D I F. E C T O R . E D RIVERS GovERNOR EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT ATLANTA JANUARY 6, 1939 HoN Rov V, HARRIS, AND MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE, ATLANTA, GEORGIA GENTLEMEN: THE PLAN OF ESTABLISHING NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS IN EACH COUtJTY OF THE STATE IS PROVING VERY POPULARo AT THE PRESENT TIME, MANY OF THE COUNTIES HAVE ACQUIRED, OR ARE iN THE PROCESS OF ACQUIRING TRACTS OF ONE THOUSAND ACRES OR MORE, WHICH ARE BEING TURNED OVER TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPMENT AS NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS. THE AREAS ARE TO BE USED AS CONSERVATION PROJECTS, AND ARE TO BE ADMINISTERED BY THE DIVISIONS OF FORESTRY, WILD LiFE, AND STATE PARKS, HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS. THE ~JRPOSES FOR WHICH THE AREAS WILL BE DEVELOPED ARE (1) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FOREST DEMONSTRATION PLOTS; (2) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF WILD LIFE AND GAME PRESERVES, THE OBJECT BEING TO HELP RESTOCK THE ADJACENT TERRITORY; AND (3) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RECREATION AREAS, WHERE FACILITIES FOR PICNICKING, SWIMMING, HIKING AND OTHER OUTDOOR RECREATION MAY BE PROVIDED. THIS PLAN IS RECOMMENDED TO THE CITIZENS OF EACH COUNTY FOR THEIR CONSIDERATION As THE AREAS ARE ACQUIRED, THEY WILL BE PLACED ON THE NATURAL RE SOURCES PROGRAM, AND WORK WILL BE UNDERTAKEN AS SOON AS FUNDS BECOME AVAILABLE FOR EACH PROJECTo GovERNOR- IV E D RIVERS GovERNOR EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT ATLANTA JANUARY 6, 1939 HoN Rov V, HARRIS, AND MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE, ATLANTA, GEORGIA GENTLEMEN: THE PLAN OF ESTABLISHING NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS IN EACH COUtJTY OF THE STATE IS PROVING VERY POPULARo AT THE PRESENT TIME, MANY OF THE COUNTIES HAVE ACQUIRED, OR ARE iN THE PROCESS OF ACQUIRING TRACTS OF ONE THOUSAND ACRES OR MORE, WHICH ARE BEING TURNED OVER TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPMENT AS NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS. THE AREAS ARE TO BE USED AS CONSERVATION PROJECTS, AND ARE TO BE ADMINISTERED BY THE DIVISIONS OF FORESTRY, WILD LiFE, AND STATE PARKS, HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS. THE ~JRPOSES FOR WHICH THE AREAS WILL BE DEVELOPED ARE (1) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FOREST DEMONSTRATION PLOTS; (2) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF WILD LIFE AND GAME PRESERVES, THE OBJECT BEING TO HELP RESTOCK THE ADJACENT TERRITORY; AND (3) FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RECREATION AREAS, WHERE FACILITIES FOR PICNICKING, SWIMMING, HIKING AND OTHER OUTDOOR RECREATION MAY BE PROVIDED. THIS PLAN IS RECOMMENDED TO THE CITIZENS OF EACH COUNTY FOR THEIR CONSIDERATION As THE AREAS ARE ACQUIRED, THEY WILL BE PLACED ON THE NATURAL RE SOURCES PROGRAM, AND WORK WILL BE UNDERTAKEN AS SOON AS FUNDS BECOME AVAILABLE FOR EACH PROJECTo GovERNOR- IV ,, I This Report embodies the recommendations of the State Planning Board, State Study Authority; the Division of State Parks, Tiistoric Sites and Monuments, Department of Natural Resources, Principal Cooperating Agency, and has the concurrenee of the National Park Service. Approvedz nfr~rofnuo ~k Historic Sites and Monuments (Principal Cooperating Agency) THE GENEHAL L!BHAF-1Y THE UNIV~R~ITY OF GEOf-1GIA tt 1)17~ G ~~s- .-.2- Jq3q c,~ STATE PLANNING BOARD I HENRY T. Me INTOSH , , , CHill RMAN DR. T, F. ABERCROMBIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DR. M.D. CoLLINS STATE SuPERINTENDENT oF ScHooLs JIM L. GILLIS ,, , STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER J. W, WOODRUFF, BUSINESS EXECUTIVE MI 55 MARTHA BERRY EDUCAT..O. R 0 0 0 RICHARD C. JoB DIRECTOR R F' BURCH ,, SECRETARY <' 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 !I , k MAY 1~~ G~~ tt 1)17~ G ~~s- .-.2- Jq3q c,~ STATE PLANNING BOARD I HENRY T. Me INTOSH , , , CHill RMAN DR. T, F. ABERCROMBIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DR. M.D. CoLLINS STATE SuPERINTENDENT oF ScHooLs JIM L. GILLIS ,, , STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER J. W, WOODRUFF, BUSINESS EXECUTIVE MI 55 MARTHA BERRY EDUCAT..O. R 0 0 0 RICHARD C. JoB DIRECTOR R F' BURCH ,, SECRETARY <' 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 !I , k MAY 1~~ G~~ ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE I. I I . I I I. IV. v. VI. VII. VIII. IX X. XL. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. ORGANIZATION CHART OF RECREATION STUDY .......... FOLLOWING PAGE VI I RESORT ScENEs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 BASE RELIEF MAP OF GEORGIA ......................... II LAND CLASSIFICATION AND PRINCIPAL AGRICULTURAL YIELD 11 II " ;o II 12 GEORGIA CLIMATE " II 14 POPULATION TREND 18901930 ................... ., .... " II 21 TOTAL POPULATION DISTRI8UTION - 1930 NEGRO POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 1930 WHITE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 1930 " " 21 " " 21 II II 21 HEALTH IMPROVEMENT 1936 1937 DEATH RATES TYPHOID 1935 1937 " II 23 DEATH RATES TUBERCULOSIS - 1935-1937 DEATH RATES MALARIA .. 19351937 .................. II " 23 DEATH RATES DIPHTHERIA - 1935 1937 DEATH RATES INFANT MORTALITY- 19351937 EXISTING AREA MAP " II 27 STATE PARK ScENES IN MouNTAINS . "".................. 11 II 27 STATE PARK SCENES IN PIEDMONT AND COASTAL SECTIONS 11 II 34 ScENES IN NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS " II 38 OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE PICTORIAL MAP .......... II II 42 ScENEs IN THE OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE ........... " II 44 ORGANIZATION CHART OF DIVISION OF STATE PARKS ...... 11 II 54 VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE STATE PLANNING BOARD GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES THE ASSISTANCE RENDERED BY THE VARIOUS FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES, WHOSE COOPERATION MADE THIS REPORT POSSIBLE. AMONG THOSE TO WHOM WE ARE PARTICULARLY INDEBTED FOR MAPS, TABULATIONS, SOURCE DATA, AND OTHER VALUABLE INFORMATION ARE: STATE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DEPART MENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, STATE HIGHWAY DEPOT, STATE LIBRARY, Uo S WEATHER BUREAU, U, S, CENSUS BUREAU, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS, u. S. FOREST SERVICE, U, s BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, U, S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE, AND WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE STATE PLANNING BOARD GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES THE ASSISTANCE RENDERED BY THE VARIOUS FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES, WHOSE COOPERATION MADE THIS REPORT POSSIBLE. AMONG THOSE TO WHOM WE ARE PARTICULARLY INDEBTED FOR MAPS, TABULATIONS, SOURCE DATA, AND OTHER VALUABLE INFORMATION ARE: STATE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DEPART MENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, STATE HIGHWAY DEPOT, STATE LIBRARY, Uo S WEATHER BUREAU, U, S, CENSUS BUREAU, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS, u. S. FOREST SERVICE, U, s BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, U, S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE, AND WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION. v PARK, PARKWAY AND RECREATIONAL-AREA STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES ORGANIZATION CHART STATE OF GEORGIA OTHER FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES I DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU Of' THE CENSUS HUAEAU OF AlA COMMERCE OAU-AIFt T~ANSPOATATION Af RECREATION AIUAS-E~ISTINO AHO POTEHTIALAIIIPORTPAIIIW- ~N~Cp;:D;::ICR"tC:~~~~~S:~~:II~~T~[(SV~~:p::TNETN~~:._ ~~..:,-,.;~:~"o~ SOURCES. STUDI!S, REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS- P[~SONNEL CCNCERNlDWITHR[C"EATION. BUREAU Or BIOLOGICAL SURVEY . . ~g~~:=~~~;~~AA~~l~;f:f;igL~I;:t~~~:~;~::~ ;:~::;:~:~:;;_ EXTENSION SERVICE OATA ON "EC~EATlOOIAL I'RCGIOAW- WETI REPO~T-~[CIIEATICN P[IISONNEL- CAMP$ AND OTHER ltlC~[ATIONAL C[VELOPWtNt; [XIaTING ARC PROPOSED. rARM SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ~~~A u~:Dc:":t~"1t~::~':: ~:~:~ 1 ::~ ~::11LNI1~1TERt~ 1:;~,.0:~ztcL:PcWAtw~:- RECIItATtcN PtRSOHWtL- R[CRtATICN STUCFES AND AE~CRTS- LANO USlSTUOIE:I. BUREAU Or PUBLIC ROADS WEATHER BUREAU .SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE ~~~~ ANO MA~I-LAMD UU STUDIES, WATt II CONTROL PROJECTS, NATIONAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION COST DATA ON <:OMST~UCTICN or RtCR[AT IONAL rACILITIES AMD LOCATION OF SAW[, -----OF'F'ICAL --F'UNCTIONAL PHS STIID~ CONOVCTED QY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IlNDER AIJTIIORITY OF ACT OF CONGRESS PIJBUC 770)1-N~ CONGRESS. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE OF GEORGIA io::,?.::+.\ivd~~s;i~".-lf----=-===:-;:~~~~~=1'-------r--,------,--'~------------, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DATA ANO WAP$- EX .. TINC. NA110NAL PAR~! AND WCNUWENU, HISTO~IC !ITES ANO T~OSE p~OPCHD OA A[JECTEO.CI<;[ST AND <;OWPARA"fiH STUDY Or HAT[ lAW.AIRPCRTSTUDT,WUNOCIPALAON OCHOOL CRQUNQS. I DIVISION OF' NEGRO EDUCATION STATE PLANNING BOARD POP~LATION -OCCUPATIONAL IHCO~E ANP CN(RAL WEfLT~-LANO U~( -LANO VAU[ ~- IOUNICI~AL, CCUNTYAN05[101-PUBLICUCIOATIONAREA5 "NDF ...CIUTIUCOLFCOUIOS[SURVEV-SURVEY ;~~~~i~t;~~;~I:To~Nu;~r~~:l- OR- GANIZED C"NP ~URVEY- POT[ NTIALAR[A5-L[GISLATIONCLI- MAT0LOGY-COCRDINATI0"AN0 ~IOCS[NTATION OF ALl. DATA COMPI~EO U OTHER AGE>O~AAW .STATE Of'f'ICES f'EDERAL H SOCIAL AGENCIES UCAEATICNAl)l[fO& PCT(NTIALAIOEAS AGENCIES WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL YOUTH AOMINISTRATION roRESTSERVICE OGLETHORPE UNIVERSITY INOIVICUA~ COUNTY STUDIES DV $TUO[NTSI...O."' ::&:~ CHAPTER I , CHAPTER II. CHAPTER I I I CHAPTER IV, v. CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE 0 ' , ~ PAGE STATE PLANNING BOARD . I i APPROVALS Ill EXECUTIVE ENDORSEMENT IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, , o, ................... . v PAGE INTRODUCTION " 1 SUMMARY,.. " ............... " " 3 DIGEST OF FACTS.. 3 RECOMMENDATIONS . ,.... 5 THE STATE AND ITS PEOPLE . 7 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE . , 7 RECREATIONAL RESOURCES . 11 GEOLOGY." ,." ,""....... 11 So 1LS. 12 WATER RESOURCES ; 12 CLIMATE . 13 FAUNA. ' 0 , " 14 FLORA " . ' 16 ARCHAEOLOGY .. , 17 HISTORY . " 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 POPULATION ...... , ~'................................ 20 GOVERNMEN I SERVICES.. . 0..... ................. 23 AGENCIES CoNCERNED WiTH REC!REATI ON . 0 ,,.-~ ~ HEAL'iil AND SANITATION o o , " , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ EDUCA T ' ON" " ,, 0 " 0 0 0 0 ' 0 25 TRANSPOR,ATiON . ,,., oooo 26 EXISTING AREAS . 28 HISTORY oF STATE PARK MovEMENT 28 STATE PARKS .. ,....................... 29 MuN 1c 1PAL AND CouNTY AREAS. 36 NATIONAL PARKs AND MoNUMENTS 37 REtREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS 39 NATIONAL FoREST .............................. 41 LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS..................... 42 WiLD LtFE REFUGES............................. 42 APPALACHIAN TRAIL. 46 RECREATIONAL AREA PLAN , 0 PRINCIPLES THE PLAN. A.N.D. . .S.TA. N. .D.A.R.D.S.................... . . . LEG ISLAT I ON ; ADMINISTRATION EFFECTUATION OF THE PLAN /' iia , _ ,----~""' 48 50 53 54 56 VII CHAPTER I , CHAPTER II. CHAPTER I I I CHAPTER IV, v. CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE 0 ' , ~ PAGE STATE PLANNING BOARD . I i APPROVALS Ill EXECUTIVE ENDORSEMENT IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, , o, ................... . v PAGE INTRODUCTION " 1 SUMMARY,.. " ............... " " 3 DIGEST OF FACTS.. 3 RECOMMENDATIONS . ,.... 5 THE STATE AND ITS PEOPLE . 7 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE . , 7 RECREATIONAL RESOURCES . 11 GEOLOGY." ,." ,""....... 11 So 1LS. 12 WATER RESOURCES ; 12 CLIMATE . 13 FAUNA. ' 0 , " 14 FLORA " . ' 16 ARCHAEOLOGY .. , 17 HISTORY . " 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 POPULATION ...... , ~'................................ 20 GOVERNMEN I SERVICES.. . 0..... ................. 23 AGENCIES CoNCERNED WiTH REC!REATI ON . 0 ,,.-~ ~ HEAL'iil AND SANITATION o o , " , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ EDUCA T ' ON" " ,, 0 " 0 0 0 0 ' 0 25 TRANSPOR,ATiON . ,,., oooo 26 EXISTING AREAS . 28 HISTORY oF STATE PARK MovEMENT 28 STATE PARKS .. ,....................... 29 MuN 1c 1PAL AND CouNTY AREAS. 36 NATIONAL PARKs AND MoNUMENTS 37 REtREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS 39 NATIONAL FoREST .............................. 41 LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS..................... 42 WiLD LtFE REFUGES............................. 42 APPALACHIAN TRAIL. 46 RECREATIONAL AREA PLAN , 0 PRINCIPLES THE PLAN. A.N.D. . .S.TA. N. .D.A.R.D.S.................... . . . LEG ISLAT I ON ; ADMINISTRATION EFFECTUATION OF THE PLAN /' iia , _ ,----~""' 48 50 53 54 56 VII THE SCOPE MID PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS OR IEFLY SU~,l:V1AR I ZED 1\S FOLLOWS: 1. To SECURE ~ND PRESENT FACTUAL DATA ON EXISTING RECREATIONAL AREAS MJD FACILITIES ;\ND THE AGENCIES CONCERNED \!/I TH THEM. 2. AN ANALYSIS OF 3ASIC DATA ON POPULATION, NATURAL RESOURCES AND GoVERNMENT SERVICEs. 3. AN INVEIHORY OF THOSE AREAS WHICH, 8ECAUSE OF THEIR OUTSTAND- lNG SCENIC, SCIENTIFIC, EDUCATIONAL OR RECREATIONAL VALUES, SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE STATE SYSTEM OF RECREATIONAL AREAS. 4. To DETERMINE THE PRESENT USE OF EXISTING FACILITIES AND THE PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION NOW BEING SERVED. 5. To PROVIDE THROUGH AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM, A PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE SOCIAL VALUES OF RECREATION. 6. TO PROVIDE DATA UPON WHICH TO BASE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE .C. C. C. CAMP ALLOCATIONS. 7. To PROVIDE DATA WHICH WILL PROVE HELPFUL IN PREPARING COMPREHENSIVE PLANS FOR LOCAL, STATE, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RECREATIONAL AREA SysTEMS" THIS IS H!E FIRST REPORT Of THE . FINO INGS OF TH I5 STUDY, AND WILL BE FOLLOWED BY OTHER REPORTS ON ORGANIZED CAMPING, MUNICIPAL FACILITIES, WILDLIFE, RECREATIONAL ( INTEREST GROUPS AND PARK ATTENDANCE STUDIES . 2- CHAPTiR 0 NE o-- I NT R0 DUCT I 0 N As Ll;: I SURE T I :<1E FOR TI~E I tJO IV I DUAL INCREASES, DUE TO CHANGES IN THE ECONot11 C AND SOCIAL STRUCTU~E, IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO PROVIDE WAYS AND MEANS TO INSURE ITS PROPER US!::. RECREATION HAS BEEN T::CRI4ED 11 THE CPE:.T IONAL POTENTIALITIES OF THE STREAMS AND COASTAL WATERS AND THE ELIMINATION OF POLLUTION AND OTHER MISUSE . ."-.J 15, GREATER CONS I DERA T IOtJ BE GIVEN THE St1N ITARY CONDITIONS OF ALL SWIMMING POOLS, BATHHOUSES, TRAILER AND TOURIST CAMPS, AND DRINKING WATER ON ALL RECRZATIONAL AREAS OPEN TO THE PUDLIC; AND THAT THESE FACILITIES BE OPERATED AND MAINTAINED ACCORDING TO STANDARDS SET UP BY TfE STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. 16. THE IAAPP ING PfWGRAMS OF ALL FEDERAL. AND STATE AGENCIES SHOULD BE COORDINATED. ADEQUATE MAPS ARE ESSENTIAL TO RECREATIONAL PLANNING. 6 12. THE WHITE RACE CONTROLS MOST OF THE WEALTH OF THE STATE, THEREBY, PLAC- I lNG UPON ITSELF TliE RESPONSIBILITY OF PROVIDING RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES FOR THE NEGRO RACE. \ \ 13. THERE ARE IN GEORGIA NINE STATE PARKS. NONE OF THESE IS LOCATED SO AS TO SERVE THE DAY USE NEEDS OF THE CITIZENS OF AIN ONE OF THE FOUR LARGEST URBAN CENTERS. IN ADDITION, THERE ARE THREE RECREATION DEMONSTRATION AREAS, FIVE NAT- IONAL MoNUMENTS, ONE NATIONAL FoREST, TWO LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS, FOUR WILD LIFE ~EFUGES, TWO STATE FORESTS AND FOUR COUNTY PARKS. 14. THERE ARE NUMEROUS SHRINES AND HISTORIC AREAS WITHIN THE STATE, SOME OF WHICH ARE NOW PUDLICLY OWNED. RECOMMEND!ITIWS IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT: 1- THE STUDY DE CONTINUED, WHICH WILL AID IN DEVELOPING A COORDINATED STATE-WIDE PLAN PROVIDING FOR ESSENTIAL INTEGRATION AND CORRELATION OF AREAS, POLICIES AND PRO GRAMS OF ALL AGENCI:S CONCERNED WITH PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS. 2. A THOROUGH ~'TUDVBE tMDE OF THOSE AREP.S HAVII,JG OUT5l'AtiDIHB :SQSfUC, 1-nSTORIC, AND/OR RECRE>'1TIONAL OR EDUCATIONAL VALUES MID THAT I~ECOM~1ENDATIONS AS TO THEIR VALUE AS STATE PARKS BE MADE 3. IMMEDIATE CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATiONAL AREAS IN THE VICINITY OF THOSE DENSELY POPULATED CENTERS WHICH ARE NOT NOW SERVED BY EXISTING RECREATIONAL AREASl \\/ 4. CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL AREAS FOR 1 NEGROES, FIRST CONSIDERATION BEING GIVEN TO AREAS NEAR TIE LARGE URBAN CENTERS. 5. THE STUDY BEING MADE TO DETERMINE THE ADVISABILITY OF ACQUIRING AND PRESERVING IMPORTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIC S~TES BE CONTINUED. 6. PARK PLAYFIELD TVPE OF AREAS BE DEVELOPED ADJACENT TO CONSOLIDATED ScHOOLS AND OTHER COUNTY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, THESE /,REAS TO BE ADMIN ISTEREO BY THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN COOPEP.ATION VJITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE DIVISION OF ST.\ TE PAHKS ,. 7. A STUDY DE MADE TO DETERMINE THE ADVISABILITY OF CREATING A SYSTEM OF PARKWAYS AND TRAILWAYS. 12. THE WHITE RACE CONTROLS MOST OF THE WEALTH OF THE STATE, THEREBY, PLAC- I lNG UPON ITSELF TliE RESPONSIBILITY OF PROVIDING RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES FOR THE NEGRO RACE. \ \ 13. THERE ARE IN GEORGIA NINE STATE PARKS. NONE OF THESE IS LOCATED SO AS TO SERVE THE DAY USE NEEDS OF THE CITIZENS OF AIN ONE OF THE FOUR LARGEST URBAN CENTERS. IN ADDITION, THERE ARE THREE RECREATION DEMONSTRATION AREAS, FIVE NAT- IONAL MoNUMENTS, ONE NATIONAL FoREST, TWO LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS, FOUR WILD LIFE ~EFUGES, TWO STATE FORESTS AND FOUR COUNTY PARKS. 14. THERE ARE NUMEROUS SHRINES AND HISTORIC AREAS WITHIN THE STATE, SOME OF WHICH ARE NOW PUDLICLY OWNED. RECOMMEND!ITIWS IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT: 1- THE STUDY DE CONTINUED, WHICH WILL AID IN DEVELOPING A COORDINATED STATE-WIDE PLAN PROVIDING FOR ESSENTIAL INTEGRATION AND CORRELATION OF AREAS, POLICIES AND PRO GRAMS OF ALL AGENCI:S CONCERNED WITH PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS. 2. A THOROUGH ~'TUDVBE tMDE OF THOSE AREP.S HAVII,JG OUT5l'AtiDIHB :SQSfUC, 1-nSTORIC, AND/OR RECRE>'1TIONAL OR EDUCATIONAL VALUES MID THAT I~ECOM~1ENDATIONS AS TO THEIR VALUE AS STATE PARKS BE MADE 3. IMMEDIATE CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATiONAL AREAS IN THE VICINITY OF THOSE DENSELY POPULATED CENTERS WHICH ARE NOT NOW SERVED BY EXISTING RECREATIONAL AREASl \\/ 4. CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL AREAS FOR 1 NEGROES, FIRST CONSIDERATION BEING GIVEN TO AREAS NEAR TIE LARGE URBAN CENTERS. 5. THE STUDY BEING MADE TO DETERMINE THE ADVISABILITY OF ACQUIRING AND PRESERVING IMPORTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIC S~TES BE CONTINUED. 6. PARK PLAYFIELD TVPE OF AREAS BE DEVELOPED ADJACENT TO CONSOLIDATED ScHOOLS AND OTHER COUNTY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, THESE /,REAS TO BE ADMIN ISTEREO BY THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN COOPEP.ATION VJITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE DIVISION OF ST.\ TE PAHKS ,. 7. A STUDY DE MADE TO DETERMINE THE ADVISABILITY OF CREATING A SYSTEM OF PARKWAYS AND TRAILWAYS. fHE TOPOGRAPHY OF THIS SECTION PROVIDES AN EVER CHANGING VARIETY OF SEASCAPES AND LANDSCAPES. INTERESTING ASPECTS OF THE COASTLINE CONSISTS OF ISLANDS, SAVANNAS, YOOCED PROMONTORIES, BEACHES, A MAZE OF ESTUARIES, PROVIDING INLAND WATERWAYS AND FISfiiNG GROU~DS, BROAD SOUNCS AND NAVIGABLE RIVERS AND CREEKS INTO WHICH TIDEWATER EXTENDS FOR SEVERAL MILES. THERE ARE ~IANY MILES OF GENTLY SLOPING SANDY OEACI-iES. THE SURF IS nODEEATE, AND TliE VihTER IS TEt~PERED TO f, COMFORTM3LE DEGREE OY THE PROXII41TY OF THE GULF Sn~LAM, (EIHUR IES OF HI STOP.Y HAVE BEEN ENi\CTED ON THE SOILS OF TH Ic> COAST. THE SITES OF EVENTFUL HAPPENINGS HAVE BEEN IMPRINTED ALONG TfiE RIVERBANKS ON THE SANDS OF GUALE M~C llflOUND THE S1\V.~~:NAS. MANY OF THE~,E SITEc> IIAVE BEEN IJESIG~u.n:D At!O MARKED. TliEY CONSIST OF REMAINS OF INDIAN LIFE, RUINS OF OLD FORTS, MISSIONS AND SETTLEMENTS, RICE PLANTATIONS, BATTLEGROUNDS, AND NUMEROUS OTHER PHASES OF FORMER POLl TICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL LIFE. CoASTAL TERRACES: FoR THE Lf,ST FIFTY TO SIXTY MILES IN ITS F!EHL\T FfWtl THE FALL-LINE THE OCEAN HESITATED, /.ND CAUSED IHC FJI\t.~,\IION OF FIVE OR ~~ORE n:rm.r,cr::s. THE LOWEST A:~D f10ST R~CENT OF TllESE TERR~CES IS THE SATILLA TERRACE, WHOSE ELEVtTICN HAS DEEN ESTIMATED TO OE FRe.:l SEt, LEVEL TO SIXTY FEET ABOVE SE/' LEVEL, THE OTilEi' NAMED TERRACES, ~IH ICH OCCUR IN' t-10RE OR Le;s DEFINITE ORDER OF STEPS OR BENCHES, ARE THE PENHOLOWAY, OKEFENOKEE, COHARIE AND HAZLEHURST TERRACES. THE HIGHEST POINT ON THE LATTER HAS OEEN ESTitIATED TO BE 260 FEEL AMONG THE RECREATIONAL RESOURCES FURTHER INLAND ARE SITCS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST AND TRADITION, GAME, FISH AND PICNIC GROUNDS. THERE ARE MANY PLACES WHERE NATURE HAS CREATED HORTICULTURAL DISPLAYS. PLANTATICNS OF WILD AZALEAS, DOGWOOD, HOLLV, CASSINA BERRY, HEATii PLANTS +ND WATER LILIES HAVE ATTRACTED MANY BEAUTY LOVERS. "' THESE ARE SOMET I i'1ES !I.T LESS ACC::SS t{JLE PLACES, ALONG RIVEPBAN!~S, ItJ RIVER BOTTmiS, OR IN WOODED 1\RE,\S MIAY FROM HIGHWAYN fLANS SHOULD DE MADE TO INCLUDE SUCH SPOTS \ IN A RURAL PARKWAY SYSTEM./ OK~FENOKEE Sw~MP*: TillS NATURAL VIRGIN AREA OCCURS IN A BROAD SECTION OF THE TERRACE OF THE SAME NAME. IT IS THE LARGEST UNDRAINED FRESH WATER SWAMP IN THE UNITED STATES, AND OC CUPIES APPnOXIMATELY 700 SQUARE MILES NEAR THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF THE STATE. *REFE:R TO OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE. CHAPTER T H R E E 0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE GEORGIAS ExTENT: GEORGIA EMBRACES 58,725 SQUARE MILES OF AVERAGE TO GOOD FERTILE LAND WHICH EXTENDS FROM THE OCEAN, ACROSS BROAD WELL WATERED PLAINS AND VALLEYS, INTO PLA TEAUS AND PICTURESQUE RUGGED HIGHLANDS THIS COLORFUL STATE IS THE LARGEST EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER GEORGIA S AREA IS COMPACTLY SHAPED, AND SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN THE SUM OF THE AREAS OF NEW JERSEY, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. THE COMBINED AREA OF ALL SIX NEW ENGLAND STATES IS ONLY ABOUT ONE TWEN' ETH LARGER THAN GEORGIA GEORGIA S BOUNDARIES INCLOSE A VARIETY OF TOPOGRAPHY, SO ARRANGED FOR BEAUTY AND UTILITY AS TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR UNTOLD EFFECTIVE AND PROGRESSIVE PLANNiNG THE RAW MATERIALS ARE SEASHORE AND MOUNTAINS, VALLEvs AND PLAINS, PLATEAUS AND PEAKS, ISLANDS AND RIVERS. As STUDY OF GEORGIA S TOPOGRAPHY ADVANCES NORTH AND WEST FROM THE COASTAL AREA, IT WOULD SEEM THAT THE STATE WAS ORIGINALLY PLANNED BY AN ARCHITECT. To THOSE WHO LIVE IN GEORGIA, AND STUDV IT, SUCH A COMPARISON iS EASILY UNDERSTOOD GEORGIA IS A PIONEER S COUNTRY. HERE THE WORKS OF THE GREAT ARCHITECT HAVE NOT BEEN IRREPARABLY SPOILED BY SUCH LACK OF PLANNING AND FORESIGHTEDNESS AS HAS FALLEN THE LOT OF MORE THICKLY SETTLED AREAS, BECAUSE THE FIELD IS NEW AND THE CANVAS FRESH. SEACOAST: THE GEORGIA COAST WHERE THE EARLIEST WHITE SETTLERS MADE THEIR HOMES IS FIGUR ATIVELY THE. THRESHOLD OF THE STATE. 7 CHAPTER T H R E E 0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE GEORGIAS ExTENT: GEORGIA EMBRACES 58,725 SQUARE MILES OF AVERAGE TO GOOD FERTILE LAND WHICH EXTENDS FROM THE OCEAN, ACROSS BROAD WELL WATERED PLAINS AND VALLEYS, INTO PLA TEAUS AND PICTURESQUE RUGGED HIGHLANDS THIS COLORFUL STATE IS THE LARGEST EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER GEORGIA S AREA IS COMPACTLY SHAPED, AND SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN THE SUM OF THE AREAS OF NEW JERSEY, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. THE COMBINED AREA OF ALL SIX NEW ENGLAND STATES IS ONLY ABOUT ONE TWEN' ETH LARGER THAN GEORGIA GEORGIA S BOUNDARIES INCLOSE A VARIETY OF TOPOGRAPHY, SO ARRANGED FOR BEAUTY AND UTILITY AS TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR UNTOLD EFFECTIVE AND PROGRESSIVE PLANNiNG THE RAW MATERIALS ARE SEASHORE AND MOUNTAINS, VALLEvs AND PLAINS, PLATEAUS AND PEAKS, ISLANDS AND RIVERS. As STUDY OF GEORGIA S TOPOGRAPHY ADVANCES NORTH AND WEST FROM THE COASTAL AREA, IT WOULD SEEM THAT THE STATE WAS ORIGINALLY PLANNED BY AN ARCHITECT. To THOSE WHO LIVE IN GEORGIA, AND STUDV IT, SUCH A COMPARISON iS EASILY UNDERSTOOD GEORGIA IS A PIONEER S COUNTRY. HERE THE WORKS OF THE GREAT ARCHITECT HAVE NOT BEEN IRREPARABLY SPOILED BY SUCH LACK OF PLANNING AND FORESIGHTEDNESS AS HAS FALLEN THE LOT OF MORE THICKLY SETTLED AREAS, BECAUSE THE FIELD IS NEW AND THE CANVAS FRESH. SEACOAST: THE GEORGIA COAST WHERE THE EARLIEST WHITE SETTLERS MADE THEIR HOMES IS FIGUR ATIVELY THE. THRESHOLD OF THE STATE. 7 SE:A ISLAND A CoASTAL RESORT RADIUM SPRINGS A RBoRT 1N SouT!; GEORGIA GOLF-ING SAINT SIMON ISLAND SE:A ISLAND A CoASTAL RESORT RADIUM SPRINGS A RBoRT 1N SouT!; GEORGIA GOLF-ING SAINT SIMON ISLAND iSOLA TED FPOM TH 1 S f')!:!~ _UPLA@: THIS LARGE AREA, WHICH EXTENDS TO THE FALL-LINE HILLS, MAY APTLY BE TERMED THE FIRST FLOOr OF OUR DOMICILE,THE STATE OF GEORGIA. IT IS A LIVING PORTION OF THIS H~ME LIKE STATE FOR A LARGE RURAL AGRICULTURAL POPULATION. BECAUSE OF ITS UTILITY AS A POTENTIAL STOCK FARM,ORCHARD AND VEGETABLE GARDEN OF THE STATE,MANY OF ITS REC REATIONAL RESOURCES HAVE BEEN UNDERESTIMATED, AND NOT FULLY INVENTORIED. NAVIGABLE STRETCHES OF RIVERS FLOW THROUGH THIS AREA, AND BROAD EXPANSES OF ROLLING FARM LANDS AND FORESTS PROVIDE ITS SCENIC THEME. IN THIS SECTION IT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT THE LONGER TRIBUTARIES OF PRINCIPAL RIVERS, NAMELY THE FLINT,0CMULGEE AND OCONEE RIVERS,ARE ON THE WESTERN SIDE OF RIVER BASINS. THE WATERSilEDS BETWEEN THESE BASINS ARE FAIRLY STRAIGHT,AND ARE ELEVATED ABOVE THE ADJACENT RIVER BEDS 200 TO 300 FEET. THE FALL LINE WAS THE COAST OF GEORGIA MANY YEARS AGO. THE STRIP OF LAND SO DESIGNATED HAS BEEN DETERMINED LARGELY BY RECONNAISANCE AND GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH,AND IT ---GENERALLY EXTENDS FROM COLUMBUS, EAST THROUGH MACON, MILLEDGEVILLE AND AUGUSTA. AFTER COMING "UP-STAIRS" FROM THE FALL-LINE HILLS, TliE SECOND STORY OF OUR STRUCTURE IS REACHED- THIS SECTION HAS MANY RAMIFIC/,TIONS,WHICH ARE IMPORTANT AND SIGNIF !CANT TO GEORGIA TOPOGRAPHY. THE GREAT ARCHITECT MAY DE SAID TO HAVE BUILT DORMERS, . GABLES, SPIRES, AND MANY OTHER WORKS OF HIS ART,TC ADORN THIS PART OF THE STATE. 0NL Y A FEW Ml LES NORTHEAST OF COLUMBUS ARE THE UNUSUAL AIJD DISTINCTIVE RANGES oF PINE MouNTAIN AND OAK MouNTAIN NEAR MONROE AND LINCOLNTON, THERE ALSO APPEAR SMALL MOUtHAINS IN THE TERRAIN . THIS AND OTilER FACTORS HAVE LED SDr~E GEOGRAPHE:?S TO TERM THIS AREA TIE "CENTRAL UPLAND" ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF PINE MOUNTAIN IS WARM SPRINGS. MANY WARM SPRINGS iN -i / THIS VICINITY ARE PARTLY A RESULT OF AND PARTLY THE CAUSE OF UNUSUAL GEOLOGICAL FOR W,T IONS THIS SECTION FOR SEVERAL MILES NORTH IS KNOWN AS THE GREENVILLE PLATEAU. GRADUAL~Y THE ROLLING LAND BECOMES MORE liiLLY TOWARD ATLANTA, WHICH IS LOCATED ON THE WATERSHED OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE AND SOUTH RIVERS, THE LATTER BEING ONE OF THE HEADWATER TRIBUTARIES OF THE FLINT RIVER. ACROSS THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM ATLANTA IS AN EQUALLY HIGH BROAD RIDGE. THIS RIDGE WIDENS FURTHER WEST, AND INCREASES IN ELEVATION TO FORM THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAND. THIS SECTION IS DOTTED WITH SMALL HILLS. t STARTING A FEW ~ILES WEST OF THE TALLULAH MOUNTAINS, AND EXTENDING SOUTH BY WEST TO THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAIJD TllERE ARE A STRING OF MONADNOCKS. THESE MONADNOCKS ARE HILLS OR SMALL MOUNTAINS, FORMED OF ROCKS, WHICH ARE MORE RESISTANT TO EROSION THAN THE SURROUNDING PLAIN, AND THEREFORE STAtiO ABOVE THE SURROUI~D ING PLAIN. AMONG THES:: ~nE YoNAH, PINK, SuWANEE, SwEAT AND THE TwiN PEAKS OF HISTORIC KENNESAW MouNTAIN 9 ~TAU>')!:!~ _UPLA@: THIS LARGE AREA, WHICH EXTENDS TO THE FALL-LINE HILLS, MAY APTLY BE TERMED THE FIRST FLOOr OF OUR DOMICILE,THE STATE OF GEORGIA. IT IS A LIVING PORTION OF THIS H~ME LIKE STATE FOR A LARGE RURAL AGRICULTURAL POPULATION. BECAUSE OF ITS UTILITY AS A POTENTIAL STOCK FARM,ORCHARD AND VEGETABLE GARDEN OF THE STATE,MANY OF ITS REC REATIONAL RESOURCES HAVE BEEN UNDERESTIMATED, AND NOT FULLY INVENTORIED. NAVIGABLE STRETCHES OF RIVERS FLOW THROUGH THIS AREA, AND BROAD EXPANSES OF ROLLING FARM LANDS AND FORESTS PROVIDE ITS SCENIC THEME. IN THIS SECTION IT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT THE LONGER TRIBUTARIES OF PRINCIPAL RIVERS, NAMELY THE FLINT,0CMULGEE AND OCONEE RIVERS,ARE ON THE WESTERN SIDE OF RIVER BASINS. THE WATERSilEDS BETWEEN THESE BASINS ARE FAIRLY STRAIGHT,AND ARE ELEVATED ABOVE THE ADJACENT RIVER BEDS 200 TO 300 FEET. THE FALL LINE WAS THE COAST OF GEORGIA MANY YEARS AGO. THE STRIP OF LAND SO DESIGNATED HAS BEEN DETERMINED LARGELY BY RECONNAISANCE AND GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH,AND IT ---GENERALLY EXTENDS FROM COLUMBUS, EAST THROUGH MACON, MILLEDGEVILLE AND AUGUSTA. AFTER COMING "UP-STAIRS" FROM THE FALL-LINE HILLS, TliE SECOND STORY OF OUR STRUCTURE IS REACHED- THIS SECTION HAS MANY RAMIFIC/,TIONS,WHICH ARE IMPORTANT AND SIGNIF !CANT TO GEORGIA TOPOGRAPHY. THE GREAT ARCHITECT MAY DE SAID TO HAVE BUILT DORMERS, . GABLES, SPIRES, AND MANY OTHER WORKS OF HIS ART,TC ADORN THIS PART OF THE STATE. 0NL Y A FEW Ml LES NORTHEAST OF COLUMBUS ARE THE UNUSUAL AIJD DISTINCTIVE RANGES oF PINE MouNTAIN AND OAK MouNTAIN NEAR MONROE AND LINCOLNTON, THERE ALSO APPEAR SMALL MOUtHAINS IN THE TERRAIN . THIS AND OTilER FACTORS HAVE LED SDr~E GEOGRAPHE:?S TO TERM THIS AREA TIE "CENTRAL UPLAND" ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF PINE MOUNTAIN IS WARM SPRINGS. MANY WARM SPRINGS iN -i / THIS VICINITY ARE PARTLY A RESULT OF AND PARTLY THE CAUSE OF UNUSUAL GEOLOGICAL FOR W,T IONS THIS SECTION FOR SEVERAL MILES NORTH IS KNOWN AS THE GREENVILLE PLATEAU. GRADUAL~Y THE ROLLING LAND BECOMES MORE liiLLY TOWARD ATLANTA, WHICH IS LOCATED ON THE WATERSHED OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE AND SOUTH RIVERS, THE LATTER BEING ONE OF THE HEADWATER TRIBUTARIES OF THE FLINT RIVER. ACROSS THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM ATLANTA IS AN EQUALLY HIGH BROAD RIDGE. THIS RIDGE WIDENS FURTHER WEST, AND INCREASES IN ELEVATION TO FORM THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAND. THIS SECTION IS DOTTED WITH SMALL HILLS. t STARTING A FEW ~ILES WEST OF THE TALLULAH MOUNTAINS, AND EXTENDING SOUTH BY WEST TO THE TALLAPOOSA UPLAIJD TllERE ARE A STRING OF MONADNOCKS. THESE MONADNOCKS ARE HILLS OR SMALL MOUNTAINS, FORMED OF ROCKS, WHICH ARE MORE RESISTANT TO EROSION THAN THE SURROUNDING PLAIN, AND THEREFORE STAtiO ABOVE THE SURROUI~D ING PLAIN. AMONG THES:: ~nE YoNAH, PINK, SuWANEE, SwEAT AND THE TwiN PEAKS OF HISTORIC KENNESAW MouNTAIN 9 'i I I I THE GOLD DEPOSITS OF NORTH GEORGIA PLAYED A VITAL PART WHEN THAT SECTION OF THE STATE WAS TAKEN FROM THE INDIANS. THEY WERE OF SUFFICIENT IMPORTANCE TO JUSTIFY THE EST,\OLISHMENT, IN 1838, OF A BRANCH OF THE U.S. MINT, AT DAHLONEGA. THIS BRANCH MINT WAS OPERATED UNTIL THE CIVIL WAR. THE IRON MINES AND FURNACES OF NORTH- WEST GEORGIA SUPPLIED THE CONFEDERATE MUNITIONS PLANTS AT ATLANTA, AND WAS ONE OF THE CAUSES FOR GENERAL SHERMAN'S CAMPAIGN FR014 CHATTANOOGA TO ATLANTA. HOWEVER, GEORGIA"S METALLIC MltJER~,L INDUSTRIES ARE NOW OF MINOR IMPORTANCE. THE STATE HAS BECOME THE LARGEST PRODUCER OF KAOLIN t.ND FULLER 1 S EARTH, AND R/,NKS SECOND IN THE PRODUCTION OF MARBLE AND MONUMENTAL GRANITE. BECAUSE GEORGIA IS RICH IN GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES, THERE EXISTS IN THE STATE MANY RECREATIONAL AREAS IN THE SCIENTIFIC CLASS UNDER THE SUB-HEADING OF "SPECIAL GEOLOGICAL VALUES." ~ THE SOILS OF GEORG I A A.RE FAVORABLE IN TYPE AND TEXTURE TO RECRE/1 T I ONAL DEVELOP ME:'JL COMBINED WITH EXCELLENT CLI!MTIC CONDITIONS, THE SOILS MAKE POSSIBLE THE GROWTH OF MANY SPECIES OF TREES, SHRUBS, FLOWERS, AND BULBS, WHEeEOY THE LANDSCAPE OF ANY SECTION OF THE STATE MAY BE EASILY AND NATURALLY IMPROVED TO SIMULATE FLORAL CONDITIONS OF MAXIMUM BEAUTY. SUCH DESIGN SHOULD NOT BE CONFUSED WITH BEAUT!FICATION AND DECORATIVE WORK. SOILS OF THE STATE GENERALLY LEND THEMSELVES TO EASY CULTIVATION AND RESPOND QUICKLY TO FERTILIZER. THE STATE DOES NOT CONTAIN THE !lEAVY MUCI< SOILS, WHICH WOULD BE A DRAWBACK TO THEIR USE IN THE MODERATE TEMPERATURE OF THE STATE. IN THOSE SECTIONS, WHERE SHEET EROSION HAS REMOVED LARGE QUANTITIES OF TOP SOIL, CONDI TIONS ARE ADVERSE TO REJUVENAT\,ON OF WORN-OUT LAND. IN SECTIONS OF THE PIEDMONT PLATEAU, THE TOP SOIL IS VERY DEEP, AND MANY TYPES OF IT HAVE A DECIDED REDDISH CAST, WHICH SHOULD NOT CAUSE IT TO BE CONFUSED WITH SUB-SOIL. ~~JER RESOURCES: WATER, AND ITS USES FOR RECREATION, IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEI-1ENT TO BE CONSID- ERED IN OUT--DOOR RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. ANY AREA, DESIGNATED FOR SUCH DEVELOPMENT, SHOULD CONTAIN NATURAL WATER FEATURES. ''-)-THE RIVERS,ESPECIALLY BELOW THE FAL:L-LINE,ARE SUBJECT TO SO MUCH FLUCTUATION IN FLOW AND SEDIMENTATION, THAT THEIR USE FOR RECREATIONAL PURPOSES IS LIMITED. :oNSIDERATION IS BEING GIVEN TO THESE ADVERSE FACTORS IN THE CONTINUING STUDY OF WATER RESOURCES OF GEORGIA BY THE STATE PLANNING BOARD IN COOPER/,TION WITH THE '12 ~IAWASSEE STILL FURTHER EAST IS THE TALLULAH RIVER AND GORGE, WHICii FEEDS 0U~TO~ ~ESERVOIR, NESTLING IN THE CENTER OF HIGH PEAKS. FARTHER EAST IS RABUN GAP AND CLAYTON, GEORGIA. MOUNTAINS TOWERING OVER 4,000 FEET ARE ON EVERY SIDE. TURNING SOUTH THROUGH RABUN GAP, THE NEXT FEATURE OF TOPOGRAPHY IS TALLULAH FALLS IN THE TALLULAH RIVER, WHICH IS BORDERED ON THE SOUTH AND WEST BY THE TALLULAH MOUNTAINS, OTIER MouNTAINS: LOOKOUT MoUNTAIN, THE MAJOR PORTION OF WHICH LIES IN GEORGIA, AND PINE MoUN- TAIN ARE bUTSTANDING MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF CONSIDERABLE RECREATIONAL VALUE TO THE STATE. LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN OCCUPIES A LARGE PORTION OF DADE COUNTY IN THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF GEORGIA. TI~E NATIONAL MILITARY PARI< IS LOCATED ON THE TIP OF THE RIDGE, WHICH EXTENDS ACROSS THE GEORGIA LINE INTO TENNESSEE NEAR CHATTANOOGA. DEVELOPMENT OF THAT PART OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, NOW AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC RECREATIONAL USE, IS EXTENDING ACROSS THE TENNESSEE LINE INTO GEORGIA. TIE FAME OF PI~E MOUNTAIN, WITH ITS WARM SPRINGS, HAS SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. IT IS THE VACATION HOt-1E OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, WHOSE INTEREST IN THE WARM SPRINGS FOUNDATION FOR TREATMENT OF PARALYSIS SUFFERERS liAS CAUSED THE AREA TO BECOME WIDELY KNOWN. PINE MOUNTAIN STATE PARK IS AN ADDED COMPLEMENT TO THE RECREA TIONAL VALUE OF THIS AREA. STONE MOUNTAIN, A FEW MILES EAST OF ATLANTA, AND KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, NORTii OF MARIETTA, ARE SMALL MOUNTAINS, OR MONADNOCKS, WHOSE ISOLATED OR UNIQUE CHARACTERiS V TICS HAVE RESULTED IN RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DESERVING GRE:AlER ATTENTION AND ADDED IMPROVEMENT, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE OF THEIR PROXIMITY TO ATLANTA, WHICH HAS A DEARTH OF RECREATIONAL AREAS lN ITS ENVIRONS. RECREATIONAL RESOURCES GEOLOGY: THE GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF THE POTENTIAL RECREATIONAL RE SOURCES OF THE STATE. GEORG I A S GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS RANGE IN AGE FROM THE OLDEST ROCKS TO THE ~10s RECENT SEDIMENTS, AND CONTAIN A WIDE VARIETY OF MINERALS, SOME FORTY OF WHICH ARE )F COM1,1ERCIAL VALUE. THE MII~ING OF THESE MINERALS BECAME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT OURlNG THE PAST CENTURY. 11 ~IAWASSEE STILL FURTHER EAST IS THE TALLULAH RIVER AND GORGE, WHICii FEEDS 0U~TO~ ~ESERVOIR, NESTLING IN THE CENTER OF HIGH PEAKS. FARTHER EAST IS RABUN GAP AND CLAYTON, GEORGIA. MOUNTAINS TOWERING OVER 4,000 FEET ARE ON EVERY SIDE. TURNING SOUTH THROUGH RABUN GAP, THE NEXT FEATURE OF TOPOGRAPHY IS TALLULAH FALLS IN THE TALLULAH RIVER, WHICH IS BORDERED ON THE SOUTH AND WEST BY THE TALLULAH MOUNTAINS, OTIER MouNTAINS: LOOKOUT MoUNTAIN, THE MAJOR PORTION OF WHICH LIES IN GEORGIA, AND PINE MoUN- TAIN ARE bUTSTANDING MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF CONSIDERABLE RECREATIONAL VALUE TO THE STATE. LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN OCCUPIES A LARGE PORTION OF DADE COUNTY IN THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF GEORGIA. TI~E NATIONAL MILITARY PARI< IS LOCATED ON THE TIP OF THE RIDGE, WHICH EXTENDS ACROSS THE GEORGIA LINE INTO TENNESSEE NEAR CHATTANOOGA. DEVELOPMENT OF THAT PART OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, NOW AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC RECREATIONAL USE, IS EXTENDING ACROSS THE TENNESSEE LINE INTO GEORGIA. TIE FAME OF PI~E MOUNTAIN, WITH ITS WARM SPRINGS, HAS SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. IT IS THE VACATION HOt-1E OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, WHOSE INTEREST IN THE WARM SPRINGS FOUNDATION FOR TREATMENT OF PARALYSIS SUFFERERS liAS CAUSED THE AREA TO BECOME WIDELY KNOWN. PINE MOUNTAIN STATE PARK IS AN ADDED COMPLEMENT TO THE RECREA TIONAL VALUE OF THIS AREA. STONE MOUNTAIN, A FEW MILES EAST OF ATLANTA, AND KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, NORTii OF MARIETTA, ARE SMALL MOUNTAINS, OR MONADNOCKS, WHOSE ISOLATED OR UNIQUE CHARACTERiS V TICS HAVE RESULTED IN RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DESERVING GRE:AlER ATTENTION AND ADDED IMPROVEMENT, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE OF THEIR PROXIMITY TO ATLANTA, WHICH HAS A DEARTH OF RECREATIONAL AREAS lN ITS ENVIRONS. RECREATIONAL RESOURCES GEOLOGY: THE GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF THE POTENTIAL RECREATIONAL RE SOURCES OF THE STATE. GEORG I A S GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS RANGE IN AGE FROM THE OLDEST ROCKS TO THE ~10s RECENT SEDIMENTS, AND CONTAIN A WIDE VARIETY OF MINERALS, SOME FORTY OF WHICH ARE )F COM1,1ERCIAL VALUE. THE MII~ING OF THESE MINERALS BECAME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT OURlNG THE PAST CENTURY. 11 'i CROP YIELD COMPARED WITH LAND CLASSIFICATION 1934 GEORGIA- LAND CLASSIFICATION LEGEND AREAS UNSUITD FOR FORESTRY, GRAZING OR CULTIVATION, GENERALLY. AREA.! UNSUITE:D F'OA CROPPING; SUT ADAPTED TO FORE.STRV AND GRAZING. FAIR fARM LAND AR[AS. GOOD FARM LAND AREAS. BEST FARM LAND AREAS. URBAN ARAS N ~ CROP YIELD LEGEND BASED ON PRODUCTION OF' 30 PRINCIPAL CROPS IN 1934. INDICE IS YIELD PER ACRE EQUATED PROPORTIONATELY BY HARVESTED ACREAGES AND LAND AREAS. SOURCE OF' DATA: RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION (U.S.) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CROP YIELD LEGEND D BELOW AVERAGE YIELD --:E:::-:L:-INOICE~50 D- - - - ! N O I C = 1 0 0 ABOVE AVERAGE YIELD --:;=--INOICEI50 AVERAGE INOICE= '5 10 0 10 20 30 40 $CALE IN loiiLES STATE PLANNING BOARD lt38 W.P.A. OF' GAO.P. 485-34-3-273 CROP YIELD COMPARED WITH LAND CLASSIFICATION 1934 GEORGIA- LAND CLASSIFICATION LEGEND AREAS UNSUITD FOR FORESTRY, GRAZING OR CULTIVATION, GENERALLY. AREA.! UNSUITE:D F'OA CROPPING; SUT ADAPTED TO FORE.STRV AND GRAZING. FAIR fARM LAND AR[AS. GOOD FARM LAND AREAS. BEST FARM LAND AREAS. URBAN ARAS N ~ CROP YIELD LEGEND BASED ON PRODUCTION OF' 30 PRINCIPAL CROPS IN 1934. INDICE IS YIELD PER ACRE EQUATED PROPORTIONATELY BY HARVESTED ACREAGES AND LAND AREAS. SOURCE OF' DATA: RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION (U.S.) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CROP YIELD LEGEND D BELOW AVERAGE YIELD --:E:::-:L:-INOICE~50 D- - - - ! N O I C = 1 0 0 ABOVE AVERAGE YIELD --:;=--INOICEI50 AVERAGE INOICE= '5 10 0 10 20 30 40 $CALE IN loiiLES STATE PLANNING BOARD lt38 W.P.A. OF' GAO.P. 485-34-3-273 I THE AVERAGE JULY TEMPERATURE OF SIX OF THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED SECTIONS OF GEORGIA (ITS SIX LARGEST CITIES) IS ABOUT 81 FAHRENHEIT. THE AVERAGE JULY TEMPER ATURE OF FIVE AREAS LOCATED IN TilE MOST DENSELY POPULATED SECTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES IN HIGH LATITUDE IS ABOUT 73 F. THE DIFFERENCE IS ONLY 8, HOWEVER, THE DIFFERENCE IN AVERAGE JANUARY TEMPERATURES, USING THE SAME BAS IS OF Cot1PAR I SON, IS OVER 20o ALTHOUGH FROST IS NOT UNKNOWN IN GEORGIA, IT IS SIGNIFICANT THAT IN THE NORTH ERN SECTION THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 170 GROWING DAYS, BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DATES OF THE LAST KILLING FROST IN THE SPRING AND THE FIRST KILLING FROST IN THE AUTUMN. THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 295 GROWING DAYS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN CORNER OF GEORGIA, NEAR THE SOUTHERN TIP OF CUMBERLAND ISLAND. 1~HUS, THE PEOPLE OF GEORG IA FIND REPRESENTED j; WITHIN THE CONFINES OF THE STATE, A VARIETY OF CLIMATE RANGING FROM BRISK, KEEN MOUN- , TAIN AIR TO WARM, FRESH SEA AIR. NORMAL ANNUAL RAINFALL IN THE STATE IS ABOUT 53 INCHESo THIS VARIES FROM 70 INCHES IN EXCEEDINGLY VIET YEARS TO 40 INCHES IN OCCASIONAL DRIER YEARS. RAINFALL IN THE MOUNTAINOUS SECTIONS OF THE STATE, SPECIFICALLY IN THE CENTER OF THE BLUE RIDGE MoUNTAINS IN THE NORTHEASTERN PART, IS IWR11ALLY 70 INCHES PER YEAR AND GENERALLY ABOUT 66 INCHES THROUGHOUT THE HIGHLANDS. IN THIS SECTION IT HAS BEEN AS HIGH AS 87 INCHES IN WET YEARS. Tr~ STATE GENERALLY HAS ABUNDANT RAINFALL THROUGHOUT ITS ENTIRE AREA. THE MONTHS OF OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER ARE USUALLY DRIER THAN OTHER MONTHS WHICH MAKES THIS SEASON OF THE YEAR, DURING WHICH RECREATION ACTIVITIES OF MANY KINDS REACH THEIR ZENITH, EXTREMELY DELIGHTFUL IN EVERY SECTION OF THE STATL OF PARTICULAR ADVANTAGE TO THE COASTAL REGICNS IS THE FACT THAT RAINFALL OUR lNG EACH OF THE WARM SUMMER MONTHS OF JUNE, JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, IS GENER ALLY TWICE THAT OF THE COOLER MONTHS OF THE YEAR. COOLING SHOWERS AT COASTAL RE-": SORTS OUR ING THE SUMt.tER MONTHS, AIOED BY OCEAN BREEZES MAKE THIS SECT ION A YEAR ROUND PLAYGROUND. VARIOUS RESORTS IN THE STATE, SUCH AS AUGUSTA, INDIAN SPRINGS, WARM SPRINGS, THOMASVILLE, TYBEE ISLAND 1 8RUNSW ICK AND THE SEA ISLAIJDS, HAVE BECOME RENOWNED FOR THEIR PLEASANT YEAR-ROUND CLIMATE. FAUNA: THE VARIED TOPOGRAPH~ AND MODERATE CLIMATE OF GEORGIA CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUP- ~oRT OF MANY SPECIES OF ANIMAL, FISH AND BIRD LIFE. 14 ,_J NATIONAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE AND OTIR STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES. ALL IMPROVE MENTS TO WATER RESOURCES HAVE A DIRECT BEARING UPON UTILIZATION FOR RECREATION.- REFORESTATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION THROUGHOUT THE STATE WILL RESULT IN PREVENTING 'FLOODS, REGULATING FLOW, AND MINIMIZING SILTATION IN RIVERS, THEREBY IMPROVING THE POTENTIALITIES OF RIVERS FOR RECREATIONAL USE LIKEWISE THE CONSTRUCTION OF ADDI .I TIONAL STORAGE DAMS AND HYDRO~ELECTRIC POWER RESERVOIRS, WILL ADD TO THE AMOUNT OF WATER AREA AVAILABLE FOR RECREATION -,, ~GEORGIA IS GENERALLY DEFICIENT IN NATURAL LAKES AND PONDS. ARTIFICAL LAKES HAVE AUGUMENTED THIS DEFICIENCY IN THE MOUNTAINS TO A CONSIDERABLE DEGREE. HYDRO ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENTS NEAR JACKSON AND WEST POINT, PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EXTENSIVE RECREATIONAL USE, THE HIGHLANDS HAVE MANY BEAUTIFUL WATERFALLS. AMICA LOLA FALLS, ONE OF THE tlOST SPECTACULAR OF THESE, HAS NOT YET BEEN MADE ACCESSIBLE FOR PUBLIC USE TO THE EXTENT, WHICH ITS SIZE AND BEAUTIES DESERVE. OVER 50 MILES OF OCEAN BEACH ON GEORGIA'S SEACOAST, MOSTLY LOCATED ON THE ,_ 'l -~ OCEAN 51 DE OF THE SEA ISLANDS, REMAIN A TREMENDOUS UNDEVELOPED RECREATIONAL RESOURCE. -THE CHIEF PROBLEMS IN EXTENDING THE USE OF THESE BEACH AREAS ARE: (1) CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES TO MAKE THEM ACCESSIBLE. (2) CONTROL OF BEACH EROSION, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY HEAVY, DUE TO STRONG NORTHWARD CURRENTS ALONG THE GEORGIA COAST, OCCASIONAL DAMAGING STORMS, AND THE EBB AND FLOW OF TIDE IN THE NUMEROUS ESTUARIES AND TIDAL RIVERS. (3) CONTROL OF POLLUTION AND DISCOLORATION OF WATER NEAR THE MOUTHS OF LARGER RIVERS, PARTICULARLY THE SAVANNAH AND ALTAMAHA. (4) ACQUISITION PROBLEMS DUE TO THE VERY LARGE PROPORTION OF THE BEACH AREAS NOW UNDER PRIVATE OWNERSHIP. A GOOD SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER IS OBTAINABLE IN ALMOST ANY LOCATION, THE FEW EXCEPTIONS BEING ON HIGH RIDGES OF WATERSHEDS. ARTESIAN WATER RESOURCES ARE PARliC ULARLY AVAILABLE IN THE COASTAL PLAIN, AND SURFACE WATER ABOVE THE FALL-LINE. THERE ARE NUMEROUS SPRINGS THROUGHOUT THE STATE, MANY OF WHICH HAVE VARIED MINERAL QUALI TIES, AND HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED EITHER BY PRIVATE INTERESTS _OR ARE INCLUDED IN EXIST I tJG AND POTENTIAL STATE RECREATIONAL AREAS. CL I t'ATE: GEORG1A ENJOYS A CLIMAT~ THE YEAR AROUND INDUCIVE TO ACTIVE RECREATION TllROUGH- OUT THE STATE . , " 13 ,_J NATIONAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE AND OTIR STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES. ALL IMPROVE MENTS TO WATER RESOURCES HAVE A DIRECT BEARING UPON UTILIZATION FOR RECREATION.- REFORESTATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION THROUGHOUT THE STATE WILL RESULT IN PREVENTING 'FLOODS, REGULATING FLOW, AND MINIMIZING SILTATION IN RIVERS, THEREBY IMPROVING THE POTENTIALITIES OF RIVERS FOR RECREATIONAL USE LIKEWISE THE CONSTRUCTION OF ADDI .I TIONAL STORAGE DAMS AND HYDRO~ELECTRIC POWER RESERVOIRS, WILL ADD TO THE AMOUNT OF WATER AREA AVAILABLE FOR RECREATION -,, ~GEORGIA IS GENERALLY DEFICIENT IN NATURAL LAKES AND PONDS. ARTIFICAL LAKES HAVE AUGUMENTED THIS DEFICIENCY IN THE MOUNTAINS TO A CONSIDERABLE DEGREE. HYDRO ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENTS NEAR JACKSON AND WEST POINT, PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EXTENSIVE RECREATIONAL USE, THE HIGHLANDS HAVE MANY BEAUTIFUL WATERFALLS. AMICA LOLA FALLS, ONE OF THE tlOST SPECTACULAR OF THESE, HAS NOT YET BEEN MADE ACCESSIBLE FOR PUBLIC USE TO THE EXTENT, WHICH ITS SIZE AND BEAUTIES DESERVE. OVER 50 MILES OF OCEAN BEACH ON GEORGIA'S SEACOAST, MOSTLY LOCATED ON THE ,_ 'l -~ OCEAN 51 DE OF THE SEA ISLANDS, REMAIN A TREMENDOUS UNDEVELOPED RECREATIONAL RESOURCE. -THE CHIEF PROBLEMS IN EXTENDING THE USE OF THESE BEACH AREAS ARE: (1) CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES TO MAKE THEM ACCESSIBLE. (2) CONTROL OF BEACH EROSION, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY HEAVY, DUE TO STRONG NORTHWARD CURRENTS ALONG THE GEORGIA COAST, OCCASIONAL DAMAGING STORMS, AND THE EBB AND FLOW OF TIDE IN THE NUMEROUS ESTUARIES AND TIDAL RIVERS. (3) CONTROL OF POLLUTION AND DISCOLORATION OF WATER NEAR THE MOUTHS OF LARGER RIVERS, PARTICULARLY THE SAVANNAH AND ALTAMAHA. (4) ACQUISITION PROBLEMS DUE TO THE VERY LARGE PROPORTION OF THE BEACH AREAS NOW UNDER PRIVATE OWNERSHIP. A GOOD SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER IS OBTAINABLE IN ALMOST ANY LOCATION, THE FEW EXCEPTIONS BEING ON HIGH RIDGES OF WATERSHEDS. ARTESIAN WATER RESOURCES ARE PARliC ULARLY AVAILABLE IN THE COASTAL PLAIN, AND SURFACE WATER ABOVE THE FALL-LINE. THERE ARE NUMEROUS SPRINGS THROUGHOUT THE STATE, MANY OF WHICH HAVE VARIED MINERAL QUALI TIES, AND HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED EITHER BY PRIVATE INTERESTS _OR ARE INCLUDED IN EXIST I tJG AND POTENTIAL STATE RECREATIONAL AREAS. CL I t'ATE: GEORG1A ENJOYS A CLIMAT~ THE YEAR AROUND INDUCIVE TO ACTIVE RECREATION TllROUGH- OUT THE STATE . , " 13 ') GEORGIA CLIMATE N t AVERAGE TEMPERATURES DEGREES FAHRENHEIT MONTHs!! ~~~TEE HiGHLAND VALLEY PIEDMONT MIDLAND u:~:~~ ~~:~:~~ B~~~D ~~==c~-~~-~="9F===t==9====jf===~==~9~~~ ,JAN... 46.3 40.3 42.0 42.6 45.7 48.9 52.2 52.7 _________ -~,:e;e.- 4-7-.-8+4-2-.-,+4-3-:-.-I-+-4-4-.2-:-+.,-4-6-.9-+-=-5-:-0-,.7-I-5::-3=-.-=-g--l-5-3-.-16 _c~~--+----1-~~-----t----+----~~~ MAR. 55.6 48.8 52.5) 52.6 55.0 58.9 60.9 61.3 APRIL 62.6 51. I 59.5 60.3 62.5 65.4 67.0 66.7 MAY 70.6 64.7 68.7 68.6 70.9 73.4 74.1 74.0 JUNE '77.i JULY 79.1 71.5 75.7 75.6 77.6 79.5 8oo;~ 74.3 78.1 77.9 79.8 81.1 81.~ 81.0 AUG. 78.6 73.5 77.5 77.0 79.0 80.7 81.3 81.2 SEPT. 74.5 69.2 72.6 72.5 74.6 76.7 77.8 77.8 -S.BA OCT. 64.0 58.1 61 .4 6 1.6 63.5 -66.3 68.8 NOV. 54-.-2-+-4-7::--.9-+-5-0-.4--+-,5-I-.-2+5-3-:-.-3+-,.5-6c_.4-+-::5..:.8..:..6--+-6:..0:....:.0-l J--D-E_C_.--*_4_6-.-9-if-41.6 42.6 43.7 45.7 49.5 52.4 53.2-~ ANNUALI[63.1 57.4 60.4 60.7 62.9 65.5 67.3 67.5 KEY MAP AVERAGE RAINFALL INCHES 1--8 'i~~~~~ DEC. I JAN. I FEB. I MAR-IAPRILI MAY I JUNE I JULY I AUG. I SEPT.I ocT. I NOV. I DEc. I JAN. I" ' ~~~}:~~ INCHES --a- r--7 v \ .. ..... ... 1--6- /65.62/ , \ \ "- !i. .... ,. ... ., I -5\ /50.75/ .... 4 \ ~/ -- -4- /48.63/ - ... /50.18/ ... ....... 'r0. -- .. 1--3-~- 1'-o.. / .~..," . . . . . ~!!::.~ ' ~-... ,,,, '" ;',;- / I y~ : ...~"'++'+J.~"\ ~- ~ \ r-...__ ,/' "' ,:+~ ...++" :'11.1Ll&.IC""' r--t.. \ +~ \ ! / ----?{ I I j I ~.~\\ \'\+\ ... 'lf.J'lt'll.~ ... .,/ + ...... ++"" ...... i:--+ ,, uuunlu _~ , : / , -t~JC',v~ &.'~"' ~ y.,.. nrrr ,,,,,, 1111111 ,,,,, ~ \ ~ . .... ~ I .,.-.._. .....p . I1.,.-o.r+I ~J,.t l ..' ~. +-t-t.. ~ Itt"" ...,._.......+ l 0 ...:,, '' ,,, ........ !-..... ~-- r--2 .. 7 - /65.62/ - 6 - -5/50.75/ 148.631 - 4 150.18/ 149.93/ - 3 - 2- r- I INCHES /52.66/ ANNUAL TOTALS STATE-WIDE J J 4.48 4.29 4.88 1 5.14 13.86 1 3.79 1 4.79 1 5.81 1 5.47 1 4.17 1 3.1o 1 2.88 14.48 1 4.29 III I I II I I DEC. I JAN., FEB., MAR.,APRILI MAY I JUNE I JULY I AUG., SEPT., OCT. NOV., DEC., JAN. /52.66/ ANNUAL TOTALS 1- INCHES SOURCE OF DATA, UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU CLIMATIC SUMMARY- 1930 GEOLOGICI'.L SURVEY OF GEORGIA -----............ ....---............ '""-"""""""""" LEGEND HIGHLANDS VALLEY-PIEDMONT-MIDLAND ALTAMAHA UPLAND t:OASTAL TERRACES SEABOARD STATE PLANNING BOARD 1939 W.P.A OF GA-:-OP.-865-34-3-59 ') GEORGIA CLIMATE N t AVERAGE TEMPERATURES DEGREES FAHRENHEIT MONTHs!! ~~~TEE HiGHLAND VALLEY PIEDMONT MIDLAND u:~:~~ ~~:~:~~ B~~~D ~~==c~-~~-~="9F===t==9====jf===~==~9~~~ ,JAN... 46.3 40.3 42.0 42.6 45.7 48.9 52.2 52.7 _________ -~,:e;e.- 4-7-.-8+4-2-.-,+4-3-:-.-I-+-4-4-.2-:-+.,-4-6-.9-+-=-5-:-0-,.7-I-5::-3=-.-=-g--l-5-3-.-16 _c~~--+----1-~~-----t----+----~~~ MAR. 55.6 48.8 52.5) 52.6 55.0 58.9 60.9 61.3 APRIL 62.6 51. I 59.5 60.3 62.5 65.4 67.0 66.7 MAY 70.6 64.7 68.7 68.6 70.9 73.4 74.1 74.0 JUNE '77.i JULY 79.1 71.5 75.7 75.6 77.6 79.5 8oo;~ 74.3 78.1 77.9 79.8 81.1 81.~ 81.0 AUG. 78.6 73.5 77.5 77.0 79.0 80.7 81.3 81.2 SEPT. 74.5 69.2 72.6 72.5 74.6 76.7 77.8 77.8 -S.BA OCT. 64.0 58.1 61 .4 6 1.6 63.5 -66.3 68.8 NOV. 54-.-2-+-4-7::--.9-+-5-0-.4--+-,5-I-.-2+5-3-:-.-3+-,.5-6c_.4-+-::5..:.8..:..6--+-6:..0:....:.0-l J--D-E_C_.--*_4_6-.-9-if-41.6 42.6 43.7 45.7 49.5 52.4 53.2-~ ANNUALI[63.1 57.4 60.4 60.7 62.9 65.5 67.3 67.5 KEY MAP AVERAGE RAINFALL INCHES 1--8 'i~~~~~ DEC. I JAN. I FEB. I MAR-IAPRILI MAY I JUNE I JULY I AUG. I SEPT.I ocT. I NOV. I DEc. I JAN. I" ' ~~~}:~~ INCHES --a- r--7 v \ .. ..... ... 1--6- /65.62/ , \ \ "- !i. .... ,. ... ., I -5\ /50.75/ .... 4 \ ~/ -- -4- /48.63/ - ... /50.18/ ... ....... 'r0. -- .. 1--3-~- 1'-o.. / .~..," . . . . . ~!!::.~ ' ~-... ,,,, '" ;',;- / I y~ : ...~"'++'+J.~"\ ~- ~ \ r-...__ ,/' "' ,:+~ ...++" :'11.1Ll&.IC""' r--t.. \ +~ \ ! / ----?{ I I j I ~.~\\ \'\+\ ... 'lf.J'lt'll.~ ... .,/ + ...... ++"" ...... i:--+ ,, uuunlu _~ , : / , -t~JC',v~ &.'~"' ~ y.,.. nrrr ,,,,,, 1111111 ,,,,, ~ \ ~ . .... ~ I .,.-.._. .....p . I1.,.-o.r+I ~J,.t l ..' ~. +-t-t.. ~ Itt"" ...,._.......+ l 0 ...:,, '' ,,, ........ !-..... ~-- r--2 .. 7 - /65.62/ - 6 - -5/50.75/ 148.631 - 4 150.18/ 149.93/ - 3 - 2- r- I INCHES /52.66/ ANNUAL TOTALS STATE-WIDE J J 4.48 4.29 4.88 1 5.14 13.86 1 3.79 1 4.79 1 5.81 1 5.47 1 4.17 1 3.1o 1 2.88 14.48 1 4.29 III I I II I I DEC. I JAN., FEB., MAR.,APRILI MAY I JUNE I JULY I AUG., SEPT., OCT. NOV., DEC., JAN. /52.66/ ANNUAL TOTALS 1- INCHES SOURCE OF DATA, UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU CLIMATIC SUMMARY- 1930 GEOLOGICI'.L SURVEY OF GEORGIA -----............ ....---............ '""-"""""""""" LEGEND HIGHLANDS VALLEY-PIEDMONT-MIDLAND ALTAMAHA UPLAND t:OASTAL TERRACES SEABOARD STATE PLANNING BOARD 1939 W.P.A OF GA-:-OP.-865-34-3-59 I FORD HATCHERY- BLUE GILL BREAM AND BASS}, AND KING;S FERRY HATCHERY SHAD'\ SEDI MENTATION IS A SERIOUS DRAWBACK TO THE INCREASE OF FISH IN RIVERS. PONDS, LAI WHERE BELOW THE FAL~S OF THE SAME STREAM, A GARRISON WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE MIDST OF THE APALACHICOLAS, OR LOWER CREEKS. THE COLONY OF GEORGIA WAS FOUNDED IN 1733, 3Y JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE, ENGLISH STATESMAN AND PHILANTHROPIST. NAMED FOR GEORGE I I, THE NEW COLONY WAS TO PROVIDE REVENUE FOR ENGLAND, MILITARY DEFENSE AGAINST THE SPANISH IN FLORIDA, AND RELIEF FOR THOSE IN ENGLISH DEBTOR 1 S PRISONS. ALTHOUGH THE ENGLISH LAW AT THAT PERIOD MADE NO DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN FRAUD AND MISFORTUNE, THE FIRST COLONISTS WERE CARE FULLY SELECTED AND NO CRIMINALS ACCEPTED. THE FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT WAS MADE IN 1733 WHEN OGLETHORPE FOUNDED SAYAN NAH, AND l0 ASHORE HIS LITTLE BAND OF 125 SETTLERS AT YAMACRAW BLUFF, ON THE SA- VANNAH RIVER, WHERE FORTS AND HOUSES WERE BUILT. PEACE WAS MADE WITH THE INDIANS THROUGH CHIEF ToMOCHICHI, BUT THE SETTLERS LIVED UNDER THE THREAT OF SPAIN UNTIL 0GLETHORPEiS VICTORY AT THE BATTLE OF THE BLOODY MARSH ON JULY 7, 1742, AFTER WHICH THE SPANISH ABANDONED GEORGIA. BY THIS VICTORY OGLETHORPE NOT ONLY FIRMLY PLANTED THE THIRTEENTH COLONY BUT HELPED ESTABLISH ENGLISH RATHER THAN SPANISH ASCENDANCY IN AMERICA. !;j WHILE AVAILABLE PLANT LISTS ARE NOT COMPLETE INFORMATiON AT HAND INDICATES THAT, WITH PROPER CONSERVATION METHODS AND CONTROL, THE STATE S liORTICULTURAL RE SOURCES MAY BE UTILIZED TO A GREATER DEGREE FOR CREATING AND ENHANCING AREAS OF ~A' URAL BEAUTY, THESE AREAS MAY BE INCLUDED IN PARKS, FORESTS, AND WiLDLiFE REFUGES A THOROUGH STUDY OF THE NATURAL HORTICULTURAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA :S BEING CONDUCTED BY EMORY UNIVERSITY, WHICH WILL INCLUDE HERBARIUMS AND COMPLETE DESCRIP TIVE DATA THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS WORK TO THE STUDY OF RECREATION IS THREE FOLD IT W!LL ASSIST IN TEACHING APPRECIATION OF WILD PLANT LIFE, WiLL PROVIDE LISTS OF PLANTS FOR USE IN DESIGNING PARK AND OTHER RECREATIONAL AREAS, AND WILL ESTACLISH THE FACT TIIAT GEORGIA liAS A WIDE VARIETY OF TREES, SHRUBS AND FLOWERING PLANTS, WHICH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL EFFECTS IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS ACCORDING TO EITHER PINE, OAK OR OTHER TREE f10TIFS. ;, ABCHAEQJ:.OG'{_;, GEORGIA WAS OCCUPIED BY THE AMERICAN INDIANS FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS BEFORE THE COMING OF THE WHITE MAN, AND WAS PROBABLY THE MEETING POINT OF THEIR MIGRATiONAL THRUSTS FROM THE NORTH AND FROM THE GULF COAST. IT WAS THE HAPPY HUNTING GROUND AND BLOODY BATTLEFIELD OF THE CHEROKEE AND CREEl< TRIBES, AND 'liAS THE SCENE OF THEIR LOS lNG CONFLICTS WITH THE SPANISH, ENGLISH, AND FRENCII, All OF WHOM USED THE INDANS IN THEIR FIGHT FOR SUPREMACY. NEARLY EVERY STREAM IN GEORGIA IS DOTTED WITH INTERESTING INDIAN MOUNDS OR VIL LAGE SITES NOW MARKED BY BROKEN BITS OF POTTERY AND S7 0NE ARTIFACTS THEIR sc ENTI FIC IMPORTANCE CAN BE JUDGED BY THE FACT THAT AN EMINENT AUTHORITY HAS STATED ,HA GEORGIA IS THE KEY TO THE PRE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHEAST, AND Tlii\T THE STATE CONTA,~3 THREE OF THE FOUR f.10ST INTERESTING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES EAST OF THE MISS ISS 1 PP RIVER, A'1'ffi IN ADDITION THE BEST PRESERVED EFFiGY MOUND IN THE COUNTRY '\ \ J...-THESE MOUNDS AND VILLAGE SITES HAVE BEEN VIS ITED AND OFTEN DES PO ILED BY COLLECI ORS OF INDIAN RELICS, ALTHOUGH SOME WERE EXCAVATED BY EARLIER ARCHAEOLOGISTS IT 1S ONLY IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS THAT A FEW MOUNDS HAVE BEEN SCIENTIFICALLY EXCAVATED WITH A VIEW OF UNRAVELLING THE COMPLICATED, OUT INTERESTING STORY OF THE CULTURES AND MIGRATIONS OF GEORGIA S FORMER CITIZENS. IF PROPERLY DEVELOPED TliiS FEATURE MAY BECOME ONE OF GEORGIA 5 LEADING RECREATIONAL ATTRACTIONS THE EARLIEST EVENTS IN GEORGIA S HISTORY OCCURRED ON THE SEA ISLANDS AND THE ~1AINLAND BORDERING THE COAST, WHEN SPANISH ADVENTURERS AND MISSIONARIES CAME TO 17 !;j WHILE AVAILABLE PLANT LISTS ARE NOT COMPLETE INFORMATiON AT HAND INDICATES THAT, WITH PROPER CONSERVATION METHODS AND CONTROL, THE STATE S liORTICULTURAL RE SOURCES MAY BE UTILIZED TO A GREATER DEGREE FOR CREATING AND ENHANCING AREAS OF ~A' URAL BEAUTY, THESE AREAS MAY BE INCLUDED IN PARKS, FORESTS, AND WiLDLiFE REFUGES A THOROUGH STUDY OF THE NATURAL HORTICULTURAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA :S BEING CONDUCTED BY EMORY UNIVERSITY, WHICH WILL INCLUDE HERBARIUMS AND COMPLETE DESCRIP TIVE DATA THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS WORK TO THE STUDY OF RECREATION IS THREE FOLD IT W!LL ASSIST IN TEACHING APPRECIATION OF WILD PLANT LIFE, WiLL PROVIDE LISTS OF PLANTS FOR USE IN DESIGNING PARK AND OTHER RECREATIONAL AREAS, AND WILL ESTACLISH THE FACT TIIAT GEORGIA liAS A WIDE VARIETY OF TREES, SHRUBS AND FLOWERING PLANTS, WHICH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL EFFECTS IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS ACCORDING TO EITHER PINE, OAK OR OTHER TREE f10TIFS. ;, ABCHAEQJ:.OG'{_;, GEORGIA WAS OCCUPIED BY THE AMERICAN INDIANS FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS BEFORE THE COMING OF THE WHITE MAN, AND WAS PROBABLY THE MEETING POINT OF THEIR MIGRATiONAL THRUSTS FROM THE NORTH AND FROM THE GULF COAST. IT WAS THE HAPPY HUNTING GROUND AND BLOODY BATTLEFIELD OF THE CHEROKEE AND CREEl< TRIBES, AND 'liAS THE SCENE OF THEIR LOS lNG CONFLICTS WITH THE SPANISH, ENGLISH, AND FRENCII, All OF WHOM USED THE INDANS IN THEIR FIGHT FOR SUPREMACY. NEARLY EVERY STREAM IN GEORGIA IS DOTTED WITH INTERESTING INDIAN MOUNDS OR VIL LAGE SITES NOW MARKED BY BROKEN BITS OF POTTERY AND S7 0NE ARTIFACTS THEIR sc ENTI FIC IMPORTANCE CAN BE JUDGED BY THE FACT THAT AN EMINENT AUTHORITY HAS STATED ,HA GEORGIA IS THE KEY TO THE PRE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHEAST, AND Tlii\T THE STATE CONTA,~3 THREE OF THE FOUR f.10ST INTERESTING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES EAST OF THE MISS ISS 1 PP RIVER, A'1'ffi IN ADDITION THE BEST PRESERVED EFFiGY MOUND IN THE COUNTRY '\ \ J...-THESE MOUNDS AND VILLAGE SITES HAVE BEEN VIS ITED AND OFTEN DES PO ILED BY COLLECI ORS OF INDIAN RELICS, ALTHOUGH SOME WERE EXCAVATED BY EARLIER ARCHAEOLOGISTS IT 1S ONLY IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS THAT A FEW MOUNDS HAVE BEEN SCIENTIFICALLY EXCAVATED WITH A VIEW OF UNRAVELLING THE COMPLICATED, OUT INTERESTING STORY OF THE CULTURES AND MIGRATIONS OF GEORGIA S FORMER CITIZENS. IF PROPERLY DEVELOPED TliiS FEATURE MAY BECOME ONE OF GEORGIA 5 LEADING RECREATIONAL ATTRACTIONS THE EARLIEST EVENTS IN GEORGIA S HISTORY OCCURRED ON THE SEA ISLANDS AND THE ~1AINLAND BORDERING THE COAST, WHEN SPANISH ADVENTURERS AND MISSIONARIES CAME TO 17 FOR WAR ON FEBRUARY 18, A CONVENTION OF SECEDING STATES WAS HELD AT MONTGOMERY, Ai.lAB..ufA'. AMONG THE DELEGATES FROM GEORG I A WERE: ALEX,~NDEP H. STEPHENS, ROOERT W. TOOMBS, GEORGE CRAWFORD, AND BENJAMIN H. HILL. A CONSTITUTION MODELED UPON THAT OF THE UNITED STATES WAS ADOPTED. JEFFERSON DAVIS OF MISSISSIPPI WAS CHOSEN PRES! DEIIiT; ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS, OF GEORG I A, VICE PRES I DENT; AI~D ROBERT TOOMBS, ALSO OF GEORGIA, SECR":TARY OF STATE. UNINVADED FOR THREE YEARS, GEORGIA SENT SOLDIERS TO l!A TTLE ELSEWHERE. THEN SHERMAN 1 S GEORG I A CA:,1PA I GN ANf"l HIS MARCH TO THE SEA, ArTEr: TilE FALL OF ATLMJT,\ ON SEPTEMBER 2, 1864, LEFT A SWATH or DESTRUCTION FROM THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF THE STATE TO THE COAST. SHERMAN ESTIMATED THE DAMAGE AT $100,000,000. OUT OF THE CHAOS LEFT BV THE \'IAR AND THROUGH THE CONFUSION OF RECONSTrUCT I ON, GEORGIA PAINFULLY REBUILT ITSELF. AT FIRST THE STATE WOULD NOT RATIFY THE FOUR- TEENTH AMENDMENT, GY \'IH I CH THE NEGRO RECEIVED FULL CITIZENSHIP, MJD FOR A TIME THE PEOPLE SUFFERED UNDEr< 11ARTIAL LAW. WITH THE FINAL RATIFICATION OF THE A1.1ENDI'-1ENT ON JULY 21, 1868, GEORGIA WAS READMITTED TO THE UNION. MUCH BITTER STRIFE OVER THE RIGHTS or THE NEWLY HIANC I PATED NEGRO FOLLOWED. GRADUALLY AS THE CARPETBAGGERS LEFT Tl~ STATE AND ORDER WAS RESTORED, GEORGIA ONCE MORE CEGAN TO GROW, DIRECTED ElY W. POWERFUL LEADERS AND INSPIRED ElY HENRY GRADY'S SPEECHES ON THE NEW SOUTH. THE HOPE OF THE NEW SOUTH LEADErN,I>..L AREA Sruo'V + GEORGIA PARK PARKWAY&. RECRE.ATK:>N,I>..L AREA Sruo'V + OF THIS 400,499 OR 66.8 PERCENT WAS WHITE AND 198,724 OR 33.2 PERCENT WAS NEGRO THERE WERE 91 INCORPORATED PLACES BETWEEN 1,000 AND 2,500 POPULATION AND 438 OF LESS THMJ 1 ,.000. TI1ERE ARE NUMEROUS UNINCORPORATED PLACES IN GEORG IA, THE MAJOR ITV HAVING LE::,s THAN 1,000 POPULATION THE RURAL FARM POPULATION IN 1930 VIAS 1,413,719 OR 48.6 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL AS COMPARED WITH 24.6 PERCENT FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. THE RURAL FARM WHITE POPULATION WAS 857,925 OR 60.7 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL RURAL FARM AND THE RUFUL FARM NEGRO 555,764 OR 39.3 PERCENT. THE TOTAL RURAL POPULATION HAS SHOWN A UNIFORM DECREASE FROM 90.6 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL POPULATION IN 1880 TO 69 2 PERCENT IN 1930. THE AVERAGE DENSITY OF RURAL FARM POPULATION WAS 24.1 PERSONS PER SQUARE MILE IN 1930. , ) IN SMALLER TOWNS AND VILL~GES, THE TENDENCIES TOWARD RECREATION AMONG MEN AND BOYS HAVE BEEN LARGELY TO HUNTING AND FISHING. AN ALMOST INHERENT AND INSTINCTIVE LIKING FOR THESE OUT DOOR ACTIVITIES PROVIDES AN IMPORTANT OUTLET FOR THEIR DEMANDS FOR RECREATION. AMONG LAND OWNERS, FAMILIES INVARIABLY SEEK THE SEASHORE OR THE MOUNTAINS DURING THE WARM SUMMER MONTHS, ESPECIALLY WHEN CROP PROSPECTS ARE GOOD- To TH 1 s GROUP THE DEVELOPMENT OF STATE PARKS AND NATUR,~L REsouRcE RE:S~n\fATIONS 1 s PARTICULARLY ATTRACTIVE X AMONG THE WHITE TENANT CLASS OF FARMING POPULATION, RECREATION AMONG THE MEN AND BOYS ALSO CONSISTS LARGELY OF HUNTING AND FISHING. FORMS OF FAMILY AND GROUP RLCREATION CONSIST MOSTLY OF OLD FASHIONED CHURCH SOCIABL:OS, BARBECUES, SPORTS AND SPECIAL EVENTS. At~ONG THIS GROUP, WHOSE C;\SH INCOME IS LOW, IT MAY BE ANTICIPATED THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS WILL PROVIDE ADDED OPPORTUNITY FOR COMMUNITY RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND GATHERINGS, FACILITIES FOR WHICH, AMONG FARM DWELLERS IN GEORGIA, ARE WOEFULLY INADEQUATE; IN FACT PRACTICALLY LACKING. THE WHITE POPULATION OF GEORGIA IN 1930 WAS 1,836,974 OR 63.2 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL. WHITES ARE PREDOMINANT IN THE SECTIONS ABOVE AND BELOW A STRIP OF 50 TO 100 MiLES IN WIDTH EXTENDING ACROSS THE CENTRAL PART OF THE STATE, KNOWN AS THE COTTON BELT- THE NEGRO POPULATION IN 1930 WAS 1,071,125 OR 36.8 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL AS COMPARED WITH 9.7 PERCENT FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. THE NEGRO IS PREDOMINANT IN THE ABOVE MENTiONED COTTON BELT. THERE ARE VERY FEW NEGROES IN THE FAN-SHAPED SECTION EXTENDING FROM ATLANTA TO THE TWO NORTHERN CORNERS OF THE STATE, ONE COUNTY IN THIS SECT I ON HAVING NO NEGROES AND F' IVE COONT1 ES LtSS THAN 100 E~CR'. -GE~~ IJl. HAS THE LARGEST NUMBER OF NEGROES OF ANY STATE IN THE COUNTRY; HOWEVER, THERE ARE TWO . 22 + + + + HEALTH IMPROVEMENT 1936 TO 1937 -GEORGIA- I DECREASE IN RATE PfR 100,000 POPULATION OF FIVE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH PRCENTAGE DECREAS( PERCENTAGE 60 50 .oiO 30 20 10 10 20 30 60 MALAR I A------- -62.1 TYPHOID FEVER----29. 7 Dl PHTHERIA--- ----- 15.0 TUBERCULOSIS-----II 4 INFANT UORTALITY-10.4 ~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF" PUBLIC HEALTH STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 .-. TYPHOID FEVER DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND ADJOINING GEORGIA io eo' 1 9 3 7 - - - - - - - - - - - --1e35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 8 3 7 O r80 SOPERC:CNTA<;~ DEc:0EASE I O PER~~NTA~~ IN~~EASE!>C) I I I I I GEORGIA--------- 47.7 ALABAMA-- ------34.5 N CAROLINA----- -4.2 ~ S. CAROLINA--- IJ. 7 TENNESSEE----- 26 9 I I \ \ \ ~ QEDATA; ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR- 1937 DEPARTMENT OF" PUBLIC HEALTH 1 I I I 1 I STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 TUBERCULOSIS DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND ADJOINING GEORGIA r - I GEORGIA---------13.0 ALABAMA-- ------0.7 N. CAROLINA------ 4.6 - S CAROLINA----- 0.0 TENNESSEE------ 1.4 I I I I I I I $0URCE QE DATA; ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR- 1937 DEPARTMENT OF" PUBLIC HEALTH 1 L I I _l STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 STATES EXCEEDING IN THE PERCENTAGE NEGRO. THE PERCENTAGE NEGRO IN GEORGIA HAS D~ CREASED FROM 46,7 IN 1900 TO 36.8 IN 1930. THERE ARE VERY FEW RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR NEGROES IN THE STATE THEiR \( FORMS OF RECREATION ARE PECULIAR TO THEIR RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND AMONG THE WORKING CLASSES TEND TO SOCIABILITY CENTERED AROUND THE CHURCHES, WITH SATURDAY A DAY FOR MASSED GATHERING IN THE SHOPPING CENTERS OF THE NEAREST SMALL TOWN OR CITY FOR THIS GROUP SIMPLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENTS, SUCH AS PLAYFIELDS WITH BARBECUE GROUNDS AND SWIMMING POOLS, PRESENT THE LOGICAL STEP FOR RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THESE DEVELOPMENTS CAN BE PROVIDED ECONOMICALLY IN SEPARATE SECTIONS OF NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS, GOVERNMENT SERVICES AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH RECREATION: THE INTEREST OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES IN RECREATION SHOULD BECOME MORE GENERALLY KNOWN TO THE CITIZENS AND TAXPAYERS. LEADING GOVERNMENTAL SERViCES WHICH HAVE DIRECT BEARING ON THE WELFARE O~THE PEOPLE AND ARE CONSEQUENTLY ASSOC AlE~ WITH THEIR ENJOYMENT OF RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ARE HEALTH, EDUCATION AND TRAt'SPOR TAT ION. THE WORKS OF MANY FEDERAL AND STATE DEPARTMENTS ARE HELPFUL TO THIS PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. A CORRELATION OF THE PROGRAMS OF THOSE VARIOUS AGENCIES iS NECES SARY IN ORDER TO PROMOTE AN ADEQUATE RECREATIONAL PROGRAM IN GEORGIA THE STATE PLANNING BOARD HAS MADE EXTENSIVE STUDIES OF RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES. THE DIVISION oF STATE PARKS, HISTORiC SITES AND MoNUMENTS, DE PARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES IS CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF STATE PARKS. THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, BESIDES COOPERATING WITH THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS AND THE STATE PLANNING BOARD, ADMINiSTERS FIVE NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND BATTLEFIELD PARKS AND THREE RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS WHICH ARE PLAN NED PRIMARILY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZED CAMPING FACILITiES. THE U S FOREST SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED AND OPERATES ELEVEN RECREATIONAL AREAS LOCATED IN THE CHAT TAHOOCHEE NATIONAL FOREST. THE LAND UTILIZATION DIVISION OF THE SOIL CoNSERVA TION SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED THREE AREAS IN THE STATE ON WHICH A THREE-FOLD PRO GRAM HAS BEEN FOLLOWED INCLUDING FORESTRY, WILDLIFE AND RECREATION. THE U S 810 LOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTERS FOUR WILDLIFE REFUGES. THE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS HAS COOPERATED WITH THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, U, 5 FOR EST SERVICE, AND THE U. S. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR AREAS AND 23 STATES EXCEEDING IN THE PERCENTAGE NEGRO. THE PERCENTAGE NEGRO IN GEORGIA HAS D~ CREASED FROM 46,7 IN 1900 TO 36.8 IN 1930. THERE ARE VERY FEW RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR NEGROES IN THE STATE THEiR \( FORMS OF RECREATION ARE PECULIAR TO THEIR RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND AMONG THE WORKING CLASSES TEND TO SOCIABILITY CENTERED AROUND THE CHURCHES, WITH SATURDAY A DAY FOR MASSED GATHERING IN THE SHOPPING CENTERS OF THE NEAREST SMALL TOWN OR CITY FOR THIS GROUP SIMPLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENTS, SUCH AS PLAYFIELDS WITH BARBECUE GROUNDS AND SWIMMING POOLS, PRESENT THE LOGICAL STEP FOR RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THESE DEVELOPMENTS CAN BE PROVIDED ECONOMICALLY IN SEPARATE SECTIONS OF NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATIONS, GOVERNMENT SERVICES AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH RECREATION: THE INTEREST OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES IN RECREATION SHOULD BECOME MORE GENERALLY KNOWN TO THE CITIZENS AND TAXPAYERS. LEADING GOVERNMENTAL SERViCES WHICH HAVE DIRECT BEARING ON THE WELFARE O~THE PEOPLE AND ARE CONSEQUENTLY ASSOC AlE~ WITH THEIR ENJOYMENT OF RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ARE HEALTH, EDUCATION AND TRAt'SPOR TAT ION. THE WORKS OF MANY FEDERAL AND STATE DEPARTMENTS ARE HELPFUL TO THIS PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. A CORRELATION OF THE PROGRAMS OF THOSE VARIOUS AGENCIES iS NECES SARY IN ORDER TO PROMOTE AN ADEQUATE RECREATIONAL PROGRAM IN GEORGIA THE STATE PLANNING BOARD HAS MADE EXTENSIVE STUDIES OF RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES. THE DIVISION oF STATE PARKS, HISTORiC SITES AND MoNUMENTS, DE PARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES IS CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF STATE PARKS. THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, BESIDES COOPERATING WITH THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS AND THE STATE PLANNING BOARD, ADMINiSTERS FIVE NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND BATTLEFIELD PARKS AND THREE RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREAS WHICH ARE PLAN NED PRIMARILY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZED CAMPING FACILITiES. THE U S FOREST SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED AND OPERATES ELEVEN RECREATIONAL AREAS LOCATED IN THE CHAT TAHOOCHEE NATIONAL FOREST. THE LAND UTILIZATION DIVISION OF THE SOIL CoNSERVA TION SERVICE HAS DEVELOPED THREE AREAS IN THE STATE ON WHICH A THREE-FOLD PRO GRAM HAS BEEN FOLLOWED INCLUDING FORESTRY, WILDLIFE AND RECREATION. THE U S 810 LOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTERS FOUR WILDLIFE REFUGES. THE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS HAS COOPERATED WITH THE DIVISION OF STATE PARKS, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, U, 5 FOR EST SERVICE, AND THE U. S. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR AREAS AND 23 HAS FURNISHED LABOR AND FUNDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOST OF THESE AREAS. THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION IS FURNISHING LABOR AND MATERIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL RECREATIONAL AREAS AND FACILITIES, WHICH RESULTED FROM ITS EX TENSIVE RESEARCH, EXPLORATION, AND PLANNING PROJECTS. THIS AGENCY, THROUGH ITS Dl VISION OF RECREATION, HAS FURNISHED RECREATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISION FOR MOST MUNICIPALiTIES THROUGHOUT THE STATE. 4 CORRELATION OF THE PROGRAMS OF THE STATE DEPARTMENTS OF PUGLIC HEALTH, EDUCA T!ON, HIGHWAY AND PUBLIC SAFETY WILL ASSIST MATERIALLY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COOR DINATED RECREATIONAL AREA PROGRAM FOR THE STATE. v/f:!EALLtJ AND SANIHTION ALONG WITH THE IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES THROUGH OUT THE STATE, THERE HAVE BEEN VERY RADICAL IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALTH AND SANITATION DURING THE EARLY DAYS OF SETTLEMENT IN GEORGIA, THE PLANTERS ALONG THE COAST FEARED MALARIA AS MUCii AS INDIAN ATTACKS OR SPANISH INVASIONS. TRADITION HAS IT THAT THE ENDURANCE OF MANY A RIDING HORSE WAS TAXED TO THE LIMIT BY PLANTATION OWN ERS IN THEIR ANXIETY TO GET OUT OF THE RICE FIELDS BEFORE NIGHTFALL. THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH HAS PURSUED A PURPOSEFUL PROGRAM TO ELIMINATE THE CAUSE OF TillS DISEASE. IN ADDITION TO THE LATEST APPROVED MEDICAL TREATMENTS, IT HAS, WITH THE HELP OF THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER NATIONAL EMERGENCY AGENCIES, CONDUCTED EXTENSIVE DRAINAGE PROJECTS AND PREVENTIVE TREATMENT PROGRAMS. IN THE SPACE OF ONLY A FEW YEARS THE DANGER OF MALARIAL INFECTION HAS BEEN GREATLY MINIMIZED, THIS IS SHOWN IN CAREFULLY COMPILED VITAL STATISTICS OF THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH AND OF THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. THE DECREASE IN DEATH RATE PER 1)0,000 POPULATION FROM 1936 TO 1937 IN GEORGIA WAS 62.1% THE PEAKS OF THE MALARIAL CYCLE, WHICH APPROXIMATE SEVEN YEARS, HAVE STEADILY DECLINED THE PEAK OF 1929 'WAS APPROXIMATELY 58% ABOVE 14.6 DEJ'.THS PER 100,000 PEOPLE, WHICH WAS THE AVER~GE FOR 1929 THROUGH 1936. THE PEAK OF 1936, HOW EVER, WAS ONLY ABOUT 31% HIGHER THAN THIS DEATH RATE OF 14.6 PER 100,000 POPULATiON THE 1937 RECORD IS A NEW L0\'1 FOR THE STATE#OF ONLY 7.3 DEATHS PER 100,000. DIARRHOEA IS ANOTHER PREVENTABLE DISEASE THAT HAS DECLINED IN GEORGIA. SINCE 1924 THE DECLINE IN DEATHS DUE TO THIS CAUSE HAS BEEN OVER 60%. DIPHTHERIA IN THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS HAS BEEN REDUCED BY OVER 60%. TUBERCULOSIS, WHICH TAKES ITS GREATEST TOLL FROM THE COLORED POPULATION OF THE STATE, HAS BEEN REDUCED ABOUT 40% '24 > > ~ ------- MALi\RIA DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND ADJOINING I GEORGIA GEORGIA-------- 41 4 ALABAMA-------- 30.7 N CAROLINA----- 0.0 TENNESSEE------ 52.6 L _j ~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPORT OF Dl RECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH S CAROLINA------ 9.8 STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 DIPHTHERIA DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND AD..OINING GEORGIA 1 50 sci' 1 9 3 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 3 5 ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 3 7 60 sd'ERC:ONTA';EO DEc:0EASE IO l\ /ER~~NTA~~ IN~~EASE I GEORGIA--------- 35.8 ALABAMA----- ---24.4 N. CAROLINA------2. I TENNESSEE------ 25.0 I I I SOURCE QE DATA: ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR- 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH S. CAROLINA---- --111.11 I I I I I I STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 INFANT MORTALITY DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937; IN AND ADJOINING GEORGIA 1937-------------1935-- -- -----------1937 ........ PERCENTAGE DECREASE ... .. PERCENTAGE INCREASE ......., 50 <10 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 GEORGIA---------7.8 N.CAROLINA------ 5.7 TENNESSEE------ 4.8 ~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPO.RT OF DIRECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ALABAMA--------1.0 S.CAROLINA------ 3.2 STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 > > ~ ------- MALi\RIA DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND ADJOINING I GEORGIA GEORGIA-------- 41 4 ALABAMA-------- 30.7 N CAROLINA----- 0.0 TENNESSEE------ 52.6 L _j ~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPORT OF Dl RECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH S CAROLINA------ 9.8 STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 DIPHTHERIA DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937 IN AND AD..OINING GEORGIA 1 50 sci' 1 9 3 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 3 5 ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 3 7 60 sd'ERC:ONTA';EO DEc:0EASE IO l\ /ER~~NTA~~ IN~~EASE I GEORGIA--------- 35.8 ALABAMA----- ---24.4 N. CAROLINA------2. I TENNESSEE------ 25.0 I I I SOURCE QE DATA: ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR- 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH S. CAROLINA---- --111.11 I I I I I I STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 INFANT MORTALITY DEATHS PER 100 000 POPULATION CHANGES FROM 1935 TO 1937; IN AND ADJOINING GEORGIA 1937-------------1935-- -- -----------1937 ........ PERCENTAGE DECREASE ... .. PERCENTAGE INCREASE ......., 50 <10 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 GEORGIA---------7.8 N.CAROLINA------ 5.7 TENNESSEE------ 4.8 ~ QEDATA: ANNUAL REPO.RT OF DIRECTOR - 1937 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ALABAMA--------1.0 S.CAROLINA------ 3.2 STATE PLANNING BOARD MARCH 1938 CIVIC, rRATERNAL, PARENT TEACHER, THE PRESS, AND MINISTERIAL ASSOCIATIONS ARE G~ LISTED TO HELP. MATERIAL FACILITIES FOR CARRYING OUT TillS CAMPAIGN HAVE BECOME AVAILABLE THROUGH AN EXTENSIVE SCHOOL !3U ILD ING AND IMPROVEI-1ENT PROGRAM IN THE STATE, VIH ICH WAS MADE POSSIBLF THROUGH THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER NATIONAL EMERGENCY AGENCIES. THIS HAS RESULTED IN EVERY COUNTY RECEIVING ONE OR MORE NEW SCHOOL BUILD I NGS IN CASES \1/HERE NEW SCHOOL BUILDINGS HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED, 1-10RE ADEQUATE SPACE AND LOCATION HAVE BEEN PROVIDED, AND PLAYGROUND FACILITIES INSTALLED. EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS IN GEORGIA HAVE PROGRESSED RAPIDLY IN THE PAST YEAR. 1wo HUNDRED AND TEN NEW SCHOOL BUILDINGS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED IN THE STATE.. NINETY FIVE WERE FOR WHITE PUPILS, AND ONE HUNDRED FIFTEEN FOR NEGRO PUPILS. SEVEN MILLION FREE TEXTBOOKS WERE DISTRIBUTED. THE SALARIES OF QUALIFIED TEACHERS HAVE BEEN RAISEDj "' THE SCHOOL TERMS HAVE A MINIMUM OF SEVEN MONTHSj AND THE STATE HAS PROVIDED ADDITION AL FOUR YEAR HIGH SCHOOLS UNTIL NOW EVERY COUNTY IN THE STATE HAS AT LEAST ONE FOUR YEAR ACCREDITED HIGH SCHOOL. THE NUMBER 0~ TEACHERS HAS BEEN INCREASED FROM 20,731 TO 21 . 232 RECENTLY THERE HAS BEEN GIVEN A GREAT DEAL OF CONSIDERATION TO RECREATIONAL AREAS ADJOINING SCHOOL GROUNDS. PROFESSORS GEORGE D. STRAYER AND M l ENGLEHARDT, OF TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, LEADING AUTHORITIES IN THS FIELD, HAVE SET UP STANDAP.DS FOR SCHOOL GROUNDS: 5 ACRES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 10 ACRES FOR JUNIOR HtGH SCHOOLS 20 ACRES FOR SENIOR HtGH SCHOOLS (MINIMUM~ (MINIMUM (MINIMUM THE NATIONAL RECREATION ASSOCIATION STANDARDS ARE: 8 10 ACRES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 10 30 ACRES FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS \\ 20 40 ACRES FOR SEN 1OR H1GH ScHooLs ~THE NEED FOR SCHOOL PLAYGROUNDS IS A PROBLEM, IN WHICH EDUCATION AND RECREATION SHOULD JOIN HANDS. As THE PEOPLE BECOME BETTER FITTED TO EARN A GOOD LIVING, AND GAIN APPRECIATION OF RECREATIVE VALUES, THE DEMAND WILL EXCEED ACCOMMODATIONS OF EX !STING FACILITIES "J:8!:!i2.EQ.8_TAT I ON~ jtltQ~ DURING THE LAST TWENTY YEARS GEORGIA HAS MADE RAPID STRIDES IN ITS HIGHWAY SYS TEM THERE ARE TODAY APPROXIIMTELY 10,740 MILES OF STATE HIGHWAYS, OF WHICH 44 PER CENT IS PAVED, WITH THE BALANCE BEING IMPROVED CHERT AND MAINTAINED BY THE STATE 26 IN fIFTEEN YEARS, THIS STEADY IMPROVEMENT HAS TAI~EN PLACE THROUGH USE OF THE i..ATES' METHODS OF PREVENTION AND CURE, WITH EFFICIENTLY PLANNED USE OF FACILITIES AT HAND FROM 1921 TO DATE, DEATHS DUE TO TYPHOID FEVER HAVE DECREASED t.S f.11JCH AS 75% As FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE GREAT IMPROVEMENT MADE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA IN THE CONTROL OF PREVENTABLE DISEASE, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT PELLAGRA DEATHS HAVE DE CREASED APPROXIMATELY 50%. THE EFFICIENCY OF GEORGIAS EXPANDED HEALTH PROGRAM IS FURTHER SHOWN OY THE FACT THAT GEORGIA ~~DE THE GREATEST IMPROVEMENT DURING THE PERIOD 1935 37 OF FIVE ADJOINING STATES IN DECREASED DEATH RATE DUE TO MALARIA, DIPHTHERIA, TUDERCULOSJS TYPHOID FEVER AND INFANT MORTALITY. DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS, WITH THE ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE OF THE STATE SAN TARY ENGINEERING DIVISION, MANY TOWNS IN GEORGIA HAVE IMPROVED AND ENLARGED THEiR WATER SUPPLIES. ALSO THEY HAVE INSTALLED UP-TO DATE, MORE ADEQUATE, AND ADDITIONAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANTS. THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY RELIEF AGENCIES HAVE GIVEN INVALU ADLE ASSISTANCE IN EFFECTING THESE ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS As PEOPLE OF THE STATE FEEL BETTER PHYSICALLY, THEIR MENTAL OUTLOOK REQU RES DIVERSION, WHICH NEEDS TO BE SUPPLIED BY IMPROVED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES THESE IMPROVED HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE ATTRACTING NEW INDUSTRV AND INCREASED TOURIST TRADE WHICH HAS BEEN FEARFUL TO COME TO GEORGIA UNDER THE OLD CONDiTIONS, WHiCH WERE EVEN MORE DANGEROUS TO THOSE NOT ACCLIMATED TO THE STATE, THAN TO MANY CIT-ZENS OF THE SnTE. EDUCATION: THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR E. D. RIVERS HAS PROVEN A BOON TO lhE CAUSE OF EDUCATION IN THIS STATE. WHEREAS, ACCORDING TO THE 1930 U S CENSUS, THE STATE OF GEORGIA WAS LISTED HIGH IN ILLITERACY, iT ,s GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AND AC KNOWLEDGED BY AUTHORITIES THAT THIS WILL NOT BE THE CiRCUMSTANCE AFTER THE NEXT U S CENSUS. A WELL PLANNED CAMPAIGN ElY THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION HAS BEEN STARTED TO OBLITERATE THIS CONDITION, ON THE BASIS THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE UNABLE TO READ AND WRITE GENERALLY HAVE $150.00 PER YEAR LESS INCOME OR EARNING POWER, THAN THOSE WHO ARE LITERATE. THE FIRST STEP IN THIS CAMPAIGN WAS AN EDUCATIONAL SURVEv OF CENSUS, SCHOOL DISTRICT BY DISTRICT, AND COUNTY BY COUNTY BY MEANS OF THiS SUR VEY, THE NAME OF EVERY ADULT PERSON IN GEORGIA, WHO CANNOT READ OR WRITE, HAS ElEEN ~ADULATED AND ADULT EDUCATION IS BEING CARRIED TO THEM, To ENABLE THIS PROGRAM AP PROXIMATELY 1,000 TEACHERS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED BY THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION 25 IN fIFTEEN YEARS, THIS STEADY IMPROVEMENT HAS TAI~EN PLACE THROUGH USE OF THE i..ATES' METHODS OF PREVENTION AND CURE, WITH EFFICIENTLY PLANNED USE OF FACILITIES AT HAND FROM 1921 TO DATE, DEATHS DUE TO TYPHOID FEVER HAVE DECREASED t.S f.11JCH AS 75% As FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE GREAT IMPROVEMENT MADE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA IN THE CONTROL OF PREVENTABLE DISEASE, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT PELLAGRA DEATHS HAVE DE CREASED APPROXIMATELY 50%. THE EFFICIENCY OF GEORGIAS EXPANDED HEALTH PROGRAM IS FURTHER SHOWN OY THE FACT THAT GEORGIA ~~DE THE GREATEST IMPROVEMENT DURING THE PERIOD 1935 37 OF FIVE ADJOINING STATES IN DECREASED DEATH RATE DUE TO MALARIA, DIPHTHERIA, TUDERCULOSJS TYPHOID FEVER AND INFANT MORTALITY. DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS, WITH THE ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE OF THE STATE SAN TARY ENGINEERING DIVISION, MANY TOWNS IN GEORGIA HAVE IMPROVED AND ENLARGED THEiR WATER SUPPLIES. ALSO THEY HAVE INSTALLED UP-TO DATE, MORE ADEQUATE, AND ADDITIONAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANTS. THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY RELIEF AGENCIES HAVE GIVEN INVALU ADLE ASSISTANCE IN EFFECTING THESE ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS As PEOPLE OF THE STATE FEEL BETTER PHYSICALLY, THEIR MENTAL OUTLOOK REQU RES DIVERSION, WHICH NEEDS TO BE SUPPLIED BY IMPROVED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES THESE IMPROVED HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE ATTRACTING NEW INDUSTRV AND INCREASED TOURIST TRADE WHICH HAS BEEN FEARFUL TO COME TO GEORGIA UNDER THE OLD CONDiTIONS, WHiCH WERE EVEN MORE DANGEROUS TO THOSE NOT ACCLIMATED TO THE STATE, THAN TO MANY CIT-ZENS OF THE SnTE. EDUCATION: THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR E. D. RIVERS HAS PROVEN A BOON TO lhE CAUSE OF EDUCATION IN THIS STATE. WHEREAS, ACCORDING TO THE 1930 U S CENSUS, THE STATE OF GEORGIA WAS LISTED HIGH IN ILLITERACY, iT ,s GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AND AC KNOWLEDGED BY AUTHORITIES THAT THIS WILL NOT BE THE CiRCUMSTANCE AFTER THE NEXT U S CENSUS. A WELL PLANNED CAMPAIGN ElY THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION HAS BEEN STARTED TO OBLITERATE THIS CONDITION, ON THE BASIS THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE UNABLE TO READ AND WRITE GENERALLY HAVE $150.00 PER YEAR LESS INCOME OR EARNING POWER, THAN THOSE WHO ARE LITERATE. THE FIRST STEP IN THIS CAMPAIGN WAS AN EDUCATIONAL SURVEv OF CENSUS, SCHOOL DISTRICT BY DISTRICT, AND COUNTY BY COUNTY BY MEANS OF THiS SUR VEY, THE NAME OF EVERY ADULT PERSON IN GEORGIA, WHO CANNOT READ OR WRITE, HAS ElEEN ~ADULATED AND ADULT EDUCATION IS BEING CARRIED TO THEM, To ENABLE THIS PROGRAM AP PROXIMATELY 1,000 TEACHERS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED BY THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION 25 LEGEND EXISTif~G /I.PE/\S (NATIONAL, STATE AND CO!JfJTY) t~AT I OtJAL E1N E2N E3tJ E4tt ESN EGN E7N EBN E9N E10N E11N E12N E13N E13NA E13NB E14tJ El5N E15NA E15NO E16N E17N E18tJ E18.1N E19N E20N E21N E22N E23N E24N E25N E26N E27tJ E28N E29N E30N E30.1N E31N E32N E33N E34N - TENN. AND GA.-CHICKAMAUGA AND c. CHATTANOOGA NAT. MIL. PARK. - TENN. AND N. -GREt, T SI10KY MouNTAIN NATIONAL PARK. - GA.-NEw EcHOTA NAT. MEMORIAL. - G,\.-Knwc:s:,w !louiHAIN B,\TTLE- FIELD SITE. - GA.-OcMULGEE NAT. MoNUMENT. -GA.-FT. PuLASKI NAT. MoNUMENT. -GA.-FT. FREDERICA NATIONAL MONUMENT (AUTHORIZED). - FLA.-FT. MARION NAT. MoNUMENT. - GA.-HARD LABOR CREEK RECREA- TIONAL DEMONSTRATION AREA. -GA.-ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS RECREATIONAL DEM. AREA. - GA.-PINE ~OUNTAIN RECREATION- AL DEMONSTRATION AREA. -TENN.-FALLS CREEK FALLS RECREATIONAL DEM. AREA. - GA.-CHATTAHOOCHEE NAT. FOREST. - GA.-LAKE WINFIELD SCOTT RECREATION AREA. - GA.-RABUN BEACH RECREATION AREA. -TENN.-CHEROKEE NATIONAL FoREST. - N. C.-NANTAHALA NAT. FOREST. rl. C.-CLIFFSIDE LAKE RECREATION AREA. - N. C.-ARROWOOD GLADE RECREATION AREA. - N. c.-PisGAH NATIONAL ForEsT. - 5. C.-SUMTER NATIONAL FOREST 01ouNTAIN DiVISION). - s. C.-SUMTER NATIONAL FOREST (LONG CANE DIV!S 1 0N). - S. C. -Sut1TER tJAT I ONAL FOREST (~NOREE DIVISION). - FLA.-OSCEOLA NATIONAL FOREST. - FLA.-APALACHICOLA NAT. Fo~EST. - ALA.-TALLADEGA NAT. FOREST. - N. c.-QuALLA INDIAN REsERvA- TioN. - CA.-OKEFENOKEE WILD LIFE REFUGE. - GA.-BLACK BEARD isLAND WILD LIFE REFUGE. - GA. -WoLF ISLAND VI 1LD L 1FE REFUGE. s. -GA. & c.-SAvANNAH RrvER WiLD LIFE REFUGE. - fu.. -ST. 11APKS i11 GRATORY WATERFOWL RrruGE. -GA.-PLANTATION P!EDHONT PROJECT. GA. -GEORG 1A Cot,STAL FLATwooD UPLAND GAME PROJECT. - S. C. -CLE11SotJ CoLLEGE Cow:tUN 1TV - s. CONSERVATION PROJECT. C.-SUBER PiCNIC AREA. - ALA.-TUSKEGEE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT. -ALA.-PEA RIVER ProJECT FOP PLANNED LAND UsE. - FLA. -WAKULLA DEVELOP~ENT PROJECT. - N. c.-GLu~ RIDGE NATIONAL p,\RKWAV. * TE~PORARILY UNDER NATIONAL OWN~RSil!P. E35s E36s E37s 1E38s E39s E40s E41s E42s E43s E44s E45s E46s E47s E4Bs E49s Esos E51s E52s E53s E54s Esss E55.1s * * * E56s E57s E58s E59s E60s E61s E62s EG3s E64s E65s EGSs E67s E68s EG9s E70s E71s E72s E73s E74s E75s E76s E77s E78s E79s Esos EBls EB2s -GA.-FORT r1outHAIN STATE PARK. -GA.-VOGEL STATE PARK. H. - GA.-ALEX~NDER STEPHENS MEMORIAL STATE PARK. - GA.-INDIAN SPRINGS ST. PARK. - Gt. -PINE tioUNTAIN Sr. PARK. - GA.-LITTLE 0CMULGEE Sr. PARK. -GA.-CHEHAW STATE PARK. -GA.-SANTO DOMINGO ST. PARK. GA.-JEFFERSON DAVIS MEMORIAL STATE PARK. GA.-SITTONS GULCH ST. PARK. G,~. -KoLorwK 1 Mourms Sr. PAnK. GA.-WAYNE CouNTY NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION. GA.-GOVERNOR TROUP NATURAL RESOURCE ~ESERVATION. GA.-ST. MARYS RIVER NATURAL RESOURCE RESERVATION. GA.-MIONA SPRINGS ST. PARK. S. C.-TABLE PocK Sr. PARK. s. C.-PARIS MOUNTAIN STATE - s. PARK. c.-ocoNEE STATE PARK. - s. C.-GREENWOOD STATE PARK. - s. C.-AIKEN STATE PARK. - s. C.-BARNWELL STATE PARK. - s. C.-SESQUICENTENNIAL STATE PARK. - s. C.-GREENVILLE WAYSIDE. - s. C.-GREENWOOD WAYSIDE. s. C.-AIKEN WAYSIDE. FLA.-FT. CLINCH STATE PARK. FLA.-SuwANEE PIVER Sr. PARK. FLA.-TORPEYA STATE PARK. FLA. FLA. CAVERNS ST. PARK. ALA.-CHATTAHOOCHEE ST. PARK. ALA.-PANTHER CREEK ST. PARK. ALA.-CHEWACLA STATE PARK. ALA.-CHEWACLA STATE PARK (SPRING ViLLA DiVISION). ALA.-LAGOONS STATE PARK. ALA. -CHEAHA SH.TE PARK. ALA.-DESOTO STATE PARK. ALA.-DESOTO STATE PARK (NAYS GULF DIVISION). AL,~. -HORSESHOE BEND STATE tf!ONUt1ENT. ALA.-FT. TouLOUSE STATE I\10NUt1EtJT. TE~N.-HARRISON BAY ST. PARK. TENN.-BOOKER T. WASHINGTON STATE PARK (NEGRO). GA.-GWINN NIXON ST. FOREST. GA.-BAXLEY STATE FOREST. FLA.-PINE LoG STATE ForEsT. FLA.-0LENA STATE FoREST. FLA.-CARY STATE FoREST. TENN.-GRUNDY STATE FOREST. TENN.-BLEDSOE STATE FOREST. TENN.-MARION FRANKLIN STATE fOREST. E83c E84c Esse EB6c - G;\.-?o3=~T :.~:~c~~f;=: PA~t::. - G,\. -JJNCS C:rJl_Yi'lT'f :1 :Ct:CI\T 1ON CEJITCI'. - GA. -fJoRTH FuLTON Pt,r.K. - GA.-SOUTH fULTON PARK. I THERE ARE FIFTY TWO BUS ROUTES AND SEVENTY SIX MOTOR TRUCK LINES SERVING THE VM?.I OUS SECTIONS OF THE STATE, AiRPORTS: THERE ARE 53 AIRPORTS IN THE STATE -~f.APORTS;, THE TWO MAIN SEAPORTS OF THE STATE ARE SAVANNAH AND BRUNSWICK. ___..lNL\ND V'IATERWAY: THE INLAND WATERWAY, A SAFE ROUTE FOR SMALL CRAFT, IS LOCATED IN THE LARGER ES TUARIES OF THE COAST. AND IS PROTECTED BY TIE COASTAL ISLANDS. THIS WATERWAY, MAIN TAINE!l OY THE U. S. (ORPS OF ENGINEERS, HAS A CONTROLLING DEPTH OF SEVEN FEET, MEAN LOW WATER, FROM CHArLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, TO MIAMI, FLORIDA. CONDITIONS