Environmental Justice Identification and Proposed Outreach Report
GDOT Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP)
FY 2021-2024
Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report
Contents 1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Purpose.................................................................................................................. 3 3.0 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 5 4.0 STIP Area Results ............................................................................................... 9 5.0 STIP District Area Maps ................................................................................. 15
5.1 District 1 .......................................................................................................... 16 5.2 District 2 .......................................................................................................... 22 5.3 District 3 .......................................................................................................... 28 5.4 District 4 .......................................................................................................... 34 5.5 District 5 .......................................................................................................... 40 5.6 District 6 .......................................................................................................... 46 6.0 Focus and Findings .......................................................................................... 52 6.1 Minority Findings ......................................................................................... 53 6.2 Low-income Findings .................................................................................. 53 6.3 Elderly Findings ............................................................................................ 53 6.4 LEP Findings ................................................................................................... 53 7.0 Public Outreach Strategy ............................................................................... 53 8.0 Sources of Information...................................................................................66 8.1 Reports and Studies ..................................................................................... 66 8.2 Internet Sites .................................................................................................. 66
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1.0 Introduction
Since 1970, the Federal-Aid Highway Program has required full consideration of possible adverse social, economic, and environmental effects during project planning, development, and decision-making. Federal policies and laws that play a role in federal highway decision making include the following:
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Intermodal Surface Transportation and Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). Environmental Justice (EJ) Executive Order 12898 signed in 1994. Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) signed in 1998. Limited English Proficiency (LEP) Executive Order 13166 signed in 2000. Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2005: A Legacy for Users
(SAFETEA-LU). EPA Memorandum of Understanding on Environmental Justice (2011). The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21). The Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act of 2015 (FAST Act).
Per federal law, STIPs must involve early and continuous public involvement and outreach; all peoples must be included in disregard of race, color and natural origin. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on these accounts. In addition, President Clinton signed Environmental Justice (EJ) Executive Order (EO) 12898 in 1994, which defines EJ as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, income or education level, in transportation decision making. The EO mandates that "each federal agency identify and address disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority and/or low income populations." Additionally, EO 13166, signed in 2000, provides guidance on improving access to services for persons with Limited English Proficiency. The Executive Order requires Federal agencies to examine the services they provide, identify any need for services to those with limited English proficiency (LEP), and develop and implement a system to provide those services so LEP persons can have meaningful access to them. To further ensure efforts in EJ outreach, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Environmental Justice and Executive Order 12898 was signed on August 4, 2011.
The STIP identifies federally funded transportation projects such as highway, maintenance, bicycle, and pedestrian projects. The Georgia STIP includes transportation projects for rural areas that were developed in the Georgia Department of Transportation's (GDOT's) ongoing planning process.
Minority and low-income identification and outreach is required as part of the STIP. According to FHWA Order 6640.23, minority is defined as a person who is African American, Hispanic or Latino, Asian American, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. It further defines a person having low-income as a person whose household income is at or below the Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines. By focusing on minority, and low-income, or traditionally underserved populations, federal agencies can ensure that federal actions are inclusive for all people. In addition to low-income and minority populations, elderly and disabled persons should also be considered
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in public involvement and outreach. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) encourages the involvement of people with disabilities in the development and improvement of transportation and paratransit plans and services.
This report details the efforts made to identify EJ populations within the STIP area and the strategies used to target these populations through the public involvement process.
2.0 Purpose
Public outreach and involvement is extremely important for states to effectively integrate environmental justice concerns into transportation decision-making. During the STIP planning stage and prior to the project development stage, efforts must be made to identify EJ populations within each GDOT District (see Figure 1: GDOT District Map) and include these populations in a meaningful public outreach strategy. EJ populations can be identified using the following sources: (1) U.S. Census Bureau Data, (2) American Community Survey Data, and (3) data collected from local government planning departments and DOT transportation staff. Section 3 discusses the methodology for identifying the EJ populations for the GDOT rural counties. This document serves as the Environmental Justice Identification and Proposed Outreach Report included in the Georgia STIP for the rural counties within the state. To better guide the environmental justice outreach program, an analysis of racial, ethnic, income, and age demographics for each STIP county was conducted. In addition, English proficiency demographics were evaluated to identify populations with limited English proficiency in order to determine the need for materials to be made available in Spanish. Information contained in this report is used to identify characteristics and locations of EJ populations in the Georgia STIP area. In addition, this document outlines outreach strategies specific to EJ populations in rural areas of Georgia to ensure equal involvement of all peoples in the statewide planning process. This document includes the following: (1) methodology used to determine the EJ threshold for minorities, low-income, elderly and limited English proficiency groups; (2) identification of EJ communities that are above the EJ threshold; (3) information on public outreach strategies and best practices; and (4) identification of local EJ organizations and resources for disseminating information to EJ populations.
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Figure 1: GDOT District Map
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3.0 Methodology
This section describes the methodology employed in defining and identifying environmental justice populations in the GDOT STIP area. The methodology in this report differs from the FY 2018-2021 report in determining the rural STIP area. Previously, counties not fully lying within the boundary of a MPO were considered rural. This meant that if any portion of a county was not included in a MPO area, then all census tracts in that county were considered rural STIP census tracts. In this report, the designation is no longer county-wide. If a Census tract is not fully within an MPO boundary, then it is still included in the rural STIP area. On the other hand, Census tracts that are fully inside MPO boundaries are no longer included in the rural STIP, even if most of the county falls outside of MPO boundaries. This results in fewer census tracts in the FY2021-24 rural STIP since those completely served by MPOs are no longer designated as rural. Figure 2: Georgia Counties STIP Rural Study Area Map illustrates the rural STIP area. Areas shaded in blue-gray are under the authority of an MPO and are not included in this report. All remaining areas are designated rural STIP areas and are shaded in green.
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Figure 2: Georgia Counties STIP Rural Study Area Map
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Minority, low-income, elderly, limited English proficiency (LEP), and populations without internet access were analyzed in the rural STIP area; definitions of these variables are included below.
Minority: All persons other than non-Hispanic White population. Low-income: Individuals with total income being at or below the poverty threshold. Elderly: Individuals 65 years of age or greater. Limited English Proficiency (LEP): Individuals greater than 5 years of age and speaking English "not
well." LEP population includes people speaking Spanish, Asian and Indo-European languages. However, as Spanish speaking population formed predominantly the largest portion of LEP population, only Spanish speaking population was selected for specific outreach. Households Without Internet Access: Housing units where no occupant can connect to or use the internet using a paid service or any free service.
Upon selecting these variables for study, minority, elderly, LEP population and population below poverty threshold data for each of the 625 Census tracts in the 130 counties in the STIP study area were collected from the American Community Survey 2013-2017 5-year estimates (ACS) on the American Fact Finder website (http://factfinder2.census.gov).
Total population, minority population, total population age 65 and above, and total population greater than 5 years of age speaking English "not well" (LEP) was taken from the ACS 2013-2017 estimate data. The number of households without internet access was taken from ACS 2014-2018 estimate data. Each variable was calculated as a percentage of the total population of each census tract. ACS 2013-2017 data also included total low income population. However, total population for which income characteristics were determined was used to estimate the percentage of population with income below poverty threshold. The percentages of each variable for every census tract included within the STIP study area were then averaged to yield the average percent for each EJ variable across the entire STIP study area. This percentage was used as the threshold above which a census tract level population was considered an "EJ population." Where a census tract's percentage on a variable met or exceeded the expected STIPwide percentage, the census tract was identified as an EJ community. In other words, these tracts had a larger-than-average percentage of minority, low-income, LEP, or elderly residents. Throughout this report, the terms "EJ community" or "EJ population" refer to a group that is above the STIP-wide threshold. See Table 1 for the EJ thresholds based on STIP-wide population characteristics.
Table 1: Environmental Justice Thresholds
Minority Low-
income
STIP Wide Percentages 32.3%
21.1%
Source: American Community Survey 2013-2017 estimates;
*American Community Survey 2014-2018 estimates
Elderly (65+) 16.8%
LEP 2.5%
No Internet Access 25.3%*
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Additionally, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The Classes were calculated so that all classes for an EJ category would include roughly the same number of census tracts, while considering variation in data values and keeping the breakpoints at whole numbers. See Table 2 for the class breaks for each class of each variable, and the number of tracts falling in each class of each variable.
Variable
Minority Low-income
Elderly LEP
No Internet Access
Table 2: Environmental Justice Class Breaks
Census
Class I
Class II
Class III
Tracts
32% - 39%
40% - 49%
50% - 59%
282
(70 tracts)
(66 tracts)
(75 tracts)
21% - 23%
24% - 27%
28% - 32%
292
(68 tracts)
(72 tracts)
(72 tracts)
16% - 17%
18% - 19%
20% - 22%
293
(64 tracts)
(76 tracts)
(82 tracts)
2%
3%
4% - 6%
201
(55 tracts)
(73 tracts)
(31 tracts)
379*
25% - 28% (70 tracts)*
29% - 33% (104 tracts)*
34% - 40% (112 tracts)*
Class IV
60% - 95% (71 tracts) 33% - 63% (80 tracts) 23% - 49% (71 tracts) 7% - 25% (42 tracts) 41% - 75% (93 tracts)*
Source: American Community Survey 2013-2017 estimates; American Community Survey 2014-2018 estimates
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4.0 STIP Area Results
The following STIP Area Maps present the overall results for each variable (Minority, Low-income, Elderly, LEP, and No Internet Access) calculated for the study area to generate both the State and District Maps. District Maps can be found in Section 5. As mentioned previously, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The locations of census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold are indicated and the intensity of population (Class I to IV) is illustrated.
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Figure 3: STIP Area Minority EJ Population
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Figure 4: STIP Area Low-income EJ Population
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Figure 5: STIP Area Elderly EJ Population
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Figure 6: STIP Area LEP EJ Population
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Figure 7: STIP Area Households Without Internet Access
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5.0 STIP District Area Maps
This section presents the results of the EJ analysis at the District level. As mentioned previously, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The locations of census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold are indicated and the intensity of population (Class I to IV) is illustrated.
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Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.1 District 1 District 1 is in northeastern Georgia and consists of 21 counties. It begins directly northeast of the Atlanta metro area and stretches to the North Carolina and South Carolina borders. The study area consists of census tracts in 17 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 4 counties in District 1 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. Study area in District 1 contains 90 census tracts of which 8 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 50 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 23 are over the low-income EJ threshold and 37 are over the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 8, below, is a map of the counties located in District 1.
Figure 8: District 1
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5.1.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 9 is a map of the Minority EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 9 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows zero Class IV tracts, 3 Class III tracts, 3 Class II tracts, and 2 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 9.
Figure 9: District 1 Minority EJ Population
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5.1.2 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 10 is a map of the Low-income EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 26 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 2 Class IV tracts located in Elbert and Rabun Counties. The analysis also shows 3 Class III tracts, 9 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 10.
Figure 10: District 1 Low-income EJ Population
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5.1.3 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 11 is a map of the Elderly EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 56 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 21 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Dawson, Elbert, Habersham, Rabun, Towns, Union and White. The analysis also shows 13 Class III tracts, 7 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 11.
Figure 11: District 1 Elderly EJ Population
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5.1.4 LEP EJ Population
Figure 12 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 41 percent of the tracts have an LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 6 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Habersham and Jackson. The analysis also shows 15 Class III tracts, 10 Class II tracts, and 6 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 12.
Figure 12: District 1 LEP EJ Population
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5.1.5 Households without Internet Access
Figure 13 is a map of the households without internet access located in District 1. Within District 1, 53 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 6 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Ebert and Stephens. The analysis also shows 11 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 17 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 13.
Figure 13: District 1 Households without Internet Access
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Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.2 District 2 District 2 consists of 27 counties to the southeast of the Atlanta metro area, stretching to the South Carolina border. The study area consists of census tracts in 26 counties, and does not include any tracts from the single county in District 2 that is completely under the authority of the MPO. District 2 contains 112 census tracts of which 70 are over the minority EJ threshold, 63 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 62 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 26 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 14, below, is a map of the counties located in District 2.
Figure 14: District 2
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5.2.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 15 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 63 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 19 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baldwin, Burke, Greene, Hancock, Jefferson, Laurens, McDuffie, Putnam, Taliaferro, Warren, Washington and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 19 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 18 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 15.
Figure 15: District 2 Minority EJ Population
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5.2.2 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 16 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 55 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 16 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baldwin, Burke, Emmanuel, Greene, Hancock, Laurens, McDuffie, Warren, and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 23 Class III tracts, 15 Class II tracts, and 8 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 16.
Figure 16: District 2 Low-income EJ Population
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5.2.3 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 17 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 56 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 12 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Emanuel, Greene, Hancock, Laurens, Putnam and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 21 Class II tracts, and 18 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 17.
Figure 17: District 2 Elderly EJ Population
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5.2.4 LEP EJ Population
Figure 18 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 23 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 5 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Greene, Putnam, Treutlen, and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 6 Class III tracts, 4 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 18.
Figure 18: District 2 LEP EJ Population
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5.2.5 Households without Internet Access
Figure 19 is a map of the located in District 2. Within District 2, 78 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 43 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Dodge, Laurens, Emanuel, Wilkinson, Jenkins, Jefferson, Baldwin, Burke, Hancock, Warren, McDuffie, Greene, Taliaferro, Oglethorpe, Wilkes, and Lincoln. The analysis also shows 30 Class III tracts, 22 Class II tracts, and 6 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 19.
Figure 19: District 2 Households without Internet Access
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Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.3 District 3 District 3 consists of 31 counties and is located to the southwest of the Atlanta metro area. The study area consists of census tracts in 24 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 7 counties in District 3 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. District 3 contains 99 census tracts of which 6 are over the Minority EJ threshold 46 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 43 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 26 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 20, below, is a map of the counties located in District 3.
Figure 20: District 3
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5.3.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 21 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 63 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 18 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Dooly, Macon, Marion, Peach, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot and Troup. The analysis also shows 17 Class III tracts, 16 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 21.
Figure 21: District 3 Minority EJ Population
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5.3.2 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 22 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 43 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Peach, Stewart, Sumter, Troup and Upson. The analysis also shows 14 Class III tracts, 11 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 22.
Figure 22: District 3 Low-income EJ Population
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5.3.3 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 23 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 46 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Harris, Macon, Spalding, Stewart, Talbot, Twiggs, Upson and Webster. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 23.
Figure 23: District 3 Elderly EJ Population
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5.3.4 LEP EJ Population
Figure 24 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 26 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 3 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Peach and Stewart. The analysis also shows 10 Class III tracts, 5 Class II tracts, and 8 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 24.
Figure 24: District 3 LEP EJ Population
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5.3.5 Households without Internet Access
Figure 25 is a map of the located in District 3. Within District 3, 71 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 21 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Stewart, Webster, Sumter, Dooly, Marion, Macon, Twiggs, Talbot, Troup, Meriwether, and Monroe. The analysis also shows 27 Class III tracts, 19 Class II tracts, and 13 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 25.
Figure 25: District 3 Households without Internet Access
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Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.4 District 4 District 4 consists of 31 counties and is located in the southwestern corner of Georgia. The study area consists of census tracts in 28 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 2 counties in District 4 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. District 4 contains 129 census tracts of which 81 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 67 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 83 tracts are above the lowincome EJ threshold and 48 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 26, below, is a map of the counties located in District 4.
Figure 26: District 4
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5.4.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 27 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 63 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 25 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Ben Hill, Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Coffee, Colquitt, Crisp, Decatur, Early, Grady, Mitchell, Randolph, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas and Tift. The analysis also shows 21 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 21 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 27.
Figure 27: District 4 Minority EJ Population
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5.4.2 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 28 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 64 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 25 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Atkinson, Ben Hill, Calhoun, Clay, Coffee, Colquitt, Crisp, Decatur, Early, Grady, Miller, Mitchell, Randolph, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Tift and Wilcox. The analysis also shows 18 Class III tracts, 25 Class II tracts, and 15 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 28.
Figure 28: District 4 Low-income EJ Population
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5.4.3 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 29 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 52 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Early, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole and Terrell. The analysis also shows 23 Class III tracts, 19 Class II tracts, and 16 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 29.
Figure 29: District 4 Elderly EJ Population
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5.4.4 LEP EJ Population
Figure 30 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 37 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 19 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Atkinson, Berrien, Brooks, Coffee, Colquitt, Decatur, Echols, Grady, and Tift. The analysis also shows 17 Class III tracts, 3 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 30.
Figure 30: District 4 LEP EJ Population
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5.4.5 Households without Internet Access
Figure 31 is a map of the located in District 4. Within District 4, 90 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 39 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Echols, Decatur, Lanier, Early, Miller, Baker, Mitchell, Berrien, Atkinson, Tift, Coffee, Irwin, Ben Hill, Quitman, Crisp, and Wilcox. The analysis also shows 41 Class III tracts, 28 Class II tracts, and 19 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 31.
Figure 31: District 4 Households without Internet Access
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Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.5 District 5 District 5 consists of 26 counties and is located in the southeastern portion of Georgia. The study area consists of census tracts in 23 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 3 counties in District 5 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. District 5 contains 115 census tracts of which 50 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 33 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 57 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 37 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 32, below, is a map of the counties located in District 5.
Figure 32: District 5
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5.5.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 33 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 43 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 6 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Bulloch, Clinch, Evans, Tattnall and Ware. The analysis also shows 6 Class III tracts, 23 Class II tracts, and 15 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 33.
Figure 33: District 5 Minority EJ Population
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5.5.2 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 34 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 50 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 14 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Bulloch, Candler, Clinch, Tattnall, Telfair, Ware, Wayne and Wheeler. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 7 Class II tracts, and 24 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 34.
Figure 34: District 5 Low-income EJ Population
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5.5.3 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 35 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 29 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 4 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: McIntosh, Telfair and Ware. The analysis also shows 11 Class III tracts, 10 Class II tracts, and 8 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 35.
Figure 35: District 5 Elderly EJ Population
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5.5.4 LEP EJ Population
Figure 36 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 32 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Appling, Bacon, Candler, Charlton, Evans, Pierce, Telfair and Toombs. The analysis also shows 15 Class III tracts, 8 Class II tracts, and 5 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 36.
Figure 36: District 5 LEP EJ Population
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5.5.5 Households without Internet Access
Figure 37 is a map of the located in District 5. Within District 5, 80 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 21 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Clinch, Pierce, Jeff Davis, Telfair, Wheeler, and Candler. The analysis also shows 20 Class III tracts, 21 Class II tracts, and 12 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 37.
Figure 37: District 5 Households without Internet Access
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Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.6 District 6 District 6 is composed of 17 counties located in the northwest corner of Georgia. The study area consists of census tracts in 11 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 6 counties in District 6 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. District 6 contains 80 census tracts of which 11 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 34 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 24 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 27 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 38, below, is a map of the counties located in District 6.
Figure 38: District 6
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5.6.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 39 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 14 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 2 Class IV tracts located in Carroll County. The analysis shows 0 Class III tracts, 5 Class II tracts, and 4 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 39.
Figure 39: District 6 Minority EJ Population
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5.6.2 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 40 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 30 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 2 Class IV tracts located in Carroll county. The analysis also shows 2 Class III tracts, 5 Class II tracts, and 15 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 40.
Figure 40: District 6 Low-income EJ Population
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5.6.3 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 41 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 43 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Chattooga, Fannin, Gilmer and Pickens. The analysis also shows 5 Class III tracts, 11 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 41.
Figure 41: District 6 Elderly EJ Population
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5.6.4 LEP EJ Population
Figure 42 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 34 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 13 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Carroll, Chattooga, Gilmer, Gordon, Murray and Polk. The analysis also shows 10 Class III tracts, 1 Class II tracts, and 3 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 42.
Figure 42: District 6 LEP EJ Population
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5.6.5 Households without Internet Access
Figure 43 is a map of the located in District 6. Within District 6, 37 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows no Class IV tracts, 3 Class III tracts, 16 Class II tracts, and 12 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 43.
Figure 43: District 6 Households without Internet Access
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6.0 Focus and Findings
Figure 44 provides a summary of the percent of census tracts within each District with EJ populations above the STIP threshold for each category (minority, low-income, elderly, and LEP). This gives a visual comparison of the EJ populations in each District.
Figure 44: EJ Summary Chart
EJ Population Summary
District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 District 5 District 6
0%
9% 56%
26% 41%
63% 56% 55% 23%
63% 46% 43% 26%
63% 52%
64% 37%
29% 32%
43% 50%
14% 43%
30% 34%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Minority Elderly Low Income LEP
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6.1 Minority Findings
The percentage of minority populations is greatest in Districts 2, 3 and 4 (63%). It is followed by District 5 (43%). District 6 (14%) and District 1 (9%) have the lowest percentage of census tracts above the minority EJ threshold.
6.2 Low-income Findings
The percentage of low-income populations is greatest in District 4 (64%). It is followed by District 2 (55%) and Districts 5 (50%) and District 3 (43%). District 6 (30%) and District 1 (23%) have the lowest percentage of tracts above the low-income EJ threshold.
6.3 Elderly Findings
The percentage of elderly populations is greatest in Districts 1 and 2 (56%), followed by District 4 (52%), District 3 (46%) and District 6 (43%). District 5 (29%) has the lowest percentage of census tracts above the elderly EJ threshold.
6.4 LEP Findings
The percentage of LEP populations is greatest in District 1 (41%), followed by District 4 (37%), District 6 (34%), and District 5 (32%). These higher concentrations of non-English speaking residents demonstrate the need for Spanish language public involvement and outreach strategies within these districts. District 3 (26%) and District 2 (23%) have the lowest percentage of census tracts exceeding the LEP EJ threshold. Spanish language public involvement and outreach is not as critical in this part of the STIP study area; however, it may still be necessary.
7.0 Public Outreach Strategy
The public involvement strategy for the STIP FY 2021-2024 was designed to maximize statewide participation and education in both EJ and non-EJ areas despite an ongoing COVID-19 response that restricted the ability to safely gather in person. All of the material that would normally be available at public meetings will be available on the public outreach website. Additionally, there is still an option for the public to view materials in-person, without holding a meeting. Below is an outline of project deliverables for the subject area.
(a). Virtual Public Involvement Informational Website An outreach website will be used to share information about the proposed STIP projects and gather feedback from the public. The virtual public involvement website will be available for a 30-day period, and will contain background information about the STIP, an informational welcome video, maps and details of proposed STIP projects, and an interactive comment card, available in both English and Spanish, so people can provide feedback to GDOT. The website will allow the ability to translate the site into many different languages via a button on the site. Additionally, the DRAFT STIP document will be converted into an interactive online publication. This format has the look and feel of a printed publication and allows customers to virtually flip pages within the document. The online publication is fully responsive, mobile-friendly, and viewable in any web browser. The interactive format gives customers the ability to directly access links and watch videos from
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within the publication. Customers can use the search function to find specific content or pages. Customers can also download a PDF version or share the publication with others on social media, email, or via the web.
The ability to move the outreach materials online has been made possible by Wi-Fi availability and computer access via public libraries across the state. Most libraries have free Wi-fi networks available for patrons, and many still allow use of their in-house computers for limited time slots. This accessibility allows anyone to access the internet and view these public outreach materials for free.
(b) Targeted Social Media Advertisements GDOT will utilize paid advertisements on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter to target specific zip codes with information about the STIP and links to the public involvement website. These ads will be focused on zip codes that contain EJ communities, to try to reach these communities and encourage participation.
(c) Paid radio advertisements GDOT will utilize paid advertisements on AM radio to target rural areas of the state with a 60 second informational ad that directs listeners to the public outreach website as well as tells them about the ability to visit GDOT District Offices in person to view project maps and the draft STIP document.
(d) Media Coordination - Draft press releases will be developed for finalization, with coordination with the Communications Office. A proactive approach to these efforts will provide accurate, up-to-date information to the public and help to minimize misconceptions or misinformation. Information will be disseminated using press releases, social media, and GDOT web site.
(e) Display Boards - Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in accordance with statewide restrictions on public gatherings, display boards will be used in lieu of the traditional public meetings. These display boards, along with hard copies of the draft STIP, an informational flier and comment forms available in English and Spanish will be located at each GDOT District's main office, and they will be accessible for anyone to view at their leisure via an appointment while the office is open. The display boards will present a map of all proposed STIP projects in the district. The boards will be available for viewing for a 30-day period.
(f). Informational flier An informational flier that contains the same informational narrative that is located on the public involvement website will be available at each GDOT District Office. Considering the existence of concentrations of Spanish-speakers in certain districts, relevant materials will be translated into Spanish on an as-needed basis to ensure successful outreach efforts to those populations.
(g) Public Comment & Collection The public will have the opportunity to provide input on the STIP projects via the virtual public involvement website or hard copy comment forms. The website will have an interactive comment form, while physical comment forms will be provided for those who view the display boards at the GDOT District offices.
(h). Annual Public Involvement Report - At the conclusion of the STIP cycle, a comprehensive report based on all public outreach will be prepared. The report will synthesize all process documentation completed throughout the preparation and implementation of the outreach.
The public outreach techniques will be further refined so that the EJ populations and their geographic
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Table 3: District 1
EJ Category Geographic Area (County: City/Town)
Elbert Habersham Hart
Stephens Walton
Minority
Low-Income
Elbert: Elberton Franklin Habersham Hart Jackson Lumpkin
Madison Rabun: Tiger Stephens Walton White
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency
Banks Dawson: Dawsonville Elbert: Elberton Franklin Habersham: Aerial,
Turnerville Hart Jackson Lumpkin Madison Oconee
Banks Barrow Elbert Franklin Habersham: Alto,
Baldwin, Corneila & Raoul Hart
Rabun: Clayton, Dillard, Mountain City, Sky Valley, Tallulah Falls & Tiger
Stephens Towns: Hiawassee, Tate
City & Young Harris Union: Blairsville Walton White: Cleveland, Helen,
Sautee Nacoochee & Yonah
Jackson: Talmo, Pendegrass, Nicholson
Lumpkin Madison Oconee Rabun Stephens Union White
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Table 4: District 2
EJ Category Minority
Low-Income
Geographic Areas
Baldwin: Hardwick & Milledgeville
Bleckley Burke: Waynesboro Columbia Dodge Emanuel Greene: Greensboro &
Union Point Hancock: Sparta &
Culverton Jefferson: Bartow,
Louisville, & Wadley Jenkins Johnson Laurens: Dublin
Lincoln McDuffie: Thomson Morgan Putnam: Eatonton &
Willard Taliaferro: Crawfordville
& Sharon Treutlen Warren: Warrenton Washington: Oconee,
Sandersville, & Tennille Wilkes: Washington &
Aonia Wilkinson
Baldwin: Hardwick & Milledgeville
Bleckley Burke: Waynesboro Dodge Emmanuel: Swainsboro Greene: Greensboro &
Union Point Hancock: Sparta &
Culverton Jasper Jefferson Jenkins Johnson
Laurens: Dublin, Rockledge & Garretta
Lincoln McDuffie: Thompson Newton Oglethorpe Putnam Taliaferro Treutlen Warren: Warrenton Washington: Sandersville Wilkes: Rayle Wilkinson
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EJ Category
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency
Geographic Areas
Baldwin
Lincoln
Bleckley
McDuffie
Burke
Morgan
Columbia
Newton
Dodge Emanuel: Norristown
Oglethorpe Putnam: Crooked Creek
Glascock
Taliaferro
Greene: Greensboro, Siloam & White Plains
Treutlen Warren
Hancock: Sparta &
Washington
Linton
Wilkes: Tignall &
Jasper
Washington
Jefferson
Wilkinson
Jenkins Johnson Laurens: Dublin &
Cadwell
Burke
Laurens
Columbia Dodge
Morgan Oglethorpe
Emmanuel
Putnam: Phoenix
Greene: Greensboro & Treutlen: Gillis Springs
Union Point
Washington
Jasper Jefferson Jenkins
Wilkes: Rayle Wilkinson
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EJ Category Minority
Low-Income Elderly
Table 5: District 3
Geographic Areas
Butts
Pulaski
Crawford
Schley
Dooly: Unadilla &
Spalding
Pinehurst
Stewart: Lumpkin &
Harris
Richland
Jones
Sumter: Americus
Lamar
Talbot: Talbotton &
Macon: Marshallville,
Ypsilanti
Montezuma, &
Taylor
Oglethorpe
Troup: LaGrange &
Marion: Buena Vista
Mountville
Meriwether
Twiggs
Monroe
Upson
Peach: Fort Valley
Webster
Butts
Schley
Dooly
Spalding
Heard
Stewart: Lumpkin &
Jones
Richland
Lamar
Sumter: Americus
Macon
Taylor
Marion
Troup: LaGrange
Meriwether
Twiggs
Monroe
Upson: Thomaston
Peach: Fort Valley
Webster
Pulaski
Crawford
Pulaski
Dooly
Schley
Harris: Whitesville
Spalding: East Griffin
Heard
Stewart: Richland
Jones
Sumter
Lamar
Talbot: Woodland &
Macon: Garden Valley
Geneva
Marion
Taylor
Meriwether:
Troup: LaGrange
Manchester, Warm
Twiggs: Huber & Danville
Springs
Upson
Monroe
Webster: Weston &
Pike
Centerpoint
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EJ Category
Limited English Proficiency
Geographic Areas
Dooly
Troup
Macon
Upson
Marion
Webster
Meriweather
Monroe
Peach: Fort Valley
Stewart: Lumpkin
Sumter
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Table 6: District 4
EJ Category Minority
LowIncome
Geographic Areas
Atkinson
Irwin
Baker
Lanier
Ben Hill: Fitzgerald
Lee
Berrien
Miller
Brooks: Quitman
Mitchell: Camilla
Calhoun: Arlington,
Quitman
Edison, Leary, &
Randolph: Coleman &
Morgan
Cuthbert
Clay: Bluffton & Fort
Seminole:
Gaines
Donalsonville
Coffee: Wilsonville
Terrell: Dawson
Colquitt: Moultrie
Thomas: Thomasville
Cook
Tift: Phillipsburg, Tifton
Crisp: Cordele
& Unionville
Decatur: Attapulgus
Turner
Early: Blakely
Wilcox
Echols
Worth
Grady: Cairo
Atkinson: Axson
Irwin
Baker
Lanier
Ben Hill: Fitzgerald
Lee
Berrien
Miller: Colquitt
Brooks
Mitchell: Camilla
Calhoun: Arlington,
Quitman
Edison & Parksville
Randolph: Cuthbert &
Clay: Bluffton & Fort
Coleman
Gaines
Seminole:
Coffee: Douglas
Donalsonville
Colquitt: Moultrie
Terrell: Dawson
Cook
Thomas: Meigs &
Crisp: Cordele
Thomasville
Decatur:Bainbridge
Tift: Omega, Tifton &
Early: Blakely & Cedar
Unionville
Springs
Turner
Echols
Wilcox: Pitts & Seville
Grady: Cairo
Worth
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EJ Category
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency
Geographic Areas
Atkinson
Irwin
Baker: Milford
Lanier
Ben Hill: Fitzgerald
Miller
Berrien: Nashville
Mitchell
Brooks
Quitman: Georgetown
Calhoun
Randolph: Benevolence
Clay
& Shellman
Coffee
Seminole: Iron City
Colquitt
Terrell: Bronwood &
Cook
Parrot
Crisp
Thomas
Decatur
Tift
Early: Cedar Springs &
Turner
Jakin
Wilcox
Grady
Worth
Atkinson: Pearson
Crisp
Ben Hill
Decatur: Faceville
Berrien: Enigma
Echols: Statenville
Brooks: Pavo
Grady: Cairo
Coffee: Douglas
Mitchell
Colquitt: Berlin,
Thomas
Ellenton, Funston &
Tift: Omega &
Moultrie
Phillipsburg
Cook
Turner
Wilcox
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EJ Category Minority
Low-Income Elderly
Table 7: District 5
Geographic Areas
Appling
Long
Bacon
McIntosh
Bryan
Montgomery
Bulloch: Statesboro
Pierce
Camden
Screven
Candler
Tattnall:
Charlton
Reidsville
Clinch: Fargo &
Telfair
Homerville
Toombs
Effingham
Ware: Waycross
Evans: Claxton & Daisy
Wayne
Jeff Davis
Wheeler
Appling
Montgomery
Bacon
Pierce
Brantley
Screven
Bryan
Tattnall:
Bulloch: Statesboro
Reidsville
Camden
Telfair: McRae-
Candler: Metter & Pulaski
Helena &
Charlton
Scotland
Clinch: Homerville, Fargo Toombs
& Willamsburg
Ware: Waycross
Evans
Wayne: Jessup
Evans
Wheeler
Jeff Davis
McIntosh
Appling
Pierce
Bulloch
Screven
Camden
Tattnall
Candler
Telfair:
Clinch
Workmore
Evans
Toombs
Jeff Davis
Ware: Waycross
McIntosh: Townsend,
Wayne
Eulonia & South Newport Wheeler
Montgomery
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EJ Category
Limited English Proficiency
Geographic Areas
Appling: Baxley
Pierce: Mershon
Bacon: Alma
Tattnall
Bryan
Telfair: McRae-
Bulloch
Helena &
Camden
Scotland
Candler: Pulaski
Toombs:
Charlton: Homeland &
Ohoopee &
Folkston
Vidalia
Effingham
Wayne
Evans: Claxton
Jeff Davis
Long
Montgomery
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EJ Category Minority
Low-Income
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency
Table 8: District 6
Geographic Areas
Carroll:
Carrollton
Chattooga
Gordon
Polk
Carroll:
Gilmer
Carrollton
Gordon
Chattooga
Haralson
Dade
Murray
Polk
Carroll
Gilmer: Cherry Log
Chattooga:
& New Hope
Menlo &
Gordon
Cloudland
Haralson
Dade
Murray
Fannin: Blue Pickens: Big Canoe
Ridge,
& Marble Hill
Epworth,
Polk
McCaysville, Walker
Mineral Bluff,
& Morganton
Carroll:
Gordon: Calhoun
Carrollton
Murray:
Chattooga:
Chatsworth
Trion
Pickens
Fannin
Polk: Akes &
Gilmer: Ellijay
Cedartown
& East Ellijay
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8.0 Sources of Information
8.1 Reports and Studies
"Community Impact Assessment: A Quick Reference for Transportation" (FHWA, 9/96) "Community Impact Mitigation Case Studies" (FHWA, 5/98) "Environmental Policy Statement" (FHWA, 1994) "EPA Environmental Justice Strategy: Executive Order 12898" (EPA, 1995) "EPA Environmental Justice: Guidance Under the National Environmental Policy Act (Council of
Environmental Quality, 12/97) "How to Engage Low-Literacy and Limited-English-Proficiency Populations in Transportation
Decisionmaking" (USDOT/FHWA 2006) "Practical Approaches for Involving Populations in Transportation Decisionmaking " NCHRP
Report 710 (2012) "Effective Public Involvement Using Limited Resources" NCHRP Synthesis 407 (2010) "Public Involvement Techniques for Transportation Decision-making" USDOT (2009) "Transportation & Environmental Justice, Case Studies" USDOT/FHWA (2000) "Transportation & Environmental Justice, Effective Practices" USDOT/FHWA/FTA (2002)
8.2 Internet Sites
American Community Survey, http://www.census.gov/ 2010 U.S. Census Bureau (American Fact Finder), http://factfinder2.census.gov Clark Atlanta University Environmental Justice Resource Center, www.ejrc.cau.edu Federal Highway Administration, www.fhwa.dot.gov Federal Transit Administration, www.fta.dot.gov Environmental Protection Agency, www. epa.gov Georgia Department of Transportation, www.dot.state.ga.us Surface Transportation Policy Project, www.transact.org United States Department of Transportation, www.dot.gov
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