to the Mountain Rose which ripens at same season viz Early Alfred Early Albert Early Silver Magdala Dr Hogg Prince of Wales LEADING MARKET VARIETIES IN ORDER OF MATURITY Alexander Beatiice Louise Hales Early Tillotson Fleitas St John Tuskena General Taylor Mountain Rose Foster Early Crawford Chinese Cling Old Mixon Free Susquehanna Elberta Stump the World Columbia Lemon Cling Muscogee Indian Blood Cling Picquets Church White Heath Cling Eatons Golden Baldwins Austin Darby Bustians LEADING VARIETIES FOR SHIPPING TO NORTHERN AND WESTERN MARKETS Alexander Fleitas St John Tillotson Crawfords Early Crawfords Late Elberta Stump the World Susquehanna 184GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 59 FOR FAMILY USE Add to aboveEarly Rivers Hales Yellow St John Amelia Mountain Rose General Taylor Cling Duff Cling General Lee Stonewall Jackson Chinese Cling Thurber Lemon Cling Columbia Old Mixon Cling Picquets Osceola Baldwins Late Heath White Demmings September Cling Eatons Golden Bustains Octo ber Austins Late Tinsleys October NECTARINES Explanations and abbreviations same as peaches NAME 3 a a o o bO a u o So O u 03 C CD M 5 o O CD GQ CD 3 O o REMARKS Boston Downtown Early Newington Early Scarlet Early Violet Elruge Golden Cling Hardwicke Hunts Tawny New White Red Roman Stan wick Victoria Y R R R R R Y R R W R Y R W Reports from every section state this fruit to be un reliable owing to attacks of the curculio APRICOTS Explanations and abbreviations same as peaches Breda Early Golden Hemskirke Large Early Large Red Moorpark Orange Peach Kaisha St Ambrose Royal Turkey Y Y R Y R R Y Y Y Y Y R Y R Y E E M E M L M M M M M L Trees are liable to be killed by spring frost Only desirable for city gar dens or where protected by surroundingbuildings 18560 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA POMEGRANATES NAME c o cSo 3 a p o a o So CD tH d 3 d o So a o O REMARKS The climate of mountain region is too cold to grow this plant Suitable for pot culture Acid NUTS Pecan Madeira or English Walnut Cobnuts and Filbert Japan Chestnuts Very prolific and desirable Succeeds well in Middle Geor gia Promising well 186GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 61 PEAES Explanation of Columns1st name of variety 2d season 3d use stock upon which the variety succeeds best remainder the region in which the varie ties are recommended AbbreviationsSeason and UseSame as those for apples StockQ quince S pear stock Where not marked the varieties thrive equally upon quince or pear a c So p C 0 5r C 0 NAME rj REMARKS c o a Q 03 o o P I 31 C 3 Bartlett S M s Good everywhere but subject to blight Belle Lucrative s S Good for family use Buerre Rose A S Variable as to soil Buerre Clairgeau A s Apt to lose its foliage Buerre dAnjou S M I Very good s Good Buerre Easter w s X A late keeper Buerre Gifford ES 1 Very early poor grower Buerre Langelier A Very fine in mountain region Buerre Superfine S M Excellent but rots at the core Buffum s Clapps Favorite s il s Very goodand fine color matures rapidly Doyenne dEte ES ft Good very earlybut small standdonly Doyenne Boussoc k S s Slow bearer Duchesse dAngle me S M Q Most profitable of all on quince Flemish Beauty S M s Good but liable to rot at core Howell S M xx Very good Lawrence s M s Large and finefine grower best on stand Louise Bonne de J ry S Variable as to quality ard Onondaga s M Vigorous grower good quality Osbands Summer ES Ott S Small but excellent and productive StMichael Archan gel S X it Fine grower good fruit Seckel S M k Slow bearer fruit best quality Stevens Genessee S Winter Neils w vx Best keeper LeConteStynChin ese table and market Pear S M s Valued in South Georgia very good for Petite Marguerite VE Seedling of Doyenne dEte and better Keiffer A 11 s Ml X Productive and valuable as to late pear Oriental type good Promising well Oriental type BEST VARIETIES FOR MARKET IN ORDER OF MATURITY On QuinceBuerre Gifford St Michael Archangel Buerre Superfine Howell Duchesse dAngouleme Seckel Buerre dAnjou On StandardDoyenne dEte Clapps Favorite Bartlett Belle Lucrative LeConte Flemish Beauty Buerre Clairgeau Lawrence Keiffer Buerre Easter and Winter Neils Oriental TypeDamio Mikado Garbers Mme Von Seibold Very pro ductive and valuable for canning and evaporating 18762 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PLUMS Explanation of Columns1st name of variety 2d color 3d class whether free or clingstone 4th season remainder region in which the varieties are recommended AbbreviationsColorR red Y yellow B blue G green P purple SeasonAs for peaches ClassC clingstone F freestone NAME Bradshaw Coes Golden Drop Columbia Damson Syn Blue Damson Duanes Purple Green Gage Imperial Gage Lombard Mogul Syn Morocco Monroe Orleans jnSmitbs Red Gage Wild Goose Nkwnanb DeCaradetjc Harpers Marianna Robinson Washington Yellow Gage Kelseys Japan O B P G G P B G P R R R Y R R R R Y Y P 2 rj REMARKS The curculio prevents the fruit from be ing raised to any extent Where spe cial care is taken to destroy the inseets the varieties marked are recommend ed The new varieties of the Chicka saw type are comparatively free from curculio and very prolific bearers Varieties in small capitals belong to Chickasaw type Promising well Promising very well 188GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 63 NATIVE GRAPES Kxplanation of Columns1st name 2d variety 3d season 4th use Remaining columns for regions etc AbbreviationsColorW white B blue or black R red PB pale blue SeasonE early maturing from beginning to end of July M medium maturing from end of July to August 15th L late maturing after middle of August VL very late maturing after middle September UseM market T table W wine NAME Type Labrusca or Fox Grape Brighton Catawba Concord Dehiware Diana Hartford Ives Maxatawney Moores Niagara Rerkins Rrentiss Worden Type sEstivalis Sum mer Grape Black July SynVev ereux Lenoir Long Syn Cungham Nortons Va Warren Syn Herbe mont Type Cordifolia Frost Grape Clinton Type Riparia River side Grape Elvira Missouri Reisling Noah Type Rotundifolia Muscadine Flowers Seuppernong Tenderpulp Thomas Eden O R R B PR PR B B W B W R W B B B PB B PB W W YV B W B PB B fc VL L L E L T W MW TW TM M WM T M M M T M TW W W W W W w TW W w w WT TW TW REMARKS Very good quality good bearer Less liable 1o rot than formerly re gaining its old standard Among our best varieties Besttabl vartyreliableslowgrwr Good quality good bearer shipper Good early variety for market Prolific and no rot Good variety shy bearer An early shipper Promises well Good bearer no rot second quality Suitable for amateur culture Larger than Concord Excellent shy bearer while young Rots in middle region Excellent for wine Good but not productive Good tor wine Apt to rot Excellent quality Good for red wine Reliable in the upper middle region Promising well Better than Elvira for white wine The latest of the type Most certain bearer good wine Pulps dissolving grape An excellent early variety Promising well 189 mmm64 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA NATIVE GRAPES Continued Hybrid Varieties Berckmans Duchess Goethe Syn Rogers No 1 Lady Washington Lindley Syn Rogers No 9 Merimack Syn Rog ers No 19 Salem Triumph Wilder Syn Rogers No 4 Irving Peter Wylie c g M if M a 0 o h 6 T 3 o f CD CO p 3 3 R U T W E T GW L T W M T R M T M B M M R M M W M T B M T W M T W M T a KKMARK8 Vigorous better bearer than Delaware Promising well Good late Stong Good One of the best of Rogers Hybrids Good White showy Good and gaining in favor Promising well Best quality promising well STEAWBERRIES Explanation or ColumnsFirst name second sex third origin fourth use fifth season remaining columns for regions etc AbbreviationsSexP pistillate all the others are hermaphrodite Ori ginF foreign A American UseF family M market SeasonE early V E Very early L late NAME y CD p C o CO n a 0 OS CD 03 a 0 CD C 3 a o a o Sb O i a 0 M CD U CO Q 3 REMARKS Charles Downing Triomphe de Gand Wilsons Albany Nunans Monarch of the West Manchester H 11 11 11 H 1J V A V A A A A M M M E L EL V E E L 5s Ml Good variable as to soils Very fine where it does not burn Best every report favorable Worthless in middle region valuable for immediate coast Size large and quality good Pistillated must be cultivated in alPromising well f ternate rows with Promising well other varieties 190GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 05 RASPBERRIES NAME c B B o O c bf M iC S i OJ a C3 c 3 O i 93 O REMARKS as Iap Varie ties Gregg Mammoth Cluster Schaffers Soughegan Class IIAmerican Red Varieties Cuthbert or Queen of the Market Turner Class III Hybrid of Foreign Ameri can Red Caroline Best of the black caps One of the best for midseason Late productive good shipper Very early Best and most reliable Good Good yellow productive BLACKBERRIES Kittatinny Wilsons Early MULBERRIES Downings Hicks Stubbs 5S Good flavor acid moderate bearer Inferior fruit very prolific recommended for Large very good poultry and hogs Rrincesse Sultana Hardshell ALMONDS Blossoms are liable to be killed by spring frosts Reports are unfavorable from the middle and mountain regions 19166 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA FIGS Explanation of Columns1st name 2d size 3d color 4th season remaining columns for regions eto AbbreviationsSizeS small L large M medium ColorW white or yellow G green B brown or reddish P purple or blue V violet Season E early M middle season E and L early and late c Sir rf 1 NAME l 9 REMARKS a 3 T3 7S Ij o M J Angelique Syn Early Lemon s w E Small good early Brunswick Syns Madonna Consple L p KL Very large and desirable Black Genoa M p M K Black Ischia M p M z Good Celestial S V E V Small prolific and desirable Rrown Turkey M B BL u Rest of all for middle region Brown Smyrna M B M Very good and prolific Green Ischia Syns White Ischia Green Italian M G M L tT h Very good Lemon M V M fi Good Violet Round M v M Nerii S w L Good Marseilles M w M Rather dry hut prolific CHERRIES Explanations and abbreviations same as Figs except color li red A amber D R daik red or nearly black Y yellow Y R yellow red NAME Belle de Ohoisy Belle Magnifique Blk Heart Warden Black Tartarian Black Eagle Carnation Coes Transparent Earlys Richmond May Duke English Morello c o C bf a l hi I 6 50 A ad c 3 33 6 M I R M M R M L D R E j L D R M L I R L M R M S A y M M R M L R E M R M UK MARKS 5 Very early Cherries are uncertain in middle region except in a few localities where good crops are sometimes produceI the Mor ello class being most desirable Trees should all be grown on Mahaleb stock 192GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY CHERRIES Continued 67 NAME Napoleon Roekport Reihe Hortense Governor Wood Baumans May Yellow Spanish C q d o o 5 f J 2 K D 1 0 j c 33 3 o T3 09 o GC w X s 3 R AR R R R Y REMARKS NAM E QUINCES c c r to c bL en a 4 2 t w a 3 O 3 S 53 REMARKS Angers Chinese Orange or Apple Portugal Raos Mammoth Fine quality preserving Succeeds best in Southwest Georgia good for Most generally cultivated Large and fine Quinces need strong clay soil They are unproductive in gray land JAPAN PERSIMMONS Dioftpyros Kaki It is almost impossible to give an accurate nomenclature owing to the confusion which exists in tiie collections imported from Japan These collections seldom contain more than twelve varieties yet when the trees bear fruit the same name is often round to apply to several distinct varieties or one variety has several names The best and most distinct varieties have been included in this list and with such synonyms added thereto as have been ascertained after several years trial and while no claim is laid to strict accuracy the aim has been to reach this as nearly as possible All the varieties are hardy in the middle and coast regions and occasionally in the mountain region 19368 DEPAKTMKNT OF AGRICULTU RKGEORGIA The fruit is usually of a bright orange red or vermillion the color being more or less intense according to variety and begins to color when half grown but should be allowed to hang upon the tree until just before frost is expected or in the case of early ripening varieties when fully soft If gathered before a frost there is a slight astringency next to the skin but this disappears after being kept in the house for a few days or weeks If allowed to he slightly touched by frost the flavor is much improved but it will then not keep many days It is therefore desirable to gather the fruit before frost if intended for keeping and then some varieties will keep until January or February The flesh is soft rich and sweet and with a slight apricot flavor The fruit should be eaten with a spoon Some varieties are apt to overbear and should have the fruit thinned so soon as set in April Trees are propagated mainly by grafting upon the collar of the roots and upon the native species Seedlings vary in size shape and quality but as the largest proportion are male plants and those which are fruitful apt to produce small and worthless fruit very little reliabiity can therefore be placed upon seedlings so tar as yielding edible fruit AmongRound flattened deeply ribbed dark orange red 3 inches by 2J aver age weight 7 ounces although specimens weighing 16 ounces have been produced very sweet and is edible while still solid maturity from end of September to November nearly always seedless CostataOblong and with blunt apex diameter 1 by 3 long average weight 5 ounces light orange yellow keeps very late and is not in eating condition until November or December tree upright and rapid grower HachiyaSynonyms Tomato Imperial etcUsually oblong and acute apex 2 by 3 inches long perfectly globular specimens are however quite as numerous as the former keeps very late HyakumeSynonyms Pound DaiDaiMuru Tanenashi Seedless etcLarge globular deep orange red average 3 inches in diameter weight 8 to 16 ounces keeps late nearly always seedless KurokumeVery large round somewhat flattened 3 by 3 inches average weight 10 ounces keeps late nearly always seedless MazelliSynonym MiyotanRound or slightly oblong slightly ribbed orange red average weight 5 ounces very prolific and of dwarf growth keeps late OKameSynonyms Oblong Hyakume Mikado etcLarge 2J by 3J inches oblong deep red nearly always seedless keeps late good grower ZingiThe smallest of the list nearly globular average 2 inches pulp quite dark very sweet and rich very productive matures during October growth dwarf KoTauruOblong and with a very sharp apex 2 inches by 3 long very pro lific keeps late 194NEW SERIES Circular No 98 fl REGULATI SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS FOR THE INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS IK GEORGIA Prescribed by J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture FOR THE SEASON OF 18878 ATLANTA GEORGIA Constitution Publishing Co 1887RULES AND REGULATIONS SEASON OK 18878 New Series 1 Circular No 98 Department of Agriculture Atlanta December 1 1887 The Commissioner prescribes the following Rules and Regulations for the Inspection of Fertilizers for the season of 188788 I Every package of fertilizer r chemical for manufacturing the same or for composting intended for sale or distribution within the State of Georgia shall have the manufacturers guaranteed analysis placed upon or securely attached to each package by the manufacturer If the fertilizer is in bags it shall be dis tinctly branded stamped or printed upon each sack If in barrels it may be either branded stamped or printed upon the head of each barrel or distincly printed upon good paper and securely pasted upon the head of each barrel or upon a shipping or other tag and securely attached to the head of each barrel In every case it must he distinct This manufacturers guaranteed analysis shall show the following determinations viz Moisture at 212per cent Insoluble Phosphoric Acidper cent Available Phosphoric Acidper cent Ammonia actual and potentialper cent Potash K20per cent If nitrogen in the form of nitrate is claimed the fact must be stated in the Request for Inspection II To facilitate the transaction of business any manufacturer dealer agent or other person who procures the inspection of a fertilizer after it is inspected and has the inspectors tag attached in compliance with law may proceed to make sales thereof before the official analysis is completed Provided he gives a written obli gation to cancel all sales in case the fertilizer is condemned by the Commissioner The Commissioner has uniformly held that if the guaranteed analysis shall include such of these five ingredients as the fertilizer or chemical is claimed to contain it will be a substan tial compliance with the law and the Rules and Regulations Some judicial decisions seem to indicate that this paragraph must be literally complied withthat the full list of ingredi ents must appear in the Guaranteed Analysis even if one or more of them is not contained in the goods As a matter of prudence it would be well for manufacturers to comply literally with the law in this respect The Commissioner will not change his ruling on this point un til constrained to do so by express judicial opinion or Legislative enactment 1294 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA of Agriculture This obligation is embraced in the Request for Inspection which must also set forth the guaranteed analysis according to the form therein prescribed and addressed to the proper Inspector The Request for Inspection must be made out and signed in duplicate and one copy sent to the Commissioner of Agriculture by the person requesting the inspectiou III Inspectors shall not furnish any tag or device to be attached to any fertil izer or permit it to be offered for sale or distribution unless the manufacturers guaranteed analysis is plainly placed upon each parcel or package before offering the same for sale or distribution claiming in the case of any Ammoniated Super phosphate that it contains at least eight per cent of available Phosphoric Acid and two per cent of Ammonia and of any Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone that it contains at least ten per cent of available Phosphoric Acid Neither shall any such tag or device be furnished or applied to any fertilizer that is in a damaged or unmerchantable condition IV Inspectors after collecting inspection fees and taking samples shall have applied under their personal supervision when practicable Inspectors tags one to each package ot fertilizer before the same is offered for sale or distribution Inspectors tags will have printed upon each the words and figures Inspected 18878Georgia also a fac simile of the signature of the Commissioner of Agri culture Whenever it is found to be impracticable for Inspectors to personally supervise the application of tags they may be delivered to the order of the person procuring the inspection In such cases Inspectors must avail themselves of all practicable means to satisfy themselves that the tags so delivered have been prop erly applied to goods that have been regularly inspected during the season indi cated Tags brought over from any previous season cannot be applied to new goods nor can they be redeemed by this Department V The Inspectors tag when attached or applied in compliance with law is a recognition that the fertilizer to which it is attached has the consent of the Com missioner of Agriculture to go to sale undr the conditions prescribed in Rules I and II above recited VI All inspections must be made within the limits of this State All fertilizers manufactured in this State for sale or distribution in this State must be inspected and tagged and the fees paid before leaving the mill or factory All fertilizers entering the State at Augusta or Savannah intended for sale and shipped on through bills of lading to points in the interior must be inspected and tagged before leaving said cities of Augusta and Sa van nah For the purpose of such inspection and in accordance with an agreement made with the railroads leading into the interior of the State from the said cities cars loaded with fertilizers will be detained long enough to permit a thorough inspection and the application of tags under the personal supervision of an inspector VII The following appointments of inspectors have been made for the season of 188788 The first named place following each name is the local office of such 130SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS 5 inspector The second named place will be the postoffice address and post of duty during the active business season LOCATION P O ADDRESS O T RogersSavannahSavannah 1 W MurpheyColumbusSavannah 1 H PateBrunswickAugusta Randolph Ridgeley WaynesboroAugusta A P WoolleyKingstonAtlanta W B JonesLa Grange Atlanta Whenever it may become necessary to facilitate the business of inspecting ferti lizers and transportation of the same the Inspector or Inspectors on duty at one point may perform any official duty at any point in the State Inspections can be made at other points in Georgia than those named above when necessary but if in such cases the fertilizers shall have come into the State at any port or station where there is an Inspector the necessary expenses of the Inspector in going to make such inspections and returning to his published post of duty must be paid by the parties procuring such inspections VIII In all cases of inspections in bulk at the factory the manufacturer his agent or the person shipping the fertilizer will be required to report to the Com missioner of Agriculture on the first tenth and twentieth of each month the ship ments of such fertilizer made during the previous period of ten days showing the brand number of tons the name and address of consignee date of shipment name of Inspector who inspected the bulk from which shipments were made and the inspection number of the inspection covering said bulk The object of this requirement is to enable the Inspector to subsequently inspect the same goods wherever found IX In all cases in making inspections samples must be taken by the Inspector in person He must provide such samplers as will penetrate to the center of the package and samples must be taken from a sufficient number to fairly represent the wholenot less than onetenth of the package in lots of ten tons or over and not less than onefifth of the packages in lots of less than ten tons X Manufacturers and dealers in fertilizers before making each shipment ot fer tilizers into Georgia for sale or distribution are required to notify the Commis sioner of Agriculture directly and also the Inspector at the port or place where the same is to enter the State in writing of such shipment giving the name of the vessel or railroad on which shipped the name of each distinct brand and the number of tons of each the number and kinds of packages and their weight the name and place of the consignee and accompany this information by a request for inspection in accordance with blank forms to be furnished by the Commis sioner Let this notice be timely to both the Commissioner and the Inspector It will facilitate business and result in advantage to those who give such timely notice XL As far as possible all fertilizers must be inspected at the port of entry or place where they come into the State Inspectors are required to be vigilant and see that none escapes Dealers in the interior of the State to whom fertilizers 1316 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA coming into the State at points where there arc no inspectors are consigned must give timely notice to the Commissioner of Agriculture and to the Inspector nearest the point where they enter the State and must be prepared to furnish the Inspector with the necessary guaranty and give all required obligations and to pay to him the inspection fee by the time the fertilizer arrives All persons in Georgia who expect to deal in fertilizers or have fertilizers shipped to them during the coming season for sale or distribution will please take due notice and make all necessary arrangements to meet the requirements of law promptly when the fertilizer reaches the State and thus save delay and embarrassment The law must be enforced and parties interested will greatly oblige by taking such timely steps as will insure its easy execution without annoyance to themselves or others XII An act To protect more effectually the planters of Georgia from impos ition in the sale of fertilizers etc approved February 26th 1875 provides in sec tion I That from and after the passage of this act it shall not be lawful to sell or offer for sale any fertilizer manufactured in this State or to bring into the State for sale and distribution any fertilizer manufactured beyond the limits of the State unless before offering for sale or the sale or distribution of the same there shall be an inspection and an analysis made of it etc Section III of the same Act provides for the punishment according to section 4310 of the Code of 1882 of any person selling fertilizers without inspection An Act to render more efficient and economical the inspection and analysis of fertilizers etc approved February 26th 1877 provides that Any manufacturer dealer or other person offering any fertilizer or chemical for manufacturing the same for sale or distribution in this State without having a brand tag or such other device as the Commissioner of Agriculture may require showing the analy sis thereof shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction of the same shall be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Revised Code of 1873 Section VI of the above cited Act approved February 28 1874 requires the Inspectors lo prosecute violators of thee laws The law will be rigidly enforced and the Inspectors held to a strict performance of their duties XIII The season for inspecting fertilizers will be from October 1st to Septem ber 30 XIV The method of analysis recommended by the recent Convention of Agri cultural Chemists held at Washington D C on the 28th of July 1880 with such modifications as were adopted by the Atlanta Convention of May 15 1884 and subsequent conventions of the same Assoiciation will continue to be employed by the Chemist of the Department in the analysis of all commercial fertilizers SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS OF FERTILIZERS It is of the utmost importance to the planters and people of Georgiato yourself and the Department of Agriculturethat your duties be well and faithfully per formed You are placed as a sentinel to see that the interests of ihe farmers of Georgia are wel guarded in their purchase of commercial fertilizers that they are 132SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS 7 protected from imposition in every purchase that they make and that the laws defining your duties and the regulations of the Departmeut are rigidly executed in every case You are in your official acts to render full justice to all parties The strict execution of the law and full protection from imposition to all farmers will not work injustice to any manufacturer or dealer In the discharge of your duty in addition to the foregoing Rules and Regula tions you are to be governed by the following special Instructions giving some details which could not be well set forth elsewhere viz 1 Fertilizers purchased outside of the State by a consumer or farmer in Geor gia for his own use and not for sale or distribution shall be permitted to pass with out inspection if the purchaser desire it provided it is sent directly to said pur chaser addressed or consigned to him personally and not directed to or passing through the hands of a commission merchant or third party You must as far as practicable report all such shipments to the Commissioner of Agriculture giving the names of brands the names and places of consignees and the number of tons and enter the same in your official record 2 You must not inspect any fertilizer till the person or firm desiring inspection has a Paid you in cash the inspection fee of 50 cents per ton for every ton to be inspected For which you must sign anddeliver a printed receipt according to blanks furnished you b Placed the exact name in full of the fertilizer to be inspected and the guar anteed analysis of the same upon each package c Tendered you a Request for Inspection on the blanks furnished for that purpose embracing an obligation to cancel and make null all sales which may be made of said fertilizer before the official analysis thereof is made if after being analyzed the Commissioner of Agriculture shall in pursuance of law prohibit its sale The request must also contain the guaranteed analysis corresponding to that placed upon the package You must not inspect any fertilizer if the minimum per centage of any of the valuable ingredients named in the guaranteed analysis is less than that required by law viz 8 per cent of available phosphoric acid and 2 per cent of ammonia in ammoniated superphosphaes or 10 per cent of available phosphoric acid in acid phosphates or dissolved bones Natural guano and fertilizers that have not been treated with sulphuric acid are not subject to this standard 3 You must require in each bulk inspection the names of each brand proposed to be shipped from such bulk and in every case you must report the names of brands and numbers with which the goods therein reported are identical in com position 4 Immediately after taking samples of any brand of fertilizer in the manner described in Rule IX of the Rules and Regulations they must be thoroughly mixed but not triturated or ground in a mortar or otherwise When samples are for warded to the Department for analysis they must be in the same mechanical con dition in which they are offered for sale to the planters in the State After the samples are thus thoroughly mixed you will from the mixture fill two glass bot tles common quinine bottles securely seal them with wax stamp your official seal upon the wax and then carefully and correctly label themone with a label 133DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA showing the inspection number name of the fertilizer inspected the place at for whom inspected and the date of inspection and the other with a label showing the number of inspection You must then deliver both in person to the Commis sioner or carefully box and ship them to him by express 5 You are required to keep in a book a full and accurate record or minute of every official act pertormed by you embracing in the record of each inspection the number and date of inspection name of the fertilizer or chemical by whom and where manufactured person resqusting and place to whom consigned and where where inspected number of tons inspected amount of fees received number of tags delivered how and when sample was forwarded the inspection number of identical brands samples taken from same bulk and such other facts as may be necessary to a complete history of the inspection 6 You are required to make a full and complete report on the first day of each month of the work done during the previous month on blanks furnished you for this purpose Report promptly to the Commissioner any violation of law The book of records or minutes is the property of the Department and must be neatly and correctly kept It must be filed in the Department with your final report made at the end of the fertilizer season Blanks will be furnished you for making all your records entries and reports and stationery for officicial correspondence Inspectors tags will be supplied to you on your requisitions freight prepaid and you must retain the cost of the same and all charges from fees received and pay the amount to this office at the end of each month The act of February 26 1877 requires you to pay over to the ComptrollerGen eral on the first day of each month all moneys received for inspection fees during the preceding month This must be done in whatever manner the Comptroller General may prescribe and you must satisfy the Commissioner that this duty has been performed before a salary certificate will be issued to you You are specially required to guard against any misappropriation of Inspectors tags or for any violation or evasion of the law or of any attempts to do so and make full reports to the Department of Agriculture You will be required to render a strict account of all tags issued to you and held liable to the treasury for the amount of fees represented by any tags not satisfactorily accounted for Any information you may need will be given at any time Instructions will be given promptly in any ease in which you may desire them or about which you are in doubt Inspectors will be held to a strict performance of all duties required of them by the law and the rules regulations and instructions defining their duties No neglect or irregularities in the discharge of their duties will be tolerated and perfect sobriety at all times is strictly enjoined J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture 134New Series Circular No 99 j DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga Dec 20 1887 It has been found desirable and necessary to formulatate and publish for the information of all concerned detailed directions for shipping fertilizers into Georgia and procuring the inspection of the same in ac cordance with law and the rules and regulations of this Department The following explanatory directions are therefore prescribed and will be observed 1 In case of shipments by railroad into the State at points other than Augusta and Savannah or coming in by sea at Savannah no change has been made in the details In such cases shippers a required to give notice to the Commission of all shipments and send to him a duplicate of all requests for inspection as heretofore Shipments by Railroad into Georgia at Augusta and Savannah 2 The shiper or his agent at the point where the Cars are loaded must accompany the shipping instructions to the forwarding agent with a separate request for inspection for each ear load This request will be attached to the freight bill of the car to which it refers The shipper must also mail to the Commissioner at Atlanta Ga a consolidated re quest for inspection covering the entire shipment and stating the brands number of tons of each and destination 3 Cars must be so loaded as to permit access to every bag of fertili zers without moving any This may be done in cars of small tonnage capacity by placing the bags on eiid with the lugs up In cars of larger capacity it may be done by placing the bags in tiers on each side the car leaving an alley way in the middle the lug ends to the middle This is an important detail and its observance will save time and labor to the inspector and the taggers and extra expense to the shipper 4 On arrival at Augusta or Savannah the train conductor will deliver the requests for inspection to the Agent appointed to receive them who will at once notify the inspector at his post and deliver to him such requests The cars containing fertilizers will be detained long enough at Augusta or Savannah to permit the inspector to sample and attach tags 5 Shippers or the parties liable for the inspection fees must make satisfactory arrangements with the inspector for the prompt payment of the said fees either remitting by mail or authorizing the inspector to draw sight drafts C Shipments by sea through the ports of Charleston Port Royal or other port outside this State and thence by railroad into Georgia should conform to the same details as if the shipments originated at Charleston Port Royal or other railroad point The shipper himself or his agent must furnish the forwarding railroad agent with the requests for inspec tion for each car etc 7 Manufacturers are earnestly enjoined to faithfully comply with the Rules and Regulations as contained in Circular 98 and the foregoing details Such compliance will save embarrassment delay and extra ex pense in case cars loaded with fertilizers should pass through Augusta or Savannah without inspection through no fault of the inspectorCircular No 100 New tieriest SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE E OF GEORGIA ZEOIES THE STEIEB 1887 SHOWING THE YIELD OF THE LEADING CROPS OP THE STATE AS COMPARED TO THAT OF AN AVERAGE CROP AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE AND OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST RE LATING TO THE AGRICUL TURE OF GEORGIA J T Henderson Commissioner ATLANTA GA CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE 1888Circular No 100 New Series SDPPLEIEHTAIJEP0RT1887 SHOWING THE YIELD OF THE LEADING CROPS OF THE STATE COMPARED TO THAT OF AN AVERAGE CROP THE AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE AND OTHER MAT TERS OF INTEREST RELATING TO THE AGRICULTURE OF GEORGIA RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEC 15 1887 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Georgia January 2 1888 COTTON The total yield compared with an average total yield as indicated by the reports of correspondents is as follows North Georgia 93 Middle Georgia 81 Southwest Georgia 85 East Georgia 84 Southeast Georgia 106 Making allowance for the difference in the relative proportions of the aggregate crop that are grown in the several sections the total yield of the entire State was about 84 per cent ot an average crop or about five per cent greater than the total yield of of 18867 This would give an aggregate of about 875000 bales of 450 pounds each as the total yield in the State CORN In 1886 the largest corn growing sectionNorth Georgiaproduced much the lowest yield compared with an average The present year almost the reverse is the result North Georgia reports as compared with an average a total yield of 91 Middle Georgia 88 Southwest Georgia 99 East Georgia 96 and Southeast Georgia 99 The yield in Middle Georgia was very mate rially reduced by the remarkable rain storms and overflows during the last days of July and the first days of August which resulted in the almost total destruction of lowland creek and river bottoms Making allowance for dif ferences in relative average total yields in the several sections as in the case of cotton the total yield of corn in the State appears to have ben about 94 compared with an average or ibout 13 per cent greater than the total yield of last year This would give as the total crop of the State about 30000000 bushels WHEAT The total yield of wheat for the State according to the July Crop Report of 139DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 100 average yield of There are unmistakable indications of a revival this Department was 87 compared with an average total yield indicating an aggregate production in the State of about 2250000 bushels The acreage sown to wheat last fall has slightly decreased as compared with the previous crop being 93 as compared with the acreage sown in 1886 OATS For several years the yield of this crop has fallen much below the average The total yield the past year was about 75 per cent of an average or 5 per cent more than the total of 188586 In the different sections the total yield was as follows North Georgia 85 Middle Georgia 58 Southwest Georgia 76 East Georgia 70 Southeast Georgia 85 for the State 75 The yield in bushels per acre for the respective sections in the order above named was 170 107 98 128 102 and for the whole State 121 bushels per acre The acreage sown in oats last fall is 77 compared with the preceding fall a reduc tion of 23 per cent The reduction is greatest in North Georgia and is due to the discouraging effect of the disastrous freezes of January which were pecu liarly destructive in this section MISCELLANEOUS CROPS Sugar CaneTotal yield of the State compared with an average is 86 average yield of syrup per acre 178 gallons SorghumTotal yield compared with anaverage syrup per acre 75 gallons of interest in this crop RiceTotal yield compared with an average 84 average yield of rough rice per acre 21 bushels Sweet PotatoesTotal yield compared with an average 76 average yield per acre 86 bushels Field PeasTotal yield compared with an average 81 average yield per acre 9 bushels PeanutsTotal yield compared with an average 84 average yield per acre 30 bushels TobaccoTotal yield compared with an average 89 average yield per acre 604 pounds MARKET PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS DECEMBER 1 The following were the average market prices December 1 of the crops named for the State Cotton 9 cents per pound corn 66 cents wheat 125 oats 58 cents rough rice 90 cents and sweet potatoes 46 cents per bushel sugar cane syrup 44 cents and sorghum syrup 31 cents per gallon hay 1420 per ton STOCK AND PORK The number of stock hogs in the State compared with the number Decem ber 1 1886 is 98 and the amount of home raised pork compared to last year is 94 being about 60 per cent of a full supply There is no falling oft in the number of stock hogs in Southwest and East Georgia and the indications poii t to increased interest and effort being made in these two sections of the State in stockgrowing generally excepting sheephusbandry which is everywhere languishing The total number of sheep in the State is only 88 as compared with last year Hog cholera is reported as having prevailed to 11 greater or less extent in many counties of the State but this dread scourge seems to be on a periodical wane Other kinds of stock have been unusually free from epidemics and other diseases 140SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 CONDITION OF FARMERS The reports show a gratifying decrease in the amount of farm supplies pur chased by farmers as compared with last year the total being 85 The amount of indebtedness of farmers is also less than it was last year by 15 per cent The general condition of farmers however is 98 a compared with last year This is chiefly owing to the disastrous seasons in Middle Georgia the largest and most populous section of the State North Georgia shows a considerable improvement 107 in condition Southwest Georgia is about the same 100 East Geargia an improvement 104 and Southeast Georgia a falling oft 92 It is remarkable however that the farmers in Southeast Georgia and through out the wiregrass portion of the State generally have for years past been in better condition than those of the remainder of the State CASH AND CREDIT The reports show the farmers throughout the State who have been compelled to purchase bacon and corn have paid the following prices Bacon average cash price 89 cents average time price payable November 1st 116 cents Corn average cash price 72 cents average time price payable November 1st 98 Assuming the average time of indulgence at four months it appears that farmers have been required to pay 30 per cent advance on cash prices ir bacon for the four months time which is equivalent to 90 per cent per annihn or 7J per cent per month The percentage paid on time purchases of corn was even higher amounting to 36 per cent for four months which is 108 per cent per annum or 9 per cent a month It would seem that the merchant exhibits a little more confidence or con science in the farmer who buys bacon than in him who buys corn These statistics have been gathered and these calculations have been made and pub lished for more than ten years past and yet in the face of such figures thou sands of farmers continue to pay these excessive prices It is not altogether the merchants fault that such prices are demanded In many instances the farmer could make arrangements to pay cash if he would The risk on such sales is exceptionally hazardous and the seller must charge such a percentage on time sales as will save him from loss at the hands of those who fail to pay or pay at the end of expensive litigation The true policj of farmers is 1 to produce their own supplies of corn and bacon or their equivalent and failing in this 2 they should either borrow the money with which to pay cash or make the merchant absolutely secure and demand living rates of credit See on page 24 an article on Homemade Fertilizers and Composts EXPERIMENTS WITH SEEDS The reports of the results of experimental tests of farm and garden seeds distributed by this Department which appear in this circular are unusually full and interesting The Spanish peanut and Kaffir corn have received an almost unanimous verdict ot approval from all parts of the State The Spanish peanut is not a new plant with a strange and heretofore unknown product but is simply a newly introduced variety of an old and well known plant and the product or fruit is familiar in its uses Farmers therefore are able to form a reliable judgment at once upon its merits Among the many new varieties and occasional new species and sometime entirely new plants the seeds of which have been distributed by this Department none has given more satisfaction to farmers than this peanut The reports show a degree of enthusiasm in their approval which is gratifying This particular variety matures its crop so quickly and is adapted to such a wide range of soils that it can hardly fail to greatly aid in solving the problem of porkraising in Georgia The area devoted to its culture next year will doubtless be greatly extended 141TABLE No IConsolidation of Supplemental Crop Report for 1887 NORTH GEORGIA Total Product comprc wifh an average Average Yield per Acre Average Price December 1 1887 Miscellaneous COUNTIES a c o o a u o o o S j d l i c c o 62 y 43 ft X Ml 3 a Q o ft 0 ft s o o 3 1 fcOl a u O O 3 U V ft C a a 3 a ft v o 5 c il Vt 5 35 i 2 r ft o 5 S a OS x If 3 p 33 P CD a a o3 O a If 3 c 3 Z 53 3 j O g GO S 6 01 2 3 w it z j fi 3 S V 0 s ft 3 V x 5 ft5 a z fi i 3 gw c S v sfft i 3 43 b Si ft5 I1 O c fee 5 3 J 3 5tH atoosfl Clint tooco 300 87 87 82 95 90 80 60 100 105 S7 95 100 100 31 125 25 22 21 20 15 21 21 17 15 25 25 0 5 02 0 2 02 116 S 5 S7 llll 9 5 70 4o 50 52 111 50 55 53 05 S5 Ml 02 85 00 70 00 87 100 31 11 50 35 30 17 40 o ill 100 00 105 101 SO 20 55 00 50 100 75 97 82 05 100 III 120 60 100 00 102 SO 05 110 S3 115 01 60 7 Ml 75 no 40 65 100 Kill 87 110 105 115 07 125 52 95 87 oo 65 00 05 115 110 1113 107 125 100 101 so ioo GO 87 03 S7 SO 00 70 100 00 1115 110 0311 850 110 110 050 000 110 13 2 122 1011 iso 112 11 0 70 57 70 68 62 60 60 62 10 80 05 87 Cobb 1001 110 90 110 lull 135 100 SO Dade Dawson Fannin so Flovd Frank I in 90 110 87 100 in 83 110 85 80 92 95 75 71 95 115 75 75 70 75 30 27 3 0 31 30 i 5 30 30 17 10 10 17 17 10 18 17 15 10 ii 0 5 0 1 96 90 94 12 9 5 70 50 50 07 01 70 55 73 ioo 88 SI 00 100 87 10 100 so III 13 45 40 15 40 57 ioo 98 107 85 SO 110 so 00 63 80 50 50 20 00 100 75 100 02 80 100 100 120 00 87 OS 100 02 100 105 125 100 43 90 75 50 30 80 90 100 00 95 91 90 101 70 100 87 03 97 111 85 110 105 110 105 83 100 Ml 95 Ml 87 75 83 97 iiri 110 100 s3n iiV TO 50 01 65 75 00 70 711 95 880 11 0 900 107 75 Gwlnnett 100 Kill 110 90 00 00 100 0 80 100 Hubcrshani 100 Hall 050 100 900 125 120 110 90 100 100 75 30 6 90 70 00 50 100 100 100 75 110 75 100 75 800 110 05 90 Murray 95 SO 110 SO 32 30 10 12 92 17 47 00 77 100 311 10 103 100 GO 50 95 100 112 110 S3 95 105 100 83 00 100 soo 145 11 0 55 05 75 90 105 100 w w H w C Q Q d tr H a I c w c HO 100 125 110 113 30 27 20 26 20 10 90 96 50 50 45 50 75 90 100 90 30 15 13 40 110 75 105 90 50 50 50 115 110 11 100 120 125 137 110 50 75 87 100 100 100 93 100 120 140 SO 100 50 60 125 75 120 100 120 100 50 105 125 800 125 125 150 110 155 75 60 88 ib 110 Polk 90 113 100 102 fob 95 iob 20 2o 22 26 9 6 96 46 50 74 so 33 35 95 80 30 56 101 75 95 115 75 99 110 50 69 86 ioo 93 107 ioo 107 87 SO 85 111 ioo 88 85 900 iM 9 50 110 g5 115 11 60 65 6b White Whitfleld 75 93 H 2 7 16 9 3 50 n 8i Baldwin Bibb Butts Campbell Carroll Clark Clayton Columbia loweta DcKalb Douglas Elbert Jt Fayette Fulton Greene Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones Irwirr Lincoln MeDuffle Meriwether Monroe Morgan Newton Oconce Oglethorpe Pike Rockdale Spalding Talliaferro Taibot Troup Upson MIDDLE GEORGIA 0 11 3 72 100 90 83 70 92 92 25 78 113 10 93 833 105 73 93 d tr1 H K t1 W d C S3 85 si 80 75 70 85 IH7 80 100 2 ill 90 100 65 70 90 90 90 SI I 120 100 103 100 20 37 50 50 87 30 90 60 100 100 55 25 97 88 1H7 90 60 100 10 110 95 100 1110 si 80 7S 87 80 95 100 67 89 95 92 75 81 110 100 75 100 87 85 36 110 101 107 38 111 I12 115 100 90 30 50 2 48 1 11 i 0 50 100 70 110 lull 100 800 850 8W 900 1050 900 850 sbo 00 110 iio 115 115 110 112 11111 00 97 817 107 S00 100 879 11 11 s00 110 866 106 850 1011 350 LOO S00 95 800 100 833100 Sireiio 925107 800110 925 11 0 900 100 800 100 S25 10 0 892 9 750 10 0 900 li 70 80 85 s 85 85 85 87 100 82 SI I 85 93 90 93 100 100 1117 100 85 75 92 90 90 85 100 87 88 100 95TABLE No IContinued MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued Total Product comprd with an anr age Average Yield per Acre Average Price December I 1887 Miscellaneous COUNTIES o o z c ft 8 o 03 i s c c 9 6 s o O o ft CO d 0 d 3 p o ft d o O o 13 2 0 ft d o o 7j X GO X d M 55 a Ih 0 ft I oi O a s O ft 5 a c R i C s ll DO Si ll 0 5 u C 2 E S y SB ftp CO a a u v a c3 x p a c z A u a 5 2 p b E c 3 is 11 T 03 a ft rz 5 OS 03C of o 013 5 5P c 3 OSS 03 0 a b S3 c K 0 c H tag 9J ll 1 n C g c 5S p j d Si 3 Warren 90 71 82 17 29 16 9 0 91 91 75 63 100 83 60 62 62 101 103 100 111 100 113 37 65 75 03 100 100 KM 88 97 97 100 75 787 817 105 108 70 66 92 Wilkes 99 95 38 89 99 98 10 5 70 s 88 36 97 91 68 107 59 88 72 89 92 823 90 80UTHWEST GEARGIA 84 98 101 95 43 20 1070 1200 89 912 17 80 88 7o 60 100 92 100 80 100 50 75 93 100 105 105 82 95 100 100 80 100 960 900 125 120 70 90 95 100 90 100 35 1000 90 50 75 100 100 15 65 105 85 100 85 850 102 60 90 10Ml 80 ro 7 100 110 90 95 AS ioO 100 30 5V6 40 32 20 1201 soo 800 soo lUK 1500 92 9O 85 90 85 87 60 50 111 65 60 75 101 11 56 60 65 55 00 ioo 85 75 IOO 110 110 75 100 80 ioo 100 98 ioo 00 125 ioo 105 85 ioo 100 50 65 110 33 SO 75 100 95 100 95 100 120 iio 100 121 ioo 110 80 90 100 50 75 90 110 ioo 95 100 ioo 110 100 96 95 80 75 80 100 sOll 850 850 800 100 120 180 115 105 100 125 80 75 75 70 Si 80 100 100 125 100 86 100 Crawford Decatur nooiv Early 95 85 110 100 10 40 1250 800 91 00 70 65 110 50 75 125 ioo 100 110 110 110 75 50 75 100 75 125 100 100 75 100 800 825 100 120 70 75 90 100 w s a H C Q W 11 O d t1 d to si o 60 70 Kill 80 85 100 100 115 100 90 95 50 25 37 40 40 37 1000 800 900 1000 900 1000 90 82 85 92 93 90 50 60 70 711 CO 55 125 125 65 75 50 60 60 70 100 100 90 80 50 100 80 110 60 150 100 100 100 115 102 125 100 75 75 65 90 75 100 75 125 75 85 100 100 100 so Kill 92 80 75 90 100 60 85 800 11n 900 800 8511 950 110 120 12 5 100 115 120 Miller 100 40 100 LOO 75 75 95 100 70 to 70 65 100 90 100 105 Mitchell no no 25 07 100 Schley SO 87 80 75 105 95 100 95 100 85 30 30 10 27 950 933 800 1200 950 87 86 90 87 87 67 47 50 75 72 105 55 50 60 50 02 95 07 100 80 88 92 75 75 110 99 100 75 100 75 115 100 82 53 60 75 85 63 07 75 90 60 85 85 95 95 95 80 117 100 65 80 105 120 50 86 115 100 102 150 135 mi 80 75 98 100 67 85 800 910 900 800 850 879 127 123 115 110 125 115 70 75 75 77 73 100 Webster Wilcox Worth 100 125 85 99 37 1000 89 62 119 60 99 100 Bulloch Burke Dodge Emanuel llascoek in Jefferson Johnson Laurens Montgomery Pulaski Richmond Screven Tatnall Telair Twiggs Washington Wilkinson Average EAST GEORGIA 100 86 85 96 90 78 80 110 100 100 90 91 100 100 100 100 105 75 lib 100 90 SO 3 6 0 32 1 0 30 2 3 5 3 5 30 sb 42 30 3 15 10 8 73 10 10 15 8 7 8 125 83 10 96 3 6 98 8 9 8 5 9 9 2 9 85 90 9 0 9 6 8 8 92 8 2 60 116 150 107 100 0 108 94 98 89 100 68 84 104 88 80 850 80 800 105 1 100 87 75 100 90 750 95 800 90 05 LOO 71 916 800 125 125 LOO 89 120 130 125 102 L50 12 0 120 100 870 118 115 100 85 125 100 105 100 no iob 108 100 90 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Clinch Coffee 100 206 95 95 lib 103 50 30 30 10 To 12 90 75 75 88 60 75 75 100 26 78 100 90 105 lib 100 50 iob 93 100 75 100 100 iob 106 100 75 97 105 iob 101 100 75 88 9O 105 120 125 7 75 S75 100 100 G tr1 fef El OTABLE No IContinued SOUTHEAST GEORGIAContinued Total Product comprd with an average Average Yield per Acre Average Price December l 1887 A7fMKOs COUNTIES 6 o o o d u o o u a o 2 s k O 3 6 6 3 ft 3 3 3 C rO u p P o ft 3 ft o o u 5 a o u 3 ju 3 9 IX O si 3 so 3 ag a p p i cc 3 a o Su o 03 53 aj o o E 3 c 0 7 a 0 a t CO dOT X 5 o 3 5 5 3 S3 Em is is g pS o k a 3 K 1 33 3 i 3 5 ft 50 a on g t o g b to to ftJd 32 So e5 s c v M 3 2 p K a t 3 S c 1 o O 3 i ftt p w x J i ftp S3 g 5 g z 90 90 76 80 100 no 25 1 0 1 0 8 8 13 68 80 60 100 90 75 78 50 75 90 511 100 7 75 65 100 10 80 110 00 110 90 10 60 105 80 110 J30 125 130 70 75 80 Glynn Liberty 82 75 60 90 80 90 75 100 100 Mclntosh 97 180 101 100 2 5 11 102 8 7 70 75 74 65 16 68 83 103 105 67 100 105 70 96 85 916 126 76 105 Wayne 7 93 98 73 92 77 72 126 77 11 99 34 101 936 96 SECTIONS North Georgia Middle Geergia Southwest Georgia East Jrnri Southeast Georgia Average for the State RECAPITULATION o Si C pa Q a S3 c Ed Q 93 91 2 7 1600 9 31 56 095 40 93 56 95 99 69 98 107 85 101 85 950 11 5 05 81 88 3 6 9 72 915 68 1 7 59 88 72 99 95 38 89 89 92 99 9 823 105 711 85 99 i 1000 j 62 1 li 60 99 88 i 101 63 85 100 80 101 85 867 11 J 7 SI 3 980 H 90 70 1 08 64 1 98 89 100 OS M 104 87 103 87 s07 11 8 o 106 99 3 1 1020 8 75 71 66 1 25 68 58 7 77 93 94 98 98 73 62 88 88 92 98 85 KM 101 72 85 936 889 126 11 6 72 90 95 1112 900 86 Oil 100 100 95SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 il REPORTS ON SEEDS TESTED REMARKS OF CORRES PONDENTS ETC NORTH GEORGIA BanksThe Spanish peanut has been a success also the Peterkin cotton which is fully 40 per cent of lint William M Ash BahtowHawkins cotton a failure Jones cottonfine yield but seed rather large Bearing Small Seed cotton seed small lint good fine yield Spanish peanut a splendid variety Dent corn good and very early Kaffir corn splendid for chickens CatoosaThe farmers are in easier circumstances than they have been since the war By diversifying their crops raising stock trading and living within their means it is a rre thing to hear of a farmer that wants to borrow money Chattanooga Tenn being a manufacturing and mining city gives North Georgia a home market tor everything the farmers can raise This with cotton as a money crop and raising our own supplies explains it all Let North Georoia develop her minerals etc and the country will prosper J B Henderson Catoosa anil Viker counties are much improved in finances The people at large are almost o it jf debt A I Lekt ChattoogaSpanish peanuts did well as well as all other seed received W P Tapp CherokeeThe Spanish peanut and melon seed did well M S Paden Don t think Kaffir corn will pay except for poultry Stalks too coarse for forage unless sown broadcast Common Sorghum excells it E M Messler CobbSpanish peanuts done well they are very prolific Kaffir very good Jumbo watermelon very fine Kolb Gem not so good Peerless cucum ber very prolific Turnip seed very fine Joness cotton seed three weeks earlier than the Bob cotton Jos Martin Several members of Mars Hill Club Acworth report satisfactory results for Spanish peanuts yield good on poor land and Joness Eureka cotton A S Orb Secretary Dade1 have grown Texas millett on about J of an acre this year The yield was enormous Milch cows and mules cannot get better early forage I shall plant extensively next year for early green forage Can cut it on good land three or four times G W Stewart FranklinThe watermelon seed sent me were as fine as I ever saw and the Spanish peanuts were good 1 dont think I ever saw anything equal to the Eureka cotton J B D McWhorter 14712 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Spanish peanuts yielded finely easy to cultivate and easy to gather best way to gather Run a plow furrow on each side pull up the vines very few will remain in the ground and put them in barn pick oft the peas at odd times and feed vines to stock Kaffir corngood forage The Flour corn excels anything I ever saw for forage as well as makes good yield of grain J R Sewbll Gilmer Very little cotton is raised in the county farmers are improving their stock very little in debt with a years provisions ahead the outlook is good for the county apples have rotted worse than common some insect is injuring the trees all over the county would be glad fur any suggestions N h OSBORN Gordon success Spanish peanuts a success Millo Maize too late Kaffir corn a Aaron Roff Small ExperimentsI planted J acre in Spanish ground peas yield 8 bushels about the same in Kaffir corn2 bushels seed I planted some Spanish tobacco but failed through ravage of insects a small plat of Millo Maize which was very satisfactory for forage though rather late to mature seed in this section it is as near droughtproof as any other annual planted a small patch of treebeans which I consider a profitable crop when the fall is favorable for gathering so as to be saved in good order most excel lent table beans for winter use The above trials were all made on thin land without any fertilizers N B Hall Spanish peanuts are a success more for early maturity in North Georgia Kaffir corn will yield more grain than any cereal and on a small scale has been tried for bread and is a good substitute for coarse flour O H Davis GwixnettThe seeds distributed by the Department have given general satisfaction Kaffir corn gave satisfaction Beats Millo Maize in this climate common sorghum cane better than either J M Pool Owing to destruction of the corn crop by the floods amounting to at least 120000 bushels in the county and the loss of pork hogs the farmers are in a worse condition than I have ever known them Generally they are paying up preliminary to making a crop in 1888 with supplies from the West to a larger extent than usual J T Baxter HallThe Spanish peanuts 4 lbs sent us from your department were planted 18th April harvested September 8th yield 274 lbs or 10 940 bushels of good sound nuts Cost of cultivation 300 Soil loamy deposits 40 per cent sand by mechanical washing A 1 for fattening hogs The cotton seed from your department as follows Jones Eureka 6 lbs of seed planted yielded 313 lbs in the seed Dearings small seed 3 lbs of seed planted yielded 123 lbs in the seed Hawkins 3 lbs of seed planted yielded 118 lbs in the seed These varieties grown on same kind of soil and the fertilizer used the same in kind and quantity Each variety nearly thirded itself The cotton crop this year in our section has exceeded the most sanguine expectations The 148SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 Missouri yellow dent 1J lbs from your department and the Cuban J lb gave us no satisfaction We gave tbem the same cultivation and care as our common variety of corn It is true the excessive rains somewhat injured the corn crop but the length of cob whiteness of grain and the weight of the ear commonly grown in this section cannot be improved by the introduction of these foreign kinds The Kaffir corn 3 lbs we had no opportunity to plant We reserve it for next year A G Jennings Sons The cotton seed did no better than common kinds hero The Spanish peanuts very fine each package 1 lb of seed made nearly two bushels Kaffir corn verv good and the flour makes a fine flavored bread W E Wallis JacksonEureka cotton fruited well with large bolls Spanish peanuts yield wellno empty hulls all filled withpeas The Kolb Gem watermelon very good large and sweet Kaffir corna good soiling crop yields a good crop of seeds which ripens in July and then puts forth new shoots and con tinues to grow until frost Missouri Dent a good early corn making a large ear for early corn Mammoth Cuban about the same in earliness and quality Jefferson Jennings Missouri early pro G M D Moon Spanish peanuts are the very thing for this section lific is the earliest I have tried and will suit as well MurrayCuban corn did well Dent corn poor Kaffir corn did not mature Spanish peanuts good D Jackson As is very common some cheat has been found in the wheat rye and oat crops this year as to the cause there is much differences in opinion some farm ers are very positive that cheat is produced from each of the three wheat rye and oats others contend that like produces like and that whatsoever a man soweth that shall he also reap If such change does take place is there no preventive or remedy The facts can be ascertained and all may avail them selves of the remedy Perhaps well prepared soil and pure seed would do much the farmers should test the facts so that one opinion prevail H Heartsell The idea that wheat oats or other cereal grain changes into chess or cheat is certainly an error Chess is a distinct species and genus from our cultivated grainsCommissioner PauldingSpanish peanuts proves good Thirty bushels on ordinary land with three hundred lbs compost per acre Kaffir corn twenty bushels per acre makes a good dark lively bread and a good paying crop would not be with out it P P McBrayer PickensFarmers are paying their debts better than usual Labor is high common farm hands from 80 cents tol per day The country is in good con ditionlargely owing to the marble works which give employment and good wages to all who will work L J Allrkd 14914 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PolkYou will notice my general report is good especially the conditions of fanners This is due to several reasons 1st Economy 2d Great care in the seection of seed especially cotton seed 3d Closer application to work 4th The splendid fall for gathering We must thank your Department for the great improvement in seed Peterkin Jones Eureka Hawkinsand Peerless are all very fine All will make a bale of 500 pounds from 1400 pounds seed cotton Peterkin will make 500 pounds lint from 1850 pounds dry seed cot ton Will be able to plant my entire crop from these improved varieties Jno O Waddell RalsunThe Spanish peanuts do well here I would like to have more of them if seed is good Tobacco did not do well and plants were too late You cannot get a good cure on late tobacco To succeed you must make the tobacco in the patch and be sure it is well ripe before cutting The Kaffir corn 1 think will be a success I planted the package that you sent me and raised half a stand about two bushels and sent half a bushel to a mill making fifteen pounds of Hour It is the best substitute for wheat flour I ever saw Some of my neighbors who have tried it say it would be hard to detect in the dark from wheat flour and is about as dark as rye F A Bleckley The seeds sent were of no account except beets and Kaffir corn The latter I planted on different grades of land It grew and produced good heads on land that would not have produced a barrel of corn per acre I should judge it will produce double as much grain as corn on the same land Edward Sitton TownsHogs are all fat enough for pork from feeding on forest mast J N Gibson WalkerI find sweet corn sent out by you a most valuable crop to raise For the table it is much better than the common varieties Planting very thick on fertilized land yields an immense amount of forage which is relished by all stock I find nothing better for keeping up the flow of milk during the latter part of summer and in early autumn I feed both stalk and ear tomilk cattle For constant use several plantings should be made from the middle of April to the middle of July j A Clements The Spanish peanut deserves all the praise that has been bestowed by other correspondents A hundred pounds of kainit spread broadcast over clover produces results equal if not superior to the same amount of superphosphate used in the same way of which 1 reported so favorably a few years ago J J Broylks M D Kaffir corn on old upland lightly manured yielded not less than twenty five bushels of grain per acre On rich land it did not do so wellsuckered t0 much J T Wood Kaffir corn did well I think it good for sheep The Spanish peanuts did well also Peterkin cotton is too late for this county F M Young 150SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 15 Hawkinss Dearing small seed and Joness Eureka cotton did no better if as well than common cotton Kaffir corn Hollis melon and Spanish pea nuts arc good Cuban and Yellow Dent corn almost worthless J T Kilpatrick Secretary WhitfiBLDHohis melon fine Missouri Dent corn very prolific for an early corn Kaffir corn and Cuban corn not so good The Dearing cotton very fruitful and tine staple but rather late finest crop year in a long time R F Dantzler Secretary Seeds sent all did well especially Spanish peanuts I made 3 bushels from the little package 1 pound you sent me and the vines make a splendid forage I had some red peanuts planted but they did not do nearly so well The Kaffir corn did well can it be ground and used for bread Yes See other reportsCommissioner Dearing cotton bolls small moderately prolific matures early Hawkins cottonvery much mixed forms numerous but many dried up without mak ing bolls Jones Eureka cotton medium bolls later than either not very prolific Cuban corn will do for early roasting ears but unfit for field crop Yellow Dent is larger and later medium ears firm heavy corn Kaffir corn matures in three to tour months good for stock and poultry I planted from 2 packages the crops varied a month in date of maturity Are there more than one kind Spanish peanuts give satisfaction A B Johnson MIDDLE GEORGIA I never have made an entire failure in oats The first rain after Baldwin l new I cutmy oats I plant peas There are three ways to plant them and I hardly know which is the cheapest It is the fastest way that I know of to bring up poor land and I sometimes get a good stand of volunteer oats By this plan the land grows better every year and you get two crops per annum and if followed in cotton will beat any amount of guano per acre H C Vinson ButtsCorrespondents do not give names of varieties of seed tested CampbellSpanish peanuts are a grand success second only to corn and cotton H N Cochran ClarkeKolb Gem melon has given good satisfaction as a market melon Jones Jumbo tor sweetness tor redness of flesh and delicacy offlavor stands unrivalled but not large enough for market Spanish peanuts remarkably pro lific and early but too small Yellow Millo Maize gives entire satisfaction The Flour corn which is extensively planted in this section is a fraud except R T PlTTARD for torage ClaytonKaflnr corn is a splendid forage corn grows finely on poor land Will plant it more extensively next year The Spanish peanut is a good varie ty It ripens early yields well and is easy gathered W P Jones Kaflnr corn is a good thing Spanish peanuts are fine two crops can be made on the same land the same year C J Stanfield 15116 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The Spanish peanuts are the best I ever planted The Hawkins cotton seed sent me give good satisfaction also Jones Eureka Jonesjumbo water melons and also Hollis improved rotted before ripening Cuban corn did not do well Missouri yellow dent did much better A P Adamson Joness Jumbo is much the better melon and is ten days earlier ihan the Kolb Gem besides being larger The yield of Spanish peanuts was enormous I gathered two and a half bushels from the little package 1 quart of seed sent me Little trouble to cultivate The tops good forage Kaffir corn did not do well got very lousy during the wet weather and grew very little afterwards No merit in Missouri Dent corn except earliness Albert Johnson ColtjmbiaThe Kaffir corn was planted while planting cotton which was later than it should have been and worked alike left it about 8 inches in drill with two or three stalks to the hill it averaged at least 50 bushels per acre allowing 50 lbs to the bushel Am confident that it would make 75 bushels per acre by planting in March in good new ground fresh land and working it rapidly The fodder is better for stock than the common fodder Stock and fowl eats the grain greedily B Cliftt If the Department had done nothing more than to distribute seed of Millo Maize and Spanish peanuts it were a great blessing to the farmers of Georgia Some rank the former next to oats and report the yield of Spanish peanuts as wonderful J A W Coweta Why is it that our farms are not selfsupporting Can we not make our own meat and bread Let us look to ourselvessee that we are right and turn away from those who are sapping the very foundations of our homes our lives and our libertiesthe gamblers who set the price on our cotton before we make it and the usurer who by oppression fills his coffers bjr the sweat of the honest laborer Can we not lift these burdens that have been borne so long and with so much patience Let us no longer countenance usury and whisky venders Make our own supplies at home and we then may look for peace and prosperity at home Wn A Smith ElbertThe low heavy headed variety of Kaffir ripened about three weeks earlier than the tall variety and succors shoot out beginning at top as the principal head ripens I have saved the whole stalks thinking the suc cors with their seed will bo valuable for forage I obtained the seed of this variety in the county and that of the tall single head variety from your department Syrup of the Kaffir stalks is quite unpalatable The corn is eaten greedily by all stock The opinion prevails that red top sorghum seed are nearly as valuable as grain or the Kaffir seed while the stalk is very val uable for syrup If farmer can manufacture sugar from sorghum at home by comparatively inexpensive aparatus it would almost solve the problem Sev eral practical farmers here are using the Amber sorghum as their principal forage crop B C Smith The tall singleheaded variety alluded to is not Kaffir but is probably 152SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 17 Millo Maize Kaffir is not a sugar caneis not recommended for syrup mak ingCommissioner I am very much pleased with the Spanish peanuts I do not like Millo Maize when I can get Kaffir corn I believe the Kaffir corn will take the place of the Indian corn to a very great extent as all kind of stock like it best So soon as our farmers learn the value of Kaffir corn then the North west will have to rind another market for their corn B H Heard DeKalbI think the Spanish peanuts are one of the greatest blessings of the farmer They will make as much or more food than corn and with half the labor Tobacco does very well and there is more money in it than cotton Kaffir corn is a good thing as it makes an immense quantity of feed and a good bread W H Carter With Kaffir corn Spanish peanuts and sorghum sweet potatoes and field peas there is no reason why the Georgia farmer cannot raise pork as cheaply as in any portion of the United States I had twentyfive hogs driven up a few weeks ago that will average 200 pounds each and if they ever cost me a dollar a head I never knew it or felt the expense The crops named and Ber muda grass are at home in the South will bear great neglect stand long drouths and will revive with the visitation of rains and give a generous return T J Flake GreenThe Peterkin cotton is a good varietya longlived and vigorous grower and requires planting early The Spanish peanut is the very best variety we have The jumbo watermelon is good but not as good as the rat tlesnake or Kilpatrick Kalbs Gem is the hardiest and most vigorous grower Kaffir corn does well so do African millet and millo maize Aug N Asbury I am pleased with the partial test of the Spanish peanut It will prove very valuable in this section James M Griffin M J HancockSpanish peanuts are a success Tobacco does well but few plant it Have none of Kaffir corn Millo maize is valuable I have never seen anything that surpasses the Spanish peanut for prolific ness and ease of harvesting and shall abandon all other varieties in future can make two crops in this climate in one year J W Curothen HarrisI planted 370 hills of Spanish peanuts on poor grey land with a sprinkl of about three bushels of phosphate compost Estimating an acre planted 2x2 feet the yield would have been 89 bushels better than those grown in rich garden A neighbor got like results Tobacco Neighbor ONeal says we can mature 20 leaves of tobacco to a stalk here against 12 in Virginia Millo maize Planted it three years Most wonderful green forage product I ever saw in rich soil Kaffir corn Pressly Huff say it beats all for stock and poultry People poorer by observation complaints stealage skippage and slippage 15318 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA There is not much exaggeration in the following Negro tenants make 4 to 6 hales of cotton white 6 to 9 The latter rents 30 acres and hires a mule and a negro eighty dollars and feeds him on time rations He pays two bales rent one for guano three for negro and a small one for the mule How much is left for feed of the mule till June and clothing and food for his family Eight out of ten white females do cooking eight out of ten negro women do nothing but tramp Average renters work only about six months of solid days in the year average day hands only about three months of solid days Make vagrancy include every one that works less than three days in a week and our jails would not hold them or we would maeademize every road in the county From September to December a man is compelled to the double duty of prayer and watchfulness and cannot keep up then I see a writer in the Atlanta Constitution says the farmers alliances of Coweta county expect to go to paradise Where else would he have them go If he were to see the above he would go into ecstacy But we have one chance left let him go read what Christ told Johns disciplesthe poor have the gospel etc G A B Dozier Test of farm and garded seeds Kaffir corn planted in April easily culti Tated gave three cuttings of ripened heads before frost yield per acre at the rate of sixty bushels of clean grain fiftysix pounds to the bushel Spanish peanuts planted July 1st cultivated by one hoeing and one plowing one fur row to the row Harvested in November Yield per acre of sound nuts eighty bushels J B Pate Spanish peanuts were given to Mr Geo W Blanton He is wonderfully pleased with quality and productions and says will never grow any other variety His favorable opinion is a very strong endorsement as he has been raising peanuts since he was kneehigh to a duck In fact he got his start that way and he is now a substantial young farmer F Hargett Jr HeardThe Kaffir corn Dent and Missouri corn and Spanish ground peas did well The latter turned out beyond any reasonable expectation J B Ware HenryThe Spanish pea did well where they were not planted too early The have but little or no advantage over some other kinds It has been a good year in our section for all kinds of ground pea J M McDonald Kolb gem melon fine grows large four or more to vine Spanish peanut spendid fi r hogs and cattle rkot so good for man being too small The negroes and farmers generally are doing less work than I ever saw at thisseason J H Stallworth JasperOf Jones Prolific Big Boll Hawkins Prolific Dearings Small Seed and common cotton the firstnamed gave fully onefourth greater yield than either of the others and I believe it is the best cotton I ever planted The Spanish peanut has proved a success Willis Newton JonesThis report shows the condition of the farmers of Jones county not 154SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 19 to be as good as last year It should not have been the case They have made fair crops of everything excepting small grain The truth is the farmer purchases too much and spends more money than is necessarytoo much credit extended by the factors and the farmer borrows more than he actually needsand with so many nonproducers and idle persons white and black who have no regular home or fixed employment but have to live and do live it is not surprising that our farmers do not prosper R T Ross LincolnThe Spanish groundpea is the best thing of the kind I have ever grown No trouble to grow one hundred bushels to the acre J M Dill As far as I have heard from the Spanish groundpea it has given universal satisfaction It is conceded to be earlier and more prolific than any other and it is sweeter and more palatable It is here to stay Mlllo Maize and Kaffir corn will both hold a position as necessary crops among our farmers in the future for which the Agricultural Department is entitled to the credit N A Crawford McDuffieThe Spanish peanuts sent me did well A neighbor from one acre of poor pine land gathered over fifty bushels Best peanut ever grown in our section very early and easily gathered The Kaffir corn I do not think will take well kind of scrub growth and irregular in heading and maturing The fowls are very fond of the grain and shall plant again in order to giveit a fair chance H McCorkle MkriwetherI made three bushels of Spanish peanuts on 119 of an acre of white land prepared as for cotton rows three feet apart and 150 pounds compost used When the vines are pulled up not more than one per cent of the nuts are left in the soil The tops are good food for cattle Kaffir yields well but do not know how to utilize it J H Williams Kaffir corn made a fine crop It is splendid for forage comes in early Two acres will make more fodder than six acres of my old fashioned corn J L Hamby Kaffir corn made a fine yield Spanish peanuts are still the favorite Jones cotton did well herndon and Peterkin makes the best yield and finest lint of any cotton we have Dent and Cuban corn did not do much early drouth made a failure I know of of an acre in sorghum cane that made 49 gallons of good syruP B S Clements MorganThe Kaffir corn sent by you did remarkably well Stock very fond of it Also the Cuban queen corn with such forage as Kaffir corn Millo Maize Indian corn Bermuda and crab grass hay all are easy to raise I dont see why we cant raise stock here as well as any where in the world and I am glad to be able to say that this county with the present ratio of increase of horses and mule colts will in a few years supply to a large extent the local demand J T Newton NewtonNames of varieties tested not given Hence report not avail able Comr 15520 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA OconeeSpanish peanuts made a fine yield can be gathered with less labor than the large kind large tops make a good forage Kaffir cora makes fine grain and also makes fine forage W E Elder Sect OglethorpeThe Spanish peanut is the most prolific and in every respect decidedly the best ever introduced in this country James 1 Green PikeThe Spanish peanuts did well Can make two crops a year The Kaffir corn makes nice flour but did not feed to stock Think forage corn green better I am trying to let up a little on cotton and am raising some colts Am well pleased with the prospect so far As to condition of the farmers I am truly sorry to say that it is not at all hopeful As a class I think they are getting worse off every year There ae of course notable exceptions being thse for the most part who raise their own supplies instead of the allcotton system E W Rose RockdaleSpanish peanuts have been extensively planted in our county this year and with a lew exceptions all speak highly of them as they are verv early easy to gather very prolific and have scarcely any pops in them Patrick II White TalisotI tried your tobacco it did well far superior to any other plantd in this county Spanish peanuts did O K Splendid for hogs Nothing better Joness Eureka cotton turned out remarkably well L B McCrorey Spanish peanuts are quite an acquisition Lucerne should have a place on every farm I have a lucerne patch fifteen years old that is still yielding good Rye is the most profitable forage crop Sow two bushels seed per acre cut when in bloom and cure D G Owen Spanish peanut cant be beat Dont want any other kind Peterkin cot ton is an excellent kind S N Freeman TaiiaferroAm satisfied that Spanish peanuts and Kaffir are both valua ble crops especially the peanut as it does not require very fertile soil or much culture I weighed 1503 pounds of Peterkin cotton in seed which yielded 567 pounds lint and weighed about same amount of common cotton which yielded 475 pounds lint I raised the Spanish and Georgia groundpea I think the Spanish more prolific and better quality Several of my neighbors raised Millo Maize this year All speak well of it as a forage crop I have never seen anything equal the flour corn for yield of cornand forage Saml J Flynt UpsonThe Golden Dent and Cuban corn proved extra early for roasting ears Will not do here for field crop The Spanish groundpea is a fine thing to plant in corn middles at last plowing to fatten hogs The vines when made into hay are fine for horses mules and cows A J Yates Without doubt Middle Georgia and I believe all of Georgia can raise all the stock needed The cowthe handmaid of the farmeris everywhere bred 156SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 21 by the poorest and costs as much as a mule With the Spanish peanut peas and nubbin corn plenty of pork can be raised T J Middlebrooks Undoubtedly Middle Georgia and I believe all of Georgia can and ought to raise all of her stock for the cow one of the handmaids of the farmer is raised by the poorest farmer for which it cost kim as much as it would to raise his own mules and with the Spanish peanut cornfield pea and nubbin corn the farmer can raise all tbe pork the farm needs Cows for milk arid butter hogs for pork mules tor work and cotton for a surplus should be the farmers motto T J Middlebrooks WaltonThe Kaffir corn seed were planted on a rich and well pre pared soil I do not think it worth the time it takes to plant as a forage crop and the yield of seed too small to be renumerative I have tried two varieties of Millo Maize both of which are good for green feeding neither will cure for hogs J E Nunnally Fall sowing of oats is a thing of the past Cotton seed oil mills are a curse to the country Tenants croppers and onehalf the land owners have sold their cotton seed instead of utilizing them on the farm But half crop of wheat sown Should the crop be short in northwsst somebody will pay dear for biscuit naxt fall Spanish peanuts are growing in favor with farmers J M Gresham WarrenSorghum is on a boom More made this year than ever before and the area will be doubled next year Sheep raising is almost a fail ure The old curs got nearly all of the sheep D W Rogers Spanish peanuts did well and advise all farmers to plant them Kaffir corn no good do not want it Millo Maize as good as I could ask for have planted it for six years and will continue to plant James A Shitbbs SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerThe Cuban corn you sent me is the quickest variety I have ever seen It was ready for use on the table in less than 90 days after it was planted Am pleased with Spanish peanuts W L Curry Spanish peanuts a successfar superior to other varieties no pops yield good Kaffir corn well adapted to the hot dry summers of Southwest Georgia Jumbo water melon fine variety for home use and for shipping G E King BerrienFarmers are generally better up with their business than usual and seem to be a good deal more energetic in farming work than ever before H J Parrish CalhounPlanted of Kaffir corn two rows 184 yards long Made three pecks first crop and good second crop Splendid for horses cattle and poultry Daniel McMillan ChattaiioocheeDearing small seed very prolific a good variety Joness Eureka also fine yields well Hawkinss cotton large boled and pro 15722 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA lific excellent Kaffir corn not fully tested but we recommend it as a forage crop We wish information on cultivation and harvesting of the crop for for age We think the Spanish peanut has no equal in our country P M Jones for Jamestown Grange No 165 ColquittThe Peterkin cotton is equally prolific as the best varieties 1300 pounds seed cotton will make 500 lb bale every time and herein is the cocanut that contains the milk The Spanish ground pea is fast growing in favor in this latitude They ought not to be planted before June Will be ready to turn in on by 1st October Planted earlier they will sprout in ground The Spanish ground pea is a jewel to the farmer F J Walker DecatukI planted about second week in April and gathered the second week in August at the rate of 100 bushels per acre and planted July 1st and gathered December 1st yet I believe they could have been gathered a month earlier The Spanish peanut is the best hog crop that can be raised in Georgia W B MoDaniel DoolyI cultivated this year one acre in cotton using 800 pounds of Geo W Scott Cos Gossypium on land that had been in cultivation nine years and I housed from the one acre 2853 pounds of seed cotton Simon P Odom DoughertyThe Spanish groundpeas are very prolific and well suited to this climate can make two crops a year J L Dozier HoustonIf the corn raised in the county could be distributed there is enough raised to supply the county Tax Collectors do not take down the num ber of bales cotton made or number of stock or anything of that kind The Legislature ought to pass a law requiring the Tax Receivers to do all of this kind of statistics W J Anderson The mammtoh Dent corn was not so good as I expected 11 is very early has large ears but rots badly The Kaffir corn is all that was claimed tor it early very prolific and makes more and bettei forage than any other plant I ever tried J H Culler IrwinThe corn sent me Golden Dent and Cuban did well and premises to be of much value as an early crop also the Spanish peanuts are doing well and farmers prize them highly The Peterkin cotton is considered the best cotton for our section It grows finely and fruits well Jams Paulk LowndesThe Spanish peanut is all that has been claimed for it very fruitful easily cultivated quick growth J A Dasher Jr MaconFarmers are badly in debt and are very much disheartened The Spanish ground pea is the very thing for this section Any farmer can raise them and have plenty of pork J B Murry MarionEqual weights of slag and cotton seed meal were carefully mixed Also equal weights of acid phosphate Seven pounds of each mixture were 158SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 23 applied to cotton of different varieties in 3 feet rows 35 yards long on very old poor land The results were as follows 4 rows Peterkin cotton mado 8 lbs 4 rows Bearings small seed made 10J 4 rows Jones Eureka made 9J 4 rows Willimantic made 11J 4 rows Hawkins Prolific made 11J 4 rows No manure made 4 Two rows of each were fertilized with slag and meal and two each with phosphate and meal The slag mixture made j pound more than the acid phos phate mixture I tried these mixtures on corn and peas and did not discover any difference in the results G W 0 Munro MitchellThe Spanish ground pea has been raised by some with fine suc cess making over 50 bushels per acre in addition to a quantity of cow food surpassing anything grown here J B Twitty QuitmanPlanters are far from bping easy owing to short crop and low prices which prevailed until much of the cotton was marketed There is per haps enough corn for home consumption or nearly so J E Smith RandolphWhat is the best plan for preventing land from washing As to the condition of our farmers I think we are steadily improving adding a little year after year in our home and farm economy I think the agriculture department a potent factor in bringing about these results R T Crittenden Terracing is now believed to be the most effective engineering device against washing The Commissioners will suggest the cultivation of grass as the most economical remedy and preventive in connection with terracing Grass lands do not wash Grass will stop washes TerrellThe Spanish pea has given general satisfaction and our county is well supplied with seed and a great many will be planted another year Small farmers are in good condition and small farms are in good demandsell ing from 6 to 8 per acre No demand for large farms E G Hill I have tested the Spanish peanuts and like them Do not like millo maize Jones excelsior cotton is fine Ivory wheat is superior to Kaffir corn Elijah Belflower ThomasSpanish ground peas do remarkably will in this countyno better though than the old kind The advantage in the former is that they mature early and allows the early starting of hogs which all know is a great advant age E L Neel Farmers are at a stand still or rather going down hilla majority of them If some plan be not devised by which farmers can get money on easier terms they will go to the foot of the hill It is a gloomy prospect for many of the farmers of this county L H Player 15924 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORG1 A Websterlam more than ever impressed with the importance of planting all crops early and working rapidly as possible Late crops have been almost a failure with us this year I think the Spanish pea a good thing to raise for hogs Reason A Bell WorthI fied that the Spanish peanuts you sent me matured so much earlier than the common kind that mine sprouted in the ground before I gathered them I believe they should be planted late P Pelham You should have either gathered at once or turned hogs upon them Two crops may be grown as other reports showCommissioner I think Kaffir corn is one of the best forage crops a farmer can plant I made at the rate of 110 bushels of seed per acre It is a good food for all stock The Jones Eureka cotton did well yielcing at the rate of 950 pounds seed cotton per acre and ten days earlier I do not think very well of the Spanish peanuts but every farmer to his own notion about seeds My notion is to keep out of debt Plant corn and cotton and raise all the bacon possible W A Hall EAST GEORGIA Dodqe1 gave the package of peas sent me to one of my neighbors He thinks them the best pea that can be raised in this part of the State as they are prolific and easily gathered have been raising them myself for two years and think them superior to the old kind The Peterkin cotton sent me is the best variety I have ever seen it yields ten per cent more lint than any other I have seen I M Buchan EmanuelThe farmers of this county taking all things together are in a good condition As a general thing they own the farms they work and they are paid lor Before the war we were poor and owned but few slaves and consequently our children did the farm and housework Now these children are the owners of the soil They are educating their children to live at homo and board at the same place E W Lane il I GlascockThere is some increase in this county in the raising of home supplies to what it was in 1886 especiallyin pork and syrup There has been this year the largest crop of sorghum syrup ever raised in this county The Spanish peanut has proved well and beneficial to all who have planted and cultivated thorn They will yield on ordinary land fifty bushels to the acre and I am satisfied that more pork can be fattened on one acre of them than one acre of anvthing else I could cultivate Seaborn Kitchens JbekeksonThe Spanish peas are quite a success Our county has made perhaps more than an average crop of corn and cotton S M Clark I have tried the Spanish peanut this year and find them far superior to the old kind in one respect that is they bear full and are easily gathered They will not do to plant where rogues abound as they are so easily gathered E A Tarvkr Nearly all writers on agriculture advocate and all experiments demon strate the necessity of diversified farming to the well being of both the farm 160SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1827 25 er and the farm yet many of our farmers are slow to realize and slower to utilize the principles which it developes The continual growing of the same crops in the same soil depletes it so rapidly of the elements of plantfood that it is impossible to keep it up to a high standard of fertility without an extrava gant outlay for artificial fertilizers but by growing a diversity of crops in ro tation with occasional fallowing nature will do a great deal to keep up the fer tility of the soil and save the farmer much expense in supplying fertilizers J F Adkins JohnsonSpanish peanuts have been tried and are universally liked Kaffir corn is well thought of If you could furnish some grasses that would grow in gray pine land I will give it a trial J H Hicks LatjrensSpanish peanuts are a valuable acquisition as is also Kaffir corn If you can do anything to prevent the sale and use of commercial fertilizers it would do more good than prohibition It has almost bankrupted cur county That in connection with farmers buying provisions and plow stock all of which can be raised at home in great abundance Dr J T Chappell PulaskiMillo Maize and Kaffir Corn neither considered valuable as tood crops where we can grow oats rye barley millet corn grass etc The Span ish ground paa is growing in popularity easy to cultivate prolific and easy to gather They make excellent food for horses cows etc Pull up vine and all and cure three days A vast improvement in the condition of our farmers un doubtedly exists and is especially noticeable among negro tenants who make a censideraljle part of our farming population Conservative business nun attribute this mainly to the good effects of prohibition prevailing with us now one year They have come to town less worked more spent less paid debts better dressed better looked better and felt better J P Brown RichmondThe Spanish peanuts received from the department did well They do well on light land The Missouri corn did not yield as well as our home raised seed corn The Kaffir corn did well The Peterkin cotton seed is thought to be the best ever introduced in this sectio The seed yielding a larger quantity of lint than other varieties A W Rhodes ScrivenThe Spanish peanuts have been cultivated some with line results The county agricultural society is doing nothing E B Gaoss TelfairI have tried the Millo Maize and Kaffir corn Do not think that either would be profitable in this section The Spanish peanuts are quite a success By planting them in March they will mature in time for an early start with hogs and will fatten them or give them a start for the common fieldpea which is quite an item in this section Wm P Wili iams TwigosFrom the product of a few short rows planted in Kaffir corn I think it worthy of extended cultivation Everybody pleased with the Spanish pea and adopting it It is a godsend H S Wimbirly Kaffir corn the most remarkable growth withstands drouth remain ing perfectly green until frost and yielding wonderfully Stock of all kinds fond of it poultry and pigeons like it a valuable accession to farm pro 16126 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA ducts Spanish peanuts will in a short time supersede all other varieties If planted early will produce two crops F D Wimbkrly WashingtonSpanish peanut very prolific Kaffir corn for green forage excellent for cured heads equal to ear corn as a cured forage consider it a failure J C Harmon Spanish peanuts give satisfaction W A Swelling WilkinsonStock law has been adopted in a portion of this county hence a decrease of all stock Stock laws so far as I have seen means no stock instead of no fence J A Mason TelfairDearing cotton superior to Hawkins Kaffir corn the best forage plant you have sent us in several years We are delighted with the Spanish peanuts because they are so easily cultivated and harvested and so productive SOUTHEAST GEORGIA LibertySpanish pinders do so well here that there is a great demand for the ensuing year Kaffir corn seems not to do well though the dry weather struck it before we could test it good Kolb Gem melons not worth planting as they invariably have a hard place in them Cuban corn too small to be profitable J O Davis Jr GlynnThe Spanish peanut seed from the Department proved a success I planted them side by side with the African peanut and treated them alike The former turned out two for one of the latter I am satisfied that two crops of the Spanish peanut can be grown the same season Jno R Dorsfinger EffinghamSpanish peanuts seem to do well here so far as tried The Hollis melon seed received from you have done wellmellons very fine red and sweet Amos E Rahn Burt oats furnished me a few years ago is the best oats for this country for a sure crop p R Tarver CoffeeI have given the Spanish peanut a fair test on sandy land and find them to be far ahead of the groundpea known as the oldfashioned pin der both inflavor and productiveness The Kaffir corn did well also the Alaska peas Owing to drouth turnips are almost a failure Joseph Bailey When our farmers learn to make an ample support at home independent of foreign markets they will live better have more money to invest in lands stock etc They will have to plant larger provision crops and less cotton before they can make farming a success here J P Poffoed ClinchThe Jones Eureka cotton is fine Dearings small seed not so good a yield the Hawkins cotton is good but not so good as Eureka The Spanish peanuts have a fine top for feed a good many small halfpop and full pops as peas Fully considered do not amount to much L C Mattox CamdenThe garden seed sent me did generally well The Spanish ground pea did tolerably well The Kolb Gem and Jones Jumbo watermelon almost a failure The few watermelons of Jumbo were good though small E A MoWhorter 162SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 27 HOMEMADE FERTILIZERS AND COMPOSTS The Commissioner has frequent inquiries for the best formulae for making composts on the farm To meet these inquiries an article which originally appeared in Circular 38 of this Department issued February 16 1883 is here reproduced in part with some additional suggestions From Circular No 38 Feb 16 1883 While pea vines and lime furnish the cheapest and most effective means of restoring fertility to worn soils and of maintaining it in those not yet exhausted the compost of superphosphate and kainit with stable manure and cotton seed furnishes beyond question the most economical manure the Southern farmer or planter can apply to his crop from year to year Besides supplying plant food in the best and most available forms the com post exerts a mechanical influence upon the soil not produced by the plain commercial fertilizers Either the compost or the pea vines will supply all the ammonia needed in our soils the composts for special manuring of crops and the pea vines will furnish ammonia and humus to the whole soil It must not however be understood that ammonia is the only important element of plant food supplied by these cheap sources of fertility On the contrary they supply all of the elements of plant food Some of these however exist in such small percentages that very large quantities of the substances must be applied to supply these elements in sufficient quantities for the production of maximum crops The principal deficiency is in the percentage of phosphoric acid con tained in pea vines and stable manure This is supplied by the addition of superphosphate in the compost at the time of putting it up The pea vines may be manured with superphosphates and thus at the same time supply this essential element ot fertility to the soil and increase the growth of vines to be returned to the soil A comparison of the analyses of the Southern field pea with that of clover which has been used as a soil improver so long shows very slight dif ference so far as either their feeding or manurial value is concerned It is not necessary to speak of the value of stable manure and cotton seed as manure Their value is known to all who till Southern Soil FORMULAE FOR COMPOSTS If the stable manure and cotton seed have been protected from waste by exposure to rain and sun the following formula is recommended Stable Manure650 pounds Green Cotton Seed650 Superphosphate 00 Making a ton of2000 pounds 16328 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA If the compost is intended for use on soils particularly deficient in potash the proportion of cotton seed and stable manure may be reduced 50 pounds each and 100 pouodi of Kainit used instead The formula would then be Stable Manure 600 pounds Cotton Seed green 600 Superphosphate 700 Kainit 100 Making a ton of2000 pounds These ingredients may be varied in proportions to adapt the resulting com posts to different soils or crops but either of the above will be found to give satisfactory results on every class of soils and on all of our cultivated crops To the above it may be added that if the quantity of stable manure available for composting is either relatively greater or less than the proportions indicated in the above formula the proportions may be disregarded without detriment to the value of the practical results The point to be kept in view is to preserve approximately the relative pro portiong of the three elements ammonia phosphoric and potash This may be substantially accomplished by preserving the relative quantities of cotton seed acid phosphate ana kainit as given in the second formula This would give about one per cent of ammonia and threefourths of one per cent of potash for every five per cent of phosphoric acid The addition of stable or lot manure in whatever quantities would not materially alter these relative percentages but would simply reduce each jn abut the same ratio and to the extent of such addition If decorticated cotton seed the kernels of the seed be used instead of the whole seed use half the quantity If the meal be used reduce the quantity to onethird of the weight of cotton seed in the formula given These substitutions in the quantities suggested will not materially alter the relative proportions of the three elements but will make a more concentrated fertilizer Directions for CompostingSpread under the shelter a layer of stable manure four inches thick on this sprinkle a portion of the phosphate next spread a layer of cotton seed three inches thick or onethird as much cotton seed meal wet these thoroughly with water and then apply more of the phosphate next spread another layer of stable manure three inches thick and continue to repeat these layers in the above order and in proportion to the quantity of each used to the ton until the material is consumed Cover the whole mass with stable manure or scrappings from the lot one or two inches thick Allow the heap to stand in this condition until a thorough fermentation takes place which will require from three to six weeks according to circumstances dependent upon proper degree of moisture and the strength of materials used Whon the cotton seed are thoroughly killed with a sharp hoe or mattock cut down verti cally through the layers pulverize and shovel into a heap where the fermen 164SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 29 tation willbe renewed and the compost be still further improved Let it lie for two weeks after cutting don it will then he ready for use The following plan ot mixture gives equally satisfactory results Mix the cotton seed or meal and the stable manure in proper proportion moisten them with water apply the proper proportion of phosphate and mix thoroughly shoveling into a mass as prepared There is some advantage in this plan from the fact that the ingredients are thoroughly commingled during fermentation For CottonApply in the opening furrow 200 pounds and with the plant ing seed 75 or 100 pounds making in all 275 or 300 pounds per acre If it is desired to apply a larger quantity open furrows the desired distance and over them sow broadcast 400 pounds per acre bed the land and then apply 100 pounds per acre with the seed For CornApply in the hill by the side of the seed one gill to the hill An additional application around the stalk before the first plowing will largely increase the yield of grain If the proportion of stable manure be greater or less than stated in the for mula increase or diminish the quantity applied peracre accordingly Farmers can save much of the immediate profits on sales of fertilizers if they will club together and buy from first hand in twentyton lots and up wards the ingredients required to wit acid phosphate cottonseed meal and potash salts If purchased in bulk that is unsacked the saving will be one dollar per ton on account of sacks There is no mystery whatever in mixing or manipulating fertilizers A farmer can mix the ingredients substantially as well as the manufacturer A single ton of acidphosphate containing 13 to 14 per cent available phosphoricacid should not cost delivered at any depot in Georgia more than 1400 cash and freight from Savannah Charleston or Port Royal In larger lots the price would be proportionately less A single ton of cotton seed meal can be purchased at the oil mill for 20 to 22 or less and carload lots for still lower prices Kainit is worth by the single ton at the ports 12 to 14 etc Suppose the following Acid phosphate 1400 pounds 900 at ports Cotton seed meal 450 pounds540 at mill Kainit 150 pounds100 at ports Total 2000 pounds1540 Now add freight from Savannah and the cost will sum up from 18 to 20 per ton Such a fertilizer would analyze about Available phosphoric acid 900 Per cent AmmoniaL80 PotashL00 10530 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA FOEEST CULTUEE The prevention of the wasteful destruction of our forests and the adoption of some system by which the demand of our immediate posterity for timber may be supplied is a subject which is now attracting much attention It is a very proper field for investigation by this department since the reduction of the forest areas of Europe and other long settled civilized regions of the erath has been observed to aftect very materially the climate and meteorology and other conditions vital to agriculture With a view to excite a more general interest in the subject among the farmers of Georgia the Commissioner requested Miss E L Howard to prepare for publication in this report the following article WHY SHOULD FARMERS BE INTERESTED IN FOREST CULTURE To answer this question we have before us the experience and testimony of the farmers and civil engineers of the Old World that destructive drouths floods burning winds and desert places are the result of the destruction of their forests So strong is the belief in the necessity ot preserving large forest areas and rewooding a certain percentage of open lands that large sums of money are expended by each European government to this ednot only for their immediate kingdoms but also for their colonies Schools are also established for especial training in the science of forestry That we cannot do neither have we need of especial training in that linebut we can profit by the method in Switzerland of leaving to each canton the care of the forests within its own borders Agriculture is so dependent upon the preservation of large forest areas that the elaborate systems of forestry for the Old World are placed under the supervision of the Ministers of Agriculture We have our Minister of Agriculture and our State Commissioner of Agriculture Why cannot each State take care of its own forests We need facts and statistics If printed questions were sent out to the farmers of each State on the subject of Forestry from its own Agricultural Department similar to the questions now sent from the Agricultural Department of Georgia con cerning crop areas and the answers embodied in the Crop Reports we whould then have facts and statistics gained by practical and local observations When the farmers thus have attention calledto the subject they can then combine for practical action Our Government spent large sums of money in opening the mouth of the Mississippi river Could that expenditure have been avoided Listen to what Capt Eads while inspecting his work two years ago said to the eminent writer Joaquin Miller We have begun at the wrong end Dipping a bucket of the muddy water There cried the great engineer there is a mixture of onetenth Missouri onetenth Illinois onetenth Iowa one fraction Kentucky and so on through about fifteen States with an addition of five 166SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1887 31 tenths of pure water As I told you we have begun at the wrong end But the country is not educated up to the point of the beginning It wants the other end for wheat and corn It only wants the mouth of the river kept open so as to be able to sell its corn for the present generation and leave the next generation to look out for itself The other end of the river has drowned out this end State after State is going to be drowned out until some day the coral insect may again build his pretty castles where the people of Iowa are now digging wells for water The United States is tearing out her very heart with her gang plows and dumping it into the sea sir He also said if the leaves and grass were left lying on the ground at the proper time of the year as Nature the hand of God placed them there would never be any damage from high water at any time and that there would never be any need of Eads jetties Need we spend money that we may the quicker tear out our hearts with gang plows Let us begin at the right end Let but the farmer begin by looking at his own wooded pasturehis newly cleared field and then at his worn out field gullied and seamed by the action of rain and frost and he will see plainly written before him in miniature what is taking place on a stupendous scale all over the world If he keeps the hills in wooded pasture he sees cool moist soil in summer under the leafy branches of the trees and in fall and winter a warm coating from the same leaves acting first as a break against the denuding effects of rain and frost then by gradual decay giving the hungry earth the food she cravesthat she may again feed the roots helping in the good work by binding the soil and support ing the trunks and branches that resist the piercing drying winds The wooded hills are to him what our wooded mountains are to our States and what our chains of mountains are to our Continent Georgia has an area of 58950 square miles 47 percentage of the whole in forest 22 per cent in farm land and a river basin area of 27000 miles 54 per cent of which drainage goes into the Atlantic ocean We must have drain age or suffer from stagnant water but may not part of the necessary drainage be by distribution not by overflows What more simple and more perfect method of holding and distributing our rain fall than that furnished us by nature in leafy trees and well kept grassy meadows This idea of distribution is most clearly expressed by the greatly lamented Mr A R McCutchen of our Agricultural Department In speaking of weather reports he says The average rain fall may be just what was needed yet no crops made the average may be made up of a succession of floods and drouths And so it is distribu tion which is the most important condition Of the 50 inches of rain which falls in a year the proper distribution of 6 inches would insure excellent crops So the preservation of the woods is the salvation of the farmer This may seem paradoxical to the farmer who lives in a well wooded locality and has more tree growth close to his fields than he knows what to do with and must spend his hard earned money to rid himself of the trees shading his crops but let him imagine what would be his situation if he could return to the now well wooded country one hundred years from the present time Eortu 16732 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA nately no such strain upon the imagination is neededhe has but to look a little further than his own fieldstravel on the railroads through his own State and if not so convinced of the necessity of the preservation of our timbered lands let him sit quietly in his arm chair read the daily papers and think what can be the reason of so many freshets Why are we so much more troubled with devastating floods than we used to be when I was young If he can lind a different cause than the wholesale destruction cf timber we have begun and will not keep his discovery a secret to himself he will be the great benefactor of the civilized world Farmers do not themselves work up timber but if they remember their wag ons mowing machines horse rake etc were made of wood that once grew oiit of the soil they will appreciate the statement of Mr Martin Conrad of Chicago who has had an experience of twenty years in wagon making In September this fall at the American Forrestry Congress in Springfield he said It is but a few years ago that Chicago drew the bulk of its whiteood supply from the State of Michigan while today that great timber State in common with ourselves draws on Tennessee and other Southern districts for this valuable wood Oak at that time was so abundant that it could not be profitably shipped by rail to Chicago from outside a radius of a hundred miles whereas today Arkansas and even Mississippi are represented in the oak supph of the Chicago yards Georgia ships enormous quantities of timber to the North as we all know but if we have not a just estimate of our timber area of marketable qaulity how can we kniw at what rate we are exhausting our supply 168A 4ooUNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRAR 3 ElDfl 03Tlb 3T73