Atlanta centennial year book : 1837-1937

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ATLANTA CENTENNIAL YEAR BOOK
1837--1937
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, NINETEEN THIRTY-SEVEN
PUBLISHED BY GREGG MURPHY
FRANKLIN PRINTING COMPANY. Inc.. PRINTERS

CONTENTS

Page ATLANTA-
Early Years (1837-IKGO) ........... 9 During the War Between the States (1860-1865) . 11 Famous Andrews Raid ............ 71 As Shcrnian Left ll ............. f>2 Reconstruction Period . .......... 51 Recover)' (1865-1890) ............ IB The "Standing Pcachlrec" . ........ 29 First Physician ............... 31 Diary and Letters nt l)r. William X. White . . 1.1 Reminiscences of Col. C. R. Hanleitcr ..... 19 Roster of the Irish Volunteers ........ 57 Rcadin' an' Writin' an' 'Rithmctic ...... 75 Comparison of Paxes 1S6X-1909-19.16 . ... 58 Cyclorama of Ihc Battle of Atlanta ...... fi^ Rising to lls I'rcscnl Greatness (I900-MI37) . . L'l Todny-In Literature--Sporu--Industry .... I5K Through the Ages . ............ 72
ATLANTA CHILD'S HOME .......... 77
All.AM'A WOMAN'S Cl.l'B ......... XI
AWI'RY 8: LOWNDKS ............. HiO
RILTMORE HOTEL ............. 161
COLONIAL BREAD . ............ 166
DEDICATION . ............... 5
DRl'ID HILLS GARDEN CI.l'B . ....... 89
FOREWORD . . .............. 7
GREEN. CHARLES A. ............. 169
INDl'S'iV.IAL LIFE AND HEALTH INS. CO. . . 161
IMPERIAL BODY WORKS .......... 170
MARIST FATHERS IN A I LANTA . ...... 91
OBERDORFER 1NSI RANCF. AGENCY ..... 162
PARISH OF IMMACl'L.VTE CONCEPTION . . 36
RICHARDS. S. I'. PAPER CO. .
SCRIPTO MANl'FACI i:RING CO. ...... 168
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE.RUII.nCRS OF ATLAXTA-
Adams, AllJcrl Shcldon ........... 96 Andrews. Walter P. ............. 96 Baker, William Battle . .......... 97 Berry. Maxwell Rufus ............ 97 Black. Eugene . .............. 98 Branclon. Morris .............. 98 Brown. J. F.pps ............... 99 Calhoun. Judge Andrew E. .......... 99 Candler. Asa Criggs ............. 100 Candlcr, William .............. 100 Conklin. Charles Asllmorc .......... 101 Eagan, John J. ............... 101

Page

Ellis. Frank S. ............... 102 English. Captain James Warren ........ 102 Gay. Captain Edward S. ........... IOS Ghotstin. Louis' ............... 10.1 tie Give. Julius ............... 104 Goodrutn. James Jefferson. Jr. ........ 101 Gray, James R. ............... 105 Grady. Henry Woodfin ........... 105 Grant. Col. John T.'. ............ 106 Hawlcim, William F^ckicl .......... 106 High. Mrs. Joseph Madison ......... 107 Hillyer. Judge George ............ 107 Hinman, Thomas P. ............ 108 Hoxi. Judge Samuel B. ........... 108
Howell. Clark. Sr. .............. 109 Hun. Joel ................. 109
Inman. Walker P. .............. 110 Ininan. Edward H. ............. 110 Ininan, Samuel M. ............. Ill
Jones. Dr. Willis B. ............. Ill Jones, Sam D. ............... 112 King. Alexander C. ............. 112 King. C. Spurgcon . ............. 113 Kricgshahcr. Victor Hugo .......... 113 JLamar. Joseph Rucker ........... 111 l<amar, William Bailey ........... IM
Masscngalc. St. Elmo M. ........... 115 Martin. Edward Wellborn .......... 115
McRac. Dr. Floyd W., Sr. . .......... 116 Ntmnally. Charles T. ............ 116 Owens. John Sheffield ............ 117
Patlillo. William Franklin .......... 117
Paync. J. CarroII .............. 118 1'oivcll. I>r. Thomas Spencer ........ .118 Rivers. Eretns . .............. 119 Robinson. Frank M.isou ........... 119
Rhodes. Amos Giles . ........... 120 Shcildcti. Rohert F. ............. 120 Slaloii. John Marshall ............ 121 Smith. Alexander W.. Sr. ........... 121
Tompkins. Judge Henry 11. .......... 122 Traylor. George M. ............. 122 X'each. George All>crl ............ 12.1 Willcll. Hugh M. .............. I2J
Winship, George .............. 12J Winship, Robert .............. IZ4 Winship. Charles Rohert .......... 125 Woodward. David . ............ I25 Wriglcy. William H. ............. 126 Wyim. James O. .............. I2f>

SOl'THERS SPRING BED CO. .

. 165

SPONSORS CENTENNIAL YEAR BOOK .... "5

S I I'DF.BAKER CORPORATION ........ 16J

YARBROl'GH MOTOR CO. ....... .167.169

WOFFORD OIL CO. ....... Inside Back Cover

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DEDICATION
To THE UNSELFISH. COURAGEOUS. PATRIOTIC AND SACRIFICIAL MEN AND WOMEN OF TODAY AND YESTERDAY. WHO HAVE IMBUED ATLANTA WITH THE SPIRIT OF PROGRESS SINCE ITS INCEPTION ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. BUILDING IT FROM THE ASHES OF DESTRUCTION TO ONE OF THE NATION'S OUTSTANDING CITIES. THIS FIRST CENTENNIAL YEAR BOOK IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED.

Sponsors of ATLANTA CENTENNIAL YEAR BOOK

Adams, Mrs. Albert S. Andrews, Mrs. Walter P. Awtry and Lowndcs Baker, Mrs. \V. B. BiJtmore Hold Black, Mrs. Eugene R. Boynton, Mrs. Chas. E. Brandon, G. H. Brandon, Morris Brown, Mrs. J. Epps Coca-Cola Company Conklin, Mrs. Chas. A. Cromer, Mrs. J. D. Dobbins, Hugh C. Eagan. Mrs. John J. Finley, Sam E. Georgia Power Company Goodrum, Mrs. J. J. Gray, Mrs. James R. Greene, Chas. A. Hauton, P. S. Hawkins, Mrs. W. E. Heyman, Arthur Hillyer, Mrs. George, Jr. Hinman, Mrs. Thomas Imperial Body Works Inman, Mrs. Edward H. Johnson, Mrs. Edwin F. (ones, Mrs. Willis King, AIcx C., Jr. King, Miss Judy Kiser, Mrs. Gordon Kricgshabcr, Marion C. Kricgshabcr, Mrs. V. H. Lamar, Mrs. Joseph Lamar, Mrs. \\m. Bailey Massengale. Mrs. St. Elmo

McRae. Mrs. Floyd Milam, Joe Xewell, Mrs. Alfred Nunnally, Chas. B. Nunnally, Hugh P. Oberdorfer Insurance Agency Orr, J. K., by Mr. Butler Owens, Mrs. John S. I'aync, Mrs. J. Carroll Petcet. Mrs. D. R. Photo Process Engraving Company S. P. Richards Paper Company Rivers, Mrs. E. Robinson, Mrs. Frank Mason Robinson, Mrs. James D. Security Bankers Operating Bureau Scripto Manufacturing Company Shcdden. Mrs. R. F. Slaton, Mrs. John M. Smith, Mrs. Alex W. Sullivan, Mrs. George Kay Studebakcr Sales Corporation Thicsen, Mrs. R. J. Veach, Mrs. George A. Walters, Mrs. Frances Winship West, Mrs. J. W. Whitman's Laundry Willet, Hugh M. Winship, Mrs. Chas. R. Winship, Mrs. Elizabeth T. Wofford Oil Company Woodruff, George W. Woodward, Miss Marion Woolf. Mrs. Bernard \Vright, Mrs. Fannie Berry Wynn, Mrs. James C). Yarbrough Motor Company

FO R EWO R D
A.TI.ANTA is 100 years old.
The birth of the city and its extraordinary rise to ilic position of commercial, financial and industrial center of the southeast arc both due to the fact that ii sits high above the land be tween the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico and is at the place intended by nature as the gateway to miles of surrounding territory.
Not by accident, but rather because of the scientific knowledge of railroad engineers, docs At lanta command the respect of businessmen in cities on near-by mountains and plains.
It was in the spring of 1836 that Hardy Ivy built a log luu on land which now is within the limits of Atlanta. And in December of that same year--so in haste was fate to aid the citv even at its birth--Governor Schlcy signed an act calling upon the state to build the connecting rail road between the Tennessee and the Chattahoochce rivers.
Xone reali/ed the importance of the statement in the act. which directed engineers to find the suitable terminus. Stephen Long, chief engineer, surveyed the territory in and around what is now Atlanta. Finally, he selectee! a spot, and a short while thereafter--in the year 1837--Long stood among the trees then growing at Five Points and drove a stake marking the terminal. He believed he had selected the natural junction of railways which some day would run between towns and cities throughout this section.
History proves the debt Terminus, the first community on this site, then Manhasville. and finally Atlanta, owe to Stephen Long.
History also shows how indebted Atlanta is ti> railroads, and. above all. how time and again her citizens have matched the bold strides of fate.
A corner near the spot where the engineer drove the stake is now one of the five most valu able in the world. Nearly 300.000 people live within several miles of the place where Hardy Ivy built his home.
\Vhcn one remembers the city lay in ashes only 71 years ago, it appears as if the courage, energy and the imagination of all had been combined into one great effort since that time.
By vision, hope, enterprise and an unfailing ambition, Atlanta has risen above days of dis appointment and years of war and economic depression. Yesterday even, when Atlanta and all American cities suffered, her leaders saw and planned for continued progress.
Yet however startling may be the achievement, growth and the power found at the end of her chapters, no period in Atlanta's history is more colorful or strange than her birth and early days.

The Publisher is indebted to the Atlanta Constitution and the Atlanta Historical Variety for much of the early history of Atlanta and many of the old photografts.

ATLANTA'S EARLY YEARS
(1837-1860.)
E VER since the first "iron horse," which was to be used on the Western & Atlantic railroad, was brought here by a mule-drawn wagon from Madison in 1842. citizens as well as their leaders predicted Atlanta would have a great commercial future and would become the "Gate City of the South." . Speaking in Memphis. John C. Calhoun said railroads must necessarily unite "at a point in DcKalb county, in the state of Georgia, called Atlanta--" This had been the vision of Stephen Long as far back as 1837, when he marked the terminus here. And hence, for the next few years the place was called Terminus.
JfLIA (CARLISLE) WITHERS First Girl Born in Atlnnui
Marthasville became the name in 1843, in honor of Martha Lumpkin and her father. Gov ernor Wilson Lumpkin, who several years before had aided officials when little progress was be ing made in the construction of the Western and Atlantic railroad.
NAMED ATLANTA IX 1845 The year 1845 brought the name Atlanta. Somehow Marthasville did not seem the proper name for such a rapidly growing community to Richard Peters, resident engineer of the finished portion of the railroad, who had to notify the public the route was being opened from Covington to Marthasville. He wrote J. Edgar Thompson, chief engineer of the Georgia railroad, asking him to suggest a name. Thompson replied in part: "Eureka--Atlanta, the terminus of the Western & Atlantic railroad. Atlantiac. masculine: At lanta, feminine--a coined word--and if you think it will suit, adopt it."

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1837 --ATLANTA C E x TE x x i AL-- 1937

FIRST NAMED WHITEHALL
Though Terminus is usually thought to be Atlanta's first name, actually the first name of this community was Whitehall. In giving an account of the earliest settlers in this section, Walter G. Cooper, author of the "Official History of Fulton County," says that the community was given the name Whitehall by Charner Humphries, who moved here from South Carolina in 1825.
Humphries, the great-great uncle of Judge John D. Humphries, built the Whitehall Inn on a plot now bounded by Whitehall, Lee, Oak and Zachry streets. He named the inn and the community Whitehall for the famous part of London which bears that name. Charner also has the distinction of being the first citizen with civic pride, for he ran the inn only a short while before giving it a coat of white paint.
Not long after Charner's arrival, and about four years before Long drove the stake at Five Points, Hardy Ivy came here, later buying a plot of land between the present Edgewood avenue and Peachtree street. Hardy is named in a history published by the Atlanta Pioneer Society as being the first white settler within the limits of what is now Atlanta.
In addition, Hardy is the father of the first boy born in Atlanta, and is the main competitor for parental honors with Mr. and Mrs. WilJis Carlisle, who moved here as a bride and groom in 1841 ..ancLbframf thp parent, uf Julia. Hu. fesHticL_______^
Hardy's son, Socrates Ivy, became superintendent of theWSsHjrn and Atlantic railroad shops. Julia Carlisle married W. S. Withers and for many years was a well-known citizen of Atlanta.
The fact that we now have a record of the first births, and the many other "firsts," such as the arrive! of a doctor, seems to show how greatly the earliest settlers, living almost in a wilder ness, appreciated events bringing comfort and joy, and relief from monotony.

FIRST NEWSPAPER APPEARS

In the year the community became Atlanta, citizens saw the Luminary, their first newspaper; their first church, and probably their first school. The church, situated at Peachtree and Houston streets, was used for a school house during the week and for union services on Sunday.

DR. B. F. BOMAR Atlanta's Second Mayor

It is related that Dr. Josh Gilbert, one of the earliest doc tors, used to walk along the streets and blow a whistle when ever he came to a corner, so citizens would know he was preparing to visit some country patient, and would be out side the city for several hours.
So rapid was the growth that in 1847 "the town of At lanta" was changed to "the city of Atlanta," by a legislative act. Limits of the city were extended a mile in every direc tion from the state depot. The commission type of govern ment was soon succeeded by a mayor, Moses Formwalt, and six councilmen.

CITY GROWS RAPIDLY

In 1847, the first bank was begun by John F. Mims, whose principal business was selling ex change to Augusta, then Atlanta's chief market. A volunteer fire department was organized in 1851 and an ordinance was passed requiring all houses to be provided with a ladder and two buckets. Before long three policemen patroled the streets at night.
A daily newspaper, the Atlanta Intelligencer, was established in 1851 by Jared I. Whitaker as owner and John H. Steele as editor.
When the city was only six years old, the city fathers sent a committee to Milledgeville to seek the state capitol. They bought the present capitol square, built a city hall, took $100,000 worth of railroad stock and established a board of health.

1837-A k x T A CENTENNIAL-- 1937

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POPULATION LEAPS UPWARD
In 1852, 1,000 persons came to Atlanta. Two years later the population was 6.025 and by 1859 it was 11.500. There were about 57 stores, not counting saloons; 4 hotels. 13 churches, two planing mills, a sash and blind factory, four tanneries, several shoe factories and a rolling mill which turned out iron for railroads. On Christmas Day. 1855. the city was lighted by gas for the first time.

ATLANTA IN 1860 Sketch furnished by -Mrs. James R. Gray
ATLANTA DURING THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES
(1860-1865.)
f Although many other Georgia cities were older, Atlanta figured prominently in prewar cam paigns and conferences. Citizens felt keenly the strained relations which were rapidly arousing the north and south in 1860. In October of that year, they organized a corps of minute men. Several months later, when South Carolina seceded from the union, the city shook with the thunder of guns-and turned into an excited audience applauding the independence of the neighboring state.
SECESSION FAVORED A salufe of 15 guns was fired at sunrise, followed by a torchlight procession and a. mightier salute of 100 guns. A mass meeting was held at II o'clock. Atlantans strongly favored secession, and in January, just before the convention at Milledgeville, they elected candidates who would vote for secession. Public opinion on war crystallized with visits and addresses by Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stephens, and with a meeting held in Atlanta by bankers to discuss the financial burdens of war. On August 11, 1862, about eight months after Georgia's secession, martial law was established in Atlanta by an order of General Braxton Bragg. Atlanta, already recognized as the main pivoi for trains in the southeast, was to become a great war center. The city immediately became a Confederate manufacturing hub. where arms and equipment were made, and a military depot where food, clothing and ammunition temporarily were stored before being shipped to the battle lines. General Bragg soon made Atlanta the base of his army. A hospital was established at Alabama and Pryor streets, where hundreds of wounded soldiers were treated and given medical care when the federal army gradually forced the Confederates south.

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1 837 -- A T L A N T A C E N T E N XI A L -- 1 937

DAYS OF SORROW
Seldom have a series of battles been discussed with so many "ifs" by southern military scientists as the Atlanta campaign, when the city spent many days and nights listening to gun shot before the gradual onslaught of the federals. Few acts in military history have surpassed the cruelty of General Shcrman's burning of a city already severely stricken and shell-shocked.

GENERAL SHERMA\ WITH TH E Cl'N'S THAT TOOK ATLANTA General William Tccumsch Shcrtnan and his battery, a unit of the Federal forces that was prominent in the siCRC and capture of Atlanta in IHG-t. This pholo was la ken at the time of the formal occupancy of the captured cit\. General Sherman is standing in the right foreground with his arm resting upon the cannon.
The horrible campaign which resulted in Atlanta being reduced to ashes began near Dalton. Southerners, under the command of General Joseph E. Johnston, were gradually being forced to retreat toward Atlanta. Several battles were hard-fought along the Western & Atlantic railroad before the campaign reached a climax at Kennesaw mountain, where thousands of federals were killed as they tried to take the Confederate position.
At this time Sherman had 112.819 men. while General Johnston had only 59.2^. With al most twice as many men. the northern general forced the southerners across the Chattahoochee river by Hank movements.
Confederates had been driven from Marietta to the west side of the Chattahoochee river when another Hank movement threatened to cu t off any communication with Smyrna. Sherman threw his famous "gveat wheel" around the city, forcing fohnston's troops to retreat to the east side.

1837 - A T L A N T A C E X T E X X I A L -- 1937
COMMAND ORDERED CHANGED Just at this time occurred one incident which has caused so much theorizing among histo rians and military men. As the southern general prepared to fight the northern unit under Thomas, he received a telegram from President Davis. telling him to turn over the command 10 General John B. Hood. About this time--July 17--federal forces crossed the Chattahoochee in three places and soon crossed Peachtree creek and formed a wheel about the city. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon of July 20. Hood attacked several units on the outskirts of the city. A fierce battle, where hundreds of soldiers fought hand to hand, resulted in a northern unit reporting -100 dead and the south losing -JOO with about -1.000 wounded.
FIRST SHELL STRIKES CITY A shell from this battle, the first to strike the city, hit at East Ellis and Ivy streets, killing a child with its parents.
The next day was quiet and then on July 22 came the Battle of Atlanta.
HOWELL'S BATTERY \V.\S MAIN CONFEDERATE DEFENSE Shown here is Howell's battery, the strongest emplacement of the right of the Confederate Hne. which extended a mile beyond Howcll Mill road, in the daxs whet) Sherman grcchiallv moved on Atlanta. The batten1 was commanded by Captain E\an P. Howcll and was situated on Deerland where Jack J. Spalding's home is today. '
This battle, one of the most important and most tragic in the Civil \Var. followed a sudden and desperate attack by Hood on the grand division of General McPherson. Gaining an advan tage by surprising the federals. Hood's troops glimpsed a victory and then were forced to retreat by the strength of numbers.

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1837-ATLANTA C E x T E x N I A L - 1937

1837 -- ATLANTA C E x T E s x i A L -- 1937

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Hood nevertheless turned on Sherman's right, broke through his main lines, captured many valuable guns and killed all the federal horses. The northern general then began warring from the highlands in northeast Atlanta, which he had taken with his first attack. As soon as Confed erate forces weakened before his long-range fire. Sherman's units attacked on the opposite side and won the territory they had lost just a short while before.
Confederate soldiers soon began to burn their supplies and ic> make other preparations for leaving Atlanta.
SUFFERING RAMPANT
Never has the city known such suffering as during this 40-day siege. A hospital was set up in a city park, where doctors worked among exploding bombs, smoke and blistering sun. Prices were exorbitant all during the campaign. Flour sold for S300 a barrel.

ATLANTA. GEORGIA As il appeared on the entrance of the Union Army under General Sherman. September 2.
View of Dccnuir and Pcachlrcc Streets from Marietta Street.
On August 31, Sherropn prevented communication with the outside world, and the next dayHood's forces left the city: Citizens waited breathlessly for a word from Sherman. \Vhen the federal general finally spoke, he announced that Atlanta must be evacuated.
Appeals of Atlantans, officially made by Mayor James M. Calhoun and several councilmen, went unheeded. Sherman announced that Atlantans would have 10 days in which to leave the city.
It is estimated that 4-16 families, many poverty-stricken, left Atlanta. Sherman's army de stroyed 4,500 buildings- Four hundred were left standing.
CRUCIAL CAMPAIGN1
The Atlanta campaign was of paramount importance to the Confederacy. Since the city was a military center, a defeat of southern troops here meant that the xi'ar would be short-lived.
Many believe if the command had not been taken from General Johnston, the Confederate army would have won, while many others believe there would have been no Atlanta campaign had Johnston carried out the wishes of the President and leading southern generals by attacking

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1837-ATLANTA CENTENNIAL- 1937

federal forces in Tennessee, instead of beating retreat. During the retreat Johnston is reported to have killed many more men than he lost and his soldiers were said to have been in good con dition when they reached Atlanta.
When Atlantans began coming back in November, they found the city had been mercilessly destroyed. By December 15, 1864, however, a reporter wrote for the Augusta Chronicle:
".Many of the old citi/cns are returning, and the general watch-word is repair and rebuild."
ATLANTA RECOVERS TO BECOME INDUSTRIAL CENTER
(1865-1900.)
Critically wounded by the war and facing a long period of political indignities as well as the sleeve-jerking annoyances of carpet-baggers, Atlantans nevertheless turned to rebuilding the city with the remarkable enterprise which since has become known far and wide as the "Atlanta spirit."

I'RYOR AM) ALABAMA STREETS IN THE EARLY IK70s The cupola to the left is oil the Georgia Railroad building, still standing. The smaller one to the right of it adorned the home of Atlanta's first fire engine company. The one to the extreme right is on the old conrt house. The American Hotel is in the foreground.
The streets heard a constant creaking of carts, wagons and hand-barrows, and the noises of the saw and hammer. Citi/ens had not forgotten that the topography of Atlanta made it the natural gate city of the southeast. In one year after reconstruction was begun, there were 11 large business houses, two hotels, and express building and a printing shop, in addition to the resi dences.
Though Atlanta quickly regained the business air of pre-war days, the political situation in the state was deplorable and* it became necessary for the city fathers to make some decisions re garding future government.

1837 - A T i. A x T A CENTENNIAL- 1937

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ATLANTA FROM I HE ASHES 1. Whitehall from Alabama: 2. Fi\c Toim* of the pavi; 3. First Oipitol Imilding: 4. Central .\\CIIHC: 5. Old Governor's Mansion: 6. I'caclurcc Street; 7. Alabama Street; S, Edgcuootl Avenue at Five VoiuiM V, Old
L'nion Depot. 1880.

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1837- ATLANTA C E \ TE x x i A L--1937

As a consequence, in June, 1865, Atlamans held a mass meeting to discuss returning to the Union and means of restoring law and order in Georgia. At a second meeting in September, they elected delegates to the state convention at Milledgeville, where representatives drafted a letter 10 the President asking amnesty for the disfranchised citizens of Georgia.

For several years Georgia suffered under military law, enduring plunder by carpetbaggers, radicals and negroes. Finally, when called upon to fight for freedom by several of the great statesmen of Georgia. 20,000 persons flocked here on July 23, 1868, to attend the "Bush-Arbor meeting." For Georgians, famous addresses made that day by General Robert Toombs, Benja min Hill and Howell Cobb seemed to dispel most fears for the future.
GROWTH RESUMED
Despite political troubles. Atlanta was growing and increasing in power even faster than it did in years just before the war. In 1869, the population was 21,789, though it was only about 10,000 in 1860. Just one year after the conflict, Atlanta businessmen organized a board of trade, which was succeeded in 1871 by the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce.
The year 1872 marks one of the most important events in the city's history, for in this year the public school system was inaugurated. Probably no step in the city's progress was so freely discussed or so widely approved as the system of public education.
This city-wide enthusiasm over what probably is its greatest institution, seemed to hail the glorious period just ahead for a section destined to develop under the imagination and elo-

1837 -- ATLANTA C E x T E x x i A L -- 1937

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(juence of ihe great prophets. Benjamin Hill and Henry \V. Grady. For a long time Atlanta had energy and ambition; now it had vision.
At this time not only Atlanta, but the entire south, saw its fortune in industrialism. "Imlustry--educated industry--" declared Benjamin Hill, "has taken possession of its exhaustless stores of nature, and of nature's forces; is daily lifting up her hands, full of all new inven tions: is filling the earth with her instruments of elevation and improvements; is grasping conti nents and binding the nations in a bundle, and with right royal confidence, is bidding kings and rulers, empires and republics, obey."
CRISIS WEATHERED But as Atlanta and other cities reached for the new fields pointed out by Hill, there came the crisis of 1873. Even then, however, Atlanta did not suffer by comparison with most cities. Not a bank failed and though business was sluggish, Atlantans managed to hold tighi-fistedly to whai they had.

I'ppcr left: Equitable Building. l'r\or Slrccl. I'ppcr right: I'cachtrcc Slrccl. l.ower left: Governor's Man sion. Lower right: Picking Cotton.

In fact, the years from 1870 to 1880 saw the greatest progress, probably, of any period in the

city's history. Many improvements which were started before the crisis were completed. Most

important of these was a system supplying the ci:y with water, installed at a cost of approxi

mately S500.000.

More women and children came to town--and came more often--after a street railway had -

been installed by George \V. Adair and Richard Peters. Many buildings were built on Fryer/

street, and Atlantans, walking on Sunday afternoon, saw new homes and several church buikt -

ings going up on the fringe of the city. H. I. Kimball built the new Kimball house.

.

At night Atlantans attended DeGive's opera house, where such great artists as Forrest and

Booth, Sarah Bernhardt, Fannie Davenport, Scojt Thomton and Richard Mansfield performed.

There was marked progress in religious, educational, social and commercial fields. The popu

lation had grown to 30,869-

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1 837 - A T L A X T A C E N T E X N 1 A L - 1937

MADE CAPITAL IN 1877
Doubtless the most important event during the period came in 1877, when Atlanta was made the capital city of Georgia.
Atlanta took one of her first concrete steps toward industrialism with the cotton exposition of 1881. After several meetings of prominent Atlantans, including Henry Grady, it was decided that the city should raise one-third of the capital stock and other cities should raise the balance.
Citizens here contributed their quota in one day and made preparations to open the expo sition on October 5 with a brilliant military and civic parade.
There were more than 1,000 exhibits, mostly from the south, and the main exhibition build ing represented a cotton factory. Thousands attended the fair. When Grady and his colleagues checked the expenditures at its close they found the gross receipts amounted to S262.513, while the cost was S258,475.

COTTON STATES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION
Atlantans gained experience here which enabled them in 1895 to stage the Cotton States and International Exposition, probably the city's greatest public enterprise.
"The 'sky-scraper' era of the last decade has wrought wondrous changes in Atlanta's sky line," wrote one historian in 1901.
With 700 manufacturing industries in the city, Atlanta was established as the leading indus trial and manufacturing city of the south. During this period the "hustle-bustle" spirit best showed itself. From 1896 to 1900 alone 52,367,303 was spent for dwellings. At the same time, several hotels and public buildings gave height to Atlanta's skyline. Grady hospital had been completed in 1892 at a cost of S100.000, raised chiefly by private subscription.

1837-A

, N T A C E N T E N XI A L -- 1937

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ATLANTA RISES TO ITS PRESENT GREATNESS
(1900-1937.)
\Vith the turn of the century Atlanta entered a period of such rapid development that a re view at the end of each year since leaves some sections of the city dotted with new parks, schools, viaducts, highways, public buildings and other imposing structures.
By this time practically all of her railroads were completed and she began to be nationally recognized as the headquarters of southern commerce and industry. Already the day when she would be famed for homes, office buildings, churches, educational institutions and recreational centers was in sight.

I'pper left: Fort Walker ami General McPhcrson monument, t'ppcr right: Stale Capitol. Lrmcr Icfi: First Methodist Church ami Grand Opera House. Lower right: Kimtxtlt House.
Three times since then--in 1910, 1921 and 1925--citizens have voted bond issues, totaling more than 520,000,000, used for an extension of the waterworks and to build schools, sewage disposal plants, sewers, three viaducts and the city hall.
To see with what force the city moved--in 1907 Atlanta spent approximately 5250.000 to pave streets and to build sewers and sidewalks. The following year the city auditorium-armory was completed.
OPERA COMES TO CITY
\Viih an auditorium, Atlanta, as far back as 1910, saw an opportunity to do something which was done by no other municipality other than \ew York city. Inspired rather than intimidated by the boldness of the venture, she immediately made plans and in 1910 the Metropolitan Opera Company came here for its first season.
In this same year, under the administration of Mayor Robert F. Maddox, citizens voted the first bond issue of 53,000,000 and took a vital interest in the new Fulton county courthouse. This building cost 51.500,000, and was handled without a bond issue.

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1 837 -- A T L A \ T A C E X T E N X I A L -- I 937

ATLANTA TN HER CENTENNIAL YEAR
1, Modc-rn Atlanta homes in North Penchtrcc section; 3, Atlanta today (Five Points in circle): 4, Puxlmom Park: 5, Grant Park: 6. Druid Hills home.

1837 --ATLANTA C E N T E N N i A L-1937

23

In 1917. after the city obtained 1.500 acres of land and had a water main laid in the prop erty, the government established Camp Gordon. Several million dollars were .pent there by the
government for construction of buildings.

GREAT FORWARD MOVEMENT
One of the greatest strides taken by Atlanta came in 1925 with "The Forward Atlanta Move ment," which was organized-by the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Nearly SI.000.000 was spent between 1925 and 1930 to advertise Atlanta. It is estimated that 762 concerns, with pay rolls aggregating S34.500.000, came here as a result of the movement.
In 1929 the city purchased Candler field and Atlanta became a great hub of aviation, with lines operating to metropolitan cities of the east, south and midwest.
Atlanta's increasing fame and the fact that its annual growth is measured by hundreds and thousands prove that the selection of this spot as the site of the city was a wise and far-sighted move. She continues to maintain a business supremacy over all cities of the south.
The United States Department of Commerce, in one of its commercial surveys of the south east, says:
"Atlanta is generally recognized as the principal headquarters city of this region, being the seat of a large part of the regional administrative machinery of concerns marketing their services and commodities in the territory."

NATIONAL CONCERNS HERE
More than 1,700 nationally known concerns have branches here for manufacturing or for warehousing and distributing purposes.
Atlanta has 3.796 retail and 642 wholesale stores. Her immediate trade area extends 100 miles in every direction, while her wholesalers, jobbers and salesmen cover the entire southeast.
She is the base of federal activities in the southeast. There are more than 37 permanent gov ernmental divisions which employ nearly 5.000 persons. Among the larger federal organizations here are the Federal Reserve Bank, fourth corps area headquarters, federal penitentiary and Fort McPherson.
The railroad center of the south, 102 passenger trains arrive each day. while more than 500 merchandise and package cars leave here over 15 lines. The two railway express companies handle about 4,850 cars a month.
There are 142 buses coming in and going out of the city each day. In addition to hundreds of unscheduled trucks, 75 regulated truck lines serve the city daily.
Atlanta is the largest telephone center in the south and the third largest telegraph center in the world. Last year the postal receipts amounted to S4.321.691. making Atlanta the leading parcel post distributing point in this region.
Situated near the foothills of the Blue Ridge mountains, on a ridge which divides the water shed of the Atlantic from that of the Gulf of Mexico, Atlanta has the greatest altitude of any city of its size, or larger, in the country, except Denver.

HEART OF COTTON BELT

She is in the heart of the great cotton belt of the south and has been the dominating agri cultural power of the state for generations. Here is one of the largest cotton markets in the L'nited States.
More than 1.400 commodities are manufactured by her 762 factories.
The value of her products is said to be 564,822,748 annually.
Atlanta is the third largest insurance center in the world. It has scores of large drygoods and furnishings houses.
It is the largest millinery center in the southeast. It has one morning and two afternoon newspapers and many other publications. It is the home of the Coca-Cola Company, the largest soft drink concern in the country.
Atlanta is the photo-engraving center of the south.

LIBRARY

6. no.

University Extension Center - Atlanta

24

-- ATLANTA CENTE NNIAL--I (.)fS7

ATLANTA TODAY Top: G>clor:nn:i building in Gram Park. Middle left: New t'nion Sl:nion. Lower Icfl: Henry Grady Mon ment. Mi<Itilc ri^ht: ('.nndler Ficltl airport. l.OM'cr right: City Hall.

1837 -- ATLANTA C E x T E x x i A L -- 1937
Ii is the site of many of the south's leading colleges for men and women. It has more than 350 churches, with more than 100,000 members representing 20 denomina tions. It has IS registered hospitals, sanatoriums. sanitariums and clinics. It has 10 banks and trust companies, three of which are national banks. It has approximately 70,000 homes and more than 20 hotels. For recreation--it has 71 parks, 14 golf courses and 32 theaters, with a toial sealing capacity of 35,358. Atlanta has 54 elementary, nine junior high and five senior high schools. Streei cars here are said to be the finest in the country. Atlanta is served with natural gas and the city owns its huge waterworks.
1,500 PRODUCTS ARE MANUFACTURED BY FACTORIES LOCATED IN ATLANTA
Atlanta's manufacturing plants produce more than 1,500 commodities, ranging from baby chairs to caskets, from potato chips to massive farm implements and the heaviest pieces of ma chinery, and the city is recognized by merchants in every pan of the world as one of the highest ranking manufacturing centers in the south.
With her reputation as distribution center of the southeast, Atlanta's preeminent manufac turing position has sometimes been overlooked. Facts and figures, however, attest her greatness as a manufacturing hub and in recent years the reports of trained investigators have led more and more concerns to establish plants here.
At present there are 758 factories in Atlanta, the value of their products amounted in 1929 to SI36.947.488, and in 1933. a depression year, to nearly S65.000.000. The value of product* man ufactured by plants in Fulton county totaled 108.260,523 in 1933. The wages paid annually by these factories exceed 513,500,000.
A comparison of the values of commodities produced by concerns here and those turned out by plants in other southern cities shows how Atlanta's position as a manufacturing hub some times is buried. In 1933 when the value of Atlanta products exceeded 564,000,000, that of prod ucts in Birmingham, Ala., was below 541,000,000 and that of those in Houston. Texas, was below S58.000.000.
The city's manufacturing assets for the most part are based on hard. logical facts, though its rapid rise to the position of industrial center of the southeast has its foundation in the roman tic beginning of the city. Stephen Long's selection of this territory as the place where he would drive the slake marking the terminal of railroads proved to be a wise and far-sighted move not only from a commercial and industrial, but from a manufacturing point of view. The railroads and other transportation facilities which terminate here because Atlanta is the natural topo graphical meeting place, afford manufacturers a smooth and steady means of distributing prod ucts as xvell as of gathering raxv material.
STRATEGIC POSITION' DESCRIBED
Atlanta's strategic position has been thus picturesquely described by a bulletin of the Cham ber of Commerce:
"For if the two great traffic lanes of America--from Chicago, south and east; from New York, south and west--are*<6nsidered as arms, and are crossed at the wrists--Atlanta controls the hands and fingers of the south. All traffic going to the 15 encircling southeastern and gulf ports must go by way of the railroad lines that pass through and radiate from Atlanta, the wrists, down along the 10 fingers to the sea."
One of the most striking characteristics of Atlanta industries is diversification of commodi ties. The city is dominated by no one industrial group.
Commodities manufactured here include automobiles, steel implements, textiles, chemicals, fertilizers, furniture, paper and paper products, candy and confectionery, priming and publish-

26

1837-AT LA XTA CENT E x M A L - 1937

ing. lumber, jewelry, mattresses, signs, bread, cakes, flooring, clocks, auto glass, soft drinks, syrups, medicines, dental instruments, stoves, plating, canvas goods, polishes and cleaners, toilet articles, clothes, hats and hundreds of other items.
HEAVY MANUFACTURING
Massive implements and wire are turned out by steel plants here. Two internationally known automobile companies have manufacturing plants in Atlanta. Here are made the things needed by other manufacturers, contractors, doctors, druggists, fanners, business supply houses as well as the countless items needed to run the home and the community. And these commodities are shipped to most every part of the world.
Diversification of products as well as labor, industrial sites, warehousing facilities, power and natural resources offered by Atlanta is taken into consideration by manufacturers who establish plants here. Much may be written on each of these assets, natural or acquired, which belong to Atlanta, the city which is just now 100 years old.
The temperament of the Anglo-Saxon labor found in Atlanta is without the unreasonableattitude found among workmen in many parts of the country, which has led to numerous strikes and increased cost of production. By tradition, laborers here give a "fair day's labor for a failday's pay." There is little strife between employes and employers. Both are aided by living con ditions in Atlanta, where the normal living expenses are 7.5 per cent below the national average.
SITES ARE NUMEROUS
As for sites on which to establish manufacturing plants, the city, long known as a railway center, offers many locations alongside of railroad tracks and near small streams which provide water for steam power. In addition, hundreds of nationally known industries are established here for warehousing or distributing purposes and thus increase Atlanta's facilities for shipping finished products or gathering raw materials.
From the standpoint of power, the Atlanta area offers a steady, adequate flow of power at a price said to be cheaper, with one exception, than in any industrial district in the country." A merger of large companies recently increased the potential output of plants serving the city. New power projects are being developed to keep in step with the industrial growth of the section.
One of the most important industrial assets of Atlanta is natural resources.
GEORGIA LEADERSHIP
Georgia, of which Atlanta is the capital, leads all states in the Union in producing peaches, watermelons, peanuts, sweet potatoes, pecans, barytcs and fullers earth. The state produces, or is capable of doing so, 44 of the 52 commercial minerals, most every type of fruit and vegetable, lumber, livestock and poultry.
The city's potential watcrpower is a result of the topography of Georgia, and its many dif ferent minerals are accounted for by the diversity of the geological formations.
The state produces more than 25 different kinds of minerals in commercial quantities. In 1933 the value of Georgia's mineral products was 518,740,930. Among the minerals offered by the soil of the state are asbestos, barytes, bauxite,chlorite, chromite, clays, coal, feldspar, fluor spar, fullers earth, granite, graphite, limonite, hematite, limestone, manganese ores, marbles, marls, mica, ocher. pyrite, setricite, serpentine, slate, soapstone, talc and tripoli.
To have an accurate picture of the potentialities Atlanta and Georgia offer manufacturers one also must take into consideration that the city is the financial and commercial heart of the south. Although Atlanta ranks thirty-third in population, it stands fifteenth in bank clearings. More than 1.700 of the country's foremost business organizations have branches here, and sev eral great concerns recently built factories here at a cost of millions of dollars.
Many manufacturers who established plants here have pointed out that the city is at a place from which the southern market may best be covered, and from which goods may be rapidlytransported to the coast.
Seaports near Atlanta, include Charleston, Miami. Tampa, Key West, New Orleans, Savan nah. Gulfport, Mobile, Jacksonville. Pcnsacola and Brunswick. Express trains generally cover the distance between Atlanta and these cities in from JO to 15 hours.

1837 -- A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL-- 1937
As to inland markets and sources of supply, Atlanta holds a strategic position, with 15 lines of eight railway systems radiating to all cities in this section.
Atlanta's growth and present importance as an industrial center is shown by the following figures on the value of the products manufactured here, even during economic depression: 1890, SI6.707.000; 1904, 525,746,000; 1909, 533,038,000; 1914. S41.279.000: 1919. S113.992.000: 1921. 579,815,237: 1923.5122.284,262: 1925. S13I.236.952: 1927. SI 15.830.250; 1929. S136.497.488: 1931. 56-1,822,748.
The value of products manufactured by Fulton county factories for the years 1927, 1929. 1931 and 1933 totaled S597.559,026.
"\o longer can industry hope to serve the country from any one point, however centrally lo cated," declares the chairman of the industrial bureau of the Chamber of Commerce. "Out of the changing methods of marketing has arisen a demand for quicker and better service--possible only through the establishment of branch plants and sales organi/ations.
"Startling as the growth of the south must seem to ether sections, it is but the logical outcome of a growing realization of the overwhelming natural advantages that arc here. All the world is awakening to the vast resources of the south and today her great industrial development is out stripping all attempts to record it. Atlanta is the logical place from which to serve this rich area."
It is the automobile center of the south and is the hub for large motor buses and motor irucks.
Atlanta is the second largest mule market in the country.
It abounds in points of interest, including the home of Uncle Remus, the cyclnrama paint ing of the Battle of Atlanta and many relics of the \Var Between the States.
It has the reputation of being an ideal convention city.
It is recognized as the "office building" center of the country, being outranked only by San Francisco, based on proportions of population.
Yet all these facts merely touch the edges of Atlanta's story and point out how Atlanta of today will take progressive strides in business, education, art, religion, transportation, communi cation, government, civic--and all the countless other things which will make Atlanta's future even greater than her past.--Courtesy Atlanta Constitution.
ATLANTA IS FAVORED BY EQUABLE WEATHER
Although Atlanta is in the deep south and her winter temperatures average as much as 10 or more degrees above those of cities in a slate as far north as Ohio, in the summer her days are only about 1 or 2 degrees warmer.
In climate Atlanta has one of her greatest assets. Even though the weather is an old story, everyone is interested in a climate which even professional weathermen say is "most delightful." Because of her pleasant weather, the mildness of her winters, the coolness of her summer nights and the fact that she is out of the southern stonn area, northern tourists arc each year coming to Atlanta in increasing numbers.
Those who think of the severe ice and snowstorm winter before last and the number of ex cessively hot days this summer are reminded by George \\-. Mindling, Atlanta's official weather forecaster, that weather must be judged over a period of many years. \Vhen one considers the "average," Atlanta ranks high among cities enjoying pleasant, healthful weather.
WINTERS ARE MILD
"The most important factor is the mildness of her winters," says Mr. Mindling. "Believe it or not, but the average here during the three coldest months, December, January and February, is only about 44 degrees. The weather is not freezing on half the nights during December and January.
"As for summer weather, we don't suffer extreme heat any oftener than they do. let's say. in Ohio. I believe also you'll find drouth is less frequent here than it is there."

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1837-ATLANTA C E x TE x x i A L- 1937

Atlanta's topography is responsible for her favorable climate. She is situated at the foothills of the Blue Ridge mountains at an altitude of 1,050 feet above sea level, and thus is relieved of the humidity which makes southern summers oppressive. At the same time, her low latitudes assure her against the extremes of cold in winter.

WATER SUPPLY PURE

A pure water supply, evenly distributed rainfall and a high altitude make Atlanta one of the healthiest of American cities.
The operation of transportation and communication systems, and other utilities, arc seldom delayed by cold and snow. The costs of fuel, clothing and other necessities are reduced by At lanta's good weather.
The mean temperatures of a few months, based on a 45-year period, are given here in de grees Farcnheit:

January ._...._............................ 43.2 April ............._..._........................60.8 June _.......................................76.1

July ............................_....._._.....78.1 August ......................._....__....77.1 November ._............__........_.....52.1

The normal annual precipitation at Atlanta, also based on a 45-year period, is 49.30 inches.

CITY'S POPULATION GROWING RAPIDLY

The population of Atlanta was first recorded in 1854 when there were 6,025 persons in the city. It is a remarkable fact that even though all civilians were ordered to leave the city following the Battle of Atlanta by 1866 the population was nearly 20,000. Since then the city has grown by thousands during every ten-year period.

Atlanta's census growth may be seen by the following figures:

1870 ...................................... 21,879 1880 ..................................... 37,409 1890 ...................................... 65,533
1900 ...................................... 89,872

1910 ._._._............................. 154,839 1920 ............._....................... 200,616 1930 ...._............................... 270,366

ATLANTA RECOGNIZED AS MEDICAL CENTER
Atlanta is recognized as the leading medical center of the southeast. There are 18 registered hospitals, sanitariums, sanatoriums and clinics in the city, which have a total bed capacity of more than 2.000. There are 10 clinics for the diagnosis and the treatment of general medical and surgical diseases and those requiring the services of specialists.
The city has 685 physicians, white and colored, with 425 white members of the Fulton Coun ty Medical Association. There are also 100 graduate registered nurses in the city.

______18S7 - A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL- 1937

29

THE STORY OF "THE STANDING PEACHTREE"
B> EfGEXE M- M1TCHELL OF ATLANTA. C.A.. JAXl'ARY. 1928
AXGING on the wall in the Georgia State Library at the Capitol is Early's Map of Georgia made in 1818. On Peachtree Creek near the Chattahoochce River the town of Standing Peach Tree is shown on this map. At that time the lands southeast of the Chattahoochee were occupied by the Creek Nation of Indians and those north west of that river by the Cherokee Nation. Where Atlanta now stands was a densely wooded wilderness. It is a fact not generally known that this pan of Georgia was still Indian country for many years after states farther west were thickly settled by the white people.
Atlanta is situated in a strip of territory that was long a debatable land between the Creeks and Cherokees and in which occurred many conflicts between their war bands. Toward the end of the eighteenth cemury the boundary between these tribes became fixed, largely as the result of several treaties with the United States government. The Cherokees occupied the country north and west of the Blue Ridge, the Chestaice River and the Chattahoochee River down to a place called Buzzard's Roost not far from Austell. By the treaty of Fort Jackson in 1814 the Creek Jndians ceded all their lands northeast of the Hightower Trail, and out of these lands were cre ated Rabun, Habersham. Hall. \Valton and Gwinnett Countics-
The Hightower Trail is a path or pony road extending from the Etowah (or "Hightowcr") River in northwestern Georgia southeastwardly to High Shoals on the Appalachce River. This trail may still be described, and parts of it are still used as a road. It is the boundary between DeKalb and Gwinnctt Counties. It crosses the Chattahoochee River at the shallow ford near Roswell and runs through the northern part of Fulton County and along or quite near the southwestern edge of Grogan's District. It passes a little to the cast of Stone Mountain and down into Newton County whence it bends northeastwardly until it reaches High Shoals. Dur ing the Indian times it was one of the principal highways for travel and traffic in this part ol Georgia. Connecting with it was the Stone Mountain Trail which ran through what is now Decatur and Atlanta to the Standing Peachtree on the Chattahoochee River and thence across into the Cherokee Country.
On January 8, 1821, by the treaty at Indian Spring the Creek Indians ceded all their lands between the Chattahoochee and Ocmulgee Rivers up to the Hightowcr Trail, and out of part of this territory was created the county of Henry, xvhich has been carved up into several coun ties. In 1822 a part was taken to create DeKalb County. On December 20, 1853. Fulton County was created out of part of DeKalb County and now consists of the fourteenth and seventeenth districts of Henry County and parts of the fourteenth district of Faycttc and the sixth district of Gwinnetl County.
In 1821 the Creek Indians moved from what is now Fulton and DeKalb Counties, but the Cherokees still inhabited the country on the northwest side of the Chattahoochcc River until about 1835 when they were removed to Oklahoma by the United States Government.
In 1836 a law was passed by the General Assembly of Georgia for the building of the West ern and Atlantic Railroad from the Tennessee line near Rossville to the soulhcastem bank ol the Chattahoochee River, and if it had not been amended its terminus would have been near Standing Peachtree: but. by an act passed December 23. IS37, its terminus was fixed at a point in DeKalb County not more than eight miles southeast of the Chaitahoochce River, "as shall be most eligible for the running of branch roads thence to Athens, Madison. Milledgevillc. Forsyth and Columbus." It is stated in the "History of Atlanta and Its Pioneers" by the Pioneer Society that Colonel Stephen H. Long, the chief engineer of the railroad, drove a stake in mark the terminus in the year 1837. This was the beginning of what is now Atlanta. This spot is nowmarked by a stone post in the northeast part of the Union Depot near the corner of Central Avenue and Wall Street.
Until this time the country now surrounding Atlanta was very sparsely inhabited. Chamer Humphries built the "Whitehall Tavern" at the corner of Park Street and Whitehall Street (now Peters Street) in the early eighteen-thirties. A few families such as the Colliers, Jetts, Poolcs, Thurmonds. Littles. Connallys. Montgomery's and others occupied lands in the surround ing country. Hardv Ivy built the first house in what is now Atlanta on land lot 51 in the vear 1835.

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1837 --ATLANTA C E x T E N x i A L--1937

The land whereon is now situated Atlanta and its environs was recogni/ed by the railroads as a strategic point. Jt was already the place where the wagon roads from Stone Mountain, Decatur and Hog Mountain crossed and debouched for Newnan, Sandtown and Marietta. But the vicinity of Atlanta had also been recognized by our Indian predecessors as the proper place for their principal town in the northern part of their domain. Suwannee Old Town was a village near the present town of Suwannee in Gwinnett County. Sandtown and Buzzard's Roost were lower down the Chattahoochee. There were other important places farther south. But the town of Standing Peachtree was the most noted Indian settlement in this part of Georgia. It was a strategic point for travel and for trading with the Indians. Only licensed traders were permit ted to enter the Indian country or traffic with them. This business assumed large proportions. As early as 1741 there were 46 licensed traders at Augusta trading with the Creeks and 49 others from South Carolina trading through Augusta with the Creeks and Chickasaws. (See White's His
torical Collections, page 600.)
There were others trading with the Cherokees. This traffic continued until the Indians were removed from Georgia. Standing Peachtree was favorably located for trade not only with the Creeks but with the Cherokees across the river. Canoes and boats plied up and down the river to the other villages and there were trails or paths along the river.
The village or "town" ot Standing Peachtree was situated at or quite near the location of the present "River Pumping Station" of Atlanta Waterworks, on lands now belonging to the City of Atlanta and the heirs of Mrs. Martha Howell Lyon and the estate of Thomas Moore, on land lots 242, 231, 232, 219, 220 of the seventeenth district of originally Henry now Fulton Coun ty. It very likely extended along the southeast bank of the Chattahoochee River for some dis tance north and south of Peachtree Creek and back castwardly along Peachtree and Nance's Creeks. Nance's Creek empties into Peachtree Creek about a half mile above the mouth ol Peachtree Creek. The old Peachtree Road (now called the "Moore's Mill Road") crosses Peachtree Creek on land lot 220 about a mile from Bolton near Moore's Mill, which is situated on Peachtree Creek a short distance above the junction of the two creeks. There was a large Indian mound where the pumping station is now situated.
The old ferry landing of the "Montgomery Ferry" is on the bank of the Chattahoochee River in land lot 242, about a half mile north of the mouth of Peachtree Creek. It is now filled up by a large sand bank. On the river bank on the south side of the landing is an immense syc amore tree and on the north side a small branch runs into the river. At this landing the Indians
and traders crossed the Chattahoochee before the settlement of the country by the white men.
On December 25, 1837, an act was passed by the General Assembly to authorize James M. C. Montgomery to establish a public ferry "across the Chattahoochec River, upon his own land, in the counties of DeKalb and Cobb, at a place known by the name of the Standing Peachtree." The act of the General Assembly is on pages 112 and 113 of the published laws of 1837.
The land records of DeKalb County were nearly all destroyed by the fire which burned the court house in Decatur in 1842 and the deeds to James M. C. Montgomery can not be found, but it is a notorious fact that he owned the land on both sides of the river and operated this ferry until his death. His will was probated at the November term 1842 of DeKalb County Inferior Court and is of record in Book A, page 14. He willed to his son H. B. T. Montgom ery and his daughter Rhoda \arcissa Brown "all my land on both sides of the Chattahoochee River and Peachtree Creek adjacent to and joining the river" (with the exception of certain lands named in Item 5), including "saw mill, grist mill and ferry."
To the Standing Peachtree led a network of Indian trails before the white man came. It was the terminus of the Peachtree Trail and the Stone Mountain Trail and one of the objectives of the Sandtown Trail. The Peachtree Trail ran along the top of the Chaltahoochee ridge from near Toccoa to Buckhead, where it divided: one branch continuing by way of what are nowcalled the Pace's Ferry and Moore's Mill Roads to Standing Peachtree; but the other branch led southward from Buckhead across Peachtree Creek and struck the Sandtown trail at Five Points in what is now Atlanta. And when the Cherokee country was opened to settlement by the white men the principal crossing place in this part of Georgia was at Standing Peachtree. The canvas-covered wagons swarmed along the Old Peachtree and Stone Mountain trails to occupy the new lands in northwest Georgia.
In the State surveys of 1821 the Indian trails are delineated in the seventeenth district (that is north of Eighth Street) but not in the fourteenth district south thereof. The trail along the North Decatur and Marietta Roads (afterwards called the Montgomery Ferry Road) is shown

1837-- ATLANTA C E x TE xx A L-- 1937

31

and also the Peachiree trail (which divided at Buckhcad), but the Sandtown trail through Five Points in Atlanta and out Whitehall and Peters Streets and Cascade Avenue is not indicated.
This old Sandtown trail was one of the historic roads of this part of Georgia. It is unfor tunate that its name southwest of Atlanta has been changed to Cascade Avenue. That part in Dccatur is now called Atlanta Avenue. It runs, generally, along the Georgia Railroad and en ters Atlanta under the name of DeKalb Avenue and runs along Decatur Street to Peachtree Street: thence it follows Peachtree and Whitehall Streets to Mitchell Street; thence diagonally to the corner of Forsyth and Peters Streets and thence out Peters Street to Gordon Street, out Gor don Street to Cascade and follows the latter road through Fulton and into Campbell County.
On July 9, 1832, the Inferior Court of DeKalb County ordered that a road be opened up from Hardy Pace's settlement on Nance's Creek to J. A. D. ChildresY (Place) on the Sandtown Road.
On September 3, 1838, the Inferior Court ordered that "a route for a road as lately marked out by Hardy Ivy, Benjamin Little, Benjamin Thurman and Hosea Maner be opened out and kept up as one of the public roads of said county, said road commencing at the Sandtown Road near the southern terminus of the Western & Atlantic Railroad and intersecting the Nelson's Ferry Road near Reid's Shantee." The writer has never been able to trace this road satisfactor ily. The terminus of the railroad was then as now at the present Union Depot at Wall Street and Central Avenue. But the writer has found no one who knows where Reid's shanty was. He has always understood that the Nelson's Ferry Road was coincident with the present Nelson Street and thence extended out Greensferry Avenue and the West Hunter Street Road to the Adamsville Road formerly known as the "Lickskillet" Road and thence to Nelson's Fern-, afterwards Green and Howell's Ferry on the Chattahoochee River. He hazards the guess that the new road laid out in 1838 began at Five Points and ran along Marietta Street to Magnolia Street and thence out Magnolia Street and West Hunter Street Road to the Adamsville Road. This may be a mistake. It is a fact attested by the Pioneer's History that Terminus had six roads: the Decatur. Marietta. Peachtree, Whitehall and McDonough Roads and a road from the Marietta Road along Magnolia and \Vesi Hunter Streets to the Green and Howell's Ferry Road.
But let us leave the realm of speculation and return to that of proven facts.
During the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain the Creek Indians were in alliance with the British. To hold them in check and prevent their depredations upon the white settlements a line of forts was built by the authorities of the State of Georgia. One of these was "Fort Peachtree," situated on a high hill or promonotory just north of the mouth o( Peachtree Creek in the angle between the creek and Chattahoochee River. The top of the hill was leveled off and it is said that a fort or stockade was erected of logs. At the present time there is no vestige of the stockade, and the top of the hill has grown up in large trees. But the large level spot on the top of the hill is a sufficient indication that it was once occupied. At the for ward end nearest the river is an old breastwork or rifle pit. No one seems to know whether it is a relic of old Fort Peachtree or of the War between the States. When General Sherman sought to break into Atlanta in 1864 the hills on the southeast side of the Chattahoochee River were fortified. The prow of this hill overhangs the river and gives the impression of a small Gibral tar. Up this steep side steps have been dug and rude pieces of flat stone placed on them. These steps have the appearance of great age. The top of the hill is thus easily accessible.
In the War of 1812 George R. Gilmer, afterwards Governor of Georgia, was placed, as a young lieutenant, in charge of a detachment of soldiers, who occupied Fort Peachtree. In his book "Georgians" he stales: "My appointed station was on the banks of the Chattahoochee about thirty or forty miles beyond the frontier, near an Indian town, not far from where the Georgia (meaning the Western ic Atlantic) Railroad now crosses the Chattahoochee River . . . A few days after my arrival at the standing peachtree a ruffian Indian fellow came into the camp with some fine catfish for sale." He also speaks of "a meeting of the chiefs of the Standing Peachtree, and two or three chiefs of the neighboring villages." See pages 253, 25-1, 235, and 257.
Sherwood's Gazetteer, published 1829, states on page 103 that the town of Decatur was "95 miles northwest of Milledgeville, 25 miles southwest of Lawrenceville, 9 miles southwest of Rock Mountain and 12 miles east of Standing Peachtree on the Chattahoochee."
In a signed newspaper article dated October 11, 1910, Mr. Robert C. Alston, of Atlanta, quotes these passages from Gilmer and Sherwood as evidence that the name borne by Peachtree Road is historic and not merely fanciful or traditional.

32 _______1837-ATLANTA C EXTE N x i A L-1937__________
Dr. Lucian L. Knight quotes these passages from Gilmer's "Georgians" and "Sherwood's Ga zetteer" in his "Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials and Legends."
It will be noted that the name is spelled "peachtree" in both of these citations.
The Peachtree Road and Peachtree Creek took their names from "The Standing Peachtree"; either from the village or from the tree for which the village was named.
How did the place, the creek and the road acquire this peculiar name?
There is a j>ersistent tradition that the name was derived from a tall pine tree near the mouth of the creek, the sides of which had been blazed by the Indians to obtain rosin or pitch; hence the name "pitch tree" which became corrupted into "peachtree." The writer has heard it said that this "pitch tree" was on the top of the high hill where the fort was located and was such a prominent landmark that it could be seen for a great distance.
Miss Virginia Hardin, whose grandfather was the first clerk of the Superior Court at McDonough in Henry County and served as a soldier at Fort Peachtree, says that he stated that it was his understanding that the name was derived from a pitch tree. Hon. Thomas H. Jcffries, now Ordinary of Fulton County, who was reared in that neighborhood, says that Hiram Casey, one of the earliest settlers and for many years justice of the peace and for whom the district was long called Casey's District, told him that the name was derived from a pitch tree. And ihat such was the derivation has been occasionally stated in newspaper articles.
The State surveys made in 1821 and now in the office of the Secretary of State call the creek "Peachtree" Creek.
The oldest reference to "Peachtree" on any of the County records is on page I of the min utes of the Inferior Court of DeKalb County of May 20, 1823: "That a road leading from the standing peachtree to Gwinnett County (known by the Hog Mountain Road) be a public road and that the same be put and kept in repair." As DeKalb County was organized in 1822, this is proof that this road (which can be none other than the old Peachtree Trail or Road) existed before the white people acquired the lands from the Indians.
On the same page is an order, "Ordered that there be a new road cut out from the Peachtree the nearest and convenicntesi route to intersect the boundary line at or near Sandtown."
On March 26, 1828, the Inferior Court ordered "That the road be opened and cleared out from the three mile post leading from Decatur towards the peachtree to the Peachtree Road at or near James Hooper's on said Peachtree Road."
On November 25, 1829. it was "Ordered that a road be opened and cleared out from the standing Peachtree to Leonard Hornsby's and kept up as a public road as has been marked out by Hiram Buckley, Wesley Martin and Llndsey Elsbcrry."
The minutes of November 1, 1841, show that the Peachtree Road was open at "Williams' Gin" at that time.
It will be noted that the name is spelled "peachtree" in all these records.
Atlanta's earliest lawyer was Leonard C. Simpson, a gentleman of high character and ability. He xvas the father of Mr. F. M. Simpson who was for many years "City Investigator" in the office
of the City Attorney. Mr. Simpson told the writer that his father had been a member of the Georgia Guard xvho removed the Indians from Georgia, and that his father told him that the Peachtree Creek and Road took their names from a large seedling peach tree of the red Indian variety which stood near the bank of the creek and whose immense size made it an object of mark. Mr. Simpson said that his father took cuttings from the tree and planted them in his garden, and that he (F. M. Simpson) still had some of the descendants of that tree in his garden in At lanta. This was about thirty years ago. The writer has always regretted that he did not get some cuttings from Mr. Simpson.
Hon. Franklin P. Rice was one of Atlanta's most distinguished citi/ens. He was a boy of seven years when his parents settled in Atlanta in 1849. He had a very versatile and retentive mind, stored with all sorts of information. He told the writer that Burch Jett. who was a hunter and trapper in this county before the Indians left, told him that Peachtree Creek was named for a "clump of peach trees" near the place where the creek was crossed by the Peachtree Road.
But there is the evidence of an eye-witness which cannot be criticised as hearsay or tradition. On April 25. 1897, Mr. Robert Adamson, who was then on the staff of the Atlanta Constitution, published an interview with Mr. George Washington Collier, called "Wash" Collier, who was then Atlanta's "oldest inhabitant." Mr. Collier was born in 1813 and in 1823 moved with his father Meredith Collier to lands which his father bought on Peachtree Road between Atlanta

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and Pcachtree Creek. At the time of his death in 1903 Mr. Collier was one of the largest land owners in Fulton County. He owned the Aragon Hotel, the building at Five Points on Peachtree Street between Edgewood Avenue and Decatur Streets, the lands where Anslcy Park is now situated and numerous other lands. From Mr. Adamson's interview I take the following cxccrpt:
After they began to build a town at Decatur a new era began in \Vash Collier's life. He got the contract for cam-ing the mails between Decatur and Altoona, Georgia. He made the trip iwice a week back and forth, carrying the heavy mail bags on his shoulder and nearly all the lime covering the entire distance on foot. Nothing better illustrates the hardy and determined character of the man than the fact that through rain and wind and snow and sleet he never missed a trip, never lost a letter, never had a complaint made against him.
Those trips between Altoona and Decatur!
Rough pilgrimages they were, calling forth all the bravery and fortitude of the pioneer's nature.
"The nearest post office to this place then," said Mr. Collier, "was Standing Peachtree."
"Standing Peachtree?" I asked. The old fellow laughed merrily.
"Yes; Standing Peachtree," he said. "I thought you'd ask that. There's nobody around here could tell you about that. Jonathan Xorcross couldn't, and yet ihey call Jonathan the oldest citi/en."
"Maybe you never heard of Standing Peachtrec? You don't know where Peachtree Street got its name do you?"
"Peachtree Creek, I should say."
He laughed again. "But where did Peachtree Creek get its name? Maybe \oifd like to know that. Jonathan Xorcross couldn't tell you that.
"This is the way it was: Standing Peachtree post-office was right where Peachtree Creek runs into the Chattahoochee--right where the pumping station is now. It was noi Peachtree Creek then--they called it some Indian name. There was a great huge mound of earth heaped up there --big as this house, maybe bigger--and right on top of it grew a big peach tree. It bore fruit and was a useful and beautiful tree. But it was strange that it should grow up there on top of that big mound, wasn't it? And so they called the post-office out there Standing Peachtree. and the creek they begun to call Peachtree Creek. I've passed it many and many a time going on u'ith my mails. There's nothing remaining of it now."
It would seem that this ought to settle the question. It does settle the fact that the creek and the road and the post-office took their names immediately from the peach tree. From the pecu liarity of its location on top of the mound one might infer that it was planted there. And it may have been planted there because the place was already known as "Peachtree." And that name may have been a corruption of the words "pitch tree." And there may have been at an earlier period a great pine tree on the top of the hill beyond the creek, bla/ccl by the hatchets of the Indians and visible for miles around, and after its decay and death it may have been super seded by the peach tree on top of the Indian Mound. There is the tradition in favor of it. But for lack of any further definite information, the writer adopts the view that the peach tree de scribed by Mr. Collier was the origin of the name. Peach trees have been known to reach sev enty years of age in the United States and there is an instance in France of a peach tree 95 years old.
What was the original Indian name no one appears to know. Perhaps some future anti quarian may discover it.
It was "Peachtree" in 1812 and in 1818 and 1823 and 1830 and 1837. The name is more than 115 years old. How much older we do not know. Evidently it was given after the traders began to filter through the Indian country from Augusta and Charleston. And it was probably a place of importance long before the traders named it.
The same geographical reasons that made "Standing Peachtree," within three miles of the present limits of Atlanta, the principal Creek town in this neighborhood and the chief trading post for the early traders have made Atlanta the great metropolis of the Southeast.
The Indian mound at Standing Peachtree has long ago vanished. If there were any remnants they were destroyed in constructing the pumping station and the Seaboard Air Line Railway. There are no descendants of the peach tree in the vicinity.

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Perhaps the writer attaches too much importance to the origin of a mere name. But it has become a matter of interest to him because this old Indian peach tree (or pitch tree) gave its name to the Indian town near the site of Atlanta which was the metropolis of the Creeks long before Atlanta was ever thought of and which preceded "Whitehall," "Terminus," "Marthasvills" and "Atlanta"; which gave name to the creek on whose banks was fought one of the noted battles in the War Between the Slates; and for which was named the most famous business and residential highway of Atlanta.
ATLANTA'S FIRST PHYSICIAN
By FRANK K. BOLAXD, M. D.. JUXE, 1933-
; OR the past three years a committee appointed by the Medical Association of Geor gia has been compiling a History of Medicine in Georgia, and is still engaged in the arduous task. Among the facts which the committee is endeavoring to ascertain is the name of the first physician to settle in each community or town in the state. This information is taken to mark the beginning of medicine as a profession in each
locality, although it is understood that some form of amateur medicine and midwifery had to be practiced before the arrival of one calling himself a regular physician. The general assembly passed an act in 1825 appointing a board of medical examiners to examine applicants for li cense to practice, but it is recognized that for many years there were doctors, and sometimes good doctors, who practiced medicine without a license. Some of these men, and some of those who held a license, had graduated from a medical college, while many others had only "read" medi cine under some older practitioner.
In a series of articles entitled "Makers of Atlanta Medicine," by Dr. J. L. Campbell, pub lished in the Bulletin of the Fulton County Medical Society in 1929, it is stated that in 1842, in order for a resident of Terminus to secure the services of a physician, it was necessary to travel to Marietta or Decatur. As is well known by students of Atlanta history, Marietta and Decatur were joined in those days by a stage-coach route. Dr. T. J. Collier, who lives today at 1781 Peachtree Road, near Peachtree Station, says that the old roadway of this stage-coach line can still be discerned in his back yard. How this route missed our present Five Points!
In the opening chapter of the papers written by Dr. Campbell, he tells us that Dr. Joshua Gilbert was the first physician to practice medicine in Atlanta. The descendants of Dr. Gilbert, and many other Atlanta citizens, have always known this to be true, but certainly the fact has not been given publicity in recent years. It was natural for Dr. Campbell to be interested in the matter, since he always has evinced a lively interest in medical history, and originally hailed from Hapeville, near the home of some of the Gilbert family.
The first doctor to locate in the territory now known as Fulton County was Dr. William Gil bert, grandfather of Dr. W. L. Gilbert, at present practicing in Atlanta, and a member of the Board of County Commissioners. This pioneer moved to this section about 1830, and settled on the Campbellton Road, to serve the thinly populated sections around old Utoy, Mount Gilead and Mount Zion churches. He rode for many miles on horseback to reach these scattered neighborhoods. Carrying his equipment in his saddlebags, he dispensed medicine to the sick and comfort to the dying. Just before the civil war Dr. Gilbert moved to Atlanta and formed a partnership with his brother, Dr. Joshua Gilbert.
It is interesting that Dr. Joshua Gilbert and Dr. Crawford W. Long, the discoverer of anes thesia, were born the same year, and Dr. Long also practiced in Atlanta, but only for one year, 1850. Long did not think Atlanta offered much promise as a place to raise and educate his grow ing family, so he moved to Athens.
Joshua Gilbert was born in Clcmson County, South Carolina, September 17, 1815. He "read" medicine for a short time with his brother, then attended the Augusta Medical College, now the Medical Department of the University of Georgia, where he graduated in 1845. He

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settled in Atlanta to practice medicine the same year. Judge John D. Humphries is authority [or the statement that our present Atlanta was called Marthasville in 1843, and became the town of Atlanta in 1845, and was chartered as the City o Atlanta in 1847.

Our boasted "Atlanta spirit" seems to have had a natural, spontaneous origin. At a time \vhen railroads were new, and aroused great enthusiasm and hope for the future, three different

routes for the "iron horse" consummated their entrance into the little village within a period of four years. The Western and Atlantic Railroad from Chattanooga was finished in 1842, the Georgia Railroad from Augusta arrived in 1845. and the Central of Georgia from Macon and Savannah came in 1846. Such epochal events, so closely timed, engendered civic pride and spirit which have endured to the present day. Widespread attention was attracted, and the town

grew and developed rapidly, so that Joshua Gilbert was the sole physician for only six months. The next to arrive was Dr. Stephen T. Biggers, and soon many others followed, to help start

Atlanta toward becoming a medical center.

For many years the name of Josh Gilbert was a by-word in this part of Georgia. He was a typical example of the doctor of the old school, well versed in the medical lore of the day, not

learned in the science of medicine, but. knowing a great deal about the an of medicine, with out which knowledge no modern doctor of today can achieve the greatest success in practice. A newspaper account of his death in 1889 (the same year that Henry Grady died) says that Dr. Gilbert built a home on the ground where the old state capitol stood, the present site of. the

Western Union building, Marietta and Forsyth streets. He put up an office on Marietta street, between Broad and Forsyth streets. He practiced his profession until a few years before his death, but, after the civil war, left Atlanta and moved eight miles into the country near the

Campbellton road.

During the early part of his professional career Dr. Gilbert was the leading physician of

Atlanta, certainly the most popular, so described by Dr. G. G. Smith in Martin's "Atlanta and Its Builders." He rode either horseback or in his little sulky, carrying his saddlebags and com

pounding his own medicine. Dr. W. L. Gilbert recalls his finelooking uncle, and asserts that he could roll the biggest bluemass pills he ever saw. He carried a whistle with him on his rounds, and would stand on the corner and blow to let people know that the doctor was about and would not be that way again that day. He kept no books, and never presented a bill, al though he appeared to prosper in worldly goods. Joshua Gilbert fulfilled the idea in those days of a "natural born doctor," and was loved and esteemed by all who knew him.

In 1854 Atlanta began to be a medical center, when three medical institutions were estab

lished, the Atlanta Medical College, the Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal, and the first medical society, known as the Brotherhood of Physicians. The college and the society were formed by Dr. J. G. \Vcstmoreland, and the journal was started by J. G. Wesimoreland and his brother, for. W. F. Westmoreland, Sr. Also the first fee bill and Code of Ethics was published the same year. This document was signed by fourteen physicians, who might be called the Apostles

of Atlanta Medicine.

They were:

X. D'Alvigny, M. D.
Jas. F. Alexander, M. D.
Josiah A. Floumoy, M. D. H. A. Ramsay, M. D. Joshua Gilbert, M. D.

Hayden Coe. M. D. T. C. H. Wilson, M. D.
X. L. Angier, M. D. J. G. Westmoreland. M. D.

W. T. Grant. M. D.
B. M. Smith, M. D.
Thos. Denny, M. D. H. Westmoreland, M. D. J. M. Damall. M. D.

Dr. Gilbert was not connected with the medical college, but he was a member of Atlanta's

per mile.
Atlanta's first physician practiced medicine in 1845 almost as it had been done for manyhundreds of years before. It had been shown that quinine would cure malaria, but nothing was known about the mosquito conveying the disease, a fact which was not discovered until 1S97. About the only equipment possessed by Dr. Gilbert which was not in the armamentarium of the Father of Medicine, Hippocrates, who lived 400 B. C., was the stethoscope, and it is doubtful if Joshua Gilbert used it regularly. He did know that vaccination would prevent smallpox, but there xvas no law requiring vaccination, and the disease killed many people in Atlanta even in
the eighties and nineties.

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And what could the Father of Atlanta Medicine know about prophylaxis in the scourge of child-bed fever? Antisepsis was not announced by Lord Lister until 1867, so there could be no safe surgery in 1845. Appendicitis was not described by Fitz until 1886, but it must have existed in Atlanta in Gilbert's early practice. Of course it was not diagnosed as appendicitis, and if it had been, nobody would have been able to treat it successfully. Altogether, medical science has added thirty-five years to the span of human life since the war between the states, due to the discoveries of the past ninety years, and to the brilliant progress in the treatment of the diseases of children, which saves so many babies in the first years of life.
So, all the more honor to Joshua Gilbert and the magnetic type of old-time practitioner he represented, for laboring so courageously under such handicaps! If he was not acquainted with science, he had an almost equally valuable asset in his knowledge of human nature. If he could not bring healing into the sickroom, he could bring comfort and cheer, which too often is all we can today. He held the confidence of his patients as much as the medical pro fession does in the present generation, and sometimes perhaps to a greater degree.
Dr. Gilbert's distinction as being the first physician to practice medicine in Atlanta was commemorated by the Fulton County Medical Society, September 17. 1932, the 117th anniver sary of his birth, by placing a wreath on his grave in Utoy Church cemetery. At the same lime a wreaih was placed on his wife's grave by the Woman's Auxiliary of the Society.

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE PARISH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA
TO WHICH IS ATTACHED THE PARISH REGISTER OF BAPTISMS. BIRTHS, AND MARRIAGES, 1846 THROUGH 1871
B\ STEPHENS MlTCHELL. SEPTEMBER. 1927
SHE earliest records of the parish are contained in an old battered book in which il appear the register of confirmations, baptisms and marriages. In the front of the Jl book appears the following request: "I hereby beg Mr. Terence Doonan of AtJ lanta, Ga., to keep this Register under lock until a resident Priest shall take charge =a of it. He will be so good as to present it to every Priest who having jurisdiction shall have administered the Holy Sacraments in order to make record. John Barry. V. G. (Vicar General)." The first persons baptized were George Washington Shipley and Sarah Lavinia Shipley, chil dren of G. W. Shipley and his wife Susannah Barnes Shipley, on August 9th, 1846, the Reverend John Barry performing -the ceremony and Terence Doonan and Elizabeth Barry acting as spon sors, and Mary Divers, daughter of John and Susannah McCauley Divers, for whom Daniel Dougherty and Mary Dougherty acted as sponsors. The names most frequently occurring in these early records are Doonan, Lynch. O'Brien, McCaffery, Fiugibbons. Dougherty, Cassidy, O'Keefe, Connolly, Riordan, Killips, Creed, McCowan, Gilchrist, Tyrrell, Divers, Fit/gerald, McCaffeiy, Dowling, Cavanah, McGinley, Mann, Connon, Dobingcr, Faulkner. During these early days many counties were attached to this parish and there are frequent heads of "Cass Iron Works Cass County" (now Bartow County); "Hightower, Forsyth Coun ty;" "Dogwood Valley, Walker County," Dalton, etc. On May 27th, 1849, there is the first entry under the name of Thomas Francis Shanahan, the new pastor, the baptism of Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Sieglar and Ann Bona Sieglar. In 1851 the name of Reverend J. F. O'Neill appears as pastor. New names appear, such as Holliday. Gavan, Lynan, Kcenan, Lynes, an occasional slave was baptised, as on August I3th, 1851, Frederick Gabriel Fiugerald, slave of Ellen Fit/gcrald, was baptised. In 1851 the following note appears: "The Catholics of Atlanta have been hitherto under the charge of the Pastor of Macon, and occasionally visited by other clergymen of the Diocese.

18.">7 -ATLANTA CENTENNIAL-- 1937

37

On the I3th of February of ihe present year I was appointed Pastor of Atlanta, by Rt. Revd.

F. X. Canland, Bishop ot Savannah.

'

J. F. O'Xeill, jr.

In 1852 the Bishop of Savannah made his first visitation and made the following entries:

"May 2. 1852. On this day I made the visitation of the Church of the Immaculate Con

ception, Atlanta, Ga.--and administered the Sacrament of Confirmation to the following, viz:

Patrick John Rice, William Kay, Daniel Joseph Green, James Aloysius Doonan, William Jo

seph Masseling, Peter Andrew Cannon, Patrick Alphonsus Garvey, .Mary Catherine Massel-

ing, Johanna Magdalene Masseling. Wilhelmina Marguerita Masseling. Catharine Ursula Mas-

scling, Eveline Mary M. Smitt, Margaret Kay, Catharine Theresa Dougheny, Mary Agnes

Cannon and Rosa Eiseman."

Francis Xavier, Bishop of Savannah.

Raphael, son of Victor Petet and Marie Terese Henrietta Van Marbrecht. spon Hardy De Beaulieu and B. E. Petct."
On March I0th, 1857, is the first record of the Reverend James Hasson who on that date baptised Joseph Roberts. {laughter of J. J. Roberts and his wife Valentine Dubois Roberts.
Father O'Xeill continued as pastor during 1858 anil the following record confirmations appears on January- 10th:
Timothy Lynes. John King, James Patrick Cannon, William Rogan, John Josef Garvey, Michael Thomas Enright, John Bartholomew O'Sullivan, William Knowles. Mrs. Eli/abeth McGrath. Sarah Carlton. Catherine Haverty, Catherine Lynes. Man- Ann Cro/ier. Ann Eli/abeth Doonan and Margaret Doogan.
In 1859 Reverend James Hasson was pastor and evidently continued as such until 1861 when the names of the Reverend Thomas Reilly and J. Kirby appear on the records. During this period the names of Haverty, Stephens, Gatins. Lagomarsino. appear. One of the found ers of the "Atlanta Herald," St. Clair Abrams. is noted as a sponsor during this era.
On November 7lh. 1871, ihe name of Reverend J. B. Duggan appears as pastor, he having on that date baptised Edward, son of John and Mary Lagomarsino.
The first record of a marriage in the city of Atlanta is that of Michael Bloomfield and Eli/abeth Malonc, performed January 20th, 1851, by Rev. J. F. O'Xeill, although it was pre ceded by several marriages performed in other counties which were parts of the parish such as that of Owen Lynch in Cass County, and Bartholomy O'Bricn and Adeline Kirkpatrick at the same place on August IIth, 18-16. that of Oliver Wrighi and Ellen Riordan in Murray County in 1848. Patrick Mansfield and Xancy Watson in Allatoona on June 1st. 1848. Bernard McGiriley and Susannah Fitzgibbons in Cass County in December. 1847. Michael McCord and Miranda Turner and Pat Sullivan and Miss Turner in Fayette County in 1848. Robert Holliday and Man- Ann Fil/gerald in Fayette County on June Ifith, 1848.
The first official record of the parish of the Immaculate Conception is found on the Deed Records of DeKalb County (Atlanta was formerly in DeKalb County). On June 23rd. 1847. Terence Doonan conveyed by Warranty Deed to Ignatius A. Reynolds, Bishop of Charleston, Lot 4 in Block 17 in the City of Atlanta containing 1 acre for the purpose of erecting thereon a Catholic Church. On February 23rd, 1848. Daniel McShafFery deeded Lot 4 in BlocV 12 of Land Lot 77 of the 14th District containing one acre on the southeast comer of Loyd Street (now Central Avenue) and East Hunter Streets to I. A. Reynolds, as Bishop of Charleston, and his successors in office, for the purpose of erecting and maintaining a Catholic Church on it.
In 1848, Georgia was still a part of the bishopric of Charleston and ihe spiritual needs ol the widely scattered Catholic population were attended to by its Bishop. But in Atlanta Catholics were beginning to be found in sufficient numbers to warrant the establishment of a church.
The first parish record is dated 1846 as was noted above.
The original Catholic population of Atlanta was largely Irish with an admixture of Ger mans and some French. The names that are most often found on the early parish registers are those of the hardy pioneers who built and operated our first railroads.
The first mission priest was the Reverend John Barry, who offered up ihe first mass in the city in the home of either Patrick Lynch or * * McCullouch about 1845. He was succeeded by the Reverend Thos. F. Shanahan in 1849. The first resident priest came in 1850. He was

38

1837 - A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL- 1937

Father J. F. O'Neill, Jr., and was pastor until April, 1859, succeeded by Father James Hasson who served from 1859 to May, 1861. White's Historical Collections (1854) gives the Catholic population of the town as being 250.
During the late Civil War the priest was the Reverend Thomas O'Rcilly who is known most favorably as the person who persuaded General Sherman to spare the churches of the town when he burned the rest of the buildings in 1864. (See Pioneer History of Atlanta, pages 155-6). Father O'Reilly built the Church of the Immaculate Conception as it now stands and built the Convent of the Sisters of Mercy on Central Avenue. He established the first Cath olic school in the town.
In 1850, Georgia became a Bishopric, with its head at Savannah, and the allegiance of the ntw parish was transferred to that city. The progress of the parish until the Civil War was apparently satisfactory, though its growth was slow. At that time American Catholicism re lied almost entirely for its growth on foreign immigration, and except for Irish and German immigrants there were few in the South. During the Civil War there was a great growth of population in the city of Atlanta, and though almost all of the male members were enrolled in some branch of the service the parish continued to exist and hold its own under the charge of
Fathers Hasson and O'Rcilly.
After the Civil War was over there was a long period during which the church did well to hold its own. No new people came South. The native population furnished no field for con versions. The people were poor and unable to give very great assistance to the church au
thorities.
During this period, stretching from 1865 to 1900, the parish consolidated its population. It was no longer an experiment, but a fixture. It had found who were the true and loyal Catholics in its midst. It had added some names to its roster, chief of which was that of the Spaldings, probably the oldest and most distinguished English Catholic family in the South. It had drawn to itself many of the Catholics scattered through the surrounding territory and who had been in danger of losing the faith through lack of attention.
Around 1880 the new parish of the St. Peter and Paul, now Sacred Heart Parish, was de tached from the parish of the Immaculate Conception.
Despite the loss of so much of its territory and population the parish has held its own. It now (1927) supports three priests and maintains its own school. Its pastor, the Reverend Emmett Walsh, has recently been raised to the Bishopric of Charleston, an honor which is most unusual for a priest of his age. Under Father Walsh the church's charitable and intellectual sides were stressed and in addition to this there was a great increase of devotion.
The following are the names of early Catholics in order of their appearance on the baptis
mal register:
1846: G. W. Shipley, Sarah L. Shipley, Mary Divers, Richard Collinan. John Lynch, J. A. Harvey, Elizabeth Carlin, Mary O'Brien, Elizabeth Connor, Mar)' Creid, Archibald O'Brien, James Lynch, John Carrol, Mrs. E. Mann, Ellen Connolly, Mary Jane Glynn. Elizabeth Smith.
1847: Elizabeth Lynch, Bridget O'Brien, Mary E. McCaffery, William Doonan, Catherine Fitzgibbon, James Gilchrist, Mary Lynch, Mary Fit/gibbon, C. Cassidy. E. Doughcrty, Daniel Dougherty, Owen O'Keefe, Anne M. Connolly.
1848: John T. Riordan, P. H. Xewman, )ohn Ncwman, Mary Lewis, Bridget Cannon, Henry Killips, Anne McCowen, J. T. McCowen, Will Creed E. Gilchrist, Mary Tyrell, W. H. Tyrell, Ellen E. Divers, Catharine Dowling, Mary E. Murphy, Will McCaffery, Margaret A. O'Brien, W. T. Heffernan, M. Lynch, Sarah Fitzgerald. John and Cherry (sla%'es of M. A. Cooper), Charles G. Maner, Charles McGinley, James Cavanah, Mary A. Carrol, John O'Connor, Mary O'Connor, Will O'Connor, Elizabeth O'Connor.
1849: Ann Elizabeth Roonan, Mary Elizabeth Sieglar, Catharine Immell, Daniel McCuIlough, Patrick Lynch, Mar)1 Anne Ray, John Gould.
1850: Ann Mann, Mary Mann, Susan Creed, Charles Beruff, Carl Dubler, Joseph Flynn, Robert, slave of Phillip Fitzgerald. Christopher Mansfield. Patrick McMahon, Margaret Gould,
Savannah Murphy, Thomas Garretl.
1851: Elizabeth Dowling, Ann Eliza Divers, Catharine Cannon, Sarah E. Kay, Man- R. Tyr rell, Lucy Jcanne Cassidy, Mary McMahon, John Ryan, Mary Gavin, Mrs. Elizabeth Kunan, Anna Kreinger, James Garvey, Isabella Fitzgerald, Robert Holliday, Anton Kontz. Jeremiah Callaghan, Patrick Wheelan, Sarah Cody.

1837 --ATLANTA C E N T E x x i A L--1937

39

1852: Catharine Furlong, James O'Brien. James M. Carroll, John P. Roneche, Hilary E. Florsch, Laura O'Brien, Emily Glynn, \V. D. Glynn, Sarah Susan O'Connor, John Thomas O'Connor, Susan Kirby, Mary Spciran, Susan Fitzgibbon, John Faulkner, fames Faulkner, Jo seph Faulkner, Thomas McMahon, Frances Lynch, E. M. V. R. Petit. Nicholas Petit, Eliza Tierney, James Carroll. James Fury-, Arthur Connally, Martha O'Connor. Mary Bloomfield. Pat rick Creed, Margaret Kincaid, William Kearney, Robert T. Murphy. Ellen Lynan, Catharine Healey, Louis Gray, Mary Ann Gray.
1853: Agnes Sullivan, Elizabeth A. Moran, Man- A. Lynch, Jame, Muqihy, Mary M. McGinley, Jacob E. Gilchreast, Man- E. Mansfield, John Tyrell. Sarah Ann; Seymore, Michael Riordan, Robert McDonough, Mary James Schiken, John Nicholas Hayn-s, Barbara Haynes, William Haynes, Lucy Haynes, Laurence Haynes, Caroline Deubler, Richard \Vhelan, Julia Frances Fitzgerald, James and John, slaves of Philip Fitzgerald: John T. \\'allis, Niceta U'allis. MarySullivan, James Sullivan, John Voting, John Brolly, Margaret Brolly. John Clinton, Caroline Jacobs, Patrick Blount.
1854: Mary E. Kay, John Callaghan. Hannah Lynch, J. P. Divers, Mane K. Smith, Julia O'Connor, Maris Butler, Windsor J. Smith, Man- E. Cannon, George O'Connor, Mrs. Jane Sul livan, Mary Crozier, Mary Considine, William McDonough, Mary A. O'Xeille. Manin Kennedy. Frances Lynch, Mary Murphy. James Tucker, Romi Robert, Julia Robert, Anna Robert, Mag dalene Dobinger, Gabriel D. Peel. Pat W. Lynch, Mary M. Johnson, Ann Murphy, Julia A. Valentine, John F. Connolly, Michael O'Brien, James Brawley (?), James F. Kennedy.
1855: Wilhelmina L. Hubers, Joseph McGettigan, Mary Ann McDonald, Bridget E. Bloomfield, Jeremiah F. Murphy. Mary Ann Shcehan. J. H. Flynn, Thomas L. Flynn, Catherine Fitz gerald, John P. Weil, Mary McMahon, John Owen McMahon, Maria O'Brien. Jno. McXamara, Catharine Quinn, Rosanna Blunt. M. H. Kearney, John Dugan, Mary Elizabeth Garaughty, Patrick Jas. Cronin, Peter J. Schikan, John T. Savage. Georgianna Kay. Sarah O'Connor. Wil liam Fitzgibbon, Edward Keelly, Mary J. Farley, John Mansfield. Catherine Agricola, Thomas Lawler.
1856: Patrick J. O'Callaghan, Catharine Honoria Tucker, John Harrison. James Garvey, Nich olas Devereaux, John Donougho. John Lewis Peel, Joel T. Ferrall. Michael Butler. Catharine

Kelly,

bcth Parks, Johanna Kennedy. Ellen O'Connor. Mary Eliza Lynan, Margaret Adeline O'Con nor, Augusta Cleveland, Mary Ann Cleveland, Martha Tyrrell, Joseph Gatins.

1857: John Sullivan, Ann Elizabeth Sullivan, Joseph Robert. Virginia McKinney. Thomas M. Donahue, Martha Donohue, Mary Margaret Myers, Frances Antoinette Monaghan. Mary S. Masselling, Elizabeth Glynn, Lucretia Glynn. Honoria J. Ryan, Charlotte P. Savage, Antony W. Jacobs, John Henry Roach, Margaret Edelman, Ann F. Bloomfield, Mary Ellen Kearney, Doro thy Devereaux, Mary Ellen Kay, Margaret E. McDonald, Alice Carroll, Catherine M. Cannon, Edward Gleason, Patrick W. Lynch, Mary Jane Kennedy. Cornelius McAlI, Francis M. McAll, Thomas McAll, Marie Adele Fitzgerald, James H. Wallace, Sarah Elizabeih Wallace. Mary-

Sarah Smith, Margaret Cannon.

1858: Elizabeth McGrath. Sarah Carlton, Catherine B. Strain. Mary Frances Lynch. ManAnn Coyan, Margaret Blunt, William Gray, Stephen A. Ryan. James T. Sullivan. Clara T. Malone, Catherine Divers, Mary Harrison, James P. Tucker, Gustavus Jagcrs, Henry Schaffer, Charles Jager, William Connolly, Joseph Corrigan, Mary Ann Rilcy, John W. Gilcreast. Peter Lynch, Josephine M. Bohmer, Martha O'Connor Patrick O'Connor. Felix Harrison. Henry Mansfield, Richard Keelty. Ellen Fiugibbon. Mary Ann Lawler. Susan Faulkner, Stephen Faulk ner, Charles Faulkner, Thomas Faulkner. Jane Dunphy, Richard Dunphy, Timothy Kavanaueh, Catharine Myers, Eugene Lynch, Mary Fitzgibbon, Isabella E. Cook, Bridget Enright,

_^

,

.

w1

1*1

T

..

T

^__

*~<- ^1. - _-_ _

t

*-^.'__-

^._T_ ____ _ T '. _ __

1?l_-___ I--.*. T

Kan.e. Mary Jane Hayden, Mary Ann Quinn. Thomas Hand, Ellen Danaher. Mary Ellen O'Gallagher.
1859: James D. Ryan, Margaret Ann Savage, Catherine Ann Mclntire, Adelaide Valentino, Elizabeth Lynch, Luke Gray, Eliza Miller, Mary Ann Sheehan, Josephine Ahtstrom, Grace Alice Price. John Emmett Gleeson, James H. P. Golden, Timothy Su'llivan, James Kelly, Earth-

40

1837-ATLANTA C E N TE N xi A L -- 1937

olomew Wall, Joseph Harford, Sarah Margaret Coyne, Mary Feline McCarroIl, Catharine A. Bloonifield, Christopher Sullivan, John McGrath, Mary Margaret Flynn, Catharine C. Holliday, Hannah Murphy, Anne J. Brawley, Henry Brawley, Anne Brawley, Luke W. Lennon, Margaret Anne Roach, Morand Elizabeth Flynn, Jane Turner, Catherine Sullivan, Margaret Holeroan, Cccilia Ellen Cannon, Francis Antony Daniel, John Mahoncy, William Kay, James William Devereaux, William Dunphy, Mary T. O'Halloran.
1860: Ellen Murphy, Patrick Butler, Felix Butler, Robert E. Scanlon, Bridget A. Gleeson, Elizabeth Murphy, James Connolly. Bridget Ennis, Michael Lynch, Margaret Kennedy, Paul Louis Lawrence DeGive, James E. Gatins, Anna M. Sullivan, Jane Celina Gardner, John F. Ryan, Bridget Lynch, Lucinda Fishback, Richard Fitzgibbon, Catherine Corrigan, Mary Anne Ftizgibbon, Rose Mary Marian, Junius E. Nash, Anne J. Golden, Susan Mansfield, Allebclla Smyth, John E. Ellis, Catherine O. McGuire, Bridget Hcggarty, James Lynch, Jacob Schikanc, Emma V. Smyth, Mar)' M. Fleck, Margaret E. Jennings, Ellen L. Jcnnings, Bridget Connor, John Driscoll, Catherine M. Hagerty, Bridget Dunning, Thomas M. Daly, Henry Shaw, Anne Kelly, James Lynch.
1861: T. R. Malone, Bridget Murphy, James F. O'Neill, Mary Bridget Wall, David Fit/ gibbon, Joanna Ellen Sheehan, Mary Elizabeth Mclntyre, Catherine Clancey, Daniel Considine, Francis Kane, Jeannc Feretcr, James Keelty, John Smyth, James H. Beeker, Patrick Enright, Mary Elizabeth Peltcr, Emma C. Pelter, Mary T. Gatins, Mary F. Monagham, Sarah C. Morrissy, Jo-

Anne E. Lynch, Mar)' Helena Lynes, Anne T. Mason, Eliza T. Clinch, Michael Dolan, Ellen Dumphy. Deborah Fitzgibbons, Isabella Bloomfield. Thomas F. Flynn, Mary Doyle, Cassandra Thompson, George J. Cowley, Elizabeth Farrelly, Thomas Wustifold, Margaret Callaghan, Mi chael Cain. John P. Deverous, Mary Ellen Roach, Thomas Henry Ryan, John F. Lcincn, Ellen Maria Callaghan, Mary Cullanes, Maria Eliza DeShean, Elizabeth M. Doyle.
1862: Anne Kearney, Julia F. Divers, James Hogan, Jane F. Simson, John T. Scott, William Smith, Florence Lambert, Charles Murphy, Martha Savage, Jeremiah P. Mahoney, Anna Ma ria Mahoncy. John Henry Gatins, Margaret A. McArdcl, Martin Cooley, Martha Agnes Mc Donald. Frances Lynch, Mary Cullane, Henry Fleck, John Flynn, John H. Daley, Arthur H. Connolly, Joseph P. Lambert, Thomas Emmctt Gleeson, Mary Ann Tucker, Margaret J. Gol den, Mar)1 Ann Grenvill. John F. O'SuIlivan. Edward Dowling, John Bracken, James Bracken. Lewis Bracken, Joseph O'Driscoll, John Patrick McCabe. Charles H. Barclay, Mary Matilda Dooly. Elizabeth Mansfield, Bertha Brawley, Margaret M. Mason. Alice Connors, Margaret Ann Hagerty. Bridget Cain, Bridget Bracken, John Ferreter. George Bcauregarde DuBignon, Patrick Scanlon. Ann M. Green, Hannah A. Hecney. Catherine Hceney, Edward J. Malone, Mary Ann Consadinc. Deborah Wall, Wilhelmina Helena Schickan, August Karl, Frederick Baker. Charles Coyan. John Dunfy.
1863: Joseph Freeman, William Freeman, Cornelius Callaghan, Mar)- Ellen Lynch, Maria M. Dunning, Jonah Gilchreast, Laurence B. Nash, Louisa Jane Richards (a free person of color), Agnes Lynch. John Gray. Pater A. Lynch, Mary Connelly, ? ? Corrigan, Marcella McXally, James Murphy, Edward Monaghan, Elizabeth J. Green. Clara Anne Harcford, James P. Cowley, Thomas Kelly, Victor Emile Lambert, Mary T. Ellis. James Richard Fitzgerald, Annie L. Fitzgerald. William H. Hand, Julia Gatins, James Duggan, James Callaghan. Helen Burke, Hen ry Ruborg. Frank Kane, Ida Fay, Julia Kennedy, Mary Kennedy, June E. Heeny. Cornelia Mansfield. Henry B. Harvey, Benjamin Brown, Francis J. Edelman, Mary Austin, Henry Lynan, Francis Butler. Joseph Frey, John O'Neill, William R. Williamson, Mary Anna Kcating. Thomas F. Dowling. William Farrelly, Mary Margaret Daly, Gustave Kolschen, Honora Mur phy, Man- B. Ryan, Mar)' H. Bergen, Mary Lucy Bracken, Mary Helena Sheehan.
1864: John Lynch, Elizabeth Bloomfield, Robert Ryce, Edward Hughes, Rosanna Lambert, Catharine Sullivan, Dorcas Fitzgibbon, Edward Ryan, Thomas Fitzgibbon, Catherine Caveney. Philip Stephens, Francis Deveroux, Margaret Mahoney, John Kennedy, Mary Gatins. Wilhelm ina Lange, James R. Holliday, John H. O'Connor, Elizabeth Lynes, Elizabeth Johnson, John Lennon, Francis Golden, Andrew Mocklev, William Nixon, John Lynch, Elizabeth Lynch, Catharine Flynn, Mary McNally, Catharine Callaghan, John Scott, Edward Tucker, Catherine E. Sullivan, John Dowling, Michael Mahoney.
1865: Robert Campbell, Helen Campbell, Mary Wall, Andrew O'Holleran, Mary Eliza-

1837-ATLANTA C E N T E N x i A L - 1937

-11

beth Mahoney, James Lynch, John R. O'Dwyer, John Francis Stephens, \ViIliam Gallegher. Mi chael Scanlon, Aloysius Ryan, James Michael Soyle.

1866: Honoria E. Sheehan, Alfred Abrains, Mary Murphy, Mary Dcvercux, Catherine Pinckney, Matilda Dunning, Octavia Penfield, John P. Gatins. Man' Lynch. Delia Broach. Timothy Lynes, Catherine M. Bloomfield, Cecelia Gatins. Henrietta Jenkins, Barnard Cain. Paul P. S. DeGive, Julia L. Brocken, William R. Simpson, John D. Flynn. James Hughes. Catharine Ma son, John Lowther, Edward Hagerty, Mary Brady, Margaret McNally. Honoria Hanlon. Susan nah Poulter (a person of color), John J. Lackart, Edward Corrigan, William J. Finney. Daniel Daly.

1867: Helen H. Wallace, Michael Corrigan, Michael H. Lynch, Julia C. Lynch. Esther J. Campbell, Margaret Haverty, Mary P. Malone, Anthony Gallagher, Estora Stephens. Margaret Sullivan. Peter Lambert, Teresa Merch, John Doyle, Mary E. Plunkett, Catherine Schikan, Mi chael E. McGee, Mary Thornton, Thomas M. Poryson, Francis A. McFarlan, John R. Jenkins, Charles de La Maso, Concepcion de La Maso, Emmanueal dc La Maso. Patrick Mansfield. Thomas Mansfield, Louise Cobb, Helen W. McGovem, William O'Dwyer. Charles I. Ryan. To bias J. Thornton, Sophia Lynch.
186S: Elizabeth Wall, Walter Hutty, Thomas P. Fifcr, Anna Gatins, Edwina O. Baker, Pa tricia Lynch, Thomas Farrelly, Catherine Gavin, Julia Campbell. Martha Poree, Clara Force. Honora Thornton, Elizabeth Gilbert, Helen Gilbert, Elizabeth Hendricks. Laura Hill. Helen Hill. Man- Virginia Peller, Euphenia Loycl. Bridget V. Callaghan. John T. Brady. Annie Eliz abeth Stephens, Honora Daly, Francis Mary Holliday. Helen G. 6'Halloran. Man- J. Lean, John Lyons, Monica Alvarey, Matthew McCuIloch, Joseph (freed slave), Emilia Eli/abeth Pechokli, Francis Siegel, George Adams, Rosina Fcchter. Egidius Fechter, James M. O'Xeill, Jo seph Oliver Wright, Francis Lynch, Josephine Chave. Jeremia X. Wallace. Catharine Muller, Ludwig Muller, John Malone! Ellen McGinty. Anna XI. O'Connor. Anna McGovcrn. Mathilda Muller, Robert E. Finney, Elizabeth Cotighlin. Mary H. Brogan, John A. Havcrnis, Sarah Xallcy. Richard Bloomfield. Alice Madilcn, Anna Gertrude McGee, |ohn W. Muller. Elias T. Winters. Ellen Bray, James Bray, Ellen Ragan, Thomas J. Ragan. Elias Wofford. Jeannc C. Muller. W. P. Cobb Muller, Mary Louise Massclling, Matilda Crafton, Anna (freed slave of Philip Fit/gerald), Elizabeth Martineui. Charles James Chisholm, John Metterreitcr. Charles James Kuhn, Charles T. Madden, John M. Hanlon. Michael Fitzgerald. Mary Helena Turner. Martin Cooley, John O'C. Bennett, Mary E. Bennctt. James Hagcrty. Andrew Flynn. Honora Hughes, W. Lee Brocken, Catherine Lynch, Francis W. Loando.
1869: Edward Mahoney. Mary Helena Hickey, Catherine Aloysius Connolly, Sarah L. Monigan, James Harrison, Alice Helena Ransford, Margarita Helen Merur. Samuel J. S. St. Onge. Teresa V. Monigan, William E. Leaks. George Flynn. Sarah Flynn. James W. Loyd. Margaret Pattison. Elizabeth Caroline Muller, Joseph Wooden (person of color). Lilly Hitam. Marian Kennedy. Mary Anne Cooper. Helen A. Hawthorne. Charles E. Shehan. Julia Gray. Robert Hertell. Thomas P. Cole. Dorothy Hernandez Walker, Louise J. Murphy, William B. parley. Thomas Bomar. William Reardon, James H. Lyons. Emil T. Van Goidtsno\an, Emilia C. Mann. CLeattihtaiarin5'e L'ynch, "W~ illiam" M~. Kennedy' , Franci"s Gleeson.""France-sBar"tley.-. .Lo-uis-e<-H-o-ffn*crr. Mar-y

Francis .

Harold Mary Haverty,

,, William

S.

Gatins.

. Anne

E.

McGee,

_ Stephen O'Donougho.

1870: Margaret E. Fifcr. John H. Steinhauer, Charles M. Van Goidtsnoven. Emile G. Chan-

cerelle, Paul R. Gailmard, Martha Kelly, Mucille Campbell. Solomon Bechtold. Francis Agatha

Sheehan, John Gan-ev, Francis \. Lambert, lames W. Miller, Mary Anne Farrell. Patrick Har

rison. Charles W. Maione, Richard P. Wall, Arthur Taylor, August V. Hcnderson (person of .

color). John House, Mary T. Gatins, Mary R. Verdery, Augustine J. Ryan, Frederic Kindley,

John Flynn, John Brogan, Charles Tiller. Elizabeth Mahcr, Catherine E. Katterer. Christopher

S. McN'ally. Patrick J. Bloomfield, Catherine Daley, Mary O'Connor. Jeanne Acton. Aloysius

Wallace, Isabelle Leucndi, Jeanne Doonan, Trecillia Campbell, Teresa Daly, Pauline A. Bol-

sius, Agnes Flynn, Helen G. Roach, Elizabeth F. Pinckney, Alice G. Pinckney, Clara B. Lynch,

Mary Anne Hanlon, Albert F. Kuhn, Jeremiah Bresnahan, Anthony Byers, John E. Cooley, Margaret Greene, Peter J. O'Donougho, Mary Kennedy, Alice T. Boyle. Thomas J. Brady, Anne

Cecilia Lynan, John Holman, Rose Holman, Louise Kesille, Joseph F. Gray, William P. Joy,

William W. Lovctte, Mary E. Chisholm.

42

1837 --ATLANTA CE N TE N x i A L-- 1937

1871: Clara M. Loyd, Edward T. Murphy, Rosine George, Mary E. Kenney, George S. Police, Robert Dougherty, William J. Connolly, Patrick T. Lynch, Patrick H. O'Sullivan, Robert U'illiamson, Elizabeth O'MulIigan, Mar)' Isabelle Stephens, Louis Anderson, Gertrude Mahoney, Elizabeth Gwinn, Henry E. Ransford," Catharine H. Poulter, Eleanor M. Gatins. Francis Glynn, Julia M. Riordan, Florence Stokes. Louise Rosetti, Helen A. Andoe. Robert E. Andoe, Julia A. Andoe, Mary M. Andoe, Francis C. Andoe, Martha Burns, Madeline L. Kecnan, Mary M. Fenlon, John T. Timmons, Julia O'Leary, James McCaffery, Mary J. Porun, Thomas M. Haverty, Charles G. Shumaker, Mar)- M. Cannon, John Power, Mary Louise Lambert, Helen Flynn, Edward Lagomarsino, Patrick Breen, John P. Mann, Mary R. Hess, Margaret Sheehan, Mary J. McDcvitt, Edwin Kelly, Andrew Cold.
The following is a list of the marriages performed in the Church of the Immaculate Concep tion in the years from 1846 to 1871:

C room

IMG Bride

Divcn Lynch Bartholomy O'Brien

Elizabeth Adeline Kirkpatrirk

1847

Bernard McGinlcy

Susannah Fitzgibbon

1848

Oliver \VrigVn Patrick Mansfield Michael McConnel Patrick Sullivan Robert Holliday

Mary Ellen Rioxdan Nancy Watson Miranda Turner
Turner Mar)' Anne Fitzgerald

1851

Michael El com field James G. Wilson

Elizabeth Malone Catherine Fitzgibbon

James Lynan John Schikan

1852
Maria Connolly Anna Catherine Massclling

1853

Matthew Blunt Thomas McDonald John Daly Thomas Flynn James Bailey Arthur Connolly

Catherine McGinnis Sarah Ann Seymore Mary Kelly Elizabeth Taylor Mrs. Ann McDoivcll Susan Sheridan

Charles Savage Francois Ferdinand
Hvppolytc DcBray Peter Aldrich James Doyle Michael McCullough

1854 Julia Malone Catherine Brouillet Wilhelmina Massclling Catherine Killcn Phcraby Harp
1855

John Von Dahlen

Wilhclmina Jacobs

Dennis F. O'Sullivan

Catherine Malone

Ambrose

Amanda

(Slaves of Philip Fitzgerald)

James Hcrrcn (Harrison' Bridget Gallaghcr

Thomas Malone

Maria Gavin

1856

Dennis Ryan Thomas Riley

Elizabeth Buckley Mary Ann Cleveland

1857

Richard Fitzgibbon
James Coynn Peter Lynch Christopher Sullivan
John Ryan
MachicI L\nch Timothy Burke

Mary Kirby Snrah Quigby Man1 Connor Ann' White Isabella Cosgnnc Margaret Carcy Catherine Bovle

Groom
Thomas Welch Edward Scan Ion James Col pan Peter Bradley James Bccman
Michael Rogati John Peel Richard Watt John Flynn John Gatins
Daniel M a holy Thomas Ellis Thomas Rooncy Patrick O'Ncill Felix Murray
John Doyle Hugh Dunning Joseph Harrison Daniel Fleck Laurence Murrins
Dennis Mycrs Timothy Murphy Timothy O'Connor Alphonsus Lambert
Daniel Callahan Joseph Lambert Patrick Lynch James Connolly Samuel Raborg Michael Kcating Michael Do\le
David Fitzgibbons John Stephens William Henry Large James Hughes James Dent Capt. Walton Smith
There is no record It will be remembered the spring and summi 1864.

Bride
Mar) Hickey Catherine Coll ins Phcrabc McCuIlouh Margaret Callaghan Margaret O'Connor
1858
Ann Roberts Lucia Valenti'no Deborah Kirby Catherine Doughen) Ann Collins
1859
Jane Gray Mary Connolly Anne Mahaly Man Ann Young Anna McManus
1860
Elizabeth R\an Matilda Havertv Anne Enright Mary Mas.sc)ing Hannah Murray
1861
Ellen Connolly Margaret Magcc Kate Murphy Mahala Monigan
1862
Bridget Jennings Man1 Monigan Sophia Hecry Casandra Thompson Matilda Mason Widow Kennedy Widow O'Sulliv'au
1863
Susan OBrien Anne Elizabeth Fitzgerald Man Haverty Mary Sullivan Joanna McCarthy Marion Frances Black
1864

1837--ATLANTA CENTENNIAL-- 1937

43

Groom
Dr. Michael Fitzgerald John J. Slant on J. J. Hcalon David Wallace Henry Hamford
John McMahon Michael Havcrty Thomas Lewis Martin Thornion John Gavin
Martin Kelly. Sr. John Mann James O'HaJloran Thomas Edward Brady William A. Massciing
Charles B. Madden Thomas Hccnan

Bride
1865
Lolly Good hue Marv J. Grimes Jane Campbell Ellen O'Ncill Agnes Fitzgerald
1866
Margaret Rav .Mice O'Bricn Catherine Cordon Jane McGowait Mary Garrett
1867
Man- Nixon Anne Lynch Johanna Murphv Catherine L\om Louisa Cohb
186S
Man Doonan Sue Agatha \Vharton

Groom
Patrick Daly Charles Dunn Luke Grey John Murrav John Gallaghcr Emile Van Goidsmovan William N. Cole Patrick Bradv Henry Olbrick

jBridr
Ellen E. Haxerty Hannah BucUey Margaret Carrol an Bridget Fen ion Anne Jones Catherine Kcll\ Mary Fcnlon Catherine Enrighi Catherine Miller

John Braggs Louisa XX'aguer
Alice Jcnnings Agatha Caie^

1S69
Mary Vndenvood Edward McDcvin Patrick O'Donoucho T. B. Archer

1S70

James P. Cannon John William Deary H. Lindsav
Michael (William) Breen L. E. Sparks
Thomas H. Romar

Helen Kenned\ Caihcrine F. O'Shaughnev;y Catherine Hagan
Anna Fal\c> .\farv Sianion Margaret M. Bomar

DIARY AND LETTERS OF DR. WILLIAM N. WHITE, A CITIZEN OF ATLANTA, WRITTEN 1847NINETY YEARS AGO
INTRODUCTION AND NOTATION BY WILLIAM STAFFORD 1RV1NE
X response to an invitation issued by Mr. Win. R. Hanleiter. there assembled in the parlors of the Kimball House, on April 24, 1871, several of the bona fide first set tlers, and many of the early group of Atlantans.--who vividly related incidents of the natal and babyhood days of what is now a metropolis. This was the first meeting and founding of the Atlanta Pioneer and Historic Society. Many of the state ments made at that meeting were later written and appeared in the City Director)' of 1871, and in 1902 were printed with additional information in the Pioneer Citizens' History of Atlanta. Since these dates several articles have appeared in the various Atlanta newspapers and peri odicals by some of the early citizens.-- items of history, biography and of kindred interest. Then came the larger works of E. Y. Clark, Wallace P. Reed, Thomas H. Martin, and John R. Hornaday: then more recently the two histories of Fulton County by Dr. L. L. Knight and A\ralter G. Cooper--containing much of Atlanta information. The organization of the Atlanta Historical Society, in 1926, was the outcome of a definite purpose to gather and garner all possible historical data, and biographical information that is historical in its revelations. No one citizen was more intensely enthusiastic about securing first hand information con cerning Atlanta from its first days--with its primitive life--social efforts, political tendencies, educational development, industrial plans, and growth in every particular--than was Henry \V. Grady. His editorials appeared time and again, in which he was begging and beseeching the pioneers to tell of those periods--to secure all the first hand information while the actual par ticipants were still living,--to preserve and publish these valuable documents.--the history of Atlanta in its making. An instance of this is the following editorial:
Atlanta Constitution, 1885, April 12. Page 6, Column 1. "Every city in the United States should have its Historical Society. Many of the older towns and cities in the north were in existence a century before organizing such societies, and it is a matter of great regret that they did not begin earlier. By their delay they have lost many notable incidents in their colonial history. Atlanta has reached a stage where everything

44

_____1837 -ATLANTA CENTE x xi AL- 1937

is ripe for the organization of a society that would have little difficulty in gathering and put ting in good shape everything relating to the history of the city and the region around it. Men are still living among us who \vcre here when the forests were unbroken and the noble red man had it all his own way. They saw the first white man's cabin built. They established
Marthasville. They saw the first iron horse come puffing and snorting over the first railroad. They saw the little village grow into a city. They stood Sherman's savage siege,--saw the city given to the torch and later, saw it rise from the ashes and gradually assume its present pro portions.
"With a Historical Society the recollections of these old pioneers could be preserved and handed down to future generations. Jn a few years more it will be too late. \Ve can now get the history of Atlanta from the men who made it, and the opportunity should not be neglected."
So few first hand documents written during the days of the early periods seem to exist. Lost arc the official records of the Commissioners of the town of Marthasville, from its incor poration, Dec. 23, 1843, through the year 184-1 to Dec. 26, 1845, when the town name was changed to Atlanta, and on until Dec. 29, 1847, when the charter was granted to the City of Atlanta, governed by Mayor and Council. Neither can be found the contemporary and semi official documents, the newspapers of 1845 to 1857. This list embraces The Enterprise, The Luminary, The Tribune, The Democrat, and the Southern Miscellany,--all of which were pub lished from 1845 to 1850. These were followed by The Intelligencer, The Christian Teleg raph, The Olive Tree, The Discipline, The .National American,--these were of 1850-60 period-- a few files of The Intelligencer remain. Other papers of the 1850-60 period were, The Atlanta Herald, The Atlanta Republican, The Whig Reville, The Knights of Jericho. The Atlanta Ex aminer. The Southern Blade. The Georgia Blister & Critic, The Atlanta Medical & Surgical Journal, The Southern Confederacy, The Medical fc Literary Weekly, The Hygiene Sfc Literary Magazine, The Masonic and Signet Journal, The Educational Journal and Family Monthly. Of the period of 1860-5, there appeared The Landmark Banner & Cherokec Baptist, The Literary Weekly. The Commonwealth (daily and weekly), Literary & Temperance Crusader, The Daily Locomotive. The Temperance Champion. All of these periodicals carried items of Atlanta in terest. During the war several papers refugeed to Atlanta and were published here until the Federal Army occupation,--among the most noted of them was the Memphis Appeal. After the war was over The Daily New Era and the Daily Gazette, etc.
All this gives emphasis to the importance of a few verbatim transcriptions from a diary and letters of a citizen who lived in Atlanta when it as the town of Atlanta was changed into a city-- from Oct. 21, 1847, to Jan. 17. 1848. almost three months--a citi/cn by name of Dr. William X. White, whose account follows this introduction. Not a word has been changed: each item stands as it was written.
Most of the following information of Dr. While was gathered from an introductory note to the transcripts by Mrs. Idora M. Moore, which was published in the Constitution, Feb. 2, 1896. Mrs. Moore was "Betsy Hamilton," a treasured contributor to the Constitution.
Dr. William N. White was from New York, recently graduating with high honors from Ham ilton College, an institution of superior reputation, which was located in the village of Clin ton, eight miles southwest of Utica. He came south in pursuit of health, and with a purpose to better his career as a teacher,--having a strong hope at the same time of enlarging his financial condition. The news of Atlanta's fine situation, energy and growth appealed to his imagina tion and fired his ambition, so he came to live and be one of its builders. Its open and hearty hospitality, its cooperative spirit, its pure grit, its pioneer primitiveness that was being molded to more established organization and culture, received his endorsement and work. Finally an other proposition offered to him by William C. Richards, carried him to Athens, Ga. Mr. Rich ards was a partner of Mr. McPherson in the Atlanta bookstore, and a newspaper publisher in Athens. He owned and edited the Gazette, also was author and publisher of a valuable work entitled Georgia Illustrated (1842),--handsomely illustrated with steel engravings. Mr. Rich ards saw in young White an enthusiastic and scholarly gentleman whose environment would be more congenial in Athens, and who would greatly assist him. Dr. White accepted the offer, moved to Athens, where not only did he render valuable aid to Richards, but also operated a bookstore--wrote and published a valuable book upon southern agriculture entitled, "Garden ing in the South," and later both owned and edited "The Southern Cultivator." He died in Athens in 1867 in his early forties.

1837 --ATLANTA C E x TE x N i AL -- 1937

45

LEAVES FROM DR. WHITE'S JOURNAL
October 21, 1847. In the center of the northern part of the State of Georgia lies the county of DeKalb, of which the county seat is Decatur. Six miles west of it in the midst o oak and chestnut forests, is the city of Atlanta. I suppose it can hardly be found on the map, for nine teen months ago the first dwelling was commenced. It lies at the junction of three great rail roads: The State, leading off to the Tennessee river and thence connected by steam-boat with the Mississippi,--the Central leading down to Macon and Savannah: and the Georgia to Augusta and Charlotte;--and connecting at Augusta with Savannah by steamboats. The city contains 2,500 inhabitants, thirty large stores; two hotels, that would accommodate 150 each: three news papers; and two schools, one of them taught by a gentleman, and the other by a lady, who teaches A.B.Cs.; 187 buildings have been put up this summer within eight months, and more are in progress. The woods all around are full of shanties, and the merchants live in them until they can find time to build. The streets are still full of stumps and roots: large chestnut and oat logs arc scattered about,--but the streets are alive with people and the stores full of trade, and bustle. Not a church has yet been built, though the Baptists, Methodists and Episcopalians have each one ready to raise in a short time. Preaching is held in the railroad depot, and in ihe school houses, or "academics"--as they are called.
I have thought then that I could not dp better than establish myself here while the place is new and so grow up with the people. H is close to the Allegheney Mountains and consequently cool and healthy. All northern fruits are raised in the county adjacent and so are all northern crops. Nearly half of the population are northern men. Board is cheap, only S8 a month, and three scholars in the higher branches would board me for a year. There are lots of children who I am assured would go to school worth patronizing, and from what I can ?>ec 1 am sure with a good building in a very short time I could make a thousand dollars a year. But there is the difficulty, the only building I can get is a miserable shell of a thing without ceiling and it can not be finished this winter. I have been to all prominent men of the place, who promise their influence, and those who have children, their patronage. For two years there will be great diffi culties on account of the unfixed character of the inhabitants; the poverty of most of ihe pres ent settlers, and this year the discomforts of the old building.
The cotton picking season has just commenced and it comes in at the rate of 50 or 60 wagon loads a day. This is nothing to what it will be in December, and it will continue until Spring; like the butter up north it is brought here to market from places 100 miles distant. Grain and all such supplies come down from the entire CheroUec country, the most populous section of Georgia. I beliex'e the place will be about the si/e of L'tica, X. Y.. exemually, and hence I think I shall stay here.
I am boarding with Dr. Bomar, a Virginian. I like it very much. I pay S8.00 a month. If I stay 1 am to have a nice room finished off for me out of the way of the children, and close by the printing office, where I can go in and read the exchanges, etc.
There are several beautiful springs in the village and the water is good:--the land is rolling. There are not 100 negroes in the place, and white men black their own shoes, and dust their own clothes, as independently as in the north. All through the upper part of Georgia the labor is done almost entirely by white hands. Carpenters get but ten shillings a day here, and labor commands about the same price as at the north. Tuition is S12. SI6. S24. and S32 a year, according to what they study.
I have only been here two days and am becoming quite an old settler. The people here bow and shake hands with everybody they meet, as there are so many coming in all the lime that they cannot remember with whom they are acquainted.
It is cool enough for a fire today; two very slight frosts have occurred this month; leaves are turning a very little;--walnuts and chestnuts are ripe. I have given up eating Irish pota toes since I left New York, as I like the sweet ones so much better. They cook them in a dozen ways, in puddings, in pies, custards, as well as baked. They make capital corn bread, but they always set wheat bread on the table, too--biscuits, batter cakes, etc.--beef and chicken are the meats. I like the fare very much.
The health of the place is excellent; they have coughs, colds and consumption occasionally, and especially up in the mountains. Below us the diseases are mostly bilious.
Last night I called on Dr. Angier, whose academy I can have for S75 a year. It has a bell, but is quite unfinished, and is merely covered and inclosed. This seems a large sum but it is as

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cheap as I can expect at present; for it would bring that as a dwelling house. I have conversed with Dr. Thompson, Mr. Xorcross, Mr. Smith, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Paine and others, who all think it practical to establish myself here on a good substantial basis;--must see Judge Cone, Mr. Collins, Mr. Mimms and make up my mind.
Cotton is raised in rows and about a thousand pounds can be made from an acre of fresh land: one hand can take care of ten acres of good land, and enough ordinary land to amount to the same crop. Sweet potatoes produce one or two hundred bushels to the acre of land; corn fifteen bushels and oats about the same. Peaches are very abundant, and plums, pears, apples, cherries and nearly all northern fruits can be raised.
Atlanta so far has not a good house in the place,--except the hotel.
Friday, Oct. 22. Learned this morning that there is another teacher in the place engaged in the same effort and he has the advantage of me in getting his house free. But 1 have also the start of him in the place, and the fact is we can both live. Went around and got eight scholars.
Saturday, October 23. Went about today and obtained in all twenty-nine scholars,-- shall have thirty at least to commence with, and as the people are all favorably disposed to me, all I have to do is to sustain myself, which with God's blessing I trust I shall be able to do. Saw Frost of Decatur and he thinks there will be little difficulty in establishing myself, though at first the profits will be small. As the other fellow is a lawyer he will not have the same in ducements to incite him as will actuate me--whose all is staked upon the venture.
Frost thinks that I have a much better prospect than he had, and last year he cleared S800. As scholars advance in Algebra and Latin, S32 a year counts up, and I am sure in a year or two to have just as much business as I want.
Sunday, October 24th. We have as yet in Atlanta no city law or charter. The nights are full of noise and commotion which a city government would easily repress. Last night I was very much disturbed by these noises. No preaching here today. It does not seem like the Sabbath, except that the stores are closed.
Monday, October 25th. I have found the proprietor of the bookstore a very pleasant com panion. He has welcomed me very kindly to his store, and I spend my leisure time reading there. His name is McPherson, from Franklin College, Tennessee. He proposed for me to room with him in the counting room, and I think I will enjoy the arrangement very much. I have been reading "Holmes' Southern Gardener," and various works on Southern husbandry and horticulture generally. There is a great lack of a Southern original work on botany. Nothing but Eaton's large work will supply the deficiency. If I had means and money I should go into it extensively and shall yet, if some one does not anticipate me there.
Saturday, October 30th. Was present this evening at the meeting of the citizens of Atlanta to petition for a City Government. Captain Loyd was in the chair. Mr. Bartlett, the printer, was the secretary. A committee of Colonel Collier, Dr. Bomar, Dr. Smith, Jonathan Norcross, and Thurmond were appointed to draft a bill of incorporation for the city. Atlanta now con tains 2,000 inhabitants, yet every one does what is right in his own eyes. There is no govern ment and it is wonderful that they are as steady as they are at present; no minister, no church and little preaching; a Sabbath school is in successful operation and that is almost the only religious privilege that is enjoyed.
I may consider myself one of the fathers of the City;--being present at its birth. A meeting could not be conducted with a more complete disregard to order than the one last night. Half a dozen motions were at once before the house.
Tuesday, Nov. 2nd. Visited Dr. Angier's school and found the pupils very quiet and or derly. Weather clear and intensely warm--hardly know if I shall be able to endure it. Read today many numbers of the Southern Cultivator, an Augusta paper, very well managed. My object was to get information about the fruit and fruit trees of the South.
Saturday, .November fith. Attended last night the meeting of citizens to consider the bill of incorporation as prepared by Colonel Collier, which seemed a very well prepared article.
Monday, November 8th. Commenced my school and found 25 bright-eyed little ones await ing my coming. I talked to them and heard them read. Classified the scholars in classes as Mrs. Angier had them. Several who subscribed have not yet moved their families into the place. The scholars look very intelligent and behave first rate so far. By securing the influence of Dr. Angier it was much easier to get up a school as all his scholars were turned over to me.

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I have become more acquainted now and find many excellent citizens in the place, and all seem friendly and well disposed.
I do not know what to do about my church membership. There are but two Presbyterians besides myself in the place and our denomination is not very numerous in Georgia. There is a church at Decatur, six miles below here, but as I do not keep a horse it is not very accessi ble. There will be fine churches for the Methodists and Baptists and Episcopalians, and I hope before the end of the year enough o our denomination may come to form a church.
The cotton crop this year is unusually large. It is thought there will be at least half a million bales, or two million pounds more than ever before. But it is of no avail, the greater the crop always the less the price and the failures in Europe are enough of themselves to bring the price down. Cotton has declined since I have been here, from nine and one-half to six cents, and will hardly bring that. When cotton goes down negroes, food, plantations, city property, everything in the whole south goes with it,--to rise again as soon as the great staple increases in value.
Business here is daily increasing. Several thousand dollars worth per diem are purchased of cotton, corn, wheat, etc., and the whole business of the place so far is cash, so that the growth is healthy. New stores are continually being opened. I am satisfied, however, that only on the out skirts will Atlanta ever be beautiful: five railroads arc enough to spoil the ground plan and regularity of any place whatsoever. The greater part of the development lie on either side of the Augusta railroad.
\Ve have a pretty name for our place. We are indebted for it to John C. Calhoun. who con templates if the "Union is ever dissolved" making it the seat of government. It is the central point of the south, and when the railroads to Nashville and Montgomery are completed it will be the most accessible both from the east and west of the xvholc southern part of the Union. A great railroad meeting is to be held with delegates from eight states on the 23rd of this month. Many of the most distinguished men of the south will be present.
Here in Georgia, Masonry is as flourishing as in the palmiest days. All the state offices and all the posts on the railroads are entirely monopolized by the fraternity.
Thursday, November llth. Got acquainted with William C. Richards, the enterprising Athens bookseller, and found him a fine fellow. Read newspapers at "The Luminary" Office. Visited Dr. Thompson, Holcomb and the tavern, also Mr. Norcross and others of my Atlanta friends. Chatted with my competitor. Dr. Smith, with the best of terms.
I get along finely with my scholars: they are pleasant, well behaved, and all seem to learn. Herman Levi, a little German Jew is one, and 1 am teaching him English by giving him a German fable to translate into American words. I shall be improved in my German by this practice also.
I have bought a thermometer and shall begin taking meteorological observations tomorrow, which will be published in the Atlanta Luminary.
Sunday, November 14th. There was preaching in the City today, the first since I came to Atlanta. I heard Mr. Wilson, of Decatur, a Presbyterian minister.' The discourse was very fine. I introduced myself to him and found him a very agreeable man.
Thursday. November 18th. School goes off very pleasantly: have several new scholars. I find very little trouble in keeping them in order. I have had to punish William Hanleiter a little, and am not sure that it was not an injury to him, as he is a spirited boy.
Surely there is no work in the world as onerous as the employment of the teacher. It needs all of the wisdom in the world, and the greatest interest in the progress of these who arc com mitted to my care. Nothing is nicer than teaching when all moves off rightly. I believe my scholars love me. and I am sure I love them.
Tuesday. November 23rd. Attended the railroad convention this evening, and heard an ad dress before them by Whitney, a hale bluff man of 50,--the great projector of a railroad from the Atlantic to Oregon. I was very much interested in the wholesouled sincerity of the men. The project ought and must certainly be hereafter carried into effect. Convention adjourned sine die after some reports were made and accepted.
Saturday, November 27th. Made arrangements with Bartlett. the editor, of the Luminary to assist him in the editorial department of his paper. I shall insert a series of essays in the agri cultural column this week: made up in the evening with McPherson, an olio for the paper, which we think pretty tolerably fair.

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I have been out looking at lots at various prices, from S20 to S400 per lot all within the limits of the city. On Whitehall street a lot 20 x 40 ft. would be worth twice that sum. If. they do noi move the State House this session, 1 can get as good an acre lot as I shall wish for S75.
I feel anxious to select a lot of ground while I can get a good one not too far from the city without paying an exorbitant price for the same, for one can hardly make money as fast as property rises in this place. Ten years from now if I am well and prosper I will have as nice a little home as any one can boast of, and such flowers and such fruits as no northern eyes can feast on.
McPherson, Bartlett and myself will next summer have somewhere a wee bit of a garden together for the sport of the thing, and to see what lots of melons, peanuts and flowers we can raise.
There is no fruit raised in any part of the Union which the soil and climate of Georgia cannot in some section produce; there is no product of the field or garden of which the same may not be said, and there is no product of Georgia which cannot be conveyed to Atlanta in three days time. And then, as to climate, this is the Italy of America--such clear calm skies, such soft delicious evenings. So rarely gifted by nature, no place could more fully realize my ideas of a propitious soil and clime. "Truly" says Xorcross "Georgia is a great state!"
My health has greatly improved since I came to Atlanta. Of late I take a daily draught of the Chalybeate Spring near the railroad, and shall observe its effect upon my health.
Monday, November 29th. Little Isaac Humphries, one of my pupils, died last night after an illness of but four days. He was a bright and pretty little fellow, and I shall miss him very much, indeed. I dismissed school about three o'clock so that we might attend the funeral. 1 addressed them for a few moments on the subject of his death, and they seemed much affected.
My little pupils are as docile and affectionate as children can be. I have about a peck of apples from their bountiful donations. I almost always go home with a pocketful, which they lay upon my desk. Herman, a little German, having no apples brought me some cigars.
There are now two other schools in the place, and a third is about to commence, but for tunately for me, they are all on the opposite side of the Augusta railroad, and if any one suc ceeds, of the whole number I'think I shall stand my chance.
Thursday, December 2nd. My first article in the Luminary came out today "Radicalism," and it was printed in the nicest and prettiest manner. Wrote a condensation of Professor John son's article on the "Nutritive Qualities of Bread" to be published in the next Atlanta Luminary.
Saturday, December 4th. Wrote an article on the removal of the capital. Attended the town meeting to take the subject into consideration, and had a hearty laugh at Norcross' re port of the committee on this subject. The capital will probably stay where it is for the present.
Monday, December 6th. A great meeting of citizens was held in relation to moving the capital. 1 had prepared an article on the center of population and spoke of it to Dr. Bomar, Saturday. Today he told me of the meeting, and so I, at his request, promised to read it in the evening if it was called for. I revised it and while the committee was out I was called on, and read the same. And at closing was greeted with a storm of cheers. A vote of thanks was passed and a copy was requested to be placed in the hands of the committee to engraft por tions of it in the report; and, in short, I never felt so flattered in my life.
Thursday, Decmeber 9th. Have been busy for several days preparing several editorials for Bartlett, and today The Luminary came out in a blaze of glory; four columns of original mat ter and mine, with a choice poem and odds and ends, improving the paper greatly.
Saturday, December llth. The Miscellany comes out this week with a long article contain ing my statistics of population.
Went out with Mr. Harris this afternoon to look at Judge Cone's lands and choose me a lot. Saxv several fine lots, and made a selection in my mind.
Monday, December 13th. General Shields passed through the place to the great admiration of the crowd.

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Friday. December 31st. This evening I attended the installation of officers of the Masonic Lodge of Atlanta.
January 8th, 1848. The Macon train brought news today that the upper house has refused to pass the charter for the Atlanta and West Point railroad, thus checking for a time the com pletion of the last link of steam communication between Xew York and Xew Orleans. But though delayed for two years unless the thing be reconsidered, still we arc sure of it eventually, for it will be done by purchasing the right of way as a private enterprise, and no thanks to the State. It is to the interest of Macon and Griffin to thwart Atlanta, but she has about her too much life and vigor to fear them. We get much trade that these places claim as theirs legit imately.
Monday, January 17th. Last week 1 accepted Richard's proposal to move to Athens and take a partnership with him in the book business and editing the Southern Literary Gazette. I think the prospects for the future are very bright. I have spent the week in making arrange ments to be free from my school. I give it up with the happy reflection that every scholar I have loved me as a friend as well as a teacher. I believe the children at the South are more affectionate and manageable than boys at the North.
COL. C. R. HAXLEITER
REMINISCENCES OF THE LIFE O" ONE OF ATLANTA'S PIONEERS
HORXELIUS REDDIXG HAXLEITER had a life of varied fortune and a history full of useful work for his family and his native State, and well deserved the happy, honorable old age that came to him. This sketch of his life was prepared from memoranda furnished by himself to a friend. It was a fortunate thing for Georgia that Gen. James Oglethorpe received with such hospitality the persecuted Saltz-
burghers, of Germany, who sought a home and freedom of conscience in the young colony, in 1734. and following years.
Among the earliest of the devout immigrants who founded the famous colony at Ebene^er, in Effingham County, was John Jacob Handleighter, who had an only son, who bore his father's name. This son changed the spelling of the original name to its present form. Hanleiicr.
In 1812, John Jacob Hanleiter, Jr., married Miss Elizabeth McFarland, the youngest daugh ter of \Vm. McFarland, who belonged to a distinguished family of Scotland, and whose peo ple settled, after coming to America, near Cowpens, in South Carolina. They had four chil dren, the eldest, a son, dying in infancy', the other three were Mrs. Jane Elizabeth Saltner. of Chatham County; Mrs. Catherine Christina Wells, of Macon (both now deceased). and Cor nelius Redding Hanleiter, the subject of this sketch, who was born in Savannah on the 1-Hh day of June, 1815.
Cornelius was left an orphan when quite young--his father dying the year after he was born, and his mother passing away when he was only about eight years old. But he found a good home in the family of his maternal aunt, Mrs. Jane Winkler.
He was apprenticed to learn the printer's trade to \Vm. Robertson, editor and proprietor of the Savannah Georgian, and by mistake in the date of the indentures, served several months over the full term of seven years. He completed his contract with Mr. Robertson when about 18 years of age, and going to Augusta the next year, 1834, he assisted L. C. Guie in getting out the first number of the Constitutionalist, a paper which lived an honorable life of more than forty years, and was merged at last in the Augusta Chronicle.
About this time he was induced to join a party of civil engineers in charge of Andrew Al fred Dexter, of Aiken, S. C., and went with them to Alabama, and assisted in making some important railroad surveys. After completing his work with this party, he accepted the position of foreman of the Montgomery Advertiser, owned and edited by Jas. E. Belcher.
While visiting relatives in Macon. he joined a party of civil engineers engaged in running experimental lines for the Central railroad, and aided L. O. Reynolds in sun-eying a route, from Macon to Dublin.

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In 1836 he took up his permanent residence in Macon, working with Simri Rose and Isaac G. Seymour, on the Georgia Messenger. In his leisure hours he published a small weekly paper called The News Carrier, which, after a few months, gave place to a more pretentious sheet, entitled the Southern Post. This, after a few months, was converted into the Southern Lady's Book, a monthly magazine, edited by George F. Pierce, (afterwards the distinguished Georgia Bishop) and issued for a season in the interest of the Georgia Female College, the old est chartered female college in the world, and which is now the historic Wcsleyan Female Col lege, of Macon.
In 1840, he went to Forsyth, on the invitation of Isaac Brooks, and published the Southern Botanico-Medical Journal, and in this and the following year he printed Worthy's Botanic Practice, a volume of some 500 pages.
In 1842, he purchased the outfit of the office in Forsyih, and removing it to Madison, Mor gan County, he established the Southern Miscellany, a weekly family newspaper. This journal had a wide circulation, and was a great Favorite. In its columns, in 1844 and '45, first appeared that famous book of Georgia humor, by Col. W. T. Thompson, "Major Jones' Courtship." Col. Hanleiter afterwards issued this story in book form.
About this time Atlanta was beginning her marvelous history, and in 1847 he moved his paper and business thereto, "to grow up with the city."
In 1852, he sold his establishment to Messrs. J. \orcross, I. O. McDaniel, B. F. Bomar and Z. A. Rice, who began the publication of the Atlanta Intelligencer, with Rev. Joseph S. Baker as editor. For a year or two after this, he was engaged in other business, but he soon returned to his "first love," and a few years before the war he established the Franklin Printing House, an institution which has been one of the important factors in Atlanta's prosperity.
Col. Hanleiter was an ardent Whig, and in 1856, he published a weekly campaign paper called the Whig Reveille. Subsequently he established and conducted, until the commence ment of the war, the National American, a daily and weekly newspaper that was popular in those stirring years before the beginning of the great struggle for Southern independence. It was afterwards changed to the Gate City Guardian.
About this time he served one term as member of the City Council of Atlanta, being elected from the 4th Ward, and also one term as a Justice of the Inferior Court of Fulton County.
Throughout the heated and bitter campaign, which ended in the secession of Georgia, Col. Hanleiter openly and boldly opposed separate State action, advocating, instead, a Congress of all the Southern States, looking to united action for the redress of grievances.
He was born in troubulous times, under the "stars and stripes," and loved the glorious old banner with patriotic ardor.
His place of business was, for many years, marked by a flagstaff, from which, on all public occasions, the beloved emblem floated to the breeze. The Franklin Printing House and Book Binder)', his place of business house in Atlanta at that time, and every morning at sunrise the Federal flag was raised to the top of the staff above his office, and lowered every evening at sunset, by his own hand--which was done in defiance of the remonstrances and threats of the fiery advocates of secession.
That was a sad day with Col. Hanleiter when Georgia seceded from the Union. While sit ting at his dinner table, he received a telegram from Hon. Ben H. Hill, a warm personal friend of his, notifying him that the ordinance of secession had been adopted by the convention then assembled in Milledgeville. Rising from the table, and, going to the flagstaff, in the presence of hundreds of people gathered in the streets, he silently and sadly took down the old Hag, and tenderly and reverently folded it away.
While Col. Hanleiter opposed secession as the first remedy for Southern wrongs, yet when secession was a fact, he threxv himself unreservedly into the fearful conflict, precipitated by the withdrawal of the South from the Union.
He was Lieutenant in the Gate City Guards, of Atlanta, one of the first companies to go to the front. But having contracted to print two volumes of the Georgia Reports, by Col. Martin, and the debates in the Alabama convention, by Hon. W. H. Smith, he could not ac company the Guards to the seat of war. Completing his contracts he proceeded at once, in company with L. J. Parr, Augustus Shaw, and other friends, to raise a company of volunteers, and served the Confederacy faithfully till the war was over.

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He was assigned to duty near Savannah, his native city. For some three yean, he was in command of an important post at Beaulieu, on Vcrnon river, one mile west of its junction with Burnside river. He improved the defenses of (his post so much that Gen. Beauregard pronounced it the most thoroughly fortified post in Georgia or South Carolina, of its kind.
Col. Hanleiter shared fully in the financial losses entailed upon the South by our disastrous civil war. \Vhen he reached Atlanta in the spring of 1865, that dark period which none of us who remember ii will ever forget, he had only the fragments of a once comfortable home and prosperous business.
But there was no time for repining over lost possessions, and he was not the man to do such a thing any way.
In 1866-67, he was private secretary to Col. \\'m. M. \Vadley, president of the Central Rail road. He was also superintendent of the celebrated Orphan's Home, at Bethesda, near Savan nah, and while holding this position, raised some S8.000, mostly from distinguished men at the North, which saved the institution from embarrassment, and prevented the forced sale of real estate that is now worth hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In the early '70's, he was connected with the Plantation Publishing Company, of Atlanta. Some years later he was a proof reader under Col. John D. Defrees. in the Government printing house in Washington, D. C.. but lost this position finally through a rule that the Republican party has always regarded as the sum of all wisdom--"to the victors belong the spoils."
He contributed his full quota to all public and social enterprises in ever) community in which he lived. In Macon, where he first married and commenced life, he was a member ol the "Macon Volunteers," foreman of Washington Fire Company No. 1. and cx-officio Chief of the department, also Vice-Prcsidem of the "Macon Benevolent Association." composed of lead ing citi/cns and which did much and splendid work throughout the epidemic of 1838.
In Madison he was a member of the "Morgan Rifles," commanded the 29ih Regiment, G. M., and served as Chief Marshal of the great Clay mass meeting in 184-1.
On removal to Atlanta he served as Chief Marshall of the great Whig mass meeting in 18-48, and he assisted in organizing and was a lieutenant of the "Gate City Guards." (His daughter, Josephine, made and presented this company with a costly silk Hag). He drilled and com manded Mechanics Fire Co. No. 2, which had been armed as infantry and detailed 10 serve as a guard on the occasion of the execution of the murderer of old man Landrum, Radford J. Crockett.
As a member of the Inferior Court of Fulton County, he xvas mainly instrumental in the purchase of land and the establishment of a "House of Refuge for the Poor" (since called the poor farm), and as a member of the City Council he was chairman of a committee that pre pared and published a full Code of Ordinances for the city. He was also mainly instrumental in the organization of the first Building 'and Loan Association, the first Tent of Reohabites, and the first Lodge of Knights of Jericho in the State.
He never sought public office of any kind, and was never defeated for any that his friends put him in nomination for, except thai of Public Printer of the State. He was twice a can didate for this position since the war. and each time he was defeated by small majorities, in the interest of combinations of all other candidates representing every section of the State.
In 1872 he was appointed by Governor Smith to examine and adjust the claims of newspa pers against the State for advertising done during the administration of ex-Governor Bullock.
He was twice married. His first wife, to whom he was united Feb. 22. 1837, was Miss Mary Ann Ford, of New Haven. Conn. She died in 18-18. In September. 1850. he married Miss Ann Elizabeth, third daughter of Maj. Geo. Shaw. She died in December. 1876.

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ATLANTA AS SHERMAN LEFT IT ATLANTA THEN AND NOW
(Correspondence Chronicle and Sentinel, of Augusta, Ga.)
I'RESEXT ASPECT OF ATLAXTA-GEXERAL PARTICCLARS-CITIZEXS RETLRXIXC-J'RIXTIXG ESTABLISHMEXTS-MfXICIl'AL ELECTION
Atlanta, December 15, 1864.
3 HE once busy, bustling business city of Atlanta presents anything but an attractive j]M sight to the beholder at present. The marts of trade, the bazaars of fashion, the jl workshops of the artizan, all are a heap of moldering ashes, or a pile of rubbish, fil About three-fourths of the buildings have been torn down or burned, and about =a nine-tenths of the property value destroyed. On Peachtree street from Mrs. Lipham's1 to the fortifications- there is not a house standing, and from Winship's block" to the corner of Decatur street all the stores have been destroyed. Between the interregnum, the house of W. S. Carroll was burned; S. J. Pinkenon's and T. R. Ripley's* residences were carried off. The residence of Rev. Dr. Quimard and J. I. Brown, of the Register, were considerably defaced--the weather-boarding and ceiling being removed. In the Forsyth settlement5 in rear of the Trout House a clean sweep was made of the build ings. Bluford Smith's houses in rear of U'inship's Block are standing. On Marietta street, from Hamilton Goode's" to Mrs. Ponder's residence7 there are but few houses left. On the left-hand side from Dr. Powell's* former residence to the corner of Decatur and Peachtree streets is another space made vacant by the devouring flame. The Atlanta Hotel0 with all the buildings on that block were destroyed, as well as the Con cert Hall,"1 and the Athenaeum" and all the buildings adjacent to them. From the railroad crossing to Roark's corner on Whitehall 13 not a building escaped the rav ages of the fire. From Major Bacon's residence on Whitehall street out to the fortifications, 1 " there arc but three houses standing, two of Braumuller's" and one opposite his residence. Hammock's house11 is seen in the distance as an oasis in the Great Desert. Col. L. J. Glenn's residence"1 was sadly mutilated. John Erskine's house was entirely de stroyed. Rawlin's, Rawson's, and Markham's small white house in that vicinity, are still standing. The house on Pryor street that S. D. Xiles once owned was destroyed. From Alabama street to Mitchell, between Whitehall and Forsyth streets, there are but two buildings standing, both on Hunter street, opposite each other, just above where Gardner's car riage shop" stood. From the corner of Alabama and Whitehall streets to Pryor street, the fine buildings all fell victims to the ignifluous flame. From the Gate City hotel" to Lowry's store, the buildings are all standing unhurt.
i\orth of North A\enuc. -Aljoul Hth Street. iNcar Paramount Theatre. 'S. E. corner Peachtree and.Pine Streets. 'Between Edgcwood Avenue and Decuur Street, just east of Pryor. S. U'. corner Marietta and Spring Streets, "North side Marietta Street opposite junction with Bankhcad. sS. \V. corner Marietta and Forsyth Streets. 'Site of Kimhall House. K'Sitc of the I'cachtrcc Arcade. n\orth side Dccalur Street between Peachlrcc and Pryori-S. W. corner Whitehall and Mitchell Streets. "Confederate works were beyond the terminus of Whitehall and beyond the Central of Georgia (Macon & Western R. R.: later. Federal'works crossed Whitehall near Stcivart Avenue. "Middle of block iKtwccn Forsylh and McDanirf. north side. '"Near Ashby and Gordon Streets. "S. E. corner Cooper and Raxvson Streets. '"S. E. corner Hunter and Forsylh Streets. i*S. E. corner Alabama and Pnor Streets.

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The Trout House10 was burned, but the Masonic Hall and the four wooden buildings below it were saved.
Hubbard it Chisolm's corner,'-" and the houses below, occupied by Kehoe and Buchanan, were destroyed.
On the Washington Hall Square11 only three buildings are standing--Judge Owen's residence, and the two on Decatur street, just below the Cowan House; the one on the corner being almost cut down.
On the corner just above O'N'eil's. the small store was destroyed and the residence adjoining cm down. The residence of J. J. Toon, opposite Craven's house, was also burned.
On the left-hand side of Decatur street, going down, from the armory 10 Gartrell's house," there are only two or three buildings standing--Dr. Beach's, Kennedy's and one opposite Xace's mill. The armory. Peck's old shop, and all the buildings on the square,TM except Walter's front ing the Georgia Railroad, were consumed.
The houses in the neighborhood of I. E. Bartlett, a small house near N'ace's mill.-'4 and Kelley's house, are all that are standing from the armory down as far as the eye can reach.
Along the line of the Georgia road, from the rolling mill" up to T. L. Thomas' residence, not a building is standing. Cunning's old foundry, the Atlanta and LaGrange depot,-" the pis tol factory, the Georgia railroad workshop, depot, and roundhouse21 were destroyed.
The jail-" and all the buildings from thence to the depot were swept away by the devouring breath of Maine. George Terry's house is standing, but so defaced as to be uninhabitable.
On the right-hand side of the Macon 8; Western railroad from Dr. Ford's'-"' as far as the eye can reach, not a house is standing. From Evans' Chapel"" to the fortifications"1 the sites of build ings can alone be discerned.
The residence of Dr. Brantley was completely demolished, all the debots, fencing and orchard being removed. Scrutchins' house, Reynolds', Lawshe's and the rest are standing.
The late residence of A. G. Ware"- was burned. Tom Ware sold all his furniture, with that of Richard Peters, Esq., and then went north.
The passenger depot,-"-1 the Macon & Western depot,-"4 and the state shop and depot,31 are masses of ruins.
The only vestige of the mineral springs is part of the dog and frog which were left."'-
The park is filled with little wooden huts, and much of the shrubbery removed."7
Herring's patent safes are lying about in every direction, broken open and ruined.
Many of ihc old citizens are returning, and the general watchword is repair and rebuild.
Whit Anderson has opened a bar-room on Decatur street, where he serves his customers with dignity and grace, and Sid Holland a small grocery on Peachtree street.
The Intelligencer has returned, and is now issuing an extra from the old shoe factory on Ala bama street.
J. J. Toon has secured the old pay office on Whitehall street for an office, and resides in Markham's fine villa on Walton street.
i"N. E. corner Dccatur and Pp-or Streets: Masonic Hall adjacent. -"X. E. corner Dccalur and Ivy Streets. --'Block bounded by Central Avenue, Decatur Street. Courtland Street and the railroad. --Decatur Street near Yongc. -':: BIock IXMindcd by Ivy. Decatur. Courtland streets, and tbe railroad. - 4 Ncar Fort Street and the Georgia Railroad. - :> N. E. corner of Oakland cemetery. -"Near Decatur and Pratt Streets. -"South side of R. R-. between Central Avenue and Piedmont .\\cime. =-On Frascr Street. -"Peters Street near junction of Walker Street. -"'North side of Nelson Street WCM of Mangum. -'On the ridge west of Ashby Street. a-.MilcheH Street west of Forsyth Street. ---On the site of present Union Station. -^South of railroad tracks between Pryor and Whitehall. :i :-N'car the Spring Street Viaduct. ="Iron statuettes in the park surrounding the AUanta >fineral Spring just northwest ol the Terminal Station. ='Thc Citv Park, bounded bv Wall, Prvor and Decatur Streets and Central Avenue.

54_________1837 - A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL.- 1937 ________
The postoffice is open on Decatur street, under the charge of the energetic Dick Walls: and Bob Yancey has his shaving emporium next door.
Many of our citizens who were reported to have gone north have not gone out of the south ern states. Markham, Schofield, the Dunnings, Banks, Edwards, Boutelle, Lazaron, and a few others only went to the north.
Dr. Beach went to Louisiana, designing to return. The residence of Rev. A. F. Freeman was removed to make room for a line of works from the Georgia railroad to James Clarkc's.3" The churches are all standing, except Payne's and Evans' Chapels, and the Christian Church. A municipal election was held on the first week in this month, resulting as follows: Mayor, James M. Calhoun. Members of Council--First Ward, Colonel John Collier. B. X. Williford; second ward, F. M. Richardson, J. S. Salmons; third ward, T. W. J. Hill, L. S. Mead; fourth ward, George \V. Terry, T. R. Ripley; fifth ward, Dr. J. N. Simmons, E. R. Sasseen, J. Silvey (tie). Candidates for judge of the inferior court are coining out rapidly. O. H. Jones, J. R. Wal lace, Dr. J. W. Price, F. M. Richardson, Thomas Connally, E. M. Taliaferro, and Perino Brown, are already announced. It is generally conceded that Perino Brown is hard to beat for any office. His affable manners and upright deportment win the confidence of all. Johnson Bridwell has started a salt factory. Col. L. J. Glenn, the efficient commandant of the post, is considered the right man in the right place. He is courteous to all, yet rigidly attentive to the interests of the government and the people. The Macon & Western railroad is running to Lovejoy's station, and the Atlanta and LaGrange railroad to Palmetto. The city is filled with thousands of dogs and cats, ownerless and almost wild. (The foregoing contemporary account of the extent to which Atlanta was destroyed during its siege and occupancy by the Federal armies in 1864 is copied from the Atlanta Constitution of December 15, 1874, having been taken evidently from the Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel of ex actly ten years before, and only one month after General Shcrman began his march to the sea. Editing and annotations were by Miss Meta Barker with the aid of Williams' Directory of 1859, and the personal assistance of Mrs. Kate Shivers Logue and Miss Sarah Huff of the At lanta Women's Pioneer Society.)
ATLANTA DURING THE "RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD"
By EUGENE M M1TCHELL
^TLANTA surrendered on September 2, 1864 in consequence of the Battle of Jonesboro. For more than a month 100,000 men encamped in the city. The civi'ian pop ulation was exiled. Many buildings had been destroyed by Federal shells. Hun dreds of unoccupied dwellings were torn down to build soldiers' shelter cabins and for firewood to cook the soldiers' victuals. In November Shcrman began his march
from Atlanta to the sea and cut a swath thirty to eighty miles wide and 300 miles long in which could not be heard the squeal of a pig or the crow of a rooster. All the business part of Atlanta except a few stores on Alabama street and all but about 400 dwellings were laid in ashes. As the United States army marched out the flames of the burning city lit the country for 20 miles.
In December, 1864, the civilian population began to return. The Confederate government reoccupied the town and a number of hastily constructed warehouses were run up and some effort was made to clear the streets of debris. Some citizens repaired their homes or built themselves shelters from the damaged timbers. Came the news of Lee's surrender on April 9th and Johnston's on April 26th. A mob of starving women and children looted the warehouses.
"Northwest corner Washington and Rau-son Streets.

1837 -- A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL-- 1937
On May 4, 1865, Col. Luther J. Glenn turned over the military post to Col. B. B. Eggleston. U. S. A., who appointed Capt. \Vm. G. Lewder provost marshal.
The Confederate barracks having been burned, the U. S. soldiers were housed in tents on the City Hall lot, where the State Capitol is now located, until 1868 when McPherson Bar racks was built in the old race track where Spellman Seminary is now located. The jail had been burned and the fire engine house on Washington street adjoining St. Philips Church was used as a military prison.
Immediately after the surrender the rebuilding of Atlanta had begun. Its battles and siege and destruction had made it famous and advertised its advantages as a great railroad center. The streets became alive with drays, carts and hand barrows hauling materials and the hammers and saws rang from daylight until night. The Xaiional Hotel, John H. James Banking house, McXaughl & Scrutchins store, J. C. Peck's Planing mill and O. H. Jones livery stable were built in 1865 and many of the stores on Whitehall, Alabama and Peachtree streets. Hundreds of dwellings were erected in that year. Saw mills xvere set up in the surrounding country and found a ready sale for lumber at high prices. The City limits were extended for 11,4 miles in every direction. In 1866 four building and loan associations were organized. The building of dwellings, stores and industrial plants continued unabated from 1865 until the period of de pression called the "panic of 1873."
In 1868 H. I. Kimball built the old capitol and in 1869 the H. I. Kimball House the largest hotel in the South. In 1867 the Jewish Synagogue was built at Southeast corner of Forsyih and Garnett streets. In 1872 the First Methodist Church was erected on the site of the old Wesley Chapel and of the Confederate Commissary office building. The Catholic Church and DeGive's Opera House were built in 1870. In 1869 the Moore & Marsh building, John H. James Whitehall Building, E. E. Rawson's Whitehall store and John H. James Peachtree street man sion were constructed. And during these years the Atlanta & Charlotte Air Line Railroad was built.
Barmvell's City Directory compiled in January. 1867, lists over 125 advertisements of mer cantile and industrial concerns established or re-established in Atlanta. As all did not advertise it is likely there were double that number in the City.
In 1871 at least 400 buildings were put up including Ex-Governor Brown's Republic Block, the Lochrane building on Pryor streei, the old Austell Building on the Trout House she at Decatur and Pryor streets, and Clark"s Hardware store on Peachtree street. The same year the Union Depot was rebuilt, the first street car line was started and the Chamber of Commerce was organized. It was not until 187-1 that the first waterworks plant was buili at Lakewood. It was some years later that a sewer system was established.
During the period of reconstruction the following newspapers were established in Atlanta: The Atlanta Intelligencer (re-established), Atlanta New Era, Atlanta Sun. Atlanta Herald and Atlanta Constitution.
The present public school system and the Young Men's Library, the predecessor of the Car negie Library, had their inception in 1869.
The Freedman's Bureau issued rations to the colored population from June, 1865. to Sep tember, 1867. It frequently interposed between these people and their white employers. Gen. David Tillson, who headed it from September 1865 to January 1867. administered ii fairly well considering the difficulties he encountered.
In 1860 Atlanta had a population of 9,500. In 1870 it had 21,000 and by special census in 1873, 30,389.
In 1865 Hon. James E. Williams was elected Mayor and served in 1866 and 1867. He was succeeded by Hon. Wm. H. Hulsey in 1869. No election was held for 1868 and the Mayor and Council of 1867 held over during this year by order of the military commander. William Ha zard was elected Mayor for 1870, D. F. Hammond for 1871 and John H. James for 1872. The city councils during the reconstruction period were generally composed of able and representa tive citizens. However, the then prevailing system of electing councilmen by wards resulted in the election of two negroes to the city council for 1871. A repetition of this incident was made improbable for the future by the new charter of 1874 which required that council mem bers be elected by the voters of the whole city.
During the period of so-called reconstruction, thousands of new citizens flocked 10 Atlanta. A great majority were from Georgia and the surrounding Southern States, but there were a

56

"1837-ATLANTA C E x T E N x i A L -- 1937

goodly number of Northern men and some foreigners. Of course, some of these were unde sirables but many of them were estimable men and made good citizens. But there was also an influx of hundreds of speculators, adventurers and criminals of every kind. The police force, headed first by Col. L. P. Thomas, and afterwards by John L. Johnson and Gen. Tige Anderson, maintained order against almost insurmountable difficulties. With hundreds of starving families to be relieved, an epidemic of smallpox to be combatted and a multitude of criminals to be suppressed, the city government faced and overcame the difficulties. The list of police men and city officials reads like a roll of honor.
During this period the principal churches were served by the following pastors:
First Methodist, Dr. \V. P. Harrison. Trinity, M. E., Rev. \V. M. Crumley. First Baptist, Rev. Robert \V. Fuller. Second Baptist, Rev. \Vm. T. Brantley. First Presbyterian, Dr. John S. Wilson. Central Presbyterian, Dr. James T. Leftwich. Si. Philip's Episcopal, Rev. Chas. W. Thomas. Catholic. Rev. Thos. O'Reilly. German Lutheran, Rev. Herman Bokum.
The Methodist Protestant, St. Luke's Episcopal, Evans Chapel M. E., Paines Chapel M. E., the Christian Church and the African Church were burned by Sherman's men. Why these churches were burned is a subject of speculation for the curious.
After the secession of Georgia the congregation of the Methodist Protestant Church, then located at the northwestern corner of Forsyth and Garnett streets, met and voted to give their church bell to be molded into cannon for the use of the Confederacy. St. Luke's Episcopal Church, then situated on the south side of Walton street about half way between Broad and Forsyth streets, had been built by Confederate soldiers. At this church had been held the fu neral sen-ices for General Leonidas Polk. These facts may supply an adequate motive, so far as these two churches are concerned, but may be mere coincidences.
President Johnson appointed James Johnson provisional Governor of Georgia. A constitu tional convention of 1865 adopted a new constitution. Chas. J. Jenkins was elected Governor and civil government was restored.
This did not satisfy the radical element of the North. Congress passed a military bill over the President's veto. Major Gen. John Pope was appointed commander of the 3rd Military Dis trict embracing Georgia, Alabama and Florida and arrived in Atlanta on March 31, 1867. Certain prominent citizens tendered him a banquet at the National Hotel for which they were duly "cussed" by the unreconstructed element. Atlanta was made the military center of ihis district.
Prince Salm-Salm, a German or Austrian soldier of fortune, was for a time commander of the post at Atlanta. His beautiful wife, Agnes LeClerc, was a romantic and dashing figure in Atlanta.
Bob Toombs came back from exile and assailed the military usurpers. Ben Hill made his famous Davis Hall speech of defiance. (Davis Hall was on South Broad street between Hun ter and Mitchcll streets and ran through to Forsyth street. It was afterwards destroyed by fire.)
On May 13. 1867, Gen. Pope appointed Col. E Hulbert supervisor of elections. Many thou sands of white men were disfranchised. An election for delegates to a constitutional conven tion was held for 3 days. Fulton County chose Dr. H. V. M. Miller, James L. Dunning, Dr. N. L. Angier, and John H. Flynn, an able delegation.
On December 28, 1867, Gen. Pope was removed and Gen. George G. Meade was appointed his successor. He removed Gov. Jenkins and detailed Gen. Thos. H. Ruger to succeed him.
Gen. John B. Gordon was defeated for Governor by Col. Rufus B. Bullock, the Republi can candidate. Gordon carried Fulton County.
While the Constitutional Convention of 1868 was in session in Atlanta, an excellent oppor tunity presented itself for Atlanta to get the State Capitol. On Feb. 26, 1868, the City Council invited the Convention to locate the capital here, which the Convention did. A new building, erected for an opera house by H. I. Kimball on Marietta street (where the Western Union

1837 -- ATLANTA CENTENNIAL-- 1937
Building now stands) was purchased for 5380,000 of which Atlanta furnished S 133,000. It was afterwards discovered that there was an unpaid mortgage of 560,000 and the City of Atlanta had to pay it.
Though the location of the capital at Atlanta was approved by vote of the people at an election held April 20th, 21st, 22nd and 23rd, 1868, many people in Georgia were discon tented until a new vote was taken on the subject in 1877. The result of this election was the choice of Atlanta as the capital by a vote of 99,147 for Atlanta and 55,201 for Milledgeville on the first Wednesday in December, 1877.
On July 23, 1868, occurred the famous Bush Arbor meeting in which Toombs, Cobb, Hill and Moses made noted speeches. It was at what is now the northeast corner of Pryor and Ala bama streets.
In 1869 the General Assembly turned out the colored members. Congress passed another military bill declaring Georgia still in Rebellion. The second period of reconstruction began. General Alfred H. Terry was made military commander. The colored members were restored to the Legislature and enough white members were excluded to give a radical majority.
A saturnalia of extravagance ensued. Many of the better element of Gov. Bullock's sup porters abandoned him. Then practically all left him. The military government was repealed by Congress July 15, 1870. Deprived of the prop of federal bayonets the carpet-bag and scallawag regime lell of its own weight and Milton Smith was elected Governor and was inaugurated fanuary 12. 1872. This is considered the official date of the ending of "reconstruction." It had been a period of woe and destruction to Georgia and great was the rejoicing in Atlanta when it ended. Atlanta was among the earliest to redeem herself from radical rule, and seeing her example, Georgia took heart again.

ROSTER OF THE IRISH VOLUNTEERS FOR 1854

Peter Aldrich, John Brady, William Brennan.
John Butler, T. Burke. Dennis Callaghan. Thomas Conley, Thomas Daniel, Daniel Dougherty, John Downey, ' P. S. Enright, James Carry, Thomas Gorman,

Joseph Gatins, Jnn Hanlon, P. J. Immell,
Jerry Kehoe, William Kay. T. Lyons, ' M. Lichtenstadt, B. T. Lamb, P. Lynch, P. Mclarkey, T. J. Malone, M. Myers, Michael McCulIough,

Charles Mulhtrin. Capt. Nelson, Michael Murphy.
Henry Osbome. M. O'Connor. James Roondrcn. John Ryan, Dennis Sullivan. Captain Swift, Charles Savage, John Shehan, G. Shoenborger. L. Valemino.

Note: This roster was found by Miss Ida Ryan among her father's papers. The reader will note that there seem to be Germans and an Italian in the company, and two officers (Captain Nelson and Captain Swift) were native bom. A note concerning Captain Nelson appears in an article about the old ferries. The volunteers evidently were gaudily arrayed. Receipts for

Trimmings for 40 coats, 20 yards gold lace, 1 great gross large buttons,

1/2 great gross small buttons, 8 dozen stars, 4 pairs epaulettes.

appear in the orderly books, as do receipts for rent on hall for May and June 185-1.

58

1837 -- A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL-- 1937

A COMPARISON OF TAX RETURN'S FOR THE YEARS 1868-1909-1936
B\ STEPHENS M1TCHELL. WITH NOTES BY FRANKLIN XI. CARRETT

yt HE tax returns of the City of Atlanta show, to some extent, the growth or lack of i growth of the city and of its inhabitants. The society has recently acquired a tax 3 digest of the city of the year 1868 and this article is a comparison of the taxpayers jj of that period with the taxpayers of 1909 and of 1936. Obviously we can not print * the entire digests, and so we have selected from the 1868 digest a list of all persons paying taxes on estate of over $10.000.00; from the 1909 digest a list of all persons paying taxes on estate of over 5100,000.00 and from the 1936 digest a list of all persons paying taxes on estate of over $150,000.00.
Some of the largest taxpayers have incorporated their estates and it is therefore impossible to determine what the individual tax returns might have been. Other large taxpayers have moved out of the city and reside in country districts.
This list embraces estates not yet wound up, but does not include partnerships, corporations or trade names.
Those persons or their estates which appear on two of the lists have a star opposite them. Those which appear on all three lists have two stars opposite them.
The list of course is not complete. Errors will always occur and a really complete and accu rate check is almost an impossible task for one person. However, the author believes that the majority of the names which should be listed have been put down in the list.
The valuations are in most cases given in round figures, and not exactly.
The persistence o( wealth through three generations is noted in 6 cases.
In 23 cases it has persisted into the second generation.

1868 RETURN: N. JL Angicr.................................... Parkc W. Arnold............................ Parkc E. Arnold __...----........... George W. Adair.____--.--
Thomas Alexander Alfred Austcll ___
Joseph E. Brown_ H. Braumullcr ___ M. A. Bell _____ \V. H. Brothcrton A. V. Brumby ...._. John Blounl --.____. J. B. Brantlcv Estate..M. Bloomficld ____ C. M. Boynlon____ \V. T. Bramlcy_ Henry Banks ._ "M. R. Berry-_____ Claibornc Ball-man S. S. Bcach._
F. M. Bcgerly. R. M. Clarkc_James Caldn.ll John Collier C. P. Cassia T. M. Clark. __
H. XI. Cozart Estate F. N. Chisholm. W. p. Chishol
James Clark ------_____ Mrs. Rebecca Chisholm ... James R. Crew EstateJames M. Calhoun __ Mrs. Lydia Clarkc__ C. Kontz _.____...__

34,700 16,000 20^00 12,000 20,000 49.700 10,000 16,000 27,650
10.000 15300 12,000 12.000 11300 10,000 11.000 29.000
11,000 11.000 13300 11,000
30,150 10,000 40.000 22.000 20.000 19,400 35.000
21.700 38.000 19.000 12,000 21,60 14,500 12500

William B. Cox'George W. Collier-.
T. L. Cooper Estate J, H. Callaw_y_ C. W. Dill. Trustee for Gardner..
C. \V. Dill, Trustee for GardnerL. H. Davis___..______ _-- J. C. Davis___ S. A. Durand-. J. A. Uoanc_-. Lemuel Dcanc _--..... J. M. Duncan.__--W. H. Dabncy___ Robert Daniel --...... \v"m. Ezzard _--. . W. D. Fain _Z__._ Xlrs. Jane FrankJohn Fickcn ,,__ V. A. Gas.ill __ George Gibbon . L. P. Grant-
John D. Cray__ John M. GarmouE. \V. Holland __ Thomas G. Hcatcy__ Pclcr Huge _______ J. A. Haydcn . Janella XI. Haas ---------- William Herring ---------- J. M. Holbrook. Trustee-. H. C. Holcombc _____ W. H. HarvillcC. W. Hunnicutt--. P. J. Immcll Estate-. S. XI. Inman____ M. J. Ivy______

15,000 12.000 14,000 34,000 37500
12.600 12,400 29,000 16.600 19300 19300 18300 22,800 18,000 11500 14.000 11.800 28300 20.400 26.800 88.900
20.000 12,000 28300 24300 30,000 21.700 10,000 34.000 10,000 12.100 12.000 15300 16.000 10,000 10.000

1837 -- AT LAN TA CE N TE N N I A L -- 1937

.w

George Johtuon _____--------__.------ -.-- Altai E. Johmoii Eslalc---------------------- .
H. G. Ktihrt _ .._..-...... _ ..... _____ _-...._ Thomas Kile --.-.._-.....-------------------- Patrick Lynch ._..... ------------------ ... -------- i> Lawshc* _.... __. __ .... ___..__--.. _ * Peter Lynch _____.__ .. _ ... _ _.___. James R. Loflon ------ .._.._.._.. -------- ..... --

J. H. Lovcjoy_____-_.._...._._.....___ \Vm. Markham -------------- ._.... -- ...... -- ~_
1 n \i r m,,i,.|
\ IV \IjK4u-ll

U' P Drm<.
R'rh;r<1 P/M<T* .. .... , .. lohii ^ I*"pf

Ccorgo F, R.ou-arrh _ ... ,,..... ,,,.

John Ryan

.. ... _. ..

f, V Bir^

I r Writs
Mrs. Caroline Williams, Guardian _____

10.000 14,000 16,000 25,000 19500 13.400.
28.400 10300
12500 17,100 20,300
n18a5o0o0
22.800
10.400 21500 16,000 19500 13.000
17500 25.000 12.460 20200
u11a.1o0o0
1-1.000
32200 11.000 25,600 1-1,000
10.100 23 500 97,700 11,000 12.833 10.000
23.000 40.000 12,000 42,100 86.200
21.000 15.000 25,000 12500 97.000
31,600 13200 32500 11500 11,000 52500
27 WO 12.000 16.000 15.750 17.000
29.600 29,600 21.600 26,000 13,000

1909 RETURN

\(n J. V Ahhntf

Frtm- H- fimrgy Affair

,-

Mr* ] r. Inrtn-u-,

\l R R^rry Fmnk F Blnrk Philip RriMI-nrmrhrr .. ...
Dr A. U1 r-ilhrmn

... ..

<! 172500
203.000 178,000
110,000
321.000
155.000 109,700 172,625

T. M. Clarl ...._..._. _ ..... _ ...... _____ E. JL. Connall\_._. __ ._....._.._......._.. ___ Mis. Kaic Cox ..._. __ ._..._.._.......... ___

J. \V. EnglUh . __ .. __ ........._,,...._. __.__.
J. Q. Whiichcad Esmc_..-.._...._..___.. George \Vjn.shjp ___^___... _ . __ . __ . John \V. Grant_____.....,,......,,.,,.. ._____ Mrs. \V. D. Cranl____ ........._._... __
Mrs. H. E. Havdcn Estalc... ......... .............. W. T. Heaicv' W. A. Hcmphill ESI.HC ......
Joel Hurl----------. . .. ....._....._.._..... .

W. H. i J. F. Kiscr_.._................... _____ Mrs. E- T. Lamar____._.._....._....._........_ J. H. Lumpkin____._.. ___. ______ C. C. McGchrc_ . .. ._.. .. ..

JJ.ohCnanE-o. iMl Puarpvhnecy--_--____--_

.

._ _.

J. C. Peck Esiate___ _ __ .-
S H Ph^.nn

U'. A. Rau-son Estate___

A. G. Rhodes

.... ....... ........

J y Ro<*r

John Silvcy EsLite___._..__ ..___.. _ .Mrs. S. G. Slaton______ .___ . _____ \V. L. Traynham--____. _. ______^ Mr*. Gcrlrudc \'olbcrg_______.__.__

217.000 300.000 220.000
127 .-(00 160.000
378.000 114550
I37.S50 227 .350 117500 126.000 113300 I93.60X
615,000 497.SOO 2SSJOO 115.775 123500 156.000 140,000 199,000 140.600 S06.750 594.000 SS4.050 354350 102500 4S5.000 221.440
104215 117.425 12S.t0 132500 2S7.000 203fi50 1O1.075
162200 1 18500
337.100 102.970 112.300
157500 111.000 409.200 149.025
129550 JS61500

1936RETl'RNS V. H. Allrn Mm. T J. Awry Hok^ Sniirh FI,^c .. .. T. P. A Cjlhmm _..
AVI r.. c-->"Hr^r ,,, .. ..
jno. S_ rjindlrr
XVallcr T. Candlrr \r.-ir\- V_ F-ipn FSI.ITT: .. ,-

"C,. W. rollicr- Fslat^

__

W. J TlivU
J I njrt-ov, Jr J r, n<vl<nn"

May Inman Rray, .

...

,,

199.199 303045 160,310
2S2.2S2 1 iSO.744
943,443 1.046513
269.769 162,021 644.172 201.122 223594 1 S3 500 220540
426J-5 162.06S 462.000 296,000
177.000 170,000 170.000 300.000 .. .... 500.000

60

1837-Ar LA NT A CENTENNIAL-1937

\r i, f%ir*rh

__________ 170.000

*"F M Inman

150.000

253,000 185,000 "J. F. K.JM.T Estate___................._..._,..,,.._.... 500,000

272.000

190,000

Mrs. Etta P Schaul S. S. VI ig

.............

John E. Smith_____ . _. __.._._. ___

360,000 150,000

*W. JL Travnham staic_._.._._ ....,,-...._-,...... 167,000

J. Carroll Paync____...,,.,,...,,..,,...,,....._.. 2-10,000
230,000

Mm. 11 R Pflrft

155,000

* Haydcn Estate ___.________..___.. 170,000

George Hillvcr Estate--__.__..._...._.,,.. 155,000
F<l. H Inman T.aalf
*John E. Murphy Estate___________ 535,000
flnry Vinsnn
165.000 Mrs. Faunic A. Wright ___ . _ ..._____ . 165,000

NOTES BV FRANKLIN M. CARRETT ON THE FAMILIES LISTED ABOVE
While space will not permit giving information about all of the families listed, it is thought that the following notes will be of interest:
GEORGE W. ADAIR: Born in Morgan County, Georgia, March 1, 1823; died in Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 29, 1899; was the founder of the real estate firm which still bears the family name. Early in life he became connected with the Georgia Railroad and was conductor on the first train that entered Atlanta, then Marthasville, on Sept. 15, 1845. He entered the real estate business in 1865 and was eminently successful. His civic activities were many and useful.
ALFRED AUSTJELL: Born in Jefferson County, Tennessee, Jan. 14, 1814; died in Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 7, 1881. Engaged in mercantile business at Dandridgei Tenn., Spartanburg, S. C., and Campbellton, Ga., before coming to Atlanta in 1858. On Sept. 1, 1865, he organized the At lanta National Bank, serving as president until his death. Was very active in railroad building. Married in 1853, Miss Francina Camoron and had four children: \Vm. W. Austell; Janie, who married James Swann; Julia, who married Albert E. Thornton, and Alfred Austell, Jr., all de ceased.
MAXWELL R. BERRY: Born in Lincoln County, N. C., Feb. 6, 1823; died Aug. 13, 1909. En gaged in business in McDonough, Ga., and Talladega, Ala., later returning to Georgia and form ing a partnership with his brother-in-law, \Vm. Markham, who was then engaged in selling clocks, peddling them in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. This venture was a success, but in 1854 Mr. Berry retired and bought two hundred acres of land in what is now Ormewood, three miles east of downtown Atlanta. After three years he moved to Atlanta in 1857 and engaged in the contracting business with Thomas G. Healey, a partnership that lasted many years, profitably to the partners and beneficially to Atlanta.
ROBERT M. CLARKE: Born in North Carolina, March 25, 1824; died Nov. 7, 1891. Came to Atlanta during the 1840's, where he had a varied business career for nearly fifty years. He en gaged in the wholesale and retail grocery business; insurance, and during the 1870's operated the Oglethorpe Manufacturing Co. at Panola Shoals on South River in DeKalb County. This firm manufactured ropes and warps, and while long since out of business, remains of the old fac tory may yet be seen.
WILLIS P. CHISHOLM: The Chisholm family settled in Atlanta in the middle fifties, and ac quired much valuable real estate in downtown Atlanta. Willis P. Chisholm, born Nov. 23, 1833; died Jan. 21, 1888. Was in the wholesale and retail grocery business with William L. Hubbard at the northeast corner of Decatur and Ivy Streets.
WILLIAM B. Cox: Born in Clarke County, Georgia, Nov. 5, 1828; died Sept. 28, 1883. Began his business career by clerking in a store at Dalton, Ga., later going to Rome, Ga., in the same capacity. Came to Atlanta in 1859, where he engaged in the wholesale grocery business with W. Rhode Hill. Enlisted in the Thirty-sixth Georgia regiment, C. S. A., when it was organized and rose to the rank of major. After the war he became senior partner in the wholesale liquor firm of Cox, Hill and Thompson. He was also a director and vice-president of the old Atlanta National Bank.

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GEORGE WASHINGTON COLLIER: One of Atlanta's most historic citi/ens was born in what later became Gwinnett County, Georgia, Nov. 29, 1813, and died at his home in "Collier Woods" June 20, 1903. Coming to Fulton, then to DeKalb County with his father. Meredith Collier, in 1822, he saw Atlanta rise from the very first settler to become a metropolis of over one hundred thousand souls. This remarkable growth did not cause Mr. Collier to deviate Jrom the even tenor of his way, and for eighty years he lived in Land Lot Xo. 104 near Peachtrec Creek, in the midst of the primeval forest, he found there in 1822. George \V. Collier, better known as "Wash" Collier, was the first merchant to occupy the strategic location of Five Points, known to a later generation as "Tom Pitts Corner." His heirs retained this property until last year. Mr. Collier operated a grocery store, part of the store being given over to the post office. He served as Postmaster of Atlanta from Dec. 22, 18-15, until Dec. 12, 18-19. Whatever Mr. Collier's success as a merchant may have been his Fordone was in his land. It is interesting to note thai on May 31, 1845, he bought the Five Points corner for 130.
THOMAS G. HEALEY: Born March 19, 1818; died Oct. 26, 1897; came to Atlanta about 1850. From this time to the breaking out of the war bewteen the states he engaged in the brick manu facturing and contracting business in partnership with Julius A. Hayden. After the war he formed a partnership with Maxwell R. Berry in the same business. This association continued for several years, until Mr. Healcy went into business with his son, the late William T. Healey. In 1877, the original Healey building, a three-story brick structure, was erected on the present site of the William Oliver building. In 1911 William T. Healey built the present Healey build ing.
A. HAYDEN: Bom in Connecticut, Aug. 25, 1810; died in Florida, Feb. 15. 1890. He married Harriet Cone, daughter of Judge Reuben Cone, a large Atlanta real csiaie owner of the 1830's and '40's. Mr. Hayden was for many years in the contracting business with Thomas G. Healey. He was also president of the Atlanta Gas and Light Company from its organi/ation in 1855 until 1877, when he moved to Florida.
CALVIN \V. HUNNICUTT: Bom in Mecklenburg County, Xorth Carolina, Feb. 27. 1827: died in Atlanta, Jan. 20, 1915. First came to Atlanta in 1847 and began an association with the drygoods and clothing house of Haas and Levi, which continued until 1852, when he formed a part nership with John Silvey in the dry goods business. In 1858 he sold his share in this business to David H. Dougherty and went into the drug trade with James A- Taylor. This firm occu pied the Five Points location, formerly the site of "Wash" Collier's grocery and post office. Af ter the war between the states. Mr. Hunnicutt formed a partnership with Leonard Bellingrath and engaged in the plumbing and gas fining business, the firm being known as Hunnicutt and Bellingrath. On Dec. 3, 1857, Mr. Hunnicutt married Lctitia Payne. daughter of one of Atlan ta's oldest pioneers, Edwin Payne.
SAMUEL M. IXMAN: Born in Dandridge, East Tennessee, Feb. 19. 1843: died in Atlanta. Jan. 12, 1915. Was a student at Princeton when the war between the states broke out. He left col lege and joined Co. K of the First Tennessee Cavalry. C. S. A., which became a part of Johnston's Western Army. After the war he established himself in business in Augusta, Ga., but in 1867 came to Atlanta and became a partner with his father, S. M. Inman. in the cotton busi ness. In 1869 the firm name was changed to S. M. Inman & Company. For many years this firm was one of the leading cotton organizations of the world, Mr. Inman amassing a large for tune therefrom. He was 'a director in many large corporations and probably did more than any other one man to insure the success of the Cotton States and International Exposition of 1895.
PETER LYNCH: Born in Ireland in 1827; died in Atlanta, Dec. 2, 1903. He was the youngest of five brothers, John, James, Michael, Patrick, and Peter, who came to America and to Atlanta in 1848. In 1857 he established a general merchandise store at Whitehall and Mitchell Streets, which he operated continuously until his death. Peter Lynch's store was truly an Atlanta land mark.
JOHN RYAN: Born in Tipperary. Ireland, about 1827; died in Atlanta, Nov. 22. 1897. Came to Atlanta in 1855 and entered the dry goods and mercantile business on the west side of White hall Street between Alabama and Hunter. He operated this business continuously until his re tirement in 1887. The two-story red brick Ryan home, located at 226 Whitehall Street from 1858 to 1931, when it was demolished, was one of Atlanta's most picturesque landmarks.

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EDWARD E. RAWSON: Born in Craftsbury, Vt., Jan. 26, 1818; died in Atlanta, April 10, 1893. Settled in Lumpkin, Ga., in young manhood and engaged in the mercantile business there sev eral years before coming to Atlanta in 1857. Served in City Council in 1863 and 1864 and again in 1867-1868. Was a potent factor in the establishment of the Atlanta Waterworks; was Secre tary and Treasurer of the Atlanta Cotton Mills and for many years engaged in the cotton man ufacturing business.
FRANK P. RICE: Born in Clarcmont, N. H., Oct 28, 1838; died in Atlanta, March 10, 1923. Came to Atlanta with his parents when he was nine years old and the city boasted a population of 1,200. He took an active part in the city government and played a conspicuous part in the establishment of the public school system and in the removal of the State Capitol to Atlanta. He was a leader in the promotion of railroads and in partnership with Russell C. Mitchell dealt extensively in lumber. His real estate holdings were large.
JOHN SILVEY: Born in Jackson County, Georgia, Dec. 31, 1817: died in Atlanta, March 2, 1897. First came to Atlanta in 1947, and for two years clerked for Haas and Lcvi. dealers in general merchandise. He caught the gold fever in 1849 and betook himself to California, where he stayed three years, returning to Atlanta in 1852. He embarked in the dry goods business at that time and to it devoted the rest of his life.
JOSEPH WINSHIP: Born in N'ew Salem, Mass., Aug. 29, 1800; died in Atlanta, Sept. 11, 1878. Engaged in mercantile pursuits in Monticello, Ga., Clinton, Ga., and Forsyth, Ga. In 1845 he established a cotton gin factor)' in Morgan County, whidi he operated successfully until 1851, when he came to Atlanta and engaged in the manufacture of freight cars. He later moved his factory down the W. & A. R. R. to Foundry Street and devoted it exclusively to the manufac ture of cotton gins. A few years after the war between the states his sons, Robert and George Winship, took over the business and operated it as the Winship Machine Works for many years.

THE CYCLORAMA OF THE BATTLE OF ATLANTA
By Al.MA HILL JAMISON. REFERENCE LIBRARIAN
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF ATLANTA. GEORGIA
J3IHE phenomenal success of Margaret Mitchell's fine novel has locused the attention i] of several million readers in America and England on Atlanta and its vicinity. J) The prospect of the further publicity which this locality will receive when the book Sjj has been filmed has also stimulated a deep interest in, and a re-examination of, SJ events of the campaign and battle which sealed the fate of the Confederacy.
The most moving and impressive memorial of that campaign and battle is the panoramic painting of the Battle of Atlanta, now owned and exhibited by the City of Atlanta. Measuring fifty feet in height, four hundred feet in circumference and weighing eighteen thousand pounds, the painting has had a most remarkable history. Painted in Milwaukee in 1885 and 1886 at a total cost of 540,000. carried from place to place by its constantly changing owners, it was finally brought to Atlanta in 1892. Sold at auction the following year, it was bought by an Atlanta citizen, Mr. G. V. Cress, and eventually given to the city. Today, experts value it at more than a million dollars.
According to the dictoinary. a panorama is a picture, viewed from a central point or plat form, of a scene or several scenes, unrolled and made to pass before the spectators, and usually intended for exhibition in a manner to produce, by optical illusion, an appearance of reality. The fact that many of these paintings were made circular to increase the optical illusion led to their being called "cycloramas," a term defined as a "large pictorial representation encir cling the spectator often having real objects as a foreground."
The principle of these panoramas was first suggested by a German architectural painter named Breisig of Danzig, but it remained for an Irishman to put the idea into execution. Rob ert Barker, a portrait and miniature painter born in 1739 in Kells, Ireland, had come to Edinboro to teach drawing. Several stories have been told as to the means by which the idea of a panorama first suggested itself to him. The most credible of these is that while sketching on

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Colton Hill, Edinboro, he noticed certain light and shade effects and was struck by the possi bility of painting a picture on a large cylindrical surface to represent the entire scene around him. He went to London and outlined his plan to Sir Joshua Reynolds who had so little faith, in the practicality of such a crack-brained scheme that he declared thai, if such a project should ever be put into execution, he would get up from his bed at any hour of the night to see the marvel. After many difficulties. Barker succeeded in painting a panorama of the City of Edinboro on paper pasted on linen. \\"hcn ihc panorama was actually ready for exhibition at 28 Castle street, Leicester Square. Sir Joshua did not rise from bed as he had promised, but did arise from the breakfast table clad in his dressing gown and slippers, and walk from his home to 28 Castle street to examine the marvel and to congratulate the painter handsomely.
With ihe aid of Lord Elcho, Barker had secured a patent before putting his plan into exe cution. His cylindrical picture, completely surrounding the spectator, was viewed from a central, roofed and shaded platform. The success of this novelty led 10 the formation of a joint stock company for underwriting other panoramas as the great interest in these paintings made them enormously profitable.
At the same time that these panorams were creating such widespread interest, a certain young American who had come to England to perfect his technique as a painter was earning a precarious livelihood by doing portraits and miniatures. His name was Robert Fuhon. In the hope of furthering his interests, he went from England to France to urge the adoption of his invention of canal equipment for the new canal soon to be cut from Paris to Dieppe. \VhiIe waiting for favorable action on his application, he conceived the idea of improving his finances by painting a panorama, a novelty unknown in Paris. The subject of this painting was the burning of Moscow, not that decreed twelve years later by Napoleon, but an earlier conflagra tion occurring in the seventeenth century. The success of Fuhon's panorama may be judged from the following street ballad:
"Paris more than any place Rejoices in a legitimate success. A clever man will show it you For one franc fifty centimes. And everybody goes or is going To the pano, pano, panorama."
Thus was initiated a vogue for these paintings and many others followed Fulton's example. Soon the idea spread to other countries, reaching the L'nited States when Felix Philippoteaux brought here his "Siege of Paris," "Battle of Gettysburg," "Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimac." Many improvements were developed, including the use of plastic objects to give a more realistic effect. The popularity of these cycloramas led to their being shown in many American cities. An American company was soon formed to paint cycloramas for exhibition, and a studio under the direction of Mr. William Wehner was opened in Milwaukee in the spring of 1885. A staff of eight artists was brought over from Germany to do ihe painting. The Battle of Missionary Ridge was ihcir first effort, followed by the Baltic of Atlanta which was painted in 1885-6 and sent to Detroit for exhibition in 1887. In a descriptive pamphlet is sued by ihe Detroit Cyclorama Company which may be seen in the Carnegie Library and in the Atlanta Historical Society Library. Mr. Wchner says that, in an effort to produce the most excellent as well as the most authentic painting, he engaged a staff of painters widely experienced in painting battle pieces and panoramas. Chief among these were Hcrr August Lohr of Munich and Herr R. M. Heine of Dresden who directed'the execution of the cvclorama. Associated with them were Bernhard Schneider, Wilhelm Schroeter and Fran> Biiberstcin. landscape painters; Herr Zuckotinsky. Theodor Breidwise, Franz Rohrbeck. Herman Michalowski, and Johannes Schulu. figure painters; Richard Lorenz and George Peter, animal painters. Mr. Peter is the only survivor of this group, and since 191] he has been on the staff of the Milwaukee Art Museum.
With characteristic German thoroughness, the artists of Mr. Wehncr's Ntudio made every effort to paint a cyclorama which would not only be a work of art but also a model of histori cal accuracy. In October, 1885, they came to Atlanta to make an exhaustive reconnaissance of the battlefields. With them was Theodore R. Davis, war correspondeni and staff artist on the Harper's Weekly, who had travelled with General Sherman during the entire Georgia cam paign. Davis had made for his magazine sketches of the various engagements of that cam paign while they were actually taking place. Later these sketches were corrected and ap-

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proved by the officers who had commanded these attacks. No better adviser than Davis could have been found for the Cyclorama of the Battle of Atlanta. An article in the Atlanta Consti tution gives Oavis much more space than the foreign artists who had been brought over to paint the cyclorama. The painters stayed at the \Veinmaster Hotel at 12 Forsyth street and went daily to the site of the battlefield. Here they had built a tower forty feet high, on the Georgia Railroad just across from Mr. George Scott's fertilizer plant, which commanded a panorama of the whole landscape. Sketches of topography, later used as a basis for studies in oil, were made. The painters kept their drawing materials and paints in the basement of Mr. Frederick Koch's house. Miss Katharine Koch, then only a child, remembers vividly the prac tical jokes played on each other by the artists. The Atlanta people were told that Sheriff Thomas of Fulton County, Col. Albert Howell, Dr. Durham and other Confederate leaders would be prominent in the painting. Portraits of commanders on both sides were obtained and copied. Official maps and papers had been secured from the War Department. No effort was spared to make the painting as accurate a portrayal as possible of the events of the battle.
The painting was completed at a cost of $40,000 and was exhibited first in Detroit in 1887. Thus, 1937 marks the semi-centennial of the painting as well as the centennial of the city whose destruction it commemorates.
Sometime between 1887 and 1890, it was bought by Mr. Paul Atkinson, a former member of the State Legislature, for 52,500. Mr. Atkinson, from the limited accounts available to us, seems to have taken it first to Nashville for exhibition purposes, then to have brought it to Atlanta in February, 1892. The enterprise must have been less profitable than he had hoped, for 1893 found him selling it to a Mr. H. H. Harrison of Florida for exhibition at the Chicago World's Fair . As the fair officials required a brick building for it, Mr. Harrison was unable to put his plans into execution. Arrears in rents accumulated, while a leaking roof damaged the painting to such an extent that he abandoned it. Finally it was sold at auction to Mr. G. V. Cress, who gave it to the City of Atlanta.
When the Reference Department of the Carnegie Library began, last fall, to look into the history of the painting, it found that history almost lacking. The pamphlet issued by Detroit Cyclorama Company in the files of the Carnegie Library naturally led to the selection of De troit and Milwaukee as the first points of attack. Letters were dispatched to the reference de partments of the Public Libraries in those cities, asking for whatever information was available.
The Detroit Public Library immediately sent on interlibrary loan an intact copy of the pamphlet published by the Detroit Cyclorama Company, which contained a circular drawing of the picture with every salient point and figure carefully labelled. Along with this loan were received photostats of the news story and advertisement appearing in the Detroit Free Press of February 27, 1887, the date the painting was first put on exhibition. Sandwiched in be tween the advertisements of dancing academies, the Cyclorama advertisement announced that General Logan's great battle may now be seen on the corner of Bates & Larncd streets from 8 a. m. to 10 p. m. The news story describing the great throng which turned out at the opening and mentions especially the enthusiastic comments of General C. M. Poe, a members of General Sherman's staff, during the Atlanta campaign.
Pleasing as this response was, the answer from Milwaukee was more satisfactory than we had dared to hope. Our letter to the Reference Department of the Public Library had been referred to the Art Museum, and on the staff of the Museum was the sole survivor of the group of artists who had painted the picture, Mr. George Peter. A brief statement from him was sent along with an old photograph of the entire group at work on what was probably the "Battle of Missionary Ridge." A photograph of Mr. Peter made quite recently afforded an interesting comparison with that of fifty years ago. Copies of both these photographs were made for the Library files. The statement which follows was surprising in several ways:
STATEMENT OF MR. PETER "Replying to a letter of Xovember 21st. from the Carnegie Library of Ihc city of Atlanta. Georgia, which \ou turned over to me. and which asked for information relative to the activities of the qroup of panorama artists who were active here in Milwaukee early in the Xiiictics, I am glad to submit the following information. The Milwaukee Panorama Company was formed in 1885 by Mr. U'm. \Vchncr, and started to paiut cycloramas in a specially constructed studio, in the spring of that year. A staff of eight artNt* hud been imported for this purpose from Germany. The first of these pictures was The Battle of Missionary Ridge, and the next was the Battle of At lanta. Two cyclommas of each subject were completed. Then followed a picture of Jerusalem and the

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Crucifixion of Christ, of which two were completed. All of jjiesc were made by ihe Milwaukee Cyclorama Company. Then the artists themselves banded together and produced another picture entitled Chris's Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem, of which only one was made.

I arrived in the L'nitcd States in July. 1886, from Munich where 1 had been engaged. My firM step was in Cleveland, where the Battle of Missionary Ridge had already been completed.. After a fen weeks I xvas transferred 10 Milwaukee, where ihc Battle of Atlanta picture was Ixriiig drawn up.

There were four artists engaged for figures and four for landscape work. 1 ivas cmplo\ed for figures, horses, mules, etc., ami did most of this work from ihcn on. until the fall of 188,**. when work ceased. Besides palming the animals in these pictures I was also acihe in designing the natural foregrounds of
each.

Meanwhile. Mr. \Vchncr had moved to California, and until 1S9S no further panoramas were painted. Then admiral Dewey won his victory ai Manila Bay. and Mr. \\chncr once more became active. He engaged five of the original group of artists who were siill li\ing in Milwaukee, nmong them myself. \Ve went to San Francisco and painted the last of these cycloramas. The Baltic of Manila Bay, I was actively engaged on all these pictures from Man 10 finish awl am today the lasl simHor of ihe original group of artists who painted these gigantic pictures.

Since 1911. I ha*c been employed by the Milwaukee Public Museum, as anist for TOIS and

nUira "-"

.Signed! GEORGE PETER.

Attention is called to the statement that two cycloramas of the Battle of Atlanta were painted, but when questioned further as to the disposition of the other. Mr. Peter could add no information further. This gave us a problem which we have not yet solved. A letter in our

THE TEN MEN WHO PAINTED THE WORLD-FAMOt'S CYCLORAMA I. George Peter: 2. Theotlorc Davis: 3. Fram Rohrbcck: 4. U'illiam Vvchner: 5. AViThcim Schroeter: 6. August Lohr: 7. Herman Mtchalowski; 8. Bcrnhard Schncider: 9. F. W. Heine: 10. Th. Brcidwixer.
files from Mr. Paul Atkinson, written in 1913, says he bought the cyclorama in 1890 from the Indianapolis An Exhibit Company for 52,500 and brought it first to Nashville then to At lanta. Our first inquiries in Indianapolis brought us nothing but discouragement for no rec ords of its having been there were found. Where was the painting between I8S7 and 1890 when Mr. Atkinson bought it, or rather, where were both paintings?

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Granting that Mr. Peter's memory is not at fault in the lapse of fifty years, will it be pos sible to identify the painting we now have with that shown at any particular place, if two identical paintings of the Battle of Atlanta were in existence at the same time?
Through the kindness of Mr. Al Richardson of the Associated Press, the story of our quandrary was broadcast through the many affiliated newspapers. The response was immediate, bringing letters from people who had seen the painting in Minneapolis, Indianapolis, and Cleveland. Confirmation of the Minneapolis jaunt came in the form of a booklet entitled "Scenes from the Battle of Atlanta Panoramo, permanently located Fifth Street New Nicollet Ave.. Minneapolis, Minn.," which was given the Library by the late Mr. W. H. Aaron, for a long time lecturer at the Cyclorama in Grant Park. Inquiry was also made to Mrs. Paul Atkinson of Madison. Georgia, in the hope that she would be able to throw some light on the problem. Mrs. Atkinson could add nothing definite to our knowledge, but referred us to Mr. Emmctt McConncII who had been a business associate of her late husband, and who had the Battle of Gettysburg on exhibition at the recent Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago. Mr. McConnell's address was secured from the descriptive pamphlet sold at the Gettysburg building in Chicago, and information was requested immediately from him. His answer, re ceived from Dallas, Texas, where he had the Gettysburg picture on exhibition at the Texas State Fair, confirms Mr. Peter's statement that there were two Atlanta paintings, but contains some discrepancies in the facts already in our hands.

MR. McCONNELL'S LETTER

CYCLORAMA EXPOSITION COMMITTEE, INC.

State Fair of Texas

Alma Hill Jamison.

Dallas. Texas. Feb. 26. 1937.

Reference Librarian.

Atlanta. Georgia.

Dear Miss Jamison:

Your letter to Hollywood of Feb. 5th, delivered to me. Dallas. Texas. I do not know of any printed history of the cyclorama development tho it is a distinct art now animated with electric cfTccts. and me chanical apparatus giving auditory perspective called stereophonic sound, permitting the volume o( tone of voice or sound to match the distance from the individual listener.
I interested your M. 1'aul Atkinson in the Cyclorama business at Chattanooga. Tenn., in 1890. first exhibiting the cyclorama of the Battle of Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain. Later we secured the Battle of Atlanta painted by a group of German artists at Milwaukee assembled by Mr. A. Von \VchncT who later retired and became interested in the ivinc business of California. A replica of your bat tle was made by these artists for Indianapolis. Ind.. and exhibited there for a number of 'years. I bought the painting and removed it to Electric Park, Baltimore. Md., in 1897. It had been in damp storage for some years in Indianapolis and during its Baltimore exhibition it fell to pieces and could (not) be repaired for further exhibition.
The method of producing a cyclorama was discovered by an English artist. Smith by name, but de veloped and perfected by M. Phillippelcaux (sic) and his son Paul of Paris, France. Later, an English artist, E. J. Austen, under my direction, assembled all the great military painters of Europe and America and produced many spcctatoriums and cycloramas such as Battle of Gettysburg. Niagara Falls. Jerusalem on the Day of Crucifixion, Creation of the World and Birth of Man, etc.
I am sorry I cannot give you the full detail fed) information you desire covering the history of your cyclorama. Mr. Charles At>cl Corwin. chief artist of the Field's museum of Chicago--formerly of the Chicago Art Institute--may Ix: in possession of information that will add to the history of your painting. Mr. Convin wrote the article on museums of natural history in the 1-lth edition of the Brittannica Encyc lopedia. Two of Mr. Corwin's paintings arc reproduced to illustrate the article. Mr. Convin was one of the staff of artists to paint many cycloramas and is recognized as the greatest horse painter of the cycloramas.
If 1 can l>c of further aid to vou. command me.

Yours very truly,

1907 Moscr Street. Dallas. Texas. February 26. 1937.

(Signed) E. W. McCONNELL.

Soon after this letter came, the library received from Miss Helen Valodin of Indianapolis a typewritten transcript of the history of the painting as given by files of the Indianapolis Journal. The similarity of its history in that city to its history in Atlanta might well have held a lesson for those later producers of war moving pictures who failed to take into account the fickleness of public taste. In Indianapolis, a cyclorama stock company, capitalized at SI25.000, was organ-

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izcd by Mr. \Vehner. A circular building was constructed to house ihe painting which, accord ing to the Indianapolis Journal, was brought immediately from Minneapolis to Indianapolis and stored until the grand opening on May 29, 1888. The Journal of the 30ih was enthusiastic in its praise of the painting and in its pride in the great number of visitors. The novehy soon wore off, however, and January, 1889, found the owners offering fifty dollars in gold to the school children for the three best descriptive essays on the cyclorama. Sham battles, picnics, and chances on a \ew Home sewing machine were further inducements offered from time to time to stem the continually diminishing attendance. A quartet was even brought from Atlanta to sing behind the scenes and the admission fee cut. all without avail. By the spring of 1S90. arrears in electric light and printing bills, expenses of operation, etc., brought judgments against the paint ing, and by August of the same year, a receiver had been appointed. In September, all real and personal property of the cyclorama company was ordered sold at auction. The sale occur red October 4. 1890, and the painting was bought by the heirs of the Miller estate, owners of the property on which the building stood, for 56,060. A quarrel between two stockholders, one of whom brought an injunction against the other, charging fraud in valuation of shares, pro vided a sordid aftermath. March. 1891. brought another change of owners and an announce ment of the removal of the cyclorama to another city. Although the newspaper account does not say to whom it was sold or where it would be moved, a later sketch by Miss Valodin which ap peared in an Indianapolis newspaper after the Associated Press story by Mr. Richardson was published does say that the painting was sold to Mr. Atkinson and later to Mr. Gross. What is the explanation for the discrepancy? Were both our cyclorama and that bought by Mr. McConnell for exhibition in Baltimore shown in Indianapolis?
Mr. Atkinson's story of the purchase is found in the following letter, written to Mr. \\*. T. Waters. Jr., a reporter on the Atlanta Journal staff:

\V. T. Waters. Jr. Atlanta. Cn.

MADISON" VARIETY WORKS Building Material and Supplies

Madison. Ca.. January 7. 1913.

Dear Mr. Waters:

Yours in reference to the Cyclorama "Battle of Atlanta" leccivcd. Il has been my intention lo give some data in reference lo this subject for some time--but have failed to do so--Am glad you will handle the matter--1 bought the "Battle of Atlanta" Cyclorama from the "Indianapolis An Exhibit Companv" in 1S90--The painting was made in Detroit. Michigan, by three German artists. Messrs. Brachl--Bocsnlin-- Koche-- (I am not Hire as lo the correct spelling of these names) --These artists sent photographers to At lanta in lrtS3--They made photos of the section--and from these the artists were enabled to get the topog raphy of the section there. With the data in hand they went to work.--The hour represented on the can vas was immediately after Gen. McPherson had been killed ami Gen. Logan had been placed in command. The painting cost originally S10.000 (forty thousand). I bought it at a shameful sacrifice--I paid onlv S2jiOO--nrcnt; -five hundred dollars <for it)-I moved it to Chattanooga from Indianapolis--where I had l>ccu exhibiting the Cyclorama of the Baltic of "Mission Ridge"--This "Mission Ridge" picture cost me ten thousand dollars,--I bought it from the Texas Art Exhibit Company of Fl. Worth. Texas.--Mv receipts in Chattanooga from the two pictures was S27.000 in about 1!* months. I moved the "Mission Ridge" pic ture to Atlanta in 1R90-- It was located on Edgcwood Avenue.--It had a fine patronage--II xvas then moxcd lo Nashville. Tcml.. and the "Battle of Atlanta" was then moved from Chattanooga to Atlanta. Il was on exhibition some 12 months when I sold it to H. H. Harrison of Florida. Il was Mr. Harrison's pur-

Taxes ami rent accumulated--and with the picture seriously damaged. Mr. Harrison al>andoned it. and it was sold for expenses.--I was in Nashville exhibiting the Battle of "Mission Ridge" when I saw the no tice uf sale in the Atlanta papers--I decided at once that I would come and buy the painting. I took train for Atlanl.l. stopping oxer night in Rome--On my arrival in Atlanta as I stepped off the train a friend came forward extending his hand saving. "Old friend. I am mighty sorry to hear of your hard luck." I said. "Why. what do \o mean? I don't know of any hard luck Ihnt has rcccntlv overtaken inc." "Why," says he. "have you not read the morning papers?" I said. "No. I am jnsl in from Rome." "Well." he savs, "your cyclorama in Nashville was struck by cyclone last night and blown lo pieces." I asfccd him "How many were killed?" He said lhat the storm struck after the dorrs were closed for the night.--I felt so much relieved lhat I did not mind so much the financial loss, xvhich was S10.000 on picture and S-1.000 on building--I got S200 out of the wreckage.
Well, with this Mow. I was not in shape to buy the "Battle of Atlanta" although I stood and saw il sold to Mr. Cre*s for S1.000 dollars-He gave it to Atlanta--I mounted il for him at Ihe Park where it has )>ccn on exhibition ever sincc.-I have nol seen it for several years--\Vhcn 1 las! saw il. it was in had condition and greatly needed attention.--Il should be cleaned and re-oiled and touched up generally.--It

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is indeed a great object lesson in art and history and Atlanta will prove devoid (?) in its appreciation of Mr. Cress* benevolence when it fails to take proper circ of his great art treasure.--Because he bought it as did I at a ridiculously loiv price, the true value of the treasure is still in the canvas and should be preserved.
One little scrap of history goes with this painting--Not on the program--unfortunately, these cycloramns were all made \vith a view of exhibiting them in northern cities and the artists always gave a more glowing coloring to the Federal troops than to the Confederates. Well, this is all right to the sun of a federal soldier--but it don't always set so well with a son of a Confederate soldier. So when I mounted this picture in Chattanooga--and saw a group of Confederate prisoners Ixjing rushed through the federal lines, I at once said I'll change that scene if it costs me my job--so ] secured an artist and I told him to take those Confederate uniforms off those prisoners and put every mothers son of them in a coat of blue. It took him days to do the job--but when finished he had a bunch of Yankees running like the mischief--And there they arc until this good hour.
I had Paul I'hillipatocs (sic) "Battle of Gettysburg" at (he Atlanta Exposition--] did not OXMI this picture however--Will be glad to serve you at any time--
I have very hurriedly jotted down the above as it has run into my pen--Major Charles \V. Hubncr lectured for me in Atlanta--He is a dear princely soul--I esteem him most highly.
Very truly yours,
(Signed) PAl'L M. ATKINSOX.
Although Mr. Atkinson is in error on several points, the odds are against his being mistaken in the name of the company from which he bought the painting. In any event, a cyclorama of the Battle of Atlanta was brought here from Chattanooga and opened on February 22, 1892, tak ing the place of the Missionary Ridge painting which had been on exhibition in a specially constructed building on the nonh side of Edgewood Avenue near Piedmont.
In an effort to trace the sequence of events in the history of the painting after it reached Atlanta, Mr. W. S. Irvine has carefully examined files of the Atlanta Constitution from 1891 through 1898. These newspaper accounts establish the fact that its history in Atlanta followed almost the same pattern as that in Indianapolis. Sunday exhibitions were at first forbidden by the City Council, and, although enthusiastically attended at first by both citizens of \tlanta and visitors from outlying towns, the painting received such constantly diminishing patronage that the Constitution of October 21, 1892, reported a five-year lease by the owners, Mr. P. M. Atkinson, T. A. Frierson and C. L. Brown, to Mr. H. H. Harris (or Harrison as it is given in all other places) of Florida, the lease to date from October 1, 1892. The notice adds that nothing was known of Mr. Harris (on's) plans, whether he would "reopen" again in Atlanta or "trans port" the painting elsewhere. Mr. Atkinson's letter explains fully just what Mr. Harrison's plan was and why it failed. Another question raised by this news story is the length of time the exhibition of the cyclorama had been discontinued. Much research must yet be done to answer this and another question raised by the following quotation:
"The Edgcwood Avenue Cyclorama building was inspected \csterday with .1 view to transforming it into a temporary tabernacle for religious services and for the forthcoming religious conventions of the present year. It can be had for the purpose, it can be made to hold several thousand people comfortably."
"It xvas suggested that the building on Edgcwood, Avenue recently (italics mine) used for the purpwtf-of-a-oyoloemia might be fitted up with a gallery and platform at a very small e\pcnse and made to accommodate almost as many as the Grand ..."
This plan failed to materialise, however:
"Cyclorama Building--Committee on location for Christian Workers' Convention reported that 'It was not a feasible plan to get the cyclorama building as that was in such shape at present that no satisfac tion could be obtained from the owners."*
Where was the paiming while this discussion was going on? Was it lying in storage in Chicago pending the decision of the fair officials as to a brick building for exhibition, or was it lying in storage somewhere in Atlanta? This is another unsolved problem in our sequence of events. No matter what its whereabouts, August I. 1893, brought it under the auctioneer's hammer to satisfy a judgment for S937.35 due the East Atlanta Land Company, owner of the lot on which the building stood. The first bid was made for $5, raised instantly by Mr. George V. Gress to $100. Mr. Ernest Woodruff, representative of the East Atlanta Land Company doubled, Mr. E. P. McBurney overcalled with a three-hundred dollar bid which was immediate ly raised to $500 by Mr. Woodruff. Mr. Gress dropped out, leaving Mr. Woodruff and Mr. (Marshall M.) Welch, a real estate agent of the city who was apparently acting for Mr. Gress, bidding against each other until the painting was sold to Mr. Woodruff for SI,100. Mr. Gress was not through, however, for the Constitution of August 10, 1893, carried a story of the re sale of the painting to Mr. Gress and Charles Northcn. Mr. Gress, according to this news story,

1837 -- ATLANTA CENTENNIAL-- 1937
was said 10 be planning to move ihe cyclorama ro ihe park. This must be Grant Park as the same article mentions his gift of the zoo.
The following quotation brings up another problem:
"The Park Commission will meet today, and during the meeting ihc cydorama of the Battle of At lanta will Ix: tendered the commission by Mr. Cress and Mr. Northern, who purchased it from the land company a tew days ago. Both gcnilcmcn arc very anxious for the citj to accept the picture and place it in Grant Park ivhcrc it can be seen daily by' thousands of people. The* arc Milling to contribute to the moving of the picture and do anything else in ihcir power for it. There is now a movement on foot for the Park Commission to assume charge of ihc piiming and place i\ in the park under the management of Major Hubncr who was fora long lime connected with it while it was under the management of Mr. Atkinson on Edgcwood Avenue. No one knou's the picture better than Major Hnbncr, niul as the painting is unless without a delineator, the indications, arc lhai Major Hubner will be placed in charge of it."
If, as indicated by this statement, Mr. Gross offered the city the cyclorama in August, 1893, why did the city {ail to accept it then:- Why wait until 1S98? Some son of a cooperative ar rangement must have been finally worked out, for a week later, this appeared:
"Mr. (Arnold) Brojlcs. chairman of the committee on parks, presented a resolution relative to the removal of ihe cycloram'a to Grain Park. The paper rcad-
'Rcsolvcd-- that Messrs. Cress and Northern ! given permission to move the cyclorama. or picture of the Battle of Atlanta, to Grant Park, and that they be allowed to locate the building under the direction of the Park Commission: and that they lc allowed to charge an admission fee of not exceeding ten cents; that said cyclorama shall at all times be under the control ami direction of the Park Conimiwoii.' "
"The gifi," said Mr. Broylcs, "is one of the best the city has ever had. The picture is some thing that Atlanta should own, and I hope to see the day when the city will be able to buy it. I think, in the meantime, the city owes the two gentlemen a debt of thanks which it will not be easy to pay."
Mr. Charles ]. Hadcn fills in most of the history from this point:
"Mr. C. V. Grcss, who donated the picture, was of German ancestry, reared in western New York and Pennsylvania. Coming south when quite a young man, he became by marriage and tics of friendship. a true southerner. His educational advantages were very limited, hut he possessed a remarkably vigorous mind ami a rare business capacity. As his lax*'yer for the twenty, years follow-ing my aclmjsMon to the IMF. I was in very close touch with him. He kept his main office in Atlanta but as his sawmill interests in South Georgia kept him most of the time, the scope of my duties in his behalf covered many of his com mercial transactions outside of those requiring legal attention. It was in this way that he conferred with me as 10 what disposition to make of the two properties he acquired and later ga\c to Atlanta, that is, the r\clorama and the 200.
"Mr. Cress bought the picture from Mr. H. H. Harrison of Florida, who had it in use commcrciallx for exhibit purposes. The firsl impulse of Mr. Cress was to put the painting in the hands of a capable manager and have him keep it on exhibit, moving from city to city. He consulted with me about U. and (linall\) at my request, consented that I might donate it for him to the Methodist Orphans' Home in Decatiir. Ca. .'. . When I first mentioned U to the Trustees of the Home, they were greatly pleased at the offer, but asked a little time to think it over. Later they reported to me that they had learned that its chief earnings were en Sunday and for that reason deemed it unwise is have i! owned by a church-related orphanage. Then I suggested to Mr. Grcss that he auihori/c me to present it to the City of Atlanta, \ihich lie did, ami- it Iwcatac-pau oLihc_patk. system of Atlanta."
"I have been advised . . . that experts now regard the picture as worth over SI .060000: lr earned: during the approximate twenty years it was in the old wood building, about S1G7.000 which sum, plus $80.000 additional, was used in ihc construction of the present marble and granite building which houses it now. When the picture was installed in ihe present building about ten \cars ago, the ma>or appointed me chairman of the committee to take charge of the ccrcmonices at the opening. Governor Harduick and other notables were present and made speeches."
The Cyclorama stayed in Grant Park under Mr. Gress' ownership from the fall of 1893 un til early in 1898. The income received from the admission fees, amounting to SI2,000, had been most generously used by Mr. Cress for the relief of poor children in the city. Early in 1897, comments began to appear in the Constitution that it was Mr. Cress' intention to give the
,,,,,_,,,.--,, ,, --_- ~ - ---. --: gift to the city. Gress made a statement to the reporters that he was making arrangements to deed the city the Cyclorama. At several subsequent meetings, city council made provisions for the conditions attached to the gift; a new roof, general improvements in the building and repair of damages to the painting itself. In January, 1898, Mayor Charles A. Collier's report outlined Mr. Gress' offer and recommended that the gift be accepted by the city. This was done on March 12, 1898. The painting remained in the park in the old wooden building until 1921, when it was moved

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to the new fireproof marble building which houses it now. This was built from a design submilted by Mr. "j. T. Downing, an Atlanta architect, in a competition held by the park commis sioners in the late summer of 1920. In addition to housing the Cyclorama, the building has space for a war museum, for the famous locomotive, "Texas," attendants' quarters, and service rooms.
Until about a year ago, the picture had only two dimensions, height and width. By means of a project carried on with \V. P. A. funds, it has been made three-dimensional to increase the optical illusion. Mr. Victor Llorens, Mr. Wciss Snell and Mr. \Vilbur Kurtz have given the canvas a thorough cleaning, have retouched the faded and chipped spots and "extended" the painting past the edge of its canvas over the door by adding plaster figures, exploded shells, frag ments of rails and cross-ties, blasted stumps, simulated grass and a great deal of Georgia clay. The colors of the native Georgia earth had been most faithfully duplicated by the painters, so the task of matching up with the pictured clay required great numbers of men almost three weeks to complete. Seventy-five gallons of refined linseed oil were massaged into the painting itsell with huge soft sponges. As the battle occurred in summer, the artists engaged in the renova tion had to manufacture trees to scale, in full foliage. Every leaf of these had to be cast in a separate mould before it was made in plaster, then attached to a bit of copper wire which was fastened to the trunk. One little tree made in this way, measuring just four feet, has 6,000 such leaves on it. Mr. Llorens estimates that, with proper care, the Cyclorama ought to last sev eral hundred years.
In this centennial year of our history, it is well for us all to realize what a priceless asset we have here in this painting which constitutes so perfect and unique a memorial of the most tragic event in our history. Neglected, regarded with indifference by many, carried from city to city by a chain of constantly changing owners, sold at auction on two occasions, the Cyclorama of the Battle of Atlanta has now come into its own. When we remember that, at one of these auc tions, a bid as low as S5 was made on it, that experts today value it at more than a million dol lars, we realize that its history is typical of every great and worthwhile effort which crystallizes as a permanent part of the world's heritage.
Although many facts hitherto unknown have been uncovered in the search made by the Reference Department of the Carnegie Library and Mr. W. S. Irvine, more are yet to be added to our knowledge of this painting. The search will go on. Until that time when the sequence of events in the history of the Cyclorama is complete, we ask the forbearance of our readers in their judgments of an incomplete task.

ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1937

Walter McElrcath_...Honorary President for Life and Chairman 'of Executive Committee
Jack J. Spalding .___.._._._____------..President

Franklin M. Garret!----------------------......Vicc-Prcsidcnt Stephens Mitchcll ----_--.------.......____,, Editor
Ruth Blair ----..--..------------------Executive Secretary

CURATORS

Ivan Alien J. Bulow Camphcll
C. J. Shcehan Mrs. J. K. Oltley
Eugene M. Mitchell Dr. Frank K. Boland

TERMS EXPIRING JANTARV I. 1938 Dr. F. Phinizy Calhoun John S. Spalding
TERMS EXPIRING JANUARY 1. 1939 Marion Smith Walter G. Cooper
TERMS EXPIRING JANUARY I. 19-W Ruth Blair Franklin M. Garrctt

Robert Lee Avcry Edgar Watkins
Mrs. Eli A. Thomas Mrs. Aurelia Roach McMillan
Mrs. S. W. McCallic Dr. A. I. Branham

A. A. Mcyer Judge John D. Humphries
Jack J. Spalding H'aller McElrcath
Waller McElrcath. Chairman Eugene M. Mitchcll Stephens Milchcll Rulh Blair

TERMS EXPIRING JANUARY 1. 1911 John Ashlcy Jones Reul>cn Arnold
TERMS EXPIRING JANTARY 1. 1812
John M. Harrison Henry A. Alexander
EXECl'TIVE COMMITTEE John Ashlcy Jones Bcverly DuBosc Jack ). Spalding

Mrs. John M. Slaton Jessie Hopkins
Mcla Barker Waller Hcndrix
Franklin M. Garrctl Mrs. John M. Slaton Mrs. S. W. McCallic Mcta Barker

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FAMOUS ANDREWS RAID
In 1862 three Ailamans were heroes in one of ihe boldest escapades of the Civil \\"ar.
Had it not been for the determined efforts of Captain W. A. Fuller. Anthony Murphy and Jeff Cain in thwarting perpetrators of the famous Andrews raid all means of communication would have been broken between southern armies and their sources of supply. In this daring Yankee exploit occurred the famous race between the engines, the General and the Texas.
The story is told by Walter G. Cooper, author of the "Official History of Fulton County."
James J. Andrews, a Yankee spy, and 21 volunteers, made shrewd plans for stealing a train with which they could destroy bridges and tracks between here and Chattanooga, and at the same time speed north and escape any possible pursuers.
One day at Big Shanty, now Kennesaw, the three Atlanta trainmen left their train to get a meal in a small eating house. Though guards were on the platform, Andrews and a group of his picked men stole the engine, the General, and sped toward Chattanooga. The Ailamans rushed out in time to see the train speeding up the track.
Having no telegraph station at Big Shanty, and no engine, the Atlantans ran about a mile on foot until they came upon a hand-car. With this they proceeded as rapidly as possible to Etowah station. Here they borrowed an engine from Mark A. Cooper and were reinforced by a posse of armed men.
The pursuers soon began to catch up with the raiders, who were delayed ai Kingston by three southbound freight trains and the questioning o? a station attendant. The Yankees finally were permitted to leave when their leader stated he had a load of powder for the army and was under orders to proceed with all possible speed.
When the Atlantans and their aides reached the town, they too were blockaded by the freight trains. Seeing a train on a Y connection and headed toward Rome, they quickly sought the engi neer who eagerly offered his engine for the chase.
At Adairsville the Atlantans met the Texas, one of the fastest engines in the south. Fuller and Murphy, the latter being head of all engineers on the road, took charge.
"That engine, the Texas, was the best on the road and they made good use of it, backing the freight train into a side-track at Adairsville, cutting loose all cars but a flat car, running the engine and flat car back on the main line, and then reversing the engine, ran backward at full speed toward Calhoun with the flat car in front and Fuller standing on it to look out for ob struction on the track," Cooper says. "In that way they ran the nine miles to Calhoun in 10 minutes."
Andrews had been permitted to pass the freight train by telling with the same coolness the story he had told previously.
He hoped to burn 10 bridges which stood between him and Chattanooga. He sped to Cal houn and from there to Oostcnaula bridge. The raiders were preparing to tear up the track when the pursuers came in sight.
Andrews left two cars which he hoped would wreck the pursuers and then sped away leaving cross-ties along the tracks. The men on the Texas approached slowly, coupled with the cars and continued the chase.
When Andrews reached Tilton, he had to take on more wood. Just as he finished, the pur suers again came in sight and the raiders escaped for a second time by leaving a pile of wood on the track.
Hurrying to a point about one mile north of Dalton. Andrews and his men stopped for another time and were preparing to destroy the track when they heard the whistle of the Texas. Again they escaped, deciding this time to make a desperate effort to bum the bridge over Chickamauga creek.
They set fire to a car and Icfl it on the bridge, but a drenching rain had almost pin out ihe fire by the time the Atlantans arrived.
Fuller and his men pushed the car on to Ringgold, where it was sidetracked. Then they be gan the final race.
A short distance on the other side of the bridges. Andrews fuel gave out. He directed his men to Hee separately into the woods and to return Indian-fashion to the northern army. Separated, the raiders were weaker than had they stayed in a body and fought the pursuers with gunfire.
They all were caught within a week and court martialcd in Atlanta.

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ATLANTA THROUGH THE AGES
B> I'OOLE MAYNARD. I'h.D. (icologiral and Inditstrial Eitghterrittg
ATLANTA, CA.
\TLANTA, perched on a great divide in the plateau of the Piedmont, more than a thousand feet above sea level, is unique amongst America's big cities; unique in the personality of its citizenship, in its salubrious climate, in its natural drainage and unique as the gateway to the markets of the southeast where great arteries of traf fic follow the lines of least resistance along naturally eroded paths, converging from
along plains and across mountains and radiating to the four corners of the southeast. Naturally one will ask why such an unusual and desirable climate; why is Atlanta free of
excessive humidity, why does Atlanta occupy such a premier position with relation to the arter ies of traffic, why is Atlanta more than a thousand feet above sea level?
As strange as it may seem, topography, rainfall, altitude, climate and the nature of her agri cultural and industrial raw materials are based on the changes which have taken place in the past history of Atlanta and these changes are revealed and recorded in the rocks which underly Atlanta since the early beginnings of lime, millions and millions of years before the advent of man upon the earth.
The rocks which represent the foundation of Atlanta are amongst the oldest of which we have any knowledge. They have been so adjusted lhat no other earth movements are likely to take place for probably millions of years to come, so that Atlanta is free from the earth adjustments which cause earthquakes.
Since waters flow in every direction from Atlanta, a part of her drainage area goes into the Atlantic ocean, a part into the gulf at Southern Florida and a part into the great Mississippi drainage basin, and Atlanta is free from Hoods.
As far as is known of the past history of Atlanta, she is free from cyclones and tornadoes. Europe is free from cyclones because of the relation of topography to the warm moisture-laden atmosphere of the Mediterranean. Just how much the Appalachian Mountains affect or divert the channels of air which come from the Gulf in the southwest is not known, but observation reveals that they are dissipated as they reach the western wall of the Appalachian Mountains. The tornadoes that rise in the Caribbean lose their resistance long before they penetrate into the hinterland where Atlanta is located.
Atlanta was never submerged beneath the great oceans or under inland seas as has been most of the North American continent at different periods of the earth's history. Atlanta was sitting on top of the world when Denver, Colorado, was at the bottom of a great inland sea.
Atlanta was millions of years old before the thousands of feet of sediment began to accumu late and form what are now known as the Rocky Mountains.
Atlanta might have been the Mount Ararat of the North American continent when she was standing ten (housand feet or more above sea level and encompassed in a rarified atmosphere.
In the early beginnings of the life history of Atlanta vast chemical changes were taking place in the rocks upon which Atlanta now stands; they were cooling and cracking and there were earthquakes and great vents in the crust of the earth were being filled with red hot materials coming from still greater depths, and one of the wonders of the world--Stone Mountain--near Atlanta was conceived.
Atlanta was not then protected from the northwest winds by the Appalachian Mountains, for there were no Appalachian Mountains. Atlanta was devoid of vegetable and animal life and being subjected to the ravishing attacks of the elements, rapid decomposition of the rocks took place and these somewhat decomposed rocks and soils were washed along steep gradients in vast gorges, occupied at times by well defined rivers which swept millions of tons of these de composed rocks and soils to the great Appalachian Sea.
When Atlanta, during its early history, was enveloped in a dense atmosphere of carbonic acid gas, it was not a fit place for man to live, but it was paving the way for the blessings of nature, for in the oceans and the seas there were myriads of simple types of animal life and these animals of the sea were secreting lime and carbonic acid gas from the waters to form their

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shells and Atlanta was contributing the raw materials which later were to form the thousands of feet of limestones and sandstones and shales which underly such cities as Chauanooga and Knoxville and Birmingham.
After a while the animals of the oceans developed to higher and more complex forms and began to crawl out and to find that Atlanta was a good place in which to live. Their curiosity took them on trips of exploration over the land areas and they began to adapt themselves 10 a new environment and soon the land was filled with strange creatures.
The atmosphere on the earth had changed.. Luxurious plant growth in the swamps had consumed so much of the carbonic acid gas that it no longer predominated in the atmosphere. The plants and forests were using the gas to build up the great thickness of vegetation to form the vast coal deposits of the South.
At the same time, the animals of ihe sea were gathering hydrogen and carbon to form their organic bodies which were later to be the source of oil and gas.
What a wonderful history Atlanta has had. She has witnessed the growth of America irom its earliest beginnings. She has witnessed through all these millions of years America's great ac cumulation of mineral wealth. She has witnessed the birth of WARM SPRINGS, resulting from an earthquake which was echoed around the world with the folding and slipping of the rocks.
Atlanta witnessed the advent of the animals and the peoples which came from Asia, when the continents of Asia and North America were connected at the Bering Sea, now revealed by the fossil skeletons of these animals which were cntoombed in the rocks and by the mounds which preserve and make known the civili/ation of the ancient peoples who lived in our midst.
For hundreds of millions of years, Atlanta has been attacked by the elements of nature, rain and wind and air until she has, as a result of the resistance of her rocks, been left perched on the roots of the old Piedmont Mountain Chain and Atlanta, now sitting on the rocks which at one time were buried thousands of feet in the earth's crust, finds herself in the unique position of being still more than a thousand feet above sea level.
Atlanta is tempered by the warm winds from the Gulf Stream on the southwest; high enough to participate in the rare atmosphere which prevails at her elevation; usually protected from the extreme cold of the more northern latitude which dissipates as it blends with the more moderate temperatures of the Gulf and the South Atlantic.
Atlanta is free from the heavy atmosphere found at lower elevations and with no large body of water nearby is lacking in the essentials which provide atmospheric moisture, precipitated in warm weather in the form of humidity.
The health of a community is very largely dependent upon the kind of sunlight which it re ceives: upon the water supply which is available: upon the freedom of a depressing atmosphere and the elimination of the extremes of climate. It is a well recognized fact that ultra-violet light plays a large part in the vitality of a community and the availability of ultra-violet light de pends largely upon the hours of sunshine and the density of the atmosphere.
We in America are prone to go for our health to the lower latitudes in winter and the higher altitudes in summer. We knew that we found at these points the proper types of sunshine dur ing these seasons. Some day the Weather Bureau will no doubt publish charts showing where the greatest amount of health-giving ultra-violet light is available on an average throughout the year and when that is done it will be found that Atlanta probably enjoys more ultra-violet light the year round than any other of the big cities of North America.
Why should this be true? First, to the lack of density of the atmosphere with little accom panying humidity in the summer time, brought about as a result of Atlanta's elevation, while in the winter time Atlanta's latitude gives it a premier position with relation to the sun. What this means in the pleasure of living is reflected in the vitality or pep of the individual and is largely responsible for what is known as the "Atlanta Spirit."
It is well known that the water supply is a factor in the health and well being of a commun ity. Those who pass through the country and see the muddy streams might justly wonder whether such water is fit to drink and whether it can be used in industry.
Mud in water is readily eliminated by filtration and the mud or silt has some advantage in the purification of the water, providing for the absorption in the silt of any organic impurities. After filtration, the muddy waters of the Atlanta territory come forth pure, soft, sparkling, so pure in fact that it is often used where distilled water may be required.

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1837 - A T L A N T A CENTENNIAL- 1937

But why is Atlanta the hub of those channels of transportation which radiate in every direc tion? Has that anything to do with the nature of the underlying rocks? The answer to this question is yes, they are almost entirely responsible for these lanes of travel, both by land and by air.
The lanes of travel by land represent the lines of least resistance which have been carved in the underlying rocks by rainfall and stream erosion. Some of these rocks were more readily decomposed than others, some more soluble.
The most important sinous channel of traffic extending from Atlanta is that artery of trans portation which crosses the base of the Appalachian Mountains and on a down-hill pull: it then forks in' three directions when it reaches the Appalachian Valley area, one route paralleling the "Valley" area and on up through eastern Tennessee and Virginia and ihe northeast.

% 10 St LOUIS

^TOCHOOO

ATLANTA THE CROSS ROADS OF THE SOUTHEAST The above sketch illustrates why Atlanta became the metropolis of the Southeast. Located at a point more than a thousand feet above sea level on the Piedmont Plateau, Atlanta is the first point for a distance of more than six hundred miles Southwest of Washington, D. C., xvhcrc the trade of the middle west could follow the paths of least resistance and cross the high Appalachian Mountain barrier, sometimes rising to more than six thousand feet in elevation, and along easy grades, Atlanta is the hub of distribution to the tremendous trade area radiating in every direction.
Another route crosses the "Valley" and extends norlh to Chattanooga, where again three forks of transportation extend to the west, the north and the east.
A third route branches off at Cartcrsville and extends to Birmingham and the southwest.
These routes are characterized by low grades and represent the first low-grade route to cross the great physical barriers, the Appalachians (sometimes 6000 feet high), south of the Potomac, along a distance of six hundred and fifty miles.
A second great artery of travel follows the undulating Plateau of the Piedmont from Atlanta to Washington, the gateway to the markets of the northeast.
Once Atlanta is reached from the northwest and the northeast, the whole southeast and southwest can be reached in any direction from Atlanta, and along easy grades.
What has topography to do with the routes of transportation by air? Why will the safest air lines from New York and other eastern points to the Pacific Coast be routed via Atlanta?

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75

First, because the route from the east traversing that section east of the Appalachian Mountains is characterized by temperate weather and seldom has the blinding snowstorms which so often occur in the area west of this belt.
The winter storms which are encountered in the Great Lakes area and in the Rocky Moun tain section can be avoided in the coast-to-coast flight via Atlanta.
Topography, then which has been dependent upon the types of the underlying rocks, was the most important factor in the location of Atlanta.
The natural advantages of climato which in eludes rainfall and sunshine have contributed to the rapidity of Atlanta's growth for Atlanta's unique climate has made her a good place in which to live.
Atlanta is great because of the influence of t he underlying rocks to form the paths of trade. Atlanta will become greater when she interprets how these same rocks can be- utili/cd in industry.

READIN' AN' WRITIN' AN' R1THMETIC IN ATLANTA OF HALF CEXTURY AGO
(This is a story of students and teachers in Atlanta schools in thr 70s and early '$0S~ particularly of the fatuous Boys' High graduating class of 1883 ' a' members of which ran for president of the I'rtitcd States. It is
told by a member of the class.)
BY C J. SHEEHAN.
President. Pioneer School Boys, Curator. Atlanta Historical Socim.
A lot of water has run under the bridge since I entered old Crew Street school in September, 1873. Atlanta was then a small town of some 30.000 and boasted of four grammar schools. Ivy, Marietta, Walker and Crew, and what they lacked numerically they admitted in quality.
All of the children in town attended and they were thoroughly drilled in reading, writing and arithmetic. We knew nothing of later-day frills--such as kindergarten, music, football and other extras we have found necessary to keep abreast of the times.
In those days you were taught to walk the chalk line and if you did not it was just too bad: for you were corrected in a manner you would remember.
Grades were numbered from eight to first and, ordinarily, you were promoted yearly. But as the city was growing by leaps and bounds and you developed aptitude, you were pushed up in the middle of the term, or otherwise skipped a grade.
EARLY DAY TEACHERS
As I remember, my first teacher was Miss Fannie Johnson, then Miss Coward, Miss Hillyer, Miss Mollie Rutherford, Miss Lou Wood (afterward Mrs. John Isham). Miss Heath, Miss Mattie Andrews and Professor John Isham, principal. Under his tutelage you always got what was coming to you. He was the best arithmetic teacher I ever saw, and he had every scholar in his class so they could run the genealogy' of the Royal English family from Victoria to Egbert. King of Kent.
Just as long as the class showed that they had studied their lessons he would laugh, but when otherwise, he would get purple in the face and his thundering voice could be heard quite a dis tance. It could be said to the eternal credit of Mr. Isham that all who ever attended his classes were benefited by his master mind, especially in mathematics.
In September, 1880, we arrived at Boys' High school radiant with youth, and quickly frater nized with boys of other schools, and they were a fine lot of students. Of course, now and then one of our feet would slip, but Professor Bass would quickly straighten us out. He played no favorites at all, and if he knew you needed lambasting, you got it good and plenty.

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The class of '83 has always been outstanding; while none have developed into millionairesstill they are all good citizens, and J have never heard of any being in the breadline or figuring in criminal court, local or foreign.
25 EXPELLED
Shortly after arriving at the threshold of Boys' High, Mr. Bass got sick and was out of com mission about a month. The services of Miss Bertha Leiberman were conscripted, and we had a wonderful time for a day, but next morning Major Slaton arrived on the scene and expelled 25 of our number, and it had a good effect. The expelled very solemnly and thoughtfully retired in good order. Very promptly the next morning they reappeared and, assured that they had re ceived a curtain lecture or something from their fathers, were received again in good fellowship.
One day in the second grade everything got very still and our teacher went to his desk to sit down, but he did not get all of the way as a bent pin was in the chair and he must have felt it, for Will Black giggled and Mr. Bass was right on him with a hickory. Strange to say, half a dozen admitted they saw the boy who placed it, but none told who he was and to this day it has been a mystery. Just like the pound of red pepper which one of the boys accidentally kicked and it went all over the room.
REQUEST GRANTED
Another time in the first grade, \ViIl \Vilson got a sound trouncing about something and was sore about it. The next morning after roll calljim English got up, cleared his throat, tightened his coat collar, and dramatically said:
"Mr. Bass, you gave Wilson a whipping yesterday and it was my fault and I ask that you punish me."
For once in his life he was stumped, but after recovering he said, "Jim, it was very com mendable in you and I admire your spirit, but never let it be said that a boy asked me to thrash him and I refused. Come up here, Jim." Believe me, he got a good one.
Of course little incidents of like nature were happening nearly every day and practically every member of the class got his one time or another, it was part of the day's work.
GRADUATES OF 1883
Following is a list of graduates for 1883: W. H. Black, Frank Block, W. V. Brooks, J. W. Crusselle, J. W. English, Paul H. Evans, J. W. Fain, George W. Fickett, John L. Gatins, J. M. Hall, A. H. Holcomb, Maurice Hirsch, Eli Hulsey, Carl Hubncr, L. L. Knight, C. L. Leyden, A. Meyer, Angus Orr, R. W. Rosser, C. J. Sheehan, Louis Thibadeau, W. D. Upshaw and W. H. Wilson.
Of this remarkable number two have run for President of the United States, and, while not elected, millions of good Americans in every state in the Union voted for them. W. D. Upshaw ran on a prohibition platform and Austin Holcomb on socialistic-labor.
The public school system of this country is the bulwark of our civilization, the guarantor of progress and the capstone of American liberty.
An ignorant country is a poverty-stricken country and a poverty-stricken country is a criminal country. Statistics show it is cheaper to develop a good citizen than to create a convict. An enlightned country is the very fortification on which is founded free thought and free speech. Well may the city of Atlanta proudly proclaim to the world: "These are my children."
PUBLISHER'S NOTE
Dr. Willis A. Sutton, superintendent of Atlanta schools, recently made some recommenda tions to the Atlanta School Board. Among them were: Improvement of personnel; and instal lation of seven basic principles in the mind of both adults and students in Atlanta. The prin ciples are love of the soil, preservation of the home, appreciation of the necessity of keeping open the channels of truth, maintenance of a stable government, love of beauty, mental and physical health, the consciousness of God in the soul of man.

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:x x i AL-- 1037

THE ATLANTA CHILD'S HOME
"I don't care about myself, but you've got to let me keep my baby!"
That cry of three destitute mothers 30 years ago touched the heart of Mrs. F. M. Robinson, one of Atlanta's leading and most beloved women.
She set about immediately to give them the help necessary to keep their children. Out of this need grew the Atlanta Child's Home. Today, afier 30 years. Mrs. Robinson is still presi dent of the organization, still actively working for the ideal of keeping mothers and babies to gether.

THE HOME
The Child's Home serves little children. It also serves mothers. The home out on Hightower Road has a capacity of 100 dependents. It is always filled to capacity and could be filled twice over with needy ones if there were funds available.
The home cares for children from birth to school age. But simple care is only part of the service of this poignantly appealing institution. It offers also careful individual case-work for each individual problem.
Mrs. F. M. Robinson, president, and Miss Bessie Langhorne, secretary of the home, work out these family situations.
For instance, when little Mary's mother died, neighbors, who found the child crying with hunger and cold in the desolate house, notified the Child's Home and Mary was taken in. Mary's immediate problem was solved, but Mrs. Robinson and Miss Langhornc know that there is no substitute for a real home and a family fireside.
Miss Langhorne talked with neighbors and friends of the mother and picked up threads of information which led to relatives in a distant state. She contacted these and found them able and eager to care for little Mary. So all arrangements were made and little Mary is living now with her own flesh and blood who, through circumstances, didn't know she existed until Miss Langhorne began to meet Mary's needs.

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1837 - A T L A N T A C E X T E N N I A L - 1937

This little story is typical of the work that goes on throughout the year at the Atlanta Child's Home in the name of happy childhood.
In 1923, the late Mr. F. M. Robinson purchased the beautiful 40-acre Hightower estate on Hightower Road and presented it to the Atlanta Child's Home, desiring to commemorate in some lasting way Mrs. Robinson's unswerving devotion to the Child's Home, of which she has been the life president since its foundation in 1907.
It is, in a very definite sense, a home where the mother and child are kept together and ever)' attempt is made to re-organize the family and again place the child in its home. Meanwhile, both mother and baby receive the best care amidst these beautiful surroundings.

SECOND NTRSERY

D1M\C ROOM

BABY WARD

Children from one day to 5 years of age arc admitted. They are divided among four de partments. First, there are the babies. Helpless and adorable they wiggle their pink toes in perfect comfort; snug, warm and well nourished, for a model dairy provides them with all the milk their individual formulas require. Then come the "spoon babies"; these little toddlers find real joy in the toys in their particular play room and nap contentedly in their little white beds on the sleeping porch. There are separate cottages for boys and girls between the ages of 3 and a.
The refectories are particularly attractive, the small white tables neatly set with colorful china, each with a small chair to match. On the walls are beautiful pastel prints depicting scenes from the New Testament in which our Lord is watching over these--His little ones.

1837 - A T L A X T A C E X T E X \ I A L - 1937
THEY ARE NEVER TOO YOITXG TO LOVE FLAG AND COUNTRY AT THE CHILD'S HOME
The well-equipped hospital was donated by the Vacant Chair Circle. Each department has its own bathroom with miniature fixtures, and each child has indi vidual numbered toilet sets. Gay little Dutch dolls securely hold their tabbed tooth brushes. For rainy days there are many fascinating games in the play room. Outside in the play ground are swings, joggling boards, gymnatslic apparatus of all kinds which teach them to develop and coordinate their muscles. In hot weather they splash merrily in a beautiful swim ming pool, the gift of the Child Welfare Division of the Atlanta Woman's Club. Bright shining faces, clean frocks fresh from the laundry, the gurgles of the babies and the shouts of the older children radiate happiness and health. It cheers the heart to see these little ones brought from all kinds of suffering into this friendly shelter and guarded here tenderly while parents or relatives fight their way up again in the world lo make a home for them. The Atlanta Child's Home has provided completely, in its various departments, for the nor mal child from one day old to five years. Here they receive daily Christian training, attention of a dietitian, experienced nurse, kindergarten schooling, and supervised playground activities. A staff of well known physicians give faithful and unselfish service throughout the years. All applications for entrance to the home are made at the office of the executive secretary. Miss Bessie Langhorne. Histories are taken, cases investigated, records filed and follow-up work done, with medical aid called in where required. Often a case can be successfully settled without admittance to the home which leaves an always needed place for another deserving case.

SHADE AND SUNSHINE

SANTA COMES EVERY YEAR

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1837 --ATLANTA C E NTE x M A L -- 1937

A thoroughly competent and sympathetic woman, Miss Langhorne's charm must aid her greatly in her case work where visits are made, family ties recreated and strengthened and plans made wherever possible to return the child to the normal stream of life.
The work does not end in the home but the follow-up is most important. This greatly widens the scope of the work and gives a much greater opportunity to serve mothers and children in their homes.
An achievement to be placed high in the annals of service, worthy of praise and aid from all is the ideal of the Atlanta Child's Home.
"\Vc try to lighten the burden of heavy hearts By giving them a wise and loving sympathy, A hope of good things to come. A reason for that hope, And in place of discouragement, New Courage!"

OFFICERS OF ATLANTA CHILDS' HOME

Mr. Sam E. Pinky

TRUSTEES Mr. G. H. Brandon

Mr. \V. D. Thomson

Judge Halhcock

ADVISORY COMMITTEE Mr. Edgar Cragihcad

Mr. Ray Edmondson

Mrs. F. M. Robinson. President Mrs. T. O. 1'oolc. 1st Vicc-Prcsidcnl Mrs. Sam E. Finlcy. 2nd Vice-President Miss Mary Lin. Treasurer

EXECUTIVE BOARD
Mrs. D. R, Paigc. Treasurer Endowment Flint! Mrs. G. N. Gabriel. Recording Secretary Miss Nellie Dibble. Corresponding Secretary Miss Bessie Langhornc, Ex. Secretary and Social Worker

CHAIRMEN OF CIRCLES

1--Mrs. Cecil Stockard 2--Mrs. W. H. Roberts. Eastern Slar. and
Mrs. W. W. Kilpairick

6-- Log Cabin Ladies Aid. Mrs. Sanders. Rl. I.Smyrna.Ca. 7--Mrs. M. H. Young. Si. Lukes Church 8-Mrs. G. N. Gabriel

3--Pi Beta Phi's. Mrs. K. T. McKinstry

9-Charitcs Circle. Mrs. Harris Robinson

l-Mrs. B. S. McCash

10-Praycr Circle. Mrs. Fred Hannah

")--Dr. R. K. Glass. Chairman of Wardrolje Committee 1]--Vacant Chair Circle. Mrs. H. J. Wright

COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY MRS. ROBINSON TO HOLD SERVICES AT THE HOME

Miss Langhornc

Mrs. McKinstry

Mrs. D. R. Paigc

CHARITES CIRCLE OF ATLANTA CHILD'S HOME
Who will have Ihc exclusive sale of the Atlanta Childs' Home DcLuxc edition or the Atlanta Centennial Year Book, and who receive no remuneration for services in order that every penny may go to the endowment fund of the Home.

Mrs. Harris Robinson. Chairman
Mrs. Clyde King. Jr.. Co-Chairman Mrs. William Warren. Jr.. Cor. Sec. Mrs. R. H. Doblw. Jr.. Treasurer

Mrs. Rol>crt \Vhitakcr
Mrs. Cody Laird Mrs. Edward Murphcy Mrs. Rolxrrl Towle

Mrs. Charles King
Mrs. R. A. Edmondson. Jr. Mrs. L. A. Haivkins. Jr.. Secretary Mrs. Charles Cannon

The Vacant Chair Circle was organized in 1921 by Mrs. F. P. Gaffney.
Mr. and Mrs. Sam P. Finley directed the remodeling of the old Hightower home and built the beautiful baby ward which is still in excellent condition. They are both still connected with the Home in official positions. Mr. Finley gave the driveway throughout the grounds.
The Childs' Welfare Committee of the Atlanta Woman's Club, with Mrs. M. K. Young and Mrs. Griffith Dobbs, Chairmen, gave the swimming pool and rock garden. Mrs. Gottenstrater personally directed the planting of the rock garden.
The Home is deeply indebted to Dr. Charles M. Mashburn for contributing his loving ser vices over a period of years.
Mrs. J. P. Armstrong buili the two beautiful play rooms in the Atlanta Child's Home for the children in memory of her husband.

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81

MRS. FRANK MASON ROBINSON

Behind the mask of the business world, be neath the surface of the n>rn' day man, is the boy--iTTiputsii'e. ea ger, alert and in love with mankind. The lives of many people are gaivrnrd by this boyish spirit, outlet to
which becomes a hob by. In many people these hobbies involve all time and thought of the ones interested, and so the City Build er portrays the lifework of a woman who is gnJing her all for the building of Atlan ta, -- From the Ciiy Builder.

IT HAPPENED IX ATLANTA

She went through the wide sweet rooms. The dining room with its liny white chairs, the small bowl of flowers on each table; the nursery, with its row on row of tiny \vhite beds, each with a gay spread; the kindergarten room with its tables and chairs.
She peeped into the bathrooms, where towels hung row on row. each beneath 3 tooth-brush, proud in its gay holder.
And everywhere .she saw sunshine and shining cleanliness and sweet faced women and little children.
And the faces of those little children were not wistful and sad. They were rosy and dimpling --and happy.
Seventy-odd happy children. Seventy-odd chil dren, healthy, warm, fed, cared for.
She felt as though she had been privileged 10 sec one of the beautiful things--that woman.

And she was seeing the \tlania Child'* Home.
Mrs. Frank Mason Robinson founded that home. It was she wlio \cars ago started with the three-room collage and a few little ones who needed care.
Through ihe years she has watched it grow. Planned for it--worked for it.
Today with its gracious comfort, its heavenly peace, it is a refuge for little ones ... who perhaps but for this home would know disaster.
Seventy-odd little ones. Seventy-odd little faces rosy--instead of wan. Sc\cnty-odd little feet pranc ing--instead of dragging. Scvcntv-odd little bodies nourished and warm--instead of hunger and cold and pain.
Atlanta is proud.
--Courtesy Edna Lcc of The Atlanta Jovrnal.

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1 837 -- A T L A N T A C E X T E X X I A L - 1937

*''<SNL9' Yff'~>, v x*~'} ' SU * v"r ' ^*A<G
"And they hroiiRht young children to Him that He should touch them . . . and said . . . suffer the little children 10 come unto me and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of heaven."

1837 --ATLANTA C E x T E x x i A L-- 1937

83

ARE WE HAPPY:-

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1837 --ATLANTA C E N TE N N i A L--1937

ATLANTA WOMAN'S CLUB
The Atlanta Woman's Club, one of the oldest organizations in the city, was founded by Mrs. Rebecca Douglas Lowe in 1895 with clubrooms on the fifth floor of the old Grand Opera House, now known as Lowe's Grand.
The Club is non-sectarian and non-political. It is not run for financial gain. It is a civic, educational and eleemosynary organization, and takes pride in cooperating with all worthwhile undertakings of the city.
The dues were Jl.OO per member and the initiation fee 52.00. The dues are now S15.00 per year and the initiation fee $10.00.
During the presidency of Mrs. Boiling Jones and Mrs. Hamilton Douglas, the members bought the beautiful old colonial home at 17 West Baker Street, and the official opening was January 1, 1910. This was the Club's home for eleven years. The organization grew too big for the Baker Street house, and Mrs. Irving Thomas, now Mrs. Claude Crayton Smith, the seven-

ATLAXTA WOMAN'S CLUB
teenth president, and her officers and members sold the Baker Street property and the amount received partly paid for the present site of the Club, 1150 Peachtree Street. It was during Mrs. Thomas' regime that the auditorium, which bears the name of "Lucille King Thomas" was be gun. The auditorium and banquet hall were finished during the presidencies of Mrs. B. M. Boykin and Mrs. Alonzo Richardson. Under Mrs. Norman Sharp's administration the swimming pool, which bears ihe name of "Deryl Sharp," was built.
All the presidents, twenty-seven in number, have done outstanding work while in office. Dur ing the presidencies of Mrs. W. P. Dunn and Mrs. Max E. Land, assisted by Mrs. John F. MacDougald and Mrs. W. H. Smaw, the Junior Atlanta Woman's Club was organized July 20, 1934, with Miss Ellen Rhodes as its first president.
The present staff of officers is as follows: Mrs. Alva G. Maxwell, president; Mrs. Frederick C. Rice, first vice-president; Mrs. E. W. Gottenstrater, second vice-president: Mrs. Jack Savage, third vice-president; Mrs. Howard Pattillo, recording secretary; Mrs. John Hart, assistant recording sec retary; Mrs. E. L. Rowe, corresponding secretary; Mrs. Arthur H. Hazzard, treasurer: Miss Lillian Pierce, assistant treasurer: Mrs. J. C. Herreshoff, auditor.

1837-ATLANTA CENTENNIAL-1937

85

AL'DITORU'M AND SWIMMING TOOL

PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE ATLANTA \VOMAVS CLUB

Mrs. Rebecca Douglas Loxve.
Mr* Wo~*< VVhir.., VI-. \ l> rnl.-

1SCK.1SQ7
18<)7.1S98 1RQS.I8M
iSQQ.ionn _ iqon-iooi
idni.isns
lOtt-lOU
___ iifi.i<ms iona.i<x lOfll.iqil
. inii-ioi? iqi.ini4

Mrs. P. J. MrGovern ._____ .____.____1914-1916

Mrs. J. X. McEachcrn ....._..__. ........______.1916-1918

Mrs. Irving Thomas_.--.._. _.....___.........1918-1921

Mrs. B. M. Bo\_in_..__..._ .__. ____._.1921-I92S

Mrs. Alonzo Richardson.TM--. ........... ..............1923-1924

Mrs. Norman Sharp----------. .....___..__.1924-1928

Mrs. W. B. Price-Smith__ ... ....._.___._.. Ifl-6-1928

Mrs. Charles Goodman........... .... May. 1928-Jan.. 1929

Mrs. John R. Hornady - ._..... ...... Jan.. 1929-May. 1950

Mrs. Thormon M. Fincher..... ,....._..___._..19SO-1931

Mrs. William P. Dunn ........... _..._.._____.1931-I93J

Mrs. Max E. Land ._.__._ ._________1933-1935

Mrs. W. f. Mellon

_._19S6-19S7

OGLETHORPE UNIVERSITY
DR. THORNWEU. JACOBS
In all ihc history of American educational institutions there has never been written a more charming chapter, interwoven with real romance and moral beauty, than the story of the birth and death of Old Oglethorpe University.
And rarely has there been in America a finer illustration of the immortality of high ideals than is exhibited in her ressurrection from the gray ashes of fratricidal strife to her present posi tion of honor and power among her sisters. She is perhaps unique among the standard institu tions of learning in that she alone, having died for her ideals, has also been raised from the dead. For today, on Peachtrce Road, she is rapidly rising as one of the most beautiful universities in the whole world.
The story goes back a long way--to a man and his friend, the man an English gentleman of titled descent, the friend an artist and author, who, having published a very beautiful and ex pensive book on architecture and being unable to meet the costs, was thrown into a small-pox ward of a debtor's dungeon and died there. From his death there sprang a high resolve on the part of his friend to purify the whole wretched prison system of England which later by a path that every American knows, led to the founding of the largest commonwealth of the United States east of the Mississippi River by James Edward Oglethorpe, in the earlier part of the 18th century. In memory of this most remarkable figure, there was founded--about a century after he
Georgia, not only, but also xvas, and of a right pany of Southern institutions of learning which combine religious with scientific and literary instruction.

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1837-ATLANTA C E x T E x NI A L- 1937

OGLETHORPE UNIVERSITY

1837 -- ATLANTA CENTENNIAL--! 93 /

87

To tell her story properly it will be necessary for us to go back to the early years of the 19th century when a group of Georgia men composed of members of all faiths and churches, organised the Georgia Education Society whose avowed purpose was to give a Christian education to every white boy in the South. This was in 1823, years before Atlanta was founded, ai a tint? when, in all thai vast expanse of territory between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, south of Virginia, there was not a single college for men under distinctly religious auspices. Before they had fin ished their task, they had founded three great institutions in their own state, to be followed later by many similar ones through the whole South. One of these was Mercer, now located at Macon. Another was Emory, formerly of Oxford, now in Atlanta. But ihc first of the three to be estab lished, with the finest buildings, the largest student body, the ablest faculty, and heaviest endow ment, was Old Oglethorpe. located on Midway Hill near Milledgeville.
Being first in the field and having the choice of names, they named it for the founder of the state, James Edward Oglethorpe, the man who ranks with William Penn and Lord Baltimore as perhaps the greatest of the three individual founders of American commonwealths. He was the most distinguished Englishman before the Revolution to become a citizen of the American colo nies. He was the first governor of Georgia. Hewas the first great American general--as his wars with the Spanish in Florida proved. Before there xvas an abolitionist in \ew England he for bade slavery in his colony. Before there was a practical prohibitionist in America he forbade the sale of whisky in his colony, and before there was an Anglo-American entente he, having been offered the leadership of British arms to subdue the colonies, declined the honor, "saying that he could not fight against his fellow-countrymen.
Having the choice of situations. Oglethorpe University was located in the then capital of the state, Milledgeville. Having the field largely to itself with respect of faculty and students, a most unusual group of teachers was gathered on Old Midway Hill. There was Samuel K. Talmadge. uncle of the eloquent T. Dewiti Talmadgc. who served as President of the University a full quarter of a century, famous as one of the great administrators of the South. There was fames Woodrow, uncle of Woodrow Wilson, and one of the most brilliant educators Georgia has ever known, from whom Sidney Lanicr said that he received the greatest moral impulse of his youth. There was Joseph LeConte, who with Louis Agassi/ ranks as one of the greatest geolo gists that America has ever produced, and there was the immortal Sidney Lanier. founder of pure literature in the Southern states, who entered Oglethorpe in 1857 at the age of fifteen and who was graduated in 1860 with the highest honors, accepting the position of tutor for the com ing year, and then leaving with the Oglethorpe cadets when they went out to the wars. For when the war came, the boys all went into the army: the money went into Confederate bonds: the faculty was dispersed; the buildings used for barracks and hospital and finally burned so that after the war there was no more an Oglethorpe. She alone of all the standard institutions of the nation had died for her ideals.
It has been said by one of the old time that "he must needs go whom the devil drives." Much more so must his will be bent by that inner urge that men call duty. So it came to pass that without invitation save from within, and without authorisation save from above on Sep tember ISih, 1909, we came to Atlanta to refound Oglethorpe University. For there was prac tically no choice in the matter of location. Oglethorpe had been founded originally in the capi tal of Georgia and when later the capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta there had been an attempt to reopen the University on the site of the old Girls' High School, on Washing ton Street, where it had lasted for a couple of years until the disorders of reconstruction days rendered further efforts futile. Since that day the little city had grown into a great metropolis and had become the intellectual, artistic and commercial capital of the southeast. Thus did she who was founded by invisible, intangible and inaudible powers draw another spiritual adven turer to her borders.
Ogleihorpe University opened her doors in the fall of 1916. After fifty years of rest beneath the gray ashes of fratricidal strife she rose to breathe the airs of a new day. Her firM building, constructed of granite, trimmed with limestone, covered with slate, and as near fireproof as human skill can make it, was ready for occupancy in the fall of 1916. when her first class gath ered on her beautiful campus on Peachtree Road. A faculty equal to that of any cognate institu tion in the country was formed. The work of raising funds and new construction goes steadily on. And all of this has been done in the mist of disaster that has darkened the spirit of the whole nation.

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The present Oglethorpe University consists of six blue granite structures, all covered with variegated slat and constructed after the best fi reproof specifications. They are of collegiate Gothic architecture and arc trimmed with Indian limestone. They are located on a lovely cam pus of six hundred acres o( land, including an eighty-acre lake, comprising the former Silver Lake Estates. The University has its own railway station and post office and is at the terminus of the Oglethorpe University street car line on Pcachtrce Road, the campus being situated about ten miles from the center of the city of Atlanta.
Time at the University is divided and harmonized by the only college clock and chimes in the southeast. Its alumni list comprises approximately 2500 names and its student body over 500. It offers courses in the sciences, the liberal and fine arts, education, languages, literature and jour nalism, commerce, business administration, finance, secretarial preparation, history, sociology, politics and religion. The University owns and operates its own university press and possesses the only known contemporary oil painting of General James Edward Oglethorpe, the founder of GBeooarrdgiaof.an_Tdruostneeesofwt.hh.iec.hfeewstacb.ol.nist.ehm.ed.po.thraartycooiml mpoorntwraeiatsl.th.o.f.IStsir stJuodh.enntP.beorcdiyvajilnn, dcpluurcdefesisderenpt reosfenthtae tlives of practically all states in the union, and neighboring foreign countries, and its roll of honorary alumni is outstanding among the universities of the? world.

ATLANTA REPUTATION IS OF NEIGHBORLINESS
Far and wide over the nation the word has gone out that the people of Atlanta are good neighbors.
Behind that reputation is a moving story of sacrifice and devotion on the part of community leaders constantly striving to make Atlanta a better place in which to live by helping those unable to help themselves.
The history of welfare work in Atlanta is part of the story of growth and development of good community life. It is a history that began way back in the '80's, when several of the agen cies now grouped under the Community Chest were founded.
There are colorful stories behind many of the agencies. The Home of the Friendless, now the Hillside Cottages, was formed when three women, Mrs. E. P. McBurney, Mrs. J. P. Averill and Mrs. L. B. Nelson, decided in 1888 that Atlanta needed an organization to care for "the poor and the destitute." It served all classes and ages until the growth of welfare work caused it to special ize in the care of neglected and homeless children.
Sheltering Arms began about the same time in a mission that was housed in an old railroad box-car.
When the Florence Crittenton Home for unmarried mothers was first proposed, a mob formed to burn the house that offered shelter to "fallen women," but its friends persevered and the home was established. It was this organization that received the first charitable appropriation from Atlanta's city treasury.
A mother's cry for her baby started the Atlanta Child's Home by Mrs. F. M. Robinson.
The sight of an abandoned negro baby sobbing with hunger in the waiting room of the old Union station led a negro cook to establish the Carrie Steel Logan Home for destitute negro children.
These organizations, devoted to the care of helpless and needy persons, formed a nucleus of the agencies that were linked in 1923 when the Community Chest was formed.
Since that time the Community Chest has been the co-ordinating agency for welfare work. It has grown constantly since 1923 until it now has over 40,000 supporters.
Atlanta leaders have always served voluntarily in this work for those in need of care. Nearly 600 outstanding men and women compose the boards of directors and committee members of the Chest and its agencies.
The list of Chest presidents include Atlanta's outstanding citizens. Since its organization they have been Hugh M. Willett, W. Bayne Gibson, Sam E. Finley, H. M. Atkinson, E. A. Thornwell, Milton W. Bell, Frank H. Neely, Robert F. Maddox, Julian V. Boehm, and Guy Woolford.
The Chest \vas reorganized this year to bring greater co-ordination to the work of serving families and children in distress. With interest increasing in its work, it is now the largest single organization of the community, drawing support from all creeds and classes.

1837 -- ATLANTA C E x T E x x i A L -- 1937

89

DRUID HILLS GARDEN CLUB
The Druid Hills Garden Club, under the presidency of Mrs. Clyde King, Jr., erected this picturesque fountain of natural rock in the club's municipal rose garden the latter part of 1934. On the lowest tier are planted "creeping" cedars and holly; on the second tier, are palms and ferns: and on the highest are azaleas. Planted among these are vines, and in between the rock is ceduni. Jets of water play at the top, falling Jace-Iike spray, and small streams of water fall from all sides. Gorgeous water-lilies and Egyptain lotus are planted in the basin, and hundreds of gold-

DRUID HILLS GARDEN CLl'B FOUNTAIN
fish add inierest, especially, to numbers of children, who are frequently seen enjoying this rest ful spot. Framing this area are numerous boxwoods. The four entrances are marked by large mill stones. The comers are made cozy by stone benches, placed among masses of shrubbery. The ad joining rose garden is known for its loveliness. It consists of thousands of bush roses and climbers.
The memorial fountain was formerly presented to the City of Atlanta on January 9th. 1935, at which time Mrs. James A- Alexander, chairman of the fountain committee, delivered the pre sentation address, and Mayor James L. Key accepted the gifi for the City. George I. Simons. City Manager of Parks, expressed great appreciation.
Mrs. VA'illaford R. Leach, a valued member of the club, matched donations of the other donors for this S).500.00 structure. Eighty-six percent of the required amount was given by members of the club, and their husbands. The remainder was given by a few friends. Donors to the sum with which this fountain was erected are: Mr. and Mrs. James A. Alexander; Mr. and Mrs. Lee Ashcraft;

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I'ppcr: Pri/e-wiiniing D:ihlias grown by Mrs. \Villaford Rawson Leach which received ihc highest horticultural achievement award of the Garden Club of Georgia.
Lower: Float of the Garden Division of the Atlanta Woman's Club entered in the Atlanta Dogwood Festival, April, 1936.
Prescott; Mrs. Luther H. Randall; Mr. and Mrs. Virgil P. Warren; Mrs. Ernest W. Woodruff; Mr. Cator Woolford; Mrs. H. Lane Young.
The following donations were given in memory of loved ones: Mrs. William Candler, in memory of Thomas Sparks Teabeaut; Mrs. Henry C. Hcin/, in memor)' of Elizabeth Owens Vann; Mrs. Frank T. Mason, in memory of James N'immo Ellis, M.D.; Mrs. Wm. L. McDougall, in memory of Louis Wimberley Thomas; Mrs. T. O. Poole, in memory of Thomas Ovid Poole: Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Wartman, in memor/ of Mar)' AVariman Cox.

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91

MARIST FATHERS IN ATLANTA
In 1897, a parish was carved out of what was formerly part of the Immaculate Conception Parish, and was established by Rt. Rev. Thomas A. Becker, Bishop of Savannah, as the Sacred Heart Parish. It is bounded on the south and west by Edgewood avenue extended to the \Ve&icrn Atlantic railroad going west, and the Georgia railroad going east, all territory to the north belong ing to the Sacred Heart Parish, and all to the south belonging to the Immaculate Conception Parish, and the middle of Edgewood avenue is to be considered as the dividing line.
This parish, when created, was put in charge of the Fathers of the Society of Mary and Rev erend William Gibbons was the first priest in charge. He was assisted by Reverend John Guinan.

SACRED HEART CHURCH. RESIDENCE AND MARIST COLLEGE
On July 14, 1897, the Marist Fathers under the title of Marist Fathers of Jefferson College, purchased for 512,000 the Hill property, at the junction of Ivy and Pcachtrce streets. The deed was made by the Gate City National Bank and was recorded in the Clerk's office of Fulton Superior Court in Deed Book 127, Page 19.
On September G, 1897, the Marist Society of Georgia was incorporated by Fulton Superior Court. The docket number of the case is 3601, and the proceedings are recorded on the Minutes, Book 79, Page 440. This property was transferee! to this incorporation.
In 1908, the parish took over this property, the title being put in the name of the Bishop of the Diocese of Savannah, who under the law is a corporation sole, and he has held title ever since. A subscription was taken up in 1897-98 to build a church and there were 74 subscriptions collected, aggregating S4,108.51. The church was built at a cost of S28.000 which left an indebt edness of S'l7.I49.
The main altar was donated by R. D. Spalding, Louis Gholstin and Bishop Becker, and cost 51,750. The Blessed Virgin's altar was donated by Mrs. John Ryan, and cost S375. St. Joseph's

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altar was donated by Mrs. William Cox, and cost S375. Mrs. Home made a liberal donation for furnishing ihe altar, and a number of other, lesser donations were made.
The church was dedicated on May 1, 1897, by Bishop Thomas A. Becker, of Savannah. The first organ was installed in 1898, and the present splendid organ was installed during the last years of Father Horton's administration.
In September, 1898, Father Gibbons retired and Reverend John E. Gunn, S.M., became pastor. He remained until August, 1911, when he was succeeded by Reverend George S. Rapier, S.M.
Father Gunn was consecrated Bishop of the Diocese of Natchez at the Sacred Heart Church on August 8, 1911. The consecration was made by Archbishop James H. Blenk, S.M., of New Or leans, La., assisted by six or seven Bishops and a mitered abbot, this having been the most distin guished gathering that ever took place in the church.
During the administration of Father Gunn and before his consecration as Bishop, the Marist College was founded and its building erected and it has been serving the public here ever since. The establishing of this College was greatly encouraged by Rt. Rev. Benjamin J. Keiley, Bishop of Savannah who continued its friend and supporter for the many years of his Episcopate. He was a great friend of Sacred Heart Church, and would have been the consecrating Bishop but for his unfortunate loss of sight disabling him. The Marist Society also acquired land now constituting the campus and the land on which the rectory is situated, and the Parochial School on Courtland street and a large part of the ground on which the sisters' residence is situated on Baker street. All of this was acquired by the Marist Society during Father Gunn's administration of the Sacred Heart Parish.
Mrs. Burns, of Pittsburgh, through her friendship for Father Gunn, made many splendid do nations to the church, and to the erection of the college. The present beautiful stained glass win dows are largely due to her contributions--the beautiful electric lighting on each side of the altar, and many contributions to the comfort of the priest's house as it was then, and most substantial contributions to the building of the college. Father Gunn's administration of this parish was one of the most brilliant pieces of work that has been done in any Catholic parish in the south for many years, and he developed the parish up to a high degree of spirituality and efficiency.
Rev. George S. Rapier, S.M., was pastor in charge from 1911 to 1914. During his administra tion the present rectory was built, in 1913, at a cost of 545,000. The parish donated one-half to\vard the cost of this rectory in order to have a home for the priests who were serving the parish and the Marist Society of Georgia contributed the other one-half in order to have a home for their priests in charge of Marist College. This Society raised its one-half of the money by selling to the parish the ground on which the Parochial School is now situated, the deed having been taken to the Bishop of the Diocese of Savannah, and the rectory belongs to the Society, but will be used to accomodate the priests serving the parish as long as the Marist Society is in charge.
Reverend Peter McOscar, S.M., was in charge from 1914 to 1920. While he was a great sufferer during most of the time, and submitted to a number of surgical operations, he had very fine organ izing power, and brought the members of the parish together in a social way. He was a splendid businessman, and conducted a most successful administration. He extinguished the debt of the parish, and left it in fine condition. The Church was consecrated by the late Rt. Rev. Bishop Alien, of Mobile, Ala. The church has the distinction of being one of the few Consecrated Churches in the south.
Reverend James A. Horton, S.M., was in charge from 1920 to 1926. Under his administration the present splendid Parochial School was built in 1924. Father Horton and a committee of lay men, consisting of Jack J. Spalding, J. J. Haverty, J. Carroll Payne, John Morris, Sr., and John E. Murphy, had entire charge of raising the funds and building the school. It has all the grammar grades, high school, and commercial school department, and cost around S'20,000. Its present enrollment is 390 pupils. This Parochial School was founded in October, 1909, under the ad ministration of Father Gunn, and the sisters of the St. Joseph were placed in charge, and have remained since. The first year it had only four grades, and 90 pupils, who came from 55 fami lies.
The present school is without a superior in the State of Georgia. It is fireproof, modern anJ up-to-date in all respects.
During Father Horton's administration, the present home of the sisters on Baker street was constructed in 1925 and 1926. at a cost of 63,000, including the land. One of the lots was bought

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from the Marist Society of Georgia and this building, one of the most complete homes for sisters in the state, was just completed and the sisters installed before Father Horton retired. Father Honon and a committee composed of J. J. Haverty, Hughes Spalding, Robert Otis. John Morris, Jr. and R. A. Magill, handled the building of this sister's home.
Reverend Michael A. Cotter, S.M., became pastor in the fall of 1926. He had been assistant pastor here under Father McOscar. He is well known, and, like all the other pastors who have serv ed this church, very greatly beloved.
There have been six vocations to priesthood amongst the boys who were members of the Sacred Heart parish, up to the present time, to-wit: Rev. E. P. McGrath, S. M.: Rev. Joseph Sul livan, S.M.; Rev. H. T. Hayes, S.M.; Rev Marion Perry, S.M.; Rev. William Hanlon, S.M.: all laboring in this country, and Reverend Joseph Deihl, S.M., in the Foreign Missions, at Samoa.
Father Farmer, S.J., who is now in China, and who was a convert to the church, was a member of this parish up to the time he went to study for the priesthood.
When the war began, there were about 500 boys who had attended Marist College who were available for service. During Father Gunn's administration, and soon after the school started, he installed military training as part of the curriculum, and the Marist Cadets have been famous ever since. About 75 per cent of these boys available saw service in the great war. A large per cent of the others were disqualified because of physical conditions, or conditions at their homes preventing them from enlisting. Over 45 per cent of those accepted for service were commissioned as officers and over 70 per cent received grades higher than private.
Eight lost their lives in the service, to-wit: Second Lieutenant Lyons Joel, Second Lieutenant H. M. Atkinson; Second Lieutenant Robert Wallace; First Lieutenant Charles Alien; First Lieu tenant Henry Brown; First Lieutenant Vernon G. Stallings; Sergeant Melvin Tinsley. and Ser geant William Scoggins.
When the Sacred Heart Parish was created in 1897, the Bishop of the Diocese owned a large lot on the northeast of Marietta street and the southwest side of Alexander street, upon which there was an old dilapidated residence and a small wooden church. Services were held in this church while the new church was being erected at the junction of Ivy and Peachtree streets.
The number of Catholics living in the territory of the Sacred Heart Parish as just created, was then quite small, about 340 in all. and very scattered. A few men lived around the church on Marietta street, and a few out Peachtree street, and a few over on the Boulevard, and an oc casional straggling resident elsewhere.
All of these have been consolidated and large growth has taken place in the parish until now the Sacred Heart Parish has one of the finest congregations in the state, more than 2.500 members; all the pews in the church are rented, and there is quite a waiting list.
There is a Sunday school mass and list of classes instructed each Sunday morning in the base ment of the church. These Sunday school classes, while open to all of the Catholic faith, are more especially for those who do not enjoy the privilege of attending the Parochial School, where the religious instruction is a part of the curriculum. The number of children has grown to be so large that after mass in the basement, the recent practice is to adjourn over into the classrooms of Ma rist College, where the Catechism classes are conducted.
The campus of the Marist College which adjoins the church property, is splendidly developed and a great many athletic contests, as well as the drilling of the cadets at the college, take place on this campus. The Parochial School also has the benefit of looking out over the campus, which in sures splendid lighting and ventilation.
The lot on Marietta street was sold and the proceeds applied in paying for the new church on Ivy and Peachtree streets.
Many of the fine old Catholics who were members when this parish was created, and contri buted so generously in money and services, in its development, are now gone. Dr. R. D. Spalding, Mrs. Ridley, Mrs. Cox. Mrs. Hill, Louis Gholstin, Mrs. Cotting. L. DeGive. Mrs. John Ryan. Ma jor McCaslin. James Lynch, Father Colbert, Mr.Donovan, Mr. Riordan, Mrs. McDonald. Walter Porter, John Lynch, Peter Lynch, P. J. Morgan, Sara McGarry, J. Carroll Payne, and a number of others of the original subscribers are no longer with us, but their good example and good deeds remain, and their memory is a precious legacy'.

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Father Michael Cotter, S.M., served as pastor of the Sacred Heart Church from 1926 to 1932. During his administration the two frame houses and property to the west of the Parochial School were purchased for the sum of S12.000, for the purpose of expanding the campus of the Parochial school.
The Marist College enjoyed one of the most successful periods during this time under the di rection of Father P. H. Dagneau whose long experience in All Hallows of Salt Lake City, and Jefferson College of Louisiana, fitted him for the education of the boys of the parish.
In August, 1932, Father Dagneau was appointed president and superior of the Marist Fathers of Atlanta, to succeed Father Cotter, who was transferred to Algiers, La.
Father Edward McGrath, was placed in charge of the church with Father McOscar and Father M. Larkin as assistants.
In August of 1935, Rev. James T. Rcilly was appointed pastor and president of Marist Col lege. In the parish he has as assistants. Father McGrath and Father Emmerth, Father Dagneau serves as principal of Marist College.
The Young People's Club, called the Blessed Chancl Club, has made wonderful progress dur ing the year, and most of the younger men and women are now members.

&*XtS&<^._. SS?sS'
/
ATLANTA'S FIRST REAL-ESTATE SUBDIVISION 1845-1946

SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE BUILDERS OF
ATLANTA

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ALBERT SHELDON ADAMS

EALTOR--Sincerity was the keynote upon which was

founded a large part of the success of Albert Shel-

don Adams, whose work in promoting the pros

perity of Atlanta made him known and admired

throughout the State of Georgia. There was no

sham in his nature and he possessed the power to communi

cate his feelings to others by his radiating optimism and

indefatigable industry in whatever he set his mind and hand

to accomplish. His popularity brought about his selection for

representation of his fellows in posts of great importance, in

which he acquitted himself with such credit that his friends

and admirers grew because of his work. He believed in con

solidation of effort and coordination of all business bodies, in

order to promote the general prosperity, and to achieve this

result was ready at all times to work to the limit of his physical

and mental capabilities. He did his work so well that he came

to be known and admired all over the State, and, in later

years, throughout the civilized world, for he served as presi dent of Rotary International and will be known as the best-known and best-beloved member of

that great amalgamation of business associations who ever held the chair of chief executive. He

had a keen mind and a ready wit, was a delightful companion and a fine leader, quick in repartee

and gentle of tongue, never in any way being guilty of indiscretion or poor taste. Atlantans who

knew him intimately, especially those affiliated with the Rotary Club or the Masonic Order, do

not hesitate to pay him the tribute of saying that his place can never be filled, for in both organ

izations he was an indefatigable worker. His constructive work for Atlanta will be imperishable,

for he did more than help to erect buildings and develop property, for his work was the build-

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WALTER P. ANDREWS
OLONEL WALTER P. ANDREWS, past Grand Exalted Ruler of the Elks, whose various enterprises have been signally successful and whose versatile abili ties and engaging personality have gained for him wide recognition, can well be proud of his record of achievement. A man of thought and action, he set an example of endeavor and accomplishment to his contempora ries, and won an enviable place in the affection of his friends and fellow-citizens.
Colonel Andrews was born near Mt. Gilead, Montgomery County, N. C., June 7, 1865, the son of L. D. and Martha Pemberton Andrews. His father was a major in the Confeder ate Army and his record as a brave and distinguished soldier was unsurpassed in the annals of the Confederacy. Following the war Major Andrews returned to his home in North Caro lina, and for several years taught in the schools there, train ing those youths on whose shoulders fell the task of building a new South. On his maternal side Colonel Andrews was related to two of the most noted men our country has produced--Chief Justice John Marshall, who for 35 years directed and shaped the judicial department of our government, and President William Henry Harrison, whose entry into the White House was preceded by a most colorful
campaign.
Colonel Andrews received his early educational training in the North Carolina schools, and in 1884 entered Trinity College, which is now Duke University. He received his A.B. degree from that institution in 1887 and the following three years he taught in the Monroe High
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1837 - A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL- 1937
WILLIAM BATTLE BAKER
MAN'S success is not to be measured by the heights to which he climbed, bui rather by length of the road he traveled to reach them. So judged, the career of William Battle Baker, late president of the Atlantic Ice & Coal Company, was a notable record of achievement, for it covered the long road from a wage-earner, at the age of sixteen, to the executive head of the largest corporation of its kind in the south. He was born August 12, 1868, in Pike County, Georgia, a son of Dr. WilJiam Battle and Annie M. (Jackson) Baker. Both parents were natives of Georgia and always resided within its borders. The father served throughout the War Between the States as a captain in the Fifty-third Regiment of Georgia Volunteers and was wounded on ihree occasions. During the last and most notable engagement in which he participated, all of his regiment except one hundred and twenty-five men were anni hilated and he was picked up for dead on the battlefield. He was one of the pioneer physicians of Pike County but never regained his health, dying from the effects of his injuries in 1868, one month before the birih of his son, William B. As a boy, William B. Baker had very limited educational advantages, but with a natural crav ing for useful knowledge, he remedied this deficiency by diligent night study and the pcmsal of such good books as he was able to procure. He came of sturdy pioneer stock, inheriting the substantial qualities of his ancestors, who fought in the early wars of this nation and aided in welding the colonies into a strong, compact and united whole. Mr. Baker attended school until he was about sixteen years of age and then obtained a position with a firm connected with the
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MAXWELL RUFUS BERRY
R. BtRRv was born in Lincoln County, North Caro lina on February 6, 1823. He came to McDonough, Ga.. when about 14 and clerked in a store. Later he went to the gold mines in Alabama, and thence to Talladega, where he again clerked in a More. Mr. William Markham. his brother-in-law, was ihcn largely engaged in selling clocks, having sold them all over the country. Mr. Ben-)- entered inio partnership wiih him and sold clocks in Georgia. Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee, with splendid success. Having accumulated some capital he retired from ihe clock trade, marrying Miss Hattie E. Key of McDonough. Ga. He farmed on land known as Ormewood, a suburb of At lanta, which he owned. He moved to Ailania in 1853, and became a member of the firm of Haydcn. Healy fc Berry, con tractors, which afterwards became Healy and Bern'. This firm continued in existence until 1883. During that time, it built the Kimball House both times, the Church of the Immaculate Conception and most of the other important buildings in Atlanta following the war. In 1883 Mr. Berry quit contracting and devoted his energy entirely to real estate and other in vestments. Mr. Berry moved into his home at 47 Walton Street in 1859 and died there Autjust 13, 1909. He was a member of the First Methodist Church, and an Odd Fellow. He lived an unobtrusive life, and while he took an active interest in public affairs, particularly as, they affected Atlanta, he never held nor sought public office. Mrs. W. O. Wright (Fannie Berry) is the only living child of Mr. Bern'. Other children, all
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EUGENE BLACK
R. EUGENE R. BLACK was born in Atlanta in 1874, ten years after Sherman left the city in ashes. As a militant, farsighted and wholly unselfish leader, not only in the industrial but also civic and cul tural fields, the Atlantan played a major role in the development of his native city to new heights.
He was the son of Eugene Pinchard and Zac Harman Black. He attended Boys' High School here, graduating in 1889, and went to the University of Georgia to study law. He graduated at the age of 20, and was admitted to the bar despite his refusal to study criminal law.
For a number of years he was a specialist in corporation law. Among his clients being the Southern Railway.
In 1923 he accepted the presidency of the Atlanta Trust Company. In 1928 he was chosen governor of the Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank, succeeding M. B. Wellborn, resigned.
It was as governor of the Reserve Bank here that Mr. Black attracted international attention with his courageous financial leadership. As the reserve governor, responsible for the dollar in Havana, he saved national banks there time and again by rushing them millions in cash by train and plane to stop runs.
For many years Mr. Black has been a deacon of the First Baptist Church here, and his panic-" ipation in church affairs was marked by the same enthusiasm and the same unselfish leadership which characterized all his other activities.
In civic affairs he was consulted at every turn. In 1925 he was named Atlanta's leading citizen.
He gave generously of his time and money in support of the Community Chest and other
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MORRIS BRANDON
ORRIS BRANDON, for nearly fifty years a member ot the Atlanta bar, occupies a position of distinction in legal circles of the city and is also widely and favorably known because of his public service, which has been important and valuable. He was born April 13, 1862, near Dover, Tennessee, a son of Colonel Nathan Brandon, who was also a successful lawyer and man of affairs. He proved his loyalty and devotion to the Con federacy by gallant conduct in the Civil War and also served with honor in both houses of the Tennessee legislature and in the Constitutional Convention of Tennessee, held in the year 1870. The mother, Minerva Elizabeth (Morris) Brandon, was a member of a fine old family that originally settled in North Carolina, afterward moving to Tennessee.
Mr. Brandon obtained his early education in his native county and attended preparatory schools at Elkton, Kentucky, and Clarksville, Tennessee. In the fall of 1880 he entered Vanderbilt University, where he took a special course, and next became a student at the Yale Law School, from which he was graduated with the class of 1884. After his admission to the bar he located at Dover, Tennessee, and in January, 1886, moved to Atlanta. Soon afterward he became associated with Judge Henry B. Tompkins, at that time one of the city's leading lawyers, and the firm of Tompkins & Brandon was continued until 1893, when the style was changed to Brandon & Arkwright, the junior member being Preston Arkwright. This relationship was maintained until 1902, when Mr. Arkwright accepted the presidency of the Georgia Railway & Electric Company, and L. Z. Rosser was then admitted to a partnership. The business was operated under the name of Rosser & Brandon until 1915,
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99

J. EPPS BROWN
DEARLY beloved, honored and useful citizen of At lanta for twenty-five years, J. Epps Brown was born September 9, 1867, in N'ewberry, S. C., son of Thomas Chapman and Martha Epps Brown.
Coming to Atlanta in 1900, Mr. Brown, by his industry, loyalty, and great capacity for friendship, gradually worked himself up to the rank of Atlanta's outstanding citi zens. At the time of his death he was chairman of the board of directors oJ the Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company. He was the former president of the Southern Bell and Cumberland Telegraph Company. Mr. Brown was be loved by all his employees. He was a conscientious man and a hard worker and had the confidence of everybody connected with him. He was the friend of everyone in the organization. Always public-spirited and always seeking to serve his city, he loved people and was dearly beloved by every one.
Mr. Brown was promniently identified with all the more important clubs and organizations of Atlanta.
He was married to Estelle Stokes, of Lumpkin. Georgia, in 1897. They had two sons: J. Epps Jr., who is now connected with Courts & Company of Atlanta, and the lai'e John Stokes, who was a student at Culver Military Institute at the time of his death. July 25. 1929.
Mr. Brown passed away March 27, 1925, and his death was mourned by ihe entire city.

JUDGE ANDREW E. CALHOUN
CALHOUX was born in Xewnan, Ga.. May 9, 1851, a son of Dr. Andrew B. Calhoun and MrsSusie Wellborn Calhoun. He died June 28. 1925. mourned by the bar of the entire state and by thousands of friends who knew and loved him. He received his early education in the public schools of Xewnan, and entered the University of Georgia in 1868. being graduated with the famous class of 1S72. Following graduation, Judge Calhoun spent several years on one of his father's farms in Wilkes county, where he formed a strong attachment for farming, and until his death the subject of agriculture was a hobby with him. He came to Atlanta in 1882 to complete his study of the law and to enter practice. In 1890 he was elected judge of the recorder's court, which position he held with distinction for 10 years. At the death of Judge John Berry, in 1900, Judge Calhoun was appointed to preside over the criminal court of Atlanta, where he served with distinction until two months before his death. "Judge Andy" and his pipe were proverbial in and out of the court house. He was one of the early members of the National Order of Pipe Smokers founded in Atlanta. In June, 1896, Judge Calhoun was married to Miss Carpbel Heidt, daughter of Dr. John \V. Heidt, one of the most prominent ministers in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. His wife and sons survive him. The death of few men in Atlanta affected the community as did the passing of "Judge Andy" Calhoun. So equalized were the qualities within him and so encompassed was his life with a desire for justice that his memory will linger long in the hearts of those who knew and loved him,
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ASA GRIGGS CANDLER
SA GRICCS CANDLER was born in Villa Rica, Decem ber 30, 1851. His father was Samuel Charles Candlcr. His mother was Martha Beall Candler. He owes much to his home influence for the shaping of his young life and the later conditions that deter mined the character of his manhood and his business career, as well as his moral and religious living.
Samuel Charles Candler was the father of several sons, all of whom have steadily maintained the confidence and respect of their fellows, and attained distinction in their several pursuits and professions. He was a merchant and a fanner, having superior business ability, based upon his honesty of purpose and promptness of action. He had most positive convictions on all moral questions. All these things he steadily and success fully instilled into his sons. He taught them not only business methods, but honesty of dealing, and diligent and faithful labor. He allowed them no money for personal use except what they themselves earned. He taught them to know that work on the farm and manual service in any honorable pursuit would not only command the respect of all worthy people, but would give vigor of mind and body that would serve in the usefulness of citizenship and the success of later life. In all these things his wife joined him most heartily. The result as reached in the family history, as life has developed, greatly emphasizes the force of moral and religious influences, as well as business training in home life. The rule of this family govern
ment was to keep the boys always at something useful. Mr. Samuel Charles Candler did not live exclusively for his personal business and his home.
He was a man of broad spirit and, while in no sense a politician, he felt great interest and took
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WILLIAM CANDLER
|R. CANDLER was born January 24, 1890, the young est son of the late Asa G. Candler, multi-million aire Coca-Cola manufacturer. He attended the Atlanta public schools and Emory University. In addition to his numerous business and civic
activities, Mr. Candler was a Mason, a Shriner and a member of the Druid Hills Golf Club.
Although inheriting a large fortune, William Candler chose to occupy himself with business and civic affairs, and when only 38 years old, was recognized by the United States Chamber of Commerce, which elected him chairman of the board controlling the publication, Nation's Business.
Back in 1926 ambitious Atlantans had formed a Forward Atlanta Commission and named Mr. Candler chairman of the finance committee. He responded with a large donation of his own funds and when the year ended his committee had re corded 5250,000 for community advertising. He then stepped out in 1927 and raised an additional million dollars for the same purpose. Atlanta responded by presenting him Georgi; 's nomination for director of the United States Chamber of Commerce. At that time his services were many, as follows: Presi dent of the Georgia Motor Club: director of the Atlanta Community Chest, the Chamber of Commerce and the Convention Bureau; a member of the executive committee of the Southeast ern Fair Association and the Stone Mountain Monumental Association; chairman of the Atlanta Bond Commission; chairman of the Forward Atlanta finance committee and member of the board of stewards of the St. Mark's Methodist Church. In the summer of 1932 Mr. Candler was
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101

CHARLES ASHMORE CONKLIN

HE career of achievement of Charles A. Conklin is pre-eminent in that he came to Atlanta with forward vision and progressive ideas and estab lished a new business in the South and forged the way for a new type of industry. He came to
this city when the population was less than 50,000, and founded the Chas. A. Conklin Manufacturing Company, wholesale dealers in tinners supplies and manufacturers of tinware. He was the first and for a long time the only manufacturer south of the Mason and Dixon line to import tin plate directly from Liverpool, England, and Swansea, South Wales.

Mr. Conklin was born July 9, 1848, at Patchoque, Long Island. N. Y., the son of Jesse Wicks and Emeline Edwards Conklin. He was a direct descendant of John Conklin who landed at Salem. Mass., in 1636. and settled at Southold, Long Island. X. Y.. where the Conklin family have for generations been prominent. His father, Jesse Wicks Conklin, was an edu cator of note and in collaboration with Thomas Conklin wrote many text-books used in public and private schools. Many of these are being used at the present time.

As a youth Mr. Conklin lived at Riverhead and Roslyn, L. I., where he attended the schools.

The greater part of his educational training, however, was received under the guidance of his

father and in private schools. From 1873 to 1877 he was cashier of the Wheeler St Wilson Sewing

Machine Company. He then became interested in the tinplate and metal business in Baltimore,

and finally became a partner in the firm of Lyon-Conklin & Company, importers of tinplate and

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JOHN J. EAGAN
R. EACAN was born in Griffin on April 22, 1S70, moving to Atlanta when a small boy. He was edu cated in Atlanta public schools, but his delicate health prohibited his attendance at college.
When a young man he was left a fortune by an uncle, Wm. A. Russell, and soon became interested in philantropic work. Practically his entire life was devoted to church and religious work.
Although Mr. Eagan aided, both by financial contribu tions and personal efforts, in many worthy enterprises, he kept as much as possible in the background. His was a retiring nature, but he was conscientious to a degree, and could al ways be counted upon to assist in all civic endeavors.
When his country called during the World War. Mr. Eagan was one of the first to respond, and he devoted three entire years to the service, his work taking him to all parts of the United States, and including practically even-thing having to do with the comfort of service men, their relatives and friends, and the communities in which camps were located.
Among his greatest works was that of the Cast Iron Pipe Company, of Birmingham. The plan instituted and carried out by him there was at the time of its inauguration considered unique in industrial history.
Mr. Eagan, looking always to the interests and betterment of others, conceived the idea of giving every employee a voice in the management and policies of the company. He was one of
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1837 --ATLANTA CE NTE x N i A L-- 1937

FRANK S. ELLIS
RANK STANFORD ELLIS was born in Columbus, Ga., a son of Davenport Phelps FJlis and Martha Osborne Ellis. He was related to a number of old and distinguished New England families, includ ing the \Vheelack family, one of whose members founded Dartmouth College.
After receiving his earlier education in Columbus, Mr. Ellis attended Auburn. He then returned to Columbus lo enter [he mercantile business, going to New York after several years to become connected with the Jaffray Company.
Mr. Ellis was for many years southern representative for the Jaffray Company, then the largest importing house in New York, and it was at the suggestion of Mr. Jaffray, a personal friend of the late Captain John Keely, that he come to Atlanta to reorganize the Kecly Company, following Captain Keely's death. Associated with him in this enterprise were R. E. O'Donnelly and John Morris, Sr.
The partnership between these three was established in 1888 and is said to have been the oldest partnership in the city.
For many years Mr. Ellis was one of Atlanta's outstanding social leaders and his handsome residence on Peachtrce Circle has been the scene of many lavish entertainments.
He was considered one of the handsomest men in the state, and he was one of the most widely known and liked clubmen in the city. He was a charter member of the Capital City Club and was also a member of the Piedmont Driving Club. He was an Episcopalian and a Mason.
Mr. Ellis died May 27th, 1928. and is survived by his wife, the former Miss Jane Murchison, a daughter of the late Colonel Kenneth Murchison, and two daughters, Mrs. Henry A. Newman and Mrs. G. William McKcnzie.

CAPTAIN JAMES WARREN ENGLISH
APTAIN James W. English, a beloved citizen and builder of Atlanta for over half a century was a financial genius and a leader in all lines of human itarian endeavor.
The splendid principles of honor, integrity, and usefulness permeated all his life's action and produced in him a broad philosophy, a greatness of character and a success in achievement which placed him in the forefront of the superior men of. his day.
He was left an orphan at the early age of thirteen years, and entirely through his o%vn efforts he buildcd his outstand ing career of accomplishment. Coming to Georgia from Orleans Parish, La., where he was bom October 28, 1837, the son of Andrew and Mary Warren English, he located at Griffin and established himself as a youth of sterling character and high ideals. When the call was made for volunteers for the Confederate Army he immediately enlisted with the Spalding Grays, was actively engaged throughout the entire period of the war, serving as captain of the company. When in command of the skirmish lines he was chosen as special courier to receive from General Grant and deliver a formal demand upon General Lee to surrender at Appamattox Court House.
Captain English came to Atlanta immediately after the close of the war, possessed with a strength of conviction regarding justice and progress, and a strong determination 10 succeed. He became one of the leading spirits in the reconstruction of the government of the city and
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103

CAPTAIN EDWARD S. GAY
APTAIN GAY was born in Richmond, Va., in 18-36, and although he was too young to enter the war at its outbreak, he was made captain of the Bo\ Cadets, a company that was organized later in the war and which became known as Company G of the 3rd Virginia Regiment C. S. A. At this time he was 15 years old and his company saw distinguished sen-ice during the war and counted in its ranks a number of boys who have since become noted men of affairs.
At the close of the Civil \Var Captain Gay went to Dallas. Texas, where he was appointed a local agent and adjuster for a fire insurance company. During his residence in that city he married Miss Sallie Ewell, of Dallas. Later, in 1872, he was made state agent for Texas of the Insurance Company of North America. When in 1875 he was appointed manager of the southern department of this company, he moved to At lanta and has made this his home, ever since.
In 1890, in addition to his important position with the Insurance Company of North America, he was selected as southern manager for the Philadelphia Underwriters and for the Alliance Insurance Company of Philadelphia. He held these positions until his retirement from active affairs in 1914.
Captain Gay came of a very old and distinguished Virginia family and he was said 10 be ihe oldest living descendant of Pocahontas, the Indian princess.
He never entered politics, but he was intensely interested in his chosen vocation. He was a great supporter of the church and of the Y. M. C. A., of which he was one time president. He
__________(Continued on ['.ige 134)
LOUIS GHOLSTI.X
R. GHOLSTJX was born December 25. 18^0. near Warsaw- in Poland. His father was Ludwig Gholstin, a Polish patriot serving as an officer in the French army. His moiher was Gella Gholsiin. Both his parents were natives of Warsaw.
In his childhood he attended Elizabeth Gymnasium at Brcslau, Silesia, Prussia. Later he was a student in the mili tary school at Strasburg, but before graduation he was com pelled to leave his studies to enter military sen-ice.
In 1856 he came 10 New York, and went almost imme diately to New Orleans where he was living at the outbreak of the Civil War. He enlisted in the First Louisiana Infantry, known as the Louisiana Tigers. But he was transferred later to another regiment after all but 13 members of the First Louisiana had been killed. Throughout a large part of the war he served in the same company with the late S. M. Inman.
When peace was declared he settled in Atlanta where he lived until the time of his death, aiding every enterprise that contributed to the city's upbuild ing.
He began with nothing and made himself fcremost in business and in public sen ice by force of character. He was known for his integrity, his loyalty, his steadfastness. In even- sense he was one of the founders of Atlanta, one of the men who have made the city great.
Together with J. K. Orr, Sam Jones and W. E. Newell he organized the Atlanta Freight Bureau 35 years ago, and had been a member since then of the governing board of the bureau.
(Continued on Page 131)

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1837-ATLANTA C E \ TE N N i A L-1937

JULIUS DEGIVE

ULIUS L. DEGIVE, capitalist, prominently identified
with Atlanta's business and club life, and member of a widely known Georgia family, was bom in
Atlanta, Georgia, August 7th, 1872, and died May 10th, 1930. Son of Laurent dcGive (who was Bel gian Consul until his death under the regime of his personal friend, King Leopold of Belgium) and builder and owner of the old dcGive Opera House on Marietta Street and the deGive Opera House on Peachtrec Street.

When he came to this city Atlanta was poorly supplied with places of entertainment and few attractions of merit made this
city a point of stop.

Recognizing the need, Mr. dcGive bought a site on Marietta Street, and there he built and operated a theatre. It was known for years as dcGivc's Opera House. Later it was known as the Columbia, and last of all the Bijou. Finally it gave way to
office buildings.

Julius deGive graduated from Georgia Tech in the first graduating class in Mechanical Engineering, receiving the first diploma which is herein repro duced. His business interests at the time of his death were in the dcGive Investment Company with his brother Henry, Belgian Consul, who succeeded his father to that honor.

Mr. dcGive was prominently identified with the social life of the city, being a member of the-

Capital City, Atlanta Athletic, and Piedmont Driving Clubs. Mr. dcGive is survived by his wife,

three children. Miss Mar)- L. dcGive, Julius deGive, Jr., and Robert deGive: a sister, Mrs. E. M.

Horine. and his brother, Henry.

Note--from editorial in Georgian on Julius deGive's death: "The name of deGive has meant

________

____

(Continued on Page 135)_____________________________

JAMES JEFFERSON GOODRUM, JR.
AMES JKFFKRSON GOODRUM. JR. was born at Newnan, Ga., August 29, 1879, son of James Jefferson and Mary Ellen (Simril) Goodman; grandson of Thomas and Caroline Rowland (Powell) Goodrum; great-grandson of James and Mary (Hart-
Icy) Goodrum; and member of a family established in South Carolina in the I8th century. His father, who was engaged in the shoe and leather business, was a captain in the quarter master department of the Confederate army during the civil war. Mr. Goodrum attended the Georgia Military Academy and the University of Georgia, where he was a member of the class of 1899, but interrupted his education to establish at Atlanta. Ga., in 1906, the J. J. Goodrum Tobacco Co. The company operated a chain of retail stores, including a large central store at the "Five Points," until 1911, when the busi ness was sold to the American Tobacco Co. and he entered the stock and bond business with the Robinson-HumphreyWardlaw Co., of Atlanta. In 1917 he transferred his affilia tion to the Trust Company of Georgia as an executive, and at the time of his death was man ager of the bond department, vice-president and a director. He was also a director in the Atlanta Lowry National Bank and the Continental Gin Co. He was a member of the American Mu seum of Natural History, the Atlanta An Association, the Masonic and Delta Tau Delta frater nities and the Piedmont Driving. Capital City, and Druid Hills Golf clubs, Atlanta. His religi ous affiliation was with the Morth Avenue Presbyterian Church. Mr. Goodrum's was a record of
(Continued on Page 135)

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105

JAMES R. GRAY

R. GRAY was bom at Adairsville. Georgia on Septem ber 30, 1859. His father was the late Colonel John \V. Gray. His mother was Miss Sarah J. Venable.

The boyhood home of Mr. Gray was on the line of march of the contending armies of the Civil War and perhaps the privation and suffering forced
upon the people of Georgia at that time was instrumental in
shaping his character and his sympathies in later life, whileafter the Civil War he was in the midst of a section hard pressed by the evil doings of Reconstruction.

During his boyhood he was taught by John H. Filten in a classical school at Adairsville. From there he entered the \orth Georgia Agricultural College at Dahlonega.

In these schools Mr. Gray was prepared for the battles of life.
He possessed a splendid physique and was handsome and ath letic, he was endowed with a personality which won and held many warm friendships.

He aspired to the practice of law and was admitted to the bar in 1879, one year after graduation. He practiced Jaw in Canersville. Georgia, then came 10 the Atlanta bar and became the junior member of the law firm of Ellis it Gray. Afterwards this firm became Ellis, Gray and Ellis, and subsequently Mr. Gray formed the law firm of Gray, Brown
& Randolph.

On November 16, 1881, Mr. Gray married Miss May Inman, a daughter of the late Mr. Walker P. Inman.

Mr. Gray's connection with The Journal daces from his purchase of the stock of Senaior Hoke

(Continued on rage 135)

______

HEXRY WOODFIN GRADY
ENRV \V. GRADY, editor and orator, is remembered by Americans as "the great pacificator," by South erners as "the prophet of the New South," and by Atlantans as "the incarnation of the Atlanta spirit."
Although he never held nor sought public of fice, Grady was one of ihe most popular anil influential leaders that has ever lived in Georgia. Because of his earnest and suc cessful efforts to reconcile \orth and South in the controver sies growing out of the \Var Between the States, it was said of him that "he died literally loving a nation into peace."
Grady was working out the problems of Georgia and the South long before he made the great "New South" speech that made him the symbol of the movement for national pacifica tion. The vision, sincerity, and broad patriotism which won him such a devoted following in Georgia eventually captured the admiration of the entire nation.
Henry Woodfin Grady was bom May 24. 1850, in Alhens. Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia and graduated in 1868. Desiring to develop his literary and oratorical talents, he then took a year of post-grad uate work at the University of Virginia. Two articles which he wrote from Virginia to ihe Atlanta Constitution turned his thoughts toward journalism, and he returned to Georgia to accept a posi tion as associate editor of the Rome Courier.
The original sparkle of his writing, coupled with bold strokes of editorial enterprise, quickly attracted state-wide attention to Grady's work. After only ten months on the Courier he ac quired his own newspaper, the Rome Daily Commercial, and in 1872 he came to Atlanta as an
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1837 -- ATLANTA C E x T E N x i A L -- 1937

COLONEL JOHN T. GRANT
OLONEL JOHN T. GRANT, son of Daniel Grant, who was of Scotch origin but settled in Hanover, Va., was active in ideas and possessed a strong character. He was born on December 13, 1813. Daniel Grant was a prosperous planter in Athens, Ga.. where he removed in 1820. It was here that John Grant was born. Un til his preparation for college, John Grant received his educa tion at home and in the grammar school at Athens, then he entered the University of Georgia, from which institution he graduated in the class of 1833. After graduation he began his business life on his father's plantation but soon turned his attention to railroad construction, then in its infancy. He was a large contractor on most of the railroads built in Georgia before the war; also in Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi. Lou isiana and Texas. At the time of his death he, with Col. L. P. Grant, of this city, and the estate of his brother, James L. Grant, still owned sixty thousand acres of land in Texas, which they had received for the construction of the first twenty miles of the Southern Pacific road, now a portion of the Texas Pacific. During the war Col. Grant not only received a great loss in business but also in property. His residences ai Athens and Walton had been saved, but beyond them he had little else.
Soon after the war when he removed to Atlanta, he was employed in repairing the wrecked railroads of Georgia and as a contractor on the Macon and Augusta, Macon and Brunswick, Brunswick and Albany, Georgia Air Line, Georgia Pacific and Northeastern railroads, regained the fortune he had lost. Colonel Grant had an honorable character worthy of the highest es teem because of his business association, his active life both public and private. He helped in
(Continued on Page 130) ______ __
WILLIAM EZEKIEL HAWKINS
WILLIAM EZEKIEL HAWKINS, an honored and esteemed citizen of Atlanta for many years, and an upbuilder of his community whose wide range of activities em braced many undertakings affecting the city's wel fare, was born in Americus, Ga., November I, 1867,
the son of Samuel H. and Cordelia Anne Matthews Hawkins. His father was one of the most outstanding men of South Geor gia, and was the principal promoter of the first railway going into Americus. In a resulting financial depression he lost prac tically his entire fortune, but seeing the vast possibilities in the forest of South Georgia he recuperated his finances by ac quiring and selling timber lands. His father's family were pion eer settlers in Jones County, and number among their famous ancestry Benjamin Hawkins, an aide-de-camp to General Wash-

: Revolutionary '
Mr. Hawkins attended the public schools in Americus and entered Mercer University where he was graduated in 1887. After receiving his degree he worked first among the people who had known him from boyhood, and engaged in the railroad and banking business in Americus. In 1893 he entered the life insurance field and became district agent for the Equitable Life Assurance Society at Americus. He remained in this connection until. 1895 when he came to Atlanta where he soon became identified with the Aetna Life Insurance Company. This association he held continuously, except for a very short interval, for over 20 years, until the time of his death.
(Continued on Page 137)

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107

MRS. JOSEPH MADISON HIGH
o WOMA.V in Atlanta's history was ever more active for the city's betterment along religious, patriotic. cultural, artistic and social lines, nor gave more liberally of her time and means toward the great objects which she sought to attain. It will be many a long day before Atlanta looks upon her like again, for no cause worthy of support ever looked to her in vain, and though she sought no selfish advantage in her continuous benefactions, she was the city's most beloved philanthropist. Born in Campbell County, Georgia, she was a popular belle during the era which followed the War Between the States, and in 1882, as Harriet Wilson, young, charming and vivacious she married Joseph Madison High, one of Atlanta's most successful retail merchants, already eminent in the city's mercantile life and destined to attain still higher honors in the years to come. Here she made her future home. Entering at once into Atlanta's local activities she became an influen tial member of the city's best social and patriotic groups. One of the foremost of these was the Georgia Society of the Daughters, Founders and Patriots of America, of which she was honorary life president. She was also a member of the Colonial Dames, the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Daughters of the Confederacy, be sides many other organizations. Mrs. High was intensely religious. She was one of the founders of the North Avenue Pres byterian Church, interested in all its varied lines of work. Later she became one of the founders of Oglethorpe University, giving her zealous support to Dr. Thornwell Jacobs and taking an active part on its woman's board. With unflagging enthusiasm she gave herself to varied cndeav_______________________(Continued on P.IRC 137)___________________________
JUDGE GEORGE HILLYER
EORCF, HILLYPR was born at Athens. Ga., March 17, 1835, son of Junius and Jane Selina (Watkins) Hillyer. He was graduated at Mercer University in 1854, and in 1857 received the degree of A. M. He was admitted to the bar in February. 1S55. In
1857 he was elected to the Georgia legislature, in which he served two years and then became clerk of the Georgia house of rep resentatives (1859-60). In I860 he was a delegate to the Demo cratic national convention, held in Charleston, S. C. He was also a delegate to the Democratic national conventions in 1S84 and in 1892.
In the War Between the States he became captain of a com pany of Confederate troops, which lormed part of the 9th Georgia Infantry, and served with the Army of Northern Vir ginia, in the various campaigns and battles. He commanded his regiment at the Battle of Gettysburg, all officers above him having fallen. In November, 1863. Governor Brown called him back to Georgia to become auditor of the Western and Atlantic railroad which the state was then operating. At the same time he was major in command of a bat talion of the railroad men as state troopers in active service which position he held until the dose of the war. Subsequently he was one of three commissioners appointed to settle claims against the road aggregating $2,000,000, and the state got a clear receipt for 5400,000--thanks to the laborious in vestigation by the commissioners. In 1870 he was elected to the Georgia senate, served four years and introduced a new charter for Atlanta.
(Continued on Page 138)

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1837 --ATLANTA CENTEN.VI AL-- 1937

THOMAS P. HINMAN

JjjjHOMAS P. HINMAN, dental surgeon, was born al

Si Stratford, Ontario, Canada, March 4, 1870, son of

J] George and Susannah (Birch) Hinman, both

j natives of England, who brought him to the United

Si States when he was a year old. He was graduated

D. D. S. at the Southern Dental College (now the Atlanta-South

ern Dental College) in 1891 and thereafter until his death prac

ticed in Atlanta, Ga., making a specialty of oral surgery and

winning recognition as one of the leading dentists in America.

He became demonstrator of prosthetic dentistry at the Southern

Dental College in 1891, and professor of oral surgery there in

1892, and at the time of his death was dean of the college. He

was the guiding spirit of the Atlanta mid-winter clinic, founded

in 1912. which has done more than any other institution for

Ihe advancement of dentistry in the south. He also organized

the two-step, three-pin hood abutment for bridge work, carried

on research, work in electrolytic medication, was interested in

the demonstration of the vitality of the apical cementum in

cases of ble and

periapical unsavable

abscesses and originated the diagnostic teeth when apicably infected. He was

method of differentiating President of the National

between Dental

savaAsso

ciation 1915-16, and the southern branch of the association 1898-1901; Georgia State Dental Soci

ety 1918, and Dentists, and his profession

the Fifth District Dental Society, one of the founders of the American College ot a delegate in 1914 to the international congress of dentists in London. Apart from he was prominent in the business life of Atlanta, being a director of the First Na

tional Bank, pointed him

Atlanta Joint Stock Land Bank, and Atlantic Steel a member of the unemployment conference that met

Corp. President Harding ap in Washington, D. C., in 1922.

____________________________(Continued on Page 138)___________________________

JUDGE SAMUEL B. HOYT

t'DCE SAMUEL B. HOYT was born in Blount County,

Tennessee, on February 10, 1828.

His father, Rev. Daniel Hoyt, was a Presbyte rian minister and devoted much of his time in the cause of education. The members of the Hoyt family, in all its branches, and through all its generations, have been men of sterling worth, who have left the impress of their character upon the day in which they lived.

After completing his elementary course of study, Judge Hoyt entered Maryvillc College where he was graduated.

During 1844 he decided to visit Marthasville (Atlanta), which was then a small settlement. He came all the way from

Tennessee on horseback.

For several months he remained in Marthasville, clerking for Jonathan Norcross, who had married his aunt. It was not until several years later that he located in Atlanta permanently.

He was admitted to the bar in 1852.

From 1853 to 1855 Judge Hoyt served as a justice of the

peace and made the war he was

a splendid record. He was afterwards elected judge of the old City Court. During commissioner of the Confederate States, a part of the time on the staff of Governor

Joseph E. Brown. From 1806 to 1867 he ably filled the position of city attorney.

Five years later he retired from active practice of law, having been identified with the pro fession for nearly twenty years.

After giving up active practice he entered the banking business for eight years and in 1882

(Continued on Page 138)

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109

CLARK HOWELL, SR.
5 WHEN the final history of Georgia is written there is no name in all the bright roster of her sons who have loved and served her that will shine with warmer effulgence than that of the late Clark Howell. To tell the story of his contributions to
his state's progress during the half century of his leadership would be to repeat, almost in toto, the benefits that had ac crued to the state in that period.
Bom in 1863, at a time when the star of Confederacy was beginning to wane, when Sherman and his forces were march ing through Georgia, Clark Howell grew to manhood as a vital individual link between the old Georgia and the new. In his person he combined the finest attributes of that Geor gia which had gone, the Georgia of stately life and gracious beauty, and the new Georgia of vigorous rebirth, the Georgia of growing industrial importance, of greater civic and agri cultural potentiality and of even grander beauty.
He served his state at home, in the councils of the nation and abroad. His kindly counsel and leadership led her through many trying times and his wise advice and assistance brought to her innumerable benefits, large and small. During his lifetime there was no movement for betterment of the state, of Atlanta or of the citizens, that did not gravitate as by natural force to Clark Howell's office in The Constitution building at Atlanta, there to gain new inspiration and to acquire inspired guidance along the road to success.
It is difficult to say when the young Clark Howell began to be an influnce for progress and for good to his beloved state.
(Continued on Page 13S)________________________________

JOEL HURT
OEL HfRT, one of the South's foremost financial figures, was a pioneer in the real estate and fire insurance business of Atlanta, in office building construction of the South, and in the electric rail way development of the world. Fifty years a resi
dent of the city, he was a prominent figure in its progress to metropolitan greatness, with a record of leadership in enter prises that for number, variety, importance and evidence of faith and vision have rarely been matched by those of any other pioneer in community development.
Xo one of Atlanta's citizens has left a mark more varied in accomplishment or more constructive in character than has Joel Hurt. His indomitable spirit and strict adherence to duty and honor made this possible. True to his college training as a civil and electrical engineer, he established Atlanta's electric street railway system. True to his love of the beautiful and of nature he gave the city first, Inman Park with its little jewel. Springvale Park, in the center, and later Druid Hills, with its curving roads and exquisite planting. By those two accomplishments he has introduced to and cultivated in citizens of Atlanta a knowledge and love of evergreen and deciduous plant ing which before was almost unknown to them.
He was true to his natural gift as an organizer and financier and founded many successful companies, among them the Atlanta Home Insurance Company, of which he was president for thirty-two years, and the Trust Company of Georgia, of which he was president for eleven years. And last he was true to his faith in Atlanta and the South when he planned and built the Equit-
(Continucd on Page Ml)

110

1837 -- ATLANTA CENTENNIAL-- 1937

WALKER P. INMAN
. INMAN was born in Huntsville, Ala., June 18, 1828, the son of John and Jane (Walker) Inman.
When he was quite young the family removed to the old home at Dandridge, Tenn., where they lived for a number of years. It was in Tennessee thai Mr. Inman began his business career. His first employment was with a dry goods firm, and he received the munificent salary of 50.00 per year.
In 1857 he moved to Georgia and settled at Ringgold. Two years later he came to Atlanta. In 1869 he became a member of the firm of S. M. Inman & Co., in the cotton business.
Mr. Inman's success in business was remarkable, and at the time of his death on November 23rd, 1907, he was one of the wealtiesl men in the state. He was a man of the most systematic habits. There was always a set time for the per formance of every business act, and this rule he never deviated from. Although well advanced in years when he became in terested in the Atlanta Journal, he always expressed the keenest interest in the affairs of the paper, and kept in close touch not only with its financial affairs and editorial policy, but with the news end of the paper. Mr. Inman was a devoted churchman, a member of the First Presbyterian Church, and was ever a liberal contributor to the church and its charities. Mr. Inman was twice married. His first wife was Miss Harriett Cordelia Dick, who died many years before his death. His second wife was Miss Frances Jones. Two daughters survive Mr. Inman--Mrs. James R. Gray and Mrs. Morris Brandon. His name will always be associated with the remarkable expansion of Atlanta from the vil lage days when he took citizenship here to the great city of today.

EDWARD H. INMAN
?R. INMAN, born in Atlanta on August 19, 1881, was 49 years old at the time of his death. He was the son of Hugh Theodore and Margaret Josephine Inman. His father was one of the pillars of early Atlanta. He was a member of council for many
years and during his term of service advanced the city funds with which to construct a needed pump at the present munici pal waterworks.
Mr. Inman received his early education in the Atlanta schools and later was graduated from Princeton University with the Bachelor of Arts degree. He was married to Miss Emily MacDougald, of Columbus, Ga., June 19, 1901.
Soon after graduation from Princeton, Mr. Inman became connected with the firm of Inman, Akcrs and Inman. This firm subsequently became Inman & Howard, one of the largest cotton brokerage businesses in the southeast.
In business Mr. Inman had many interests. He became the president of the Kimball House Company, vice-president of the Atlanta Woolen Mills, and director of the Trust Company of Georgia, the Atlanta and JLowry National Bank and the Atlantic Ice & Coal Company. He was a director, also, of the First National Bank.
Those who knew Mr. Inman best found him a man of simplicity and modesty, with com mendable frankness and directness in his private and business dealings. He was implicitly honest
(Continued on Page 143)

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CENTENNIAL-- 1937

111

SAMUEL M. INMAN

v his high character, his manly life, his great ability, his leadership in every enterprise for the good of the community, and his readiness to give himself and his fortune to advance the interests of his home city. Samuel M. Inman won the title of "The First Citizen of Atlanta."

So richly was it merited and so modestly worn that none questioned his title or begrudged his right to the rare dis tinction

Samuel Martin Inman was born at Dandridge, Tennessee. February 19. 1843, the son of Shadrack \V. and Jane (Martin) Hamilton. Inman.
The preliminary education of Samuel M. Inman was ac quired at Maury Academy in Dandridge, after which he was graduated from Maryville College. He then entered Princeton University, only to have his studies interrupted by the out break of the war. Enlisting at the age of 18, he rose to the rank of First Lieutenant and then to the staff of General Hume, serving throughout the war with courage and distinction.

In the spring of 1867 Mr. Inman moved to Atlanta, where in association with his father, he established the firm of S. W. Inman & Son, which continued until 1870, after which the firm be came known as S. M. Inman & Co.

This firm built up the largest cotton business in the South, and for a long time handled more spot cotton than any other concern in the world.

Through Mr. Inman's ability to judge men, a wonderful organization was created, which,

__ ____

___(Continued on Page MS)

____

____________

DR. WILLIS B. JONES

R. JOXES was bom in Xcwnan, Ga., on January 31,

1875. He was the son of John Pope Jones and

Mrs. Jones, the former Miss Hattie U'ilcoxson. He

had been practicing in Atlanta for 32 years.

Dr. Jones had a long and distinguished career as a surgeon, and was beloved among the members of his profes

sion and by hundreds of persons for his charity work among the poor of the city and county. He was a graduate of Mercer

University and the University of Georgia. He received his doc tor's degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University and interned for two years at Bellevue

Hospital, in \ew York. After completing his interneship. he

studied abroad for several years and was considered one of the most highly educated members of the medical profession in

the country.

Dr. Jones was a member of the staffs of Grady Hospital, Crawford W. Long, \Vesley Memorial and Georgia Baptist.

He was also a member of the Fulton County Medical Society

and other fraternity Piedmont

aDiDmnnnrddreiivdvkkiiinceeagpplttCouurlppugbahhniiaistznai.dn.t.it,,otehn.r-- eess.Ct Dai--npuirtt--hainle_gCo_r.hig0tiysanCciozlulaltbeig.oenHdieanywslaahsteearbMleiflaoes.nognHedaenthdoealtdhmemeAmelmpu bhbeaerrrosTifhan iAuplse lOiSnm-ai.etnghtaes

Episcopal CChhuurrch.

Dr. Jones died on March 3, 1934, and is survived by his wife, formerly Miss Lena Swift, and

threee sons, Bryant, Charles, and \Villis B. Jones, Jr.

112

1837 --ATLANTA C E N T E N N i A L--1937

SAM D. JONES
AM D. JONES, a leading citizen of Atlanta for over 30 years, a successful business man, progressive in all matters of civic de%relopment, and a real friend of mankind, was born in Campbell County, Virginia, in April, 1856, the son of William Saunders and Virginia Moorman Jones.
After completing his high school education, Mr. Jones en tered Virginia Polytechnic Institute and was graduated with the degree of B. S. He then attended Richmond University where he received the degree of L.L. B. in law. Following this he prac ticed as a member of the legal profession in the southwestern part of Virginia for a period of about ten years.
Early in his business career he was married to Miss Elizabeth Harrison of Roanoke, Virginia, whose father, Rev. J. R. Harrison, founded the Virginia Intermont College at Bristol, Va. Possessing a forceful character, combined with a spiritual out^. j look on life and a magnetic personality, Mr. Jones was called on to take part in the management of this collegiate institution and became president. In this position he exercised his genius for executive ability which he later so ably demonstrated in his successful business career in Atlanta.
Coming to this city in September, 1898, he engaged in the manufacturing business, associating himself with the Atlanta Stove Works, of which concern he became president, and afterwards chairman of the board. Later in association with his brother, Boiling H. Jones, he established in Birmingham, Alabama, the Birmingham Stove and Range Company, of which concern he was an executive until his death. These two concerns were developed until they became leaders in this
________(Continued on Pnfic M-l)_____________________________
ALEXANDER C. KING
LKX C. KING, jurist, was born at Charleston, S. C., December 7, 1856. son of J. Gadsden and Caroline Clifford (Postell) King. He received his education chiefly at Savannah, Ga., at William S. Bogart's classical school. After studying law he was admitted to the Georgia bar in 1875 and began the practice of his pro fession in Atlanta. He was associate general counsel of the At lanta & West Point Railroad Co., 1887-93: general counsel of East & West Railroad & Alabama, 1887-89; assistant general counsel of the Richmond & Danville Railroad Co., and Rich mond & West Point Terminal Co., 1890-92; general counsel of the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad Co., 1894-1901; and special counsel of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad Co., 1895-1918. In 1885 he organized the legal firm of King fe Spalding. which continued until 1918. He was a member of the board of state bar examiners for Georgia during 1903-1918, and chair man of that board from 1910. In 1912 he was appointed by United States circuit court of appeals, 5th circuit, member of the committee to report on revision of rules in equity in the United States court. In 1918 he was appointed solicitor general of the United States to succeed John W. Davis, ambassador to Great Britain, and retained that office until June, 1920, when he became United States circuit judge, 5th circuit. Judge King was a counsellor of the American Red Cross during 1918-20; vice president and a member of the board of curators of the Gerorgia Historical Society; and member of the American, Georgia and Atlanta Bar Associations, and the Capital City and Piedmont Driving Clubs (Atlanta). Judge King specialized in insurance law and for more than a quarter of a cen tury enjoyed a broad general practice in the Southern States.
(Continued on Page 144)

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C. SPURGEON KING
SPURCEON KING attained a business success and a position of eminence in the financial affairs of At lanta and the South that few men have achieved at his age. His passing June 11, 1930, at the age of 45 years cut short a business career in which he manifested a vigor and comprehensiveness of affairs and con ditions which never fail to excite the admiration and respect of his friends and business associates.
He was born in Lampasas, Texas, October 1, 1885. He was the son of Dr. Charles R. King, who married Sarah Ann Jones, member of a prominent Tennessee family. Dr. King was born in Carroll County, Miss., February 28, 18-13, and later lived in Louisiana where he voluntarily enlisted with the 31st Louisiana Regiment at the outbreak of the \Var Between the States, and fought during the entire period. After the \var he finished his educational training and completed a course in medicine. He moved to Texas in 1875 and located at Brownwood, Brown County. In that state Dr. King won an enviable place for himself as a constructive citizen and a pioneer physician in special lines of medicine. He established a hospital for the treatment of nervous patients, and in this branch of his profes sion he showed unusual initiative and a high degree of skill. In 1890 he retired and with his family came to Atlanta where he lived for the remainder of his life.
C. Spurgeon King began his banking career as a mere boy and devoted himself to it with a singleness of purpose that denoted enjoyment in the nobility of work. The vital elements of his character were strength, earnestness, initiative, and belief in the brotherhood of man. Early in ___________________________(Continued on Page 1-1-1)___________________________
VICTOR HUGO KRIEGSHABER,
ICTOR HUGO KKIECSHABER, the son of William Kriegshaber and Regina (Sommers) Kreigshaber, was bom in Louisville, Ky., on March 27, 1859. His father came to America with Carl Schur/ and his band of German revolutionists, exiled from Prus sia on account of their activities in the Revolution of 18-58. After a ninety-day boat trip to \ew Orleans. La., and an addi tional thirty<lay journey to Kentucky. William Kriegshabcr established himself as a citizen of the United States, in Louis ville, and became a successful agent of general insurance.
Victor Hugo Kriegshaber was educated in private schools in Louisville until the age of sixteen. His early childhood was marked by the Civil War, and he witnessed the fiery cavalry dash of Morgan's Raiders through Bowling Green, Ky., on their way to Indiana. Later, he attended the Hailsman German-Eng lish Academy and was sent abroad to complete his education in the University Preparatory at Frankfort-on-the-Main and in the University of Darmstadt, in Germany, in which institution of learning he remained from 1875 to 1880. At his graduation, he received the degree of Civil En gineer, a profession he afterward followed with success. He returned to Louisville and was employed in the City Engineering Department. Being am bitious, Mr. Kriegshaber sought an outlet for his energies and talents, and secured a position in the Construction Department of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company, as Assistant En gineer and Draftsman, in which capacity he was connected with the building of the line to Livingston and Jellico, Tenn. Capable service in this first work led to employment by the Central of Georgia Railway Company which he served as Engineer in Charge of Maintenance of Way, and,
(Continued on Page 115)

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JOSEPH RUCKER LAMAR

By the HON. WILLIAM H. FLEMING.

OSEPH RUCKER LAMAK was born of old Virginia

stock, in both parents, at Ruckersville, Elbert

County, Georgia, October I4th, 1857; his father,

Reverend James S. Lamar, noted author and min

ister of the Christian Church; his mother, Mary

Rucker, youngest child of Joseph and Margaret Speer Rucker,

an accomplished musician and scholar; educated at the pri

vate school of Joseph T. Derry, at Augusta, where Woodrow

\Vilson was a pupil, with whom a warm friendship existed;

Martin Institute, Jefferson County; Richmond Academy, Au

gusta; Penn Lucy, near Baltimore, taught by Col. Richard

Malcolm Johnston, author; the State University, at Athens,

in 1874-75, where an illness prevented his continuance; Beth-

any College, where he graduated in 1877; Washington and

Lee University, Virginia, where he studied law under Charles

A. Graves, later Professor in the University of Virginia; ad

mitted to the bar at Augusta, 1878; married 1879, Clarinda

Huntington Pendleton, accomplished daughter of Dr. Wil

liam K. Pendleton, President of Bethany College; elected to the state legislature 1886-87, re-

elected without opposition 1888-89; appointed 1893 one of the commissioners to re-codify the

laws of Georgia; appointed 1902 Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia; elected 1904: re

signed 1905; appointed by President Taft an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the

United States December 12, 1910; appointed by President Wilson head of the American Com

mission to the A. B. C. Conference at Niagara 1914; died in Washington, D. C., January 2nd,

191G.

__ ___

(Continued OM Puff M6)_____

WILLIAM BAILEY LAMAR
SILLIAM B. LAMAR, congressman and attorney-general of Florida, was born in Jefferson County, Fla., June 12, 1853, son of Thomson Bird and Sarah Bellamy (Bailey) Lamar; grandson of Lucius Q. C. Lamar, judge of the Georgia supreme court; nephew of
Lucius Q. C. Lamar (q. v.) U. S. senator and associate justice of the U. S. supreme court: great-nephew of Mirabeau B. Lamar (q. v.), a second president of the Republic of Texas, and a descendant of Thomas Lamar, a Huguenot, who settled in Man-land in 1663. His father, a state senator in Florida and colonel of the 5th Florida regiment in the War Between the States, was killed in action at Petersburg, Va. William B. Lamar was graduated A. B. at the University of Georgia in 1873, and L.L. B. at the Lebanon (Tenn.) law school in 1875. Ad mitted to practice in the Florida courts in 1876. he immediately entered upon a political career. He was clerk of the circuit court of Jefferson County for four years and Jefferson County judge three years. In 1886 he was elected to the Florida house of representatives and nominated speaker, and two years later was elected attorney-general of Florida, serving by reelection for sixteen years. His career in the national congress began in 1903 and continued for three terms. He resided in Atlanta, Ga., during 1912-14, after which he di vided his time between Washington, D. C., and Thomasville, Ga., in the practice of law and busi ness activities. While a member of the Florida legislature he advocated an employers' liability act making railroads liable for personal injuries, and an act making gambling and the owning of gambling paraphernalia a felony. As attorney-general he conducted a suit for 596,000 back taxes against the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad. As the state treasury lacked sufficient funds to
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115

ST. ELMO M. MASSENGALE
T. EI.MO MASSE.NGALE, founder and for many years president of the Massengale Advertising Agency. was a pioneer in the field of advertising in the South. During his lifetime he contributed liberally and unselfishly of his time and ability to the ad vancement of Atlanta's interests, civic, commercial and spirit ual. Born in Norwood, Warren County, Georgia, on Februray 16, 1876, he was the son of Andrew Murray Massengale and Hattie Brin Massengale. He was educated at the Norwood Academy and Atlanta high schools. In 1897, he established the Massengale Advertising Agency which grew under his guidance to be one of the most success ful enterprises of its kind in the country. Mr. Massengale gained his training in this field while working on the Atlanta Constitution where he was brought into daily contact with Henry IV. Grady, Joel Chandler Harris and other prominent journalists of that time. When he began his venture here, advertising as a profession was unheard of in the South and was in its infancy in the Northern States. In 1910 he established the Massengale Bulletin System, handling outdoor advertising through painted boards and electric signs. The first Coca-Cola advertising was handled by the Massen gale agency. Mr. Massengale established the Kansas Coca-Cola Bottling Co., of which he was president. He was the organizer of the Atlanta Ad Men's Club and one of the founders of the Associated Ad Clubs of the World. During the World War, Mr. Massengale was one of the leaders in the publicity campaign for Liberty Loan Bonds. He was intimately connected with _____________________________(Continued on Page 117)____
EDWARD WELLBORN' MARTIN
C.MBERED prominently among leading men of Geor gia, whose works of the past continue in their ben eficial effect even unto the present, is the late Edmund Wellborn Martin, who practiced law nearly fifty years in Atlanta and who, during that time, acted consistently for the best interests of the city and State. He was descended from the oldest families of Georgia and South Carolina, of Revolutionary descent, and uncle of John Wellborn Martin, former Governor of Florida. His father before him was a distinguished figure and before pro ceeding with the story of Edmund W. Martin's life we pay him tribute to the late Colonel John Marshal Martin. Colonel John Marshal Martin was bom in Hampton Coun ty. South Carolina, March 18, IS32, and lived to the age of eighty-nine years, his death occurring August 10. 1921. He came of brilliant ancestry. His grandfather was a captain in the Continental Army, a friend of George Washington, and a cousin of the noted jurist, John Marshal, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Colonel Manin early obtained knowledge of the rudiments of war. Educated at The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina, he came as a pioneer to Florida in 1855, his father having bought a large tract of land in the vicinity of Ocala on which he built a home. Being in the prime and vigor of manhood at the outbreak of the war. he

Smith. His battery participated in the Battle of Richmond, Kentucky, where Colonel Martin fell, severely wounded. He was given credit by General Smith for saving the day. On his re-
(Cominued on Page 1-13)

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DR. FLOYD W. McRAE, SR.
R. McRAE was born December 6, 1861, in Telfair county, and died August 13, 1921. He received his education in the public and private schools of Telfair county, and in the Robert E. Lee Institute, at Thomaston, Ga.
In 1881 he began the study of medicine under Dr. James H. Latimer, at Lumber City, Ga. He attended two courses of lectures at the Atlanta Medical College and was graduated there in the class of 1885.
Dr. McRae then took a post-graduate course at the New York Polyclinic and the New York Post-Graduate Medical School. Since 1885 Dr. McRae had practiced his profession in Atlanta.
He was a member of the American Medical Association, former secretary of the section on surgery ami anatomy, a member of the Pan-American Medical Congress, the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association, the Medical Associa tion of Georgia, and the Atlanta Society of Health, of which he was secretary in 1895. During the period of 1885 to 1893, Dr. McRae was demonstrator of anatomy at the Atlanta Medical College. He was former professor of physiology at the Atlanta Dental College, and the Southern Medical College. Dr. McRae was the author of a great many technical works and a contributor to the "South ern Medical Record." ___________________________(Continued on I'age H9)___________________________
CHARLES T. N UN N ALLY
R. NUNNALLY was born in Atlanta in 1870 and died August 19, 1932. He was one of Atlanta's leading business men and for many years prominent in the affairs of the city.
He attended the public schools of Atlanta and then entered the railroad business, where he remained until he was 25 years old. He then organized the Charles T. Nunnally Manufacturing Company, and a few years later was joined in the business by his brother, the late O. S. Nunnally, and the firm name was changed to Nunnally Brothers. A few years later, T. H. McCrea became associated with the enter prise and the firm became known as the Nunnally and Mc Crea Company.
Mr. Nunnally was known among business associates and other friends as an inspiring executive and constructive leader. In his particular field of business he enjoyed the respect and esteem of all with whom he came in contact.
Mr. Nunnally was active in the social life of Atlanta and served the Capital City Club as its president. He was also a member of the Piedmont Driving Club, a Shriner and a Mason and a member of the Ponce de Leon Baptist Church.
Without ostentation or publicity Mr. Nunnally was known to his friends as a most charitable man and devoted much of his time and private wealth to the Rabun Gap School, an institution for the education of ambitious and deserving mountain boys. He also found joy in caring for the negro servants who had been in the employ of the Nunnally family years ago. Until they died, these faithful servants would call at Mr. Nunnally's office each Saturday and be given funds with which to care for their simple needs.
Mr. Nunnally is survived by his wife and two sons, Hugh P. Nunnally and Charles B. Nun nally.

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117

JOHN SHEFFIELD OWEN7S
SE of the original Bell House boys, an organization which would have delighted ihe soul of Dickens, a wide-awake real estate dealer, developing one of the city's most important subdivisions, a successful banker, vice-president of the old Central Bank, whose stock was acquired by the Citizens and Southern: an alderman of the City of Atlanta, serving for one term only and declining a re-election, when the success of his ticket was already an established fact; a druggist and a man of varied experience, enterprise and daring in the world of businesssuch condensed into a single paragraph, is the life's record of this extraordinary man.
To call John S. Owens, a man of genius, is perhaps a claim which he would be ihe firsi lo discredit, but he was undoubt edly a man of mark, of striking eccentricities, of fine enthusi asms and of loyal friendships. His death was a blow not only to the circles in which he moved but to the commercial life of the entire state; for, measured by any standard, he was one ot Georgia's outstanding citizens, foremost in every movement to promote the state's welfare and progress.
John S. Owens was born in Evergreen, Fla.. May 11, 1863, a son of Dr. ]ohn Owens of Floyann Elizabeth (Sheffield) Owens, the latter one of the numerous family of Sheffields who settled in South Georgia in 1747.
Coming to Atlanta, he entered at once into its channels of business. On January 16, 1897, Mr. Owens married Mrs. Charles Wright, nee Miss Martha Oonovan, of \Vadley, Ga., and three children were bom to this union: John S. Owens, of Montgomery, Ala.: Donovan Owens, of At lanta, and Mrs. Charles C. Hall, of Morristown, N. J.
He became a large real estate owner and developer and was a great help to the builders of quanta homes, financing them for many years. He became vice-presidem of ihe old Central
___________(Continued on Page H9)

WILLIAM FRANKLIX PATTILLO
WILLIAM FRAXKUN PATTILLO. late member of ihe firm of Pattillo & Brown, general agents of the Ham burg-Bremen Fire Insurance Company, was the son of James Pattillo, a native of Grcene County, who was a farmer all his life, a Confederate soldier,
and who died in West Point. Ga., in 1905, at the ripe age of 84. George and Henry Pattillo, brothers, came from Scotland in 1840 and settled in Virginia, and all the Pattillos in this country came from this branch. Mr. Pattillo was bom in Harris County, Georgia, March 26,1846. He entered the Georgia Mili tary Institute at Marietta in 1864 and enlisted with the other students in the Confederate service in April of that year. He returned to Harris County and engaged in fanning until IS6S, when he took a business course in \ew Orleans. He came to Atlanta in 1868, and entered the insurance business with his uncle, \V. P. Pattillo. In 1877 he formed a partnership under the firm name of \V. P. and \V. F. Pattillo. In 18S9 he was made general agent of the southeastern department of the Hamburg-Bremen Company, making a continuous service of more than 35 years with this company. He was a member of St. Mark Church; was president of the Bank of Decatur. and a director in the Fulton National Bank. He married Miss Mary E. Moss in 1870. and they hate four living chil dren (1937).

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J. CARROLL PAYNE

R. PAYNE was born in Warremon, Va., in Septem

ber, 1855, and was connected with some of the

most distinguished families of the Old Dominion,

being a lineal descendant of Thomas Green, sec

ond governor of Maryland, who came to America

with the Calverts in 1634.

Educated at Georgetown University and the University of

Virginia, he followed in the footsteps of his father and entered

upon the practice of law, after moving to New Orleans and

studying the peculiar Napoleonic code at Tulane University.

As a young barrister he was associated with his uncle, T. j.

Semmes, who took him into full partnership.

In 1885 he married Miss Helen Hill, of Atlanta, and relin

quished his law practice in New Orleans to move to this city,

where he was admitted to the bar and opened a legal career

that continued for more than 50 years.

Mr. Payne celebrated his golden wedding anniversary in

(Atlanta during September, 1935. In addition to his law prac

tice, he became identified with various important business enterprises here, notably the Atlantic

Steel Company, which he helped to organize: the Trust Company of Georgia, the Atlanta Title & Trust Company, the old Third National Bank, and the Atlantic Ice & Coal Company, serving

on the directorates of all of them. He also represented and served as director of several railroads

in the Southeast.

Mr. Payne throughout his life was untiring in his devotion to the Catholic faith and in his

efforts to promote its interests. He became one of the outstanding Catholic laymen in the

__

(Continued on Page M9)_________________ __________

DR. THOMAS SPENCER POWELL
R. THOMAS SPEXCER Pow-Ki.Cs name is entitled to an honored place among those of Atlanta's pio neers who devoted their lives to the upbuilding of their city and state, both on account of his con spicuous success as a practicing physician and as a teacher of medical science.
He was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, in 1826, of Welsh ancestry, from whom he inherited that degree of men tal and physical vigor which were the foundation p his achievements in life. While yet a mere child he manifested marked aptitude for medicine, and he was wisely allowed to follow the bent of his inclinations. After receiving a thorough education in Oakland Academy and the Lawrcnceville Male Institute in his native county, from which he graduated with high honors, he received a thorough preliminary training in medicine and pharmacy from Dr. Benjamin I. Hicks, of Lawrenceville. Not being satisfied with anything short of the best, Dr. Powcll then went to the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, and graduated from the Medical Department two years later.
Upon receiving his diploma, in 1846, Dr. Powell located in Sparta, Ga., where he practiced medicine until 1858. In 1857, Dr. Powell was invited to address the faculty of the Atlanta Med ical College, and so profound an impression was made upon his hearers that he was elected to an important chair in that institution the following year. This caused the removal of his place of residence to Atlanta, which he was proud to call home until the day of his death.
During the yellow fever scourge at Savannah, Dr. Powell volunteered his services for the ben-
(Continucd on Page 130)

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119

ERETUS RIVERS
RETUS RIVERS was bom October 7, 1872, in Pike County, Georgia, the son of Burrell Green Rivers and Leonora Cathran Rivers. He was a member of one of the South's most socially prominent families. His father was a South Carolinian and his mother a native Georgian. He attended the schools in Milner, Ga., and later entered the employ of the Central o Georgia Railway at the age of H. and by constantly improving his position and compensation through hard and earnest work, he was eventu ally appointed traffic manager for the Macon terminals, and at that time was said to be the youngest railroad official in the United States.
He resigned from the railroad's employ and entered the real estate business in Atlanta, a field in which the influence of his keen business judgment was immediately felt. He soon became one of Atlanta's leading realtors and enjoyed the esteem and confidence of his business associates and his competitors by his keen interest for the adx'ancemem of his city, its people, and its institutions. He was connected with and negotiated many important transfers of property, and his judgment in realty values carried as much significance as that of any one in Atlanta.
The development of Peachtree Heights Park, lying on both sides of Peachtree Road between Atlanta and Buckhead, was a project of which he was particularly proud and in which he took a consuming interest. It is recognized today as the finest residential development in the south and will rank with any in the entire country.
In recognition of his service to the county as a member of the Board of Education, serving on the Fulton Board, and for his intense interest in improving school facilities in Fulton, the name
______________________(Continued on Page 151)____________________________
FRANK MASON ROBINSON
MONO the men of enterprise and ability whose lives and personal exertions are inseparably associated with the history of Atlanta's commercial growth and civic progress, none deserves more honorable mention than Frank Mason Robinson. A pioneer in the soft drink industry, he was widely known as one of the officers of the Coca-Cola Company, with which he was con nected for many years, xvhile at the same time his thoughts were fixed upon problems for the elevation of his community and humanity in general. The good of others was paramount with him, and his death on July 8. 1923. was a great loss to the capital city.
Mr. Robinson was born September H, 18-46, at East Corinth, Maine, and was a son of John Langdon and Mary (Fischer) Robinson.
He was educated in the Pine Tree State, and at Bangor, Maine, embarked in merchandising, forming a partnership with D. D. Doe. Later he journeyed to the west and located in Sibley, Iowa, being elected auditor of Osceola County in 1871 for a term of two years. Coming to Atlanta in 1886, he immediately formed important business connections and in 1888, when Mr. Candler acquired the Coca-Cola interests, Mr. Robinson became associated with him in the undertaking. In 1892 the Coca-Cola Company was organized and he was made the first secre tary. He filled that office for twenty years, giving his personal attention to the management of the sales and advertising departments, and designed the Coca-Cola trade-mark, which is known throughout the world. He was a business man of exceptional acumen and ability, and his well
(Continued on Page 152)

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AMOS GILES RHODES
By RUTH BLAIR
MOS GILES RHODES, whose name from now on is identified with the historical work of Georgia, was born December 29, 1850, in Kentucky, the son of Joseph and Louisa Laurie Rhodes. The family suffering the misfortune of the War Between the States experienced by all Southerners, eager young Amos, whose genius for business was later to be the admiration of all who knew him, began work while still in his 'teens. Sensing the advantages of the growing railroad town to the South, lately become the capital of its state, the young man--now A. G.--located in Atlanta in 1875 and soon afterwards started the furniture business in which he continued until his death. As his business affairs prospered, investments in real estatematerial additions to his later fortune--were made in Georgia and Florida, and branch stores were established in thirty-five of the larger cities of the Southeast.
In 1876 occurred the marriage of A. G. Rhodes and Amanda Wilmot Dougherty of Atlanta, Georgia. Mrs. Rhodes, born October 15, 1847, was molded by the trying years of the war and the Reconstruction Era into a fine, strong and able character, whose sympathetic understanding and co-operation were the blessing of her husband until death took her, August 21, 1927.
Retiring by nature, interested in charitable rather than political organizations, member of the Christian Church, democrat, mason; these are descriptive terms for the late A. G. Rhodes. Bom and reared in a "border" state and too young for military service, he was nevertheless en________ ________________ (Continued on 1'agg 152)_____________________________
ROBERT F. SHEDDEN
OBERT F. SHEDDEN, whose civic interests and philan thropic undertakings were of such magnitude as to make him an eminent figure in the city's life for forty-one years, was born in New York City, June 26, 1867. He attended the schools in that
city and was one of a hundred boys selected to go to New York University on a scholarship, but on account of the death of his father he was forced to go to work and entered the employ of the Mutual Life Insurance Company at the age of fifteen years. His work was so thorough that he early became private secretary to the executive vice-president, from which position he was transferred to Atlanta in 1889 as general agent. Three years later he was appointed general manager for the Mutual Life Insurance Company for the state of Georgia.
Mr. Shedden held this position for thirty-six years, until ill health forced him to retire from active management in 1928. At that time he was regarded as the oldest branch man ager in point of service, and the dean of the insurance pro fession in Atlanta. During this period he built up one of the strongest insurance agencies in the state of Georgia, and was a vital factor in the insurance history of the state. His name stood be fore the public for honesty and integrity, identified with every movement to further the interest of life insurance generally. He took an active part in the development of the Atlanta Association of Life Inderwritcrs, and served as its president and in every other official capacity.
One of his unusual distinctions was that he served as an honorary colonel on the staff of every governor of Georgia with but two exceptions from the time of his appointment by Gov. W. Y. Atkinson up to the time of his death in Gov. Hardman's administration.
(Continued on Page 153)

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JOHN MARSHALL SLATON
OHN MARSHALL SLATON, former Governor of Geor gia, was born in Meriwether County in 1866, the son of William Franklin Slaton, afterwards super intendent of the Atlanta schools. Young Slaton received his education first in those schools and afterward at the University of Georgia, where he was graduated in 1886 with first honors. The degree of LL.D. was conferred by the university trustees.
Mr. Slaton began his legal career immediately after gradua tion and for years was associated with such eminent figures as Luther Z. Rosser, Ben Z. Phillips and Stiles Hopkins. Both Mr. Rosser and Mr. Phillips have passed on, and the firm is now Slaton 8c Hopkins.
For many years, beginning as a young man, John M. Slaton served his state. For thirteen years he was a representative from Fulton County, including four years as Speaker of the House, and then served four years as President of the State Senate. Jn November, 1911, upon the election to the United Slates Senate of Hoke Smith, Mr. Slaton became acting governor. The next October he was elected Governor of Georgia, his term expiring in June, 1915.
Governor Slaton found difficult financial problems facing the state when he assumed office. He demonstrated his abilities as a financier by solving many of these, providing for payment of pen sions and teachers' salaries, and bringing about the refunding of the state's bonded indebtedness, despite the prevailing depression in the South. That and his success in passing the tax equalization law, were among his most notable achievements.
In 1898 Mr. Slaton married Miss Sarah Frances Grant, one of the most brilliant and charming
_______________________(Continued on Page l">-t)
ALEXANDER W. SMITH, SR.
LEXAXDER \V. SMITH, SR., was born in Habersham County, Ga., June 24,1861, the son of Henry Lamar Smith, a leading merchant of Atlanta, and Sarah Amelia fl\"y!y) Smith, daughter of a well known Georgia family.
Mr. Smith studied in private schools, the Boys High School, and finished the junior year at the University of Georgia.
In business he remained five years with H. L. Smith fc Son, wholesale grocers, then having studied law under Judge Mar shall J. Clarke, he was admitted to the bar October, 1883. From 1885 to 1892 he was associated with Abbott & Smith, and the next seven years to 1899, with Victor L. Smith, his only brother. T. A. Hammond joined the firm in 1899 and it became known as Smith. Hammond fc Smith.
Mr. Smith was general manager of the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta in 1895 and president of the bar association in 1912.
His church affiliation was Episcopalian. He was a member of the Capital City and Piedmont Driving Clubs and of the standing committees on railroads and federal trade of the United States Chamber of Commerce.
He was married September 10, 1885, to Miss Ida Kendrick, of Atlanta, and (our children were
born of this union Eschewing political preferment Mr. Smith devoted himself assiduously to the practice of law,
but gave much time to civic matters, looking to bitter governmental conditions, city, state and na tional.

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1837-Ai-LANTA CENTEN x t AL-1937

JUDGE HENRY B. TOMPKINS
I.'DCE TOMPKINS was born in Clayton, Ala., in 1845, the son of Henry M. Tompkins and Henrietta Bethune Tompkins.
In 1861, when Judge Tompkins was 16 years old, he organized a company to fight for the Con federacy, but on account of his age his father objected to his assuming command. At the age of 18, however, he joined the Confederate army as a private. He was soon made adjutant of the regiment and later was made captain. Judge Tompkins served under Bragg, Hood and Johnson, and was wounded at Chickamauga, Dallas and Atlanta. At the Battle of Atlanta he was shot through the body during a fight at what is now West View Cemetery.
After the war Judge Tompkins practiced law in Memphis for a short time and then moved to Savannah.
He served on the Superior Court bench in the Chatham circuit for five years and his work during the reconstruction period was marked by ability, fairness and bravery.
In 1882 he came to Atlanta and took up the practice of law in partnership with Morris Brandon, and his practice grew into one of the largest in the state. Judge Tompkins was married in 1882 to Miss Bessie Washington of Tennessee. There were three children of this marriage. Mrs. Tompkins died in 1887 and in 1893 Judge Tompkins married Miss Nora Palmer, a niece of Gen eral Robert Toombs. Of this marriage there are two children, Henry and Lawrence. Judge Tomp kins died. February 25th, 1903.

GEORGE M. TRAYLOR
EORCE MCDONALD TRAYLOR, the subject of this sketch, was one of Georgia's foremost citizens, an aristocrat to the manner born, but easy of ap proach, genial, generous and upright, a man with out guile and to whom fear was unknown. He was pre-eminently a man of business and was widely known in the circles of trade, finance and capital, but wherever he went there hovered about him an atmosphere which took one back to the Old South of Ante-bellum days. The emphasis of his study was put upon questions of taxation. In his wide awake commercial enterprise he lived in the present, but in his courtliness of manner, his politeness, his refinement and his fidelity to principle he belonged to an earlier era. He was born at Roselands, Harris County, Georgia, January 28, 1850, the son of John Humphrey and Mary Elizabeth (Bailey) Traylor, from both of whom lie inherited a bold independence, both of thought and of character, associated with studious habits, engaging manners and correct principles.
With such distinguished antecedents, the future dawned bright with promise for George M. Traylor. He was educated in the G. M. T., Whiteville Academy and in Dolbears College, New Orleans, La. At the age of fourteen years he was a sergeant-major in Troup county militia and did service at West Point, Ga. Inheritance linked him to agricultural pursuits. Bom to an ample domain, he thought in terms of agriculture, manufacture and finance, and was several times a delegate for Georgia to manufacturing and land conventions, where he always took a leading part in the discussions which related to taxes. In 1908 he was a delegate to the International Tax Convention which met in Canada. Colonel Traylor was three times commissioned a member of the governor's military staff.
(Continued on Page 15-1)

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123

GEORGE ALBERT VEACH

EORCE ALBERT VEACH was the eldest son of James Madison Veach and Julia Ann Echols of Chattooga County. He was born in Chattooga County. Geor gia, April M, 1862. He spent the major pan of his life in Adairsville. Georgia, and after attending the
Dahlonega Military Institute at Dahlonega, Georgia, came back to Adairsville and was identified with every interest for the up building of this section.

After the death of his father, J. M. Veach, who came to Georgia from Virginia, first to Marietta, and then locating in Adairsville--where he brought his bride. Here he spent his life and reared his family, and established the J. >f. Veach Mill ing Company. George became President of the J. M. Veach Milling Company, and associated with him. was his brother. Henry Veach.

George A. Veach was interested in agriculture also, and owned and operated extensive farming interests in North Geor gia, as well as having interest in other activities throughout Tennessee and Georgia. He sen-cd as mayor of Adairsville, as commissioner of Bartow County, and on the board of education for many years.

Mr. Veach married Mattic JL. Dobbins October 13. 1885, and they reared six children--Everette Dobbins Veach, who died November 9, 1927: two daughters. Mrs. Julia Veach Stewart. and Mrs. M. P. Gaines, and a son, J. M. Veach, who make their home in Adairsville. The other son. Grady A. Veach, lives in Marietta, and a daughter, Mrs. R. \V. Milner, in Atlanta.

Mr. Veach was a member of the Adairsville Masonic lodge and the Dalton Commandery of Knights Templae, and for many years took an active interest in Masonry.

Mr. and Mrs. Veach moved to Atlanta in 192-J and a few months later Mrs. Veach died and was

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_______________________

HUGH M. WILLET
LCH M. U'ILLET was born in Penfield. Georgia, July 22, 1S58. He is the son of Joseph E. and Emily (Sanders) \Villet. His father was a disting uished author and educator. His maternal grand father was a noted clergyman and was the first Pres^ ident of Mercer University. He graduated from Mercer University in June 1878 with the degree of A.B. and subsequently received the degree ot LL.D. from the same institution. He began his business ca reer in Macon, Georgia, as a cotlon factor. For five years was with the First National Bank of that city. For seven teen years was Assistant Manager of the New York Life Insur ance Company. He came to Atlanta as General Agent of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company on January 1, 1902 and helped to develop the Agency into one of the largest in the country. He was President of the Georgia Association of Life Underwriters in 1910. He was President of the National Associa tion of Life Underwriters in 1914-1915. He was President of the Atlanta Tuberculosis Association for ten years. Was the first President of the Atlanta Community Chest, serving in that capacity for three years. He is a Trustee of Mercer University, The Atlanta Foundation and the Central Y. M. C. A. He is a member of the Second-Ponce de Leon Baptist Church. He married Lucy Lester of Thomasville (now deceased) December 2 1884. Has one son, Lawrence WJHet. Married Mrs. Annie Thrasher McKenzie (nee Thrasher) of Atlanta, June 27. 1927. Office 1510 Rhodes-Haverty Building. Home 1690 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Georgia.

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GEORGE WINSHIP

EORCE WINSHIP, manufacturer and financier, was born in Clinton, Jones County, Ga., December 20,
1835. His parents were Joseph and Emily (Hutchings) Winship, and on both the paternal and ma ternal side his ancestry goes back to colonial sires in the colonies of Massachusetts and Virginia. On his father's
side his earliest American ancestor was Edward Winship, who came from England early in 1634, and settled at Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was one of the original members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston, having been recruited for that company in 1638. He was also selectman
from 1637 to 1654, and representative for the years 1663-1664 and 1681-1686. The descendants of Edward Winship and the ancestors of George Winship served with distinction in the In dian wars of Colonial times and in the Revolutionary War.

On his mother's side, Mr. Winship's earliest American ances

tor was Rev. Haute Wyatt, who came from England in the good ship George, landing at Jamestown, Va., October 1621, in com

pany with his brother, Sir Francis Wyatt, the Governor of Jamestown, and becoming minister

to the Governor during his first administration. Among other ancestors of Mr. Winship's mother were John Hutchings, of Norfolk, one of the signers of the charter of that city, granted in 1735, and John Bonner and Richard Cate, who were heads of old Virginia families, well known and

highly honored before and during the Revolutionary period.

It is thus seen that in the veins of Mr. Winship the best blood of New England Puritan and Virginia Cavalier is mingled. If there be anything in heredity the strong, grave, devout man that

he is might have been expected from such an ancestry.

He has been thrice married; first, to Mary Eugenia Speer on November 14, 1860, by whom

four children were born to him; second, to Lula Lane, October 14, 1879, by whom two children

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Continued on Page 154 ___________________________

ROBERT WINSHIP
OBERT WI.VSHIP, son of Joseph and Emily Hutchings Winship, was born in Forsyth, Ga., September 27, 1834. He received his education in the schools of Jones and Morgan Counties.
In the early fifties his father, who had operated a cotton gin manufactory in the southern part of the state, moved with his family to Atlanta and established the Winship Ma chine Works and associated his two sons, Robert and George, with him in the enterprise.
During the war the machine works were used to manufac ture guns for the Confederate army. After the war, the manu facture of cotton gin machinery was resumed and in 1873 Rob ert's father retired and the firm became Winship and Brother. It was afterwards incorporated as Winship Machine Company.
In 1884 Robert Winship retired from active business on ac count of his health. Prior to that time he had been among the most active and enterprising of Atlantans, and during his long and successful career won for himself a high place in the estima tion of his fellow citizens.
In 1860 Mr. Winship married Miss Mary Frances Overby, the daughter of Colonel B. H. Overby, a prominent attorney of this city. He had one son, Charles R. Winship and three daughters, Mrs. Ernest Woodruff, Mrs. Wilson Alien Bates and Mrs. George Calhoun Walters.
Mr. Winship died September 8, 1899.

1837 -- ATLANTA CENTENNIAL-- 1037

125

CHARLES ROBERT WINSHIP
HARLES R. WINSHIP was a representative ot one of Atlanta's most prominent old families, a family that has been identified with the city's industrial growth and development for three-quarters of a century, as well as the history of Georgia, with which its connection dates back to an early period.
It was in 1853, when Joseph \Vinship, the grandfather of Charles R. \Vinship, established his business of manufacturing machinery in Atlanta, and from that enterprise there has been developed, through three generations of the family, what is now the Atlanta plant of the Continental Gin Company. Jo seph Winship purchased a tract of land in Atlanta, fronting on Peachtrec Street and extending back to what is now Ivy Street. This purchase was made in the early days and at a time when it was remote from other habitations. He built his homo on the present site of the Howard Theatre, which was a part of the tract, and resided there for a number of years.
Joseph Winship sold this property shortly after the close of the War Between the States, as a means of financing his business which had suffered greatly during that conflict. His sons, Robert and George, became connected with the business and succeeded their father in its management and control when he retired, which was a few years before his death in the Fall of 1878. At this time the firm name became Winship & Brother and so remained until 1884, when it was incorporated as the Winship Machine Company, with George Winship as president and Robert Winship as vice-president. When the latter retired from business he was succeeded by his son, Charles R.
Robert Winship was born in Forsyth, Georgia, and in 1860 was married to Miss Mary Fran ces Ovcrby, who was also a native Georgian, having been born in Jefferson. Jackson County. He
(Continued on Page 1">6)

DAVID WOODWARD
TLANT.VS highest interests suffered a grievous loss in the passing of David Woodward.
Since he cast in his lot with this city at the outset of his notable business career 51 years ago, his devotion to its welfare was never found want ing. A native of Watertown, Connecticut, he brought to his adopted home the heritage of a sturdy Xew England ancestry and the spirit of one who delighted in brave beginnings. The South was then just catching its new stride and Atlanta was in the morn of fresh adventure. Our commonwealth has drawn some of its finest sinews of New England, men who identified themselves wholeheartedly with its fortunes and traditions- Such a one was David Woodward.
Mr. Woodward first entered the lumber business with W. B. Disbro and when this firm was dissolved after many successful years, he organized the Woodward Investment Com pany, an enterprise in which he was engaged at his death.
For twenty-five years Mr. Woodward served on the board of the old Fourth National Bank and when this institution was merged with the Atlanta and Lowry National Bank to form the First National Bank he was elected to the board of the greatly enlarged banking house.
As the head of large industrial and investment concerns and a director in leading financial institutions, he was known for his initiative and foresight, as well as for sound judgment and administration talent; his word was ever his bond. But his greater life work lies beyond and
(Continued on Page 156)

I 8.H7 - A T 1. A X T A (: K X T K \ N I A L -- 1 I37
WILLIAM H. WRIGLEY
.I.IAM HKNKY \\'RK;IIV. born in 1'liiladelphia in lHli'2. was educated in the grammar schools of St. Louis. Mo., later becoming a member ol the stereo typing department ol ihetllobc Democrat, the lirsi f^pm^V| lni) ].|,i n j, newspaper in St. Louis. During the Cot ton .State's Exposition in Atlanta. Mr. H. H. Cabiness. then general manager ol the Atlanta Journal, engaged Mr. \Vrigley to take over the stereotyping department ol the Journal.
In the earlier days of illustrations in newspapers. Mr. \Vrigley and /it's brothers. Joseph and John, who were connected with the 1 Constitution and the* old Ben r'ranklin Printing Com pany then, lotnul means to better the c[itality ol making original engravings lor their respective publishing houses, and started in the photo engraving business in Atlanta, founding the \Vriglcy Engraving Company in IS'Jfi. From this time on. the two Atlanta'newspapers were ec|tial to any ol the national news papers pic tonally, as they had practical photo engravers as well as practical makers of the curved plates necessary from which to print speedy productive papers. Since the- earlier days ol photo engraving, a duplicating printing plate process was added, known as elec trot\jiing.'and Mr. U'rigley and his brothers also pioneered in this particular pro cess. At the time ol Mr. U'rigley's death in lil'JS. he was the president of the old U'riglev Engrav ing Company, which later was reorganised by his sons into U'riglcy Klectrotyping and Stereotyp ing Corp.. and the U'riglev Company. Artists and I'hoto Engravers. These two linns are now in

JAMES O. WYNN

* AMIS O. U'YMV, who was a leader iu the insurance world ol the South and who was signally success ful in various other enterprises, was born April 15. IS">;J. in San Jose, Cal.. the son ol A. M. and
*^ .\faria Howanl U'ynn. His father was a beloved Methodist minister, and went 10 California in the rush ol "lorty-nine" as a missionary, but returned to the South ami founded the \Vesley Memorial Church at Savannah, Ga.

Mr. \Vvnn attended the Savannah schools and then en-

old Kn

,vh<

i Oxitml.

Georgia. Aher gradual ion in his literary coui'se he bewail

the study ol law and because of his keen mind! and close

application to his work he was able io complete the toursc

within six months. He began the practice of his profession

and was demonstrating unusual legal ability when his health

failed and he ahondoned it He later became interested in

the insurame business, and in this tonnection his work was

outstanding.

He persuaded the 1'rrnnddeennttiial IInsurance Company to CHUT the Southern field anid he belame ihc manager Jor seven or eighi Southern Slates in ibis territory. It is said that when the Prudential tontract was pi-ottered him Mr. \Vyiin refusal to accept it, but drew up his
own contrail which, to the surprise ol the insurance men of the city, was accepted by Mr. John !". Oryden. the president. A close personal friendship developed between Mr. Dryden and .Mr. \V%nn. On <mr occasion Mr. \Vynn tv.'ts e^ntertaining the president and directors of ihe I*ri'-
dential Company :u a dinner in Atlanta, and Mr. Dryden. on behalf of himself and ihe <Hra'tors. presented Mr. \Vynn with a handsome watch. This gift always remained one of his treasured possessions.

1837-Ax LA XT A CENTENNIAL-1937

127

ALBERT S. ADAMS-Gominucd from Page %
ing in the people of a. spirit of business comradeship whereby each helped the other and fostered the entire commercial fabric. He is said to have had not an enemy and to have been able to count his friends as the leaves of the trees. His death was an irreparable loss to them all and left a serious void in the business life of Georgia.
He xvas born in Mobile, Alabama, January 16, 1879, a son of Edward Reneau Adams, a cot ton broker, whose death occurred in 1921, and of Ida (Sheldon) Adams. The ancestors of the Adams family came from England in Colonial days and settled in Xew England, afterward mi grating to Georgia. Edward R. came from Mississippi and in his early "teens enlisted in the Con federate army and served gallantly during the Civil War. Albert Sheldon Adams came to Atlanta when he was seventeen years of age and became a shipping clerk in the Moore ft Marsh \Vholesalc Dry Goods Company, where he remained for ten years, during which the firm made many changes and Mr. Adams rose to a position of responsibility with that organization. His active mind visioned the ultimate growth of the city and he decided upon real estate as his life occu pation. His first venture was xvith B. M. Grant, under the firm name of B. M. Grant it Com pany. Later the title was changed to B. M. Grant-A. S. Adams Company and, in 1919. Mr. Grant withdrew while his place was filled by Alvin B. Gates, under the title of A. S. Adams-Gates Com pany. He was devoted to the success of the Boy Scouts of America and lost no opportunity to help that organization in every way he might. He was an equally hard worker for his masonic brothers and led the campaign that obtained the funds for the erection of the temple of the Mystic Shrine in Atlanta. He was elected to fellowship in the local Rotary Club long before the World War and, after an active part in many of the activities, he was made president of the or ganization, serving during 1914 and 1915. At the Kansas City convention in 1918 he was elected first vice-president of Rotary International and in the following year, at Salt Lake City, he was elected to the presidency of the international organization, the only man from the South ever to have held that distinguished office. He was president of the Atlanta Real Estate Board and had been vice-president and president of the Georgia State Board. His choice of recreations were travel, golf and a game of cards with close friends. During the World War he was active in his aid, giving generously to every good cause and promoting the spirit of patriotism in every way he xvas able. As a director of the Chamber of Commerce he xvas valuable and he xvas a member of the First Methodist Church of Atlanta. He xvas a Democrat in politics and had declined a nom ination for the mayoralty of Atlanta. He belonged to the order of Free and Accepted Masons, in xvhich he xvas affiliated xvith the Knights Templar and xvith the Ancient Arabic Order No bles of the Mystic Shrine. Many of his happiest hours xvere those that he devoted to the Boy Scouts, an organization in which he took an intense interest and which he was ever ready to serve to the full of his great ability. He served as president of the Boy Scout Council for years, and it is in his memory that the nexv camp xvas named. He xvas also a director of the National Real Estate Board. His death occurred in Atlanta. Georgia, December 31, 1926.
Albert Sheldon Adams married, in Atjanta, October 16, 1907, Hortense Home, daughter of Charles Daniel Home, a contracting engineer, among xvhose xvorks xvas the erection of the State Capitol building and the saving of a large portion of the appropriation, xvhich he turned back to the commonxvealth. Their children are: Hortcnse, Albert, Jr.. Constance, Eleanore. Edxvard.
WALTER P. AXDREWS-Cominucd from Page %
School at Mpnroe, N. C. Having then determined on a legal career, he xvent to Washington and Lee University in September, 1890, and there by ability and indefatigable industry, he xvas able to complete the txvo-year course in one year, and received his LL.B. degree in June, 1891.
He came to Atlanta in the fall of 1891, and began conducting a general practice xvhich met xvith marked success. He had those qualities that make for success--the ability to make friends and ability to keep them by rendering to them and the community the highest possible service. That his xvorth xvas appreciated is evidenced by the honors that have been accorded him. Dur ing 19)5-1916 he xvas a member of the General Assembly of Georgia, and in 1917-1918 he served as State Senator. He was lieutenant-colonel on the staff of Governor Terrell from 1903 to 1907. He xvas honored in 1913 by President Wilson xvith an appointment as commissioner general to the Mediterranean and Balkan states, together with two other commissioners, in the interests of the Panama-Pacific Exposition held in San Francisco, Calif., in 1915.
Colonel Andrexvs' most characteristic xvork xvas in connection xvith fraternal orders and civic and social organizations. A magnetic speaker, possessing enthusiasm, zeal, and belief in the cause

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1837 --ATLANTA C E x TE N N i A L--1937

he represented, he was in constant demand by many associations who sought his aid in presenting the cause they sponsored. He responded loyally and generously to these appeals. He was a mem ber of the First Methodist Church, the Atlanta Athletic Club, the Piedmont Driving Club, the Capital City Club, and many other social and civic organizations.
He was a Mason of the 32nd degree, a Knight Templar, and a Shriner. The highest honor in the gift of the local Shrine was bestowed on him by the Vaarab Temple when he was elected potentate for the period of 1915-1917.
Even more outstanding has been his avtivitics with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He served in practically every official capacity with the local order, and held many national executive positions. He was Exalted Ruler of the Elks of Atlanta for two terms and during this time the membership was increased by 600 members. He served as District Deputy, president State Association, member of Judiciary of Grand Lodge, and for five years was Justice of Grand Forum of Grand Lodge. In July, 1929, the National Order of Elks bestowed on him the highest mark of their confidence and appreciation when he was elected Grand Exalted Ruler of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the U. S. During the national convention in At lantic City. July, 1930, he presided over the Grand Lodge Convention as Grand Exalted Ruler. In this capacity as Grand Exalted Ruler of the Elks his fine personal character, his broad vision, and vast resources enabled him to accomplish much, not only in the order of Elkdom but for the citizenry of our country, as in his activities he exemplified the attitude and beliefs of a dis tinguished citizen who stood for the moral principles which form the foundation of our govern ment and of our nation's success.
Colonel Andrews was married to Miss Leontinc Chisholm, of Atlanta, in 1899. She was a charming and popular belle of Georgia society, and was admired both for her beauty and grace of manner. For years their home was a center of social life in Atlanta where Mrs. Andrews pre sided as a charming and gracious hostess, dispensing genuine southern hospitality.
Mr. Andrews died March 16, 1935, and is survived by his wife, who now makes her home in Daytona Beach, Florida.
WILLIAM BATTLE BAKER-Contimicd from Page 97
cotton fertilizer industry in Pike County. He was thus engaged until he reached the age of twenty-two years, working for Treadwell, Abbott & Company and other corporations, and in 1890 went to Baltimore, Maryland, entering the service of the John A. Horncr Company, whole sale dry goods merchants. After a few months Mr. Horncr sent him out on the road to sell goods and notwithstanding his lack of experience and the many obstacles placed in his path by some of the older employes of the firm, he soon became a fair salesman, building up a fine trade in a territory which had hitherto proved a very unprofitable field. He remained with the com pany until 1902 and then embarked in the ice business, locating at Macon. Georgia. The venture proved a success and eventually the business was absorbed by the Atlantic Ice & Coal Corpora tion, of which Mr. Baker was made auditor and secretary. Two years later he assumed the duties of vice-president and general manager and in 1913 became president. The growth and development of this corporation represents a magnificent tribute to its management, which largely reflects Mr. Baker's native genius for organization.
Throughout life, Mr. Baker constantly endevored to widen his field of usefulness and at the age of thirty took up the study of economics in its relation to the various problems of the age, gradually absorbing the knowledge that made him one of the foremost business men in the south. He delivered many lectures on this subject at the University of Georgia and has contrib uted many valuable books to the library of the School of Economics of the university. He readily perceived the necessity for a law regulating the practice of public accounting and after a period of intensive study evolved the plan from which has emanated the present state law governing certified public accountants, which insures only the most expert services to those institutions requiring the aid of such individuals.
Mr. Baker was married in Pike County, Georgia, March 22, 1892, to Mrs. Perla Pope, a daughter of Judge J. S. Pope, and a member of one of the old and highly respected families of the state. They have become the parents of two sons, Dr. William Pope Baker and Ernest B. Baker.
Mr. Baker was affiliated with St. Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church, and his political views are in accord with the principle of the democratic party. He was chosen president of the Geor gia Manufacturers Association and filled that office for four years, when he resigned. He be-

1837-ATLANTA CENTENNIAL- 1937________129
longed to the Capital City Club and was a Royal Arch Mason, an Elk and a Knight of Pyihias. He possessed an infinite capacity for taking pains and excels in every line of activity to which he turned his attention. The thoroughness of his knowledge upon any subject in which he took an interest was one of his outstanding characteristics. Mr. Baker was a keen analyst of men and conditions and never failed to inspire respect for his talents, confidence in his integrity and ad miration for his firmness of character. He was the architect of his fortunes, erecting a stnicture worthy of a master builder, and was classed with those men of vision. poisV and courage who have made the "New South" an actuality. Gifted with a keen business insight and a broad grasp of affairs, Mr. Baker had a career of unusual activity. The elements were happily blended in the rounding out of his nature; for he united the refinements of life with the sterner qualities of manhood, and his labors have been manifestly resultant.
Mr. Baker died September 25, 1932. survived by his wife and children.
MAXWELL Rt'Ft'S BERRY-Conliimcd from P.IRC '.17
deceased, were Mrs. \V. M. Crumley. Mrs. E. P. McBurney. Mrs. H. P. Scales. Mrs. Chas. O. T\ner, and C. M. Berry.
On August 14th. the Atlanta Journal said editorially:
Atlanta loses one of her oldest, wealthiest ad most representative citizens in the death oj M. R. Berry who passed away early Friday morning in the 87th year of his age.
Mr. Berry was a native of \orth Carolina but came tn Georgia fit an earl\ age. Without influ ence or fortune, he began to can'e out his career. It wns ill health which induced him to move to Atlanta, more than half a century ago, and after a period spent in farming in what was then a dis tant suburb of the city, he entered business with a firm of contractors.
It was here that he formed his real vocation, and, coupled with an abiding faith in Atlanta, he confirmed to prosper. Many of the notable public buildings of the city are monumrntf to his skill. It was the firm of which he was a jnembet which erected not only the present Kimhall House, but its predecessor which was destroyed by fire.
The house in which he died was one which he had owned and continunusi: aft it pied for half a century.
He was a jnan of retiring disposition, and yet deeply interested in eivry movement which af fected the welfare of Atlanta. His success in life was the result of his own good judgment, ability and faith in the city. He was h'.'ld in the warmest esteem by all who knew him and his death was deeply deplored.
The morals of this fine old man's simple way of living needs to be impressed upon the youth of this fast age.
In all the relationship of life he was characterized by the standards of uprightness
He was loyal to the old code ot ethics. He kept in the old paths of business conservatism. And having put his house in order, he was prepared to leave it when the final summons came--not in sullenncss but like one "who wraps the drapery of his couch about him and lies down to pleasant dreams."
El T.EM; BLACK-Cominucri from Page 98
charitable institutions, and his renown as a superb speaker made him in demand ai banquets and public meetings not only in Atlanta but in other dties as well.
He was a member of the Capital City. Atlanta Athletic, Piedmont Driving and Druid Hills Golf Clubs. He was a member of the Chi Phi fraternity.
Despite the fact that he was a man of varied and pressing business interests. Mr. Black found time to take a leading part in enriching the cultural life of Atlanta. He was one of the founders and served in 1927 as first president of the Atlanta Civic Music Association, which was instrumen tal in bringing many concert artists here.
Mr. Black served as president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce in 1920, and his presi dential record is one of the finest in the history of the local Chamber. He directed a successful membership campaign, aided in the 1920 census, and helped settle strikes of street car employes and railway clerks. He also co-operated in the work of the joint City and County Planning Com mission, and sponsored city traffic regulation.
On May 5, 1897, he married Miss Gussic Grady. of Atlanta, daughter of the immortal editor, Henry W. Grady.
Mr. Black died on December 19, 1934, and is survived by his wife, three children, Eugene R. Black, Jr.; Henry Grady Black, and Mrs. Walter H. Wellborn.

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MORRIS BRANDON--Continued from 1'agc 98
when the senior member withdrew, and Mr. Bramlon formed a partnership with John A. Hynds. The firm is now Brandon, Hynds and Tindall.
Mr. Brandon was elected to represent Fulton County in the Georgia Assembly in 1898 and was instrumental in promoting measures of benefit to the commonwealth. From 1904 until 1907 he was one of the police commissioners of Atlanta and in the latter year was chairman of the board. He is one of the trustees of Vanderbilt University and a director of a number of important cor porations. In December, 1918, he was chosen by the Georgia Supreme Court as chairman of the state board of examiners of applicants for admission to the bar, succeeding Alexander C. King, who had resigned because of his appointment as solicitor-general of the United States by Presi dent Wilson.
On June 1, 1892, was solemnized the marriage of Morris Brandon and Miss Harriet Inman. a daughter of \Valker P. and Harriet Cordelia Inman, members of one of the most influential families of Atlanta. Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Brandon three are now living, namely, Morris, Jr., Walker Inman, and Nathan Christopher.
Mr. Brandon is a slrong advocate of the principles of the democratic party, and in Masonry has taken the thirty-second degree. He is identified with the Scottish Rite bodies and the Mystic Shrine, and is also connected with the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He belongs to the Atlanta City, Gcoigia State, and American Bar Associations, and along social and recreational lines is affiliated with the Piedmont Driving Club and the Capital City Club. At Vanderbilt he joined the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.
JL'DCE ANDREW E. CALHOUN'-Continucd from Page 99
and his familiar figure will long be missed from the halls of the court house where he daily was wont to make his way to the bench he so gracefully adorned and from which he said and did so much that has made his life a component part of the city's history.
It might be said of "Judge Andy" as Leigh Hunt said of "Abau Ben Adhem":
"... I pray thee, then. Write me as one that loves his fellow-men."
ASA GRICCS CANDLER-Confirmed from Page JOO
prominent part in the discussion of all public questions and such political matters as concerned the interests of the commonwealth and the future of our national life.
He represented, at different times, Cherokee and Carroll counties in the State Legislature. He was first elected in 1835. to represent Cherokee County. For several terms afterwards, he rep resented Carroll County, in which county he spent much of his life. He was also, for two terms, elected State Senator from his district. He was a member of the National Democratic Convention which met at Charleston, S. C., in 1860, and he was an ardent supporter of Stephens A. Douglas. He served as a soldier in the war with the Seminole Indians in Florida, in 1836. Mr. Candler's ancestors came from England and Ireland and settled in Georgia.
Asa Griggs Candler, the subject of this sketch, attended his first school at six years of age, Jan uary, 1857. He continued at school until 1861, the beginning of the Civil War. As there were no schools in the community during the war, his education was stopped until 1867, except such help as came to him from home reading and home study. This was greatly interrupted by the constant marauding by the soldiers of one army or the other, as much time was taken in hiding stock and provisions from pillaging and pitiless foragers.
In 1867 he attended school at Huntsville, Ala., for one year. The succeeding year, 1868. he spent as a regular field laborer on the farm. He then spent one more year at school. July 1, 1870, he apprenticed himself to a druggist until January, 1873. He was "the boy of all work" during the day. He studied medical books at night. He slept on a cot in the back room of the durg store in which he was employed in Cartersville. Seven days after the expiration of his service as an ap prentice. January 7, 1873, he left Cartersville to go, he knew not where, in search of better op portunities to leam more thoroughlv to become a druggist. He stopped in Atlanta and began to look for work. All day and until nine o'clock at night, he walked the streets, entering each drug store as he came to it, asking for a chance to make a start. At that hour of the night he found an opening, but no salary was promised until he could prove himself worthy of compensation. He went to work the moment the agreement was entered upon and worked until midnight, at which

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time ihe proprietor of the store, Mr. George Howard, directed the business closed for the night. Mr. Candler remained with Mr. Howard until November, 1873, not quite one year, when the
death of his father made it necessary for him to return to the farm to aid his mother in caring for the four brothers that had not yet become self-supporting. He and his next younger brother took charge of the farm, putting it in good condition, to be sold.
In January, 1875, he returned to his position in the store of Mr. Howard. The place had been kept open for him as chief clerk. In this relation he remained until 1877, when he entered the drug business on his own account, forming a partnership with M. B. Hallman. under the firm name of Hallman and Candler. This partnership continued until 1882, when he bought out Mr. Hallman's interest and continued the business under the name of Asa G. Candler and Company. Mr. Candler owned the entire interest.
April. 1882, he sold a half interest in his business to his former employer, Mr. George J. How ard, and it was continued under the firm name of Howard and Candler, until January, 1886, when he bought Mr. Howard's interest and again conducted the business under the name of Asa G. Candler and Company, until 1890, when he closed out the stock of drugs, amounting in value to nearly 50,000. He changed his business for the purpose of manufacturing the then scarcely known soda fountain beverage, Coca-Cola. In this business he continued alone until February, 1892, when the Coca-Cola Company was incorporated. Mr. Candler became president of the company.
Mr. Candler's first investment, outside of his immediate business, was made in Atlanta real estate in 1878. He bought property for 53,000 that paid him a handsome profit. From that time he had been constantly able to make investments on the outside that paid him handsomely.
Mr. Candler was known to be one of the most successful business men of his day. He was the very embodiment of system in his planning and management. Everything he did was the expres sion of method. He was broad in his conceptions, and whilst he was a master of detail, he was equal to the solution of the most comprehensive propositions. He understood thoroughly how to get his business before the public and how to secure patronage. He spent each year, for the adver tisement of Coca-Cola, an amount of money that most people would be quite willing to retire upon. His whole being was business. It must be distinctly understood that Mr. Candler did not conduct his business in the narrow spirit of objectionable commercialism. He did not make money just 10 hoard money with any narrow spirit, as his generosity was as broad as the demands that came to him, and his gifts and his benevolences were as free as his energies were active to accu mulate.
He w-as an active and devout member of the Methodist Church, having joined the church in 1869, at about eighteen years of age. In 1874 he was made a steward in his church. In May, 1890. he was elected treasurer of the Georgia Sunday School Association.
The following year he was elected secretary of the Association, and in 1905 he was made presi dent.
From 1895 to 1900 he represented Georgia on the Executive Committee of the International Sunday School Association. In 1900 he was chairman of the Finance Committee of Emory Col lege. He was treasurer of the Board of Missions of the North Georgia Methodist Conference. All these positions show the confidence of the people in Mr. Candler's business ability and their appreciation of his devotion to religious enterprises. He gave to ihe duties of the positions he held the same care and consideration that he did to his personal investments. Outside of his personal benevolence, these objects received the benefit of his splendid business ability and thus, his church and the educational institution he represented had their business interests greatly en larged because of his helpful efforts.
Mr. Candler was a very pronounced Democrat, but he had never sought or held any public position, except as Lieutenant of Cavalry in the State Militia.
January 15, 1878, he married Miss Lucy E. Howard, the daughter of Mr. George J. Howard, the man who first gave him business employment. To this marriage there were born five children.
To the young, Mr. Candler commended: "Begin early to look for an ideal Christian character who has lived and is dead. Study closely the elements of that life. Be punctual, sober, industri ous and studious. Let no present comfort or convenience deter or deflect you from virtue."
Mr. Candler's death occurred March 12, 1929. He left an imperishable influence for righteous ness and civic progressiveness.

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WILLIAM CAMlLER-Continucd from Page 100
appointed to the committee for consideration of inter-governmental war debts.
The management of his own affairs required a large share of his time. At the age of 37, Mr. Candler was secretary and treasurer of the Coca-Cola Company; president of the Callan-Court Company and the Candler Lumber Company; vice-president of the Atlanta Baggage and Cab Co.; director of the Bowman-Biltmore Hotel Corporation; vice-president of ihc New York CocaCola Bottling Company; director of the Southern Banking Company, the Mutual Savings Com pany, the old Atlanta and Lowry National Bank, and Asa G. Candler, Inc.
His favorite enterprise was the Atlanta Biltmore Hotel, in which, at one time, he had invested a total of SC,287,500. He was responsible for the property continuing its operation through the dull days of the depression. At one time, explaining he had acted on the suggestion of bankers, Mr. Candler burned $1,766,000 in bonds of the Biltmore which he had purchased at a price above par "to strengthen the financial position of the hotel." Later Mr. Candler had to fight a court battle to re-establish the bonds and maintain his interest in the hotel and from that time continued in control.
Atlanta owes a debt to this lovable man of vision that she can never repay. At the time of his tragic death on October 2, 1936, he was president of the hotel organization and active mana ger of the property. His interest was recognized by the courts which made him receiver of the property and by the stockholders who had continued him as president.
He is survived by his wife, the former Miss Bennie Teabeaut; a son, William Candler, Jr., and a daughter, Mrs. W. H. Chambers.
CHARLES ASHMORF. CONKl.IN-Conliimcd from Page 10]
metals and wholesale dealers in tinner's supplies. He held this connection until 1888 when he withdrew to organi/e a company of his own.
In 1888 he came to Atlanta and established a similar business of which he was sole owner. With true pioneer spirit he entered the field where very few in his line had ventured and developed a business that opened up new vistas in industrial progress and advanced the growth of the new South. The business rapidly expanded, and justified the belief Mr. Conklin had in the South when he made his initial venture here. In 1900 Mr. Conklin sold the manufacturing part of his business to the American Can Company of N. Y. The business of sheet metals and allied products is continued under the original name of Conklin Tinplate and Metal Company, of which firm Mr. Conklin was president until his death.
Mr. Conklin was not only a leader among his contemporaries, but his ideas regarding capital and labor were most advanced. He was one of the first in this section of the country to give an interest in the business to the employees. He helped all worth-while movements and was a large contributor to charitable organizations. He was a prominent leader in the activities of AH Saints Episcopal Church. He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Piedmont Driving Club, Druid Hills Club, and Capital City Club. For years he served as Commodore of the Moosehead Lake Yacht Club at Kineo, Maine, where he had his summer home. Mr. Conklin was noted as a sportsman, being especially a successful angler and hunter of big game.
He was married first October, 1880, to Miss Mary Virginia Lyon of Baltimore, the daughter of his partner, William L. Lyon, the children of this marriage are: the late Charles Ashmorc Conk lin, Jr., and two grandchildren, Katherine Conklin, now Mrs. Edgar Edmond Thompson, and Charles Ashmorc Conklin. III. of Baltimore, Md. He later married Miss Anne Lamar Mays, daughter of Thomas Sumter Mays of Edgefield, S. C., and Florida, and Susan Lipscomb Waldo Mays of Newberry, S. C. Daniel Edwards Conklin of Atlanta is the son of this marriage.
Mr. Conklin, who has been one of the dominant figures in the city's affairs for more than -10 years, died July 20, 1929, at the age of 81 years.
JOHN J. EACAN-Continucd from Page 101
the founders of the American Cast Iron Pipe Company and fosteerree'd its development from an insignificant institution to one of the greatest concerns of its kind ii n the entire world.
That remarkable growth was due largely to the work of Mr. Eagan. He was chairman of the

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board of directors, later vice-presidem, and for several years had served as president, of the great

industry.

Mr. Eagan's desire during his entire business life was to translate, as far as possible, the spirit and teachings of Jesus Christ into his industrial relations.

John J. Eagan, with Marion Jackson, a close friend and co-worker since boyhood, was largely responsible for the new Atlanta Y. M. C. A. building opened in 19H.

Mr. Eagan was an elder in the Central Presbyterian Church, and served as superintendent of the Central Presbyterian Sunday School for more than 20 years. He was tireless in all forms of church work, and was very liberal in his support of the Central Presbyterian, of which he had been a member since boyhood.

The scope of his religious activities is shown by the fact that he was a member of the execu tive committee of the Federation of Churches of America, composed of all Protestant churches in the country, and operating along lines similar to those carried out by the Christian Council in this city.

Existence of the Martha Berry School at Rome is due probably only to the assistance of Mr. Eagan.

He was many times urged to become a candidate for public offices, but invariably refused, preferring to carry on his work in his own quiet, unostentatious manner.

Mr. Eagan was married to Miss Susan Young, who, with two children, survive him. He died

March 30, 1924.

_____________

CAPTAIN JAMES WARREN EN'CLlSH-Conlinual from Page 102
the state. He was diligent in business, and was a financier of ability, probably second to none.
His lofty intelligence, sound judgment, and surpassing vision of possibilities were mani fested in various enterprises, and he established a large fortune. His first business venture was the organization of the Chauahoochee Brick Campany of which he continued to be president throughout his life. During the early part of his career he founded and became president of a state bank, the American Trust and Banking Company, taking over the Traders Bank. In 1890 this institution was connected into a national bnk and named the Fourth National Bank. Captain English was the first president of this new organization, and remained president until five years prior to his death, when he resigned, naming his successor. He was then elected chairman of the Board of Directors, which office was created at that time and which he held the remainder of his life. Under his direction it became one of the largest and strongest finan cial institutions in the Southeastern States. In 1929 the Fourth National and the Atlanta and Lowry Bank formed a merger and became the First National Bank of Atlanta. He was in large pan responsible for the organizing of the Atlanta Savings Bank, of which institution he was vice-president and a member of the Board of Directors.
He was the sort of civic leader whose intrepid courage, broad intelligence and tenacious ad herence to high ideals made him the center of outstanding events for more than three score years. He wanted Atlanta to be a happy and progressive city, and his career of usefulness in civic activities brought his desire towards its realization. In 1877 he was elected a member of City Council and from that time until his death his connection with various departments of the city government was almost continuous with the exception of a few intervening years. He was appointed chairman of the Finance Committee, and a member of the Tax Committee. Acting in this capacity he found that a number of floating bonds had been issued, and the city was badly in debt. He recalled these bonds, convened them into & r/i bonds, and restricted the city's expediiures to actual income. He introduced the first ordinance in council which prohibits the city from creating a floating debt.
The location of the state capitol and projected removal to Milledgeville became a matter of urgent import, and Captain English was prevailed on to form a committee in Atlanta's in terest. There were no funds available and at that time there were neither telephones, stenogra phers, nor typewriters, so it involved a tremendous amount of initiative and energy to direct this campaign to a successful fruition. In appreciation of his services the citizens of Atlanta presented him with a silver waiter inscribed: "Atlanta progress, December 5th, 1877, for the cap itol Atlanta, official majority 43,946, presented by his friends to Captain James \V. English, chair man Atlanta Campaign Committee, as a token of appreciation for his distinguished service."
In December, 1881, he was elected Mayor and many notable events occurred during his admin-

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istration. He was instrumental in perfecting plans and completing the Georgia Western Rail road which connected Atlanta with the coal fields in Alabama. The first Cotton Exposition had been conducted largely under his successful financial control; a modern water pumping system was provided; the first permanent street paving of Belgian Blocks was laid; electric fire alarms, police signal systems, and salaried firemen were installed.
His unfaltering determination and his daring courage and ability to cope with a crucial situation was revealed in his handling of the gambling element. Atlanta was fast becoming the mecca for this lawless group, and it was realized by the leaders that this matter must be set tled. Accordingly, orders were given that all such places should close. Unable to get this done, the chief of police was removed by the administration, and a new man appointed. Within 10 days every gambling house in the city was closed and their fixtures and tools attached as evidence. Gradually the element crept in and opened their houses again. This time they were raided by Captain English in person and his aides and all their equipment was piled at Five Points where it was burned in a spectacular fire during a public demonstration. This ended the professional gambling houses in the city.
After his term as Mayor, Captain English retired, but in 1883 he was urged to become a member of the police board. For over thirty consecutive years he continued to be a member of this board, much of that time being spent as its chairman, and his splendid integrity and domi nant character were felt in its functioning.
Captain English had a vital interest in all matters pertaining to humanity. He was firm but tolerant and his lack of stoical indifference led him into active leadership in numerous philan thropic undertakings. He was a prominent factor in practically every undertaking of magni tude for many years. He was one of the first trustees of the Grady Hospital; chairman of the Building Committee of the first Y. M. C. A. and chairman of the Board of Directors for many years; a director and guarantor of the Cotton States and International Exposition, and of the City Auditorium; instrumental with Mr. S. M. Inman and others in the building of the Atlanta Terminal Station and president of the Atlanta Terminal Company in 1905; chairman of the Fi nance Committee for the building of the First Presbyterian Church on Marietta Street, and later advisory member of the Building Committee for the new edifice on Peachtree Street.
In gratifying recognition of the great service he rendered the city he was given the beloved title of "Atlanta's Grand Old Man" during the latter years of his life.
Captain English was married July 25, 1865, to Miss Emily Alexander of Griffin. To this union were born a family of six sons and daughters; three of whom, James W., Edgar, and Edward A., are deceased.
Mrs. English died in 1907 and Captain English passed away February 15, 1925. Surviving this honored couple are a son, Harry L., and two daughters. Emily, who is now Mrs. James D. Robinson, and Jennie, who is Mrs. Gordon P. Kiser.
CAPTAIN EDWARD S. CAY-Continucd from Page 103
was an organizer of the Southern Underwriters' Association and was its president for two years. He was a Royal Arch Mason and a member of the St. Luke's Episcopal Church.
During his long residence in Atlanta and through his prominence in business and social life. Captain Gay endeared himself to hundreds of friends.
Captain Gay is survived by four daughters, Mrs. Inman Sanders, Mrs. Thomas B. Paine, Mrs. John W. Tomerville and Mrs. Philip H. Kunzig, of Philadelphia; and two sons, Ewell and Edward Gay, Jr.
LOUIS GHOLSTIX-Cominucd from Page 103
He aided in the organization of the Atlanta Association of Credit Men and the Atlanta Merchants and Manufacturers' Association, and was identified prominently with the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce.
For several years Mr. Gholstin was a director in the Atlanta Journal Company and was a stockholder and director in several other leading Atlanta business concerns.
Mr. Gholstin began his business career here as a member of the firm of Gholstin & Zachery. wholesale grain dealers. Later he was with the firm of Bowle & Gholstin. For a time he wa^interested in a flour mill at Marietta, and finally organized the Gholstin Spring & Mattress Com pany.
In his death, which occurred May 19, 1917, Atlanta lost one of its most valued citizens. Mr. Gholstin is survived by his daughter, Mrs. Edwin F. Johnson.

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1S5

JCLIUS DEGIVE--Continued from Page IM
much to Atlanta, still docs and ever will. It is in lenvoven in the warp and woof of our pioneer progress--always honorably and effectively. Our finer history and traditions are rich in recollec-

tions of Laurent deGive, and throughout the years Henry and Julius have carried on. Atlanta sus tains a real loss in the death of Julius deGive."
JAMES J. GOODRl'M. JR.-Comimicd from Page 104
success that was marked by warm personal contacts and a knowledge that in existence there is profoundly more than the necessities of business. Yet he understood explicitly the problems of the merchant and the farmer alike, and his counsel was widely sought. He was married twice: (1) October 15, 1914, to Elizabeth Emerson, daughter of James Madison High, of Atlanta. Ga-; and (2) February 20, 1926, to May Elizabeth, daughter of William fames Pattcrson, of Atlanta, Ga. Mr. Goodrum died at Atlanta. Ga., June 4. 1928.
JAMES R. GRAY-Cominucd from Page 105
Smith in 1900. In September of that year he became general manager and editor of the paper. In 1905 he bought the controlling interest in The Journal and soon afterwards was elected president and editor, which position he held until his death.
Mr. Gray was noted for his intense love of his family. Xo man was ever wrapped up more com pletely in his loved ones.
Toward the members of The Journal his spirit was the same as toward his family, and Mr. Gray was sincerely loved by his employes.
He was a director of the Atlanta Freight Bureau, president of the corporation that built the Atlanta Auditorium and was instrumental in launching Atlanta's first spring music festival, which later developed into Atlanta's annual week of Grand Opera by the Metropolitan. He took a lead ing part in the raising of an endowment fund of S250.000 for Oglethorpe University in Atlanta.
He likewise supported the raising of the fund for Agnes Scott College and the new V. M. C. A. Building.
While he took an active interest in politics as editor, he never had a desire for public office. As an editor and publisher, Mr. Gray enjoyed national prominence. He had served on many important committees of the Associated Press and of the American Newspaper Publishers. He belonged to the leading clubs of Atlanta and took a lively interest in golf. He fished in the Maine woods and made regular fishing trips to Florida. He also was very fond of quail shoot ing. He took a great pleasure in automobile touring. Mr. Gray came of Presbyterian stock and was a lifelong member of the denomination, his membership being in the North Avenue Presbyterian Church. Mr. Gray died on June 25, 1917 and is survived by his wife, three daughters, Mrs. E. D. A. Pearce, Mrs. T. M. Brumby, Jr., Mrs. J. A. Gallogly, and two sons, Walker Inman Gray and James Richard Gray, Jr.

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HENRY WOODFIN GRADY-Conlinued from Page 105
editor and one-third owner of the Atlanta Herald. Although the Herald was generally regarded as the liveliest newspaper in Georgia, it was operated on too ambitious a scale for the stringent financial period which followed the Panic of 1873, and in 1876 the paper suspended publication. A few months later Grady joined the staff of the Atlanta Constitution, then edited by Gaptain Evan P. Howcll.
Grady's genius now came to full flower. In November 1876 he was sent by the New York Herald and the Constitution to cover the Hayes-Tilden election frauds in Florida. Outshining some of the country's best newspaper correspondents on this assignment, he again went to Florida in 1878 and obtained exclusively for the Constitution and the Herald the confessions of the principals in the 1876 frauds--a "scoop" for which James Gordon Bennett paid him SI,000.
It was as a correspondent for various American newspapers between 1876 and 1880 that Grady really entered upon the great work of his life--that of developing the agricultural and industrial resources of the South and of bringing about a better understanding with the North. He toured the South, writing articles on Southern development for the New York Herald and other North ern newspapers, and he went frequently to the North, sending back his impressions of that section and its leaders to the Constitution. Thus he carried out the plea of another great Southern states man, L. Q. C. Lamar, who said, "My countrymen, know each other better and you will love each other."
In 1880 Crady bought a one-fourth interest in the Constitution. He now became managing editor of this paper and a directing genius of Atlanta's destinies. As editor of the Atlanta Herald he had helped to inspire the building of the city's first cotton mill. He now turned his efforts to publicizing the International Cotton Exposition of 1881, which brought millions in new cap ital to the South. He put the Public Library on its feet; he was the inspiration of a lecture asso ciation and of the Piedmont Chatauqua; he led in the construction of Atlanta's first Y. M. C. A. building; he held in his office the meetings that brought the Georgia School of Technology to Atlanta; he was responsible for the building of the Confederate Soldiers' Home; he managed General John B. Gordon's campaign for the governorship in 1886; he gave Atlanta its first or ganized baseball. The Piedmont Expositions of 1887 and 1889. great incentives to the industrial development of the South, were products of his labor. He brought success to a hundred forward movements in his city and slate.
Because of his recogni/ed leadership as a Southern editor. Grady was invited, in 1886, to address the banquet of the New England Society in New York on "The New South." The brilliance of his speech and the charm of the speaker brought him national fame overnight; thereafter he was besieged with invitations from all sections of the country, and he was frequently mentioned as a vice-presidential candidate and even as a presidential possibility. The editor turne'l a deaf car, however, to all talk of political preferment, adhering to the belief expressed in 1882 that he could serve his country better as a private citizen and a journalist.
Among Grady's other speeches during the period of his greatest fame and influence were "The South and Her Problems," at Dallas, Tcx.. October, 1888. and an address on a similar theme before (he Georgia and South Carolina legislatures at the Augusta (Ga.) Exposition, Novem ber, 1888; "Against Centrali/ation," at the University of Virginia, June 1889; "The Farmer and the Cities," Elberton, Ga., June 1889; and "The Race Problem," before the Boston (Mass.) Merchants' Association, December, 1889.
On the Boston trip Grady contracted the pneumonia which resulted in his death in Atlanta on December 23, 1889. The monument on Henry Grady Square in Atlanta was erected in 1891 from the contributions which poured in from nearly every state in the Union and from ever)' county in Georgia as an expression of the nation's grief. A few blocks from the monument is the Grady Hospital, which was built by popular subscription simultaneously with the monu ment and which was presented to the city in 1892. "Every skyscraper which rises in the aston ishing cities of the New South is in a real sense a monument to Grady and his genius," said a national magazine several years ago. But the most enduring monument of all is in the hearts of the people whom Grady genuinely loved and who, in turn, loved him.--Raymond B. \'ixon, Professor of Journalism, Emory University.
COLONEL JOHN T. GRANT-Cominucd from Page 106
many worthy causes of which he would take no thanks. His domestic life was ideal in its con geniality and mutual love. He was married on December 13, 1834, to Miss Martha Cobb Jackson, the daughter of William H. Jackson and Mildred Cobb, and granddaughter of Governor James

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Jackson. The marriage took place in Athens, at the home of Mrs. Grant's uncle, John A. Cobb, and the father of General Howell and T. R. R. Cobb. To Colonel Grant and his xvife but one child was born. Captain W. D. Grant, who was intimately associated with his father in business for many years. Colonel John T. Grant died in the year 1887.
WIJLLIAM EZEKIEL HAWKJNS-Cominucd from Page 106
In 1902 he was appointed to the position as manager of the Aetna for the state of Georgia. At that lime the Aetna's annual premium income from the state was slightly in excess of S100.000, but in the next five years new business had increased to such an extent that there was practically 57,000,000 in force throughout the state. Mr. Hawkins maintained his rank as fourth in produc tion among the other general agents of his company in the U. S. for several years. This production was an excellent testimonial to the business capacity, untiring energy, and cooperative ability which he possessed. With a genuine desire to be of sen-ice he developed his agency into one of the largest insurance concerns in the city and stite. To his clientele he gave sen ice par excellence and his success bore witness to the efficient and courteous treatment accorded each patron and each agent by him.
Mr. Hawkins also exhibited exceptionally good judgment in the selection of the men he had associated with him in his work, and his agents, the producers, possessed a firm belief in him and in his policies.
His public-spirited interest in city affairs an;l his general personality caused him to be a mem ber of many organizations. Some of these were: Chamber of Commerce. Capital City Club, Pied mont Driving Club. He sen'ed for a term as president of Georgia Association of Life Underwrit ers, and vice president of the National Association of Underwriters.
Mr. Hawkins was married in 1890 to Miss Helen Hawkins of Amcricus. daughter of Mr. E. A. Hawkins, a prominent attorney of Americus. and granddaughter of the late Supreme Court Justice \Villis A. Hawkins. She sun'ives him, together with four daughters: Mrs. Anhur Clarkc. oldest; Helen Newton (Mrs. C. B. Strobbar), Elizabeth Hall (Mrs. John L. Hopkins), and \ViIl E. (Mrs. Charlton Theus of Savannah, Ga.). Mr. Hawkins died January 30, 1924.
MRS. JOSEI'H MADISON HIGH-Coiilinucd from Page 107
ors. An ardent admirer of Alexander H. Stephens, vice-president of ihe Confederate States of America. Mrs. High commissioned Gutzon Borglum. the noted sculptor, to can-e a likeness of Mr. Stephens in marble and it was through her efforts that the finished work of art was placed in Statuary Hall, Washington, D. C. She also worked with equal interest to secure for Dr. Crawford W. Long a similar recognition.
During ihe World War, Mrs. High became deeply interested in Red Cross aciiviiies and besides expending much time and thought to make life easier for the new?y recruited citi/en soldiers, she made generous cotributions in money to the various lines of war endeavor. It was also during this period that she gave to the ciiy of Atlanta an artistic fountain in honor of the founders of Atlanta Chapter D. A. R. and it stands where Fifteenth street enters Pcachtree. near the Christian Science church.
In 1926 Mrs. High gave to the Atlanta Art Association her magnificent home on Pcachtree street to become the home of the High Museum of An, and at its formal opening in the fall of that year there were many out-of-town celebrities in art and cultural circles who attended the gala function to witness the splendid display of art work and to lend encouragement to a movement so honoring to the city and to Mrs. High. She also made conlribuiions of statuary to the exhibits--plaster casts of world's greatest statues.
Mrs. High was sun-ived by two children, Mrs. T. T. Williams and Mrs. Dennie R. Peteet; one granddaughter, Miss Dorothy High Peteet; and three grandsons, Joe High Williams, Toulman T. AVilliams, jr., and Dennie R. Peteet, Jr.
It was from a heart attack of which she had been a sufferer for many years, that the end came to Mrs. High at her home, No. 58 Fifteenth street, Atlanta, Ga., though only a feu- days prior to her death she was seemingly in her usual health. She died in her sixty-nimh year. The funeral occurred from her late residence on Fifteenth street, conducted by her pastor. Dr. Rich ard Orme Flinn, and the interment was in West View beside her lamented husband.
With the passing of Mrs. High, Georgia loit one of her greatest, noblest and most beloved daughters. Few women have occupied the high place in society, civic affairs, philanthropy, and the hearts of her many friends and beneficiaries, held by Mrs. High.

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jrilCE CEORCE HILLVER-Conlinued from Page 107
In 1873-76 he was centennial commissioner for Georgia, and in 1877-83 judge of the circuit court for the Atlanta district, serving with much satisfaction to the bar and public, his decisions meeting with a higher percentage of affirmance in the supreme court of the state. \Vhile judge he admitted Woodrow Wilson to the bar.
He was mayor of Atlanta (1885-86), member of the board of water commissioners, and he was always an active and liberal supporter of all public enterprises in Atlanta.
Judge Hillyer made a close study of the water systems of several cities, and was the author of articles upon the subject in many technical journals. While chairman of the Atlanta water board he practically rebuilt the waterworks department and today Atlanta's water is ranked number one throughout the land.
In his profession, in his business, and in office, his career was one of marked success. He re tired from active practice in 1897, but occasionally acted as counsel in important cases. He wrote much for the press upon legal and economic questions. He was for many years a member of the Southern Baptist Home Mission Board, and a trustee of various asylums and institutions of learn ing, among them Mercer University, Atlanta Medical College, and Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons; Spellman Seminary and Atlanta University, both for Negroes, and often a delegate to the conventions of the Southern Baptists and of the Baptist Conventions of Georgia. He was mar ried June 25. 1867, to Ellen Emily Coolcy, of Rome, Ga., and from this union four daughters and one son was born.
It is conceded in Georgia that no citizen of the state ever attained greater esteem in the hearts of his fellowmen than Judge George Hillyer. He lived up to the noble traditions of a noble race of founders and patriots of this country, and died with the knowledge that he had done his best, while that best is known by those whom he left behind to have been a work that few if any others could have done as well.
THOMAS P. HINMAN-Continiicd from Page 108
The University of Georgia conferred upon him the honorary degree of D. Sc. in 1924. In creed he was a Presbyterian. Interested in art and music he was for many years director and chairman of the house committee of the Atlanta Art Association to which, as well as to the Atlanta Music Festival Association, he contributed generously. His favorite recreation was golf. He was married June 7, 1899, to Florence Alice, daughter of Judson L. Hand, pioneer merchant-planter, of Pelham, Ga., and they had a son. Thomas Philip Hinman. He died in Atlanta. Ga., March 19, 1931.
JDDGE SAMUEL B. HOYT-Continued from Page 108
to 1884 he served his district, with signal ability, in the state senate, and made a record of which his friends all over the district were proud.
For years Judge Hoyt was a familiar figure in Atlanta and prominent in the history of the city and Fulton county. He gave his time and work to the upbuilding of the city, which has often taken occasion to honor him. Until the day of his death Judge Hoyt was a devoted and loyal citi zen. He died March 4th, 1894, beloved and respected by all who knew him.
He is survived by his daughter, Mrs. George M. Brown.
C.LARK HOWELL. SR.-Continucd from Page 109
In 1884 he joined the staff of The Constitution and in 1885 became its night city editor. In 1889, when Henry Grady died, Clark Howell was made managing editor and in 1897. when his father. Captain Evan Howell retired to private life, he became editor-in-chief.
Sometime in those earliest years of his career as a Georgia newspaperman Clark Howell received the inspiration and began the service to his state that was ultimately to make him the greatest individual factor for progress among his people. Probably very early in that career that quiet, effective service began. It is said that the young Howell received his finest newspaper training and his most powerful influence in life from the brilliant Henry Grady, whom he ser ved as trusted lieutenant, friend and co-worker for three eventful years. It is probable the foun dations of his great executive ability and his wide sympathies with all sorts and conditions of people were laid during those three years.
Clark Howell's public career of service began in 1886 when, nominated without his know ledge, he was elected to represent Fulton county in the state legislature. For three terms he was a member of the Fulton delegation and the last term he was speaker of the house. It is signi-

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ficant of his statewide popularity that he, a city man born and bred, was elected speaker of an assembly so predominantly rural in personnel that it was known as the "Fanners' Alliance Legislature."
This term as speaker of the house revealed to the state at large that ihere was. in Georgia, a new genius of leadership. Under his direction thai legislature accomplished more progressive good for the state as a whole, probably, than any which had preceded it or any which was to come for years. How much of that accomplishment was directly due to the inspiration and guidance of Speaker Howell the records do not disclose. His most important contributions to his state's welfare were generally recorded under some other name.
His career in the general assembly of his state was continued and completed when, in 1900 he was elected to the state senate, sen-ing for two terms from the district which embraces Fulton county. His second term he was made president of the senate.
Always on the side of progressive-conservatism, Clark Howell's defeat in his campaign for governor in 1906 was, in actuality, a tribute to his steadfast faithfulness 10 the ideals he held. He would not sacrifice those beliefs he held for the best interests of his state, even though his determination cost him the election.
In 1896 he was elected to another office which he used, for 26 years of unbroken service, always to the best advantage of Georgia. In that year he became Democratic National Committeeman, an honor he construed as merely another and enlarged opportunity for service to his party and through it to his state.
Through all the years the influence of Clark Howell was steadily growing. Through the columns of his paper, The Constitution, as well as through his more personal efforts, he was invariably on the side of the greatest good for the greatest number of Georgians. Sometimes the course he took appeared, at first, unwise and, not infrequently, it was in its inception un popular. With few exceptions, however, the wisdom of his program was later demonstrated and those who had caviled at his advice were those who, in the outcome, were first to admit he had been right.
He was the first great advocate the state knew for a system of hard-surfaced roads to reach into every county. Year after year, in season and out, he kept up the campaign for better roads and he lived to see the dream of a state networked with modern highways coming true. It was typical of his views on all questions that he would not be satisfied until the most rural sections of the state enjoyed the advantages of all-weather highways, as well as the more thickly popu lated centers.
As a friend of education he was always ready to give to the utmost of his interest and effort. He served as a member of the board of trustees of the University of Georgia, his Alma Mater, and in that time saw the university grow from a comparatively small, state-localized institution, to the great center of learning it is today.
But not only in the field of higher education, it was as a friend of the common schools that he was chiefly known in his home city and throughout the state. There is. to day in Atlanta, a magnificent unit of the city school system named in his honor, the Clark Howell School on Tenth street. It is recalled how, when this school was first built, there was a movement in the board of education to abandon the place, on the grounds that the section it would serve w-as too sparsely settled to require such an institution.
It was Clark Howell whose belief in the rapid growth of Atlanta, especially on its north ern side, stood firm against the pessimists and it was his influence that was chiefly responsible for the completion of the school.
Verifying his judgment, that school today has one of the largest enrollments of any in the city system.
Mr. Howell married Harriet Glascock Barrett of Augusta in 1887. when he was only 23 years old. The first Mrs. Howell's brother, William H. Barrett, is now judge of the United States court for the Middle Georgia district. Mrs. Howell died in 1898.
In 1900 Mr. Howell married Miss Annie Comer of Savannah, member of another disting uished Georgia family. She died in 1922.
His third wife, who survives him. was Mrs. Margaret Cannon Carr of Xorth Carolina. They were married one year after Major Clark Howell, Mr. Howell's eldest son, had married Miss Margaret Carr, Mrs. Cart's daughter.
Besides his widow and Major Howell, Mr. Howell is survived by two other sons, Cromcr Howell and Albert Howell.
Major Howell, who has succeeded his father as director of the destinies of The Atlanta Cons-

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titution, with the official title of president and publisher, is now carrying on the great tradi tion of journalistic and public service to the state bequeathed to him by his father and grand
father. This, the third generation of a family which has been the outstanding factor of Geor gia journalism for more than 67 years, has already shown that the mantle of leadership has
again fallen upon shoulders worthy of its great heritage. As Clark Howell's reputation for wise leadership and sage advice grew, it reached beyond
the confines of his state, into the halls of national government. Known for years as one of the
most vital factors in the Democratic party, the nation's leaders of all political shades began to look to him for service.
Jn 1922, under the administration of the republican President Harding, Clark Howell was named a member of the National Coal Commission, charged with surveying the disturbing
conditions in the anthracite coal fields and with drawing up suggestions for amelioration, or
possibly cure, of those evil conditions. In 1932, under another republican president, this time Herbert Hoover, he was again called
to national service, this time on the National Transportation Commission were, with Alexan
der Legge. B. M. Baruch, Calvin Coolidge and Alfred E. Smith he contributed much to that program which eventually formed the basis for the rescue of the railroads of the company
from then threatened insolvency.
President Roosevelt later selected Clark Howell as chairman of the imporiant Federal Avia
tion Commission, a group which brought order out of chaos in the aviation industry and which is chiefly responsible for the rapid advances already made by that comparatively young form
of transportation. All these services to the nation as a whole enabled Clark Howell to better serve his own
state and those who knew him best stated that it was primarily for the added influence he
would gain when he sought some advantage for Georgia that he accepted these and other, simi
larly onerous duties.
With the ascendency of the Democratic party in national power, with the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, a warm personal friend, to the presidency, Clark Howell's influence and power grew greater. That he always used that influence for the good of the state and never
lor personal aggrandizement is a fact known to every man, woman and child in Georgia. He refused appointment to important posts as ambassador to various leading countries of
the world, saying he felt he could better serve his party and his people in his private capacity and as editor of The Constitution. Those who knew him best knew that when he spoke of
serving his party, it was synonymous, to him, with serving his beloved state. For he knew that
he who would best serve Georgia could do so most effectively through the Democratic party. It was this belief that actuated his leadership in the heated political campaigns of 1936, his
last contribution to the state. In those campaigns he stood, inflexibly, for these candidates who were aligned with the administration of President Roosevelt. While he did not agree with the
president on everything, he did believe in his broad, general policies and he felt that the dem ocrat who opposed the Roosevelt regime in toto was no better than a traitor. It was these antiRoosevelt democrats he fought in the 1936 campaigns and he had the delight, before his death, of seeing victory crown his leadership all down the line.
Great, though, as were Mr. Howell's contributions to his state in public, it was probably the
unsung sen-ices he rendered, in the privacy of his office or the quietude of home that tens of thousands of Georgians remember best.
Local committees, seeking some improvement for their own community, something big to
them but probably unimportant to the state as a whole, came to Clark Howell from ever)1
county, from every city, town and hamlet in Georgia. They were forever coming to his office and, invariably, they were received with kindness, courtesy and a very real interest. If the plan they proposed was for the good of their community and if it would work no injury on neighbors, they always received the enthusiastic support, encouragement and assistance of
Clark Howell. The old files of The Constitution are filled with stories of such incidents, never with Clark Howell's name mentioned, but all bearing the imprimitur of his endorsement and
his help. Individuals came to him with their personal problems and were never turned away unaided.
The true and greatest story of Clark Howell's contribution to the progress of his state is
written, not in the records of nation, of political party, of state or city. It is written in the secret places of her people, in the hearts of those who learned so well to love and to respect him, in the silent memories of the thousands he helped across the most difficult places upon their private pathways of life.
Mr. Howell died November 14, 1936.

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JOEL Hl'RT-- Continued from Pngc 109
able building (now the Trust Company of Georgia building), the first steel frame office build ing in the South; and later the Hurt building, the seventeenth largest office building in the world.
Born in Hurtsboro. Alabama, July 31, 1850, of sturdy English parentage, reared under pio neer surroundings and reaching his teens just as the reconstruction days arrived, he had all of the early training and habits necessary for the many difficult problems he was 10 undertake. He was one of the eleven children of Joel Hurt and Lucy Apperson Long, of Hurtsboro, Alabama. For several years he attended a school taught by his uncle, Edward X. Brown, father of ihe present chairman of the board of the Pere Marquette Railway, From there he went to Auburn, and thence to the University of Georgia where, in 1871. he took his A.B. and B.S. degrees of the same year. He was one of two men sent in 187), at the request of the Atlantic ft Pacific Railroad to join the surveying corps of that railroad (making the survey and staking the land grants) which was preparing to extend its line from St. Louis to San Francisco, the first railroad to the Pacific coast. The road is now called the Atchison, Topcka & Santa Fe.
Mr. Hurl became a member of the division that surveyed from Albuquerque two hundred and fifty miles to the Little Colorado river, and thence three hundred miles to the Colorado river. Eight government wagons, eight railway wagons and an escort of United States soldiers were furnished to carry the party through the wild country, across the desert, around the Diable canyon and through the several tribes of hostile Indians. The distance of five hundred and fifty miles was traveled on foot. Supply wagons and troops were lost in the canyon district, and after working for twenty-four hours without water, the party was disbanded and every man was told to take care of himself, and to find xvater if possible. In twenty-four hours Mr. Hurt, by following the tracks of animals found a water hole frequented by them; after another day's walk he found a government station, through which he came in contact with other members of the government party. After another hundred miles of surveying the party returned to Albuquer que; and this time Mr. Hurt and a few others, still walking, located government land grants for the railroad.
Mr. Hurt's next work was with the party which surveyed and built the Northeastern Rail road from Lula to Athens, Georgia. In March, 1875, he came to Atlanta. Many other engi neers were here in search of work, the panic of 1873 having stopped practically -all railroad construction. In looking for work, he and his partner drew for the city of Atlanta plans for a viaduct to connect the junction of Marietta and Pcachtrce streets with Whitehall street at Ala bama street. The city decided that the expense was too great, and the project was not under taken until 1900, when the Whitehall street viaduct was built in accordance with his plans. This same foresight and civil engineering genius planned and saw consummated many improve ments in Atlanta streets. Notable among them was the opening of Edgewood avenue, which he accomplished alone; the viaduct system across the railroad tracks: the grading and widening of Ivy street; the opening of the bottle neck at Pryor street and Edgewood avenue, and the grading of Courtland street, which is still in abeyance.
In 1870 he organized the Atlanta Building & Loan Association, the first of its kind in Atlanta, a company that proved a boon to many would-be home owners, and a benefit to a city that needed help and encouragement in the building line. Five hundred houses were built in the six and one-half years the company was operated, not a dollar being lost by investors.
In 1886 a company was organized to develop the eastern portion of the city--the East At lanta Land Company, with Joel Hurt as its president. The company opened and graded Edgewood avenue, using as its beginning a short street two or three blocks long, known as Foster street. In another year this company gave to Atlanta its first residence park. Inman Park, and in 1891 built the first steel frame office building in the south, the Equitable building, now the Trust Company of Georgia building.
In 1886 the Atlanta and Edgewood Street Railway Company was organized with Joel Hun as its president. This was the first electric railroad in Atlanta and one of the first in the world. It is remarkable that this was originally built as a double track railroad. The first car was op erated August 21, 1889. Several thousand people gathered along Edgewood avenue to watch the event, and the favored few wno were invited to ride all removed their watches for fear of in jury to them. In 1891 the Atlanta Consolidated Street Railway Company was organized with Joel Hurt as its president. This company combined all of the street railways of the city, all but one previous to this lime having operated mule cars only. Shortly after this Mr. Hurt was elected president of the American Electric Railway Association.

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In 1892 he was the leading spirit in the organisation of the Trust Company of Georgia and remained president of that company for eleven years. In 1902 he led in the organization of the Kirkwood Land Company, the company which owned and developed the fifteen hundred acres now known as Druid Hills. The foremost landscape artists of the country, Olmstead brothers of Brookline, were employed to plan development of the property which, under Mr. Hurt's direction, became one of the largest and handsomest residential developments in the south. In 1913 he led in the organization of the Continental Trust Company, of which he was president for five years. The grading and widening of Ivy street and the opening of the bottle neck at Edgewood avenue and Pryor street are improvements which Mr. Hurt conceived, advo cated, worked for and subscribed funds to. In 1911 Mr. Hurt built the Atlanta theater, then the only fireproof theater in the south.
In 1912 the erection of the first section of the Hurt building was begun. This had been his dream from the time he acquired the triangular plot upon which the building now stands. In 1925 the addition to the Hurt building was completed. It is the seventeenth largest office build ing in the world and houses seven thousand, five hundred people. In the erection of the build ing Mr. Hurt remained firm in his usual policy of permanent, fireproof, modern and artistic construction, regardless of expense and trouble, thinking as always only of the future. And this climax of his work will always stand as one of his greatest gifts to Atlanta. The Hurt building, in its massive strength and towering grandeur, stands today as the culminating achievement in the career of Atlanta's greatest constructive genius; stands as a visible sign of the greatness of the mind which imagined it and as a lasting monument to the man who builded it. In its strength it symbolizes his indomitable will-power to carry out such a design and plan; in its size it typi fies the great breadth and wide scope of the vision which could originate its idea; and, in the number of people it serves, it again parallels Mr. Hurt's life in his never-ceasing thought for the people of Atlanta, his never-failing, never-lagging desire to work always for their betterment and improvement, a proud memorial to one of the city's great and big men, xvhose works and character will continue as an ever-present inspiration.
Judge John L. Hopkins said many years ago that Joel Hurt had done more for Atlanta than any other ten men in Atlanta. L. Wallace Reid, in his History of Atlanta, published forty years ago, wrote of him: "At an age when most men had merely laid the foundations of their plans, he has achieved important and far-reaching results. He has been a hard, persistent worker, a builder rather than a speculative dreamer, a man of action instead of a waster of time on fine-spun theories. Starting without resources other than willing hands and a good active, clear brain, he now holds a place of power and influence in the community. He has made right use of his opportunities, and wherever placed, has acquitted himself admirably. His industry and energy are qualities suggested in his tone and bearing. He was deliberate in form ing judgement and plans, but firm in executing them, once adopted. He has demonstrated in
every position he has filled and in all of his undertakings unusual tact and rare business sense, while confidence in his honesty and integrity has never been forfeited by a single act which had the shadow of wrong-doing." Judge H. B. Tompkins, in conversation wilh a group of men who were remarking on Mr. Hurt's upbuilding work for Atlanta, added: "Yes, and more than that, he is a man whose integrity and honesty of intention is beyond question."
Mr. Hurt was married May 10, 1876, to Miss Annie Bright Woodruff, of Columbus, Georgia, a daughter of George W. and Virginia (Lindsay) Woodruff and a descendant on her paternal side of an old New England family, identified for several generations with the history of New Haven, Connecticut, and on her maternal side, of a prominent southern family, distinguished for its Civil War service. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Hurt are: George F.; Mable. the widow of Charles A. Bickerstaff; Eva, the widow of Arthur Benjamin Simms; Joel, Jr., and Sher wood Lindsay. George F. is a resident of New York City, but the other members of the family reside in Atlanta.
In the death of Joel Hurt, which occurred January 9, 1926, Atlanta sustained a loss of one of its most prominent capitalists and pioneer business men and developers. He was among the leading men of the South, as well as one of Georgia's first citizens. At his passing the following editorial appeared in the Atlanta Journal:
"The death of Mr. Joel Hurt closes a career of rare distinction. His powers of mind and character ranged far and achieved memorably. Greater faith in Atlanta no man could have had. and how greatly he revealed it! On the tomb of the celebrated Sir Christopher Wren who, after the historic fire in London, rebuilt the city on lines of stately beauty, are words like these: 'If you

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would sec his monument, look about you.' If we would see the faith of Joel Hurt, in the city of his adoption and would measure the man's constructive genius, we have on'.y to look about us. Yonder towers the building that bears his name--gigantic and majestical; not only one of the world's notable business structures, but also in its harmony of design and perfection of finish, an architectural triumph. On its one side is a charmingly proportioned theatre, on the oihe.' side the first steel frame office building erected in the South--both creations of his enterprise. Yonder rolls Druid Hills, famed for its landscape art and for the wealth of trees and shrubs em bowering its delightful homes. Years ago Mr. Hurt looked across the barren levels and wildwood slopes which then were the scenes of this now hospitable center of life, and visioned the beauty and wonder that were to be. He dreamed, he dared, he accomplished. So. throughout the city stands reminders of his foresight, his resoluteness, his mastery of affairs, his remarkable talent for doing useful things in the best of taste. His achievements in the province of business are too well known to call for comment. But the distinctive quality that marked his every undertaking and the pioneer courage that sent him hewing his way through difficulties and doubts--for these he will be remembered while Atlanta stands, \ever content with mere money-making, he created beauty as well, and imparted to all that he touched the strength and distinction of his character."
EDWARD H. INMAN-COiuinucd from Page 110
in all human endeavors and drew around him a circle of friends who relied on him without question. In the cotton business, one of his major interests, he was recognized nationally for his keenness of judgment and farsightedness.
Mr. Inroan also was prominent in the social life of Atlanta. He served the Capital City Club at one time as president and was a member of the Piedmont Driving Club. He also was an active and influential member of the First Presbyterian Church.
Mr. Inman died April 15, 1931, and is survived by his wife and two sons.
S.VMl'EL M. INMAN-Cominucd from Page 111
by its export business, became favorably known throughout the world and continued in suc cessful operation until the retirement of Mr. Inman from active business in !896.
Many other enterprises responded to the touch of his business genius, and through the con fidence of the money interests of the East, he was able to secure large capital for the development of Southern industries.
Mr. Inman was associated with the interests that organized the Southern Railway Company, served on its Board of Directors until 1912, and was largely instrumental in the erection of the Terminal Station in Atlanta. He rendered valuable service in the consolidation of the street railway lines of Atlanta and was for many years a director in the Equitable Life Assurance So ciety of the U. S., of the Atlanta National Bank, the Lowry National Bank and other large finan cial institutions.
Inman Park, a residential section, and Inman Yard, the extensive freight terminals, both bear his name.
To every public enterprise Mr. Inman's time, money and talents were freely given. He was active in promoting the Cotton States and International Exposition in 1881 as well as the Ex position of 1895, held at Piedmont Park. His generous donation of fifty thousand dollars to the latter when failure seemed impending will long be remembered by citizens of Atlanta.
Mr. Inman was largely responsible for the founding of the Georgia School of Technology, sen-ing for many years on its Board of Trustees, donating largely to its support and giving his splendid talents to its financial management.
During the last ten years of his life he donated practically all of his time to the cause of edu cation. In 1906-*07, Mr. Inman was chairman of an influential Business Men's Association for the promotion of the educational interests of the State, and. as a result of the campaign for a more efficient public education, the State's annual appropriation for public schools wa< increased a half million dollars, new buildings were provided for the State College of Agriculture, and eleven State District Agricultural High Schools were established to which the citizens of [he state donated nearly half a million dollars more.
Through his efforts and assistance an endowment and extension fund of 5350,000 was raised for Agnes Scott College, of Decatur, Ga.
In addition to the gifts already mentioned. Mr. Inman contributed largely to Oglethorpe L'ni-

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versity, Emory University, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Presbyterian Church, and numerous other schools, colleges and hospitals. His public gifts total more than a million dol lars, and no one can estimate his private charities. Mr. Inman's religious affiliations were with the First Presbyterian Church.
Mr. Inman was married February 19, 1868. to Jennie, daughter of Henry Jackson Dick, by whom he had three children, Henry A., Frank M., and Nellie Inman, wife of Joseph W. Cooper, of Philadelphia. Mrs. Inman died in 1890.
On December J5, 1892, he was married to Mildred, daughter of A. M. McPheeters, of Ra leigh, N. C., and Sarah Frances Leftwich, born in Liberty, Now Bedford City, Va. She was for more than twenty years an inspiration to him in every good work and an active partner in his generous enterprises.
Mr. Inman died in Atlanta, January 12, 1915.
Fortunately the influence of a great life does not end with the grave. Few public gatherings are held in Atlanta for any great civic cause that the name of Samuel M. Inman is not men tioned with applause, and the spirit of "The First Citizen of Atlanta" will long continue to move the people of his beloved city.
SAM D. JONES-Cominucd from Page 112
section of the country, giving work to many people, and developing an industry more or less new to the South.
Mr. Jones was the organizer and a president of the Atlanta Freight Bureau, was president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, was a director of the Citizens and Southern National Bank, and was identified with many other organizations of a business and civic nature.
Throughout his career Mr. Jones was encouraged and strengthened by his wife who possessed superior mental and spiritual abilities, and social qualities. Her rare talent for administration was manifested in her work as president of the Federation of Women's Clubs. Her sympathy and understanding of the human heart found expression in the organization of the Gold Star Mothers which she assisted in founding and in the remarkable number of private charities which she fos tered. Her brilliant mind, charming personality and noble traits of character gained for her wide recognition, and the admiration and esteem of all with whom she came in contact.
While of a quiet and retiring disposition Mr. Jones possessed great earnestness of purpose and a forcefulness of character which were felt throughout the clubs and organizations to which he be longed, as well as among his business associates. He was a member of the Ponce de Leon Baptist Church, the Ten Club, the Symposium Club.
Mr. Jones died April 6, 1930, and Mrs. Jones in 1928. The personalities of Mr. and Mrs. Jones have impressed deeply the progress and development of Atlanta, and their strong influence is be ing carried on through the active and public-spirited work of their daughter, Lula Dean (Mrs. Beverly M. DuBose) and their three sons, Harrison Jones, vice-president of The Coca-Cola Com pany; Boiling H. Jones II. president of Atlanta Stove Works, and Saunders Jones, vice-president of The White Company, Cleveland, Ohio, residing in New York. N. Y.
ALEXANDER C. KINC-Continucd from Page 112
He was a prominent speaker on legal and literary subjects and contributed numerous articles to bar association publications. The University of the South conferred upon him the honorary de gree of D. C. L. in 1916. He was married July 13, 1881. to Alice May, daughter of Noah R. Fow ler, of Atlanta, and he was survived by two children, Edward and Alexander C. King, Jr. He died at Flat Rock, N. C., July 25, 1926.
<:. SI'I'RCEOX Kl\C-Continuc<l from Page 113
his business career he and his brother, Rufus DeWitt King, organized the Security Bankers Finance Corporation, which rapidly expanded and included subsidiary companies, operating over a large portion of the United States. His executive ability became more and more evidenced in the business world, and his diligence and directive genius caused him to be recognized as a financier of outstanding ability. His aggressive spirit and constructive vision were felt in the numerous enterprises in the management of which he and his brother were associated. He was vice-president and secretary of the Security Bankers Finance Corporations and its subsidiary com panies; president of the Financial Trust Corporation; junior partner of King Brothers & Co.;

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vice-president of Home Finance Service, Inc.: and was connected with various other corporationsHis life was characterized by a spirit of simplicity and truth, and he never deviated from the
highest ideals of progress and human betterment. In a quiet way, with few cognisant of the extent of his philanthropies, he gave liberally to worthwhile causes. Realizing the value of educational training to young people, he was financially responsible for several boys and girls continuing
their school work.

He was closely associated with the social life of the city and was a member of the Atlanta Athletic, East Lake, and Druid Hills Clubs. He was a member of the Old Guard: a member of the Masonic Order; and a member of St. Luke's Episcopal Church.

Mr. King was united in marriage to Miss Eleanor Jane Taylor, the daughter of Edward G. Taylor, of South Carolina, and a member of the oldest and most honored families of the state. She died October IS, I9S2, greatly beloved by hosts of friends and relatives.

They are survived by two charming daughters, Julianne (Judy) and Eleanor Jane (Mrs. Ben

T. Smith).

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VICTOR HI/CO KRlEC.SHABER-Cominucd from Page US
later, as Assistant to the General Manager, the late Morris Shcppard Belknap, M. Am. Soc. C. E., with headquarters in Savannah. Ga_
He remained with the Central of Georgia Railway Company until 1889, when he decided to make his home in Atlanta. He became a Contractor, but having vision he saw the possibilities of the growing city and, one year later, established a building material business of which he was Presi dent for forty-three years. As a citizen of the growing City of Atlanta, he kept pace with its expan sion, and his building material business enjoyed substantial success.
Mr. Kriegshaber was not purely a man of business, he enjoyed participation in the civic, phil anthropic, and artistic life of the city. He became one of the founders and early Presidents of the Atlanta Terra Cotta Company and, in 1904, served as Secretary of the Atlanta An Glass Com pany. Due to the rapid growth of the building material business in the South, Mr. Kriegshaber. interested in expanding this field for all dealers, was active in the National Builders' Supply As sociation and served as Vice-President. Following this work, he organized the South Eastern Build ing Supply Association, and was its first President.
Having a high sense of civic pride and obligation he looked for a channel of service and found in the Atlanta Associated Charities, an instrument worthy of his desires. As a director of this or ganization he was instrumental in securing the first public playgrounds for children in the city. Later, he became the Vice-President of the Playground Association of America.
Combining an unusual degree of executive ability and a great humanitarian outlook on life, Mr. Kriegshaber interested himself for many years in the charitable work of Atlanta. His field of activity was large. In 1909, he became President of the Federation of Jewish Charities and, in 1911, served also as President of the Jewish Educational Alliance. This organization then newly housed in a modern building filled a great need, both educational and social, for the immigrant and orthodox Jewish settlement of the city.
Closest to his heart, however, were the orphaned children of the South, and after many years' affiliation with the Hebrew Orphans Home, he became its President in 1915. Under the guidance of Mr. Kreigshaber and the able Superintendent of the Home, Mr. Ralph Sonn, was established the "Mothers' Pension System," which enabled the Orphan Home to provide a subsidy to keep the child with its mother and prevent the breaking up of homes. This system, a pioneer in its field, has been widely used in other orphanages, as it gives the child a normal home life rather than insti tutional rearing.
In the same line of work, Mr. Kriegshaber, as a Director of the Atlanta Chamber of Com merce, in 1912, inaugurated medical examination of all the pupils in the public schools of At lanta. He served also as a Life Director of the Local Council of Boy Scouts of America.
In 1913, the Atlanta Rotary Club was organized, and Mr. Kriegshaber was one of its charter members. During the World War, he did commendable and outstanding work as Chairman of the War Camp Community Sen-ice, to which post he was appointed by the Mayor of Atlanta.
In 1916 he was elected President ol the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce and during his regime founded the City Builder, a monthly magazine of the Chamber, which still functions. An antiwood shingle ordinance for the city was passed, and 5500,000 was raised to bring Emory Univer sity to Atlanta.
Victor Kreigshaber was a pioneer in the true sense of the word. He came to Atlanta when it was

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feeling its "growing pains"; he was among thos;; who shaped its growth and nurtured its re sources and set it on the path of leadership. With every step of his personal success, he expanded his interest in and contributions to his community. He assumed more and more outside obliga
tions, discharging all of them with a great-hearted competence that not only filled the needs of
the moment, but effected lasting benefits to the cultural and civic life of the city.

In 1913, the Atlanta Music Festival Association was organized which brought to the city the great singers of the Metropolitan Opera Company, of New York, N. Y. Mr. Kriegshaber was a

director of this organization from its inception, and served for the twenty seasons of grand opera in Atlanta. He was instrumental later in bringing to the city several seasons of light opera. He

was intensely interested in music and felt that, in its local artists, Atlanta had splendid material for a Symphony Orchestra and Choral Society. U'ith the able assistance of the city's finest musi cians, the Atlanta Philharmonic Society was organized of which Mr. Kriegshaber was President
from its inception to the time of his death.

His love for and interest in the profession for which he was prepared, led him to membership in the Society. He was also a member of Yaarab Temple of the Shrine, and of the Executive Committee of the Presidents' Club, an organization composed of the presidents of all the civic or ganizations of Atlanta. He was also a member of "The Temple"; the Phi Epsilum Pi Fraternity

(Honorary Life President); and the B'nai B'rith, a fraternal organization devoted to welfare work.

His life's work was broad in scope and far-reaching in the beneficient results of his interests.
He embodied in character the ability for leadership directed toward the highest and finest things of life and left a rare heritage of good works.

On November 10, 1934, after a brief illness, due to a heart attack, Mr. Kriegshaber passed to his eternal rest.
He made two successful and happy marriages. His first marriage was with Blanche Lieberman, who taught in the public school of Atlanta and was a member of one of the most widely known
families of the South. She died in 1902. His second wife was Adeline Mayer, of Cleveland, Ohio, a woman of high attainments in the field of social service work. They had twenty-eight years of happy married life. Two children were born to him by his first wife, William Victor and Marian
Kriegshaber, who, with his widow, survive him. Mr. Kriegshaber was elected a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers on April

2, 1913.

___

JOSEPH RUCK.ER LAMAR-Comimii.il from Page 111
Such is a bare, imperfect, chronological statement of the leading events in the life of one of the most scholarly, talented and loveable men among the many distinguished sons of Georgia.
One of his most distinguishing characteristics was his modesty which made him averse to seeking political office. But his modesty was overshadowed by a winning personality which made him friends who took pleasure in seeing that his merits should be recognized and re warded without aggressive action on his part. . . .
(I'roni the Report of the Committee Appointed by the Supreme Court of Georgia:) His historical and literary contributions to the profession may be found in the Reports of the Georgia Bar Association of 1892. 1898, 1900, 1907, 1908, 1913, and embrace the following subjects: Georgia's Contribution to Law Reform; Georgia Law Books', A Century's Progress in Law. History of the Establishment of the Supreme Court of Georgia; Memorial of Chief Justice Logan E. Blcrltley, and The Bench and Bar of Georgia During the Eighteenth Century, which he began with the query: "Who was the first lawyer in Georgia?" and with characteristic te nacity of purpose pursued it until he found not only the first lawyer, but the first judge and the first jury.
His work in the preparation of these papers and addresses, involving as it did the careful examination of the earliest records at home, including the voluminous Colonial and Revolution ary records of Georgia compiled by Governor Candler, which he read through and upon which he made marginal notes, and the obtaining of some from abroad, is a monument of his passion ate devotion to the earliest history of Georgia. The historical knowledge furnished is of incal culable value to the present and future generations, and the honor due him for these treasuries is increased by the fart that they were given without any thought of pecuniary reward, but from love of his state and profession.
These papers and addresses relating to Georgia law are eminently worthy of a place in the

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147

curriculum of every law school In the State, and the State Library and would justify the nec essary expenditure for that purpose.
The address before the Alabama State Bar Association on July 4, 1902, was a splendid tribute to the Work and Position of American Court. In this address he informs us what it would be well to recall in this day when it has been assailed, that the power to pass upon the validity of laws was involved, if not expressly conferred by the provision of Magna Charta, "that if any thing be procured by any person contrary to the premises, the same shall be null and void." Splendidly reviewing the work of American courts, he was inspired by the feeling "that we are a part of a great system which is disseminating its benign influence to the isles of the sea and the uttermost parts of the earth;" and looking down the vista of the future he was thrilled by a vision of the day when our courts should take part in a case and announce some viial principle that would be cited and followed around the globe.
One of his greatest addresses was before the Ladies' Memorial Association of Athens, Geor gia, on April 26, 1902. on The Private Soldier of the Confederacy. In all that has been spoken and written there cannot be found a more splendid tribute. He speaks of "The War without adjective, without word of explanation." He graphically portrays the South's unpreparedness for war; recalls that the combined losses of the English. Prussian and French armies at Water loo did not exceed the losses at Gettysburg; that the casualties at Sadowa fought between the Austrians and Prussians, where a quarter of a million men were engaged on each side, each army greater than the combined forces of the Federals and Confederates at Gettysburg, were much less, as they were also at Sedan. He detracts nothing from the honor due those who command ed, but he gives highest honor 10 the courage and endurance of the private soldier, whom he calls the hero of the Confederacy. It was a statesmanlike discussion of the causes that led to the war, and a patriotic warning against the dangers which it left in its path. It was loyal to South ern sentiment and pride, but without a note of sectional animosity. The greatness of this ad dress can be better appreciated by recalling that its author, who with such familiarity and phil osophy discusses the causes, the progress, the achievements, and (he results, with the knowledge of an intelligent participant, was not born when these causes began, and was only five years old when they culminated in that struggle, which he calls the ox'ershadowing event in our history.
It was heard by a number of distinguished men from even' section of the country, members of an educational convention in session at the time and the editor of the Brooklyn Eagle asked for the privilege of publishing it for general distribution. This was done, with an introduction, by Dr. Shaw, editor of the Review of Ret'iews.
To ihis list may be added: A Sketch of Eugenius Aristidcs Xesbil, 1908, written for Great American Lawyers; A Sketch of Howell Cobb. 1910, written for Men of Mark in Groreja: The Trustees of Richmond Academy, 1910: First Days of St. Paul's Church. 1910.
The Memorial of Chief Justice Logon E. Rlecklcy. was written by Judge Lamar at the re quest of Judge BIcckley.
WILLIAM BAILEY LAMAR-Cominued from 1'agc III
appeal the circuit judge's decision against the state, Lamar and his mother joined in a promissorynote for S500 to pay the cost of the appeal, which was repaid by the Florida legislature at its next session. He later won the appeal in both the Florida supreme court and the U. S. supreme court. As congressman he was responsible for the impeachment of fudge Charles Swayne, L'. S. district judge in Flordia, and took an active interest in the control and regulation of interstate railroad rates. In 1914 he was appointed by President W.lson as 13. S. commissioner to the Panama-Pacific international exposition in San Francisco. Lamar was a pleasing and forceful speaker, courtly in manners, a genial companion and painstaking and courageous in his long public career. He was decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1916 with the Third Order of the Rising Sun. He was married June 28, 1904, to Ethel (Toy) Healey. daughter of Robert Boyle Toy and widow of Charles Alien Healey. both of Atlanta, Ga. He died, without issue, at Thomasville, Ga.. Septem ber 26. 1928.
ST. ELMO M. MASSENC.ALE-Contimicd from Page 113
political affairs of the State, having served as secretary of the Democratic Executive Committee and as manager for Xat E. Harris in his successful campaign for Governor.
Mr. Massengale was promient in Atlanta social and fraternal life, being a member of the Druid Hills. Piedmont Driving. Capital City and Atlanta Atfiletic Clubs. He was a thirty-

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second degree Scottish Rite Mason, a Shriner, Knight Templar and a member of the Elks and Odd Fellows.
St. Elmo Massengale died August 19, 1929, at the age of fifty-three. Surviving him at the time of his death were his wife, Elizabeth Smith Massengale, two daughters, Elizabeth Ormwood Mas sengale, and Mrs. Charles McLean; a son, St. Elmo Murray Massengale, Jr.; his mother, Mrs. A. M. Massengale; three sisters, Misses Alice May and Ethel Massengale and Mrs. R. V. Hartwell, and a brother, Walter R. Massengale.
EDWARD WELLBORN MARTIX-Cominued from Page 115
covery he was elected a member of the Confederate Congress as a representative from Florida, and at the expiration of his term, declining re-election on the ground that his services were needed in the field, he re-entered the army, received appointment as colonel of the 9th Florida Regiment under General Lee, and served with Lee until the close of hostilities. He had partici pated in the Battle of Cold Harbor, in the campaign of the Wilderness, at the siege of Petersburg, and was at the explosion of the crater, being able to give first-hand information of that dramatic event. For many years he lived a retired life in Ocala, until death closed an exemplary exist ence. He was affectionately called by many "Ocala's grand old man." It is of note that this brave soldier, in retirement, advised fellow Southerners to be patient, to unify with other sections, to help restore amity between the North and South, to be loyal to the flag, and to adhere strictly to the principles laid down by Thomas Jefferson. He married (first) Willie Elizabeth Wellbom, of Meriwether County, Georgia, where he had a plantation and where he lived for a time. Mrs. Willie E. (Wellborn) Martin was a daughter of Colonel Alfred Wellborn, one of the county's most extensive planters, and his wife, Elizabeth Martin. Of this union were born three children: 1. Edmund Wellborn Martin, of whom further comment will be made; 2. John Marshal Martin, Jr., of Jacksonville, Fla., deceased; 3. Willie Wellborn Martin, deceased. Col onel Martin married (second), after the death o( his first wife, Sallie Waldo, daughter of Dr. Ben jamin Warren and Sarah Bonham (Lipscomb) Waldo, of Edgefield District, South Carolina, and granddaughter of Dr. Joseph Warren Waldo, of Pomfrct, Connecticut, and of this union there were three children: 4. Sallie Martin, now Mrs. Howard Munroe, of Biltmore, North Caro lina; 5. May Waldo Martin, now Mrs. Albert H. Birdsey, of Savannah, Georgia: 6. Waldo Martin, formerly of Ocala, Florida, deceased.
Edmund Wellborn Martin, like his distinguished and valorous father, was thus equipped and proved a heritage to the world for his example and his works of lasting worth. He was born July 23, 1854, on his grandfather's plantation adjoining Warm Springs, Meriwether County. Georgia, and died at the age of seventy-three years, December 15, 1927. In the academy at Ocala. Fla., he began his studies, later continuing them at Micanopy, Fla., and at Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina. He was a member of the Kappa Alpha fraternity at Wofford. From Wof ford he graduated in 1875, taking first honors and being valedictorian of his class. For two years, before coming to Atlanta, he taught in the schools of Meriwether County. At that time he already had undertaken the study of law. When he came to Atlanta in 1877 he continued his reading of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1878, passing an excellent examination. Mr. Martin soon became widely known, both as a civil and criminal lawyer, and at the time of his passing was outstanding as a member of the bar, and known throughout the South. One of the most impor tant chapters of his life was his close connection with public affairs. A staunch Democrat, con firmed in the principles of Jefferson, he championed all progressive measures, including those of moral and civic advancement. In 1886-1887 he was on the Atlanta Police Commission: from 1890 until 1893 he served as a member of the Georgia General Assembly, in which house he took pan in a number of dominant committees. While a member of the Legislature he introduced a measure and secured its adoption declaring the first Monday in September a holiday in honor of Labor. This was before Congress set aside the some day as Labor Day and made it a national holiday. He was elected councilman from the Second Ward in 1907, and while serving in this office did much to secure the success of the movement for building the public auditoruim and the Washington Street Viaduct. He served with the joint commission of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce and City of Atlanta which appeared before a committee of the Grand Army of the Republic during the Minneapolis reunion. As the commission's spokesman, he endorsed the proposal to convert the battle grounds around Atlanta into parks of national fame. Mr. Martin belonged to Trinity Methodist Church, South, of Atlanta, and was active in its undertakings for almost half a century, serving on the Board of Stewards the greater part of his affiliation. In 1906 he went to the General Conference of the church at Birmingham, Alabama: he attended the

] 837 -AT L A X T A C E X T E N X 1 A L - 1937_____________149
conference there in 1918; and he sat with the conferees in several sessions in Atlanta. For about fifty years he taught one and the same Sunday School class at Trinity Church. He belonged to several civic and fraternal bodies, inclusive of the Chamber of Commerce, Knights of Pythias and Independent Order of Odd Fellows. For nearly thirty years he was a trustee of Grady Hos pital, eventual)' succeeding the late Colonel Robert J. Lowry as president of the board. A few days before his passing, Mr. Martin went to Washington, as a member of the Old Guard, and took part in unveiling the statue of Alexander H. Stephens, which now may be seen in the Hall of Fame. For a number of years, following the death of his wife, he had lived at the home of his only daughter, Mrs. \Villie (Martin) Hurt, at No. 951 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta.
Edmund \V. Martin married, April 16, 1879, Sallie Hill, daughter of Alexander Franklin Hill, and Mary Jane (Wamer) Hill, of Greenville, Ga. Mrs. Martin died November 8, 1925, and trib utes to her character, life and works were many, and sincerely given. She was a granddaughter of Chief Justice Hiram Warner, Congressman and patriot, Chief Justice of Georgia and Associ ate Justice for thirty-three consecutive years. Her brother, H. Warner Hill, is now (1930) Asso ciate Justice of Georgia. Though Chief Justice Hiram Warner was opposed to secession, he stood loyally by the South in the War Between the States, to the point of extreme sacrifice. Chief Jus tice Warner's mother was Jane Coffin, a descendant of the Coffins of Martha's Vineyard and \antuckett, Massachusetts, who counted amongst her early ancestors Admiral Sir Tristram Coffin and Hector Coffin, of Colonial fame.
To Mr. and Mrs. Martin were born four children: 1. Mrs. Willie (Martin) Hun. a resident of Atlanta and prominent in social circles; former chairman of the Atlanta circle. Colonial Dames; former member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, and the Georgia Society, Daughters of American Colonists: 2. Hiram Wamer Manin: 3. Frank Hill Martin; 4. E. W. Martin, Jr., deceased.
In the passing of Edmund Wellborn Martin, Georgia lost one of its most illustrious sons, the people of Atlanta a dominant factor in the city's moral and cultural development, and hundreds of persons, here and elsewhere, a friend for whom there is no counterpart.
DR. FLOYD W. McR.VE. SR.-Continucd from Page 116
Dr. McRae's almost unique position in the icgard of this city and state and section was nodue alone to his distinguished surgical achieves ents and his authoritative position in medical circles. Few men in any profession have been so universally loved as Dr. McRae. With his pa tients, his engaging personality was a great factor in his work--they became his firm friends and ardent admirers from the beginning; his smile won their confidence and their hearts; and his fine qualities and sturdy devotion to ideals retained every friendship he so easily gained. This same kindly and engaging manner extended throughout the wide range of his acquaintance, and his passing was mourned by a host of friends, both in and out of the profession he honored.
In 1888, Dr. McRae married Miss Fannie Forrest Collier, daughter of the late Judge John Collier, of Atlanta. She and three sons survive him.
JOHN SHEFFIELD OWEN'S-Conlinued from Page 117
Bank, which after operating successfully for several years, was sold to the Citizens it Southern. He was a member of the pioneer organization of the famous Gate City Guards: a devout member of St. Mark's Methodist Church, and a Mason. His death followed an extended period of re tirement, terminating in a lengthy ordeal of illness. In the passing of this genial man of busi ness, every phase of Atlanta's life has suffered, for he made his influence everywhere felt-
J. CARROLL PAVNE-Continucd from Page 118
United States and in 1935 was invested by Pope Pius XI with the Order of St. Gregory the Great, the highest honor that can come to a member of the Catholic laiety. The investiture at the Sacred Heart Catholic Church assembled Catholic dignitaries from all over the section.
A life-long patron of the arts, Mr. Payne contributed of his time and finances to cultural movements in Atlanta. He was one of the guarantors of every opera season here and for five years was president of the Atlanta Art Association, aiding in establishing on a permanent basis the High Museum of Art, made possible by Mrs. J. M. High's donation of her home on Peachtree Street.
Several years ago Mr. Payne was voted by the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce as Atlanta's most distinguished citizen.
Until advancing years and failing health precluded Ris active participation in social affairs,

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he was prominently identified with that phase of community life, holding membership in the Capital City Club and the Piedmont Driving Club.
fn addition to his widow, he is survived by two daughters, Mrs. Alex \V. Smith, Jr., and Mrs. Charles T. Hopkins, Jr., both of Atlanta.
DR. THOMAS SPENCER POWELL-Conlimicd from Page 118
efit of the stricken city. With the superb courage and energy which always characterized him, he labored night and day for the relief of the suffering.
When the Civil War came, Dr. Powell devoted nearly all of his time and property to the relief of the sick and wounded soldiers of the Confederacy; and had he done nothing else, his devotion and self-sacrifice during this trying period would entitle him to a high place on the State's roll of honor.
In 1866 Dr. Powell resigned his chair in the Atlanta Medical College to resume the active practice of his profession, and, undismayed by the loss of his properly during the war, he set resolutely about the task of rebuilding his wasted fortune.
Despite the exacting duties of a large and growing practice. Dr. Powell found time to con tribute valuable articles to the press, not only of a professional character but on almost all sub jects involving the public welfare. He was one of the first to foresee Atlania's coming great ness, and wrote a remarkably prophetic pamphlet entitled: Atlanta--Her Past. Present and Fu ture, which enjoyed a wide circulation.
Feeling the need of a first-class medical journal in the South, Dr. Powell established the Southern Medical Record, which, in collaboration with Dr. R. C. Word and others, he con ducted for many years, until other duties compelled him to commit the paper to other hands. He made it one of the leading medical journals of the country, and through articles contribu ted to its columns became known throughout the United States and Europe.
Being impressed with Atlanta's superior advantages in point of location, climate, etc., for an educational center, Dr. Powell, with his associates, organized the Southern Medical College in 1879. This institution immediately took a high stand among the medical colleges of the coun try, and was successfully conducted under the presidency of Dr. Powell until his death, and after wards, with the Atlanta Medical College, was consolidated under the name of the Atlanta Col lege of Physicians and Surgeons.
Jn 1887 Dr. Powell organized the Southern Dental College, as the Dental Department of the Southern Medical College. Success crowned his efforts in this direction also, and the Southern Dental College is one of the largest and most successful institutions of the kind in the country.
Dr. Powell always insisted that a high standard should be maintanicd, and that every pre caution should be taken to see that medical diplomas were granted only to those who were pro-

matter of record that not one of his graduates ever failed to pass the examination prescribed by the State Board of Examiners. He led the fight, both before the Senate legislature and the medi cal associations for the adoption of the three-year course, and it is largely due to his efforts that such a standard of graduation is now required in Georgia.
To Dr. Powell is due the credit of establishing the first public hospital in the city of Atlanta. It was conducted with signal success until the Grady Hospital was erected by the city, when he discontinued it, feeling that its mission had been fulfilled and that his view concerning such a necessity had been publicly endorsed.
The interest which Dr. Powell felt in educational matters was not limited to the medical branch, but he took an important and active part in the promotion of public instruction. He served on the Board of Education for many years, and devoted to the noble cause of education much valuable service. He was one of the pioneers in the work which has placed the public schools of Atlanta among the best in the country. Not only did he take a deep interest in edu cation generally, but in an individual way did a great deal toward its promotion by uniformly encouraging the young with xvhom he came in daily contact to educate themselves, and by urging upon parents the supreme importance of educating their children. Advice was frequently sup plemented by substantial aid, and many a young man of humble origin owes Dr. Powell his education and start in life.
While a man of action rather than of words, Dr. Powell was yet an eloquent and Iforceful public speaker. His addresses before the various medical associations were models of sound

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judgment and logic, and some of his afier-dinner speeches remarkable examples of fine sentiment and beautiful diction.
But, great as may be Dr. Powell's claims to distinction, and strongly marked as were his char acteristics, to those who knew him well he was above all things a big-hearted, great-souled and charitable man. During his long professional career, no call from the needy went unheeded by him. If it was for medical aid, the storms anrl cold of a winter's night were forgotten in his anxiety to relieve the sufferings of a human being. And, with the certainty that he would never receive one cent for his services, he labored as cheerfully and patiently in the hovel of the pauper as he would have done in the palace of a king. If medicines were lacking, he furnished them: if food was needed, he supplied it, and if the sick needed delicacies beyond their means, his purse was open to them. Further, he was the counsellor and adviser and friend ol his large clientele. It is safe to say that no man ever died in Atlanta at whose death more poor people felt that they had lost a personal friend.
He was also especially beloved by the young men with whom he came in contact in the medical college and elsewhere. He never grew old in spirit. He took them into his confidence and counselled them as a fellow worker who had trodden the path upon which they were just entering, and gave them the benefit of the great knowledge which years of study and experience in life had brought to him.
Dr. Powell was twice married; first, in 1847. to Miss Julia Bass, daughter of Rev. Lark in Bass, and granddaughter of Governor Rabun. She died in 1880, and on December 29th, IS82, he was married to Mrs. Jennie Rosebrugh Miller, who survived him.
The long and useful life of Dr. Powell ended on December 30. 1895. at his home in Atlanta, where he peacefully sank into the slumbers of death, surrounded by family and friends. The re mains were interred at Sparta, where repose the remains of kindred and the friends of 1m earlier days.
The only members of his immediate family were his wife and niece, Miss L"na Sperry, who had always lived with and been a daughter to him. \VhiIe making an extended tour abroad Mrs. Powell died suddenly at Cairo, Egypt, on April 11, 1900. Her niece brought her back to the United States, and the interment took place at Salem, Virginia, her old home. Miss Sperry was married to Mr. E. Rivers, of Atlanta, on September 12, 1900.
ERETl'S RIVERS-Cominucd from Page 119
of the Peachtrce Heights School was changed to the E. Rivers School, and it stands as a memorial to the splendid service he rendered for many years. Mr. Rivers was also on the board of the foun ders of Oglethorpe University, having been especially instrumental in having it located in northern Fulton County. He was at one time president of the Atlanta Boys' Club, which later merged with the Y. M. C. A. He was intensely charitable in all his relationships.
Besides founding and directing the activities of the E. Rivers Realty Company, which was long regarded as one of Atlanta's leading real estate firms, Mr. Rivers was active in many other impor tant and diversified enterprises. At his death he was president of the Atlanta Joint Stock Land Bank, an institution which has made available millions of dollars to the farmers of the State in mortgage loans under the Federal Loan Act.
Mr. Rivers served as a member of the governing board and as president of the Capital City Club and took a deep interest in its affairs. He was also a member of the Piedmont Driving Club, the Druid Hills Golf Club, the Atlanta Home Association and the Atlanta Real Estate Board. He was a Mason. Knight Templar and a member of Yaarab Temple, A. A. O. X. M. S. Mr. Rivers also belonged to the North Avenue Presbyterian Church and gave freely to this insti tution his time and financial backing. He was a member of the executive committee, vice presi dent, and business manager of the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial Association, and con tributed a great deal of his time to the development of the great project at Stone Mountain.
Quiet by nature, his many important contributions to civic and sectional uplift were done with out ostentation. He essentially was a man of action and he preferred to let his work speak for it self. He was widely known and popular, yet within a close circle of friends he was even more earn estly appreciated as a man possessing many commendable virtues. Mr. Rivers was a broad-gauged, high-minded man whose activities touched life at many points and for years he occupied a fore most position among Atlanta's strong and able business men. He was an excellent type of those men of vision, poise, and courage who have made the "Xew South" an actuality.
Mr. Rivers was noted also for his fine hospitality and his barbecues at his home were famous.

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Frank L. Stanton wrote a poem about his barbecue, which is reproduced herewith:
Talk o' Georgia barbecues--you'll ncvrr know ihcir charm Till you taste their juiq- flavors at Roxborough Farm! "Hi!" says the darkey-man, "dcy won't be any leP: Ocy'll rush de table, clean dc pan: E. Rivers is dc chef." Fourth of July--one o'clock--and Rivers' friends arc comin'. In jolly loads they'll keep the road to Rivers' farm a hummin'. To joyous friends E. Rivers sends a hearty invitation. Hail, July 4! Pass plates for more, and cat to beat the nation.
Jn his death which occurred March 30th, 1932, Atlanta lost one of her real builders. As the Atlanta Journal said of him in its editorial comment: "A good man, a splendid citizen, and he will be long and gratefully remembered." He was CO years of age. Mr. Rivers married Miss Una Sperry, daughter of Thomas and Margaret Sperry, of Bedford. Va., who survives him.
FRANK MASON ROBINSON-Continued from Page 119
directed labors were a vital element in the upholding of one of the greatest industries in the
country. In Fairfield, Iowa, Mr. Robinson was united in marriage to Miss Laura Clapp, who survives
him. Their son, Harris, was graduated at Georgia Military Academy, with the highest military rank of the school, and received his higher education at Emory University. Goldie, their daughter, is the wife of Dr. Cecil Stockard, who is a well known physician of Atlanta.
Mrs. Robinson is president of the Atlanta Child's Home, which she founded in 1907, and since then the Home has sheltered approximately four thousand mothers and babies. The ages of the children range from one to 6vc years, and a boarding department is maintained. A unique feature of the work is that the mother, too, may be taken into the home, her services paying the board of herself and baby, and when she must go out into the world to earn a living the baby is kept without compensation for as many months as she has served in the home.
During the summer of 1923 the Home was moved from Angier Avenue to the present beautiful location on the Hightower road--a change made possible through the generosity of Mr. Robinson. He served for nine months in thCivil War and was honorably discharged owing to continued illness. Along fraternal lines he was connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which he joined while a resident of Sibley, Iowa. He was an enthusiastic Atlantan and participated in many movements for the betterment of civic conditions. He was an earnest, helpful member of the First Christian Church and carried his religion into his daily life, in which it found beautiful expression. He was for many years an elder in the church and teacher of the Delta Alpha Bible class for young women. He left a name fragrant with good deeds and the following tribute was paid to his memory by J. [. \Villard, associate editor of The Friendly Hand:
"All of the men who grew up under the original company came under the influence of Mr. Robinson and learned to respect him and to hold for him a genuine affection. He was a lovable man, a loyal friend and a thorough Christian gentleman. Along about 1897 it was my privilege and pleasure to be associated with Mr. Robinson's office in the capacity of a secretary. I count those days as having been worthwhile. In my formative days it was a rare privilege to be thrown in every-day contact with a man of such gentleness of spirit and honesty of purpose as Mr. Robin son possessed. No man could ask for a greater opportunity for his own son than that he might share such an apprenticeship as was given to those who came under his tutelage. The gentle ness of his character and the fineness of his ever-ready courtesy are outstanding in his memory.
"People have been known to remark that Mr. Robinson gave too much of his time and money to the poor. Considering the pleasure he received from the work he did, he was satisfied with the rewards. He was continually working for and with the poorer people of Atlanta. There were many opportunities for his associates to observe how deeply he was interested in charity and how much and how freely he gave. His modesty kept his right hand from knowing the work of the left hand. All of us could tell of innumerable little deeds of kindness that he did, but he would prefer that they be left untold."
AMOS GILES RHODES-Continucd from Page 120
thusiastically Southern in his sympathies, as indicated by the beautiful Tiffany window --The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy -- that adorns his late residence, now the home of the Georgia Department of Archives and History. To his love for humanity, the governing boards of the Home for Incurables, Home for Old Women and other institutions can testify.
Of outstanding importance to the historical work of the State is the recent gift of the resi-

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dence of the late Mr. A. G. Rhodes as a home for the State Department of Archives and His tory. The tender of the property was made in May of 1929 and the resolution of acceptance, having passed both houses of the General Assembly, was signed by Governor Hardman August 12, 1929. This resolution, introduced by Senator J. Render Terrell, reads in part as follows:
"Whereas Joseph D. Rhodes and Mrs. Louana Rhodes Bricter, as sole legatees and sole heirs at law of A. G. Rhodes, deceased, formerly a prominent and patriotic citizen o Fulton Coun ty, Georgia, have generously tendered to the State of Georgia a deed conveying fee simple title to that real estate in the City of Atlanta and Fulton County and known as the 'Rhodes Home' (said property being fully described in deed of conveyance), the consideration of said deed being their love for the State o Georgia and interest in the preservation of its records and historical docu ments and in the education and welfare of the citizens of Georgia, said property to be held by the State of Georgia forever in fee simple, conditioned only thai said property shall be used by said State for historical as distinguished from ordinary business purposes, including the preser vation of historical emblems, documents, and records of all kinds bearing upon the history of our State and nation, and including also the housing of rare volumes, manuscripts, books, docu ments, trophies, pictures, souvenirs, relics, statuary, and works of art pertaining to the history and development of the State of Georgia, which may be obtained from loans, gifts, or otherwise; * Resolved, that the gift of said property be and the same is hereby accepted, and * * that the General Assembly of the State of Georgia hereby gives expression of its high apprecia tion of the generosity of the said J. D. Rhodes and Mrs. Louana Rhodes Bricker and of the patriotic and public-spirited motives actuating ihem in making said gift. * * That the Depart ment of Archives and History of the State of Georgia * shall be removed to and be located in the building so conveyed, which shall be the permanent home of said Department and set aside to iis exclusive use * * ."
The property, with a taxable value of 5100,000, is located on Peachtree Street near the junc tion with Spring. The lot has a frontage of 146i/ feet and a depth of 2-18 feet. The house is built of Stone Mountain granite, has some twenty-odd rooms and is very beautifully decorated, with interest ceniering in a Tiffany window--or group of three windows--memoralizing the Southern Confederacy.
The name, Rhodes Memorial Hall, was given the building by action of the State Historical Commission, the governing board of the Department of Archives and History, at a meeting held in the office of the Governor May I, 1929, to consider the tender of the property.
During the recent fall months the house was made ready for the several collections of the Archives Department. The kitchen wing of the main floor was shelved for the MS. records: the first floor was shelved and packed almost to capacity with printed records, largely the stock of departmental publications; and all museum materials, including the oil portraits, historic pieces of furniture, war relics, etc., were moved and arranged for display.
Plans for the future center around the upbuilding of the MS. collection with its three divi sions, state, county and private papers; the pictorial collection of daguerreotypes, photographs and portrait miniatures: and relics that depict the life and development of the people generally. By request certain rooms in the house have been set aside for the special collection of relics and records of the Atlanta Historical Society, the U. D. C., the Old Guard of Atlanta and the Span ish-American War Veterans.
ROBERT F. SHEODEN-Cominucd from Page 120
At all times until his retirement he was zealous in every forward movement looking toward the betterment of Atlanta. With a small group of public-spirited men he promoied the erection of the Flatiron Building at Peachtree and Broad, which is one of the city's oldest office buildings. His keenest delight and his highest satisfaction came 10 him through his private benefactions. He was a friend to hundreds of little orphans and was greatly interested in the Decatur Orphans' Home where, because of his activity in raising funds for its support and his own generous con tributions, a home is called "Shedden Cottage."
Mr. Shedden married Miss Laulie Ray, daughter of John D. and Mary Rawson Ray. of At lanta. She had lived at her father's plantation near Xewnan until she was ten years of age. In later life Mr. Shedden's interest in social services and rural improvement was manifested in the development of the old Ray plantation into a model community and town which he called Ray mond, Ga. Here he established the Mary Ray Memorial School and donated land and money for the building of a Baptist church for the white people. He also gave land and means for building there two colored churches and a school.
Mr. Shedden died April 8, 1930. He is survived by his wife, two daughters. Mary (Mrs. Rob-

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ert L. Foreman, Jr.), and Harriet (Mrs. Henry Grady, Jr.); and a son, William F., is a graduate of Georgia School of Technology. Although Atlanta was his adopted city, no native son could have served her more faithfully or have won the admiration and esteem of her citizens more
fully.__________________________________________________________
JOHN MARSHALL SLATON-Conlinucd from Page 121
women of Georgia. Mr. Slaton is a member of the Trinity Methodist Church and the Capital City, Piedmont Driving, Elks, Druid Hills Golf, and Atlanta Athletic clubs. He belongs to the Yaarab Temple, Mystic Shrine, Scottish Rite, Knights of Pythias, Odd Fellows, and is a Phi Beta Kappa. He also is a member of the Atlanta, Georgia and American Bar Associations.
On January 10. 1936, former Governor Slaton was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor of France by the French government.
GEORGE M. TRAYLOR-Continucd from Page 122
On June 16, '885, at St. Luke's Cathedral, Atlanta, Ga., Colonel Traylor was united in mar riage to Miss Mary Harper Couper, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Maxwell Couper. Bishop John W. Beckwith performed the ceremony; and to this happy union were born the following children: George McDonald Traylor, Jr. died when an infant; Mary Couper Traylor (Mrs. Ru dolph John Thiesen), of Atlanta, Ga.; Margaret Couper Traylor (Mrs. Cornelius Thomas Durham), of Miami. Fla., and Eudora Couper Traylor (Mrs. Wm. Alien Putnam. Jr.), and Frances Pardee Traylor (Mrs. Otey McClellan) ,both of New York.
Colonel Traylor was in politics a Democrat and in religion a Methodist, belonging to the First Methodist Church, Atlanta, Ga., of whose board of stewards he was long an active member. He removed from LaGrangc to Atlanta more than fifty years ago and had lived here contin uously ever since. He had been retired for the last twenty years. But for more than three decades he was a conspicuous figure in the industrial world, where he was an extensive manufacturer of tobacco, for years operating under the name of the Traylor, Spencer Company, widely known throughout the South. His factories were located in Danville, Va. Colonel Traylor died in Atlanta, Ga., at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. Thiesen, August 30, 1932. Surviving Mr. Traylor, besides his four daughters, are two sisters, Mrs. Thomas Northen and Miss Eliz abeth Traylor, of Troup County, Ga.
Everyone whose privilege it was to know Mr. George M. Traylor can but feel a personal loss in his death. During his residence of more than half a century in Atlanta, he made the kind of friendships that grow rarer and dearer with time. The community honored him for what he did, for his sterling citizenship, his distinguished, well-earned success in affairs, his in tegrity and public spirit. But those who were his neighbors or associates valued him. above all, for what he was. They knew his human kindness, his devotion to things higher than worldly good-fortune, and they knew something of his innumerable charities, notwithstanding he did them with careful modesty.
Though one old acquaintance after another passed on, Mr. Traylor as he entered his eighties found himself still rich in friends, for he continually and almost unconsciously made them. Now, at four-score and two. he is gone; but his works live abundantly after him.
GEORGE ALBERT VEACH-Continucd from Page 123
carried back to Adairsville for interment. Mr. Veach continued to make Atlanta his home, and on April 29, 1926, married Miss Annie B. Tankersley.
At the age of seventy-four, after a long, active, and useful life, having won the esteem and ad miration of all who knew him, Mr. Veach passed away at his home in Atlanta in 1936, at 34 Peachtree Battle Avenue, and was buried in East View Cemetery. The cemetery of East View was given to the town of Adairsville by Mr. Veach and his father.
GEORGE WINSHIP-Cominucd from Page 124
were born; third, to Elizabeth Thiot (Widow of Bailey), who has borne him one child. Fi%'e of his children are living at this time (1907), all showing themselves worthy descendants of the noble line from which they are sprung.
Mr. Winship received his education in the village academy at Clinton, Ga., at which place he lived until he was seventeen years of age, when he came to Atlanta, and entered the iron works ol his father, where he learned the machinists' trade. There he fixed those habits of life, as well as acquired the skill, by which his success in life has been won.
His principal business has been that of manufacturer, mainly as the manufacturer of cotton

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ginning machinery in the same place where he learned the machinists' trade. But besides suc cess in this branch of commerce, he has been drawn, by reason of his great financial ability, into a number of other lines. He was a director for many years of two Building and Loan Associa tions. He has been also a director of the Atlanta Home Insurance Company from its organiza tion, of which he is the Vice-president at this time. When the Trusi Company of Georgia Avas organized he was made a director, and for many years served on its Executive Commiuec and as its Vice-President. He was also a director of the Merchants Bank of Atlanta, and when that cor poration was liquidated he was one of the receivers appointed to wind up its affairs. He is Presi dent of the Atlanta Banking and Savings Company and a director of the Atlanta Ice and Coal Company.
But while Mr. \Vinship has been eminently successful as a business man, he has not limited his efforts to personal and private ends. He has served well many public interests, and his unself ish devotion to the good of others is as marked as the ability with which he has managed great enterprises and the modesty with which he has lived a spotless Christian life.
He served gallantly in the Confederate Army, as a member of Cobb's Legion, from the spring of 1862 to the end of the War Between the States. He has never sought or accepted political office, but as Jury Commissioner of Fulton county, for twelve years, and as Water Commissioner of the City of Atlanta, for eight years, he rendered most valuable services. He has been a trustee ol Emory College, Oxford, Ga., for many years, and has made most generous gifts for the betterment of that old and honored foundation for Christian learning. He is also a trustee of the Georgia State School of Technology, bringing to the service of (hat excellent institution the technical skill acquired in youth and the financial wisdom and administrative ability of his maturcr years.
Admirable as are his mental characteristics and notable as have been his successes in matters of a material sort, his highest traits of excellence arc disclosed in his lofty Christian life. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. South, from his youth, and of the Firsi Meth odist church, Atlanta, which he has long served as Steward and Trustee during the last fifty-four years. In all these years, stretching over more than half of a century, no good work of his Church has lacked the devotion of his great heart, the skill of his wise head, or the help of his generous hand. Besides the official positions he holds in the particular church of which he is a member, he is also a trustee of the Wesley Memorial Church and of the Wesley Memorial Hospital, being a member of the Executive Committee of the latter board. These enterprises have been the beneficiaris of his philanthropy while they have been blessed by the wise counsel and careful oversight he has given as a trustee of their interests. It is not too much to say that if Georgia Methodism should project any enterprise for the glory of God and the blessing of men, George Winship would be unanimously chosen among the first half-dozen men selected to manage it. His brethren look to him whenever they set forward any plan of benevolence, and he never disappoints them.
His moral characteristics are industry, integrity, punctuality, charity, modesty and serene faith. Asked to say what qualities he would commend to young people as the basis of irue success in life he replied, "Be truthful, be brave to do right, love God. and love your neighbor as your self." He lives up to this exhortation.
The beauty of his character is seen in its perfect symmetry and balance. His virtues never run to compromise nor fanaticism: they look like they were carefully intended and carried to perfection with the precision of an artist's hand. It never seems to strain him to be the good man he is; he has great reserves of mental and moral power, against which he draws with ease and quiet confidence. A more perfectly rounded man it would be hard to find. His body is robust, a suitable habitation for the broad mind and strong soul which dwell within it. In even'relation of life, private and public, he is four-square and faultless. If he has human infirmities, as all men have, they are so minor when compared with his virtues, that those who know him best find it hard to see them. The writer of this sketch has known him many years, and has heard him men tioned in many circles of men; but he has never heard an ill word said of him. Criticizing ad versely George Winship would be certain self-condemnation in the city of Atlanta, where he has lived more than fifty years. At the sight of him affectionate approval rises in the heart and terms of eulogy fall from the lips of men who have eyes to perceive and hearts to love genuine and unos tentatious goodness.
--Above skclfli written in 1907 by Bishop IV. A. Candlcr.
Mr. Winship died April II, 1916. at his winter home in Sarasota. Fla.. and is survived by his widow, one daughter and three sons.

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CHARLES ROBERT WIXSHIP-Cominucd from Page 125
died in September, 1899, while his widow survived until 1916, when she passed away in Atlanta. They had a family of four children: Charles R., the subject of this review; Mrs. Ernest Woodruff, Mrs. Elizabeth W. Bates and Mrs. George C. Walters.
Charles R. Winship was bom in Atlanta, December 18, 1863, attended the Boys' High school, then at the corner of Washington and East Mitchell streets, graduating in the class of 1881. His more advanced education was secured in the university at Dahlonega, Georgia, where he attend ed for two years. A business, rather than a professional, career appealed to him, and too, being an only son, it was quite natural for him to enter his father's business. The young man had worked in the plant during summer vacations from the time he was a boy and had acquired a fair practical knowledge of certain departments, so that when he began his real business career in the Winship plant it was not as a novice. He applied himself assiduously to the task of learn ing the business, and his advancements came as in recognition of work well done and his capac ity for assuming greater responsibilities, fn 1887 he succeeded his father as vice-president of the Winship Machine Company and subsequently succeeded his uncle George Winship as president, and continued as the executive head of the company until 1899. In that year the Winship Ma chine Company was included in the big merger of interests connected with the cotton gin in dustry in forming the Continental Gin Company and has ever since been one of the units of that corporation, which manufactures cotton ginning machinery with plants in Atlanta, Birmingham, Dallas, Memphis, and Avondale, Alabama. Charles R. Winship became one of the vice-presidents of the Continental Gin Company, with full management of the Atlanta plant, and continued in that capacity until 1919, when he resigned on the adivce of his physician.
Mr. Winship was one of the directors of the Atlanta & Lowry National Bank; also a director of the Fulton Supply Company. On April 10, 1890, he was married to Miss Ida Atkins, a daugh ter of Joseph W. Atkins, a hat manufacturer and one of Atlanta's substantial business men. Mr. and Mrs. Winship have three daughters: Emily W., now the wife of Hugh M. Scott; Ida W., who is the wife of D. T. McKinnon and has a son, Charles W., born December 2, 1920; and Frances W., who married George B. Raine and has a daughter, Mary Frances, born January 3, 1926.
Mr. Winship belonged to the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fra ternity, the Piedmont Driving Club, and the Capital City Club. In his religious connection he was a member of the First Presbyterian Church and was for years an elder of the church. He had a long and honorable identification with Atlanta's business and industrial interests, in fact his entire life was spent in this city where his activities were a substantial contribution to At lanta's industrial prosperity. He was not only a very successful business man but a man of high ideals whose personal worth was recognized br hosts of friends, not only a few of whom knew him from boyhood. Mr. Winship was looked upon as one of the city's strong and capable men of business, enjoying an enviable reputation in the community in which his father and grand father were also highly respected. In his death, Atlanta lost a dominant factor in her moral and cultural development.
DAVID WOODWARD-Continucd from Page 125
above the sphere of affairs. He made work-a-day success the means to rare and beautiful ends. The public knew little of his philanthropies, and nothing at all of his personal charities. But those whose mission it is to visit the poor and befriend the distressed will declare that Atlanta has had no freer heart or hand than David Woodward's. In the darkest day and most critical he could be counted upon as a tower of strength for human helpfulness and human rights.
Utterly free from the cant of self-righteousness, he found his happiest labors in St. Luke's Episcopal Church, of which he was for years senior warden and which owes to him no little of its generous power in the community's life. His friendships were those of a man who, without seeking popularity, inspires trustfulness and esteem. A true citizen, a spirit "finely touched to fine issues"--so he lived and so will he be remembered.
He was a member of of the Capital City, Piedmont Driving and Druid Hills Golf Clubs. His death occurred July 16, 1931, at the age of 75 years. He is survived by a daughter, Miss Marian Woodward.

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WILLIAM H. WRICLEY-Continued from Page 126
their own building, on northwest Cain Street, the building having been originally designed by Mr. W. H. Wrigley.
Mr. Wrigley was a pioneer in the American and International Association of Photo Engravers and held many national offices in the early part o f the century. He was always active in Chamber of Commerce work, a very charitable man who gave freely of his worldly goods to the suffering, a devoted member of the Sacred Heart Church, and a member of the Knights of Columbus.
His four sons, N'orman J., Everett, William, Eugene, and two daughters, Mrs. J. G. Murphy and Mrs. Joseph Peer, and his widow still survive him. N'orman, Everett and Eugene are with the Wrigley companies in Atlanta.
JAMES O. WYNN-Continued from Page 126
At the time he became southern manager of the Prudential, Mr. Wynn formed a partner ship with Mr. Frank Hawkins and Mr. Joseph A. McCord so that they could aid in financing the office. Within a year Mr. Wynn was able to buy their interests and became the sole owner of the agency. He firmly believed in advertising and promoted an advertising campaign for the Prudential which was entirely new in insurance circles, but aided in bringing in a large volume of business. His offices occupied the entire second floor of what is now the Grant Building. This building largely through his efforts was erected and financed in major part by the Prudential. According to contract, it bore the name Prudential for ten years after it was completed.
Mr. Wynn finally sold out his interests in the Prudential agency, and before he could enter into other business he was approached by Comptroller-General Wright, in his capacity as insur ance commissioner, and asked to take charge of the Cosmopolitan Life Insurance Company, which had become involved financially. With consummate skill he so directed the interests of this company that the stockholders made a small margin of profit when the company was turned over to another organization. He was known throughout the country as an insurance authority. He was a special friend and was closely associated %\ith Shephard Homans. known as one o the world's greatest actuaries.
Ten years before his death Mr. Wynn retired from active business. He was a charter mem ber of the old University Club as well as an early member of the Capital City Club and the Piedmont Driving Club. He was affiliated with many other social and civic organizations.
Mr. Wynn first married Miss Cora F. Nutting, who is deceased. He is survived by three chil dren of this marriage: Alexander M. of Leesburg, Ga.: Cora (Mrs. M. X. Fleming), and Major Charles A. Wynn of the U. S. Marines. He later married Miss Adelaide Evans, a member of a prominent Mississippi family, and she also survives him. He died November 15, 1925.

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1837-ATLANTA CENTENNIAL-- 1937

ATLANTA TODAY
IN LITERATURE - SPORTS - INDUSTRY

MARGARET MITCHELL Author of "Cone With the Wind"

I N recent years many citizens of Atlanta have brought fame to their home town in various line.- of activity.
From this list we have selected three outstand ing names who have made Atlanta well known to the rest of the world because their own achieve ments have won world wide recognition.
Margaret Mitchell, author of "Gone With the Wind" has written an a]] time "best seller,** now translated into many languages. The book deals with the "War Between the States" and the scenes are laid in and around Atlanta.
Bobby Jones is generally recognized as the greatest golfer of all times. In 1930 he won the grand slam of the golfing world--The British Open, the British Amateur--the United States Open and the United States Amateur.
Paul S. H.iuton has brought Atlnnin to the attention of the world as a manufacturing city. The science of interchangeable manufacturing, in which American Engineers are the acknowledged leaders of the world, has brought the automobile, the radio, the electric refrigerator and countless other conveniences within the reach of rnost everyone. The automatic pencil is a notable ex ample of this modern science of manufacturing, and the acknowledged leader in this field is the Scripto Pencil designed by Paul S. Hauton.

PAUL S. HAUTON
Industrial Engineer General Manager Scripto Mfg. Co.

ROBERT T. JONES World's Greatest Golfer

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HISTORY OF THE S. P. RICHARDS PAPER COMPANY
Established 18-13
ALMOST A CENTURY OF SERVICE TO SOUTHERN PRINTERS
.-t memorial to Samuel P. Richards, the founder of the business, gii'tug a short sketch of his life, and his relations vith Georgia Baptists.
The history of Mr. Richards is closely interwoven with that of the Baptists of Georgia, and particularly with [he old Second Baptist church of Atlanta. In 1869 he was elected clerk of the church, and hdd that position for thirt\-si\ consecutive \cars, finally declining re-election on ;iceoum of his advanced age, but accepting election as a mcmlxrr of the hoard of deacons, besides having Ixxn continuously a teacher in the Sunday school and director of the church choir.
He was born. March 3rd. 1821, in ihe linlc village of Hooknorton, Oxfordshire, England, almost in the shadow of the great Oxford University. \Vhvn still a \oung boy. his father, who was a Baptist minister, brought ihe entire family over to this country, and located in Huison City, \. V. Afier Imng there for a number of \car> the family decided that they would m their fortunes in the Somh. and mo\cd to I'cnncUl. Ga.. where the >oung son Samuel entered ihc freshman class at Mercer in the term of 18-16. Leaving college in 1S18, he and his brother Jain.1/ went into the relail book and stationery business at Macon. Ga.. under the firm of the ]. J. iS. 1*. KichimK. and ai thnt lime wcie known as the leading hooV store in the South.
Ten \c,irs later Mr. Richards married, and in 1861 the business uas moxcd to Atlaiua. and continued under the same firm name for a few years, when he bought out the interest of his brother, and took into the firm his eldest sou. Arthur, and the business was continued as S. I*. Richards .< Sou. doing a wholesale and retail business in paper, books, and stationery.
In 189-1. tu'o \cars after the death of Arthur Richards, the senior member, having arri\cd at the proicrhial age of threescore years and ten. decided to retire from active business iifc. and turned the business o\cr to his three remaining sons. Russell. George, and Walter. At this time the business was valued at 520,000. and uas not much of a money malccr, due partly lo the fact that it was operated at a rather heavy oxer-head expense, and ai an expen sive location on Whitehall St. The younger sons were anxious to get imo ihc wholesale business exclusively, and it was at this lime that ihc business was reorganised un:lcr the firm name of The S. P. Richards Company, doing c\chisi\clx a wholesale business.
The terms of ale by the :nior owner to the thrx sons were that if a success of the new \eniure w.is made the toxs would eventually pay the father the S20.000 out of the profits of the business, but if a success was not made the debt against the toys was to be cancelled. From this time, which was 12 vcars ago. afier locating in a less expensive situation, and cutting down considerable over-head expense, the business immediate!* began to grow by leaps and Itounds, and ihc dclu was completely wiped out \\ithin three or four \ears. and ihc senior member, who died in 1910, lived to sec ihc old business on a rock Ixniom basis, and firmly established in it*, own pi-rm.incut home located at 1C6. IfiS and 1"0 Central Avc- S. W.
In 1J>3I. upon the death of Walter Richards, the business was incorporated under ihc name of S. P. Richards Paper Company. Russell Richards having been elected President of the Corporation and holding the majoritv of the slock, the balance being held by his brother George and his sisters. The other officers at the present time are. Mr. W. A. Rhodes. Vice-President and Treasurer; Mr. A. W. Rhodes. Assistant Treasurer, and Mr. F. I". Hill, Secretary.
Samuel P. Richards* private life xvas an exemplary one, simple and self-sacrificing almost to a fault, and consecrated to the service ol his church and God.
The present business has many valuable assets in the way of mill connections, private brands, and exclusive agencies for mill brands, which have been acquired from time to time, but its greatest asset has been the priceless heritage of the long and unblemished private and business career of the honored predecessor. With such an inspi ration the present management have endeavored to follow the business policy of this most worthy predecessor, and how well they have succeeded might be evidenced from the fact thai they enjoy the confidence and esteem of the trade all through the entire section for their uniformly fair and honest treatment of all their patrons, and conse quently the business now is many times greater than it was when turned over to them, and it can well and truly be claimed by them to be the oldest house and the leading house of its kind in the entire South.

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AWTRY & LOWNDES MARKS 21ST YEAR
The firm of Awtry & Lowndes, Inc., funeral directors, at 21 Cain street, \. W. observes the 21st anniversary of its first funeral, held less than a week after the foundation of this now wellknown and firmly established institution.
A fifth of a century ago Joseph W. Awtry, previously engaged in a mercantile line, and Frank B. Lowndes, already a thoroughly experienced funeral director, joined in the partnership which has brought them today, to a coveted place in their field.
During the years that have ensued, Mr. Awtry asserts, many changes have occurred in the profession of funeral direction, and Awtry and Lowndes has followed each development pro gressively and with a determination to keep its sen-ice in the forefront.
"Together," he declares, "we have sought to build our business on the bedrock of character, integrity, and service. We feel we have succeeded--to the end that we can point with a justifiable pride to seven definite points of excellence in our service: sympathy, thoughtfulness, friendliness, kindness, reasonableness, efficiency and understanding."
Mr. Awtry points further to the fact that the firm during the two decades since its estab lishment, has kept step with every permanent modern trend of the profession. It has seen the funeral establishment drop its erstwhile pall of gloom and become a place of brightness and cheer, where saddened spirits, in their hours of grief, may be lifted. In keeping with this trend, the Awtry ft Lowndes building is well lighted, and flowers, curtains and bright walls combine to make its reception room, and chapel and other rooms places of spiritual uplift rather than of spirit depression.
The Awtry Sfc Lowndes establishment, centrally located, is completely equipped to render every service in connection with the funeral and burial. Long-experienced and licensed morti cians are on duty at all hours, prepared to take charge when death comes, and the well-rounded service of the establishment is designed to lift the burdens of funeral arrangements from the shoulders of the family in their hours of grief.
An air-conditioned chapel entirely shut off from the noises of the down-town traffic, free parking facilities, individual family rooms where relatives of the deceased may read or sit in silent communion with the departed one, and a casket display room arc but a few of the out standing features of the Awtry & Lowndes establishment.
Mr. Awtry and Mr. Lowndes invite the public to visit their establishment on Cain street and to see for themselves the completeness of the service they are prepared to render.

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161

The Most Looked-Up-To Address In Atlanta

Considerate Service

The Mirror of Atlanta
In Her Hundredth Year-
A city is judged by its hoick. TV. They, in turn, reflect the type and progress of a commu nity.
Atlanta has made great stride* in its first 100 years and the AT LANTA BILTMORE HOTEL is a veritable mirror, in which may be seen Atlanta as a great distributing center, an industrial town, a city xvherc hundreds of conventions are held each year, and truly the metropolis of the South. Apace with such a city is the BILTMORE with its ample facilities.
Located away from the business districi. here it is comfor table and quiet, and yet close enough in to be convenient to "everywhere."
600 outside rooms, 600 baths, spacious auditoriums, com mittee rooms, ball rooms, lobbies, mezzanine, inside dining rooms, outside terrace for dining and dancing, gardens, park ways, and unlimited parking space for cars-
Make the Atlanta Biltmore your Atlanta address--it's one that carries prestige. And withal, the rates are surprisingly moderate!
Atlanta Biltmore Hotel
Fifth to Sixf/i Sfrecfs Between the Famed Pcacfttrees

162

:i? - A T L A \ T A G E N T E N N 1 A L -- 1 9.S7

OBERDORFER INSURANCE AGENCY
FOR MORE THAN HALF A CENTURY HAS PIONEERED INSURANCE SERVICE AND PROTECTION

is a Past President of the Atlanta Junior Chamber of Commerce, Past Commander of Atlanta Post No. 1 of ilie American Legion, has served as Commander of the famous "Gate City Guard." Director of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, and as Grand Superior of the Phi Epsilon Pi fraternity. He is a member of the Standard Club, "Old Guard," Masonic Order and Shrine. Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, Sons of Confederate \Yteruns and has been decorated with the medal of the Daughters of the Confederacy. He served as Assistant and as Acting Adjutant-General of Georgia, and after 20 years* service in the Georgia National Guard retired with the rank of Brigadier-General. He is President of the Fidelity Trust Company, a director of the Atlanta
Ice and Bottling Company, Trustee of the Steincr Estate and of the Steiner Cancer Clinic of Crady Hospital. He married Miss Lnla Ifcihcttc Hirsch. daughter of Mr. ami Mrs. Joseph H. Hirsch. in 1923.

In 1921 Mr. Donald Oberdorfer, the Founder's younger son. also a native Allantan, graduated from the Uni
versity of Georgia with the degree of Bachelor of Sci
ence in Commerce, after having completed his second ary education at Marist College in Atlanta.

He is a member of the Elks, the Masons and ihe Shrinf. He is an enthusiastic golfer and belongs to the
Ingle&ide Country Club and to the Standard Club, hav ing served on the governing boards of both organizations.

He is a member of various business and civic organ
izations. He married Miss Dorothy Bayersdorfer. the daughter of Martin Bayersdorfer of Steubenville. Ohio.

Mr. Donald Oberdorfer is Vice-President of the Ober-

dorfer Insurance Agency. Inc., and is responsible to no

El'CENE OBEHDORFER. SENIOR

Founder

small degree for ihe Company's progress and growth.

Mr. Joseph H. Hirsch is chairman of ihe Board of

Having conducted a large and successful insurance business with headquarters in Jacksonville. Florida, fur
a number of years, in 1895 the k-le Eugene Oberdorfer. Senior idicea^ed February 22nd. 19311 moved his of

Directors, which besides the Company's officers, inelmles Gabriel H. Schoen. Welborn B. Cody. Simon S. Selig.
Harold Hirsch, A. W. Rosenfeld. Emil Dittler, and L. B. Lilienthal.

fices to ,\llanta. where suitable quarters were estab lished in the old Could Building.

Hy more than fifty years of conscientious, intelligent and pro gressive service in the community, the Oberdorfer Insurance

From the nineteenth century on through the years Agency. Inc.. has earned the high confidence which the insuring

the high ideals and progressive spirit of the Founder public and insurance fraternity alike have accorded, and deserv

has characterized the development and growth of the "Oberdorfer Insurance Agency. Inc.". whose efficient staff is nnw quartered on ihe second floor of ihe William-

edly receives recognition as one of the pioneer enterprises which have contributed toward making possible the celebration of At lanta's progress.

OH\er Building, at Atlanta's historic "Five Points."

"The Agency of Service," which was adopted many years ago as a symbolic slogan, has for mure than half
a century rendered insurance service and protection of a most valuable nature to ihe insuring public.

Some years' ago, when the business was incorporated. Brigadier-General Eugene Oberdorfer (Georgia Nation
al Guard. Retired >. the Founder's eldest son. became President of the Corporation. Born in Atlanta, and a graduate of Marist College and of the University of Georgia (B.S. 19161, General Oberdorfer served in the
Army with the Fifth Georgia Infantry on the Mexican Border in 1916 and 1917. When war was declared
against Germany he was assigned to the 122nd Infantry, serving with that regimen! and later as an Officers Train-
ing Camp Instructor, and with the 80th I'. S. Infantry 11'. S. Army* until after the Armistice.

Thereafter he returned to Atlanta anil entered the insurance business. He has served in various civic, mili
tary and social organizations as an active leader. He

EUGENE OBERDORFER President

DONALD OBERDORFER Vicc-Prritidvnt

1837 --ATLANTA C E x T E x x i A L--1SK57

lf>3

THE STUDEBAKER CORPORATION
18:>2- 1937
The Studebaker brothers, and their father before them, were blacksmiths, woodworkers, and wagon makers by trade. Stretch ing over a period of two generations, they developed and ex panded the Studebaker horse-drawn vehicle business until it reached world-wide proportions. Their story is one of hopes and plans, of failures and successes, of crucial experiences thrilling with human interest, but there is revealed enough to show the sturdy manhood, sterling character, and steadfast purpose of the men who wrought the great romance of Studebaker Corporation. It is a story of American manhood at its best, typical of the integ rity, industry, courage, vision and perseverance upon which the big business of our country has been built. Frugality, industry, self-denial, and honesty characterized their lives and built the foundation upon which the trade name Studebaker rests today so securely. No trade name in American industry enjoys a better reputation. The corporation has developed into a national insti tution, and hence it is bigger than any man. It will continue to llourish throughout future years as different men come and go. because sound principles are observed in the conduct of the busi ness. These principles are expressed in the advertising of the corporation as follows:
The name "Studebaker" is a household word, broad principle upon which Studebaker business is conducted, and upon which it has prospered for eighty-five years, now grounded upon tradi tion, insures satisfaction to everybody who deals with the House of Studebaker.

11)4

1837 -- A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL-- 1937

'Since 1891

HOME OFFICE BUILDING West Peachtree & Linden Streets
ATLANTA. GEORGIA
The Industrial IB proud to have "grown up" with Atlanta. From a small be ginning in a one-room office in 1891. it has grown into one of the largest companies in the country writing industrial insurance exclusively. Throughout that period of nearly half a century, the Industrial has maintained its Home Office in Atlanta.

Industrial Life & Health Insurance Co.

Home Office

....

Atlanta, Georgia

1837 --AT LA XT A CENTENNIAL-- 1037

165

OTTO SCHtt.IK Chairman f thr jBoarrf Stmthrrn fyiritig Bed Contfnin\
Atlanta. C-enr^in

WHEN IT'S SLEEPY TIME DOWN SOUTH

\Vl:cn ii's sleepy time down South, folks h;ivc pleasant thoughts of dumber In-causc their bedrooms nrc equipped with Writ ( ]> Ixxiding. Red Cross products have been ihc Mandard or quality in the l>cst Son them homes for more than fifty years.
Atlanta-owned and Atlanta-managed since ISS3, the Southern Spring Bed Company makers of Rr<! ( ic\s Ixrdding. has kepi pace with the remarkable growih of Atlanta and [he South. From a small concern making

m:ittrevtcs stuffed with com shucks ant] hand picked IxMiis'iana moss, the compam has 4roivn to one of ihc larfprst makers of hcddiiiR in tlie world. Today its modern, lux urious protlucts arc knouu and \\\ through out the romilnt. Mr. Ouo Schvvah Itccamv ,isvociatc<l uiih the .Southern Spring Bed Com pan \ in IS86. His \Won and forcsij-ht haxc rontrihuicd maicTtally \ft ihc orppiii/alion's prORrcsv He is now chairman of the hoard and takes an acme part in the company's management.

RED CROSS

Mattresses Beds

Springs Suulio Couches

Matt Bv
SOUTHERN SPRING BED COMPANY
ATLANTA, GEORGIA

]fi6

18M7 -- ATLANTA C K N T E N N i A L -- 19"7

*' '"$ L
'-v1 .^
' course it's designed as ifyou had money to burn... but you need that kind of money to buy it... the refreshingly new ibaker State President that came vith this Spring and that's going like the wind in sales! if The only fine car premium missing from this latest masterpiece of Studebaker structure lelen Dryden styling is the customary fine car premium of high ! * It has fine car glow lamps on its fenders... fine car chromitrips on its running boards and sills... fine car custom pillowupholstery of the finest fine car fabrics... door latches that lightly and tightly and silently... a gas-saving automatic overthat rests your engine and the outgo from your income be! * Yet the price of this State President is just a shade above of the low priced standard Studebaker President. And it's of course, on the convenient Studebaker C.I.T. budget plan.
EW STUDEBAKER
RBROLGH MOTOR CO.
560 W. Pearhlrcc Si. ATLANTA
Stole Distributor*

168

1837 -- A T L A x T A CENTENNIAL--] 937

... An Atlanta Industry That Changed the Writing Habits of the World

The modern factory in AHwtl where Sctipto pencils, are made complete from raw material to firtirhed product Here ii installed some of the finest automatk man ufacturing equipment in the coun try. Most of this machinery **>* de signed and bull I in Atlanta by Scripto
To an Atlanta organization goes the credit of originating the world's first practical improvement in pencils for over 100 years. Smudged fingers, messy shavings and troublesome pencil sharpeners went the way of the horse and buggy when Scripto was introduced.
Scripto is always sharp--always ready to write. Points do not break even under a firm hand. The 4-inch lead writes 22,000 words without the bother of reloading. Millions of people in every civilized country use Scripto because it is convenient, dependable and more economical in the long run.
No. M-l Scripto Long-Lead Magazine Pencil--25c
Has magazine with compartments for seven 4-inch leads--enough to write 150,000 words. Scripto eraser mounted under cap. Red, yellow, green and blue barrels with gleaming black trim.
No. 4-47 Scripto Long-Lead Pencil--lOc
A shorter pencil holding a 4-inch lead. Hexagon barrel of unbreakable oxilite in popular colors.
Scripto Long-Leads
in 10 degree* of black and 17 color*.
Especially made for use in mechanical pen cils. Gives you the same superior smooth ness and strength in re fills as the lead which comes in every Scripto pencil. In small breakproof packages at Sc and up.
SCRIPTO
No-Smudge Erasers Do neat clean work quickly. Easily re placed. In handy pack ages at 5c and up.
SCRIPTO MANUFACTURING COMPANY - - ATLANTA, GEORGIA

1837 -- ATLANTA C E N T E N M A L - 1037

160

CHARLES A. GREEN
IScginning his career as an op tician in 1904 with A. K. Hawkes Company, at the time when the city of Atlanta could boast of only three optical finm. Chas. A. Green enjoys the unique ex perience of having practiced in the early days of the profession with equipment, naturally of a very limited type, anil of follow ing the ever increasing trend of advancement until the present day when science has provided the optician and optometrist with the finest and most modern equipment for the accurate test ing of eyes; for the improvement of vision and the correction of ocular defects.
It being the policy of The Hawkes Company to serve not only their Atlanta clientele, hut also a large portion of the South, Mr. Green's duties carried him into a territory comprising eleven Southern and Southwestern States, including Oklahoma, then known as the Indian Territory.
Following the death of Mr. Hawkes in 1917, Mr. Green sev ered his connection with that Company to launch his own en terprise in the Peachtree Arcade in Atlanta, where he has since maintained modernly equipped offices for the scientific care of his consistent and steadily in creasing patronage, a percentage of which still comes from Cities and Towns outside of Atlanta and from patients whom he has served exclusively for many years.
Shortly after establishing himself in the Peachtree Arcade, an organization composed of busi ness men with offices in that building, was formed and known as the Arcade Co-Operative Asso ciation. Mr. Green has served this organi/ation as President and in other capacities. He has also served as Vice-President of the Atlanta Retail Merchants Association and has been otherwise active in many movements for the civic welfare of Atlanta.
Always commanding the respect and esteem of the members of his own profession. Mr. Green also enjoys the friendship of hundreds of business people from every walk of life whose ac quaintance has resulted from his most active career and long residence in Atlanta.

THE YARBROUGH MOTOR COMPANY
Mr. John E. Yarbrough. President of the Yarbrough Motor Company, started selling Studebaker automobiles in \Villiamson. Georgia, in the spring of 1917, in a very small establishment the organization consisting of Mr. Yarbrough and one mechanic. It was there that he saw the possi bility of an automobile distributorship, and after having been very successful for two years in a small way, he bought the Studebaker agency in Griffin, Georgia, in 1919. and operated there with several mechanics and four or five salesmen.
Then in the year 1921, he purchased a distributorship in Atlanta. Georgia, which at that time consisted of only the Counties in Xorth Georgia. The territory under Mr. Yarbrough's manage-

170

37 -- ATLANTA C E \ T E N X I A L -- I 9">7

ment has now increased until the contract covers the entire State of Georgia and a pan of South eastern Tennessee.
As to the personnel of the Company, Mr. Alfred E. Thompson is Vice-President. having been with Studebaker since April. 1919, and was witli the former dealer the A. F. Hill & Company, be fore Mr. Yarbrough came from Crilfin to Atlanta to take over the distributorship.
Mr. J. V. Malcolm is .Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, coming with the A. F. Hill & Company in March 1921, and has constantly been with the Yarbrough Motor Company since its organization. Mr. C. G. Bavne, was also with the former company and started with Studebaker in
the summer of 1919. All of the above have wen cnnvantly "-'i th ^:i.!jn.ti;^li M<n<" , .nnpany since it was organ
ized and through Mr. Yarbro.igh'. generosity he j><_rnuueci the :>lx; .cmioned to purchase some stock in the company, and since the stock is owned by the four mentioned above, Mr. Yarbrough,
Mr. Thompson, Mr. Malcolm and Mr. Baync, there are no outside stock holders and is therefore a closed corporation, with the four stock holders reporting daily for their duties in their respec
tive departments. Mr. Yarbrough, of course, supervises the entire operations of all departments. It is necessary
therefore for him to be in the territory consulting and advising witli the thirty-five dealers through out the State. Mr. A. E. Thompson is located in Atlanta, supervising the retail sales and rendering whatever assistance he can in the organization as a whole. Mr. J. V. Malcolm being Secretary and Treasurer of the company, all ollice management, records, etc., fall under his supervision. Mr. C. G. Bayne is on the road advising with the dealers and rendering whatever service he can to assist
them in sales and sen-ice. The Yarbrough Motor Company is one of the oldest distributors in the South handling the
same line of merchandise over a period of years. It is rather unusual that of the fifty-seven em ployees the average time of each employee is eiht and one-half years. There arc twenty-seven of the employees who have been with the company for len years or longer. Eight of these employees were with the company when it was originally organi/ed.
The sales record of this company is rather uni(|iic in that they have shown a constant increase in their percentage in the medium price group. This. Mr. Yarbrough attributes to retaining old customers and through their assistance adding new.

IMPERIAL BODY WORKS
Complete Automobile Rebuilders

17-19 Piedmont Ave., N.E.

WALNUT
5242

ATLANTA, GEORGIA

PAINTING SIMONIZING
WOODWORK UPHOLSTERING
SEAT COVERS Taylor Made

TOPS RECOVERED GLASS REPLACED BODIES REBUILT FENDERS REPAIRED
HEADLIGHT TESTING SPRING RE-ARCHED

WHEELS BALANCED FRAME ALIGNMENT AXLES, HOUSINGS ACETYLENE and
ELECTRIC WELDING WRECKER SERVICE

f Bear Wheel Aligning, Axle and Frame Straightening

*** * \

Service By Factory Trained Mechanics

REBUILDING WRECKED CARS OUR SPECIALITY

Estimates Given Free

-:-

Wrecker Service