Environmental Justice Identification and Proposed Outreach Report GDOT Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) FY 2021-2024 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Contents 1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Purpose.................................................................................................................. 3 3.0 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 5 4.0 STIP Area Results ............................................................................................... 9 5.0 STIP District Area Maps ................................................................................. 15 5.1 District 1 .......................................................................................................... 16 5.2 District 2 .......................................................................................................... 22 5.3 District 3 .......................................................................................................... 28 5.4 District 4 .......................................................................................................... 34 5.5 District 5 .......................................................................................................... 40 5.6 District 6 .......................................................................................................... 46 6.0 Focus and Findings .......................................................................................... 52 6.1 Minority Findings ......................................................................................... 53 6.2 Low-income Findings .................................................................................. 53 6.3 Elderly Findings ............................................................................................ 53 6.4 LEP Findings ................................................................................................... 53 7.0 Public Outreach Strategy ............................................................................... 53 8.0 Sources of Information...................................................................................66 8.1 Reports and Studies ..................................................................................... 66 8.2 Internet Sites .................................................................................................. 66 GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 1 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 1.0 Introduction Since 1970, the Federal-Aid Highway Program has required full consideration of possible adverse social, economic, and environmental effects during project planning, development, and decision-making. Federal policies and laws that play a role in federal highway decision making include the following: Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Intermodal Surface Transportation and Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). Environmental Justice (EJ) Executive Order 12898 signed in 1994. Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) signed in 1998. Limited English Proficiency (LEP) Executive Order 13166 signed in 2000. Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2005: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). EPA Memorandum of Understanding on Environmental Justice (2011). The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21). The Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act of 2015 (FAST Act). Per federal law, STIPs must involve early and continuous public involvement and outreach; all peoples must be included in disregard of race, color and natural origin. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on these accounts. In addition, President Clinton signed Environmental Justice (EJ) Executive Order (EO) 12898 in 1994, which defines EJ as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, income or education level, in transportation decision making. The EO mandates that "each federal agency identify and address disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority and/or low income populations." Additionally, EO 13166, signed in 2000, provides guidance on improving access to services for persons with Limited English Proficiency. The Executive Order requires Federal agencies to examine the services they provide, identify any need for services to those with limited English proficiency (LEP), and develop and implement a system to provide those services so LEP persons can have meaningful access to them. To further ensure efforts in EJ outreach, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Environmental Justice and Executive Order 12898 was signed on August 4, 2011. The STIP identifies federally funded transportation projects such as highway, maintenance, bicycle, and pedestrian projects. The Georgia STIP includes transportation projects for rural areas that were developed in the Georgia Department of Transportation's (GDOT's) ongoing planning process. Minority and low-income identification and outreach is required as part of the STIP. According to FHWA Order 6640.23, minority is defined as a person who is African American, Hispanic or Latino, Asian American, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. It further defines a person having low-income as a person whose household income is at or below the Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines. By focusing on minority, and low-income, or traditionally underserved populations, federal agencies can ensure that federal actions are inclusive for all people. In addition to low-income and minority populations, elderly and disabled persons should also be considered GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 2 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report in public involvement and outreach. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) encourages the involvement of people with disabilities in the development and improvement of transportation and paratransit plans and services. This report details the efforts made to identify EJ populations within the STIP area and the strategies used to target these populations through the public involvement process. 2.0 Purpose Public outreach and involvement is extremely important for states to effectively integrate environmental justice concerns into transportation decision-making. During the STIP planning stage and prior to the project development stage, efforts must be made to identify EJ populations within each GDOT District (see Figure 1: GDOT District Map) and include these populations in a meaningful public outreach strategy. EJ populations can be identified using the following sources: (1) U.S. Census Bureau Data, (2) American Community Survey Data, and (3) data collected from local government planning departments and DOT transportation staff. Section 3 discusses the methodology for identifying the EJ populations for the GDOT rural counties. This document serves as the Environmental Justice Identification and Proposed Outreach Report included in the Georgia STIP for the rural counties within the state. To better guide the environmental justice outreach program, an analysis of racial, ethnic, income, and age demographics for each STIP county was conducted. In addition, English proficiency demographics were evaluated to identify populations with limited English proficiency in order to determine the need for materials to be made available in Spanish. Information contained in this report is used to identify characteristics and locations of EJ populations in the Georgia STIP area. In addition, this document outlines outreach strategies specific to EJ populations in rural areas of Georgia to ensure equal involvement of all peoples in the statewide planning process. This document includes the following: (1) methodology used to determine the EJ threshold for minorities, low-income, elderly and limited English proficiency groups; (2) identification of EJ communities that are above the EJ threshold; (3) information on public outreach strategies and best practices; and (4) identification of local EJ organizations and resources for disseminating information to EJ populations. GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 3 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Figure 1: GDOT District Map GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 4 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 3.0 Methodology This section describes the methodology employed in defining and identifying environmental justice populations in the GDOT STIP area. The methodology in this report differs from the FY 2018-2021 report in determining the rural STIP area. Previously, counties not fully lying within the boundary of a MPO were considered rural. This meant that if any portion of a county was not included in a MPO area, then all census tracts in that county were considered rural STIP census tracts. In this report, the designation is no longer county-wide. If a Census tract is not fully within an MPO boundary, then it is still included in the rural STIP area. On the other hand, Census tracts that are fully inside MPO boundaries are no longer included in the rural STIP, even if most of the county falls outside of MPO boundaries. This results in fewer census tracts in the FY2021-24 rural STIP since those completely served by MPOs are no longer designated as rural. Figure 2: Georgia Counties STIP Rural Study Area Map illustrates the rural STIP area. Areas shaded in blue-gray are under the authority of an MPO and are not included in this report. All remaining areas are designated rural STIP areas and are shaded in green. GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 5 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Figure 2: Georgia Counties STIP Rural Study Area Map GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 6 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Minority, low-income, elderly, limited English proficiency (LEP), and populations without internet access were analyzed in the rural STIP area; definitions of these variables are included below. Minority: All persons other than non-Hispanic White population. Low-income: Individuals with total income being at or below the poverty threshold. Elderly: Individuals 65 years of age or greater. Limited English Proficiency (LEP): Individuals greater than 5 years of age and speaking English "not well." LEP population includes people speaking Spanish, Asian and Indo-European languages. However, as Spanish speaking population formed predominantly the largest portion of LEP population, only Spanish speaking population was selected for specific outreach. Households Without Internet Access: Housing units where no occupant can connect to or use the internet using a paid service or any free service. Upon selecting these variables for study, minority, elderly, LEP population and population below poverty threshold data for each of the 625 Census tracts in the 130 counties in the STIP study area were collected from the American Community Survey 2013-2017 5-year estimates (ACS) on the American Fact Finder website (http://factfinder2.census.gov). Total population, minority population, total population age 65 and above, and total population greater than 5 years of age speaking English "not well" (LEP) was taken from the ACS 2013-2017 estimate data. The number of households without internet access was taken from ACS 2014-2018 estimate data. Each variable was calculated as a percentage of the total population of each census tract. ACS 2013-2017 data also included total low income population. However, total population for which income characteristics were determined was used to estimate the percentage of population with income below poverty threshold. The percentages of each variable for every census tract included within the STIP study area were then averaged to yield the average percent for each EJ variable across the entire STIP study area. This percentage was used as the threshold above which a census tract level population was considered an "EJ population." Where a census tract's percentage on a variable met or exceeded the expected STIPwide percentage, the census tract was identified as an EJ community. In other words, these tracts had a larger-than-average percentage of minority, low-income, LEP, or elderly residents. Throughout this report, the terms "EJ community" or "EJ population" refer to a group that is above the STIP-wide threshold. See Table 1 for the EJ thresholds based on STIP-wide population characteristics. Table 1: Environmental Justice Thresholds Minority Low- income STIP Wide Percentages 32.3% 21.1% Source: American Community Survey 2013-2017 estimates; *American Community Survey 2014-2018 estimates Elderly (65+) 16.8% LEP 2.5% No Internet Access 25.3%* GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 7 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Additionally, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The Classes were calculated so that all classes for an EJ category would include roughly the same number of census tracts, while considering variation in data values and keeping the breakpoints at whole numbers. See Table 2 for the class breaks for each class of each variable, and the number of tracts falling in each class of each variable. Variable Minority Low-income Elderly LEP No Internet Access Table 2: Environmental Justice Class Breaks Census Class I Class II Class III Tracts 32% - 39% 40% - 49% 50% - 59% 282 (70 tracts) (66 tracts) (75 tracts) 21% - 23% 24% - 27% 28% - 32% 292 (68 tracts) (72 tracts) (72 tracts) 16% - 17% 18% - 19% 20% - 22% 293 (64 tracts) (76 tracts) (82 tracts) 2% 3% 4% - 6% 201 (55 tracts) (73 tracts) (31 tracts) 379* 25% - 28% (70 tracts)* 29% - 33% (104 tracts)* 34% - 40% (112 tracts)* Class IV 60% - 95% (71 tracts) 33% - 63% (80 tracts) 23% - 49% (71 tracts) 7% - 25% (42 tracts) 41% - 75% (93 tracts)* Source: American Community Survey 2013-2017 estimates; American Community Survey 2014-2018 estimates GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 8 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 4.0 STIP Area Results The following STIP Area Maps present the overall results for each variable (Minority, Low-income, Elderly, LEP, and No Internet Access) calculated for the study area to generate both the State and District Maps. District Maps can be found in Section 5. As mentioned previously, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The locations of census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold are indicated and the intensity of population (Class I to IV) is illustrated. GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 9 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Figure 3: STIP Area Minority EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 10 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Figure 4: STIP Area Low-income EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 11 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Figure 5: STIP Area Elderly EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 12 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Figure 6: STIP Area LEP EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 13 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Figure 7: STIP Area Households Without Internet Access GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 14 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.0 STIP District Area Maps This section presents the results of the EJ analysis at the District level. As mentioned previously, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The locations of census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold are indicated and the intensity of population (Class I to IV) is illustrated. GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 15 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.1 District 1 District 1 is in northeastern Georgia and consists of 21 counties. It begins directly northeast of the Atlanta metro area and stretches to the North Carolina and South Carolina borders. The study area consists of census tracts in 17 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 4 counties in District 1 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. Study area in District 1 contains 90 census tracts of which 8 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 50 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 23 are over the low-income EJ threshold and 37 are over the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 8, below, is a map of the counties located in District 1. Figure 8: District 1 GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 16 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.1.1 Minority EJ Population Figure 9 is a map of the Minority EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 9 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows zero Class IV tracts, 3 Class III tracts, 3 Class II tracts, and 2 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 9. Figure 9: District 1 Minority EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 17 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.1.2 Low-income EJ Population Figure 10 is a map of the Low-income EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 26 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 2 Class IV tracts located in Elbert and Rabun Counties. The analysis also shows 3 Class III tracts, 9 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 10. Figure 10: District 1 Low-income EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 18 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.1.3 Elderly EJ Population Figure 11 is a map of the Elderly EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 56 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 21 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Dawson, Elbert, Habersham, Rabun, Towns, Union and White. The analysis also shows 13 Class III tracts, 7 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 11. Figure 11: District 1 Elderly EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 19 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.1.4 LEP EJ Population Figure 12 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 41 percent of the tracts have an LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 6 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Habersham and Jackson. The analysis also shows 15 Class III tracts, 10 Class II tracts, and 6 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 12. Figure 12: District 1 LEP EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 20 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.1.5 Households without Internet Access Figure 13 is a map of the households without internet access located in District 1. Within District 1, 53 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 6 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Ebert and Stephens. The analysis also shows 11 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 17 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 13. Figure 13: District 1 Households without Internet Access GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 21 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.2 District 2 District 2 consists of 27 counties to the southeast of the Atlanta metro area, stretching to the South Carolina border. The study area consists of census tracts in 26 counties, and does not include any tracts from the single county in District 2 that is completely under the authority of the MPO. District 2 contains 112 census tracts of which 70 are over the minority EJ threshold, 63 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 62 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 26 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 14, below, is a map of the counties located in District 2. Figure 14: District 2 GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 22 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.2.1 Minority EJ Population Figure 15 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 63 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 19 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baldwin, Burke, Greene, Hancock, Jefferson, Laurens, McDuffie, Putnam, Taliaferro, Warren, Washington and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 19 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 18 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 15. Figure 15: District 2 Minority EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 23 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.2.2 Low-income EJ Population Figure 16 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 55 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 16 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baldwin, Burke, Emmanuel, Greene, Hancock, Laurens, McDuffie, Warren, and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 23 Class III tracts, 15 Class II tracts, and 8 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 16. Figure 16: District 2 Low-income EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 24 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.2.3 Elderly EJ Population Figure 17 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 56 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 12 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Emanuel, Greene, Hancock, Laurens, Putnam and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 21 Class II tracts, and 18 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 17. Figure 17: District 2 Elderly EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 25 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.2.4 LEP EJ Population Figure 18 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 23 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 5 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Greene, Putnam, Treutlen, and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 6 Class III tracts, 4 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 18. Figure 18: District 2 LEP EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 26 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.2.5 Households without Internet Access Figure 19 is a map of the located in District 2. Within District 2, 78 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 43 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Dodge, Laurens, Emanuel, Wilkinson, Jenkins, Jefferson, Baldwin, Burke, Hancock, Warren, McDuffie, Greene, Taliaferro, Oglethorpe, Wilkes, and Lincoln. The analysis also shows 30 Class III tracts, 22 Class II tracts, and 6 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 19. Figure 19: District 2 Households without Internet Access GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 27 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.3 District 3 District 3 consists of 31 counties and is located to the southwest of the Atlanta metro area. The study area consists of census tracts in 24 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 7 counties in District 3 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. District 3 contains 99 census tracts of which 6 are over the Minority EJ threshold 46 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 43 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 26 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 20, below, is a map of the counties located in District 3. Figure 20: District 3 GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 28 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.3.1 Minority EJ Population Figure 21 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 63 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 18 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Dooly, Macon, Marion, Peach, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot and Troup. The analysis also shows 17 Class III tracts, 16 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 21. Figure 21: District 3 Minority EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 29 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.3.2 Low-income EJ Population Figure 22 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 43 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Peach, Stewart, Sumter, Troup and Upson. The analysis also shows 14 Class III tracts, 11 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 22. Figure 22: District 3 Low-income EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 30 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.3.3 Elderly EJ Population Figure 23 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 46 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Harris, Macon, Spalding, Stewart, Talbot, Twiggs, Upson and Webster. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 23. Figure 23: District 3 Elderly EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 31 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.3.4 LEP EJ Population Figure 24 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 26 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 3 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Peach and Stewart. The analysis also shows 10 Class III tracts, 5 Class II tracts, and 8 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 24. Figure 24: District 3 LEP EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 32 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.3.5 Households without Internet Access Figure 25 is a map of the located in District 3. Within District 3, 71 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 21 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Stewart, Webster, Sumter, Dooly, Marion, Macon, Twiggs, Talbot, Troup, Meriwether, and Monroe. The analysis also shows 27 Class III tracts, 19 Class II tracts, and 13 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 25. Figure 25: District 3 Households without Internet Access GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 33 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.4 District 4 District 4 consists of 31 counties and is located in the southwestern corner of Georgia. The study area consists of census tracts in 28 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 2 counties in District 4 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. District 4 contains 129 census tracts of which 81 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 67 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 83 tracts are above the lowincome EJ threshold and 48 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 26, below, is a map of the counties located in District 4. Figure 26: District 4 GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 34 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.4.1 Minority EJ Population Figure 27 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 63 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 25 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Ben Hill, Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Coffee, Colquitt, Crisp, Decatur, Early, Grady, Mitchell, Randolph, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas and Tift. The analysis also shows 21 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 21 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 27. Figure 27: District 4 Minority EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 35 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.4.2 Low-income EJ Population Figure 28 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 64 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 25 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Atkinson, Ben Hill, Calhoun, Clay, Coffee, Colquitt, Crisp, Decatur, Early, Grady, Miller, Mitchell, Randolph, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Tift and Wilcox. The analysis also shows 18 Class III tracts, 25 Class II tracts, and 15 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 28. Figure 28: District 4 Low-income EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 36 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.4.3 Elderly EJ Population Figure 29 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 52 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Early, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole and Terrell. The analysis also shows 23 Class III tracts, 19 Class II tracts, and 16 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 29. Figure 29: District 4 Elderly EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 37 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.4.4 LEP EJ Population Figure 30 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 37 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 19 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Atkinson, Berrien, Brooks, Coffee, Colquitt, Decatur, Echols, Grady, and Tift. The analysis also shows 17 Class III tracts, 3 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 30. Figure 30: District 4 LEP EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 38 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.4.5 Households without Internet Access Figure 31 is a map of the located in District 4. Within District 4, 90 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 39 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Echols, Decatur, Lanier, Early, Miller, Baker, Mitchell, Berrien, Atkinson, Tift, Coffee, Irwin, Ben Hill, Quitman, Crisp, and Wilcox. The analysis also shows 41 Class III tracts, 28 Class II tracts, and 19 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 31. Figure 31: District 4 Households without Internet Access GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 39 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.5 District 5 District 5 consists of 26 counties and is located in the southeastern portion of Georgia. The study area consists of census tracts in 23 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 3 counties in District 5 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. District 5 contains 115 census tracts of which 50 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 33 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 57 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 37 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 32, below, is a map of the counties located in District 5. Figure 32: District 5 GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 40 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.5.1 Minority EJ Population Figure 33 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 43 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 6 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Bulloch, Clinch, Evans, Tattnall and Ware. The analysis also shows 6 Class III tracts, 23 Class II tracts, and 15 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 33. Figure 33: District 5 Minority EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 41 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.5.2 Low-income EJ Population Figure 34 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 50 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 14 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Bulloch, Candler, Clinch, Tattnall, Telfair, Ware, Wayne and Wheeler. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 7 Class II tracts, and 24 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 34. Figure 34: District 5 Low-income EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 42 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.5.3 Elderly EJ Population Figure 35 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 29 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 4 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: McIntosh, Telfair and Ware. The analysis also shows 11 Class III tracts, 10 Class II tracts, and 8 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 35. Figure 35: District 5 Elderly EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 43 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.5.4 LEP EJ Population Figure 36 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 32 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Appling, Bacon, Candler, Charlton, Evans, Pierce, Telfair and Toombs. The analysis also shows 15 Class III tracts, 8 Class II tracts, and 5 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 36. Figure 36: District 5 LEP EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 44 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.5.5 Households without Internet Access Figure 37 is a map of the located in District 5. Within District 5, 80 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows 21 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Clinch, Pierce, Jeff Davis, Telfair, Wheeler, and Candler. The analysis also shows 20 Class III tracts, 21 Class II tracts, and 12 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 37. Figure 37: District 5 Households without Internet Access GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 45 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.6 District 6 District 6 is composed of 17 counties located in the northwest corner of Georgia. The study area consists of census tracts in 11 counties, and does not include any tracts from the 6 counties in District 6 that are completely under the authority of the MPOs. District 6 contains 80 census tracts of which 11 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 34 are over the Elderly EJ threshold, 24 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 27 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 38, below, is a map of the counties located in District 6. Figure 38: District 6 GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 46 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.6.1 Minority EJ Population Figure 39 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 14 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 2 Class IV tracts located in Carroll County. The analysis shows 0 Class III tracts, 5 Class II tracts, and 4 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 39. Figure 39: District 6 Minority EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 47 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.6.2 Low-income EJ Population Figure 40 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 30 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 2 Class IV tracts located in Carroll county. The analysis also shows 2 Class III tracts, 5 Class II tracts, and 15 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 40. Figure 40: District 6 Low-income EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 48 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.6.3 Elderly EJ Population Figure 41 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 43 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Chattooga, Fannin, Gilmer and Pickens. The analysis also shows 5 Class III tracts, 11 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 41. Figure 41: District 6 Elderly EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 49 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.6.4 LEP EJ Population Figure 42 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 34 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 13 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Carroll, Chattooga, Gilmer, Gordon, Murray and Polk. The analysis also shows 10 Class III tracts, 1 Class II tracts, and 3 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 42. Figure 42: District 6 LEP EJ Population GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 50 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 5.6.5 Households without Internet Access Figure 43 is a map of the located in District 6. Within District 6, 37 percent of the tracts have households without internet access above the internet access EJ threshold. The analysis shows no Class IV tracts, 3 Class III tracts, 16 Class II tracts, and 12 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 43. Figure 43: District 6 Households without Internet Access GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 51 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 6.0 Focus and Findings Figure 44 provides a summary of the percent of census tracts within each District with EJ populations above the STIP threshold for each category (minority, low-income, elderly, and LEP). This gives a visual comparison of the EJ populations in each District. Figure 44: EJ Summary Chart EJ Population Summary District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 District 5 District 6 0% 9% 56% 26% 41% 63% 56% 55% 23% 63% 46% 43% 26% 63% 52% 64% 37% 29% 32% 43% 50% 14% 43% 30% 34% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Minority Elderly Low Income LEP GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 52 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 6.1 Minority Findings The percentage of minority populations is greatest in Districts 2, 3 and 4 (63%). It is followed by District 5 (43%). District 6 (14%) and District 1 (9%) have the lowest percentage of census tracts above the minority EJ threshold. 6.2 Low-income Findings The percentage of low-income populations is greatest in District 4 (64%). It is followed by District 2 (55%) and Districts 5 (50%) and District 3 (43%). District 6 (30%) and District 1 (23%) have the lowest percentage of tracts above the low-income EJ threshold. 6.3 Elderly Findings The percentage of elderly populations is greatest in Districts 1 and 2 (56%), followed by District 4 (52%), District 3 (46%) and District 6 (43%). District 5 (29%) has the lowest percentage of census tracts above the elderly EJ threshold. 6.4 LEP Findings The percentage of LEP populations is greatest in District 1 (41%), followed by District 4 (37%), District 6 (34%), and District 5 (32%). These higher concentrations of non-English speaking residents demonstrate the need for Spanish language public involvement and outreach strategies within these districts. District 3 (26%) and District 2 (23%) have the lowest percentage of census tracts exceeding the LEP EJ threshold. Spanish language public involvement and outreach is not as critical in this part of the STIP study area; however, it may still be necessary. 7.0 Public Outreach Strategy The public involvement strategy for the STIP FY 2021-2024 was designed to maximize statewide participation and education in both EJ and non-EJ areas despite an ongoing COVID-19 response that restricted the ability to safely gather in person. All of the material that would normally be available at public meetings will be available on the public outreach website. Additionally, there is still an option for the public to view materials in-person, without holding a meeting. Below is an outline of project deliverables for the subject area. (a). Virtual Public Involvement Informational Website An outreach website will be used to share information about the proposed STIP projects and gather feedback from the public. The virtual public involvement website will be available for a 30-day period, and will contain background information about the STIP, an informational welcome video, maps and details of proposed STIP projects, and an interactive comment card, available in both English and Spanish, so people can provide feedback to GDOT. The website will allow the ability to translate the site into many different languages via a button on the site. Additionally, the DRAFT STIP document will be converted into an interactive online publication. This format has the look and feel of a printed publication and allows customers to virtually flip pages within the document. The online publication is fully responsive, mobile-friendly, and viewable in any web browser. The interactive format gives customers the ability to directly access links and watch videos from GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 53 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report within the publication. Customers can use the search function to find specific content or pages. Customers can also download a PDF version or share the publication with others on social media, email, or via the web. The ability to move the outreach materials online has been made possible by Wi-Fi availability and computer access via public libraries across the state. Most libraries have free Wi-fi networks available for patrons, and many still allow use of their in-house computers for limited time slots. This accessibility allows anyone to access the internet and view these public outreach materials for free. (b) Targeted Social Media Advertisements GDOT will utilize paid advertisements on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter to target specific zip codes with information about the STIP and links to the public involvement website. These ads will be focused on zip codes that contain EJ communities, to try to reach these communities and encourage participation. (c) Paid radio advertisements GDOT will utilize paid advertisements on AM radio to target rural areas of the state with a 60 second informational ad that directs listeners to the public outreach website as well as tells them about the ability to visit GDOT District Offices in person to view project maps and the draft STIP document. (d) Media Coordination - Draft press releases will be developed for finalization, with coordination with the Communications Office. A proactive approach to these efforts will provide accurate, up-to-date information to the public and help to minimize misconceptions or misinformation. Information will be disseminated using press releases, social media, and GDOT web site. (e) Display Boards - Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in accordance with statewide restrictions on public gatherings, display boards will be used in lieu of the traditional public meetings. These display boards, along with hard copies of the draft STIP, an informational flier and comment forms available in English and Spanish will be located at each GDOT District's main office, and they will be accessible for anyone to view at their leisure via an appointment while the office is open. The display boards will present a map of all proposed STIP projects in the district. The boards will be available for viewing for a 30-day period. (f). Informational flier An informational flier that contains the same informational narrative that is located on the public involvement website will be available at each GDOT District Office. Considering the existence of concentrations of Spanish-speakers in certain districts, relevant materials will be translated into Spanish on an as-needed basis to ensure successful outreach efforts to those populations. (g) Public Comment & Collection The public will have the opportunity to provide input on the STIP projects via the virtual public involvement website or hard copy comment forms. The website will have an interactive comment form, while physical comment forms will be provided for those who view the display boards at the GDOT District offices. (h). Annual Public Involvement Report - At the conclusion of the STIP cycle, a comprehensive report based on all public outreach will be prepared. The report will synthesize all process documentation completed throughout the preparation and implementation of the outreach. The public outreach techniques will be further refined so that the EJ populations and their geographic GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 54 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report concentrations dictate how the outreach techniques will be targeted for each district. Customized outreach strategies for each GDOT district are outlined below in Tables 3 through 8. In addition to recognizing counties within the STIP study area with census tracts having a greater percentage of minority, low-income, elderly, and LEP populations than the identified EJ thresholds, cities and towns located within Class IV target areas have been identified. The cities and towns contain concentrated amounts of EJ populations and should be considered as priority target areas for distribution of outreach materials. GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 55 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Table 3: District 1 EJ Category Geographic Area (County: City/Town) Elbert Habersham Hart Stephens Walton Minority Low-Income Elbert: Elberton Franklin Habersham Hart Jackson Lumpkin Madison Rabun: Tiger Stephens Walton White Elderly Limited English Proficiency Banks Dawson: Dawsonville Elbert: Elberton Franklin Habersham: Aerial, Turnerville Hart Jackson Lumpkin Madison Oconee Banks Barrow Elbert Franklin Habersham: Alto, Baldwin, Corneila & Raoul Hart Rabun: Clayton, Dillard, Mountain City, Sky Valley, Tallulah Falls & Tiger Stephens Towns: Hiawassee, Tate City & Young Harris Union: Blairsville Walton White: Cleveland, Helen, Sautee Nacoochee & Yonah Jackson: Talmo, Pendegrass, Nicholson Lumpkin Madison Oconee Rabun Stephens Union White GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 56 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Table 4: District 2 EJ Category Minority Low-Income Geographic Areas Baldwin: Hardwick & Milledgeville Bleckley Burke: Waynesboro Columbia Dodge Emanuel Greene: Greensboro & Union Point Hancock: Sparta & Culverton Jefferson: Bartow, Louisville, & Wadley Jenkins Johnson Laurens: Dublin Lincoln McDuffie: Thomson Morgan Putnam: Eatonton & Willard Taliaferro: Crawfordville & Sharon Treutlen Warren: Warrenton Washington: Oconee, Sandersville, & Tennille Wilkes: Washington & Aonia Wilkinson Baldwin: Hardwick & Milledgeville Bleckley Burke: Waynesboro Dodge Emmanuel: Swainsboro Greene: Greensboro & Union Point Hancock: Sparta & Culverton Jasper Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Laurens: Dublin, Rockledge & Garretta Lincoln McDuffie: Thompson Newton Oglethorpe Putnam Taliaferro Treutlen Warren: Warrenton Washington: Sandersville Wilkes: Rayle Wilkinson GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 57 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report EJ Category Elderly Limited English Proficiency Geographic Areas Baldwin Lincoln Bleckley McDuffie Burke Morgan Columbia Newton Dodge Emanuel: Norristown Oglethorpe Putnam: Crooked Creek Glascock Taliaferro Greene: Greensboro, Siloam & White Plains Treutlen Warren Hancock: Sparta & Washington Linton Wilkes: Tignall & Jasper Washington Jefferson Wilkinson Jenkins Johnson Laurens: Dublin & Cadwell Burke Laurens Columbia Dodge Morgan Oglethorpe Emmanuel Putnam: Phoenix Greene: Greensboro & Treutlen: Gillis Springs Union Point Washington Jasper Jefferson Jenkins Wilkes: Rayle Wilkinson GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 58 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report EJ Category Minority Low-Income Elderly Table 5: District 3 Geographic Areas Butts Pulaski Crawford Schley Dooly: Unadilla & Spalding Pinehurst Stewart: Lumpkin & Harris Richland Jones Sumter: Americus Lamar Talbot: Talbotton & Macon: Marshallville, Ypsilanti Montezuma, & Taylor Oglethorpe Troup: LaGrange & Marion: Buena Vista Mountville Meriwether Twiggs Monroe Upson Peach: Fort Valley Webster Butts Schley Dooly Spalding Heard Stewart: Lumpkin & Jones Richland Lamar Sumter: Americus Macon Taylor Marion Troup: LaGrange Meriwether Twiggs Monroe Upson: Thomaston Peach: Fort Valley Webster Pulaski Crawford Pulaski Dooly Schley Harris: Whitesville Spalding: East Griffin Heard Stewart: Richland Jones Sumter Lamar Talbot: Woodland & Macon: Garden Valley Geneva Marion Taylor Meriwether: Troup: LaGrange Manchester, Warm Twiggs: Huber & Danville Springs Upson Monroe Webster: Weston & Pike Centerpoint GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 59 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report EJ Category Limited English Proficiency Geographic Areas Dooly Troup Macon Upson Marion Webster Meriweather Monroe Peach: Fort Valley Stewart: Lumpkin Sumter GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 60 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report Table 6: District 4 EJ Category Minority LowIncome Geographic Areas Atkinson Irwin Baker Lanier Ben Hill: Fitzgerald Lee Berrien Miller Brooks: Quitman Mitchell: Camilla Calhoun: Arlington, Quitman Edison, Leary, & Randolph: Coleman & Morgan Cuthbert Clay: Bluffton & Fort Seminole: Gaines Donalsonville Coffee: Wilsonville Terrell: Dawson Colquitt: Moultrie Thomas: Thomasville Cook Tift: Phillipsburg, Tifton Crisp: Cordele & Unionville Decatur: Attapulgus Turner Early: Blakely Wilcox Echols Worth Grady: Cairo Atkinson: Axson Irwin Baker Lanier Ben Hill: Fitzgerald Lee Berrien Miller: Colquitt Brooks Mitchell: Camilla Calhoun: Arlington, Quitman Edison & Parksville Randolph: Cuthbert & Clay: Bluffton & Fort Coleman Gaines Seminole: Coffee: Douglas Donalsonville Colquitt: Moultrie Terrell: Dawson Cook Thomas: Meigs & Crisp: Cordele Thomasville Decatur:Bainbridge Tift: Omega, Tifton & Early: Blakely & Cedar Unionville Springs Turner Echols Wilcox: Pitts & Seville Grady: Cairo Worth GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 61 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report EJ Category Elderly Limited English Proficiency Geographic Areas Atkinson Irwin Baker: Milford Lanier Ben Hill: Fitzgerald Miller Berrien: Nashville Mitchell Brooks Quitman: Georgetown Calhoun Randolph: Benevolence Clay & Shellman Coffee Seminole: Iron City Colquitt Terrell: Bronwood & Cook Parrot Crisp Thomas Decatur Tift Early: Cedar Springs & Turner Jakin Wilcox Grady Worth Atkinson: Pearson Crisp Ben Hill Decatur: Faceville Berrien: Enigma Echols: Statenville Brooks: Pavo Grady: Cairo Coffee: Douglas Mitchell Colquitt: Berlin, Thomas Ellenton, Funston & Tift: Omega & Moultrie Phillipsburg Cook Turner Wilcox GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 62 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report EJ Category Minority Low-Income Elderly Table 7: District 5 Geographic Areas Appling Long Bacon McIntosh Bryan Montgomery Bulloch: Statesboro Pierce Camden Screven Candler Tattnall: Charlton Reidsville Clinch: Fargo & Telfair Homerville Toombs Effingham Ware: Waycross Evans: Claxton & Daisy Wayne Jeff Davis Wheeler Appling Montgomery Bacon Pierce Brantley Screven Bryan Tattnall: Bulloch: Statesboro Reidsville Camden Telfair: McRae- Candler: Metter & Pulaski Helena & Charlton Scotland Clinch: Homerville, Fargo Toombs & Willamsburg Ware: Waycross Evans Wayne: Jessup Evans Wheeler Jeff Davis McIntosh Appling Pierce Bulloch Screven Camden Tattnall Candler Telfair: Clinch Workmore Evans Toombs Jeff Davis Ware: Waycross McIntosh: Townsend, Wayne Eulonia & South Newport Wheeler Montgomery GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 63 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report EJ Category Limited English Proficiency Geographic Areas Appling: Baxley Pierce: Mershon Bacon: Alma Tattnall Bryan Telfair: McRae- Bulloch Helena & Camden Scotland Candler: Pulaski Toombs: Charlton: Homeland & Ohoopee & Folkston Vidalia Effingham Wayne Evans: Claxton Jeff Davis Long Montgomery GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 64 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report EJ Category Minority Low-Income Elderly Limited English Proficiency Table 8: District 6 Geographic Areas Carroll: Carrollton Chattooga Gordon Polk Carroll: Gilmer Carrollton Gordon Chattooga Haralson Dade Murray Polk Carroll Gilmer: Cherry Log Chattooga: & New Hope Menlo & Gordon Cloudland Haralson Dade Murray Fannin: Blue Pickens: Big Canoe Ridge, & Marble Hill Epworth, Polk McCaysville, Walker Mineral Bluff, & Morganton Carroll: Gordon: Calhoun Carrollton Murray: Chattooga: Chatsworth Trion Pickens Fannin Polk: Akes & Gilmer: Ellijay Cedartown & East Ellijay GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 65 Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report 8.0 Sources of Information 8.1 Reports and Studies "Community Impact Assessment: A Quick Reference for Transportation" (FHWA, 9/96) "Community Impact Mitigation Case Studies" (FHWA, 5/98) "Environmental Policy Statement" (FHWA, 1994) "EPA Environmental Justice Strategy: Executive Order 12898" (EPA, 1995) "EPA Environmental Justice: Guidance Under the National Environmental Policy Act (Council of Environmental Quality, 12/97) "How to Engage Low-Literacy and Limited-English-Proficiency Populations in Transportation Decisionmaking" (USDOT/FHWA 2006) "Practical Approaches for Involving Populations in Transportation Decisionmaking " NCHRP Report 710 (2012) "Effective Public Involvement Using Limited Resources" NCHRP Synthesis 407 (2010) "Public Involvement Techniques for Transportation Decision-making" USDOT (2009) "Transportation & Environmental Justice, Case Studies" USDOT/FHWA (2000) "Transportation & Environmental Justice, Effective Practices" USDOT/FHWA/FTA (2002) 8.2 Internet Sites American Community Survey, http://www.census.gov/ 2010 U.S. Census Bureau (American Fact Finder), http://factfinder2.census.gov Clark Atlanta University Environmental Justice Resource Center, www.ejrc.cau.edu Federal Highway Administration, www.fhwa.dot.gov Federal Transit Administration, www.fta.dot.gov Environmental Protection Agency, www. epa.gov Georgia Department of Transportation, www.dot.state.ga.us Surface Transportation Policy Project, www.transact.org United States Department of Transportation, www.dot.gov GDOT STIP FY 2021-2024 66