Annual report of John Schwartz, Mayor of the city of Savannah for the year ending September 30, 1889 to which is added the treasurer's report and reports of the different departments

-'%..-,
OffISE of
ebEf^K of eoufjeib
^j
>flcliols,
SAVANNAH, QA.
^^^^PWwf^PP^

ANNUAL JREFORT
-OFJOHN SCHWARZ,
Mayor of the City of Savannah,
-FOR THEYEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31ST,j 1889 -L^^^I
-TO WHICH IS ADDED THETREASURER'S REPORT,
-ANDREPORTS OF THE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS.
SAVANNAH, GA. :
GEO. N. NICHOLS, PRINTER AND BINDER.
1890.
MAYOR AND ALDERMEN FOR 1889-90.
MAYOR,
JOHN SCHWARZ.
CHAIRMAN OF COUNCIL,
HERMAN MYERS.
VICE-CHAIRMAN OF COUNCIL,
DR. LOUIS A. FALLIGANT.
ALDERMEN,
WILLIAM P. BAILEY, JOHN J. McDONOUGH,
WILLIAM G. CANN, GEORGE J. MILLS,
J. A. G. CARSON,* HERMAN MYERS,
LOUIS A. FALLIGANT, GEORGE N. NICHOLS,
GEORGE S. HAINES,f WILLIAM F. REID,
RICHARD F. HARMON, ELTON A. SMITH,X
RAYMOND B. HARRIS, DAVID WELLS.
tResigned February 21, 1889.
SResigned November 27, 1889.
-(Elected March 20, 1889.
Elected January 28, 1890.
STANDING COMMITTEES OF COUNCIL, 1890.
AccountsMills, Carson, Haines.
AssessmentsCarson, Falligant, Harris, Reid, Mills.
City LotsCann, Falligant, Haines.
DrainageFalligant, Haines, Mills.
FinanceMyers, Mills, Cann, Carson, Bailey.
FireBailey, Reed, Mills.
Harbor and WharvesHaines, McDonough, Har
mon.
Health and CemeteryHarris, Reid, Falligant.
MarketReid, Harris, Harmon.
PoliceNichols, Cann, Myers.
Streets and LanesHarmon. Cann, Nichols, Mc
Donough, Bailey.
WaterMcDonough, Myers, Nichols.
BOARD OF SANITARY COMMISSIONERS.
Aldermen Harris and Myers. Citizens J. R. Saussy,
J. F. Wheaton, G. L. Cope,* J. R. Sheldon.f
COMMISSIONERS OF EDUCATION.
Lee Roy Myers, from Citizens at Large. R. D. Walker,
from Commissioners Chatham County.
JOHN SCHWARZ, Mayor.
Died January 10,1890.
tAppolnted March 21,1890.
CITY OFFICERS.
Clerk of CouncilFrank E. Rebarer.
City TreasurerCharles S. Hardee.
City MarshalRobert J. Wade.
City EngineerWilliam J. Winn.
Chief of PoliceJohn Green.
SergeantsJ. B. Killourhy, S. C. Lee, Henry Ling,
0. F. Reilly.
Messenger of CouncilJohn Harrison.
City AttorneySamuel B. Adams.
Judge of the City CourtWilliam D. Harden.
Clerk of the City CourtPhilip M. Russell.
City SheriffLionel L. Goodwin.
Clerk of the MarketThomas A. Maddox.
Harbor MasterRobert C. Kennedy.
Health OfficerWilliam F. Brunner, M. D.
Keeper of City DispensaryLewis Cass.
Keeper of Laurel Grove CemeteryW. L. Haupt.
Keeper of Forsyth PlaceTheodore Meves.
Keeper of Pest HouseThomas Corr.
City PhysiciansBenj. F. Sheftall, W. W. Owens.
Chief FiremanW. B. Puder.
Assistant Chief FiremanGeorge Mouro.
Superintendent and Engineer Water WorksJames
Manning.
City PrinterSavannah Times Publishing Com
pany.
Port WardensWilliam B. Adams, S. J. M. Baker,
John Powers, Lewis Wiggins.
Chimney ContractorsEastern Division, Daniel Sul
livan ; Western Division, Albert Freeman.
MAYOR'S REPORT.
MAYOR'S OFFICE, )
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1890. j
Fellow Citizens :
Pursuant to Ordinance, I submit for your informa
tion a general statement of the condition of the city in
regard to its Finances, Receipts and Expenditures for
the year ending December 31st, 1889.
The Treasurer's Report, carefully itemized, so as to
give explicit information as to receipts from every
source, and expenditures for each department of the
city government, is appended. The reports of the va
rious City officers, concerning their respective depart
ments, will, together with this statement, be published
in pamphlet form, which will also contain Statistics of
the Port, and other information of public interest.
The balance in the Treasury on the 1st January,
1889, was $32,163 68. The Receipts for the year have
been $667,060 18, and the Expenditures $680,054 50,
leaving a balance in the Treasury December 31st, 1889,
of $19,169 36.
The general purposes for which the money has been
expended, and the sources from which the revenue has
been derived, are shown by the following Trial Balance
of the Treasurer's books :
TRIAL BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1889.
Expenditures. Receipts.
Board of Health $ 31,458 74 $ 200 50
Board of Health, O. E. M.... 12,778 27 7,043 60
City Clocks 30 00
City Court 4,554 79 2 45
6 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
City Lamps $ 25,510 00 $
City Lots 9,163 29
City Maps 715 00 249 00
Drainage 443 31
Dry Culture 11,918 20 1,100 00
Fees 1,693 86 5,536 76
Fire Department 38,561 95 605 88
Ground Rents 31,143 98
Harbor and Wharves 1,885 47 1,376 98
Incidentals 10,456 28 245 02
Interest 136 85 2,290 85
Coupons from Bonds of 1879, 165,187 49
Coupons from Bonds of 1883, 16,879 92
Coupons from old City Bonds 139 87
Laurel Grove Cemetery 7,818 72 2,103 00
Licenses 52,290 00
Market 5,753 76 18,476 40
Matured City Bonds, Issue of
1866 100 00
Opening Streets 3,150 00 3,000 00
Parks and Squares 7,059 28 12 50
Paving Sidewalks 729 17
Paving Streets 105,799 34 30,311 40
Police 53,993 97 377 00
Police Court 5,440 00
Printing and Stationery 4,577 38 170 00
Public Buildings 995 35
Quarantine ' .... 10,338 68 17,335 09
Rents 4,101 63
Salaries 21,444 88
Scavenger Department 19,873 82 207 85
Sinking Fund Bonds of 1879, 25,088 75
Sinking Fund Bonds of 1883, 6,392 75
Streets and Lanes 41,708 84 5,748 15
Taxes, 1881 187 50
Taxes, 1882 227 25
Taxes, 1883 229 50
Taxes, 1884 11 40
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 7
Taxes, 1885 $ $ 218 17
Taxes, 1886 ' 147 58
Taxes, 1887 1,415 29
Taxes, 1888 42 50 88,67125
Taxes, 1889 145 57 321,671 06
Waterworks 43,520 91 54,920 68
Cash on hand Dec. 31, 1889.. 19,169 36
Balance ace't of ledger, being
cash on hand Jan. 1, 1889.. ., 32,163 68
$699,223 86 $699,223 86
THE RONDED DEBT.
The outstanding bonded debt of the City on January
1st, 1889, was as follows :
Bonds of 1879, $3,287,500
Bonds of 1883, 342,500
Old Bonds 13,300
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad Bonds endors
ed by the City $2,000
30 per cent, as per compromise
agreement 600 2,600
Total $3,645,900
The issue of 1879 has been increased $8,800 by issues
in exchange for old outstanding Bonds, but the issue
of 1879 has been reduced by the purchase and cancel
lation of Bonds of the face value of $24,000. The issue
of 1883 has been reduced $6,050 by purchase and can
cellation of Bonds of said issue.
The present outstanding bonded debt, with the tran
sactions of 1889 with reference thereto, may be ex
pressed as follows:
8
BONDED DEBT JANUARY i, 1890.
Bonds compromise 1879 issued
and outstanding Jan. 1, 1889. .$3,287,500
Issued in 1889 in exchange for
old Bonds 8,800
$3,296,300
Less redeemed and cancelled by
Sinking Fund Commissioners.. 24,000
Amount outstanding $3,272,300
Bonds compromise 1883 issued
and outstanding Jan. 1, 1889.. 342,500
Less redeemed and cancelled by
Sinking Fund Commissioners.. 6,050
Amount outstanding 336,450
Old Bonds outstanding 4,500
Atlantic & Gulf R. R. endorsed
Bonds outstanding 2,000
Add 30 per cent., as per compro
mise agreement 600
2,600
Total bonded debt Jan. 1, 1890, $3,615,850
With the exception of $4,500 of old Bonds and
$2,000 of Atlantic & Gulf Railroad endorsed Bonds,
the issues of 1879 and 1883 comprise the entire in
debtedness. These issues bear interest at the rate of
5 per cent.
The market value of City Bonds continues above
par, and the Sinking Fund Commissioners have been
obliged to pay premiums of not less than 104, and even
as high as 107, for those purchased for cancellation
under the law.
The following tables show the present bonded in
debtedness and give a succinct account and history of
the Bonds of the issue of 1879 and 1883:
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
CO
Q
Z
o
CQ
X
< W
z K
2
< 2
>
i
< h
Ul 2
fc n
()
K
>^ W
F- UH
i< LO
u
en
UH r^-
O
co
M CO
w
<
H
OS .
JOK
t* H
S
Ul Z
H
S w
S *
go"
on
CO
iSiS
[ 00 CO t- c
I OTfQOC
I 00 Ct I"- I O GOOiCO i
K S^^**' '
ggoco
OWifl
OJ t- l~-
S QOOSD -
g I OCOI-H
OCS STT3 COr1 cfi-T
10 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
m
Q
2
O
PQ
X f/0
< td
7. CC
2
< 2
>

< H
U) 2
fc n
C)
K
>
UJ
H
Un
><
O T
PH
CO
CO
o
00
H td
2
D
M
s
tI
w
H
<
H
o a .
THCOOS
OOO
O COOT-^-i
S5
IOT-I
glOOO
ss
uh
111
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 11
CITY PROPERTY.
The following is a list of property owned by the
City :
City Exchange.
City Tombs, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4.
Wharf foot of Abercorn Street.
Wharf foot of Drayton Street.
Wharf foot of Whitaker Street.
Wharf foot of West Broad Street, and Brick Store
thereon.
Lot No. 73 Brown Ward, and Engine House thereon.
Lot No. 23 Forsyth Ward, and Engine House there
on.
Lot No. 24 Forsyth Ward.
West half Lot No. 37 Washington Ward, and En
gine House thereon.
Police Barracks and Lots.
City Pound, Stables of Street and Lane Department
and Lots.
Part Lot Letter E, Percival Ward, and City Dis
pensary.
City Market.
Lot B, subdivision of Lot 5 Marshall Ward.
Lot No. 77 Mercer Ward.
Lot B, Mercer Ward.
Lots Nos. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, Owens Ward (Dillon
Tract).
Lots Nos. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, Duncan Ward (Dillon Tract).
Lots Nos. 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, Flannery Ward (DiMon Tract).
Lots B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q,
R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Springfield.
Lots Nos. 51, 52, 53, 54, Springfield.
Lots Nos. 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, Springfield.
Lots Nos. 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81,
82, 83, 88, 89, 91, 92, 96, 97, 98, Springfield.
12 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Lot No. 51 Lee Ward, and Hose House thereon,
the same deeded by Estate of J. J. Waring, condi
tional upon its use for Fire Department service.
Ten acres of land between White and Colored Cem
eteries.
That tract of land known as McLeod's Mill Site,
which lies south of the road running through said
place, and parallel to the Savannah River, and not
used by the Water Works, &c.
Canal Lot No. 9, east side Canal, between the two
bridges.
Tract of land used by the Water Works.
Portion of Hutchinson's Island known as the west
ern part of piling closing up Fig Island Channel.
Eastern portion of Hutchinson's Island, containing
560 acres.
Tract of land corner Gwinnett and West Boundary
Streets.
Lot north side Gwinnett Street, east of Bilbo Canal,
Johnston Ward.
Lot south side Gwinnett Street, east of Bilbo Canal,
Haywood Ward.
Lot east of S., F. & W. Railway Yard, Johnston
Ward.
AMOUNTS DUE PER ANNUM FOR GROUND RENT TO THE
CITY OF SAVANNAH.
Wards. Lots. Amount.
Brown 27 $1,284 12
Calhoun 34 2,463 05
Charlton 13* 668 57
Chatham.....' 34| 1,484 67
Columbia 29f 1,222 41
Crawford 46 1,432 82
Crawford, East 5 440 13
Cuthbert 1 44 80
Decker 1 10 00
Elbert 32 1,150 24
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 13
Forsyth 19 $1,763 92
Franklin 26 785 53
Franklin, New 11 1,279 83
Green 30 823 88
Jackson 34i 1,06176
Jasper 29| 859 36
Lafayette 24* 1.267 66
Lloyd 12f 1,740 33
Liberty 24 670 25
Monterey 43* 2,242 38
Pulaski 25 1,025 67
Reynolds 1 151 68
Stephens 5* 753 84
Troup 27 1,267 53
Warren 18* 347 74
Washington 32 480 69
Wesley 12* 536 23
Springfield 30* 1,3<>7 83
Total 631 $28,566 92
Council, acting on the opinion of the Corporation
Attorney, (published elsewhere) decided by resolution
adopted November 19, 1889, to have the ground rent
lots assessed for purposes of taxation. It is generally
believed that an injunction, to restrain the city from
levying and collecting a tax on these lots, will be ap
plied for by the owners thereof, and this matter will
doubtless be carried to the Supreme Court for final
settlement.
The following resolution looking to the payment of
balance of purchase money due on said lots, the inter
est on such balances being what is known as ground
rent, was adopted at meeting of Council December 11,
1889 :
"Resolved, That a Special Committee of five be
appointed to recommend to Council a plan of settle
ment between the city and the owners of that class of
lots heretofore called ground rent lots, with a view of
14 MAY'OR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
securing the paying up of the balances of purchase
money and interest due the city; such committee to
have power to confer with the owners of such lots
with that object in view."
The committee have not reported up to this date,
but, taking in view the right of the owners of the lots
in question to retain perpetually the balances referred
to, it remains to be seen what result will be obtained
by the conference suggested, and subsequent action of
the Special Committee and of Council in reference
thereto, towards the paying up of these unpaid bal-
.ances. It is, however, considered as almost certain,
that in the event the Supreme Court should decide
that said lots are liable to taxation as other real prop
erty, the owners will pay up the unpaid purchase
money to avoid payment of interest thereon, and thus
make the lots fee simplea result which, if obtained,
will definitely settle this question for the future.
A full statement, showing in detail property not
now paying taxes, including ground rent lots, church
property, etc., will be published with the officers' re
ports and statistics.
In the tax ordinance for 1890, passed December 27,
1889, the rate on real estate and personal property,
including stock in trade, was omitted, to be fixed later
on when it has been fully determined whether the
State law requires that all taxable property must be
taxed at the same rate, and without discrimination.
This question will be presented to the Supreme Court as
early as practicable, and it is reasonably expected that
the matter will be decided in time to permit Council to
fix the rate prior to the close of the first quarter of
1890.
Should the Supreme Court decide that the city must
place the same tax on personal property as on real
estate, it is believed that the tax on the latter will be
less than for several years previous.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 15
STREETS AND LANES.
The committee in charge of this department have
given it close attention, and while the appropriation
for 1889 ($37,000) was not as great as that fixed for
several years past, the results obtained this year have
been most satisfactory.
The expenses have been $41,708.84. From this
should be deducted amount received from various
parties for grading side walks, for grading and haul
ing material on Liberty street, etc., $1,361.96, and
from the Central Railroad and Banking Company for
work done bj the city on River street made necessary
by the laying of the track of said company, $4,386.19,
making a total to be credited to the department of
$5,748.15, leaving net expense for the year $35,960.69.
This amount has been expended in keeping the streets
in repair, repairing sewers, and for the ordinary ex
penses of the department, the details of which may
be seen by reference to the Treasurer's report. A full
description of the work done is set forth in the report
of the City Surveyor published elsewhere.
Bay street has been extended through the lands of
the Ocean Steamship Company, and from the western
part of Mr. Exley's land to the Augusta road. Efforts
are being made to open said street through the lands
of Mr. Exley, and it is to be hoped a conclusion in
regard to the matter will be reached at an early date,
and the same secured to public use.
PARKS AND SQUARES.
A general improvement in the condition of the parks
and squares has resulted this year. The railings
around several of the squares have been removed, and
neat, substantial stone curbing placed instead; new
walks have been laid in many, and old trees removed
and new ones substituted, both in the squares and on
the streets. The general air of neatness and cleanli-
\f
16 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
ness which prevails in this department evidences the
interest taken in connection therewith on the part of
the Street and Lane Committee, by whom it is con
trolled.
The expenses of the department for the year have
been $7,059.28.
PAVING STREETS.
The total amount expended in this department dur
ing the year was $105,799.34. Of this amount $16,-
361.83 was for Broughton street, from Abercorn to
East Broad street, and $71,926.76 for Liberty"street.
The above work was contracted for by former Council.
The remainder, $17,510.75, was expended for paving
Jefferson street, from Broughton to Charlton streets,
under a contract made during this year. Granite
blocks were used in paving same, and a good substan
tial pavement, so long needed on this much used
thoroughfare, given to the public, at least as far as
Charlton street. I trust the finances of the city will
soon permit the continuation of this pavement to An
derson street.
The collections from owners of property for their
portion of the cost for street paving have not been
such as the city authorities, under the law governing
this matter, had reason to expect. Especially has this
been the case on Liberty street. Many of the owners
of property located thereon refused to pay their por
tion of the cost, and carried the matter into the courts
for the purpose of restraining and finally preventing
the city from collecting the amount due by them. The
courts have not yet decided the question, and the
funds due the city from this source, remain unpaid.
The following statement, showing amount assessed
against property owners for street paving, amount
paid by them, and amount still due, is published for
information :
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 17
STATEMENT OF AMOUNTS DUE FOR PAVING STREETS
ON DECEMBER 31, 1889.
For Paving Liberty Street East End
Total bills against property own
ers $36,325 65
Less amounts collected by office
collections $9,601 88
By City Marshal 6,311 56
15,913 44
To be collected from property... $20,412 21
To be collected from railroads... 2,694 05
$23,106 26
For Paving Liberty Street West End
Total bills against property own
ers $3,745 77
Less amounts collected by office
collections '. . .$ 1,458 72
By City Marshal 234 95
1,693 67
To be collected from property... $2,052 10
To be collected from railroads... 963 44
3,015 54
For Paving Broughton StreetAbercorn to East
Broad, Streets
Total bills against property own
ers $8,746 38
Less amounts collected by office
collections $ 5,238 73
By City Marshal 2,333 43
7,572 16
To be collected from property... $1,174 22
To be collected from railroads... 806 17
$1,980 39
18 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
For Paving Jefferson Street
Total bills against property own
ers $6,884 85
Less amounts collected by office
collections 4,126 21
To be collected from property... $2,758 64
The difference of $1,005.92 in receipts, as between
this statement and the balance sheet of the Treasury
Department, is owing to receipts on account of Con
gress and Bull Streets, and amount paid by S., F. &
W. Railway for assessment and extra work.
WATER DEPARTMENT.
Alvin N. Miller, who was elected Superintendent of
this department in January, 1882, and who held said
office up to the day of his death, died on the 24th day
of March, 1889. A competent and deserving officer,
his death was regarded as a loss to the public service.
The receipts from this department have been $54,
920.68, and expenditures $43,520.91, the water works
still proving a source of revenue to the city.
It has been felt for some time that the supply from
the artesian wells at the Water Works has not been
sufficient for the public demand. These wells are
from four to ten inches diameter, and about 400 feet in
depth. A larger and deeper well is being bored in the
southwestern portion of the city, and splendid results
have already followed the experiment.
It is now proposed to deepen the wells at the works,
and if similar results are attained the supply will be
more than sufficient for the capacity of the pumps
now in use. The attention of the authorities has
repeatedly been called to the waste of water by the
public. This waste often affects the pressure through
out the city, and the use of water meters may become
necessary to show the exact consumption by water
takers, and prevent this useless waste. Reference to
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 19
the report of the Superintendent will show the large
consumption of water in proportion to the population
of our city, and also the work accomplished in this
department during the year.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
The present system of regular and call men has not
met the requirements of the fire service as fully as
desired. Council has given this matter careful consid
eration, and decided to place the department on a full
paid basis. This has been estimated for in the budget
for 1890, and will go into effect February 1st, next.
The Chief Fireman's report, hereto appended, con
tains details of expenses, number of fires, casualties,
etc. The report is comprehensive and complete as to
the workings of the department for the year, and I
invite attention to it for full information as to this
important branch of the public service.
The cost of the department for the year has been
$38,561.95.
POLICE.
The expenses of the Police Department have been
$53,993.97, but this department is credited with $5,440
collected as fines in the Police Courtleaving net
cost $48,553.97. Six additional policemen have been
estimated for in the budget for next year, and the
establishment of police signal stations is now under
consideration. Strict discipline has been maintained,
and the members of the force continue to perform
their duty with fidelity and zeal.
MARKET.
The sanitary condition of the Market has been much
improved by a connection with sewer on Barnard
street. This work has removed the cause for com
plaint heretofore existing by reason of the dampness
of the basement occasioned by improper drainage.
20 ' MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The receipts for the year have been $18,476.40 and
expenses $5,753.76. The net revenue being $12,722.64.
DRY CULTURE.
The drainage of the low lands about the city, and
the care of Hutchinson's Island, as well as all other
work with which this department is charged, have
been carefully looked after by the Drainage Commit
tee. The portion of Hutchinson's Island owned by
the city is still under lease to T. H. Massey, and the
banks and ditches thereon are kept in good condition.
The expenses of this department for the year have
been $11,918.20. The receipts $1,100. Net cost $10,-
818.20.
HEALTH AND CEMETERY.
Under the heads of "Board of Health," "Quaranantine," "Laurel Grove Cemetery," and "Scavenger
Departments," in the Treasurer's report, will be found
a statement of accounts of the Health and Cemetery
Department.
Salaries of the Health Officer, City Physicians,
Quarantine Officer, Keeper of City Dispensary, Keeper
of Laurel Grove Cemetery, expenses of keeping
Quarantine Station, cleaning and disinfecting the
city, as well as the charities dispensed for the main
tenance of the indigent sick at the hospitals, are
charged to this department. During the present year
the Keeper's quarters and the fence around Laurel
Grove Cemetery have been repaired, painted, white
washed, etc., and are now in fair condition.
Attention is called to the fact that there are only a
few lots in Laurel Grove Cemetery remaining unsold,
and I respectfully suggest that provisson be at once
made, either by filling in the low lands adjacent to the
cemetery, if feasible, or by the selection and purchase
of other lands, to meet the future demand for burial
lots.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 21
CHARITIES.
The following disbursements have been made for
the indigent sick:
Savannah Hospital $3,600 00
St. Joseph's Infirmary 3,600 00
Georgia Infirmary 4,200 00
For Medicines and Maintenance City Dispen
sary 3,833 31
For Salaries City Physicians 2,000 00
For Burial Expenses of the Poor 323 60
For Maintenance Small Pox Hospital 450 00
Total $18,006 91
QUARANTINE.
The expenses of this department have been $10,-
338.68, and the receipts $17,335.09, induing $7,562.94
received from B. D. Green for stone ballast sold him
from Quarantine Station.
The requirements of the commerce of the port make
it imperatively necessary that better facilities for dis
charging ballast from vessels at quarantine be at once
provided. The expenditure for this purpose has been
estimated for, and improvements will shortly be com
menced. The plans and specifications for the work
provide for better wharf facilities, quick discharging
of ballast, and for all modern conveniences attached
to a first-class quarantine station. The work will be
pushed as rapidly as possible and every effort made
to place this branch of the public service on a basis in
keeping with the importance of the port, and to com
plete the same in time to meet the demands and facili
tate the business of the coming season.
THE O. E. M. DEPARTMENT.
The amount paid for the removal of contents of
privy vaults is $12,778.27, and the amount received
from owners of property for cleansing vaults $7,043.60,
22 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
leaving the net cost of this department $5,734.67 for
cleansing 1,356 privies, at an average cost to the City
of Savannah of $4.22 net each.
A crematory that would destroy the contents of
privy vaults and the garbage of the city would obviate
the necessary hauling of the same to long distances
without the city, and would materially decrease the
cost of the O. E. M. and Scavenger Departments. It
is, therefore, a source of regret that the crematory re
cently built by the United States Gas and Fuel Com
pany proved a failure. The same was erected as an
experiment, and without expense to the city.
SCAVENGER DEPARTMENT.
The expenditures of this department have been
$19,873.82, less amount received from sale of mules,
empty sacks, etc., $207.85, leaving net cost $19,665.97,
which includes the salary of the Superintendent, time
of hands, forage, etc.
The work done by this department continues effect
ive and satisfactory.
CITY LAMPS.
The contract for lighting the city, which has held
for several years past, expiring at the end of the com
ing year, a new contract has been entered into with
the Brush Electric Light and Power Company, of this
city, to furnish and maintain 200 arc lights, instead of
100 as at present, of 600 candle power each, at a cost
of $20,000 per annum. The contract goes into effect
January 1, 1891, and is for four years, the Company
agreeing to put up as soon as possible, in 1890, the
100 additional lights provided for in the new contract,
and maintain the same during said year without extra
expense to the city.
RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS.
For detailed information of the work done towards
the improvement of the river and harbor to date, I
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 23
respectfully refer you to the able report of Lieutenant
0. M. Carter, U. S. Engineer Corps, published else
where, which gives a full history of the appropria
tions made from time to time, by the General Govern
ment, for this port, and the manner in which said
appropriations have been applied.
It affords me pleasure to bear testimony to the effi
ciency of the officers of the city government in gen
eral, and to express to my colleagues in the City
Council my warm appreciation of the courtesy and
assistance extended me by them in the discharge of
the important duties of the Mayoralty.
The year 1889 has been a most prosperous one for
our city. Business has been good, and a general feel
ing of confidence as to the present and future com
mercial importance of Savannah is strong amongst us.
Good health has attended che year, and for this and
other blessings we should be thankful.
Respectfully submitted,
JOHN SCHWARZ,
Mayor.
24 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
pi o
oi
oo
oo
r-i
Tl
COdW
f^ fl ^ c $ H s T1
SQ . ^ z
fc)
<
1-5
fi^s
w
^
P3
^s

og
as
^
m
S co
fe.
P
^w
0
Ss
<
^
Q
o
M
RH
>
^
w
ft^^

g
fe
<1 o
fei
^
^
oHWswH
-! H
02
'
8
8
0
m
O
m
in
8
O TT -i- ^r
O

^
p
.o .^
&.
^
*

in
o
-
0 (J . o
-Q . '*-<o
rt Is - o S g
rt >

o
"> tu

^ ^^
a
c . -o S-a

O
" rt "> rt
Cu OH 0,
Hc
rt
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 25
o O Q l-( n
w O O O o
in o o o
in m in N c> o
o
o
- V3 bo ^
= Q a
o - o
O^
TS -a
'a M
'
Cu 0.
re c nj .
> 5 ^ o
0
5
o-o '
O 3
**- O
in E
v* *- U
o 8-a
'Co ^
aj - --
o
i-a --5
i x
o ho
.s- ex.
be
c
u 3H
- o
SO
hJ -^ u
J ^ M .= c
n ? I S- \J C w ^
S m 5 :.S s*
0^ ^; tn ^ w rt C
a. u - t. i. s'
X
N O u O O "
-O i3 -a T3 T3 T3
rt a. S
- <" sic
u o "^ c
i-a.!
- 'Srt u ;rt rt rt d, a. cu
^3 o
^ a. ^ u n
C >
&' OJ
k-u ^
.^ T3 "rt u
rt
O-
. o o
. D- .
CLOO
CTi OO
11 rt s
2 reQ
'5
.~^J o
u '5 '3
o
.33 .-^
-
rt
t, o
CU
o . **-
S X
r 0
^
rt rt
h' <D "^
o3 C -D m
26 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
in rt i
3- t-t \r> 1-4
co m o W en r** N -sa
in O
en co
in m
r^- r- N co cr> O co ir> moo
30 -^- w in
bo
o -aZ
' - '
* >- be.
ID
[/> 1/3
r^^
n
o.;
c-S
J2 J2 5 . o M
c
^
rt " ^-
3
-.* " B s S c > 3
(J S C i- X! 01 M U
C
ci
c
. rt
J3
s, buck
brush
Deras a
te chlo
nyle, a
barrels
ices of
: hand
on hir
*o
r^-S art" r-
rt n O jf "i
a. > u cu OH ^J-
' Z X
s s &
2S o u o o o o
rpos
for
tim
des
-a s^ o "a -5 T3 -o -o -o
u
'H ^ ' 'rt 'rt 'rt
3 TJ "C ^
rt u
ffl ^Brt "
~ . E
1-" 0
in u
<u
0
o
OH -C rt
3 Sg3
^
>
..-wo
O. - C "
. a; bo ^- _
;- - .B S ^
r
B
s .
?; tfl o _
S < -a . 0
!U U U O
t- C bu u , 0 S3 S rt;
u15 .-=
, c -a
rt bo g OJ
M 3 ^ 3
STO
^ o.H
O c
O
3
>
3
bo
O O J2 O O rt C
g-a J-a-a
CU OH Cu Cu CU Cu
o
in
> o
5J2o S e
XD.5
0"3
J E'o
13 OJ W 03
S >T3 >
=Q
O en vo= I53 ^
^
.22 c
So 2
o
a
o
H v
d 04
1
ectio
ne. .
rshal
odorl
so r^oo o
--CO X! OO OO
tn oo oo co oo
t) O i- i- i- iS-SS^ -^ rt rt rt
Q D OJ D W
o u 2 t^"
u E .*- c om offi vating rom
C
accou
rt o o
oT en (/) c/5 u)
^
C C C fl C o o o O
^ 3 3 3 3
TD X TJ '
(U (U QJ , (D OJ u u
w X >< X x
^
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 27
n o 1-1 O in f>
O o O o O CT.
n 1-1 r> n J^
fi en n o o en
CU
S 3
. y
3
rt "
a
c
c
tn
rt
c ^
o 8
.5 J3
3
i- tfl
^ bo 'o
c 3 t^
(J
CD W a)
3
bo O
.SO
3i-3
0 3 vi
0o.2
2-2 "2 5
X! V) P
- >> >N -O u - M
T3 C O
rt o "i O Or^
O 2 3s1 =
4
rt 5^
"1 en -J
rt t/i
rt fe 2
^ o ^-^ i"
2'5 ;'>
- 2
" bo ^
o
0
aj >% <u S" ! OJ
rs
c^ ci1
"
'-O Si^s en
^
*n -a rt -rJ S TJ 'C T3 -a 13 T3 en
'S C
-S rt U
c o
3.a
" ^
fa -
a v.
. o
<**-
o72
JS a
o o-
^ X
u
Ul C
> q
rt *-
Q 2
1 E S
^ T3
1U
S
-a -o
o c
ps
28 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
o
CU. S.9
ss;
bo i
41 C
i ai
Ul >
O
I
ES
J o
:0^
. bij"aJ
. "O rt
ui -g ho
z^
1 bo rt
<-) .5*
&1
c .-
o ^
6
X ui i/i
^"^
a c
o
EI*
rt 1/1
Q c 5
en en
Ul
6^
u
uM &
0) <u
JQE
c
21! o
J^J (J ^- L.' ID
^"2
U U)
rt ^ "rt
Ul IJ Ul
O "SS Sow
S3 --
o a o
3
C O C
rt u
, o
in *1:
ajS E
"rt o 2
I" B
o 3
iJ
"rt T-J
o
(Drt
en
5 3
2 u 2
s
g
i
E
o EQ E
rt s rt p rt
"^ 0 o -o O -a o -a
o i: o^z" ^ 1c <* 3
-a C 01 -o rt "^ .
-o - -O --o -
01 3 bo 01 S "i ^T -
01 - OJ , OJ -
_>
u S
> s > o.> 5
'S >> 0J > o. <D rt 'S rt OJ rt ^ ^J E o -
4)
1- o i- (3
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 29
en r- o
5.3 bog
"
U
.S S
- ^ Ul .
10 O rt JD
: oi "
0

-U 1- ^ 0)
U OJ > -
- fe c '-' 1
a>5 3 !
u! ui u i
r i- j- bo'i
2 o 2 c
(J o F
-n
e/l n
O -1
x: tn en
o
-o en
E oi c
r^ g oi
o a
>- 3
2E
a^--
S
0
, rt en"
01
is.
rt w
rt rt ' CUCU
. <v "rt o
01 c ^
c . .
> 01 r01 . .5
' S E-S
Ul" U. - U) 5
-^ -^ S " <-> "-'r rt
: o o o o o
1 " " C XH -
'22 p 2 2 2
- 'rt 'rt ^ 'rt 'rt rt ^
CUO. CUCUC01 J5 E J3
n
re E
O = >
u
ui ^ ~
">"? - o
rt rt S2
oi" o "o &
I 2
E
1
o .
J;
a
o v^ &
a >
C
a
oi <3 o"
b
>
05
30 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
I
m O
O co
rt O-rt
^ rS
01 ^
11 " i- o
J2 U O JO
E
01 =
> v.
enX
O O en iZ "" u 0
01
O ui
D. 4J
on ii X C
<JO ^_
oo 0
4) '-5 u rt
\B M
-O o C rt
f=- rt
^3 O ^
E o
s
Si
i.S 01 u
: o
c
E
' OO 01
"2-rtS.
y oi (fi
11 & " "- 0
>- . :
"= Z
M
" "
^ a. i
u ^H 01 T
- .Z
01 oj
c

"O
-o
rt x
aj-Oc
ui afie
oi v- .^
Ul 01 "
c c
oi rt rt
01
- S'-C Ul
-a
'- bb" VH
: -a g -a ci oi
" " 'P rt J=
cua.
5
I O
05
en '
u y w * p
. o
* -Mrt

rt
J3
J5 o " .O ' o t-
-
01 u
t. s O 01 o
. o
o
Q 01
^- ^l
3

en
_rt
O '
t
- ui O ui X
ary I
ity S
E
rt ^ rt CU
en' 2
-O rt
bo
c
Janu
sive.
m C
o |gG o
P s o C o c o
a?>
3
en
.21;
-a
01 rt -a
0) Sgd^S ss:
.2 S "o 8-iS 8 o ?>,
bo o
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 31
N O w>
*T <S CO
p
rt ' E S3
^S c >.
CO
' rt 3
rt
' 2
$> 8 C
rt rt
X >- O u SH
boil c o
3
n 2 u'bk) 01 c
^J= =
o o oi Ul a)
T3 01 t/i
rt *
Q 0 1 (J c bo oi
s
!
E
2
r 208 pou
from
O
or servic
c
Ul ^
- 01
0 S
SBrt
^ n o-o-
" -o-u
01 -+- oi Cu (D 3
'S
o
01
tyne
eceiv
pany
pum
32 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
I o
3 3'-
' 0
"
^ bo's ui
P
-
rt 73 g
I-U ""C v.O
^-* Ul "3 3
P M C. 0
C Ul
--5 Ul H 41 _ rt
Ul 3 O
c
o o^
W ' ** i_
IM Ul Ul 2
.S 3
a s-a
pn a. rt
3 3
O Ul 3 '
M' 2
3 c 3
c 5
rt
u c 2
oi Ccu
^ m
K - M c 3
S .S rt.2 fa ui ui

x 2
u o
2 S &
rt e- ui ^ 01 7^ " oi " p.
2-^0
"O rt T) rt ^ rt
CU CU
01
. J. "O .
b. . rt O
a. .
>,
De
erial
JD
him
T)
Fire
mat
dby
O
Ul
Ul VH2O
. O O <" 01in
O
01
Chief
edsof
s, etc.,
-oiS
3 O fa 3
o
TJ |T32'O
0/ rt 01 .
01
Oep
eceiv
men
hose
OS
E'G
s
.*- 01
-3 "3
01 c
> 3
'5 P
bo
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 33
X
o
u
-a
c
rt
a
o
o
s
01
"^ 01
oQ
. bo"" H
3 oi -
2 P
M
s
o
-
* -3 u
M 3" 2
t^'oi 01 *- *- u
.
u
oQ
. -a
c
. rt
^rt ^
' -a c
3 >
. 5
.i ui 01 ui
01
' E
. bo
OJ
rt ui
J3 '" I
+H -* _n ui
O
<
. m rt
: 5 - 5 2
O en
'bb
rt OJ
en oo
0 m
;os.a
: o -p s
60 "*"
o bo fa o QJ
'rt " 'rt rt o
cu cu cu
c
3
OJ O
l
(/) '*-'
: bo , w

! 2 S) < c
P-C '= ^ Z- E
" g 6S0
" bo
2-0 3-3
. 5
01 oi a
ui 2 2
c
- w 01 o
bo o i^ -
" 3= rt ' 01
:-8g..a
w bo
. ui v" 01
m i: 0 Oi
' ;p ui ui ^
h.'55" O
2? 1 ^H
s_, w>t
-
a. oi
te o-o
bo
2 3' -a 'I
S<
<
' tE 3
01 CQ
U "rt^ rt
CU CU
.. x) 2
050
CQ S^
O 3
-3^0
'3 " -
CU
.5 - a
T3 O 01 jz
" o a. 2
o S S 2
~ 2 " ui
2 P2 u- rt -* rt w
CU CU
3 c
^ u
o
01 ^i
"o> S
U^
K i: H p (J Ul 3
^ 01 ,_ rt
2> >S
uj-a:: "
2 S 2
M
"P"
rt rt
i2 D
2<
M-. rt
-S
u 2
rt rt >
C rt
; OCQ^
1 -5 rt
CU
^3 = 3
: -a 01 "
5T3 0 S
cu
OiJ 2
o 2
-3 1- >

a
->
CU
01 o
34 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
o"
.2 c
E ui
O <D
CL _
If ffl c u
3 Ul -f
0.0
- "re u
i_
2 3 "O O
n _ ..
^ S bog
_ c_oi S
rt ,_ ^
^23
-AE rt S
01 ^"Q "3
S 01 3 _'.
_ U 01
2^ u
p
rt 0
" 3
CU
E ^ti
o"S:
. >
O'S
o o e.
3 .
c
g-o *
o
o
rt c ,
**-' rt
e.j rt en en
f 1- y
^n OJ "
c H8 '
r
-
o - .-
so
KbH .3
u. .
p X re p|'
O -T3 01
O '5 D.
CU
P rt S> 3 u. .
i-o ,_ o.
< _ o 01 X
> 3 ^
3 re -3 re i~
: 3 -g c-o
I uio
C O JJ<U J3
>2 -S
E
8.P-3"
. bo
6 E g._
O o-i.bo i-3 3
- ^ rt rt ^ ui ^
^ 3 O U
j*> O ** X
S 3-01
>S 2 3 C
, g MS &
I 01 2 U ,/,
5 3 re p o
t U Q-2 o.
.5 -3 o "a o
^ rt-'rt u
Cu CU
> C-
. rt
CLZ: - . 3
C 01 o
ui
11 .p
3
bo2
~ fcr.3
JSl^E
i >- -s
1 3
0
! E -a " -a
: c 01 u 01
j ? .>-S .>
I J^'C rt oi
^ &. 01 01
OS OS
"~ JS en
c .3 -
rt > o .
z :
^ -a '
.So
'CU """^
-- oi y
2H
5 of 2
, O c u >^ 01 3 Ul
i- a. rt c
3 -3 X >
Ul 01 01 01 o
rt > > u
"' '5 < 2
DS
3 S
01 &
> ^
00 oi
II 8
bo 3
w 2
01 .
en
^
y?
3x: c
0
o 2
tfj O y) C u ^c -^
1> o ^
c ^ c
1) C O
^ F >
oi a;
0 C en 0 01 t; E
! , T3 2.C 2 0
3
T3 O ^"ui0
o rt S&u
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 35
o
o
en O in
in O 1^
o-. o en
en ^ en
Ul ' Ul
cA?
3
o
a.
3 .-,.,- 0
_ R o O O^ ^ KH U
-3 oo "3 -. "a 'rt M
'rt 0
'rt
CU OH CU
J3.S
E .
01 o\
^a> oi oo
Q
JS i;
01 , ^oi 23
~_ o
^Z
Ul OO
TH ^
T: oo
1=2
a
S
gel -S J O 3 ui rt u
*"o, bo ho .3
5.2* tJ 3 rt rt >
j- oi-a
: - c
t bo rt
2
i u a.
I 3 p
:2 5
c'2 s
s 2 .
c (J 01
.P ui .
rt "3 3
D. 3 o
* J= .
t- " 3
2 tf-S,
" _ O D.'
3 -O *-4 tu '
' * U
'
HOH I
M 2
r^ 3- 1)
3- 01 u 01
i_ 01 p
o ^t .5
2 322
tl1~ . -^
> c a.
3
'o X en
O
CD T-i
x: f- m "
n OJ
r ii rt \j.
a; TJ rt
.a
CU 3
3
rt ^
rt
O
3 rt
en rt u
-* en o
01 3 25 01 3
os os
fr ^
cu a.
4J OJ ^^
F; s
o o
1
-D 73
> >
<U OJ
4) l>
36 MAY'OR S ANNUAL REPORT.
I
D co
s
01
of
o
i OS w ,2
en ^3 r-
:|.S2 8
: 5 oi c Q
oi oi
> J<
o E 2
Z2- .
,2--5
JD O ^ 01
^ "<
Ui CO
-3 -
1
"is
bt 4J rj
J-^Ert 01 O ^1 >
- <-. o
tj btZ
22 o
bj 3 "
_ 2c co*
rt *2DC
*i5-2
' 5'
Cu
J-s I
bol ?
3 O .fa
t.
bo
If
rt ex:
t* en"
^|
i-3-3 2 :
'rt rt ^
o-eu
oi rt w "*
en ^ 3 u
.i > rt S .
rt r, ^ u
CL i^ o
u ~ o
u
o u -^" ^ c.y
w CO w O
O CO u OO
4) CO JJ OO
"o ^"o Z
o rt ^ rt
4J 4)
4) tl 4J 1
(J U
^ O ^- O o O i
en ^ en
0) 3 4J
O j2 0
"O ^ ^
.s b-- o
OJ 3 U 3
oi oi
O
en ._
^^ en
2 -
OO
oso! oS
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 37
-3 '
C
rt
SP3
o2 S
3 01
> o t: gcfi ui
fa o
w 01
8 Cfi
t. c u
3 o ^
"
2 bo-p
CQ
e es c
T rt 5 ui
^3 ui J JS
3 rt rt U
" 3 o " -
3 3 .T- rt -3
rt fa *H fe
Cfi rt

fa o 01 02- o
2 o i--
o '
- T3
n
'P ui a
rt
2
0
S
O "3
-3 3 3"
3 01
0, C
= 2 e-o
S3SS
4J
n
H
CU >
>> *
0
a K/ " 3
fen * J3 TT
05
S!
<3
ry of
ecem
9, inc
rt LJ OO
SE-
*, -s a
S
SO-0
ui ^^
Ul ^3
"" >> C
w-0
2
* -^
'a
c
o'S-S Z a.-p
^- 3
Oc/5
2
2
J2
^ rt ^
03
3
rt \0 .
S O .
^ 8
i> P5
^J 01
OJ OJ J-
- Jr c
TJ 13 .2
-^ 0 3 0
x 01 n
01 .3 O
3 ""? 01 "O fa
01 3 ,-
^3 rt tn
1) 43 0 CU
^G a.
.bC _0 rt c "
O O
bo
c a
^ .0 4)
*C TS" c^ .
rt
; -P 01 <u -3
' O ? 2
^1 ..2gS2 3
O
5. ^2E
o
bO
3
Si > . ^
38 MAYORS ANNUAL REPORT.
tn t^-vO
\n o c^*
CO c-o
fa rt . rt
*H Ul
c >,
P o
i h ?
rt o ""
E " rt -
kn u." 3
2 11: rt '
; -3 -3 1
'rt 'rt
CUCU
<
o
r )
'
a 4>fi
O 3
o
"rt
s
12
bo
u
Ui
3
0
5 > p o

rt
S 3-
os
>, 3
o
C)
H >
o p Ul
n^t
01> , & 3 0.
01 n T
o
01 'w '
o
;o
i os
|0 T3i
s; oi
OS
O Ul 3
o 2
ui fa ^H "o I
210 P3 "*- 01
' fa 3 i u :
. 2 CQ oi ui ,0 r
^.-'5 3
' rt c rt o "re '
. J= u c. p ,3 ;
" E *> i
01 2 3 rt i
SSS
'O 2 B O "
r- "3 P 1 _ J
^ E 3- C P |
B 2 U O j

. -3 2 -a 3-"3 01 rft 01 ^ 01
01 > " > _ >
01 - 3 rt 1- 01 O 01 r- 01
- o .P u So,.
-. 01 01
OS OS
oi
os
o i;
w ui
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 39
22
booa
2 2
fa o
oi "
^O
3 2
1 aterial,
curred
uted as
halt pa\
m Abe
C. 01
cLpq
' 4J
^
s
' SLE
tO c 3 XI 3. O 11 3 .- Ul i- . "* o
1
for
nses
dist
for
eet
' 1-
4-. O W w o *- 1_, ^ OJ 43
03
43
<
-3 01 01 -3 t; ^ - h; "^ z:
rt O"0
rt M en-^ en ^'rt (/J
" oi'-0
w > O
i- in
4) 3 tn
_ i-
C
-J - r
43 c> fc
. en
3
n. CO^ o
" rt U rt
O O - o
j- en rt bo u
,_ 'C 3 .
Ul 01 H 15 -^3
JO rt p o
O 3 3 3 O
" E
E
2 S
^ > i- a. >_
o o . o
01 o ui
u w o,
. u
2 o o- '>
aiCU -
O .3
-3
OH 5
. a
3
rt
3
o
~-"Q
O ^ 01
^ o2
-^ - "S o
. rt o.
_ o
3
ui
' 3 ( J3 E
^
re ^
3-Z -' r3 o -a ^
rt - rt -^ 'rt "^
OH OH CU
rt o 2 2 ^ o
rt rt
0-0-
rt ^ i(
030^2
en X)
I
3
>-< rt > 3
4J
E
O <D
n-. ^
03 ^
en en U ^
0) u
'j i;
-p v
M s
Ul 01
. 2
- rt -3
8-3 3
Oi
S 3.
" rt
OJ3-3 3. 3
S 2
O " -
T3
> 2 *> - 3 01
01 o ^
8 S
OJ
E r'
:>S 'o 3
U
o 5 .
i >
rt
3 3. .
01 *H > - rt T3 8-3 3
8 3-01
OS
>ipS
-^ 3
a. S
5U1
rt -
0 ui
j~ u- 01
O
3 "** .
01 w
> 2 3 01
8.2 t
01 Ul
os
D. C
Sg
0 ,01
c te
oi
> '1
I! i C
O 3
01 3
> 01
u
Oj D- a.
os
40 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
in N O O in vo o^ -t o en o -r r^ M ^f en o^
J& ^
o
Ul
01
01 <
*rt rt
i- 3
01 - -
3 "p
.3 fa
"3 ui "3 -3 'rt rt 'rt 'rt
OH CU CU
o
-3
re 3
O rt
!20
U ui (
o 'c <
o -p o 2 o ,
O "3 P "3
' rt rt rt rt
CU CU CU CU
I -5 '2
" . _ . OJ of C fees arsha und Polic
S2S2
a, 3 >,. ^H
Ul
01
Ul
Kee
r po
Cit
Cit!
Chie
O
J3
O
from
ons fo
from
ales at
from 2
O - TJ " "3
o
O
o
O
C
C^ Di C^
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 41
> . o*- .
"3 O
-o i
'H tn u
.
2 .5^
'O 2
1 Is^'S
S^ o2^
^SSal
tO eaau
2

<s o_ o M
f -3 "- "3 -3 'P
01 bo w oi i-
> 3 > > 01
^
'5 'S 'S ^
u .2 u ci 2
01 01 01 "
m o
en o
O xn
<M
01 o^
Q
2
01 S
CUQ
CO Oc
s o
.o
c-'p; -oi
^ i- . ui
bo
3c<
.01 D, > .
j -o
;2 MO
So-s?
302 o
:^-
i 5 ui
.3
V.
a
2 2
c ^H ^- l
S " rt .
ti o
o " '
T3 01 3 "3 ^3 -3 -a
.P rt
T3 (fi
01 "3 '- 'rt
CU
re
3 bo o
2 o ^^
O - 2
b>i2 8
rt - -3
Q.O-3 O
1
re 3
3. ui
3
1 4&
18 3
S
t- OJ
2 a.
cucu
42 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
H o o
r^oo o
rt O O
en O O
en m en
O O
o o
s
D oo .
E o- '
2 3
2
g o_-
en w rt
O o
bD
2^ d
rt 2
2 !2 c
rt
OJ
X) OJ T^
-- - rt en
- 4J 'C
rt -o JD
8 >1 ui
o u ^^
O O ^3 in
fe S 3 >
_ 3 t,
fa - Ul O
^2 01 ^H
3.-3
"3 o 3 T)
'rt "- M
'rt
CU CU
01 01

< o
rt .2
- * 2
Ul Ul
-3 ci
oi *- Z. 01
^ -p
Ul
^ o 01 .
O. t.
. Q. rt
O O
ui rt
01 o
bo 3.
3
J3 3
Ul -3
2 >
"P .. 3
u ci
3 " S 2
OJ OJ w <->
5-3
3
rt
O ^
oi bo J
21
oi .p
^^s ^ B w
sP 01 O O .^H
Q Tl 01
*- 'rt u
'rt 'rt
CU CU 0H
O MJ-^
~ fa rt
re *
01 c
2 3 ui 2
bo oi ui
o2o
b Eros' rt rt
"rt "!> Ul Ul r*
J 2 2 2
'rt 'rt 'rt
CU CU CU
J3
- bo oi
.'53
>- rt
. ^" ul
'2
'5.
~ -p
. > 3 XI 2
rt
Q J; uT
-32 .K ^2
re M
- >> ^H O
1- S t- ^H rt rt
|2|2 <* M ** rt*
^3
E bo
3.2 ^
01 ^3 01
. " S
.01 - ^
3 01 01
^
0
3
frjZ
E S-
-3 3 -3
~' ""rt
Cu CU
u, M
SE
>*0
c
rt
1
S bo
s
3
T3 -
gw .2 rt
a 4) O
oi
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 43
= .38
. --. 4J
rt bfi
. ^ rt
3 . 3 3 01
be
r!
.2 S!
Ul Ul 2-
01 01
hr c > x
rt
3
<2
. fa ^ rt bo
en . J2 re
-3 &
^2
as
etc
egia
r to
s^^ nf S 2
"rt
compl
aid fo
antine
ing pi
aid No
lowed
o
E
oi fa o > rt ^ oi CQ
ui Ul t.
I-J
xi o
os os
o
Q
m P
(1) E
O -3
rt TJ
X W
r^ .= z
2
o >>'
a. oi
re rt u
oi 2 -s
" - oi
g
bi)'
T3 XJ
0J X! 03
i 0J
_> g #> ^ > '- >
4J i~ OJ "n "S J? "S
U rc (J ^ ej g o
0J ^ 03 -^ eU y
^ 4J
OS DS OS OS
3
rt
.O
" P
s
"3 3 -3 ^ 73 ^ - oi ^H oi re ^j
> > 2 > - >
3 o. 3 bo O
rt
-3 xa -'5 w
01 o 2 u a ^
o bo lb.si.S8 Z
Ul * Q. " 2 oi S oi
XI .Cfi . O- 3 rt 3
Fi
. 3
0
Ul
a. 3. o oi o
" ' o
' S
o
3 C
U
3
O rt TJ O o
-25^3
23211
01 r- 01 *-
CJ fa o
> 01 u
01 ~
OS OS c
.5P'u 3
OS
44 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
I
u
oi E
ISo o
O O O OD c*~j
O o-j O O m
o r^ o f- T^
o *-* o o a
J
0 rt
o a. rt
s
fi
f
tn bfi
en c
OJ .-
en en
OJ OJ _rt ojS
oi2 rt S
oi
"E 3 O -2 2
. O O O <n O
05 .3XJ OJ -a TD Td "O rt "O -3 -3 rt ^'rt 'rt "rt "rt " rt
>^ o
S2
2S
OJ *-< OJ
> 8 2
Q rt
^ 01 *-
3Q g
"O a,
CL 4J g '
-*rt OJ
ej
O
C- ^ u O *
. rt 'Z '
X> c
r
1 oa s '
0
. 2
5
ne mule . .
from Dr.
R
e mule sold
rom Superin
Id by him .
E
p
&
0 30
T) .- O
0
T3
01 O 01 Ul 01 Ul
os os os os os
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 45
OD W
O en
O en M i- co ^
vo r^ r^. en r^ TcO i_ CD
^
oi rt
5-3
V 2 8
* ui PS
Ul oj
^
s
0
3 rt
! e; n
i '.:-
v
I
S
^
m-B
">* O QJ
tn S
en gj ^ S c
^
3 rt 1 *( C J n
s
>3
' -T: o re
. fc 3- .
"^ ui ,
J- L, >- 3-'
i o . o j;
1 5 "
'3 - 3 ul "3
PT 3 .
- * ' ex. oi re
oi ui
222
oo..
01 01 tL|
>' 2 -s l> 3
222 p
"rt 'rt 'rt 3
CU CU CU
O " 3;
'CQ
< ^ Ul
r. 01
-3 3 c"'
3^| S
O "I -
0J^J=
01 11
i E
^o
o S
CQ 3 "3 t
3 ,0 O O O O
2 m 2 2 2 2 2
re w
' 're 're 're 're
OH OHOHCUCUCU
46 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
O O
o en
, , _
en
bC
3
O
M
"' en
C t- rt
^ E r!
U en
-2 bC.^^
OJ 3 c VI 4J
*- 3 r - O .5 be
'c ^ i- 4) T3
bb-3 0ST3 3^
o - Ul" bo -o
'2 2 2 33
s
-3 2
. re
. 22
. rt J3
o rt
OJ tn
Cu
bC be
O rt
u ^
S o
rt *-
O tn
>' rt (J o
W 4J
rt d. 3
ui 0 0 ui vP 3 0 *
3
"5 w
Cu CU
re
CU
re
0.0.
;-3 re -3 -3
're-0
' 'rt
OH OH CU
1- 2 -3 o
01-23
-2c
S
2"
rt . CL
232 -
^H 0
"
i2 2 -- S
P re 3 01 rt re ^ yj
a =
-3 o .2
H 3 ,3 01 Ul
rt Ul 3 .
.. o
uT uT fa
ui ._
"So
3 2 '-H I
c
o2" rt
CU
CJ
0J -0
4J O
__ o. 01 j: j
rt -* o 3 (J
rt u
"-J 01 - > '->
c
s
^ S > ui ts
d from
5old . .
d from
dewalk
d
>
from-0 y
tn l
*-,
bo-3

>-3 > " >
5 01 5 bo S 'rt ^ 0 ,01 CJ 3 u
oj 01 - 01 o-S
.3 bo aj
= - o "' a
rt .'"bog
Q.-3 bD-3 ui
01 01 3 01 uw. > .fa > rt ,01
S'Sl'S'S" *-. oj ^ Ii ~ '
2 i: 3
tn 3
^: OJ 1- O
WO
^ 2-
rt 0
i:t
*-' ^^
c >.
4J C
0 g.
u2
SO
!lbo
3 3
^E
rt ^-,
0J T3
Ic . >
bc'S
0
CQ 0J m
3 y
OJ
Op
2
o
SN CJ ^H
OJ *-
OS
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 47
OS
o a
>
o
OJ
.~ 01
o a
CO __
OS
O re
3 ui
> rt
^ -
O rt
h
o
tn
OO
^
XJ 4>
N
4J> E Cl n
OS
48 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
I -
cn'O vO o o
w in vn j^.
" rt
.-3
S -S 4JS
> ^rt >
o
state
m Ci
in t
m Ci
fie ta
o
"S-gS'g rtV- 0^H
-o v, "o v: T3 en
> S.> 6 > S
OJ * OJ ^ OJ **-
co .s c:
^ 2 r^ OJ
t^ U 1- O U.
rt OJ ttn " r; 3
"^ o"
01
- ^ c- Cl
oS?2
1 3 S
P
CO 3 5 ""
CO * * '"
- en m
-
O o o
T3 -o -o -o -a
OJ 4) OJ 4) 4)
OJ Oj OJ D 4J
U U CJ ej U
OJ OJ 4J 4J 4J oSososwos
2 o o.
o - . o -2
" -S " -s 5 .2 JJ .
e - o
O oi
. S rt 5
IE
. o o
*
s
OJ 3
- "C -rt "U "U .T3 * *0 -
4J4)rtaJ_vaj^4) 4J
rt . S .^ o .^ 2 .> ^.> o
t^ "5 'OJ O "S r "5 c
'5 <x:
K o c tj ~ (j o 'F; U .- OJ .i ._. m en /i\ (n fli ti ^1 u
u_ = OJ '- 4) i
o 5^ u OJ m OJ "*' OJ
Oi Di Di Ptf tf
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 49
ui 2
01 x
bo '
5 oi oi
1 bo b rt
oo
CO
aki
us p
mis
i-1 o ^
t - . -C J3
8 2E
22^
rt rt "
O 01
4J n
ff
a >
3 o
01 ^
-3 o
^ 2
tfi - > .
O t,
^^3 3
o p u-o
Ul oi I- o
o
'C oi _rtQ CO ,
"2
bo
3
^ 'bo
; D.
3
a.
CU Cu OH
o o
O 00 O O O m o O
O M co w o in
- I Ul o
re o > K.
3 i 5 5
Ul O V
.pe
o
p
01 01 oios
ui 2 ui
rt -^ 3
-T3 0
Ul 2 bo 2 5 rt
bo " >
2-ort oj
"^ "I
O 3 C
3 J=
3 -3 aj
O 0J 3
S > O
Cu
4
. aj
. 3
Ul O "
3 HJ .
O ni
bC ^ .
tsl
v- rt ,
4J !cr 0
i; ^
" -3 OJ
2 oi o
bo j=
idO
rt 2
' 01 01
V- ui
"O fa 3 2 32
J= o
01 & o
O 3 o 2 ui
rt 3 3 re !- -3
,= o i " 2 3
m Ul rt
g 01 01 01 ^
O o O 3 3
^J=J: UIJ3 rt
O o ^ 2 2 3
> 3 3 > Q
* o O 13 2
ECU"
- . O O 3^3
HOHHOHOH O
50 MAY'OR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
\n o m o m
tn e^ w o
O ro N H,
O cn m tn -8
O vO
.o . s

s
* !- O "en
OJ oo
n - ^
"O -
3 . ^
rt be
en S. tn"
"- rt O
be &
^ rt 3 jS 4) to O "O
"O QJ 3 P 'S -
-a x! -a -a -o -a
rt rt rt rt K rt
CU 0-. CU CU CU Cu
tn .S rr c
QJ i- > "
o O O en
3^2 "
: 'S
CU
re re 20T3 ,3 01 ent of to Oct of han
o
r3
4J
3 iti-i
i 2 2 -2 %'
' re re M
re
CUOH CU C
01 ~
u u -) w
S T3 ^
' 3^ o
o M^
ui-c
OJ r^ OJ
- ui .p. CJ
Ul c OO OJ
O
re 3. 2 3Q0
. X -3
OJ 01 3
bo 2 S re t-N & -3
0-333
^30
" o S 8
CUOH 03
t E
S
-OT3
> >
OJ
u
4J
4J
U
4)
4J
QJ
E ui
-o
*t- CJ
u
i_ S> nO
fa o_ o
O w. -3 1-
VH *. c ^
*3 ^ rt "3
QJ OJ _ U
"S '5 '^ '5
o o OJ u
OJ oj OJ
os os os
a
d
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 51
3
tB
C T3
C
rt !_"
to >
OJ -o u
Ul W
4J J ^r J
3 O >* j z Pi
tn 3 s
HH Z <
rt
OJ O S < CQ
O z O
r
-1
a. < -A . oJ
-a
rt 3
p o
E
8 U 4J
-n- -3
Q
* *o
360 O
:. "^
S- ?
3 2
3
01 c o
J3 J3 ^
52 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
H
CU
3
X
H
ts

K
S5
O
o o o o
o, o. o. a.
3 3 3 3
01 01 01 01
OIOJOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOI
01 01 01
01 01 01
P.3.3.3,3.3.3 rt rt rt rt re rtr3.3 rt rerc_300CJCJCJQ000 rt 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ' 0332 2 23
:>;>:>*:ucJCJUCJOCJUUCjOOp_-OOOOC333
OOOO^^^^' >,>^^ >-3-3P=2-a
-
C
-
C
-
a
-32
O O O O OQ mxS
,C?m'cQ,
'c5'cfi tfiOOOcficfiifitfitfiOCO
tZ, ^ >, >, >^ > >. ^z, ^
rtrtrtrtrtrrrtrt
C* PC & OC & & & a
rt rt
OS OS
OJ OJ OJ
en tn to
HJ 4) OJ
s a
OJ OJ
C 3 3 3 3 .S
OJ OJ OJ 4J OJ
3
rt
3 3
OJ OJ
en to to
OJ OJ 4)
J3 J3 J3
.OOO
&
-OT3'OT3T3-0-aT3'OT:
C 3 3 3 3 3
rtrtrtrtrtrtnrt 3 fK .Si.
to to to en -
4J OJ 4) OJ U, t
O O O O O jo o _o
t- t, [i,
rt rt
rt rt
o _o
o
tn OJ
J3 -c: JD
en 3 tn
U OJ CJ
rt rt rt rt rt -C
CUCLCU00000

O
ba^z ui
g -
T^3^:j3J3J3j3^:j3j3j: J B
rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt-rt
13333333333"
3 3 32
01 01 01 ^
-3-3-3
O -3 -3 -3
_33SOOOOO
B 3 C 3
01 OJ _
__ a. a. 0.-3
rtrerertrtrtrtrtrtrtOJOoJOJOJfa
-3-3-35
33SB33E33B'i-.3
>>>>>>>>>>3re.
D ^ 13 D cfi c/) {/) c i <; 03 ii CQ
re re
o o
0QCQ
re re
o o ma:
u rt
3 S
32 o
O i-H
' E 2
S oj rt
. J= Ul
HOW
5%^o
"to
cu
to
e

a
22
a
f-Hf-H
"O 'D "O "O
t- u, ui i_<
IS
HHHH
s" 3" 3 3"
OOCJUOCJCJUtJO ^ fe 333333333CC
OOOO^cc::c
-
cccc::ccClC>
totoenenrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt't^'^
<<<<<<<<<<<5<<0QCQOaCQDQmCQCQMOaMmffl
000000000
o
^w^
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 53
S E
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
QJ 01 OJ OJ OJ OJ OJ
3 3 3 3 3
QJ 01 01 QJ 01
3-3-3-3
3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
O O O O
-3-3-3 "'TSTDXJ'nTlr^r:
- " "2 0 022 .'-'---'-...
35200000 3 3 3 3 3
C C 2-3-3-3-3-3^ 2 2 2 i X.S:
OOOOOOOtficficncfi^OOOOOOOOH
> c
0.
. 8
1
^ c C 33CC33CCC!
ojoj4jajaJ4JaJojaj
c *- ^
0
>&'T3-rt-rt'r3'V-0'T3-0-T3-O'T3
T3.^ C 3 333CCCCCB
4J J2 3 3 3333D3333
3 "1 _
3 3 3
SCQi--
o .^-a
SS bo 5
C 3 3 3 3 3
0 0 0 0 0 2
^U rt re ..< irr
3 < .OS
-1 -p
O 2 !*>U1
QJ rt 3 3 3 3
u E
oxS^i^ 2
OJ y c^ * H
3 -3
WW
-a -3
WW
rt 1- oi re
m-xs^oiui^- ..<~~
WOSCUWSWCQCQ
0000
-3 -3 -
rt rt
O -O
caoa
rt 2 5
o CL rt
3 r"
a c^* w
lw O C
OJ 5
CQ^g 14
OOOOOOOOOOO
JP j: ui
2 <
33
J3 J=
oo^
M _ = .
rt rt C
~ o-i; a.o.
rt t. 03 'P re rt fa
0
^ -.* rt rt 01
E bJ0
c BP:
Ul "- 3 3 O
2"3 ! j: > > 'S
o 0 rt re
S J g >,7) cfi O
2
Cfi
02
j'oj
.O ,01 re ^ .
" f 2 W
'" 2 . ,A 01
E E )2 3grt 2-3
; rt 2 O o pj
J (jj O Cfi JJ _ m QJ
rt O
J 0 O Cfi
03 u! rtd
^ M . Ul C .
^^.g W O (fi i- O
|<
B33BEBBEB33BBB3BBB3B3
000000000000000000000
p3C3p3CQCQP3CQCQmcqm MM mam mmmmm
fi B B B B 3 B
.... s &
000000
mmcQmimmmcQmcQm
B B B fi
& S & &
OOOO
N co rf ^- in mo r^oo OiO 1-1 w cn'l-Tl-inin r^oo ^iMMM.-ll-lMI-lMlHhHCICIWWClWWWWWCn
rt ^^ rt r;
rt O 0 *;
"^ rt - rt
rt .ej rt r! J= ^ J ^
~< ^ z* v
rt K^. rt K^. wS w? & W ? w
54 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
to I

e
&,
5JJ
^i
6Q
EH
a.
S
x
a
><
n
is
C 3 3 C 3 3 3 C C 33333333333333^ =
ojojojoojijuajajajajcjajaj^^
TSTSTJ (nrSTj'W-O-WiO-O-O'W
33Ccc
G3S3G3333C3
333 --333333333333
OOOOOOO^OOO^OOOOOOOOOOOO
OlOlOlQjaiOlOlQlOlll
3 -3 "3 -
3
33333333330333
9pP9999990,s-~~
O
s01 ^:
ui
1- E si
3 >
CUM^
. -3
o M->
. >- re
QSQ
O tn 3 rt
C v- . - O .
rt 3 _, _. ex rt
o. 2 2 3 ui" H
LH . 4J OJ Q &
\ W Oi .0-5;
-|Mm'^o
Ul -^ 01 01 ^- .
M
3 E 2 " 2
S M 2,AS S
^
E 2
t^ en
Q 3
0
^T ^ 1-
^ 01 01 " 01
>, E 3 W P h
iHHHH
^ 3 3 >.
2 O O 3
Q'2'2 5
SEE
3!E
O rt
5.Q
01
. oi u
is .5
3^3 t"2~
j 22 rt rt rt
;~ .3 -3 Q
: o o o .
rt<;
J3od
re vp
0
CQ<
c c
r- 3
2 2 rt "TH
W W 3 ~
_3 _ re S = -^ m ^-A& , m
^^.Cfi CQ S E S W W 6 W g
S"0
QJ ^ OJ
S 2 Ul ^J Ul w? w
EBEEE3BBB33E
_r:r:r:r.^__rr:-333333333333
?>|g||gg|g|||g2J22=2222
22222222:
s2:
i222:
Si5i52'5i
m m m m m m m-m m 03 m m m m m 0 0 0 0 0 0000000
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 55
E E
3
4J
3 ^ ^ 3
en
i- < < iCC3C33C33333CC
0>gj0J4)4JUCJ4J4J4JD4J4J(D
XJ^T3T3T3n0-T3T3^T3XJT3TJT3X3X)T3X!T3X!'O"aT3T0r:j~r
OT3
C3333333GC33C33C33CC33CC(JU33
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
S i- -3 ^
OOOOOOOOOOOOCJCOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOO
HH OJ
. eo
Oo s
QJ
WW rt O
ri
<< 01
ho
g
to' tn
1~. V-. O
3-3
EE
01 01
OO
UlUlQj'JjOlOlOl
re aii OJ SpQ-^--^
01 u. bo bo 2
01 u. 3, o O -3 B
Q
0 W as a; ^ o
H 3 3
.3 JS
OO
:=_,- 3 B
E 3 3 u
01 01 01 3
Ji -^ -M i
3*E
1/5 2 E 2 J 1 g O 6 O ^ d
< S 2 KAE W OT cn' cfi ,_
.E
SCQ
. o S <l)
3
s g 3
C/J o n )
' ^Z rt
d
sgu
tn tn
Ul O O
2 a" 0J 01
E
< 5 5! 3 3
<i ^ ^l rt rt
gJ5^^
a 3
J3 X!
O O
IBEBSfifififiBfiEfi
1333333333333
lOOOOOOOOOOOO
:-3-EJ3X:J:J=J3^:J3J:X:J3
BBEEBEEfififiBCEEBBBB
333333333333333333
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
fiJ=j3j:^:-SJ3J3JPJ3J3^J3^3^3J3^:j3 rertrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrertrtrtrtrtrtrtrertrtrt
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
N N 'i- ii- -i- mo o 1^ l^oo Oi o IN co ^- in inco r^oo O O
Ul ui rt rt
WW
2 2 .fa
-O -
wS
- o22 re.fa '-
3 -3 _
~ -3 ^
Ul -H Pi Ul
01 <" 2 01 ^ re j^ ^
"2 -3 2 3 w rt JE rt 2^-2-
Srt h^ Srt ^,
NMNC*<NNM01MMNWin
*-"
-3
^
>ri>c
1i^^> rt^rt^r kj . rt rt
w^
56 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
ess
e
O
e
e
8
3 3 3 3 3 B
Z
O
O -3-3 -O .'3'3'3'3'3'3-3-3'3-3-3-3-3-3T3
BBBE-QOBBBB
3333003333
OOOO^jOOOO
OOOOcficfiOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
(\1 aj (1) Q) QJ aj
-o -a -o -o -o TD
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
E
3
2 -p O
gg[
bo bo
>, >,
01 O -3 ..
^-^ J -'^
.-3 -3
CWW
01 ^ ^
moo
-3 "3
Z fa
i- bo 5 Ql i,-3 3 -3
- r Q- re 3 S.a.^
JW0
. ^ 2 . -a u QJ oi Br^^iiW'rtrt'rtE
^' e
22? S = E s
2 M s ^tj-mmm
ZStc'^^g^oj^^^^^cfi'^^CU^
yj rt 'S '^ ,/ *"
- - OJ 4> 4J 4J '
r -z O o o O
:
0J OJ
1 of rt rt ^
w
2 E E it,- oo2S^-tSre--SSSi>;..>;2^ =
g ^ o m m ^.o g w a Q g g S,a wEza<<i<t;gggg
EBB3B33333B333E
33333333 3 3 3 3 3 3.
B B B B fi B
O 9 O O O O
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOJEjrjS^JE^JEJEJSJEjEJEjEjB^
rerererererererererererererert.
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
o
52
.3 J2
1 Zcfi
oj o
2^
^2
wS&
3 ^ 01 ^
5 " 3 rt ^
^ 3 o ja re
J3 O w *H *- ui ui *-;
o '
u
" rt
Cfi^^^W
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 57
QJ O
3'3-3-3'3'3'3'3-3-3-3'3-3*3'3'3'3-3'3'3-3-3-3 -T^TS-OTSTJ BC3CCC3CECBCCEOBEEEfiCBBo3CB3B
33333333333333333333333033333 ooooooooooooooooooooooo^ooooo
0
E E 3 E
3 3 3 3
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO cfi ooooo
. OJ ui -3 Ul Ul fl> >
~ s 2 2
"QJ^OO
Qfc ts t;
. * . <D OJ
OJ >; O O
! 3
3
Sg
w
^WS
-3 iSH
o .
ffl 3
w
ui "^
g^
2T3
>>S2
S" _ QjgW13
*S . . 3
rt ui Ul 3
wggJ!
o
Z o
H3 ^
^g
gg
. QlQ
. OJ
i-3-O 1 OJ 3
:0 .
g
3 4J
O ^ 11
Ui XI
to
<
c
4J
(J is
X! T3 < n
4> i^
OJ oj
"to 3 _
= 5
Sos ^ .
4J
OT rt
tn
< w
- o oi 2
:m bo>
_ .2 re ^
- - , Cfi J
;<J w
3
rt
H'CQ:
d o' ui rt 2
01 01 J- J3 ui
oogow
a
rt OJ
3 r
o n
W fi
o uo
Ti OJ
rt rt
tn
- 4)
c-^ rt-S
2re<|
o 3 .te
g t 5
^gw
3B3E3BSSgegeSPSSSgSSSSggEeSSegga
SSHSwiirtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtnrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtri
JJ3^J3X:X^JJ3^3J3J3J3^3XJ3J3X:-CX:-C^:^3J3J3J3J3J3J3^J3^J3
OOOOOO'JOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCJOOOOOOGOOO
cn cn TJ- m^o r^oo O^ O O N w N cn ^- u^ mo o t^-
g.^^ -reS-S^re^ '

-'J^ j^rt^rtj^rt
^ . m 4_i uj +_. yj
* T3
2 2
2
TJ
T3' ^2 -P XI "ti .P
.i: J= .s .3 ^ - -
.3 AJS _
J3 2 "
2 S ^3 s
= 22
t^tiu. [n-'-'eo^^tn*-' *-,
i/j*-,
^tn
4
-
,_!;tn *-'tn*-'fn
^OJz o5o -^w^w^^rt ^^w^w^ !24)^3aJ2^w rtK_rt S^S^
1_1K^.rti~K>_ rth^rt^ ZcfiZ PWPWPW W^Wg^WS? WPW?
58 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
so
8
S
5Si
<to
cu&a
X
w
a
Q
PS
<
B 3 B B B 0
01 01 01 01 01 01
k- t- 1- l-i U IH
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 T3
3 3 3 3 3 a
3 3 3 3 3 3
___ OOOOOO
ooodddddddoddddoddddooooooo
I-. ;
'D'3-3-3'3-3-3r
3'3'3'3-3-3'3-3-3-3-3"3'3-3
SBEBC3E33fiCB3fi3333B33
333333333333333333333
OOOOOOOCOOOCOOOOOOOOO
-3 J3 E "3
re B - M o
H O
M
E J
o^|3b
.E>j|
*Z ai> oiW uE 3^WmQ rtW("
o .SP re
T3 0lg = QCC S o ^ 3 re _2
' ' 2 22 B ^ ui W o JH' 6
U
rt yi rt to rt yj CO
owgwSwg< ^g<'
en o </i w rt WO
SHgg2o'
EH
O
1-9
EEEEEEEEESEE
"Jrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
Jrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
UQOOOOOOOOOUUUQCJUOUOUUOOOOO
co OOo^O^O O O O M N cnencnTfTj-Tttninin^o r-..r-.r*.oo 00>
Mh-h-(-.wCMNWNNCTCJN(NWNNNNNWiNNWNWN
^.s re^-^ :: : ;
&>'w'[I
iw'w'&& '2 '. '2 ; '2 :
-
"2 : " ^ ^H _'3^> ' 'P -o ''p-o ' ' -s -a 0
2
0
2o
0
oo 2".-2'::
.-2".-22-.- -"
^-^ ^^H JOJ2 3OI2^QI2'P^QI2 2_g
S
-
^ 2152^-rt 2 "2 - -2 - -2 - - -2 - '
0
-
. -^ . ^ = . -= . H2Si-o^S-o^SS-aS S S
^w&ww^w^ wg&wg^wg&wwg&: w^
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 59
C3BC3B3B'-33333333C333333CCS333333 4J4J(U4J(U(lJ4)4J4J4J4J4)a)aJ4JiJ4J4JaJ4J4J4JOi4JaJ4J4Jajaj'UiUaJ4J
t_l_>-i_t-!-Ul-t-i-i-i-^'i^>-i~!-^^>-,
~>-1
-
,
--
ll--'1
-
Hll
-
1
~'t
-
t
-
1
-',
~'
T3T3T3^^T3T3T3T3T3T3T3^T3r3^^T3T3Xin3T3T3T3T:'6'U-0-OT3XJ-a'0
333C3C3B3C3S33333CCBC33C33333C33C
33333333333 3 3 3 3 3 33333333333333
COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
^H f
o
X3
4J >,
O 4)
O
^
S c
S rt E
DS rt
2 -3 I
" re m
o
2 B
U
> re o^J
S ^5 .
i DS
3
<
OjCfi
re
^
WW^
re
OO
^^&
H 3
_? 2
-r oi J3 U,
rt O s-> ^2 2 & b0 -3 -o U ^
= oi 2 2 2 2 M
3 2 t-' 2 u
3 o k- >
nm^^ ><g
U 01 ,
w ^CU W g Q g S g
tn ,
W m .5 rt rt '> ^ -n O O
cn cn
WW QDS:
3 ui ui "-H
OS os E g g g
EESEEEEEEEEEE rtrtrererererererertrt
J:J3^:J=^^:^3J3J:J:-E
-^m
^ o
osw
ow
.3 B
. - o
fd to
g w 2
3 M-,>
o O'* >
O
2 I " ^
S
D. rt -3 ^ -
2 O CP $ ui E O
S . j= >- o .
^m o w S os m
P^ QJ
BgOO
E^g- fi o ^ o
lo-^os
CuQg
rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrertrfrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
:^2'2 22222222222222 2 2.o
'EESSEEEES
^--rt__---^33333333333333333333
rt re rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt~-^, , . . , ^-.. .. ~- . . ^-. ^- rr-r J=J3X^:^:j=J=J=J3X-SJ3J30000000COOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO^OOOOOOO
: -3-a
'2 2
. -3 -3
T3 g g Z Z
j: o o o
2 15 "-3 2 -3 ^ - ^ ^
Pr-J^P^HUl Ul* "Uj*- 3^-^ ^^3 cjuiminuimui
O . . s.re^rtrt^rt
cficfiZcfiZ|SWPWW?W & w &
2 2^2
6^2-3
rC -C *^ ^ - ^_,
60 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
I
'Si
e

e
&5
515
s
55
EH
PH
g
a
X
w
f
W
E E E E B 3 B BEEEE3E33
1010101010101Q101QJQ1010101010101QJV-
.kHV.l-11-ll-lt.k-b.k.kHkH^.^.t.Ul-.V.rt
1-3-3-3-3-3-3-0-3-0-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3 '
:3BE3BEBBEEBB3333BQ1'
133333333333333333"
10000000000000000
_ 01
1
. rt 01
>, 01
BO
-3-3-3
EBB
u. t. O O
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCUCUOOOOO
z
o
-3
o
o
w QJ
fe^g.
i "
tlD
_
,-2 5 oi
22 rt
i f ^ P bf
O o
bo
"O
- 01
CQ 'C: "^ rt m
H ^ g g H d S g <
0So
rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt -^ "rt "o "n *o "O "O
22222222222322222222 t i: t t t i s
EEEEEE5222222
33333333333333333333P5??5SS
o22oooo2oo2oo2'o2ooo222S22S
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
CO CO 'Io
H
O rt "P rt _ _
-3-3-3
BBC
^ t: "^ . re -3
Ul Ul Ul
Zcfi Z cfi cfi Z
re re re re K^ re
cuo.0HWg W
^. re PW
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 61
OJ
XlT:T3T3T3T3T3T3XJXJT3T3XlT3T0T:x!T:^T:T3T3^T3^T3T:-OX;X!'O-O-O
C33CB33B3B3C33C33C3C33C33333SC333
333333333333333333333333333333333
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOO
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
(Jrt o
O
< S
w g
2
X
^ ui " in Wg w
Q S2
S S
m s- ^ E E ^ g B
Q ^ ^,< < g w S.. Pgg
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOO
S S & S fe rt rt rt rt rt & s s s
rt rt rt rt & & & & & & rt rt rt rt rt rt >> rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOooooooooo
O I^OO^N COCOTfI^OH M w N COTtmiO 1^00 C^M CI CO'^-miO'OO r^r^oo o
MMMI-IMWWNC1NI-INWWNWCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO
Zcg
^ 2-3
P " S! in tn QJ
rt "rt
&^
Zw O ~
m
h*. cfiZW^
re . ^^ o
WWgZcn
62 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
S=i
g
C
a
m
X
H
a C 3 C 3 3 3 3C33333BB3CfiCfi33B
UOIUQJOIOIOIOIOOIOIOJOIOJOJOIOIOIOIOIQJOIOIOI
3 E 3
QJ 01 01
-0-3-3p
3T:-z:'3-3'3'3'3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3'3-3'3-3-3-3
BBE3BBEEBE3EEEE3EE3C333C333
333333333333333333333333333
OOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOCOCOOCO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
E
01
3 2
'C J3
< Cfi
H
UO -3
u r r 3 bo
rU^ oi & & ai rt
.p cfi cfi ^ t;
HT! 01 ' '- Q2J1- - o
E
at ^ - ^ E E E S ffl S
SoiS)S'
i
-oiai-dO^A-.,2i:E<;*2,tU.&z
^
tn iS O 2 ^ iS 5
^cn4Jtn1^tntnta-1_.1_1 -- ^ta-ii.iiii *i_. gwowgwwgggzzonmggggog
-5 E 5 o '-'
E
S
' ' So
"z
o
.73
5 C rt
0J 4J^
I- rt ^wg
>' ing
dged
5)i
Q
5Q
o
z,
s
WW
-a-0-O'3-3-3-3'3-0-3'3p
3'3-3T3'3'3-3'3',3'0"0'3-3'3-3-0''
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
s s s
rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
-J1
2-3
. . ^-J ^ . . . . .
-S'rt.^^'S'^'rt-^'rt^'rt
~_3I-I*-' ra (-! rt r^ rt r;
J5 ^ *5 -K" -G "3 J3 ^ JS "3
*-> yi *rf J> jS *- tn *^ to *
-
en
2 s a
15
2 2 2
W?HcfiZW?W?W? Zcfi
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 63
OJ CJ OJ 4)
E
OOOO
333C333C r; EEEE 3
0J0J4J4J4JO0J4J <i)
'U-O'U-O-O-O'O-C " 3 3 3 3 I^X^'^J
OOOOO O 3 3
O O O 3
3 3 C3CC333
4J OJ ojojcjajajojcj
F
3 - t-i_i-^._
c^'O'^'^'^'a'O'o
v-tj333C3C3
O > > 3 o O O
OOOOOOOOOOOCOOOEOOOcficficfiOOOO
O p o
6 d 6 o d o',
og t
rt rt
^^OH
OJ OJ 3
OJ cj OJ 4J rr
E E E g
-5-5 o o o o
M-i h-U UH 3-" HH
SS"s"s"ss2 -od
_2 2S- 0 o ~ = = OS
^^2'2S'S-S-S-5..I1SSSS
B B-P OOOO !rai22'1o-o-3>
" 01 rt rt_ o Brt rtWWW
jOO^.M-VH'-cficfi o o
-o -o
rt re
Ul ui -3
01 01 t;._
rt rt 3 B ^H"
-3 -3
J j* ^
rt
u o u i:
QJ OJ
OHCU ^
H
5
^ Z 4J OJ w C
rt .ti " T- r4J
3 rt
OJ "
000 ..u
1 in ^.^.3-3.0.3. TH^^OOOO
"J^^i-t-SSoOOO'-KBB"""
C/oi3rtrtcjucjcj'p .rtrt
E3^c!i,^g3uiuiinui2cfigg
'oi;200
2DCl. D.'u OOOOOSBE^oi^-r j j. o^gEggos^wwwwHEoSosmfflmwDOoEw ^^^w g
t/i en en rt rt rt
WWW
en tn to tn en 'J) rt rt rt rt rt rt
wwwwww
C 3
o O
-3-3-3
OOO
& Is Is
3 -3
o o
3 -3
O 0
K rt
dddoo
& 5 & &
T3-a
.0 O
?1rt rt
3 E 3 C E E
S fe ' OOO
&---"
bo bo
a 01 01 j- . .
^Xl PJ ui ui ui tn ui ^ ^^^oCtSZ'nCt^tS
-3 Jr 'S '" '" 'C '" -7^ -P -P -2 01 QJ OJ 01 01 01 01
_____33rtrtrtrtrtolololoi^^J3 .0J XI .0 xi XI XI
-^
J
-
LJ
-^
JJJ
OOOOOOQOOOOOQaQQQQQQQWWWWWWW
N r^oD rl- in coo r^oo o o
o
rt
a. 3.
. rt rt rt rt
cfi WCU CUCU OH w
o
W

64 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
EH
cu
a
to
Sl
BBCEBEEBEEfiEBEEEEC
O1010JOJQJQJQ1O1O1Q1QJO1Q1010101QJ01
EBEEEEE33BE3BBBB333CB3C33B3
33333333 333333333333333
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
z
s
o
oj oi
* -3 -3
. "3 TJ
3 3
rt rt
. .M M
O CJ
. O O
^ QJ
"" 3 3 3
- rt 3 3 :
rt rt '
lac*. 2 0.
bo
5-3
? t"1 O tn -
B H k" > 01
-
y
*= OS OS . -
c
- -- S -
^OS ;OSOS 01
W^
g'd
J> eo eo '^ tn to ^ ^ jD en eo' eo cn vi ^ /)' E tn 33
^ggEggEEcSgggggcu'^^g^
-^ 3KJ t-' O S
CfiQ-".
uiuiing"1
-'1
!^^
g g g w w w $
i^g
;2<
>5
S
^Si
2Q
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
o
z
o -p-o
2-3
^ w
B-W
rt t* w^
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 65
3 3 C 3 3
QJ OJ OJ 4J 4J
CG33333U(J-r
3 -O -O
: 3 3
Td -O >-, ^T3 '0-OT3"a-0_
0-0'0 oJ
OOOOOO !2i
OOOOOOOOO
o t:
EO
0 2
oo
3 3 3 3 3 3
3^2333333
0^00909 " - ^rl00
^PH23
)
oow2t5oooddooow
Q) <i> aj 3) Q)
T3 -a "O -o XJ
3 3 a 3 3
3 3 3
O n r> O O
0-t3
5 - r t: 2 3 -3 2 01 5 O _
a.o . xi ^ -
2 2 E;
u
'S'
2 -H
jH .!5-5wre^3.2 2
0<!o'S'=,G=Ji:-3
-^^soaHSootsXrtSSg.B-rt
^ = ^d^O g.E^.^. - g^^ 5 35
5^te ^ ^ ,; "S^S2 = ^ o^E
( S3 .;
Xi in =
'/> ^ &
rt Cfi ^
< ^ g.g ^ g g = 0 - - - a
>OI>OJCQC3<<^E1FE^O&
^ r#l - i#l L
" Ul 11 l
'
t
' ' ' -.-. 1_*\
oo
WW
en co
OJ OJ

i o o re rt *
3W
o .
Og
W en
,wg
rt rt cfi c w-i,_. :<.S
re H E-f
g22
ggm
^<cu 05 OS ,
< < d d Q -Ag E os
J
: : : :
-
:
2 2 2 2 2 2 -S - * ^ x; JB. p: ^: j: jp x: x: ,3 -B J: x: j: jp
k.k.l'bHl-<^lH^'^->^>^
QJQlQJOiaiOlOlOOinui xixixixi^3X3J3prp;,
-
t
- -__ ____
~~ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
H W W W WWW WWWWW[x,WWWCL,fc.bHWWfaHWWWWWWWU.[iHfaHW
M co^l-ioco-hOcOO r^t^co
p rt -p _. ^
: x: x: x: x:
o " o o ore
cfi Z cfi Zcfi OH
-a -a U
'"' M "H M
3 r: rt rt
tn in ui
HH M
1
'
*^^
x:
^
n rt O M_. rC JS
(4= ^k X x:
cn en 3
& w
66 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
=0
I
Si
o .
e
8
551
5-.
0,
X
H
X
W
ffl
Pi
Z
o
QJ 01
a b'o
O 3 o
o <o
Ul Ul
~ o
ww 2
33E33B3BBBB
010J0101Q1Q10101QJOJ
1-. l-l lH
to ^-3 >, >.^ '
O O 3 5 O 2 '
--OTJTJ-O^-OTl-O-OXJ-O^XI-^^r)
!
E33E3B3BB33CJC133E
33333i
-i"333
0090033po0
<<d<<o5oo6oooooodoooddoo
rt rt rt .
bJD be be
O o o
4J OJ OJ
.o oo .
O o o
* 3 3 3
. 4> OJ OJ .
fi
bo bo bo
. 4J 01 Ql
,05 OSC* .
o o .
2 2 ui
O O oi
3 3 r
. .1 ^ S u 3
bo bo.2
OJ OJ (j
OS OS o .. .. ^ , cfi ui ui x:
SH o
C
^ V-
'S 3 s
S2 re 2 om w> .
-E < S2
^W&'
QJ q> rri
3 3
3 3 3
O o Q
2-2 2 S 3^<
OJ OJX: 3 - j- *p i-r< .w *_.
cc^33-oO OJOJ
22scSe3 5
0
gg^l
:<<
m p
w'O
ui in o
.i: .i: JS
w PU H
ci xs .- w CJ - rt - - . . . J3 3
WWWOOScfiggOOWg^
. 3 3
-3 J3
oo
i- Oj en en
OJ -z: -c -o
^ t^ Q. CL I- ej ^ IT IT -
u, ; rt rt rt
<'.-".2.2^
Sg^SJ
." J M W 2 W < i-i M 05
o
o
^J'S
-So
re -
c/2W
W ui
dg
C33B3SC3C33333SB ,B.3.3.3,c,3x:x:-e.c.3;
eoeoentntnentntnco7'<tn33333333C333333a
i^^^ij^^^^^^^rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrartrtrtrtrtrtrt OOOOOOOOOOOt-i_v-i-L-i_t_t-i_u-t-t,>_kH)-,i_
inmintninmoOO cn
rt
rt w
rt
^: xs
3 ^
CfiZ
^ re
rt 3-
x:
M ^
re Wen
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 67
C3333C33C
4j0J4)4J4JiD4J4J4J4Jaj4J4JCJQ-'4J4J4J5J
i_i_il-ii-ii-i)-ii-Hfc.h.u.u.>-i-(t-^i-it-!~,i3C3C3C3C33C3C33C3
--------- lyOJOJuojiJCjajajDijOJ
XJX3T3XJT0T3'OT3n0T0T3X!T3X!T3T3T3T:T3T3-0'O"a"OT3'U'O"0X>Xl'O-U'O
C33333C33333333333333'~, r
"
,
~
,
~
r
"
f
~'-r"'~'^rr
333333333333333333333
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
C33CC3C3C3
3333333333__
OOOOOOOOUQUacjQuejejejejuuuuuuue-JUUUWLJW OOOOOOOOOOOO
ooooooooooooooooocSoo OOOOO OOOO OOOO
S 5
^ v? sT rt 3 _^ T
1
!
cn
QJ *N rt> J3
rtfi ')
QJ rn rt
1g VI O
OJ hr rt cnrt COrt 0
rn JC J= 4J
rt
111 ^
rt cfi

<
< to
QP a 3
^
ffl
S2
01 ^ = c3
> - .
s-p. to oi 01
01 3 OJ
; w w
in xi re o <I
3 o s j . p re 3
H* -g^-2.iS-3^ 5H= re"^sa._OT
. D.Q.'
^2 u -^ 0
E
i-A 3 rt rt g 3 2 S 5: 3 _J ^ 3
^Ewgt^mtt^-a-'.oowlgggos
*- rt ^ 0) .*- -o rtcfi^ uixigw H i^W ui.2^0 uiin.X2"-ui.. W < ^,g OS ^Acfi w-uwogwww
= E 01
rt re E W
w
li. ^i Ql -
^<xi C
3. Q,

0
22 re
W i-l ra
<< O
. . -3
ggH
tn tn ^
^ggggwgggQ
3BBEE3EEEEE33
_C33BEE3ECCE33B3BEE
3^i!^!^!^!!3333335353S2322
" E3EEEEE3E3BEC rtrerererererererert
EE3B333BBE3E3 Crerererertrtrerertrtrtrtrt
Ix.lJHWWWW(i.WWWii.t-,W
22222pi:pc:pc:c:pc:pc:^cs^oioioioioioiQioi<u
fejin u- W WbH_W W WWWWWWWWWWWWZZZZZZZZZ
01 01 01 01
zzzz
moo r^.r^oO i-i N ci mcn-tmino r^-ao CT-O^v
M w w w w cncnmcncncncncncncncntnmcn N cn r> r-co o^ O O N en ^t
~ rt ~ rt
rt J3 rt ^c
X! J3 _
-- Uj - u^
rt K^ rt K^. WPW?
_E" -Prt
JS
PIo O2 ^-. 2rt >-."2rt ZcfiPW PW
a.
c
-
-a
ww& criZ ^W rt
W
68 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
CUa
H
MW
t*
W
OO
c
'bb
s
W
o
O
E
3
S 2 x:
c
W
fi E 3 B fi
OOOOO
3 3 3 3 3
-3-3-3-0-3
_. WWWWW-o^Ta^j^^^-^^TPTj
CJ-3-3-3-3-03EE3BEE3E33
oooooooooo
1-1-3
O
3 rt rt rt rt rt
J3 O O O O O
offlmmmmooooooooooo
3 3 3 3 3 C
UH
-rt -O -O TJ T3 T3
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
O o O O O O
WW
01 01
zz
0J0jaJ4J4J0J4)4)4JQJ4JQJiUQJ4J0J4J
0) 0J4JQjaJ4J4J3C3C333333B333333
._ . -. --(ljoj4J4J4J4J4JQJaJ4JaJ4)aJQJ4Jaj4J
r~; ^^~^.^__qjoJQJ4J4JQJ4J4J4J4JOJiUQJ4J4JajU
o ooooooooooooooooooooooo
o^o N T}-VO oo w encnTt-o*o r-^oo o^O
M N W N '-,
en en -3- Tf 't
- S 3 3 3
OOO
rt _c
X! ^
*- cn S rt K_, WP
p rt
re ^. W?
_P ^^ oi oi QI re
rt -pN* 3 E B J3
j3 -o. O O O
SS"w>'w|
^ W Z cfi cfi cfi Z
MAYORS ANNUAL REPORT. 69
CCC333333C333C
0JOJqj1UlUa)(UaJtL)a)(U(ljqj4;iUlUC'
CC333333
OJ OJ QJ lb OJ QJ QJ
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 cj 333333333333333'--^'-'-^^^^ "
3 3 3 3 333333333333333333333
00000003000000000000000000000000^
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOO
y}' rt rt rt c
J- en ^o tn "S
S W WWH
OJQJOJQJQJ0J<DQJ4)4JQJQJ4JOJ4J4J4J4J4J4J4)4)<DQJ4J4J4)4JU4JU4J
3333B3BCC33GC3333333333C3C33C33C .
QJQJ4JQJQJaJ4JQJCJ4JQJ4J4J4J0J4J4J0jajQJ4JU4)4JQJCJilJ4JQJO4J4J.>
4Jaj4JQJQJQJ4JQJQJ4J4J4J4J4)0JGJQJ4JQJaJ4J4JQJQJQJQJ4JQJ4JQJ4JQJ^
ooooooooooooooooo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o_oo_
urOO'Or^.coco 0*0 t-i IH inin^o r^r^coooco O^O O ^t-u-ivOvOvO r^co o^O O O
WM,H-iwMiHiHe*NNNeNNN<NNoiencncncncncnencncncn,
3-Ti*>-i
'
x:
ZZ
rt o n
X .-.
J= rt
JS X3
re ^
Wg
rt rt -p rt x:x:^x:
x:xi -a x:
Jil| Zcfi cfiZ
rt ^H
^2 3 g.rt
rt jz a
-
x:
w^ZZcS ^-i. rt
te W
3 rt rt
or 3x:
-p re J-B
70 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
o
e
e
Si sKCl
*KJ
K
si
e
BS
z
o
O QJ
-
ui
2.2
St
4^
22
o u -o
J3 -3 re
OOH
'B^BEfiSEBEEECBEEBCECEfiEB
^EQJQJOlOJQJOlQJQJOlOlQJOlQJQjlUQJajOJQlOl.OJ
, i-i-i-t-W-t-i-J-i-i-^-^-i-^-i-1
-^1
-
1
- i-.i- T3 ^
"SEEEEECCCCEEEEBCECEBEE
3.333333333333333333333
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
<oooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOO
O
:o;o
OJ QJ
Cfi re ^f,E
O <J
O 0
C/3 UO
4J J= -
gwcu rtIs
__^ipreZZ-P:t_bo o^^te o u 3 re J;^
u. m . . g A bti>
l
-
1 3 E
o EEteOW
01 01
O
3 S
ddlw^^Soo
1 w^j^m^ j Cfi Cfi , w w to bo 2 2. - _ .
o o ui re rt ui ui <^ ui ui W re Q Q
' Suiii .ii .tnoioj
x:
OJ
E 8
rt <-> a
a
^ ^
01
01 01
- o-2 1^OJ O 'rt
J
r i ^
co W (A
3
. tn cn
20
^H^I ooSwwS Sw^Swwoo^w^w A^ s s
rt
rt "S
o
3BC3BCGBCCBG33B33C3BG
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO cocntneocntntntncoeoeointnincn^enuicoencn
uoejejoejut->ooo<juouuouuou rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrertrtrt
B ^
OJ 4)
- 0 0 O O
. ,3 J3 x: x:
rt rt
3 OJ QJ 4J. OJ
Cr0
*" zz
SP, rt -3 -- --rtrt
JS x: JS
*- tn en
OJ 4J
S-o^:
o [ "2 > -2 -3 -
- x: xs _ x: .
-;Ul4j33Qj^y uipn ui^WtSWo
W&cfiZ&gZZcfi
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 71

o
u
ru s
S (1> >
n c r: 3 c 3 3 c 3 c B 3 3 3 3 3 B 3 F c<
0JO101O1O1O1O1O1QJQJ
1 3 E E E 3 E B
OJQJOJOIWOJOIQJOIQI i- 1- i- w.
J-3-3-3-3-3T3-3-3-0-3 0
X2T3^-0'3-3-3-0-3-3-3
:CEBEEEE-3.2BEEBEEECEB
3333333301X:3333333333
30000000X^0000000000
d.dddddodddd dddoooooooH oooooooooo
-3n3-3'3-3"3-3'3-3"0-3-
3BB3BBE3333
333333333 3 3
OOOOOOOOOOO
-3 jz
o
lw
2 3 3
3 rt rt
SEE
2
> P3
rt 3
W^
. 01
OS
u^
<w
o o
OO
E
re .'
rt.-g E E2
-
c W t> t T
OOO c
. . i>" te ! O
J . T3
E E
3 ^-. K 2-
<^^0J 4J QjO t
en en to rt rt rt _L j
" ^ ^ en " - '
f
ere1
- rt j
M H-l O -3 1*H
re JH .
O
'Sw
WW
. . .c cfi cfi
ui ui .
SgoS0S0SgggWWW2EW<g<cfi
E
tn "3 O
ui ^
.3^
20
B 3
- 01 01
2-3 X! T3 o 9
Soo
g 3 B
.Poo
OS g g
. o o
022
. Cfi Cfi
. 1H QJ QJ
3 U] rt rt
' J" u^ Ul
:gWW
00 2
'- E S
01 o 3
2 ^H
2 xi -
L- ^- B
^ 3 O
eU'-' m
g 3
g 0
gx
ui S i!
g W^
x: 1-
o 01
0 2
P
o'5
OJ ^
rt y^
wS
B3BBCB33BBBEB3CBCBEBB3
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
eoenenenencnentntntniointntototneoeotntncntn
(JCJUUOOUOUOtJUUtJUOtJtJUOOtJ rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt. rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
3BBBEBBCBE
OOOOOOOOOO
tntnencnentntocotntn
UUOCJUUOOOU rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
x:x:
3
Cfi gWc2 W^ W^
72 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
DH
a
a
X
w
t
S
w E E
oi222 . 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 QJOlQJQlQlQlOlOlOl > 3 fi EBB C E E fi
oiQJoioioioioioioioi - t/J Ul U.
C C E^^TJ^^-STSTJ-S^TS-U
IrtrtrtEBEEEEEEEEEC
l'-i-EX:x:x:333333333333
133 = 0.0.3.000000000000
dooooooddooEooooooooooooooo
o o o o
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 73
^ ^ j^ ^ > f > n CJ CJ (.J
4J 4J 4) OJ 4)
gg -< gg
M-l s- v^ M-. VfH
O O O O o
eo tn
Q)
en to </i tn eo
</)(/) cntntn
3 3 3 E 3 3 E B <*- < V4_. <*- vt-, B E B E E B
m <n m <i> Q) a) 4) QJ 4) QJ 4) QJ o o fS O O 4J 4J
VP-,
V- l u
'
T3T3-aT3'T3'0'0-OT3 -O-axJ-O-^-OTJ-OT? ^ ^ xz t^ X .E J2 ,3 "O T3 "O TO -O T3
r, E r, 3 B 3 3 3 rn (l) CJ o V P
-1 n -1 n n n 1 n -i "1 n 3 3 1 3 3 a a. a, a, u. 3 3 3
o n O o o o o O O O o o o o f) < 0
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCuCUCuCLO-OO OOOOOOOO
QJ 6 JZJSJZJZ
e) O o
3
*p bo tt> to O
cn V-.
n = 3 Ul >>cn
cn
OJ
Condon .
C. Casey
ob Quint
IJ
O
o
E
o
u
3
rt
OH
< . Cummin
. Cummin
Cohen .
3
4)
x:
o
O
o o
3
rt
O
B" E"
.2 .2 'S-'o.
fi fi rt rt
JS J2
OO
>> tA x x ^
u o u t. u
QJ 4J OJ QJ 4J
J3 -3 ,3 J=
OOOO
u o u o
cn
3 *3
rt
*bL
3
O
Q
W
X5rt
g
u
g
QJ
E
O
Ul
E
1'o.
3
4J
X
o 'o O O
5
4J
cud
QJ 4J
rt
4)
CU
w
Gaza
&S.
H.
V
H.
VW
W
^ w w
ESS
QJ OJ "o
en
"o
U5
o
CO
"o
en
o
en
O O O O
3 E E E
rt rt
QJ en
rt rt rt rt
tn tn ui tn
wwww
cn
1 J
6 cn" tn en cn g
gggg&
S
< <c w w w
Oj OJ U QJ 4)
to to to CO to
C^ C^ W C/5 W
E fi fi *>
O O O O rt &&&, oca
do en rt
c/l
w
firt
0) 4J 4J (U 4J 4J 4J OJ 4J OJ OJ 4J 4) 4J OJ QJ 4) 4) OJ 4J OJ 4J eu 4J OJ OJ OJ 4J OJ QJ QJ 4J <D
4J 4) V QJ QJ OJ 4) QJ OJ cu 4J 4) 4J OJ 4J qj 4J 4J 4J 4J QJ U 4J OJ QJ OJ <v QJ OJ OJ QJ 41 OJ
> *> "*i r~\ rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt
WWWWWWW^tuWWWb-tuWWCj-WWWWU-WWWWW ^Cu W W W i- rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt WWWWJWWWJJJJJ.JJJJJHJUJWWWWWWWWWWWW
M N cn mo o 1^.00 o^ o o u-)0 CO OO ,_, N tn O r*.ao Ov ,_, n en Tt r^ O^ O r> M M
re -p 2g
w
rt w^ rt
W^ w
ti rt teW
74 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
551
e
fin
*^i
o
S
e
s
s
e
S
*^1!>
>^i
S
to
to
es
2Q
Hft.
g
Ed
X
a
a
p
PS
<
O
z
EH
O
EEECGCB33CE
QJOlOlOJOiQlOlOlQlOlOl
L_l 1 1 1 L-L-l I ^.1
EEEEE33E3B3E3E3E
0jqj0J4J4JQJQJOU4J4J414iaJ4Jaj
EE33EEEBE3EEB3EEBB3EEE33
333333333 333333333333333
OOOOOOOOOOO--*., ____,_
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
"UJ ID X3
3 3
3 3 3
OOO
O "- rt
E2 =
rt o) T;
OzwC
i^w c
WW
gg
WW
WW
b ui ui JB >..
Si?gQ^2,
1 QJ QJ
j OJ QJ
W tu :
rw^Jsll
en o u 3
-,U O H H ctf ft: ^W S S S oi os OH S
OJ OJ 4J OJ OJ OJ QJ
4J QJ QJ OJ 4J 4J il
i3^
^
Q
r
^ fi <* t - .
2 -3 - O ;
gQo:
J- O -o , ,
y C/J C)
g Ul n g
O -a
X3 T3 rt -o
O

o rt
N O
OJO
2en 6w
WW
!-- -. .
rtrtrtrtrtrtrt4J4J4)4>QJ4J0JQJQJ4)QjaJ4JQjaJO>4J414>4J v
rtrtrt^rtrtrt-2^ree^^^-2'2-2 wwwwwwwwwwwww-iwwwwwwwwwwwww
^ rt w
H -^ X3 E
8 a 3
0
!=. rt O _ te WcfiZ
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 75
BEEEBBBEEBBEEEBB EEBBBCEEBEBBEBEE
0JQjajaJ4J<UQJQj41414)QJ4J4J4J4J 0J4J4J4J4J4J4JQJQJ4JQjaJ4)414JQJ
EBBBBEEEBBEBEBEEOEEEEBBBEEEEBEEBE
3333333333333333'-3333333333333333
000000000000000030000000000000000
ooooooooocSooooooooooooooooooooooo
E >- rt rt
go
rt 3
be ^
oH
ss
w
13
uiO
g<
w
QJ
4)
EO
&!
d ui
<'g
W' 3
2
OJ OJ
rt re
2 QJ
tn 17-
'X rt
3 t: c fi
O -3
rt <
Q re
K^.W
b0=O2
u= 2 u. E
OS^OW
oj
^3 ^: QJ ui
< 6 o K 2
ui re
=
m
-rh"> S i- c o.St. o .
01 tu 01 2
>^ o^ IE x: S
2 00
o 2
^Wrt Qrt c/ S^'c/)^".B 0 ^ in QJ ro ^ . r/l "^ " ""
Egg AH w,g o H w o w g Aw ^-^ 2 w g
01 in 3
01> X
g
ivi
O
O %
" w in QJ
0 J3 e/j
, >, ^, >> s~ >,:^^wi^^"^-^*^
tZ i-~ i-ut^tSt^ I-. 1- i- t. v.t^"3'3'3,
3'0-3'3-3'3'3-3'3'D-3-3-3-3*3-3
01 01 OJ OJ OJ 01 01 01 Ql 01 01 01 QJ 01 ^.^>,^, P-i^^^^W^^^.^'^^W^t^
XJXIXS.OXJ.O.OXIXI.O.OXI.O.OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
rj-^iOvo t^c>oio o e* cnTtno^t<ioo 1^.000 o o c-ii-- i-i ^- ^-'i-vo IN cur^i^.
w
rt
x:
x:
2 S
z w&
rt rt ^3
3X! rt j5
22^-
Jl9 Io 2rt K^u
^'^Wte Zcfil
J3
.3
O
Z
2 -3
o S
^ W
. "3
2 -o 2 -3
.2 " 2 g 2
jz _Q1 &
S rt
^H 2 -
rt aj -^
X3 _.-
-3 5
m^QjUltu U1-U3l -3 rein^^re^^ re"o
WgteWte Wgcfi
76 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
69to
33
o
s
8
"Si
to
to
5Q
M
z
o

4
H
O
(ncncocncncnenuicncn CJ4J4)<lJaJ4JQJ4J414) inuitotnentntnuitoco
.... OOOOOOOOOO
- O.CUCXQ.a.aCliQ.D-a*
4Jaj4J4J 3333333333 QJO)0J4)QJ4)OJ4J4)QJ4J
u. ^ I-, ci,o,cxaa.aaa.tto.
-0 -o -a -a -a-U'U'0-aX3T3-0_
0-OT3
fifififi OOOOOOOOOO BEEBBB3EE3B
5555 oooooooooo 33333333333
PP2P XS.E.E.a^E.E.B.E.B.E OOOOOOOOOOO
r H , h ,- K r K O O U U CJ CJ O CJ tj O
OOOOOOOOOOO
CO (0
4; 4)
Ul CO
-.-. . .>^>.^>^>1^t^^^>x . .
OJOJ ojajajojcjojojojuoj
a, a, * ' 'G 'G 'G 'u '0 *o '5 'u "0 '0 oi
2200 . -oooooooooo 2' ' ^ w (n tn tn Kn w ww tn if)
cocoencncncntotouitn rs . .
^.^^ -gggggggggg
--_, 2QJOJ0JaJO10J0JQJ0JQJ
B^-U,3SSEESS
rt
3
ams.
ams.
nell.
Iden.
Shiels
on .
1 and
onk.
rereS-r, 30000000000
gu,S2EEEESEEEEE 3 0 2 5
-3 CiS r> cfi .ui ui tn ui ^tn _ui _U1 _ui Ul _ui
g g . w "E E 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
M. Will
M. Will
MacDo
Crane
. Elliott
S. S. Wa
s P. K.
. David;
S. J. Bel
S. E. Cr
3 M.
>
Seli
Cfi
|..orertrerererererertrt
WWui'-^SSEEEEEEEE .^oooooooooo jj 35 < E M s g K. m. ^
:s5 O A<3:>'2(3^ssw
^^^^.^^^.^t^^t-x rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
TS-a-O-o-^Xi^X^^jEX^-EX OJ 0J0J010JO10J0JQJOJO10J
3BE33EEB33C OOOOrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt QJ OOOOOOOOOOO
WWWWggggggggggggggggggggggg
r-~oo M N n i-i N cn ^f mo r^oo 01 o r-. M N M cntl-uivO l^co O^O nnO'vO WNWMNWNWNcn r^.
* * ' ' Ul
. . x:
ui d
. .fi (C
o-a g M- ^
2 2 23 "rt
- - rt j- . S =3 1 "
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 77
c3eccE3SE~CECC3cccEc3BEE EBEBE
Oioioioioi^^^^^^^^t^^^^^^w^w^ 010101014/
'3r
3-3'3-3'0-3-3-3-0-0-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3'3-3-3'3r:jE-;r--3'3-0-0-3
C 3
. fi.. E
r* r~ r* r~ ^ r. r~ i r-"r-r-"r-r-r-^r-f-t-r-.. ..r..\f-r-CCC
_ 3
O O
3 3 3 3 3 B 3EEEEECC
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
O O O O O O 9
3 B BCcjUuoCCfiBB
.-----_.3-----.
^vwwww^w^^w^w^^ww^ww^w^oBBBBoOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOO o op o o o^oo_
. be
Ul 3 ti
bp= o
J E
^ Ul O
o o O o 03cW
W_OJ :
o T
gg
Cfi Cfi
ui ui
gg
oi :
Wt
**. 02
cj W
S w O p5 ^ c
w'Jg
"ibl soo u QJ > c o . . i* "3
. Ul 01 3 nvy"^ ~ .'s
9i;
x:x: Ex:
u u o 2
x: x: E 3
O O 2 .2
3 E re re
re re be be
QJ 01
< 2 2 bb bb
" . 3 fi
E 2'2' o o
O tn Ul cj o ^
i- x: oi oi 0
ui tn tn
ggg
J Cfi
ui ui
gg
iW
230^^-5 'c
2^^w>.S"'-!i.^
==^3^^x223
'"'^ .'5 .^-'IJQJ'^
. _; . s OJ oi .
^
K en en fi fi W
o o. i,Q fo U* X ffi N
5J4JQJQJ4J41QJQJ4JajqjQjaJ0JQJ4)414J0J4Jqj4JU4JQJ4J4J41(U4J4J<lJQJ
EEEBEBBBEEBBBEEBBBEBEBEEEEE'BEEEEE
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ggggggggggggggggggggggggsgggggggg
.
to rn
x: ,3 en
-E -5 'X2 en en "x: -5 J3
. ex: ua > . _
4) w i ' C ^
c; o o B u
O 4J ^ & 41 O B O "S rt C. rt _c
-O *
J
*-' -t-1
wtn-O^to^ui^
rt rt*h^ rt^^, rtj^
WWg?WPWP
2 o^s
re " re "
W& W^
S2 2
3 X! J= X5
2222
IZcfiZco o| o
^- rt O
x x: S
.3 S
art K^. isw
\A> W
78 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
00to
ess
e
" Si
5>3
to
Sto

D.
S3
a
X
><ffl
z
o
o
EBCEECCBEEEEEEEEEEEBEEBCEC
OIOIOIOIOIOIUOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIOIQJOIOI k.k-l.k--l.!-l-l.-!-l~>-^->-l.k.l--k-l.>-l-l-> t-
-3'3-3-3'3'3'0-3-3-3'3'3-3*0p
0'3T3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3p
3j3-
ECCEEfiCEBBECCEEfiEfiBfiCCCCCEtJ 33333333333333333333333333^- 000000000000000000000000003
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
oi E-t
-3-oO'
rt rt 3 t^
s . 3 3 "SO
oo S* .
gg
O 2 "
V} <
cn '0
i O ui
o 2 " W'E:
gg
w w
ui ui
gg
g 2
tnW
gw
^^
aoE
ui tn .3 ui
o u inS
x: x: . rt
s 2^5
X2 .
fi X3 -3
2 3 E
>.2cfi g
^20
O "
i
HHH
O 01 O O Ul
Xx
-3 O O
X3 -OS^; i P w , oi
^W g g g ^^ g ^Aas w E
B E E JS
n O O O
n CO m cn
Ul 3
^J a> (11 (I)
0 -Q ^3 ^C )
rt rt 0
' a: os 02
rr u
0 O O
Ul
22
o
S 01
*- -3
rt ^
^w&wgiSwg^ w&
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 79
_: x:
O 9 "
o o s:
x:x:
E Cx:
OJ Q o
^fi 2
o
>,X
EEBEccc
OJ41QjaiQJ4J4)4)QJ4141QJoJ4JCJ
^T3T3'O*ar
TD'0'O"O-0'a'T3'OT3T3'O-O_
a'T3Xl"OT3'OT3"0
BEEEBEBBEB3EBEEE3E3EE3BEE
3333333333333333333333333 fi 3 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCO g
cfl^OO<0<cSoOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOO O U ;
OJ OJ .
0 o S2 2
QJ 01 2
'bb"5)2
OO ^o
01 QJ
222
2 2 3
g g Cfi
O 2rt 2rt 2rt 2rt 2rt 15 !5S 1515 5 15 1^ J4 1^ ^1 J4 ^ ^ ^5 1^ JS 15 15 15 15 .w JA 15 15
e/j UJ i/i Ul UJ en U) r/t U) fO to m cn rn
0J0JQJQJ4133333333 ________
X Z S'W W fo O X N -f \n\0 r^ o O O
zw^
rt
X3 rt *rt
XJ ,E
m
rt rt
J3 J3 rt rt ^ i_
JE ,3 ?
S-S *-'
5o o *-,. rt
cfiZ? W
80 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
05to I
S
Si
e
Rs
^^
s
S
Is
to
toto
H
0.
a
K
X
H
ffl CBBEBEE , ECCCEEEECCECECEC
njOlOlOlUOJOJu^ OJOJQJOJOJQJOJQlOlajqjqjajOJQJQJ
IS J^i-w-v-fc-v-i-^ ^i_.-^fc.^t.t.i-^ iX^;j;^
TZ T} -O TJ ^3 ~0 TJ '3j-'r-'r:-3-3-3-3-3p
3-3-3-3'3-3-3T3-3-3-3
ECC3BCC otjtic3B3CCBE3BECCB3C
3333333-nt:i-'-3333333333333333 2222222-2522S22222S22222S22
0000000 m'd 000000000000060000
cn
3
. t-^ rt
t_, i
- - rt -
.OS . .
o" o" 0 o" o" 0
11 OOOOOO
O . B be be bfj be be be *
K*< . 01 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a
^ 2 2
_ fe 3 3
333333
CJ CJ U (J 01 u .
c/i '--^JEX^ rererererere ti S^oo -222222 3.O.Q.O._
z
0
1- 3
rt rt
JS
ESuu 3B=33BOOgO___-__
^reww 222J322o.cucuo.>>>>>> fire --figggggg 000000
R. Remshart
H. Remshart
5. A. F. Rems
H. Abrahams
smon Cohen,
eph Mathews
>s M. R. Hein
annah. Florid
hel African
M
hel African
M
hlehem Churc
annah Brick . annah Brick '.
annah Brick
annah Brick '.
annah Brick
annah Brick '.
Lovell's Sons,
Lovell's Sons,
Lovell's Sons,
Lovell's Sons,
ate Edward L
ate Edward L
ate Edward' L
ate Edward L
ate Edward L
ate Edward L
-- ,3ui^> -;>>>>>> -.-.wwww
' -.w rtnl^rtOJOJOlrt-.rtrtrtrt - - -Uluiuiuiuiui E 0 g < cfi ^g wcooasncncficficficficfiwwwwwwwwww
ft
<
2222 2 2 2 22 ^ "^ 2 2 2 "^ 2
2 OIOIOIQIOIOIOIOI2OIQJ"UQIOIOI'QJ
'C'C'S'S'C'S * ' E*ntr:t3cnu='x=tj=<x=ix=cc=tBu=tr:iBu=:<3
S-S-S-S-TS-S O >,>,>>QJ MbDbcbobCMbobobobcbJjbobtbobobo
re rt rt rt rt re c 2 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2222 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0. Cuft.0.a.CUQ.OScficficfiCfiCfiCfiCficficficficficficfiCficficficficficfic/)
(Ht-iMTtr^cocficii-iMvOi-iNcn^-tr)ior^coooc<i^.nor^ C<1 0 c1P-)t^C-)MC*01vO MM
6
Z
^ . 1- 3 w
M
re '-' . Q.Q1 <* O. X3 w -3 S-3 ts S
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 81
ECECCC3BE S55SooiSojQjs;2222
fi fi E fi C C fi
"01
EEEECCCEEBEEEEEBB
QlQlOlQlQlQJOlOJOJOJQlOlmQJaiQlQl l-l-i-v-i-t.i-i-v.i-i-*-j;i-i-t-v.
-3'3-3p
3
p
T3'3-3-3*3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3T3-3-3,
3-3-3-3-3-3-3'3-3'3'3
CCEEECECCECECECCEBBEEEBBEEEEEEEEE
333333333333333333333333333333333
000000000900000000000000000009990
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
o
o
ooo
'OOO
' be be be
.BBC
4J 01 QJ OJ rt rt rt
bJD
o E E E gg S
'$** J ^ M
U O U
,13 ggg & mm
rt E XI
B SJNN rt rt rt
n B E
E 3 3 3
rtr>
rt rt
caca
-3 -3
O O
220
j _ os os tigj
re rt ^ ^ CQ " tS
ui J= X
QJ ui jn
3 2 rt .
-a x
m O
W Wl
ui en
gg:
JQ-CU^ ^rn^^ 5 oj-33:/"
:wwWWpm
--i;EWS(i
'
lSK1j(n2rt22u^ .3322t
._g_gww2-^ j btbcrt rtO Eou^S rtE oi-K
;<<;wwwwgsoowo^w QSwgog>wg<
x:E
o

3
g ^
c/S E
. oi
<1i
<%
o
o
B
rt O I
bC X
2
Q
. go
re Q
g
g
oi S's
u;oa
-0-0-3-3-3-3-3'0-3-0-3-0-3-0'3-3'3-3"0-3-3 ^
Qjoioioioioioioioioioioioiojoioiojoi'oi'^'^uiuiuiuiuitnui . , . , .
ixri^tCtEtBtBtCUScncntEixrixSix^iXSU^yStEtfitctB 3 3 C 3 fi C E
bobobebobobobobobebcbobebebcbcbcbebcbcbebe1
! oi oi oi oi oi oi rLoXcLrL EEEEEECCEccccEB30EEEEx:x:x:x:x:x:x:girr'r'
S.aS.ciiaS.S.aaS.S.ao.a.a.5.ao.S.o.2H222 S 2 2 2 2
cfi cfi cfi cfi cfi cficficficncficficficficficficficfiCfiCfiCfiCficficficficficficficfiHf-HHH
N W CO CO
rt rt
EE
_ re rt JE
x: re ^- re H re
^ x: x:
3 ui ^ ui tj tn
o rt K^ re ^ rt
Cfi W P W ? W
82 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPOKT.
toI
8
e
8

EH
PH
S
H
X
W
ffl
is
esM
Z
o
C3BEBEEBEEBE
01010JQ1010101010101Q1QJ
BBEcCfiEEEB C
JlJlQlOJOlOJOJOlOl^ ?1
"3 "3 -3 -3 -3 -3 "3 -3 -3 "3 ^ -3 -3 "3 -3 "3 "3 "3 -3 -3 "3 "O -3 -3
EEBEEECCCCufifiEEEBBCfiBEBC
33333333331-3333333333333
OOOOOOOCOOBQOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
-3-3-3
3 fi 3
000
2Q
2
be
3QS
QJ O
<'^,g
OS
W2g
CQ
g ^g
ui B en :
u QJ tgEgc
oO
re ui
3 JS
>. o
iS o
CQo
2 01 01
-3 01 01
x: u! S ^
O 5 3 g
Sdw^-
I
DS og 3 B
1
^
E E "At
-3
3 3 " "3 O O t: Ul Ul Ul 3
3-3-3
O
ui of- 22
3 c -OS 01
3 3 t. .01
3
= 2
oj tn
2 ^2
2 g H o-O O < '-> W 5 , ^ > E
'W ^Q.
OQ regcfi^^^-^^WW^- ^ E^-'g^
m . . KJKJ .'-OJ^re .
< W W cfi O O nAg < > P O g E W,Q O
.8to
EH
O
0.3.0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
3333333333333333333 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
000000000000000000009990
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
^- in tn m O O w
-
<jj " yj
Z^H^
^2 rt
rt rt ,3
*-. *J to
cn eo OJ
ww
' t? 0
"H = *H' H-. t- > .^ rt rt '
- $ .3 JS js
--. rt t^,, rt K^, re K^. rt
^WPW^H^W
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 83
BECCfiEEEEfiCCEE
OJOJQJOIOIQJOIQIOIQIQIQJOIOJ . -BBEBEEECCC
QJOIOJOIOIQIOI^IOIOJOIOJOIOJ
22222222^^ O-O-a-O-O-a-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O -3-3 T3-0-3T3-3 BCCCCCBEEECECEEBCEESBEECEEBfiEEECC 333333333333333333353nT55 _ 3 = 5S55S
- O O - _
1- u, i- v. 1-
3 _
O O
_ 3 _
OOO
3 .
O O
3 3
O
3 _
O O
_ 3
O O
. 3 3
O O
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
EBEEEEEEBBEEBC
QIQJQJOIOIOIQJOJOIOIOJOIOJQJ
g- g- g- o. a d. o. d. o. d 0. g g g g
l^^llllllllllllmJJJJill - s s s 5 S
>-< N fO^^invnO O M c*-> cn ^- rj- in in\0 t^-oo
^'^ cfitn
'*" rt JG
22 rt-c w
ZW^W&
xxx^::=^2| ji^
2222"c
-'-3w xs -3 "2, -3 w
to'-sin^xr^ui t^t^uiwwui
O^o^^- -01 Br^uiu. QJ
Zc^Zc^W^Zcfi^ c^Z^WW^
84 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REl'ORT.
Co to
Si
OH
o
8
r8
e
8
8
e
H
CU
a
w
X
w
ffl
PS
K
Z
o
Ul tn ui ui ui ul
01 01 OJ QJ 01 01
ui ui ui tn in ui OOOOOO 0.0.0.0.0.0.^3t33S3S^333*- w wwwww
3333E30101010J0J0JajajQjaj[Uajoajajaj
0.0.0.0.0.0. i-k.k.i-i.t.u.k.k.1-
5222333a3E3ECE3EEBE3
--30003333333333333333
ix:j3x:-3x:x:poocoocooooooooo
6o666cficficfi!cficfi66oo oooooooooooo
-3-3-3-3-3
E E C C E '
3 3 3 3 3
OOOOO
OJ
3 3 3 3 3
OOOOO
rt rt rt
OOO
C .
O
O O w w
rerere^^L-i-Qi
o o .; .; rt rt -3
ui 2 x: JG
"Z be2 H
Sjfflffl
-3
k.rt
S 3 3
3J0
-
ScficfiJ 52 Q . _
,-3-3-3-3-3-3 . .Uiuim
1
-H .L-cJQ
WWWWWW E 3 3 r-M^t"1 o'gBWO
2 w
E
rtrt- t-i-3 -3-3-3-3-3 . . tn Ul
^Og-trWWWWWWEEEE^fiW
. g 2 E
0

0 0
o o^^oSOS^^^^o: "
E - IS 1, l
-
t
-
,
-^-i-l
-33-T"'-!H ui^ o^^ ^rt rt rt rt rt rt 2 re a. a.
wO-3-_'i-JOOOOOOuiu. . 3J3^:tnu, rt^J^J^J^-J-w
g ^H EgCCCCCQQSPQXWWOO 2,g gWWWggggg<
QJ 1U OJ
ui ui re re
Ql 3 ^
. Cfi *
<l W < W -3
g i
ui tn tn u. ^
5is
8
to
to
e
ft
PS
<
3 E B E 3 3
OOOOOO
O
Z
H
s
41 0)
rt rt
41
rt
EEB3EEEEE
OOOOOOOOO
bJDbfibcbcbjDbChflbD^^OhobOtijbJbbijbl)
EEEEE33EBBB3EEBE3E33EEEE OJ 4J 41 QJ QJ QJ OJ 01 '3 '3 '3 -
t-t-^-k-t-s ^^-eocoeoeoujcocococouiuiuieoenenen
rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtc'Srtrtrtrt
w fiTj-rfuTOO r^-i^co O^OO
* 1-1
02
fig 2 x: fe
rt
^W Zcfi : w& w
o
Zc
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 85
BECEEEECEfiCOEEECCCCCEEECCEEEC 33
ggS5SSo;SojoiQJ2S:Sii"S2221iS ""
3-0-3-3-3-3-0'3-33-3T3-3-3-3-0-3-3-a-3-3-3-3'3-3'3-3-3-3 >> >,-0 "3
BCCE33BB3EEEEECCCEEEECCCCEECE.^.3 3E
33333333333333333333333333333^.^33
0000000000000090900000000000 O^J O O
ooooooc5oooooooooooooc5oooo oooooooo
> 3 rt
Cfi
i.gwg. -
</12'
g w wQ>
SP K ui c i: 01 OJ 01 -- 01 E .E 3 g
13B0l--;rtEE
-21
-'^J^;OO
rt -o-x m| |\ -S "S x x
1r3^^.w
.rr-E^iencn
^COOrtWC^foQU -Eg
ui ' '5? 41 en 4) w . ^^ rt rt
3 OJ '^ bL"^ U^ *- t> w
rE JZ
C w .^Bir41J?4Jrtrt
E^enoC-O^ E
1
-
1
-'
i
t
U^ti:4j4J0jO.-=X}^
E 3 E E 3 3 E B 3 3
OOOOOOOOOOO
3 E B E
OOOO
EBEE3E3EEEBBE3EEEE
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
fcjDbobfibCbCbcbbfibobJ)bot#bDbDbflbcbcbCbobf)Mbflbj;bc
ECEBBBEEE33EEB3EEEEEEEEE3B3B3EEEE
|r; r! ^e "rC !g g !c ,_c 'g *JS r; ^rt ^5 *g *e '<r| ^ .^ ,^ ,'^ ,^ IH ,n Irt le 'rt ,n Irt '^ "^ 'n .H Irt
cnenuimencocneoencnencocoeoeococouicoc/ieocotouieocoineoencneneoeo rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt
M co ^t- no o O r^ r-~oo 03 aj co o* o* G* O -t ON Oi O o N cn rt- in u-i
wNe3Wcc*o*c^cacoc<"icic<icc>ccjcoco
Cfi
J3
^Cfi
rt -w ^ jc
^2 t-S
! ^ & W W "2 0
'^2
. *
0
^ rt ^ . - - rt
rt rt
-E X
1 Zcfi
2^
_ .. rt S -w 0
rt ^ ^3
-3 ^5 re x: x: "Z
a
H
-0
re ^i- -3olo - 5re W W^ZcfiP W
re W^
86 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
toI
8
^>
e
8
8
e
5>5
8
to
to
e
x
w
III OJ OJ o
-3-3 nj^^^XJTS-nTS^-O-OTSTSTS-O^-S-O-O-O CE3EBEEEEEBEEEEEEEEEBE
33 --3333333333333333333 90M00000000000000000001-10
OOWOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOE
c 3
01 OJ
. t. >-
2-3-3
- C 3
S" 3 3
o
EQO
PSw
z
o
5 OJ
.2 5
ui
-3 2rt fe -
32.
go
Cfi 33 '
-
3
g
g^ogg
Ul OJ rt 4J
~fe- bo -
E3 --414J^(-rt
2^l2^-|l
^encno^Ot'1
"=*
W CQ ,
0
3
E33E33EEB
OOOOOOOOO
bcbcbOhObobBbJObObc
BE3EEEEEB
1EXIE1E encnencncntnenmen rt re rt rt rt rt rt
gsd
"" .2 <g WQ
^.gg,
QJO101QJ01010JQJQJQJQJ0J0JQJQJO101Q1
^&&&&^&&&&&^^5:&^&&&&^<:^&&^&
M w cnencn^.nmr^o O N c<-) rt ino
O
Z
H
O
.-3 -3rtrt--rt--.rt-3re ^ X= XI XI rt j; _ j-
3-2
'"12 2
re - re - re
JH re .3 ^3
_ _ -o ^
uiuSuiJiuiutnu 22 oi2ii'ni'noi
W^^W&W&w5: ^g(3 ^^^(3^(3^
w *i en *^ cn
^ n
u
rt J"
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 87
2-3
3
^JS JS
OO u
rt
QJ
' " "
- E
<
o
jjx: "5 tn o u.
E O x: x: js jj x: xs 0
rtrtrtrtrtrt.J ^5 3 3 C 3 C fiW
Xorertrtrtrert^cH
re3.rtrtrtrtrtrtr/.
g ^Cfi Cfi Cfi Cfi Cfi Cfi -
u *. M- ^ - *. 3
01bDOO
OO
o
Ort
re c ^^^^^^Qin O .3 .3 .3: .3 .3 .3 WOOOOOOOcfi
4J ' P <li QJ O *
4J 12 41 t- _.
10 E " neJg .
k- g oj
s:l^i:
w .^22,5 .
8 ,-<o& .
-2 0 0 0^ .
0 b 0 0 0 -
ui "t/i rt -^rt rt rtun-tX
4J 41 JS x: ,3 J3 JS JS
88 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF SINKING FUND COMMISSIONERS.
SAVANNAH, December 31, 1889.
His Honor John Schwarz,
Mayor:
The term of the Old Board of Sinking Fund Com
missioners having expired with the close of 1888, on
the 29th day of December, 1888, the City Council
elected the gentlemen whose names are signed to this
report to serve as Sinking Fund Commissioners for
the next ensuing ten years.
It is with regret that his associates in this work
have to part with their former efficient chairman, Capt.
John Flannery, who declined to serve another term.
At a meeting of the Board, Joseph D. Weed was
elected chairman.
This Board respectfully submit a report of their
work for the current yearthe eleventh annual report,
and the first of this Board.
With the funds at our disposal, say $99.78 balance
due from the appropriation for 1888, and $25,000 for
1889, as provided by ordinance for retiring bonds of
the issue of 1879, we have purchased bonds of that
issue of the face value of $24,000, as follows:
Feb. 9, 1889. .. .6,000 bonds at $104.00 $6,240 00
Feb. 12, 1889 ... .2,000 bonds at 104.00 2,080 00
Feb. 13, 1889.... 7,300 bonds at 104.00 7,592 00
March 6, 1889.... 1,500 bonds at 104.25 1,563 75
.March 30, 1889.... 1,500 bonds at 105.75 1,586 25
April 4, 1889.... 5,300 bond sat 105.75 5,604 75
May 7,1889 400 bonds at 105.50 422 00
Total 24,000 Costing.... $ 25,088 75
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 69
Previously retired. 191,300 Costing.... $174,900 22
Total retired 215,300 Costing.... $199,988 97
Leaving to our credit with the City Treas
urer, to be added to the appropriation
of 1890 11 03
We have also purchased of the bonds of the issue
of 1883 of the face value of 6,050, as follows :
Feb. 20, 1889 2,000 bonds at $104.50.. $2,090 00
Feb. 27, 1889 2,000 bonds at 105.50.. 2,110 00
May 7, 1889 50 bonds at 105.25.. 52 75
Nov. 7, 1889 2,000 bonds at 107.00.. 2,140 00
Total 6,050 Costing $6,3C
2 75
Purchased
previously... 30,000 Costing.. . . 28,812 50
Total purchase. 36,050 Costing $35,205 25
All of which bonds, with the unmatured coupons
attached thereto, have been cancelled and handed to
the City Treasurer for such final disposition as Coun
cil may direct.
We have cancelled old bonds to the amount of
$8,800, viz: $7,500 of the issue of 1853, and $1,300
of the issue of 1866, received in exchange for a like
amount of new bonds of the issue of 1879, in accord
ance with the terms of the compromise.
The new bonds stand as follows :
ISSUE OF 1879.
Signed and made available for exchange, as
per last report $3,513,000
Signed February 13, 1889 3,300
Total signed and available $3,516,300
Of which there have been is
sued in exchange, as per
last report $3,506,200
Issued in exchange, as above. 8,800$3,515,000
90 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Leaving in the hands of the Treasurer
for exchange $ 1,300
Of the bonds issued $242,700 have been cancelled,
as follows:
Received per balances on ground rent lots . $ 9,200
Special purchases as per previous report. .. 18,200
Purchased out of the Sinking Fund 215,300
Total cancelled $242,700
Which leaves now outstanding 3,272,300
ISSUE OF 1883.
Total signed and made available per ex
change $390,000
Of which there have been issued in ex
change 387,400
Leaving in the hands of the Treasurer. $ 2,600
Of the bonds issued $50,950 have been cancelled as
follows:
Special purchase, as per a previous report . $ 14,900
Purchased out of Sinking Fund 36,050
Total amount cancelled $ 50,950
Which leaves outstanding 336,450
Respectfully submitted,
JOSEPH D. WEED,
S. GUCKENHEIMEK,
JOHN L. HAMMOND,
WILLIAM GARRARD,
JOHN L. HARDEE,
Sinking Fund Commissioners.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 91
REPORT OF CORPORATION ATTORNEY.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 6, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor of the City of Savannah :
DEAR SIRAll the cases mentioned in my last re
port as being then on hand, have been since disposed
of, with the exception of two.
The settlement agreed on in the suit of the city
against the sureties of John Deacy, has been carried
out and the case settled.
The injunction suit of James J. Waring et al. vs.
the City, attacking the tax execution for 1886 against
property south of Gwinnett and east of Lincoln
streets, has been settled. Without conceding the
legal necessity for this, the city agreed to purchase
land sufficient for lanes from the executors of Dr.
Waring, and a consent decree satisfactory to the city
has been taken, and the suit finally disposed of. Un
der this decree, the property becomes taxable, without
further dispute. My former report, on page 54 of
your predecessor's Annual Report, states the legal
point involved in this case.
In the equity suit of the Church Wardens and Ves
trymen of Christ Church, which involves their claim
to a portion of the Old Cemetery, and which a year
ago was pending on appeal in our Supreme Court, the
judgment of the lower Court in favor of the city was
reversed, and, under this decision, the only defense
left in the case must be based on prescription. I will,
at an early day, obtain final instructions from Council
as to this case.
The damage suit of Miss Walker against the city
has been settled by compromise.
92 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The old Blake suit, Involving, in principal and in
terest, over $50,000, has been tried in our Superior
Court, and a verdict for the city has been rendered.
The complainants have filed a motion for a new trial,
which is nowT pending.
The action of Robert F. Downing vs. the City, in
which plaintiff claimed damages in the sum of ten
thousand dollars ($10,000) for personal injuries alleged
to have been caused by a defective condition of the
street, was tried in the City Court, and resulted in a
verdict for plaintiff in the sum of three hundred dol
lars ($300). This verdict has been since settled.
The case of Mrs. H. Foley, as administratrix, is
still pending in the City Court.
The small suit mentioned in my last report, pend
ing in a Justice's Court against the city, has been
since dismissed.
The foregoing notices the litigation on hand at the
date of my last report.
Since then, three suits have been brought against
the city, namely, that of John G. Gillman, this being an
action for five thousand dollars ($5,000) for personal in
juries received on the Bay ; that of E. M. Pittman, an
action for two thousand dollars ($2,000) for personal in
juries received on account of an alleged defect in the
street, and the suit of the Vernon Shell Road Company
for an injunction to restrain the city from removing its
fences along the line of the White Bluff Road, within
the city limits. The Gillman suit was settled by com
promise. The Pittman suit is pending, and has been
assigned for trial on the 10th instant. The injunction
case mentioned is still pending.
In addition to these, a large number of illegality
cases have recently arisen, contesting the validity of
the executions of the city based upon the city's claims
for the improvement of Liberty street, and will be
heard in our Superior Court as soon as I can secure a
hearing. These illegalities were presented too late for
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 93
the present term, and I fear now will not be heard be
fore the March term.
Since my last report, I have written a number of
contracts, have given a number of opinions, written
and verbal, and have attended to the usual routine
business of the office. Nothing covered by these mat
ters seems now to demand special mention.
Very truly yours,
SAMUEL B. ADAMS,
Corporation Attorney.
94 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT
REPORT OF CORPORATION ATTORNEY RELA
TIVE TO TAXATION GROUND RENT LOTS.
The Honorable the Mayor and
Aldermen of the City of Savannah :
GENTLEMENAs requested by the resolution adopted
at the last meeting of your Council, I now beg to sub
mit my opinion as to the legal status of those lots in
the city, commonly referred to as ground rent lots,
and which constitute the bulk of the property which
the city does not tax, and on the important question
as to whether these lots are subject to municipal taxa
tion.
It seems to me that the contention of Attorney Gen
eral Charlton, in the case of Gibbons vs. Gibbons, re
ported in T. U. P. Charlton's Reports, to the effect
that the purchasers of these lots are seized of a free
hold of inheritance which may be defeated upon the
non-performance of a condition subsequent, is clearly
correct. This contention was sustained by the Supe
rior Court in a case which determined that these lots
were subject to State and County taxation, a deter
mination which necessarily involved the decision that
the property did not belong to the city, but to the
holders of these titles. Nothing was said or intimated
in this case as to the liability to city taxation, but the
decision has, obviously, material bearing upon this
question.
If the city is the owner of this property, it must be
the landlord, and the writings under which they are
held would be leases. But, for the reasons mentioned
by the Attorney General in the Gibbon's case, it can
not, with any show of reason, be claimed that these
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 95
papers are mere leases. They do not convey a less
term than the city had and are not for any determi
nate period. (See also Taylor's Landlord and Tenant,
pages 3 and 4).
The first ordinance looking to this disposition of
the public domain was passed September 28th, 1790,
and the subsequent ordinances, including the last
passed in 1854, are modeled after this first ordinance.
It and the subsequent ordinances provide for a "sale"
of the lots, not a lease, that the highest bidder shall
be deemed "the purchaser of the lot then under sale,"
and forever secures to the purchaser, his heirs and
assigns, the lots sold, subject only to the condition of
his paying what is called a ground rent, but is in
reality only an interest on the portion or the purchase
money withheld, generally, too, a small interest. One
of the ordinances speaks of this ground rent as "in
terest or ground rent." All of the ordinances show
an unmistakable purpose, as do the deeds, that the
title shall go out of the city and vest absolutely in the
purchaser, subject only to the condition mentioned.
Other ordinances, such as the paving ordinances, refer
to the holders of the lots as owners, and assess them
as owners. By an Act of February 10th, 1787, the
then Wardens of the town of Savannah (whose rights
and powers went to their successors, the Mayor and
Aldermen,) were vested with full power "to lease or
rent" the public domain "at public sale," and be
tween this date and the passage of the Act of Decem
ber 21st, 1822, a large number of these lots now under
consideration were disposed of by the city, and yet
we find, that at the date last mentioned, the Legisla
ture of Georgia found it necessary to validate and
confirm these sales, because, under the Act of 1760,
the city could not alienate or grant any part of the
public domain without a statute of the Legislature so
authorizing. The first section of the Act of Decem
ber, 1822, provides "that all and singular the convey-
96 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
ances heretofore made of the said town common under
the authority of the Mayor and Aldermen, whether in
fee simple or otherwise, shall be, and they are hereby
declared to be, legalized, confirmed and made valid to
all intents and purposes according to the covenants,
limitations and agreements of the same." This Act,
in connection with the prior legislation noticed,
strengthens the position that these conveyances w
Tere
not regarded as leases, but rather as alienations of the
public domain requiring direct Legislature authoriza
tion.
These lots and the titles under which they are held
have been before our Supreme Court twice. The first
decision is that in the case of Swoll et al. vs. Oliver
et al., in 61 Georgia, where the Supreme Court sus
tains the lawfulness of the city's re-entry, and the
claim of a purchaser from the city after such re-entry
as against the title of those claiming under the origi
nal purchaser. No point was decided in that case of
a controlling character so far as the question now
being discussed is concerned. The Court, however,
evidently thought that the holders of one of these
lots was the owner, and Judge Warner recognizes in
terms that a re-entry was essential in order to "re-in
vest" the city with the title, before such re-entry the
title being out of the city. In the case of Lawrence
et al. vs. the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Sa
vannah, reported in 71 Georgia, decided in 1883, the
question of the city's rights under these conveyances
was directly adjudicated, and it is there held by a
unanimous Court that the city, in the event of non
compliance by the grantee with the condition of his
deed, could re-enter only for the purpose of reselling,
that the city must sell, pay itself the balance of the
original purchase money, and hold the residue (should
the property at this second sale bring more than the
original purchase money) for the holder of its title.
In delivering the decision of the Court, Judge Hall
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 97
refers to the holder of one of these titles as '' the true
owner," and then uses this emphatic language : " The
right reserved, by the city was only a pledge or secu
rityfor a debt that might be due to it.''' (Italic ours).
In view of this decision, the city's position with refer
ence to these lots is substantially that of any other
vendor who has taken a purchase money mortgage to
secure the balance of the purchase money. I know
that the ordinances and the deeds use the word "rent,"
but in considering the question as to the legal status
of this title (I am not now touching the question as to
whether they are exempt by contract), I do not con
sider this w
Tord to be material. The lawT has very lit
tle regard for mere w
Tords, or the mere literalism of
language. "Qui hceret in, litera, hceret in cortice.""
Are these lots taxable by the city % This question
must be answered in the affirmative, unless it can be
made to appear, to appear clearly, that they are ex
empt by law, or by a valid, irrepealable contract.
Under the present constitution, all property must be
taxed, save and except that specially excepted. These
specifications are construed with great strictness, and
the burden is always upon the person claiming the ex
emption, to show clearly that he comes within an ex
ception. Former constitutions permitted some dis
cretion as to exemptions, but the present permits none.
As said by the Supreme Court of this State through
Judge Hall, in the case of the City of Savannah vs.
Crawford & Lovell, 75 Georgia, "the party claiming
the exemption must produce the law exonerating him.''
In the language of the same court in a later case, (79
Ga. 801) "all property of whatever kind in this State,
unless expressly exempted by the laws thereof, or by
the laws of the United States, is subject to taxation,
and must pay its pro rata part of the taxes for the
support of the government, in whosever hands it may
be, or whoever may return the same for taxation."
In a still later case, (80 Ga. 64) the court decides tha/t
98 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
the holder of a bond for titles in possession of prop
erty, although he has no deed, but merely an agree
ment under which he may secure the title, should pay
the taxes, as between himself and the person under
whom he holds, although the assessment may be made
by the State against either. The constitution, ex industria, provides that "call laws exempting property from
taxation other than the property enumerated shall be
void," and thus stresses the policy of our fundamen
tal law on this important question. It does not, of
course, attempt to impair contracts previously entered
into, but it confines exemptions based on statutes, on
laws as laws, to the cases enumerated. Now in the
enumeration, the only words that the most ardent ad
vocate of a legal exemption would mention, are the
words "public property." The other exceptions do
not touch these lots even remotely. In view of what
has already been said, the conclusion is unavoidable,
that these lots are not public property, because they
do not belong to the city, and it will not be contended
that they belong to the United States government, or
to the State, or to the County. If the city has parted
with the title, then they are not covered by this exemp
tion. I cannot find any law, State or municipal, which
provides that they shall be exempt. I have looked
carefully and have found none. If a law had been
passed prior to the present constitution, it would have
been repealed and abrogated as a law, and could be of
no service to those claiming the exemption, save only
in so far as it might be utilized as evidence of a con
tract. Laws undertaking to exempt property, perpet
ually or for any period of time, even where there is no
constitutional restriction upon the power of the law
maker to pass such laws, can always be repealed as
laws. A valid contract of exemption, if made prior
to the constitution of 1877, is not set aside by the consti
tution, and if a law, or ordinance can be cited which
provides that these lots shall be exempt, such law or
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 99
ordinance might be of evidential value (although not
conclusive) to aid in the proof of a contract. As a
mere law or ordinance, however, apart from the idea
of contract, it would stand repealed. I come there
fore to the consideration of the next question.
Are these lots exempt by a valid, irrepealable, con
tract? This is the only question about which I have
experienced any difficulty, and it has given me very
great trouble, exacting from me much thought and in
vestigation. I realize very fully that my opinion may
be held to be incorrect by the courts. Indeed, I will
not be surprised by this result, but the opinion is the
result of much anxious thought.
No proposition is better established than that such
a contract must be clearly proved by him who asserts
it; that all the presumptions are, ordinarily, against
its existence, and that if there be any fair doubt about
its existence, that doubt must be given to the public,
because, ordinarily, justice and right are against ex
emptions, and in favor of the equalization of the bur
dens of taxation. In the language of our Supreme
Court, in the case of the Atlanta Street Railroad Com
pany vs. the City of Atlanta (66 Ga.) "all exemptions
from legal taxation are construed strictly. The power
to tax is the life-blood of the State and of the govern
ing communities, county and municipal, which are the
limbs of the State, essential to the well-being of the
entire body politic, indeed to its healthful action and
the preservation of life. And the Supreme Court of
the Union, as of this State, so rule, and the whole cur
rent of the law flows in the same channel with scarcely
a ripple in its course." In the language of the Su
preme Court of the United States, through Chief Jus
tice Marshall, "that the taxing power is of vital im
portance, that it is essential to the existence of gov
ernment, are truths which it cannot be necessary to
re-affirm ; they are acknowledged and asserted by all.
It would seem that the relinquishments of such a
100 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
power is never to be assumed." (4 Peters, 561.) The
same august tribunal, in the case of Christ Church of
Philadelphia versus the County of Philadelphia, (20
How), sustains the same rule of construction in a case
where it appeared that the Legislature of Pennsylva
nia, in 1833, had provided, by special Act, that "the
real property, including ground rents, now belonging
and payable to Christ Church Hospital in Philadel
phia, so long as the same shall continue to belong to
said hospital shall be and remain free from taxation."
The inducement for the legislation was stated in the
Act to be, "that the corporation having for many years
afforded an asylum to numerous poor and destitute
widows, who would have probably else become a pub
lic charge, and it being represented that, in conse
quence of the decay of the buildings of the hospital,
has had its means curtoiled and its usefulness limi
ted." Although the Act contained the words of per
petuity, the Legislature took away the exemption as
to a portion of the property of the hospital a number
of years afterwards, and the Act which did this was
fully sustained. As noticed too by the eminent Judge
Cooley, in reviewing and endorsing this decision,
"although the purpose of the Act was not distinctly
declared to be to induce the corporation to expend
moneys in the way of improvements, yet it is evident
that such expenditure w
Tas not only within the con
templation of the Legislature, but it was also expected
that the public would in the future receive a benefit
from the improvements, as it had from the buildings
which had gone to decay. The purpose of the Act
was therefore to encoiirage an expenditure for a pub
lic purpose."
The same Court, in Bailey vs. Maguire, (22 Wallace)
says: "If, on any fair construction of the legislation,
there is a reasonable doubt made out, this doubt must
be solved in favor of the State. In other words, the
language used must be of such a character as, fairly
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 101
interpreted, leaves no room for controversy. The
present claim is of perpetual exemption from County
and municipal taxation, quite as essential to the
wants of the people as taxation for State pur
poses." In this case a claim of exemption from
County and municipal taxation was made by a rail
road corporation because, in the Act amending its
charter, provision was made for ascertaining the taxes
due by the corporation to the State, and the Act w
Tas
silent as to municipal and County taxation, but the
Court held that no exemption would be presumed
from this, and in the emphatic language just quoted.
In the case of Tucker vs. Ferguson, in the same vol
ume, the same Court says: "Liability to taxation is
an incident to all real estate. Exemption is an excep
tion. When claimed, to be effectual, it must be clearly
made out." It holds that an Act undertaking to ex
empt without any consideration, would be a mere
gratuity, and subject to repeal by any future Legisla
ture. "That the taxing power is vital to the func
tions of government. It helps to sustain the social
compact and to give it efficacy. It is intended to pro
mote the general welfare. It reaches the interest of
every member of the community. It may be restrained
by contract in special cases for the public good, where
such contracts are not forbidden, but the contract
must be shown to exist. There is no presumption in
its favor. Every reasonable doubt should be resolved
against it. Where it exists it is to be rigidly scruti
nized, and never permitted to extend, either in scope
or duration, beyond what the terms of the concession
clearly require. It is in derogation of public right,
and narrows a trust created for the good of all."
The case of Welch vs. Cook, reported in 97 IT. S., is
a very strong case on the same line. It appears, by
reference to the facts, that on the 26th of June, 1873,
the Legislative Assembly of the District of Columbia
enacted that "all property, real and personal, which
102 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
may hereafter be actually employed within the limits
of the District of Columbia for manufacturing pur
poses, shall be exempt from all general taxes for a
period of ten years from the date of this Act going
ing into effect, provided that the value of the prop
erty so employed for manufacturing purposes shall
not be less than $5,000," and the next year the same
Assembly passed a law- taxing all real estate in the
District, except that belonging to the United States
and to the District of Columbia, and that used for
educational and charitable purposes. Under the lat
ter Act the Commissioners of the District assessed
for taxes, for the year ending June, 1875, certain real
property belonging to one Welch, within the District,
which was employed for manufacturing purposes and
was of the value of $5,000. In his bill of complaint,
Welch alleged that on the faith of the above Act of
Assembly he expended large sums of money in imimproving his property ; that in pursuance of the Act
the Commissioners exempted it from taxes for the
year ending June, 1874, but were about to sell it for
the taxes of 1875, and that these proceedings cast a
cloud over his title. He prayed for a perpetual in
junction to restrain the collection of these taxes. To
this complaint the tax officers filed a demurrer, which
admitted the correctness of the allegations stated in
the complaint, and this demurrer was sustained by
the Courts and his complaint dismissed. The Supreme
Court held that this Act did not constitute an irre
pealable contract, that it was a mere bounty, and con
cludes its decision with this strong language : ''Nor
are we able to see that this action involves a breach of
faith towards the owner of the manufacturing prop
erty. Conceding, as the plaintiff must and does, that
the exemption of his property was of the bounty of
the Legislature, he knew wdien he accepted it
that it was liable to be revoked whenever either the
local Legislature or Congress should be of the opinion
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 103
that the public interest demanded such action.
He could not but realize that an assessment of three
per cent, upon the value of the property in Washing
ton, or two and a half per cent, upon that in George
town, created a heavy burden. Others felt it as he
did, and it is reasonable to suppose that Congress con
sidered it a duty to lighten the burden of taxation, by
increasing the subjects of it, as far as justice required."
Numerous decisions might be cited to sustain this
well established rule of construction. A number will
be found collected in the case of the Vicksburg, &c.,
Railroad Company vs. Dennis: 116 U. S., 668. Judge
Cooley in his work on Taxation, pages 52 et seq., and
on pages 145 et seq., refers to a large number of au
thorities, and they are all to the same general effect,
and he correctly says, that "the general rule is that
one legislative body cannot, by its own action, narrow
the scope of the legislative power, but with the same
amplitude that it comes to one body it muct pass to
the successor. Pledges therefore or stipulations of
one Legislature regarding the future levy of taxes,
although they may, under some circumstances, charge
the conscience of the members or their successors, are
not limitations on legislative power, but may be ob
served or disregarded as it shall be thought the public
necessity or policy may require. An exception, how
ever, is held to exist in case of an agreement by a
State, entered into for a consideration, to refrain from
exercising this power; that provision of the federal
constitution which forbids the State passing laws
which impair the obligation of contracts, applying as
well to contracts by the State itself as to those between
individuals."
At the risk of seeming to be prolix, I venture to call
attention, in this connection, to the decision of the Su
preme Court of Michigan, delivered by the same emi
nent jurist and author, in the case of the East Saginaw
Manufacturing Company vs. the City of East Saginaw,
104 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
and to be found in 2 Amr. reports, where a manufac
turer claimed the benefit of what appeared to be a
bounty law for the encouragement of manufacturing,
where the Legislature undertook to take away the ex
emption before the expiration of the time mentioned
in the former Act, and where the decision was in favor
of the city and against the manufacturing company.
Judge Cooley says: "If a State Legislature possesses
the power to implant the seeds of dissolution in the
body politic, by granting awTay the right of taxation
by way of bounties, we are not to be astute in discov
ering an intent to do so in the general language em
ployed in what appears to be an ordinary act of legis
lation." After endorsing the language of the Su
preme Court of the United States in the case of Oilman
vs. the City of Sheboygan to the effect that "the fact
of exemption should not be assumed unless the lan
guage used be too clear to admit of doubt." Judge
Cpoley continues : "such a rule of construction is emi
nently wise and reasonable, and if a different rule pre
vailed, and every careless and every corrupt act of
legislation, which scheming individuals or powerful
interests might secure in their own favor, were to be
instantaneously clothed with the attributes of con
tracts of an irrepealable character, by virtue of the
constitution of the United States, and thus acquire the
force and permanence which the Parliament of Eng
land, with all its boasted omnipotence, could never
give to its acts ; and if the courts, whether it accorded
with their sense of right and justice or not, were then
compelled to encourage such legislation by enforcing
it, in defiance of the law-making power itself, in favor
of those who had been artful enough to secure it, the
question might be presented in the most serious and
forcible aspect to the American people, whether the
clause of their national constitution inhibiting the
violation of the obligation of contracts was not, as ex
pounded or enforced, productive of more evil, injus-
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 105
tice and corruption, than could reasonably be antici
pated from leaving the Legislatures of the States as
much untrammeled in this particular as are the legistive bodies of free states generally."
From the foregoing it will be seen how strict the
law is in preserving the right of taxation, and how
carefully the courts guard against the power ' 'to im
plant the seeds of dissolution in the body politic" by
granting it away; that before it can be said that a
valid, irrepealable, contract exists, it must appear, be
yond any fair or reasonable doubt, that such a con
tract was made, and .for a sufficient consideration;
that a mere promise, a mere gratuitous promise or as
surance contained in an Act or an ordinance will not,
of itself, constitute such a contract, and that every
presumption is made against such a claim, the courts,
even in the plainest cases, yielding a most reluctant
sanction. The cases referred to have been generally
those in which the claim of contract was predicated
upon some Act of a Legislature, or ordinance of a city.
But, in the case of the lots now being considered, as
before noticed, I have not been able to find any Act of
the Legislature or ordinance of the city which says a
word as to their exemption from taxation. I have ex
amined the old ordinance books, the old minutes of
Council, and all other accessible sources of informa
tion, and I can find no expression in any providing
for an exemption. I have not been able to find any
thing in the minutes of Council on the subject. But
the fact that the old books of minutes are, unfortu
nately, not indexed has made an exhaustive examina
tion of them impracticable. If such expressions
should be found in an ordinance, or in the minutes,
they would, of course, have to be construed in the
light of the principles hereinbefore noticed.
After all, however, the most natural, direct and
reasonable source of information on the subject now
discussed, is the deed itself. On the question as to
106 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
whether a contract has been made, this, in the nature
of the case, ought to be the most potential piece of
evidence. What do these so-called ground rent deeds
say? I have examined the form as used for many
years, and I find not a word in them as to any exemp
tion from taxation. It is true that these deeds call
the small interest paid on the part of the purchase
money retained "ground rent," and an ingenious
mind might find in this the suggestion that the city
did not contemplate, did not intend to tax the lots.
But how these words can constitute a complete and
a valid contract, can do so with the clearness and cer
tainty required by the authorities, I fail to under
stand. I do, however, find words in these deeds,
these contracts, which support materially the propo
sition that these deeds contemplated the taxation of
the lots. In their latter part it is distinctly provided
that the grantees under them shall be subject to "such
assessments and burthens as shall be in common with
other lot holders in said city." This language is very
significant, particularly when it is considered that
when it was first used and incorporated in the form
there w
Tas no law which authorized the city of Savan
nah, in terms, to "tax" anybody. A careful exami
nation of the Acts appertaining to the city of Savanhah shows that, not until the passage of the Act of
December 24th, 1825, w
Tas the word tax or taxation
used in connection with the powers of the city. Pre
vious to that time the enabling Act, that of February
10th, 1787, gave the power "to make, lay, and assess
one or more rate or rates, assessment or assessments,
upon all and every person or persons who do or shall
inhabit, hold, use, or occupy, possess or enjoy, any
lot, ground, house or place, building, tenement or
hereditament in any square, street, or place within
the limits of the town of Savannah," &c. When,
therefore, the word '' assessments'' was used in these
deeds it must have meant taxation. If it did not mean
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 107
that, it was meaningless. Independently of the argu
ment deducible from the special facts mentioned the
words here used in the deed would include taxation.
(See Frederick et al. vs. City Council of Augusta, 5
Ga., 561; Cooley on Taxation, p. 147).
The mere fact that the city has never taxed the
property, does not exempt it. This result does not
ordinarily, follow even where property is exempt un
der a statute which provides for a perpetual exemp
tion. It would be competent evidence upon the ques
tion as to whether a valid and irrepealable contract
existed, but, of itself and by itself, this fact would
not be in anywise controlling. As said by the Supreme
Court of the United States in Vicksburg Railroad
Company vs. Dennis, already noticed, in which the
claim of exemption was denied, "the omission of the
taxing officers of the State in previous years to assess
this property, can not control the duty imposed by law
upon their successors, or the power of the Legislature,
or the legal construction of the statute under which
the exemption is claimed." Just as, on the other
hand, it has been held in a Connecticut case that the
payment of taxes for many years, in the case referred
to for twenty years, did not prevent the owner of the
property from claiming an exemption where the prop
erty was really exempt. The public is never barred
of the sovereign and vital power of taxation by a
mere failure to assert it, no matter how long continued
such failure may be. Nor can custom or a usage make
a contract where there is none, or prevent the effect of
the settled -rules of law; particularly can it not be
considered if it be inconsistent with the writing.
(100 U. S., 692; 103 U. S., 162).
To prevent any misunderstanding of my view, I
add that, if it could be clearly shown that the city in
an authoritative and positive way agreed, or guaran
teed, before a lot was sold that it would not tax the
lot, and, a purchaser upon the faith of such an agree-
108 MAY'OR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
ment and induced by it, had purchased the lot, then
it would not be in the power of the city to tax the lot,
unless the purchaser, subsequently, entered into a
contract with the city under which he waived that
right of exemption and agreed that the property
should be taxed. A contract made, or a guarantee or
assurance in the nature of a contract acted upon and
accepted prior to the constitution of 1877, could not be
set aside except by the parties to it. I do not think
that the statement of a city marshal in selling the
property, embodying the current opinion that the
property was not taxable, would of itself constitute
such a contract, or be in any wise tantamount to one.
The impression has prevailed in the community that
these lots would not be taxed, and doubtless this
statement has been made by many sellers in order to
induce purchases. It may have been made in some
instances by the City Marshal. I do not think, how
ever, that the City Marshal, of himself and by him
self, could make a contract for the city exempting
property from taxation perpetually even if he had
really intended to do so, and had undertaken to enter
into such a contract formally. Council might before
the present constitution do it and could authorize him
to do it. But I have found no evidence of this char
acter. It may be that some exists which has escaped
me, but very diligent search and inquiry have failed
to elicit it. Even if such assurance had been held
out by the Marshal and by members of Council, an
assurance intended to be an agreement, and not a
mere expression of a current opinion, the question
would still remain, what is the effect of the deed sub
sequently entered into between the parties * Suppose
a purchaser had been fortified with such an assurance,
an assurance authorized, could he not waive the right
accruing therefrom by becoming a party to this deed
subsequently made, a deed in which he, in effect,
agrees that his lot shall be taxed ?
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 109
As before noticed, however, .1 do not find any law, or
dinance, resolution or official action of any character
which promises in any way, or intimates, that the
property will not be taxed. When I look at the con
tract itself, I not only do not find anything of the kind
there, but an agreement to the contrary. In a case
already noticed Chief Justice Marshall said, "we must
look for the exemption in the language of the instru
ment, and if we do not find it there it would be going
very far to insert it by construction." In this case,
the instrument is not merely silent on this important
question, but in its terms is against the exemption.
I conclude, then, by saying that I have found
neither law nor contract that exempts these lots from
muniejipal taxation. I have learned only that, in
point of fact, they have never heretofore been taxed ;
that the impression has prevailed that they were not
taxable, although this impression has been by no
means universal, and I have learned that the Marshal,
on one or more occasions, in selling these lots, has
said they were not taxable. But these facts do not
make either law or contract, particularly to the de
struction of the sovereign right of taxation over a
large and valuable portion of the city.
I have experienced great trouble and a good deal of
anxious thought in arriving at this conclusion, because
the property has been, in fact, free from the burdens
of taxation for many years, some of it from a time
anterior to the birth of this century, much of it from
the early part of this century. It has been bought
often under the impression that it would never be
taxed, and many good citizens seem to believe that it
is contrary to good faith now to tax it. On the sub
ject of good faith, I find considerable divergence of
opinion. With the question of good faith specifically,
I have had nothing to do, except in so far as it may
have become an element of contract. I repeat, how
ever, that no contract appears. I therefore think that
110 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
these lots are taxable. If they are, you have no choice
in the matter. Under the constitution of the State, it
is your duty to tax all taxable property. Nothing can
excuse the performance of this duty, except the con
viction that the property is not taxable.
Very truly yours,
SAMUEL B. ADAMS,
Corporation Attorney.
NOTE.Since the filing of the foregoing opinion,
our Supreme Court has decided/in the case of the Au
gusta Factory vs. the City Council of Augusta, that a
municipal corporation has never had in Georgia the
capacity to make a contract exempting property from
taxation, without express legislative authorization.
My inference from several decisions, particularly that
of the Athens Water-works Company vs. the Mayor,
etc., of Athens, 75 Ga. 413, was that such a contract
might have been made prior to the present constitu
tion, but my opinion was and is that no contract of
exemption was shown, and that the only contract as
to taxation found (that contained in the deeds) pro
vided for taxation. The Augusta case strengthens
the correctness of the general conclusion reached by
me, but was not noticed by the reason indicated.
My attention has been recently, for the first time,
called to a tax ordinance, passed in 1857, which ex
empted these lots from taxation. Such an ordinance,
if originally valid, has not been of force for many
years, certainly not since the adoption, in 1877, of the
present constitution. While it does not, in my opin
ion, indicate that these lots are not now taxable, yet it
seems proper to mention it in this note.
Learning that my report is to be published, I have
deemed it proper to add this much.
SAMUEL B. ADAMS,
City Attorney.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. Ill
REPORT OF CHIEF OF POLICE.
OFFICE CHIEF OF POLICE,
SAVANNAH, January 1, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor:
SIRI have the honor to submit herewith my annual
report of the Police Department for the year ending
December 31st, 1889.
The aggregate strength of the Department is fiftyseven (57), as follows:
Chief 1
Assistant Chief 0
Sergeants 4
Privates 52
Total 57
The above does not include the Ocean Steamship
Company's police force, consisting of
Sergeants 3
Privates 18
Total 21
For city 57
For Ocean Steamship Company 21
Total 78
During the year 2,705 arrests were made, being 548
more than the previous year. Of this number 941
were white and 1,764 were colored.
112 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The following are the crimes and misdemeanors for
which the arrests were made :
x:
O
o
H
Arson
Assault and Battery
Assault with Intent to Murder. . . .
Burglary ....
Carrying Concealed Weapons. . . .
Contempt of Court
Disorderly Conduct
Drunkenness
Disorderly Driving
Fighting
Gambling
Insanity
Interfering with Officers
Larceny
Licentious Conduct
Lost Children
Murder
Resisting Officers
Safe Keeping
Vagrants and Suspicious Characters .
Violating City Ordinance
60
15
2
7
1
126
347
5
82
3
5
29
2
3
1
27
28
58
140
145
44
3
34
7
461
162
24
177
54
9
32
203
9
2
29
28
139
201
1
205
59
5
41
8
587
509
29
259
54
12
37
232
11
5
1
56
56
197
34i
Total , 941 1764 2705
Number of LodgersWhite, 595; Colored, 112 ;
total 707
Number of Animals Impounded 192
Number of Stores and Dwellings found open 87
Number of Fires. 77
During the year twenty-one (21) privates were de
tailed as sanitary inspectors, who performed their
duty in a satisfactory manner.
CASUALTIES AND CHANGES.
RESIGNED.
Private Anglin, T., October 2, 1889.
Private Lightbody, F., September 29, 1889.
Private Love, S., June 4, 1889.
Private Mallette, L. E., March 24, 1889.
Private Rogers, J. P., February 14, 1889.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 113
DISMISSED.
Private Ellarbee, A. B., November 20, 1889.
Private Henely, M., October 25, 1889.
Private McPritchard, S., August 1, 1889.
Private Mikell, J. W., August 23, 1889.
Private Neidlinger, C. S., August 27, 1889.
Private Roach, J. R., April 5, 1889.
DIED.
Private Morgan, T., September 2, 1889.
Private Townsend, M., February 6, 1889.
Private Wall, E. J., April 29, 1889.
APPOINTED.
Private Basch, S., February 14, 1889.
Private Crimmins, J., February 16, 1889.
Private Ungar, B., April 1, 1889.'
Private Gaffney, F. D., April 9, 1889.
Private Roach, J. R., May 1, 1889.
Private Bossell, G. W., June 14, 1889.
Private.Davis, S. M., August 2, 1889.
Private Pacetti, E. V., August 24, 1889.
Private Ellarbee, A. B., August 28, 1889.
Private Neidlinger, C. S.. September 24, 1889.
Private Rahilly, P., November 15, 1889.
Private Reilly, J. D., November 15, 1889.
INVENTORY OF CITY PROPERTY AT POLICE BARRACKS.
42 Springfield Rifles, cal. 45.
19 Smith & Wesson Pistols, cal. 45.
43 Smith & Wesson Pistols, cal. 38.
84 Colt's Pistols.
62 Pistol Holsters.
42 Bayonets and Scabbards.
1000 Rounds of Rifle Ammunition.
1000 Rounds of Pistol Ammunition.
61 Waist Belts.
120 Clubs.
61 Whistles.
114 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
71 Rattles.
61 Fire Keys.
15 Saddle Horses.
1 Wagon Horse.
17 Halters.
50 Spittoons.
3 Water Coolers.
12 Brooms.
6 Buckets.
16 Bridles and Bits.
16 McClellan Saddles.
16 Saddle Cloths.
16 Pairs of Spurs.
16 Pairs of Spur Straps.
1 Wagon.
1 Ambulance.
1 Harness.
3 Curry Combs.
3 Brushes.
1 Rake.
1 Shovel.
60 Iron Bedsteads.
60 Mattresses.
60 Pillows.
60 Bed Spreads.
12 Scrubbing Brushes.
10 Chairs.
1 Hat Rack.
12 Towels.
2 Wardrobes. '
6 Tables.
7 Desks.
6 Tin Plates.
36 Blankets.
1 Clock.
5 Stoves.
2 Cups.
35 Sabres.
24 Sabre Belts.
Two horses condemned during the year, and but one
purchased by Chairman of Committee on Police, leav
ing the Department in need of one more.
I am, sir, very respectfully,
JOHN GREEN,
Chief of Police.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 115
REPORT OF CITY MARSHAL.
CITY MARSHAL'S OFFICE,
SAVANNAH, December 31, 1889.
Hon. John Schwarz, Mayor:
DEAR SIRI have the honor to transmit a statement
showing the transactions in my department of the city
government for the year 1889.
GROUND RENTS.
All lots reported to this office by the City Treasurer
for arrears of ground rent have been re-entered as
required by ordinance.
SIDEWALKS.
Number of sidewalks repaired, 134.
I have collected during the year $42,106.22, as fol
lows :
Market stall rents $ 4,631 75
Market store rents 2,683 65
Real estate taxes 1881 187 50
Real estate taxes 1882 227 25
Real estate taxes 1883 229 50
Real estate taxes 1884 11 40
Real estate taxes 1885 218 43
Real estate taxes 1886 147 58
Real estate taxes 1887 1,337 94
Real estate taxes 1888 12,074 86
Specific taxes1887 60 35
Specific taxes1888 511 00
Specific taxes 1889 *... 7,701 50
Stock in trade1887 17 00
Stock in trade1888 316 92
116
Stock in trade1889 $ 15 56
Privy vaults 1886 20 80
Privy vaults 1887 35 40
Privy vaults 1888 109 55
Privy vaults 1889 532 82
Shipping 1888 150 00
Paving sidewalks 729 17
Repairing sidewalks 11 95
Asphalt pavement 9,349 09
Condemned horses 54 00
City Pound sales 20 25
Advertising 73 00
Fees 643 00
Fencing in Factors' Walk- (estate of J.
Waldburg) 5 00
Total $42,106 22
I have the honor to be,
Your obedient servant,
ROBT. J. WADE,
City Marshal.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 117
REPORT OF CITY SURVEYOR.
CITY SURVEYOR'S OFFICE, '
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1. 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor:
SIRI have the honor to submit the following re
port of work done, in the departments mentioned be
low, during the fiscal year ending December 31, 1889.
Streets and Lanes and Parks and SquaresAlder
man Harmon, Chairman.
Dry CultureAlderman Falligant, Chairman.
Public BuildingsAlderman Cann, Chairman.
Harbor and WharvesAlderman Haines, Chair
man.
PARKS AND SQUARES.
The keeper of Forsyth Place, and a force of eight
men, have been employed in this department during
the year.
The walk east of the Park on Drayton street, and
west of the Park on Whitaker Street, from Gaston to
Hall streets, have been laid with oyster shells and gas
house lime.
Columbia Square has been graded, and three walks
of gas house lime, and one of a preparation of coal
tar and lime, laid through it.
Franklin Square has been graded, and four walks
of oyster shells, covered with a preparation of coal
tar and lime, laid through the said square.
Green Square has been graded and sodded, and four
walks of oyster shells, with a surface coat of coal tar
and lime, laid through same.
118 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Washington Square has been graded, and four walks
of oyster shells, with a top surface of "gas house
lime," laid through same.
Through Oglethorpe Square, two walks of oyster
shells, with a top surface of '' gas house lime,'' have
been laid.
A walk of oyster shells, with a top surface of "gas
house lime,'' extending from Whitaker to East Broad
streets, on the north side of Bay street, has been laid ;
also one along the retaining wall from Lincoln to Price
streets.
In Madison and Johnson Squares, and in Telfair
Place, 2-inch galvanized water pipe has been laid for
the purpose of watering the grass and trees.
Chippewa, Johnson, and Wright Squares have been
graded, and top-dressed with fertilizers.
The wooden railings around Madison Square and
Telfair Place have been removed, and a granite curb
ing substituted in their places. These squares have
been graded, fertilized and spaded, and oats and grass
seed sown in them.
Monterey Square has been graded, fertilized and
spaded, and sown with grass and oats.
The railings around all the squares have been re
paired, the walks kept clean, and, during the summer
months, the grass mown, (two mowing machines hav
ing been purchased for this purpose).
In Forsyth Place, twenty new settee benches have
been placed, the walks have been repaired, and, dur
ing the summer months, the grass mown.
In the Park Extension the railings have been
repaired, the low places filled, and the grass and weeds
mown.
STREETS AND LANES.
In this department, the following force have been
employed:
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 119
Superintendent t 1
Foreman 1
Stableman . .. 1
Cleaning catch basins . . 4
Cleaning crossings 2
Pavers 8
Laborers 35
Bricklayers 1
Boys 1
Teamsters 15
Total 69
The condition of West Boundary street sewer and
the Barnard street sewer, necessitated the employing
of an an extra force (90 men). The work of cleaning
out these sewers was commenced March 25th, and
completed May 24th, and this extra force was then
discharged.
LIVE STOCK AND VEHICLES.
Mules 13
Horses 4
Total 17
Dump carts (single-horse) 16
Watering carts 3
Buggies 2
Total. 21
PIPE SEWERS.
Two hundred and twenty-four lineal feet of 24-inch
pipe sewer has been laid on Bull street, between Har
ris and Liberty streets, and 382 feet of 15-inch pipe
sewer laid on Charlton street, between Jefferson and
Barnard streets.
Four hundred and fifty lineal feet of 12-inch pipe
sewer has been laid on York street from Jefferson to
Barnard, thence south on Barnard to York street lane.
120 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Two hundred and twenty lineal feet of 10-inch pipe
sewer have been laid from the catch basin on the
south side of Johnson Square north easterly through
said square to St. Julian street. The flooding (after
heavy rains) at the intersection of Bull and Congress
streets necessitated the construction of this sewer to
relieve the Bull street sewer, which was overtaxed.
Three hundred and sixty lineal feet of 10-inch sewer
pipe laid to connect twenty-three new catch basins
built.
There have been breaks in sewers at the folowing
named places, all of which have been repaired, viz :
Perry lane near Wheaton street.
Drayton and South Broad lane.
Whitaker and River streets.
Bull street and Bay lane.
Perry lane and Reynolds street.
Broughton lane west of Whitaker street.
Screven sewer near New street.
Duffy near Abercorn street.
York lane and Jefferson street.
Barnard street sewer at Perry lane.
York lane near Whitaker street.
Broughton lane near Whitaker street.
Duffy near Drayton street.
Whitaker at Congress lane.
River street and West Broad street.
Gordon lane and Abercorn street.
Sims street west of West Boundary street.
Gwinnett lane near Barnard street.
Perry lane and East Boundary street.
Fifteen lineal feet of 15-inch pipe sewer replaced on
Walker street.
Five hundred lineal feet of 4-inch drain tile has
been laid on the slope of the hill east of Randolph
street near the gas house, effectually intercepting the
springs and thoroughly draining the hill.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 121
On West Boundary street, near the Central Rail
road, 500 lineal feet of 3-inch drain tile has been laid
with considerable benefit.
CATCH BASINS.
The following new catch basins have been built:
Corner West Broad and Duffy streets 2
Corner Randolph and Perry lane 2
Corner York and Barnard streets 3
Corner York lane and Barnard streets 2
Corner Charlton and Jefferson streets ..... 2
Corner Jones and West Boundary streets.. 1
Corner East Broad and Waldburg streets.. 1
Corner Montgomery and Duffy streets 1
Corner Harris and East Broad streets 1
Corner Abercorn and New Houston streets. 1
Corner Cemetery and Waldburg streets.... 1
Corner West Broad and River streets 1
Corner River west of Bull street 1
Corner Abercorn and River streets 1
Corner River east of Abercorn street 1 '
Corner River east of Habersham street .... 1
Corner River east of Price street 1
Total 23
Seven of these catch basins are covered with heavy
iron gratings. The necessary change of the grade of
River street, caused by the extension of the tracks of
the Central Railroad, required the construction of six
of the above catch basins, which have been paid for
by the Central Railroad Company.
In order to prevent the sand (which finds its way
through intersecting sewers) from again obstructing
the West Boundary street sewer seven (7) large catch
basins, or sand traps, have been built four (4) feet be
low the bottom of these branch sewers, at their inter-
122 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT
section with the West Boundary street sewer, at the
following places:
Railroad street ... .t... 1
New street 1
William street 1
Margaret street 1
Pine street 1
Bryan street 1
Mill street 1
On Jefferson street 24 catch basins have been moved,
to conform to the new curb line.
PAVEMENTS.
The paving of Broughton street with asphalt (sheet),
from the west side of Abercorn to the west side of
East Broad street, by the National Vulcanite Paving
Company, was not completed until January 1st, 1889,
consequently did not appear in my report for 1888.
The number of square yards which they paved on this
street, including the intersections, is 6,962.
The paving of Liberty street, from the east side of
West Broad to the west side of Wheaton street, by
the same company, and with the same material, was
commenced January 1st, 1889, and completed April
6th, 1889. The number of square yards paved, includ
ing streets and intersections, being 30,430.
The retaining curb (1,276 lineal feet) and the cobble
stone approaches (1,200 square yards) was laid by the
city hands, who also graded and laid the sidewalks at
street corners on Liberty street, from West Broad to
Wheaton street.
GRANITE BLOCKS.
On Jefferson street, from the south side of Brough
ton street, to the south side of Charlton street, 3,520
lineal feet, of 4x16-inch granite curbing, has been laid
and a roadway 25 feet wide paved with granite blocks,
and the approaches at street intersections laid with
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 123
cobble stones. Number of square yards granite pave
ment, 7,011. Number square yards cobble stone pave
ment, 615.
COBBLE STONE.
Cobble stone pavements have been laid at the fol
lowing places:
Bay lane, between Bull and Drayton 184 sq. yds.
Broughton, between Bull and Drayton. . .422 " "
Broughton, bet. Whitaker and Barnard. .738 " "
RELAYING AND REPAIRING.
The pavements on the streets named below, have
been repaired and relaid, and the following amounts
of work done on them:
Bay street, from Farm street to Lamar's
Creek 2,877 sq. yds.
East Broad street, from Bay to South
Broad street 2,388 " "
West Broad street 277 " "
Bryan street, from Whitaker to Bar
nard street 1,225 "
Drayton street 1,877 "
Randolph street, from Liberty to Pres
ident street 3,498 " "
(The C. and S. and Belt Line R. R.
Co.'s paying for that portion between
their tracks.)
Whitaker street...: 1,491 " "
Wheaton Street 252 " "
River street, from the west side of West Broad
street to the foot of Houston street, and the slips lead
ing from Bay street to River street, have been relaid.
Total number square yards, 12,893.
This work on River street, although done by the
city forces, has been paid for by the Central R. R. Co.
a
I
124 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The laying of their track in this street necessitating
various changes.
Previous to this work paid for by the C. R. R. Co.
418 square yards had been relaid.
There have been laid in various portions of the city
1,181 square yards of gutters.
CROSSSNGS.
In different portions of the city 282 new crossings
have been placed. Of this number
28 were laid with flag-stone footways,
containing 1,041 sq. yds.
58 with granite block footways, con
taining 2,206" "
162 with cobble stone footways, con
taining 4,657 " "
34 with plank footways 1,688 " "
RECAPITULATION.
New asphalt pavement laid 37,392 sq. yds.
New granite block pavement laid 7,011 " "
New cobble stone pavement laid 4,340 " "
New crossings 9,592
Repairs 27,196
a
Total 85,531 " "
Total number lineal feet pipe sewer laid 1,636
Total number lineal feet drain tile laid 1,000
Total number lineal feet granite curbing laid.. . .6,267
Catch basins built 23
Catch basins moved 24
The following streets have been surfaced with
gravel:
Bull, from Bay to Bryan streets.
Barnard, from Bay to Bryan streets.
Bryan, from Barnard to Jefferson streets.
Jefferson, from Broughton to Congress streets.
Bay lane, from Barnard to Jefferson streets.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 125
The following have been graded and surfaced with
brick bats :
Railroad, from West Broad to West Boundary
streets.
Jones, between Purse and West Boundary streets.
Bryan, west of Farm street.
Zubly, between Ann and Farm streets.
Pine, west of Farm street.
Lumber, between Pine and New streets.
West Boundary, between Railroad and Jones
streets.
Harrison, between Ann and Farm streets.
New street from Farm to West Boundary street.
Montgomery, between Broughton and Congress
streets.
Abercorn, between Bay and Bryan streets.
Jackson, between Reynolds and Randolph streets.
President, between Arnold and Randolph streets.
South Broad, between Reynolds and Randolph
streets.
Cleburne, between Arnold and Randolph streets.
McDonough, between Drayton and Floyd streets.
Barnard, between Broughton and State streets.
Barnard, between York and South Broad streets.
York, between Barnard and Whitaker streets.
And the following streets have been graded and
filled:
Montgomery, between Broughton and State streets.
Hull, between Jefferson and Montgomery streets.
President, between Barnard and Montgomery streets.
York, between Barnard and Montgomery streets.
McDonough, between Jefferson and Montgomery
streets.
State, between Jefferson and Montgomery streets.
Duffy, between Cuyler and West Broad streets.
East Broad, between Bolton and Waldburg streets.
East Broad, between Anderson and Henry streets.
Anderson, between Price and East Broad streets.
126 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
Broughton, between East Broad and Reynolds
streets.
East Boundary, between Broughton and Wheaton
streets.
Reynolds, between Broughton and Wheaton streets.
Arnold, between Broughton and Wheaton streets.
President, between East Broad and Reynolds streets.
Bull street has been shelled from Anderson to Sec
ond street.
The accumulation of ashes, cinders and other debris
in the lanes make it requisite that they shall be thor
oughly graded at least twice a year, which has been
done.
The growth of grass and the collection of sand in
the water-ways of the streets, require that a portion of
the street force be continuously employed keeping
them open and unobstructed.
In order to keep the asphalt pavements clean, six
men and two teams have been continuously employed
on them, and in addition to this force the Health and
Cemetery Department have at work one driver with
sweeping machine.
PLANK ROADS.
The plank road on St. Julian street, between Ran
dolph street and Bilbo Canal, has been frequently re
paired during the year, and is a source of continuous
expense to the city, and I again recommend that it be
paved with stone.
Two hundred and seventy-one wooden bridges over
the gutters and water-ways have been put down, as
follows :
January 21
February 30
March 40
April. 16
May 22
June ". 31
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 127
July 4
August 3
September 39
October 47 ' November 11
December 7
Total 271
The bridge across the Ogeechee Canal, at the foot of
Railroad street, which was being repaired at the date
of my last report, has been completed and is now in
good order, and the bridge across Bilbo Canal, on
Gwinnett street, has been repaired.
BAY STREET EXTENSION.
In accordance with the terms of their agreement, the
Ocean Steamship Company of Savannah have graded
that portion of the Bay street extension which lies
within the bounds of their Vale Royal property.
Proposals have been "advertised for" to construct
the necessary fencing through that portion within the
Exley lands.
The retaining walls along the bluff, between East
and West Broad streets, have been repaired, and as
has the steps leading from the strand.
A railing has been placed at the corner of West
Broad and River streets, and the wall repaired.
New railings have been placed on the south side of
Broughton street, between Arnold and Randolph
streets, and on the west side of Randolph, from
Broughton to President streets, and on Reynolds
street, in rear of the Mutual Gas Co.'s works.
The railing on the north side of Bay, between Bar
nard" and East Broad streets, has been repaired.
A new railing has been put to the steps leading from
the alley at the foot of Abercorn street.
A new railing placed on the west side of Drayton
street and north of the Bay.
A wooden trunk, 82 feet long, has been placed
across Bull street on Gaston street.
128 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
A trunk, 40 feet long, has been placed through the
Tyler Cotton Press wharf, and one 45 feet long
through the wharf west of Bull street.
160 trees have been planted in the squares, in Bay
street, South Broad street, Liberty street, and in the
Park Extension.
The grass plats in Liberty street have been fertil
ized, spaded and planted in grass and oats, and in the
central plats several varieties of vines.
100 cedar trees have been planted in Forsyth Place.
The removal of dead trees was b'egun in September,
and is still in progress. 102 boxes (covered with wire
instead of slats) have been placed around the trees.
STONE BALLAST.
234 tons of cobble stone have been purchased during
the past year.
SIDEWALKS.
A few sidewalks in Currytown and Bartow wards,
have been . graded by the city hands, the property
owners not complying with the ordinance bearing the
expense.
WELLS.
One hundred and twenty-six wells, each averaging
three cubic yards to the well have been filled.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
The dwelling at the northeast corner of Abercorn
street and Perry lane has been repaired and painted.
A new fence has been built around the Powder Maga
zine lot, and some repairs done on the building.
MARKET.
From the centre of the market basement to the north
side of Bay street, a distance of 440 feet, a 24-inch
pipe sewer has been laid, which connects at the re
taining wall north of Bay street with a brick sewer
emptying into the river. 205 lineal feet of 15-inch
sewer pipe has been relaid from the centre of the Mar-
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 129
ket bastment to the east, west and south sides of the
building.
Eight connections were made from the vaults in the
basement.
Valves were placed in different portions of the
building for flushing purposes.
Five cess pools, with iron gratings, were built.
A portion of the plumbing has been repaired.
The floor of the "cold storage" vault has been raised
and gutters constructed for draining the drippings
from the ice chests.
The roof was painted, but still needs some repairs.
The connecting sewer between the Market sewTer and
Broughton street sewer has been closed.
HARBOR AND AVHARVES.
The wharf at foot of Drayton street has been re
paired and raised to the level of the street.
The platform at the foot of West Broad street has
been repaired and the sand trap cleaned.
The platform and the wall at wharf foot of Bull
street have been repaired.
The wharf on lot No. 3, east of Lincoln street, bid
in by the city for taxes, has been rebuilt. It has since
been redeemed by its owners.
QUARANTINE.
At the new Quarantine station, a small wharf has
been built, upon which has been placed the engine for
hoisting ballast, and an engine house and quarters for
the men have been constructed.
A footway has been built connecting all the wharves.
DRY CULTURE.
Two forces, consisting each of a foreman and seven
men, have been continuously employed on the ditches
and low lands around the city.
The increased amount of drainage caused by the
lease of the "Twickenham" plantation by the city,
130 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
necessitated, during the summer months, the augment
ing of that force working east of the city.
For the purpose of draining the low lands in the
vicinity of the Ogeechee road near Laurel Grove Cem
etery, 560 lineal feet of 8-inch sewer pipe has been laid
and connected with the brick sewer in Laurel Grove
Cemetery. In connection with this work five catch
basins were built.
From Cemetery street, near Waldburg street, 300
lineal feet of 15-inch pipe sewer has been laid. This
sewer, draining a pond in Cemetery street, connects
with an open ditch in Springfield plantation.
Eighteen feet of a 12-inch sewTer pipe has been laid
corner Anderson and East Broad streets, to drain the
low lands in the city extension.
Forty lineal feet of 12x15-inch wooden trunk has
been laid in Twelfth street, and 50 lineal feet in Tenth
street, and 1,150 lineal feet of ditch (of which 450 feet
were planked) has been dug.
The open ditches in the eastern, southern and west
ern portions of the city have been kept clean by re
peated workings, so also have the Bilbo canal, Perry
lane canal, Jones canal, Musgrove creek, Springfield
canal, Kirlin ditch, and the outlets of the Screven and
West Boundary street sewers, and the canal on Hutch
inson's Island.
Nine hundred lineal feet of the dam on Hutchinson's
Island, at Back river, has been repaired, and of this
five hundred lineal feet was raised two feet.
Three of the trunks on Hutchinson's Island have
been repaired.
The back dam of the Springfield plantation has been
repaired.
Two of the trunks in the Hogg sewer, and one in the
Screven sewer, have been repaired.
WILLIAM J. WINN,
City Surveyor.
MAY'OR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 131
REPORT OF CHIEF ENGINEER SAVANNAH
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER
SAVANNAH FIRE DEPARTMENT.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1st, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor City of Savannah:
DEAR SIR :I have the honor to submit the follow
ing report of the Savannah Fire Department, showing
the operations and actions for the fiscal year ending
December 31, 1889, together with the condition, pres
ent status and inventory of Department property.
On January 9th, 1889, William B. Puder was elected
Chief Engineer of this Department, and was sworn in
on January 16th, 1889.
NUMBER AND GRADE OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SERVICE
ON DECEMBER 31, 1889.
No. GRADE OF PERMANENT FORCE. -- '* PER ANNUM.
L
1 Chief Fireman $1,800 00
1 Superintendent of Fire Alarm Telegraph. 900 00
2 Foremen, at $720 each 1,440 00
4 Engineers, at $1,000 each 4,000 00
1 Tillerman of Truck 720 00
1 Driver of Engine 720 00
3 Drivers of Engines, at $600 each 1,800 00
6 Drivers of Hose Reels, at $600 each 3,600 00
1 Driver of Truck 600 00
2 Relief Drivers, at $600 each 1,200 00
5 Firemen, at $600 each 3,000 00
27 Permanent Force $19,780 00
132 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT,
CALL FORCE.
NO. GRADE OF CALL FORCE. pER ANNIjM,
1 Assistant Chief Fireman 450 00
2 Foremen, at $150 each 300 00
18 Firemen, at $100 each 1,800 00
21 Call Force 2,550 00
48 Total Force $23,330 00
An additional Volunteer Auxiliary Force, consist
ing of 2 Foremen and 25 Firemen, serve without com
pensation, as follows:
1 Foreman and 15 Firemen, with Hose Co. No. 1.
1 Foreman and 10 Firemen, with Hose Co. No. 2.
The following changes have been made in the Force
during the past year:
On February 1 st, 9 Call Men were relieved from ser
vice, and 3 Permanent Men w
Tere added to the Force.
Upon taking charge of the Department, I found Su
perintendent of Fire Alarm Telegraph, John Gay, un
able to perform the requirements of that office, owing
to injuries sustained in October of 1888, and it became
necessary to make a change, and I accordingly trans
ferred Mr. Gay to Station No. 3, from where he after
wards went to take charge of Hose Station No. 1 as
driver.
On March 1st, John Cullom, of Station No. 3, was
promoted to the office of Superintendent Fire Alarm
Telegraph.
Since January 1st, 2 permanent members were re
lieved from duty by his Honor, the Mayor. 3 resig
nations were presented.
Of the Call Force 13 resigned, 6 were transferred to
the Permanent Force, and 1 was discharged.
On August 1st, driver A. Toshach, of Station No. 3,
was promoted Forman of Station No. 4.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 133
CASUALTIES.
It is with profound regret that I am compelled to
report under this head, the death of two of our Per
manent Force.
Driver of Hose Reel No. 1, John F. Wiehrs, killed
by falling wall while on duty at fire on Broughton
street, on July 1st last.
Foreman of Station No. 3, Henry B. Goodson, re
ceived injuries by falling wall at the same time, which
resulted in his death twelve days after.
At the same fire driver of Reel No. 3, Ed. Pacetty,
of the Permanent Force, Julien Strobhert and Morris,
Lepinsky, firemen of the Call Force, were severely in
jured. The following citizens were injured: M. A.
Buttimer, John Ogren and F. Hart, while Patrick
May was instantly killed.
On July 9, at fire in store No. 2 and 2^ Williamson
street, call fireman F. O'Lynn was injured by a fall.
On July 19th, at fire on Second avenue, foreman
John Connolly, of Station No. 3, had a rib fractured
by a fall from ladder.
On October 10th, while doing duty at fire on Second
street and Whitaker, assistant chief fireman George
Mouro received a painful injury of the foot, caused by
running a nail into it.
On September 30th, while on duty at fire on South
Broad street, I had my foot severely cut by glass,
from which I have not yet fully recovered.
The expenses of this Department for the fiscal year
of 1889, as compared with those for 1888, show the
following increase and decrease:
134 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT,
FOR ORDINARY MAINTENANCE.
EXPENDED FOR. 1S89. Increase. Decrease
Pay Rolls for Permanent Force from
Dec. 1st to Nov. 30th, and for Call
Force from Oct. 1st to Sept. SOth,
inclusive
Rent of quarters for Engine No. 2 ..
Rent of Telephone
Harness and repairs of same
Repairs to apparatus, horse shoe
ing, etc
Waste, oil. tools, repairs to building
and incidentals
Lumber and sawdust
Blankets, bedding, etc
Gas
Medicine and treatment of horses...
Coal and wood
Printing and Stationery
Forage, corn, oats, etc
Material and repairs to Fire Alarm..
Uniforms, shirts and caps
Extra labor at fires
21,496 51 $ 22,975 38 $
420 00 420 00 j...
60 00 60 00 ...
417 911 202 00 ...
1,286 631
1,102
299
61
257
138
457
100
1,979
1,899
1,341
841 26
1,101 20
191 43
286 29
162 64
126 32
483 85
38 85
1,856 95
541 09
588 90
174 00
8 31,318 03 $ 30,050 16 8 1,267 87
1,478 87
225 27
26 50
174 00
215 91
445 37
1 42
108 39
94 62
12 18
"61 45
122 52
1,358 30
752 35
ADDITIONS, IMPROVEMENTS AND OTHER EXPENSES.
EXPENDED FOR. 1888. 1889. Increase. Decrease.
Balance on double piston La France
Engine $ 1,900 00
725 00
280 00
1,495 00
1,000 00
540 00
^ 463 00
8 1,900 00
2 Hose Reels 725 00
280 00
Horses, exchange, hire, etc $ 1,250 00
5,017 00
245 00
Hose $ 4,017 00
540 00
Paving streets and sidewalks
89 00
59 75
809 65
1
520 19:
50 00
880 45j
326 75j
463 00
Paid C. R. R. for 200 feet of hose
borrowed and lost 89 00
59 75
809 65
529 19
50 00
380 45
326 75
Expenses of Steam Heaters, includ
ing traveling expenses Chief FireMedical services and expenses of in
jured firemen
1 new Hose Reel and freight
Total. 6.403 00
31,318 03
8,511 79
30,050 16
2,108 79
""i;267'87
The following amounts turned over to the City
Treasurer are the proceeds of sales of old material, etc :
RECEIVED FROM. 1888. 1889.
Proceeds of sales of horses $ 60 00 $130 00
McDonough & Co., 208 lbs. old brass 20 80
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 135
Proceeds of sale of old hose, casks,
empty feed sacks, etc . . . $376 05
Received from Ogeechee Canal Co.
for 1 night's service of 1 engine and
2 men pumping out river lock 50 00
Amount passed on pay roll and not
paid, returned to City Treasurer 29 03
Total $ 60 00 $605 88
Deducting the sum realized from above sales from
the total expenses, there remains a balance of $37,956.07
expended during the year 1889, or an increase of only
$235.04 over that of 1888.
While there is shown an increase in the total ex
penses, the ordinary cost of maintenance has decreased
in the sum of $1,267.87, to this amount add the
amounts realized from sale of old material, and there
remains a balance decrease of $1,873.75 in the actual
cost of maintenance for 1889, despite the fact thao the
pay rolls have been increased for the past six months
at the rate of $160 per month for account of salaries of
killed and injured firemen.
The increase in the Pay Roll has been $2,337 22
Less the decrease in Call Force of .. 858 35
Showing a balance increase of $1,478 87
The increase in blankets, bedding, etc., is caused
by the purchase of new mattresses and renovating
old ones, new blankets, sheets, pillows, pillow slips,
spreads, etc., which were essentially necessary for the
health and comfort of the men.
The increase in cost of coal and wood is due to the
purchase of forty tons of coal, for supply, at a time
when the price was considerably lower than usual, of
which there remains in store about sixteen tons.
The increase in extra hands hired at fires, was for
services of persons employed to assist the Department
136 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
at the great fire of April 6th, and the A. J. Miller &
Co. and Cotton Compress fires.
The increase in cost of hose is due to the payment
of $2,000 for hose purchased in 1888, and $3,017 for
hose and rings purchased this year.
The decrease in the cost of uniforms,shirts and caps,
is due to the fact that the bill for the winter uniforms
of 1889 was not received in time to go into this year's
accounts.
The other items of increase and decrease explain
themselves.
CHANGES IN LOCATION OF APPARATUS, FEB. 1, 1889.
As station No. 3 (headquarters) answered all alarms,
and as the large Mogul engine stationed at that house
was so heavy, I deemed it advisable to change its loca
tion, and I accordingly had it placed at Station No. 1,
on Broughton street, near Houston.
In the latter part of September, I converted the
large supply wagon into a hose wagon, w
T
ith a view of
securing better and more satisfactory service in the
handling of the extra hose of the Department. This
wagon is now used as a hose wagon, is stationed at
headquarters, and already it has done valuable service
in that capacity.
LOCATION AND CONDITION OF APPARATUS.
Station No. 1North side of Broughton, second west
of Houston.
1 third size double pump LaFrance engine, three
years old, in good condition.
1 two-wheeled one-horse hose reel in fair condition.
Station No. 2South side of Congress, between Jef
ferson and Montgomery streets.
1 second size single pump Amoskeag engine,
twenty-seven years old, rebuilt five years since
by LaFrance Engine Company, in good con
dition.
1 two-weeeled one-horse hose reel in fair condition.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 137
Station No. 3Headquarters, corner South Broad and
Abercorn Streets.
] fifth-size LaFrance single pump engine, pur
chased this year, in prime condition.
1 four wheeled two-horse hose reel, in fair condi
tion only at present, worn considerably by hard
service, and frequent repairs are necessary.
1 hook and ladder truck in good condition.
1 reserve third size single pump Jeffers' Engine,
22 years old, rebuilt six years ago, in good con
dition.
1 reserve two-wheeled Hose Reel, purchased this
year, in prime condition.
1 four-wheeled two-horse Hose Wagon, prime con
dition.
1 two-wheeled Dump Cart, purchased this year, in
prime condition.
1 four-wheeled two-horse Supply Wagon, old, but
in good condition.
1 four-wheeled Buggy, in fair condition.
1 two-wheeled Gig, in fair condition.
Station No. 4Corner Hall and Barnard streets.
1 Rotary La France Engine, 4 years oid, in good
condition.
1 two-wheeled one-horse Hose Reel, in good con
dition.
1 reserve Jeffers' Engine, old and worn out, in bad
condition.
2 two-wheeled reserve Hose Reels, in good condi
tion.
Hose Station No. 1Henry street, between Whitaker
and Bull streets.
1 four-wheeled one-horse Hose Carriage, originally
hauled by hand, old, but in fair condition.
Hose/Station No. 2Waldburg street, near Price.
1 two-wheeled one-horse Hose Reel, in fair condi
tion.
138 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
CONDITION AND SUPPLY OF HOSE.
Upon taking charge of the Department on January
16th, 1889, I found the following Hose in service and
in stock:
Rubber, good 4,250 feet.
Rubber, old 700 feet.
Rubber, new 2,000 feet.
Total 6,950 feet.
Since that time the following addi
tions have been made:
Purchased April19 1,000 feet.
Purchased May 4 2,000 feet.
Total Hose account 1889 9,950 feet.
Disposed of as follows, and present condition :
Engine Station No. 1.... 650 feet, good.
Engine Station No. 2.... 650 feet, good.
Engine Station No. 3... .1,150 feet, good.
Engine Station No. 3 1,800 feet, new.
Engine Station No. 3 ... 300 feet, old, unserviceable.
Engine Station No. 4.... 875 feet, old, unserviceable.
Engine Station No. 4 . .. 650 feet, good.
Hose Station No. 1 450 feet, good.
Hose Station No. 2 600 feet, good.
Sold during the year.... 2,295 feet, old.
Worn out and thrown
away . 230 feet, old.
Lost by fire April 6 300 feet old.
9,950 feet.
HOSE IN SERVICE.
New 1,800 feet.
Good 4,150 feet.
Old, unserviceable 1,175 feet.
Total 7,125feet.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 139
NUMBER AND .CONDITION OF HORSES.
The total number of horses in this service is 21,
located as follows:
Engine Station No. 13 horses, good condition.
Engine Station No. 23 horses, good condition.
Engine Station No. 34 horses, good condition.
Engine Station No. 43 horses, good condition.
Hook and Ladder Truck2 horses, good condition.
Hose Co. No. 11 horse, good condition.
Hose Co. No. 21 horse, fair condition.
Chief Fireman1 horse, good condition.
Extra horse1, good condition.
Extra horse1, condemned.
Extra horse1, very sick at present.
IMPROVEMENTS AND ADDITIONS.
During the past year the Department has been im
proved by the addition of five Heaters for engines, 1
new fifth size La France single pump Engine, 1 new
Hose Reel, 3,000 feet Hose, and 1 Fire Alarm Box.
All necessary repairs to apparatus and quarters have
been done, as far as possible by the firemen in this De
partment.
The advantages of the new heaters make them the
most valuable addition (next to apparatus) ever made
to the Department. They have been perfect in their
workings, and being so simple in construction, they
are always in good order and render very valuable
service.
RUNNING CARD.
The Running Card of the department has been
changed, as follows :
Formerly Engine No. 1 answered all alarms east of
.Bull street, north and south, to the extreme southern
limits, over heavy sandy roads. Engine No. 2 an
swered all alarms west of Bull street, north and south,
over heavy roads to the extreme southern limits. I
considered it advisable, inasmuch as the majority of
140 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
alarms are for fires north of Liberty street, that better
protection should be afforded to the very valuable
property in that section. By the change made, Engines
Nos. 1 and 2 now answer all alarms north of Liberty
street, which, with Engine No. 3, gives that part of
the city the service of three engines instead of two, as
heretofore. I beg to submit the revised card, as fol
lows :
Engine Company No. 1 responds to the following
boxes on first alarms, viz.: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 24, 25, 35, 37, 42, 43.
Engine Company No. 2 responds to the following
boxes on first alarms, viz.: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 17,
21, 23, 24, 35, 36, 42, 43.
Engine Company No. 3 and Hook and Ladder Com
pany No. 1 respond to all boxes on first alarms.
Engine Company No. 4 responds to the following
boxes on first alarms, viz.: 18, 19, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32,
34, 41, 45, 46.
Hose Company No. 1 responds to the following
boxes on first alarms, viz.: 19, 26, 31, 34, 41, 45.
Hose Company No. 2 responds to the following
boxes on first alarms, viz.: 27, 28, 31, 41, 46.
Supply Cart responds to all boxes on first alarm.
Three taps or strokes during a fire calls all engines
that did not respond on first alarm.
Two taps or strokes at 3:30 P. M., daily, will be
sounded for testing batteries, boxes, etc.
One tap or stroke is the relief tapfire is out.
The new fire alarm box above referred to, has been
placed at Gordon Wharf, and has been numbered 51.
One Hayes' Extension Hook and Ladder Truck and
one Holloway's Chemical Engine, have been ordered
for this Department. The chemical engine is expected
to be delivered on the 15th of March, 1890, and the
truck on January 15th, 1890.
Quarters are now being prepared on the corner of
Olive and West Broad streets for engine and reel of
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 141
Station No. 2, now situated on Congress street, be
tween Montgomery and Jefferson streets. These new
quarters are expected to be ready, and will probably
be occupied, about January 9th, 1890.
In compiling the statistics of Fires it has been my
aim to do so with as certain a degree of correctness as
circumstances will allow, and I feel safe in submitting
these figures as information that can be relied upon.
o lO c m IT ir c
8
o c C; 8
I c
lO CJ if Ci cr CT IT oc IT o
ai CO o C to j^. _ ll- c t' C ir rf
o* c CO T IT CC OJ W c>- TT<
- ^i cr ^ & C" a- L- X Cl
J
ci oT t> i>^ tc i> Tf cc 0 ^^ tc CO' S
o> CO c- oc ^t c S CN to

^ c>- o CO la
of W
>
O
^
Z 8 8 s 8 g 8 8
o
o
o
c 8 8 8 8
^5 ^ o O T IT 0J O o 1-

1
to to i> <X ir (T u- c- tc Tf
t-^ IT I> O Tt o- ^ IT rt fr Cl
P t.~- V ^ c ec O" iC T O I> ee 00 CQ t- lO t- Tt ec OI Tt c- g S
c (N Tf
of
o iO o lO ir if O o o c o
ta t- IT o i> IT o rr IT o 8 8
T-, os c- t- -N X O IT rf OI I" IT cn
o CO o i> CO CO TI c- c to to -* 0= o^ c o cr CO c o cc *
n
-
w * oc O" s
cr cT
eft x T
CO o- co^
^
O
J
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 g 8
S
5D t^, CO S
C r ^ o X CO
CO O" ^ tc CO o
8 ^J o ~ S50 a
X
M
0J. =
CO
IT drr
cT CJ X
g 8 8 1 8 i 8 8 8 8 s o
8 S s 3 P
2 a 8
CO
II CO to Tj^ O" cc So
w
00 cc Xi ^ i> o- Tt' to m t- TjT
o CO O" (C ec T cr
o CT Ci S3 CO cr oo
z ^ ,_ vs
< &$
8 8 s 8 8 8 i 8 8 8 8 s
s
1
8 8 s g S g g 3 i
.a
o
i" i" i 1 X !C i c- g
CO
CQ (M Tt cr ^
^
CO
13H
z -
142 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The total insurance for 1888, as previously reported,
was $2,360,800, but I find that an error has been made
in addition of $52,450. In the loss of 1888 I find a
similar error of $4,498, both of which I have corrected
in the above table.
I find that a comparison cannot be correctly made
with 1888, as to losses and insurance, as I find numer
ous errors in the statement of 1888, principally among
which I note the fire on December 13, in the cotton
warehouses over canal, where there was a loss of some
thing over $200,000, yet the 1888 report shows no loss
and no insurance. As a matter of course such omission
decreases the per centage of loss for that year, and
consequently I make no comparison.
RECORD OF FIRES PER MONTH.
Month. No.
January 9
February 10
March 21
April 23
May 15
June 3
July 18
August 5
September 16
October 28
November 9
December 9
Total 166
The alarms for the past year were caused by fires
located in buildings, etc., as follows :
Style of Building. No.
Dwelling 82
Stores 12
Stores and Dwellings combined 14
Ships 6
Offices 4
Unoccupied 4
Storehouses .... 3
Kitchens 2
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 143
Style of Building. No.
Cotton Factory 2
Out of City 7
Wood Yard 2
Boarding Houses 2
Feed Houses 2
False Alarm .... 3
Various 21
166
The Alarms for the past year are attributable to the
following causes:
Cause. No. Alarms.
Unknown 42
Foul Chimneys 28
Incendiary 23
Sparks from Chimneys .... 13
Carelessness 9
Out of City 7
Explosion of Lamps 6
Supposed Incendiary 6
Defective Flues 5
Overheated Stoves ... 4
Sparks from Locomotives 3
Defective Stove pipes 3
False Alarms 3
Friction of Rollers 2
Kerosene Stoves 2
Sparks from Furnace 1
Burning Brush 1
Wet Lime 1
Hot Ashes 1
Rekindling 1
Lightning 1
Sparks from Fireplace ,.. 1
Falling from Dray 1
Accidental 1
Fireworks 1
Total 166
144 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
TABLE OF MANNER OF RECEIPT OF ALARMS.
Fiom. Times.
Local 53
Telephone 32
Station 14 10
Station 41. .
Statioh 7. .
Station 12. .
Station 19. .
Station 13. .
Station 24. .
Station 21. .
Station 28. .
Station 45. .
Station 23. .
Station 37. .
Total
9
6
6
6
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
From.
Station 42.
Station 6.
Station 8.
Station 15.
Station 16.
Station 18.
Station 25.
Station 36.
Station 3.
Station 27.
Station 34.
Station 35.
Station 46.
Times3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
172
In six cases 2 Boxes w
Tere pulled for the same fire.
LOCATION OF FIRES.
North of Liberty street 97
South of Liberty street 62
Out of city 7
Total 166
.. 34
.. 48
M . . . .. 49
HOURS OF FIRES.
Between the hours of 6 A. M. and 12 M
Between the hours of 12 M. and 6 P. M
Between the hours of 6 P. M. and 12 P.
Between the hours of 12 P. M. and 6 p
Total , 166
TELEPHONE ALARMS FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS.
1885total alarms, 97; telephone, 5.
1886total alarms, 159 ; telephone, 14.
1887total alarms, 227; telephone, 35.
1888total alarms, 191; telephone, 27.
1889total alarms, 166 ; telephone, 32.
RECORD OF ALARMS FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS.
1885total alarms, 97. 1888total alarms, 191.
1886total alarms, 159. 1889total alarms, 166.
1887total alarms, 227.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 145

S
e
rS
as
O
8
e
10
to

id
e
to
H 2
S 8
S3 S
S S
CO Cl CO CO
CO O tS a
s s s 3 H
H ta o <1
3 y id
M S5 <? 60 60
-<HB-)-<1HH-1<I
10
146 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
FIRE ALARM TELEGRAPH.
This branch of the Department has worked very sat
isfactory, considering the age and worn condition of
the repeaters. For a detailed statement, I would
refer you to the report of the Superintendent, Mr.
John Cullum.
NOTABLE FIRES AND EXTRAORDINARY* SERVICE.
April 6th an alarm was sounded from Station 14, at
6.45 P. M., caused by fire in the dry goods establish
ment of D. Hogan, 163 Broughton street, corner of
Barnard. The fire originated in the show window
fronting on Broughton street, and had communicated
with the store before the alarm was sounded. When
the Department reached the grounds, the flames were
leaping from the windows of the second floor, and in
an amazingly short time the entire building was on
fire.
A general alarm was quickly, sounded and the en
tire Department went to work. A strong wind was
blowing, and in a short time the current of air from
the fire increased it to a fierce gale, which hurled
burning embers into the surrounding buildings and
set fire to buildings in several places at the same
time. The intense heat set fire to the buildings
on the opposite side of Barnard street, and the flying
sparks set fire to several buildings South of Broughton
street, and the department, under the circumstances,
being unable to concentrate their efforts at any partic
ular point, the fire swept away much valuable prop
erty, among which I have to record, with profound
regret, the Independent Presbyterian Church and
Sunday School, together with the Odd Fellows' Hall
and the Guards' Armory.
The Department worked hard in a rain of sparks, and
a heat that was almost unbearable in its intensity, for
hours, but in spite of the united efforts of the entire
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 147
Department and many citizens, the following property
was destroyed.
The east side of Hogan's building was occupied by,
John A. Douglass & Sons' stove and house furnishing
establishment. Continuing east, the store of Milius &
Co., notions, was completely destroyed, while the jew
elry store of M. Sternberg, adjoining, was completely
gutted. A small cigar store on the corner of Barnard
and Broughton street lane, and the row of brick dwell
ings extending along the north side of State street,
east from the corner of Barnard street, within two
doors of Whitaker street. The store of J. T. Cohen,
G. W. Allen, Cornwell & Chipman, and Lindsay &
Morgan, running west on the south side of Broughton
street.
The Odd Fellows' Hall, and the two brick dwellings
belonging to the estate of L. Savarese, on State street.
The old frame building facing St. James' Square, on
the east side of Barnard street, northeast corner of
President street.
The Guards' Armory, Andrew Hanley's paint store,
and the buildingj on either side of Whitaker street
from President to South Broad.
On York street, the buildings on the south side,
from the middle of the block, eastward from Barnard
street to and including Thomas Henderson's under
taker establishment, near Bull street.
On South Broad street eastward, on the north side,
from Whitaker up to the residence corner of Bull.
On Bull street, the Independent Presbyterian
Church, and the Sunday School of that congregation,
were both destroyed, while on Hull street, just in the
rear of the Sunday School building, the residences
occupied by Capt. John Flannery and J. W. Mclntyre
were burned down.
The progress of the fire was stayed at several criti
cal points by the hard work of the Department, prin
cipally among which were the points on Broughton
148 MAYTOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
street, east and west, on Bull street, corner York, the
Telfair Academy of Arts, and other places.
The Department acknowledges its gratitude to the
military who rendered such very valuable service, and
I take this opportunity of expressing my thanks.
A chart, showing the burned district, ruled in red,
is attached to this report.
On April 7th, while the department was occupied at
the fire of the previous night, they were called to a
fire at 184 and 186 Drayton street, where the residence
occupied by S. Krouskoff, and the building known as
the Oglethorpe Seminary, were burnedthe force re
turning to Broughton street, and remaining there all
the following day up to 3 p. M., when an alarm was
sounded from Station 18, caused by the burning of
the Cotton Factory on the corner of Cohen and Guerard streets. Owing to the delay in sounding the
alarm, the fire was beyond control when the Depart
ment reached the ground. The members went to work
to save the surrounding buildings, and tired and worn
out after fifty-five consecutive hours labor, they
worked hard to save as much property as possible,
with good results. Fifty-five successive hours is the
longest term of service at one time that the Depart
ment has been called upon to perform, and from the
willingness and cheerfulness which the members of
the force did their duty, I feel that I do but simple
justice when I say that they deserve credit.
On July 1st, an alarm was sounded from Station
No. 14, at 6:45 P, M., caused by fire in the third floor
of A. J. Miller & Go's, furniture store,, No. 150 and
152 Broughton street. Ladders were placed on Brough
ton street and lines of hose taken to the third floor
windows. The fire burned fiercely, and in a short
time the rear wall fell towards the north into Congress
street lane, and immediately after the side and front
walls gave way. On the front, Fireman John F.
Wiehrs was instantly killed, while call Firemen Julien
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 149
Strobhert and M. Lepinsky were carried from the lad
der and badly injured. On the east side, Foreman
Henry B. Goodson was so badly injured that he died
in twelve days after. Fireman Ed. Pacetti and Citi
zens M. A. Buttimer, John Ogren and F. Hart were
seriously, but not fatally, injured, while Citizen Pat
rick May was killed.
BUILDINGS.
The total number of buildings erected and altered
during the year were as follows :
Buildings erected 364
Buildings remodeled, etc 159
Total 523
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION.
Wood 296
Brick 68
Total 364
CHARACTER OF CONSTRUCTIONS.
CHARACTER.
Dwellings
Dwellings, Tenement.
Kitchens
Stables
Sheds
Stores
Churches
Laundrys
Court house
Total
WOOD. BRICK. TOTAL.
221 28 249
6l 14 75
I 1
3 2 5
3 I 4
I 23 24
3 3
2 2
I 1
During the past year there has been a large increase
over former years in the improvement of buildings.
The improvements above noted are for such as ex
ceeded a cost of $100 only.
150 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
INCENDIARISM.
I beg to report that during the past year there were
twenty-three fires attributable to incendiarism and six
to supposed incendiarism. The evidence while suffieient to prove cases of incendiary w
Tas not sufficient to
convict. Investigation of such cases leads me to the
conclusion that the principal motives which prompt
the crime is the desire for gain.
The City Detective and the police authorities have
spared no pains to unearth the perpetrators, but with
out success.
FOUL CHIMNEYS.
The fires attributable to this cause amount to twen
ty-eight out of a total of 166, and I have to ask that
the ordinence governing this matter be more clearly
defined to the public, as I find that a large majority
of our citizens do not understand the necessity of giv
ing this matter attention.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
There are now in use in this city 440 telephones, one
of which is located at Station No. 3, (headquarters).
During the past year we have recorded 32 alarms by
telephone, all of which No. 3 has answered. In many
instances this Station has had to attend fires in the im
mediate neighborhood of other Stations, simply owT
ing
to the fact that the public finds it more convenient to
call by telephone than to run three or four blocks to
the nearest Station. The use of the telephone service
has had the effect of increasing the number of still
alarms and of comparatively decreasing the bell
alarms. In this way many fires have been checked in
their incipiency, and possible disastrous conflagration
avoided. The results accomplished are not to be
measured by the losses, but by the possible damage,
had the calls for aid been less prompt.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 151
This branch of the service has given such perfect
satisfaction that I would earnestly recommend that
four more telephones be placed in service, one in each
Engine Station, and I have to request that this matter
be given favorable consideration.
In the case of accident to one of the engines in ser
vice after February 1st (about which date the present
reserve engine will go into service) the Department will
be without a reliable reserve engine, as the engine now
stationed at No. 4 is in such bad condition that it is
dangerous to run it. This engine is 23 years old, has
never been rebuilt, and the boiler is so old and unreli
able that it is liable to explode under ordinary pres
sure. In case of accident to other engines, as a mat
ter of course, we would be compelled to put this en
gine in service, yet I would not do so could it be pos
sibly avoided. I have therefore to recommend, that
this engine be disposed of, and the results of the sale
of same be applied towards the purchase of a new one.
I beg to recommend the sale of the four-wheeled
two-horse hose reel located at headqurters. This ap
paratus is entirely too heavy for the service, is old
and worn by hard service, requires frequent repairs,
and is a source of constant expense to the city in keep
ing it in a condition necessary for service. It is a still
greater expense in keeping horses for it, and in the past
it has been the means of killing more horses than any
other apparatus in the service. I would recommend
the sale of it and the purchase of a hose wagon in its
stead. Touching the matter of hose wagons, I beg to
state that the reports from the principal cities of this
country show that the hose wagon is daily increasing
in popularity ; in many instances the reels are being
abandoned for the wagon. The labor in handling the
hose in wagons is greater in the taking up of lines,
but in the laying off of hose the rapidity of the move
ments is such as to recommend them; the labor in
taking up comes at a time when there is no particular
152 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
need of haste, but at the time of laying off lines of
hose every minute is of vast consequence. I have to
ask that this recommendation be favorably considered.
I would recommend that a hose station be located at
or about the intersection of Stewart and West Broad
streets. The buildings in that locality are, with few
exceptions, composed of wood, principally shingle
roofs. The nearest fire protection afforded the neigh
borhood is No. 4, corner of Huntingdon and Barnard
streets, and No. 3, South Broad and Abercorn. The
roads from Huntingdon and Barnard streets are heavy
and sandy, and it is doubtful if the apparatus located
at that station could reach the fire before those of No.
3. Fortunately there has been but few fires in this
neighborhood, but there is no telling what loss might
occur should a fire get beyond control before the arri
val of the Department, and for this reason I have to
recommend that a hose station be located at the point
above designated, or in some more available part of the
section known as Robertsville.
I beg to state that we have two large heavy hose
reels now located at Station No. 4, in reserve, on ac
count of their weight. These reels are newT and were
in service in 1888, but I found that the horses were
unable to haul them, and I accordingly placed the two
old reels (formerly in reserve) in active service. I
would respectfully recommend that the apparatus
above referred to be disposed of, and lighter ones pur
chased in their places.
I have to agk that Huntingdon, from Whitaker to
West Broad street, and New Houston, from Drayton
to Whitaker, be paved. These streets are heavy and
sandy and in case of fires in the southern part of the
city, the apparatus located nearest are very much de
layed in arrival.
I have to recommend that a system of promotion be
inaugurated in this Department, by which the salary
of deserving members may from time to time be ad-
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 153
vanced. Under the present rules the members have
no encouragement to do more than what the rules
actually require of them, and while it is a pleasure to
me to state that the work of the Department is always
cheerfully and promptly executed I still think that
the men could be encouraged to still greater efforts.
The annoyance of frequent changes in the drilled men
of the Department and the uncertainty of the perma
nency of any of these men, leads me to earnestly
recommend that the force, excluding engineers, be
divided into three grades. For privates, the salary
of first grade, $60; that of second grade, $55, and of
third grade, $50. For foremen, first grade, $70; sec
ond grade, $65, and third grade, $60. Men to be em
ployed at third grade, and after one year's faithful
service to be advanced one grade higher, at the discre
tion of the Chief Fireman, and so on for each suc
cessive year, until the first grade shall be reached.
Length of service in any particular grade not to be
considered in itself a sufficient reason for promotion.
I beg to recommend that five stokers be employed
at $60 per month (one for each engine), to take charge
of engines at such times as the engineers may be
absent at meals or otherwise. When the engineers
are on duty the stokers to do duty as firemen, and to
be considered as such.
I have to call your attention to the numerous wires
strung on poles throughout the city, which are daily
increasing. I would especially invite your attention
to Drayton and Whitaker streets, in which it would
be impossible to use the new truck without cutting
away the wires. While I firmly believe that these
wires must ultimately all go under ground, I yet think
that much may be gained by a proper regulation of
the present overhead system. The inconvenience and
danger liable to occur from these wires are not so
much the result of the overhead system itself, as it is
the consequences of the want of a systematic plan
154 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
and proper regulation in the placing of these wires.
At present the lines of telegraph, telephone, fire alarm
and electric light wires cross one another in many
places in a proximity too close to be other than dan
gerous to life and property, and there is no telling at
what time an accident may occur which will result in
loss of life or valuable property. Should the fire
alarm wires in any way come in contact with the elec
tric light ware in an exposed place it is almost sure to
destroy the repeater in this service. In a few weeks
the Aerial Truck will arrive and go into service, and I
anticipate much trouble and annoyance from these
wires. I would, therefore, respectfully recommend
that if it be considered inadvisable at thistime to have
these wires placed under ground, that such ordinance
be passed that will require telephone, telegraph and
fire alarm wires to be on one side of the street and
electric light wires on the other. That no w
T
ire cross
ing a street be, at its lowest point of sag, within thirty
feet of the pavement, and that when it becomes neces
sary for one line to cross another it will be run so far
above or below the other as may be considered neces
sary to avoid a possibility of their becoming crossed.
When electric light wires cross other lines, I would
recommend that they be as completely insulated by
some waterproof compound as possible for a distance
of at least ten feet on either side of crossing point.
I w
Tould further recommend that all wires, whether
electric light, telephone, telegraph, or others connected
with buildings, be run to the top of the building, and
from thence down the front to the desired terminus.
I would also recommend that all so-called "deadwires" be removed, and that an ordinance be passed
regulating the height of poles used for wires.
The repair shop of the Department is especially in
need of a lathe and drill press, together with a gas or
other engine. We have in service good, competent
mechanics, and many hundred dollars could be saved in
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 155
a few years by this addition, and I earnestly recom
mend the purchase.
I would respectfully recommend that an effort be
made whereby the use of a tug boat could be procured
in cases of fire on the water front. Apart from its
value in extinguishing or preventing ship fires it
would be a strong ally in case of fire in the numerous
buildings on and in close proximity to the wharves,
its powerful pumps are in constant communication
with a never failing supply of water, always has steam
and can be promptly put in service. Water-front
conflagrations, fortunately enough, are not of very
frequent occurrence, but it is safe always to look for
one or two annually. Sometimes the engines cannot
be placed in very available positions on the wharves,
and at such times a tug boat would be a very valuable
addition. The outlay attending this addition need be
but slight, as the department could furnish two or
three lengths of hose and a pipe to be used in that
service.
CONCLUSION.
In closing my report I desire to avail myself of the
opportunity to return to your Honor and the Honor
able Board of Aldermen my thanks for the confidence
that you have shown towards me, and also your wil
lingness to help me at all times in the discharge of my
duties as Chief Engineer. To the Fire Committee I
desire to return my thanks for the favorable consider
ation shown all requests made by me to them.
Chief Green and the Police Department will please
accept my thanks for their valuable assistance to the
Department in times of fire.
I desire to return thanks to the Insurance Compa
nies for statistical information necessary in the com
pilation of this report.
I commend the members of the Department for their
promptness in answering the calls for aid and the
156 ) MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
willing cheerfulness which has always characterized
them in the performance of their duties.
I beg to return thanks to the officials of the Central
Railroad for use of hose and to the Savannah Brew
ing Company for use of tackle, and to other parties
for various services during the fire of April 6th.
Very respectfully,
WM. B. PUDER,
Chief Engineer.
' BULL STREET I - kJ WHITAKER STREET 3 I5 1
5: 11
Hi
\
!
to
11S > I
(o | <i5
5i
tl
^0
'<0
Nl
^11
1)
Hi N
i*-
<0^ BARNARD STREET 5^*

Detailed Statement of Fires and Alarms, Losses and Insurance, from January 1 to December 31, 1889,
Jan.
10
32
2-3
27
28
28
Feb.
2
4
4
12
12
13
14
25
Mar.
1
2
3
11
11
13
19
21
23
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
30
April.
1
2
3
6
7
7
9
10
12
13
14
23
25
26
26
27
May.
1
1
5
7
11
11
12
13
20
22
28
29
29
29
31
June.
9
25
29
July.
1
3
8
9
11
18
13
14
14
15
19
19
21
25
26
26
28
29
AUf5
12
15
15
Local
Local
Sta. 24
Local
Local
Telephone..
Sta. 14
Local....
Local
6 00 a m Whitaker, het. Hall and Huntingdon.
10 30 a m 59 Barnard .
3 43 p inlBull and Liberty (U. S. Barracks).
10 40 p rn,Henry lane, near Lincoln
8 30 a m'M Charlton
8 30 a miliull and Congress
10 30 a m 21 Barnard..
Local..
Local..
Local .
Local..
Local..
Local ..
Local ..
Sta. 12..
Local..
Local..
Sta. 14
Local
Local
Sta. 21
Sta. 8
Sta. 19
Telephone.
Local
Sta. 6
Local ....
Local
Sta. 21
Telephone.
Local ... .
Local ... .
Sta. 7
Telephone.
Telephone.
Sta. 42.
4 30 p m
30 p m
174X Gaston.
171 Henry.. ..
John Nesbet
T. O. Tilton
De Soto Hotel Co...
Henry Lewis (c)
Mrs. Mary Dunbar..
B. Dub
Hirsch Bros
John Heightman. .
Jas. Storey
11 00 p m 28^ McDonough.
10 00 a m246 Waldburg.
8 45 a m 13 Barnard
6 40 a m Houston and State..
10 40 p mjl79 Congress
2 OO p mi Bolton lane, near Barnard..
9 00 p m|l59 Gwinnett
11 30 p m!178 Bay
10 45 a m
!A 3 Gwinnett
8 30 p mjl55 Perry
Margaret Clayton (c)..
Thos. Thompson (c)...
Decker & Fawcett
Mrs. C. Hennessy
Mrs. Anna Meitzler...
J. W. Fretwell
Wm. Estill
Chas. O. Gage
Eev. H. H. Taylor (c)..
John S. Haines
Telephone.. 3 00 p m|First ave., bet. Whitaker and Barnard.
2 05 a mjlie^ Broughton
2 00 a m;187 Congress
12 00 m Barnard and Congress
10 04 p m'aoo South Broad
6 50 p m 238 Bryan
9 17 p m; Bolton and Burroughs
1 05 p m iCohen, near Guerrard
8 25 p mi46 Hull
11 15 a m East Broad, head St. Julian
10 30 a mi Whitaker and Henry lane
7 50 p m;49 Margaret
12 06 p mj46!^ Jefferson
10 35 a nrOver ( anal
10 50am8Farm
1 OO p mICongress lane and Price
5 15 p miBay and Drayton
10 54 p m.Second ave., bet. Abercorn and Lincoln.
12 30 a m;68East Broad
12 00 m .Ocean Steamship wharf
Sta. 45.. 2 30 a m Sixth and Burroughs
Sta. 7 9 05 p mjBay and Lincoln
Local 3 45 p ml Anderson and Burroughs
Local 10 50 a miHenry lane, near Lincoln
Sta. 14 6 45 p mlBrmighton, Barnard, State, Whitaker, South Broad, etc..
Sta. 13 11 45 a m'lS West Broad
Sta. 41 6 50 p mi 184 and 186 Drayton
Sta. 24 11 00 a milSO Liberty
Sta. 45 12 45 p m|l78and 180 Henry
Local 3 00 p ml Henry lane, near Jefferson
Sta. 21 9 15 p mJlOl York
Local 10 00 p mWest Boundary, near Bay
Sta. 23 ilO 40 a n^CentralR. R. Yard
Sta. 18 I 2 26 p m Cohen and Guerrard
Sta. 7 2 30 p ml Drayton street dock
Telephone.. 9 50 a m;]21 Broughton
Sta. 21 | 6 25 a mi69 Jefferson
Telephone.. 10 15 p m.York lane, near Whitaker
Local ; 9 00 p m,l84# South Broad
Telephone.. 9 25 p m;159 Liberty..
Sta. 13.... 12 15 a m 27 Pine ....
Sta. 36 12 55 p m 25 William .
Local 12 30 p m|133 West Broad .
Telephone.. 9 45 p miFoot of New.
Sta. 24
Telephone..
Sta. 7
Telephone..
Telephone..
Local
Sta. 14 & 12.
Sta. 34 & 45.
Sta. 41.. .
Sta. 19
Sta. 7..-
Sta. 25
2 25 a m:85 Drayton
2 55 p m Oeeec.hee Canal
2 00 p miBav lane, east Habersham
3 46 p ml Bay, bet. Lincoln and Abercorn
2 30 p m Third ave., east Bull
4 30 p m Gwinnett lane, west of West Broad..
3 48 p m 177 Congress
9 52 p mj novle and Sixth
7 28 p m.78 Henry
1 02 a m Gwinnett lane and Burroughs
11 08 p m 56 and 58 Bay
4 08 a m! U6M, 17, 18, 18^ Harris
il 8 and 10 Harris
11 37 a in Charlton lane, east of Price
OWNER OR OCCUPANT.
Gus Solomons
Henry Walton (c)
Solomons & Co
W. H. Hoyal(c)
Mrs.C. C. Ehlers
Wm. Diehrs
Jno. Flannery & Co
B.C. Way
F. Lapham
D. Rosenbrook
Mrs. P. Smith
A.S. Cohen
A. Kent
D. Jenks (c)
J. Steinberg
Fire Department
Dr. C. W. Backman
McDonough & Ballentyne.
Export Cotton
Dr. L. A. Falligant
Chas. Rankin (c)
HOW OCCUPIED.
Dwelling.
Dwelling.
Office ....
Dwelling.
Dwelling.
Hotel....
Store. ...
Dwelling.
Dwelling.
Dwelling
Dwelling
Store
Dwelling
Bar and Boarding.
Dwelling
Kitchen
Ice house
Dwelling
Dwelling
Shooting gallery
Tailor shop
Drug store
Undertaker
Dwelling
Dwelling
Cotton Factory
Dwelling
Dwelling
Dwell'g and barber shop
Dwelling
Dwelling
Dwelling
Dwelling and store
Dwelling
Station No. 7
Dwelling
Foundry and machine
Cotton platforms, etc.
Dwelling
Dwelling
Cotton Pickery.
Seminary
Barnett & Cohn
Haven Industrial Home (c)..
Jane Smith (c) (Dwelling.
Various
A.Kent
Various
Dr. R. B. Harris
Mrs. C. Broderick
Z.Mendel
A. C. Ulmer
A Ehrlieh.
C. R. R. & B'kg Co. of Ga ..
Jno. Flannery & Co. & others
German Bark Triton
Ludden & Bates
C. Brandt
Unoccupied
A.S. Cohen
D. B.Lester
Harriet Crumpton (c)
Rev. A. Harris (c)
C.Foster (c)
Brick yard
Various
Storehouse.
Dwellings..
Dwelling .
Dwellings..
Dwelling .
Dwelling ..
Dwelling ..
Waste house
Cotton factory & dwell'g
Barge lighter No. 7 ...
Store
Dwelling
Unoccupied
Dwelling and store
Stable
Dwelling
Dwelling
Dwelling
Out of city
Sta. 27,..
Sta. 24 | 1 30 p m 92 Harris..
Telephone..! 0 15 p m.90 Harris..
100
1,869 50
50 00
10 00
5 00
2 00
250
120 00
1,285 25
15 00
175 00
400
35 00
3 00
10 00
100 00
2 00
10 00
3 00
1 00
31 50
25 00
4,200 00
10 00
787 OO
1 00
764,585 59
4 00
15,044 46
1,850 00
2 00
41,083 00
4,600 00
INSURANCE.
Green grocery.
Wood yard
Dwelling
Offices
Kitchen
Dwelling
Photograph & dry goods
Roos & Co
J.S.Connolly
Mrs. A. Doscher
J. I. Stoddard
Prof. Lessing
W. B. Puder
Basch Bros. & Hermes & G
Mrs. Verdery (c) Dwelling
E. S. Derby Dwelling
Various iStore and dwellings
P. D. Daffln ~~ - -
S. Cohen and Est. Monahan
Armour Lodge (c)
Wm. Green
John Sullivan & Co., Agents
John Sullivan & Co., Agents
:Local
ITelephone..
iLocal. ...
I
Iftlo,
2 35p m'president. near Lincoln SL*?^ 5i!a
?1on'
12 45 a m.Gwinnett lane, west of Burroughs
8 00 a m|Bryan and West Broad
Offlces and storehouse.
Dwellings J
Lodge Room j
Dwelling
Dwelling
Dwelling
6 45 p mjU6.148,150 and 152 Broughton
9 45 a m1202State
10 30 p m; North side State, near Price
2 25 p mlsj an(3 zu; Williamson..
14.. ..
;Sta. 12
iTelephone.
;Sta. 12.. ..,
Local , 3 20 p miMontgdmery, 2d south of Anderson..
Sta. 14.. ,10 03 p ni'isja Broughton
Sta. 14 22 5050 aa mm 132 139 Broughton Riv.mrhtnn
Sta. 41.. :12 41 a m.second ave., east of Abercorn
tSta. 7 5 18 p in:i26 to 130 Bay
Telephone.. 12 20 p mjFootof New
Sta. 41 3 45 a m gecond ave , east of Abercorn .
Telephone.. 5 45 p m west Broad and William
Sta. 15 2 35 p 111,57 Broughton
Sta. 41 k 45. 1 45 a m E eventli, west West Broad ...
1 05 p miias West Broad
10 15 p m leg Broughton
12 00 a m 6 whitaker
6 35 p in Houston and Perry
j Local
Telephone..
!sta. 14...
[Local.. ..
Sta. IS J12 55 a miaoi Broughton
Sta. 3 j 2 18 a in; York lane, west of Price
!sta. 18 ] 3 45 a ml\v.an steamship docks
;Sta.42 ; 2 00 p m.oe'venth, east of Habersham'
Sta. 28.. 7 45 n
Dwelling.
Paul Fraser (c) Dwelling
W. H. Ray Wheelwright i blksmith
Various , -^ Various
Mrs. K. c. Bullard Boarding house
Unknown Unknown
Teeples & Co. and others... Storehouses
Ehrlieh Bros .. [Dwelling
J. P. Germaine and others.. (Store and dwelling
J. P. Germaine and others.. iStore and dwelling
Dr. C. Backman Dwelling
Unoccupied ..jUnoccupied
W. H. Connerat Wood yard
Dr. Backman and others.... Dwellings
Dr. D. Cox Stock yard
D. Quinnan Dwelling
Several Dwellings
Sarah Jackson (c) Dwellings
E. W. Wilson and others ... Store and barber shop.
Strauss Printing Co Printing ofllce
Mrs. C. Mahoney Dwelling
20 00
10 00
5 00
10 00
$ 3,500 00 Carelessness.
2,000 OO! Foul chimney.
iCarelessness.
300 00 Foul chimney.
4,000 00 Foul chimney.
70,000 00;Foul Chimney.
16,500 OO.Unknown.
2,000 00 Overheated stove.
3,500 00 j Foul chimney.
350 OOJUnknown.
300 00;Unknown.
19,500 OOJExpIosion of powder.
2,000 00; Foul chimney.
4,000 00[Carelessness.
500 00 Foul chimney.
Foul chimney.
10,000 00 Carelessness.
500 00 Defective Flue.
1,500 001 Sparks from chimney.
500 OOiUnknown.
1,000 OOlUnknown.
20,000 OOiExposed phosphorus.
700 00 Incendiary.
1,000 00 Defective flue.
600 00 Sparks from chimney.
40,500 00 Friction of rollers.
500 00 Sparks from chimney.
3,000 00 Foul chimney.
300 00 Sparks from stove pipe.
1,300 00 Foul chimney.
2,000 00;Overheated stove.
Out of town. Sparks from chimney.
2,000 00 Incendiary by lunatic.
500 00 Sparks from chimney.
Test alarm.
1,700 OOiExplosion of lamp.
30,000 OOiSparksfrom furnace.
.. 290,000 OOiSparksfrom locomotive.
1,000 00:Sparks from chimney.
Out of city.. Incendiary.
2,500 00 Unknown.
[Burning brush.
400 OOFoul chimney.
701,670 OOlCarel'ness at starting point.
10,000 00[Lime, wet.
29,000 00 Hot stove pipe.
5,000 00 Foul chimney.
2,600 OOiIncendiary.
400 OOiIncendiary.
" 4,500 OO'Foul chimney.
600 00[Unknown.
Not ascerta'd I Unknown.
40,500 00j Friction of rollers.
11,184 OOiUnknown.
100,000 00 Defective flue.
800 00[Hot stove pipe.
'Incendiary.
1,100 00 Incendiary.
2,000 OOlHot ashes.
500 00 Incendiary.
2,000 OOiSparksfrom chimney.
400 00;Spa!ks from chimney.
[Out of city, false alarm.
540 00
2 50
100 00
146 40
5 00
7,593 45
11 00
2,365 00
5,086 25
2,212 45
10 00
8 75
77,296 11
3 00
.bersham s
ist Broad,
. mjisi Henry...
9 00 p iniThunderbolt road.
3 05 a m Guerrard lane, bet. William and New..
8 30 a inlBolton and Abercorn
7 45 p m 111 Barnard
9 00 p m|152X Congress
12 30 a mlso Habersham
11 50 p m 68 Bryan ;:
4 45 p mlwhitaker, bet. South Broad and York.
8 15 p mi waters road
3 15 a mj27 South Broad..
9
11
11
11
12
13
13
13
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
18
19
Sta. 41 [11 50 a miDrayton and Fourth
1 ! Telephone.. 12 30 p m[Bay and Randolph.,
Sta. 37 j 2 10 a ni;Lower Hydraulic Presses...
Sta. 41 I 2 45 a m whitaker and Second
Sta. 28 & 41. 6 17 p m. Waldburcr, east of Lincoln..
iTelephone.. [ 9 30 a moiiveand Ann
Local 112 00 m Perry and Randolph
Local Ill 25 a m 93 Charlton
Local ! 9 25 p in Drayton and President
Sta. 41 . .. 2 40 a in: Anderson and Barnard. ..
Local 1 5 50 a m.Lavinia
Sta. 24 |12 00 in 108 Macon
Sta. 19 !
1 45 a m 199 Montgomery
Local 5 45am'Abercorn and York
Telephone.. 9 15 a m 85 New Houston jS' T
iTelephone..Ill 00 a m\VA State '
Telephone.. 1 00 p m Paulsen's wharf
iTelephone.. 6 00 p miFoot of Price
Sta. 6 & 37.. 11 45 p m Harmon's wharf
[Local 112 00 m 174 Jones
Sta. 19 ' 3 02 a ml Bolton and West Broad
S. L. Newton and others... Store and dwelling.
Jas. Doolan and others 1Dwellings
A. S. Martin Store and dwelling.
O. S. S. Co Freight sheds
Several Dwellings
Blodgett, Moore & Co Oil works ...
Chas. Anderson [Dwelling
M. J. FBTvey^....". Unoccupied .
H. Remshart 1Various
C Nungezer [Dwelling....
John O. Smith [Unoccupied .
J. Teitjin Dwelling....
Mrs. E. Lovell iDwelling
J.C.Taylor iDwelling....
Cornwell & Chipman Store
Capt. J. Fitzgerald Dwelling....
R. Tolbert (c)' iDwelling....
D. Dean (c) .Store
Unknown iDwellings..
J. Kauflman iRestaurant.
Sue Quarterman (c) Feed house.
8,100 00
1 00
12 39 [ 400 00
100 00
15 00
2 00
2,900 00
4 00
20 00
Out of city
10 00
6 00
113 00
50 00
70 00
115 00
740 00
10 00
Out Of city..
17,110 00
4 50
327 40
838 00
60 00
142 00
475 00
5 00
3 00
ISO
SOOO
Out of city
1,618 00
10 00
1,000 OOiUnknown.
iSparks from locomotive.
300 00[Kerosene stove.
4,500 OOJUnknown.
iSparks from chimney.
350 OOiFoul chimney.
10,500 00; Careless use chemicals.
Out of city. Unknown.
3,600 00,Unknown.
3,350 OOiUnknown.
15,000 OO.Supposed incendiary.
7,200 OOiUnknown.
1,000 00 Sparks from chimney.
9,000 00 Foul chimney.
9,000 00 Foul chimney.
3,000 OOiUnknown.
350 OOiIncendiary.
4,000 00 Supposed "incendiary.
149,734 00 Unknown.
5,000 00,Foul chimney.
Not ascerta'd. Unknown.
4,600 OO.Unknown.
300 00 Sparks from chimney
10,200 00 Unknown.
10,20a OQiHekindliiig.
1,700 00,Incendiary.
6,500 00 Supposed incendiary.
iSparks from locomotive.
4,200 OOlncendiary.
500 00,Lightning.
2,000 OOiExplosion of lamp.
Not ascerta'd'Incendiary.
400 OOiSparksfrom chimney.
4,000 00|lncendiary.
14,150 00\Incendiary.
[Overheated stove pipe.
23
24
26
27
28
31
31
Nov.
10
17
19
20
21
26
29
30
30
Dec.
2
2
...,. noo "Viayand Whitaker [steamship Evelyn
[Sta. 37.. , 7 28 p mGordon's wharf
Igta. 12 HI 20 p mlpootof Barnard
[Local i 5 00 a miios^ River,
John Dyke Cotton on dray
Various Presses and warehouses
Various Store and dwellings
J. B. Kelly [Dwelling
Mrs. C. C. Ehlers [Dwelling
D. P Sullivan [Dwelling
J. J. Wilder [Dwelling
Chatham County Court house (new)
Dr R. G.Norton and others Dwellings
C. Burgmayer [Dwellings
Mrs. H. M. Thomas Dwellings
Mrs. F. Kreitze and others. Dwellings
Mrs. K. C. Bullard Dwellings
M. F Joyce Store and dwelling
Thomasson ;Dwelling
Steamship Glendower Loading cotton
D. J. Murphy Coal yard
Steamship Carlton Loading cotton
E.Brown Dwelling
!^ .
1
u CMftror IStore arid dwelling
Smith Bros. & Co Store
100 00
272,600 00
8,007 00
550 00
10 OO
12 50
70 00
"'6',2i8'6o
1,500 00
35 00
1,880 00
15 00
3 00
10 00
28 00
8,500 00[lncendiary.
600 OOiExplosion of lamp.
1,800 OOJUnknown.
155,000 00;Carelessness of tinners
Not ascerta'd [Unknown.
12,130 00 Unknown.
700 00.Foul chimney.
700 OOiIncendiary. '
1,635 OOiUnknown
2,500 OOiExplosion of lamp.
3,000 OOiIncendiary.
2,000 OOiUnknown.
8,000 OOlFoui chimney.
2,000 OOiFoul chimney.
4,000 OOiUnknown.
2,000 OOiIncendiary.
800 OOiIncendiary.
300 OOiUnknown.
Not ascerta'd[Unknown.
4,000 00[Overheated Range.
Not ascerta'd [ Unknown.
11 05 a in Carmichael ave
2 00 a m 29> Randolph
7 00 p m,Broughton and Houston.
10 30 a mlAnn and Bryan
iSta. 16..
Local . ...
iLocal ... -
Telephone.
iLocal .. .. 12 00 m state and Montgomery
Sta 23.. .. I 7 45 p m 62 West Broad
ILocal .1 2 00 a m 14 East Broad
iTelephone .: 6 00 p mlLiberty and Randolph.. ..
I nrad ,11 00 a m 1 Barnard and Charlton lane
iLoading cotton.
Steamship Harrogate .. iLoading cotton.
John G. Butler istorehouse
D. Grimm IDwelling
P. Hayes.. Dwelling
Dr. J. C. Ulmer Hayloft
Mrs. C. C. Ehlers iDwelling
Sta. 42..
Sta. 19..
Sta. 28,.
Sta. 15..
Sta. 12...:..
Sta. 35
Local
Sta. 19.......
Sta. 14
Sta. 14.. ..
Sta. 8
(Telephone.
29 Local
5 00 p mjOcean S S. Upper wharf.
1 30 p ml272 Bolton
3 05 a m
:
East Broad and New Houston.
4 15 p mi47 Broughton
3 15 a m 202 Bay
3 20 p in c. R. R. wharves
8 00 p m[62 Habersham
6 40 p m Out of City
9 27 p m.Bull and Broughton
4 05 a mlwhitaker and Congress lane..
5r3ttp itt;i59south Broad..
9 30 p m,170 Gaston
30,950 00
,u 10 "
1,910 00
Mrs. W. Wells [Dwelling
Mrs. Reagan Dwelling
Fred. Lapham iDwelling :
F. & W. Rv !
Fusees on dray
Brickman Bros. Mirror Factory
Steamship Thalia Loading cotton
R. Hamilton (c) Dwelling
J. J. Wall and others Offlceand dwelling..
H. Schroder Store and dwelling..
Jas. O'Byrne and others.... Store and dwelling..
Steamship Montarossa . ...[Discharging ballast.
M. R. Heneman and others Dwelling and store..
G. M. Ryals iBarn
Theus Bros !
Jewelry store
D. B. Lester iStore
Unknown IDwelling- -
Mrs. J. Kilpatrick jBoarding house
Phillip Russell iDwelling
5 00
20,000 00
10 00
20 00
4 00
5 00
40 00
25 00
3 50
12 00
10 50
90 00
675 00
275 00
620 00
25 00
5 00
Unknown. ..
is'oo
Not ascerta'dUnknown.
225,595 OOiUnknown.
12,000 OOiSupposed incendiary.
900 OOiUnknown.
1,000 00|Foul chimney.
1,000 Oo Foul chimney.
10,000 00[Unknown.
False alarm
6,500 00[Supposed incendiary.
2,000 OOIncendiary.
2,000 OOiKerosene stove.
3,300 OOiIncendiary.
.Explosion of lamp.
2,500 00[Unknown.
Not ascerta'diFoul chimney.
216,825 00,Unknown.
False alarm.
269,000 00 Unknown.
rtJJ^is'uefia'ajSparks from llreplace.
4,000 OfllUuknown.
False alarm.
340,000 OOiUnknown.
297,500 OOUnknown.
Not ascerta'd, Carelessness.
300 00defective flue.
700 00 Incendiary.
Unknown.
1,000 00; Foul chimney.
5,000 OOiFoul chimney.
1,000 00iCarelessness.
Not ascerta'd[Incendiary.
iFellfrom dray.
Overheated stove.
300,000 OOiUnknown.
iFoul chimney.
600 00iAccidental.
6,000 OOiUnknown.
4,000 OOiSupposed incendiary.
150,000 00 Unknown.
Not ascerta'd .Explosion of lamp.
|Out of city.
Not ascerta'diChoked flue.
13,500 00 Supposed by Are works.
Not ascerta'd Foul chimney.
Not ascerta'diFoul chimney.
Not ascerta'd|Unknown.
$1,310,579 00 $3,824.523 00'

MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 157
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT FIRE ALARM
TELEGRAPH.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1890.
W. B. Puder, Esq.,
Chief Savannah Fire Department :
DEAR SIRI beg to submit the following report of
the City Fire Alarm Telegraph, for the fiscal year end
ing December 31, 1889: '
The total number of alarms by boxes have amounted
to 87. In several instances, more than one box has
been pulled for the same fire, as 88 keys were relieved.
During the past year, but two boxes failed to work.
In one instance, the magnet was burnt by lightning,
and, in the other, the wire in the magnet parted.
The repeater located at headquartersis old and pretty
well worn out, and cannot be expected to do good ser
vice much longer. I w
Tould respectfully recommend
that a new set of repeaters be purchased, and that
eight additional fire alarm boxes be put in service.
The distance between boxes is very great in some cases
and the alarms are consequently slow in coming in.
The cost of maintenance of the fire alarm system
for the past year has been $541.09 against $1,899.39
last year. This decrease is owing to the purchase of
poles and five new boxes in 1888.
The maintenance of the city clocks is not charged
to this Department, and consequently I do not con
sider it necessary to make any report of the amount
expended in that service. I find that the Exchange
Clock is badly in need of attention, and I recommend
that it be thoroughly overhauled.
Very respectfully,
JOHN F. CULLUM,
Supt. Fire Alarm Telegraph.
158 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
INVENTORY.
STATION NO. 1.
1 two-story Brick Building.
1 Steam Fire Engine. Tools and Appliances.
1 one-horse Hose Reel.
1 set Double Harness.
1 set Single Harness.
2 sets Harness Rigging.
3 Horses.
650 feet Hose.
6 Horse Blankets.
6 Halters.
3 old Traces.
2 Stoves and Pipes.
1 Kettle.
1 Water Cooler.
1 Fire Shovel.
1 Feed Box.
3 Metal Buckets.
1 Dipper.
3 Curry Combs and Brushes.
1 Sprinkling Pot.
3 Feed Boxes.
1 Sawdust Basket.
1 Pick Axe.
2 Axes.
2 Shovels.
1 Rake.
1 Pitchfork.
1 Clock.
1 Bell on House.
6 Iron Bedsteads.
6 Mattresses.
6 Pillows and Slips.
9 Sheets.
8 Blankets.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 159
6 Spreads.
6 Chairs.
9 Window Curtains.
1 Bath Tub.
1 Table.
1 Writing Desk.
1 Pen and Bottle of Ink.
3 Brooms.
1 Feather Duster.
1 Wall Broom.
1 Set Rules and Regulations.
, 65 Feet Street Hose.
5 Brass Tubular Lanterns.
1 Signal Lamp.
2 Hose Straps.
1 Hose Jacket.
3 Play Pipes.
2 Monkey Wrenches.
1 Hammer.
2 Cold Chisels.
1 Alligator Wrench.
3 Socket Wrenches.
1 Water Main Key.
1 Jackscrew and Lever.
1 U. S. Flag.
1 Bench.
1 Reed Broom.
} Step Ladders.
;. Set (3) Lockers.
| Nickel-plated Nozzles.
1 Whips.
j. Adze.
A Vise.
1 Work Bench.
3 Spanners.
5 Oil Cans.
1 Gong and Electric Appliances.
1 Lot Granite Paving Blocks.
160 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
1 Manure Box.
1 Steam Heater and Attachments.
i Cord Kindling Wood
2 Tons Soft Coal.
i Ton Stove Coal.
4 Small Shovels.
Feed Supplies.
ENGINE STATION NO. 2.
1 Steam Fire Engine, Tools and Appliances.
1 One-horse Hose Reel.
1 Set Double Harness.
1 Set Single Harness.
3 Horses.
650 Feet hose.
2 Sets Harness Riggings.
1 Steam Heater and Attachments.
1 Alarm Bell on House (cracked).
2 Gongs.
2 New Horse Blankets.
4 Old Horse Blankets.
1 Locker.
1 Vise and Bench.
1 Stove and Pipe.
1 Coal Scuttle.
1 Kettle. /
1 Clock. /
3 Cots. /
7 Mattresses. I
1 Pair Old Blankets.
2 Play Pipes.
1 Shut-off Pipe.
1 Three-gallon Can.
3 One-gallon Cans.
2 Pair Double Traces.
1 Rake.
1 Old Shovel.
2 New Halters.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 161
2 Old Halters.
50 Feet Street Hose and Pipe.
1 Sprinkling Pot.
1 Large Monkey Wrench.
1 Old Feed Box.
1 Broom.
1 Small Wall Locker.
1 Water Cooler.
2 Water Buckets.
2 Curry Combs.
2 Horse Brushes.
2 Whips.
4 Lamps.
1 Engine Apron.
1 Pitchfork.
1 Axe.
4 Pillows.
8 Pillow Slips.
8 Sheets.
3 Spreads.
3 pair Blankets.
Wood, Feed and Supplies.
STATION NO. 3 (HEADQUARTERS)
1 Engine Suction and Tools, complete.
1 Double Hose Carriage, complete.
1150 feet of good Hose.
2 sets Double Harness, complete.
2 Whips.
4 Horses.
2 extra Horses.
4 pair Bridles.
5 extra Bridles.
1 new Buggy Harness.
1 old Buggy Harness.
1800 feet new Hose.
300 feet old Hose.
162 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT
1 Jack Screw.
6 Galvanized Iron Buckets.
1 Single Hose Carriage and Harness.
1 old Extension Ladder.
2 Shovels.
2 Pitchforks.
2 Rakes.
5 pair Horse Blankets.
3 Monkey Wrenches.
2 Pipe Wrenches.
1 Sledge Hammer.
2 Hose Expanders.
1 Brace and Set Bitts.
1 Square.
1 Drawing Knife.
3 Siamese Couplings.
1 set Dies.
1 Water Cooler.
1 Key Hole Saw.
1 Duster.
1 Wall Brush.
5 Twist Drills.
1 Screw Driver.
2 Punches.
2 Cold Chisels.
1 pair Lamp Trimmer.
2 Shut-off Nozzles.
1 Engine Heater.
2 Sawdust Baskets.
3 tons Soft Coal.
4 tons Stove Coal.
1 Vise.
1 Grindstone.
1 Step Ladder.
14 Horse Collars.
6 Swinging Collars and Hames.
2 sets of old Double Harness.
4 Curry Combs and Brushes.
163
1 Supply Wagon.
4 Coal Buckets.
50 feet old Street Hose.
1 Kettle.
1 Clock.
1 Bell on house.
10 Lanterns.
1 extra pair Shafts for wagon.
1 Tarpaulin.
4 extra Springs for H. and L. Truck.
16 Mattresses.
8 Pillows.
12 Iron Bedsteads.
5 Sheets.
8 pair Blankets.
9 old Chairs.
1 Bath Tub.
2 Looking Glasses.
1 Small Bell.
3 pair new Blankets.
CHIEF'S OFFICE.
1 Writing Desk.
4 Chairs.
1 Table.
1 Letter Press.
1 Book Case.
1 Pigeon-hole Case.
1 Gas Stove.
1 lot Stationery.
1 American Stock Book.
1 lot Badges and Buttons.
1 lot Fire Alarm Keys.
1 Waste Basket.
STORE ROOM.
1 Kerosene Tank and Measures.
9 Hose Pipes.
164 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
2 Hose Jackets.
1 Relief Valve.
2 Hose Pipe Reducers.
1 gross Tier Bolts.
5 Saw Handles.
2 dozen Small Snaps.
1 gross- Lap Links.
4 pkgs. Carpet Tacks.
i dozen Small Plyers.
1 dozen Lamp Burners.
1 pair Tinner's Iron.
2 Hatchets.
3 Stove Grates.
1 small Gong.
10 new Spanners.
7 Stove Brushes.
3 Scrub Brushes.
1 box Tallow.
1 Oil Stone.
1 lot of Carriage Bolts.
2 half-boxes of Copper Rivets.
2 Iron Buckets.
2 Leather Horse Boots.
1 Copper Suction Strainer.
1 Anvil.
1 old Heater for Engine.
1 Ancle Protector.
1 2 inch Framing Chisel.
5 small Saw Files.
2 small Chisels.
1 large Square.
1 Step Ladder.
1 Try Square.
1 Rule.
1 Jack Plane.
1 Compass Square.
1 small roll of Copper Wire.
150 lbs. of White Waste.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 165
1 old Pipe Tongs.
1 new Pipe Tongs.
11 5-gallon Cans.
2 Augers.
11 old Pipe Nozzles.
3 Siamese Couplings.
3 Oil Measures.
1 Pipe Vise.
1 lot of Pulleys.
5 Twist Drills.
4 Spanners.
1 coil of new Rope.
1 coil of old Rope.
2 old Gongs.
2 old Harness Trips.
5 Bridle Bits.
1 Drill Press.
1 Bench Vise.
2 Hatchets.
2 Hammers.
7 old Files.
1 Hand Saw.
1 Cross-cut Saw.
100 feet of Street Hose.
1 lot of Lap Links and Snaps.
1 lot of Bolts and Washers.
1 lot of Rubber Packing.
3 Hammer Handles.
2 Dusters.
1 Pipe Cutter.
1 Iron Hose Jacket.
1 lot of Buggy Washers.
1 lot of Reel Cogs.
1 Gas Bracket.
1 lot of Lamp Wicks and Burners.
15 old Signal Lamps.
1 new Saw Handle.
5 Scrubbing Brushes.
166 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
1 Drawing Knife.
6 Stable Brooms.
3 Stable Rakes.
1 Hoe.
6 Rake Handles.
1 coil of Steam Packing.
1 box of Steel Stamps.
32 Lamp Globes.
8 Harness Sponges.
5 Iron Brackets.
3 small rolls of Zinc.
1 new Coal Scuttle.
2 Rubber Springs.
2 Stove Grates.
1 Screw Clamp.
3 Soldering Irons.
5 Straight Wrenches.
5 gallons Neatsfoot Oil.
i gallon Polishing Oil.
5 lbs. Putty.
12 lbs. Packing.
2 Rubber Axle Springs.
4 dozen Hose Expanding Rings.
1 Gong and Striking Apparatus.
6 Street Brooms.
1 Hoe.
1 box Boiler Compound.
1 Pitchfork.
5 new Rakes and Handles.
1 new Coal Scuttle.
1 Galv. Iron Bucket.
3 Rake Handles.
2 dozen Cake's Stove Polish.
6 Iron Brackets.
1 bale Hemp Packing.
1 Spike Maul.
5 dozen Iron Washers.
4 Storm Lamps.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 167
10 old Lamps.
6 old Files.
1 Water Main Key.
1 pair Draw Scales.
1 new Basket.
2 large Brass Spanners.
2 old Gongs.
2 Side Lamps.
2 Brass Lamps.
2 dozen Horse Plumes.
1 lot Bolts and Nuts.
1 large Flag.
1 lot old Bunting.
TRUCK,
1 Hook and Ladder Truck.
2 Horses.
8 Lamps.
3 Axes.
1 Crowbar.
2 Picks.
4 Fire Buckets.
1 Gong.
1 Bell.
2 Pitchforks.
1 Siamese Coupling.
1 Shovel.
3 Tarpaulins.
1 Iron Bucket.
1 Auger.
5 Cotton Hooks.
2 Hatchets.
4 Ropes.
1 Block and Tackle.
1 Hook and Chain.
2 Rakes.
11 Hook Poles.
168 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
*
1 Signal Lamp.
1 set Double Harness.
2 Spiders for Harness.
1 extra Spider.
1 forty-foot Ladder.
1 thirty-five-foot Ladder.
1 thirty-foot Ladder.
1 twenty-four-foot Ladder.
2 twenty-one-foot Ladders.
1 eighteen-foot Ladder.
1 twelve-foot Ladder.
2 ten-foot Ladders.
2 Pinchers.
1 pair extra Head Stalls.
1 Curry Comb.
1 Mane Brush.
1 Mane Comb.
1 Body Brush.
1 Dandruff Brush.
2 Sponges.
2 Tin Buckets.
1 Soap Bucket.
6 Rings.
1 set Centre Rings.
1 Sprinkler.
1 Shovel.
2 Rakes.
2 Feed Bins.
2 pair Horse Blankets.
2 Feed Boxes.
1 Hoof Picker.,
2 Scrapers.
1 Pitchfork.
1 Sifter.
1 pair extra old Reins.
3 Cans.
1 Medicine Chest.
1 Syringe.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 169
3 lbs. Sulphur.
5 bars Arnica Salve.
1 Wall Desk.
1 Clock.
3 Chairs.
1 Bench.
1 Stove.
1 Kettle.
1 Reed Broom.
1 Coal Scuttle.
1 Shovel.
1 Kerosene Can.
50 feet Street Hose.
4 Mattresses.
6 Pillows.
3 Bed Spreads.
3 pair Blankets.
1 Comfort.
3 Iron Bedsteads.
3 Clothes Racks.
1 Wooden Bedstead.
STATION NO. 4.
1 two-story Brick Building.
1 Rotary Engine, complete, in service.
1 Hose Reel.
650 feet Hose.
1 Axe.
1 Crow Bar.
2 Lamps.
4 Spanners.
2 Hose Jackets.
2 Brass Pipes.
2 Shut-off Nozzles.
1 Heater and Attachment.
3 Horses.
1 set Double Harness.
1 set Single Harness.
170 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
7 Head Stalls.
3 Horse Blankets.
4 old Horse Blankets.
2 Curry Combs.
2 Brushes.
2 Mane Combs.
2 Mane Brushes.
1 Gong and Striking Apparatus.
1 Scrubbing Brush.
1 Feather Duster.
1 Wall Duster.
5 sets Window Grating.
1 Trip for releasing horses.
1 Bell on house.
2 Clocks.
1 Stove.
1 Kettle.
2 Coal Buckets.
1 Table.
3 Chairs.
3 Benches.
1 Rake.
1 Pitchfork.
2 Brooms.
2 Iron Buckets.
3 Shovels.
2 Surcingles.
1 Water Cooler.
2 twenty-foot Ladders.
1 Jack Screw.
1 Engine (Washington).
1 Reserve Reel, No. 1.
1 Gong. . .
1 Reserve Reel, No. 2.
700 feet old Hose.
1 Step Ladder.
1 Looking Glass.
1 Iron Vise.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 171
1 Tinner's Furnace.
1 Tape Line (100 feet).
1 Jack Plane.
1 Cold Chisel.
2 Mallets.
1 old Keyhole Saw.
1 Spoke Shave.
1 Screw Driver.
1 Pick Hatchet.
1 Small Try Square.
2 dozen half-inch Washers.
Ii dozen Small Nut Bolts.
2 Valves and Coupling for Heaters.
1 pair Pinchers.
10 pounds Tallow.
3 Lamp Burners.
3 pieces Asbestos Packing.
4 pieces Rubber Packing.
175 feet Old Hose.
1 set Old Suctions.
2 sets Engine Wheels.
2 pieces Old Gal. Wire.
1 Barrel Lime.
1 Old House Bell.
90 feet Street Hose and Nozzle.
1 Grindstone.
1 Gingle Bell.
4 pieces Angle Iron.
65 feet half-inch Round Iron.
3 Old Pole Hooks.
7 Pike Poles.
1 Axe.
10 tons Coal.
1 Sprinkling Can.
1 Wheelbarrow.
1 Signal Lamp.
3 five-gallon Oil Cans.
3 'two-gallon Oil Cans.
172
5 Old Hand Lamps.
2 Breast Straps.
1 Rubber Mat.
4 Clothes Racks.
10 Window Shades.
HOSE STATION NO
1 Horse.
1 four-wheel Reel.
9 Length Hose.
1 set Single Harness.
2 Moss Mattresses.
1 Horse Blanket.
1 Whip.
1 Play Pipe.
1 Pick Axe.
1 Curry Comb.
1 Clock.
1 Bucket.
1 Shovel.
1 Horse Brush.
1 Broom.
1 Mane Comb.
1 Cot.
3 pair Blankets.
1 pair Scissors.
2 Pillows.
2 Pillow Slips.
1 Oil Can.
2 Sheets.
1 White Spread.
1 Pitchfork.
7 Spanners.
1 Monkey Wrench.
1 Screw Driver.
50 feet Street Hose.
1 Stove and Pipe, complete.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 173
2 Bracket Lamps.
2 Lamps.
1 Carriage Wrench.
2 Scrapers.
2 Bridles.
1 Jack.
1 extra Collar.
1 Hose Strap.
1 Feed Box.
1 Surcingle.
1 Rake.
1 Kerosene Can.
STATION NO. 2.
1 Frame House.
1 Horse.
600 feet Hose.
1 set Single Harness.
1 Stove and Pipe, complete.
1 Clock.
2 Iron Bedsteads.
4 Mattresses.
2 Blankets.
2 Pillows.
4 Sheets.
4 Pillow Cases.
2 Brass Lanterns.
2 Tubular Lanterns.
1 Storm Lantern.
12 Chairs.
1 Table.
1 Nozzle.
1 Play Pipe.
1 Scuttle.
1 Kettle.
1 Whip.
2 Horse Blankets.
1 Shovel.
174 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
1 Rake.
1 Stable Broom.
1 House Broom.
1 Curry Comb.
1 Brush.
2 one-gallon Oil Cans.
1 five-gallon Oil Can.
1 Duster.
1 House Bell.
1 eighteen-foot Ladder.
1 Force Pump.
1 old four-wheel Reel.
2 Surcingles.
3 Buckets.
1 Gong.
1 Nozzle.
1 Spanner.
1 Axe.
1 House Alarm Gong.
1 extra Bridle.
1 Water Cooler.
50 feet Garden Hose.
1 Hose Jacket.
1 Hatchet.
1 Jack Screw.
INVENTORY OF PROPERTY IN FIRE ALARM
TELEGRAPH SERVICE.
33 Fire Alarm Signal Boxes.
1 Fire Alarm Station (Police Barracks.)
9 Large Gongs.
3 Small Gongs.
1 Call Bell.
232 Cells of Battery.
23 miles Wire.
1 set Repeaters.
3 Striking Machines.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 175
2 pairs Climbers.
2 sets Pulleys.
2 Vises.
2 pairs Plyers.
1 Large Shovel.
1 Hand Shovel.
1 Spade.
3 Pike Poles.
2 Pike Poles, broken.
3 Trips.
2 Screw Drivers.
1 Hydrometer.
4 Galvanometers, in use.
164 Zincs.
84 old Coppers.
54 Porcelain Knobs.
144 Insulators.
225 Brackets.
265 Pins.
H miles new Wire.
150 feet Insulated Office Wire.
1 Bell Tower.
1 Alarm Bell (Duke).
34 Telegraph Poles, in stock.
12 short Cross Arms.
40 long Cross Arms.
1 barrel Blue Stone.
1 Mallet.
1 Chisel.
1 old Switch Board.
1 Switch Board, in use.
2 Galvonometers, in stock.
1 Syringe.
15 feet Street Hose and Pipe.
1 Pitcher.
1 lot old Binding Posts.
30 feet three-quarter-inch Rope.
i gallon Machine Oil.
176
2 old Brooms.
1 lot old Jars.
1 Inspector's Case.
7 Adjusting Springs.
2 Paint Brushes.
3 Oil Cans.
9 Insulated Washers.
2 Bronze Lamps.
1 Tape Line.
2 rolls Rubber Tape.
1 dozen Screws.
Half-box Tacks.
1 Auger.
2$ dozen Iron Washers.
1 lot Weight Cord.
2 coils old Wire.
1 coil Insulated Wr
ire.
1 Fire Alarm Station (Chief's Office).
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 177
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF THE
WATER WORKS.
SAVANNAH, January 1, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz.
Mayor :
SIRI respectfully submit the following report of
the Water Works Department, for the year endingDecember 31st, 1889.
The duty required of the Engines have been exceed
ingly heavy during the year, as the quantity of water
called for in the city has been very great and increas
ing monthly. The number of gallons pumped, as
shown by the record, has been two billion, four hun
dred and thirty-five million, six hundred and eightythree thousand and nine hundred and nine (2,435,683,-
909) gallons, which, when compared with the record
of the previous year, exceeds that of 1888 two hun
dred and ninety-nine million, eight hundred and fortyone thousand, nine hundred and twenty-eight gallons.
Upon assuming the position of Superintendent of
the Department, I was inducted into the office by the
occurrence of the most destructive conflagration that
has taken place in the city since the establishment of
the Water Works.
On the evening of Saturday, the 6th of April, at
about 7 o'clock, a fire started in a large dry goods
store, on the southeast corner of Broughton and Bar
nard streets, which soon communicated with the ad
joining buildings, and crossed over Barnard street. A
very high wind had been prevailing during the day,
and soon after the fire began, rapidly increased in
force and became a storm. The fire raged with fury
178 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
all night and consumed and destroyed about fifty
buildings, among which w
r
ere the finest and most val
uable in the city, such as that fine structure and orna
ment, the Independent Presbyterian Church, the Odd
Fellows Hall, the Savannah Volunteer Guards Armory
andHogan's, Douglass' and Hanley's fine stores. The
engines at the works were severely taxed, but, I am
pleased to say, did admirably, and supplied to the
Fire Department all the water they could use.
The expenses of the Department, as per bills passed
in this office, amount to forty-four thousand, two hun
dred and one dollars and twenty-eight cents ($44,-
201.^.), which is in excess of the appropriation, but
can be accounted for by the extraordinary expenses
incurred, not contemplated at the beginning of the
yearfor boring additional wells at the Works, for
boring experimental deep twelve-inch well on Spring
field, extending main pipes in localities petitioned for,
and for greatly needed repairs at the Works. The
wharf at the Works had become rotten and dangerous,
and was rebuilt. The river well was filling up and
choked, and if needed could not have been used. It
has been cleaned out. The boiler house was in a very
bad condition, on which repairs and alterations have
been made, which could not have been postponed or
neglected any longer.
ENGINES AND MACHINERY.
After the large and disastrous ^fire on April, 6th it
became absolutely necessary to shut down the large
engine for repairs, in order to place it in condition to
furnish an adequate supply of water during the heated
term. Before doing so, however, the small engine
was examined and it was found that a thorough over
hauling was necessary. But as it was urgent that the
large engine be immediately prepared for the summer
service, nearly a full set of valves and springs were
put in the pump ends of the small one, and it was
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 179
started pumping on the 13th day of May. The re
pairs to the large engine was then begun, and rapidly
completed, and on June 1st was again at work. Since
that time it has been running steadily, except occa
sional short stops for the purpose of examining valves,
or packing the stuffing boxes, in all about 96 hours.
On June 4th the small engine was taken to pieces
and has received a thorough overhauling, and is now
in as good condition as it is possible to put it.
The large engine has never been overhauled since it
was placed in position, and it should receive immedi
ate attention, as it will be impossible to go through
another summer with it in the present condition. The
working parts, especially the steam pistons and valves,
are very much worn, causing a great waste of steam,
and a consequent largely increased use of fuel and
labor in keeping the necessary water pressure.
The new Donkey Pump, purchased from H. R. Worthington, of New York, during the year 1888, and re
ported last year as having been "substituted for'one
worn out," has never been connected. I propose to
do so in a short time, and this will give a suction from
the river for the boiler feed, an arrangement very
much needed, as at the present time, and heretofore,
the supply for the boilers depended entirely upon the
quantity delivered by the air pumps to the hot well,
which is inadequate, as it does not allow of sufficient
blowing off to keep the boilers free from scale and
sediment.
BOILERS.
The boilers are in general good condition, the bot
tom seams require occasional caulking on account of
having been overheated at some time, which was
caused by an accumulation of scale upon the surfaces
most exposed to the heat of the furnaces.
The brickwork was in very bad condition, and has
required a large amount of work upon it in repairs,
180 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
which have been quite expensive, and greatly annoy
ing. The greater part of it has been torn out and re
built during the past nine months.
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.
The buildings are in good order. All the roofs have
been painted with one coat of metallic paint, and
where needed, two coats have been put on. AU the
leaking places have been repaired.
The grounds are very much overgrown in weeds, as
no work has been done on them, attention having been
paid to more urgent work. It would present a better
kept and a more pleasing aspect if the grounds were
plowed and some kind of seed sown that could be
used as forage for the stock used at the works, and I
would recommend that it be done early in the season.
The fencing enclosing the grounds is rotten and in a
very dilapidated condition, whole .panels have fallen
down and left long open places through which stock
of all kinds can enter and pass out. It is intended to
have this repaired or rebuilt at once, that the grounds
may be protected.
ARTESIAN WELLS.
During the year five additional artesian wells have
been bored at the works, making the total number of
wells twenty-three, of the following sizes :
2 ten-inch Wells.
20 six-inch Wells.
1 four-inch Well.
23
These wells have furnished a good supply of water
until a short time ago, when it became necessary to
open the river supply to some extent, and assist the
wells in furnishing the quantity needed. This is the
case, especially at low tide, as experience and observa
tion has conclusively shown that the flow of the wells
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 181
is materially affected by the tides, and there is also no
doubt that the shallowness of the wells cause a filling
with sand to a greater or or lesser extent. The remedy
in this case would be to sink a number of the wells
deeper, to a depth which would insure a fuller supply.
This has been accepted by the committee as a correct
solution of the present troubles, and will be done at an
early day.
RESERVOIR.
The reservoir in Fraklin square has been used con
tinuously, and is in good condition. It has been
painted on the outside, to preserve it from the rust,
and has been thoroughly cleaned. The tower, or base,
has been whitewashed on the inside, and the doors and
other woodwork have been repaired. The tower needs
replastering on the outside, and a coat of good color
wash to make it present a neat and kept appearance.
The tank shows "some corrosion about the bottom
sheets and it would be well to have it well scraped and
at least one more coat of paint applied. The ground
floor should be paved with brick, which would make
the tower a good storehouse.
FIRE HYDRANTS.
Twenty-eight (28) new fire hydrants have been put
in, which added to the number previously reported,
make a total of three hundred and fifty:nine (359) in
the city. Twenty-five of these put in were placed on
the line of the extensions of the mains, and three were
put in along River street, at points designated as un
protected. Fifteen old and worn-out hydrants have
been taken out and replaced by new ones of the same
pattern. All the hydrants have been examined and
repaired, and with the exception of a few, which may
have to be taken out, are in good order.
PUBLIC OR FREE HYDRANTS.
No additional free hydrants have been put in during
the year. Those in use have proven to be of great
182 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
convenience to the neighborhoods. One hydrant was
broken, and had to be taken out, and the locality
being one where the houses and yards were very gen
erally supplied with water, it was not replaced. All
others, sixty-nine in number, are in good order.
CESSPOOLS AND SEWERS.
All of the cesspools have been kept in good condi
tion, and the sewers have been regularly flushed with
water. A number of new cesspools have been added,
the location of which appear in the report of the City
Surveyor.
VALVES.
Three (3) new valves have been put in, two on line
of extensions of mains, and one to lessen the area of
district, and are located as follows :
1 on Liberty street, at Reynolds street.. 6-inch valve.
1 on West Broad st,, at Maple St.. ."..... 6-inch valve.
1 on West Broad st., at Bolton st 6-inch valve.
LEAKS.
There have been very few leaks in the main pipes,
and none that were at all serious. Those which have
occurred were:
1 leak in 4-inch pipe on Zubly and West Broad street,
in joint.
1 leak in 4-inch pipe on Zubly street and Roberts
alley, in joint.
1 leak in 4-inch pipe on York and Whitaker streets,
broken pipe.
1 leak in 4-inch pipe on State and Barnard streets,
broken pipe.
2 leaks in 20-inch pipe in Ogeechee Canal, in joints.
6
The broken pipes reported on York and Whitaker,
and on State and Barnard streets, were caused by the
jar of the heavy falling walls of the large buildings
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 183
during the fire in April. All of the leaks were
promptly repaired.
EXTENSIONS.
The mains have been extended seven thousand nine
hundred and fifty-four feetseven hundred and
twenty feet of eight-inch, four thousand eight hundred
and thirty-four feet of six-inch, and two thousand
four hundred feet of four-inch pipe, having been laid
on the following named streets :
Anderson street, from Price to
East Broad street 720 feet 8-inch pipe
Huntingdon street, from Aber
corn street, east 180 feet 6-inch pipe
Bolton street, from Drayton to
Habersham street 1,000feet 6-inch pipe
Waldburg street, from Abercorn
to Lincoln street 300 feet 6-incli pipe
Waldburg street, from Haber
sham to Price street 400 feet 6-inch pipe
Duffy street, from Lincoln to
Price street 624 feet 6-inch pipe
Bolton street, from West Broad
to Burroughs street 398 feet 6-inch pipe
Maple street, from West Broad
West 444 feet 6-inch pipe
River street, from Tyler Cotton
Press to Harmon wharf 1,488 feet 6-inch pipe
Gwinnett street, from Burroughs
to Cemetery street 600 feet 4-inch pipe
Bolton street, from Burroughs to
Cemetery street 600 feet 4-inch pipe
Waldburg street, from Bur
roughs to Cemetery street 600 feet 4-inch pipe
New Houston street, from Bur
roughs to Cemetery street.... 600 feet 4-inch pipe
Total 7,954 feet.
184 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The number of miles of pipe now being a total of
thirty-six and a quarter (36^) miles.
The two-inch wrought iron pipe which formerly
conducted water from the artesian well on Cuyler
street, has been taken out and relaid on Anderson
street and into Laurel Grove Cemetery, and the Keep
er' s residence.
MATERIAL ON HAND.
17 Shovels.
10 Pick Axes.
5 Poll Axes.
1 Hand Saw.
1 Handspike (wood).
1 Cotton Line.
12 Galvanized Iron Buckets.
3 Monkey Wrenches.
2 large Oil Cans.
2 Squirt Oil Cans.
3 Extension Pipe Tongs.
1 Pipe Cutter.
1 pair Stocks and Dies.
1 Drilling Crow.
1 Ratchet and Drill.
1 set Hydrant Tools.
21 Calking Tools.
8 Hammers.
3 Flat Chioels.
12 Diamond Point Chisels.
4 Handle Chisels.
3 Cape Chisels.
3 Yarn Irons.
1 Steel Sledge.
2 Valve Keys and Bars.
1 Heating Furnace.
1 Lead Pot.
1 large Ladle.
1 small Ladle.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 185
5 Hydrant Spanners.
1 pair eight-inch Pipe Clips.
200 lbs. Pig Lead.
30 lbs. Packing Yarn.
1 three-quarter length 36-inch Pipe.
3 lengths 24-inch Pipe.
1 length 20-inch Pipe.
1 length 16-inch Pipe.
1 length 12-inch Pipe.
26 lengths 6-inch Pipe.
6 lengths 4-inch Pipe.
16 lengths 3-inch Pipe.
3 twelve-inch Water Gates.
1 ten-inch figured Water Gate.
1 six-inch figured Water Gate.
1 ten-inch Water Gate.
3 eight-inch Water Gates.
2 six-inch Water Gates.
4 four-inch Water Gates.
2 three-inch Water Gates.
1 eight-inch Brass Valve Stem.
2 six-inch Brass Valve Stems.
3 four-inch Brass Valve Stems.
1 cast iron Box Cover.
21 Pine Valve Boxes.
2 "Chapman" Fire Hydrants.
1 "Bourbon" Fire Hydrant.
1 "McLean" Fire Hydrant.
3 Hydrant Stems and Valves.
18 four-inch Hydrant Bends.
5 six-inch Sleeves.
13 four-inch Sleeves.
3 three-inch Sleeves.
2 eight-inch Sleeves.
5 ten-inch Sleeves.
6 twelve-inch Sleeves.
9 sixteen-inch Sleeves.
3 eighteen-inch Sleeves.
186 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
2 twenty-inch Sleeves.
1 twenty-four-inch Sleeve.
1 thirty-six-inch Sleeve.
1 four-by-six-inch Y.
3 twelve-inch Clamps.
1 sixteen-inch Clamp.
4 sixteen-inch Plugs.
1 twelve-inch Plug.
2 twenty-inch Plugs.
1 twenty-four-inch Plug.
2 ten-inch Plugs.
1 eight-inch Plug.
2 six-inch Plugs.
4 four-inch Plugs.
2 three-inch Plugs.
2 fourteen-by-sixteen inch C. I. Tees.
1 twelve-by-four-inch C. I. Tee, figured.
4 eight-by-eight-inch C. I. Tees.
5 sixteen-by-six-inch C. I. Tees.
1 twelve-by-six inch C. I. Tee.
4 eight-by-six-inch C. I. Tees.
5 eight-by four-inch C. I. Tees.
1 ten-by-six-inch C. I. Tee.
5 six-by-six-inch C. I. Tees.
13 four-by-four-inch C. I. Tees.
3 six-by-four-inch C. I. Tees.
8 four-by-six-inch C. I. Tees.
1 sixteen-by-six-inch C. I. Tee.
1 sixteen-by-twelve-inch C. I. Cross.
2 sixteen-by-twelve and six-inch C. I. Crosses.
1 sixteen-by-sixteen and six-inch C. I. Cross.
6 sixteen-by-eight-inch C. I. Crosses.
1 sixteen-by-six-inch C. I. Cross.
1 twelve-by-twelve-inch 0. I. Cross.
1 twelve by-eight-inch C. I. Cross.
4 ten-by-six-inch C. I. Crosses.
5 six-by-six-inch C. I. Crosses.
1 twenty-four to six-inch Reducer.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. ' 187
1 fourteen to twelve-inch Reducer.
1 ten to eight-inch Reducer.
1 eight to six-inch Reducer.
4 six to four-inch Reducers.
1 eight to six-inch Reducer Well.
1 six to four-inch Reducer Well.
5 eighth C. I. Bends.
2 quarter C. I. Bends.
3 Iron Force and Lift Pumps.
1 Iron Force and Lift Pump.
43 Iron (old) Pumps.
10 Brass (old) Pumps.
1 Block and Fall.
188 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
s
e
so
00
00
=
I
^>
to
00
CSTTt iiWOt-TTOCO CO
^unooDy sajjBiBg c* os a ^r uu os VJ & VJ UJ vr"
Ci303SOiOSCiOOOOOO
50110037 saoisaajxal;
*3unoooy S\I&M. uBtsawy
'innoDoy sjaj9K
GOT O W
QD-
^" CO i-i
CO CO SCO COM*
ooco"^ in co
"junoDoy stmaappui i
innooDy sdamj
junoooy siuuap^H a^JJ
:S8
W3Q
winsooo otJOQO
D-
I
junoooy icodssao eo Ot-O SD
janoooy euoii^nuoo
^unoooy sjredaa
COCJiOI^THOIOTuu O WW Oa "! (N CO I> I-H CO
^unooDy 3a;aanH
t Tj'eDCO'-'O'f'< lO Tf to CO
Tos^^O'-'-^oit-eo'^'oo
f i-T r-T T-T
fc-CtAg^S,
s a s a
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 189
'J)
W
Z
0
z
w
0
h
D
Q
| CO M Tj- vO w o o o o o o O^
O O Hi in eo cn O MO O *o o
w r^. o o^ I-I o M co m cn rf M o
Ss C
1
"J"! C- cn O O rC M & rC Tf t-^ cn ' co o cn O 00 O rt 1 in in w oo M O m O r-* r-^ o
1
\r> ui <D TJ- in in r^-co oo cn cn -+ 00 o o^ o O O -( w o O J cn
o o
W OO 00 r^-oo cn o
N N (N CO cn
CO
OO
-^ O O O Q O
O M O N O *^-
M H- N N N (N N N M
a
'S
Ay .7 -^ 1" n vO in in in mo enco in m in in in m in
'Avp
lad 3UIIJ_
[EOQ
jo suox
P00AV
jo spjoo
OO CO OO * rj-o ^ r^
a M N w
w O oo m M en ^f * o enco t-i M rt
N w w cn cn cn
tunnoE^
'uiEgig
rt 3 JS _
3 u U^
3 .3 J*
<D v at
fr S..
s
33
- S 2_g E g
X (M- 2 > O
(u o O -~
190 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
DEATH OF SUPERINTENDENT ALVIN N. MILLER.
On the 24th of March, 1889, Superintendent Alvin
N". Miller died. He was elected to the office of Super
intendent January 1882, and served in the position to
the time of his death. He was a man of large and
varied experience, having owned and conducted exten
sive iron w
Torks in this city for a long time, in the
shops of which were constructed large steam engines
and machinery of all kinds, and, during the late war,
manufactured ordnance and ammunition for the
army and navy. He had served as an Alderman of
the city, and was a public spirited and useful citizen.
His death was regarded as a loss, particularly to the
Water Works Department, and is inscribed here that
his services as Superintendent may be recorded.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
There are many improvements that have occurred
to me that I think would be advantageous to the
works, but the adoption of which would be quite ex
pensive, and, in fact, impracticable under present ar
rangements. I will mention, however, that it is claimed
that there is a pumping capacity of twelve and a half
million gallons per day. But the forcing main, lead
ing from the works to the city, is scarcely adequate
for seven and a half million gallons. And again, for
the w
Tant of a stop valve, and extra steam pipe at the
works, there might at any time, on account of a slight
accident, be a stoppage of the supply to the city for
an indefinite time. To remedy this, however, would
involve the stopping of the pumps entirely during the
progress of the work. Under the present system of
receiving the water directly from the wells, it is im
possible to know with certainty how much water is
being delivered by them, and it would be a great im
provement to construct a conduit of brick at a suffi
cient depth to obtain the water from the lowest well,
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 191
and into which conduit the water be received, and con
ducted to and emptied into a well or cistern from
which it would be pumped. This would enable us to
know the quantity of water the wells were delivering
at all times, and prevent the interference of air, which
is being sucked in the pipes through the four hundred
joints in the suction pipes that may not be tight.
Respectfully submitted,
JAMES MANNING,
Superintendent.
192 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF CLERK OF THE MARKET.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor :
DEAR SIRI have the honor to submit herewith a
statement of Market fees collected through this office
for the year ending December 31st, 1889, and turned
into the City Treasurer:
Total amount collected $11,161 00
Average monthly collections 930 08
Average weekly collections 214 52
Very respectfully,
T. A. MADDOX.
Clerk of the Market.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 193
REPORT OF HEALTH OFFICER.
OFFICE OF HEALTH OFFICER,
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor of the City of Savannah :
Herewith is presented my official report, together
with the vital statistics, for the fiscal period ending
December 31st, 1889. Taken as a whole, the year has
been as healthful a one as the preceding year, and in
making this comparison, I would call your attention to
the fact that the death rate of 1888 was a lower one
than any other year known in the sanitary history of
the city.
The deaths during the first three months were re
markably few in number, but during the second quar
ter of the year, the death rate was largely increased by
deaths among children below the age of ten years. The
large number of deaths among the children were
caused by diarrhceal diseases which prevailed in May
and June.
During the first six months, but four deaths from all
malarial fevers occurred among the whites.
The third and fourth quarter of the year brought
the usual number of cases of malarial fevers, but no
heavy death rate from fevers prevailed at any time.
13
194 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
In all that territory bounded by Bay and Anderson
and East Broad and West Broad streets, but six deaths
occurred from malarial fevers ; deaths in hospitals are
not included. Deaths in hospitals are excluded be
cause many persons are brought from the country, and
from the sections of the city knowTn as the Old Fort
and Yamacraw.
The total number of deaths from all malarial fevers
were eight, being an increase of nine ovej the previous
year.
By reference to diagram showing prominent causes
of death, it will be observed that the most prominent
cause of death is from Phthisis Pulmonalis, there
being one hundred and forty-one, or over 13 per cent
of the total number of deaths.
Pneumonia follows with sixty-one, or .05 per cent of
the total.
The annual ratio per thousand of deaths from all
zymotic diseases was 3.15, which, wdth the exception
of 1888 when it was 2.92, is the lowest in the his
tory of the city.
No diseases have existed in epidemic form.
CONTAGIOUS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
The majority of physicians report promptly cases of
infectious or contagious diseases coming under their
notice or professional care ; others either lack the in
clination or the time to make such report.
It will be noticed that Lin the table below, that no
mention is made of typhoid fever. It has not been the
custom to report cases of that disease, but I shall
endeavor to get a correct report of all cases of typhoid
fever existing in the city during the year 1890. The
following table will show the number of cases of in
fectious diseases reported to my office with recoveries
and deaths:
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 195
DISEASES.
No. of
Cases.
Recov
eries.
Deaths.
Diphtheria 24
5
5
18
4
5
6
Measles
Scarlatina
1
It is doubtful if there is a city in the United States
that could make a better showing than the above ex
hibit. Of the ten deaths occurring during the year
from typhoid fever, five were of people who contracted
the disease elsewhere.
Diphtheria has occurred less frequently than in pre
vious years; for a space of four months not a single
case was reported.
Measles and scarlet fever have so decreased in preva
lence, that their absence has attracted the attention of
the medical profession and the laity. *
MORTALITY.
The mortality among the whites was slightly in
excess of that of 1888 in actual numbers and in annual
ratio per thousand; the number of deaths were three
hundred and eighty-four (384), and the annual ratio
per thousand 11.63.
As usual the death rate among the negroes was
double that of the whites, the number of deaths being
685, and annual ratio per thousand being 25.37.
This ratio is the lowest known, although it is sus
ceptible of improvement.
The annual ratio per thousand of the whole, based
on a population of sixty thousand (60,000), is 17.81.
The great number of deaths among the colored people
coming under the head of undefined, is a subject for
serious consideration. All deaths coming under this
196 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
head occur w^here there are no attending physician,
and no satisfactory explanations are made concerning
the sickness of the decedents.
It will be noticed that two hundred and thirty per
sons have died without medical attention.
In the majority of such deaths the relatives of the
deceased persons are to blame, as they often neglect
to seek medical advice.
In some cases that I have carefully examined, I have
detected the most inhuman neglect on the part of ne
gro parents.
While it is a disagreeable duty to perform, I would
also say that many negroes die because they are unable
to secure medical advice.
Provision has been made by ordinances of the city
to provide medical attention for those persons who are
unable to pay for medical attendance.
Of the two hundred and thirty (230) deaths occur
ring where no physician was in attendance, seventythree were east of a line drawTi from north to south
using Bull street as the line, and one hundred and fiftyseven west of that line.
I have before spoken of this matter. I now reluc
tantly embody the above facts in this my annual
report.
CITY WASTES.
The city continues to remove its garbage to a place
of deposit at a point well removed from the city limits.
That the Scavenger Department does its work
thoroughly, is undoubtedly true, but it is not possible
to remove waste matter far enough from this or any
other town, and to remove the danger of its influence.
Believing this, the city authorities allowed a Mr.
Hughes to experiment with a crematory, which he
built at the western end of Gwinnett street, at his own
expense. This crematory, I am sorry to say, did not
successfully destroy garbage and the structure has
been removed. A representative from the Engel Cre-
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 197
matory appeared before City Council setting forth the
advantages of that furnace, but there was no evidence
shown that the Engel crematory had been successfully
operated by a city.
The Engel Company erected two of their furnaces
at Brunswick, Ga., and Jacksonville, Fla. If I am
correctly informed, both of these crematories proved
to be failures. I witnessed the destruction of garbage
by the crematory at Jacksonville in the month of
March, and was courteously shown its working by Mr.
Morse, of the Engel Company. It destroyed-the garbarge with no apparent odor, and, at the time, was
thought to do its work w
r
ell and cheaply. On account
of the intense heat required for the destruction of the
material to be consumed, it was evident that the life
of this furnace would be short, if used, as it should be,
daily.
The Moerz System at Buffalo, seems to be more
highly thought of than any other manner of destroy
ing garbage, a description of it here would be too
lengthy. It has perfected an apparatus for the de
struction of night soil, which would solve a trouble
some question here.
It is to be hoped that before the end of another year,
a successful crematory will be in operation, as our
city has grown over one old dumping deposit. The
present scavenger carts are not adapted to the carry
ing of offensive and decomposing material, as they are
open, and the streets are full of effluvia after the pass
ing of one or more of them. These wagons should
have closed compartments with apertures on top,
which should be closed, except when receiving a de
posit from a garbage barrel or box.
SANITARY INSPECTION.
For years the sanitary inspection of the city has
been under the charge of the Police Department, and
the work was prosecuted between the months of April
198 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
and December. The reports of such an inspection
could hardly be satisfactory.
In July you appointed two sanitary inspectors, act
ing under instructions from my office. These inspecsors have been making a house to house inspection
continuously, Sundays excepted, and are required to
inspect one hundred premises daily. Under the old
regime, during the winter months, as there was no in
spection of premises, nuisances accumulated to an
alarming extent. Many complaints about nuisances
have bee"n received at my office during the year, which
have received the necessary attention they demanded.
The following is a copy of the blank used by the
Sanitary Inspectors in their daily rounds :
REPORT OF SANITARY INSPECTOR.
Name of Inspector.
Lot No Street.
Level of Lot
Sewer Connection
Level of ground under house ....
Disposition of Waste Water
Condition of Stable
What
How often
receptacle
is Garbage
is used
removed
for Garbage
?
?
Sanitary Condition of Yard
PRIVIES.
Need Cleaning
Need
Construction
Disinfection
of Building
''
Is
Distance
it abused
from
by
Sleeping
occupant
Apartments
of house ?
Distance from nearest Sewer
WATER CLOSETS.
Sewer Connection or Dry Well
Dry Well in Yard or Street
Condition of Dry Well
STREETS AND LANES.
Condition of Streets and Lanes adjacent
Excavation without Official Permission
Remarks:
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 199
These inspection blanks have shown some remark
able statistics, and are kept in the official files of my
office for reference. Two inspectors cannot go over
the ground often enough, and I would respectfully
recommend the appointment of two additional ones.
The winter has been remarkably mild, and promises
to remain so, and it behooves us to place the city in
the best sanitary condition possible before the summer
arrives, as, in my opinion, a city in this climate should
be fortified against sickness in the summer by sanitary
measures taken during the preceding winter and
spring.
The owners of property have, as a rule, cheerfully
complied with instructions from this office relative to
abatement of nuisances, but in some instances I have
been compelled to seek redress from the Police Court,
as the Information Docket will show.
' FOOD SUPPLY.
The City Market is in a much improved condition.
A separate sewer has been laid from the building to
the river, and it is now possible for the building to
obtain a thorough cleaning, larger service pipes for
water having replaced the small ones so long used in
the building, and waste pipes connecting with the new
sewer can now quickly take off the water' used in
washing the upper and lower floors.
I have condemned nearly all the old, filthy refrigera
tors, which have been placed in a room in the base
ment, and have recommended the removal of all re
frigerators from the apartments set aside for them
The apartment is damp, a white mold forming on
the wood quickly. The structures being out of sight of
purchasers, are covered with dust, and take on other
evidences of neglect.
The refrigerators should be placed on the upper
floor m full view of the public, with each man's name
on his property. I would also suggest that no one be
200 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
allowed to place a refrigerator in the market before
presenting a plan of said refrigerator to the Board of
Sanitary Commissioners for their approval. I strongly
advocate the employment of an assistant to the Clerk
of the Market. The Clerk, as the custodian of that
building, should be held responsible for its sanitary
condition, and for the wholesomeness of the food pro
ducts sold therethe sanitary condition of the market
imperatively demands such a man.
MILK.
A census was taken of the cows kept in the city
during the past summer. It was found that over two
hundred were housed in the city limits. Separate
blanks describing each cow stable, its condition, etc.,
are in the files of my office.
The following is the copy of one used for that in
spection. The returns were obtained by the two Sani
tary Inspectors :
INSPECTION OF COW LOT.
No. Lot .... Name of Street
Name of Owner of Cows
Number of Cows in Lot
Area of Space of Yard
Area of Space of each Stall
Are the Cows sent to Pasture? If so, what Pasture?
What is Water Supply of Pasture?
What
On what
is the
are
Disposal
the Cows
of
Fed
Manure
?
and Urine ?
How
How soon
often
after
are the
being
Cows
brought
Milked
from
?
Pasture are they Milked ?
What Vessels are used to Convey Milk to Customers?
At what hours is Milk Delivered?
If taken in Wagon, is it Covered?
Condition of Cows.
Condition of Milking Utensils
Condition of Lot ...
Condition of Stable and Stalls
Many of the cow lots inspected were found to be
in a filthy condition, but as they were no filthier than
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 201
the people themselves, it was a natural sequence.
Several owners of cows were brought before your
Honor, disregarding sanitation, and summarily dealt
with. I do not belifeve that there is any extensive
adulteration of milk, other than the use of a handy
pump or well, but at times during the months of May
and June, the milk sold here may be a factor in the
diarrhoeal diseases which prevail then and later dur
ing the summer months.
FRUITS.
The crops of fruits indigineous to this country were
in superabundance last summer, and, as a consequence,
the market was often glutted with the overripe fruit
eagerly sought after by the negro population.
A new fruit trade having been opened up with Cen
tral America, much of the refuse bananas and oranges
are ravenously devoured by loafing negroes.
As far as it is possible to do so, the firms importing
the fruit have driven these crowTds from their vessels.
During the watermelon season, it is a hard matter to
keep River street clear of the melon rinds, and at
times the Market dock is covered with decaying melon
refuse.
PRIVY VAULTS.
These vaults have occasioned the usual apprehen
sion, regarding their potency as producers of disease.
So far as it is possible they have been carefully looked
after, having been disinfected with a strong solution
of the mercuric-bfthloride and deordorized with a
preparation known as phenyle.
This work has been done under the supervision of
Mr. W. J. Cleary, the efficient Superintendent of the
O. E. M. Department.
Some of these vaults were constructed years ago,
and their deodorization was of short duration, as the
202 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
wood work and bricks used in their construction were
thoroughly saturated with the smell of foecal matter.
A census was made of these vaults by the Sanitary
Inspectors last summer, which shewed that there were
3,812 within the city limits, and of that number 721
needed cleaning.
Many of these vaults exist in direct violation of the
ordinance passed in October, 1887, compelling all
owners of property having privy vaults located not
exceeding 300 feet from a public sewer to make con
nection with the said sewer and to abandon the privy
vaults. I have served notices on many owners of
property having such privy vaults, and there is a gen
eral disposition on the part of the owners of property
to comply with the ordinance.
Some of the privy vaults in that part of Yamacraw
nearest to the Ogeechee Canal are very shallow and re
quire cleaning very often. At the same time there is
not a water closet on the market which would be
adapted for the use of the ignorant population that
reside in that locality. There are others on or near
East Broad street, that on account of their shallowness,
I shall endeavor to do away with before the winter is
past.
WATER WAYS AND DRAINAGE.
The Ogeechee Canal, now under control of the Cen
tral Railroad of Georgia, is in a much better sanitary
condition than I have ever known it to be from the
railroad bridge to the Savannah River.
The eastern bank has been raised several feet and
strengthened ; the vegetation once growing so rankly
in that stream has been removed and there is every
indication that the canal will be in constant commu
nication with the river, which will tend to freshen its
waters. The Central Railroad Company has filled in
all that space once occupied by the old water works,
and has filled in a considerable area of the low lands
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 203
surrounding their wharves and warehouses. This
cannot fail to have a good effect on the health of the
railroad employes and of the people living contiguous
to that locality.
The work of draining the lands and swamps sur
rounding the city is being vigorously prosecuted by
the County Commissioners, and the city of Savannah
owes much to this work, as it is the principal factor
in reducing the number and intensity of attacks of
malarial fever. The Bilbo Canal has been disinfected
and deordorized at regular periods during the summer
months.
On account of its intersecting the most popular
shell road leading from the city, it is still ah object of
unfavorable comment.
During the month of April, the Barnard street
sewer was thoroughly cleaned out. Too much credit
cannot be given Alderman Harmon for the rapidity
with which this work was done, but the sewer is badly
constructed, and should be done away with.
That part of the sewer which is most faulty in con
struction, passes within fifty yards of the Barnard
Street Grammar School, where several hundred child
ren daily congregate.
I would here mention that the sewer ran within a
few feet of the old surface well in Chatham Square, .
and before that well was abandoned, those persons
drinking water from the well must have had a special
dispensation from Providence to have escaped a visi
tation of typhoid fever.
We cannot sufficiently appreciate the good accom
plished by the abandonment of these wells, and the
substitution of artesian water.
VITAL STATISTICS.
In my Statistical Tables, I have endeavored to present
in detail the information necessary to show those in
terested in our healthfulness, how we have improved
204 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
in the last few years, and what our relative position is
with contagious or infectious diseases, compared with
other cities with about the same population. (See
colored charts).
As I exchange mortuary statistics with nearly every
city having a population of twenty thousand people,
or over, the figures are correctly given.
I have been unable to furnish a table correctly classi-
fying the different diseases, as some of the diagnoses
upon the death certificates are vague, and often repre
sent symptoms attributed to several diseases.
Teething, dropsy, moribund, etc., are not diseases,
and I am often at a loss to know how to treat death
certificates. By an ordinance introduced by Dr. R. B.
Harris, all physicians and midwives are compelled to
report all births occurring in their practice. This
law has never been carried out during the past year.
The medical profession, always glad to cooperate with
the city authorities in carrying out laws which touch
their profession, have aided me by promptly report
ing cases coming under their notice. Most of the in
telligent midwives have also reported cases happening
under their care, but there is a small army of ignorant
"grannies," or negro midwives, who carry on a large
and nefarious business, killing many infants among
the colored people who, if left alone, would survive.
These persons can neither read nor wTite, and when
I find them attending negro women, plead ignorance
of the new law, and afterwards carefully conceal their
work,
There were, as will be seen by the table, one hun
dred and fifty-six (156) still and premature births
among the negro women during the year 1889.
A negro woman by nature is a good breeder of chil
dren ; strong and healthy, not malformed by fashion
able methods of dressing so prevalent among the
whites, she should be less apt to bear a dead child
than a white w
Toman.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 205
The annual ratio per thousand of still births and
premature births among the negroes this year 5.78.
The following comparative table will show that Sa
vannah leads several Southern cities in chis respect:
Name of City. Colored
Population.
Savannah. Ga . .
Charleston, S. C.
Atlanta, Ga. . . .
Macon. Ga. . . .
25.000
33,000
22,000
10,000
Number of
Still and Prema
ture Births.
130
166
95
19
Annual Ratio.
5-20
5-03
4-31
1.90
These figures are for the year 1888. The ratio for
Savannah this year, has increased to 5.78 and it will
continue to grow until measures are taken to prevent
the killing of colored infants in utera.
A midwife law, requiring all persons practicing the
calling of midwifery, to pass a satisfactory examina
tion before a medical board, should be passed, with a
heavy penalty for violations of that law.
The statistics of my office have been made more re
liable by the passing of an ordinance during the year
compelling undertakers or other persons superintend
ing the removal of bodies of deceased persons from
the city for interment, to obtain a permit for such
removal.
Formerly an undertaker would simply obtain the
death certificate of the attending physician, and ship
the body away, and no record was left of the death in
the office of the Health Officer. As twenty-five or
thirty such removals occur every year, the missing
deaths would have some effect in increasing the
motuary reports of former years.
MARITIME QUARANTINE.
No changes have been made in the regulations gov
erning this service during the year. Yellow fever
having broken out at several ports on the Atlantic
206 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
coast of Spain, vessels from these ports were detained
as coming from infected ports.
The work of the Quarantine Officer has been in
creased by the large number of vessels arriving during
the year. A large percentage of these vessels come
to this port seeking cargoes, and anchor in the outer
roads at Tybee until their masters consummate a
charter or determine to go elsewhere to load.
The outer roads are some distance from the resi
dence of the Quarantine Officer, and it takes that
official about five hours or more to "make the round
trip. He goes to these vessels in a seventeen-foot
skiff, pulled by two men. Often five to ten vessels
arrive in one day, and the inspection of these vessels
occupies the entire day.
On account of the exposed location of the outer
roads, this journey is a hazardous one to make in such
a boat used by the Quarantine Officer. Very often
the weather for several days does not allow him to
board vessels, and serious delays are occasioned.
Masters of vessels have repeatedly brought their
grievances to me regarding this delay. The papers
of the city have teemed with the lack of facilities at
the Quarantine Station, and the Citizens Sanitary As
sociation has placed the administration of the Quar
antine Station under constant inspection for the pur
pose of advertising its deficiencies.
An inspector of that association boards every ves
sel arriving at the city from our station, catechises
the masters as to the extent of their grievances, and
the inspector then publishes the views of the masters
on our quarantine service.
Statements of their leaving healthy ports, bringing
clean bills of health, and undue detention by neglect
on the part of the Quarantine Officer, have been pre
sented to the public ad libitum.
Armed with such statements, the Citizens' Sanitary
Association, preferred charges against the Quarantine
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 207
Officer. A full investigation was made of the charges,
the result of which was a complete exoneration of that
official.
The system of espionage on the part of the Citizens'
Sanitary Association, is still being carried on, and the
complaints of masters of vessels will continue to be
heard just as long as Savannah continues to exist.
The question of clean bills of health has been so often
spoken of, that I would bring to your attention the
value of such a paper.
In the year 1885, when cholera was raging in Spain,
and existed at Gibraltar, the English steamship Sylvia
left that port for Savannah, with a clean bill of health,
signed by United States Consul Sprague. The Health
Officer of the city, the late Dr. J. T. McFarland,
ordered that vessel to the National Quarantine Station
at Sapelo, and brought the attention of the National
Government to Consul Sprague's action. I have seen
clean bills of health from Santos, Bahia, and even
Rio Janiero. They are known as "gold bills," cost
ing but little, and worth, to me, nothing. Another
complaint against the Quarantine Officer, has been
that he refused masters of vessels permission to come
to the city to transact their business, because he had
not made an inspection of vessels and crew. In other
words the Quarantine Officer should pass masters of
vessels, subject to quarantine, to the city before inquir
ing into the sanitary condition of crews and vessels,
when from the fact that the vessels are subject to
quarantine, implies suspicion and possibly infection.
Before I leave this subject, I would say for my
self, that I do not object to the warfare made by the
Citizens' Sanitary Association upon the service I am
responsible for, as I feel that I have conscientiously
done my duty, but I deplore the fact that the attacks
are made at the instigation of men belonging to the
medical profession. I have at least the consolation of
knowing, that these attacks are not supported by but
208 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
few of my profession, and are condemned without
stint by a majority of physicians.
The commerce of Savannah has outgrown our facili
ties for handling vessels.
The following figures will show the increase of arri
vals during this year over 1888. During the year
1888, two hundred and eighty-two vessels passed in
spection, or were detained for disinfection and the
discharge of ballast, while three hundred and seventyone arrived at the station this year. Our Quarantine
Station has been so badly located, and so poorly
equipped, that since my incumbency as Health Offi
cer, I have not ceased to plan improvements.
At the present time we have three wharves on Long
Island that are not properly constructed for the rapid
discharge of ballast, and on account of their prox
imity to the channel, but five vessels are allowed to
come to the wharves at a time.
The Quarantine Officer lives nearly a mile from the
wharves, and cannot superintend the employes.
The apparatus for disinfection is obsoleteworking
with great slowness.
In March I prepared a paper setting forth the re
quirements of a quarantine station necessary for the
commerce of the City of Savannah.
In this paper I have advocated the building of at
least two wharves on the lower end of Long Island,
with the most improved facilities for the rapid dis
charge of ballast; the erection of the residence of the
Quarantine Officer in full view of wharves ; the pur
chase of a steam tug for the fumigation and disinfec
tion of vessels, and for boarding vessels in the roads.
The plans for these wharves are under preparation
in the office of the City Engineer, and I feel certain
that the necessary provision in the year's budget will
be made for the establishment of a first-class station.
The property at the present station is in good re
pair ; the steam hoister has done the work required of
it with but a few trifling repairs.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 209
Thirty cents per ton was first charged for the hoist
ing of ballast, but later on the charge was reduced to
twenty cents per ton.
Twenty-five cents per ton is a most reasonable figure,
and I would recommend that charge when the new
wharves are constructed.
A house has been erected on the present wharves
for the engineer of the hoisting engine and other em
ployes. The residence of the Quarantine Officer, sit
uated at the old Oyster Bed Station, is in good repair,
but on account of the removal of ballast surrounding
it, the water from the river now flows underneath it at
high tide.
During the year several thousand tons of rock from
around that building, was sold to Messrs. Green &
Gaynor, to sink mats, which form the jetties in the
river.
A skiff for the use of the Quarantine Officer was
purchased during the year. The Naptha launch is in
good repair, and should be used for the daily mail ser
vice, and for carrying provisions to the Quarantine
Officer and employes. I would suggest that a com
petent man be employed to take charge of this boat,
as she requires care, and should not be handled by
more than one man, who should thoroughly under
stand her machinery. The Tow Boat Company has
kindly taken all mail for the Quarantine Station de
livered at their office, and has brought to the city mail
sent from the station. The Quarantine Station has
been under the immediate supervision of Dr. E. G.
Lind. This official I would commend for faithful
work during the year. There are few persons who
thoroughly appreciate his isolation, and often the dis
agreeable work of boarding vessels in the cold wind
and rain in an open boat.
The National Government is thoroughly equipping
the South Atlantic Station at Sapelo Sound with
every facility for handling infected vessels sent there
210 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
from the diffel-ent local stations. Six vessels were
sent to that station during the year. Several of these
vessels were Spanish barks from Havana, that had re
mained along side of some of the worst wharves in that
city, and had taken in infected ballast. Several masters
of these vessels deliberately made false statements to
the pilots bringing them in, thereby causing the de
tention of the pilots at the station.
I am indebted to Surgeon General Hamilton, of the
United States Marine Hospital Service, for much in
formation regarding the health of seaports, so valuable
to the Quarantine Service.
On September 23rd, I permitted the British steam
ship Cairngonn, from several ports in Venezuela, via
New York City, to come to the city after forty-eight
hours at the Quarantine Station, spent in disinfection.
This vessel had a case of yellow fever on board
when arriving at New York on September 15th, and
after disinfection at that port came to this port. The
Board of Sanitary Commissioners instructed me to
order this vessel back to the Quarantine Station for
further detention. After a detention of four days she
was again released.
PEST HOUSE.
There was no occasion to use this building at any
time during the year, as there was not a single case of
smallpox known to be in the city. The building is
rapidly decaying, and there is scarcely a habitable
room in it. The keeper takes no interest in keeping
the property in good order, really being too old and
infirm to perform manual labor. He has suffered dur
ing the fall with malarial fever.
The ambulance is in the same condition as the house,
being almost worthless.
The Board of Sanitary Commissioners, with the fol
lowing members : Hon. John Schwarz, Mayor and exofficio Chairman ; Aldermen Herman Myers and R.
Q
<a*
Ci
^5oo
<*) o^
c*
Cbo
<N2
^
!3

J
5 as
% 5? 81 !Q
T) vi <0'
^ f> VO xp <v ")
Q
oO
CJ
Q
fc5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ^
-Js^ ^. *N ^ v
^
^
^
^
* "^ ^ N V v
^
^
^
^
^
O
t
'O ^
oo
00
00
005
00
00
2
00 oo 005
00
00
ts
oo
oo
00
00
00
oo
00

JV? 2
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF DEATHS FROM CONTAGIOUS & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
FOR THE YEAR1888.
mMEOFcmr
ScPOPULATTON
5 /0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ' SO 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 'OO 105 I/O 115 120 12 5 130
TOTAL
DEATHS.
ANNUAL
RATIO PER
1000
POP 57.000
SAVANNAH.GA.
T \ D 'M 20 .30
POP. 1-0.000
PORTLAND.ME.
T D Si 22 .55
POP. 25.000
MACON, GA.
T D 14 .56
POP. 50. 000
READING. PA.
T D s 48 .96
POP. 50.000
UTICA. N.Y.
T T) S W\ 89 1 27
POP. +1.000
MANCHESTER, N.H.
T n jsj M 52 1.27
POP. 78. 000
WORCESTER, MASS.
T T> S u 108 1.3 6
POP. 51.000
LYNN, MASS.
T o s M 73 1.43
POP. 60. OOO
CHARLESTON, S.C.
T
-
D : M 63 I.SO
POP. St. OOO
HARTFORT.CONN.
T D S K 88 1.73
POP. 65.000
ATLANTA. GA.
T Q, S H 1 24 1.90
T. Typhoi(LFe\>en D.DipthjerioL S. ScarUkFever. if.Measles.

1
o
<s
3:
5;

Oi

s
o
<")
o
N
O
v. i? ^ 3 Si 3 s 8; s t? S3 5 5:
- - -
-
\-
-- -- - -- - - - - -1 1 [tt

MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 211
B. Harris, M. D., Messrs. George L. Cope, Sr., J. F.
Wheaton, and J. R. Saussy and W. F. Brunner,
M. D., Health Officer and ex-offido Secretary, have
met regularly, with additional special meetings.
The monthly reports of deaths have been issued
regularly.
I would recommend that for the convenience of
merchants and others having business with the Health
Officer, on quarantine matters, an office in the City
Exchange be given him.
I belive that the quarantine service would be aided
if the Health Officer could have an office where he
could be conveniently near the centre of business.
I would here thank you for your uniform courtesy
in your official intercouse. I am indebted to other
city officials for their co-operation. I would here
thank Mr. HowTard, of the City Engineer's office, for
his delineation of charts, and for his work on col
ored charts of this report.
I am, very respectfully,
W. F. BRUNNER,
Health Officer.
212 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT
ivxox
QMvao
^ J>1- tf rn i- co in co TH - ss N cc -
TH rf lO i- rf ^
S" com - 00
1TXOX
CJ 1 r^ -TJ. Mr-^OO^WT-i^O ' OO -H ^ OJ.-. ^ T-I ^ (D -H j ' 3! ^ 1
W
OD ^ ^M^lM ^ ^0-H ^j T-OTO I-H rf T-H eo TH co ^H M n ^ CO JrHtas<
&a J8qUI8D9a "
-
i-i . . -rilN
: : : : " . : :
^
,~' : : : : i
1-
*
CO i-l c l-HTH . '"' ; ;"
s
6^
jaqraaAON "
w
i :'"' : :
rt
; ; ;
^ : : : : :
<N :^ : :w
ai
jaqojDO
o ^ CO . -TO :"'"' : . : : :
CO -T-*
^ fc
- :
Oi l-H -l-H
-
CO : ;c*
OS jaqmaadas
Q : i" : : : : : : .** in . . ^
^ ^ : : : '.^ : :
THOT '"':;;
PS
jsnany "1 l-t -!-( -TH
1-1 :
<?i ..,_.. .(H w
: : :
is *l i
1
^
> me l' ^ CO -i-* ^.co
-'.-^
CO
*
*i-t : . '.i
~
t
. :" ^ : :
w
" : i
ft.
e aanf o
^
CO -rHr-r-l ^ : in <MTH .
:" i ;" ^ : : i
1-1 : : :
d . '.^ .-H .rn Ifll-t -1-1
inH
1-1 : : \
1~'
CO CO
i-< ; :M Ci '.^ : : : '.^ rf
M
: : :
ludy
1-1 :--(Oi . . . . >a
ac
^ : :" co
rr qojeK
; ;'""' : . ; : :w
:^ :
r
"
1
& ^ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '. : Oi -f-CrH eo
"~rr:
ijEtuqaj
9
rHM -T-I ^ .
"^ &: ^ :::::::: :
TH
*::::
^
XjenuBf o
TH " : : :w
:::::. : ^ : : ;
IR *
i*-1 ; : : : : . ^ : : : i
1-
*
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 213
. * TH to Oi OS TH T-. CO O i-J -THrfO* -rf ON -OTHrHTHOi -CO -NTH
^i-( -THOi^D rf^' -QOTH OITHI-' -I-H -T-I co (N'OrKr-i C* TH in TH -^ COCOmi-" -^ iHi-HOirf
TH dim
SI
=1
8*
rt rt o rt _
QQPQQfiPPfib'w
'C ^ S .2
sags
.9
Sg
3 3
> D.
-3 tSSS.! M
iSS; * O O -
3000
= 0.73
HiP.s'e.
S fl s:
^ . ^ t- u
fi co cu a; OJ a> n
OJ a;
ti >>.> > : >
rt S
5 S ca a s S 8 a.Ew= 5
214 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
TTIOX 1
dNYHO I
C*t-.-iOO .^-OT .^.^THC p^. -^NN
ITiOX l^h- m TH -^ co I-H T-ITH TH
jaqrasooa ifc
aaqmaAON l ICOI-H
OTH '"
Ijaqtaajdag \ -
i^
3sn3nv ',\*
Anri
^H ',;
n-idv I
qoj^H |
jfjBruqai
Amnme I
!fc
O
o OB3
t co m
i Oj
&.s
3
o g..2 a
^ L. t- aj ^e o s
u
a . . s sa M a a.a H " 5 S
H
S 8, -s
|| %%% e S'S'S'sE la'S'Ssl^ 1 g 1
jjjjgggasaiSHzzzoooa.n.cM
.SB'S
: 3 u.
. o a o
--=
:S :p5a
S B B
; < o o
>ffiSH
JJ= 3 B
111 8
: 53.2
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 215
-CSTHWN , CJ
HCOT-oi w
1-11-1 ^HM - ji- : : i
50
: i
::::":::: :|S
CO
CO
. . . . . . . -CO
1-1
TH : w 1 to
::::-:: : :- : jg
1 N
| rp
TH | O
j CC
:::.::..": I rf
i CO
........>. i at
: jSI
i
1-1 : :
...-. 1 rf
^ :
1 CO
- CO
TH -OTH s
. . .ot ! rf
j rj.
: :
r
-
,
-
,
:- :S . : jg
i
1
^ :
- 1 CO
1 >T
; ; ; ; CO - -O
S
^ ; : JS
. . . -rf -i-HXi 1
-TH ::::::: ^ : s
- : : : :* : : : :
1 Ci
l-H TH ...!> TH . | rf
rf
:'""' : JS
<D a^ >. >. a) a o u t^^s B t. t. o
O o
O 3
216 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
PS
<
s
tn
a
o
<
paJO
-loo PUB samM. SSSSSSSfTSSSS 1
Wx
O ^SSSgSSSSgSS |
6: SSgS^SSSSSSa? |
Oot -18*0
o
i-i ; | TH j : rn j TH 1 rji
; ; ;
: : ; ; : ;
:
i ;
'001 PDB 06
o| ' : : ' ' '. i
fel
06 Pn" 08
o
,_, : ;wr^01^^^-, . j oo
ft : : i"^1
: : :w CO
08 POT oi
U88AV5aa
0 THi-tGirfcOCOTHrfinrfWM i CO
^1- ini-<oioi |THGD g
OiPi^OQ
uaai^aa
oh cs( co oi rr co oi oi oi TH ^H j gs
^
IN m m co co eo TJ-TH co co TH os 1 ao
09 p OS
o moiweocoTHTHM^co^m g
Es THNt-OiW^OiTHl-HTHini-H g
'OS PDB Of"
o
^coTHiOrfTHOint>rfin< s
^
oiinOTTj-oiTfini-icoTHrf s
OP Pn 08
o
eow^'Cicot-fc-corfrfioin s
> 1 COCOM^TOTj-t-COint-Tj'^ oo
'08 pan OS
uaaMiag
0 iasCKDio-^coacco^o^o jg
^
Oi "^ eo rf rr M co Mi-^ rf o* 1 os
08 pnu 01
naaajaa
O 'd'cocoi-HCDOiin-^'Mcoino le;
^
^1 I i^,^^-, I r-. W TH I-H r-i 1 I-H
01 Pn S
O jiococo oi m TH eo I-H IH I-H loo
n8JH8a
CO TH Oi Oi TH Oi-H ioirHOi i tSPUBg
naaAijaa

"^THl-HCOt-THini-OiTH j Tf
1 CO
^ :
^H JTHlH j TH M TH IcO
g pan i
naaMjaa
Q j I-H i-no eo c-oi io i> co co o i loo
^ j 'mt-corfc-tOTH,-.,.-. lo
japnn
^ T-comoffl ooiiomMxi CO
^j" m m co * co oi t-co w oo 1 m
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 217
I
so
o
^
tl

<15 Si
^
6
o
Z
B
0
5
J=:
CL ^- <r> O co ui rf r- inO r^O O
JS rt rf -. rf Ci "-H
ti Q-S
<D
Q
s s
mOO r^w r--i>r^r-ir>c>
O^ rtrfcnw CICIN incnw M
J=^
OHH
*l-3m- Typh Malai Feve
OO I-I co mNO N M MCO
r^co oo Oco OO M ^.^DvO
1 Hi MM
(_
ID T3
Q. <U MCO <N cr*u">r**rtaoco O r*-
O
"O O cO
moo r>. c^ OO in O *
O
O
rfmin^cncncn^i- cno m
58 cn M a
IH
t-^cntOCi rfOt^M M mm
r^ rfO
c cnminooor^cni^.
c
NMMMMMin>HM
O mmo Ocnoeoco mm
coco O rfmO mm O^O co
o co o r-so i>*o o r>vo o
o
O
U
J3
CO O m O Ci n M )_) M n O
o M in m o o o
M O r^-co o M M M vO o o
m m ino O O O O co m r^
CO O rf rf o (N O m-O O O
O w M M coo o r^ cn O O
rf IN M moo co r^o M o O
OO M Ci COrfmO r^-oo o
r^-co cocococococooocooo
oococooooooocococoonco
218 MAYORS ANNUAL REPORT.
8
e<?s
^
HO
0
^
05
'e
SQ
<o
f2
TOOX pnBJ) COOOrr in^-eo ^ ??" CD
1 s
io COCDCOCOOOTH co eo 1 co
CO
1^ eooicooicooi TH COTH eo j ^i
CO i 1 1
o
i"1-1 :
.-. ... 1 SO
1
^
THTH T^TH : - : :r
!
o
THrH i-ioi Tl Oi 1 00
' ' 1
1* THOi . CO
'1
JOQOIOO ' 1 '
!& " : : : : :j
1 G
Oi 1 Oi
. . . ,
i^ :" I TH
. . . j
Q I
1-1 : : : : ! ^
& ^ :
TH 1 Oi)
T-CO'THT-l -ICOl
' ' ' 1
1^ -m . . m
! o
i-"- : :
-H | CO
1
I* : : : p
1 o
TMW ^-^H TH . . 1 CO
' '1
2
l
1
"
1 T- . . . | Oi
'1
* Io : : : j :
1^
oi TH . . i eo
! = qojBH 1
1 o
;-- ; j
. . I ^
1* : : . : :
TH . Oi i eo
I o
: : : : : :: :| :
l'^ ::-:: : :: :j
i>TjlO M" in
TH 01
"#inM
corf
- ,*
Tf OiCO
THMTH
OiTH
eooios'
1~
,
^ :
QOi-HTf '""'
OiCO
O -CO
Oi-H .
.-^H .
C
* WOH fi,*
ill CO g^
=3 rt
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 219
LONGEVITY.
The following decedents, agedio years, and upward, are reported for 1889.
WHITE, MALES. AGE.
H. C. Stevens 77
Joseph M. Fernandez 70
John McDonnell . . . . - . .76
Alvin N. Miller 74
John Kiley 71
James White 72
Thomas Lenahan 71
Elisha Parsons 82
N. Monier 76
Thomas Henderson 70
Philip Duffy 72
John T. Thomas 70
Robert Jackaway 70
John R. Smith 74
John Barber 70
Mrs.
Miss
Mrs.
WHITE, FEMALES. AGE.
Ann Law 83
Kugleman 75
Susanna Cole 71
Elizabeth Miller 71
Eugenia Bade 75
Mary Evans 79
L. G. Richards 76
Johanna Sullivan 70
Maria Grady 84
Octavus Coleman .... 78
Mary Redmond 77
Hannah Power 73
Mary Alden 71
Delilah Daly 78
Johanna Walsh 71
Elizabeth Church 89
COLORED, MALES. AGE
Smith Minus 78
William Ingliss 76
Samuel Charlton 75
Thomas Mix 70
Jack Bing 75
George Jenks 90
Joseph Lewis 75
Thomas Harris 72
Henry Burnet 70
Ben Johnson 102
Cuffy Robinson . .70
Thomas Bradley 95
Murray Monroe 71
John Consmer 75
Frank Gillison 70
William Mclver 70
Prince Riley 72
Edward Reeves 70
Ben Butler 84
Andrew Ayres 70
Peter Brown 80
COLORED, FEMALES. AGE.
Minda Miller 100
Launabar Box 77
Delia Ward 95
Maria Young 86
Minnie Mitchell 80
Rosa Law 70
Diana McAllister 77
Diana Taylor 91
Kate Steele 70
Sarah Alston 88
Eupheima Curry 76
Euphemia Robinson 72
Margaret McKeever 87
Annie Ward 88
Clara Heywood 75
Peggy Stevens 70
Harriet Claghorn 73
Eliza Wolford 75
Nellie Wells 105
Daffy Jenkins 90
Harriet Dallas .87
Mary Williams 70
Nancy Roberts 70
Rachel Bart 73
Sallie Walker 70
Celia Anderson 72
Betsy Martin 105
Harriet King 70
Margaret Wallace 78
220 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
00
e
fiQ
"to
e
e
e
8
8
e
0
8
<*i
"to
8
e
8
o*o<
l^iox m O O c^ M
N cn rf M W
CO Ci O t^ O M
MOO
00
cn
CO
paiBSiuinj O M oco mtnco OCi I^C^M
MMM MM .^^NM
o
m
dn passBj mOM m^o mrft-smrnco r^
MMMM M^-cnN
m
Ci
sjguooqag w -^ rf CO Ci M ' M CD s
sSug * W * ci ' M -^ M Ci
sjtJEa O OMCO O * O cnrfCi M rf MMCOMMMMMMNCiCi Ci
Ci
sdiqg '."'.'." * ' * ' M Ci u,
sdmsuiEaig * <o N CO M t^ rf 00
w CO cn ,
*
T3
T3
^
s
Q o>
^^ Z
Ci en J
Ct
C o
o O
u
t^ 4)
j:
CO o o
CO CO O
s s
o
H
Oi
05
00
oo
TO
cd
w
ffl
S
w
0
w
Q V*
in
0
o
z
OO
Ml w
p Q
z
w O
Z
w -
" Cl
CO
W w
I! Q
h H
H
<:
J
0
<
D
J
<
O
O
0
0
u
od
w
H
w
2
O
<
z
z
>
<
jo aSBiuaDJQd i
AXiaiwnH aAixviaal
S
O 4J
e
o
S
a
y
<u
Q
( )[aiin3jql saaiaaa ni)
asnxvaadwsx wvaw
W
u
K
D
M
0)
W
K
0.
C -
<u ^
7 OJ
W g
s
uEare
aSuta siniosqv
OOOOOOOOOOOO
oo oo SRo r-cooooo r^coen
OOOOOOOOOOOO
^- in * -r ^f * m-S-in^-
r^ <y. o oo O
SIEQ
OOOOOOOOOOO
w c^ ^i* in in r.vO m ^t N cn
31KQ
uinuiixB]^
oo r^. i^. ci O O ^- ^ M co ^
OOOOOOOOOOOO
O M r^O OOmO w r-^cni^-
O co r-oo OOOO 003 co r->
UB9^ XmiUOJIJ
r^o cnoo O Oco o coeico
M co O m cOO ,
-
,
r^ m rf O O^ vr>rfir>0 r^t^-oo r-r~-0 u-im
9UHy 3jn[osqv
rf m o m M OoO O cn r^- Ci O
oo oo OO m rf c; o m mco "">
si^a
p9AJ3SqQ 1S3A\0T
OOOOOOOOOOOO
r^-co OO O r-^omOO MO oj^-cicnMMMCi ciCi
cico inTr^OcoO OcnOco
u-^o co mo r^r^-QOOOO O
OOOOOOOOOOOO ciwciciwciaciciCiCiCi
31BQ I w ci d
m m m O NoOco O ^
psAjssqQ IsaqSiH I OOOOOOOOOOOO cncneocncoeocncocncnenci
4! <*
c
O
T- oo
2
Owco N COOO Ci
OMCO OOO OO
OO OOOO OO cicncicicicncicn
O O moo O O O M
OOOO ci ci cn cn
O Q
O O
o o m v*
n
r
1- & i.sz &
ET rt 17 S u p c
C-grtD.rtr'=3S'uOO

MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 221
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ODOR
LESS EXCAVATING MACHINE.
SAVANNAH, GA.. January 1, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor:
SIRI have the honor to transmit herewith my re
port as Superintendent of the Odorless Excavating
Machine Department, from January 1st to December
31st, 1889.
The number of vaults cleaned from January 1st to
December 31st, 1889 was 1,356.
The following amount of matter has been removed
from the above vaults for the year ending December
31st, 1889 : 121,416 cubic feet.
The expenses of the Department have been for the
year as follows :
Lime, cement, brick, etc . $ 58 40
Hire of teams 3^89 50
Charcoal, nails, lumber, tools, etc 152 86
Refunded to various parties 62 42
Repair to harness, shoeing, etc 807 00
Forage for stock 1 487 42
Time of hands . 5 (320 67
Superintendent's salary 1,000 00
. . , $12,778 27
Against which was collected for cleaning
and repairing vaults by City Treasurer.. $ 6,346 03
Collected by City Marshal 697 57
Poudrette sold and collected 225 00
To be collected by City Treasurer 666 66
To be collected by City Marshal 180 00
$ 8,115 26
Net cost of Department for the year 1889 . .$ 4,663 01
222 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
There has been one team and hands detailed regu
larly to look after the sanitary condition of Bilbo
Canal, and the surroundings, to disinfect the same
from April to November, and I would further state
that the Department has had to bear the expense of
running the street sweeping machine and sprinkler,
which has been considerable expense, that does not
properly belong to the Department.
Your obedient servant,
W. J. CLEARY,
Superintendent.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 223
REPORT OF SCATENGER DEPARTMENT.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 13, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor:
DEAR SIRBelow find statement of the condition
and cost of maintaining the Scavenger Department for
the year 1889 :
Stock on hand last report thirty-four mules and one
horse, thirty-five head ; bought during year six head,
total forty-one head.
One mule condemned and sold by City Marshal; one
mule condemned and sold to Thomas Bowden; two
mules turned over to O. E. Department ; one mule
died in November of "lockjaw," total five head, de
ducted from forty-one head, leaves thirty-five mules
and one horse on handthirty-six head.
Sixteen wagons and one buggy on hand last report.
One wagon built during year.
* On hand to-day seventeen wagons and one buggy.
EXPENSES
Six head of stock bought $ 1,165 00
Feed bills, thirteen months 4,730 92
Weekly pay rolls 7,558 93
Sunday pay rolls 1,659 75
Superintendent's salary 1,200 00
Rent of lot 600 00
Wagons and repairs to same 1,528 01
Shoeing stock 442 57
Harness and repairs to same 391 38
Hiring extra teams 316 75
224 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Salt for stock $ 14 00
Oil and grease for lamps, harness and
wagons 56 42
Tools, etc 103 72
Medicine and veterinary's bills 76 00
Insurance premium on feed 14 00
Sundries . 17 75
Total outlay $19,875 20
Over twenty thousand loads of garbage was re
moved from the city the past year.
Estimating the population of the city at sixty
(60,000) thousand, makes the cost of running the De
partment three hundred and thirty ($330.00) dollars
for every thousand inhabitants.
When this work was done by contract, it cost much
more per thousand inhabitants. The last time it was
given out this way the price paid was sixteen thous
and and three hundred ($16,300) dollars, the lowest it
was ever done for, and did not include Sunday work.
The contractor received one hundred ($100.00) dollars
extra for each and every Sunday he had the city
cleaned. The past year the cost did not exceed thirtyfive ($35.00) dollars a Sunday, a difference and saving
of sixty-five ($65.00) dollars a week. When run by
contract the city had not exceeding forty (40,000)
thousand population, making the cost of doing the
work over four hundred ($400.00) dollars for each
thousand inhabitants. Quite a difference to ratio now.
Then the contractor only removed a limited amount
of trash from each place, and hauled it a much shorter
distance than it is carried now. The Department re
moves all garbage now, regardless of quantity, and
frequently have taken from three to five loads from
one place, and it has been no uncommon thing for a
driver to go to a house and load his wagon.
I think it but right I should call your attention . to
the extra work done by the Department the past year.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 225
The general cleaning up by the corporation hands in
the spring, as ordered by your Honor, hauling weeds,
cut down throughout the city in the summer, and a
general overhauling of the streets again in the fall,
placed a great deal upon the Department, outside of
the regular work, which necessitated hiring extra
teams.
Again, the Sanitary inspectors going from house to
house, aided by the police, caused citizens to have
their premises kept in a much more cleanly condition
than heretofore.
Then, too, nearly three (300) hundred buildings were
erected during the year, and every house built adds
to the work of the Department.
We have not teams enough to do the work, as it
should be done. Seventeen is only one to every thirtyfive hundred inhabitants.
The last contractor had fourteen teams, with the
city's population not over forty thousand, or one to
every twenty-eight hundred and fifty inhabitants.
The work is heavy, the haul long, the roads sandy,
and in wet weather become almost impassable in
places, the wheels of the wagons frequently sinking
almost to the hubs. But the past six months the
weather has been exceedingly dry and warm, which
was very trying to the stock, causing a good many of
them to become so run down as to unfit them for the
work, and I have been forced to hire extra teams to
carry it on. I therefore suggest the purchase of a few
extra mules, in order to give lame stock, and those
needing it, an occasional rest.
The wagons on hand at the beginning of the year
were the same, with two exceptions, bought from the
last contractor, being " second handed," and the dry
summer, fall and winter we have had, has necessitated
a general overhauling of them, and frequent repairs.
Respectfully submitted,
E. E. CHEATHAM,
Superintendent.
226 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF CITY PHYSICIAN.
EASTERN DISTRICT.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1890.
Hon. John Sclmarz,
Mayor City Savannah :
DEAR SIRI beg leave herewith to submit to you
my annual report as City Physician, of the Eastern
District of Savannah, Georgia, for the year ending
December 31st, 1889.
Total number of patients attended, to whom visits
were made at their own homes, or who were seen at
my officeinclusive of those sent to the various hos
pitals6,660. Of this number 5,397 were visited at
their own homes, and 1,363 were treated at my office
(as per accompanying schedule for each month), giv
ing a daily total average of 18.24 patients seen.
During the year there were 232 patients sent by me
to the various hospitals, viz : 64 to the Savannah
Hospital, 63 to St. Joseph's Infirmary, and 105 to the
Georgia Infirmary.
MONTHLY SCHEDULE OF PATIENTS TREATED FOR 1889.
MONTH.
Januar)' . .
, February .
March . .
April . . . May . . .
June . . .
July . . .
August . .
September
October . .
November
December .
Totals
.c S S
c 0 OG u
s
Q
8-5
0
D 1-
u 0 K Ui i>
5 H.S rt O.
OJ <u
0 > >
H < z <
438 14.12 332 IO.64
611 21.82 527 18.82
70c 22.58 571 lS.41
523 17-43 421 1403
746 24.06 620 20.00
539 17.96 434 14.46
483 15.58 382 12.32
407 13-12 314 IO.I2
557 18.56 400 13-33
654 21.09 540 17.41
472 15-73 398 13.26
530 17.09 458 14-77
6
S
-atE
^O Q
rt SnS
H re O- J:
0) rt d > 4J
Z < Q
106 3-48 2
84 3.00 7
129 4'17 3
102 3-40 1
126 4.06 7
105 3-5 6
101 3.26 5
93 3.00 5
157 5-23 2
114 3.67 3
74 2.47 4
72 2.32 2
.K
18
17
11
18
16
16
20
24
26
24
22
20
232
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 227
From the above tabulated statement, it will be seen
that the daily average of visits paid to jjatients at
their homes was 14.57. Quite a contrast to the aver
age per diem of those treated at my office, averaging
only 3 73 per diem. The months of greatest mortality
were February and May, seven occurring in each. The
last mortality occuring in Aprilone.
The greatest number of patients were treated in
the month of May746, and the least number in the
month of August407.
The deaths for the year were 47, being not 1 per
cent, of those treated. This speaks well for the gen
eral health of the city, inasmuch as during 1888, 6,378
patients were treated by me, with a total of 63 deaths,
and this year, though a greater number applied for
and received advice, fewer deaths have occurred
Artesian Water.
The causes of death were as follows :
CAUSE OF DEATH. No.
Old Age . . 3
Marasmus 6
Moribund 2
Phthisis Pulmonalis 6
Pneumonia 5
Paralysis 3
Strangulated Hernia i
Chronic Diarrhoea 2
Bronchitis 2
Entero-Colitis ". . 3
CAUSE OF DEATH. No.
Laryngeal Diphtheria 1
Typhoid Fever 1
Peritonitis 1
Cholera Infantum 2
Cancer 1
Congestion, Brain 2
Morbus Brightii 3
Teething 1
Mastoid Abscess 1
Osteo Sarcoma 1
There has been during the last year a marked de
crease in fevers of malarial origin, and I trust that in
the near future, we may see the number decreasing
year by year, as we most assuredly will, if the city is
plentifully supplied with pure artesian water, and the'
house drainage, now under contemplation, is faithfully
carried out.
I remain, yours very truly,
W. W. OWENS, M. D.,
City Physician Eastern District, Savannah, Ga.
228 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF CITY PHYSICIAN,
WESTERN DISTRICT.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor of the City of Savannah :
DEAR SIRI have the honor to submit herewith an
official report of the conduct of the City Physician's
office, Western District, embracing the yearjust closed,
which, thanks to a benign Providence, to your admin
istration and to the vigilant Aldermanic board and its
coadjutors, has been free from the visitation of infec
tions and contagions and remarkable for the healthfulness of the citizens. If the city had reason to be
congratulated on its immunity from general and wast
ing diseases in 1888, it has added reasons for congratu
lation after a review of the vital statistics of 1889.
Speaking for the district immediately under my
charge it is certainly worthy of note that, while the
deaths numbered sixty-seven for only the eight
months of my incumbency of the office in 1888, the
deaths for the entire year of 1889, during which
time the population of the district was largely in
creased, were but 48, a decrease from a monthly aver
age in 1888 of 8f deaths per month to an average of
but four per month in 1889.
The minimum, however, has not yet been reached,
and to reach it should challenge the best efforts of
those charged with the sanitation of the city. The
improvements in the Western District have been many
during the year, and a very large area of the district
has been built up, lacking sewerage and drainage.
This is more particularly true of the southwestern por-
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 229
tion of the city, in many portions of which no pro
vision has yet been made for carrying off the stormwater, which, in a season of continuous rains and sue
cessive hot days, would imperil the health and lives
of the people by stagnating and polluting the air.
Some system of drainage is imperatively demanded,
and it should not be delayed in a blind trust to
chance.
I again renew my recommendation, that some pro
vision be made for the aged and infirm, who frequently
apply for admission, to some place of refuge, where
the few remaining years of their life may be passed,
without suffering from a lack of food, clothing and
attention. Unless this class of unfortunates are sick
they cannot be sent to the hospitals, yet their condi
tion and necessities appeal to the sympathy of all
humane people.
During the last year I have issued 310 hospital per
mits, divided among the three institutions, as follows :
Georgia Infirmary 135
Savannah Hospital 99
St. Joseph's Infirmary 76
Total .310
In several instances these permits have been issued
by request of physicians in good standing, and of the
hospital physicians.
The surgical practice of the office during the year
has included the treatment of forty-one incised, con
tused and lacerated wounds, six gunshot wounds, nine
fractures, and I have been called in four cases of accouchment, and in three cases of poisoning.
The deaths for the period embraced in this report
number forty-eight, but it may not be out of place to
state that included in these are some non-residents,
who were not in health at the time of their coming to
the city, and I have been daily importuned by a float-
230 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
ing class, who no sooner reach the city, than they
make their way to the City Physician's office, and
want admission to the hospitals, not from any appar
ent disease, but merely from the desire for a lodging
place, and where they may obtain food to satisfy their
hunger. The greater proportion of such applicants
are what may be best designated as tramps, and
among whom the whites predominate. In many in
stances I have referred those who had the appearance
of being more worthy to the Mayor, as I had no
authority to grant them the admission to the hospitals,
as they desired.
The deaths, to which I have referred, are classified
as follows :
Ambusta (Burns) 1
Bright's Disease 2
Cholera Infantum 7
Congestion of Lungs 4
Dentition 3
Inanition 2
Malarial Fever 4
Membraneous Croup 1
Moribund 6
Old Age 2
Phthisis Pumonalis 5
Pneumonia 2
Scrofula.... 2
Suicide (by laudanum) 1
Trismus Nascentium 2
Typhoid Malarial Fever 4
Total 48
During the year I have seen 3,857 patients at their
places of residence, and have had 2,111 office consul
tations, a total of 5,968, and divided between 1,784
whites, and 4,184 colored patients. The 310 persons,
to whom hospital permits were issued, are not in-
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 231
eluded among the 5,968 patients. The visits alone
number 6,016. The following tabulation, by months,
will disclose the more active work of the office for the
vear 1889 :
MONTHS. Deaths.
January .
February .
March . . .
April ... .
Mav . . . .
June . . .
July . . . .
August . .
September
October . .
November
December
Total .. 48
Visits.
6,016
I 396
6 400
3 456
3
490
i 483
o 450
7 720
4 628
6 633
6 598
5 400
Consulted and Visited Patients.
White.
85
43
265
236
in
175
138
160
187
214
67
103
1.784
Colored. Total.
168 253
247 290
402 667
356 592
390 501
480 655
496 634
501 661
265 452
250 464
283 350
346 449
All of which is most respectfully submitted,
BENJAMIN F. SHEFTALL, M. D.,
City Physician of the Western District.
232 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPOKT.
REPORT OF THE KEEPER OF LAUREL GROYE
CEMETERY.
SAVANNAH, December 31st, 1889.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor :
DEAR SIRI have the honor to forward herewith
my report of the condition of Laurel Grove Cemetery,
and its attachments, for the year ending December
31st, 1889.
The keeper's house, tool house, and morgue, have
been thoroughly repaired and jjainted, and are now in
complete order. The fencing around both cemeteries
have been made entirely new, and are also in the like
good order.
I would respectfully call your attention to the Re
ception, or Public Vault. There are now six boxes
and one wooden coffin, containing the remains of dead
persons, some of which have been in the vault twenty
years or more. There is no offensive smell from the
bodies, still I would suggest their removal and burial,
that the vault may be cleaned out and renovated.
I would also suggest the early filling up of the low
grounds attached to the Hebrew Burial Lots, there
being no more desirable lots unsold.
During the past year there has been received :
For sale of burial lots (White).. .$1,000 00
For sale of burial lots (Colored). . 90 00-$l,090 00
For burial fees 962 50
$2,052 50
MAYTOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 233
EXPENSES.
Salary of keeper December 31st, 1888, to De
cember 31st, 1889 $ 999 96
Time of hands and salary of detective 5,768 no
Materials, tools, stationery, repairs, etc.... . 1,207 18
$7,975 14
Number of interments at expense of city :
Whites from city 17
Whites from Hospital 36 53
Colored from city 131
Colored from Infirmary 99230
Total 283
Number of interments in Laurel Grove Cemetery,
and Cemetery for colored persons, from January 1st,
1888, to December 31st, 1889 :
MONTHS.
January . .
February. .
March .
April . . .
May . .
June . . .
July . . . .
August . .
September.
October . .
November
December .
Total 237
WHITE.
1
16
6
21
16
34
24
25
20
18
17
16
24
cCU
o-a 03 c
COLORED.
21
10
29
18
41
31
33
30
24
27
23
26
45
42
52
SO
70
69
83
47
52
64
47
56
cCU
O T3
03 c
29 47 313 '677 '155
3
2
10
5
13
2
8
8
14
13
62
55
67
60
102
85
103-
72
83
96
67
83
93 925 1238
a
E
uO
2.C
" o
"H CQ
o c
H"
83
65
96
78
143
116
136
102
107
123
90
109
Number of interments from its opening, October,
1852: Whites, 14,305; colored, 23,940 ; total, 38,245.
Very respectfully,
W. L. HAUPT,
Keeper Laurel Orove Cemetery.
234 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF KEEPER CITY DISPENSARY.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor of the City of Savannah :
DEAR SIRI have the honor to submit the follow
ing report of persons supplied with medicines from
the Dispensary during the year ending December 31,
1889, also the number of prescriptions compounded:
January
February
March
April
'Mi.
June
July
August
September
October . November
December
Total 13.039
In addition to the above, I have furnished the
necessary medicines to Pest House, Police Barracks,
Fire Department, and Quarantine Station.
Very respectfully,
LEWIS CASS,
Keeper City Dispensary.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 235
REPORT OF HARBOR MASTER.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 6, 1890.
Hon. John Schwarz,
Mayor:
DEAR SIRI have the honor to report that I have
deposited with the City Treasurer the sum of four
thousand seven hundred and thirty-nine dollars and
seventy-six cents ($4,739.76), amount of harbor fees
and wharfage collected for the past year. Tonnage,
eight hundred and fifty-seven thousand two hundred
and seventy-eight (857,278). I beg leave also to report,
that on account of increase in number of arrivals of
vessels at this port over former years, some of them
have been kept waiting for berths, there not being
sufficient wharf room to accommodate them promptly.
Annexed find a tabulated monthly statement of ton
nage and fees.
Respectfully,
R. C. KENNEDY,
Harbor Master.
236 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
2
o
ft?
e
aSeuuox l^jox
a^Ep^n^V
pus saaj
UBiSjag
asgBnjJOtj
qoinQ
UB1[BJI
uBUisny
qsiUEQ
u^tssn-y
qsipaMg
u^mjgc)
qstuEdg
UBlSSMJO^
'Hspua
UE3U3LUy
co O cn r^o *rt ** i co cn t o
rt- >-' OO cn it w -co Tfr^O rj-w -tw N w cnr^r-^o
oo u"> o "^ ^i t-^co r>. * * O
OO 't-O OO t -t cn -H O ^i cn c4 r^ inoo TJ- OO TJO r-^co
M co o
o cn ui
m enco w
N o oo
O cn cn o
M CO O
co C O
cn M ui
OO
M O
ii->0
ii O enco W inoo
u- Cl (N w o Hi r^.
O ^- O m HI o <*
r^. m oo N
M N * a ^t O
cn ^ . o co rO Oco O O Ooo oo r^. i- i^ o
^ enco -^t O O locnocncnwi r^ r>- w \n -rt O ^-co r- ^ oo
cn ci o" ^ rf ^ cn cT i-T r^. /> rf
in TJ-CO CO OOl^-TfO O enrf ^cno r*^H cncncocoo O cn ooooo >-.\oo Tfcn Oco vn
O m Oco cnO rf n w cntnr^-
N On-'+i-.r^'-t'^or^
m nt f^ cn W N oo o o o CJ
O r^O I^-minO O NO mm O Tj-T^-T^-Tj-Tj-m-i-min mo
' > 'I -I u
111=5^8-alls8
{
>-
Q
W
Z
z
w
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 237
REPORT OF SAYANNAH BOARD OF TRADE.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 23, 1890.
The following is a correct statement of the Receipts
and Shipments of Naval Stores at Savannah, Ga., for
1888 and 1889:
1888 Spirits. Rosin.
Stock on hand January 1, 1888.. . 11,601 105,180
Received since January 1, 1888.. . 155,497 582,337
Total supply, 1888 . ..." 167,098 687,517
Total shipments, 1888 154,270 599,194
Stock on hand December 31, 1888. 12,828 88,323
1889.
Stock on hand January 1, 1889... 12,828 88,323
Received since January 1, 1889... 181,845 655,825
Total supply, 1889 194,673 744,148
Total shipments, 1889 183,786 678,786
Stock on hand December 31,1889. 10,887 65,362
Very respectfully,
C. WALLACE HOWARD,
Superintendent.
238 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
<^
=0
oo
oo
oo
>
^
5^
e
00 W 00 o
^ K
00 < UO
^
o
K." X
CO ti
on o
'-i
o
<
*> a
r S",
<
>
<
rn
r?
c-i
S?
S? M
IA
Z
^ ^ CQ C-I
"KS Z

k^ W
Cj PH
^ hJ
s
a;
"to ^
^
^

M
HO
S
^ f^'
*+o5* 1-5
l pq
*K1
wHO
^3
pa^isi BOS
os:?? -it in to ta ro Ti coo
c;oc:
paB[si BOS
pumdii
t m 00 ^J ^ I- -rf. ^ t- t-
O !C ^
i-Tfflf TO "Y-* T-T
T-I rococo'W i-
paBtsi BOS
i>^t x
pnBidn
t- -T}" TT ^J* CO CO
iTi 'N O Oi 1 31 10 X 00 TJ- CO w
"PUBISI B8S
?JOlX-#CO^--^"-'O^CO aOL XO'TOiOT CO **>(*- OJ i- i-^GO X
-rf" t-O CO1
* OS tQ C*
.. . . ^ _ . J T* -vr CO I t* ft Tf SO rft ^CC LO^
paBldfl 1 t^i-Tw* iftoroTiii'TjJ'^of^iN' ^ '
J
"
,
'
l
'-<l-CO-*W'-' '-,
'pUBtSI B9S
mI>Tt<coTf ^-oi^
ST Oi 00 tO '-'Cl T-t
os 01 co
puBidn
pUBISI B9S
co x m TH 00 c- ^- Oi i
T co "# o ta
puBidn
Oio>xi>ciir;irt0ico-fi-i iCO?iOt- l>XXiOXXXt-i-i
iri"t-roi"~in""x"oi'i>irf cf
pUBlSI B8g
OiOiX'*COi-c*T-<'*CO CO t-X'' WM CO ^ 07 l~ i- iJX> 00
-*' 't^TicTco*
i m oi oi 10 in-* o fl oi TfCOt~lC30'-'O>TfXt- I- O 00 J^'* ^ X 10
r lJ"
,
-oiT-t-co-TOi I-H
piTBtSI B9S
noi.m"r
t
,Oit*m-^oi Tj- ^- t 1-1 r-i
OiTHO'-l'-ITl"
punidfi
lO'rf" CO t c
!ox!Xnco^'-eoo* Oit^-fTj-ffi,-. .-.TM Oi
T-iOi-t^-
j T 11 -. 1 ' i t> CO 1
^XCOCOTt-*i k0!-iO0>H>Xt>'-H>'*
r^ f^. k^ ^r* ^4t ( rt^ ^v
pa-Btsi -Gas
^ CO CO CO T- co c* <* co co i-i -^ x ta m
^"t-Tin'oi
-puBidn
O g * 2.2 bit :::::
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 239
pnBisi Bag
pnnidfl
pa^isi nag
pauidn
POBISI 1238
pueidu
i-iT-<CSMOa?.-<<NroaOJ>'-<
pn^isi 8S
pauidn
'PUBISI B8S
pnBidn
I-H-^-O^!-^"^"* i-Hi-ooi-g-t-xoxoicooi
I-H^HT-HIOCO^O!
co t- 10 ao at ""S" lOOiiOCOOCOXOi'M OiCXXt-^ c^0
^ o*
T-TOTVGo"a ngztaoi-'-i'rf ioxmiOTfcooi^H
Oi .Oi-*'~-Oi >t- Ol-r-OiO!-'" Tjt eo 'sc i- "^ m m
i-T loo" efi-T
TH- X'~''rr-Oit-0O T-Hf:i-ixX'-Hoiioco Oii-'i>t-iOCOi-Hl>
pU^ISI B8S
<-H '* O W "T-H X Oi CO X
ot-'-'CO'comcomxo oiin-1
- i^Oi " > ^ lO> i*.* Oi r-i i-H
l-H t- "V co
> --tCiCOi^XCOCO oO"^"ocoioOimtr
ptierdrx oi"co'*"oDi-H*coin"'or-rco'' ^
tiX cont-cooio5oi
ptTBtdn
paBidn
puBida
pu^ida
0XTT-H miomt-xcooTr* XrH^-^"^
pnBidn
l-H Tf Tf< ift 00
o t>- o in
m >-* OCO
-pnBidn
Oi m o( co oo" " mco-HOit-coxm T^ oi -^ I-H t- t- o
puBisi -eas
pnBidn
'POBISI -Bag
pa^lda
ptreisi Bag
puBidn
_>!- m
irTofoi-H*"
s in Oi -H
0t~iO^T
o
4 S'gSSgg'Sd 'oi^P
o-o
rr s VI
a 0
I
a;
g co0
!
P
0CO
ffl
1
in !>! 11 ^
3 ^ TB A ^r > ft ^ =* ^
240 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Cotton Exports in Detail.
SEASON.
Cbarleston ..
Baltimore
New York..
Boston
Philadelphia .
Brunswick ...
Total Coastwise.
1887-88.
29,170
50,911
143,174
48,363
18,2801
6.289
19,768
138
24,975
65.434
277.207
83.292
28,149
878
289,828] 26,195 478,935
6,268
15,897
483
22.647
31,284
59,049
313,ia3
56.517
10,678
1,500
471.211
4,574
20,322
844
25.740
Reshipped to interior
Local consumption and burnt.
526
2.202
274
1,020
637
4,965 106
Cork for orders, Total Channel..
Liverpool, Total Great Britain... 223,391 1,744 144,017 1,331 79,218 3,261
Havre
Dunkirk
i
18,648
i
12,450 30 7,772
3,625
145
Total France ; 18,648
: 1.700
13,450
1,200
80,405
77,332
3,500
2,350
15,777
43,309
30
35
11,397 145
2,912
15.981
67,810
19,500
2,415
29,371
50,429
1,65J
2,040
200
Reval | 37,055;
, 87,605!
! 39,671
7,935]
: fi.420!
130
Cronstadt
Barcelona
Gothenberg . .
51,088
Abo
Oporto
Coruna
1
i
86
10,774
i 1,666
i 110
1 15.255 15.729
Hango
Santanda
Pootelof Harbor
1.223
1,000 1,150
3,600
5 046
5,895
3,800
1,000
St. Petersburg
Trieste .... .
1,208
2,400
1,300
1,550
Hamburg 700
Lisbon ... 1,200
Total Continent .. . 243,960 237,973 25 229,728 130
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 241
Foreign Exports of Upland and Sea Island < otton, via Coastwise
Ports, 1887-88 and 1888-89.
(INCLUDED IN COASTWISE EXPORTS.)
VIA NEW YORK :
Liverpool
Antwerp
Barcelona
Bremen
Reval
Havre
St. Petersburg ....
Amsterdam
Riga
Cronstadt
Hamburg
Gothenburg
Bergen
Trieste
Genoa
Malmo
Ghent
Venice
Christiania
Pasages
Libau
Marseilles
Norrkoping
Lisbon
Naples
Total
Upland.
Sea Island.
Quantity Bales
1887-88.
49,904
25.314
11,900
2,237
40,211
5,533
6,007
11,400
750
i,55o
5,419
7,052
1,000
500
2,200
1,100
350
200
500
998
300
200
500
175.125
Upland.
Sea Island.
Quantity.
IS
46,143
34.690
8,433
13.396
73.703
5.293
7,621
13,094
1,200
700
9.058
10,125
1,000
1,110
2,725
1,300
1,450
400
300
1,225
1,178
200
234.344
VIA BOSTON :
Liverpool ....
Total
22,700
22,700
10,278
10,278
VIA PHILADELPHIA -. Liverpool
Antwerp
Total
7.378
7.378
550
55o
VIA BALTIMORE :
Liverpool
Antwerp
Bremen
Ghent
Amsterdam ....
Havre ......
Hamburg
St. Petersburg. . .
Genoa
Reval
Total . .
Grand Total.
19,462
1,273
15,326
38
750
2,000
38,849
244,052
20,322
1,768
10,824
3,034
400
1.045
200
100
300
37,993
283,165
16
242 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
Receipts of Upland and Sea Island Cotton at the Port oi Savamiali, (ia., and Weight and Value.
Quan
tity
Bales.
Quan- Weight Weight
tity
Bales. ' Pounds. Pounds.
Value.
Dollars.
Value.
Dollars.
1887-88. 1888-89. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1887-88. 1888-1889.
Upland
Sea Island
875.017
23,518
798,628
29,991
435,058,453 ' 389,554,765
9,045,878 11.692,401
$39,725,772
1,983,351
$37,878,926
2,658,115
Exports of Upland and Sea Island Cotton from the Port of Sa
vannah, Ga., and Weight and Value.
Quan- Quan- ! Weight ' Weight
tity tity
Bales. , Bales. Pounds. Pounds.
Value. Value.
Dollars. Dollars.
1887-88. 1888-89. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1887-88. 1888-89.
873,375
24,033
797,146
29,382
434,242,050 ' 388,831,875
9,243,966i 11,453,985
$39,651,225
2,026,783
$37,808,533
2,605,008
Exports of Upland and sea Island Cotton from the Port of Sa
vannah, Ga., and Value per Bale.
Quantity
Bales.
Quantity
Bales.
Quantity
Bales.
Quantity.
Bales.
Value
Per Bale.
Value
Per Bale.
Foreign. Foreign. Coastwise. Coastwise. Dollars. Dollars.
1887-88. 1888-89. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1887-88. 1888-89.
Upland
Sea Island ...
394,440
1,386
320,343
3,536
478,935
22,647
471,211
25,740
$45 40
84 33
$47 43
88 66
395,826 323,879 501,582 496,951
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 243
CO CO CO CD CO CO
OOaOCOQDt-QCt-QDOOQOQOXOOOOt-ODOOOOOOQOGOQCQDQOOOQOQOQOQOCOOsasOiO; OiOSCSOSOlOiOSOOlCftOJaiOlOS
fo>refHSfs^sss^i:iffiro=ss5:'ioSiHfsigffffg
^^^^i^^z^^mz^^^^^^^mi0M^^^m^m
1010 i 111 mm i
^idiOios'osojbbcbab'aoaoos 6io>oiosoioooooioiosososoiososojoiOiOioioiO I:s;^^^^JSS
"" ^
J
til COCO CO
EO1
i ii T-H JO (OCOCOCO CO sn
so co CO SO
I I .1 J
CO coco
CO COCO
jOSOSOSOSOSOsOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOiCiOSOSOOOOOO ft"OS bl O Oi o: O O OOOO OOOOOO o o o o oc i-i T-H TH T-HT-I w ^-^^>-^-^\-'\-ArH\
CO CO CO T-1
CO CO CO s-Q
io m io
jjH'OSOsosoiososososososaiospsososos OiOOi 0101010:01000000000000^ osoioicnoioooor-, ?i O ^ r-, r^ ?*- J^ _ _ ____,_-fs-nS-KJ\r^.-K^\
COCO CO
^03 10
So iSX ^^X-"" "^S5 III 3 j S^0
OOOOSO;OIOSOIOIOOOOOIOSOIO22
S <" T-il-irH CO S 2S^
S:.l araexx ^
25S x
s
111
ijj.oooooooiciaiaioooooooioOfSfSfS HH l-( TlT-l 1-1 l-H Tl TlrHT-lT-ll-IT-l >-H-SH25
ssaes
0,0.0, O."
W Ol CO
t- t- t- ai a; aj
c
OOO
OJ OJ OJ i3J 3)
>>> Xi .C
sssss D OJ D 35 aj
C* > t* > >
OOOOO
-'t-THOiN
t- t- l- t-
<D D <D OJ
saga aj a) QJ a>
0000
< CD OJ OJ QQPP
'Jl-ITHS
>>>.>.( S- t. t- (
rt rt rt c
s 3 =J :
fi 3 3 !
rt rt rt c
it- u t- t
rt rt rt 0
3 3 3 =
l t- t_ t. t
! -ax: JOX
I X> <D OJ -
1 &n fe EM
co co
faS
L-L-L( -H^^^^^cajoaj^. 33333
COASTWISE EXPORTS CITY OP SAVANNAH, 1889.
COMPILED BY FRANK E. REBARER, CLERK OF COUNCIL.
ARTICLES.
Bananas bunches
Bark bags;
Barrels and Kegs empty
Beef barrels and cases
Cane Reeds bundles
Car Wheels old
Cedar Logs superflcial leet'
Clay casks
Cocoanuts i
Cotton (sea island) bales:
Cotton (upland) bales
Cottonseed bags
Cotton Seed Hulls bags
Cotton Seed Meal bags
Cotton Seed Oil barrels
Dogs
Domestics and Yarns bales
Eggs packages
Fertilizers bags
Fish casks and barrels
Flour barrels 15, sacks 200
Fruit packages
Bides bundles
Honey barrels
Horses
Iron (old scrap) tons
Iron (rails, old) tonsi
Iron (pig) tons
Leather bundles
Linters bags
Lemons. boxes
Lumber superflcial leet
Locomotive Springs (old)
Manganese barrels
Marble pieces
Matting rolls
Melons
Melon Seed bags
Merchandise (miscellaneous) packages
Molasses hogsheads
Moss bales
Ochre barrels
Oil cans
Oranges barrels
Oranges boxes
Ore sacks
Oysters barrels
Paint barrels
Paper Stock bales
Pitch barrels
Pulleys (wood)
Potatoes sacks
Rags bales
Rice barre's
Rice Chaff sacks
Rice (rough) sacks 266, barrels 27
Rosin (380 ponnds to barrel) barrels
Rosin Oil barrels
Rubber bundles 313, pounds
Shingles .
Shrimp cans
Spirits Turpentine barrels
Sponge barrels
Staves M
Strawberries refrigerators
Strawberries . crates
Straw bales
Syrup barrete
Syrup kegs
Tan Bark bags
Terrapins barrels
Tobacco boxes
Turtles
Vegetables barrels
Vegetables boxeg
Wool . baleg
Total
QUANTITY.
3,472 "
79
23,555
11,885
167
9,997:
51,267:
3,329
119,068
20,4651
388,1121
14,0371
1001
so:
27,689
131
30,538
541
436
5,131
VALUE.
202,528
13,296
161
67
726
1,350
41,938
1,569
904
144
9,701,338
120
673
2.041
125
950,800
80
88,862
100
836
444
100
3,178
483,021
818
1,596
105
4,385
1,993
803
712
30
13,235
2,232
272,409
3,540
28,170
2,430,828
21
51,232
30
90,117
1,689
1,947
3,240
108
10
175
54
255
1,901
130,666
115,159
3,800
2,142 00
237 00
3,533 25
83,195 00
1,670 00
34,993 50
5,126 70
66,580 00
2,976 70
1,790,687 50
19,017,488 00
42,111 00
50 00
100 00
830,670 00
260 00
1,832,280 00
3,246 00
872 00
76,965 00
690 00
393,792 00
159,848 00
1,771 00
23.450 00
7,986 00
14,850 00
838,760 00
39,325 00
18,080 00
432 OO
1,195,520 07
600 00
9,422 00
2,551 00
1.000 00
117,120 00
340 00
4,443,100 00
5,300 00
4,180 00
3,996 00
100 00
13,713 00
1,207,553 00
1,636 00
6,384 00
4,725 00
65,775 00
4,982 50
1,606 00
2,848 00
270 00
198,525 00
892 80
640 00
544,818 00
35,400 00
14,085 00
17,015 80
18 90
896,560 00
:-00 00
9,011 00
25,335 00
9,735 00
3,240 00
1,356 00
350 00
1.620 00
3,825 00
7,604 00
522,664 00
345,477 00
273,600 00
$ 35,288,088 72
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 245
FOREIGN EXPORTS PROM SAVANNAH, GA., 1889.
ARTICLES.
Cotton, Sea Island, bales, 9,172 lbs.
Cotton, Upland, bales, 481,842 lbs.
Rosin, (280 lbs. to barrel) bbls.
Spirits Turpentine gals.
Cotton Seed lbs.
Lumber M. feet
Staves
All other articles
Total.
QUANTITY.
3.597,813
229,803,887
627,289
5,013.830
1,336,680
14,890
VALUE.
i 914.500
23,700,595
764,796
1,991,930
12.259
196,187
10 343
13,731
$27,604,341
IMPORTS, PORT OF SAVANNAH, 1889.
ARTICLES.
Fertilizers tons
Cotton Ties bdls
Brimstone tons
Salt lbs
Molasses gals
India-Rubber lbs
Muriate of Potash lbs
Nitrate of Soda lbs
Fruits and Nuts
Cigars
Cement bbls
Wines and Liquors, in Casks gals
Wines and Liquors, in Bottles doz
Coal tons
Carpets sq. yds.
Works of Art
Musical Instruments
All Other Articles
QUANTITY.
17,815
80,885
3,200
12,880,379
61.100
56,531
1,115.271
981,080
7,638
2,971
69
530
1,673
VALUE.
$200,809
58,737
59.566
15.340
9,686
32,961
17.571
13.073
39,420
4,150
5.896
4.625
860
i,330
1,563
4.548
i,336
16,925
$488,396
246 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
VESSELS ENTERED AT AND CLEARED FROM
CUSTOM HOUSE, 1S89.
American Vessels Entered
American Vessels Cleared
Foreign Vessels Entered
Foreign Vessels, Cleared
12
7
309
309
6,563
1.323
215,864
226,181
154
51
4.530
4,601
Total Entered and Cleared, Foreign . 637 449.931 9.336
Coastwise Entrances 409
395
561,453
539.993
15.546
Coastwise Clearances 15.505
Total Coastwise 804
637
1,101.446
449.931
31,051
9.336
Grand Total 1,441 1,551.377 40.387
C bD
ir >> i> --H
oo &
^H
S 2
a
-
_r ft e -^
O rtH
rH OJ
CO
H 3 ^
CC &( 50
35
o 1^ cu - g>
2
H
a S
4H .
^
o'S
<
S a,
S fl
oo 0) &0
r- a^
cr: a) cu
o
cu rC M
X
u 2 5
ClH
-I ^
o rf fn
CO rC rf
K rf
< 1 - s
J > O O
J ^ W ft
O 's s S
Q I s
Z
Por
Cus
Eas
I ^ Oi Ti
rf r^ C
<
Fore
ords
orthe
> rti ^
S f-i
68 'S
._rHs ^
_^ arf
0
r
oi ^
oo +=
x <c
T-H ^2
i fc-XHOOOOOO 1 CCX
icosajcisoioo-^-fN COOT
-i io into OD eo c
SDIOSO'* C* ^3 >
i OTO TT W to lOCO "* OS "^
- t- o ao m eo
oit-i-tni'NOOOIOO
i>ooa
jp'oo'c
^(NOSiNiOeC "^."^ I
"Sino*o"cci~ i i-^-rt-*" ,
5 i-H W CO mi> ClO_
irfi-r o'co" I
fCOf-COOOWO
ftiOt-CO'^^T' "O *QOaO"0(-r-iCOi>
co M
00 Hi ,
tHi" I
HCOOOOOOO ^oac;c;ioQio
-* o
rf io o o io o >n j i
t^^'io I-TQIO t- i
Tf I Tf 'ff S (W O <
i-OJ-^'a0i>iO'->CO'3D
t-QOOSlO'-'WiOOOOi
i 3!^ ,
MO! CO
j IO'CT I io
o so J to
cor-" I '
OCO'Tti>Tfl-H->*
OOiiOCO'-'rHi-^o
cqW'rOi^coOTcoiO
io IO'O t-^co
co CO aToT
I wo
l coaT
l--;ciooeocjn''*t,
i>- Icoco
OOS ^-Oii-iCQCOW ICO"-1
CO^iO'^'t-'WCOCO'- |OT-<
I OCO 00 wo 00 00 -w TP
' TOO rr'TCO'T i- gi a i- to t- | CO W O W rt-COC
-co lO
Oieo
i aorM
I 1--SO
r-. CSCOit^ o o iO ^>
w w i- o io w
ui'si"
toco" Ui lO
a ^
O rf
O rf
ri 2
>
2 ^
rt
o
rt rf m
o
o
o
g Si
_g o
s ^
* >>
a ^
^ Ti
ri 2
rf ri
4^ ri
.&
S.a
ri -;
u rf +i -e
ft
COri
bJD
a
o
c ._
0
ri r.
^ -C S.
CO CO-^ OQ OTCOCJ oc
^ W CO W il
GO Oi
TT OS -* SO ooo wtCO w
x_co
&. I M
a
c a
O = " "
O S5 ^ P^O- W PN ^H C,
IS
a
Is
o o
I

a ri
-JS o
rf rf
SO r^
OJ c g
> ri g
ri rs o
g 0 ft -ri o ri
EH &0 _ri
rf
-5 rQ
o
rf
248 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
IMPROVEMENT OF SAVANNAH RIVER AND
HARBOR.
BY LIEUT. O. M. CARTER.
UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE,
SAVANNAH, GA., July 9, 1889.
GENERAL : I have the honor to traflsmit herewith
my annual reports for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1889, upon the works of river and harbor improve
ment then in my charge.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
O. M. CARTER,
First Lieut. Corps of Engineers.
The Chief of Engineers, U. S. A.
IMPROVEMENT OF SAVANNAH RIVER AND HARBOR.
Operations for improving this harbor and river have
been carried on in accordance with a project of im
provement submitted to the Chief of Engineers by
General Gillmore, the officer then in charge, dated
January 16, 1882, and printed as part of Appendix J
4, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1882.
This project is essentially an enlargement of two pre
vious plans, one dated August 28, 1873, and printed
as part of Appendix S 4, Annual Report of the Chief
of Engineers for that year, and the other dated March
19,1879, and printed as part of Appendix J 4, Annual
Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1880. For a
special history of past work, see pages 1012-1023,
Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1888.
ORIGINAL CONDITION.
In 1873, before the work of improvement upon the
present plan was inaugurated, the usual draught of
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 249
vessels navigating the river at high water was 14 5
feet. The mean rise and fall of the tide was 6.5 feet at
the city of Savannah, and 7 feet at the mouth of the
river.
PLAN OF IMPROVEMENT.
The plan of improvement under which operations
have been carried on up to date provides for the estab
lishment of a channel from Tybee Roads to the city of
Savannah, practicable at high tide for vessels drawing
22 feet of water, and the widening of the channel of
the river opposite the city to 60o feet, of uniform
depth with the balance of the channel. The following
comprise the main features of the enlarged project:
(1) To construct a closing dam at Cross Tides, above
the city of Savannah.
(2) To enlarge the water-way between Cross Tides
and the city.
(3) To regulate the width of the river along the city
front by enlarging the water-way at certain points,
and by contracting it by wing-dams at Garden Bank
where the widths are excessive.
(4) To construct a training wall, extending eastward
from Fig Island.
(5) To construct a low dam across the upper end of
South Channel.
(6) To improve the north channel of the river, clos
ing the channels between Barnwell Islands and those
connecting the north and south channels, and con^
tracting the river by wing dams at various points be
tween the head of Elba Island and Fort Pulaski.
(7) To protect the banks at various points along the
river, and to dredge upon all the shoals between the
city and the sea.
The cost of the original project of 1873 was estima
ted $482,000, and as amended and enlarged at $1,212 -
000.
In 1887, in obedience to an act of Congress approved
August 5, 1886, a preliminary project, with estimates
250 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
of cost of improvement for obtaining 28 feet of water
from the city of Savannah to the sea, was submitted,
and is printed on pages 1056-1073, Annual Report of
the Chief of Engineers for 1888.
The principal features of the project are:
(1) To enlarge Drakie's Cut to a width of 200 feet.
(2) To enlarge the channel south of King's Island
to a width of 400 feet, and to close the Cross Tides.
(3) To build a training-wall from the lower end of
Marsh Island to Kinsey's Point, to enlarge the river
at the city to a width of 600 feet by cutting off a por
tion of Hutchinson's Island, and to connect the ends
of the Garden Bank wing-dams by a training-wall, ex
tending from the old dry-dock to a point above Fig
Island Light.
(4) To close the south channel below the mouth of
St. Augustine Creek ; at the same time throwing a low
sill-dam across that creek.
(5) To connect the ends of the wing-dams between
the head of Elba Island and the Oyster Beds by train
ing-walls, and to construct two training-walls, ex
tending about three miles eastward from the Oyster
Beds, for the improvement of the channel across Tybee
Knoll.
(6) To construct a detached breakwater, rising to
two feet above mean high water, and extending from
shoal water between the mouths of Calibogue Sound
and New River, in a southeasterly direction, to deep
water across the bar : to construct a south jetty, if
necessary, springing from the north end of Tybee
Island and extending in a northeasterly direction to
deep water across the bar. This jetty to be at high
water at its inner end sloping down to half tide at 500
feet out, and retaining that height to the inner 18-foot
curve of the bar ; beyond that point to be an apron
course only. Width between the jetties at outer 21-
foot curve to be about 2,500 feet; at the inner 18-foot
curve about 5,500 feet.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 251
(7) To dredge a channel at least 300 feet wide and
28 deep at mean high water from the city to the sea,
the dredged material to be deposited on banks or be
hind training-walls.
(8) To construct shore protections at various points.
The cost of the project is estimated at $6,660,000.
To secure a channel 26 feet deep at mean high water
from the city to the sea, the improvement of the ocean
bar will not be necessary, unless future shoaling
should take place there. The features of this project
are similar to those for obtaining a depth of 28 feet,
omitting paragraph 6, and in paragraph 7 dredging to
a depth of 26 instead of 28 feet at mean high water.
The cost of this project is estimated at $2,900,000,
provided funds are regularly and adequately supplied.
Prior to 1826 an expenditure of about $100,000,
raised by a tax upon shipping entering the harbor,
was made under the direction of the Commissioners of
Pilotage, in clearing the river of wrecks, and in other
wise improving its condition, and between 1867 and
1871 an expenditure of $157,000 was made by the City
of Savannah in dredging on the shoals between Cross
Tides and the sea. From 1826, the date of the first
appropriation made by the United States for the river,
up to the date of beginning operations, according to
the 22-foot plan of improvement, appropriations aggre
gating $667,096.64 were made by Congress for the
work.
Since the adoption of the plan of improvement aim
ing at securing 22 feet of water, eleven appropriations
have been made for the work, aggregating $1,212,000.
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1888.
In 1872 the United States Engineer Department re
sumed charge of the improvement of the river and
harbor, and from that time up to July 1, 1874, since
which date operations have been carried on in accord
ance with the 22-foot plan of improvement, previously
252 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
described, there were removed from the channel 6
vessels, 16 cribs, and 1 sunken lighter, besides 166,498
cubic yards of material, dredged from the wrecks, the
shoals abreast of Elba Island and at the Oyster Beds,
and from Tybee Knoll.
Under the 22-foot project the following work has
been accomplished :
At Cross Tides a dam has been constructed, extend
ing from the rice dike on Argyle Island to that on
Hutchinson's Island, with the object of diverting a
larger volume of water at ebb tide into the Front
River. This dam was originally designed to be a pile
structure, and was begun in 1876. During the next
year it was so much injured by a freshet that work
upon it was suspended. In December, 1878, the
present dam was begun. It is composed of log and
brush mattresses, and brush fascines loaded with rip
rap stone, and is located 273 feet above the abandoned
pile structure.
As soon as the dam was brought up above the level
of mean low water considerable settlement occurred,
due to scour caused by the ebb tide overpour. To
prevent further soour an apron of log mattresses was
placed along its down stream face, and the dam was
raised in 1885 with brush fascines and stone to the
level of high water by building on the up stream side
of the crest, utilizing the old structure as an addi
tional apron.
Since that time further settlement has occurred, and
the work has also been damaged by fishermen and
other parties, who throw large quantities of stone off
the dam to open a short water route from Back River
to the City of Savannah.
About 70 linear feet of the old King's Island Jetty,
near Cross Tides, was removed in 1880-'81 to facilitate
the flow of water into Front River.
Three wing-dams were constructed in 1882-'83 for
the improvement of the Garden Bank Shoal in front
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 253
of the city. They spring from Fig Island, and con
tract the water-way, which was formerly from 900 to
1,050 feet in width, to about 560 feet. A short spurjetty was built in 1883, about 800 feet above the lower
end of Fig Island, to regulate the ebb flow from Front
River into the Wrecks Channel.
To properly confine the ebb currents in the W7
recks
Channel, a training-wall, rising to mean high water,
was built for a length of about 6,750 feet down stream
from a point a little above .the lower end of Fig Island,
with which it is connected by a return work 160 feet
in length.
This training-wall, begun in 1881, runs about par
allel to the right bank of the river, and is provided on
the channel side with 11 short spurs, placed at right
angles to the axis of the channel, which has a lowwater width, increasing from 68o feet at the upper
end to 880 feet at the lower.
Two dams, numbered 5 and Hi respectively, and
designed to increase the flow of water in the main
channel, were built in 1883, to close lateral channels
on either side of Barnwell's Island, opposite Fort
Oglethorpe.
A low sill-dam, designed to increase the ebb flow in
the north channel, was built in 1881 across the south
channel, a short distance below the head of Elba
Island.
A wing-dam, numbered 15, was built in 1883 for the
improvement of the channel at the obstructions. It
extends eastward from Barnwell's Island, No. 3, and
contracts the water-way, which was formerly about
1,950 feet in width, to about 1,000 feet
Three pairs of wing-dams have been built for the
improvement of the crossing at the Upper Flats.
Those numbered 4 and 23, built in 1883, constitute the
upper pair, and are situated at the eastern end of
Spirit Island. Those numbered 6 and 25, constituting
the second pair, and those numbered 10 and 27, con-
254 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
stituting the third pair, are situated at distances below
the first of about 800 and 1,600 yards, respectively.
The original low-water width of the river at this
crossing varied from 2,000 to 4,000 feet. It isreduced by
these dams to 1,050 feet at the upper and to 1,200 feet
at the lower pair. These dams rest with the inner ends
of the respective pairs upon opposite banks of the
river, with the exception of the one numbered 27, be
tween whose inner end and the shore there is a gap of
about 500 yards.
Three wing dams have been built for the improve
ment of the crossing at the Lower Flats. At the
upper end of this crossing dams numbered 14 and 29
were built in 1883-85, They spring from opposite
banks of the river, and contract the water-way from
over 2,400 feet to 1,250 feet. At the lower end of this
crossing a partially completed dam, numbered 13, was
built in 1883. It springs from Island 1 and 2, and
leaves a water-way 1,250 feet in width between its
outer end and the opposite shore of Jones Island.
The lateral channels at Philbrick's Cut, Big Gap,
and Dutch Gap, are closed by dams built in 1882.
Two pairs of wing dams have been built for the im
provement of the Long Island crossing.
Dams numbered 26 and 33, constituting the upper
pair, were built in 1885. They reduce the low water
width of the river from 3,100 to 1,300 feet. Dams
numbered 28 and 35, constituting the lower pair, were
built in 1886-'87, and reduce that width from 4,500 to
1,350 feet. The inner ends of these dams are con
nected with shore, with the exception of number 35,
between whose inner end and the shore of Jones Isl
and there is a gap of 500 feet.
To prevent the diversion of the ebb flow from the
main ship channel a dam numbered 31, and about
3,500 feet in length, was built in 1885, to close the old
channel north of the Oyster Beds.
All of the structures described are composed of log
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 255
and brush mattresses, or brush fascines, or both,
loaded with riprap stone. In their original construc
tion and in the repairs which it has been necessary to
execute up to July 1, 1888, there have been used 331,-
750.79 square yards of log and brush mattresses,
62,562.15 cubic yards of brush fascines, and 83,671.74
cubic yards of riprap stone.
During this period the river channel was widened
at the lower end of Fig Island, and more or less
dredging was done upon the various shoals between
Cross Tide and Tybee Knoll. Up to July 1, 1888, the
total dredged material removed, consisting of sand,
mud, and shells, amounted to 1,857,635 cubic yards.
OPERATIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE
30, 1889.
When the appropriation made by act of August 11,
1888, became available, a project for its expenditure
was submitted. Proposals for dredging were opened
on October 15, 1888, but the bids being too high all
were rejected and the work readvertised. At the sec
ond letting Mr. P. Sanford Ross was the lowest bidder
and a contract for the work was entered into with him
on November 23, 1888. The project for the expendi
ture of the appropriation having been approved by
the Board of Engineers to which it was referred, pro
posals for constructing a training wall on Tybee Knoll
and for executing repairs to the Fig Island training
wall were opened on December 24, 1888, and the con
tract was awarded to Mr. William T. Gaynor, the
lowest bidder. By authority of the Secretary of
War a supplemental contract was entered into with
Mr. Gaynor on May 6, 1889, for supplying a small
quantity of brush fascines and handling old stone in
executing minor repairs to the Fig Island training
wall. Dredging being much needed and the con
tractor not being ready to begin work authority was
obtained to hire in open market a dredge to remove
256 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
25,000 cubic yards at a cost not to exceed the contract
price. This work was begun on November 7, 1888,
and completed on November 24, 1888. On the next
day work under the new contract was begun. It was
suspended, according to the terms of the contract, on
June 3, 1889, and will be resumed during the month
of July. During the fiscal year a total of 137,671.525
cubic yards were removed.
The work done under the contract with Mr. William
T. Gaynor has consisted in building a new training
wall extending from the Oyster Bed eastward across
Tybee Knoll, a distance of 10,031 feet, and in execu
ting repairs to the Fig Island Jetty. These repairs
have been made with brush fascines, loaded with rip
rap stone, utilizing for this purpose the stone already
on the work.
The survey of the river has been continued and the
field work has been practically completed. The work
has been very much interfered with by bad weather
and other causes. The office reductions are now being
made.
CONDITION OF WORK JUNE 30, 1889.
Cross-Tides.The condition of this dam is about
as described in my report of last year. The general
crest is now at an average height of about 1.5 feet
above low water.
City of Savannah.No material changes have taken
place during the year in the vicinity of the Upper
Rice Mill, there being now a navigable channel at this
locality not less than 15 feet deep at mean low water.
During the months of March, April, May and June,
a cut 40 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water
was dredged from deep water at the Ocean Steamship
Wharves to deep water near the Water Works. Only
a small amount of money being available, the cut was
very narrow and the middle part has since shoaled to
about 6 feet at mean low water.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 257
At the Garden Bank considerable shoaling took
place during the year, and in December, 188, and
January, 1889, navigation being greatly obstructed,
a channel 160 feet wide and 16 feet deep at mean low
water was dredged through this shoal. There is now
a navigable channel not less than 15 feet deep at mean
low water across this shoal except at one point where
there is a small lump with a depth of only 13.9 feet.
This will soon be removed.
Wrecks Channel.Some settlement having taken
place at the lower end of the Fig Island training wall,
this is being raised with brush facines and stone. The
general crest of the old portion of the work has not
changed. The dredged cut through this channel has
held very well, there being now a navigable channel
nowhere less than 15 feet deep at mean low water.
Obstructions.Wing-dam 15 is in good condition.
A cut 50 feet wide was dredged through this shoal.
There is now a least channel depth of 15.8 feet at
mean low water. A permanent removal of this shoal
can not be expected until the south channel is closed,
or a deflecting jetty built above its mouth.
Upper Flats.KM of the wing-dams built for the
improvement of this crossing are in good condition.
The shoal at the lower end of this crossing has been
dredged away. At the upper end there is a small
shoal with a low water depth of only 14 feet, but this
will soon be removed.
Lower Flats.-All of the wing-dams in this locality
are in good condition. A deepening of 1.4 feet has
taken place at this crossing during the year, there be
ing nowhere a depth less than 15 feet at mean low
water.
Long Island Crossing.The wing-dams at this
crossing are in good condition, and have accomplished
the object for which they were constructed. Some
settlement has, however, taken place during the year.
17
258 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
There is now nowhere on this crossing a less depth
than 15 feet at mean low water.
Oyster Beds.Dam 31 has settled some, but has ac
complished the object for which it was built. The
channel at that point has been well maintained during
the year.
Tybee Knoll.There is now a channel across the
inner end of the Knoll 15 feet deep at mean low water.
On the Venus Point ranges, near the lower end of the
Knoll, the channel depth is at present only 13 feet at
mean low water. The training-wall, contemplated for
the improvement of this locality, has been commenced,
and two courses of log and brush mattresses, overlaid
with riprap stone, have been completed. Work is
now being done on the third course. The trainingwall springs from the Oyster Beds Shoal, and is shown
in plan, profile, and section on the accompanying
chart.
Closing Dams.All the closing dams upon the
river, with the exception of those at Philbrick's Cut
and Big Gap, are in good condition. Some breaks
have taken place in the closing dams at Philbrick's
Cut and Big Gap, which, when completed, were at
the level of mean high water. A great deal of stone
is thrown off of those dams by negro fishermen, to
open a water way through into the south channel, and
these small gaps have rapidly enlarged under the in
fluence of storms. All of the other closing-dams are
in good order, although they have settled slightly in
some cases.
COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.
With the improvement of the harbor at Savannah
the commerce of the port has increased at an extra
ordinarily rapid rate, amounting, at the present low
prices of the principal articles of export, to more than
$105,000,000 annually.
Following upon the improvements already executed
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 259
in the harbor, and relying upon their extension, so as
to secure in the near future a still greater depth of
water, lines of railway have been extended into the
interior, opening up to those places markets for their
prod acts, which before did not exist, and ships of
large carrying capacity have been constructed, and
others are now building to ply between this and north
ern ports. There is a large fleet of foreign steamers
and coastwise and foreign sailing vessels, the foreign
vessels, both sail and steam, being as a rule of great
draught. The increased facilities for navigation af
forded by the improvements already executed, have
resulted in largely reducing rates of marine freight
and insurance. At the lowest estimates the annual
saving in freight rates alone, due to this cause,
amounts to more than the total sum of money ex
pended by the United States upon the harbor since
the close of the cinil war, and there is no reason to
believe that money expended in the further improve
ment of the harbor would yield a less valuable return.
Mileage Table.
From Omaha. Kansas
City. St. Louis. Chicago. Cincin
nati.
Decatur,
Ala.
Birming
ham, Ala.
Boston ; 1,516 1,462 1,208 1,025 929 1,192 1,26
New York.. 1,383 1,302 1,048 900 744 975 1,05
Baltimore.. 1.272 1,164 920 803 579 787 862
Savannah .. 1,303 1.1S7 889 1,020 756 536 449
Mobile 1,057 643 858 780 363 276
The figures in the above table of distances are taken
from the United States Official Postal Guide, except
from Savannah to Kansas City, and from Savannah,
Mobile, and New Orleans to Decatur, and to Birming
ham, where the figures are the aggregates of the rail
road mileage between the respective places.
The significance of these figures consists in the fact
that they show that St. Louis, Kansas City and
Omaha, centers for the distribution of food products,
are nearer to Savannah than to Boston or New York,
260 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
and about the same distance to Savannah as to Balti
more, and that Decatur and Birmingham, centers in
the mineral section of the South, are much nearer to
Savannah than to Boston, New York, or Baltimore.
The comparison in favor of Mobile and New Orleans
is still more favorable from the points named than to
Savannah ; but the increased water mileage from ports
in the Gulf to Europe, or the North Atlantic ports,
and the marine insurance around the capes of Florida,
have already favored the commence of the South At
lantic ports at the expense of the Gulf ports, and the
tendency in that direction is likely to increase.
The absence of snow and ice blockades during the
winter months along the routes to the Gulf and South
Atlantic ports will always be a potent factor in their
commercial prosperity.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Wharves are being continually pushed out into the
navigable channel along the city front. A new harbor
line has been located by a Board of Engineers, in ac
cordance with the provisions of Section 12, of the
River and Harbor Act of August 11, 1888. The recom
mendations of this Board were approved by the Sec
retary of War on May 3, 1889. The works for the im
provement of the Savannah River and Harbor extend
from the Cross Tides, above the city, to Tybee Roads,
a distance of 20 miles. Future operations should be
carried on simutaneously throughout the whole extent
of the river, and to secure successful and permanent
results, dredging should be accompanied or promptly
followed by contracting works. To secure the fullest
benefits from the improvements already executed, and
in order that the future growth of the port may not be
seriously retarded, it should be enabled to furnish an
outlet for the rapidly growing commerce brought from
the interior. As the present depth of water is inade
quate for this purpose, it is very important that work
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 261
upon the plan for obtaining 28 feet of water from
Savannah to the sea, submitted in accordance with the
instructions of Congress, should be begun at an early
date. It is proposed to expend any funds which may
become available during the year in the construction
of training-walls, and in dredging, as provided for in
the project mentioned. A vigorous and economical
prosecution of the work will be possible only with
regular and adequate appropriations. The insufficient
and irregular appropriations of the past have rendered
satisfactory progress impossible, and have increased
the cost of the work in some instances as much as 100
per cent. The sum asked for during the next fiscal
year is $2,500,000. The most desirable and satisfac
tory results can not be obtained with an expenditure
during the year of a less amount.
Should work be begun upon the plan for securing a
depth of 26 feet at mean high water from the city to
the sea, a smaller appropriation will suffice, but work
upon that plan can not be carried on satisfactorily and
economically with an expenditure during the year of
less than $1,500,000.
The work is located in the collection district of
Savannah, Ga. Savannah is the port of entry.
Amount of duties collected in 1888, $98,223.75. The
nearest lighthouses are those upon the river, and
Forts Oglethorpe and Pulaski are the nearest forts.
Since the works of improvement were commenced
the following appropriations have been made :
By act of Congress approved
June 23, 1874 $ 50,000
March 3, 1875 70,000
August 14, 1876 62,000
June 18, 1878 70,000
March 1, 1879 100,000
June 14, 1880 65,000
March 3, 1881 65,000
August 2, 1882 200,000
262 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
July 5, 1884 $ 200,000
August 5, 1886 150,000
August 11, 1888 ; .. 180,000
Total $1,212,000
The total expenditures to June 30, 1889, including
all outstanding liabilities, were $1,170,664 55.
Money Statement.
July 1, 1888, amount available $420 65
Amount appropriated by act of August 11,1888 180.000 00
$180,420 65
July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of
liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888 $106,028 34
July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities 33,056 86
July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts 26,858 34
$1(15,943 54
July 1,1889, balance available % 14,477 11
f Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project $6,660,000 00
Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30,
-j 1891 $2,500,000 00
I Submitted in compliance with requirements of Sections 2 of River and
(. Harbor Acti of 1866 and 1867.
Abstract ofproposals for dredging in Savannah Haibor and River, Georgia,
opened at Savannah, Ga., October^15, 1888, by First Lieut. O. M. Carter,
Cotps of Engineers.
No. Name and Address of Bidder.
P. Sanford Ross, Jersey City, N. J
Savannah Dredging Company, Jacob Paulsen, President.
Savannah, Ga
Per
Cubic
Yard.
$0 19^
The prices being deemed excessive, the bids were rejected.
Abstract ofproposals for dredging in Savannah Harbor and River, Georgia,
opened at Savannah, Ga., November 10, 1888, by First Lieut. O. M.
Carter, Corps o/ Engineers.
No. Name and Address of Bidder.
Per
Cubic
Yard.
P. Sanford Ross, Jersey City, N.J
American Dredging Company, Isaac Albertson, Presi
dent, Philadelphia, Pa
$0.18^
.19^
The contract (dated November 28, 1888) was awarded to P. Sanford
Ross, he being the lowest responsible bidder.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 263
Abstract ofproposals for constructing a training-wall, to be composed of mat
tresses, stone, and oyster shells, at mouth of Savannah River, Georgia,
opened December 24. 1S88, at Savannah, Ga., by First Lieut. O. M.
Carter, Corps of Engineers.
Name and Address of Bidder Stone. Total
Amount.
Per
Cu. Yd.
P. Sanford Ross,Jersey City.N.J. S3.05
American Dredging and Jetty
Co., David Merkel, president.
Mobile. Ala
Anson M. Bangs, Fayetteville,
N. Y :....-. 1
Win. T. Gaynor, Fayetteville.1
N. Y
3-24
3.28
3.19
The contract (dated January 16, 18
Gaynor, he being the lowest bidder.
was awarded to William T.
REPORT CF MR. A. S. COOPER, ASSISTANT ENGINEER,
UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE,
SANANNAH, GA., Julyl, 1889.
SIRI have the honor to submit the followino; re
port of operations for improving the Harbor of Savan
nah, Ga., during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889.
The jetty work has been done by William T. Gay
nor, under his contract of January 16, 1889, and con
sisted almost entirely of log mats and riprap stone
placed in the training-wall at the Oyster Bed, which
is being constructed to improve Tybee Knoll. Some
slight repairs to Big Island jetty have also been made
under his supplemental contract of May 6, 1889.
Dredging has been done by contract with P. Sanford
Ross, dated November 28, 1888. Work was begun on
November 7, 1888, and was stopped on June 3, 1889.
CROSS-TIDES DAM.
No work has been done on this dam since Septem
ber, 1885. The crest averages about 1.5 foot above
mean low water. The deep pockets above and below
the dam are no deeper than before, and the shoal on a
line with Hutchinson's and Argyle Islands shows a
tendency to enlarge.
264 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
CENTRAL RAILROAD WHARF.
The cut at and above the Central Railroad Wharf,
made for the double purpose of relieving the shipping
at the new wharves here and to secure freer discharge
of water during ebb tide, has not held as well as ex
pected. From the 10-foot curve above to the 10-foot
curve below is 4,200 feet. About one-half of this has
from 3 to 4 feet at low water. A cut 40 feet wide and
10 feet deep at low water was made through this shoal.
About at the center of the shoal there is now only 6
feet at low water. The ends of the cut seem to have
held better.
UPPER RICE MILL.
This shoal seems to have entirely disappeared, there
being now 16 feet at mean low water, a deepening of'1
foot since last year.
GARDEN BANK.
At the beginning of this year there was only 13 feet
at mean low water on this shoal. A channel 160 feet
wide and 1,100 feet long and 16 feet deep at mean low
water was dredged out in December, 1888, and Jan
uary, 1889. This cut was made wider than usual with
the expectation that it would hold better; and the
facts developed by recent surveys go to show that
such has been the case. There is nowhere less than
15 feet on this shoal, excepting one short lump (not
over 100 feet wide) which has formed at the upper end
of the cut, on which there is only 13.9 feet. This shoal
was caused by a steamer getting aground at low water
and piling up the sand with her propeller. It will be
cut off in a few days, leaving then 15 to 16 feet at
mean low water at Garden Bank. The jetties are in
good condition.
WTRECKS CHANNEL.
Fig Island jetty has settled but very little except
ing on the extension, and this part is now being
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 265
brought up to a level with the old work. No trouble
in this channel occurred this year, except at the upper
and lower ends. At the upper end there was about
14 feet at low water, but the channel was very narrow
and crooked. A cut 150 feet wide and 2,000 feet long
was made here to a depth of 16 feet at low water.
This cut has held to a depth of 15 feet at low water
over its entire width except the upper end, which has
shoaled to 13 feet for about one-half of its width, next
to Fig Island jetty. There is still a low-water chan
nel 15 feet deep and 100 feet wide at this point. At
the lower end of the Wrecks the 18-foot low-water
curve has moved down the river about 300 feet, and
in the channel here a shoal had formed on which there
was 14 feet at low water, but was too narrow for ship
ping to realize more than 13 feet. A cut 150 feet wide
and 1,700 feet long was made here to 16 feet at low
water. This cut has held remarkably well over its
entire surface, being now 15.4 feet deep at low water.
OBSTRUCTIONS.
Some little shoaling having taken place here, a cut
50 feet wide by 1,000 long and 16 feet deep at mean
low water was made. This cut has held very well,
there being now 15.8 feet at low water through its en
tire length. Dam No. 15 is in good condition. A
short jetty from Mackay Point to give direction to the
ebb tide would probably prevent any shoaling here.
UPPER FLATS.
The jetties at this crossing are now practically at
the same height as when built. A shoal on which
there was only 13 feet at low water having formed be
tween Dams Nos. 27 and 10, a cut 66 feet wide and 950
feet long was made to a low-water depth of 16 feet.
There is now 15 feet at low water in this cut. There
is another shoal which has recently formed about
2,500 feet above this one, on which there is 14 feet at
266 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
low tide, but it is not more than 300 feet long and will
soon be dredged away.
LOWER FLATS.
All of the wing dams here are in good condition, no
appreciable settlement having taken place. There is
now nothing less than 15 feet at mean low water on
this crossing, a deepening of 1.4 feet since last year.
LONG ISLAND CROSSING.
The wing-dams here, which were built up to 5 feet
above mean low water in 1887, are now only on an
average of 3 feet above low water. Notwithstand
ing this fact, the channel at this crossing has main
tained the depth which it had last year, viz, 15 feet at
mean low water.
OYSTER BED SHOAL.
Dam No. 31 has settled at the outer end, but no
shoaling has taken place near the spar-buoy.
TYBEE KNOLL.
There has been practically no change in the Knoll
since last year, except that the outer 15-foot low-water
curve has moved seaward about 800 feet. A cut 50
feet wide through the inner part of the Knoll was
made to a depth of 16 feet at low water as far as the
intersection of the Jones Island and Long Island
ranges. This cut has not only held its depth well, but
is actually wider now than when made. The outer
part of the Knoll now has 13 feet at mean low water.
CLOSING DAMS.
All closing dams are in good condition except Big
Gap and Philbrick's Cut, these being badly damaged
by storms.
OSYTER-BED TRAINING-WALL.
A training, wall 10,031 feet long has been built from
the lower part of the Oyster Bed, parallel with the
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 267
channel, across Tybee Knoll. Two courses of mats
have been laid, and work is now being done on the
third course. The shore end (for about 2,000 feet) will
be raised 2 feet above low water.
The following table shows work done during the
year:
Jetty Work.
Date. Locality. Stone. Mattresses Shells.
1889.
January.
February
March. .
April . .
M ay. . .
Oyster-bed training-wall
Oyster-bed training-wall
Oyster-bed training-wall
Oyster-bed training-wall
Oyster-bed training-wall
Oyster-bed training-wall
Total
Cu. yds.
226.36
1,160.83
1,475-29
1,107.65
2,034.20
2,104.17
Sq. yds. . Cu. yds.
2,214.22
15,65301 . . .
19,841.55; 85.98
14,326.67 114.16
21.499 95
June . . 19,387.05 83.16
Date. Locality. j Stone Moved Fascines.
May, 1889, to June 30, 18 Fig Island Jetty .
Cu. yds.
622.0
Cu. yds.
2,795-35
Dredging.
Date. Where Done. Amount.
March, April, May and June, 1889
December. 1888, and January.1889
November and December, 1888,
and January, 1889
January, 1889
February and March, 1889. . . .
February and March, 1889. . . .
Central Railroad Wharf
Garden Banks . .
Wreck Channel. . . .
Obstructions
Upper Flats
Tybee Knoll
Cu. yds.
35,494.80
23,301.60
79.998.30
9,656.00
6,72355
32.497.275
All work has been faithfully done, and all orders
issued to the contractors have received prompt atten
tion. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. S. COOPER,
Assistant Engineer.
LIEUT. O. M. CARTER,
Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.
268 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF MR. E. A. GIESELER, ASSISTANT ENGINEER.
UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE,
SAVANNAH, GA., July 3, 1889.
SIRI have the honor to report as follows upon the
hydrographic survey of Savannah River from Cross
Tides to the sea.
When I was intrusted by you with the completion
of this work, I was informed that it was to be done
under the instructions contained in your letter to Mr.
W. R. Curtis, of October 4, 1888.
This letter calls for the following work :
1. A quadrilateral system of triangulation from
Cross Tides to the sea, including careful measurement
of bases.
2. Location of shore line and topography by stadia
measurements.
3. Location of wharf lines along the city front by
transit and steel tape.
4. Extension of the present line of levels beyond
Fort Pulaski to Tybee Knoll.
5. Determinations of azimuth by observations of
Polaris.
6. Soundings from Cross Tides to Fort Oglethorpe,
at Obstructions, at head of South Channel, and from
the Upper Flats to Tybee Roads.
7. Tidal observations at Cross Tides, Read's Mill,
Central Railroad slip, Barge Office, S., F. & W.
wharves, Fort Oglethorpe, Obstructions, St. Augus
tine Creek, Spirit Island, Lower Elba Island, Venus
Point, and Fort Pulaski.
8. Observations of directions of currents by floats or
loaded rods.
9. Observations of velocities of currents, preferably
by current meters, above Cross Tides, at Cross Tides,
below Cross Tides (Front River), at Fig Island (both
channels), at Spirit Island, South Channel, St. Augus
tine Creek, and at Long Island (both channels).
10. Borings on Tybee Knoll.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 269
11. A detailed report, giving all methods and results,
charts of the river, tidal diagrams, velocity curves,
discharge cross-sections, slope profiles, diagrams of
borings, etc.
jOf this work I found the first three items completed,
and the fourth practically so.
No determination of azimuth by sidereal observa
tions had been made, the required information being
obtained from Coast Survey data.
The soundings in the lower portion had been com
pleted. Above Fort Oglethorpe, however, there re
mained considerable open space, and the soundings
there did not check as well as might be desired.
No tidal observations had been made beyond those
required for soundings. For the establishment of the
mean low water plane throughout the river a series of
not very reliable observations, made in 1887, had been
used.
No observations of direction of current had been
made.
A limited number of current velocity observations
were made with Buff & Berger meters, the latter be
ing alternately lowered and raised, with as uniform a
motion as possible, in order to obtain the mean velo
city of the vertical.
No borings had been taken.
Of the office work, the computation of the triangu
lation was practically done, though not well arranged,
while the river charts were in an advanced state of
completion.
Summing up then, there chiefly remained to be done
current and tidal observations at the places named ;
sounding above Fort Oglethorpe and, possibly, in
Back River, and in South Channel, as far down as
St. Augustine Creek ; borings, and the various items
of office work.
Since then the survey has been further advanced
through the field work, done by the party in my
270 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
charge between April 4 and May 30, 1889, the results
of which are now being computed, and upon which I
shall have the honor to report in detail as soon as
practicable. This work has completed the observa
tions of current velocities, excepting those at Fig
Island and at Long Island, and the tidal observations.
Submitting the above, I am, lieutenant, very re
spectfully, your obedient servant,
E. A. GIESELER,
Assistant Engineer.
LIEUT. 0. M. CARTER,
Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.
PROJECT OF LIEUT. CARTER, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE,
SAVANNAH, GA.,.August 25, 1888.
SIRIn accordance with your instructions of the
22nd instant, I have the honor to submit the follow
ing project for the expenditure of $180,000, appro
priated by act of Congress of date of August 11, 1888,
for "Improving Harbor at Savannah, Ga. ; to com
plete existing project."
The existing project of improvement, adopted in
1873, and modified in 1879 and 1882, contemplates the
establishment of a channel from Tybee Roads to the
City of Savannah, navigable at high tide for vessels of
22 feet draught, and the widening of the river channel
opposite the city to 600 feet of uniform depth with the
balance of the channel. This is to be accomplished
by the improvement of the north channel : the con
struction of certain works of contraction and shore
protection between the city and Tybee Roads ; the
closing of the lateral channels connecting the north
and south channels ; the construction of a high dam at
the Cross Tides, and a low one at the upper end of the
south channel, and by dredging at various points be
tween the Cross Tides and Tybee Roads.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 271
The cost of the improvement was originally esti
mated at $482,000, and as modified in 1882, at
$1,212,000.
The condition of the improvement is given in my
last annual report. An explanatory chart is forwarded
herewith. The present appropriation is not sufficient
in amount to complete the existing project, but the
expenditures recommended are in conformity to that
project.
Of the sum appropriated I recommend that $25,000
be reserved for engineering, contingencies, surveys,
and for the purpose of dredging away lumps from the
channel, should such form during the next year, and
no river and harbor bill be passed at the next session
of Congress. Should nothing be reserved for this pur
pose, navigation may be seriously interfered with, as
was the case during the past year. This leaves $ 155,000
available for work during the year. There is now a
.channel depth of 22 feet at mean high water from the
city to the sea, except at the following points : Garden
Bank, Wrecks Channel, Obstructions, Upper Flats,
Lower Flats, Tybee Knoll.
A small amount of dredging may be required dur
ing the year near the foot of West Broad street, where
sand is washed into the river from the city streets.
The shoal at the Garden Bank should be dredged
away. As stated in former reports, the city is to
blame for a great deal of this shoaling, and measures
should be taken to stop the washing of sand from the
streets into the river, and to prevent the discharge
into the river of refuse matter from the gas works.
The river opposite the city should be widened to 600
feet, but the present appropriation is insufficient and
this is not now recommended. Dredging should be
done in the Wrecks Channel, which has shoaled con
siderably during the year. The projecting wharves at
the lower end of the city, and the method of mooring
vessels at them, hasten the shoaling of this channel.
272 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT
The Fig Island training-wall has settled some at the
lower end during the year. This should be brought
up to near the level of mean high water by stone
thrown on riprap or placed in position on the wall by
hand, which can be done without extra expense to the
United States. Shoaling at the Obstructions continues,
and some dredging should be done there. A perma
nent removal of that shoal can not be expected until
the south channel is closed. This is not now recom
mended.
A small amount of dredging should be done at the
Upper and Lower Flats. Some breaks have taken
place in the dams at Big Gap and Philbrick's Cut, but
no work is at present recommended at either of those
localities. A channel 100 feet wide and 15 feet deep
at mean low water, should be dredged across Tybee
Knoll. Without training-walls extending eastward
from the Oyster Beds to strengthen the ebb flow
through this channel, it will soon fill up. The con
struction of a training-wall, springing from the Oyster
Beds, and extending eastward a distance of 10,000
feet is recommended. A further extension of this
training-wall, and the construction of the trainingwall on the south side of the channel across the Knoll,
are not now recommended. To prevent undue settle
ment of the training-wall a wide base of mattresses of
logs and brush, or of brush alone, loaded with riprap
stone, should be used. Brush mattresses would fit
irregularities more closely, but brush is scarce and
would be too expensive. The work is only a trainingwall, and need not be so tight as a closing-dam.
Mattresses of logs and brush are therefore recom
mended. The growth of shells, etc., in this locality
is very rapid. Dam 31, built in 1885, is completely
covered with a growth of shells, which afford a pro
tection to long mattresses. On account of the scarcity,
and consequent high prices of ballast, I recommend
the use of a mattress hearting, covered with riprap
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 273
stune up to 5 feet below mean low water. From that
point up to 3.5 feet above mean low water (the height
of crest at present recommended) stone, or stone and
shells should be used. Below mean low water ordinary
rip-rap stone should be used, with a hearting of oyster
shells, if reasonable bids therefor can be obtained.
Above mean low water blocks of stone, varying in
weight from 250 to 2,000 pounds, should be used.
I estimate the cost of material in place as follows :
Log and brush mattresses. .. .per square yard. . $0.40
Large blocks of stone per cubic yard .. 5.00
Ordinary rip-rap stone do 2.75
Oyster shells do 1.25
SUMMARY OF PROJECT OF EXPENDITURE.
1. To reserve $25,000 for engineering, contingencies,
surveys, etc., as explained.
2. To expend $35,000 for dredging, in accordance
w
T
ith the approved projects of 1873, 1879, and 1882, at
various points between the city and the sea, as ex
plained. For this amount from 225,000 to 300,000
cubic yards should be removed. The cotton season
has already opened, and deep draught vessels will
soon be in port. The work of dredging should be be
gun at the earliest practicable moment.
3. To expend from $10,000 to $15,000 in raising the
Fig Island training-wall, in accordance with the ap
proved projects.
4. To expend from $105,000 to $110,000 in beginning
the construction of the Oyster Beds training-wall, in
accordance with approved projects of 1873, 1879, and
1882.
I estimate that the mattress work, with the neces
sary loading material, can be put in for $90,000.
Whether to distribute ballast over the total length of
the training wall with the funds remaining, or to com
plete the training-wall from the Oyster Beds as far
18
274 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
eastward as the funds will permit, will form the sub
ject of future communication and recommendation.
No suitable working plant being owned by the United
States, the work should be done by contract, that
method being most economical and advantageous.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
O. M. CARTER,
First Lieut.. Corps of Engineers.
THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. A.
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS.
WASHINGTON CITY, November 10, 1888.
SIRThe Board of Engineer Officers constituted by
Special Orders No. 50, and modified by Special Orders
No. 57, headquarters Corps of Engineers, current
series, met at Savannah, Ga., November 7. Present,
all the members except Colonel Craighill, whose other
official duties required his presence elsewhere.
The Board reached Savannah, Ga., November 7, and
on the same day visited the site of the works of im
provement for Savannah River, from the dam at Cross
Tides to the sea, carefully examined the plans accom
panying the project, submitted by Lieut. O. M.
Carter, Corps of Engineers, August 25, 1888, and had
all matters not perfectly clear in that report explained
by Lieutenant Carter in person. The project sub
mitted to the Chief of Engineers by Lieutenant Carter,
August 25, 1888, and upon which the Board is re
quired to report, comprises three distinct items :
1. Dredging in the Savannah River, below Savan
nah, a water way of convenient width, 22 feet deep at
mean high water at Garden Bank, Wrecks Channel,
Obstructions, Upper Flats, Lower Flats, and Tybee
Knoll. The special object is to benefit shipping at
once, by making navigation easy at these designated
places, where great embarrassments are now offered
by shoal water.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 275
2. Raising the lower end of Fig Island training-wall
to the level of mean high water, so as to throw into
the adjacent improved channel on the south side that
part of the ebb which now passes uselessly over the
dam, and to utilize it in maintaining the improved
channel.
3. To begin the construction of a training-wall
springing from Oyster Beds and extending 10,000
feet eastward, towards Tybee Roads. The object of
this construction is to hold the sands, which are now
driven by northeasterly storms into the outer road
stead, and to prevent them from filling the channel
which leads to the entrance. The channel previously
opened at this point by dredging filled up quickly
after work was suspended, and the training-wall has
been proposed as necessary to maintain any channel
dredged at that point.
The foregoing improvements are in accordance with
the approved projects of 1873, 1879, and 1882, and in
the opinion of the Board may be executed to the ex
tent of the available appropriation in the way recom
mended by Lieutenant Carter, with great benefit to
the navigation of the river.
The River and Harbor Act of 1886, directed a sur
vey to be made, and a project prepared for opening a
channel, affording a depth of 28 feet, mean high water,
from Savannah to the sea, the depth of 22 feet, now
provided for, being inadequate to the wants of the
port.
The survey was made October-November, 1886, and
a report submitted by Colonel Q. A. Gillmore, Corps
of Engineers, November 29, 1886. It was before Con
gress at the last session, but no appropriation was
made for carrying it out. Any revision of the exist
ing project looking to an increased depth, will not, in
the opinion of the Board, differ materially from the
existing project, except in the details of construction ;
the Board therefore recommends that Lieutenant Car-
276 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
ter be authorized to begin the works of improvement
at the localities referred to, and in the manner herein
outlined, with the least possible delay.
Respectfully submitted,
G. L. GILLESPIE,
Lieut. Col. Engineers, U S. A.
W. R. KING,
Lieut. Col. Engineers, U. S. A.
JAS. C. POST,
Major of Engineers, U. S. A.
THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. A.
The report of this Board was approved by the Chief
of Engineers on November 22, 1888.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 277
STATISTICS RELATING TO THE COMMERCE OF
THE PORT OF SAYANNAH, GEORGIA.
SAVANNAH, GA., February 13, 1890.
Hon. Rufus E. Lester, M. C,
Washington, D. C.
DEAR SIRWe beg leave to present herewith such
statistical and other information in regard to the needs
of Savannah Harbor as we trust will assist you in pre
senting the claims of Savannah in a suitable manner
before the River and Harbor Committee.
By reference to the tables appended hereto, it will
be seen that both the foreign and domestic trade of
Savannah has shown a steady growth since the harbor
improvements at that point were begun in 1873.
It is now the largest port on the South Atlantic
Coast, having an annual commerce of over $117,500,000,
or about as great as that of all the other South At
lantic ports combined. It is the second cotton port of
America, and the first naval stores port of the world.
The exports of cotton have risen from less than
500,000 bales in 1872, to over 820,000 bales in 1889.
The shipments this year will probably exceed 1,000,000
bales, as the receipts up to date are already 121,145
bales greater than for the corresponding period of last
year.
The increase in the value of the annual exports of
naval stores is still more remarkable, considering that
from a value of less than $50,000 in 1873, it reached a
total of over $4,225,000 in 1889, with prospects of a
still greater increase in the future.
The annual value of the exports of timber and
lumber within the past fifteen years, has risen from
278 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
less than $500,000, to more than $1,400,000 ; that of
fruits and vegetables from less than $500,000, to over
$2,500,000 ; that of pig iron from about $25,000, to
nearly $1,500,000 ; while that of cotton seed oil, a
manufacturing industry not yet three years old,
reached last year a value of over $850,000.
While the volume of exports has thus increased,
and the tonnage registered at the Custom House has
grown from 1,074,367 tons in 1873 to 1,551,197 tons in
1889, the number of vessels entered and cleared dur
ing this period has decreased by 24, from the fact that
the increased depth of water in the river allows ves
sels of much greater tonnage to visit the port than in
former years, and coastwise and foreign steamers of
great carrying capacity have largely replaced the small
sailing vessels, which fifteen years ago carried the
great bulk of Savannah's commerce. Before the har
bor improvements were begun, the usual high water
draught was about 14| feet. At present vessels of
from 20 to 21 feet draught are able, with favorable
winds, to go from the city to the sea on a single tide.
The improvements which have been already made
in Savannah Harbor, have justified the extension of
lines of railway into the interior, thus opening up to
many places markets for their products, which before
did not exist. The Savannah, Florida and Western
Railway system, embracing over 750 miles of railroad
in Georgia and Florida, with nearly 1,000 miles of
steamboat and steamship lines tributary thereto, de
pends largely for the shipment of its freight upon the
facilities offered by the port of Savannah.
Through the Central Railroad system of Georgia,
with over 2,200 miles of railway in the States of
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and parts of South
Carolina, the richest timber, cotton, coal, and iron
districts of those States, find an outlet at Savannah to
the sea. This railroad has recently been extended,
and now has direct through connections with Texas,
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 279
Memphis, Kansas City, and the great grain-producing
sections of the West, bringing those sections nearer to
the Atlantic Coast at Savannah, than at any other
point, over railways of easy grades, and free from ob
structions by snow and ice.
The figures in the following table of distances are
taken from the United States Official Postal Guide,
except from Savannah to Kansas City, and from
Savannah, Mobile, and New Orleans to Decatur, and
to Birmingham, where the figures are the aggregates
of the railroad mileage between the respective places :
Mileage Table.
FROM. Omaha. Kansas
City. St. Louis. Chicago. Cincin
nati.
Decatur,
Ala.
Birminpbam, Ala.
The significance of these figures consists in the fact
that they show that St. Louis, Kansas City, and
Omaha, centres for the distribution of food products,
are nearer to Savannah than to Boston or New York,
and about the same distance to Savannah as to Balti
more, and that Decatur and Birmingham, centres in
the mineral section of the South, are much nearer to
Savannah than to Boston, New York, or Baltimore.
The comparison in favor of Mobile and New Orleans
is still more favorable from the points named, but the
increased water mileage from ports on the Gulf Coast
to Europe, or the North Atlantic ports, and the
marine insurance around the capes of Florida, have
already favored the commerce of the South Atlantic
ports at the expense of the Gulf ports, and the ten
dency in that direction is likely to increase.
The improvements heretofore executed, and the
expectations of further improvements yet to be made,
have been the inducement to develop the railway
280 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
systems before mentioned. The sections of country
made tributary to Savannah by those railways, are
among the richest in the United States, both agricul
turally and in mineral wealth, and to enable the port
to furnish an outlet to the rapidly growing commerce
offered to it from the interior, deep water is more than
ever needed.
The increase in the depth of water in the harbor has
not kept pace with the increased commercial demands,
and many articles, such as grain, which requires deep
draft vessels, have to be refused by the railways termi
nating at Savannah, because of insufficient depth of
water to float grain ships.
There are now twelve regular packet-steamers, rang
ing from 2,000 to 4,000 tons register each, plying be
tween Savannah and Northern coast-wise ports. Those
steamers make 34 arrivals and 34 departures each
month, and each foot of increased depth in the river
will allow each one of those vessels to carry on an
average 200 tons more freight on each trip. Deeper
water would permit the establishment of a regular line
of foreign steamers, and by allowing entrance to a
larger class of vessels, secure important reduction in
foreign freight rates.
Such increased facilities for navigation as have been
offered by the improvements already executed, have
resulted in an annual saving in freights alone of more
than the total sum of money expended by the United
States upon the harbor since the close of the Civil
Wr
ar ; and there is every reason to believe that money
expended in the further improvement of the harbor
would yield a still more valuable return.
The assessed value of property in the City of Savan
nah for 1889 is more than $5,500,000 greater than for
the preceding year. Within the last year, a number
of new industries have been established in Savannah,
employing a total capital of not less than $5,000,000.
The Ocean Steamship Company has lately invested
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 281
$1,000,000 in two new steamers for its line, and is now
ready to build three more. The wharves of this com
pany are being entirely remodelled, trebling their
capacity. The Naval Stores trade of this corporation
has also, within the year, doubly outgrown its facili
ties, and new storehouses are being constructed.
The Central Railroad Company has had to decline
very large amounts of through freight from the West
(Memphis and beyond), not mentioning nearer com
petitive points, simply because they were unable to
handle it. Had this corporation been able to handle
all the freight offered, and had the depth of water in
the harbor been sufficient to enable suitable vessels to
enter, the cotton exports for the present year would
probably have been increased by over 300,000 bales.
We are informed by the Engineer in charge of the
improvement of the harbor that the system of irregular
and inadequate appropriations which has prevailed in
the past, has increased the cost of the work in many
instances more than a hundred per cent. In addition
to this increased cost the commerce of Savannah is very
much embarrassed by the want of a sufficient depth of
water, as has before been shown.
It is of the utmost importance, not only to the
State of Georgia, but to all that large section of the
South and West which depends upon Savannah for an
outlet to the sea, that the improvement of this harbor
should be rapidly carried forward. There is probably
no other work of river or harbor improvement in the
United States where the benefits to the public, for the
amount of money invested, have been so great as at
Savannah, so that, as a purely business investment,
the further improvement of the harbor is urgently de
manded.
The Engineer in charge reports that $1,500,000 can
be advantageously and economically expended during
the present year ; and he furthermore states that any
282 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
less amount cannot be expended to the greatest ad
vantage, or in the most economical manner.
Heretofore it has been necessary to do a certain
amount of annual dredging for the purpose of so in
creasing the depth of the navigable channel, as to
allow the entrance of vessels to the port of Savannah ;
and after this has been done, sufficient money has not
remained to construct the works necessary to make
these improvements self-maintaining. Should a small
sum of money be appropriated the present year, the
same deplorable state of affairs will continue, and the
commerce of the port will be obstructed, and its com
mercial development will be further greatly and un
necessarily retarded. Every interest of economy de
mands that the appropriations for the improvement of
the harbor may be adequate to accomplish the pur
pose for which they are made. It is most desirable
that the total amount required for the improvement of
the harbor should be made available at once ; certainly
the amount appropriated should not be less than that
stated as urgently necessary by the Engineer in charge
of the improvement of the harbor.
Very respectfully,
JOHN SCmVARZ,
Mayor of Savannah.
H. M. COMER,
Chairman Harbor Committee.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 283
e
s>^>
so
s
e
e
HO
a
I
>
I
$34,226,847
61,314,818
47,774,638
44,005,476
32,817,572
25,691,547
31,993,123
32,525,777 38,233,425
48,019,799
40,495,221
41,773,265
33,221,875
36,191,441
38,807,726
36,152,466
41,678,008
40,139,016
afeq
jad sjnop ui
enj^A 'pu-Bisi Bag
(_-0*>rs5iooOi5o OM io ^-c or so
^o6cdod^sDo'j>"'-*adco'^osooi^*'oo ooj>OJi-'OoioDt^ooaDOiWOjaci>x;QO
8[q J9d sj-Biiop
aj aii[VA 'pu^idfi
OOOOOOiOOOOinOQOQOOCO OOi5oOO(HOOO(?*OOlQOO'<j;'rf
-MOOWi-iOr-SCCOC
SROOt GOiOCiCOlOOCOTO^O-HOOSTf'*
rt (jTcD'-ai' iaia-rfa&to<SGi}in'-* i^i>- i-^toOi irT
rtcOi-l'WOlO(NQOCOCO'^t,
'*"^sDi>MOiaO'-i ** -"~-3 0iOCOOt-OiOci'-,a
P
"*,v
' *
-i^iMWCCCOCOCOoiTOCl
loiowin-^QOt-to^Or-it-cooicoco^^DO
3;cO'-i-rr"coc0'-'O;t-t-mi-'eDcDiiD^t,
i>coiOi
rf i-rT-ri-r1-rT-reo'
K3;cogjQo--#g(o-i-<cscOQOooogimSa^f*
S ^(Tcc ecTo"^ CCQCOWeDOOODoTo la-^C}
CQOSt-MOJiaoiTrCDC^OCO'-'lOQOOGOOiCM
fe(^^CO'<T"lO5Dt>Q0OiQ'-^NCO *,
f:^D^-00OJ t>t>i-i-i^i^t-_coaoQOooao<x>aoooccfc
ODOOCOOOCOQOOOQOQOoOQOODQOQOaBQDOO
284 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
e
e <
e
e
to
as
to
8
e
1
00
e
T-Hi>TO^i-HtaociTr-j"oincj'^,
^CT-HO LO^MSMUMM-Ht-O'rjQCin^T-HO
o N ^ * O in oo ao-DTOTOCiOMOWt
t^odin o d? -o-rJ ?o <zo <d-rJtoio&cS T-it-csTOCO^TOOit-^i-Qco^aoi-aocc mo'fl'inincDosDo^mwocDQOcotOX'ffiTO^OOCSOQOOOOiCO'rHOlOOO 1somt-i-OMosmOincoint-to-^'TO t-C-cX!eDL-.:incDSDinOO?DDt3
o
in
a
119,316
182,517
145,748
169,649
168,247
235,787
198,040
172,224
151,463
115,061
87,025
174,676
103,321
177,229
130,136
146,075
215,684
i

6
2
a!
S
s
!
1z
-<
383
847
781
987
951
1,576
439
170
237
106
90
110
125
185
60
Ul
154
OgOOgOOGO^PTPgljOlOOTCOWJOOTO
,-, "* 77 * 1" 'V W
Tf"Xooi>30inoosnasiftwft-t-to TOTrO^^OOOCOOiOOiOTOMTOWO"^'
OIOT-HCIICO^XNOS C^^SD^I^^ m T-I o^m
T-TO o o o cTco aTi-J"c* crTO"Tfv" in >*~iri*
in eo co
co L- in
*rftSc>ai in T-H D oo ^ cr O>'TO TO cfaTT-T
TOoooi-ocoojcioocO'-tOooineoO'-HOs
^TJ'TOTOTOTOTOTOCOTOTOTOCOCO^J",
^' '
TOTfiflOl-CCClC t^ i^ t-1- t-1- r- o
ooooooooooooooo
w
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 285
Q
W
Oi
<
w
o
t-*"weDinQintci'^inci"*'DO*i-Ht- cooOT-HTOOoMin-^'GOo^DQQOinin
so ".^.t-v-^'^ 00 "^i-t 00 00 -- Oi TO 00 T-H
cDooO''-HcoininTOcotnT-HTOi^^t'^ft- T-HCOOioo-rf'TCiinin-^tTO'T-iioxj^ciai
cot-Mt-inco^D t>a in TOQC TOTT ^
i>rf T-;* t> ^f"m'of tr o* <o otJ cot-Ti> moiinAooTrofT-oiSoin^^ooi-^o inm^inino^ocoL-eDintoeDaj^eDCineoincDW!j,
ooojoioeo'NeoTOcoTH inocX'i o*0'Mt-inooTO;D=D^rin'MT-H t-t-in^coi-sDinoinmooassootTj-t-Ttt-csmoeomTOiiniOTfHOeDt-^i
Oicooioaoi- w^Trw-rHT-Hxt-t-oomo
r- ^os oo in co I-^-P fc-c> co TOCS T-^in so^
TOco'oi'oro* in TOTOTO moi-rfm CO-^TO-^"
TfoosociOJt-omoiinomocTOsoeD'rH oTOaocsTrmi-mt-t-ot-inoiincoco
I-H o o co i> -^t- o; in TO i- oo t- oo i__
-Q0in^00TO00C3inoio*
- - ^1 O* T-H Ot
-rfoiminT-nocooii-HC OlOiCi0C^D<W^fDC otot --
(Nt-T-Hcooiooi-H^Min^nTttCTOiooc oir-oooo*OiTOinmi-HTOO(TOt>o i-HTOTO-^aoT-HaoincT-HT-Heot-cieoit
icefootosoowOd-Hin^foooot-ocowwix-Hin ^" ^t-c^aot-coom QO=Dt>i-HDeo i>t-cooiO"*ooi-"^" O^J> TOO oi I-H w in
ecofoTi^ofood'cr-i-ri-rorooTp'wTjJ'''* to
gin'-:sooo-<j'Tf(MTOoTO'Tf"mTO asMQll>inTOeOOt'"0*01>COTOl>OS Oi O^O^TO Oli>GOTj"(Ni>a. !>ooas
eoTO'-HtJ'TOi-Hint-Q0TO TOrr'eiTOTr',

,
-^''^'inin'^''Tjti5'Trij'inm
go:ooinojin-rpQOo*in _rrM
Ot-Oi-H^oinin*o^Hi>oooooi
TJITPTO-^M'TOCOTOTOTOTOTOTJ'COCOTOTO
286 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
8
"hi
00
O
h<>
e
e
ft?
$%
>
bo
u^
HQg^psooTOTOOO'V ^ ocio*ao^ ^o^co in o* o
- Xl-VPSOOir
. vl i TP o: H u.j OI , 00 OJ Oi 0* CO OJ TO
,_"ofofci"co OTCO'^'TJ.'^T
w TP o*osint>Qot>
^COOiOOiOTOTjiin
~t ^v"^.-^, cs_o* t- -r? 00
^T-HT''COO^J'>3"" iff"co"
painmoitooeotnaiOTi-H
"'-"-"-MCOOSOJOJOOCO
ciinoO'-'TOoioim ^ " ^ -winmr- fOOOOT-iTj.
OT-H . . .
^^L^TJ^
TP 0* TO
Oi TJ" -ai TJ> zo tn
"Oi-*
o m TO
m t-t-oo
.Qin m GOTO t-
ooco3':, _
(-H T-H TH wr co o
00 00 OC t>-^p Oi "^ T
eDCOTOinoic
T-H xio o* eoccc
?-*^HO Si m-^ coci
oft^ t- <-^t-^co co t- oT ^*i f-n T ^^ J^* ^ /^ Si %K _T
^
0
'
7
*
,
~
,
r2
,
-"xwcii-H^ i>cot"-cocoo*inoooioo
. tf^OT o*_in o* (O TO > M-
^ in"*i> os* T-Toftorses'
^TO^oc^mmt-ooooo
lOTOTOt-'-l'TfTP
OOOiOt-OCCOQO'^'^ t-coinTOt-t-
t-^t-^to . >, od" TP*^"*C ^OOs
T-Hmco-^TPOJi-HooinTO
T-iTOI-Oi01i-HCO"V
^-OiSDOJTO coaoiot-i-t-in
in in o^oo r-i co oi o* 3
-. oi" in"co f"i>'i>rTH'
St-THeoTcs^Oinoios
5 * so t> oo T-I ci co m
i-TT-TofTO co TO ofco"co"
OiO^ODCOCOOCTOO* ^"oow^oct-OinTp .wcooommTOmojoiTO
gss
OfOf"!> OJ 50 "*
^^TOOiint ^^r .'J U* liJ t TPJOi^T-1
TOTpm'l''^'D^D3
T-iTOOii'-^P^inOit-TO OiCinOitD^QOCiCO . TO i> T-H TP^ r- TH l-H 00
JG =o "* i> D coV-Tt - -TP ofco"
^"^mc-ioii-HOi^DtM ^THTHTH.-HTHT-

I\

Locations