Report on outdoor recreation in Georgia. February, 1939

D I F. E C T O R .

E D RIVERS
GovERNOR

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT ATLANTA

JANUARY 6, 1939

HoN Rov V, HARRIS, AND
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE, ATLANTA, GEORGIA

GENTLEMEN:

THE PLAN OF ESTABLISHING NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS IN EACH COUtJTY OF THE STATE IS PROVING VERY POPULARo AT THE PRESENT TIME, MANY OF THE COUNTIES HAVE ACQUIRED, OR ARE iN THE PROCESS OF ACQUIRING TRACTS OF ONE THOUSAND ACRES OR MORE, WHICH ARE BEING TURNED OVER TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPMENT AS NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS. THE AREAS ARE TO BE USED AS CONSERVATION PROJECTS, AND ARE TO BE ADMINISTERED BY THE DIVISIONS OF FORESTRY, WILD LiFE, AND STATE PARKS, HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS. THE ~JRPOSES FOR WHICH THE
AREAS WILL BE DEVELOPED ARE (1) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FOREST DEMONSTRATION PLOTS; (2) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF WILD LIFE AND GAME PRESERVES, THE OBJECT BEING TO HELP RESTOCK THE ADJACENT TERRITORY; AND (3) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RECREATION AREAS, WHERE FACILITIES FOR PICNICKING, SWIMMING, HIKING AND OTHER OUTDOOR RECREATION MAY BE PROVIDED.

THIS PLAN IS RECOMMENDED TO THE CITIZENS OF EACH COUNTY FOR THEIR

CONSIDERATION

As THE AREAS ARE ACQUIRED, THEY WILL BE PLACED ON THE NATURAL RE

SOURCES PROGRAM, AND WORK WILL BE UNDERTAKEN AS SOON AS FUNDS BECOME AVAILABLE FOR

EACH PROJECTo

GovERNOR-

IV

E D RIVERS
GovERNOR

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT ATLANTA

JANUARY 6, 1939

HoN Rov V, HARRIS, AND
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE, ATLANTA, GEORGIA

GENTLEMEN:

THE PLAN OF ESTABLISHING NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS IN EACH COUtJTY OF THE STATE IS PROVING VERY POPULARo AT THE PRESENT TIME, MANY OF THE COUNTIES HAVE ACQUIRED, OR ARE iN THE PROCESS OF ACQUIRING TRACTS OF ONE THOUSAND ACRES OR MORE, WHICH ARE BEING TURNED OVER TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPMENT AS NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS. THE AREAS ARE TO BE USED AS CONSERVATION PROJECTS, AND ARE TO BE ADMINISTERED BY THE DIVISIONS OF FORESTRY, WILD LiFE, AND STATE PARKS, HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS. THE ~JRPOSES FOR WHICH THE
AREAS WILL BE DEVELOPED ARE (1) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FOREST DEMONSTRATION PLOTS; (2) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF WILD LIFE AND GAME PRESERVES, THE OBJECT BEING TO HELP RESTOCK THE ADJACENT TERRITORY; AND (3) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RECREATION AREAS, WHERE FACILITIES FOR PICNICKING, SWIMMING, HIKING AND OTHER OUTDOOR RECREATION MAY BE PROVIDED.

THIS PLAN IS RECOMMENDED TO THE CITIZENS OF EACH COUNTY FOR THEIR

CONSIDERATION

As THE AREAS ARE ACQUIRED, THEY WILL BE PLACED ON THE NATURAL RE

SOURCES PROGRAM, AND WORK WILL BE UNDERTAKEN AS SOON AS FUNDS BECOME AVAILABLE FOR

EACH PROJECTo

GovERNOR-

IV

,, I
This Report embodies the recommendations of the State Planning Board, State Study Authority; the Division of State Parks, Tiistoric Sites and Monuments, Department of Natural Resources, Principal Cooperating Agency, and has the concurrenee of the National Park Service.
Approvedz
nfr~rofnuo ~k
Historic Sites and Monuments (Principal Cooperating Agency)
THE GENEHAL L!BHAF-1Y
THE UNIV~R~ITY OF GEOf-1GIA

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G ~~s- .-.2-
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STATE PLANNING BOARD I

HENRY T. Me INTOSH , , , CHill RMAN

DR. T, F. ABERCROMBIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

DR. M.D. CoLLINS STATE SuPERINTENDENT oF ScHooLs

JIM L. GILLIS ,,

, STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER

J. W, WOODRUFF, BUSINESS EXECUTIVE

MI 55 MARTHA BERRY EDUCAT..O. R 0 0 0
RICHARD C. JoB DIRECTOR

R F' BURCH ,, SECRETARY <'

0. 0 0 0 0 0 0

!I ,
k MAY 1~~ G~~

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STATE PLANNING BOARD I

HENRY T. Me INTOSH , , , CHill RMAN

DR. T, F. ABERCROMBIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

DR. M.D. CoLLINS STATE SuPERINTENDENT oF ScHooLs

JIM L. GILLIS ,,

, STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER

J. W, WOODRUFF, BUSINESS EXECUTIVE

MI 55 MARTHA BERRY EDUCAT..O. R 0 0 0
RICHARD C. JoB DIRECTOR

R F' BURCH ,, SECRETARY <'

0. 0 0 0 0 0 0

!I ,
k MAY 1~~ G~~

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE
PLATE
PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE

I. I I . I I I. IV.
v.
VI.
VII.
VIII. IX
X.
XL.
XII.
XIII. XIV.
XV.
XVI. XVII. XVIII.

ORGANIZATION CHART OF RECREATION STUDY .......... FOLLOWING PAGE VI I

RESORT ScENEs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 BASE RELIEF MAP OF GEORGIA ......................... II LAND CLASSIFICATION AND PRINCIPAL AGRICULTURAL YIELD 11

II

" ;o

II

12

GEORGIA CLIMATE "

II

14

POPULATION TREND 18901930 ................... ., .... " II 21

TOTAL POPULATION DISTRI8UTION - 1930 NEGRO POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 1930 WHITE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 1930

" " 21

" " 21

II

II

21

HEALTH IMPROVEMENT 1936 1937 DEATH RATES TYPHOID 1935 1937

"

II

23

DEATH RATES TUBERCULOSIS - 1935-1937

DEATH RATES MALARIA .. 19351937 .................. II

"

23

DEATH RATES DIPHTHERIA - 1935 1937

DEATH RATES INFANT MORTALITY- 19351937

EXISTING AREA MAP

"

II

27

STATE PARK ScENES IN MouNTAINS . "".................. 11

II

27

STATE PARK SCENES IN PIEDMONT AND COASTAL SECTIONS

11

II

34

ScENES IN NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS

"

II

38

OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE PICTORIAL MAP .......... II

II

42

ScENEs IN THE OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE ........... "

II

44

ORGANIZATION CHART OF DIVISION OF STATE PARKS ...... 11

II

54

VI

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE STATE PLANNING BOARD GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES THE ASSISTANCE RENDERED BY THE VARIOUS FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES, WHOSE COOPERATION MADE THIS REPORT POSSIBLE. AMONG THOSE TO WHOM WE ARE PARTICULARLY INDEBTED FOR MAPS, TABULATIONS, SOURCE DATA, AND OTHER VALUABLE INFORMATION ARE: STATE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DEPART MENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, STATE HIGHWAY DEPOT, STATE LIBRARY, Uo S WEATHER BUREAU, U, S, CENSUS BUREAU, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, CIVILIAN
CONSERVATION CORPS, u. S. FOREST SERVICE, U, s BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, U, S, GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY, SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE, AND WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION.
v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE STATE PLANNING BOARD GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES THE ASSISTANCE RENDERED BY THE VARIOUS FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES, WHOSE COOPERATION MADE THIS REPORT POSSIBLE. AMONG THOSE TO WHOM WE ARE PARTICULARLY INDEBTED FOR MAPS, TABULATIONS, SOURCE DATA, AND OTHER VALUABLE INFORMATION ARE: STATE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DEPART MENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, STATE HIGHWAY DEPOT, STATE LIBRARY, Uo S WEATHER BUREAU, U, S, CENSUS BUREAU, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, CIVILIAN
CONSERVATION CORPS, u. S. FOREST SERVICE, U, s BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, U, S, GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY, SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE, AND WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION.
v

PARK, PARKWAY AND RECREATIONAL-AREA STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES
ORGANIZATION CHART
STATE OF GEORGIA

OTHER FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES

I
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
BUREAU Of' THE CENSUS
HUAEAU OF AlA COMMERCE
OAU-AIFt T~ANSPOATATION Af RECREATION AIUAS-E~ISTINO AHO POTEHTIALAIIIPORTPAIII<S-SUAPLUSAFIEASSUIYABL[FCARECFIEAl!IUREAU Of" HSHERIES
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
COPIUOO"STU01UANDAtPOAT50NRECREATION-C0STCATA ON CONSTIIUGTIONOFAECAEATIONALFACILITIES-LOCATICNOI'SAM[-
:~C:E[c"ATEI:~~~ p:RROSGCAN:: ~ ~ ;~:~ :~~:;u:~:~O:!:~:;~S~-~~~..:~:: ~
TICH,fiTHA. ... -f[I)[IIALWIOITERSPAQ.J[CT.
NAVY DEPARTMENT
WAR DEPARTMENT
BOARD OF MAPS AND SURVEYS
TREASURY DEPARTMENT

I "....,,...,. I

f

OTH~R SUTt HUDI5.

I

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

rORE.ST SERVICE
::_ CAlAANDWAP!o-(XISTINCANCPRCPOSEONATIONALrOA[STSSHC>W-
~N~Cp;:D;::ICR"tC:~~~~~S:~~:II~~T~[(SV~~:p::TNETN~~:._ ~~..:,-,.;~:~"o~
SOURCES. STUDI!S, REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS- P[~SONNEL CCNCERNlDWITHR[C"EATION.

BUREAU Or BIOLOGICAL SURVEY
. . ~g~~:=~~~;~~AA~~l~;f:f;igL~I;:t~~~:~;~::~ ;:~::;:~:~:;;_

EXTENSION SERVICE OATA ON "EC~EATlOOIAL I'RCGIOAW- WETI<ODa AMD CBJECTIY5UVDIEI ANI> REPO~T-~[CIIEATICN P[IISONNEL- CAMP$ AND OTHER ltlC~[ATIONAL C[VELOPWtNt; [XIaTING ARC PROPOSED.
rARM SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
~~~A u~:Dc:":t~"1t~::~':: ~:~:~ 1 ::~ ~::11LNI1~1TERt~ 1:;~,.0:~ztcL:PcWAtw~:-
RECIItATtcN PtRSOHWtL- R[CRtATICN STUCFES AND AE~CRTS- LANO USlSTUOIE:I.
BUREAU Or PUBLIC ROADS

WEATHER BUREAU

.SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE ~~~~ ANO MA~I-LAMD UU STUDIES, WATt II CONTROL PROJECTS,
NATIONAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE

PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
COST DATA ON <:OMST~UCTICN or RtCR[AT IONAL rACILITIES AMD LOCATION OF SAW[,

-----OF'F'ICAL --F'UNCTIONAL

PHS STIID~ CONOVCTED QY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IlNDER AIJTIIORITY OF ACT OF CONGRESS PIJBUC 770)1-N~ CONGRESS.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

STATE OF GEORGIA

io::,?.::+.\ivd~~s;i~".-lf----=-===:-;:~~~~~=1'-------r--,------,--'~------------,

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DATA ANO WAP$- EX .. TINC. NA110NAL PAR~! AND WCNUWENU, HISTO~IC !ITES ANO T~OSE p~OPCHD OA A[JECTEO.CI<;[ST AND <;OWPARA"fiH STUDY Or HAT[ lAW.AIRPCRTSTUDT,WUNOCIPALAO<OCOUNTYPARK n~I)T IW COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL RECREATION AUC<:I ...TICN\HIUCRIC SITE! SUAVP, "TT[NOANCE AN(IUS(STUDY,HIAINCOTUOY GEOLOGICAL .SURVEY 0Aa[WAP!o-(i0l0CICALANDTOPOCAAPHICWAPSANO I'U.LICATIDNS
NATIONAL RECREATION ASSOCIATION
'----
AMERICAN CAMPING ASSOCIATION
APPALACHIAN TRAIL CONFERENCE

COOPERATIVE STUDY COUNCIL

or TO OE~IU WAY$ AND IO[At<S

CO~

LECTIHCMOAN.O,LY21NGDATA,

DEPARTMENT OF" EDUCATION}RtCRt"r'o"ARtASAttDr"c''--
ITI[S C>N OCHOOL CRQUNQS.
I
DIVISION OF' NEGRO EDUCATION

STATE PLANNING BOARD
POP~LATION -OCCUPATIONAL IHCO~E ANP CN(RAL WEfLT~-LANO U~( -LANO VAU[ ~- IOUNICI~AL, CCUNTYAN05[101-PUBLICUCIOATIONAREA5 "NDF ...CIUTIUCOLFCOUIOS[SURVEV-SURVEY
;~~~~i~t;~~;~I:To~Nu;~r~~:l- OR-
GANIZED C"NP ~URVEY- POT[ NTIALAR[A5-L[GISLATIONCLI-
MAT0LOGY-COCRDINATI0"AN0 ~IOCS[NTATION OF ALl. DATA COMPI~EO U OTHER AGE><CI[S-AH NAPS, CHAMTS, ~~~W~ARIES AND

~ BOARD OF' REGENTS

I
COUNTY AGENTS AND EXTENSION SERVICE
[XIUI"G Alt[.O.S MD rACILITI[I IIECIHATIDIU.L NE05 POTENTIALAR"5

f--

COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL DIRECTORS Of' PARI\.S AND RECREATION
EX15TINCAA[ASANDFACILITI[S PACPCHOAA[ASM!CtACIUTICS. POTENTIAL A~[ AS. ADWINISTRATICN ANO USL

H~ HIGHWAY DEPART.MENT.
[XISTHCIItAS.O.NOrACIUTitS ~OTtNliAL AlitA W"VSIO[AR[AS. ruTUREIIIGHW.O.YP!,.ANS

CHAMBERS OF" COMMERCE
lltCI!ATIOIIALNtDS PDTC,.TtAL ARCM EDUCATIONAL I'I>O~AAW

.STATE Of'f'ICES f'EDERAL

H SOCIAL AGENCIES UCAEATICNAl)l[fO& PCT(NTIALAIOEAS

AGENCIES

WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL YOUTH AOMINISTRATION roRESTSERVICE

OGLETHORPE UNIVERSITY
INOIVICUA~ COUNTY STUDIES DV $TUO[NTSI<AJOAIT'r1NCOWNUNIH RECREATION

INFOAMATIC><!UPPLE!oiENTAIIYTO THATS[CUFI[CBTNATICNALPARM S[AVICl.

Y

GEORGIA STATE GOLF ASSOCIATION
GOLF tOUAitSURHY.

.STATE PARK AUTHORITY DIVISION OF' STATE PARKS. HISTORIC SITES AND MON-
[AiniNC "RCA AND rACI~ITI5 PRCPCHD AREAS AND r.o.ct~IT IES
ADWINI!TAATICN-PCLICV-riNANC[

DEPARThiENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

l

~~~~S~~~O~~G~NE:S, MINING

l

~5;-~~~~TION

REC.-lEATION DIVISION EXIUING ARA$ANOrACILIT1lS POTENTIAL A~[ AS.
HISTORIC RECORDS SURVEY IHFCAWATIONrCRHI!TOAICSITE5

SURVEY Of' COUNTY AND MU"'ICIPAL FISCAL AFFAIRS

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
COOPERATING WITH
STATE PLANNING BOARD
en;zr.:'.:'O...A...>...O."' ::&:~

CHAPTER I , CHAPTER II. CHAPTER I I I
CHAPTER IV,
v. CHAPTER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE 0

'



,



~

PAGE

STATE PLANNING BOARD . I i

APPROVALS

Ill

EXECUTIVE ENDORSEMENT IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, , o, ................... . v

PAGE
INTRODUCTION " 1

SUMMARY,.. " ............... " " 3
DIGEST OF FACTS.. 3 RECOMMENDATIONS . ,.... 5

THE STATE AND ITS PEOPLE .

7

DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE . , 7

RECREATIONAL RESOURCES . 11

GEOLOGY." ,." ,""....... 11

So 1LS. 12

WATER RESOURCES ; 12

CLIMATE . 13

FAUNA. ' 0 , "



14

FLORA " . ' 16

ARCHAEOLOGY .. , 17

HISTORY . " 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

POPULATION ...... , ~'................................ 20

GOVERNMEN I SERVICES.. . 0..... ................. 23 AGENCIES CoNCERNED WiTH REC!REATI ON . 0 ,,.-~ ~ HEAL'iil AND SANITATION o o , " , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

EDUCA T ' ON" " ,, 0 " 0 0 0 0 ' 0

25

TRANSPOR,ATiON . ,,., oooo 26

EXISTING AREAS .

28

HISTORY oF STATE PARK MovEMENT 28
STATE PARKS .. ,....................... 29 MuN 1c 1PAL AND CouNTY AREAS. 36 NATIONAL PARKs AND MoNUMENTS 37
REtREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS 39
NATIONAL FoREST .............................. 41 LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS..................... 42 WiLD LtFE REFUGES............................. 42 APPALACHIAN TRAIL. 46

RECREATIONAL AREA PLAN ,

0 PRINCIPLES
THE PLAN.

A.N.D.

.

.S.TA. N. .D.A.R.D.S.................... . . .

LEG ISLAT I ON ;

ADMINISTRATION

EFFECTUATION OF THE PLAN

/'
iia ,
_ ,----~""'
48 50 53 54 56

VII

CHAPTER I , CHAPTER II. CHAPTER I I I
CHAPTER IV,
v. CHAPTER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE 0

'



,



~

PAGE

STATE PLANNING BOARD . I i

APPROVALS

Ill

EXECUTIVE ENDORSEMENT IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, , o, ................... . v

PAGE
INTRODUCTION " 1

SUMMARY,.. " ............... " " 3
DIGEST OF FACTS.. 3 RECOMMENDATIONS . ,.... 5

THE STATE AND ITS PEOPLE .

7

DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE . , 7

RECREATIONAL RESOURCES . 11

GEOLOGY." ,." ,""....... 11

So 1LS. 12

WATER RESOURCES ; 12

CLIMATE . 13

FAUNA. ' 0 , "



14

FLORA " . ' 16

ARCHAEOLOGY .. , 17

HISTORY . " 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

POPULATION ...... , ~'................................ 20

GOVERNMEN I SERVICES.. . 0..... ................. 23 AGENCIES CoNCERNED WiTH REC!REATI ON . 0 ,,.-~ ~ HEAL'iil AND SANITATION o o , " , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

EDUCA T ' ON" " ,, 0 " 0 0 0 0 ' 0

25

TRANSPOR,ATiON . ,,., oooo 26

EXISTING AREAS .

28

HISTORY oF STATE PARK MovEMENT 28
STATE PARKS .. ,....................... 29 MuN 1c 1PAL AND CouNTY AREAS. 36 NATIONAL PARKs AND MoNUMENTS 37
REtREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS 39
NATIONAL FoREST .............................. 41 LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS..................... 42 WiLD LtFE REFUGES............................. 42 APPALACHIAN TRAIL. 46

RECREATIONAL AREA PLAN ,

0 PRINCIPLES
THE PLAN.

A.N.D.

.

.S.TA. N. .D.A.R.D.S.................... . . .

LEG ISLAT I ON ;

ADMINISTRATION

EFFECTUATION OF THE PLAN

/'
iia ,
_ ,----~""'
48 50 53 54 56

VII

THE SCOPE MID PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS OR IEFLY SU~,l:V1AR I ZED 1\S FOLLOWS: 1. To SECURE ~ND PRESENT FACTUAL DATA ON EXISTING RECREATIONAL AREAS MJD FACILITIES ;\ND THE AGENCIES CONCERNED \!/I TH THEM.
2. AN ANALYSIS OF 3ASIC DATA ON POPULATION, NATURAL RESOURCES
AND GoVERNMENT SERVICEs. 3. AN INVEIHORY OF THOSE AREAS WHICH, 8ECAUSE OF THEIR OUTSTAND-
lNG SCENIC, SCIENTIFIC, EDUCATIONAL OR RECREATIONAL VALUES, SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE STATE SYSTEM OF RECREATIONAL AREAS. 4. To DETERMINE THE PRESENT USE OF EXISTING FACILITIES AND THE PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION NOW BEING SERVED. 5. To PROVIDE THROUGH AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM, A PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE SOCIAL VALUES OF RECREATION. 6. TO PROVIDE DATA UPON WHICH TO BASE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE .C. C. C. CAMP ALLOCATIONS.
7. To PROVIDE DATA WHICH WILL PROVE HELPFUL IN PREPARING COMPREHENSIVE
PLANS FOR LOCAL, STATE, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RECREATIONAL AREA SysTEMS" THIS IS H!E FIRST REPORT Of THE . FINO INGS OF TH I5 STUDY, AND WILL BE FOLLOWED BY OTHER REPORTS ON ORGANIZED CAMPING, MUNICIPAL FACILITIES, WILDLIFE, RECREATIONAL
(
INTEREST GROUPS AND PARK ATTENDANCE STUDIES
. 2-

CHAPTiR

0 NE

o--
I NT R0 DUCT I 0 N

As Ll;: I SURE T I :<1E FOR TI~E I tJO IV I DUAL INCREASES, DUE TO CHANGES IN THE ECONot11 C AND SOCIAL STRUCTU~E, IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO PROVIDE WAYS AND MEANS TO INSURE ITS PROPER US!::.
RECREATION HAS BEEN T::CRI4ED 11 THE CPE:<T IVE UsE OF LEI SURE". THE RESPOIJS IB IL ITV FOR P~OVIDING THE PEOPLE WITH ADEQUATE RECREATIONAL ARE~S AND FACILITIES SHOULD BE ASSUMED, TO A LARGE DEGREE, BY NATIONAL, STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS. THIS WILL ACCOMPLISH A TWO-FOLD OBJECTIVE THE PEOPLE ARE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO USE THEIP LEISURE TIME TO THEIR BEST ADVANTAGE BOTH FROM A HEALTH AND AN EDUCATIONAL ST.IINDPO INT AND, ,\ T THE SAME T Ir.1E, THE CHANCES FOR CR I!IE M-J[) JUVENILE DEL I NQUENCY ARE LESSEfJED CONS! OERABLY. RECRE,\T ION IS, THEREFORE, ONE OF THE HOST IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF ANY GOVERNING BODY.
BEFORE ANY GROUP CAN ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE ANY OF THESE OPPORTUNITIES, THE REC
REATI~NAL RESOURCES MUST BE APPRAISED AND THE.NEEDS ESTIMATED. A CAREFUL AND C~M
PREHENSIVE STUDY SHOULD DE MADE TO DETERMINE THE NEEDS IN THE STATE, THE EXISTING R~~;QURCES .~NO FACILITIES, MJD THE f,fE,;NS OY V!H ICH AN ADEQtJ,qE PROGP.Af:f OF DEVELOPMENT CAN OES T EE ACCQI.IPL I SHED.
AN ACT WAS PASSED OY THE UNIT:D STATES CoNGRESS IN 1936 WIIICH AUTHO~IZED THE ~JATION/\L Pt,RK SERVICE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, TO COOPEI~ATE WITH THE VA-
RIOUS STATE AGENCIES WHICII R=QUESTED ITS AID IN MAKING THIS STUDY.
Gov.:f.'NOF! RIVERS ICCfOPTED TH!=.: OFFER OF THE NAT IOtJAL Pt.RK SERVICE TO COOPER/TE ltJ THIS STUDY, MJD DESIGNATED TilE STATE PLANNING 00ARD AS THE STt,TE STUDY AUHi:)RITY, AND THE Drv1sroN OF STATE PA:~Ks, HrsToRrc SrTEs Ar-JD MoNU!1EtHs ~.s THE rr.JNCtPAL COOPERATING AGENCY.

CHAPTiR

0 NE

o--
I NT R0 DUCT I 0 N

As Ll;: I SURE T I :<1E FOR TI~E I tJO IV I DUAL INCREASES, DUE TO CHANGES IN THE ECONot11 C AND SOCIAL STRUCTU~E, IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO PROVIDE WAYS AND MEANS TO INSURE ITS PROPER US!::.
RECREATION HAS BEEN T::CRI4ED 11 THE CPE:<T IVE UsE OF LEI SURE". THE RESPOIJS IB IL ITV FOR P~OVIDING THE PEOPLE WITH ADEQUATE RECREATIONAL ARE~S AND FACILITIES SHOULD BE ASSUMED, TO A LARGE DEGREE, BY NATIONAL, STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS. THIS WILL ACCOMPLISH A TWO-FOLD OBJECTIVE THE PEOPLE ARE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO USE THEIP LEISURE TIME TO THEIR BEST ADVANTAGE BOTH FROM A HEALTH AND AN EDUCATIONAL ST.IINDPO INT AND, ,\ T THE SAME T Ir.1E, THE CHANCES FOR CR I!IE M-J[) JUVENILE DEL I NQUENCY ARE LESSEfJED CONS! OERABLY. RECRE,\T ION IS, THEREFORE, ONE OF THE HOST IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF ANY GOVERNING BODY.
BEFORE ANY GROUP CAN ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE ANY OF THESE OPPORTUNITIES, THE REC
REATI~NAL RESOURCES MUST BE APPRAISED AND THE.NEEDS ESTIMATED. A CAREFUL AND C~M
PREHENSIVE STUDY SHOULD DE MADE TO DETERMINE THE NEEDS IN THE STATE, THE EXISTING R~~;QURCES .~NO FACILITIES, MJD THE f,fE,;NS OY V!H ICH AN ADEQtJ,qE PROGP.Af:f OF DEVELOPMENT CAN OES T EE ACCQI.IPL I SHED.
AN ACT WAS PASSED OY THE UNIT:D STATES CoNGRESS IN 1936 WIIICH AUTHO~IZED THE ~JATION/\L Pt,RK SERVICE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, TO COOPEI~ATE WITH THE VA-
RIOUS STATE AGENCIES WHICII R=QUESTED ITS AID IN MAKING THIS STUDY.
Gov.:f.'NOF! RIVERS ICCfOPTED TH!=.: OFFER OF THE NAT IOtJAL Pt.RK SERVICE TO COOPER/TE ltJ THIS STUDY, MJD DESIGNATED TilE STATE PLANNING 00ARD AS THE STt,TE STUDY AUHi:)RITY, AND THE Drv1sroN OF STATE PA:~Ks, HrsToRrc SrTEs Ar-JD MoNU!1EtHs ~.s THE rr.JNCtPAL COOPERATING AGENCY.

4 THE T~END IN POPULATiON j<,") AS FOLLOWS:

I

YeAr

PoPULATiON

I NCRE.'\SE

% INCHEASE

1910

,2,600,121

1920

'2 ,895,832

286,711

10 98

1930, 1937

"'.2.,
J

,

9
0

08
85

"
,

506 000

12,674 176,494

0, 4 6 06

(19~; FIGURES B~SE~ ON ~UR~AU Of CE~SUS lSTIMATES.)

TH!: SMALL INCREAS:O: DURING THE DECADE ( 1920 1930) VIAS DUE LARGELv TO !HE HEll \IV

MiGrATION OF PO~ULATION PII~TICUtARLV NEGRO, T0 1 INDUSTRI~L CENTERS OF THE NORTH

5 THE .POPUU.T I ON BY RES IrlENCE TYPES 1930:
URBAN !TowNs OF 2.500 o~ Mo~E) l~uR.AL NoN FARl1 RURAL FARM

89~,492 OR 30 8%
599.295 OR 20 6% 1 413:719 OR 48 6%

AN APPRECIABLE PERCENT OF THE RURAL NoN FARM POPULATION IS FOUND WITHIN THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS OF ~HE LARG~ST URBAN CENTERS, NAMELY: ATLANTA, SAVANNAH,

AUGUSTA, MACON AND COLUMBUS

6 THE STATE HAS APPROXIM<\TELV 10,740 tiiLES OF HIGHWAYS. 44% OF WHICH ARE PAVED
THIS INCREASED 1.11 LCAGE OF ALL VIEATHf:R ROADS Hi'S CONTR IBUTEIJ t.IATER IALLY TO

7 MANY ACRES OF GEORGiA FARM LANDS HAVE BEEN AND ARE STILL WEARING OUT, THUS BECOMING UNSUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURAL USE MucH LAND NOW USED FOR AGRICUL TURAL PURPOSES,SHOULD BE DEVOTED TO RECREATION, CONSERVATION OF WilULIFE AND FORESH1Y

8 SEPARATE AREAS AND iACILITIES FOR EDUCATION, WELFARE. RECREATION. AND
OTHER ACTIViTIES ARE R~QUIRED FOR THE WHITE AND NEGRO RACES

'

9 THE ONLY OUT Of- CITY RECREATIONAL AREA FOR NEGROES !S AN ORGANIZED CAMP

..)

ltJ PEACH COUNTY; THEREFORE, IT IS.EVIDENT THAT MANY AREAS ARE NEEDED TO ADEQUATE

LV SERVE THIS R,\CE

10 THE STATE, BEING LOCATED IN THE MIDST OF A YEAR ROUND TOURIST SECTION, ~ HAS MANY OUT OF STATE VISITORS. THEREFORE, FACILITIES FOR TOURISTS SHOULD BE
CONSIDERED IN PLANNING THE RECREATIONAL AREA PROGRAM FOR THIS STATE.

11 THE GREAT MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION SHOULD DE SERVED BY DAY USE RECRE
~ AT!ONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES SINCE THEIR INCOME PROHIBITS TRAVEL OF MORE THAN F I FTEEIJ TO TWENTY F fVE MILJ::S.

4

C H A P T E R T W0

---o---

S U MMA R Y

DIGEST OF FACTS

THE CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT INCLUDE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE AND ITS

PEOPLE; THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND POPULATION FACTORS AS OASES FOR DE-

TERMINING THE RECREATIONAL NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA AND HER VISITORS; AN IN-

VENlORY OF EXISTING FACILITIES, NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY; AND RECOMMENDATIONS,

BASED UPON THE ADOVE FACTS AND UPON THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS, WHICH ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE STATE.

1. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE STATE IS SUCH THAT EXCELLENT POTENTIAL SCENIC AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ARE FOUND IN ALL SECTIONS OF GEORGIA.

2- THE CLIMATE OF THE STATE, AS INDICATED BELOW, IS VERY CONDUCIVE TO RECRE-

ATIONAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION. AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE STATE

63.1

AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF THE STATE AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF THE STATE

75.2

AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES ON THE SEABOARD RANGE FROM 52.7 TO 81.2. IWERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES IN THE HIGHLANDS RANGE FROM 40.3 TO 74.3.

3. THE STATE'S POPULATION BY RACE IS 63.2 PERCENT WHITE AND 36.8 PERCENT
NEGRO.

THE WHITE POPULATION IS PREDOMINANT IN THE SECTIONS ABOVE AND BELOW A STRIP
OF 50 TO 100 MILES IN WIDTH EXTENDING ACROSS THE CENTRAL PART OF THE STATE, KNOWN
AS THE COTTON BELT. THE NEGRO POPULATION IS MAINLY PREDOMINANT IN THE ABOVE MENTIONED BELT, THERE BEING A NEGLIGIBLE NUMBER OF NEGROES IN THE NORTHERN COUNTIES.

-3-

C H A P T E R T W0

---o---

S U MMA R Y

DIGEST OF FACTS

THE CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT INCLUDE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE AND ITS

PEOPLE; THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND POPULATION FACTORS AS OASES FOR DE-

TERMINING THE RECREATIONAL NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA AND HER VISITORS; AN IN-

VENlORY OF EXISTING FACILITIES, NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY; AND RECOMMENDATIONS,

BASED UPON THE ADOVE FACTS AND UPON THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS, WHICH ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE STATE.

1. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE STATE IS SUCH THAT EXCELLENT POTENTIAL SCENIC AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ARE FOUND IN ALL SECTIONS OF GEORGIA.

2- THE CLIMATE OF THE STATE, AS INDICATED BELOW, IS VERY CONDUCIVE TO RECRE-

ATIONAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION. AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE STATE

63.1

AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF THE STATE AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF THE STATE

75.2

AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES ON THE SEABOARD RANGE FROM 52.7 TO 81.2. IWERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES IN THE HIGHLANDS RANGE FROM 40.3 TO 74.3.

3. THE STATE'S POPULATION BY RACE IS 63.2 PERCENT WHITE AND 36.8 PERCENT
NEGRO.

THE WHITE POPULATION IS PREDOMINANT IN THE SECTIONS ABOVE AND BELOW A STRIP
OF 50 TO 100 MILES IN WIDTH EXTENDING ACROSS THE CENTRAL PART OF THE STATE, KNOWN
AS THE COTTON BELT. THE NEGRO POPULATION IS MAINLY PREDOMINANT IN THE ABOVE MENTIONED BELT, THERE BEING A NEGLIGIBLE NUMBER OF NEGROES IN THE NORTHERN COUNTIES.

-3-

3. A STUDY 8E MADE OF THE DESIRABILITY, NEED AND PROPOSED LOCATION OF A SYSTEM OF
WAYSIDE PARKS, TO BE PLANNED, DEVELOPED, MAINTAINED AND OPER~TED IN COOPERATION WITH THE DIVISiON OF ST,\TE Ptd<K~ AND THE STATE HiGHWAY DEPIIPHlENT. 9. THE GE!~EP.AL ASSEHBLY OF GEORG I.A PASS AN ENABL! NG ACT EM?Oif/ER ING THE SEVERAL COUNTIES TO ACQUIRE, MAINTAIN AND OPERATE PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES. 10. SUFFICIENT APPROPRIATION BE MADE SO THAT THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS CAN DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN AN ADEQUATE SYSTEM OF RECREATIONAL AREAS AS OUTLINED IN THIS REPORT 11. PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS BE ESTABLISHED AND OBSERVED IN TfE SELECTION OF PERSONNEL FOR TilE DiVISION OF STATE PARKS, AND THAT SUCH APPOINTMENTS BE MADE ACCORDlNG TO A MERIT SYSTEM.
12. THE STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN COURSES IN COMMUNITY
RECREATION, NATURE STUDY, ORGANIZED CAMPING AND OTHER LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES. 13 THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS CONDUCT A WELL PLANNED EDUCATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO ACQUAINT THE PUBLIC WITH THE RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ON NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY AREAS. 14. TH~ STUDY DEING MADE BY THE WATER RESOURCES COMMITTEE BE CONTINUED, LOOKING TO TfiE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE RECRE/>.T IONAL POTENTIALITIES OF THE STREAMS AND COASTAL WATERS AND THE ELIMINATION OF POLLUTION AND OTHER MISUSE .
."-.J 15, GREATER CONS I DERA T IOtJ BE GIVEN THE St1N ITARY CONDITIONS OF ALL SWIMMING POOLS,
BATHHOUSES, TRAILER AND TOURIST CAMPS, AND DRINKING WATER ON ALL RECRZATIONAL AREAS OPEN TO THE PUDLIC; AND THAT THESE FACILITIES BE OPERATED AND MAINTAINED ACCORDING TO STANDARDS SET UP BY TfE STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. 16. THE IAAPP ING PfWGRAMS OF ALL FEDERAL. AND STATE AGENCIES SHOULD BE COORDINATED. ADEQUATE MAPS ARE ESSENTIAL TO RECREATIONAL PLANNING.
6

12. THE WHITE RACE CONTROLS MOST OF THE WEALTH OF THE STATE, THEREBY, PLAC-

I

lNG UPON ITSELF TliE RESPONSIBILITY OF PROVIDING RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES

FOR THE NEGRO RACE.

\
\ 13. THERE ARE IN GEORGIA NINE STATE PARKS. NONE OF THESE IS LOCATED SO AS
TO SERVE THE DAY USE NEEDS OF THE CITIZENS OF AIN ONE OF THE FOUR LARGEST URBAN
CENTERS. IN ADDITION, THERE ARE THREE RECREATION DEMONSTRATION AREAS, FIVE NAT-
IONAL MoNUMENTS, ONE NATIONAL FoREST, TWO LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS, FOUR WILD LIFE ~EFUGES, TWO STATE FORESTS AND FOUR COUNTY PARKS.

14. THERE ARE NUMEROUS SHRINES AND HISTORIC AREAS WITHIN THE STATE, SOME OF WHICH ARE NOW PUDLICLY OWNED.

RECOMMEND!ITIWS
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT: 1- THE STUDY DE CONTINUED, WHICH WILL AID IN DEVELOPING A COORDINATED STATE-WIDE PLAN PROVIDING FOR ESSENTIAL INTEGRATION AND CORRELATION OF AREAS, POLICIES AND PRO GRAMS OF ALL AGENCI:S CONCERNED WITH PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS.
2. A THOROUGH ~'TUDVBE tMDE OF THOSE AREP.S HAVII,JG OUT5l'AtiDIHB :SQSfUC, 1-nSTORIC, AND/OR RECRE>'1TIONAL OR EDUCATIONAL VALUES MID THAT I~ECOM~1ENDATIONS AS TO THEIR VALUE AS STATE PARKS BE MADE
3. IMMEDIATE CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATiONAL AREAS IN THE VICINITY OF THOSE DENSELY POPULATED CENTERS WHICH ARE NOT NOW SERVED BY EXISTING RECREATIONAL AREASl
\\/ 4. CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL AREAS FOR
1
NEGROES, FIRST CONSIDERATION BEING GIVEN TO AREAS NEAR TIE LARGE URBAN CENTERS.
5. THE STUDY BEING MADE TO DETERMINE THE ADVISABILITY OF ACQUIRING AND PRESERVING IMPORTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIC S~TES BE CONTINUED.
6. PARK PLAYFIELD TVPE OF AREAS BE DEVELOPED ADJACENT TO CONSOLIDATED ScHOOLS AND OTHER COUNTY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, THESE /,REAS TO BE ADMIN ISTEREO BY THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN COOPEP.ATION VJITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE DIVISION OF ST.\ TE PAHKS ,.
7. A STUDY DE MADE TO DETERMINE THE ADVISABILITY OF CREATING A SYSTEM OF PARKWAYS
AND TRAILWAYS.

12. THE WHITE RACE CONTROLS MOST OF THE WEALTH OF THE STATE, THEREBY, PLAC-

I

lNG UPON ITSELF TliE RESPONSIBILITY OF PROVIDING RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES

FOR THE NEGRO RACE.

\
\ 13. THERE ARE IN GEORGIA NINE STATE PARKS. NONE OF THESE IS LOCATED SO AS
TO SERVE THE DAY USE NEEDS OF THE CITIZENS OF AIN ONE OF THE FOUR LARGEST URBAN
CENTERS. IN ADDITION, THERE ARE THREE RECREATION DEMONSTRATION AREAS, FIVE NAT-
IONAL MoNUMENTS, ONE NATIONAL FoREST, TWO LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS, FOUR WILD LIFE ~EFUGES, TWO STATE FORESTS AND FOUR COUNTY PARKS.

14. THERE ARE NUMEROUS SHRINES AND HISTORIC AREAS WITHIN THE STATE, SOME OF WHICH ARE NOW PUDLICLY OWNED.

RECOMMEND!ITIWS
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT: 1- THE STUDY DE CONTINUED, WHICH WILL AID IN DEVELOPING A COORDINATED STATE-WIDE PLAN PROVIDING FOR ESSENTIAL INTEGRATION AND CORRELATION OF AREAS, POLICIES AND PRO GRAMS OF ALL AGENCI:S CONCERNED WITH PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS.
2. A THOROUGH ~'TUDVBE tMDE OF THOSE AREP.S HAVII,JG OUT5l'AtiDIHB :SQSfUC, 1-nSTORIC, AND/OR RECRE>'1TIONAL OR EDUCATIONAL VALUES MID THAT I~ECOM~1ENDATIONS AS TO THEIR VALUE AS STATE PARKS BE MADE
3. IMMEDIATE CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATiONAL AREAS IN THE VICINITY OF THOSE DENSELY POPULATED CENTERS WHICH ARE NOT NOW SERVED BY EXISTING RECREATIONAL AREASl
\\/ 4. CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL AREAS FOR
1
NEGROES, FIRST CONSIDERATION BEING GIVEN TO AREAS NEAR TIE LARGE URBAN CENTERS.
5. THE STUDY BEING MADE TO DETERMINE THE ADVISABILITY OF ACQUIRING AND PRESERVING IMPORTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIC S~TES BE CONTINUED.
6. PARK PLAYFIELD TVPE OF AREAS BE DEVELOPED ADJACENT TO CONSOLIDATED ScHOOLS AND OTHER COUNTY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, THESE /,REAS TO BE ADMIN ISTEREO BY THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN COOPEP.ATION VJITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE DIVISION OF ST.\ TE PAHKS ,.
7. A STUDY DE MADE TO DETERMINE THE ADVISABILITY OF CREATING A SYSTEM OF PARKWAYS
AND TRAILWAYS.

fHE TOPOGRAPHY OF THIS SECTION PROVIDES AN EVER CHANGING VARIETY OF SEASCAPES AND LANDSCAPES. INTERESTING ASPECTS OF THE COASTLINE CONSISTS OF ISLANDS, SAVANNAS, YOOCED PROMONTORIES, BEACHES, A MAZE OF ESTUARIES, PROVIDING INLAND WATERWAYS AND FISfiiNG GROU~DS, BROAD SOUNCS AND NAVIGABLE RIVERS AND CREEKS INTO WHICH TIDEWATER EXTENDS FOR SEVERAL MILES.
THERE ARE ~IANY MILES OF GENTLY SLOPING SANDY OEACI-iES. THE SURF IS nODEEATE, AND TliE VihTER IS TEt~PERED TO f, COMFORTM3LE DEGREE OY THE PROXII41TY OF THE GULF
Sn~LAM,
(EIHUR IES OF HI STOP.Y HAVE BEEN ENi\CTED ON THE SOILS OF TH Ic> COAST. THE SITES OF EVENTFUL HAPPENINGS HAVE BEEN IMPRINTED ALONG TfiE RIVERBANKS ON THE SANDS OF GUALE M~C llflOUND THE S1\V.~~:NAS. MANY OF THE~,E SITEc> IIAVE BEEN IJESIG~u.n:D At!O MARKED. TliEY CONSIST OF REMAINS OF INDIAN LIFE, RUINS OF OLD FORTS, MISSIONS AND SETTLEMENTS, RICE PLANTATIONS, BATTLEGROUNDS, AND NUMEROUS OTHER PHASES OF FORMER POLl TICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL LIFE.
CoASTAL TERRACES: FoR THE Lf,ST FIFTY TO SIXTY MILES IN ITS F!EHL\T FfWtl THE FALL-LINE THE OCEAN
HESITATED, /.ND CAUSED IHC FJI\t.~,\IION OF FIVE OR ~~ORE n:rm.r,cr::s. THE LOWEST A:~D f10ST R~CENT OF TllESE TERR~CES IS THE SATILLA TERRACE, WHOSE ELEVtTICN HAS DEEN ESTIMATED TO OE FRe.:l SEt, LEVEL TO SIXTY FEET ABOVE SE/' LEVEL,
THE OTilEi' NAMED TERRACES, ~IH ICH OCCUR IN' t-10RE OR Le;s DEFINITE ORDER OF STEPS OR BENCHES, ARE THE PENHOLOWAY, OKEFENOKEE, COHARIE AND HAZLEHURST TERRACES. THE HIGHEST POINT ON THE LATTER HAS OEEN ESTitIATED TO BE 260 FEEL
AMONG THE RECREATIONAL RESOURCES FURTHER INLAND ARE SITCS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST AND TRADITION, GAME, FISH AND PICNIC GROUNDS. THERE ARE MANY PLACES WHERE NATURE HAS CREATED HORTICULTURAL DISPLAYS. PLANTATICNS OF WILD AZALEAS, DOGWOOD, HOLLV, CASSINA BERRY, HEATii PLANTS +ND WATER LILIES HAVE ATTRACTED MANY BEAUTY LOVERS.
"' THESE ARE SOMET I i'1ES !I.T LESS ACC::SS t{JLE PLACES, ALONG RIVEPBAN!~S, ItJ RIVER BOTTmiS,
OR IN WOODED 1\RE,\S MIAY FROM HIGHWAYN fLANS SHOULD DE MADE TO INCLUDE SUCH SPOTS
\
IN A RURAL PARKWAY SYSTEM./
OK~FENOKEE Sw~MP*: TillS NATURAL VIRGIN AREA OCCURS IN A BROAD SECTION OF THE TERRACE OF THE SAME
NAME. IT IS THE LARGEST UNDRAINED FRESH WATER SWAMP IN THE UNITED STATES, AND OC CUPIES APPnOXIMATELY 700 SQUARE MILES NEAR THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF THE STATE.
*REFE:R TO OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE.

CHAPTER T H R E E
0
DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE GEORGIAS ExTENT:
GEORGIA EMBRACES 58,725 SQUARE MILES OF AVERAGE TO GOOD FERTILE LAND WHICH
EXTENDS FROM THE OCEAN, ACROSS BROAD WELL WATERED PLAINS AND VALLEYS, INTO PLA TEAUS AND PICTURESQUE RUGGED HIGHLANDS THIS COLORFUL STATE IS THE LARGEST EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER GEORGIA S AREA IS COMPACTLY SHAPED, AND SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN THE SUM OF THE AREAS OF NEW JERSEY, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. THE COMBINED AREA OF ALL SIX NEW ENGLAND STATES IS ONLY ABOUT ONE TWEN' ETH LARGER THAN GEORGIA
GEORGIA S BOUNDARIES INCLOSE A VARIETY OF TOPOGRAPHY, SO ARRANGED FOR BEAUTY AND UTILITY AS TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR UNTOLD EFFECTIVE AND PROGRESSIVE PLANNiNG THE RAW MATERIALS ARE SEASHORE AND MOUNTAINS, VALLEvs AND PLAINS, PLATEAUS AND PEAKS, ISLANDS AND RIVERS.
As STUDY OF GEORGIA S TOPOGRAPHY ADVANCES NORTH AND WEST FROM THE COASTAL AREA, IT WOULD SEEM THAT THE STATE WAS ORIGINALLY PLANNED BY AN ARCHITECT. To THOSE
WHO LIVE IN GEORGIA, AND STUDV IT, SUCH A COMPARISON iS EASILY UNDERSTOOD GEORGIA IS A PIONEER S COUNTRY. HERE THE WORKS OF THE GREAT ARCHITECT HAVE NOT
BEEN IRREPARABLY SPOILED BY SUCH LACK OF PLANNING AND FORESIGHTEDNESS AS HAS FALLEN THE LOT OF MORE THICKLY SETTLED AREAS, BECAUSE THE FIELD IS NEW AND THE CANVAS FRESH. SEACOAST:
THE GEORGIA COAST WHERE THE EARLIEST WHITE SETTLERS MADE THEIR HOMES IS FIGUR ATIVELY THE. THRESHOLD OF THE STATE.
7

CHAPTER T H R E E
0
DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE GEORGIAS ExTENT:
GEORGIA EMBRACES 58,725 SQUARE MILES OF AVERAGE TO GOOD FERTILE LAND WHICH
EXTENDS FROM THE OCEAN, ACROSS BROAD WELL WATERED PLAINS AND VALLEYS, INTO PLA TEAUS AND PICTURESQUE RUGGED HIGHLANDS THIS COLORFUL STATE IS THE LARGEST EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER GEORGIA S AREA IS COMPACTLY SHAPED, AND SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN THE SUM OF THE AREAS OF NEW JERSEY, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. THE COMBINED AREA OF ALL SIX NEW ENGLAND STATES IS ONLY ABOUT ONE TWEN' ETH LARGER THAN GEORGIA
GEORGIA S BOUNDARIES INCLOSE A VARIETY OF TOPOGRAPHY, SO ARRANGED FOR BEAUTY AND UTILITY AS TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR UNTOLD EFFECTIVE AND PROGRESSIVE PLANNiNG THE RAW MATERIALS ARE SEASHORE AND MOUNTAINS, VALLEvs AND PLAINS, PLATEAUS AND PEAKS, ISLANDS AND RIVERS.
As STUDY OF GEORGIA S TOPOGRAPHY ADVANCES NORTH AND WEST FROM THE COASTAL AREA, IT WOULD SEEM THAT THE STATE WAS ORIGINALLY PLANNED BY AN ARCHITECT. To THOSE
WHO LIVE IN GEORGIA, AND STUDV IT, SUCH A COMPARISON iS EASILY UNDERSTOOD GEORGIA IS A PIONEER S COUNTRY. HERE THE WORKS OF THE GREAT ARCHITECT HAVE NOT
BEEN IRREPARABLY SPOILED BY SUCH LACK OF PLANNING AND FORESIGHTEDNESS AS HAS FALLEN THE LOT OF MORE THICKLY SETTLED AREAS, BECAUSE THE FIELD IS NEW AND THE CANVAS FRESH. SEACOAST:
THE GEORGIA COAST WHERE THE EARLIEST WHITE SETTLERS MADE THEIR HOMES IS FIGUR ATIVELY THE. THRESHOLD OF THE STATE.
7

SE:A ISLAND
A CoASTAL RESORT
RADIUM SPRINGS
A RBoRT 1N SouT!; GEORGIA
GOLF-ING SAINT SIMON ISLAND

SE:A ISLAND
A CoASTAL RESORT
RADIUM SPRINGS
A RBoRT 1N SouT!; GEORGIA
GOLF-ING SAINT SIMON ISLAND

iSOLA TED FPOM TH 1 S f<OW OF MONADNOCI<S MJD 01~ TljE OPPOSITE Of~ S::JUTiiU.ST S 1 uE 0~ THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER, IS STONE MOUNTAIN, A LARGE UNCOVERED DOME OF GRANITE Wli!CH RISES 660 FEE! ABOVE THE SURROUNDING TERRAIN. AND MEASURES APPRCXIMATELY SIX MILES AIWUND TilE OA~E

THE IfALLEY SECT I ON IN THE tJOfHH\'/EST CORNEF! OF GEORG I A CONV1 iNS SEVERAL VALLEYS, Cll!EF .~r.10~1G WHICH IS THE Ro~IE VALLEY IT IS DRAINED BY THE COOSA RIVER AND ITS 1 RIBUT/.R 'E~ THIS VALLEV IS BPOAD AND ROLLING ITS ELEVATION NEAR THE GEORGIA TENNESSEE LINE IS APPROXIMATELY 800 FEET, WHEREAS AT THE GEORGiA ALABAMA LINE. WHERE THE COOSA RIVER LEAVES GEORGIA. ITS ELEVATION IS ABOUT 600 FEET

NoRTHWEST OF THE ROME VALLEY ARE TH~ ARMUCHEE RIDGES WHICH RUN DIAGONALLY

,,

ACROSS THIS CORNER OF GEORGIA. BETWEEN THESE RIDGES ARE SMALL VALLEYS AND STREAMS

.i

CoNTINUiNG TOWARD THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF THE STATE, Tl~ NEXT FEATURE IS LOOK ouT MouN Ttl 1N TillS IS A LONG FLAT TOPPED RIDGE, OVER 1,000 FEET ABOVE THE VALLEY
FLOOR DowN THE NORTH~EST SLOPE OF LOOKOUT MoUNTAIN 1S LOOKOUT VALLEY Jus1 NORTH
WEST OF THIS VALLEY IS SAND MOUNTAIN, OF WliiCH ONLV A SMALL SECTION rS IN GEORGIA.

l3bhJ!:....ELQ9S_ t:1ouN_I!~.ill.2.~ RtSiNG PRECIPiTOUSLY FROM THE EASTEPN EDGE OF ROME VALLEY ARE THE HUGE CROSS
RANGES CONTAINING FORT MOUNTAIN AND MANY OTHER PEAKS A FEW MILES SOUTH IS ELLIJA~ PASS. THROUGH WHICH FLOWS THE CONASAUGA RIVER, A TRI!JIJT/IRY OF THE Coo~.;, RIVER
AFTER PASSING PtNE LoG AND SHARP ToP MouNTArNS, MilCH ARE CLASSIFIED AS "MONADNOCKS", GRASSY MoUNTAIN IS NOTED ON THE EAST SIDE AT THE ENTRACE TO ELLI~AY Vt,UEY IT IS THE BEGINNING OF THE BLUER DGE MOUNTAINS WHICH EXTEND EASTWARD AND NORTHWARD THROUGH SEVERAL STATES. HERE IN GEORGIA SIGfiiFICANTLV ENOUGH, IS THE BEGINNING OF THIS RANGE OF MOUNT.\ 11;s, 1-/.t.JE::J I fl SJNG MJC STCf~\'
I CmJT i NU II~G t\ClP.T' I Ul' EL.L; J v VALLEY TO 3LUE Rf DGE ~ THE SlOPE TURNS 00\'/NVIARD TO

EVEFY SIDE TurN It~G SGUTI-I;;:tSf AIJD GO l NG UP ['.]OTT[LY RIVER, ONE CO!.JES TO BLAIRSVILLE HUGE MOUNTAINS ARE ON EVERY SIDE. To THE SOUTH IS BLOOD MOUNTAIN AND COMPANION PEAKS; OVER TWENTY MILES SOUTH IS DAHLONEGA, ON THE UPPER EDGE OF THE PIEDMONT AND r:Et,CHED THROUGH tJEEL S GAP, WHEREiN IS VOGEL ST.I\TE PARK,
CoNTINUING EAST ACROSS THE MOUNTAIN IS YOUNG HARriS AND BEYOND THAT IS HfAWAS SEE SEVERAL CROSS RANGES 11-JCREASE THE MOUNT AINO~S ASPECT OF THIS SECT I ON, FROM

10

~TAU>')!:!~ _UPLA@: THIS LARGE AREA, WHICH EXTENDS TO THE FALL-LINE HILLS, MAY APTLY BE TERMED THE
FIRST FLOOr OF OUR DOMICILE,THE STATE OF GEORGIA. IT IS A LIVING PORTION OF THIS H~ME LIKE STATE FOR A LARGE RURAL AGRICULTURAL POPULATION. BECAUSE OF ITS UTILITY AS A POTENTIAL STOCK FARM,ORCHARD AND VEGETABLE GARDEN OF THE STATE,MANY OF ITS REC REATIONAL RESOURCES HAVE BEEN UNDERESTIMATED, AND NOT FULLY INVENTORIED. NAVIGABLE STRETCHES OF RIVERS FLOW THROUGH THIS AREA, AND BROAD EXPANSES OF ROLLING FARM LANDS AND FORESTS PROVIDE ITS SCENIC THEME. IN THIS SECTION IT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT THE LONGER TRIBUTARIES OF PRINCIPAL RIVERS, NAMELY THE FLINT,0CMULGEE AND OCONEE RIVERS,ARE ON THE WESTERN SIDE OF RIVER BASINS. THE WATERSilEDS BETWEEN THESE BASINS ARE FAIRLY STRAIGHT,AND ARE ELEVATED ABOVE THE ADJACENT RIVER BEDS 200 TO 300 FEET.
THE FALL LINE WAS THE COAST OF GEORGIA MANY YEARS AGO. THE STRIP OF LAND SO DESIGNATED HAS BEEN DETERMINED LARGELY BY RECONNAISANCE AND GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH,AND IT
---GENERALLY EXTENDS FROM COLUMBUS, EAST THROUGH MACON, MILLEDGEVILLE AND AUGUSTA.
AFTER COMING "UP-STAIRS" FROM THE FALL-LINE HILLS, TliE SECOND STORY OF OUR STRUCTURE IS REACHED- THIS SECTION HAS MANY RAMIFIC/,TIONS,WHICH ARE IMPORTANT AND SIGNIF !CANT TO GEORGIA TOPOGRAPHY. THE GREAT ARCHITECT MAY DE SAID TO HAVE BUILT DORMERS, . GABLES, SPIRES, AND MANY OTHER WORKS OF HIS ART,TC ADORN THIS PART OF THE STATE.
0NL Y A FEW Ml LES NORTHEAST OF COLUMBUS ARE THE UNUSUAL AIJD DISTINCTIVE RANGES oF PINE MouNTAIN AND OAK MouNTAIN NEAR MONROE AND LINCOLNTON, THERE ALSO APPEAR SMALL MOUtHAINS IN THE TERRAIN . THIS AND OTilER FACTORS HAVE LED SDr~E GEOGRAPHE:?S TO TERM THIS AREA TIE "CENTRAL UPLAND"
ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF PINE MOUNTAIN IS WARM SPRINGS. MANY WARM SPRINGS iN
-i
/ THIS VICINITY ARE PARTLY A RESULT OF AND PARTLY THE CAUSE OF UNUSUAL GEOLOGICAL FOR W,T IONS THIS SECTION FOR SEVERAL MILES NORTH IS KNOWN AS THE GREENVILLE PLATEAU. GRADUAL~Y THE ROLLING LAND BECOMES MORE liiLLY TOWARD ATLANTA, WHICH IS LOCATED ON THE WATERSHED OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE AND SOUTH RIVERS, THE LATTER BEING ONE OF THE HEADWATER TRIBUTARIES OF THE FLINT RIVER. ACROSS THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM ATLANTA IS AN EQUALLY HIGH BROAD RIDGE. THIS RIDGE WIDENS FURTHER WEST, AND INCREASES IN ELEVATION TO FORM THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAND. THIS SECTION IS DOTTED WITH SMALL HILLS. t STARTING A FEW ~ILES WEST OF THE TALLULAH MOUNTAINS, AND EXTENDING SOUTH BY WEST TO THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAIJD TllERE ARE A STRING OF MONADNOCKS. THESE MONADNOCKS ARE HILLS OR SMALL MOUNTAINS, FORMED OF ROCKS, WHICH ARE MORE RESISTANT TO EROSION THAN THE SURROUNDING PLAIN, AND THEREFORE STAtiO ABOVE THE SURROUI~D ING PLAIN. AMONG THES:: ~nE YoNAH, PINK, SuWANEE, SwEAT AND THE TwiN PEAKS OF HISTORIC KENNESAW MouNTAIN
9

~TAU>')!:!~ _UPLA@: THIS LARGE AREA, WHICH EXTENDS TO THE FALL-LINE HILLS, MAY APTLY BE TERMED THE
FIRST FLOOr OF OUR DOMICILE,THE STATE OF GEORGIA. IT IS A LIVING PORTION OF THIS H~ME LIKE STATE FOR A LARGE RURAL AGRICULTURAL POPULATION. BECAUSE OF ITS UTILITY AS A POTENTIAL STOCK FARM,ORCHARD AND VEGETABLE GARDEN OF THE STATE,MANY OF ITS REC REATIONAL RESOURCES HAVE BEEN UNDERESTIMATED, AND NOT FULLY INVENTORIED. NAVIGABLE STRETCHES OF RIVERS FLOW THROUGH THIS AREA, AND BROAD EXPANSES OF ROLLING FARM LANDS AND FORESTS PROVIDE ITS SCENIC THEME. IN THIS SECTION IT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT THE LONGER TRIBUTARIES OF PRINCIPAL RIVERS, NAMELY THE FLINT,0CMULGEE AND OCONEE RIVERS,ARE ON THE WESTERN SIDE OF RIVER BASINS. THE WATERSilEDS BETWEEN THESE BASINS ARE FAIRLY STRAIGHT,AND ARE ELEVATED ABOVE THE ADJACENT RIVER BEDS 200 TO 300 FEET.
THE FALL LINE WAS THE COAST OF GEORGIA MANY YEARS AGO. THE STRIP OF LAND SO DESIGNATED HAS BEEN DETERMINED LARGELY BY RECONNAISANCE AND GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH,AND IT
---GENERALLY EXTENDS FROM COLUMBUS, EAST THROUGH MACON, MILLEDGEVILLE AND AUGUSTA.
AFTER COMING "UP-STAIRS" FROM THE FALL-LINE HILLS, TliE SECOND STORY OF OUR STRUCTURE IS REACHED- THIS SECTION HAS MANY RAMIFIC/,TIONS,WHICH ARE IMPORTANT AND SIGNIF !CANT TO GEORGIA TOPOGRAPHY. THE GREAT ARCHITECT MAY DE SAID TO HAVE BUILT DORMERS, . GABLES, SPIRES, AND MANY OTHER WORKS OF HIS ART,TC ADORN THIS PART OF THE STATE.
0NL Y A FEW Ml LES NORTHEAST OF COLUMBUS ARE THE UNUSUAL AIJD DISTINCTIVE RANGES oF PINE MouNTAIN AND OAK MouNTAIN NEAR MONROE AND LINCOLNTON, THERE ALSO APPEAR SMALL MOUtHAINS IN THE TERRAIN . THIS AND OTilER FACTORS HAVE LED SDr~E GEOGRAPHE:?S TO TERM THIS AREA TIE "CENTRAL UPLAND"
ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF PINE MOUNTAIN IS WARM SPRINGS. MANY WARM SPRINGS iN
-i
/ THIS VICINITY ARE PARTLY A RESULT OF AND PARTLY THE CAUSE OF UNUSUAL GEOLOGICAL FOR W,T IONS THIS SECTION FOR SEVERAL MILES NORTH IS KNOWN AS THE GREENVILLE PLATEAU. GRADUAL~Y THE ROLLING LAND BECOMES MORE liiLLY TOWARD ATLANTA, WHICH IS LOCATED ON THE WATERSHED OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE AND SOUTH RIVERS, THE LATTER BEING ONE OF THE HEADWATER TRIBUTARIES OF THE FLINT RIVER. ACROSS THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM ATLANTA IS AN EQUALLY HIGH BROAD RIDGE. THIS RIDGE WIDENS FURTHER WEST, AND INCREASES IN ELEVATION TO FORM THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAND. THIS SECTION IS DOTTED WITH SMALL HILLS. t STARTING A FEW ~ILES WEST OF THE TALLULAH MOUNTAINS, AND EXTENDING SOUTH BY WEST TO THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAIJD TllERE ARE A STRING OF MONADNOCKS. THESE MONADNOCKS ARE HILLS OR SMALL MOUNTAINS, FORMED OF ROCKS, WHICH ARE MORE RESISTANT TO EROSION THAN THE SURROUNDING PLAIN, AND THEREFORE STAtiO ABOVE THE SURROUI~D ING PLAIN. AMONG THES:: ~nE YoNAH, PINK, SuWANEE, SwEAT AND THE TwiN PEAKS OF HISTORIC KENNESAW MouNTAIN
9

'i

I

I

I

THE GOLD DEPOSITS OF NORTH GEORGIA PLAYED A VITAL PART WHEN THAT SECTION OF THE STATE WAS TAKEN FROM THE INDIANS. THEY WERE OF SUFFICIENT IMPORTANCE TO JUSTIFY

THE EST,\OLISHMENT, IN 1838, OF A BRANCH OF THE U.S. MINT, AT DAHLONEGA. THIS

BRANCH MINT WAS OPERATED UNTIL THE CIVIL WAR. THE IRON MINES AND FURNACES OF NORTH-

WEST GEORGIA SUPPLIED THE CONFEDERATE MUNITIONS PLANTS AT ATLANTA, AND WAS ONE OF

THE CAUSES FOR GENERAL SHERMAN'S CAMPAIGN FR014 CHATTANOOGA TO ATLANTA. HOWEVER, GEORGIA"S METALLIC MltJER~,L INDUSTRIES ARE NOW OF MINOR IMPORTANCE. THE STATE HAS

BECOME THE LARGEST PRODUCER OF KAOLIN t.ND FULLER 1 S EARTH, AND R/,NKS SECOND IN THE

PRODUCTION OF MARBLE AND MONUMENTAL GRANITE.

BECAUSE GEORGIA IS RICH IN GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES, THERE EXISTS IN THE STATE
MANY RECREATIONAL AREAS IN THE SCIENTIFIC CLASS UNDER THE SUB-HEADING OF "SPECIAL
GEOLOGICAL VALUES."
~

THE SOILS OF GEORG I A A.RE FAVORABLE IN TYPE AND TEXTURE TO RECRE/1 T I ONAL DEVELOP ME:'JL COMBINED WITH EXCELLENT CLI!MTIC CONDITIONS, THE SOILS MAKE POSSIBLE THE GROWTH OF MANY SPECIES OF TREES, SHRUBS, FLOWERS, AND BULBS, WHEeEOY THE LANDSCAPE OF ANY SECTION OF THE STATE MAY BE EASILY AND NATURALLY IMPROVED TO SIMULATE FLORAL CONDITIONS OF MAXIMUM BEAUTY. SUCH DESIGN SHOULD NOT BE CONFUSED WITH BEAUT!FICATION AND DECORATIVE WORK.
SOILS OF THE STATE GENERALLY LEND THEMSELVES TO EASY CULTIVATION AND RESPOND QUICKLY TO FERTILIZER. THE STATE DOES NOT CONTAIN THE !lEAVY MUCI< SOILS, WHICH WOULD BE A DRAWBACK TO THEIR USE IN THE MODERATE TEMPERATURE OF THE STATE. IN THOSE SECTIONS, WHERE SHEET EROSION HAS REMOVED LARGE QUANTITIES OF TOP SOIL, CONDI
TIONS ARE ADVERSE TO REJUVENAT\,ON OF WORN-OUT LAND. IN SECTIONS OF THE PIEDMONT
PLATEAU, THE TOP SOIL IS VERY DEEP, AND MANY TYPES OF IT HAVE A DECIDED REDDISH CAST, WHICH SHOULD NOT CAUSE IT TO BE CONFUSED WITH SUB-SOIL.
~~JER RESOURCES: WATER, AND ITS USES FOR RECREATION, IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEI-1ENT TO BE CONSID-
ERED IN OUT--DOOR RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. ANY AREA, DESIGNATED FOR SUCH DEVELOPMENT, SHOULD CONTAIN NATURAL WATER FEATURES.
''-)-THE RIVERS,ESPECIALLY BELOW THE FAL:L-LINE,ARE SUBJECT TO SO MUCH FLUCTUATION IN FLOW AND SEDIMENTATION, THAT THEIR USE FOR RECREATIONAL PURPOSES IS LIMITED. :oNSIDERATION IS BEING GIVEN TO THESE ADVERSE FACTORS IN THE CONTINUING STUDY OF WATER RESOURCES OF GEORGIA BY THE STATE PLANNING BOARD IN COOPER/,TION WITH THE

'12

~IAWASSEE STILL FURTHER EAST IS THE TALLULAH RIVER AND GORGE, WHICii FEEDS 0U~TO~ ~ESERVOIR, NESTLING IN THE CENTER OF HIGH PEAKS.
FARTHER EAST IS RABUN GAP AND CLAYTON, GEORGIA. MOUNTAINS TOWERING OVER 4,000 FEET ARE ON EVERY SIDE. TURNING SOUTH THROUGH RABUN GAP, THE NEXT FEATURE OF TOPOGRAPHY IS TALLULAH FALLS IN THE TALLULAH RIVER, WHICH IS BORDERED ON THE SOUTH AND WEST BY THE TALLULAH MOUNTAINS,
OTIER MouNTAINS: LOOKOUT MoUNTAIN, THE MAJOR PORTION OF WHICH LIES IN GEORGIA, AND PINE MoUN-
TAIN ARE bUTSTANDING MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF CONSIDERABLE RECREATIONAL VALUE TO THE STATE.
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN OCCUPIES A LARGE PORTION OF DADE COUNTY IN THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF GEORGIA. TI~E NATIONAL MILITARY PARI< IS LOCATED ON THE TIP OF THE RIDGE, WHICH EXTENDS ACROSS THE GEORGIA LINE INTO TENNESSEE NEAR CHATTANOOGA. DEVELOPMENT OF THAT PART OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, NOW AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC RECREATIONAL USE, IS EXTENDING ACROSS THE TENNESSEE LINE INTO GEORGIA.
TIE FAME OF PI~E MOUNTAIN, WITH ITS WARM SPRINGS, HAS SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. IT IS THE VACATION HOt-1E OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, WHOSE INTEREST IN THE WARM SPRINGS FOUNDATION FOR TREATMENT OF PARALYSIS SUFFERERS liAS CAUSED THE AREA TO BECOME WIDELY KNOWN. PINE MOUNTAIN STATE PARK IS AN ADDED COMPLEMENT TO THE RECREA TIONAL VALUE OF THIS AREA.
STONE MOUNTAIN, A FEW MILES EAST OF ATLANTA, AND KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, NORTii OF MARIETTA, ARE SMALL MOUNTAINS, OR MONADNOCKS, WHOSE ISOLATED OR UNIQUE CHARACTERiS V TICS HAVE RESULTED IN RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DESERVING GRE:AlER ATTENTION AND ADDED IMPROVEMENT, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE OF THEIR PROXIMITY TO ATLANTA, WHICH HAS A DEARTH OF RECREATIONAL AREAS lN ITS ENVIRONS.
RECREATIONAL RESOURCES
GEOLOGY: THE GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF THE POTENTIAL RECREATIONAL RE
SOURCES OF THE STATE.
GEORG I A S GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS RANGE IN AGE FROM THE OLDEST ROCKS TO THE ~10s RECENT SEDIMENTS, AND CONTAIN A WIDE VARIETY OF MINERALS, SOME FORTY OF WHICH ARE )F COM1,1ERCIAL VALUE. THE MII~ING OF THESE MINERALS BECAME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT OURlNG THE PAST CENTURY.
11

~IAWASSEE STILL FURTHER EAST IS THE TALLULAH RIVER AND GORGE, WHICii FEEDS 0U~TO~ ~ESERVOIR, NESTLING IN THE CENTER OF HIGH PEAKS.
FARTHER EAST IS RABUN GAP AND CLAYTON, GEORGIA. MOUNTAINS TOWERING OVER 4,000 FEET ARE ON EVERY SIDE. TURNING SOUTH THROUGH RABUN GAP, THE NEXT FEATURE OF TOPOGRAPHY IS TALLULAH FALLS IN THE TALLULAH RIVER, WHICH IS BORDERED ON THE SOUTH AND WEST BY THE TALLULAH MOUNTAINS,
OTIER MouNTAINS: LOOKOUT MoUNTAIN, THE MAJOR PORTION OF WHICH LIES IN GEORGIA, AND PINE MoUN-
TAIN ARE bUTSTANDING MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF CONSIDERABLE RECREATIONAL VALUE TO THE STATE.
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN OCCUPIES A LARGE PORTION OF DADE COUNTY IN THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF GEORGIA. TI~E NATIONAL MILITARY PARI< IS LOCATED ON THE TIP OF THE RIDGE, WHICH EXTENDS ACROSS THE GEORGIA LINE INTO TENNESSEE NEAR CHATTANOOGA. DEVELOPMENT OF THAT PART OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, NOW AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC RECREATIONAL USE, IS EXTENDING ACROSS THE TENNESSEE LINE INTO GEORGIA.
TIE FAME OF PI~E MOUNTAIN, WITH ITS WARM SPRINGS, HAS SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. IT IS THE VACATION HOt-1E OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, WHOSE INTEREST IN THE WARM SPRINGS FOUNDATION FOR TREATMENT OF PARALYSIS SUFFERERS liAS CAUSED THE AREA TO BECOME WIDELY KNOWN. PINE MOUNTAIN STATE PARK IS AN ADDED COMPLEMENT TO THE RECREA TIONAL VALUE OF THIS AREA.
STONE MOUNTAIN, A FEW MILES EAST OF ATLANTA, AND KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, NORTii OF MARIETTA, ARE SMALL MOUNTAINS, OR MONADNOCKS, WHOSE ISOLATED OR UNIQUE CHARACTERiS V TICS HAVE RESULTED IN RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DESERVING GRE:AlER ATTENTION AND ADDED IMPROVEMENT, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE OF THEIR PROXIMITY TO ATLANTA, WHICH HAS A DEARTH OF RECREATIONAL AREAS lN ITS ENVIRONS.
RECREATIONAL RESOURCES
GEOLOGY: THE GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF THE POTENTIAL RECREATIONAL RE
SOURCES OF THE STATE.
GEORG I A S GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS RANGE IN AGE FROM THE OLDEST ROCKS TO THE ~10s RECENT SEDIMENTS, AND CONTAIN A WIDE VARIETY OF MINERALS, SOME FORTY OF WHICH ARE )F COM1,1ERCIAL VALUE. THE MII~ING OF THESE MINERALS BECAME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT OURlNG THE PAST CENTURY.
11

'i

CROP YIELD
COMPARED WITH
LAND CLASSIFICATION
1934
GEORGIA-
LAND CLASSIFICATION LEGEND
AREAS UNSUITD FOR FORESTRY, GRAZING OR CULTIVATION, GENERALLY. AREA.! UNSUITE:D F'OA CROPPING; SUT ADAPTED TO FORE.STRV AND GRAZING.
FAIR fARM LAND AR[AS.
GOOD FARM LAND AREAS.
BEST FARM LAND AREAS.
URBAN ARAS
N

~
CROP YIELD LEGEND BASED ON PRODUCTION OF' 30 PRINCIPAL CROPS IN 1934. INDICE IS YIELD PER ACRE EQUATED PROPORTIONATELY BY HARVESTED ACREAGES AND LAND AREAS.
SOURCE OF' DATA: RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION (U.S.) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

CROP YIELD LEGEND

D

BELOW AVERAGE YIELD



--:E:::-:L:-INOICE~50

D- - - - ! N O I C = 1 0 0 ABOVE AVERAGE YIELD



--:;=--INOICEI50

AVERAGE INOICE= '5

10 0

10 20 30 40

$CALE IN loiiLES

STATE PLANNING BOARD lt38
W.P.A. OF' GAO.P. 485-34-3-273

CROP YIELD
COMPARED WITH
LAND CLASSIFICATION
1934
GEORGIA-
LAND CLASSIFICATION LEGEND
AREAS UNSUITD FOR FORESTRY, GRAZING OR CULTIVATION, GENERALLY. AREA.! UNSUITE:D F'OA CROPPING; SUT ADAPTED TO FORE.STRV AND GRAZING.
FAIR fARM LAND AR[AS.
GOOD FARM LAND AREAS.
BEST FARM LAND AREAS.
URBAN ARAS
N

~
CROP YIELD LEGEND BASED ON PRODUCTION OF' 30 PRINCIPAL CROPS IN 1934. INDICE IS YIELD PER ACRE EQUATED PROPORTIONATELY BY HARVESTED ACREAGES AND LAND AREAS.
SOURCE OF' DATA: RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION (U.S.) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

CROP YIELD LEGEND

D

BELOW AVERAGE YIELD



--:E:::-:L:-INOICE~50

D- - - - ! N O I C = 1 0 0 ABOVE AVERAGE YIELD



--:;=--INOICEI50

AVERAGE INOICE= '5

10 0

10 20 30 40

$CALE IN loiiLES

STATE PLANNING BOARD lt38
W.P.A. OF' GAO.P. 485-34-3-273

I

THE AVERAGE JULY TEMPERATURE OF SIX OF THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED SECTIONS OF GEORGIA (ITS SIX LARGEST CITIES) IS ABOUT 81 FAHRENHEIT. THE AVERAGE JULY TEMPER

ATURE OF FIVE AREAS LOCATED IN TilE MOST DENSELY POPULATED SECTIONS OF THE UNITED

STATES IN HIGH LATITUDE IS ABOUT 73 F. THE DIFFERENCE IS ONLY 8, HOWEVER, THE

DIFFERENCE IN AVERAGE JANUARY TEMPERATURES, USING THE SAME BAS IS OF Cot1PAR I SON, IS

OVER 20o

ALTHOUGH FROST IS NOT UNKNOWN IN GEORGIA, IT IS SIGNIFICANT THAT IN THE NORTH

ERN SECTION THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 170 GROWING DAYS, BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DATES OF

THE LAST KILLING FROST IN THE SPRING AND THE FIRST KILLING FROST IN THE AUTUMN.

THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 295 GROWING DAYS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN CORNER OF GEORGIA, NEAR THE SOUTHERN TIP OF CUMBERLAND ISLAND. 1~HUS, THE PEOPLE OF GEORG IA FIND REPRESENTED

j;

WITHIN THE CONFINES OF THE STATE, A VARIETY OF CLIMATE RANGING FROM BRISK, KEEN MOUN-

,

TAIN AIR TO WARM, FRESH SEA AIR.

NORMAL ANNUAL RAINFALL IN THE STATE IS ABOUT 53 INCHESo THIS VARIES FROM 70 INCHES IN EXCEEDINGLY VIET YEARS TO 40 INCHES IN OCCASIONAL DRIER YEARS. RAINFALL IN THE MOUNTAINOUS SECTIONS OF THE STATE, SPECIFICALLY IN THE CENTER OF THE BLUE RIDGE MoUNTAINS IN THE NORTHEASTERN PART, IS IWR11ALLY 70 INCHES PER YEAR AND GENERALLY ABOUT 66 INCHES THROUGHOUT THE HIGHLANDS. IN THIS SECTION IT HAS BEEN AS HIGH AS 87 INCHES IN WET YEARS.

Tr~ STATE GENERALLY HAS ABUNDANT RAINFALL THROUGHOUT ITS ENTIRE AREA. THE MONTHS OF OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER ARE USUALLY DRIER THAN OTHER MONTHS WHICH MAKES THIS SEASON OF THE YEAR, DURING WHICH RECREATION ACTIVITIES OF MANY KINDS REACH THEIR ZENITH, EXTREMELY DELIGHTFUL IN EVERY SECTION OF THE STATL

OF PARTICULAR ADVANTAGE TO THE COASTAL REGICNS IS THE FACT THAT RAINFALL OUR lNG EACH OF THE WARM SUMMER MONTHS OF JUNE, JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, IS GENER ALLY TWICE THAT OF THE COOLER MONTHS OF THE YEAR. COOLING SHOWERS AT COASTAL RE-": SORTS OUR ING THE SUMt.tER MONTHS, AIOED BY OCEAN BREEZES MAKE THIS SECT ION A YEAR ROUND PLAYGROUND. VARIOUS RESORTS IN THE STATE, SUCH AS AUGUSTA, INDIAN SPRINGS, WARM SPRINGS, THOMASVILLE, TYBEE ISLAND 1 8RUNSW ICK AND THE SEA ISLAIJDS, HAVE BECOME RENOWNED FOR THEIR PLEASANT YEAR-ROUND CLIMATE.

FAUNA: THE VARIED TOPOGRAPH~ AND MODERATE CLIMATE OF GEORGIA CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUP-
~oRT OF MANY SPECIES OF ANIMAL, FISH AND BIRD LIFE.

14

,_J

NATIONAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE AND OTIR STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES. ALL IMPROVE

MENTS TO WATER RESOURCES HAVE A DIRECT BEARING UPON UTILIZATION FOR RECREATION.-

REFORESTATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION THROUGHOUT THE STATE WILL RESULT IN PREVENTING

'FLOODS, REGULATING FLOW, AND MINIMIZING SILTATION IN RIVERS, THEREBY IMPROVING THE

POTENTIALITIES OF RIVERS FOR RECREATIONAL USE LIKEWISE THE CONSTRUCTION OF ADDI
.I
TIONAL STORAGE DAMS AND HYDRO~ELECTRIC POWER RESERVOIRS, WILL ADD TO THE AMOUNT OF

WATER AREA AVAILABLE FOR RECREATION
-,,
~GEORGIA IS GENERALLY DEFICIENT IN NATURAL LAKES AND PONDS.

ARTIFICAL LAKES

HAVE AUGUMENTED THIS DEFICIENCY IN THE MOUNTAINS TO A CONSIDERABLE DEGREE. HYDRO

ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENTS NEAR JACKSON AND WEST POINT, PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE

EXTENSIVE RECREATIONAL USE, THE HIGHLANDS HAVE MANY BEAUTIFUL WATERFALLS. AMICA

LOLA FALLS, ONE OF THE tlOST SPECTACULAR OF THESE, HAS NOT YET BEEN MADE ACCESSIBLE

FOR PUBLIC USE TO THE EXTENT, WHICH ITS SIZE AND BEAUTIES DESERVE.

OVER 50 MILES OF OCEAN BEACH ON GEORGIA'S SEACOAST, MOSTLY LOCATED ON THE
,_
'l -~ OCEAN 51 DE OF THE SEA ISLANDS, REMAIN A TREMENDOUS UNDEVELOPED RECREATIONAL RESOURCE. -THE CHIEF PROBLEMS IN EXTENDING THE USE OF THESE BEACH AREAS ARE:
(1) CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES TO MAKE THEM ACCESSIBLE.
(2) CONTROL OF BEACH EROSION, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY HEAVY, DUE TO STRONG NORTHWARD CURRENTS ALONG THE GEORGIA COAST, OCCASIONAL DAMAGING STORMS, AND THE EBB AND FLOW OF TIDE IN THE NUMEROUS ESTUARIES AND TIDAL RIVERS.
(3) CONTROL OF POLLUTION AND DISCOLORATION OF WATER NEAR THE MOUTHS OF LARGER RIVERS, PARTICULARLY THE SAVANNAH AND ALTAMAHA.
(4) ACQUISITION PROBLEMS DUE TO THE VERY LARGE PROPORTION OF THE BEACH AREAS NOW UNDER PRIVATE OWNERSHIP.

A GOOD SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER IS OBTAINABLE IN ALMOST ANY LOCATION, THE FEW EXCEPTIONS BEING ON HIGH RIDGES OF WATERSHEDS. ARTESIAN WATER RESOURCES ARE PARliC ULARLY AVAILABLE IN THE COASTAL PLAIN, AND SURFACE WATER ABOVE THE FALL-LINE. THERE ARE NUMEROUS SPRINGS THROUGHOUT THE STATE, MANY OF WHICH HAVE VARIED MINERAL QUALI TIES, AND HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED EITHER BY PRIVATE INTERESTS _OR ARE INCLUDED IN EXIST I tJG AND POTENTIAL STATE RECREATIONAL AREAS.

CL I t'ATE: GEORG1A ENJOYS A CLIMAT~ THE YEAR AROUND INDUCIVE TO ACTIVE RECREATION TllROUGH-
OUT THE STATE
. ,

"

13

,_J

NATIONAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE AND OTIR STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES. ALL IMPROVE

MENTS TO WATER RESOURCES HAVE A DIRECT BEARING UPON UTILIZATION FOR RECREATION.-

REFORESTATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION THROUGHOUT THE STATE WILL RESULT IN PREVENTING

'FLOODS, REGULATING FLOW, AND MINIMIZING SILTATION IN RIVERS, THEREBY IMPROVING THE

POTENTIALITIES OF RIVERS FOR RECREATIONAL USE LIKEWISE THE CONSTRUCTION OF ADDI
.I
TIONAL STORAGE DAMS AND HYDRO~ELECTRIC POWER RESERVOIRS, WILL ADD TO THE AMOUNT OF

WATER AREA AVAILABLE FOR RECREATION
-,,
~GEORGIA IS GENERALLY DEFICIENT IN NATURAL LAKES AND PONDS.

ARTIFICAL LAKES

HAVE AUGUMENTED THIS DEFICIENCY IN THE MOUNTAINS TO A CONSIDERABLE DEGREE. HYDRO

ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENTS NEAR JACKSON AND WEST POINT, PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE

EXTENSIVE RECREATIONAL USE, THE HIGHLANDS HAVE MANY BEAUTIFUL WATERFALLS. AMICA

LOLA FALLS, ONE OF THE tlOST SPECTACULAR OF THESE, HAS NOT YET BEEN MADE ACCESSIBLE

FOR PUBLIC USE TO THE EXTENT, WHICH ITS SIZE AND BEAUTIES DESERVE.

OVER 50 MILES OF OCEAN BEACH ON GEORGIA'S SEACOAST, MOSTLY LOCATED ON THE
,_
'l -~ OCEAN 51 DE OF THE SEA ISLANDS, REMAIN A TREMENDOUS UNDEVELOPED RECREATIONAL RESOURCE. -THE CHIEF PROBLEMS IN EXTENDING THE USE OF THESE BEACH AREAS ARE:
(1) CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES TO MAKE THEM ACCESSIBLE.
(2) CONTROL OF BEACH EROSION, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY HEAVY, DUE TO STRONG NORTHWARD CURRENTS ALONG THE GEORGIA COAST, OCCASIONAL DAMAGING STORMS, AND THE EBB AND FLOW OF TIDE IN THE NUMEROUS ESTUARIES AND TIDAL RIVERS.
(3) CONTROL OF POLLUTION AND DISCOLORATION OF WATER NEAR THE MOUTHS OF LARGER RIVERS, PARTICULARLY THE SAVANNAH AND ALTAMAHA.
(4) ACQUISITION PROBLEMS DUE TO THE VERY LARGE PROPORTION OF THE BEACH AREAS NOW UNDER PRIVATE OWNERSHIP.

A GOOD SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER IS OBTAINABLE IN ALMOST ANY LOCATION, THE FEW EXCEPTIONS BEING ON HIGH RIDGES OF WATERSHEDS. ARTESIAN WATER RESOURCES ARE PARliC ULARLY AVAILABLE IN THE COASTAL PLAIN, AND SURFACE WATER ABOVE THE FALL-LINE. THERE ARE NUMEROUS SPRINGS THROUGHOUT THE STATE, MANY OF WHICH HAVE VARIED MINERAL QUALI TIES, AND HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED EITHER BY PRIVATE INTERESTS _OR ARE INCLUDED IN EXIST I tJG AND POTENTIAL STATE RECREATIONAL AREAS.

CL I t'ATE: GEORG1A ENJOYS A CLIMAT~ THE YEAR AROUND INDUCIVE TO ACTIVE RECREATION TllROUGH-
OUT THE STATE
. ,

"

13

')

GEORGIA CLIMATE

N
t

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

MONTHs!! ~~~TEE HiGHLAND VALLEY PIEDMONT MIDLAND u:~:~~ ~~:~:~~ B~~~D
~~==c~-~~-~="9F===t==9====jf===~==~9~~~
,JAN... 46.3 40.3 42.0 42.6 45.7 48.9 52.2 52.7
_________ -~,:e;e.- 4-7-.-8+4-2-.-,+4-3-:-.-I-+-4-4-.2-:-+.,-4-6-.9-+-=-5-:-0-,.7-I-5::-3=-.-=-g--l-5-3-.-16 _c~~--+----1-~~-----t----+----~~~
MAR. 55.6 48.8 52.5) 52.6 55.0 58.9 60.9 61.3

APRIL 62.6 51. I 59.5 60.3 62.5 65.4 67.0 66.7

MAY 70.6 64.7 68.7 68.6 70.9 73.4 74.1 74.0

JUNE '77.i JULY 79.1

71.5 75.7 75.6 77.6 79.5 8oo;~ 74.3 78.1 77.9 79.8 81.1 81.~ 81.0

AUG. 78.6 73.5 77.5 77.0 79.0 80.7 81.3 81.2

SEPT. 74.5 69.2 72.6 72.5 74.6 76.7 77.8 77.8

-S.BA OCT. 64.0 58.1 61 .4 6 1.6 63.5 -66.3

68.8

NOV. 54-.-2-+-4-7::--.9-+-5-0-.4--+-,5-I-.-2+5-3-:-.-3+-,.5-6c_.4-+-::5..:.8..:..6--+-6:..0:....:.0-l

J--D-E_C_.--*_4_6-.-9-if-41.6 42.6 43.7 45.7 49.5 52.4 53.2-~

ANNUALI[63.1 57.4 60.4 60.7 62.9 65.5 67.3 67.5

KEY MAP

AVERAGE RAINFALL

INCHES
1--8

'i~~~~~

DEC. I JAN. I FEB. I MAR-IAPRILI MAY I JUNE I JULY I AUG. I SEPT.I ocT. I NOV. I DEc. I JAN.
I"
'

~~~}:~~ INCHES
--a-

r--7
v \ .. ..... ... 1--6- /65.62/
, \ \ "- !i. .... ,. ... ., I -5\ /50.75/
.... 4 \ ~/ -- -4- /48.63/ - ... /50.18/
... ....... 'r0. -- .. 1--3-~-

1'-o..

/

.~..," . . . . . ~!!::.~
'

~-...

,,,, '"

;',;- /

I y~
:

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INCHES

/52.66/
ANNUAL TOTALS

STATE-WIDE

J J 4.48 4.29 4.88 1 5.14 13.86 1 3.79 1 4.79 1 5.81 1 5.47 1 4.17 1 3.1o 1 2.88 14.48 1 4.29

III I

I II

I

I DEC. I JAN., FEB., MAR.,APRILI MAY I JUNE I JULY I AUG., SEPT., OCT. NOV., DEC., JAN.

/52.66/
ANNUAL TOTALS

1-
INCHES

SOURCE OF DATA,
UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU CLIMATIC SUMMARY- 1930
GEOLOGICI'.L SURVEY OF GEORGIA

-----............ ....---............ '""-""""""""""

LEGEND
HIGHLANDS VALLEY-PIEDMONT-MIDLAND ALTAMAHA UPLAND t:OASTAL TERRACES SEABOARD

STATE PLANNING BOARD 1939 W.P.A OF GA-:-OP.-865-34-3-59

')

GEORGIA CLIMATE

N
t

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

MONTHs!! ~~~TEE HiGHLAND VALLEY PIEDMONT MIDLAND u:~:~~ ~~:~:~~ B~~~D
~~==c~-~~-~="9F===t==9====jf===~==~9~~~
,JAN... 46.3 40.3 42.0 42.6 45.7 48.9 52.2 52.7
_________ -~,:e;e.- 4-7-.-8+4-2-.-,+4-3-:-.-I-+-4-4-.2-:-+.,-4-6-.9-+-=-5-:-0-,.7-I-5::-3=-.-=-g--l-5-3-.-16 _c~~--+----1-~~-----t----+----~~~
MAR. 55.6 48.8 52.5) 52.6 55.0 58.9 60.9 61.3

APRIL 62.6 51. I 59.5 60.3 62.5 65.4 67.0 66.7

MAY 70.6 64.7 68.7 68.6 70.9 73.4 74.1 74.0

JUNE '77.i JULY 79.1

71.5 75.7 75.6 77.6 79.5 8oo;~ 74.3 78.1 77.9 79.8 81.1 81.~ 81.0

AUG. 78.6 73.5 77.5 77.0 79.0 80.7 81.3 81.2

SEPT. 74.5 69.2 72.6 72.5 74.6 76.7 77.8 77.8

-S.BA OCT. 64.0 58.1 61 .4 6 1.6 63.5 -66.3

68.8

NOV. 54-.-2-+-4-7::--.9-+-5-0-.4--+-,5-I-.-2+5-3-:-.-3+-,.5-6c_.4-+-::5..:.8..:..6--+-6:..0:....:.0-l

J--D-E_C_.--*_4_6-.-9-if-41.6 42.6 43.7 45.7 49.5 52.4 53.2-~

ANNUALI[63.1 57.4 60.4 60.7 62.9 65.5 67.3 67.5

KEY MAP

AVERAGE RAINFALL

INCHES
1--8

'i~~~~~

DEC. I JAN. I FEB. I MAR-IAPRILI MAY I JUNE I JULY I AUG. I SEPT.I ocT. I NOV. I DEc. I JAN.
I"
'

~~~}:~~ INCHES
--a-

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2-

r- I
INCHES

/52.66/
ANNUAL TOTALS

STATE-WIDE

J J 4.48 4.29 4.88 1 5.14 13.86 1 3.79 1 4.79 1 5.81 1 5.47 1 4.17 1 3.1o 1 2.88 14.48 1 4.29

III I

I II

I

I DEC. I JAN., FEB., MAR.,APRILI MAY I JUNE I JULY I AUG., SEPT., OCT. NOV., DEC., JAN.

/52.66/
ANNUAL TOTALS

1-
INCHES

SOURCE OF DATA,
UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU CLIMATIC SUMMARY- 1930
GEOLOGICI'.L SURVEY OF GEORGIA

-----............ ....---............ '""-""""""""""

LEGEND
HIGHLANDS VALLEY-PIEDMONT-MIDLAND ALTAMAHA UPLAND t:OASTAL TERRACES SEABOARD

STATE PLANNING BOARD 1939 W.P.A OF GA-:-OP.-865-34-3-59

I

FORD HATCHERY- BLUE GILL BREAM AND BASS}, AND KING;S FERRY HATCHERY SHAD'\ SEDI MENTATION IS A SERIOUS DRAWBACK TO THE INCREASE OF FISH IN RIVERS. PONDS, LAI<ES

AND RIVERS IN SOME SECTIONS OF THE STATE HAVE BEEN "FISIED-OUT" TO THE EXTENT THAT

TljE MORE DESIRABLE SPECIES HAVE BECOME MORE NOTICEABLY SCARCE IN THE PAST DECADE.

SALT WATER F I.SH I NG '~EMA INS GOOD, ALTHOUGH POLLUTION IS CAUSING UNFAVORABLE
CONDITIOIJS AT Sot1t POINTS.~rJ THE RIVERS AND FOR A RADIUS OF APPROXIMATELY FIVE
MILES FROM THE COASTAL ISLANDS, THERE IS EVIDENCE OF WASTEFUL METHODS USED BY COM-MERCIAL FISHERIES WHICH DESTROY MANY I!!MATURE FORMS OF FISH LIFE. THE REVENUE FROM cmtMERCIAL FISHING ON THE GEORGIA COAST IS AN IMPORTANT RESOURCE WHOSE POTENTIAL!TIES ARE GREATER THAN IS NOW REALIZED. EN~ORCED REGULATION AND ADEQUATE PATROL TO INSURE ADHERENCE TO PROPER METHODS WILL PROVE ADVANTAGEOUS TO THIS INDUSTRY, AND PRESERVE FISHING FOR SPORTSMEN, WHO ALSO PROVIDE REVENUE TO THIS AREA THROUGH MANY CHANNELS OF TRADE.

FLORA:
GROWING IN GEORGIA ARE MORE THAN 160 SPECIES OF TREES THE HIGHLANDS SUPPORT
SPECIES COMMON TO THE NORTH, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF SPRUCE AND CANADIAN HEMLOCK. ALONG THE COAST AND IN SOUTH GEORGIA DISTINCTIVE TREE TYPES ARE PINE, OAK, AND CYPRESS. PALMETTO, CAMPHOR TREE AND OTHER BROAD LEAF EVERGREENS, GIVE THIS SECTION A SEMI-TROPICAL ASPECT.
THERE ARE MANY NATURAL HORTICULTURAL DISPLAYS IN GEORGIA, THE BEAUTIES OF WHICH REMAIN TO BE DISCOVERED AND MADE ACCESSIBLE FOR PUBLIC APPRECIATION AND ENJOYMENT. AZALEAS ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER BANK NEAR SiSTERS FERRY, -WATER LILIES IN THE COASTAL PLAIN, - RHODODENDRONS IN THE PROVIDENCE CAVES AND OTI-jER RAVINES OF' RIVER BASINS IN THE WESTERN PART OF' THE STATE, AND THE MOUNTAINS, BESIDES THE LUSH FRAGRANT FOLIAGE OF' THE HIGHLANDS, - ARE EXAMPLES OF' THE LITTLE KNOWN AND APPrECIATED EXISTENCE OF THESE DISPLAYS.
MANY SPECIES OF SMALL PLANTS ARE .NATIVE TO GEORGIA. SOME OF THE SHRUBS AND WOODY PLANTS HAVE BECOME SCARCE DUE TO FREQUENT BURNING OF THE WOODS, WHICH NOT ONLV DESTROYS THE PLANTS BUT ALSO THE SEEDS, WHICH OTHERWISE MIGHT BE TRANSPLANTED BY BIRDS OR WINDS TO MORE FAVORABLE LOCATIONS.
MANY OF THE SHRUBS AND WOODY PLANTS BEAR FRUIT, BERRIES, AND NUTS, PROVIDING FOOD FOR THE BIRDS AND SMALL MAMMALS. THE INDISCRIMINATE DESTRUCTION OF THIS CLASS OF PLANTS MATERIALLY REDUCES THE SUPPLY OF' WILDLIFE FOOD, LESSENS THE BEAUTY OF' THE WOODS, AND RESULTS IN A BARREN APPEARANCE FOR LONG STRETCHES OF LANDSCAPE ALONG iliGllW,WS :\NO NEAR POTENTIAL RESORT AREAS.

16-

THE INDIANS TRADED LARGE STORES OF SKINS WITH COLONISTS, AND GEORGIA D~RiVEu MUCH OF ITS EARLY REVENUE FROM THIS SOURCE. As SETTLEMENT PUSHED WESTWARD FROM THE COAST, AND AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS SPREAD OVER THE STATE, GAME WAS DEPRIVED OF ITS HABITAT AND SAFETY. HOWEVER, THE COASTAL AREA OF THE STATE, WHICH WAS THE SECTION FIRST SETTLED, SUPPORTS GREATER NUMBERS OF ANIMAL LIFE AT THIS TIME THAN ANY OTHER SECTION. ON THE COASTAL ISLANDS AS WELL AS THE MAINLAND ARE MANY SPECIES OF GAME INCLUDING BEAR, DEER, SQUIRREL, FOX, RACOON, OPOSSUM, WILD TURKEY, QUAIL AND MARSH HEN. THIS IS DUE TO LARGE FOREST AREAS, LOW AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AND GAME PRE SERVES, WIIICH ARE BEING LOCATED HERE BY BOTH PRIVATE INTERESTS AND THE UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. THE OKEFENOKEE AND OTHER WILD LIFE REFUGES, WHICH ARE UNDER FED ERAL 01'/NERSH I P, HAVE ALREADY PROVED THEIR VALUE IN THE INCREASED NUMBERS AND SPEC""IE1t OF ALL KINDS OF WILD LIFE.
OTHER AREAS OF THE STATE OFFER EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXTENDING THIS VALU ABLE WORK THE FLINT RIVER VALLEY IS SWAMPY BETWEEN THOMASVILLE AND AMERICUS. SMALL ANIMALS SUCH AS BEAVER, OTTER, WEASEL, MUSKRAT, MINK, AND OPOSSUM, FIND CONDI TIONS AGREEABLE TO THEIR HABITAT IN THIS AREA. BLACK MALLARD AND WOOD DUCK ARE OB SERVED MJD ALSO SDr-1ET I MES HUNTED HERE. THE SMALL BAS I tJ OF UPATOI CREEK, WHICH JOINS THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER AT FORT BENNING, ALSO SUPPLIES POTENTIAL REFUGE AREA, MUCH OF WHICH IS NOW INCLUDED IN THE FORT BENNING MILITARY RESERVATION. SECTIONS OF THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAND AfJD PARTS OF THE ARMUCHEE RIDGES, WHERE AGRICULTURAL USE AND PRODUCTION ARE LOW, AND SOIL CONDITICNS LESS FERTILE, ARE ALSO AREAS DESERVING INVEST I G/,T I ON.
BIRD LIFE IN GEORGIA IS ONE OF THE MOST ATTRACTIVE RESOURCES OF THE STATE FROM AN APPRECIATIVE RECREATIONAL STANDPOINT. THE FOUR WILD LIFE REFUGES MAINTAINED :N THE COASTAL SECTION BY THE UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL SURVEY HAVE PROVEN THE EFFICAC~ OF THE ESTABL ISHMEIJT OF SUCH REFUGES FOR T11E CONSERVATION OF 01 RD LIFE. TURKEY, QUAIL AND DOVE ARE WIDELY HUNTED IN GEORGIA, AS WELL AS THE MARSH HEN OF THE GEORGIA COAST. MANY SPECIES OF MIGRATORY WATERFOWL WINTER iN THE COASTAL SECTION WHICH LIES ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST FLIGHT V/AY. THEF~E WAS BEEN A NOTED INCREASE IN THE NUMBERS OBSERVED, DUE LARGELY TO SANCTUARY PROVIDED BY WILD LIFE REFUGES.
GEORGIA PROVIDES AMPLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR BOTH FRESH AND SALT WATER FISHING. THE STATE MAINTAINS A COLD WATER FISH HATCHERY NEAR SUMMERVILLE (COLD WATER HATCH~ ERY-RAINBOW AND BROWN TROUT, SMALL MOUTH BASS AND BREAM) AND FIVE WARM WATER HATCH ERIES. THEY ARE AT MACON (TUFT SPRINGS HATCHERY- BASS AND BLUE Gill BREAM), MILLEN :MAGNOLIA SPRINGS HATCHERY -RED BREAST BLUE GILL BREAM AND BAss), FITZGERALD (BOWENS MILL HATCHERY RED BREAST, BLUE GILL BREAM AIJD BASS), WAYS STATION (HENRY
15

THE INDIANS TRADED LARGE STORES OF SKINS WITH COLONISTS, AND GEORGIA D~RiVEu MUCH OF ITS EARLY REVENUE FROM THIS SOURCE. As SETTLEMENT PUSHED WESTWARD FROM THE COAST, AND AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS SPREAD OVER THE STATE, GAME WAS DEPRIVED OF ITS HABITAT AND SAFETY. HOWEVER, THE COASTAL AREA OF THE STATE, WHICH WAS THE SECTION FIRST SETTLED, SUPPORTS GREATER NUMBERS OF ANIMAL LIFE AT THIS TIME THAN ANY OTHER SECTION. ON THE COASTAL ISLANDS AS WELL AS THE MAINLAND ARE MANY SPECIES OF GAME INCLUDING BEAR, DEER, SQUIRREL, FOX, RACOON, OPOSSUM, WILD TURKEY, QUAIL AND MARSH HEN. THIS IS DUE TO LARGE FOREST AREAS, LOW AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AND GAME PRE SERVES, WIIICH ARE BEING LOCATED HERE BY BOTH PRIVATE INTERESTS AND THE UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. THE OKEFENOKEE AND OTHER WILD LIFE REFUGES, WHICH ARE UNDER FED ERAL 01'/NERSH I P, HAVE ALREADY PROVED THEIR VALUE IN THE INCREASED NUMBERS AND SPEC""IE1t OF ALL KINDS OF WILD LIFE.
OTHER AREAS OF THE STATE OFFER EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXTENDING THIS VALU ABLE WORK THE FLINT RIVER VALLEY IS SWAMPY BETWEEN THOMASVILLE AND AMERICUS. SMALL ANIMALS SUCH AS BEAVER, OTTER, WEASEL, MUSKRAT, MINK, AND OPOSSUM, FIND CONDI TIONS AGREEABLE TO THEIR HABITAT IN THIS AREA. BLACK MALLARD AND WOOD DUCK ARE OB SERVED MJD ALSO SDr-1ET I MES HUNTED HERE. THE SMALL BAS I tJ OF UPATOI CREEK, WHICH JOINS THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER AT FORT BENNING, ALSO SUPPLIES POTENTIAL REFUGE AREA, MUCH OF WHICH IS NOW INCLUDED IN THE FORT BENNING MILITARY RESERVATION. SECTIONS OF THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAND AfJD PARTS OF THE ARMUCHEE RIDGES, WHERE AGRICULTURAL USE AND PRODUCTION ARE LOW, AND SOIL CONDITICNS LESS FERTILE, ARE ALSO AREAS DESERVING INVEST I G/,T I ON.
BIRD LIFE IN GEORGIA IS ONE OF THE MOST ATTRACTIVE RESOURCES OF THE STATE FROM AN APPRECIATIVE RECREATIONAL STANDPOINT. THE FOUR WILD LIFE REFUGES MAINTAINED :N THE COASTAL SECTION BY THE UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL SURVEY HAVE PROVEN THE EFFICAC~ OF THE ESTABL ISHMEIJT OF SUCH REFUGES FOR T11E CONSERVATION OF 01 RD LIFE. TURKEY, QUAIL AND DOVE ARE WIDELY HUNTED IN GEORGIA, AS WELL AS THE MARSH HEN OF THE GEORGIA COAST. MANY SPECIES OF MIGRATORY WATERFOWL WINTER iN THE COASTAL SECTION WHICH LIES ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST FLIGHT V/AY. THEF~E WAS BEEN A NOTED INCREASE IN THE NUMBERS OBSERVED, DUE LARGELY TO SANCTUARY PROVIDED BY WILD LIFE REFUGES.
GEORGIA PROVIDES AMPLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR BOTH FRESH AND SALT WATER FISHING. THE STATE MAINTAINS A COLD WATER FISH HATCHERY NEAR SUMMERVILLE (COLD WATER HATCH~ ERY-RAINBOW AND BROWN TROUT, SMALL MOUTH BASS AND BREAM) AND FIVE WARM WATER HATCH ERIES. THEY ARE AT MACON (TUFT SPRINGS HATCHERY- BASS AND BLUE Gill BREAM), MILLEN :MAGNOLIA SPRINGS HATCHERY -RED BREAST BLUE GILL BREAM AND BAss), FITZGERALD (BOWENS MILL HATCHERY RED BREAST, BLUE GILL BREAM AIJD BASS), WAYS STATION (HENRY
15

THESE SHORES FOLLOWING THE DISCOVERY OF FLORIDA, IN 1513, BY PONCE DE LEON. IHE FIRST I(NOWN EUROPEANS TO TRAVERSE THE TERRI TORY OF PRIME VAL GEORG IA WERE HERNANDO DE SOTO AND HIS COMPANIONS IN 1539, WHO MARCHED INTO THE PRESENT STATE OF GEORGIA, CROSSING IT IN A NORTHEASTERLY DIRECTION TO A POINT ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER ABOUT TWENTY FIVE MILES BELOW AUGUSTA. IN 1542, AFTER EXPLORING THE SAVANNAH RIVER VALLEY FROM THE COAST TO THE MOUNTAINS, DE SOTO CAMPED FOR A MONTH ON THE SPOT APPARENTLY NOW OCCUPIED BY ROME. AFTER THIS EVENT THE COAST OF GEORGIA WAS EXPLORED BY FRENCH .AND SPANISH, FINALLY LEADING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT, IN 1566, BY PEDRO DE MENENDEZ, GOVERNOR OF FLORIDt,, OF A FORT ON Sr. CATHERINEiS ISLAND, THE FIRST SETTLE MENT IN GEORGIA. THIS WAS THE FIRST OF A CHAIN OF SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST OF GEORGIA, THE DISTRICT THEN CALLED GUALE, NAMED FOR THE OLD INDIAN CHIEF WHO RULED
THE ISLAND,
IN 1560, IN CONSEQUENCE OF TALES TOLD BY DE SOTOS RETURNING SOLDIERS, OF GOLD, SILVER AND PEARLS TO BE FOUND IN THE MOUNTAINS OF GEORGIA, LOUIS DE VELASCO SENT FOR HIS GENERAL, TRISTAN DE LUNA, TO OPEN COMMUNICATION WITH THIS REGION BY WAY OF PENSACOLA BAY. THREE HUNDRED SPANISH SOLDIERS PENETRATED DEVONO THE VALLEY OF COOSA RIVER AND SPENT THE SUMMER IN NORTH GEORGIA SEARCHING FOR TREASURE.
IN 1665 THERE WERE FIVE MISSIONS LOCATED ON THE COAST OF GEORGIA. AND IN WEST~ ERN GEORGIA ONE WAS MAINTAINED ON THE BANKS OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE R1VER AT SA:SA"C'bt:A'> WHERE BELOW THE FAL~S OF THE SAME STREAM, A GARRISON WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE MIDST OF THE APALACHICOLAS, OR LOWER CREEKS.
THE COLONY OF GEORGIA WAS FOUNDED IN 1733, 3Y JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE, ENGLISH STATESMAN AND PHILANTHROPIST. NAMED FOR GEORGE I I, THE NEW COLONY WAS TO PROVIDE REVENUE FOR ENGLAND, MILITARY DEFENSE AGAINST THE SPANISH IN FLORIDA, AND RELIEF FOR THOSE IN ENGLISH DEBTOR 1 S PRISONS. ALTHOUGH THE ENGLISH LAW AT THAT PERIOD MADE NO DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN FRAUD AND MISFORTUNE, THE FIRST COLONISTS WERE CARE FULLY SELECTED AND NO CRIMINALS ACCEPTED.
THE FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT WAS MADE IN 1733 WHEN OGLETHORPE FOUNDED SAYAN NAH, AND l0 ASHORE HIS LITTLE BAND OF 125 SETTLERS AT YAMACRAW BLUFF, ON THE SA- VANNAH RIVER, WHERE FORTS AND HOUSES WERE BUILT. PEACE WAS MADE WITH THE INDIANS THROUGH CHIEF ToMOCHICHI, BUT THE SETTLERS LIVED UNDER THE THREAT OF SPAIN UNTIL 0GLETHORPEiS VICTORY AT THE BATTLE OF THE BLOODY MARSH ON JULY 7, 1742, AFTER WHICH THE SPANISH ABANDONED GEORGIA. BY THIS VICTORY OGLETHORPE NOT ONLY FIRMLY PLANTED THE THIRTEENTH COLONY BUT HELPED ESTABLISH ENGLISH RATHER THAN SPANISH ASCENDANCY IN AMERICA.

!;j

WHILE AVAILABLE PLANT LISTS ARE NOT COMPLETE INFORMATiON AT HAND INDICATES THAT, WITH PROPER CONSERVATION METHODS AND CONTROL, THE STATE S liORTICULTURAL RE SOURCES MAY BE UTILIZED TO A GREATER DEGREE FOR CREATING AND ENHANCING AREAS OF ~A' URAL BEAUTY, THESE AREAS MAY BE INCLUDED IN PARKS, FORESTS, AND WiLDLiFE REFUGES

A THOROUGH STUDY OF THE NATURAL HORTICULTURAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA :S BEING

CONDUCTED BY EMORY UNIVERSITY, WHICH WILL INCLUDE HERBARIUMS AND COMPLETE DESCRIP

TIVE DATA THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS WORK TO THE STUDY OF RECREATION IS THREE FOLD IT

W!LL ASSIST IN TEACHING APPRECIATION OF WILD PLANT LIFE, WiLL PROVIDE LISTS OF PLANTS

FOR USE IN DESIGNING PARK AND OTHER RECREATIONAL AREAS, AND WILL ESTACLISH THE FACT

TIIAT GEORGIA liAS A WIDE VARIETY OF TREES, SHRUBS AND FLOWERING PLANTS, WHICH CAN BE

USED FOR NATURAL EFFECTS IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS ACCORDING TO EITHER PINE, OAK OR



OTHER TREE f10TIFS.

;,
ABCHAEQJ:.OG'{_;, GEORGIA WAS OCCUPIED BY THE AMERICAN INDIANS FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS BEFORE
THE COMING OF THE WHITE MAN, AND WAS PROBABLY THE MEETING POINT OF THEIR MIGRATiONAL THRUSTS FROM THE NORTH AND FROM THE GULF COAST. IT WAS THE HAPPY HUNTING GROUND AND BLOODY BATTLEFIELD OF THE CHEROKEE AND CREEl< TRIBES, AND 'liAS THE SCENE OF THEIR LOS lNG CONFLICTS WITH THE SPANISH, ENGLISH, AND FRENCII, All OF WHOM USED THE INDANS IN THEIR FIGHT FOR SUPREMACY.

NEARLY EVERY STREAM IN GEORGIA IS DOTTED WITH INTERESTING INDIAN MOUNDS OR VIL LAGE SITES NOW MARKED BY BROKEN BITS OF POTTERY AND S7 0NE ARTIFACTS THEIR sc ENTI FIC IMPORTANCE CAN BE JUDGED BY THE FACT THAT AN EMINENT AUTHORITY HAS STATED ,HA GEORGIA IS THE KEY TO THE PRE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHEAST, AND Tlii\T THE STATE CONTA,~3 THREE OF THE FOUR f.10ST INTERESTING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES EAST OF THE MISS ISS 1 PP RIVER, A'1'ffi IN ADDITION THE BEST PRESERVED EFFiGY MOUND IN THE COUNTRY
'\
\ J...-THESE MOUNDS AND VILLAGE SITES HAVE BEEN VIS ITED AND OFTEN DES PO ILED BY COLLECI
ORS OF INDIAN RELICS, ALTHOUGH SOME WERE EXCAVATED BY EARLIER ARCHAEOLOGISTS IT 1S ONLY IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS THAT A FEW MOUNDS HAVE BEEN SCIENTIFICALLY EXCAVATED WITH A VIEW OF UNRAVELLING THE COMPLICATED, OUT INTERESTING STORY OF THE CULTURES AND MIGRATIONS OF GEORGIA S FORMER CITIZENS. IF PROPERLY DEVELOPED TliiS FEATURE MAY BECOME ONE OF GEORGIA 5 LEADING RECREATIONAL ATTRACTIONS

THE EARLIEST EVENTS IN GEORGIA S HISTORY OCCURRED ON THE SEA ISLANDS AND THE ~1AINLAND BORDERING THE COAST, WHEN SPANISH ADVENTURERS AND MISSIONARIES CAME TO

17

!;j

WHILE AVAILABLE PLANT LISTS ARE NOT COMPLETE INFORMATiON AT HAND INDICATES THAT, WITH PROPER CONSERVATION METHODS AND CONTROL, THE STATE S liORTICULTURAL RE SOURCES MAY BE UTILIZED TO A GREATER DEGREE FOR CREATING AND ENHANCING AREAS OF ~A' URAL BEAUTY, THESE AREAS MAY BE INCLUDED IN PARKS, FORESTS, AND WiLDLiFE REFUGES

A THOROUGH STUDY OF THE NATURAL HORTICULTURAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA :S BEING

CONDUCTED BY EMORY UNIVERSITY, WHICH WILL INCLUDE HERBARIUMS AND COMPLETE DESCRIP

TIVE DATA THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS WORK TO THE STUDY OF RECREATION IS THREE FOLD IT

W!LL ASSIST IN TEACHING APPRECIATION OF WILD PLANT LIFE, WiLL PROVIDE LISTS OF PLANTS

FOR USE IN DESIGNING PARK AND OTHER RECREATIONAL AREAS, AND WILL ESTACLISH THE FACT

TIIAT GEORGIA liAS A WIDE VARIETY OF TREES, SHRUBS AND FLOWERING PLANTS, WHICH CAN BE

USED FOR NATURAL EFFECTS IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS ACCORDING TO EITHER PINE, OAK OR



OTHER TREE f10TIFS.

;,
ABCHAEQJ:.OG'{_;, GEORGIA WAS OCCUPIED BY THE AMERICAN INDIANS FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS BEFORE
THE COMING OF THE WHITE MAN, AND WAS PROBABLY THE MEETING POINT OF THEIR MIGRATiONAL THRUSTS FROM THE NORTH AND FROM THE GULF COAST. IT WAS THE HAPPY HUNTING GROUND AND BLOODY BATTLEFIELD OF THE CHEROKEE AND CREEl< TRIBES, AND 'liAS THE SCENE OF THEIR LOS lNG CONFLICTS WITH THE SPANISH, ENGLISH, AND FRENCII, All OF WHOM USED THE INDANS IN THEIR FIGHT FOR SUPREMACY.

NEARLY EVERY STREAM IN GEORGIA IS DOTTED WITH INTERESTING INDIAN MOUNDS OR VIL LAGE SITES NOW MARKED BY BROKEN BITS OF POTTERY AND S7 0NE ARTIFACTS THEIR sc ENTI FIC IMPORTANCE CAN BE JUDGED BY THE FACT THAT AN EMINENT AUTHORITY HAS STATED ,HA GEORGIA IS THE KEY TO THE PRE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHEAST, AND Tlii\T THE STATE CONTA,~3 THREE OF THE FOUR f.10ST INTERESTING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES EAST OF THE MISS ISS 1 PP RIVER, A'1'ffi IN ADDITION THE BEST PRESERVED EFFiGY MOUND IN THE COUNTRY
'\
\ J...-THESE MOUNDS AND VILLAGE SITES HAVE BEEN VIS ITED AND OFTEN DES PO ILED BY COLLECI
ORS OF INDIAN RELICS, ALTHOUGH SOME WERE EXCAVATED BY EARLIER ARCHAEOLOGISTS IT 1S ONLY IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS THAT A FEW MOUNDS HAVE BEEN SCIENTIFICALLY EXCAVATED WITH A VIEW OF UNRAVELLING THE COMPLICATED, OUT INTERESTING STORY OF THE CULTURES AND MIGRATIONS OF GEORGIA S FORMER CITIZENS. IF PROPERLY DEVELOPED TliiS FEATURE MAY BECOME ONE OF GEORGIA 5 LEADING RECREATIONAL ATTRACTIONS

THE EARLIEST EVENTS IN GEORGIA S HISTORY OCCURRED ON THE SEA ISLANDS AND THE ~1AINLAND BORDERING THE COAST, WHEN SPANISH ADVENTURERS AND MISSIONARIES CAME TO

17

FOR WAR ON FEBRUARY 18, A CONVENTION OF SECEDING STATES WAS HELD AT MONTGOMERY,

Ai.lAB..ufA'. AMONG THE DELEGATES FROM GEORG I A WERE: ALEX,~NDEP H. STEPHENS, ROOERT

W. TOOMBS, GEORGE

CRAWFORD, AND BENJAMIN H. HILL. A CONSTITUTION MODELED UPON THAT

OF THE UNITED STATES WAS ADOPTED. JEFFERSON DAVIS OF MISSISSIPPI WAS CHOSEN PRES!
DEIIiT; ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS, OF GEORG I A, VICE PRES I DENT; AI~D ROBERT TOOMBS, ALSO

OF GEORGIA, SECR":TARY OF STATE. UNINVADED FOR THREE YEARS, GEORGIA SENT SOLDIERS

TO l!A TTLE ELSEWHERE. THEN SHERMAN 1 S GEORG I A CA:,1PA I GN ANf"l HIS MARCH TO THE SEA,

ArTEr: TilE FALL OF ATLMJT,\ ON SEPTEMBER 2, 1864, LEFT A SWATH or DESTRUCTION FROM

THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF THE STATE TO THE COAST. SHERMAN ESTIMATED THE DAMAGE AT
$100,000,000.

OUT OF THE CHAOS LEFT BV THE \'IAR AND THROUGH THE CONFUSION OF RECONSTrUCT I ON,

GEORGIA PAINFULLY REBUILT ITSELF. AT FIRST THE STATE WOULD NOT RATIFY THE FOUR-

TEENTH AMENDMENT, GY \'IH I CH THE NEGRO RECEIVED FULL CITIZENSHIP, MJD FOR A TIME THE

PEOPLE SUFFERED UNDEr< 11ARTIAL LAW. WITH THE FINAL RATIFICATION OF THE A1.1ENDI'-1ENT

ON JULY 21, 1868, GEORGIA WAS READMITTED TO THE UNION. MUCH BITTER STRIFE OVER

THE RIGHTS or THE NEWLY HIANC I PATED NEGRO FOLLOWED. GRADUALLY AS THE CARPETBAGGERS

LEFT Tl~ STATE AND ORDER WAS RESTORED, GEORGIA ONCE MORE CEGAN TO GROW, DIRECTED ElY

W. POWERFUL LEADERS AND INSPIRED ElY HENRY

GRADY'S SPEECHES ON THE NEW SOUTH.

THE HOPE OF THE NEW SOUTH LEADEr<S WAS TO ESTABLISH GEORGIA AS AN INDUSTRIAL AS WELL AS AN AGRICULTURAL REGION. To SO~E EXTENT THIS HOPE WAS rEALIZED. THROUGH
TilE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, THE VJORLO VIAR, THE 80014 OF THE 1920 S AND THE SUBSEQUENT
NAT I ON-W I DE DEPRESS I ON, INDUSTRIAL GROWTH HAS CONTINUED UNTIL TODAY THE LARGEST PART OF TilE STATE'S INCOME COMES FROM t4ANUFACTURED PRODUCTS, PARTICULARLY THOSE OF TEXTILE MILLS. CERAMIC PLANTS AND PAPER PULP MILLS ARE RECENT IMPORTANT AND GROW lNG INDUSTRIES IN GEORGIA, SUPPORTED OY EXTENSIVE MINERAL AND FOREST RESOURCES.
ALTHOUGH ~10ST OF GEORGIA 1 S THRF.:E MILLION PEOPLE REMAIN FARMERS, THE TR/,NSITION TOWARD FURTHER INDUSTRIALIZATION IS EVIDENT. WITH PLANS FOR DIVERSIFIED FARMING AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS TAKING SHAPE, GEORG I A SHOULD MAINTAIN A HARIWN I OUS BALANCE BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL LIFE, TO TilE BENEFIT OF HIE STfiTE ,q LARGE ,,,,...f.H;I S 3ROWTH MAKES OBVIOUS THE NEED FOR RECREATIONAL PLANNING IN GEORG I A,

POPULATION

-..!..
i

RECREATIONAL AREAS ARE PRIMARILY PlA~NED, ACQUIRED AND CONSTRUCTED TO SERVE THE POPULATION. THEREFORE, IT IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE, IN THE STUDY OF RECREATION- AL NEEDS, TO HAVE AMPLE KNOWLEDGE OF PAST AND PRESENT CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION,

-20

THE TRUSTEES HOPE FOR A PROFITABLE SILK INDUSTRY SOON PROVED ll~USORY, SO THE EARLY COLONY TURNED FOR INCOME TO FARMING, LIVESTOCK, LUMBER AND FURS THE COLON\
OECAt1E A ROYAL PROVINCE IN 1753 WHEN THE ORIGINAL CHARTER EXPIRED . THE COLONISTS
NOW PERMITTED TO OWN SLAVES, COULD CULTIVATE LARGER TRACTS IMMIGRANTS FROM ABROAD
AND FROM OTHER COLONIES CAME TO SETTLE, UNTIL BY 1766 THERE WERE ALMOST 10 000 WH r Tr::s AND 7 ,8oo NEGRoEs r N GEoRG r A0 GEoRG r A s F r RsT NEwsPAPER,, THE GsQr:Gg_G.~~I;:ITE WAS ESTAGL ISHED IN 1763'
MOST REMOTE OF THE COLONIES, GEORGIA WAS SLOW TO RESPOND TO THE GROWING SPIRiT OF INDEPENDENCE THAT LED TO THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR . No DELEGATES FROM GEORGIA ATTEN
OED THE FiRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS IN 1774. LOCAL FEELING SOON REACHED REVOLUTIO~ ARY PITCH GEORGIA WAS REPRESENTED AT THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS !N 1775- iN 1776 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WAS SIGNED FOR GEORGIA BY BUTTON GWINi~Ell, L'" MAN HALL, AND GEORGE WALTON. LITTLE FIGHTING OCCURRED IN THE STATE UNTIL 1778 AND 1779, WHEN BRITISH TROOPS CAPTURED SAVANNAH, AUGUSTA, AND SUNBURY, AND GAINED CON
TROL OF GEORGIA. STARVED, RAVAGED BY SMALLPOX, TORN 8Y WHIG AND TORY CONFLICT, GEORGIA EMERGED SHATTERED FROM THE REVOLUTION TO TAKE UP THE NEW DUTIES OF S:ATE HOOD
DESPITE THE LOSSES FROM WAR AND TROUBLE WITH INDIANS THE LAST OF WHOM \'/ERE
NOT REMOVED UNTIL 1838 THE NEW STATE SOON ENTERED A PERIOD OF HEALTHY DEVELOP
MENT COTTON BECAME ITS MOST IMPORTANT CROP SOON AFTER ELl WHITNEY, SPENDING THE
WINTER OF 1793 IN GEORGIA, INVENTED THE COTTON GIN BETWEEN 1790 AND 1800 GEORGIA S POPULATION INCREASED FROM 82,548 TO 162,686; FROM 1800 TO 1839, IT SWELLED , C 691,392.
THE INCREASE OF TOWNS AND FARM LANDS HASTENED THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETTER MEA~, OF TRMJSPORTATION, FORMERLY RESTRICTED TO WATERWAYS. NEW WAGON ROADS AND TURN
PIKES WERE BUILT RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION BEGAN IN 1833, FURTHER STIMULATING !N~US
TRY AND COMMERCE THE TOWN OF ATLANTA, NOW THE STATE S LARGEST CITY" GREW UP A-, THe_ JUNCTION OF THE STATE S MAIN RAILWAYS" MEANWHILE, DEVELOPMENT \~AS PROCEED 1NG 1N OTHER FIELDS, NOTABLY EDUCATION. THE STATE UNIVERSITY OPENED 1rs DOORS AT ATHENS
IN 1801,, BUT IT WAS NOT UNTIL 1858 THAT AN ADEQUATE PROGRAM FOR GENERAL EDUCATION WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1842 CRAWFORD W. LONG, ALMOST THROUGH ACCIDENT, FIRST DISCOVER
ED THE ANESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SULPHURIC ETHER AND THEREGY BANISHED PAIN FROM THE OPER AT!NG T!IBLE
FROM THE FIRST THE SLAVERY QUESTION STIRRED DEEP FEELING IN GEORGIA THE STATE
DECLARED ITS SECESSION ON JANUARY 19, 1861, AND GOVERNOR JOSEPH E. BROWN PREPARED
-1~

THE TRUSTEES HOPE FOR A PROFITABLE SILK INDUSTRY SOON PROVED ll~USORY, SO THE EARLY COLONY TURNED FOR INCOME TO FARMING, LIVESTOCK, LUMBER AND FURS THE COLON\
OECAt1E A ROYAL PROVINCE IN 1753 WHEN THE ORIGINAL CHARTER EXPIRED . THE COLONISTS
NOW PERMITTED TO OWN SLAVES, COULD CULTIVATE LARGER TRACTS IMMIGRANTS FROM ABROAD
AND FROM OTHER COLONIES CAME TO SETTLE, UNTIL BY 1766 THERE WERE ALMOST 10 000 WH r Tr::s AND 7 ,8oo NEGRoEs r N GEoRG r A0 GEoRG r A s F r RsT NEwsPAPER,, THE GsQr:Gg_G.~~I;:ITE WAS ESTAGL ISHED IN 1763'
MOST REMOTE OF THE COLONIES, GEORGIA WAS SLOW TO RESPOND TO THE GROWING SPIRiT OF INDEPENDENCE THAT LED TO THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR . No DELEGATES FROM GEORGIA ATTEN
OED THE FiRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS IN 1774. LOCAL FEELING SOON REACHED REVOLUTIO~ ARY PITCH GEORGIA WAS REPRESENTED AT THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS !N 1775- iN 1776 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WAS SIGNED FOR GEORGIA BY BUTTON GWINi~Ell, L'" MAN HALL, AND GEORGE WALTON. LITTLE FIGHTING OCCURRED IN THE STATE UNTIL 1778 AND 1779, WHEN BRITISH TROOPS CAPTURED SAVANNAH, AUGUSTA, AND SUNBURY, AND GAINED CON
TROL OF GEORGIA. STARVED, RAVAGED BY SMALLPOX, TORN 8Y WHIG AND TORY CONFLICT, GEORGIA EMERGED SHATTERED FROM THE REVOLUTION TO TAKE UP THE NEW DUTIES OF S:ATE HOOD
DESPITE THE LOSSES FROM WAR AND TROUBLE WITH INDIANS THE LAST OF WHOM \'/ERE
NOT REMOVED UNTIL 1838 THE NEW STATE SOON ENTERED A PERIOD OF HEALTHY DEVELOP
MENT COTTON BECAME ITS MOST IMPORTANT CROP SOON AFTER ELl WHITNEY, SPENDING THE
WINTER OF 1793 IN GEORGIA, INVENTED THE COTTON GIN BETWEEN 1790 AND 1800 GEORGIA S POPULATION INCREASED FROM 82,548 TO 162,686; FROM 1800 TO 1839, IT SWELLED , C 691,392.
THE INCREASE OF TOWNS AND FARM LANDS HASTENED THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETTER MEA~, OF TRMJSPORTATION, FORMERLY RESTRICTED TO WATERWAYS. NEW WAGON ROADS AND TURN
PIKES WERE BUILT RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION BEGAN IN 1833, FURTHER STIMULATING !N~US
TRY AND COMMERCE THE TOWN OF ATLANTA, NOW THE STATE S LARGEST CITY" GREW UP A-, THe_ JUNCTION OF THE STATE S MAIN RAILWAYS" MEANWHILE, DEVELOPMENT \~AS PROCEED 1NG 1N OTHER FIELDS, NOTABLY EDUCATION. THE STATE UNIVERSITY OPENED 1rs DOORS AT ATHENS
IN 1801,, BUT IT WAS NOT UNTIL 1858 THAT AN ADEQUATE PROGRAM FOR GENERAL EDUCATION WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1842 CRAWFORD W. LONG, ALMOST THROUGH ACCIDENT, FIRST DISCOVER
ED THE ANESTHETIC EFFECTS OF SULPHURIC ETHER AND THEREGY BANISHED PAIN FROM THE OPER AT!NG T!IBLE
FROM THE FIRST THE SLAVERY QUESTION STIRRED DEEP FEELING IN GEORGIA THE STATE
DECLARED ITS SECESSION ON JANUARY 19, 1861, AND GOVERNOR JOSEPH E. BROWN PREPARED
-1~

GEORGIA PARK PARKWAY & RECREATIONAL AREA STUD'I'
POPULATION TREND
I

''-l,m_rlc'Jf""lI"Il~

PIKE:
--,J---

i IIi~~

! DALE

I

! /-,_ rj-

~ilr --~ ~- J- --

1 L' ~"

GENEVA

I

JlJJil
1-iOL MES '

I

IN ORDER TO PREDICT PROBABLE FUTURE TRENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS. THE STATE PLANNING BOARD OF GEORGIA HAS MADE AN EXTENSIVE STUDY OF POPULATION, WHICH HAS BEEN OF GREAT

VALUE IN THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF RECREATIONAL AREA NEEDS.

THE POPULATION OF GEORGIA .HAS SHOWN A FAIRLY UNIFORM RATE OF INCREASE FROM 82,548 IN 1790 TO 2,908,506 IN 1930, HOWEVER, IN THE DECADE 1920 TO 1930, THE IN CREASE WAS ONLY 12,674 OR 0.4 PERCENT, AS COMPARED WITH AN INCREASE IN THE UNITED STATES OF 16 1 PERCENL THIS SMAlL INCREA.SE IN GEORGIA WAS DUE LARGELY TO THE
HEAVY MIGRATI.ON, PARTICULARLY NEGRO, TO THE INDUSTRIAL CENTERS OF THE NORTH IT iS
PROBAIJL.E THAT TljE DEPRESS I ON YEARS, LACK OF JOBS AND LACK OF HIGHER WAGE INDUCE MENTS IN THE NORTH HAVE CAUSED AN APPRECIABLE RETURN OF POPULATION TO GEORGIA ALS0 IT IS PROBABLE THAT THE PRESENT I NOUSTR It,L DEVELOPMENTS, AND THE I~1PROVEMEtH OF SCHOOL AND HEALTH CONDITIONS, ARE REDUCING MIGRATION OUT OF THE STATE AND POSSiGL CAUSING IMMIGR~TION. INTO THE STATE. THE CORRECTNESS OF THESE OPINIONS CANNOT BE FULLY DETERMINED UNTIL THE 1940 CENSUS IS TAKEN.

GEORGIA, IN 1930, HAD AN URBAN POPULATION OF 895,492, REPRESENTING 30 8 PER CENT OF THE TOTAL. THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE WAS 56.2 PERCENT URBAN TJ-1E UR B.AN WHITE POPULATION OF GEORGIA WAS 578,550 OR 64,6 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL UROt,N AND THE URBAN NEGRO 316,637'0R 35.4 PERCENT. THERE WAS ONLY ONE CITY OF OVER 100.000 POPULATION,, IT BEING ATLANTA, WITH A POPULATION OF 270,366 WITHIN ITS CITY LIMITS AND 370,920 WITHIN ITS METROPOLITAN DISTRICT, THERE WERE FOUR CITIES BETWEEN
25,000 AND tOO 000 POPULATION, NAMELY, SAVANNAH, AUGUSTA, MACON, AND COLUMBUS SA
VANNAH, THE LARGEST OF THIS GROUP, CONTAINED 85,024 WITHIN ITS CITY LIMITS AND 105,431 WITHIN ITS METROPOLITAN DISTRICT. THERE WERE 10 CITIES BETWEEN 10 000 AND 25,000 POPULATION, NAMELY, ROME, LAGRANGE, ATHENS, WAYCROSS, ALBANY, BRUNSWICK VALDOSTA, DECATUR, THOMASVILLE AND GRIFFIN. THERE WERE 49 INCORPORATED PLACES DE TWEEN 2,500 AND 10,000 POPULATION.

ltJ THE LARGER CITit'S OF ATLANTA, SAVANtIAH, AUGUSTA, MACON AND COLUMBUS, THE NEEDED TYPES OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF OTHER CITIES OF THE SOUTH OF SIMILAR SIZE. CITIES BETWEEN 10,000 AND 25,000 POPULATION, PRESENT MORE SPECIALIZED PROBLEMS" FOR INSTANCE, ATHENS IS A COLLEGE TOWN, WAYCROSS A RAILROAD CENTER, BRUNSWICK A RESORT SECTION, AND DECATUR A LARGE RESIDENTIAL SUBURB OF AT LANTA. EACH OF THESE FACTORS TENDS TO OUTWEIGH THE NORMAL NEEDS OF AVERAGE TOWNS AND CITIES OF THIS SIZE, SO THAT SPECIAL STUDY IS NECESSARY IN EACH CASE, AND GEN ERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ARE NOT PRACTICALLY APPLICABLE.

THE RURAL NON-FARM POPULATION IN 1930 WAS 599,295 OR 20"6 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL

21

I

IN ORDER TO PREDICT PROBABLE FUTURE TRENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS. THE STATE PLANNING BOARD OF GEORGIA HAS MADE AN EXTENSIVE STUDY OF POPULATION, WHICH HAS BEEN OF GREAT

VALUE IN THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF RECREATIONAL AREA NEEDS.

THE POPULATION OF GEORGIA .HAS SHOWN A FAIRLY UNIFORM RATE OF INCREASE FROM 82,548 IN 1790 TO 2,908,506 IN 1930, HOWEVER, IN THE DECADE 1920 TO 1930, THE IN CREASE WAS ONLY 12,674 OR 0.4 PERCENT, AS COMPARED WITH AN INCREASE IN THE UNITED STATES OF 16 1 PERCENL THIS SMAlL INCREA.SE IN GEORGIA WAS DUE LARGELY TO THE
HEAVY MIGRATI.ON, PARTICULARLY NEGRO, TO THE INDUSTRIAL CENTERS OF THE NORTH IT iS
PROBAIJL.E THAT TljE DEPRESS I ON YEARS, LACK OF JOBS AND LACK OF HIGHER WAGE INDUCE MENTS IN THE NORTH HAVE CAUSED AN APPRECIABLE RETURN OF POPULATION TO GEORGIA ALS0 IT IS PROBABLE THAT THE PRESENT I NOUSTR It,L DEVELOPMENTS, AND THE I~1PROVEMEtH OF SCHOOL AND HEALTH CONDITIONS, ARE REDUCING MIGRATION OUT OF THE STATE AND POSSiGL CAUSING IMMIGR~TION. INTO THE STATE. THE CORRECTNESS OF THESE OPINIONS CANNOT BE FULLY DETERMINED UNTIL THE 1940 CENSUS IS TAKEN.

GEORGIA, IN 1930, HAD AN URBAN POPULATION OF 895,492, REPRESENTING 30 8 PER CENT OF THE TOTAL. THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE WAS 56.2 PERCENT URBAN TJ-1E UR B.AN WHITE POPULATION OF GEORGIA WAS 578,550 OR 64,6 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL UROt,N AND THE URBAN NEGRO 316,637'0R 35.4 PERCENT. THERE WAS ONLY ONE CITY OF OVER 100.000 POPULATION,, IT BEING ATLANTA, WITH A POPULATION OF 270,366 WITHIN ITS CITY LIMITS AND 370,920 WITHIN ITS METROPOLITAN DISTRICT, THERE WERE FOUR CITIES BETWEEN
25,000 AND tOO 000 POPULATION, NAMELY, SAVANNAH, AUGUSTA, MACON, AND COLUMBUS SA
VANNAH, THE LARGEST OF THIS GROUP, CONTAINED 85,024 WITHIN ITS CITY LIMITS AND 105,431 WITHIN ITS METROPOLITAN DISTRICT. THERE WERE 10 CITIES BETWEEN 10 000 AND 25,000 POPULATION, NAMELY, ROME, LAGRANGE, ATHENS, WAYCROSS, ALBANY, BRUNSWICK VALDOSTA, DECATUR, THOMASVILLE AND GRIFFIN. THERE WERE 49 INCORPORATED PLACES DE TWEEN 2,500 AND 10,000 POPULATION.

ltJ THE LARGER CITit'S OF ATLANTA, SAVANtIAH, AUGUSTA, MACON AND COLUMBUS, THE NEEDED TYPES OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF OTHER CITIES OF THE SOUTH OF SIMILAR SIZE. CITIES BETWEEN 10,000 AND 25,000 POPULATION, PRESENT MORE SPECIALIZED PROBLEMS" FOR INSTANCE, ATHENS IS A COLLEGE TOWN, WAYCROSS A RAILROAD CENTER, BRUNSWICK A RESORT SECTION, AND DECATUR A LARGE RESIDENTIAL SUBURB OF AT LANTA. EACH OF THESE FACTORS TENDS TO OUTWEIGH THE NORMAL NEEDS OF AVERAGE TOWNS AND CITIES OF THIS SIZE, SO THAT SPECIAL STUDY IS NECESSARY IN EACH CASE, AND GEN ERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ARE NOT PRACTICALLY APPLICABLE.

THE RURAL NON-FARM POPULATION IN 1930 WAS 599,295 OR 20"6 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL

21

GEORGIA PARK PARKWAY&. RECRE.ATK:>N,I>..L AREA Sruo'V
+

GEORGIA PARK PARKWAY&. RECRE.ATK:>N,I>..L AREA Sruo'V
+

OF THIS 400,499 OR 66.8 PERCENT WAS WHITE AND 198,724 OR 33.2 PERCENT WAS NEGRO THERE WERE 91 INCORPORATED PLACES BETWEEN 1,000 AND 2,500 POPULATION AND 438 OF LESS THMJ 1 ,.000. TI1ERE ARE NUMEROUS UNINCORPORATED PLACES IN GEORG IA, THE MAJOR ITV HAVING LE::,s THAN 1,000 POPULATION

THE RURAL FARM POPULATION IN 1930 VIAS 1,413,719 OR 48.6 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL AS COMPARED WITH 24.6 PERCENT FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
THE RURAL FARM WHITE POPULATION WAS 857,925 OR 60.7 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL RURAL FARM AND THE RUFUL FARM NEGRO 555,764 OR 39.3 PERCENT. THE TOTAL RURAL POPULATION HAS SHOWN A UNIFORM DECREASE FROM 90.6 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL POPULATION IN 1880 TO 69 2 PERCENT IN 1930. THE AVERAGE DENSITY OF RURAL FARM POPULATION WAS 24.1 PERSONS PER SQUARE MILE IN 1930.

,

)

IN SMALLER TOWNS AND VILL~GES, THE TENDENCIES TOWARD RECREATION AMONG MEN AND

BOYS HAVE BEEN LARGELY TO HUNTING AND FISHING. AN ALMOST INHERENT AND INSTINCTIVE

LIKING FOR THESE OUT DOOR ACTIVITIES PROVIDES AN IMPORTANT OUTLET FOR THEIR DEMANDS

FOR RECREATION. AMONG LAND OWNERS, FAMILIES INVARIABLY SEEK THE SEASHORE OR THE

MOUNTAINS DURING THE WARM SUMMER MONTHS, ESPECIALLY WHEN CROP PROSPECTS ARE GOOD-

To TH 1 s GROUP THE DEVELOPMENT OF STATE PARKS AND NATUR,~L REsouRcE RE:S~n\fATIONS 1 s

PARTICULARLY ATTRACTIVE

X

AMONG THE WHITE TENANT CLASS OF FARMING POPULATION, RECREATION AMONG THE MEN

AND BOYS ALSO CONSISTS LARGELY OF HUNTING AND FISHING. FORMS OF FAMILY AND GROUP

RLCREATION CONSIST MOSTLY OF OLD FASHIONED CHURCH SOCIABL:OS, BARBECUES, SPORTS AND

SPECIAL EVENTS. At~ONG THIS GROUP, WHOSE C;\SH INCOME IS LOW, IT MAY BE ANTICIPATED

THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS WILL PROVIDE ADDED OPPORTUNITY

FOR COMMUNITY RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND GATHERINGS, FACILITIES FOR WHICH, AMONG

FARM DWELLERS IN GEORGIA, ARE WOEFULLY INADEQUATE; IN FACT PRACTICALLY LACKING.

THE WHITE POPULATION OF GEORGIA IN 1930 WAS 1,836,974 OR 63.2 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL. WHITES ARE PREDOMINANT IN THE SECTIONS ABOVE AND BELOW A STRIP OF 50 TO 100 MiLES IN WIDTH EXTENDING ACROSS THE CENTRAL PART OF THE STATE, KNOWN AS THE COTTON BELT-

THE NEGRO POPULATION IN 1930 WAS 1,071,125 OR 36.8 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL AS COMPARED WITH 9.7 PERCENT FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. THE NEGRO IS PREDOMINANT IN THE ABOVE MENTiONED COTTON BELT. THERE ARE VERY FEW NEGROES IN THE FAN-SHAPED SECTION EXTENDING FROM ATLANTA TO THE TWO NORTHERN CORNERS OF THE STATE, ONE COUNTY IN THIS SECT I ON HAVING NO NEGROES AND F' IVE COONT1 ES LtSS THAN 100 E~CR'. -GE~~ IJl. HAS THE LARGEST NUMBER OF NEGROES OF ANY STATE IN THE COUNTRY; HOWEVER, THERE ARE TWO

. 22

+

+

+

+

HEALTH IMPROVEMENT

1936 TO 1937

-GEORGIA-

I

DECREASE IN RATE PfR 100,000 POPULATION OF FIVE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH

PRCENTAGE DECREAS(

PERCENTAGE

60 50 .oiO 30 20

10

10 20 30

60

MALAR I A------- -62.1 TYPHOID FEVER----29. 7 Dl PHTHERIA--- ----- 15.0 TUBERCULOSIS-----II 4 INFANT UORTALITY-10.4

~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF" PUBLIC HEALTH

STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

.-.

TYPHOID FEVER
DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND ADJOINING

GEORGIA

io eo' 1 9 3 7 - - - - - - - - - - - --1e35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 8 3 7

O r80 SOPERC:CNTA<;~ DEc:0EASE I O

PER~~NTA~~ IN~~EASE!>C)

I

I

I

I

I

GEORGIA--------- 47.7 ALABAMA-- ------34.5 N CAROLINA----- -4.2

~ S. CAROLINA--- IJ. 7

TENNESSEE----- 26 9

I

I

\

\

\

~ QEDATA; ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR- 1937

DEPARTMENT OF" PUBLIC HEALTH

1

I

I

I

1

I

STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

TUBERCULOSIS
DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND ADJOINING
GEORGIA

r

- I
GEORGIA---------13.0

ALABAMA-- ------0.7 N. CAROLINA------ 4.6

-

S CAROLINA----- 0.0

TENNESSEE------ 1.4

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

$0URCE QE DATA;

ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR- 1937

DEPARTMENT OF" PUBLIC HEALTH

1

L

I

I

_l

STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

STATES EXCEEDING IN THE PERCENTAGE NEGRO. THE PERCENTAGE NEGRO IN GEORGIA HAS D~ CREASED FROM 46,7 IN 1900 TO 36.8 IN 1930.
THERE ARE VERY FEW RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR NEGROES IN THE STATE THEiR \( FORMS OF RECREATION ARE PECULIAR TO THEIR RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND AMONG THE
WORKING CLASSES TEND TO SOCIABILITY CENTERED AROUND THE CHURCHES, WITH SATURDAY A DAY FOR MASSED GATHERING IN THE SHOPPING CENTERS OF THE NEAREST SMALL TOWN OR CITY FOR THIS GROUP SIMPLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENTS, SUCH AS PLAYFIELDS WITH BARBECUE GROUNDS AND SWIMMING POOLS, PRESENT THE LOGICAL STEP FOR RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THESE DEVELOPMENTS CAN BE PROVIDED ECONOMICALLY IN SEPARATE SECTIONS OF NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS,
GOVERNMENT SERVICES
AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH RECREATION: THE INTEREST OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES IN RECREATION SHOULD BECOME MORE
GENERALLY KNOWN TO THE CITIZENS AND TAXPAYERS. LEADING GOVERNMENTAL SERViCES WHICH HAVE DIRECT BEARING ON THE WELFARE O~THE PEOPLE AND ARE CONSEQUENTLY ASSOC AlE~ WITH THEIR ENJOYMENT OF RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ARE HEALTH, EDUCATION AND TRAt'SPOR TAT ION.
THE WORKS OF MANY FEDERAL AND STATE DEPARTMENTS ARE HELPFUL TO THIS PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. A CORRELATION OF THE PROGRAMS OF THOSE VARIOUS AGENCIES iS NECES SARY IN ORDER TO PROMOTE AN ADEQUATE RECREATIONAL PROGRAM IN GEORGIA
THE STATE PLANNING BOARD HAS MADE EXTENSIVE STUDIES OF RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES. THE DIVISION oF STATE PARKS, HISTORiC SITES AND MoNUMENTS, DE PARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES IS CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF STATE PARKS. THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, BESIDES COOPERATING WITH THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS AND THE STATE PLANNING BOARD, ADMINiSTERS FIVE NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND BATTLEFIELD PARKS AND THREE RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS WHICH ARE PLAN NED PRIMARILY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZED CAMPING FACILITiES. THE U S FOREST SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED AND OPERATES ELEVEN RECREATIONAL AREAS LOCATED IN THE CHAT TAHOOCHEE NATIONAL FOREST. THE LAND UTILIZATION DIVISION OF THE SOIL CoNSERVA TION SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED THREE AREAS IN THE STATE ON WHICH A THREE-FOLD PRO
GRAM HAS BEEN FOLLOWED INCLUDING FORESTRY, WILDLIFE AND RECREATION. THE U S 810
LOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTERS FOUR WILDLIFE REFUGES. THE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS HAS COOPERATED WITH THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, U, 5 FOR EST SERVICE, AND THE U. S. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR AREAS AND
23

STATES EXCEEDING IN THE PERCENTAGE NEGRO. THE PERCENTAGE NEGRO IN GEORGIA HAS D~ CREASED FROM 46,7 IN 1900 TO 36.8 IN 1930.
THERE ARE VERY FEW RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR NEGROES IN THE STATE THEiR \( FORMS OF RECREATION ARE PECULIAR TO THEIR RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND AMONG THE
WORKING CLASSES TEND TO SOCIABILITY CENTERED AROUND THE CHURCHES, WITH SATURDAY A DAY FOR MASSED GATHERING IN THE SHOPPING CENTERS OF THE NEAREST SMALL TOWN OR CITY FOR THIS GROUP SIMPLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENTS, SUCH AS PLAYFIELDS WITH BARBECUE GROUNDS AND SWIMMING POOLS, PRESENT THE LOGICAL STEP FOR RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THESE DEVELOPMENTS CAN BE PROVIDED ECONOMICALLY IN SEPARATE SECTIONS OF NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS,
GOVERNMENT SERVICES
AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH RECREATION: THE INTEREST OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES IN RECREATION SHOULD BECOME MORE
GENERALLY KNOWN TO THE CITIZENS AND TAXPAYERS. LEADING GOVERNMENTAL SERViCES WHICH HAVE DIRECT BEARING ON THE WELFARE O~THE PEOPLE AND ARE CONSEQUENTLY ASSOC AlE~ WITH THEIR ENJOYMENT OF RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ARE HEALTH, EDUCATION AND TRAt'SPOR TAT ION.
THE WORKS OF MANY FEDERAL AND STATE DEPARTMENTS ARE HELPFUL TO THIS PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. A CORRELATION OF THE PROGRAMS OF THOSE VARIOUS AGENCIES iS NECES SARY IN ORDER TO PROMOTE AN ADEQUATE RECREATIONAL PROGRAM IN GEORGIA
THE STATE PLANNING BOARD HAS MADE EXTENSIVE STUDIES OF RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES. THE DIVISION oF STATE PARKS, HISTORiC SITES AND MoNUMENTS, DE PARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES IS CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF STATE PARKS. THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, BESIDES COOPERATING WITH THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS AND THE STATE PLANNING BOARD, ADMINiSTERS FIVE NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND BATTLEFIELD PARKS AND THREE RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS WHICH ARE PLAN NED PRIMARILY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZED CAMPING FACILITiES. THE U S FOREST SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED AND OPERATES ELEVEN RECREATIONAL AREAS LOCATED IN THE CHAT TAHOOCHEE NATIONAL FOREST. THE LAND UTILIZATION DIVISION OF THE SOIL CoNSERVA TION SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED THREE AREAS IN THE STATE ON WHICH A THREE-FOLD PRO
GRAM HAS BEEN FOLLOWED INCLUDING FORESTRY, WILDLIFE AND RECREATION. THE U S 810
LOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTERS FOUR WILDLIFE REFUGES. THE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS HAS COOPERATED WITH THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, U, 5 FOR EST SERVICE, AND THE U. S. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR AREAS AND
23

HAS FURNISHED LABOR AND FUNDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOST OF THESE AREAS. THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION IS FURNISHING LABOR AND MATERIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES, WHICH RESULTED FROM ITS EX TENSIVE RESEARCH, EXPLORATION, AND PLANNING PROJECTS. THIS AGENCY, THROUGH ITS Dl VISION OF RECREATION, HAS FURNISHED RECREATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISION FOR MOST MUNICIPALiTIES THROUGHOUT THE STATE.
4 CORRELATION OF THE PROGRAMS OF THE STATE DEPARTMENTS OF PUGLIC HEALTH, EDUCA
T!ON, HIGHWAY AND PUBLIC SAFETY WILL ASSIST MATERIALLY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COOR DINATED RECREATIONAL AREA PROGRAM FOR THE STATE.
v/f:!EALLtJ AND SANIHTION ALONG WITH THE IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES THROUGH
OUT THE STATE, THERE HAVE BEEN VERY RADICAL IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALTH AND SANITATION
DURING THE EARLY DAYS OF SETTLEMENT IN GEORGIA, THE PLANTERS ALONG THE COAST FEARED MALARIA AS MUCii AS INDIAN ATTACKS OR SPANISH INVASIONS. TRADITION HAS IT THAT THE ENDURANCE OF MANY A RIDING HORSE WAS TAXED TO THE LIMIT BY PLANTATION OWN ERS IN THEIR ANXIETY TO GET OUT OF THE RICE FIELDS BEFORE NIGHTFALL.
THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH HAS PURSUED A PURPOSEFUL PROGRAM TO ELIMINATE THE CAUSE OF TillS DISEASE. IN ADDITION TO THE LATEST APPROVED MEDICAL TREATMENTS, IT HAS, WITH THE HELP OF THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER NATIONAL EMERGENCY AGENCIES, CONDUCTED EXTENSIVE DRAINAGE PROJECTS AND PREVENTIVE TREATMENT PROGRAMS.
IN THE SPACE OF ONLY A FEW YEARS THE DANGER OF MALARIAL INFECTION HAS BEEN GREATLY MINIMIZED, THIS IS SHOWN IN CAREFULLY COMPILED VITAL STATISTICS OF THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH AND OF THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.
THE DECREASE IN DEATH RATE PER 1)0,000 POPULATION FROM 1936 TO 1937 IN GEORGIA WAS 62.1% THE PEAKS OF THE MALARIAL CYCLE, WHICH APPROXIMATE SEVEN YEARS, HAVE STEADILY DECLINED THE PEAK OF 1929 'WAS APPROXIMATELY 58% ABOVE 14.6 DEJ'.THS PER 100,000 PEOPLE, WHICH WAS THE AVER~GE FOR 1929 THROUGH 1936. THE PEAK OF 1936, HOW EVER, WAS ONLY ABOUT 31% HIGHER THAN THIS DEATH RATE OF 14.6 PER 100,000 POPULATiON THE 1937 RECORD IS A NEW L0\'1 FOR THE STATE#OF ONLY 7.3 DEATHS PER 100,000.
DIARRHOEA IS ANOTHER PREVENTABLE DISEASE THAT HAS DECLINED IN GEORGIA. SINCE 1924 THE DECLINE IN DEATHS DUE TO THIS CAUSE HAS BEEN OVER 60%. DIPHTHERIA IN THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS HAS BEEN REDUCED BY OVER 60%. TUBERCULOSIS, WHICH TAKES ITS GREATEST TOLL FROM THE COLORED POPULATION OF THE STATE, HAS BEEN REDUCED ABOUT 40%
'24

> >

~ -------

MALi\RIA

DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION

CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND ADJOINING

I

GEORGIA

GEORGIA-------- 41 4
ALABAMA-------- 30.7 N CAROLINA----- 0.0
TENNESSEE------ 52.6 L _j
~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPORT OF Dl RECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

S CAROLINA------ 9.8
STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

DIPHTHERIA

DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND AD..OINING

GEORGIA

1 50 sci' 1 9 3 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 3 5 ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 3 7

60

sd'ERC:ONTA';EO DEc:0EASE IO

l\

/ER~~NTA~~ IN~~EASE

I

GEORGIA--------- 35.8

ALABAMA----- ---24.4

N. CAROLINA------2. I

TENNESSEE------ 25.0

I

I

I

SOURCE QE DATA:

ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR- 1937

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

S. CAROLINA---- --111.11

I

I

I

I

I

I

STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

INFANT MORTALITY

DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937; IN AND ADJOINING

GEORGIA

1937-------------1935-- -- -----------1937

........ PERCENTAGE DECREASE ...

.. PERCENTAGE INCREASE .......,

50 <10 30 20

10

10 20 30 40 50 60

GEORGIA---------7.8
N.CAROLINA------ 5.7
TENNESSEE------ 4.8 ~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPO.RT OF DIRECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

ALABAMA--------1.0
S.CAROLINA------ 3.2
STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

> >

~ -------

MALi\RIA

DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION

CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND ADJOINING

I

GEORGIA

GEORGIA-------- 41 4
ALABAMA-------- 30.7 N CAROLINA----- 0.0
TENNESSEE------ 52.6 L _j
~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPORT OF Dl RECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

S CAROLINA------ 9.8
STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

DIPHTHERIA

DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND AD..OINING

GEORGIA

1 50 sci' 1 9 3 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 3 5 ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 3 7

60

sd'ERC:ONTA';EO DEc:0EASE IO

l\

/ER~~NTA~~ IN~~EASE

I

GEORGIA--------- 35.8

ALABAMA----- ---24.4

N. CAROLINA------2. I

TENNESSEE------ 25.0

I

I

I

SOURCE QE DATA:

ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR- 1937

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

S. CAROLINA---- --111.11

I

I

I

I

I

I

STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

INFANT MORTALITY

DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937; IN AND ADJOINING

GEORGIA

1937-------------1935-- -- -----------1937

........ PERCENTAGE DECREASE ...

.. PERCENTAGE INCREASE .......,

50 <10 30 20

10

10 20 30 40 50 60

GEORGIA---------7.8
N.CAROLINA------ 5.7
TENNESSEE------ 4.8 ~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPO.RT OF DIRECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

ALABAMA--------1.0
S.CAROLINA------ 3.2
STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938

CIVIC, rRATERNAL, PARENT TEACHER, THE PRESS, AND MINISTERIAL ASSOCIATIONS ARE G~ LISTED TO HELP.

MATERIAL FACILITIES FOR CARRYING OUT TillS CAMPAIGN HAVE BECOME AVAILABLE THROUGH AN EXTENSIVE SCHOOL !3U ILD ING AND IMPROVEI-1ENT PROGRAM IN THE STATE, VIH ICH WAS MADE POSSIBLF THROUGH THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER NATIONAL EMERGENCY AGENCIES. THIS HAS RESULTED IN EVERY COUNTY RECEIVING ONE OR MORE NEW SCHOOL BUILD I NGS IN CASES \1/HERE NEW SCHOOL BUILDINGS HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED, 1-10RE ADEQUATE SPACE AND LOCATION HAVE BEEN PROVIDED, AND PLAYGROUND FACILITIES INSTALLED.

EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS IN GEORGIA HAVE PROGRESSED RAPIDLY IN THE PAST YEAR.

1wo HUNDRED AND TEN NEW SCHOOL BUILDINGS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED IN THE STATE.. NINETY

FIVE WERE FOR WHITE PUPILS, AND ONE HUNDRED FIFTEEN FOR NEGRO PUPILS. SEVEN MILLION

FREE TEXTBOOKS WERE DISTRIBUTED. THE SALARIES OF QUALIFIED TEACHERS HAVE BEEN RAISEDj

"'

THE SCHOOL TERMS HAVE A MINIMUM OF SEVEN MONTHSj AND THE STATE HAS PROVIDED ADDITION

AL FOUR YEAR HIGH SCHOOLS UNTIL NOW EVERY COUNTY IN THE STATE HAS AT LEAST ONE FOUR YEAR ACCREDITED HIGH SCHOOL. THE NUMBER 0~ TEACHERS HAS BEEN INCREASED FROM 20,731

TO 21 . 232

RECENTLY THERE HAS BEEN GIVEN A GREAT DEAL OF CONSIDERATION TO RECREATIONAL
AREAS ADJOINING SCHOOL GROUNDS. PROFESSORS GEORGE D. STRAYER AND M l ENGLEHARDT,

OF TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, LEADING AUTHORITIES IN THS FIELD, HAVE

SET UP STANDAP.DS FOR SCHOOL GROUNDS:

5 ACRES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 10 ACRES FOR JUNIOR HtGH SCHOOLS 20 ACRES FOR SENIOR HtGH SCHOOLS

(MINIMUM~ (MINIMUM (MINIMUM

THE NATIONAL RECREATION ASSOCIATION STANDARDS ARE:

8 10 ACRES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

10 30 ACRES FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

\\

20 40 ACRES FOR SEN 1OR H1GH ScHooLs

~THE NEED FOR SCHOOL PLAYGROUNDS IS A PROBLEM, IN WHICH EDUCATION AND RECREATION

SHOULD JOIN HANDS. As THE PEOPLE BECOME BETTER FITTED TO EARN A GOOD LIVING, AND

GAIN APPRECIATION OF RECREATIVE VALUES, THE DEMAND WILL EXCEED ACCOMMODATIONS OF EX !STING FACILITIES

"J:8!:!i2.EQ.8_TAT I ON~
jtltQ~
DURING THE LAST TWENTY YEARS GEORGIA HAS MADE RAPID STRIDES IN ITS HIGHWAY SYS TEM THERE ARE TODAY APPROXIIMTELY 10,740 MILES OF STATE HIGHWAYS, OF WHICH 44 PER CENT IS PAVED, WITH THE BALANCE BEING IMPROVED CHERT AND MAINTAINED BY THE STATE

26

IN fIFTEEN YEARS, THIS STEADY IMPROVEMENT HAS TAI~EN PLACE THROUGH USE OF THE i..ATES' METHODS OF PREVENTION AND CURE, WITH EFFICIENTLY PLANNED USE OF FACILITIES AT HAND
FROM 1921 TO DATE, DEATHS DUE TO TYPHOID FEVER HAVE DECREASED t.S f.11JCH AS 75% As FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE GREAT IMPROVEMENT MADE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA IN THE CONTROL OF PREVENTABLE DISEASE, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT PELLAGRA DEATHS HAVE DE CREASED APPROXIMATELY 50%.
THE EFFICIENCY OF GEORGIAS EXPANDED HEALTH PROGRAM IS FURTHER SHOWN OY THE FACT THAT GEORGIA ~~DE THE GREATEST IMPROVEMENT DURING THE PERIOD 1935 37 OF FIVE ADJOINING STATES IN DECREASED DEATH RATE DUE TO MALARIA, DIPHTHERIA, TUDERCULOSJS TYPHOID FEVER AND INFANT MORTALITY.
DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS, WITH THE ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE OF THE STATE SAN TARY ENGINEERING DIVISION, MANY TOWNS IN GEORGIA HAVE IMPROVED AND ENLARGED THEiR WATER SUPPLIES. ALSO THEY HAVE INSTALLED UP-TO DATE, MORE ADEQUATE, AND ADDITIONAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANTS. THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY RELIEF AGENCIES HAVE GIVEN INVALU ADLE ASSISTANCE IN EFFECTING THESE ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS
As PEOPLE OF THE STATE FEEL BETTER PHYSICALLY, THEIR MENTAL OUTLOOK REQU RES DIVERSION, WHICH NEEDS TO BE SUPPLIED BY IMPROVED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES THESE IMPROVED HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE ATTRACTING NEW INDUSTRV AND INCREASED TOURIST TRADE WHICH HAS BEEN FEARFUL TO COME TO GEORGIA UNDER THE OLD CONDiTIONS, WHiCH WERE EVEN MORE DANGEROUS TO THOSE NOT ACCLIMATED TO THE STATE, THAN TO MANY CIT-ZENS OF THE SnTE.
EDUCATION: THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR E. D. RIVERS HAS PROVEN A BOON TO lhE
CAUSE OF EDUCATION IN THIS STATE. WHEREAS, ACCORDING TO THE 1930 U S CENSUS, THE STATE OF GEORGIA WAS LISTED HIGH IN ILLITERACY, iT ,s GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AND AC KNOWLEDGED BY AUTHORITIES THAT THIS WILL NOT BE THE CiRCUMSTANCE AFTER THE NEXT U S CENSUS. A WELL PLANNED CAMPAIGN ElY THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION HAS BEEN STARTED TO OBLITERATE THIS CONDITION, ON THE BASIS THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE UNABLE TO READ AND WRITE GENERALLY HAVE $150.00 PER YEAR LESS INCOME OR EARNING POWER, THAN THOSE WHO ARE LITERATE. THE FIRST STEP IN THIS CAMPAIGN WAS AN EDUCATIONAL SURVEv OF CENSUS, SCHOOL DISTRICT BY DISTRICT, AND COUNTY BY COUNTY BY MEANS OF THiS SUR VEY, THE NAME OF EVERY ADULT PERSON IN GEORGIA, WHO CANNOT READ OR WRITE, HAS ElEEN ~ADULATED AND ADULT EDUCATION IS BEING CARRIED TO THEM, To ENABLE THIS PROGRAM AP PROXIMATELY 1,000 TEACHERS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED BY THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
25

IN fIFTEEN YEARS, THIS STEADY IMPROVEMENT HAS TAI~EN PLACE THROUGH USE OF THE i..ATES' METHODS OF PREVENTION AND CURE, WITH EFFICIENTLY PLANNED USE OF FACILITIES AT HAND
FROM 1921 TO DATE, DEATHS DUE TO TYPHOID FEVER HAVE DECREASED t.S f.11JCH AS 75% As FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE GREAT IMPROVEMENT MADE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA IN THE CONTROL OF PREVENTABLE DISEASE, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT PELLAGRA DEATHS HAVE DE CREASED APPROXIMATELY 50%.
THE EFFICIENCY OF GEORGIAS EXPANDED HEALTH PROGRAM IS FURTHER SHOWN OY THE FACT THAT GEORGIA ~~DE THE GREATEST IMPROVEMENT DURING THE PERIOD 1935 37 OF FIVE ADJOINING STATES IN DECREASED DEATH RATE DUE TO MALARIA, DIPHTHERIA, TUDERCULOSJS TYPHOID FEVER AND INFANT MORTALITY.
DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS, WITH THE ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE OF THE STATE SAN TARY ENGINEERING DIVISION, MANY TOWNS IN GEORGIA HAVE IMPROVED AND ENLARGED THEiR WATER SUPPLIES. ALSO THEY HAVE INSTALLED UP-TO DATE, MORE ADEQUATE, AND ADDITIONAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANTS. THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY RELIEF AGENCIES HAVE GIVEN INVALU ADLE ASSISTANCE IN EFFECTING THESE ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS
As PEOPLE OF THE STATE FEEL BETTER PHYSICALLY, THEIR MENTAL OUTLOOK REQU RES DIVERSION, WHICH NEEDS TO BE SUPPLIED BY IMPROVED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES THESE IMPROVED HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE ATTRACTING NEW INDUSTRV AND INCREASED TOURIST TRADE WHICH HAS BEEN FEARFUL TO COME TO GEORGIA UNDER THE OLD CONDiTIONS, WHiCH WERE EVEN MORE DANGEROUS TO THOSE NOT ACCLIMATED TO THE STATE, THAN TO MANY CIT-ZENS OF THE SnTE.
EDUCATION: THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR E. D. RIVERS HAS PROVEN A BOON TO lhE
CAUSE OF EDUCATION IN THIS STATE. WHEREAS, ACCORDING TO THE 1930 U S CENSUS, THE STATE OF GEORGIA WAS LISTED HIGH IN ILLITERACY, iT ,s GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AND AC KNOWLEDGED BY AUTHORITIES THAT THIS WILL NOT BE THE CiRCUMSTANCE AFTER THE NEXT U S CENSUS. A WELL PLANNED CAMPAIGN ElY THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION HAS BEEN STARTED TO OBLITERATE THIS CONDITION, ON THE BASIS THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE UNABLE TO READ AND WRITE GENERALLY HAVE $150.00 PER YEAR LESS INCOME OR EARNING POWER, THAN THOSE WHO ARE LITERATE. THE FIRST STEP IN THIS CAMPAIGN WAS AN EDUCATIONAL SURVEv OF CENSUS, SCHOOL DISTRICT BY DISTRICT, AND COUNTY BY COUNTY BY MEANS OF THiS SUR VEY, THE NAME OF EVERY ADULT PERSON IN GEORGIA, WHO CANNOT READ OR WRITE, HAS ElEEN ~ADULATED AND ADULT EDUCATION IS BEING CARRIED TO THEM, To ENABLE THIS PROGRAM AP PROXIMATELY 1,000 TEACHERS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED BY THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
25

LEGEND EXISTif~G /I.PE/\S (NATIONAL, STATE AND CO!JfJTY)

t~AT I OtJAL

E1N
E2N
E3tJ E4tt
ESN
EGN
E7N
EBN E9N
E10N
E11N
E12N
E13N E13NA
E13NB
E14tJ El5N E15NA
E15NO
E16N
E17N
E18tJ
E18.1N
E19N E20N E21N E22N
E23N E24N
E25N
E26N
E27tJ
E28N E29N
E30N
E30.1N E31N
E32N
E33N
E34N

- TENN. AND GA.-CHICKAMAUGA AND
c. CHATTANOOGA NAT. MIL. PARK.
- TENN. AND N. -GREt, T SI10KY
MouNTAIN NATIONAL PARK. - GA.-NEw EcHOTA NAT. MEMORIAL. - G,\.-Knwc:s:,w !louiHAIN B,\TTLE-
FIELD SITE.
- GA.-OcMULGEE NAT. MoNUMENT. -GA.-FT. PuLASKI NAT. MoNUMENT. -GA.-FT. FREDERICA NATIONAL
MONUMENT (AUTHORIZED). - FLA.-FT. MARION NAT. MoNUMENT. - GA.-HARD LABOR CREEK RECREA-
TIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA. -GA.-ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS
RECREATIONAL DEM. AREA. - GA.-PINE ~OUNTAIN RECREATION-
AL DEMONSTRATION AREA. -TENN.-FALLS CREEK FALLS
RECREATIONAL DEM. AREA. - GA.-CHATTAHOOCHEE NAT. FOREST. - GA.-LAKE WINFIELD SCOTT
RECREATION AREA. - GA.-RABUN BEACH RECREATION
AREA.
-TENN.-CHEROKEE NATIONAL FoREST.
- N. C.-NANTAHALA NAT. FOREST.
rl. C.-CLIFFSIDE LAKE RECREATION AREA.
- N. C.-ARROWOOD GLADE RECREATION AREA.
- N. c.-PisGAH NATIONAL ForEsT.
- 5. C.-SUMTER NATIONAL FOREST
01ouNTAIN DiVISION).
- s. C.-SUMTER NATIONAL FOREST
(LONG CANE DIV!S 1 0N). - S. C. -Sut1TER tJAT I ONAL FOREST
(~NOREE DIVISION). - FLA.-OSCEOLA NATIONAL FOREST. - FLA.-APALACHICOLA NAT. Fo~EST. - ALA.-TALLADEGA NAT. FOREST. - N. c.-QuALLA INDIAN REsERvA-
TioN.
- CA.-OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE. - GA.-BLACK BEARD isLAND WILD
LIFE REFUGE.
- GA. -WoLF ISLAND VI 1LD L 1FE
REFUGE.
s. -GA. & c.-SAvANNAH RrvER WiLD LIFE REFUGE.
- fu.. -ST. 11APKS i11 GRATORY
WATERFOWL RrruGE.
-GA.-PLANTATION P!EDHONT PROJECT. GA. -GEORG 1A Cot,STAL FLATwooD
UPLAND GAME PROJECT.
- S. C. -CLE11SotJ CoLLEGE Cow:tUN 1TV
- s. CONSERVATION PROJECT. C.-SUBER PiCNIC AREA. - ALA.-TUSKEGEE DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT.
-ALA.-PEA RIVER ProJECT FOP PLANNED LAND UsE.
- FLA. -WAKULLA DEVELOP~ENT PROJECT.
- N. c.-GLu~ RIDGE NATIONAL
p,\RKWAV.

* TE~PORARILY UNDER NATIONAL OWN~RSil!P.

E35s E36s E37s

1E38s E39s E40s E41s E42s E43s

E44s
E45s
E46s

E47s

E4Bs

E49s
Esos
E51s

E52s
E53s
E54s Esss
E55.1s

* * *

E56s E57s E58s

E59s

E60s

E61s

E62s

EG3s

E64s

E65s

EGSs

E67s
E68s EG9s
E70s

E71s

E72s

E73s
E74s

E75s
E76s
E77s
E78s
E79s
Esos
EBls
EB2s

-GA.-FORT r1outHAIN STATE PARK.

-GA.-VOGEL STATE PARK.

H. - GA.-ALEX~NDER

STEPHENS

MEMORIAL STATE PARK.

- GA.-INDIAN SPRINGS ST. PARK.

- Gt. -PINE tioUNTAIN Sr. PARK.

- GA.-LITTLE 0CMULGEE Sr. PARK.

-GA.-CHEHAW STATE PARK.

-GA.-SANTO DOMINGO ST. PARK.

GA.-JEFFERSON DAVIS MEMORIAL

STATE PARK.

GA.-SITTONS GULCH ST. PARK.

G,~. -KoLorwK 1 Mourms Sr. PAnK.

GA.-WAYNE CouNTY NATURAL

RESOURCE RESERVATION.

GA.-GOVERNOR TROUP NATURAL

RESOURCE ~ESERVATION.

GA.-ST. MARYS RIVER NATURAL

RESOURCE RESERVATION.

GA.-MIONA SPRINGS ST. PARK.

S. C.-TABLE PocK Sr. PARK.
s. C.-PARIS MOUNTAIN STATE

- s. PARK. c.-ocoNEE STATE PARK.
- s. C.-GREENWOOD STATE PARK. - s. C.-AIKEN STATE PARK. - s. C.-BARNWELL STATE PARK. - s. C.-SESQUICENTENNIAL STATE

PARK.
- s. C.-GREENVILLE WAYSIDE. - s. C.-GREENWOOD WAYSIDE.
s. C.-AIKEN WAYSIDE.

FLA.-FT. CLINCH STATE PARK.

FLA.-SuwANEE PIVER Sr. PARK.

FLA.-TORPEYA STATE PARK.

FLA. FLA. CAVERNS ST. PARK.

ALA.-CHATTAHOOCHEE ST. PARK.

ALA.-PANTHER CREEK ST. PARK.

ALA.-CHEWACLA STATE PARK.

ALA.-CHEWACLA STATE PARK

(SPRING ViLLA DiVISION).

ALA.-LAGOONS STATE PARK.

ALA. -CHEAHA SH.TE PARK.

ALA.-DESOTO STATE PARK.

ALA.-DESOTO STATE PARK

(NAYS GULF DIVISION).

AL,~. -HORSESHOE BEND STATE

tf!ONUt1ENT.

ALA.-FT. TouLOUSE STATE

I\10NUt1EtJT.

TE~N.-HARRISON BAY ST. PARK.

TENN.-BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

STATE PARK (NEGRO).

GA.-GWINN NIXON ST. FOREST.

GA.-BAXLEY STATE FOREST.

FLA.-PINE LoG STATE ForEsT.

FLA.-0LENA STATE FoREST.

FLA.-CARY STATE FoREST.

TENN.-GRUNDY STATE FOREST.

TENN.-BLEDSOE STATE FOREST.

TENN.-MARION FRANKLIN STATE

fOREST.

E83c E84c
Esse
EB6c

- G;\.-?o3=~T :.~:~c~~f;=: PA~t::. - G,\. -JJNCS C:rJl_Yi'lT'f :1 :Ct:CI\T 1ON
CEJITCI'. - GA. -fJoRTH FuLTON Pt,r.K. - GA.-SOUTH fULTON PARK.

I THERE ARE FIFTY TWO BUS ROUTES AND SEVENTY SIX MOTOR TRUCK LINES SERVING THE VM?.I OUS SECTIONS OF THE STATE, AiRPORTS: THERE ARE 53 AIRPORTS IN THE STATE -~f.APORTS;, THE TWO MAIN SEAPORTS OF THE STATE ARE SAVANNAH AND BRUNSWICK. ___..lNL\ND V'IATERWAY: THE INLAND WATERWAY, A SAFE ROUTE FOR SMALL CRAFT, IS LOCATED IN THE LARGER ES TUARIES OF THE COAST. AND IS PROTECTED BY TIE COASTAL ISLANDS. THIS WATERWAY, MAIN TAINE!l OY THE U. S. (ORPS OF ENGINEERS, HAS A CONTROLLING DEPTH OF SEVEN FEET, MEAN LOW WATER, FROM CHArLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, TO MIAMI, FLORIDA. CONDITIONS <P~FAR i. FAVORABLE TO INCREASING THE CONTROLLING DEPTH BETWEEN CHARLESTON AND SAVANNAH ro THE STf,NDAC!D 011' '12 tint WfeM Ull EF'F'CT NORTH OF' CHARLESTON .THIS SURVEY f1,\oj :JEEN COMPLETED BY THE U S. CORPS OF ENGINEERS, AND A SIMILAR SURVEY BETWEEN SAVANNAH AND JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, IS NEARLY COMPLETED
27

I THERE ARE FIFTY TWO BUS ROUTES AND SEVENTY SIX MOTOR TRUCK LINES SERVING THE VM?.I OUS SECTIONS OF THE STATE, AiRPORTS: THERE ARE 53 AIRPORTS IN THE STATE -~f.APORTS;, THE TWO MAIN SEAPORTS OF THE STATE ARE SAVANNAH AND BRUNSWICK. ___..lNL\ND V'IATERWAY: THE INLAND WATERWAY, A SAFE ROUTE FOR SMALL CRAFT, IS LOCATED IN THE LARGER ES TUARIES OF THE COAST. AND IS PROTECTED BY TIE COASTAL ISLANDS. THIS WATERWAY, MAIN TAINE!l OY THE U. S. (ORPS OF ENGINEERS, HAS A CONTROLLING DEPTH OF SEVEN FEET, MEAN LOW WATER, FROM CHArLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, TO MIAMI, FLORIDA. CONDITIONS <P~FAR i. FAVORABLE TO INCREASING THE CONTROLLING DEPTH BETWEEN CHARLESTON AND SAVANNAH ro THE STf,NDAC!D 011' '12 tint WfeM Ull EF'F'CT NORTH OF' CHARLESTON .THIS SURVEY f1,\oj :JEEN COMPLETED BY THE U S. CORPS OF ENGINEERS, AND A SIMILAR SURVEY BETWEEN SAVANNAH AND JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, IS NEARLY COMPLETED
27

C HAP T E R F 0 U R ---o---

EX I ST I NG AREAS

HISTORY OF THE STATE PARK MOVEMENT IN GEORGIA

ALTHOUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF" STATE PARKS IN GEORGIA IS A COMPARATIVELY RECENT MOVEMENT, ONE OF" THE AREAS HAS BEEN IN STATE OWNERSHIP F"OR OVER 100 YEARS. THE ORIGINAL 10-ACRE TRACT AT INDIAN SPRINGS STATE PARK WAS ACQUIRED BY TREATY WITH THE CREEK INDIANS IN 1825. IT HAD BEEN A F"AMOUS ASSEMBLY GROUND F"OR THE INDIANS, WHO USED THE SPRING WATERS F"OR HEALING PURPOSES. THIS AREA WAS LEASED TO PRIVATE INTERESTS UNTIL IT BECAME A STATE FOREST PARK UNDER THE FORESTRY ACT IN 1925, SECTION 5 OF" WHICH AUTHORIZED THE STATE FORESTRY BOARD TO RECOMMEND TO THE GOVERNOR THE ACQUISlTION OR ACCEPTANCE OF" GIF"TS OF LAND TO BE HELD AND ADMINISTERED AS STATE FORESTS FOR DEMONSTRATING THE PRACTICAL UTILITY OF' TIMBER CULTURE.

VoGEL STATE PARK wAs A GIFT TO THE STATE IN 1926 BY FRED AND AuGUST VoGEL, WHOSE COMPANY HAD PRACTICED F"ORESTRY ON A 65,000 ACRE TRACT IN THAT REGION SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE CENTURY. THIS AREA, DESIGNATED AT THAT TIME AS A STATE FOREST P~RK, CONSISTED OF" 16 ACRES AT NEEL GAP, UNION COUNTY. THIS AREA WAS COMPOSED OF A SMALL ACREAGE AT NEEL GAP, ANOTHER ON THE TOP OF BLOOD MOUNTAIN, AND AN AREA AT NOTTELEY FALLS. A FEW YEARS LATER, THE GEORGIA FOREST SERVICE BUILT A RUSTIC OVERLOOK AND A CONCESSION STAND. FUNDS WERE NOT AVAILABLE F"OR DEVELOPMENT WORK AT THAT TIME AND A FORESTER IN CHARGE WAS ASSISTED BY LOCAL MEN, WHO WERE ALLOWED TRAPPING PRIVILEGES IN THE AREA IN RETURN F"OR THEIR ASSISTANCE IN DEVELOPING THE PARK.
IN 1931, THE REORGANIZATION BILL CREATED A COMMISSION TO ADMINISTER THE DE~ PARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT. UNDER THIS Co'MM 1SS 1ON, THE TWO AREAS PREVIOUSLY REFERRED TO WERE NAMED' INDIAN SPRINGS STATE PARK AND VOGEL STATE PA'RK.

IN 1932, THE ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS MEMORIAL STATE PARK, AN AREA OF" 18 ACRES,

INCLUDING

L !BERTY

HALL,

THE

HOME

OF

ALEXANDER

H.

STEPHENS,

WAS

GIVEN

II
TO THE

STATE

BY THE ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION.

-28-

VACATION CA61N E. LAKE PINE MouNTAIN STATE: PARK
SITTON'S GULCH LOOKOUT MouNTAIN - DADE: [OUNTV
LAHE TRAI4LVTA VOGE:L 5TATE: PARK

VACATION CA61N E. LAKE PINE MouNTAIN STATE: PARK
SITTON'S GULCH LOOKOUT MouNTAIN - DADE: [OUNTV
LAHE TRAI4LVTA VOGE:L 5TATE: PARK

THE PARK CONSISTS OF 2,070 ACRES, AND IS LOCATED ON U. 5. ROUTE #76. CHATS~ORTH

I

IS TEN MILES TO THE WEST BY A WINDING GRADED HIGHWAY. ELLIJAY LIES IN THE OTHER

DIRECTIOtJ, TH!f<TEEN t.lfLES 13Y HIGHWAY, ALONG V/HICII AT MANY POINT ARE MAGNIFICENT

VIEWS OF THE SURROUNDING TIP-TILTED.COUNTRY.

PLMJS FOR THIS PARK INCLUDE A SMALL LAKE IN TilE SllOULDER OF THE MOUNTAIN, AN INN, AND OVER-NIGHT CABINS TO ENABLE VISITORS TO SPEND SUFFICIENT TIME TO SCRAMBLE OVER THE STEEP SLOPES MJD ENJOY THE KEEl! f.lOUNTA IN AIP OF THIS HIGH ALTITUDE. A ROAD HAS OEEN DUILT FI<OI~ THE HIGHWAY NEAP.LY TO THE SUt.lt.liT OF THE MOUNTAIN. PICNIC TABLES
/
HAVE BEEN GUILT FOR DAY VIS ITORS. SHELTER AIJD ADDED IICCOt.11'.10D.H IONS APE VERY f.1UCH NEEDED BEFORE THIS PARK WILL RECEIVE THE POPULARITY IT DESERVES. liKEWISE IT IS IMPORTMH THAT THE HIGHWAY TO CiiATS'NORTH AND ELLIJAY DE PAVED. ITS EXISTING LOCATION AND GRADIENTS NEED OUT LITTLE IF ANY REFINEMENT. IN ADDITION TO ITS RECREATIONAL VALUE, THIS HIGHWAY I~S AN IMPORTANT ECONOMIC SERVICE TO PERFORM IN CONNECTING NORTHWEST GEOPGIA WITH THE lliGHLAND COUNTIES OF GEORGIA. THE PRODUCTS OF EACH CAN BE PROFITADLY INTERCHANGED, t\ND 1.1UCfl cm.H1ERCE IJOif./ LEAVING THE STATE WOULD DE I~EPT WITIIIN ITS BORDERS. THIS WOULD ALSO ATTRACT OUT-OF-STATE VISITORS, WHO MIGHT BE FEARFUL OF .NON-PAVED r<OADS.

VOGEL STATE PARK VOGEL STATE PARK, ALSO LOCATED IN THE MOUNTAIN SECTION OF THE STATE, IS SIT-
UATED IN UNION CoUNTY, 11 MILES SOUTH OF 8LAIPSVILLE, GA., ON U. S. HiGHWAYS 19 AND 129. OPINIONS !lAVE DEEN EXPRESSED THAT THIS SECTION OF THE BLUE RIDGE IS NOT UNLIKE THE SOFT BLENDING LM.!DSCf,PE Of THE HI GHLMJDS OF 5COTL/,f.!D. Tl-1 1 S pf,RK, CONTAINlNG 248 ACRES HAS THREE DIVISIONS: THE NEEL (FROGTOWN) GAP AREA, AT WIIICH IS THE WALASI-Yl INN; NOTTELEY FALLS PICN!C Ar<EA; AND THE LAKE AND CADIN AREA.
THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL, WHICH BLAZES A MARKED fOOT-TRAIL EXTENDING FROM MT. OGLETHORPE IN GEOPGIA TO t':T. KATAIWIN IN 1-1-~INE, AND WHICH IS OVER 2,000 f11LES HJ
LEiJGTH, RUtJS THROUGH VOGEL SH TE PARK. IT IS NOT UNUSUAL TO SEE A LO~JE HIKER OR
A GPOUP OF TWO OR THREE lliKERS COME DOWN THE TRAIL OUT OF THE MOUNTAINS, PAUSE FOR A DRINK AT TilE fOUNTAIN IN THE GAP AND GO Tr<UDG I NG UP THE TRAIL INTO THE WILDERNESS BEYOND.
OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, PICNIC AREAS HAVE DEEN DEVELOPED, A STONE INN CONSTRUCTED AT NEEL GAP, A OEAUTIFUL FORTY-ACRE LAKE, AND TRAILS, CABINS, DATHING AND PICNICKING FACILITIES PROVIDED, MAKING THIS PARK ONE OF THE OUTSTANDING RECREATIONAL AREAS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF G::ORGIA. IN VOGEL STATE PARK, MANY SUM~1ER VISITORS FIND RELIEF IN THE COOL MOUNTAIN BREEZES. THEY MAY ENJOY A VACATION WITH SWIMMING,

-30-

INDIAN SPRINGS STATE PARK WAS ENLARGED BY A GIFT OF 12 ACRES B~ THE CITIZENS OF JACKSON IN 1931 THE COMMISSION ERECTED A SHELTER OVER THE HISTORIC SPRINGS, PRO VIDEO ELECTRIC LIGHTS FOR THE PLAYGROUNDS AND BATHHOUSE, AND ARRANGED FOR A RESTAU RANT TO BE MAINTAINED AS A CONCESSION.

IN 1933, WITH THE CREATION OF THE CiVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS, RAPID PROGRESS WAS MADE IN THE PARK DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, AND BY THE END OF 1934 THE STATE PARK Svs ~ TEM INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING AREAS:

VoGEL STATE PARK ALEXANDER H, STEPHEtJs r.1EMORIAL STATE PARI< FORT MouNTAIN STATE PARK
SANTO DoMINGo STATE PARK
INDIAN SPRINGS STATE PARK

158 ACRES 220 II 725 II
350 11 157 II

TilE STATE PARI( SYSTE~1 VJI,S ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF FoRESTRY AND Cree

L031CAL DEVELOPMENT UNTIL MARCH 1937, WHEN THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, HiSTORIC

',''

SiTES AND MONUMENTS WAS CREATED AS A PART OF Tl~ NEW DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES.

UNDER THIS DIVISION AND THROUGH THE COOPERATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, ADDI

TIONAL CCC CAMPS WERE OBTAINED TO DEVELOP THE VARIOUS AREAS, UNTIL,, 13V ~~~~ 'uMMER

OF 1938, THE SYSTEM INCLUDED NINE STATE P~RKS, FIVE OF WHICH HAD BEEN SUFFICIENL"

DEVELOPED TO BE OF PRACTICAL USE TO THE PUBLIC THIS WORK IS PROGRESSING RAPiDL AT

rnESENT, AND PLANS CALL FOR THE OPENING OF THE REMAINING AREAS IN THE NEAR FUTURE

SEVERAL NEW AREAS !lAVE BEEN RECENTLY ACQUIRED AND W1LL BE DEVELOPED AS SOON AS POS

SIBLE.

STATE PARKS

FoRT MouNTAIN STATE eARK THE VIEW FROM THE TIP-TOP OF FORT MOUNTAIN, DOWN ITS STEEP SLOPES TO THE AP
PARENTLY MIN I ATURE C I TV OF CHATSWORTH, AND ACROSS TilE WI DE EXPANSE OF THE UPPER ROME VALLEY, IS THE CHIEF RECREATIONAL V,\LUE OF THIS STATE PARK. THE TOP OF THE STONE OBSERVATION TOI'/ER ON THE SUMMIT IS r~ORE THAN 2,000 FEET ABOVE THE VALLEY. IN OTHER DIRECTIONS, THERE ARE SPLENDID VIEWS OF THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS, RISING PEAK UPON PEAl<.
CONSIDERABLE RECREATIONAL INTEREST IS FOUND IN THE OLD STONE FORT, FROM WHICH TilE MOUNTAIN TAKES ITS NAME. THE ORIGIN OF THIS FEATURE IS NOT KNOWN, AND A VISI TOR MAY FIND HIMSELF IN SPECULATIVE REVERIE, UPON VIEWING IT, IN CONTEMPLATION OF TH~ SEVERAL THEORIES AS TO HOI'/ SO MUCH ROCK BECAME PILED UP IN OBVIOUSLY DEFENSIVE DESIGN

29

INDIAN SPRINGS STATE PARK WAS ENLARGED BY A GIFT OF 12 ACRES B~ THE CITIZENS OF JACKSON IN 1931 THE COMMISSION ERECTED A SHELTER OVER THE HISTORIC SPRINGS, PRO VIDEO ELECTRIC LIGHTS FOR THE PLAYGROUNDS AND BATHHOUSE, AND ARRANGED FOR A RESTAU RANT TO BE MAINTAINED AS A CONCESSION.

IN 1933, WITH THE CREATION OF THE CiVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS, RAPID PROGRESS WAS MADE IN THE PARK DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, AND BY THE END OF 1934 THE STATE PARK Svs ~ TEM INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING AREAS:

VoGEL STATE PARK ALEXANDER H, STEPHEtJs r.1EMORIAL STATE PARI< FORT MouNTAIN STATE PARK
SANTO DoMINGo STATE PARK
INDIAN SPRINGS STATE PARK

158 ACRES 220 II 725 II
350 11 157 II

TilE STATE PARI( SYSTE~1 VJI,S ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF FoRESTRY AND Cree

L031CAL DEVELOPMENT UNTIL MARCH 1937, WHEN THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, HiSTORIC

',''

SiTES AND MONUMENTS WAS CREATED AS A PART OF Tl~ NEW DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES.

UNDER THIS DIVISION AND THROUGH THE COOPERATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, ADDI

TIONAL CCC CAMPS WERE OBTAINED TO DEVELOP THE VARIOUS AREAS, UNTIL,, 13V ~~~~ 'uMMER

OF 1938, THE SYSTEM INCLUDED NINE STATE P~RKS, FIVE OF WHICH HAD BEEN SUFFICIENL"

DEVELOPED TO BE OF PRACTICAL USE TO THE PUBLIC THIS WORK IS PROGRESSING RAPiDL AT

rnESENT, AND PLANS CALL FOR THE OPENING OF THE REMAINING AREAS IN THE NEAR FUTURE

SEVERAL NEW AREAS !lAVE BEEN RECENTLY ACQUIRED AND W1LL BE DEVELOPED AS SOON AS POS

SIBLE.

STATE PARKS

FoRT MouNTAIN STATE eARK THE VIEW FROM THE TIP-TOP OF FORT MOUNTAIN, DOWN ITS STEEP SLOPES TO THE AP
PARENTLY MIN I ATURE C I TV OF CHATSWORTH, AND ACROSS TilE WI DE EXPANSE OF THE UPPER ROME VALLEY, IS THE CHIEF RECREATIONAL V,\LUE OF THIS STATE PARK. THE TOP OF THE STONE OBSERVATION TOI'/ER ON THE SUMMIT IS r~ORE THAN 2,000 FEET ABOVE THE VALLEY. IN OTHER DIRECTIONS, THERE ARE SPLENDID VIEWS OF THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS, RISING PEAK UPON PEAl<.
CONSIDERABLE RECREATIONAL INTEREST IS FOUND IN THE OLD STONE FORT, FROM WHICH TilE MOUNTAIN TAKES ITS NAME. THE ORIGIN OF THIS FEATURE IS NOT KNOWN, AND A VISI TOR MAY FIND HIMSELF IN SPECULATIVE REVERIE, UPON VIEWING IT, IN CONTEMPLATION OF TH~ SEVERAL THEORIES AS TO HOI'/ SO MUCH ROCK BECAME PILED UP IN OBVIOUSLY DEFENSIVE DESIGN

29

''I
YEARS, IT DID NOT BECOME A STATE PARK UNTIL CREf,TED AS SUCH BY THE FORESTRY ACT IN
THE AREA, CONTAINING 157 ACRES, INCLUDES THE FAMOUS INDIAN SPRINGS, RENOWNED FOR THE REMARKABLE MEDICINAL QUALITY OF ITS WATER. IT WAS ON THIS SITE IN 1825 THAT
THE CP.EEI< INDIANS SIGNED TREATIES WHICH CEDED THE LAST OF THEIR LANDS TO THE STATE OF GEORGIA
VARIOUS FACILITIES HAVE BEEN PROVIDED FOR THOSE WHO VISIT INDIAN SPRINGS STATE P.t,RK- FACING THE SPRING HOUSE IS A LARGE STONE PAVILION WHERE ONE MAY PURCI.!ASE RE FRESHMENTS, OR MAY PLAY, OR MEP.ELY SIT QUIETLY AND REST. Two LARGE PICNIC GROVES, WITH TABLES, BENCI5 AND OUTDOOR FIREPLACES, CONTAIN AMPLE FACILITIES TO PROVIDE FOR APPROXIMATELY SIX HUNDRED PERSONS COMFORT STATIONS ARE PROVIDED NEAR THE CENTER OF THE PARK. A SWIMMING POOL AND HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS ADJOIN THE PARK.
"THE EXISTING FACILITIES HAVE PROVEN INADEQUATE TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE NUM-EROUS PARK VISITORS WHEN SUFFICIENT FACILITIES ARE ADDED, THIS AREA SHOULD BECOME ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR DAYUSE AREAS IN THIS STATE.
pI tJE ~tOUNl[.l_l N SJJ:LPARK NEAR THE o;UMf-IER HOt.1E OF FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT AND THE WARM SPRINGS FOUNDATION
LIES PINE MOUNTAIN STATE PARK, 1550 ACRES OF MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN LOCATED ON THE SOUTHERN-MOST MOUNTAIN IN GEORGIA. THE PARK IS 26 MILES NORTHEAST OF COLUMBUS AND APPROXIMATELY 20 MILES SOUTHEAST OF LAGRANGE, JUST OFF U S HIGHWAY #27. ADJACENT
TO THE PARK IS THE PINE MOUNTAIN RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, UPON WHICH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, BESIDES OTHER RECREATIONAL FACILITIES, HAS CONSTRUCTED A RECREATIONAL CAMP FOR ORGANIZED GROUPS OF THIS SECTION.
PINE MOUNTAIN STATE PARK WAS OPENED TO THE PUBLIC IN THE SPRING OF 1938. A
GRE~T MANY FACILITIES AND CONVENIENCES HAVE BEEN PROVIDED FOR THE ENJOYMENT OF ALL WHO COME TO VISIT IT- THERE ARE PICTURESQUE, WINDING TRAILS DOWN THE SLOPES AND ALONG THE STREAMS THERE ARE MAGNIFICIENT RAVINES CHOKED WITH LAUREL AND WITH WILD MOUNTAIN FLOWERS. THE CREST OF THE MOUNTAIN ITSELF, WHICH OFFERS A PANORAMA OF MAG tJ IF ICE: VIEWS, IS ACCESSIBLE BY THE NEW PINE MOUNTAIN PARKWAY, A BEAUTIFUL ROAD ALONG THE MOUNTAIN TOP FROM TIP TOP GAP TO WARM SPRINGS. ON THE CREST OF THE RIDGE IS LOCATED A LARGE STONE INN AND FOUR STONE CABINS. AROUND THE FIFTEEN ACRE LAKE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF THE MOUNTAIN, SEVEN LOG CABINS, A BATHING BEACH, A PICNIC SHELTER AND ADEQU!TE PICNICKING CONVENIENCES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THOSE WHO WISH TO SPEND ONE DAY, ONE WEEK, OR LONGER HERE.
32

PtSHING, HIKING AND MANY RELATED OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES IN THIS LAND OF SCENIC SPLENDOR THE LAST FRONTIER OF THE CHEROKEE NATION AND THE NEW CONSERVATION FRONTIER OF THE SOUTH
THE PRESSING NEED FOR ADDITIONAL FACILITIES IS SHOWN BY THE FACT THAT DURING THE PAST SEVERAL SEASONS MANY RESERVATIONS COULD NOT BE MET IN ADDITION TO THE CON STRUCTION OF OVERNIGHT CABINS, PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS SHOULD INCLUDE ADDITIONAL PIC NICKING FACILITIES BOTH AT THE NOTTELEY FALLS AREA AND AT THE LAKE AND CABIN AREAS WHEN THESE FACILITIES ARE PROVIDED IT SHOULD EECOME ONE OF THE t'10ST PCPUL1\R P.ECREA
T ION sPtrfs IN THE StATe" fO~ WEEK E'ND liND V#.CATI Otl USE
Ah~XAN~ER H. STEPHENS MEMORIAL STATE PARK
ONE MILE NORTH OF CRAWFORDViLLE ON STATE HIGHWAY #12 BETWEEN ATLANTA AND flu
GUSTA LIES THE ALEXANDER H STEPHENS MEMORIAL STATE PARK, NAMED IN HONOR OF THE ViCE
PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERACY AND GOVERNOR OF GEORGIA (1883). TliiS PARK, CONTAINING 253 ACRES, IS ADJACENT TO THE ALEXANDER H STEPHENS RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION PROJ ECT NOW UNDER DEVELOPMENT BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE.
ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING FEATURES OF THE PARK IS LIBERTY HALL, THE HOME OF STEPHENS, V/HICH Hf,~ BEEN RESTORED, REFURNISHED AND BROUGHT BACK TO ITS ORIGINAL CON DIT I ON, ,\ND IS NOV/ KEPT OPEN AS A MUSEUM EVE" THE Vii\LL PAPER AND CARPETS, OF WHICfi SAMPLES HAD BEEN SAVED, WERE REPRODUCED AND USED IN THE ROOMS. THE SLAVE QUARTERS, THE OLD GAS HOUSE, WHICH WAS ONE OF THE EARLiEST ARTIFICIAL liGiiT PRODUCING PLANTS IN GEORGIA, THE WINE CELLAR, AND THE VEGETABLE AND FORMAL GARDENS HAVE BEEN ~ESfORED AS THEY WERE DURING THE LIFE OF THE GREAT COMMONER.
TODAY, MANY THOUSANDS OF VISITORS COME FROM ALL OVER THE UNITED STATES TO SEl LIBERTY HALL, THE GARDEN, WHICii HAS BEEN REPLANTED IN OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS AND VEGE TABLES, THE WELL HOUSE AND THE RECREATIONAL AREA. lDERTY HALL AND ITS GROUNDS ARE GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF Tl~ BEST PRESERVED EXAMPLES OF ITS KIND IN THE SOUTH
BESIDES ITS VALUE FROM A HISTORICAL VIEWPOINT, THE PARK AFFORDS FACILITIES FOR SWIMMING, BOATING LIND PICNICKING \1/HICH PROVED QUITE POPULAR DURING THE PAST SUMI--IER. ALTHOUGH LACKING IN OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS, IT IS VERY POPULAR FOR DAY-USE ACTIVI TIES AND IS SO SITUATED AS TO BE EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR SUCH USE .
.lfJD IAN SPRINGS STATE PARK" INDIAN SPRINGS STATE PARK IS LOCATED 6 MILES SOUTH OF JACKSON ON U. S HiGHWAY
#42, APPROXIMATELY 50 MILES SOUTH OF ATLANTA. ALTHOUGH STATE OWNED FOR OVER 100
31

PtSHING, HIKING AND MANY RELATED OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES IN THIS LAND OF SCENIC SPLENDOR THE LAST FRONTIER OF THE CHEROKEE NATION AND THE NEW CONSERVATION FRONTIER OF THE SOUTH
THE PRESSING NEED FOR ADDITIONAL FACILITIES IS SHOWN BY THE FACT THAT DURING THE PAST SEVERAL SEASONS MANY RESERVATIONS COULD NOT BE MET IN ADDITION TO THE CON STRUCTION OF OVERNIGHT CABINS, PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS SHOULD INCLUDE ADDITIONAL PIC NICKING FACILITIES BOTH AT THE NOTTELEY FALLS AREA AND AT THE LAKE AND CABIN AREAS WHEN THESE FACILITIES ARE PROVIDED IT SHOULD EECOME ONE OF THE t'10ST PCPUL1\R P.ECREA
T ION sPtrfs IN THE StATe" fO~ WEEK E'ND liND V#.CATI Otl USE
Ah~XAN~ER H. STEPHENS MEMORIAL STATE PARK
ONE MILE NORTH OF CRAWFORDViLLE ON STATE HIGHWAY #12 BETWEEN ATLANTA AND flu
GUSTA LIES THE ALEXANDER H STEPHENS MEMORIAL STATE PARK, NAMED IN HONOR OF THE ViCE
PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERACY AND GOVERNOR OF GEORGIA (1883). TliiS PARK, CONTAINING 253 ACRES, IS ADJACENT TO THE ALEXANDER H STEPHENS RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION PROJ ECT NOW UNDER DEVELOPMENT BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE.
ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING FEATURES OF THE PARK IS LIBERTY HALL, THE HOME OF STEPHENS, V/HICH Hf,~ BEEN RESTORED, REFURNISHED AND BROUGHT BACK TO ITS ORIGINAL CON DIT I ON, ,\ND IS NOV/ KEPT OPEN AS A MUSEUM EVE" THE Vii\LL PAPER AND CARPETS, OF WHICfi SAMPLES HAD BEEN SAVED, WERE REPRODUCED AND USED IN THE ROOMS. THE SLAVE QUARTERS, THE OLD GAS HOUSE, WHICH WAS ONE OF THE EARLiEST ARTIFICIAL liGiiT PRODUCING PLANTS IN GEORGIA, THE WINE CELLAR, AND THE VEGETABLE AND FORMAL GARDENS HAVE BEEN ~ESfORED AS THEY WERE DURING THE LIFE OF THE GREAT COMMONER.
TODAY, MANY THOUSANDS OF VISITORS COME FROM ALL OVER THE UNITED STATES TO SEl LIBERTY HALL, THE GARDEN, WHICii HAS BEEN REPLANTED IN OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS AND VEGE TABLES, THE WELL HOUSE AND THE RECREATIONAL AREA. lDERTY HALL AND ITS GROUNDS ARE GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF Tl~ BEST PRESERVED EXAMPLES OF ITS KIND IN THE SOUTH
BESIDES ITS VALUE FROM A HISTORICAL VIEWPOINT, THE PARK AFFORDS FACILITIES FOR SWIMMING, BOATING LIND PICNICKING \1/HICH PROVED QUITE POPULAR DURING THE PAST SUMI--IER. ALTHOUGH LACKING IN OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS, IT IS VERY POPULAR FOR DAY-USE ACTIVI TIES AND IS SO SITUATED AS TO BE EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR SUCH USE .
.lfJD IAN SPRINGS STATE PARK" INDIAN SPRINGS STATE PARK IS LOCATED 6 MILES SOUTH OF JACKSON ON U. S HiGHWAY
#42, APPROXIMATELY 50 MILES SOUTH OF ATLANTA. ALTHOUGH STATE OWNED FOR OVER 100
31

;?,6_NJO DQ!~INGO ST.IITE PARIS THE LOCATION OF THIS PARK IS THE SITE OF OLD ELIZAFIELD PLANTATION. To APPRECI
ATE THtS SITE, WHICI1 IS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ENTIRE GEORGIA COAST, ONE MUST STUDY AND UNDERSTAND THE EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA. EXPLORATION, SPANISH OCCUPATION, JESUITS. FRANCISCANS, SALZBERGERS, HUGUENOTS, PIRATES, INDIANS, ADVENTURERS, TRADERS
AUD PLANTERS, ALL HAVE LEFT THEIR MARKS INDELIBLY ALONG THIS COAST. A CENTURY
PASSED BETWEEN THE TIME GENERAL JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE SETTLED SAVANNAH AND ALL THE LANDS OF GEORGIA WERE ALLOTTED FOR SETTLEMENT. DURING THE CENTURY, MUCH HAPPENED TO ADD TO THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE COAST, ALL OF WHICH PRE-DATED THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA S HINTERLAND.
THE STATE IS FORTUNATE INDEED TO HAVE ACQUIRED THIS SITE ON THE ALTAMAHA RIVER, PRACTICALLY IN THE CENTER OF THOSE fiiSTORIC ACTIVITIES, WHICH AFFORD RECREATIONAL VALUES THAT ONLY TIME CAN PROVIDE. IN THESE VALUES SANTO DOMINGO STATE PARK STANDS PRACTICALLY ALONE, OR AT LEAST EXCELS, ALL OTHER STATE PARKS IN GEORGIA. IT REPRE SEtHS THAT SECTION OF GEORGIA, IN \'IHICH THE ROOTS OF HER CULTURE ARE Et1BEDDED.
LOCATED NEAR U. S ROUTE #17 IN GLYNN CouNTY, THIS PARK HAS POSSIBILITIES OF
SERVING THE ENTIRE STATE IN PERPETUATING 111STORIC VALUES IMPORTANT TO EVERY CITIZEN AND INTERESTING TO TOURISTS, WHOSE TRAVEL ON ROUTE #17 IS VERY HEAVY AT ALL TIMES OF YE,\R
ITS MATERIAL RESOURCES OF RECREATIONAL VALUE CONSIST OF RUINS OF OLD ELIZA FiELD PLANTATION HOUSES, ITS RICE FIELDS AND THE RICE CHIMNEY AND THE OLD CEMETERY WITH A HIGH STONE WALL ARG'UND IT TO KEEP OUT LIVESTOCK, ANOTHER ERA OF HISTORY APPEARS IN THE TABBY RUINS, CLAIMED BY MANY TO BE MISSION RUINS, AFTER WIIICH THE PARK WAS NAMED. PRE DATING EVEN THIS PROBABILITY ARE INDIAN MOUNDS AND OTHER EVI DENCE OF INDIAN OCCUPATION. IT IS REASONABLE TO ASSUME THAT THIS HAS ALWAYS BEEN A DESIRABLE SPOT FOR HABITATION, AND THAT TfiE SPANISH MISSIONARIES REALLY USED IT, INASMUCH AS SANTO DOMINGO DE TALAXE WAS ONE OF THE THREE IMPORTANT MISSIONS ON THE COAST, AND, AS IS ADMITTED CY THOSE IN DOUBT, WAS LOCATED IN TliiS VICINITY.
WITH THE ASS ISTANCE OF TilE CIVIL IAN CONSERVATION CORPS WORKING UNDER THE TECH NICAL DIRE~TION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE, INCLUDING ROADS, TRAILS, LAGOONS, AND AN INN OF SPANISH ARC~IITECTURE. THE PARK CONSISTS OF 350 ACRES OF WELL WOODED LAND, THE NATURAL UNDERGROWTH HAS BEEN SUPPLEMENTED BY ADDED PLANTINGS OF NATIVE SPECIES.
34

THE PROPOSED PLANS POR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS AREA INCLUDE THE CONSTRUCTION OF li. CONCRETE SWIMMING POOL WITH BATHHOUSE AND THE ADDITION OF APPROXIMATELY 20 OVERNIGHT CABINS WiTH THESE ADDITIONAL FACILITIES THE PARK WILL DE ABLE TO ACCON MODATE ADEQUATELY THE MANY VISITORS \'/1-10 COME FROM ALL SECTIONS OF THE STf,TE~
CHEHAW STATE PARK CHEHAW STATE PARK, LYING ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF ALBANY IN DOUGHERTY COUNTY, IS
DEVELOPED AROUND A RICH HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, THE PARK CONTAINS 600 ACRES OF LOW GENTLY ROLLING GROUND, FOR11ERLY THE HUNTING GROUNDS OF THE CREEK INDIANS, FROM WHm~ THE PARK DERIVES ITS NAME. ROADS AND WINDING TRAILS HAVE BEEN BUILT UNDER THE PINE AND HARDWOOD FORESTS AND ALONG THE SHORE OF THE LAKE. fROM THE BLUFFS TO THE SHORE LINE IS AN ALMOST JUNGLE GROWTH OF LARGE TREES WITH FESTOONS OF HANGING MOSS
:. A PICNIC SHELTER, OUTDOOR FIREPLACES, TABLES AND BENCHES HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED
AT SUITABLE SITES IN THE PARK AREA. A BEAUTIFUL LAGOON, WHICH IS FULL OF A VARIETY OF FISH, LIES BETWEEN THE PICNIC SHELTER AND THE LAKE. CERTAIN PORTIONS OF THE AREA, WHICH WERE FARMED HEAVILY FOR A GREAT MANY YEARS, llAVE BEEN REPLANTED N TREES, AND WILL EVENTUALLY BE RESTORED TO AN UNBROKEN STAND OF TIMBER. THE PARK ITSELF WILL PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIKING, BOATING, SWIMMING, PICNICKING, AND NATURE STUDY, WITH THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN ALMOST LOST TRIBE OF INDIANS.
k.lJTLE OcMULGEE STATE PARK liTTLE 0CMULGEE STATE PARK, LOCATED IN WHEELER AND TELFAIR COUNTIES, NEAR
McRAE IS ONE OF THE OUTSTANDING SCENIC AREAS IN THAT SECTION OF THE STATE Wilr-t HIGH SAND HILLS, LONGLEAF PINE, SCRUB OAK AND DEEP DENSE SWAMPS FILLED WITH A VA RIETY OF TREES AND OTHER PLANTS.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A 250 ACRE LAI~E WHICH WILL LIE BETWEEN HIGH SAND HILLS, AND WHICH IS NOW WELL UNDER WAY, WILL PROVIDE SWIMMING, BOATING AND FISHING FACIL
TIES. A BEAUTIFUL LODGE HAS BEEN COMPLETED AND A BATifHOUSE AND BEACH AREA ARE NOW BEING PLANNED. BEHIND THE LODGE, NEAR THE LARGE PARKING AREA, ARE PICNIC SHELTERS, BARBECUE PITS, OUTDOOR FIREPLACES, ,\ND AMPLE TABLES AND BENCMI:S TO ACCO!IMODATE
LARGE GROUPS OF PICNICKERS. THE PARK CONTAINS 1,385 ACRES, AND THERE ARE TRAILS
LEADING INTO ALL SECTIONS OF THE AREA WHICH OFFER UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDY
OF OUR r.t I DOLE GEORG I A WILDLIFE., TN ARE: A t,BOUNDS IN SQUIRRELS AND BIRDS. QUA IL,
DEER AND TURKEY COME OUT OF THE 0CMULGEE SWAMPS AND ARE SEEN IN THE PARK. THE PARK ITSELF IS TRULY RECREATIONAL AND WILL BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC WITHIN THE NEXT FEW SEA SONS,
33

THE PROPOSED PLANS POR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS AREA INCLUDE THE CONSTRUCTION OF li. CONCRETE SWIMMING POOL WITH BATHHOUSE AND THE ADDITION OF APPROXIMATELY 20 OVERNIGHT CABINS WiTH THESE ADDITIONAL FACILITIES THE PARK WILL DE ABLE TO ACCON MODATE ADEQUATELY THE MANY VISITORS \'/1-10 COME FROM ALL SECTIONS OF THE STf,TE~
CHEHAW STATE PARK CHEHAW STATE PARK, LYING ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF ALBANY IN DOUGHERTY COUNTY, IS
DEVELOPED AROUND A RICH HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, THE PARK CONTAINS 600 ACRES OF LOW GENTLY ROLLING GROUND, FOR11ERLY THE HUNTING GROUNDS OF THE CREEK INDIANS, FROM WHm~ THE PARK DERIVES ITS NAME. ROADS AND WINDING TRAILS HAVE BEEN BUILT UNDER THE PINE AND HARDWOOD FORESTS AND ALONG THE SHORE OF THE LAKE. fROM THE BLUFFS TO THE SHORE LINE IS AN ALMOST JUNGLE GROWTH OF LARGE TREES WITH FESTOONS OF HANGING MOSS
:. A PICNIC SHELTER, OUTDOOR FIREPLACES, TABLES AND BENCHES HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED
AT SUITABLE SITES IN THE PARK AREA. A BEAUTIFUL LAGOON, WHICH IS FULL OF A VARIETY OF FISH, LIES BETWEEN THE PICNIC SHELTER AND THE LAKE. CERTAIN PORTIONS OF THE AREA, WHICH WERE FARMED HEAVILY FOR A GREAT MANY YEARS, llAVE BEEN REPLANTED N TREES, AND WILL EVENTUALLY BE RESTORED TO AN UNBROKEN STAND OF TIMBER. THE PARK ITSELF WILL PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIKING, BOATING, SWIMMING, PICNICKING, AND NATURE STUDY, WITH THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN ALMOST LOST TRIBE OF INDIANS.
k.lJTLE OcMULGEE STATE PARK liTTLE 0CMULGEE STATE PARK, LOCATED IN WHEELER AND TELFAIR COUNTIES, NEAR
McRAE IS ONE OF THE OUTSTANDING SCENIC AREAS IN THAT SECTION OF THE STATE Wilr-t HIGH SAND HILLS, LONGLEAF PINE, SCRUB OAK AND DEEP DENSE SWAMPS FILLED WITH A VA RIETY OF TREES AND OTHER PLANTS.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A 250 ACRE LAI~E WHICH WILL LIE BETWEEN HIGH SAND HILLS, AND WHICH IS NOW WELL UNDER WAY, WILL PROVIDE SWIMMING, BOATING AND FISHING FACIL
TIES. A BEAUTIFUL LODGE HAS BEEN COMPLETED AND A BATifHOUSE AND BEACH AREA ARE NOW BEING PLANNED. BEHIND THE LODGE, NEAR THE LARGE PARKING AREA, ARE PICNIC SHELTERS, BARBECUE PITS, OUTDOOR FIREPLACES, ,\ND AMPLE TABLES AND BENCMI:S TO ACCO!IMODATE
LARGE GROUPS OF PICNICKERS. THE PARK CONTAINS 1,385 ACRES, AND THERE ARE TRAILS
LEADING INTO ALL SECTIONS OF THE AREA WHICH OFFER UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDY
OF OUR r.t I DOLE GEORG I A WILDLIFE., TN ARE: A t,BOUNDS IN SQUIRRELS AND BIRDS. QUA IL,
DEER AND TURKEY COME OUT OF THE 0CMULGEE SWAMPS AND ARE SEEN IN THE PARK. THE PARK ITSELF IS TRULY RECREATIONAL AND WILL BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC WITHIN THE NEXT FEW SEA SONS,
33

PAVILION AND SPRING HOUSE. INDIAN SPRINGS 5TATE PARK
LAGOON
SANTO DoMINGo STATE PARK
(-lOME OF Tl-!E- FORMER VICE-PRESIDENT
OF THE CONFEDERACY
ALEl<.ANDER l-l. STEPHENS STATE PARK '

PAVILION AND SPRING HOUSE. INDIAN SPRINGS 5TATE PARK
LAGOON
SANTO DoMINGo STATE PARK
(-lOME OF Tl-!E- FORMER VICE-PRESIDENT
OF THE CONFEDERACY
ALEl<.ANDER l-l. STEPHENS STATE PARK '

IN CHARLTON CouNTY; GovERNOR TROUP NATURAL REsouRcE RESERVATION IN TREUTLEN CouNTY, AND WAYNE COUNTY NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION ARE ALL AREAS WITH OUTSTANDING POSSI BILITIES FOR RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
MUNICIPAL AND COUtJTY AREAS DuE TO LACK OF AVAILABLE INFO~HATION, A COMPLETE SURVEY OF MUNICIPAL AND COUNTY AREAS AND FACILI11ES WAS NOT UNDERTAKEN IN THIS STUDY, BUT WILL BE MADE IN THE NE.\R FUTURE. HOWEVER, CERTAIN LARGE COUNTY PARKS ON WHICH DATA WAS AVAILABLE ARE INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT
!i.Q.PJH FuLTON PARK THIS AREA, ACQUIRED IN 1934, COVERS 312 ACRES OF LOW ROLLING LAND NORTHEAST OF
THE CITY OF ATLANTA. THE PARK IS INTENDED PRIMARILY AS A DAY-USE AREA TO SERVE THE
CITIZE~S OF ATLANTA AND FULTON CoUNTY, AND INCLUDES AN 18 HOLE GOLF COURSE, 10 TEN-
NIS COURTS, SWIMMING POOL, BASEBALL FIELD AND BRIDLE PATH PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS INCLUDE A LARGE OUTDOOR AMPHITHEATRE-
~Q.L!1J1 FULTON PARK loet,TED IN THE SOUTHWEST SECTION OF FULTON, THIS PARK WILL ALSO SERVE THE DAY
USE NEEDS OF ATLANTA AND FULTON COUNTY. THE AREA CONTAINS 153 ACRES WITH 2 CtliLDRENS PLAYGROUNDS, AN 18 HOLE GOLF COURSE, 3 TENNIS COURTS AND A BASEBALL FIELD.
FRO~ A HISTORICAL VIEWPOINT, THE AREA IS TRAVERSED BY Tf~ UTOY CREEK SITE OF SEV ERAL BATTLES DURING THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES. NEARLY A MILE OF TRENCHES AND 3 FORTS STILL STAND COMMEMORATING THESE BATTLES.
JoN~S COUNTY RECREATIONAL AREA
THIS AREA IS LOCATED IN JoNES COUNTY, 3 MILES EAST OF GRAY AND CONTAINS 103 ACRES. IT WAS ACQUIRED IN 1937 AND OPENED TO THE PUBLIC IN JUNE 1938. THE FACI~ !TIES INCLUDE A 9 .HOLE GOLF COURSE, 2 TENNIS COURTS, PICNIC GROUNDS AND A LARGE
LAKE WHERE SWIMMING, BOATING AND FISHING MAY BE ENJOYED.
!lQOERT FECHNER PARK THIS PARK IS LOCATED IN CHATHAM COUNTY, APPROXIMATELY 5 MILES SOUTHEAST OF
SAVANNAH. THE RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS, WHICH WERE CONSTRUCTED BY THE CIVILIAN
CoNSERVATION CORPS, INCLUDE 2 18 HOLE GOLF COURSES, PICNIC GROUNDS, FOOT TRAILS
AND ORIOLE PATHS. THERE ARE A MUSEUM AND BOTANICAL GARDEN PROPOSED FOR THIS AREA.
36

PROSPECTIVE PLANS PROPOSE THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARK AS A BOTANICAL GARDEN. ADDITIONAL NATURALISTIC PLANTINGS OF NATIVE TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PEREN NIALS WOULD DO MUCH TO ENHANCE THE RECREATIVE VALUE OF THE PARK. THIS SHOULD DE DONE IN SUCH A MANNER AS NOT TO CONFLICT WITH THE HISTORIC PERIODS REPRESENTED WITH iN THE CONFINES OF THE PARK
THE PRESENT ROADS, WALKS AND TRAILS ARE OF PURELY MODERNISTIC, INFOR~AL LAND SCAPE DESIGN, WHICH HAS NO RELATIONSHIP TO THE MOTIF OF THIS PARK THIS WAS CAUSED DOUBTLESSLY BY LACK OF PROPER RESEARCH INTO HISTORICAL MODES. INASMUCH AS THE PARK REPRESENTS DIFFERENT PERIODS OF IIISTORY. IT WOULD BE WELL TO ALLOW EXPRESSION OF EACH PERIOD, INSOFAR AS POSSIBLE, IN SEPARATE SECTIONS OF THE PARK. THE EXPENSE OF CONSTRUCTING AND MAINTAINING SUCH A PLAN, WITH APPROPRIATE ARBORETUM EFFECTS iN EACH CASE, WOULD NOT EXCEED THE COST OF A LESS INTEGRATED PLAN. IT WOULD REQUIRC ADDED RESEARCH, WHICH IS NEEDED FOR THIS PARK IN ORDER THAT ITS TRUE VALUE MAY BE APPRECIATED AND PUBLICIZED.
-dsfFERso~_J)Avl s STATE PARK JEFFERSON DAVIS STATE PARK IS 1 MILE NORTH OF IRWINVILLE IN IRWIN COUNTY. ON
THE SITE WHERE JEFFERSON DAVIS, PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERACY, WAS CAPTURED BY THE
FEDERAL TROOPS, A MONUMENT HAS BEEN ERECTED BY THE U D C AND 11 ACRES HAVE BEEN
SET ASIDE AS THE JEFFERSON DAVIS MEMORIAL STATE PARK WHILE AT PRESENT THERE ARE NO FURTI1ER DEVELOPMENTS ON THIS AREA, PLANS CALL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PARKING AREA, MUSEUM AND SEVERAL FOOT TRAILS
THiS PARK IS NOT INTENDED FOR ACTIVE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES BUT ITS PURPOSE IS TO COMMEMORATE THE I DEALS OF TilE CONFEDERATE STATES,, AS EXEMPLIFIED IN THE PEiz SON OF ITS CHIEF ExECUTIVE, AND TO PERPETUATE IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE THE PRiN CIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT VIHICH THE CONFEDERATE FATHERS SOUGHT TO SAVE
QTHER STATE ARCAS DURING THE PAST YEAR, SEVERAL AREAS OF OUTSTANDING SCENIC BEAUTY AND HISTORI
CAL INTEREST HAVE GECN ACQUIRED BY THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, AND WILL BE DEVEL OPED FOR RECRCATIONAL PURPOSES AS SOON AS FUNDS BECOME AVAILABLE.
SITTON S GULCH, LOCATED IN DADE CoUNTY, IS NOTED FOR ITS UNUSUAL SCENIC ATTRACTIONS AND HAS GEEN OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE NGRAND CANYON OF THE SOUTHEAST". KOLOMOKI MOUNDS, LOCATED IN EARLY CoUNTY, IS ONE OF Tl OUTSTANDING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. ST. MARYS RIVER NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION
-35
I THE GENERA' L '8RAFiY I THE UNIVEP.S!TY \. Ci:.ORGIA

PROSPECTIVE PLANS PROPOSE THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARK AS A BOTANICAL GARDEN. ADDITIONAL NATURALISTIC PLANTINGS OF NATIVE TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PEREN NIALS WOULD DO MUCH TO ENHANCE THE RECREATIVE VALUE OF THE PARK. THIS SHOULD DE DONE IN SUCH A MANNER AS NOT TO CONFLICT WITH THE HISTORIC PERIODS REPRESENTED WITH iN THE CONFINES OF THE PARK
THE PRESENT ROADS, WALKS AND TRAILS ARE OF PURELY MODERNISTIC, INFOR~AL LAND SCAPE DESIGN, WHICH HAS NO RELATIONSHIP TO THE MOTIF OF THIS PARK THIS WAS CAUSED DOUBTLESSLY BY LACK OF PROPER RESEARCH INTO HISTORICAL MODES. INASMUCH AS THE PARK REPRESENTS DIFFERENT PERIODS OF IIISTORY. IT WOULD BE WELL TO ALLOW EXPRESSION OF EACH PERIOD, INSOFAR AS POSSIBLE, IN SEPARATE SECTIONS OF THE PARK. THE EXPENSE OF CONSTRUCTING AND MAINTAINING SUCH A PLAN, WITH APPROPRIATE ARBORETUM EFFECTS iN EACH CASE, WOULD NOT EXCEED THE COST OF A LESS INTEGRATED PLAN. IT WOULD REQUIRC ADDED RESEARCH, WHICH IS NEEDED FOR THIS PARK IN ORDER THAT ITS TRUE VALUE MAY BE APPRECIATED AND PUBLICIZED.
-dsfFERso~_J)Avl s STATE PARK JEFFERSON DAVIS STATE PARK IS 1 MILE NORTH OF IRWINVILLE IN IRWIN COUNTY. ON
THE SITE WHERE JEFFERSON DAVIS, PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERACY, WAS CAPTURED BY THE
FEDERAL TROOPS, A MONUMENT HAS BEEN ERECTED BY THE U D C AND 11 ACRES HAVE BEEN
SET ASIDE AS THE JEFFERSON DAVIS MEMORIAL STATE PARK WHILE AT PRESENT THERE ARE NO FURTI1ER DEVELOPMENTS ON THIS AREA, PLANS CALL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PARKING AREA, MUSEUM AND SEVERAL FOOT TRAILS
THiS PARK IS NOT INTENDED FOR ACTIVE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES BUT ITS PURPOSE IS TO COMMEMORATE THE I DEALS OF TilE CONFEDERATE STATES,, AS EXEMPLIFIED IN THE PEiz SON OF ITS CHIEF ExECUTIVE, AND TO PERPETUATE IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE THE PRiN CIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT VIHICH THE CONFEDERATE FATHERS SOUGHT TO SAVE
QTHER STATE ARCAS DURING THE PAST YEAR, SEVERAL AREAS OF OUTSTANDING SCENIC BEAUTY AND HISTORI
CAL INTEREST HAVE GECN ACQUIRED BY THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, AND WILL BE DEVEL OPED FOR RECRCATIONAL PURPOSES AS SOON AS FUNDS BECOME AVAILABLE.
SITTON S GULCH, LOCATED IN DADE CoUNTY, IS NOTED FOR ITS UNUSUAL SCENIC ATTRACTIONS AND HAS GEEN OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE NGRAND CANYON OF THE SOUTHEAST". KOLOMOKI MOUNDS, LOCATED IN EARLY CoUNTY, IS ONE OF Tl OUTSTANDING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. ST. MARYS RIVER NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION
-35
I THE GENERA' L '8RAFiY I THE UNIVEP.S!TY \. Ci:.ORGIA

KENNESAW MOUNTAIN NATIONAL !;)A TTLE F{_E:."'L""D'-'-P-"A"-R'-"K,_ _ _ __
KENNESAW MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK, 1,700 ACRES OF WHICH WERE ACQUIRED IN 1938, IS ADJACENT TO THE KENNESAW MOUNTAIN NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD SITE OF 171.1 ACRES, AC QUif<ED iN 1917
ON THE LATTER AREA ONE FINDS, IN EXCELLENT CONDITION, THE TRENCHES MADE DURING SHERMAN'S ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. ON THIS GROUND THE FEDERAL TROOPS CHARGED AGAINST THE CONFEDERATES AND WERE REPULSED WITH HEAVY LOSSES.
THE DEVELOPMENTS FOR THIS NEW ADDITION HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY PLANNED; HOWEVER, THE RESTORATION OF THE TRENCHES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRIVES WILL PROBABLY BE THE MAJOR ACTIVITIES"
ALTHOUGH ACTIVE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES HAVE NOT BEEN PLANNED, AN AREA SUITA BLE FOR SUCH DEVELOPMENT IS SEPARATED FROM THE REST OF TliE PARK BY ONE OF THE HIGH
' EST RIDGES.
Q~MULGEE NATIONAL MONUMENT
THE 0CMULGEE N,-\TIONAL t.1oNUMENT OF 688.40 ACRES, WHICH CONSISIS OF TV/0 TRACTS,
THE MACON AREA AND THE LAMAR AREA, WAS PURCHASED BY MACON AND BIBB COUNTY CITIZENS AND DONATED TO THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE,
THROUGH THE MACON HISTORIC SOCIETY, DECEMBER 1936.
THIS ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, USING CWA LABOR, WAS INAUGURATED UNDER THE JOINT AUSPICES OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND THE GEORGIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY ACTlNG FOR THE CITY OF MACON.
ON NOVEMBER 25, 1937, THE CEREMONIAL CHAMBER VIAS OPENED TO VISITORS. THE OUT
STANDING FEATURES OF THE AREA ARE THE EVIDENCES OF PREHISTORIC INDIAN OCCUPATION, INCLUDING BURIAL AND CEREMONIAL MOUNDS, HOUSES AND VILLAGES.
A MUSEUM, AS WELL AS TRAILSIDE MUSEUMS, IS PROPOSED FOR THIS PROJECT. FACILI-
TIES FOR ACTIVE RECREATION ARE NOT CONTEMPLATED, AS ALL DEVELOPMENTS WILL PROBABLY DE CENTERED AROUND THE EXHIBITION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS, INCLUDING RESTORATION OF PRE-HISTORIC STRUCTURES.
FO_RT PULASKI NATIONAL MONUMENT
FoRT PuLASKI NATIONAL MoNUMENT ON CocKSPUR IsLAND, AT THE MOUTH OF THE SAVANNAH
RIVER WAS ESHBLISHED BY PRESIDENTIAL lfROCl.OMATtON ON OCTOBER 15, 1924, AND EMBRACES AN AREA OF APPROXIMATELY 537 ACRES.
38

tJAT ImJAL PI1RKS AtJD MOt~UMENTS

CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA ~ATIONAL MILITARY PARK
THE CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, COMPOSED OF TWO SEC
TICNS OF THE AREA ON WHICH THE BATTLES OF CHICKAMAUGA, WAUHATCHIE, ORCHARD KNOB,
LOOKOUT tliOUNTAIN, AND MISS10NARY RIDGE WERE FOUGHT, WAS CREATED BY AN ACT OF CON
GRESS, AUGUST 19, '1890

TillS PARK EMBRACES 8,629 ACRES IN THE STATES OF GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE, WITH THE CHICI~AMAUGA SECTION CONTAINING 5,562.28 ACRES.

-.,.

Tl PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE PARK ARE NEARLY THE SAME AS THEY WERE IN 1863.

,

AT THE PRESENT T It1E THERE IS A SYSTEM OF IMPROVED ROADS OVER V/H ICH OtJE Ct,N TRAVEL

TO ANY PART OF THE PARK. THESE ROADS, WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS, \'/ERE BUILT ALONG THE

ORIGINAL ROADS AND TRAILS

THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF TillS AREA DRAWS MANY VISITORS. THE GUIDE SERVICE PROVIDED IS TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF BY A LARGE NUMBER OF TOURISTS, AS WELL AS PEOPLE
FROM ADJOINING STATES. No RECREATIONAL FACILiTY DEVELOPMENT IS CONTEMPLATED HERE,
AS IT IS PRIMARILY A HISTORIC AREA.

POINT PAr:K, SITUATED ON THE IJORTHERIJ END OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, COt.1MANDS A SU PEflB VIEW OF CHATTANOOGA AND THE SURROUNDING COUNTRY. THE PARK IN WHICH TH1S LOOK OUT IS SITUATED IS PARTIALLY LOCATED IN THE STATE OF TENNESSEE, WITH THE SOUTHERN SECTION IN GEORGIA. THIS H1LLTOP AREA HAS PROVEN TO BE OF UNUSUAL INTER EST TO TOURI~TS, BUT WOULD HARDLY COME UNDER THE CLASSIFICATION OF A DAY-USE AREA FOR THE CITIZENS OF GEORGIA

NEw EcHOTA MARKER NATIONAL MEMORIAL I THE NEW EcHOTA M,\RKER tJATIONAL ~1Et.10RIAL OF ONE ACRE, LOCATED TWO MILES EAST
OF CALHOUN, GEORGIA, WAS CREATED BY AN ACT OF CONGRESS, MAY 28, 1930, AT WHICH
Tlt1E THE SECRETARY OF WAR \'/AS AUTHORIZED TO 11 ERECT UPON POSITION OF THE SITE OF
NEW ECHOTA, LAST CAPITOL OF THE CHEROKEE INDIANS PRIOR TO THEIR REMOVAL, IN 1838,
WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, A SUITABLE MARKER."
DuE TO THE SIZE AND CHARACTER OF THIS MEMORIAL, IT WOULD ONLY COME UNDER THE. \CLASSIFICATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL AREA, AS IT WILL NOT DE USED FOR ACTIVE RECREATION.

3"1

tJAT ImJAL PI1RKS AtJD MOt~UMENTS

CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA ~ATIONAL MILITARY PARK
THE CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, COMPOSED OF TWO SEC
TICNS OF THE AREA ON WHICH THE BATTLES OF CHICKAMAUGA, WAUHATCHIE, ORCHARD KNOB,
LOOKOUT tliOUNTAIN, AND MISS10NARY RIDGE WERE FOUGHT, WAS CREATED BY AN ACT OF CON
GRESS, AUGUST 19, '1890

TillS PARK EMBRACES 8,629 ACRES IN THE STATES OF GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE, WITH THE CHICI~AMAUGA SECTION CONTAINING 5,562.28 ACRES.

-.,.

Tl PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE PARK ARE NEARLY THE SAME AS THEY WERE IN 1863.

,

AT THE PRESENT T It1E THERE IS A SYSTEM OF IMPROVED ROADS OVER V/H ICH OtJE Ct,N TRAVEL

TO ANY PART OF THE PARK. THESE ROADS, WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS, \'/ERE BUILT ALONG THE

ORIGINAL ROADS AND TRAILS

THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF TillS AREA DRAWS MANY VISITORS. THE GUIDE SERVICE PROVIDED IS TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF BY A LARGE NUMBER OF TOURISTS, AS WELL AS PEOPLE
FROM ADJOINING STATES. No RECREATIONAL FACILiTY DEVELOPMENT IS CONTEMPLATED HERE,
AS IT IS PRIMARILY A HISTORIC AREA.

POINT PAr:K, SITUATED ON THE IJORTHERIJ END OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, COt.1MANDS A SU PEflB VIEW OF CHATTANOOGA AND THE SURROUNDING COUNTRY. THE PARK IN WHICH TH1S LOOK OUT IS SITUATED IS PARTIALLY LOCATED IN THE STATE OF TENNESSEE, WITH THE SOUTHERN SECTION IN GEORGIA. THIS H1LLTOP AREA HAS PROVEN TO BE OF UNUSUAL INTER EST TO TOURI~TS, BUT WOULD HARDLY COME UNDER THE CLASSIFICATION OF A DAY-USE AREA FOR THE CITIZENS OF GEORGIA

NEw EcHOTA MARKER NATIONAL MEMORIAL I THE NEW EcHOTA M,\RKER tJATIONAL ~1Et.10RIAL OF ONE ACRE, LOCATED TWO MILES EAST
OF CALHOUN, GEORGIA, WAS CREATED BY AN ACT OF CONGRESS, MAY 28, 1930, AT WHICH
Tlt1E THE SECRETARY OF WAR \'/AS AUTHORIZED TO 11 ERECT UPON POSITION OF THE SITE OF
NEW ECHOTA, LAST CAPITOL OF THE CHEROKEE INDIANS PRIOR TO THEIR REMOVAL, IN 1838,
WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, A SUITABLE MARKER."
DuE TO THE SIZE AND CHARACTER OF THIS MEMORIAL, IT WOULD ONLY COME UNDER THE. \CLASSIFICATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL AREA, AS IT WILL NOT DE USED FOR ACTIVE RECREATION.

3"1

W. P. A. RECREATIONAL LEADERS AT TRAINING CAMP
HARD LABOR [Reel<.
RecREATIONAL AREA
ARC:l-IE:D BRIC!-<WOQH r-oRT PULA5K I NATIONAL MoNUMENT
RESTOQEO PREI"i15TOR!C 500 (-lOUSE: OVE:R
CEREMONIAL COUNCIL C!-IAMI3E:R OcMULGEE NATIONAL MoNUMENT NEAR MACON

W. P. A. RECREATIONAL LEADERS AT TRAINING CAMP
HARD LABOR [Reel<.
RecREATIONAL AREA
ARC:l-IE:D BRIC!-<WOQH r-oRT PULA5K I NATIONAL MoNUMENT
RESTOQEO PREI"i15TOR!C 500 (-lOUSE: OVE:R
CEREMONIAL COUNCIL C!-IAMI3E:R OcMULGEE NATIONAL MoNUMENT NEAR MACON

IT WOULD BE DESIRABLE TO HAVE 19,000 ADDITIONAL ACRES ON THIS PROJECT ALTHOUGH 6,000 ACRES MAY BE SUFFICIENT THIS ADDITIONA~LAND IS NEEDED BECAUSE FARMING PRAC
T ICES, TOGETHER WITH ROAD BUILDING AND MA ItJTENANCE. PRACTICES, HAVE CREATED AN ERO SION PROBLEM ON THE WATERSHED. A MAJOR PART OF THE TOPSOIL HAS ALREADY BEEN CARRIED I tJTO SWAMP AND STREAM BOTTOMS, RUINING NOT ONLY FARMS OUT STREAMS AS WELL THE PRESENT DEVELOPMENT MAY BE DOOMED TO A SHORT LIFE, UNLESS EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES ARE EFFECTED ON THE ENTIRE WATERSHED

"'j:

THE AREA AFFORDS FACILITIES FOR SWIMMING, BOATING AND FISHING ON THE TWO LAKES,

PICNICKING, NATURE AND SCENIC STUDY AND ORGANIZED CAMPING THERE ARE TWO CAMPS CAP
ABLE OF ACCOMMODATING 150 PERSONS TRAINING CAMPS FOR W p A RECREATIONAL LEADERS

ARE CONDUCTED ON THIS AREA

{ ~L.EXANDER. .!:1_2l_EPHENS J$ICREf, T IONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA THE ALEXANDER H STEPHENS RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA IS LOCATED IN lALlA-
FERRO COUNTY AT CRAWFORDVILLE ON STATE HiGHWAY #12. THE AREA CONTAINS 1,007 ACRES
AND ADJOINS THE ALEXANDER H STEPI1ENS MEMORIAL STATE PARK.
THE SURF1\CE OF THE LAND IS MOSTLY ROLLING, THE ELEVATION RANGING FROM 475 TO 600 FEET. THE COVER IS 111 XED PINE AND HARDWOOD WITH THIN UNDERBRUSH, AND NUMEROUS
WILD FLOWERS THE WiLDLIFE INCLUDES RABBITS, SQUIRRELS, OPOSSUMS AND A GREAT VARIETY OF SONGBIRDS THE AREA AFFORDS FACILITIES FOR SWIMMING, BOATiNG AND FISHING ON THE LAKE; PICNICKING, NATURE AND SCENIC STUDY, AND ORGANIZED CAMPING THE PROPOSED FACILITIES FOR THIS AREA INCLUDE A MUSEUM, PLAYFIELD, BEACH, RECREATIONAL BUILDING, A DINING HALL AND KITCHEN.

e.Lt:J.E: MOUNTAIN RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA THE PINE MOUNTAIN RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA, LOCATED IN HARRIS COUNTY,
NEAR CHIPLEY, GEORGIA, JUST WEST OF U. S. HIGHWAY #27, CONTAINS 2,975 ACRES AND AD JOINS THE PiNE MOUNTt.IN STATE PARK. IT IS SEMI MOUNTAINOUS, RANGING FROM 800 TO 1,250 FEET; IS HEAVILY WOODED WITH MIXED PINE AND HARDVIOODS. THE PRESENT FACIL1 TIES OF THIS AREA INCLUDE 3 MILES OF STREAMS, 3 MILES OF DRIVES, 1 SOFTBALL FIELD,
AND AN ORGANIZED CAMP. THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS FOR THIS AREA CALL FOR THE ADDJ T!ON OF ONE TO TWO THOUSAND ACRES WHICH WOULD GIVE MUCH NEEDED PROTECTION TO THIS AREA, AS WELL AS ASSIST IN THE ELIMINATION OF THE PRESENT COUNTY ROAD, WHICH DIVIDES THE AREA IN TWO SECTIONS AND PROHIBITS CONTROL OF THE AREA FROM ONE ENTRANCE POINT. THIS ADDITIONAL ACQUISITION WOULD ALLOW THE CONSTRUCTION OF A DAM WHICH WOULD IM
POUND A LAKE APPROXIMATELY 200 ACRES. SUCH A LAKE WOULD BE LARGE ENOUGH FOR MORE
TliAN ONE GROUP CAMP, AND WOULD ALLOW AN ADDITIONAL AREA FOR DAY-USE RECREATION.

40

FORT PULASKI IS ONE OF THE FINEST SURVIVING EXAMPLES OF A NINETEENTH CENTURY 3RICK FORTIFICATION. THE COMPLETE FORT IS A FIVE-SIDED ORICK-WORK 1,580 FEET IN CIRCUMFERENCE, ENCLOSING A PARADE GROUND TWO AND ONE-HALF ACRES IN EXTENT, AND DESIGNED TO MOUNT TWO TIERS OF GUNS, ONE IN TliE CASEMENTS OR OOtm-PROOf CHAMBER, THE OTHEP- EN OAP-BETTE OR ON THE OPEN PLATFORr1 ATOP THE FORT.
IT 'lMS HERE, APRIL 10 AND 11, 1862, THAT RIFLED CANNON WERE FIRST USED AGAINST A MASONRY FORTf<ESS IN T I~IE OF \'/Ar!, AND CAUSED THE FORT TO SURRENDER.
THIS 140NUHENT IS LOCATED SEVENTEEN AND ONE-HALF 11 ILES FRot4 SAVJ\NNAH ON TYBEE ROAD, 'i/111 CH IS AN EXTENSION OF U. S. HIGHWAY No. 80. THE I1AJOR ITV OF THE DEVELOPMENT WORK TO DATE HAS OEEN IN THE RESTORJ\TION OF THE FORT. PLAN AND WORK FOR ITS RESTORATION STARTED IN 1933 UNDER Tl~ PUBLIC WoRKS ADMINISTRATION, AND PROGRESSED UNDER THE CIVIL WORKS ADt-11NISTRATION. AT THAT TIME CONSIDERADLE VALUADLE RESEARCH WAS DONE THROUGH l"lECORDS, AND AT THE SITE OF THE FORT, WHICH REVEALED COtJS IDE RADLE INTEHESTING HISTOI\ICAL INFORMATION. DUP-ING 1936 THE NATIOtJAL PARK SERVICE, ASSISTEDDY THE CtVILIMJ CONSERVATION CORPS, COIJTINUED THE RESTORATION AND DEVELOPt.fENT OF THIS SITE WHICH IS REACHING A STAGE OF COMPLETION AS A RECREATIONAL RESOURCE FOR THIS AHEA.
MUSEUMS, TRAILSIDE EXHIOITS, DIORAMAS, PICNIC FACILITIES, AS WELL AS FACILIT!ES FOR FISHING PARTIES, WILL PROVIDE WEEK-DAY RECREATION FOR THE CITIZENS OF SAVANNAH, AS WELL AS FOR THOSE LARGE NUt-10ERS OF TOURISTS WHO STOP AT THIS AREA.
RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS
HARD LABOR CREEK RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA THE HARD LAGOR CREEK RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA, DEVELOPED AND OPERATED
OY THE NAT IONA,L PARK 5ERV ICE, IS LOCATED IN MORGAN AND WALTON COUNTIES, GEORG IA,
AT RUTLEDGE, JUST NORTH OF STATE HiGHWAY No. 12. IT IS FORTY-NI~JE MILES EAST OF
ATLANTA, TWE:ttTY-FIVE t-11LES. ~OUTHWEST OF ATHENS AND ONE HUNDRED MILES WEST OF AUGUSTA.
THE AREA CONTAINS 5,482 ACRES, HOSTLY ROLLING, AND IS EASILY ACCESSIOLE OY HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD. THE AREA IS PAiniALLY WOODED WITH BOTH PINE AND HARDWOOD, AND HAS NUMEROUS WILD FLOWERS, MOSSES AND FERNS. WILDLIFE IS ABUNDANT, INCLUDING FOX, RAOOITS, DUCKS, SONGOIRDS, BREAM, OASS AND CATFISH. STREAMS AND WATERFALLS AND NUMEROUS SPRINGS ADD TO THE SCENIC ATTRACTION OF THE AREA. THE HISTORICAL OACKGROUND IS ENHANCED OY THE REMAINS OF AN INDIAN VILLAGE.
-39-

FORT PULASKI IS ONE OF THE FINEST SURVIVING EXAMPLES OF A NINETEENTH CENTURY 3RICK FORTIFICATION. THE COMPLETE FORT IS A FIVE-SIDED ORICK-WORK 1,580 FEET IN CIRCUMFERENCE, ENCLOSING A PARADE GROUND TWO AND ONE-HALF ACRES IN EXTENT, AND DESIGNED TO MOUNT TWO TIERS OF GUNS, ONE IN TliE CASEMENTS OR OOtm-PROOf CHAMBER, THE OTHEP- EN OAP-BETTE OR ON THE OPEN PLATFORr1 ATOP THE FORT.
IT 'lMS HERE, APRIL 10 AND 11, 1862, THAT RIFLED CANNON WERE FIRST USED AGAINST A MASONRY FORTf<ESS IN T I~IE OF \'/Ar!, AND CAUSED THE FORT TO SURRENDER.
THIS 140NUHENT IS LOCATED SEVENTEEN AND ONE-HALF 11 ILES FRot4 SAVJ\NNAH ON TYBEE ROAD, 'i/111 CH IS AN EXTENSION OF U. S. HIGHWAY No. 80. THE I1AJOR ITV OF THE DEVELOPMENT WORK TO DATE HAS OEEN IN THE RESTORJ\TION OF THE FORT. PLAN AND WORK FOR ITS RESTORATION STARTED IN 1933 UNDER Tl~ PUBLIC WoRKS ADMINISTRATION, AND PROGRESSED UNDER THE CIVIL WORKS ADt-11NISTRATION. AT THAT TIME CONSIDERADLE VALUADLE RESEARCH WAS DONE THROUGH l"lECORDS, AND AT THE SITE OF THE FORT, WHICH REVEALED COtJS IDE RADLE INTEHESTING HISTOI\ICAL INFORMATION. DUP-ING 1936 THE NATIOtJAL PARK SERVICE, ASSISTEDDY THE CtVILIMJ CONSERVATION CORPS, COIJTINUED THE RESTORATION AND DEVELOPt.fENT OF THIS SITE WHICH IS REACHING A STAGE OF COMPLETION AS A RECREATIONAL RESOURCE FOR THIS AHEA.
MUSEUMS, TRAILSIDE EXHIOITS, DIORAMAS, PICNIC FACILITIES, AS WELL AS FACILIT!ES FOR FISHING PARTIES, WILL PROVIDE WEEK-DAY RECREATION FOR THE CITIZENS OF SAVANNAH, AS WELL AS FOR THOSE LARGE NUt-10ERS OF TOURISTS WHO STOP AT THIS AREA.
RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS
HARD LABOR CREEK RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA THE HARD LAGOR CREEK RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA, DEVELOPED AND OPERATED
OY THE NAT IONA,L PARK 5ERV ICE, IS LOCATED IN MORGAN AND WALTON COUNTIES, GEORG IA,
AT RUTLEDGE, JUST NORTH OF STATE HiGHWAY No. 12. IT IS FORTY-NI~JE MILES EAST OF
ATLANTA, TWE:ttTY-FIVE t-11LES. ~OUTHWEST OF ATHENS AND ONE HUNDRED MILES WEST OF AUGUSTA.
THE AREA CONTAINS 5,482 ACRES, HOSTLY ROLLING, AND IS EASILY ACCESSIOLE OY HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD. THE AREA IS PAiniALLY WOODED WITH BOTH PINE AND HARDWOOD, AND HAS NUMEROUS WILD FLOWERS, MOSSES AND FERNS. WILDLIFE IS ABUNDANT, INCLUDING FOX, RAOOITS, DUCKS, SONGOIRDS, BREAM, OASS AND CATFISH. STREAMS AND WATERFALLS AND NUMEROUS SPRINGS ADD TO THE SCENIC ATTRACTION OF THE AREA. THE HISTORICAL OACKGROUND IS ENHANCED OY THE REMAINS OF AN INDIAN VILLAGE.
-39-

THERE ARE SEVERAL POPULAR RESORTS IN THESE MOUNTAINS. THERE EXISTS OPPORTUNITY FOR CONSIDERABLE DEVELOPMENT WITHOUT ENCROACHING ON THE NATIONAL FOREST AREA. INCREASED USE OF TillS WONDERFUL MOUNTAINOUS AREA FOR ALL KINDS OF RECREATION IS ONE OF THE GREATEST POTENTIALITIES OF THE STATE. IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC FACILITIES IS THE FIRST STEP NECESSARY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THIS ASSET.
LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS
ELA~TATION PiEDMONT PROJECT THIS AREA IS LOCATED IN PUTNAM, JASPER AND JoNES COUNTIES, WITH HEADQUARTERS
AT EATONTON, GEORGIA. THE ORIGINAL PLANS CALLED FOR AN ACQUISITION OF 125,000 ACRES; TO DATE 102,977 ACRES HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED, WITH OPTIONS HELD ON 10,312 ADDI
TIONAL ACRES. THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS THE PURCHASE OF WORN OUT, SUBMARGINAL LAND AND ITS TRANSFORMATION INTO FORESTS, RECREATICNAL AREAS, WILDLIFE PRESERVE, AND GRAZING AREAS.
THE RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS TO DATE INCLUDE FACILITIES FOR SWIMMING, BOAT lNG AND FISHING, PICNICKING, NATURE STUDY AND HIKING. PLANS CALL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN ADDITIONAL LAKE, OVERNIGHT CABINS AND PICNIC SHELTE~S. THERE IS ALSO PROPOSED A RECREATIONAL AREA FOR NEGROES WHICH WILL INCLUDE AN ORGANIZED CAMP DINING HALL AND A SMALL LAKE.
(lE,oF'G 1~ CoASTAL Fd.Twooo UPLAND GAME PROJECT THIS AREA, COVERING APPROXIMATELY 32,000 ACRES, IS SITUATED IMI1EDIATELY NORTH
OF THE OKEFENOKEE WiLD LIFE REFUGE, AND FOUR MILES SOUTHEAST OF WAYCROSS, GEORGIA. THE AREA IS DEVOTED PRIMARILY TO FORESTRY, WILDLIFE AND RECREATION.
THE RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON THIS AREA COVERS APPROXIMATELY 220 ACRES, WITH
ADDITIONAL ACREAGE PROPOSED FOR AN AREA TO BE DEVELOPED FOR NEGROES.
AT PRESENT FACILITfES ARE PROVIOE'O rOR S'vi!MMING', FISHING AND BOATING AS WELL
AS PICNICKING, NATURE STUDY, ETC. THE AREA CONTAitJS T':iO SMALL WAYSIDE PARKS WITH TABLES, SHETLERS, ETC.
WILD LIFE REFUGES OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE
APPROXIMATELY 296,000 ACRES IN THE HEART OF THE OKEFENOKEE SWAMP HAVE BEEN AC
QUIRED BY THE UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, WI~SE PLANS ARE TO PROTECT THIS AREA, AND THEREBY ALLOW NATURE TO ATTRACT THE WILDLIFE, WHICH IS ALREADY RETURNING TO TilE S\1/AMP IN INCREASING NUMBERS AND SPECIES.
42

CHATTAHOOCHEE NATIONAL FOREST
THIS AREA IS A LARGE PORTION OF THE GEORGIA HIGHLANDS. IT IS PLANNED TO IN CLUDE 1,558,000 ACRES, OF WHICH 514,523 HAVE OEEN ACQUIRED BY THE UNITED STATES FOR EST SERVICE. WITHIN ITS BOUNDARIES ARE VOGEL STATE PARK AND FORT MOUNTAIN STATE PARK.
THE SCENIC GRANDEUR OF GEORGIAS HIGHLANDS IS UNSURPASSED BY ANY SECTION OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS. BECAUSE OF ITS RUGGED AND UNTRAMMELED WILD NATURE, TillS SEC TION OF GEORGIA DESERVES MUCH MORE ATTENTION THAN IT HAS RECEIVED. MOST OF ITS ORI GINAL NATURAL BEAUTY, CONSISTING OF HARDWOOD AND PINE FORESTS, WATERFALLS AND LAKES IS BEING RETAINED UNDER FOREST SERVICE MANAGEMENT. WILDLIFE IS ALSO ASSURED PROTEC TION THROUGH THE MAINTENANCE BY THE FOREST SERVICE OF THE NOONTOOTLY NATIONAL GAME REFUGE, CONSISTING OF ABOUT 14,000 ACRES IN A WILD CENTRAL SECTION OF THE FOREST. THE FOREST SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED ELEVEN AREAS FOR INTENSIVE RECREATIONAL USC LAKE WINFIELD SCOTT AND RABUN BEACH AFFORD SWIMMING AND BOATING. THE OTHER SELEClED AREAS ARE LOCAL PO INTS FOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES, TO WHICH THE EtH IRE HI GHUNCS ARE SO WELL ADAPTED, SUCH AS CAMPING AND HIKING.
AWE INSPIRING VIEWS FRO!-l GIDDY HEIGHTS, SUCI1 AS MAY 13E SEEN FROM FORT MOUNT A IN STATE PARK, ARE UNNUt.18ERED HERE. DEEP VALLEYS, TilE I R SLOPES COVERED BY A GREEN CARPET OF DENSE FOREST FOLIAGE, UPON WHICH ARE TRACED LACY SHADOWS OF FLEECY WHITE
CLOUDS OVERHEAD, ARE INTERWOVEN AMONG TOWERING PEAKS AND RANGES. THE FLOORS c: THE
VALLEYS ARE CLEFTS TWO TO THREE THOUSAND FEET BELOW, THROUGH WHICH FLOW CLEAR MOUNT AIN STREAMS ABOUNDING WITH TROUT. So STEEP ARE THE SLOPES AND SO DEEP ARE THE VAl LEYS THAT THE FLOORS OF TI~E NARRO'Ii V,\LLEYS SELDOM Cf.N BE SEEN FP.ot~ A1301JE. ABUNDI1N 1 RAINFALL MAINTAINS TIE FRESHNESS OF THE VERDURE AND PREVENTS A PARCHED APPEARANCE COMMON IN SO~lE MOUNTAINOUS ARElS'.
THE PRINCIPAL HIGHWAY THROUGH THE MOUNTAINS IS U. S ROUTE #76. THIS ROAD
WOULD RECEIVE MORE USE IF IT WERE WIDENEO AND HARD-SURFACED. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY FINE VIEWS ALONG THIS HIGHWAY, WHICH FORCE TRAVELERS TO STOP FREQUENTLY FOR ENJOYMENT OF BEAUTIFUL PANORAMAS, THE HIGHWAY DOES NOT REACH MANY SPOTS OF CONSID ERABLE RECREATIONAL VALUE.
AMICALOLA FALLS, ONE OF THE HIGHEST AND MOST BEAUTIFUL WATERFALLS IN THE EAST ERN UNITED STATES, IS ONLY ONE OF THE OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF THE HIGHLANDS, BUT IT IS NOT EASILY ACCESSIBLE BY HIGHWAY.
41

CHATTAHOOCHEE NATIONAL FOREST
THIS AREA IS A LARGE PORTION OF THE GEORGIA HIGHLANDS. IT IS PLANNED TO IN CLUDE 1,558,000 ACRES, OF WHICH 514,523 HAVE OEEN ACQUIRED BY THE UNITED STATES FOR EST SERVICE. WITHIN ITS BOUNDARIES ARE VOGEL STATE PARK AND FORT MOUNTAIN STATE PARK.
THE SCENIC GRANDEUR OF GEORGIAS HIGHLANDS IS UNSURPASSED BY ANY SECTION OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS. BECAUSE OF ITS RUGGED AND UNTRAMMELED WILD NATURE, TillS SEC TION OF GEORGIA DESERVES MUCH MORE ATTENTION THAN IT HAS RECEIVED. MOST OF ITS ORI GINAL NATURAL BEAUTY, CONSISTING OF HARDWOOD AND PINE FORESTS, WATERFALLS AND LAKES IS BEING RETAINED UNDER FOREST SERVICE MANAGEMENT. WILDLIFE IS ALSO ASSURED PROTEC TION THROUGH THE MAINTENANCE BY THE FOREST SERVICE OF THE NOONTOOTLY NATIONAL GAME REFUGE, CONSISTING OF ABOUT 14,000 ACRES IN A WILD CENTRAL SECTION OF THE FOREST. THE FOREST SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED ELEVEN AREAS FOR INTENSIVE RECREATIONAL USC LAKE WINFIELD SCOTT AND RABUN BEACH AFFORD SWIMMING AND BOATING. THE OTHER SELEClED AREAS ARE LOCAL PO INTS FOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES, TO WHICH THE EtH IRE HI GHUNCS ARE SO WELL ADAPTED, SUCH AS CAMPING AND HIKING.
AWE INSPIRING VIEWS FRO!-l GIDDY HEIGHTS, SUCI1 AS MAY 13E SEEN FROM FORT MOUNT A IN STATE PARK, ARE UNNUt.18ERED HERE. DEEP VALLEYS, TilE I R SLOPES COVERED BY A GREEN CARPET OF DENSE FOREST FOLIAGE, UPON WHICH ARE TRACED LACY SHADOWS OF FLEECY WHITE
CLOUDS OVERHEAD, ARE INTERWOVEN AMONG TOWERING PEAKS AND RANGES. THE FLOORS c: THE
VALLEYS ARE CLEFTS TWO TO THREE THOUSAND FEET BELOW, THROUGH WHICH FLOW CLEAR MOUNT AIN STREAMS ABOUNDING WITH TROUT. So STEEP ARE THE SLOPES AND SO DEEP ARE THE VAl LEYS THAT THE FLOORS OF TI~E NARRO'Ii V,\LLEYS SELDOM Cf.N BE SEEN FP.ot~ A1301JE. ABUNDI1N 1 RAINFALL MAINTAINS TIE FRESHNESS OF THE VERDURE AND PREVENTS A PARCHED APPEARANCE COMMON IN SO~lE MOUNTAINOUS ARElS'.
THE PRINCIPAL HIGHWAY THROUGH THE MOUNTAINS IS U. S ROUTE #76. THIS ROAD
WOULD RECEIVE MORE USE IF IT WERE WIDENEO AND HARD-SURFACED. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY FINE VIEWS ALONG THIS HIGHWAY, WHICH FORCE TRAVELERS TO STOP FREQUENTLY FOR ENJOYMENT OF BEAUTIFUL PANORAMAS, THE HIGHWAY DOES NOT REACH MANY SPOTS OF CONSID ERABLE RECREATIONAL VALUE.
AMICALOLA FALLS, ONE OF THE HIGHEST AND MOST BEAUTIFUL WATERFALLS IN THE EAST ERN UNITED STATES, IS ONLY ONE OF THE OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF THE HIGHLANDS, BUT IT IS NOT EASILY ACCESSIBLE BY HIGHWAY.
41

-"._:,..
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE OKEFENOKEE SWAMP
Before the dawn of history,- before the shoreline of Georgia took ita present form,the Okefenokee was a part of an ancient sea. Deposits of sand partially filled this prehistoric sound, and the slowly rising land eventually made the Big Swamp as we know it. Wildlife of many kinds live 1n this wilderness, which attracted early Indian hunters, WhO established village strongholds on islands deep in the swamp.
Their hunting ground was doomed when the white man arrived. At first friendly, the Indians finally turned in conflict.
General John Floyd determined to force his way into their stronghold in the swamp. On November 11, 1838, he assembled his dragoons and marched into the swamp with about 250 men, through waist-deep water. With only water courses and islands to guide him, General Floyd at last reached the island, which now bears his name, and where the chief village was located. The enemy had fled and the Okefenokee was conquered. Then he continued across the swamp and emerged on the other side November 15, 1838.
Frontiersmen continued to venture into the swamp, bringing back stories of its marvels. Game was plentiful. Fishing was unexcelled.
In 1889 the Georgia Legislature authorized the sale of this State-owned land to a corporatton for agricultural development. Captain Harry Jackson began work to drain the Okefenokee in 1891. His drainage plan took advantage of the differetJ.ces between levels of the swamp and the st. ,Mary's River, which passes the swamp a few m~les to the east, practically at sea level. The venture failed, because the financial panic of 1892 ruined the corporation. This venture was called "Jackson's Folly." It was fortunate for wildlife that it failed.
In 1908 men with swinging axes, canthooks and log carts started logging operations in the swamp. Trains, powered by donkey engines, carried out the logs. The ralls were supported by piles driven into the firm sand. By 1930 considerable timber had been removed, although many vlrein stands remain, especially in the less accessible parts of the swamp.
Through the years many people have been interested in establishing the area as a game reservation. In 1919 a resolution to acquire the area for this purpose was approved by the Georgia Assembly. Eighteen years later on March 30, 1937, the President of the United States issued an executive order establishing the Okefenokee Wildlife Refuge under supervision of the United States Biological Sur-

~
moo @~IJ:[j[1~@lr{(t[E [10~ ~

::~
WILDLIFE IN THE OKEFENOKEE SWAMP
Nowhere in the entire South can be seen such an unusual display of plants and animals as in the Okefenokee. Visitors catch glimpses of wildlife, which make a trip through the "Land of Trembling Earth" one long to be remembered.
Along boat runs and 1n open lakes, turtles, of which there are six different kinds, bask in the sun on old cypress logs; alligators dive with resounding thwacks of their tails, and occasionally cotton-mouth water moccasins glide off stumps, when boats steal up on them. Visiting fishermen learn that 'gator holes are likely places for large-mouth bass and trout. The lakes and runs are favorite fishing sites for bass, perch, bream, and long-nosed pickerel.
If one is fortunate, a raccoon may be seen. His reflection and many others are mirrored on the surface of the swamp's black waters. Not infrequently a large deer 'rouses with a splash and a flurry fram feeding at the edge of a prairie. Sometimes visitors catch glimpses of black bears or maybe bob-cats.
As the unique Okefenokee type of boat is poled along by a guide, the startled whistle of the "summer duck" is frequently beard. This was a rarity a few years ago. During the winter months, ducks, mostly the largeblack and mallard, fly in long columns over the cypress trees, when disturbed at feeding on the prairies.
The uninitiated visitor is frequently surprised by an unearthly racket, resembling that of a rusty pump, made by reddish-headed whooping Florida cranes. These smoky-gray birds are very large, and their flight over the Okefenokee should be seen, because words fail to describe it. Among other unusual birds in the swamp are swallow-tailed kites, whose flight is noted by downward sweeps and glides, grace and speed. Oft times small grouws of wood ibis, locally known as "Gannets , soar 'round and 'round in widening circles high above the prairies. These large baldheaded birds have white bodies and black-tipped wings. White egrets, nearly extinct twenty years ago, are found here. One hundred forty-seven kinds of b~rds have been seen in the swamp.
The prairies, spread with "never wet", "floating hearts", "malden cane", and "floating batteries", are not duplicated elseVIhere on eartb. Yellow flowers of the "never wet" in early spring, and water lilies in s=er, provide colorful scenes never adequately reproduced by artist or camera. Stately clumps of cypress, draped with Spanish moss, give the impression of a ~lost wo~r~l~d~~'-'----------------------------------------

JILlliFJIE"~ RJEJIFllU~GrJIE

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STATE oPLANNING o BOARD COOI'Eii!.ATING WITH
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THE SUWANEE RIVER DRAINS MOST OF THE SWAMP TO THE GULF OF MEXICO FROM THE EASTERN SECTION IT IS SUSPECTED THAT, IN WET SEASONS, OVERFLOW MAY OCCUR INTO THE HEAD\~ATERS OF SAINT MARYS RIVER, THE FEASIBILITY OF DAMMING THE SUWANEE RIVER SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY INVESTIGATED WITH A VIEW TO REGULATING THE WATER LEVEL IN THE SWAMP, WHICH HAS BEEN KNOWN TO DROP CONSIDERABLV IN DRY SEASONS
THE EXTENT OF THE SWAMP MAY BE ~AID TO BE 660 SQUARE MILES IT WAS THE DEEP ER PART OF "OKEFENOKEE SOUND", A PREHISTORIC PART OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN, BEFORE THE OCEAN RETREATED TO THE PENHOLOWAY TERRACE. THIS ACCOUNT~FOR ITS ORIGINAL WHITE SANDY BOTTOM, WHICH IS OVERLAID WITH SILT, HUMUS AND OTHER ORGANIC MATTER IN WHICH WILDLIFE BASICALLY FIND THEIR LIVELIHOOD
.,.-'THE PERSON~IEL OF TWO CIVIL IAN CONSERV,n ION CORPS CAMPS ARE CONTRIBUTING TO THE IMPROVEMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF THIS AREA. THE CAMP BETWEEN FOLKSTON AND CAMP COR NELIA IS PROVIDING NECESSARY MEANS OF INGRESS TO THE SWAMP BY BUILDING PROPER ROADS TO LANDINGS AND BY CLEANING TliE BOAT RUNS OF TANGLED GROWTH AND MOSS. THE FORESTRY CAMP AT FARGO IS BUILDING ROADS AND PROVIDING FIRE PROTECTION TO THIS SIDE AS PART OF ITS REGULAR WORK THESE IMPROVEMENTS ARE NECESSARY FOR CONSERVATION AND PROTEC TION, AND TO PROVIDE WAYS FOR PERSONNEL OF THE SERVICE TO DO RESEARCH WORK AND PA TROL THE REFUGE PROPERLY. IT IS ALSO A MEANS OF PROVIDING FOR REGULATED INCREASED USE BY THE PUBLIC, TO FISH AND ENJOY THIS PRIMEVAL WILDERNESS. Tl PRESENT MANAGE MENT OF THE REFUGE IS CAPABLE AND IS CAREFULLY CARRYING OUT THE PLANS FOR THE BEST PERMANENT USE OF THIS AREA TO PROVIDE ITS MAXIMUM COMMON BENEFIT, UNDER THE PRES ENT SET ~p APPEARS A MODEL FOR COMBINED CONSERVATION AND RECREATIONAL LAND USE IN GEORGIA OF AN AREA, WHOSE RESOURCES, OTHERWISE PRACTICALLY VALUE LESS, ARE BECONtNG INCREASINGLY VALUABLE
BLACKBEARD ISLAND MIGRATORY BIRD REFUGE THE 8LACKBEARD ISLAND MiGRATORY BIRD REFUGE, CONTAINING 4,659 ACRES WAS ESTAB
::
LISHED AS AN INVIOLATE SANCTUARY BY EXECUTIVE ORDER, DATED FEBRUARY 15, 1924. IT IS LOCATED IN MCINTOSH COUNTY SLIGHTLY TO THE NORTHEAST OF SAPELO ISLAND, GEORGIA, TEN MILES FROM THE MAINLAND AND ABOUT FIFTY MILES BELOW SAVANNAH. IT IS ONE OF THE FEW SPOTS ON THE COAST OF NORTH AMERICA WHERE CONDITIONS TOD!Y ARE PRACTICALLY THE SAME t,S WHEN THE COUtJTRY WAS FIRST SETTLED.
AMONG THE SPECIES OF BIRDS OBSERVED ON THE ISLAND ARE HERRING AND BONAPARTE GULLS, FosTER S TERNS, CORr40RANTS, SEVERAL VARIETIES OF HERONS, RAILS, GALL INULES, COOTS, SANDPIPERS, KILLDEERS, PLOVERS, WILSON'S SNIPE, MALLARDS AND BLACK DUCKS, AS WEL~ AS MANY SPECIES OF INSECTIVOROUS AND OTHER NON-GAME BIRDS. ABOUT 1,400 SEA
44

'-I

FISHI~G IS REALLY GOOD IN THE SWAMP, AND IS PERMITTED IN SEASON, UNDER THE SU P5RVISION OF GUIPES, QU~LIFIED WITH iAND TRAINED BY THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. PiCKEREL, LARGE iMOUTH BLACK BA:SS, SHORT NOSE G4RS, BREAM, f!ERCH AND MANY OTHER KINOS OF FISH FILL THE CREE~ OF EVEN T~E MOST I~EXPERIENC~D ~!SHERMAN.

BIRD LIFE IN COUNTLESS NUMBERS AND SPECIES ENLIVEN THE SWAMP BY THEIR STRANGE CALLS, SOMETIMES ERRATIC FLIGHT, AND MANYCOLORED PLUMAGE,. ABOUT EIGHTY FIVE SPE CIES SUMMER IN THE SWAMP. ADDED TO THESE ARE ABOUT NINETY SPECIES, WHO WINTER HERL ENUMERATION OF THESE SPECIES IS A PART OF THE WORK NOW BEING DONE IN THE SWAMP BY TECHNICIANS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY VISITORS EASILY LEARN TO RECOGNIZE SPECIES OF DUCKS, EAGLES, OSPREY, LIMPKIN. CRANE, IBIS AND OTHERS

GEORGIA BLACK BEARS LEAVE THEIR TRACKS WHEREVER THE BERRIES GROW LARGEST AND

::

MOST PLENTIFUL. DEER, OPOSSUM AND MANY SMALL MAMMALS LIVE IN THE SWAMP AND ON ITS

BORDERS,

ALLIGATORS AND TURTLES FIND THE WATERS OF THE SWAMP SO MUCH TO THEIR LIKING THAT IT SOMETI~'IES SEEM THEY MAY BE TAMED.

PLANT LIFE IN THE SWAMP IS UNUSUAL, SPECIES OF SWEET SMELLING BAY, WHICfl ARE SELDOM FOUND IN LARGE PLANTATIONS ELSEWHERE, PROVIDE DENSE UNDERGROWTH. PINE, MAGNOLIA AND GUM GROW RAPIDLY AND TO GIGANTIC SIZE IN THEIR FAVORITE LOCATiONS.

CYPRESS, HEAVILY FESTOONED WITH SPANISH MOSS, ARE NEARLY EVERYWHERE IN EVI DENCE. VIRGIN STANDS OF THESE TREES, HUNDREDS OF YEARS OLD, REMAIN IN MANY SEC TIONS OF THE SWAMP. THE PRAIRIES ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF THE SWAMP, ARE HUGE VJ,;ER SOAKED PLAINS OF MOSS, FOR WHICH THE SWAMP W,\S NAMED IN THE INDIAN VERNACULAR 0 "TREMBLING EARTH".

ESPECIALLY ON THESE PRAIRIES THE SIGHT OF WATERLILIES, NEVERVJETS AND OTHER
ACQUATIC PLANTS ARE NOT DUPLICATED ELSEWHERE IN THE \'IORLD. HERE IN THE SWAMP, so,
ANISTS AND NATURE LOVERS CAN FIND AN UNLIMITED FIELD FOR WORK AND PLEASURE COM BINED. THROUGHOUT THE SWAMP, AND PERMEATING EVERYTHING THAT COMES FROM IT, IS A SWEET, SPICY AND YET FRESH, CLEAN AROMA, A BLEND OF ITS MINERAL WATERS AND PER FUMED FLORA. THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF DECAY.

THE SWAMP LIES ALMOST ENTIRELY IN GEORGIA, OCCUPYING THE SOUTHERN EXTENSION OF WARE COUNTY, A LARGE PORTION OF CHARLTON COUNTY AND PARTS OF CLINCH AND BRANTLEY COUNTIES.. THE EASTERN BOUNDARY IS DEFINED BY TRAIL RIDGE, \'/HI CH IS THE NORTHERN END OF FLORIDA;S HIGHLAND "BACKBONE". NUMEROUS LAKES AND ISLANDS ARE DOTTED THROUGHOUT THE SWAMP. SECTIONS OF THE SWAMP, WHICH EXTEND UP NUMEROUS CREEKS FLOW lNG INTO THE SWAMP FROM THE WEST, MAKE THIS BOUNDARY IRREGULAr,,

43

'-I

FISHI~G IS REALLY GOOD IN THE SWAMP, AND IS PERMITTED IN SEASON, UNDER THE SU P5RVISION OF GUIPES, QU~LIFIED WITH iAND TRAINED BY THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. PiCKEREL, LARGE iMOUTH BLACK BA:SS, SHORT NOSE G4RS, BREAM, f!ERCH AND MANY OTHER KINOS OF FISH FILL THE CREE~ OF EVEN T~E MOST I~EXPERIENC~D ~!SHERMAN.

BIRD LIFE IN COUNTLESS NUMBERS AND SPECIES ENLIVEN THE SWAMP BY THEIR STRANGE CALLS, SOMETIMES ERRATIC FLIGHT, AND MANYCOLORED PLUMAGE,. ABOUT EIGHTY FIVE SPE CIES SUMMER IN THE SWAMP. ADDED TO THESE ARE ABOUT NINETY SPECIES, WHO WINTER HERL ENUMERATION OF THESE SPECIES IS A PART OF THE WORK NOW BEING DONE IN THE SWAMP BY TECHNICIANS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY VISITORS EASILY LEARN TO RECOGNIZE SPECIES OF DUCKS, EAGLES, OSPREY, LIMPKIN. CRANE, IBIS AND OTHERS

GEORGIA BLACK BEARS LEAVE THEIR TRACKS WHEREVER THE BERRIES GROW LARGEST AND

::

MOST PLENTIFUL. DEER, OPOSSUM AND MANY SMALL MAMMALS LIVE IN THE SWAMP AND ON ITS

BORDERS,

ALLIGATORS AND TURTLES FIND THE WATERS OF THE SWAMP SO MUCH TO THEIR LIKING THAT IT SOMETI~'IES SEEM THEY MAY BE TAMED.

PLANT LIFE IN THE SWAMP IS UNUSUAL, SPECIES OF SWEET SMELLING BAY, WHICfl ARE SELDOM FOUND IN LARGE PLANTATIONS ELSEWHERE, PROVIDE DENSE UNDERGROWTH. PINE, MAGNOLIA AND GUM GROW RAPIDLY AND TO GIGANTIC SIZE IN THEIR FAVORITE LOCATiONS.

CYPRESS, HEAVILY FESTOONED WITH SPANISH MOSS, ARE NEARLY EVERYWHERE IN EVI DENCE. VIRGIN STANDS OF THESE TREES, HUNDREDS OF YEARS OLD, REMAIN IN MANY SEC TIONS OF THE SWAMP. THE PRAIRIES ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF THE SWAMP, ARE HUGE VJ,;ER SOAKED PLAINS OF MOSS, FOR WHICH THE SWAMP W,\S NAMED IN THE INDIAN VERNACULAR 0 "TREMBLING EARTH".

ESPECIALLY ON THESE PRAIRIES THE SIGHT OF WATERLILIES, NEVERVJETS AND OTHER
ACQUATIC PLANTS ARE NOT DUPLICATED ELSEWHERE IN THE \'IORLD. HERE IN THE SWAMP, so,
ANISTS AND NATURE LOVERS CAN FIND AN UNLIMITED FIELD FOR WORK AND PLEASURE COM BINED. THROUGHOUT THE SWAMP, AND PERMEATING EVERYTHING THAT COMES FROM IT, IS A SWEET, SPICY AND YET FRESH, CLEAN AROMA, A BLEND OF ITS MINERAL WATERS AND PER FUMED FLORA. THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF DECAY.

THE SWAMP LIES ALMOST ENTIRELY IN GEORGIA, OCCUPYING THE SOUTHERN EXTENSION OF WARE COUNTY, A LARGE PORTION OF CHARLTON COUNTY AND PARTS OF CLINCH AND BRANTLEY COUNTIES.. THE EASTERN BOUNDARY IS DEFINED BY TRAIL RIDGE, \'/HI CH IS THE NORTHERN END OF FLORIDA;S HIGHLAND "BACKBONE". NUMEROUS LAKES AND ISLANDS ARE DOTTED THROUGHOUT THE SWAMP. SECTIONS OF THE SWAMP, WHICH EXTEND UP NUMEROUS CREEKS FLOW lNG INTO THE SWAMP FROM THE WEST, MAKE THIS BOUNDARY IRREGULAr,,

43

Ot-<E:fENOt-<EE WILD LifE- REfUGE: U.S. BIOLOGICAL SURVC:Y
BOAT LANCING - BILLV'S LAI-<E

SUWANNEE CANAL
.I

MINNIE: LAKE-

Ot-<E:fENOt-<EE WILD LifE- REfUGE: U.S. BIOLOGICAL SURVC:Y
BOAT LANCING - BILLV'S LAI-<E

SUWANNEE CANAL
.I

MINNIE: LAKE-

I

SAYANt-JAH RIVER WI'=D LIFE REFUGE TilE SAVANNAH RIVER WILD LIFE REFUGE, LOCATED IN CHATHAM COUNTY, GEORGIA, AND

JASPER AND GEAUFORT COUNTIES, SOUTH CAROLINA, WAS FIRST ESTABLISHED BY EXECUTIVE

ORDER No. 4626, DATED APRIL 6, 1927, AND COVERED 2,599 ACRES OF LAND. ON NOVEMBER

12, 1931, A SUBSEQUENT EXECUTIVE ORDER WAS ISSUED RE-ESTABLISHING THE REFUGE TO IN

CLUDE A LARGER AREA. THE REFUGE WILL CONTAIN 12,195 ACRES, ALL OF WHICH ARE NOW

UNDER PURCHASE AGREEMENT OR IN THE PROCESS OF CONDEMNATION.

THE REFUGE IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE TO WATERFOWL, PARTICULARLY TO THE WOOD DUCK, WHICH NEST ON THE AREA IN ~REAT NUMBERS. MALLARDS, BLACK DUCK, AND PINTAILS ARE THE MOST COMMON OF THE MIGRANT DUCKS MANY WOODCOCK AND WILSON'S SNIPE ALSO VISIT THE AREA. GALLINULES AND RAILS FIND THE AREA A FAVORITE NESTING GROUND. IN ADDI TION, IT IS ONE OF THE FINEST WILD TURKEY AREt.S IN THE SOUTH. THE REGION IS FAMOUS FOR ITS SEMI-ANNUAL CONCENTRATION OF MANY TYPES OF MIGRATORY BIRDS, SINCE IT LIES
DIRECTLY IN THE PART OF COASTAL MIGRATION. DURING THE WINTER OF 1935 A FLOCK OF
TEN THOUSAND DLUE WINGED TEAL AND A FLOCK OF TEN THOUSAND WOOD DUCKS WERE SEEN ON THE REFUGE AT ONE TIME.

THE U. S. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, IN ITS ADMINISTR/,TION OF THIS REFUGE, IS REGULAT lNG CONDITIONS SO AS TO ENCOURAGE A LARGE GROWTH OF WATERFOWL FOOD, AND IS BUILDING EARTHEN DIKES IN ORDER TO CREATE PERMANENT POOLS OF WATER TlmOUGHOU~ THE TRACT. A CIViLIAN CONSERVATION CORPS CAMP HAS BEEN MAINTAINED ON THE AREA SINCE OCTOBER 1935 AND HAS DONE MUCH TO MAKE IT 1-lORE ATTRACTIVE TO WILDLIFE, HEADQUARTERS BUILDINGS AND LOOKOUT TOWERS HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED, AND LABOR1\TOR i ES HAVE BEEN PROVIDED WHEF~E STUDENTS OF THE NATURAL SCIENCES MAY CONDUCT THEIR STUDIES UNDER FAVORABLE CONDITIONS.

THE SAVANNAH RIVER REFUGE IS ONE OF THE t10ST PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE OF TilE BIRD REFUGE ADMINISTERED BY THE GIOLOGICAL SURVEY. PASSING TOURISTS ARE ABLE TO SEE THE BIRDS FEEDING IN THE MARSHES OR FLYING OVER THE SANCTUARY. THE REFUGE HAS BEEN POSTED WITH SIGNS ADVISING THE PUBLIC OF ITS CHARACTER, AS A FEDERAL BIRD REFUGE, \'/HERE THE BIRDS ARE PROTECTED ,\T ALL TIMES.

APPALACHIAN TRAIL
THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL TRAVERSES THE SUMI-11T OF MOUNTAIN RANGES FROM MT. KAHTA
DIN, IN MAINE, FOR 2,043,47 MILES TO ML OGLETHORPE, IN PICKENS CoUNTY, GEORG IA.
THIS TRAIL HAS BEEN DEFINED IN THE CoNSTITUTION OF THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL CON FERENCE AS FOLLOWS:

46

TURTLES USED THE BEACH OF THIS REFUGE FOR NESTING PURPOSES IN 1936. WITH THE EX
CEPTION OF THE WHITETAILED DEER, MAMALS ARE SCARCE.
ON THE OCEAN SIDE IS A STRETCH OF BEACH NINE MILES LONG, WHERE SHORE BIRDS IN VERY GREAT NUMBERS CAN FIND FOOD AND SHELTER; ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE IS A FLAT MARSH COVERING A CONSIDERABLE AREA WHERE SUCH SPECIES AS HERONS AND RAILS CAN LIVE UNMO LESTED THE ISLAND HAS A FINE GROWTH OF LARGE LIVE OAKS AND VIRGIN SLASH PINE COV ERING TWOTHIRDS OF TliE TOTAL ACREAGE. TANGLED THICKETS OF SCRUB PALMETTO AND MYR TLE BUSHES OFFER INDUCEMENTS TO CERTAIN SPECIES OF BIRDS THE REMAINDER OF THE IS LAND IS OPEN FRESH WATER MARSH WHERE DUCKS AND OTHER MARSH LOViNG SPECIES CAN FIND NATURAL FOOD AND COVER.
DURING THE LAST TWO YEARS MANY IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN ON THE REF UGE, INCLUDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HEADQUARTERS BUILDING, A GARAGE, A PUMP HOUSE, AND A TOOL SHOP; THE BUILDING OF A FOUR FOOT TR1\ I L FROM ONE EIJD OF THE ISLAND TO THE OTHER; THE ERECTION OF A STEEL OBSERVATION TOWER; THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TELE PHONE CONNECTION WITH THE MAINLAND; THE DRILLING OF FOUR WELLS, FROM WHICH FRESH WATER PONDS HAVE BEEN PRODUCED.
SINCE THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY HAS UNDERTAKEN ITS FRESH WATER DEVELOPMENT PRO GRAM ON THE REFUGE, THERE I~S BEEN A MARKED INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF WILDLIFE FREQUENT IIJG THE AREA.,
'i1.9LF ISLAND WILD LIFE REFUGE THE WOLF ISLAND WILD LIFE REFUGE, AN OLD LIGHTHOUSE RESERVATION OF 575 ACRES,
IN Me INTOSH COUNTY, IS SITUATED OFF THE COAST OF GEORG IA, BETWEEN DOBOY SoUtJD /"o':l
ALTAMAHA SOUND. IT WAS SET ASIDE AS A WILDLIFE REFUGE BY EXECUTIVE ORDER, APRIL
3, 1930, SUBJECT TO ITS PRIMARY USE FOR LIGHTHOUSE PURPOSES.
A SURPRISING NUMBER OF WATERFOWL CONCENTRATE ON THIS ISOLATED AREA DURING THE SPRING AND FALL MIGRATIONS, INCLUDING MANY LESSER SCAUPS, MERGANSERS, MALLARDS, AND EVEN A FEW CANVAS BACKS. A LARGE NUMBER OF SHORE BIRDS OF VARIOUS SPECIES ARE PROTECTED ON THE REFUGE, NOTABLY WILLETS, OYSTER CATCHERS, DOWITCHERS AND SAN DERLINGS; ALSO A GOOD NUMBER OF TERNS, GULLS, AND CORMORANTS. MOURNING DOVES, TOO, ARE ATTRACTED TO THE DUNES.
BECAUSE OF THE ISOLATION OF THIS SMALL REFUGE, ITS USEFULNESS TO WILDLIFE IS OUTSTANDING.
45

TURTLES USED THE BEACH OF THIS REFUGE FOR NESTING PURPOSES IN 1936. WITH THE EX
CEPTION OF THE WHITETAILED DEER, MAMALS ARE SCARCE.
ON THE OCEAN SIDE IS A STRETCH OF BEACH NINE MILES LONG, WHERE SHORE BIRDS IN VERY GREAT NUMBERS CAN FIND FOOD AND SHELTER; ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE IS A FLAT MARSH COVERING A CONSIDERABLE AREA WHERE SUCH SPECIES AS HERONS AND RAILS CAN LIVE UNMO LESTED THE ISLAND HAS A FINE GROWTH OF LARGE LIVE OAKS AND VIRGIN SLASH PINE COV ERING TWOTHIRDS OF TliE TOTAL ACREAGE. TANGLED THICKETS OF SCRUB PALMETTO AND MYR TLE BUSHES OFFER INDUCEMENTS TO CERTAIN SPECIES OF BIRDS THE REMAINDER OF THE IS LAND IS OPEN FRESH WATER MARSH WHERE DUCKS AND OTHER MARSH LOViNG SPECIES CAN FIND NATURAL FOOD AND COVER.
DURING THE LAST TWO YEARS MANY IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN ON THE REF UGE, INCLUDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HEADQUARTERS BUILDING, A GARAGE, A PUMP HOUSE, AND A TOOL SHOP; THE BUILDING OF A FOUR FOOT TR1\ I L FROM ONE EIJD OF THE ISLAND TO THE OTHER; THE ERECTION OF A STEEL OBSERVATION TOWER; THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TELE PHONE CONNECTION WITH THE MAINLAND; THE DRILLING OF FOUR WELLS, FROM WHICH FRESH WATER PONDS HAVE BEEN PRODUCED.
SINCE THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY HAS UNDERTAKEN ITS FRESH WATER DEVELOPMENT PRO GRAM ON THE REFUGE, THERE I~S BEEN A MARKED INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF WILDLIFE FREQUENT IIJG THE AREA.,
'i1.9LF ISLAND WILD LIFE REFUGE THE WOLF ISLAND WILD LIFE REFUGE, AN OLD LIGHTHOUSE RESERVATION OF 575 ACRES,
IN Me INTOSH COUNTY, IS SITUATED OFF THE COAST OF GEORG IA, BETWEEN DOBOY SoUtJD /"o':l
ALTAMAHA SOUND. IT WAS SET ASIDE AS A WILDLIFE REFUGE BY EXECUTIVE ORDER, APRIL
3, 1930, SUBJECT TO ITS PRIMARY USE FOR LIGHTHOUSE PURPOSES.
A SURPRISING NUMBER OF WATERFOWL CONCENTRATE ON THIS ISOLATED AREA DURING THE SPRING AND FALL MIGRATIONS, INCLUDING MANY LESSER SCAUPS, MERGANSERS, MALLARDS, AND EVEN A FEW CANVAS BACKS. A LARGE NUMBER OF SHORE BIRDS OF VARIOUS SPECIES ARE PROTECTED ON THE REFUGE, NOTABLY WILLETS, OYSTER CATCHERS, DOWITCHERS AND SAN DERLINGS; ALSO A GOOD NUMBER OF TERNS, GULLS, AND CORMORANTS. MOURNING DOVES, TOO, ARE ATTRACTED TO THE DUNES.
BECAUSE OF THE ISOLATION OF THIS SMALL REFUGE, ITS USEFULNESS TO WILDLIFE IS OUTSTANDING.
45

I..
~
C HAP T E R F I V E
O-
REC RE AT I 0 NAL ARE A P L AN
PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS
THE PRINCIPLE THAT EVERY CITIZEN SHOULD BE PROVIDED FOR HAS BEEN ACCEPTED AS FUNDAMENTAL TO A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN. THIS NECESSITATES TWO AREA SYSTEMS, ONE FOR WHITE PEOPLE AND ONE FOR NEGROES.
IT IS ALSO NECESSARY THAT THE LOCATION OF AREAS DE FAIRLY NEAR TO WHERE PEOPLE LIVE, IF THE LOW INCOME GROUPS ARE TO BE SERVED, AS IT IS SELFEVIDENT THAT THE EC ONOMIC STATUS OF SUCH GROUPS PREVENTS THEIR TRAVELING VERY FAR IN SEARCH OF RECREA TION.
IN SELECTING AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT BY THE STATE, THE POLICY HAS BEEN ACCEPTED THAT THE STATE SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANDS WHICH, BECAUSE OF THEIR OUTSTANDING SCENIC, WILDERNESS, HISTORIC, AND/OR RECREATIONAL-EDUCATIONAL VAL UES, SHOULD BE CONSERVED FOR POSTERITY; AS WELL AS THOSE AREAS WHICH, BECAUSE OF THEIR EXCEPTIONAL RESOURCES FOR ACTIVE RECREATION, ARE OF STATE OR SECTIONAL SIGNIF ICANCE.
SiNCE IT IS CLEARLY IMPOSSIBLE FOR THE STATE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE AREAS AND FA \
CILITIES TO MEET THE ENTIRE NEEDS FOR THE TYPES OF RECREATION UNDER CONSIDERATION, ATTENTION MUST BE GIVEN TO THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES FOR PROVIDING PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS.
IN RECOMMENDING AREAS FOR ACQUISITION BY MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES, THE POL ICY HAS BEEN ACCEPTED THAT LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD ASSUME THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROVIDING ITS CITIZENS WITH OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE MORE INTENSIVE TYPES OF ACTIVITIES, IN WHICH DAILY PARTICIPATION IS DESIRED AND NEEDED.

..:.,
"THIS IS TO BE A CONNECTED TRAIL, RUNNING AS FAR AS PRACTICABLE OVER THE SUMMITS OF THE MOUNTAINS AND THROUGH THE WILD LANDS OF THE ATLANTIC SEABOARD AND ADJOINING STATES, FROM MAINE TO GEOR GIA, TO BE SUPPLEMENTED BY A SYSTEM OF PRIMITIVE CAMPS AT PROPER INTERVALS, SO AS TO RENDER ACCESSIBLE FOR TRAMPING, CAMPING, AND OTHER FORMS OF PRIMITIVE TRAVEL AND LIVING, THE SAID MOUNTAINS AND WILD LANDS, AND AS A MEANS FOR CONSERVING AND DEVELOPING WITHIN THIS REGION, THE PRIMEVAL ENVIRONMENT AS A NATURAL RE SOURCE."
THE UNIQUENESS OF THIS TRAIL LIES IN ITS MAGNITUDE - THE LONGEST MARKED FOOT TRAIL IN THE WORLD. THIS PROJECT WAS FIRST PROPOSED IN 1921, AND THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL CONFERENCE WAS FORMED IN 1925. THE TRAIL WAS BUILT, MARKED, AND IS BEING MAINTAINED BY VARIOUS PUBLIC AGENCIES AND BY TRAIL CLUBS AFFILIATED WITH THE CONFEnENCE, THE ENTIRE TRAIL BEitJG DIVIDED INTO THIRTY-EIGHT SECTIONS WITH A DIFFER ENT GROUP RESPONSIBLE FOR EACH SECTION.
THE GEORGIA APPALACHIAN TRAIL CLUB HAS BEEN VERY ACTIVE IN CREATING INTEREST IN THE SECTION OF 99.5 MILES LOCATED IN THIS STATE. THEY ERECTED THEIR FIRST SHEL TER NEAR AMICALOLA FALLS, ONE OF THE HIGHEST IN THE EAST, AND TWO MILES EAST OF THE EXTENSIVE DEVELOPMENT KNOWN AS THE TATE MOUNTAIN ESTA~ES
THE EXISTENCE OF THIS TRAIL IN GEORGIA HAS CREATED A GOOD DEAL OF INTEREST IN liiKING, AND A NUMBER OF HIKING CLUBS AND Sco~T TROOPS HAVE CENTERED THEIR SUMMER PROGRAMS AROUND A SUMMER CAMP OR HIKE ON THIS WIDELY KNOWN TRAIL.
ALL PRIVATE LANDOWNERS AND PUBLIC AGENCIES IN THE TERRITORY THROUGH WHICH TH1S TRAIL PASSES SHOULD COOPERATE WITH THE GEORGIA APPALACHIAN TRAIL CLUB IN THE MAIN TENANCE AND PROTECTION OF THE TRAIL AND IN THE ERECTION OF TRAIL SHELTERS WHICH WILL ENABLE MORE GROUPS TO MAKE USE OF IT.
47

..:.,
"THIS IS TO BE A CONNECTED TRAIL, RUNNING AS FAR AS PRACTICABLE OVER THE SUMMITS OF THE MOUNTAINS AND THROUGH THE WILD LANDS OF THE ATLANTIC SEABOARD AND ADJOINING STATES, FROM MAINE TO GEOR GIA, TO BE SUPPLEMENTED BY A SYSTEM OF PRIMITIVE CAMPS AT PROPER INTERVALS, SO AS TO RENDER ACCESSIBLE FOR TRAMPING, CAMPING, AND OTHER FORMS OF PRIMITIVE TRAVEL AND LIVING, THE SAID MOUNTAINS AND WILD LANDS, AND AS A MEANS FOR CONSERVING AND DEVELOPING WITHIN THIS REGION, THE PRIMEVAL ENVIRONMENT AS A NATURAL RE SOURCE."
THE UNIQUENESS OF THIS TRAIL LIES IN ITS MAGNITUDE - THE LONGEST MARKED FOOT TRAIL IN THE WORLD. THIS PROJECT WAS FIRST PROPOSED IN 1921, AND THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL CONFERENCE WAS FORMED IN 1925. THE TRAIL WAS BUILT, MARKED, AND IS BEING MAINTAINED BY VARIOUS PUBLIC AGENCIES AND BY TRAIL CLUBS AFFILIATED WITH THE CONFEnENCE, THE ENTIRE TRAIL BEitJG DIVIDED INTO THIRTY-EIGHT SECTIONS WITH A DIFFER ENT GROUP RESPONSIBLE FOR EACH SECTION.
THE GEORGIA APPALACHIAN TRAIL CLUB HAS BEEN VERY ACTIVE IN CREATING INTEREST IN THE SECTION OF 99.5 MILES LOCATED IN THIS STATE. THEY ERECTED THEIR FIRST SHEL TER NEAR AMICALOLA FALLS, ONE OF THE HIGHEST IN THE EAST, AND TWO MILES EAST OF THE EXTENSIVE DEVELOPMENT KNOWN AS THE TATE MOUNTAIN ESTA~ES
THE EXISTENCE OF THIS TRAIL IN GEORGIA HAS CREATED A GOOD DEAL OF INTEREST IN liiKING, AND A NUMBER OF HIKING CLUBS AND Sco~T TROOPS HAVE CENTERED THEIR SUMMER PROGRAMS AROUND A SUMMER CAMP OR HIKE ON THIS WIDELY KNOWN TRAIL.
ALL PRIVATE LANDOWNERS AND PUBLIC AGENCIES IN THE TERRITORY THROUGH WHICH TH1S TRAIL PASSES SHOULD COOPERATE WITH THE GEORGIA APPALACHIAN TRAIL CLUB IN THE MAIN TENANCE AND PROTECTION OF THE TRAIL AND IN THE ERECTION OF TRAIL SHELTERS WHICH WILL ENABLE MORE GROUPS TO MAKE USE OF IT.
47

I

PRIOR ITV IN THE ACQUISITION OF RECREATl ONA( LANDS' TO MEET SPC IF IC NITOS,' SHOULD BE IN THE VICINITY OF THE LARGER CITIES.

5, THAT THE HIGHLANDS AND COASTAL SECTIONS OF THE STATE HAVE GREAT POTENTIAL TOURIST USE AND THAT THESE NATURAL RECREATIONAL RESOURCES SHOULD BE GIVEN MORE CAREFUL STUDY, IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED AGENCIES, BEFORE SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MADE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST ACCOMMODATIONS.

6. THAT IN THE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREAS AND FACILITIES, PRIORITY SHOULD GO TO THOSE FACILITIES WHICH MEET MASS NEEDS AND WHICH COST VERY LITTLE TO DEVELOP, OPERATE AND MAINTAIN.

THUS, THE STATE SHOULD FIRST SEEK TO MEET THE NEED FOR SWIMMING, PICNICKING, AND SOCIALIZED MASS ACTIVITIES. ON THIS OASIS, THE PRIORITY LIST SHOULD BE AS FOLLOWS:

1. SWI MM ING LAKE OR POOL AND BATHHOUSE, BATHHOUSE AND BOATS, WHERE BOAT

lNG IS POSSIBLE. PICNICKING - ORGANIZED AND UNORGANIZED PLAYFIELDS GROUND ON EACH AREA FOR SPORTS AND GAMES.

OPEN PLOTS OR LEVEL

2. CUL TURAL~EDUCAT IONAL - NATURE TRAILS, MUSEUMS, AMPHITHEATER TYPES OF GATH ERING PLACES FOR MUSIC FESTIVALS, PAGEANTS, ETC.

3. CAMPING - ORGANIZED (YOUTH AND FAMILY) AND UNORGANIZED FAMILY CAMPS.

THE PLAN

THE PROGRAM RECOMMENDED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES INCLUDES THE POL

.,

ICY OF ESTABLISHING A NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION IN EACH COUNTY IN THE STATE. SOME

~

_:

AREAS OF THIS TYPE HAVE ALREADY BEEN ACQUIRED BY GIFT FROM SEVERAL COUNTIES. IT IS

PROPOSED THAT EACH OF THESE RESERVATIONS CONTAIN 1,000 ACRES OR MORE, AND TO BE USED

FOR THE FOLLOWING PURPOSES!

1. FORESTRY DEMONSTRATION PLOTS
2. WILDLIFE WD GAt.1E PRESERVES. THE OBJECT BEING TO RE-STOCK ADJACENT TERRITORY.
3. RECREATION AREAS WHICH WILL PROVIDE PICNICKING, HIKING, SWIMMING AND SIMILAR FACILITIES FOR
DAV-USE ACTIVITIES~-

50 '. ,.

IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT STATE PARKS WILL HANDLE SOME OF THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE LIVING wrTHIN A DAYUSE RADIUS OF EACH AREA, AND THAT RECREATIO~AL AREAS, UNDER THE JURI SD ICT ION OF MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES, WILL CARE FOR THE HOLIDAY Af-JD WEEK END NEEDS OF A LARGE PORTION OF THEIR CITIZENS, PARTICULARLY THOSE WHO LIVE SO~E DIS TANCE FROM STATE AREAS.

IT IS THIS FUNDAMENTAL OVERLAPPING, WHICH MAKES NECESSARY JOINT STUDY AND PLAN NING, IF EFFICIENCY IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF A STATE AND LOCAL RECREA TIONAL AREA PROGRAM IS TO BE ATTAINED.

CERTAIN GENERAL PRINCIPLES HAVE BEEN ACCEPTED AS FUNDAMENTAL TO SOUND PLANNING. WHICH MAY BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS:

1. THAT AN AREA MUST BE OF SUFFICIENT SIZE TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THOSE ACTIVITIES WHICH FIND THEIR OEST EXPRESSION IN PRIMITIVE SETTINGS; BUT ITS TOPOGRAPHY, COVER, AND NATURAL RESOURCES WILL HAVE A DEFINITE BEARING ON THE SIZE IT MUST BE IN ORDER TO SERVE THE PURPOSE ALLOCATED TO IT"

THUS, IN ONE SECT ION OF THE ST ,\ TE, AN AREA MIGI-lT NEED TO BE 2 ,. 000 ACRES IN EXTENT TO MEET THE ABOVE REQUIREMENTS, WHILE IN ANOTHER SECT I ON OF Tl IE STATE,A SMALLER AREA MAY BE SUFFICIENT TO MEET A DEMAND EQUALLY AS GREAT

2. THAT IF THE STATE IS TO DO A REASONABLE JOB OF MEETING ITS RESPONSIBILITY TOWARD HUMAN NEEDS FOR EXTENSIVE OUTDOOR RECREATION, THE ACQUISITION AND DE VELOPMENT PROGRAM SHOULD BE SO PLANNED:

FlnST: CONSERVE FOR POSTERITY OUTSTANDING AREAS NOT ALREADY IN PUBLIC OWN ERSHIP.

SECOND: MEET Tl~ HOLIDAY AND WEEK-END NEEDS, AND SO FAR AS POSSIBLE, DAY

USE NEEDS OF THE MORE HEAVILY CONGESTED CENTERS OF POPULATION, BEFORE AT

TEMPTING TO ESTABLISH AREAS TO SERVE THE MORE THINLY POPULATED SECTIONS OF

THE STATE.

I

--<-..

3. THAT HIE SELECTION OF AREAS TO SERVE ACTIVE RECREATIONAL PURPOSES SHOULD

DE BASED ON ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS.

4. THAT THE UROAN DWELLERS, DUE TO THE CONGESTED AND UNNATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THEY LIVE, HAVE THE GREATEST NEED FOR NATURAL PARK AND RECREATIONAL AREAS; THAT CONSEQUENTLY THE STATE, IN COOPERATION WITH THE LOCAL AGENCIES CliiEFLY CONCERNED, SHOULD SEEK TO MAKE SUCH OPPORTUNITIES REASONABLY AVAIL ABLE TO THEM; THAT THE LARGER THE URBAN CENTER, THE GREATER ITS NEED; AND THAT

49

IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT STATE PARKS WILL HANDLE SOME OF THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE LIVING wrTHIN A DAYUSE RADIUS OF EACH AREA, AND THAT RECREATIO~AL AREAS, UNDER THE JURI SD ICT ION OF MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES, WILL CARE FOR THE HOLIDAY Af-JD WEEK END NEEDS OF A LARGE PORTION OF THEIR CITIZENS, PARTICULARLY THOSE WHO LIVE SO~E DIS TANCE FROM STATE AREAS.

IT IS THIS FUNDAMENTAL OVERLAPPING, WHICH MAKES NECESSARY JOINT STUDY AND PLAN NING, IF EFFICIENCY IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF A STATE AND LOCAL RECREA TIONAL AREA PROGRAM IS TO BE ATTAINED.

CERTAIN GENERAL PRINCIPLES HAVE BEEN ACCEPTED AS FUNDAMENTAL TO SOUND PLANNING. WHICH MAY BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS:

1. THAT AN AREA MUST BE OF SUFFICIENT SIZE TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THOSE ACTIVITIES WHICH FIND THEIR OEST EXPRESSION IN PRIMITIVE SETTINGS; BUT ITS TOPOGRAPHY, COVER, AND NATURAL RESOURCES WILL HAVE A DEFINITE BEARING ON THE SIZE IT MUST BE IN ORDER TO SERVE THE PURPOSE ALLOCATED TO IT"

THUS, IN ONE SECT ION OF THE ST ,\ TE, AN AREA MIGI-lT NEED TO BE 2 ,. 000 ACRES IN EXTENT TO MEET THE ABOVE REQUIREMENTS, WHILE IN ANOTHER SECT I ON OF Tl IE STATE,A SMALLER AREA MAY BE SUFFICIENT TO MEET A DEMAND EQUALLY AS GREAT

2. THAT IF THE STATE IS TO DO A REASONABLE JOB OF MEETING ITS RESPONSIBILITY TOWARD HUMAN NEEDS FOR EXTENSIVE OUTDOOR RECREATION, THE ACQUISITION AND DE VELOPMENT PROGRAM SHOULD BE SO PLANNED:

FlnST: CONSERVE FOR POSTERITY OUTSTANDING AREAS NOT ALREADY IN PUBLIC OWN ERSHIP.

SECOND: MEET Tl~ HOLIDAY AND WEEK-END NEEDS, AND SO FAR AS POSSIBLE, DAY

USE NEEDS OF THE MORE HEAVILY CONGESTED CENTERS OF POPULATION, BEFORE AT

TEMPTING TO ESTABLISH AREAS TO SERVE THE MORE THINLY POPULATED SECTIONS OF

THE STATE.

I

--<-..

3. THAT HIE SELECTION OF AREAS TO SERVE ACTIVE RECREATIONAL PURPOSES SHOULD

DE BASED ON ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS.

4. THAT THE UROAN DWELLERS, DUE TO THE CONGESTED AND UNNATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THEY LIVE, HAVE THE GREATEST NEED FOR NATURAL PARK AND RECREATIONAL AREAS; THAT CONSEQUENTLY THE STATE, IN COOPERATION WITH THE LOCAL AGENCIES CliiEFLY CONCERNED, SHOULD SEEK TO MAKE SUCH OPPORTUNITIES REASONABLY AVAIL ABLE TO THEM; THAT THE LARGER THE URBAN CENTER, THE GREATER ITS NEED; AND THAT

49

WHEN AREAS ARE CONVENIENTLY LOCATED, A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT SHOULD BE AR RANGED WITH COUNTY SCHOOL AUTHORITIES FOR A SECTION OF THE AREAS TO BE SET ASIDE AND DEVELOPED AS CHILDRENS PLAYGROUNDS. EvERY EFFORT SHOULD BE MADE TO PROVIDE FACILITIES WHICH CAN BE USED BY COUNTY SCHOOLS, BOTH FROM A RECREATIONAL AND EDUCA TIONAL STANDPOINT.
WHERE SPECIFIC RECREATIONAL PROBLEMS EXIST, THE STATE PARKS DIRECTOR SHOULD CONTACT LOCAL AUTHORITIES, WHO WILL ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACQUISITION OF AREAS TO MEET THE PROBLEMS, AND WHO ARE WILLING TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE AREA AFTER ITS DEVELOPMENT BY THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS As A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE, WE CITE THE NEED FOR RECREATIONAL AREAS IN AND NEAR THE CITY OF ATLANTA THIS NEED IS PRIMARILY LOCAL AND COULD BEST BE MET THROUGH
THE COOPERATION OF FULTON AND DEKALB COUNTIES AND THE CITY OF ATLANTA, WITH THE 01
VISION OF STATE PARKS. WHEN SUITABLE LAND HAS BEEN ACQUIRED, DEEDED TO THE STATE AND ACCEPTED, IT SHOULD BE DEVELOPED BY THE DIVISION AND THEN TURNED OVER TO A DULY APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.
t / ~TA TE_E~B.!S.~ AN AREA PROPOSED AS A STATE PARK SHOULD BE DEVELOPED PRIMARILY FOR VACATION
PURPOSES, BUT SHOULD ALSO INCLUDE AMPLE FACILITIES TO MEET THE DAY-USE NEEDS OF THE SECTION IN WHICH IT IS LOCATED. IT SHOULD BE SELECTED BECAUSE OF ITS OUTSTAND lNG SCENIC, SCIENTIFIC OR EDUCATIONAL RECREATIONAl VALUE. STATE PARKS SHOULD BE DISTRIBUTED OVER THE PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGION OF THE STATE; AS FOR EXAMPLE, ONE OR TWO IN THE MOUNTAINS, ONE OR TWO IN TIE PIEDMONT SECTION, ONE OR TWO ON THE COASTAL PLAINS, AND AT LEAST ONE AT THE SEASHORE.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF STATE PARKS IN THESE SECTIONS SHOULD MEET THE VACATION NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA AND WILL ALSO BE AVAILABLE TO THE LARGE INFLUX OF TOURISTS AND OUT OF STATE VISITORS, WHO ARE BEING ATTRACTED HERE IN STEADILY INCREASING NUMBERS
OF THE EXISTING AREAS NOW UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, oNLY VoGEL, PINE MouNTAIN AND FoRT MouNTAIN STATE PARKS ARE OF STATE PARK CALIBRE. THE OTHER AREAS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS "STATE RECREATION AREAS" AND AN EFFORT BE MADE TO EVENTUALLY TURN THESE OVER TO LOCAL COMt-11 TTEES AlONG THE LINES RECOMMENDED FOR NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS
STATE PARKS, AS SUCH, ARE CONCEIVED, UNDER THIS PLAN, TO BE VACATION TYPE REC REATION AREAS LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE STATE IN THE PRINCIPAL PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS.
52

THIS PLAN DEALS PRINCIPALLY WITH THAT SECTION OF A NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION,

I

WHICH WILL BE DEVELOPED AS A RECREATIONAL AREA AND 'tilTH ITS RELATION TO THE STATE

..:

PARK SYSTEM

IN SELECTING AN AREA, CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE POSSIBILITY OF AC QUIRING ADJOINING LAND IN TWO OR MORE COUNTIES, SO THAT THE AREA WILL CONTAIN THE MAXIMUM ACREAGE AND WILL PROVIDE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR TWO OR MORE COUNTIES IN ONE PLACE, THEREBY REDUCING THE COST OF DEVELOPMENT, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. WHILE THE DEPARTMENT OF NATUR,\L RESOURCES AT TI~E PRESENT TI~IE HAS THE REQUIREMENT OF A MIN IMUM OF 1,,000 ACRES MORE CONS I DE RAT ION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE CHARACTER OF THE AREA, WITH EMPHASIS BEING PLACED ON THE TERRAIN AND TYPE OF COVER. ONLY A WELL WATERED AREA SHOULD BE ACCEPTED BECAUSE THE VALUE OF SUCH AN AREA FOR RECREATION AND CONSERVATION PURPOSES IS, TO A LARGE EXTENT, DEPENDENT UPON THE AMOUNT OF SUITABLE WATER AVAILABLE.

UPON THE ACQUISITION OF A NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION BY THE DEPARTMENT, THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, S~IOULD CONDUCT A STUDY OF THE AREA AND SHOULD ASCEHTAIN FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WHAT PORTION SHOULD BE DEVELOPED FOR RECRE ATION, AND SHOULD PREPARE ADEQUATE PLANS FOR SUCH DEVELOPMENT. THE RESPONSIBIL.TY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS AREA SHOULD BE BORNE BY THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, BUT THE AREA SHOULD NOT BE DEVELOPED UNTIL AND UNLESS THE DIRECTOR OF STATE PARKS ENTERS INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE LOCAL COMMITTEE, WI~ICH WILL GUARANTEE THE CONTIN UED OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE AREA. AREAS OF THIS TYPE SHOULD BE DEVELOPED FOR DAY USE ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING FACILITIES FOR SWIMMING, PICNICKING, HIKING NA TURE STUDY, AND, IF POSSIBLE, BOATING AND FISHING.

UNS[R THE EXISTING LAW, THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS IS EMPOWERED 11 TO CONTRAC, AND MAKE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH*** ASSOCI.ATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS, WITH PROPER BOND WHERE DEEt.1ED ADVISABLE, TO PROTECT *** PRESERVE *** MAINTAIN *** OR OPERATE ANY*** GROUND, RESERVATIONS, BUILDING, OBJECT OR OTHER PROPERTY FOR PUBLIC USE ***" THE STATE PARKS DIRECTOR, UNDER THIS CLAUSE OF THE LAW, SHALL APPOINT LOCAL COMMITTEES, CONSISTING OF COUNTY OFFICIALS, MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS, AND OUTSTANDING CITIZENS, WHO WILL, AS A GROUP, ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PROPER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THESE AREAS IN KEEPING WITH THE STANDARDS OF THE STATE PARKS 01
VIS ION. THE LOCAL COt4M ITTEES SHOULD INCLUDE AS AN EX OFFICI 0 tIEMBER, THE 0 I RECTOR
OF STATE PARKS, WHO WILL SEE THAT THE STANDARDS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ARE AD HERED TO.

51

THIS PLAN DEALS PRINCIPALLY WITH THAT SECTION OF A NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION,

I

WHICH WILL BE DEVELOPED AS A RECREATIONAL AREA AND 'tilTH ITS RELATION TO THE STATE

..:

PARK SYSTEM

IN SELECTING AN AREA, CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE POSSIBILITY OF AC QUIRING ADJOINING LAND IN TWO OR MORE COUNTIES, SO THAT THE AREA WILL CONTAIN THE MAXIMUM ACREAGE AND WILL PROVIDE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR TWO OR MORE COUNTIES IN ONE PLACE, THEREBY REDUCING THE COST OF DEVELOPMENT, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. WHILE THE DEPARTMENT OF NATUR,\L RESOURCES AT TI~E PRESENT TI~IE HAS THE REQUIREMENT OF A MIN IMUM OF 1,,000 ACRES MORE CONS I DE RAT ION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE CHARACTER OF THE AREA, WITH EMPHASIS BEING PLACED ON THE TERRAIN AND TYPE OF COVER. ONLY A WELL WATERED AREA SHOULD BE ACCEPTED BECAUSE THE VALUE OF SUCH AN AREA FOR RECREATION AND CONSERVATION PURPOSES IS, TO A LARGE EXTENT, DEPENDENT UPON THE AMOUNT OF SUITABLE WATER AVAILABLE.

UPON THE ACQUISITION OF A NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION BY THE DEPARTMENT, THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, S~IOULD CONDUCT A STUDY OF THE AREA AND SHOULD ASCEHTAIN FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WHAT PORTION SHOULD BE DEVELOPED FOR RECRE ATION, AND SHOULD PREPARE ADEQUATE PLANS FOR SUCH DEVELOPMENT. THE RESPONSIBIL.TY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS AREA SHOULD BE BORNE BY THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, BUT THE AREA SHOULD NOT BE DEVELOPED UNTIL AND UNLESS THE DIRECTOR OF STATE PARKS ENTERS INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE LOCAL COMMITTEE, WI~ICH WILL GUARANTEE THE CONTIN UED OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE AREA. AREAS OF THIS TYPE SHOULD BE DEVELOPED FOR DAY USE ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING FACILITIES FOR SWIMMING, PICNICKING, HIKING NA TURE STUDY, AND, IF POSSIBLE, BOATING AND FISHING.

UNS[R THE EXISTING LAW, THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS IS EMPOWERED 11 TO CONTRAC, AND MAKE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH*** ASSOCI.ATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS, WITH PROPER BOND WHERE DEEt.1ED ADVISABLE, TO PROTECT *** PRESERVE *** MAINTAIN *** OR OPERATE ANY*** GROUND, RESERVATIONS, BUILDING, OBJECT OR OTHER PROPERTY FOR PUBLIC USE ***" THE STATE PARKS DIRECTOR, UNDER THIS CLAUSE OF THE LAW, SHALL APPOINT LOCAL COMMITTEES, CONSISTING OF COUNTY OFFICIALS, MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS, AND OUTSTANDING CITIZENS, WHO WILL, AS A GROUP, ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PROPER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THESE AREAS IN KEEPING WITH THE STANDARDS OF THE STATE PARKS 01
VIS ION. THE LOCAL COt4M ITTEES SHOULD INCLUDE AS AN EX OFFICI 0 tIEMBER, THE 0 I RECTOR
OF STATE PARKS, WHO WILL SEE THAT THE STANDARDS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ARE AD HERED TO.

51

7 THAT A PROGRAM OF INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY BE PLANNED AND CONDUCTED TO AC~UAINT AND ATTR~CT TOURISTS WITH THE SCENIC, RECREATIONAL, HISTORICAL, ARCH AEOLOGICAL, AND SCIENTIFIC POINTS AND PLACES WITHIN TtE STATE.
8 THAT THE DIVISION SHOULD COOPERATE WITH THE STATE HtGifflAY DEPARTMENT IN
THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF WAYS I DE PARKS._.
9 THAT THE STATE BE AUTHORIZED TO SET UP A "STATE PARK FUND" IN WHICH ALL MONEYS RECEIVED BY GIFT ARE TO BE PLACED AND ARE TO BE EXPANDED IN CARRYING OUT THE TERMS OF THE BEQUESTS.
10 THAT THE STATE HiGHWAY DEPARTMENT IS DIRECTED TO EXPEND STATE HIGHWAY FUND~; IN THE CONSTRUCT i Of, MJD l<lA I NTENANCE OF ROADS INCLUDED WITHIN THE STATE PA111: SYSTEM.
ADf-11 NISTRATI ON
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE BRANCHES, NAMELY: PLANS AND DEVELOPMENTS, i~JSTORY, AND OPERATIONS. THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE MAINTAINS A CENTRAL DESIGN OFFICE IN THE DIVISION TO PLAN WORK OF THE C.C.C CAMPS ENGAGED IN THIS WORK THROUGHOUT THE STATE.
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT AN ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR BE ADDED TO THE ORGANIZATION OF
THE DIVISION. THIS ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR SHOULD BE SELECTED FOR IllS EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING IN ALL PHASES OF WORK PERTAINING TO RECREATIONAL AREA PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE. i~E WILL ACT IN AN ADVISOnY AND CONSULTING CAPACITY TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION.
THE BRANCH OF PLANS AND DEVELOPMENTS HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF DESIGNING AND DE TAILING ALL PLANS AND PROGRAMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILJ TIES IN THE STATE, THE CHIEF OF THIS BRANCH SHOULD BE A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT OR EN GINEER AND SHOULD HAVE, AS ASSISTANTS, A QUALIFIED ENGINEER AND A QUALIFIED ARCHITECT.
THE BRANCH OF HiSTORY SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOH ALL RESEARCH AND THE CORRELATION OF ALL DATA RELATING TO HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. THIS BRANCH SHOULD DETERMINE, WITH TilE ADVICE OF THE GREATEST POSSIBLE NUMBER OF AUTHORITIES OF TliE STATES HISTORY, THE AUTHENTICITY AND VALUE OF ALL HISTORICAL DATA TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. THE HISTORIAN SHOULD ADVISE THE BRANCH OF PLANS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SELECTION OF THOSE AREAS TO BE INCLUDED IN STATE PARK SYSTEM AND DEVELOPED AS A PART OF IT. IN COOPERATION WITH THE BRANCH OF OPERATIONS, THE HISTORIAN SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PROPER SELECTION AND LOCATION OF ALL
54

No FUTURE AREA SHOULD BE SELECTED OR DEVELOPED AS A STATE PARK WITHOUT THE DESIGNA TION OF THE AREAS, AS SUCH, BY THE COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RE SOURCES, THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, THE CHAIRMAN OF THE STATE PLANNING BOARD, THE DIRECTOR OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH, AND THE GoVERNOR. JOINT CON CURRENCE OF ALL FIVE IS REQUIRED TO DESIGNATE AN AREA AS A STATE PARK.
LECISLATION
ON MARCH 5, 1937, THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL REsOURCES WAS CREATED, AND THE Dl
VISIONS oF (1) FoRESTRY, (2) WILD LIFE, (3) MINEs, MINING AND GEOLOGY, AND (4) STATE
PARKS, HISTORIC SiTES AND MONUMENTS, WERE MADE A PART THEREOF. THE DEPARTMENT IS GOVERNED BY ONE COMMISSIONER WITH THE DIRECTOR OF EACH DIVISION RESPONSIBLE TO HIM
THE SECTION DEVOTED TO STATE PARK DiVISiON STATES:
1. THAT THE DIRECTOR SHALL BE SELECTED WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HIS EXECU-
TIVE ABILITY, EXPERIENCE, TRAINING AND SKILL IN PARK AND RECREATIONAL WORK.
2 THAT ALL PARK AND RECREATIONAL AREAS HERETOFORE OR HEREAFTER ACQU'RED BY THE STATE SHALL CONSTITUTE THE STATE PARK SYSTEM AND BE MANAGED BY THIS D1 VISION,
3. THAT IT COOPERATE WITH,FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES TO STUDY THE STATE 5 PRESENT PARK, PARKWAY AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES AND FACILITIES, THE NEED FOR SUCH AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE NEEDS ARE BEING MET, AND INCLUDING A SURVEY TO DETERMINE THE LAND SUITABLE AND DESIRABLE TO BE ACQUIRED 8: THE STATE AS A PART OF THE STATE PARK SYSTEM. THE RESULTS OF SUCH STUDY TO BE
REPORTED TO THE GovERNOR AND THE NEXT SUCCEEDING SESSION OF THE GENERAL As
SEMOLY, AND TO BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE .DIVISION AND THE COMM I55 IotJER.
4. THAT THE RIGHT OF EMINENT DOMAIN SHALL BE EXERCISED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE LAW, NOW OR HEREAFTER EXISTING, FOR THE CONDEMNATION OF PROPERTY TO BE USED AS STATE PARKS.
5. THAT COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS CAN BE MADE WITH OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES, IN CLUDING TIE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND OTHER STATES IN MATTERS RELATING TO THE PARK OR PARKWAY PROGRAM
6. THAT LOCAL AND REGIONAL COUNCILS CAN BE APPOINTED AT THE DISCRETION OF THE COMMISSIONER TO STUDY AND ADVISE IN THE WORK OF THE DIVISION FOR THE EXTENSION, DEVELOPMENT, USE AND MAINTENANCE OF ANY AREA OR PROPERTY FOR WHICH APPOINTED .
53

No FUTURE AREA SHOULD BE SELECTED OR DEVELOPED AS A STATE PARK WITHOUT THE DESIGNA TION OF THE AREAS, AS SUCH, BY THE COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RE SOURCES, THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, THE CHAIRMAN OF THE STATE PLANNING BOARD, THE DIRECTOR OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH, AND THE GoVERNOR. JOINT CON CURRENCE OF ALL FIVE IS REQUIRED TO DESIGNATE AN AREA AS A STATE PARK.
LECISLATION
ON MARCH 5, 1937, THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL REsOURCES WAS CREATED, AND THE Dl
VISIONS oF (1) FoRESTRY, (2) WILD LIFE, (3) MINEs, MINING AND GEOLOGY, AND (4) STATE
PARKS, HISTORIC SiTES AND MONUMENTS, WERE MADE A PART THEREOF. THE DEPARTMENT IS GOVERNED BY ONE COMMISSIONER WITH THE DIRECTOR OF EACH DIVISION RESPONSIBLE TO HIM
THE SECTION DEVOTED TO STATE PARK DiVISiON STATES:
1. THAT THE DIRECTOR SHALL BE SELECTED WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HIS EXECU-
TIVE ABILITY, EXPERIENCE, TRAINING AND SKILL IN PARK AND RECREATIONAL WORK.
2 THAT ALL PARK AND RECREATIONAL AREAS HERETOFORE OR HEREAFTER ACQU'RED BY THE STATE SHALL CONSTITUTE THE STATE PARK SYSTEM AND BE MANAGED BY THIS D1 VISION,
3. THAT IT COOPERATE WITH,FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES TO STUDY THE STATE 5 PRESENT PARK, PARKWAY AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES AND FACILITIES, THE NEED FOR SUCH AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE NEEDS ARE BEING MET, AND INCLUDING A SURVEY TO DETERMINE THE LAND SUITABLE AND DESIRABLE TO BE ACQUIRED 8: THE STATE AS A PART OF THE STATE PARK SYSTEM. THE RESULTS OF SUCH STUDY TO BE
REPORTED TO THE GovERNOR AND THE NEXT SUCCEEDING SESSION OF THE GENERAL As
SEMOLY, AND TO BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE .DIVISION AND THE COMM I55 IotJER.
4. THAT THE RIGHT OF EMINENT DOMAIN SHALL BE EXERCISED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE LAW, NOW OR HEREAFTER EXISTING, FOR THE CONDEMNATION OF PROPERTY TO BE USED AS STATE PARKS.
5. THAT COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS CAN BE MADE WITH OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES, IN CLUDING TIE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND OTHER STATES IN MATTERS RELATING TO THE PARK OR PARKWAY PROGRAM
6. THAT LOCAL AND REGIONAL COUNCILS CAN BE APPOINTED AT THE DISCRETION OF THE COMMISSIONER TO STUDY AND ADVISE IN THE WORK OF THE DIVISION FOR THE EXTENSION, DEVELOPMENT, USE AND MAINTENANCE OF ANY AREA OR PROPERTY FOR WHICH APPOINTED .
53

r
:,:, .

ORGANIZATIO.N _OF
DIVISION OF STATE PARKS-HISTORIC SITES &. MONUMENTS
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

.I - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS CENTRAL DESIGN OFFICE

DIREC~I'OR
CHARLES N. ELLIOTT

--------------,
r-- __ 1
I ...L _ _ _ _ Lj --~AISRSEOCCITAOTE~ _ _ j 1

T I
l
BRANCH OF PLANS & DEVELOPMENTS

BRANCH OF HISTORY

BRANCH OF OPERATIONS

,-------------,
L_ __ j BRANCH OF RECREfTION ___

r ______ }_ -----1

I

LANDSCAPE

I

1
L

-

-

-A-R-C-HrIT-E-C-T-

-

-

-

' I

HISTORIAN

SUPERINTENDENT

I SUPE~NTENDEN; l
L-----.-- ___ _j

r ___ _[ ___ l I

I ENGINEER . :
L________ j

I ARCHITECT
l
CAPITOL AND GROUNDS

W.PA. PROJECT
----

, __ _[

L J L I

CAMP-, ,--~--l

SPECIALIST_ NATURALIS~J

PARK SUPERINTENDENTS

,------PARK ____l
I ILR_ EC_ RE_ ATI_ ON_ _ DIR_EC_TO_RS_J

.-----,
L_____J-PROPOSED

RANGERS -OTHER HELP

r
:,:, .

ORGANIZATIO.N _OF
DIVISION OF STATE PARKS-HISTORIC SITES &. MONUMENTS
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

.I - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS CENTRAL DESIGN OFFICE

DIREC~I'OR
CHARLES N. ELLIOTT

--------------,
r-- __ 1
I ...L _ _ _ _ Lj --~AISRSEOCCITAOTE~ _ _ j 1

T I
l
BRANCH OF PLANS & DEVELOPMENTS

BRANCH OF HISTORY

BRANCH OF OPERATIONS

,-------------,
L_ __ j BRANCH OF RECREfTION ___

r ______ }_ -----1

I

LANDSCAPE

I

1
L

-

-

-A-R-C-HrIT-E-C-T-

-

-

-

' I

HISTORIAN

SUPERINTENDENT

I SUPE~NTENDEN; l
L-----.-- ___ _j

r ___ _[ ___ l I

I ENGINEER . :
L________ j

I ARCHITECT
l
CAPITOL AND GROUNDS

W.PA. PROJECT
----

, __ _[

L J L I

CAMP-, ,--~--l

SPECIALIST_ NATURALIS~J

PARK SUPERINTENDENTS

,------PARK ____l
I ILR_ EC_ RE_ ATI_ ON_ _ DIR_EC_TO_RS_J

.-----,
L_____J-PROPOSED

RANGERS -OTHER HELP

EFFECTUATION OF THE PLAN
THIS REPORT, WHICH HAS BEEN TERMED "OUTDOOR RECREATION IN GEORGIA" IS ONLY PRE LIMINARY TO THE REAL WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT IN THIS STUDY To BE UP TO DATE, THIS STUDY MUST BE CONTINUOUS, SINCE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE LEISURE TIME OF OUR PEOPLE ARE EVER CHANGING, AND PLANS MUST BE CONTINUOUSLY REVISED
ALTHOUGH THE COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL DATA, MAPS AND CHARTS, AND COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING HAVE PLAYED AN IMPORTANT PART IN THIS STUDY, THE TRUE VALUE OF THIS STUDY WILL BE LOST UNLESS IT PAVES THE WAY FOR ACTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF RECREA TIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES FOR THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA.
IN SELECTING AN AREA FOR RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THERE ARE MANY FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED SUCH AS NATURAL RESOURCES, ACCESSIBILITY, WATER SUPPLY AND THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TO BE SERVED PRELIMINARY PLANS SHOULD BE MADE AND SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL TC ALL PARTIES, WHOSE INTEREST AND SUPPORT MAY BE DESIRED. THESE PLANS SHOULD IN DICATE EXISTING CONDITIONS AND FEATURES IN ADDITION TO POTENTIALITIES.
FOLLOWING SUCH PLANS, IT WILL THEN BE NECESSARY TO EVALUATE ALL ATTRACTIVE FAC TORS TO DETERMINE THEIR DRAWING POWER THIS WILL REQUIRE STUDY, INASMUCH /1S THE AT TRACTIONS OF THE AREA MAY SERVE TO BRING PEOPLE FOR HUNDREDS OF MILES, IF GIVEN PROPER PUBLICITY; WHEREAS, IN OTHER INSTANCES, THE ATTRACTIONS ARE NOT UNCOMMON AND MAY BE ,UNDER COMPETITION FROM AREAS CONTAINING GREATER POPULAR APPEAL
,\v' THE EXTENT OF DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE GAUGED BY THE ULTIMATE DEMAND. WHILE IT Is
NOTEV/ORTHY TO PROVIDE RECREATIONAL AREAS FOR THE LOVJ INCOME GROUPS LIVING NEARBY, THE EXPENSE OF MAINTENANCE MAY NOT BE MET BY THESE GROUPS iT WOULD BE IMPRACTICAL TO PROVIDE EXTENSIVE FACILITIES ON AN AREA WHICH WOULD ONLY SERVE ITS IMMEDIATE VICINITY.
MANY INSTANCES OF SUCCESSFUL RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HAVE RESULTED FROM AN INCREASED PUBLIC USE OF A NATURAL AREA TO THE EXTENT THAT NATURAL RESOURCES WERE THREATENED WITH DESTRUCTION. EXAMPLES OF THIS OCCUR REGULARLY AT VARIOUS PLACES IN GEORGIA, W~~RE NATURAL SEASONAL HORTICULTURAL DISPLAYS EXIST. FREQUENTLY IN A FEW DAYS THE UNDERGROWTH IS TRAMPLED AND PLANTS UP ROOTED TO THE EXTENT THAT NATURE FAILS TO REPAIR THE DAMAGE BEFORE THE ONSLAUGHT OF ANOTHER SEASON.
FORTUNATELY THERE REMAIN MANY PLACES IN GEORGIA, WHICH HAVE RETAitJED PRISTINE LOVELINESS AND NATURAL RECREATIVE CHARM, BECAUSE THE GENERAL PUBLIC HAVE NOT DIS COVERED THEM, AND LOCAL PEOPLE TAKE THEM AS A MATTER OF COURSE. A FEW EXAMPLES
56

"'1
HISTORICAL MARKERSo THE HISTORIAN SHOULD ALSO KEEP THE PROPOSE') BRANCH OF RECRE
.ATT01f ACWJSEU AS Ta THES!: DEYECOPME'NTS tN OROitli THAT THE 8RAttCf(. 0;,RE~A' TlONMAY, IN TURN, INTEREST THE PUBLIC IN THIS PHASE OF RECREATION. ALL ARCHAEO LOGICAL DATA AND DEVELOPMENT SHOULD ALSO COME UNDER THE HEAD OF THE BRANCH OF HIS TORY, AND THE HISTORIAN SHOULD SEEK THE ADVICE OF QUALIFIED ARCHAEOLOGISTS IN ALL MATTERS PERTAINING TO THIS SUBJECT.
THE BRANCH OF OPERATIONS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ALL RECREATIONAL AREAS. THE CliiEF OF THIS BRANCH IS A SUPERINTENDENT WHOSE EXPE RIENCE IN TRAINING ALONG THE LINES OF MAINTENANCE OF RECREATIONAL AREAS IS SUFFICI ENT TO ENABLE HIM TO OPERATE WITHIN A BUDGET AND MAINTAIN THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE STANDARDS. THE SUPERINTENDENTS OF EACH PARK SHALL BE DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE TO THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE BRANCH OF OPERATIONS AND TAKE THEIR ORDERS FROM HIM.
IT IS RECOMMENDED TI~T A FOURTH BRANCH OF THIS DIVISION BE ORGANIZED, TO BE CALLED THE "BRANCH OF RECREATION". IT IS THE DUTY OF THIS BRANCH TO EDUCATE AND POPULARIZE THE USE OF RECREATIONAL AREAS THROUGHOUT THE STATE, NOT ONLY TO THE CIT IZENS OF THE STATE, BUT ALSO TO THOSE pqosPECTIVE VISITORS FROM OTHER POINTS. OF NO LESS IMPORTANCE, IT WILL ALSO BE THE DUTY OF THIS BRANCH TO PLAN AND ARRANGE FOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON ALL RECREATIONAL AREAS. THE CHIEF OF THIS BRANCH WILL BE A SUPERINTENDENT QUALIFiED TO MIX AND WORK WITH THE PUBLIC AND INCUR THE GOOD WILL OF THE CITIZENS OF COMMUNITIES IN THE VIC;NITY OF PARK AREAS. HE SHALL PROMOTE THE USE OF PARKS BY ORGANIZATIONS AND GROUPS, SUCH AS BOY SCOUTS, GIRL SCOUTS, CAMP FiRE GIRLS AND OTHER ELEEMOSYNARY ORGANIZATIONS. DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE TO THE SUPERINTEND~NT OF THIS BRANCH WILL BE RECREATIONAL DIRECTORS OF THE VARIOUS PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS. IT IS ALSO RECOMMENDED THAT A NATURALIST AND A CAMP SPECIALIST OR DIRECTOR BE EMPLOYED, AT LEAST ON A SEASONAL BASIS, TO ASSIST THE Su PERINTENDENT OF THE BRANCH OF RECREATION TO ARRANGE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROGRAM OF ACTIVITIES. AT A FUTURE DATE, IT IS EXPECTED THAT THESE TWO POSITIONS WOULD BE COME PERMANENT AND BE PLACED ON A FULL TIME BASiS
IT IS ALSO RECOGNIZED THAT EACH BRANCH OF THE DIVISION SHOULD INCLUDE IN ITS PERSONNEL SUCH SECRETARIAL, CLERICAL AND DRAFTING ASSISTANCE AS THE VOLUME OF WORK REQUIRES IN THE FIELD, IT IS ALSO ANTICIPATED THAT UNDER THE PARK SUPERINTENDENTS WILL BE EMPLOYED SUCH LABOR AS IS NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN THESE RECREATIONAL AREAS AT
. STANDARDS SET BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION
THE PROPER PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM WILL RE QUIRE WELL TRAINED AND EFFICIENT PERSONNEL. IT IS ADVISABLE THAT PROFESSIONAL QUAL IFICATIONS BE ESTABLISHED AND OBSERVED IN THE SELECTION OF PERSONNEL, AND THAT AP POINTMENT SHOULD BE MADE UNDER A MERIT SYSTEM.
55

"'1
HISTORICAL MARKERSo THE HISTORIAN SHOULD ALSO KEEP THE PROPOSE') BRANCH OF RECRE
.ATT01f ACWJSEU AS Ta THES!: DEYECOPME'NTS tN OROitli THAT THE 8RAttCf(. 0;,RE~A' TlONMAY, IN TURN, INTEREST THE PUBLIC IN THIS PHASE OF RECREATION. ALL ARCHAEO LOGICAL DATA AND DEVELOPMENT SHOULD ALSO COME UNDER THE HEAD OF THE BRANCH OF HIS TORY, AND THE HISTORIAN SHOULD SEEK THE ADVICE OF QUALIFIED ARCHAEOLOGISTS IN ALL MATTERS PERTAINING TO THIS SUBJECT.
THE BRANCH OF OPERATIONS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ALL RECREATIONAL AREAS. THE CliiEF OF THIS BRANCH IS A SUPERINTENDENT WHOSE EXPE RIENCE IN TRAINING ALONG THE LINES OF MAINTENANCE OF RECREATIONAL AREAS IS SUFFICI ENT TO ENABLE HIM TO OPERATE WITHIN A BUDGET AND MAINTAIN THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE STANDARDS. THE SUPERINTENDENTS OF EACH PARK SHALL BE DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE TO THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE BRANCH OF OPERATIONS AND TAKE THEIR ORDERS FROM HIM.
IT IS RECOMMENDED TI~T A FOURTH BRANCH OF THIS DIVISION BE ORGANIZED, TO BE CALLED THE "BRANCH OF RECREATION". IT IS THE DUTY OF THIS BRANCH TO EDUCATE AND POPULARIZE THE USE OF RECREATIONAL AREAS THROUGHOUT THE STATE, NOT ONLY TO THE CIT IZENS OF THE STATE, BUT ALSO TO THOSE pqosPECTIVE VISITORS FROM OTHER POINTS. OF NO LESS IMPORTANCE, IT WILL ALSO BE THE DUTY OF THIS BRANCH TO PLAN AND ARRANGE FOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON ALL RECREATIONAL AREAS. THE CHIEF OF THIS BRANCH WILL BE A SUPERINTENDENT QUALIFiED TO MIX AND WORK WITH THE PUBLIC AND INCUR THE GOOD WILL OF THE CITIZENS OF COMMUNITIES IN THE VIC;NITY OF PARK AREAS. HE SHALL PROMOTE THE USE OF PARKS BY ORGANIZATIONS AND GROUPS, SUCH AS BOY SCOUTS, GIRL SCOUTS, CAMP FiRE GIRLS AND OTHER ELEEMOSYNARY ORGANIZATIONS. DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE TO THE SUPERINTEND~NT OF THIS BRANCH WILL BE RECREATIONAL DIRECTORS OF THE VARIOUS PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS. IT IS ALSO RECOMMENDED THAT A NATURALIST AND A CAMP SPECIALIST OR DIRECTOR BE EMPLOYED, AT LEAST ON A SEASONAL BASIS, TO ASSIST THE Su PERINTENDENT OF THE BRANCH OF RECREATION TO ARRANGE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROGRAM OF ACTIVITIES. AT A FUTURE DATE, IT IS EXPECTED THAT THESE TWO POSITIONS WOULD BE COME PERMANENT AND BE PLACED ON A FULL TIME BASiS
IT IS ALSO RECOGNIZED THAT EACH BRANCH OF THE DIVISION SHOULD INCLUDE IN ITS PERSONNEL SUCH SECRETARIAL, CLERICAL AND DRAFTING ASSISTANCE AS THE VOLUME OF WORK REQUIRES IN THE FIELD, IT IS ALSO ANTICIPATED THAT UNDER THE PARK SUPERINTENDENTS WILL BE EMPLOYED SUCH LABOR AS IS NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN THESE RECREATIONAL AREAS AT
. STANDARDS SET BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION
THE PROPER PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM WILL RE QUIRE WELL TRAINED AND EFFICIENT PERSONNEL. IT IS ADVISABLE THAT PROFESSIONAL QUAL IFICATIONS BE ESTABLISHED AND OBSERVED IN THE SELECTION OF PERSONNEL, AND THAT AP POINTMENT SHOULD BE MADE UNDER A MERIT SYSTEM.
55

'1'

ARE GIVEN TO BRING TO THE ATTENTIQN OF THE PUBLIC SUCH UNHERALDED OUTSTANDING RE

I

SOURCES, TEN ACRES OF EASTER LILIES IN A CENTRAL GEORGIA COUNTY ARE A WONDERFUL

NATURAL GROWTH, THAT WOULD COST CONSIDERABLE TO DUPLICATE. AMPLE WATER, WASTING

AWAY FROM UNCAPPED ARTESIAN WELLS, PARTICULARLY ALONG THE COAST MIGHT PROVIDE A

SUPPLY ADEQUATE FOR MANY SWIMMING POOLS. SUCH A SUPPLY OF WATER WOULD BE INVALU

ABLE IN OTHER PLACES, WHERE NONE IS AVAILABLE, AND WOULD BE EAGERLY UTILIZED. UN

MARKED AND UNRECONSTRUCTED HISTORICAL SPOTS OF CONSIDERABLE IMPORTANCE AND INTEREST

THROUGHOUT THE STATE ARE WELL NIGH FORGOTTEN, OR ARE GRADUALLY BECOMING OBLITERATED.

THIS HAS HAPPENED TO THE LOCATION OF FORT KING GEORGE NEAR DARIEN, AND IS HAPPENING

TO FORT FREDERICA ON SAINT SIMONS ISLAND. OLD STAGE COACH ROUTES AND WAYSIDE TAV-

ERNS ARE BEING USED FOR FIELD ROADS AND COLORED TENANT HOUSES. ARCHAELOGICAL SITES

ARE BECOMING MORE DIFFICULT TO LOCATE WITH THE PASSING OF YEARS. A FEW YEARS HENCE

LARGE SUMS OF MONEY MAY BE FRUITLESSLY SPENT IN RESEARCH, TO RELOCATE AND ESTABLISH

ALL SUCH PLACES THIS HAS ALREADY HAPPENED IN PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES, WHERE

RAPID DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF POPULATION, BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY HAVE OUTSTRIPPED

THE LOVE FOR RECREATION, WHICH REMAINS ALIVE IN THE HEARTS OF GEORGIANS.

WHILE CONSERVATION MEASURES WILL DO MUCH TO PRESERVE THE WILDLIFE RESOURCES,
THE DEMAND FOR OTHER TYPES OF OUT DOOR RECREATION NECESSARILY WILL GROW FASTER THAN
.... FACILITIES MAY BE PROVIDED FOR HUNTING, FISHING AND OTHER PRIMITIVE FORMS OF RECRE-
ATION, BECAUSE THE DENSITY OF POPULATION IS STEADILY INCREASING. THEREFORE, IT AP-
/ PEARS ENTIRELY LOGICAL AND FEASIBLE TO ANTICIPATE FUTURE TRENDS, AND LOOK AHEAD,
I
BY AT LEAST ACQUIRING,PRESERVING AND PARTIALLY DEVELOPING AREAS, WHICH FUTURE GEN
ERATIONS WILL NEED FOR RECREATION, AND PROBABLY WILL APPRECIATE EVEN MORE THA~ TO
DAY S GENERATION.

57

ARE GIVEN TO BRING TO THE ATTENTIQN OF THE PUBLIC SUCH UNHERALDED OUTSTANDING RE

I

SOURCES, TEN ACRES OF EASTER LILIES IN A CENTRAL GEORGIA COUNTY ARE A WONDERFUL

NATURAL GROWTH, THAT WOULD COST CONSIDERABLE TO DUPLICATE. AMPLE WATER, WASTING

AWAY FROM UNCAPPED ARTESIAN WELLS, PARTICULARLY ALONG THE COAST MIGHT PROVIDE A

SUPPLY ADEQUATE FOR MANY SWIMMING POOLS. SUCH A SUPPLY OF WATER WOULD BE INVALU

ABLE IN OTHER PLACES, WHERE NONE IS AVAILABLE, AND WOULD BE EAGERLY UTILIZED. UN

MARKED AND UNRECONSTRUCTED HISTORICAL SPOTS OF CONSIDERABLE IMPORTANCE AND INTEREST

THROUGHOUT THE STATE ARE WELL NIGH FORGOTTEN, OR ARE GRADUALLY BECOMING OBLITERATED.

THIS HAS HAPPENED TO THE LOCATION OF FORT KING GEORGE NEAR DARIEN, AND IS HAPPENING

TO FORT FREDERICA ON SAINT SIMONS ISLAND. OLD STAGE COACH ROUTES AND WAYSIDE TAV-

ERNS ARE BEING USED FOR FIELD ROADS AND COLORED TENANT HOUSES. ARCHAELOGICAL SITES

ARE BECOMING MORE DIFFICULT TO LOCATE WITH THE PASSING OF YEARS. A FEW YEARS HENCE

LARGE SUMS OF MONEY MAY BE FRUITLESSLY SPENT IN RESEARCH, TO RELOCATE AND ESTABLISH

ALL SUCH PLACES THIS HAS ALREADY HAPPENED IN PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES, WHERE

RAPID DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF POPULATION, BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY HAVE OUTSTRIPPED

THE LOVE FOR RECREATION, WHICH REMAINS ALIVE IN THE HEARTS OF GEORGIANS.

WHILE CONSERVATION MEASURES WILL DO MUCH TO PRESERVE THE WILDLIFE RESOURCES,
THE DEMAND FOR OTHER TYPES OF OUT DOOR RECREATION NECESSARILY WILL GROW FASTER THAN
.... FACILITIES MAY BE PROVIDED FOR HUNTING, FISHING AND OTHER PRIMITIVE FORMS OF RECRE-
ATION, BECAUSE THE DENSITY OF POPULATION IS STEADILY INCREASING. THEREFORE, IT AP-
/ PEARS ENTIRELY LOGICAL AND FEASIBLE TO ANTICIPATE FUTURE TRENDS, AND LOOK AHEAD,
I
BY AT LEAST ACQUIRING,PRESERVING AND PARTIALLY DEVELOPING AREAS, WHICH FUTURE GEN
ERATIONS WILL NEED FOR RECREATION, AND PROBABLY WILL APPRECIATE EVEN MORE THA~ TO
DAY S GENERATION.

57