GAZETTEER OF GEORGIA;
CONTAINING
A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE;
Besources, Counties, Towns, Villages,
AND WHATEVER IS USUAL IN STATISTICAL 'WORKS.
BY ADIEL SHERWOOD,
FOURTH EDIT! O 1ST ,
MACON: S. BOYKIl^^ GRIFFIN : BBAWUER & PUTNAM. ATLANTA : J. KICHAKDS. 1860.

In Ike Clt:rk'-=

A "D I K T, S H E "R T e of Use District Court for

AU. c. cap.
Co. Is. m. M.

AJ3BRE VI ATI O NS.

Alabama, Creek: or branch, Capital or place of
public business. County. Island.
Miles. Milledgevillc.

Mt. Mountain.

N. C. North Carolina.

No.^ ^Number.

P- fcost Town. p. phice.

p. v9 "ost Village.

r.
s.

c.

River. South Carolina.

Ten. Tennessee;.

PREFACE.
SHSTC.E the 3d edition of the G-azctteer of Georgia was published, in 1837, some forty new counties have been organized, making the whole number 132. True, since that date Rev. Greorge "White* has issued two statistical works; but as great changes have been made, a new edition of the Gazetteer is demanded. Tho census of 1859 has not been included, because it was not complete at first, as published by the Comptroller General, in the hope that the enumeration of 1860 would be out in time for this work. The papers will print it as early as pos sible, and who a desired can be pasted upon, the inside cover of this book.
Tlie Railroad, routes, with the distances from place to place on the rude maps, will be a .great convenience to travellers, and furnish all the information necessary in. the cars. Over 1,200 miles of railroad are now open ; extensions are mala every month. S>o:i Sivarmah will bo in direct communication with Thomasville and the South-west. Soon JVTaoon and Albany will be in connexion with Brunswick ; another seaport will be accessible to the produce of the Empire State of the South, and all the
* This gentleman, in hU statistics of 1849, pages 44 and 45, prints, " In 1717 the Palatine and Lords Proprietors,'' &o., from my Gazetteer ; this paragraph, except what is enclosed in doable commas, is my own composition. The next sentence is also mi ne. Below is this: "In July, 1732, the Charter from Georgia, the record was read, 1 ' &c. Here he has taken my wordj^^nd ray printer's error, verbatim ; the error is corrected ill inybook, JHB58. in. this way: For " Georgia, tlle Record, " read "George the S$Qff" (see 3d edition, 1837} ; this correction the plagiarist did not discover, or he would not have subjected himself to exposure in a in inner so p.:ilpib!e. If his ha-I acknowledged his obliga tion, no notice woald have been taken of his rapacity. This bill of plagiarism could b-3 greatly enlarged if necessary.

4

PREFACE.

Southern and South-western part greatly "benefited. Macon, toOj will soon be connected with. Augusta direct. Griffin and Atlanta will be united with Jacksonville, Alabama.
Very few words are necessary in this preface. A good map, containing every County and every Court-house, accompanies the book. Former editions have received so much approbation from the citizens, that hope is bright in regard to this. Many distinguished persons have urged its early publication.
Griffin^ August, I860.

Antiquities,

-

184

Boundaries, -

-

-

-

-

-11

Climate, ------

19

Colleges,

..---- 143

Cotton Factories,

-

172

Counties, alphabetically, with Towns, Post-Offices, etc., 25

Diagrams of Railroads, -

6

Government Officers,

-

193

History and Progress of Education,

-

-

142

Lakes and Ponds,

-

-

-

-

18

List of Governors and Congressmen, -

-

160

Literature, Georgia Authors,

-

154

Manners, Customs, etc.,

-

183

Mineral Resources, ----- 188

Natural History, -----

182

Old History, -

-

-

-

-

- 12

Population,

-

-

-

-'

-

192

Preface, -

-

-

-

-

-

-3

Presidents of the United States,

-

-

181

Public Debt, ------ 180

Railroads,

-

149

Receipts and Disbursements,

-

178

Religious Denominations,

...

193

Revolutionary facts,

-

175

Rivers, -

-

15

School Statistics, -

148

Soil and Productions, -

-

-

-

194

Summer Retreats, ---.. 170

Supreme Court, -^ -

-

-

-

165

T&e Press,

- :jjf -

165

Treaties, Acquisition of Territory,etc.,

13

RAILROAD
Atlanta to West Point, 87 Miles.

ROUTES.
Atlanta to Augusta, 171 Miles.
TlJAugusta,

161 Belair.

East Point. R.K. to Macon.

15C Berzilia. 142 Bearing.

124 Camac.

Warrentor

Washington.

wforfville. Union Point.

Greenesboro'.

iVestpoint.

:k Mountain. t Decatur.
Atlanta,

Savannah and Gulf Road, about ISO miles to Thomasville*

B-. H. Atlanta to Chatta nooga, 138 miles.

Savannah,

18P Chattanooga.

20 Ogechee Kiver. 68 Altamaha RiYer.
Zcro-

314 Ring-gold. runnellville.
100 Dalton.

G1.eavda.nd,

JL25 McDonald.

82 Calhonn. 70 Adairsville.

Alapaha Hiver.

Rome.

165 Valdosta, capital of Lowndes.

60 Kingston^ BO Cartej-s-rille,
Etow'ali River.
46 Alatoona,

167 Quitman, capital of Brooks.

34 Acworth.

190 TliomasTille.

',^r

Ca ra will run near to Thoinasville, and B o on to Bainbridge, In all, 1861. Pista aces in some places estimated.

Marietta. 2
Atlanta,

Railroad from Macon to Savannah, 191 Miles.
191|Savannah.

53 miles.

140 Halcyondale. Ogecliee.
120 Scarboro'.
Ill lOOHerndon.

Bandersville. 56 Tennille.

38 miles.

iMcIntire. To Jreointon. 20 Gordon.
Griswold. ^1 :Macon.

Atlanta and Macon K. E., 103 Miles,

Macon to Columbus, 100 Miles.

,nta.

100 Columbus.

97 East Point.

Shetolga.

92 Rough and Keady.

80 Upatoie. 70 Genera, Talbot Co,

Forsyth.

Seynolds', Crawford Co. 28 Eort Valley. Houston Go. LW.
Echoconnee Creek.

S. W. K. B,., Macon to Fort Gaines & Eufala,
140 miles.

S. W. B,. R., Macoi\ to Albany, 106 miles.
12 Echocoanee. 28 Fort Valley.

83 Smithville.

To Albany. 50 Oglethorpe.

90 Brown'8 Mills.

Dawson, Terrell Conrfe-liouse. To OulMert. 88

Cuthbert.

Fort Gaines.

140 Georgetown, opposite Eufala. 107 Albany.

BOimDABIES AtfD EXTENT.

11

Boundaries and Extent.
GEORGIA is bounded on the North by Tennessee and North Carolina; on the North-east by South Carolina, from, which it is separated by the Savannah river ; on the South-east by the Atlantic Ocean; on the South by Florida, and on the West by a corner of ^Florida and Alabama.
The line between this State and Tennessee begins at Nickojack, in Latitude 35 , West Longitude from Wash ington city, 8 38' 45", and runs due East 66 miles, to near the centre of Gilmer county, where it meets the North Carolina boundary. The line between us and North Carolina is 74 miles in length; so that the whole of our northern boundary, from Nickojaek to Ellicott's Rock, at the head of Ghatooga, is 140 miles.
From the confluence of the Ghattahoochee and Flint rivers, in Latitude 30 42' 42", and Longitude 8 53' 15", to the head of the St. Mary's, the distance is 157 miles. Extend this line to the Atlantic, 47 more, and we have a southern boundary of 200 miles.
The Ghattahoochee, in its various meanderings, forms the western boundary 360 miles, to Miller's Bend, in. Latitude 32 52' 16"; Longitude, 8 12' 45", Here the line diverges from the river, and runs N. 9 26' W- to ISTickojack, a distance of 146 miles.
Georgia extends from Latitude 30 34' 26" 6 K. to - the 35 ; and from 3 45' to 8 38' 45" W. Longitude
from Washington city. Length from north to south 300 miles ; breadth from east to west 240, containing upwards of 58,000 square miles 37,120,000 acres. In shape, this State is a pentagon, having its north-eastern angle in Habun, its south-extern in Chatham, its south south-east ern in Camden, its Hmth-western in Decatur, and its north western on the summit of Raccoon mountain, in Dade county. -

12

OLD HISTORY.

Old History.
Sir "Walter Kaleigh is the reputed discoverer of the territory now called Georgia. A large number of old Tracts have lately "been gathered up and reprinted by Mr. Force, of Washington city ; from these extracts are made, showing the early History of our State, which will, BO doubt, be full of interest to every citizen.
From ''An Account showing the Progress of tbe Colony of Georgia, &c. ; printed in London, by order of the Trustees, in the year MDCCXU."
"Mr. Oglethorpe has with, him Sir Walter Rawleighjs written Journal, and by the Latitude of the Place, the Marks and Traditions of the Indians, it is the very first Place -where he went on shore, and talked with the In dians, and -was the first Enylishftnan they ever saw; and about half a Mile from Savannah is a high Mount of Earth under which lies their Chief King : And the In dians informed Mr. Ogleihorpc that their king desired, be fore he died, that he might be Buried on the Spot where he talked with that great good, man."
In 1717 the Palatine and Lords Proprietors of South Carolina, granted unto Sir Kobert Mountgomery, " all that Tract of Land which lies between the rivers Altamaha and Savannah," under the title of the Margrayate of A^zilia. There is extant a pamphlet in which the owner describes the country, and his plan of settling it, &c.; but it is presumed he did not carry his plans into execution.
In 1725 the Carolinians had built forts on the Altama ha, to prevent the negroes escaping to Florida, and to overawe the Indians. The boundary between the Spanish and Carolinians not yet defined.
In July, 1752, the trustees for establishing a Colony in Georgia, held their first regular meeting in London. The charter from George the 2d was read, granting all the lands between the Savannah and Altamaha ri verts. This charter covers 16 large octavo pages: it excludes Kornan Catholics irom the benefits of the country.

TREATIES, ETC.

13

The reins of the British. Government were thrown off in January, 1776. The Provincial Governor, Wright, was imprisoned, and Archibald Bullock acted as Gov ernor.
In 1777 our Constitution was formed. The separate sections of the settled parts of the State were denominated Parishes St. John's, St. Paul's, &c., eight in number; now they were called counties; and, except Liberty, re ceived their names from distinguished individuals in the English Parliament, who were opposing the war, and jus tifying the Americans in their manly resistance to op pressive taxation, without representation. The Constitu tion was revised in '89 and '95. In 1831 or '2, a conven tion suggested some alterations, specially in regard to representation, but the people did not sanction them.
jChe sessions of OUT Legislature were held at Savannah till 1776 ; then the body met in Augusta. Its sessions were at Savannah and Augusta, as the perilous condition. of the country would admit, till the close of the war. Major Prince could find no account of any session in 1780. The Governor and Council were once at Ebenezer, when it was dangerous to remain in either of the above cities.
The first session at Louisville was held in the winter of 1795-96.
In 1807, Milledgeville became the seat of Government., and the sessions of the Legislature have ever since been held in that place. M'Call, and Journals of the Legisla ture.]
Treaties, Acquisition of Territory, &c.
By a royal charter of the King of England, dated June 9th, 17S2, to General Oglethorpe and other trustees, the lands between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers were granted in trust; and, in 1765, the lands between the last river and St. Mary's. In 1739, General Ogle thorpe held a treaty of friendship with the Creeks, at an Indian town, on the west bank of the Chattahooch.ee above the falls, called Coweta.

14

TREATIES, ETC.

By a treaty held at Augusta, 1773, with the Creeks and Oherokees, the lands were acquired which now com pose Wilkes, Lincoln, &c. ; and by another treaty at the same place, in 1783, the land was acquired up bo the
mouth of the Kliowe, and the line followed nearly tfae present line between filbert and Franklin, leaving Daniels-
ville a little south ; thence on the west to the source of the Appalachee; and down this stream, the Oconee, and AItaniaha, to an old line. The south part of this territory \vas, in the next year, named. Washington county, and the north part Franklin. The treaty at Golphmton was held
in 1785. Possession was obtained of the lands included in a line running south-west, from, the fork of the Oormil-
gee and Oconee to the south stream of St. Mary's. The treaty at Shoulderbone, 1786, was not to acquire
lands, but to establish the other treaties more permanently, and to secure the punishment of offenders.
In 1802, by a treaty held at Fort Wilkinson, just below Milledgeville, part of the lands between the Oconee and Ocmulgee was obtained. The line began on the Appalachee at the High shoals, leaving Madison four miles east, crossing Little jiver at Lumsden's Mills; Commis sioners' creek at Kushing's Mills, and down Palmetto
creek to the Oconee. In 1805, at Washington city, the remainder of the lands between the Oconee and the Oc mulgee were acquired up to the mouth of the Alcovee river, the corner of Newton and Jasper counties. These lands were distributed by lotteries, and all since acquired,
In 1814, Greneral Jackson having conquered the Creeks
on the Tallapoosa, made a treaty with them at Fort Jack son on that river, by which the lands between the Ghattahoochee and Altamaha were acquired. This territory includes Early, Baker, south part of Irwin, Appling,
"Ware, &c. The act to survey these lands was not passed till 1818,
In 1817, by a treaty at the Cherokee agency, and by another at Fort Laurens, on the Flint river, in 1818, that,
territory which now includes Newton, Dekalb, Gwinnette, Walton, most of Hall, and Habersham, was acquired.

15
In 1819, by a treaty at Washington, Rabuncounty was obtained, and. the western parts of Hall and Habersham to the Chestatee.
In 1821, the lands between the Flint and the Ocmulgee were acquired by a treaty. Counties are Mnnroe, Bibb, Crawford, Dooly, Houston, TTpson, Fayette, Pike, and Henry.
In 1825, those between the Flint and Ghattahoochee were acquired by a treaty at the Indian Springs, Counties Coweta, Campbell, Garroll, Troup, &c.
The Gherokee country was annexed to contiguous connties for judicial purposes, in 1830; i. e., the laws of the State we^re extended over it, in order to punish crime, and bring offenders to justice ; for, prior to this, unprincipled men would secrete themselves in the nation, and no law could reach them, inasmuch .as the Georgia laws required that the criminal should be tried in the county in -which the crime was committed; but the Cherokee country was no county, and thus became a hiding-place for villains. It was under the operation of this law that the missiona ries became obnoxious, as they would not take the oath to demean themselves like good citizens.
After this the whole country was surveyed, but those lots on which the Indians resided were notto be taken pos session of, -unless the rights of occupancy were purchased ; this was done in many instances, and the Indians removed west of the Mississippi. Now there are white settlers in all parts of that country. The right to the soil has always been maintained by Georgia. The last Cherokees left in 1841.

,

Rivers.

The general course of our rivers, which can be seen on the map, is S. S. E., if we except that of the Flint and Ghattahoochee, which is south, flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. There is no rapid in ascending the Savannah, till you reach Augusta, above the 33 N. Latitude. ThejfoZZ in the Oconee is further south; and,

16

E1VBES.

as you advance west, the first rapids are still further south ; so that those in our western river are 82 25'. In
travelling .from the seaboard, one would suppose the country so perfectly level for more than a hundred miles, that the streams would be very sluggish; but they are much more rapid than those in the Northern States. "While the tide finds its "way up the Potomac to Wash
ington, 300 miles from the ocean, and the Hudson to Waterford, 160 ; it can get up our rivers but 20 or SO miles. This furnishes abundant proof that the bed and channel of our rivers are not so near on a level with the ocean as those in the more !Northei*n States, gushing
from high hills, and tumbling clown inacessible moun tains. IVtoat of our rivers have tlieir rise in the southern
extremity of the Allegnany mountains ; and as there is no great descent in any of them at one place, they must descend imperceptibly very fast, so that their moutlis may be on a level with the ocean. They rise so rapidly dur
ing heavy rains, and overflow their banks so far, that it .is difficult to keep a bridge over or a mill ^tpon them. They have no high banks like the northern rivers, but you are upon them before you entertain any suspicion that they are near. Exceptions to this remark may be
made in regard to some parts of the Flint and Chattahoochee.
Jtilijaij river, ari Indian word, emphasized on the last syllable, rises in Gilmer, and runs into Coosewatee in 1ST. E. corner of Gordon.
Notley river rises in the south part of Union county,
runs N. W. into Tennessee.
Toccoa river rises in the south part of Fannin, and runs N. into Tennessee.
But the rivers are now rery little used since the rail roads are in operation. The Savannah, is, however, an
exception ; this is used as much as ever. The Altamaha and Chattahoocb.ee to Columbus are also in use ; but a
steamer seldom comes up to Milledgeville or Macon.

17 RIVERS, A.
The following is taken from the first edition, 1827 .

Names of Rivers.

PDnaisvtiagnacted [ Vbes elsj.

nDaivstiagnacte d Sbteamboyats.

1o1tBoon0fast.s Bo3tona0fsts.

f

3

|f

on/l c470

Flint ......................... 300

iBlOO

200

* 21 r

120

i230

)85

Turtle ........................ 25

8 18 .....

To confluence of Oconee and Ocmulgee.
J To Fort Mitehell. c To mouth of Chestatee ; Indians still in possession, and capacity not known; but so far as explored seems to be navigable. d To mouth of Cedar creek in Tattnall.
dd Steamers have been up to old Agency in Crawford. e To Snnbury.
/To Maeon.
f To confluence of chief branches corner of Jasper. To Milledgeville. i To Athens, though no produce has been, floated so far ; boats have ascended to Barnet's shoals in Clarke. Thomas Terrell and others wrought on this river some 30 years ago.
j To Fort Argylek To Louisville. Z To mouth of Jack's creek in Emanuel.
m To Burnt Fort la W, part of Gamdeu. now in Charlton.. n To Ellabka in Appling. o To Savannah ; p to Augusta,; q to Petersburg ; r to MuUen's Ford, Habersham. Since that time steamers have navigated the Ooosa from Eome into Alabatna. Boats of 10 tons have been down the Connesauga, and con veyed flour, bacon, whisky, &C-, to Home.

18

FACE OF THE COUNTED", ETC.

Lakes and Ponds.
In the Okefenoke swamp are two lakes, and rough out the south-western counties are many large- ponds* In Ogletho'rpe is the Goose Fond, covering 20 or 30 acres* and one in'Greene nearly as large. This latter one afiferds abundance of fish ; and several individuals, in 1825^ endeavored to drain it into the Oconee, to save the trouble of angling'; but, after several days of toilsome labor, the project was abandoned.
! Face of the Country.
In regard to surface, Georgia maybe divided into three* sections ; the first extending from Florida, the southern!; boundary, (to the 88 1ST. Latitude, is level; the second, from the J33 to the 34 , is uneven; the third, from the 34 to; the 35 , is hilly and 'mountainous. The second see-' tion is the most populous.
Soil,
In the southern section the soil is sandy, with rich lowi grounds. Where pine only grows, the soil is not so produc-; tive ; but where other kinds of timber grow with the pine^ it is generally fertile. In the middle section the soil is red loam, and remarkably fertile. In the northern, ther is a grey gravelly soil, and it is quite productive. It is not pretended that these three kinds of soil are confined toparallels of latitude, exclusively, to the several sections' named but that they generally prevail in these sections; is obvious to all acquainted with the State.
Productions,
In the southern, section only rice is cultivated for ex portation. The sea-island or black-seed cotton, which T$ generally worth twice as much as the gree kindly in all the lower parts of this section.

19

cane has been in successful cultivation for several years,

.and many Mogsheads of sugar -are raised on/the planta

tions and sold in the country, bu^b none has been exported.*

Oranges, i%s, olives, pomegranates, and most of the

tropical fruits grow here.

;;

Corn, sweet-potatoes, peaches,, &c., &c., grow abundantly

in all parts of the State.

In the middle and northern sections, the green-seed cot

ton is cultivated, and some tobacco. 'Upland or dry-cul

ture rice is raised here by many families for their own

use.

.

Climate.
The mercury in Fahrenheit usually fluctuates from 75 to 86 between April and October, Governor Ellis says it rose as high as 102 , in 1757, in Savannah; but it has not in that city been higher than 94 in

up to 92 , as high as it has been in two years."f The frost falls in the middle section of the State about the middle of October ; the earliest for the last ten years fell on the 10th October, 1819. There was no frost in 1796 and 1822, till about the 20th December. The mercury f1e6lls. every winter almost as low as 20 : sometimes to
In 1774 there was a severe frost in May, which killed large trees. In January, 1827,. the Oconee river was frozen over near Milledgeville, and the Savannah at Au gusta, a circumstance never before known. The winter of 1828 was unusually mild, the mercury ranging, in the first ten days of January, from 64 to 76 ! The jessa mine, woodbine, althea, hyacinth, and jonquil, were in all the verdure of spring. Watermelons and shad were
* 1828 may be considered a new epoch in the culture of sugar, when probably eome hundred hogsheads were raised.
f July, 1859 and 1860. Mercury was several times 98 to 100 degrees. la the United States and Europe, it was higher than ever known before.

20

CLIMATE.

in the Savannah and Macon markets. The China and plum-trees were in bloom in the up-country. * Many per sons lost all their meat. On the 5th of April, there was a mighty change; the mercury fell to 26 , much lower than it had "been all winter. Small creeks were frozen over half an inch thick. The corn and cotton were killed, and some trees! In the first of September, it was down to 52 , lower than was ever recollected to have been "before so early.
The December of 1828 was also unusually warm. Flies were troublesome to torses; musquitos were buz zing about; the sun was oppressive to the traveller; and the mercury at Eatonton, on the llth instant, was up to 74 at S P. M.!
On the 10th January, 1828, the captain of an, English vessel presented Mr. Cowper, of St. Simon's Island, with a few peas which he had brought from England, On the 27th of February, thirty-seven days after, Mr. C. complimented the captain with a peck of fine green peas, a part of the produce of the seed which he had given him !
So warm was this winter, that the cotton plant in some places was not killed, and sprouts from the old roots sprung up arid produced a new crop, without the labor of planting.
All the winter of 1828-9 was very mild, till the 9th of January, 1829. On the 9th, at 4 P. M., the mercury was at 76 , and on the llth, at 6 A. M., it was down to 16 , a change of 60 degrees in about 36 hours I The remain der of the winter and spring was colder than ever before known. Scarcely a night of February or March but in which there was frost. No peach bloom, was seen till about the 1st of April whereas they generally appear about the 1st of February.
There is no purer water nor any healthier climate on the globe than is found in the northern section of this State, Many individuals have seen the frosts of a hun dred winters. In the months of August, September, and October, the bilious fever obtains in the lower and mid-

CLOIATE.

21

die sections of the State,; butt for the two last years very few deaths have been occasioned by it.
1830, June 1. Mercury ;down to 60 so cool that much cotton dies. It is .repqrted that snow fell in Rabun.
June, July, August, September, and October, without rain, except some partial showers.
Gamp^thd Tobler's creeks, in Jones and Baldwin, and Richland, in Greene, nearly dry a little water in holes. Earth not wet one inch in Qreenesboro', from 1st June till 8th November! Persons came from "Washington, in "Wilkes, 40 miles, to Farke's mill ; there were counted 72 wagons and carts at a time, waiting for grigts.
September 20. Slight frost. September 29. Frost which, killed vines, and leaves on some trees ; never before known so early. Yet all October and most of November the heat was oppressive, and 110 general killing frost till the llth December, Cot ton was in bloom the day before. AIL November was said by the Northern papers to be rainy and cloudy. In Boston the sun. was not visible for 11 days. In Georgia there was rain but 4 or 5 days, and these were the Sabbaths ; the rest of the time it was clear and dry. 1831, January 14. Snow, and it continued, in the shade, some days. February 6. Snow six to eight inches. Ground was almost constantly frozen in the morning, for near two months. April 8. Heavy rains. In Hall county, snow that covered the ground! April 11 and 12. Frost that killed "beans and po tatoes in gardens ; severer in Augusta than at Milledgeville, May 10. Frost and some ice, though not to injure veg* etation. May 25 and 26. Frost near Savannah ; in Monroe and Pike, it touched the corn and cotton, and bit the beans. July 1 and 11 and 12. Very cool; mercury down to

Ul

22

CLIMATE.

64 ; not higher than 88 in Eatonton up to 15th instant, nor above 90 in Milledgeville. Northern-papers com plain of excessive hot weather.
August 9. Very cool; mercury down to 66 .
August 14. Sun. had a singularly green, appearance, shorn of its beams, and spots could be seen with the naked eye. Rain almost incessantly till middle of Sep
tember fodder spoiled. October 4=. Slight frost. 1832. February 2. " We have rarely, if ever, hac
such, weather in Greorgia. On the 26th January, the
' thermometer stood at 7 above zero, or 25 below freez ing point."
" Weather more intensely cold than we recollect ever
to have known, it. Zn 1816, the severe cold of a few days was longer remembered. On Friday last, thermom eter was 6 above zero. The novel scene of skating par ties was exhibited in the vicinity of the town." M.illedgeville papers.
Ghina trees were killed, and put forth next spring from the ground.
May 24 and 25. "Very cool. June 6 to 10. Very cool; a fire every morning com fortable and even needed.
June 19 to 23. Very cool, with stiff north-east breeze. Persons changed their summer for winter clothing; fire was kept up in sitting-rooms all day, and students sought the sun to study in rather than the shade.
October 1. "Frost. 1833. March 1. Terrible wind and rain; blew down
houses, chimneys, and buildings, and destroyed several lives.
March 3. Sabbath coldest this season.
March 29. Slight snow in middle section ; mountains covered in upper part of State.
April 6 and 7. Heavy rains water higher than known for twenty years. N~ot a bridge left on the Ap-
palachee river. The rains all winter and spring heavier than usual.

CLlilATE.

23

July. Warmest weather constantly that -we have ever
had. August 15. Cool for fifteen days, so that fir e is pleas
ant. Wind north-east, but no rain. 1835, January 8. At night snow fell eight inches,
and thirteen in Troupe and Pike; seldom known at such a depth.
February 3. Four inches snow. February 8. Mercury 3 below zero in Batonton, in a close passage, and 8 below zero in open air in Milledge-
ville ! Nothing like this ever known before in Georgia. The snow of 8th January was only five inches in Cherokee, 150 miles north of Milledgeville, very little at Au-
fiista, none in Charleston, and none in Petersburgh, Va. he cold weather in New England was about the 25th January, when the mercury froze ; but it did not reach
us till the 7th and 8th of February; in Florida it was not so severe till the 4th of March, when most of the orangetrees were killed.
" A LAPLAND WINTER. We continue the record of the weather (which with ils has little mitigation of sever ity since Saturday night) in such parts of the country as -we have accounts from it being acknowledged on all hands to be more rigorous than ever before known.
11 In New Haven, on Monday, at 8 A. M., Professor
Sillirnan's thermometer was 23 degrees below zero ! A gentleman who has been in the habit of making notations of the weather for forty-four years, states that he never knew the mercury before more than 16 degrees below the cipher. The famed cold winter of '79 80, according to the notes of President Styles, in the month of January, was only at 19 degrees.
" The extremes of cold on Sunday or on Monday
morning were, at Xjowell, Mass., 2i degrees below zero ; at Concord, Mass., 27; Dorchester 22; Worcester 19;
Woonsocket Falls, R. I., 24 ; Montreal 35 ; Branford, Conn., 16; Saratoga Springs 33 ; Poughkeepsie 33, 13 degrees lower than ever before known ; Troy 28, 7 de grees lower than since the present century commenced ;

24

CLIMATE.

Northampton, Mass., 33 ; many wells were frozen at the

depth, of .fourteen feet from the surface, and a colt was

frozen in a stable; Providence and Smithfield, E. I., 26;

Elizabethtown, N- J., 18 ; Utica 34; New Lebanon 39;

Schenectady S3; Belleville, N. J., 20." JV. Y". Com.

Adv.

January 15. Tremendous thunder shower. One flash

in Eatonton. killed two cows and two hogs; a chimney

was struck in Savannah. Three or four showers and

heavy thunder up to the. close of the month; then the

cold weather begins.

The summer of 1835 unusually cool. Most of Sep

tember cool as October is ordinarily. Frost on the 26th

September.

October 6. Killing frost, but in five days the weather

turned warm as summer, and so continued till the last of

November. The gardens flourished; cotton, which had

lost its leaves, again shot forth, and the crop was greatly

increased.

May 13 and 14. Severe hail storm near Macon.

1836. Winter of 1835-6 mild in comparison with the

Ul

preceding. Last part of November severe frost and ice ; then mild till the 25th. of January, 1836 ; then cold two

weeks; mercury down to 12 degrees above zero 20 de

grees warmer than February, 1835,

March 11. Slight snow, hardly enough to cover the

ground only one during the winter.

December 5. Snow 4 inches; 6 in Norfolk, but none

in Richmond. No snow in Georgia before Christmas for

many, many years!

It is very evident that our winters are becoming

colder.

1837. February. Snow 4 or 5 inches, and also in

March ; not much during the winter.

March 8. Violent hail storm at Zebulon; stones aa

large as hen's eggs; destroyed windows and killed one

horse.

May 7. Snow in upper part of the State, loading the

trees. Papers.

COUNTIES,
ALPHABETICALLY,
"With the Towns, Villages, and Fublic Places in
tliem, Rivers, Creeks, &c.
1. APPLING COUNTS" is bounded on the K. by Altamaha river, which separates it from Montgomery and Tatnall, E. by Wayne, S. by Wayne, Pierce and Ware, and "W. by Coffee. J* is still a large county, thougn it has supplied 'most of Coffee county with its dimensions. Head streams of St. Ilia river are in this county. The title claimed by the Creek Indians to this territory -was extinguished by the treaty at Fort Jackson, Ala., and organized in 1818. Post offices as by TJ. S. List, are Holmesville, the capital, Cook's store, 12 W. C. II., Heddishville or Rushville in S. E. part, Hall near Camp Ground 1ST. part, and Middleton's store in N~. B. Public places are Initial Point and Scriven on the K. K. from Savannah in S. E. corner. "Fore James and Oglethorpe Bluff on Altamaha river in the H. E., beside several other Bluffs.
Holmesville contains the usual public buildings, and but few houses and stores; it is some 120 miles S. E. M.
This county received its name in honor of Col. Daniel Appling, a native of Columbia Co., Gra. Col. A. was born in 1787, was a soldier in war of 1812, captured a number of British at Lake Ontario, died 1Q17 in. Ala-* bama.
2. BAKER COUNTY waa created out of Early in 1825, lyingj in th$ J3. W. part of the state. The counties of XtQugherty an$ Calhoun are on the Horth, Mitchell on
2

26

BALDWIN.

the East,- Flint river forms the eastern boundary. Decatur is on the South, and Miller and Early on the West. Ich aw ay-no chaw ay creek, running through the county, falls into Flint near southern corner.
Newton was made the capital in 1831, and contains the usual public buildings; it stands on the Flint, near the mouth of Coolewahee creek, in the 8th District of Old Early, 20 m. S. Albany.
The county -was named for Col. John JBaker, a soldier in the Revolutionary war, given in 1825. He died in Sunbury, soon after the war.
3. BALDWIN COUNTY is in the central part of the State, cut in twain by the Oconee. It is bounded on the N. by Putnam, west of the river, and by .Hancock E. of it ; 35. by Hancock and a corner of Washington ; S. *by Wilkinson, and W. by Jones. Town creek was formerly the eastern boundary ; but lately,, a strip E. of it has been annexed from Hancock. The south part of the county is sandy, and produced in 1828, on Mr. Boy kin's plantation, fine specimens of sugar cane, giving assurance to the inhabitants of the metropolis that, in a few years, they need not go far for the luxury of sugar. The north part is red clay.
This county was purchased of the Creeks in 1802, and it extended to the High Shoals ou the Appalachee. The courts were held for some time at Hillsboro\ a small village, now containing a few log-house* and a dram shop, 6 miles East of Eatonton, Population 9,091. Milledgeville is the capital. The whole number of Banks in the State is 21. Amount of Poor School fund received $960 60, and all expended. The trustees of this fund report 200 children, who, according to the provisions of the law ought to share in its benefits; but the fund is insufficient to educate them all. Academic funds received $1,267 05.
jkLilledgeviliej p.t. and cap. Baldwin county, and named in honor of Governor Milledge, is the seat of Govern ment for Georgia, and is situated on the west side of the Ocomjje river at ?the head of steamboat navigation, in

27
Latitude 3S 4:' 10". West^ong. from Washington, 6 Q 19'. This town is 659 miles S. W. "Washington City; l,534S.W.Bobbinston, in Maine; 158 K. W/Savannah; 89 W. S. W. Augusta; 193 N. Darien ; 71 S. Athens; 32 E. 1ST. E. Macon, and 125 E. H. E. Columbus.
The act of the Legislature, in which Commissioners were appointed to lay off the town, was passed in May, 1803, and by the original plan contains twenty streets, to most of which are given names of distinguished patriots. The first building, constructed of logs, was erected in 1804, on - Franklin street, on Mr. Baxter's lot; and the first framed house was put up by Gen. Scott, in 1805, and was standing 1829, a two-story building, on the corner of Franklin and Elberfe streets, diagonally from Jackson Sail. For some years, most of the buildings were erect ed and business done east of the State House ; but now the town, is travelling westward, from the hurried atmos phere of the river and Fishing creek, and the hum of ac tivity is heard on Wayne street.
The State House stands on an eminence, three-fourths of a mile from the river, exhibiting a tasteful appearance, of Gothic architecture. In this are rooms for the Legis lature during its sessions, the offices of the Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller, and Surveyor General, beside apartments for Clerks and Committees, and several fire proof rooms for public records.
The Representative Hall is 60 by 54 feet, ornamented with full length portraits of Franklin and La Fayette, and the Senate Chamber with those of Washington and Jefferson. In the - Executive office is an old portrait of Oglethorpe, sitting, dressed in an antique costume, and examining the map of G-eorgia. This building, with the wing erected at the 1ST. end in 1828, cost $115,000. The cost of an excellent clock in the cupola was $1,000. En larged since.
The other public buildings are, a State arsenal, three stories high, containing implements of war ; Government house, houses of worship for the Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians, the dimensions of which are about 60 by

28

BALDWIN.

40 feet, a Market House, containing a room for the meet ing of the town police, Penitentiary, Court-house, Jail,
Academy, and several Banks.
Since the seat of Government has become permanently fixed here, considerable improvements have been made in buildings, and some new ones erected. The river op posite the town is 550 feet wide, over which is an ex
cellent bridge, private property, which cost about $20,000 ; the income for tolls is about $3,000. The prin cipal cotton warehouses were a mile and a half from
town till 1828, when a lock was completed, so that boats can ascend to the bridge. From 4,000 to 8,000 bags on ly are deposited in Milledgeville annually, and yet it is
in the heart of a cotton country.
Freights, per bag, in February. 1828, were $2 to Savannah, and $2 50 with insurance. There seems to
be no spirit to invite the planters here, no purchasers are waiting, and yet 5 and 600 bags can be taken down the river at a time, and 70 tons brought back in return. The railroad now takes all the cotton.
From the presses in this town, there go forth weekly 6 or 7,000 newspapers.
The surface of this place is quite uneven, the soil is red, and but few of the streets have good sidewalks. . It" has been healthy for the past two years, scarcely a case
of fever having been known. Should it be sickly, a healthy retreat is found at a distance of three miles, in the pine lands south. Augusta also is supplied with a safe retreat on the sand hills.
The Legislature held its first session here in 1807. The
net amount of postage accruing at the post-office here in 1827 was $2,240 45 ; in 1828, $2,489 26.
Milledgeville was constituted a city by the Legislature
in December, 1836, and is now governed by a Mayor and six Aldermen. An addition has been made to the State
House, a wing has been added to correspond with that at the north-i^estern end. A large Masonic Hall, with stores in the basement story, has been erected. A newBank, the Milledgeville Bank, with a branch in Augusta has been established.

BANKS.

29

The post-offices are Black Spring E. of the river, and Talmage at Midway village, the site of Oglethorpe Uni versity, some 2 miles S. of the Court-house. jScottsboro*
is 5 miles S. W. in the pine woods, containing about a dozen, houses. Some years ago it had a flourishing Fe male School, and attracted boarders from a distance ; now it is a very quiet spot, and a pleasant retreat from the bus tle of the capital. It furnishes much fruit, apples, peach
es, grapes, &c. Its contiguity to the State capital would induce the belief that it is a place of refinement. Popu lation of Milledgeville 2,229 in the county 7,376-*
families 719. In 1858, 5,029 bags of cotton. Midway contains Oglethorpe University, some 50
families, and a mixed school of respectable grade; by the,
late census there are 700 souls probably, including all the pupils in. college and schools. Huson, Mt. 3STebo, Sandtown, Whiting, and Woodville are residences and public places, but quite small.
Fort Wilkinson, on the Oconee, 2 or 3 miles S., is the
spot where the treaty was held with the Creek Indians in 1802, by which much of the land between tne Oconee and Ocmulgee was acquired. This territory was divided into two counties: the southern part Wilkinson, north ern, Baldwin; the seat of justice for the latter was called
BZllsbard, and located 6 m. E. of JSatonton. In 1807, it was divided into Jones, Laurens, Telfair, Putnam, and Randolph; this latter was changed in 1812 to Jasper.
Abraham Baldwin, after whom this county was named, a graduate of Yale College, settled in Columbia Co. in 1783. He was one of the founders of Franklin College, 1785-; Senator in Congress ; helped to form tne Federal Constitution ; died- in Washington city, 1807.
4. BANKS COUNTY was organized in 1858, from the counties of Habersham, Franklin, and others. It has 7
post-offices ; the cap. Homer. Head waters of 'Broad river are in this county. Homer is on west side of Hud
son river, on the Toad from (jfainesville to Carnesville ; new place.
Doctor jBanks, after whom it was named, had been

30

BERBIEN ----BIBB.

senator from tbe adjoining county, Hall, a number of years, and was succeeded by his son; he was a man of influence ,in our Legislature.
5. BERRIEJST COUNTY was formed out of Irwin chiefly, in 1856. The Allapaha is its eastern boundary, dividing it from Coffee and Clinch ; Lowndes and Brooks are on the south ; Colquitt and "Worth on the west, separated by Little river; Irwiu on the north. Withlacoochee rises in this county.
Nashville is the capital, but a small place, as the county <fe,s been so lately organized ; it is located S. E. from the centre ; Ava P. O. is on the west side, and Milltown in the S. E. comer; Hahira is S. W. from C. H.
This county perpetuates the name of JoJm MePherson ' Berrien, judge of our courts, Attorney General under Gen. Jackson., Senator in. Congress many years,' President of Ga. His. Soc., one of our most distinguished and talented men; born in N. J., 1781; died in Savannah, 1856.
6. BIBB COUNTY is bounded K. by Monroe; K. E. by Jones; E. by Twiggs; South by Houston, and "W, by Grawford. The Ocmulgee runs through the eastern, and the Tobesofskee through the central part. The soil in the northern part is red loam, in the southern sandy. Sugar-cane has been successfully cultivated in this county. The academy fund received is $,1,269 42, $525 85 of which is expended. There are three incor porated academies in the county, Macon, Washington, and Lake academies, at each of which, in 1828, there were 45, 30, and 30 pupils.
Jttfacon, p. t. and cap., Bibb county, and named after Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina, long President of the U. S. Senate, is situated on both sides of the Ocmulgee river, 32 miles W. S. W. Milledgeville, 12 S. W. Clin ton, 30 N. E. Perry, 22 E. Knoxville, and 25 S. E. Forsyth ; estimated population, 3,500,
No place has risen up with greater rapidity than Macon. The first lots were sold 6th and 7th March, 1823. The first cabin was built here by Thomas Tatum,

31
in 1822, on Wahmt street^ .ion the lot now owned by Major jSTapier ; now it contains more than 200 inhabited houses, many of which are neat, and some very large, 43 stores, 11 groceries and confectioneries, beside druggists, and mechanics of all kinds, 8 doctors, and 12 lawyers.
The Court-house stands on Bridge street, three stories high, 93 by 47 feet, with a cupola, and has a fine ap pearance from Fort Hawkins, on the east side of the river. In the basement story are apartments for offices of various descriptions, in the second are large rooms for the Superior Court and for county purposes, in the third the offices of the clerks.
The streets in Macon. run !N". W. and S. E., and are alternately 180 and 120 feet wide, i. e. "Wharf street, the one parallel with the river and near it, is 180 feet, the next parallel one is 120; so those which meet at right angles. Until the spring of 1828, the incorporation covered only the west side of* the river ; then 20 acre lots, beside many 10 acre ones, were sold, and the pur chasers are putting up good buildings,
A fine bridge, beside the Hailroad bridge, connects both parts of the town. This was built by the State, cost $9,200; was rented the first quarter of 1828 for $1,802 50, and the second for $925. It is now sold to the town for $25,000, and ten years allowed to make the payments. Cotton and corn pass over toll-free.
As a commercial place, Macon has many advantages : it is in the heart of a thickly settled and fertile country, and on a navigable river. Though steamboats have been up, the produce and merchandise are transported on fiat-bottomed boats. Thirty or forty boats are owned here, and they carry at a time from 400 to 700 bags of cotton, and return with 70 and 80 tons. On both sides of the river are thirteen warehouses.
Macon received as the crop of 1824, 4,000 bags cot ton ; of 1825. 17,000 bags; of 1826, 30,000 ; of 1827, a dry year, 1,700 j of 1828, about 39,000. The price of freight to Savannah varies from 62^- to 75 cents per hundred, and has been as high as a dollar.

82

BIBB.

"Within nine miles of Macon are 14 Saw and 9 Grist

mills; five are on Swift creek. The Macon Bank is a

fine thre.e story building. There are also here branches

of the Darien Bank, of the Fire Insurance, and an

agency of the State Bank. The net amount of postage

accruing to the United States in this place for 1827 was

$1,665 12, and for 1828, $2,124 47.

Hitherto Macon has been very healthy, though its

friends have entertained fears that it would be sickly.

Several attempts were made in the Legislature to re

move the seat of Government from Milledgeville, and

make Macon the metropolis, but a final decision was

made in 1827, and $20,000 appropriated to enlarge the

State House, and which has been accomplished. But

this has not repressed the anxie-ties of the people to

settle in this thriving town, for new houses are starting

up all around almost as raj^dly as the mushroom of the

night.

'^

Five weekly papers are published here, and there are

3 bookstores with pretty good assortments of books.

Female College completed in 1839. Has 150 pupils.

In the winter of 1817 and '18, Mr. Roger McCall

went down the river with 500 bags of cotton, principal

ly from Jones's county. This was the first cotton that

went from Macon (that now is).

1818, Roger McCall and Harrison Smith built three

boats, carrying 300, 350, and 400 bags ; first boats, built

here.

1822. town was laid out and surveyed. James

Webb, Surveyor.

1823. first lots were sold ; 1828, last lots, with re

serve, were sold. Lots were sold in each intermediate

ju.25, first Bank located here. Darien branch, Sam uel Wood, Cashier.
1827, first steamboat came to Macon, owned by Jno. T. Lamar. Steamer run but a short time ; resumed in 1833.
1834, Commons (70 lots) sold by order of Council.

1837, commons (100 lots or more) sold by order of

Council.

There are 5 houses of worship, 1 cotton factory, 3

foundries, 2 variety works for sash ; &c., 2 furniture fac

tories, 4 carriage factories, female college, free school,

several select and private schools, 6 hotels, several board

ing houses, 175 stores, 2 banks, 4 agencies. 100,000

bags of last crop cotton sold here. Academy for blind is in

Macon,

Doctor Win. W. Bibb, after whom this county was

named, a Virginian by birth., settled in Wilkes; was

Member of Congress, 1813 16 f first governor of Alabama,

appointed by President Madison; died in 1824.

The population of Macou is over 11,000. A W^sley-

an Female College, the first chartered in the state, is in

Macoh, and Southern Botanical College.

7. BBOOKS COTTNTY was created out of Thomas and

Lowndes, in 1858. Little River runs through the north

east corner about half its length^ where it falls into the

Withlacoochee river, which separates it from Lowndes

to the Florida line: Thomas is on the west; Colquitt and

Berrien on the north; Ocopilco and Piscola creeks fall

into Withlacoochee.

Mbrven is a post village in the N~. E., and Tallokas in

the N~. W., Mineral Spring in S. E., near Withlacoochee

river.

Quitman is the seat of justice, a new place, in 12th

District, near middle road from Thomasville to Troup?

ville, two miles from .the Ocopilco river, on the line of

the Savannah Railroad, A few houses and stores are

erected. Daily stage from Thomasville via Milltown to

terminus of railroad crossing river at Radford's Mills,

some 165 miles from Savannah, and about 30 east from

Thonxasville.

Mt

Preston O. Brooks was Member of Congress from. S. C.

He acquired much notoriety in the South for castigating

Cha/ples jSumner, senatorfrom Mass., who had, in his speech,

abused Gen. Butler, senator from South Carolina. Mr.

' S. was a tank abolitionist, aad Mr. Brooks supposed this 2*

34

BRYAN----BULLOCH.

the only way to obtain satisfaction. This Co. was named after him.
8. BRYAIST COUNTY is in the S. E. part of the State. Bounded on the N. by Bullock ; N. E. by Chatham ; E/ by the Atlantic ; and S. by Liberty. The Ogechee sepa rates this county from Chatham, and the Cannouchee runs nearly diagonally through it. It chief produce is rice. The Court-house is four miles N. E. Cannouchee", 174 S. E. Milledgeville, 26 "W. Savannah. This county was represented in the convention for revising the con stitution by Judge Clay, who afterwards became a most distinguished minister, and died in. Boston, Pastor of the First Baptist church. From its contiguity to the ocean and marshes, the roads, in several of these neighboring counties, are made with great difficulty. For crossing the Ogechee bridge and causeway, TV.-of it, with a fourwheel carriage, you pay two dollars ; for a gig, one dol lar ; horse, twenty-five cents ; but this has been made at great expense.
Eden is the capital, some 4 miles from Cannouchee river, containing the usual public buildings, but few houses.
Hardwick is in S. E. part near the Ogechee, and was suggested by some early Governor to make it the capi tal of the State, instead of Savannah ; it has never at tained any size, for its contiguity to the river must ren der it a sickly spot. Old Fort Argyle was in this coun ty ^erected by the Carolinians before Georgia was settled.
Jonathan JBryan, after whom this county was named, was one of the first Judges in this State one of the Commissioners of the Treaty at Dewit's corner, 1777 member of Governor's council in 1774, but resigned be cause he opposed the Governor's designs. He resided on Wilmingtou Island after the War, universally be loved.
9. BUT.T.OCH COUNTY is bounded on the N. by Scull's creek, which separates it from JEmanuel; E. by the Ogechee, parting it from Scriven and Effingham ; S. by

BUKKE. ?.

S5

Liberty, and W. by Tatnail;- Much of the land is poor.
tSkatesbord1 is the capital, and. continues small. Bengal and Mill Ray are post-offices. County laid out in 1796.
Archibald Bulloch was among the first patriots that advised resistance against England; Member of Con gress 1775, and helped form our State Constitution in 1777 ; was President of the Provincial Council of Geor gia in 1776.
10. BURKE COUNTY has Richmond on the N"., the Sa vannah on the E., Scriven on the* S., Emanuel on tbe S. W., and Jefferson on the W. Much of the soil is fertile, and many wealthy inhabitants reside here. The red calcareous earth is found in some spots. A rotten, limestone pervades many parts of the county, and ren ders the "water bad.
Burke county has in it a great number of ponds, some large enough to be denominated lakes; one is called Heshman's lake. It must of course be sickly. The site for public buildings was a mile or two east of Waynesboro', on Mclntosh creek. Here the jail stood during the-Revolutionary war, and a' considerable bat tle was fought near it. The soil is fertile, enriched by the marine deposits made when the Atlantic pushed its waves over the whole country. Many of the inhabi tants spend their summers at Bath and at Mount Enon.
Waynesborough, p. t. and cap., Burke county, and named after General Anthony Wayne, is SO miles E. Milledgeville, 4 from Briar creek, 25 E. Louisville, 30 S. S. "W. Augusta, and contains C. H., Jail, houses of worship for Presbyterians and Methodists, 25 dwellings, 6 stores, and seven offices and shops.
This town has increased in size since the R. R. from Millen to Augusta has been constructed, as it runs near its eastern border. Barton, Birdsville, Bark Camp, Cushing, and Brushy creek are public places.
Alexander is a post village, 12 miles S. E. C. H., with a meeting-house, school, store, mechanics, &c.

36

BUTTS.

Bark Camp M. H. in W. part is a public place. Birdsville is a small village in the south, part. Some IS or 14 post-offices in this county. David JEmanuel re sided in this county, and layman Hall's mortal remains sleep in the N". JB. corner, near Savannah river.
Jfidmund Burke was a member of Parliament, and a warm friend of the Colonies in the Revolutionary strug gle. This Co. named after him 1777.
t. Clair is a small place in the north-western part, near Bushy creek M. H., and some years ago bad a P, O. Grove Mount and Waterloo are places of resort.
Rev. Edmund Botsford preached in this Co. in 1771, and organized the church, at feotsfbrd's M. H., east of G. H,
-Rev. James Matthews preached to this church about 1786.
Rev. Edmund Byne, as early as 1785, proclaimed the gospel here.
11. BUTTS COUNTY" was taken from Henry and Monroe in 1825. Newton is on the north, separated by S. Oemulgee. The Ocnrulgee separates it from Jasper on the east, Monroe on the south, and Henry on the west. The In dian Springs the most fashionable resort in this state are in the south part of this county. The soil is not very fertile, though there is quite a dense population, settled, on it.
Jackson, p. t. and cap., Butts county, named in honor of General Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States, is situated 55 miles N. "W. Milledgeville; 8 W, Cargill's Perry, on the Ocmulgee; 4 !N. Indian Springs ; 20 W. Monticello; 25 E. Zebulort; 17 S. E. McDonough, and contained, in February, 1828, seventeen houses, nine stores, two doctors, and nine mechanic shops, three law offices, houses of worship for the Meth odists, Baptists, and Presbyterians, C. H., jail, and acad emy. This latter building, 45 by 25 feet, and two stories high, was erected and "finished, except chimneys and plaetering, for $475 ! Carpenter's work will fall in price when we have mechanics enough to hold more competi tion. The C. H. of "brick, nearly completed in February,

CALHX) UK CAMDEJST.

37

8, was consumed by .fire, to the loss of the contractor, Col. Hitchcock, of four or five thousand dollars. A ne gro was at work at night, and dropped a candle, which fell through the loose floor, among the rubbish, below, and the roof was in a few minutes in a blaze. It has grown very much.
Indian Springs are in this cotinty, a very fashionable watering place. Seven Islands cotton factory is on the Ocmulgee river.
This county perpetuates the name of Capt. Sam. Suits,
of Hancock, a soldier in Ployd's army, killed at the battle of Chalibbee, in Alabama, 27th January, 1814; born in Virginia, 1774.
Jesse Mercer died in this county, September, 1841, at the house of the Rev. James Carter, 4 miles 1ST. Indian Springs: his remains interred at Penfield. Mr. Carter died in 1858, aged about 60; moderator of Flint River Association ; of moderate talents, but of deep piety.
12. CALHOUK COUNTY was erected out of north part of Early, in 1854. Ichaway-nochaway, a large creek, runs south centrally through the county.
Morgan is the capital, with public buildings, 50 to 60 houses, Methodist and Baptist meeting-houses, and acad emy where the languages are taught; 30 miles W. Al bany.
Whitney is 4 miles west of Court-house, with a dozen houses, tannery, academy, &c. This place was settled chiefly by Presbyterians from S. C.
Pachitta is a Presbyterian meeting-house, 6 miles S., but no village. Concord, Hopwell, and Pleasant Hill are also public places.
John G. Ccdhoun was one of South Carolina's most distinguished sons, a graduate of Yale College, Secretary of War, Vice-President with Jackson, again in the Cabi net, Senator many years in Congress; he was the idol of his native State.
13. CAMDEN COUNTY forms the S. S. Easterly corner of the State. The St. Mary's is the southern boundary ; the St. Ilia tHe western most of the way, and then runs

38

CAMPBELL----CAHROI/L.

diagonally through it; Little St. Ilia the eastern, Charlton county lias diminished the dimensions of Camclen. Gen. John. Floyd resided and died in this county after 1829.
Jeffersonton, on the St. Ula, in S. "W. part of the county, is the capital; 25 miles N. N. W. St. Mary's, 28 S. W. " Brunswick, and 50 S. W. Darien. Sloops sail up to the town. 75 to 85 houses.
St. Mary's is. a port of entry, 6 rn, from, the ocean, and
said to be one of the most pleasant and healthy towns in the State. Population over 1000 ; Methodist and Pres byterian houses of worship.
Langsbury is a post village in the northern part. Cum berland, Dover, and Horse Islands are in this county.
The west part has been added to Charlton. This county was named after an English nobleman
who advocated the cause of the colonies in the Revolution ary war.
14. CAMPBELL COUNTY has Paulding and Cobb on the north, Fulton and Fayette on the east, Goweta south, and Carroll west; formed in 1828.
Campbellton is -the capital, on the E. side of the Chat'
tahoochee. It is not a large, but healthy place, This county has a dozen post-offices and other public
places, as Efton, Campbell Factory, New Manchester
Factory, Iff. and Sweetwater Factory, on the Cobb county line.
Mount Vernon, Ilolly Springs, and Antioch, are pub lic places.
Col. Duncan <?. Campbell, a native of North Carolina, represented Wilkes in our Legislature, and urged, as
early as 1825, a charter for a Female College. He did not succeed, but it was granted in 1836, the first, it is believed, ever chartered. He was Commissioner in the
treaty at Indian Springs, 1824; died in 1828, a firm believer in the Christian religion, and a Presbyterian by profession.
15. CAiiROLL COUNTY lies in the N. W. part of the State; it is bounded by Paulding and Haralson on the

K-, by Campbell and Coweta on the E., by Troup on the S., and Alabama on. the W. This county was acquired by the treaty of the Indian Springs, in 1825.
Large quantities of gold have been dug from this county. The Court-house has been removed from the 5th to the 10th district, since a portion of this county was taken oF the east side to form Heard.
Carrottton, post town and capital of Carroll county, named after that distinguished patriot, Charles Carroll,
of Maryland, contains over 75 houses, stores, court-house, and jail, and is situated in the 10th district of the county; is 22 miles ~W. N. W. Hammond's Ferry, or Pumpkin-
town, on the Chattahoochee; 4A^ miles N". W. Fayette. This town has been much enlarged since the last edition
was issued ; it has good schools, and the county has be come very populous.
Villa Rica was in existence about as early as Carroll-
ton, as it was in the midst of the gold diggings ; it is in the N. E. part, some 16 miles from the court-house.
Fifteen or more post-offices are in the county, proof that there is a dense population and a reading people.
Head waters of Little Tallapoosa are in this county, Trickum and Bormer's mines have no post-office.
~Bowdon is a post-office in.W. part of the county, and has a collegiate institute, a good institution of learning, in a flourishing condition 177 pupils on the last cata
logue. A collegiate institute was begun in Carrollton by Mr. Leake, in 1858, under favorable auspices,
Ohartes Carroll, of Maryland, one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence, has a world-wide fame; born in 1737, died 1832, aged about 95. Some years prior to his death, in a publication, he reaffirmed the facts stated in regard to the Declaration of Independence.
16. CASS COUNTS has Gordon 3ST-, Cherokee E., Cobb,
Pauldirig, and Polk S., Floyd W. The Etow'ah runs through the southern part;" Allatoonah Mt. in S. E.
corner. Limestone abounds; the lands are fertile. Ten or twelve post-offices. Oothkaloga Valley is in the
western part, and furnishes rich bottoms. The north

40

CASS.

part was cut off to form Gordon, yet now it is one of the most populous in the State ; over 13,000.
Iron and marble abound; Cooper's iron-works, a few miles from Gartersville, do much business; hollow ware is made in abundance, and some railroad iron. Colonel Cooper has constructed a road from the Western and Atlantic road, some five or sis: miles, to his works; his coal is brought from Dade, where he owns a mine.
Cassville is the capital, containing, .beside the public buildings, near 100 houses, beside stores, offices, shops, etc. The Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians have good houses of worship.
Cherolf.ee Baptist College is located here. It has gradu ated a few small classes ; opened in 1854.
Methodist"Female College is at this place; of several years' standing. Both institutions have fine brick edifices.
Oakland Institute in E. part. Etow'ah Iron-works, Etow'ah Cliffs, and Etow'ah Val ley, all in this county, not far from Cartersville, in S. E. part. Rowland's Mineral Springs are in E. quarter. At Rowland's Springs, some 8 miles r-T. E. Cartersville, hollow ware is also made. These Springs were much frequented by the Indians in the sickly season. There has been a first-rate school at the Springs. Cartersville is a village of some 50 houses, stores, shops, and offices on the Railroad, 7 miles S. El. Cass Sta tion. Grood carriages, wagons, and harness are manu factured here by an industrious people. Cartersville is asking for the Court-house and public buildings. Cass Station is the depot on the Railroad, some Si miles S- of the Court-house. This has a dozen houses and a Baptist meeting-house. Kingston is 6 miles N~. "W. where the Railroad for Rome diverges. This is a pretty, healthy village, of some 60 houses and a good Academy. Adairsville, Allatoona, and Dawsonville are small places on the Railroad. About a dozen post-offices are in this county.

CATOOSA----CHARLTON.

41

JSt'tiesboro1 is a pretty village in the S. W. part, S. of Etow'ah river, 8 miles from Cartersville. The Stilesboro'
Institute, lately established, is in a flourishing-condition. jEuharley is a few miles from Stilesboro'. Lewis Oass, a native of 3STew England, is now Secre
tary of State under President Buchanan; born in Exeter, K. H., 1782; Governor of North-Western Territory and of Michigan; first President of Michigan Historical Society; Minister to ^France; Secretary of War under
General Jackson; Senator from Michigan ; a stout, ath letic man never tasted a drop of spirits near 80, yet
fall of life and vigor. 17. CATOOSA COUNTY was formed by the Legislature
in 1856 out of Walker and "White-field. Tennessee is
X., Whitefield B. and S., Walker S. and W. Both Cbicamauga creeks run "N. through this county into Tennes
see river above Chattanooga. .Ringold is the capital? named after an officer killed in
one of the earliest battles of the Mexican war, before our army crossed the boundary. It has been in existence a
dozen years, but is yet a small place : since it has become the point for public business it begins to improve.
Catoosa Springs, in this county, are a few miles N. E. the Court-house, and one of the most fashionable re
sorts in the State: the buildings are splendid, beside domicils for boarders. Thousands visit this spot every season.
Wood's Station Post-Office is just W. of Taylor's Ridge, in the S. E. corner of the county, some 10 miles
N. of Gordon's Spring. This county perpetuates the name of Mineral Springs,
much celebrated for their healing virtues. The Indians
made this a place of public resort for many years j the
name is quite appropriate. 18. CHARLTON1 COUNTY; was created out of Camclen
in 1856, and part from Ware has since been appended. It has an odd shape, not unlike a huge axe with a large handle !N". and S. its wide blade turned W. has severed
Ware county nearly in twain. It is 70 miles N. and S.,

42

CHARLTOJN".

but most of the way only some 12 to 15 wide, except
where it has cut into Ware. The St. Ilia and St. Mary's rivers form most of the long eastern boundary, separat ing from Florida and Oamden. Wayne, Pierce, arid Ware are on the N~, and W. The south part of Ware has been added to Charlton. Burnt Fort, Oolerain, a village on St., Mary's river, Camp Pinckney, and MizeH 12 miles W. Colerain, are public places.
Traders Hill is the capital, near the St. Mary's river, in. the same latitude with St. Mary's city. Camp Pinckney, Golerain, and Oentre Village are all in this vieimty, some
55 miles W. St. Mary's, and 22 S. W. Jeffersonton. Much of Okefenoka swamp is in this county.
Centre 'Village is a post village of some importance,
and has been a market for cotton from Thomas and Lowndes counties. The Railroad, however, will divert the trade to Savannah and Brunswick. Jt was also the
centre of the fur trade, hides, peltry, &c,, in Camden county before this county was organized.
This county was named after T. U. -P. Charlton, of Savannah, Judge of the Superior Courts. His son has also been judge .a scholar, and fascinating writer and
poet. The father was born in Maryland, and educated at the College in Annapolis. The sou was a native of Savannah,, and was celebrated as a writer and man of taste.
19. CHATHAM is the first settled portion of the State, forming its S. E. corner, separated from South Carolina by Savannah river, from Bryan by the Ogeechee on the west Effingham is on the north. From February, 1733, for many years, this was the chief point of attraction.
Many distinguished men have been, reared in this county. The Revolutionary straggle developed mental strength and energy of character, that nothing but those, trying
times could develop they showed the genius and great
ness and endurance which belonged to our race, especially to the patriot and-hero.
Bonaventure, the birth-place of Grov. Tatnall, Cherokee
Hill, Fort Pulaski on Cockspur Island, are public places.

CHATHAM.

43

Many interesting- spots are in this county. Cockspur

Island, Tybee, Wilmington, and several other islands are

near.

Savannah Gity and port of entry in Chatham county,

is the largest town m the State, It is on a sandy bluff,

40 feet above the surface of the Savannah river, on the

S. bank of which it is situated, and was laid out in 1733,

by General Oglethorpe. It contains 16 houses of public

worship, viz: two for Presbyterians, 2 each for Episco

palians, 1 Methodists, 2 Baptists, Lutherans, Roman Catho

lics, Jews, and 4= for Africans, one of which has more

than 2,000 church-members attached to the congregation.

The other public buildings are an Exchange, Court

house, Jail, J?oor-house, Hospital, Theatre, an. Academy,

180 by 60 feet, 4 Banks, Hall of the Historical Society,

Reservoir for distributing water 80 feet high, &c. The

new Presbyterian house of worship is one of the most

elegant in the United States.

The town is regularly laid out, the streets wide and

ornamented with the China tree, which affords a refresh

ing shade in the sultry months.

The chief part of the exports and imports for the State

are landed in this place. The amount of exports in nine

months, of 1817, was computed, at $9,966,503. Prom

SOfch September, 1824, to 80th. September, 1825, were

exported 137,695 bags of cotton ; 7,235 tierces of rice ;

and 14 hogsheads of tobacco. From 30th September,

1825, to 30th September, 1826, 190,578 bags cotton;

11, 455 tierces rice ; 170 hogsheads tobacco. The value

of these items of export of 1825, at the present low

prices, is $6,800,000. Other articles were exported to

a considerable amount. About 9 cents was the average

price for cotton when the estimate of $6,800,000 was

made; but put it at 15 cents, the ordinary price, and

other articles accordingly, and we have more than

$11,000,000. Since a safe inland passage , has been dis

covered, via Beaufort to Charleston, some part of

the exports from. Augusta has passed by Savannah to

Charleston.

.

44

CHATHAM.

In January, 1S20, this town was burned, but it has risen from its ashes in new splendor and beauty. The buildings are now more elegant and of more durable
materials than those that were drowned in the fieryocean. Savannah is in Lat. 32 6' Long. 4 14'.
Savannah, abounds in benevolent institutions. .Among these the Union Society, for educating boys, should not be forgotten. It has just held its 80th anniversary.
Col. Campbell commanded the British, when this place was taken, on the 29th December, 1778. Gen. Howe, the .American commander, was compelled to retreat with. considerable loss.
This town has increased in size and beauty by the erection of several fine buildings. A new house of wor
ship for sailors has been erected, through the liberality of the late Josiah Penfield, deacon of the Baptist church, who willed away, also, many thousand dollars besides that for this building.
The plan of this city was drawn by Ogletliorpe, and it is one of the most beautiful in the country. The streets are all wide, and planted with, trees, and where they cross are squares enclosed, and also surrounded by trees: the
streets parallel with, the river are nearly east and west. "West Broad street has two rows of trees in the centre, and one on each side: those in the centre furnish a refreshing shade in the heat of summer. This street is 180 feet wide.
The monument in memory of Gen. Green and Count Pulaski, was finished in February, 1830. It stands south of the Exchange, in one of the squares. It is &> simple
obelisk of white marble. The .pedestal is 8 feet 5 inches by 4 feet 8|, rising IS feet, and surrounded by a cornice of 1 foot. The needle is 5 feet 4 inches at the base, and
4 by 2 feet 3 at the apex, rising 36 feet. The pedestal is formed of 12 pieces, each 1 foot 7 inches in height. The
whole weighs 56,000 pounds. Altitude of the whole 50 feet.
This monument has no inscription upon it, and is therefore the subject of much inquiry by strangers. It

CHATTAHOOCHEE----CHATTOOGA.

45

was designed to erect two monuments, and the corner stones were both laid -when Lafayette visited the city in 1825; but it was ascertained that the funds collected would build only one, so the naming has been omitted till the other shall be erected." It however goes by the name of Pulaski monument, aod a public house near by has taken the name of " Pulaski House."
Savannah has grown immensely, and has now between 20 and 30,000 inhabitants ; had 15,300 in 1850.
It has greatly increased in size and beauty since the Central Railroad has been completed to Macon.
The Georgia Hist. Soc. has erected a beautiful hall. Water has been introduced into the city from, the river; the distributing reservoir is 80 feet high.
Many distinguished men have resided in Savannah. Her patriots during the Revolution were many and noble men. Bryan, N~. W. and James Jones, Habersham, John and Joseph Clay, John Barnard, Colonel "White. Dr, Holcomb, Dr. Kolloch, Jndge Berrien, and many others.
This county was named after Wm. Pitt, the Sari of Chatham, one of the most bold and most able defenders of the rights of the colonies jduring our struggle for liberty.
20. CETATTAHOOCHEE COUNTY was formed out of Muscogie and old Randolph in 1854, and named after the river that washes its western boundary. The Upatoic creek divides it from Muscogee. Marion is on the B. and Stewart on the S. It is a small county. Old Fort Mitchell is opposite its N". W. corner.
Ousseta is the capital, in a central point, and but a small village. Post-offices are Jamestown, Cottage Mill,
Halloca. This county receives its name from the river that
washes its western border; a Creek word signifying pictured or painted rocks, as that kind, variegated rocks, abound in the stream.
21. CHATTOOGA COUNTY is south of Walker, Gordon is on the east, Floyd on the south, Alabama on the west;

46

CHATTOOGA.

erected out of "Walker and J?loyd in 1838, It is named after its principal river, which falls into the Coosa in
Alabama. It has 10 post-offices, one factory ; Broomtown and Islandtown, public spots, which were old
Indian towns. Surfir/ierville, is the capital, near the west side of
Chattooga river, and is a thriving town; Baptist, Metho dist, and Presbyterian meeting-houses, and academy. Arnurchee academy is two miles from Dirttown post-
office. * Subligna is a post village 12 miles !N". Dirttown, and
has a good "school begun this year. This county is named after its principal river, which
rises in "Walker, runs S. W.} and in Ala. falls into the Coosa.
Cherokee Indians, a nation which occupied several thousand square miles in the !N. W. part of the chartered limits of this State.* "Within the last twenty years, the Cherokees have rapidly advanced towards civilization. They now live in comfortable dwellings, cultivate large
farms, and raise large herds of cattle, which they sell to the neighboring States. Many mechanical arts have been introduced among^ them; they have carpenters,
blacksmiths, &c., and their women spin and weave, and make butter and cheese. The population, instead of decreasing, as is the case generally with tribes surrounded
by the whites, increases rapidly. There were in 1826, 13,563 natives in the nation ; (i. e. covering all the territory claimed by them, not only in Georgia, but also in Alabama, North Carolina, and Tennessee,) 147 white men, and 73 white -women, who had intermarried with
them, and 1,277 slaves. Total, 15,060 souls; increase in the six preceding years, 3,563.

~- In 1S02, Georgia ceded to the United States all that territory which now forms Mississippi and Alabama; and, as a part of the con
sideration for such cession, the United States promised to extinguish
" for the use of Georgia, as early as can be peaceably obtained, on rea sonable terms," the Indian title to all the other lands within the State of Georgia.

CHATTOOGA.

47

By a convention of delegates in 1826 or 7, a written constitution was formed by which the power of govern ment is vested in three departments, Legislative, Execu-
, tive*, and Judicial. The Legislative is a Committee and Council, answering to our Senate and House of Repre sentatives. -The territory is divided into eight districts, in each of which are to be elected on the first Monday in August of every other year, two members for the Com
mittee or Senate, and three for the Council. These are to meet annually at their metropolis, New Echota, on
the second Monday in October. The members of the Committee are to receive for their services per day, two
dollars and fifty cents, and those of the Council two dollars.
The supreme executive power is in a principal chief,
who is chosen by the General Council, that is, both Houses united.
The supreme judicial power is vested in three judges, who hold their sessions annually at New Echota, com
mencing on the second Monday in October. There are also in the nation circuit judges and magistrates.
The mission at Spring Place was established in 1801,
and-since that time several establishments have been made among them, and a number of the Indians con verted to the Christian faith. The missionaries have translated the New Testament into the Cherokee lan guage. A Mr. Guess, a native, has invented an alphabet
consisting of 86 characters, and by which many of the older Indians have learned to read and write. A weekly paper called the " Cherokee Phcenix," was issued at New Echota, part in English and part in Cherokee.
The editor received his education at the missionary establishment in Connecticut. Their superstitious no
tions are leaving them. Bigamy is quite common among the older men. Property is not vested in the male ; and the woman on marrying, does not forfeit her
title to her stock, &c., but property is held distinct by husband and wife.
In his last message to Congress, President Adams

48

CHEKOKEE CLARKE.

seems to discover the impropriety of allowing an inde

pendent nation to rise up in any of the States; and no

doubt measures will be adopted to remove the Cherokees

peaceably to lands beyond the Mississippi, where t we

hope they may be the means of extending the light of

the gospel to surrounding tribes. Left Georgia tw;enty

years ago.

Some words in their language are very long, as is the

case with most languages in their rude state. One or

two words are here inserted to keep in remembrance

the sounds which were used by the Cherokees, when,

perhaps, they shall have faded from, the earth:

Culchota, a house.

Soquillah, a "horse.

Yonah, a bear.

Chesfcatee, pine torch.

==

O-se-sa-nawlah, good morning.

22. CHEEOKEE COUNTY. In 1831 the country was

surveyed into sections, and in 1832 divided into 10 coun

ties : Cherokee, Cobb, Forsyth, Floyd, Gilmer,- Cass,

Lumpkin, Paulding, Murray, and Union. Murray was

afterwards divided, and the western part named Walker.

A. small strip of Paulding was added to Campbell in

1832. Several new counties are organized in this region.

This county has several gold mines and" some copper

mines, and also marble quarries, sources of immense

wealth. The Etow'ah runs through the county. Over a

dozen post-offices, several merchant mills, lands rich and

crops abundant. Sharp Top is a singular mountain in

the north part.

Canton is the capital on south side of Etow'ah river,

and has risen up to be a considerable town. The last

of the Cherokees removed to their new home on the north

side of Arkansas river in 1841.

Gold and copper mines are in "this county. Lainng

Gal is the name of a public place in western part.

23. GLAEKE COUNTY is watered by the Oconee and

Appalachee rivers, laid out from Jackson in 1801. Four

or five factories, paper mill, and 40 saw and grist mills.

CLABKE.

49

Watic'inswUe is the capital. 64 miles N". N". W. Mil-
ledgeville, 7 S. Athens, 20 N. T$. E. Madison, 27 N. N. "W". Grreenesboro'. For twenty years this place seemed to stand still in regard to improvements. An important suit was determined, by which, the title to the lots was decided to be good ; then it moved forward rapidly.
Athens, the seat of Franklin College, is one of the most important towns in the State. For nearly forty years .it was the only town having within its borders a college, by which literary men are attracted to a spot, and where
they begin to draw others into the paths of science. No
lace surpasses it in refinement, morals, splendid resiences, good society, and learned men. As Greece was enlightened by a city after which this town was named,
so Georgia for years regarded this place. She gave laws to fashion and literature; and frequently from her college chapel politics sent forth its decrees, who should be Gov ernor, Members of Congress, and sustain the highest of
fices. Since, other colleges have been establish ed,yet she is still attractive, is thronged with the elite of the State, and " sits a queen;" but she is not now the only oracle to be consulted in pronunciation, polite literature, and the eti
quette of fashionable life. Estimated population 4,000. Farmington is a new village comparatively, having re
ceived a name about 1837. 6 miles S. Court-house, and
5 N". Salem. It has good schools and some 20 families. Salem is a village of some SO houses and Methodist
meeting-house, in the S. W. corner of the county, 10 miles S. S. W. Court-house, 6 W. Scull's Shoals or Poullaiirs Factory on the Oonee, and 3 Bast Floyd's Mills on the Apalachie. Mr. Archibald Scott and lady taught here
between 1835 and 1840. j/ Lucy Gobb is the name of a high school lately estab lished in 1ST. W. part of Athens, chiefly through the ef
forts of T. R. E. Cobb. It is represented as being one of the first schools in the country, and having a most com
modious and most tasteful edifice. General Elijah Clark, a brave soldier in Revolutionary

50

CLAY CLAYTON,

times, and father of John Clarke, governor in 2819, is the person after whom this county was named. He fought in South Carolina, at Kettle creek, in Wilkes, . and at the siege of Aiagusta, and routed the Creeks on Jack's creek in Morgan, in 1787.
2-i. CLAY COUNTY -was erected in 1854: out of old Early and Randolph. Quitrnan is N., Randolph and Calhoun E., Early S., and t, ChattahooChee river "W. Colomochee creek forms most of the southern boundary, and Pataulau, or Po&ttoe, runs through the N\ ~W. part.
Fort Gaines^ near-r the Chattahoochee on the western side is the capitaljand terminus of the B. B. from Macon. This will give an impetus to building, although it has been a considerable town for twenty years.
Other post towns are Pomaria and Fall Creek in S. E. part.
* >oweU is on Potatoe or Pataulau creek in the N~. W. Falls here give great water-power. Jn 1837 Fort Gaines contained about 500 inhabitants ; 10 merchants, 2 tav erns, 3 doctors, 4 confectioneries, 1 or 2 houses of wor ship. 25 miles S. W. Cuthbert; 20 Blakely j 59 Kewton, Many of the people are industrious mechanics. Half a million dollars' worth of goods and groceries are annually sold here, brought up the river and dispersed into Clay, Early, Calhoun, and Dougherty counties. This place will be much enlarged as soon as the cars reach it now growing rapidly in anticipation.
Clay County receives its name from Henry Clay of Kentucky ; a native of Virginia ; many years Speaker of House of Representatives; Secretary of State under J. Q. Adams; Foreign Minister; Senator from Ken tucky a long period ; died in the discharge of his public duties at Washington city; one of our most eminent and useful statesmen,
25. CLAYTON COUNTY was formed in 185S out of Fayette atfd Henry. Fulton and De Kalb oil the N., Heary E., Spaulding S., and Fayette W. Uowgh and Heady is a small post village near the northern line on the B. R.

CLINCH----COBB.

51

Jbnesborough is the capital, with some 50 houses and stores, Meeting-houses for Baptists and Methodists, and Academy, Steam Mill, &c., standing on the Macon and "Western R. B., 23 miles S. Atlanta, 20 N. W. Griffin.
A. S. Clayton, after whom this county was named, spent most of his life afc Athens ,' was in the first cJass graduated at Franklin College in 1804 ; Judge of North ern Circuit; Member of Congress 1833. Died June, 1839, aged 55.
Judge C. Clayton was an author of celebrity : his " Mysterious Picture " is an ingenious work, 'His wit was keen and satirical. He exerted great influence by his writings. He professed rjsligion late in life.
In this county Rev. Joshua $. Gallaway resided and preached many years to the Joifesboro' church. His in fluence was commanding in all this region. Died 1855 or '56, about 60 years of age, greatly beloved.
26. CLINCH COUNTY was laid out from Ware in 1852. Coffee is on the N., Ware E., Florida and Echols 8., and JSchoIs, I/owndes, and Berrien W. Suwanoochee creeks, head of Suwanee river, are in this county.
Magnolia, is the capital. Beside this town, Homersville 12 miles N. E., Carter's Bridge west side on A3apalah river Cow creek on the Echols line, are postoffices.
Gen. Clinch, a native of North Carolina, was the hero of the Battle of Withlocoochee in Florida, in the Flori da War -, Member of Congress from Georgia, 1843-5. " Honor, gallantry, and a faithful discharge of every trust, were his shining^ virtues." Died in December, 1849. In 1847 he received 41,937 votes for'Governor Towns, 43,220.
27. COBB COUNTY has Cass and Cherokee on N., Mil ton and FuHon on the E,, parted by Chattahoochee river, Fulton and Campbell S., and Paulding W. Some 11 or 12 post-offices ; laid out in 1832 ; population in I860 near 14,000.
This county has a large number of mills ; Desmead's, Merrit's, Marshall's, &c., Paper factory, variety works

52

COFFEE.

for sash and furniture, Cotton factories, 2 or 3 Tanneries, and other industrial concerns. They must be an indus trious people in Cobb. The Military Institute is in this county, now owned by the State, just S. of the Court house.
Marietta, the capital, 26 miles S. Cassville on. the R. B. is now a large and flourishing town, with some splendid private residences. Two Female High Schools, one lately Established by Rev. Mr. Robert. Marietta is 1152 feet above the ocean the highest point on the R. R. except one six miles west, which is four feet higher. Ex-Gov ernor McDonald resides here, late Judge of Supreme Court.
Roswell, a post village, is- in S. part of Milton, some fourteen miles from Marietta and Wahoo, near the Chattahoochee. Here are the Roswell Cotton factories ; 1000 inhabitants; excellent caslmere is manufactured here; Roswell is in Milton, not in Cobb.
Andersonville is a small place in N. W. part of Cobb. Powder Springs is a post village, much frequented in the summer months, S. "W. part, twelve miles from Court-house. Golgotha and Sweetwater are public places, the lat ter near the S. B. corner. Kenesaw mountain is three miles N, Court-house, and strikes the traveller with de light. Lost mountain is on W. side of the county. Thos, W. Cobb, a, native of Columbia, 1789, was Mem ber of Congress 1817-21 and 1823-4; Judge of Ocmulgee Circuit; Senator in Congress ; died 1830. He was a man of distinguished talents. About 1822 he re moved from Lexington and settled in Greenesboro'. He entertained great respect for religious people, but never made a profession. He was a great admirer of Rev. Jesse Mercer. 28. COFFEE COUNTY was erected out of Irwin, Telfair, and Appling in 1854. The Ocmulgee is on the 1ST., Appling and Ware on theE., Clinch on the S., and Berrien and Irwin on the W. Head, waters of the St. Ilia river are in this county.

COLQUITT COLUMBIA.

53

Douglas is the capital, located on the railroad proposed to be ran from Initial Point to Albany ; that is, an ex tension of the road from Savannah. Bird's Mill, Red Bluff, Torrouia in the N. W. corner, and Ocmulgeeville on the river, are post-offices, but the villages are small.
Gen. John Coffee, a citizen of Telfair, was a native of Virginia in 1780, "whence his father, when he was a child, " removed to Hancock, Georgia, where he was many years a member of Powelton church. Gen, Coffee was active in the Indian wars and war of L812, and Member of Con gress 1883--5, 1835 6.
29. COLQUITT COUNTT was taken, from Irwin and Tho mas counties in 1756. Worth is !N"M Berrien IS., Brooks and Thomas S., and Mitchell W. Head streams of the Ochlockonee river are in this county.
Moultrie is the capital, located centrally between the Ochlockonee and Ocopilco creek in the 8th District.
Ochlockonee^ northern part, and Greenfield, are named as post villages.
W. T. Colquitt, after whom^this county is named, was born in Halifax county, Virginia, 1799. Soon his parents removed to Hancock, Georgia, where the subject of this memoir attended the academy, at Mount Zion, conducted by Dr. Beman ; then spent some time in Princeton College, but did not graduate; studied law with Colonel Rockwell in Milledgeville ; was elected Judge of Chattahoochee Circuit at the age of 27. Member of Congress 1838; in 1842 Senntor, and continued to fill that office many years. Died in Macon, May, 1855. He w^s a. warm Methodist, and frequently preached, and often opened his Courts with prayer. He possessed great versatility of talent; there was sometimes a levity about him that did not so well tally with his holy profession. Some of his children exhibit strong marks of their father's character. They are respectable, and talented, and bid fair tp shine in the councils of the state and nation.
SO. COLUMBIA COUNTT is on Savannah river, between Hichmond and Lincoln, watered by Kiokee, lichee and Upton's creeks. Rev. Daniel Marshall preached in this

64

COLUMBIA.

county in 1770, then St. Paul's Parish; was arrested, ta ken to Augusta, and chiefly, before Parson Ellington of
Apostolic succession, was tried, and ordered no more.to preach in Georgia. He had the courage, however, to move into the State with his family, and went every where preaching the word. Abraham Baldwin resided in this county.
Peter Orawford, father of Governor Grawford, a most useful member of our Legislature, resided many years in this county, where Governor Crawford was born.
Dr. Waddett taught an academy in this county in 1794, and was assisted by ~Wm. H. Crawford. T. W. Cobb, J. C. Calhoun, and E. Simpkins were pupils. Some li post-offices.
Applingis, the capital, named after Colonel Daniel Appling, a native of this county. Governor Towns was also born in Columbia. The place has never reached eminence, nor attained, to a large size. The Methodists and Baptists have houses of worship. The Academy, a good brick building, is a quarter of a mile West of the town. Is has a Library and Apparatus, and some funds. This town is 82 miles E. N. E., M. 23 N. W. from. Aogusta, 30 S. E. from. Washington, 16 S. R. from Wrightsboro'.
Wrightsboro1 is an old village, built before the Revolu tion, in the N. W. corner of this county, 56 miles N. E. M., 22 from. Crawfordsville, 15 from Appling, containing a house of worship and an Academy.
jRaysville is a small place on both sides Little river, in this a-nd Lincoln counties.
~Winfield is between this latter place and the Cou rt-house. Oobham was made the seat of justice for this county, when it was first laid out from Richmond in 1790, but it was south of the centre. A few houses still linger here. This county was named after Christopher Columbus, who discovered America in 1492.
At a meeting of the Georgia Association in this county, May, 1785, a Protest and Remonstrance were passed against an Act of the Legislature at its recent ses-

" COWETA CRAWFOKD.

55

siorj, "giving two penceperpound to the minister chosen

by any thirty families, in order to his support, to be paid

out of the State Treasury." Silas Mercer, father of Jesse

and Peter Smith, were appointed a committee to bear

said Protest to the Legislature and pray for its Repeal :

the petition, was heard, and the Act repealed. The Bap

tists then were ten to one of all other denominations, and

their ministers would have^ filled all the places: but re

ligious liberty is one of their cardinal principles, which

can never be enjoyed in all-its length and breadth, if

church and state are leagued together as the Act antici

pates. (See MS. "Vol. of Legislature, Book B.)

31. COWETA COUNTY has Campbell and part of Car-

roll on the 1ST., Fayette E., Merriwether and part of Troup

S., and Heard W. Mclntosh Reserve was inN. W. cor

ner of this county, and here he resided for some time:

the Goweta Indian towns were near this, and were once

visited by general Oglethorpe. Population in 1860

about 11,000.

Two Academies, beside those in IsTewnan, are in the

county; besides a dozen post-office villages or places,

Mineral Springs, Pleasant Hill, Orr. and other frequented

spots.

Rose Bower, a village 8 miles N. from the Court-house

has a good school.

Newnant after general NTewnan, a brave soldier, Mem

ber of Congress, is the capital. It is now a large town,

125 miles N. W. M., 30 N. B. from Lagrange, 42 S. W.

from Atlanta, 26 from Carrollton, and same distance

from Campbellton. Methodists and Baptists have good

houses of worship. "

_

This county was named in 1826 after general Wm.

Mclntosh, the head chief of the Cowetas, a tribe of Creek

Indians. He had been a firm friend of Georgia, and aid

ed in the war of 1812, when the British had excited many

of the Creeks against us : he was basely assassinated in

his own house by Indians.

32. CKAWFORD COUNTY lies S. of Monroe. Bibb and

Houston are E. andS.E., Macon S., and Taylor and Up-

56

BADE,

son W. Flint river forms part of "western boundary. Echoconnee creek separates it from Bibb. This is a Muacogee word, and signifies Deer-trap. Much of the soil is sandy. Five or six post-offices.
The Museogee railroad runs through, the southern corner.
J^hoxvi^le^ after general Knox of Revolutionary memo ry, is the capita], 7 miles E. Fort Lawrence on the Flint, on Lot No. 14 of the second district, old Houston, 52 miles S. W. M., 28 S. from Thomaston, :_'8 N. W. from Perry. The Academy is a neat two-story building.
JFrancesvttte, W. from Sandy Point, 6 miles N. E. of the Court-house, Hammock's Grove N". W, and Everett on railroad are public places.
W. H. Orawford, after whom this county was named, was bora in V irginia, 1772, came to Columbia county} Georgia, 1783 ; learned the languages of Dr. "Waddel; re moved to Oglethorpe, 1799, which county he repre sented in the Legislature four years; elected to the II. S. Senate 1807 ; Minister to France 1818 ; Secretary of Treas ury under Madison and Monroe till 1825 : then had a respectable vote for President .U, S., but J. Q. Adams was elected. Governor Troup appointed him Judge of the Horthern Circuit in 1827, after the death of Judge Dooly, which he held tiil his death in September, 1834. One of Georgia's most distinguished Statesmen.
33. BADE COUNTY was cut from Walker in 1837 ; ,in sliape it is nearly an isosceles triangle, standing on its "aWpe. x south. Tennessee is !N"., Walker E., and Alabama
The Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad runs in this county, some three miles, near the N. E. corner. Chief mountain is Raccoon, running !N". and S., jutting into Tennessee, and Look-Out Mt., which holds up its highhead within three miles of Chattanooga. Cooper and Gordon's coal mines are in this county.
^Saltpetre Gave is near Trenton. The famous Nickojack Cave was supposed to be in this county till 1818, when the line was run between the

DAWSON.

57

States. The mouth, which can be seen from the cars

just where the ISTickojack creek enters Tennessee river, is

nearly half a mile south ; but the cave itself belongs to

Georgia, for it was traced south some two miles from its

entrance. Judge Stocks and others were six hours in

exploring its wonders in 1818. The creek is 60 feet

wide, which they navigated in a boat over two miles. It

is nearly equal to the Mammoth cave of Kentucky. This

region is the place for huntsmen and those fond of the

,chase; deer, turkeys, bears*, and even panthers are

plenteous. County named in 1837.

Trenton is the capital, a small place, and difficult of

access, because of the mountains ; 22 miles Lafayette, 37

1ST. Summersville, and 230 N. W. M.

Rising Farm and Saludd Farm post-offices are in the

south ; Look-Out Station in the north ; Hobbie is also a

post-office.

Francis L. Dade was a native of Dumfries, "Virginia, a

major in the Forida war. With his company he started

with 200 men from Tarnpa Bay, 1835, but not far off

they were surrounded by Indians, and only two escaped

butchery.

34. D'AWSON COUNTY was formed out of Lumpkin,

Forsyth, and Gilmer, in 1857, Hall bounds a few miles

on the E., a corner of Cherokee, Pickens, and Gilmer

bound the "W., Fannin touches N. E. corner; Arma-

chola creek is the boundary between this county and Gil

mer, on 1ST. W., the falls of which, 17 miles W. Dalonega,

are said to be higher than Toccoa, which are 180 feet.

This county is of small dimensions. Etow'ah river

runs through the southern part. Some six or eight post-

offices.

Dawsonville is the capital ; a new place. It is 14 miles

S. W. Auraria, and 26 from Dalonega.

Wm. Crosby Dawson was born in Greene county, Jan.,

1798 ; died 1856, 58 years old; a graduate of Franklin .

College. He was a dozen years clerk of Georgia House

of Representatives ; both Representative and Senator

from Greene county; 3*

a terror

to

the

Seminole

Indians,

58

DECATUR DEKALB.

in 1836; Member of Congress 1837; Judge Ocmulgee Circuit, 1845, and received 33,703 votes for governor, in 1841; his opponent, Grov. McDonald, was elected by 37,847 votes; Senator in Congress, 1849 to 1855. He 'was a popular and faithful representative of his con stituents.
35. DflOATUR COUNTY forms the S. "W. corner of the State, at the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint. The Flint cuts it in twain diagonally from K. IS. to S. W. Some eight or ten postroifices. Spring creek passes through the western portion into Flint, some eight miles above the confluence with the Chattahoochee. The Slue, some 30 miles long, and 1 to 2 broad, enters this county from Mitchel, with a lakish appearance, and conies down within 9 miles of Bainbridge. Some lands are very fertile, and some barren and unproductive.
JBainbridcfe, the capital, with some 1500 inhabitants, was also named after a distinguished commodore in our navy. It is on the site of old Fort Hughes, in south part of 15th district of old Early. Steamers come up to the wharf. 190 miles S. W. M., 35 W. Thomasville, 40 !N". Tallahassee. The railroad from Savannah "will soon reach this place, and. render it a very important town.
Fowltown is an old Indian town on the Chattahoochee, S. W. from Bainbridge. Fowltown academy is 13 miles S. Court-house.
Nunnerline is ten miles S. Court-house.
Argyle is near the confluence on Chattahoochee.
OHvegrove is eight miles above Fowltown.
This county was named after Com, Decatur, a brave
naval officer, who performed most efficient service in the
Mediterranean in 1804, and during the war of 1812; he
was killed in a duel by Com. Barren, in 1820.
86. DEKALB COUNTY has Milton K., Gwinnett E., Newton S. E., Henry-arid CJayton S., and Fulton W. Chat tahoochee river is the northern boundary, but only some 15 miles, for the western portion has been cut off to form Fulton. The Itock mountain, a solitary sugar-loaf peak, is in this county, some 2000 feet above the creek that

59
winds around its base. Immense quantities of marble are wrought at Rock mountain, and sent to various points.
Decatur is the capital, but since the rapid growth of Atlanta this town has ceased to improve. It is 95 miles N. W. M-, 9 from Bock Mt., 28 N. W. Covington.
Rock Mountain is a post-village just by the mountain, containing some 30 to 40 houses. The Georgia Rail road seems to turn 20 miles out of its course to give pas sengers a clear and near view of this wonderful sight. The cloudy tower on its summit has been blown down. Rock) instead of stone, mountain is the true name ; it is a vast mass of rock not a liigh pile or heap of stones.
The Baron Dekalb^ after whom this county was named, a German by birth, accompanied Lafayette to this country, and was appointed: a Major-General in our army. At the battle of Camden he received eleven wounds, and was made prisoner. When condoled with by a British officer, he replied, " Z thank you for your generous sympathy; but I die the death I always prayed for the death of a soldier fighting for the rights of man." Noble sentiment'. In October, 1780, Congress directed a monument to be erected to his memory, in Annapolis, Maryland.
St. DOOI/X" COUNTY has Marion and Houston on the N., Pulaski and Wilcox. on tne E., Worth and a corner of Macon on the S., Sutnter and corners of Lee and Macon W.; Flint river is tke western boundary. Lands look beautiful, but are not so lasting as some others, though they have sold high.
Vienna is the capital, 13 miles E. Flint river, in 7th district, 97 miles S. W. M., and probably near the site of the old. capital called JBerrien, 6 miles W. Blackshear's road from Hartford to Fort Early. It is a small place, containing the usual public buildings.
Drayton, on Flint river, became the capital in 1835, and Berrien ceased to wear its honors. Drayton still has a name about midway between the Court-house and Americus, the Court-house of Sumter.

60

DOOLY.

Travellers Rest is in the N. "W. corner, and was named. Bristol, some 20 years ago, which seemed to be stretching its dimensions and business hugely.
fort Early is in S. "W. corner; there is a large pond near Byromville in N. "W".
Col. John Dooly^ after whom this county was named, was born in North Carolina, in 1740. His residence * was Jjincoln; was in several battles, beside Kettle creek, in 1779. McCorckle and other tories murdered him in his own house in the night. His son, John M., was a distinguished jurist, and judge of the Northern Circuit.
38. POUGHERTY COUNTY was laid out from Baker, in 1854; Lee and Terrell N., Mitchell and Baker S., Worth E., and Calhoun W.; Mint river cuts the eastern part, JCioIca the west ; Kinchafoone enters the Flint on the north line.
Albany is the capital, now a considerable town, and growing rapidly, as it is the present terminus of the rail road from Macon, It has a flourishing academy, houses of worship for Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, and Episcopalians. Estimated population 2500 it may reach this in the winter season, if the suburbs be included. Over 30,000 bags of the cotton crop of 1858 were sold, and that of 1859 will be several thousands larger. Colonel Tift built the first house or cabin in 1836. The bridge is over 900 feet long, though it extends much beyond the natural channel of the Flint, so as to cross the bottom when the water is high. .A. fine brick house is built for the keeper; the 2nd story is called " Concert Hall," wh.ere concerts and lectures are given. There are some fine brick blocks of stores, and beautiful residences. In proportion to the number of voters, it is said Dougherty county pays more taxes than any other county. This t(5wn has begiin to m'ake a railroad to WaresboroV some 80 miles east, to meet the road from Brunswick.
Q-illionville is a p9st village in the N. W., nearly ex tinct. Millwood is S. Blue Spring is S. E., Court-house E. of the Flint.
Byron, the old capital of Baker, is 12 miles W.

EOHOLS.

61

Court-house, now a corn-field. Fort Hill is E. of the Flint, Oak Lawn is H. on K.ioka creek.
Charles Dougherty was born .near Athens ; educated at Franklin College ; active member of our Legislature, and Judge of the Northern or Western Circuit, 1831 and also 1841. He was a sterling man, and useful in many
departments. He was of a Presbyterian family, and was doubtless a member.. In 1835 he received for Governor 28,606 votes, and 32,807 in 1839 ; his opponents were Win. Schley and Chas. J. McDonald.
39. EAKLY COUNTY was once very large, out of which, near a dozen counties have been created. Clay and Cal-
houn are IN"., Baker and Mitchell E,, Miller and Decatur S., and Alabama W. Laid out in 1818. Seven post-
offices. Blakely is the capital, 180 miles S. W. M., 50 N. Bain-
bridge, 22 S. Fort Gaines. This town has grown since our last edition ; it is N. E. of the centre.
Gatesville in the N. W., and Pinfe Ridge in southern
part, are small places. Spring creek is in N. E. cor ner.
J?et&r .Early was born in Virginia, 1773 ; graduate of
Princeton; began to practise law in Wilk.es, 1776 ; Mem ber of Congress from Greens, 1802 ; first judge Ocmulgee Circuit, 1807 j Governor, 1813-15 ; vetoed the Alle
viating Law, a law to prevent the collection of debts, and hence became unpopular elected to State Senate 1816 ; died August, 1817, universally lamented. " He was a perspicuous and impressive speaker, and in the arrangement of his argument was superior to any speaker
I ever heard." Wm.ff.Orawford.--He had no superiors. 40. ECHOLS COUNTY was formed in 1X58 out of Clinch
and Lowndes; they are on the N. B. and W., Florida S.,
Alapaha river runs through western part. Troublesome post-office is on B. of Alapaha, though the maps put it
on the W. side. Cow creek post-office in the N. part B. of the river. Fort Gilmer is S. B. Levere is 6 miles N.
Statenmlle, on the site of Troublesome post-office, on
the B. side of Alapaha, is selected for the seat of justice.

62

EFFINGHAM.

It is of course a small place, as the county was laid- out

1858.

--

Robert M. Echols, of Walton county, after whom this

county was named, was a native of Georgia j President

of our Senate, and an active man. He was Colonel of

the Georgia Regiment in the Mexican war ; died in that

country, and was buried on his farm near Broken Arrow,

in S. "W. part of the county.

41. EFFINGHAM: COUNTY was settled by Germans in

1735, soon after Oglethorpe had laid out Savannah.

Scriven, Chatham, and Bullock are contiguous counties.

Springfield is the capital, 140 miles S. E. M., 27 1ST. N.

W. Savannah, and though laid out, and the place of

public business some 60 years, it is still a small but

healthy town. The Academy is richly endowed, with

house for teachers ; it had $15,000 twenty years ago.

Lutheran and Methodist meeting-houses.

Ebenezer is an old place on the Savannah river, 25

miles from the city, once a large and flourishing town,

for 341 persons came from Germany and made tb.e set

tlement. Mr. Wesley visited them at an ordination of a

minister, and says: " the great simplicity as well as

solemnity of the whole scene almost made him foTget

the 1700 years between, and imagine himself in one of

those assemblies where form and state were not, but Paul

the tent-maker, or Peter the fisherman, presided, yet with

the demonstration of the Spirit." (Law's Oration.)

Whitefield also made them a visit in 1738. Most of the

post-offices are on the railroad, on the western side of

the county. Sister's Ferry in N. E., on Savannah river,

is a post-office.

Rev. Mr. Storbel has written a history of this people.

A-bercorn and Tuckaseefcing were once considerable towns

in this county, but both are now gone to decay. Tucka-

seeking was the seat of justice in 1784, and Sbenezer in

1799. At this former place, as early as 1771, Edmund

Botsford preached with great acceptance and usefulness

to a small church.

This county was named in honor of Lord Effingham,

a warm friend in the British Parliament to the Colo
nies. 42. ELBEBT COUNTS is in the fork of Savannah and
Broad rivers. Hart is 3>3"., Lincoln, Wilkes, and Ogle-
thorpe S., Madison "W. . Elberton is the capital, 90 miles N. N. E. M., 26 miles
IS. -E. Ijexingtou, 8 miles S. Webb's Ferry on Broad river, 7 miles W. Ruckersville, and 21 miles E. S. E.
DanielgviJle. This county pays considerable attention to education ; two academies at the Court-house, and meet ing-houses.
-Elberton was a village, years ^tgo, in Emngham. Ruckersville is a pretty village 7 miles E. Elberton,
near Van's creek, containing a dozen dwellings, stores, shops, academy, and Baptist meeting-house.
Edinburg is a small place N. E. on the river. Petersburg, at the confluence of Savannah and Broad
rivers, was once a considerable town, a distributing postoffice; but it has dwindled. It was the great depdt for tobacco raised in this region, and thence floated to
Augusta, But tobacco has yielded to cotton, and very little has been raised since 1810.
Over a dozen post-offices in the county.
A factory was erected near RuckersvIUe as early as 1837 or 8.'
Rev. Dozier Thornton preached the gospel in this county
near 60 years, that is, from 1784 to 1843. His voice, like that of Hope Hull, was loud as a trumpet. He could count the attestations of his ministry by hundreds. Slander never breathed a whisper against his holy name.
Rev. Thomas Maxwell died in this county in 1837, aged 97. He had preached through the -grates of his prison in Virginia, and the scars were on his large nose
through life. The author saw him in 1819 at Tugelo Association.
Rev Wm. Davis preached in this county, but resided in "Wilkes.
Col. Samuel Elbert was a brave soldier during the Revolutionary war ; distinguished at the fatal battle of

64

EMANUEL----FANNIN.

Briar creek. He -was Governor 1785 6. He was a native of South Carolina. His father was a Baptist minister. Died in Savannah, 1788. This county w"as named to honor him.
43. EMAKUEL COUNTY has Burke, Jefferson, and Johnson N., Scriven and Bullock E. & S. E., Tatnall S., Montgomery S. "W., a corner of Laurens and. Johnson N. W., touching 9 counties. The Ogechee separates it from Burke and Scriveu the Ohoopie runs through western part,- It is but sparsely populated.
Swainsborough * is the capital, though a small place, 80 miles S. E. M., 98 N. W. Savannah. Col. Swain, for many years in our Legislature, furnished the name. He was a choice specimen of the hardy back woodsman, a man. of
food strong common sense, but, as of Paul, it would not e said, " much learning hath made thee mad." Canooche and Ohoopie are post-offices, besides the capital; the first is some 10 miles E. and the last 15 S. W.
David JSmo/nuel, a native of Pa., 1744, represented Burke county a number of years in our Legislature; was President of the Senate, and a while acting Governor in 1801. He was a colonel during the war, and taken
Erisoner ; was near death.; but while the others "were shot, e escaped and fled to Twiggs' army. 44. F-AJsnsmsr COUNTY was erected out of Union and Gllmer, in 1856. Both K. C. and Teun. are on the North, Union E., the South point touches Lumpkin and Dawson, Grilmer and Murray West. Toccoa river, a considerable stream, rises in South part and runs North into Tennessee. Mountains are in the S. E. and 1ST. W. portions. Copper mines in N. part. Some ten or twelve post-offices.
Mbrganton, in'S. E. part, is the capital, and of course a small but healthy town.
JPterceviUe is in the North, near the copper mines, a
post village.
*Bonuei- calls this .Paris, Butts, Swainsbortn attached over 30 years ; by Legislature of ' "i3 or '54 it was named

FAYETTE.

65

Col. tf. Tfr. J^annin, after whom this county was named, \vas born in Greeiie, about 1801 ; was educated at "West
Point; was killed in Texas 1836 7, while aiding to achieve her independence : he was taken prisoner and shot: not one of the men escaped to tell the tale.
45. FAYETTS COUNTY has Fulton K., Clayton, and a part of Spaldvng 35., Spakiirtg S., arid Cow eta and Camp bell West. The head streams of the Flint are chiefly in
this county. This county was acquired by treaty of 1821 3 and soon organized. Not a spot in this county where
liquor is retailed ! This fact 'invests the county with great interest: may it continue so 1,000 years.
Fayettevitte is the capital, 107 miles IST. W. M., 21 ~W. McDonougb, 444 S. "W. Carrollton, 22i S. W. Pumpkintown on Chattahoochee, Since the people have patronized
and built up good schools here of a high grade, the town has been growing: no inland town will increase much without the aid of schools, and no people need to wonder
or complain that their place is small, if they fail to nur ture and encourage schools. The last Te deum in the temple of ignorance has been^ung to its idol; the light of science is pouring its beams with such brightness upon the eye-"balls of its worshippers, that they will be com
pelled to see even against their inclination. Not a place to retail liquors in the county! "Whitewater post-office in S. E, Glengrove in the S. W., and Red Oak in the North, are all that are DOW in the county, except at the Court-house.
Mr. Looney has a celebrated Academy here, at the Court-house; lie has written a good arithmetic, and pub lishes a weekly paper.
In memory of the J/argms de Let, fhpette, a native of France, who came to this country in 1777, to help us to
achieve our Independence, was this county named. He was promoted to high military office, was in several bat tles, the confidant of Washington, and received the
tendered sword of Cornwallis when he surrendered at Yorfetown 1781. He went to France, and brought the
glorious news that a French fleet and army would soon

66

FLO YD-

be on our coast to aid us. Between 1784 and 1792 he sustained high offices. His sufferings in the prison at Olmutz, in Austria, and the attempt of two Americans to rescue him, are well known; finally he was released by Bonaparte in 1797, when he settled himself at Lagrange, some 30 miles from. Paris.
When his intention of visiting the United States was known, Congress offered to send a national ship for him; but he declined the invitation of such an escort, and ar rived in New York, 15th August, 1824, and was received with the greatest demonstrations ofjoy by all the people. He visited most of the States, and every where was treated with entire respect and honor. Congress voted him a township of land in Florida and $200,000 in grati tude for his services during the war, for he had not received any compensation. Died May, 1834.
46. FLOYD COUNTY was organized 1832; Chattooga and a part of Gprdon lie N., Cass E., Polk S., Alabama W. Oostenauln and Etow'ah unite their waters near the centre of the county, and form the Ooosa, which passes into Alabama a navigable stream, on which steamers ply between. Kome and the Rapids in the Tallapoosa, Over a dozen post-offices in this county of fertile land.
Fa-re's Valley is situated in this county, 15 miles S. the Court-house, in which is a most wonderful cave. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb is at this place, brought into operation 1848 9, and is sustained by Legislative appropriations. There is much romantic scenery in all this region. Part of Chattooga county was taken from Floyd.
The Hearn School, an academy of high grade, some 8 miles S. W. at Qave Spring^ 17 miles S. W. Court-house, established abdwt twenty years ago. Lott Hearn, of Hearnville, Putnarn Co., bequeathed $12,000 for this purpose, and the fund is well managed. It affords a lib eral salary to a thorough teacher and assistants.
Home is the capital, and is now a large town at the confluence of the two rivers named above. Livvrigslon-t 12 miles, was the first capital Rome became so in 1834.

FORSYTH.

67

"Western Bank is located here. There are several fine build

ings in and around Home, and some excellent hotels. It

has been the terminus of a branch road from the Western

and Atlantic Railroad about a dozen years. The schools

are good. Rev. Mr. Hillyer has a select school for young

ladies. Estimated population 7,000.

*

Rome is 40 miles S. Lafayette, 20 miles W. Cassville.

Courtesy is S- of the Court-house, Hermitage N. E.

The historian of Alabama conjectures that De Soto

visited this county in 1540, and our Legislature named a

place after him in 1853, just opposite Rome, but it has a

name only.

The Presbyterian Female College here is in. high, repu

tation.

General John Floyd, after whom, this county was named,

was born in S. C., 1769- His father haying lost his prop

erty during the war, apprenticed his son to' carpenter,

but by extra work at night he paid persons to instruct

him. In 1794 he came to Georgia, a good mechanic, but

soon became a planter. In 1813 he was selected to com

mand the Georgia troops against the Creek Indians. lie

' marched into the nation, built Fort Mitchell, just below

Columbus, on the west side of the river. Here he left

his main army, and with. 950 troops and a few friendly

Indians under Mclutosh, their chief, he marched to the

Tallassee and Auto pee towns, and burned them, killing

250 Indians, and losing only 11 men. 1 He also routed,

January, 1814, the Indians at Camp Defiance, command

ed and aided by Col. Woodbine, an English officer; the

enemy was charged with the bayonet, leaving many dead

on the field. He was elected to Congress, 1826.

47. FOBSYTH COUNTY" has Dawson on the north,

Chestatee and Chattahoochee on the east, Milton on the

south, and Milton and Cherokee west. About a dozen,

post-offices, and also Ashland E. Court-house on th&

river; Lewistown" N". W., and Concord near the north

line. Parts of both Q-ordon and Milton have been taken

from this county.

Gumming, after Col. Wm. Gumming, of Augusta, a

68

FRANKLIN.

soldier in the war of 1812, is the capital, 24 miles from G-ainesville, 150 N. W. Milled geville. It has not grown up as rapidly as those towns situated, on great thorough
fares. John Forsyth) a native of Va., was born in 1781; a
graduate of Princeton, 1799. For several years he was Attorney1 General of the State, and in 1812 elected to Congress. He was also Senator in 1818, and '29 to '37. Secretary of State under President Van Buren; Minister to Spain 1819. Gov. of the State.
48. FBANKLIN COTJNTT has Habersham N.W., South C. 1ST. E., Hart county E., Madison S., Banks W. This county had over twenty post-offices, before it gave away its territory to form Banks and Hart; now it has a large number. This county began to be settled in 1784. in 1819, the author met on Eastanalle creek near Savannah river, four ministers, each about 80 years old. They were Cleaveland, Callaway, Maxwell, and Thornton.
Carneswlle, after Col. Carnes of Athens, is the capital. It is 108 miles K. M., 30 N. E. Jefferson, 30 N. W. Elberton, 21 N. Danielsville, 37 N". E. Athens, 16 "W. ' Cleaveland ferry on Savannah ; 45 E. N. E. Gainesville; 16 S. Currahee mountain. The first settler was Qeorge Rainer. Daniel Beall built the first house in this place.
From 1816 to 1840 there was much travelling through this town, from, the low country, Athens and. Danielsville, to visit Currahee mountain, Toccoa and Tallul ah Falls. The Springs in the S. E. part of this county are Chalyb eate, and as much impregnated with iron as those in Madi
son : the chief visitants lodged in cabins. Benjamin Franklin, in whose honor this county was
named, was born in 1706, and apprenticed to a tallowchandler and soap-boiler; yet he became the greatest Philosopher of his age, especially in Electricity. He was
Minister to England and France.

"Honor and shame from no condition rise, Act well your part, there all the honor lies"
was exemplified in his life.

FULTON.

69

49. FUI/TOK COUNTY was laid out from Dekalb in 1854. A corner of Cobb separates it from Milton !N"., Delcalb is on the E., Clayton and Faj'ette S.. and Camp bell and Cobb W.
frbyville 1ST. and Oakgrove are post-offices. A factory is near the first-named place. Copper mine in S. W. part.
Jast Point is six miles S. Court-house, where the rail road diverges to "Westpoint.
G-artrell is some three miles N. E.
Atlanta, Lat. 33 64', now a large city of some 12,000 inhabitants, is the capital. This whole country was a wil derness a few years ago: Decatur was the terminus of the Gfeorgia railroad. Now it is the terminus of the Georgia, Macon, "Western, and Westpoint, "Western, Atlantic railroads. In 184S this place was incorpora ted Marthaville changed in '47 to Atlanta.
Real estate in '59 $2,760,000. Goods sold in '58 $3,000,000. Stores about 200. Four machine shops; two sash and blind factories. The Iron Rolling Mill makes 30 tons of rails daily. The City Hall is a splendid building; Medical College ; 2 Baptist; 3 Methodist; 1 Episcopal; 2 Presbyterian ; 1 Protestant; Methodist hous es of worship. Four weekly and daily papers ; 2 month lies. Fulton Bank and 3 Agencies ; Female Institute, besides a large number of schools. The railroad depot, where the ears on four roads receive their passengers, is very large. This is the terminus of the State road to Chattanooga. The Georgia from Augusta; the West-
Eoinfc and Macon and "Western roads. Trout House, Atinta, Washington Hall, and others, are all large hotels. The city was lighted by gas in 1855.
Robert Fulton, after whom this county was named, was a native of Pennsylvania 1765 ; was the first man to ap ply steam to prppel boats. He ran a steamer from ISTew York to Albany and back in 1807; while building it, he was the butt of ridicule ; but his labors were crowned with success. His efforts render him a public benefactor. Died in 1815. His first effort was on the Seine in France, where he propelled a boat in 1803.

70

GILHTEB GKLASCOCK

50. GriLMEB COUNTS has Fannin on N. and B., Dawson
S. E. corner, Pickens S., Gordon and Murray W. Carticary creek and Ellijay river meet centrally,_near the Court-house: these are the head waters of Coosawatta
river. Most of Fannin and part of P. iekens were taken from this county. Amacolola Falls on the E. line of this county and ~W. line of Dawson ; said to be the highest in the State. Eight post-offices.
Mllijay^ named after the chief water course, an Indian word, accented on the last syllable, is the capital. 48
miles Cassville, 40 Dahlonega, 42 from Blairsville, 30 Spring Place,- 22 S. of 3ST. C. line. It is a high, healthy spot, and contains, besides the public buildings, an acad
emy, house of worship, and 50 dwellings. Geo. JR. Gilmer was born in Oglethorpe 1790. He
was an officer in the war of 1812 ; was in our Legislature ;
Member of Congress 21 3; '27 9; '33--5. Governor '29 31 ; '37 39. He was the amiable gentleman, the in structive companion. His residence was Lexington. Pied
Nov., 1859.
61. GLASCOCK COUNTY was laid out from the S. part of Wauren in 1858. "Warren bounds two sides, and
Jefferson and Washington the other. Rocky Comfort creek flows through it. It is a very small county, some 9 miles wide and 18 in length.
Gibson is the capital, and a new place. Gen. Thos. (jrlascock, after whom this county was named, was a young soldier in the Revolutionary war. He was in our Legislature, and Speaker of the House Member
of Congress, '35 36; '37 38. His residence was Au gusta. Died in 18 .
52. GLYJsnsr COUNTY is bounded by Mclntosh, the Ocean, Camden, and Wayne. Numerous islands are in
this county, among which is St. Simon's. Named' in
1777. RrunswicJc is the capital, with a good harbor on Turtle
river, a few miles (134-) from the Bar, 201 rn. S. E. M., 80 S. S, W. Savannah, 11 S. Darien. Though an old place, it has never flourished ; some causes have crippled

GOBDON GtKEElTE.

71

its efforts towards enlargement and prosperity : the rival ry and power of wealth in other places have retarded its growth. Her R. K. which runs out W. some 30 miles will doubtless be the means of future prosperity. It has a Bank, a weekly Paper, houses of worship for Method ists and Baptists. The vicinity is poor pine land and the town is on a salt water Bay_ ; it must be healthy.
TJ. S. Navy-yard is opposite Brunswick. It is said to
be the deepest, and longest, and most secure harbor on
the Southern coast. It will rise up to eminence ; de pression can chain it down no longer. The railroad to
Albany will give it a,n impetus that will push it on to
greatness. Frederica is a p. o. on St. Simon's island. This, with
the old fort, long since gone to decay, was built by Gen. Oglethorpe in 1736, where he spent much of his time.
Bethel is a post-office in S. W. part, near the rise of Turtle river, some 15 miles from Brunswick.
This county was named to honor an English noble man who was a warm friend of the Colonies during the Revolution.
53. GrOBDON" COUNTY was taken from Cass and Floyd in 1.850. Whitefield and Murray N., Grilmer and Pickens E., Cass and Floyd S., Chattanooga, and corners of Floyd and Walker W. Coosawatta and Connesaugee unite centrally in this county to form the Oostenaula.
Calhoun is the county town, situated just south of a high elevation. It is new; the buildings look neat, and give an aspect of beauty to the place. The Baptists and Methodists have houses of worship.
A-damsville is near the eastern side of the county. This county perpetuates the name of Geo. W. Gordon,
of Savannah, a native of Augusta. He was the inde fatigable President of the Centra] Railroad ; arid through his efforts it was pushed on to completion so rapidly. Died in 1842.
54. GrRBENE COUNTY is bounded on the N. by Clark and Oglethorpe, E. by Taliaferro. S. by Hancock, and W. by Putnam and Morgan. Part of this county lies in the fork of the Oconee and Appalachee, and the

72

GREENE.

northern boundary of this part is a line from the mouth of Hose creek, at Poullain's bridge, to Walker's ford, on the Appalachee.
This county was surveyed in 1784, and settlers began to construct their rude cabins the same year. Maj. Por ter and Mr. Willson settled in the northern part. For a number of years the people were compelled, for selfdefence, to live in forts. Gen. Thomas Dawson was the first person born in the county. In this county Peter Early began and ended his political career; and his oones now rest in the fork, one mile below Poullain's bridge. Greene county has furnished five Judges, Early, Longsteet, Cobb, Dawson and Cone, for the Ocmulgee Circuit,
Villages, Public Places. <&c. Scull Shoals. Newhope, Woodville, Penfield.
Greenesboro1, p. t. and cap, Greene county, so called in honor of Gren. N". Greene, is on an elevated spot, be tween Richland and Beaverdam creeks, 40 miles N". Milledgeville, by the road, 29 in a straight direction ; 22 N. E. Etonton ; 18 E, S. E. Madison ; 25 S. S. W. Lexington; 31 W, S. W. Washington. It contains Court-house, Jail, brick Clerk's Office, Eemale Academy, a Metho dist Chapel, Male Academy, new house of worship for the Presbyterians and Baptists, 68 dwelling-houses, 10 stores, 6 law offices, 4 doctors, and manv mechanic shops; 910 inhabitants in 1826; 382 whites, and 528 blacks. This town is 76 miles N. W. Augusta, 19 from. Crawfordville, 23 Powelton, 6 E. of the confluence of the Oconee and Appalachee. New meeting-houses lately built for both Methodists and Presbyterians, with tall steeples.
The lots were sold in 1786. The first Court-house was merely a cabin.
Greenesboro' was once burned by the Indians ; and in '91 it contained about a dozen cabins, built on the rains of the old town. Col. Jonas Faushe erected the first framed, building here, the same in which Mrs. Park now lives, near the Bank. The fort, to defend the town,

GKEENE.

T3

stood, in '94, on the spot long occupied by Mr. Wood ruff as a dwelling and storehouse. A Mr. Furlow went out of it one morning to get roasting-ears, was fired upon, by the Indians, and wounded in the arrn ; but he made safe his retreat into the fort, closely pursued.
Penfield, p. v., 7 miles N~. Greensboro, is the seat of Mercer University, opened as a manual labor school in. 1SS3. It has about 30 families, academy, stores, offices, and the college buildings.
Jesse Mercer's mortal remains were interred in the cemetery in Sept., 1841. Those of B. M. Sanders lie there also.
Woodville is 4 miles E. Pennfield, on the Branch Railroad to Athens.
Union Point is 9 miles E. Court-house, where the Athens Branch diverges.
Cotton Factory at Scull Shoals was built before 1840. Curtwright Factory is at Long Shoals, in S. "W. corner of the county.
White Plains is a pretty village in S. !E. part of the county, with some 15 houses, academy, and meeting houses for Baptists and Methodists, 13 miles from Court house.
Distinguished men. Peter Early, governor of Georgia. His brother, Clementine Early, was a learned and pious inan. Dr. Francis Cummins, Presbyterian minister, was about 80 at his death. Major Oliver Porter was elector of President four times. John Bethune, SurveyorGeneral for several years, now 87, resided some 40 years in this county. Vincent Sanford, aged 82, died in June, 1859, one of the best of men, beloved and respected by all. Colonel W. C. Dawson, Member of Congress, senator, judge, a native of this county, died in 1856. Doctor Lovic Pierce resided here many years, and here his son George F. was born, and here preached his first sermon, 1830. A. B. Longstreet, judge of Ocmulgee circuit, was many years a resident before he became President of the College at Oxford, graduate of Yale College, and one of our most popular writers. T. ~W.
4

74

GWJNNETTE.

Cobb, senator in Congress, and judge of this circuit, a native of Columbia, died here in 1830. Thomas Stocks, still living, was born in a fort near his present residence 1st Feb., 1786 ; now 73 years of age. He was many years President of Georgia Senate; Commissioner to run the line between Georgia and Tennessee, 1818 ; President Georgia Agricultural Society honored and beloved by all. Nathaniel Greene was a native.of Rhode Island in 1740. He was at the battles of Trenton, Prince ton, and Germantown ; was appointed to chief command of our forces in the South. " For seven months he was in the field, without taking off his clothes a single night." "Washington excepted, he scarcely had his equal in the army, for prudence, integrity, and far-sighted policy. County named after him.
Our legislature presented him 24,000 acres of land, to which he removed in 1785,.14 miles above Savannah, called Mulberry Grove. Riding out one hot day in June, 178(>, he was smitten with the heat so intensely that lie died in a day or two. Savannah has erected a monu ment to his memory, which, is held in the highest res pect.
55. GWINNETTTC COUNTY has Milton and Forsyth 1ST., Hall, 1ST. E., Jackson, E., Waiton and Newton, S., Dekalb, West. Yellow river rises in this county and ChaUahoochee forms the T. W, boundary ; some head waters of Oconec are here also. About a dozen postoffices in the county. The country is hilly.
Orrsville is in the N. W-, near Cbattahooehee river. Lawrertceville. is the capital, a town of considerable beauty, for good taste is shown in the public and private buildings. It is 90 miles N. N. W. M., eight from Chattahooch.ee, 30 N. Coving-ton, 30 S. Gainesville. Education has been much inculcated, schools have flourished, From the academy grounds you have a fine view of Rook mountain 16 miles S,W. The Metho dists, Baptists, and Presbyterians, all have houses of worship in or near the town. The spring on E. side of the town flows into Alcovee river, that on the west into Yellow river. Ten post-offices.

HABERSHAM.

75

Button Gwinnette, after whom this county was named, was born in England ; came to Georgia 1772 ; appointed a Representative in Congress, 1776; subscribed the Decla ration of Independence ; Governor 1777; and was killed in a duel in May.
56- HABERSHAM COUNTY has a corner of Towns and Babun on the 1ST., South Carolina on the E., Franklin and Banks S., Hall and White W. Head waters of Chattahoochee rise in this county, called Sooquee. Toccoa creek is in the eastern part, and Tallulah river is the boundary on the N~. B. between this county and Habun. Currahee mountain is in the south part, an object of much interest, much more 40 years ago than now, when a trip to Tennessee or through the Cherokee nation was not very desirable, and the numerous and higher mountains in all those regions were -unknown. Gold was first found in this county about 1829.
Clarkesville is the seat of justice, 133 miles N. M., 23 S. Ciaj'ton, 12 S. Tallulah Falls, 12 Currahee moun tain, 11 N. W. Toccoa Falls, 30 Gaincsvilte, 44 K. K Jefferson, 28 N". W. Carnesville, and 62 N". Athens. This place was begun in 1823, and is as healthy a spot as any in these United States. Judge Clay ton held Court here when there was not as much refinement as now. This is now quite a large town.
Davjson, eight miles S. W. Court-house, iron-works, Currahee mountain, and the Falls are all spots rnucli visited. Beside are some 10 post-offices, with small villages or clusters of houses.
./.2ev. Littleton J\feeks, a poor but pious and energetic laborer in the Lord's vineyard, resided many years in the N". W. part, of this comity. Tie and Thomas Johnson frequently preached the Gospel among the Cherokecs as early as 1816, if not before.
Joscpli PlaheraliLi-ni, a native of Savannah, a colonel in the Revolutionary war, Member of Congress, was the third Postmaster-General of the U. S. His descend ants have sustained high offices, and the family is one of the most respectable in the State, lie died 1815.

76

-HANCOCK.

Few men were more bold and useful during our Revo lutionary struggles.
57. HALL COUNTY has Lumpkin and White 1ST., Habersham and Banks JSV E. and E., Jackson and G-winnette S., Forsyth and Dawson W., from which the Chestatee and Chattahoochee separate it. Argo, Gillsville, Hog Mountain, Oakland, Polkhville, Rancher, Sugar and War Hill post-offices.
'Murraysville is in ' 1ST. W. Chestnut Hill in S. W., Poplar Spring in N. E., are not on the list of postoffices.
Gainesville is the seat of justice 111 miles N. N. W. M,, 22 IS!. W. Jefferson, 40 N. Athens, 30 Lawrenceville, 30 S. Clarkesville, 45 W. Carnesville. Colonel Reed built the first house in this place in 1821. Most of the denominations have houses of worship. Very re spectable schools in this place and vicinity. In going to Clarkesville you pass over most interesting- scenery. The head waters of the Oconee rise within. 200 or SOO yards of the Chattahoochee, and on this ridge you travel. You have a fine view of Yonah mountain, now in White county. Indeed, mountains are in view all <3ay. Many pass the summer in this county at the springs.
Doctor Lyinan Hall, a native of Connecticut, settled in St. John's parish, now Liberty county, 1752. He may be regarded as the prime mover in all this region in exciting the people to resist British oppression. He was elected to Congress 1775, signed the Declaration of Independence, was Governor 1783 4. Died in Burke.
58. HANCOCK COUNTY has Greene and Taliaferro on the N., Warren and a corner of Glascock on the E., Washington on the S., and Baldwin and Putnam on the W. The Ogechee is on the .E. side, and Oconee on the W. Shoulder-bone Creek is in N. AV. part, on which a treaty with the Creeks was held in 1786, to confirm former treaties and secure the punishment of offenders.
Several mounds are in this county. Sparta is the place of public business, 23 N. E. M.,

HAKCOCK.

77

14 S. W. Powelton, 22 W. Warrenton, 28 E. Eatonton, containing' academy, houses of worship, beside Court
house and other public buildings, cotton factory. Some 25 years ago, a school on the ''Rensselaer plan "was started and flourished for some years, but then ? likie
most things among us, it grew into disuetude. About 1831, "a model school " attracted considerable
attention and young ladies from various quarters ; but it had its day and faded away like all flowers.
Sisals of Oyechee is a noted spot both in this coxmty
and Warren, where are some houses and shops, 32 rniles W. M., 13 Sparta, 12 Warrenton, 53 Augusta, 28 Louisville, 17 Powelton, 24 Sandersville, This place
is in S. E. corner of Hancock, and S. W. of Warren. A factory is in Hancock.
Governor Wm. Habun and his father resided and died in this county, and the bones of most of the family
rest some 10 miles N~. E. Court-house. The father of General Coffee was an early settler in
this county, and was a member of Powelton church. So also the father of Richard M. Johnson, Professor
at Athens, who is still living, over 72. He has been
preaching the gospel near 30 years. Dr. Terrell died in Sparta, having given some $20,000 to Franklin College.
Lintori, the site of Washington Institute, opened in
1858, is a good school; over 90 pupils under Rev. OarJos Slovens ; building, briuk, two stories. 75 x 52 feet; some 25 families; two rniles from Long's bridge on Buf falo, one from Line road ; 26 KiddJeville, 16 E. Milledgeville, 12 Sparta.
Powelton is a long village containing some 30 houses,
two academies, houses of worship for Baptists and Methodists, The academies were opened here about 1814, and flourished many years. Salem Town, whose
elementary works are in our schools, taught here in 1822 3 7. Otis Smith, a well-known educator, also gave
instruction here for some years. Here rTesse Jkfercer was
the revered pastor of the Baptist church some thirty years ; he removed to Washington, 1827.

78

HARALSON.

Mount Zion is another educational town, 7 mile N. Sparta. Rev. JN". S. S, Beman began to teach here in 1811, and continued till after 1820. Most of the time since a good school has been kept up in this place. Here the "Missionary," a weekly, was begun in 1819, and afterward removed to Charleston. The "Hancock .Advertiser" "was issued after the other was removed.
Here lives now the patriarch of the place, Joseph Hryan, probably now 90 years old.
Mayfield is a post village of four houses on the Ogechee, mill, &c., 13 miles E. Court-house.
Culv&rton, 5 miles E. Court-house, has a post-office, five houses, and a good school.
John Hancock, of Boston, was one of our most distin guished patriots; President of Mass. Provincial Congress, also of the General Congress at Philadelphia; many years Governor "of his native State, He was the first to affix his name to the Declaration of Independence. When Gen. Gage, soon after the battle of Lexington, offered pardon to the rebels for opposing his Majesty's Government, John Hancock and Samuel Adams were excepted !
^Numerous beautiful minerals are found in Hancock: county. Jaspers of ail colors, white, red, cream, yellow, &c. Cornelian, opal, chalcedony, feld-spar, talc, &c. Dr. "Watkins has a fine cabinet of them, some beautifully polished; worth a visit to the place.
59. HARALSON COUNTY has Polk N"., Pauldiiig and Carroll E., Carroll S., Alabama "W* It was cut out of Carroll and Polk in 1856.
Such-anan is the seat of justice, near head waters of Tallapoosa. Seven or eight post-offices are in this county. It was erected in 1856, and hence everything is new. Newsville, Repose, Burnt Stand, Etna, Talapoosa are post-offices.
Gen. Hugh A. Haralson was a native of Greene, born on the hill half a mile E. of Penfield, where his father resided. He studied the Law ; removed to Troup Member of Congress 1845-50.

HARRIS HART.

79

60. HARRIS COUNTY has Troup and Merriwether on 3S"., Talbot E., Muscogee, S. The Pine and Oak mountains are in this county. Laid out in 1827. Some rich lands in this county.
Hamilton is the county town, just at the termination of Oak mountain, 25 S. S. E. Lagrange ; 23 Isf. Colum bus, and contains houses of worship for Baptists and Methodists; academy-with 75 pupils.
Whiiesville is a pretty village in 1ST. W. partj on 3$". side of Pine mountains, 27 Columbus, 23 Lagrange, 10 S. E. Westpoint. It has an academy and house of worship. This place was begun in 1833 ; some 11 other post-offices. Cochran's cross roads north among the mountains.
- After Charles Harris of Savannah a distinguished Jurist, but so modest as to decline public office, though qualified for any station was this county named. Died in 1827 universally lamented.
61. HART COUNTY was taken from Elbert, Franklin, and Madison, in 1856. These counties and S. C. furnish the boundaries. This county, it is said, was named in respect for Mrs. Nancy Jfart, who formerly resided in Elbert: but the stories related in fancy sketches ought to be taken with some grains of allowance.
Post-offices named are Air Line, Western Part, Bio S., Bowersville S. \V\, Amandasville S., Montevideo S. B. corner, and Eaglegrove, central. Public places are Ford's Store W., and Hendley's N. E., Parker's in K. E. corner.
Hart-well is the seat of justice in tbe fork of Lightwood Log Creek near the centre of the county.
Hart county was so named to perpetuate the memory of Mrs, Nancy JRart, of Elbert, who is said to have been a greater terror to the tories than a dozen men. She actually took prisoners and killed many a British soldier, and tory. The accounts may have been exaggerated, but there is no question that she was an extraordinary woman, of great courage, Amazonian strength, and high temper. Hon. Thomas Hart Benton, the great

80

HEARD HENRY.

Missouri Senator, a relative of her husband, confirms the accounts of this remarkable woman in some degree.
62. HEAB.T> COUNTY has Carrol 1 on the N., Coweta E., Troup S., Alabama W, The Chattahoochee runs through
the eastern part. Laid out in 1830. Franklin^ on the east side of the river, is the seat of
justice. Franklin, had been given as a name to a village opposite Westpoint in Troup, but in 1832, this name was obliterated, and Westpoint covers all the ground on both sides of the river. Franklinville was the capital of Lowndes ; but, like Nineveh, it is now lost. Frank
lin is a healthy spot, though not large. Meeting-houses, for Methodists and Baptists.
Corinth is a pretty village in S. E. corner of Heard, 11 miles S. E. Franklin, 16 Newman, 12 Lagrange.
State Line is a post village in S. W. part, on the Ala
bama line. Enon Grove is N. E. Serrien is 5 m. N. E. of State line. Union Mills are N. Houston is in S, W. cor.
Stephen Heard was an officer during the Revolution.
He was with Clarke in several battles ; was President of the Executive Council \ Governor in 1781 ; resided for some time in Wilkes. One of his sons has been an active member of our Legislature.
63. HENRY COUNTY- has Dekalb N., Newton N. W., separated by South Oemulgee, Butts and Spalding S., Clayton "W. Beside a dozen post-offices, Pittsburgh is a small place on "W- side, Tucker's Cabin N. ~W., Fac
tory 1ST. Court-house. JbfcJJonough is the seat of justice, with houses of wor
ship for Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians; acade my, with dwellings for teachers. 70 miles N. W. M.,
S3 N. N. W. Forayth, 18 N. Griffin, 21 E. Fayetteville, 22 S. Covington. It is a healthy, moral place. For some years " The Jacksoman," a small weekly, by Mr.
Minor, was published in. this place, started in 1827 ; he avers that his paper first nominated Gen. Andrew Jack son for President.
Jkfajor Abner Davis, a pious, intelligent, and benevo
lent gentleman, resided here many years, til] called up

HOUSTON.

81

higher. Edmund Low was another excellent citizen and

church-member. W^Hliam BecJc was their equal in piety

and good -works.

Patrick' Henry, born in Hanover county, Virginia,

1736, was one of our most distinguished patriots ; was-

among the first to excite resistance to the Stamp Act;

one of the five selected to prepare the Declaration of

Independence ; Governor of Virginia. No purer pat

riot ever lived. Died June, 1799.

. 64. HOUSTON COUNTY" has Bibb and Grawford ~N. and

N. W., Twiggs and Pulaski E. and S. E., Dooly S., and

Macon W. Ocmulgee river bounds it on the E; Mossy

and Big Indian creeks are also in this county. South

"Western R. K. runs through the northern part. Lands

are rich.

Perry is the place of public business, situated on Lot

49 of the 10th District, 67 miles W. S. W. Milledge-

ville, 35 S. W. Macon, 23 N. W. Hawkinsville. A Fe

male College of high grade; Houses of worship for

Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists. This is a large

town,

_

Public places are Asbury Academy "W., Minerva,

J3jiz_zard's Roost on Oernulgee, Wilna, and other places.

Fort Valley, on the E. R. 12 miles N. W. Court-house,

is a large village with good academy, and houses of

worship for Methodists and Baptists. Here the R. R.

diverges to the south for Albany, and one continues

westward to Columbus.

Haynesville is a post village some 10 miles S. E., with

a Baptist meeting-house and good school.

Henderson is 12 miles S., with house of worship.

Minerva is 7 miles W., near which is an academy

and Asbury chapel.

Houston, Cotton Factory is N~. E. on Mossy creek. "Well-

borne's Mills K". E., Wilna, Buzzard Boost Ferry, and

other public spots. Echaconnee is 12 miles S. Macon.

John Houston was a patriotic soldier during the Revo

lution ; assembled with the friends of Liberty in Savan

nah in '74 ; Governor 3 78 and '84 ; died '96. His name 4*

82

IB WIN----JACKSON.

would have been on the Declaration of Independence were it not for the strange conduct of Dr. Zubly.
65. IKWIN" COUNTY was once very large, extending from the Ocrnulgee near to the Flint, S. to Thomas and Ijowndes, and E. to Appling. Parts of Worth, Wilcox, Berrien, and Coffee have been deducted from her. The title was acquired 1814, surveyed in 1818. Much poor land in this county. Population sparse.
Irivinville is the seat of justice, 5 miles E. Alapaha river, in a central position. Formerly it was near Ocmulgee river in N. E. part of the county.
.Edenjield is a"post-office in S. E. corner, some 20 miles from. Court-house.
JLoyola is near the west boundary. Spalding is ou the river in N". E. corner.
Jured Irrvin, a native of North Carolina, came to Burke when seven years old ; represented Washington county many years ; was President of the Senate, and Governor 1806 to 1809 ; helped revise the Constitution, 1789 and '98. He was buried in N~. part of Washington county, 1815. His son, Dr. Jared, was in the first grad uating class at Athens. Descendants numerous and re spectable.
65. JACKSON COUNTY is bounded by Hall on the 1ST., Banks arid Madison on the E., Clarke S., Walton and Gwinnette W. Both branches of the Oconee are in this county.
Cotton factory in the W. and woollen in the N. E. Post-offices, 8 or 9. Centre Village 8 miles S. Court house, Jog Factory near the Clarke line, Jug Tavern S. W. corner, are public places. Jefferson is the seat of public business, 87 miles 1ST. ~N. W. Milledgeville, 18 N. W. Athens, 30 S. Gainesville. Laid out in 1806; incorporated 1802. Bascobel S. E., Delay S. W., Harmony Grove N. E., Marcus N. W., Maysville N. E., Mulberry 1ST. W., Pond Fork N., are post-offices. Wool .Factory on North Fork N. E. part, Hurricane Shoals N., Jackson Factory W., are public places.

Edward Adams, Ordinary of this county, was a pious, upright man ; a member of Academy church ; died 25 years ago ; his widow only a few months since. Rev. Thos. Johnson was a most useful minister.
James Jackson was one of our most distinguished citi zens and noble soldiers in the Revolution ; commander of the Georgia Legion. In 1788 he was selected for Governor by the Legislature, but he declined the honor, as he was only 31 3'ears old. In 1789 he was Member of Congress, and was Senator several years.. He ex posed the famous Yazoo speculation, and had the Act of the Legislature burned in Louisville. Governor 1798 ; in 1801 sent back to United States Senate. Died in Washington city, Marcb, 1806. He was very active in building up Franklin College. His brother, Dr. Henry Jackson, was Professor in the College, so was also one of his sons. His descendants are numerous ; one of his sons has been Member of Congress from Savannah. Few men have exerted more influence in the State than Jarnes Jackson.
67. JASPER COUNTY was named Randolph in 1807, but changed in 1812. Newton and Morgan are N. "W". ._ and N. E., Putnarn E., Jones S., Monroe and Butts W. Ocmulgee is the western boundary, and Murder creek, a large stream and tributary of Little river, is in the east ern part. Seven post-offices.
Concord is a public place, near the Ocmulgee, where 5s a .Baptist meeting-house.
Trickem, or Trick him, is a spot 4 miles W. Halfacre^ in Putnam, which latter place is now Stanfordville, and is a considerable village, with a*chool.
Hillsboro' is in the S. part, 9 miles from Monticello}. on the road from Clinton. Small village.
Monticello is the capital, named after Jefferson's resi dence in Virginia. 35 miles "W". N. W. Milledgeville, 27 N. E. Forsyth, 18 W. Eatonton, 25 N~. Clinton, 25 S. Madison, 28 S. Covington, 33 S. E. McDonough. Lots sold in 1808. Baptists, Methodists, and Presby terians have houses of worstfip ; two academies.

84 ,

JBFFBBSON.

William Jasper, after whom this county was named,

was only a sergeant during the War, but was more use

ful than many that wore epaulettes. He was at the

Battle of Fort Moultrie, and when the Flag-staff was

shot off, he jumped over and recovered it. His rescue

of the prisoners at the Spring near Savannah, with.

Newton, is known to all. In 1779 Jasper went up to

put the flag on the Fort at Savannah, and was shot and

fell into the Ditch. Major Horry called to see him,

when he observed: " I have got rny furlough; that

sword was presented me by Governor "liutledge for my

services in defence of Fort Moultrie : give it to my fa

ther, and tell him I have worn it with honor: if he

should weep, tell him his son died with the hope of a

better life." Noble patriot. He was as bold as J ulius

Csesar.

Rev. Cyrus White spent most of his life in western part

of this county. About 1830 he became erratic, and in

part embraced. Arminian sentiments; formed a small

body called Whiteites, but they did not last long. He

removed S. AV\ and died..

Gen. David A.dams resided in S. W. part, and pjobably

died there. He was useful in our Legislature.

$

Gen. Heuben Shorter was many years the reliable phy

sician of Monticello; died in Eufala, Alabama, about

1847.

68. JEPFEBSON* COUNTY has Richmond and Columbia

on the north, Burke east, Emanuel and Johnson south,

"Washington west, Glascock and a corner of Warren

north-west. The Ogechee, Kocky Comfort, and William-

son's Swamp creel*) are the chief streams.

Rev. John Newton, father of Sergeant Newton, the com

panion of Jasper, settled in this countv soon after the

Revolution, near Fenn's Bridge. Died in 1790.

Rev. Jephthah Vining was also a minister in this region

soon after the war, and pastor of Providence church.

Louisville contains the public buildings for the county,

54: miles E. S. E. Milledgeville, 26 E. Sandersville, 25

W, Waynesboro1, 43 Aug%sta, 28 Swainsboro'. From

JEFFERSON.

85

1795 till 1807, this -was the seat of government. Here the famous Yazoo Act (an act which had been passed by . bribery and. corruption, to dispose of millions of acres of land in our western territory, now Mississippi, was car ried through the Legislature in 1795) was burned by a sun-glass, 13th February, 1796. Gov. James Jackson had resigned his seat in the TJ. S. Senate, and was elected to the Legislature from Savannah, to overthrow this stu pendous scheme of iniquity. [See Clayton's Digest, page 680.] The ^ld State House has been converted into a Court-house. Ten thousand dollars were raised by sub scription to clear the Ogechee of obstructions, and boats have descended from Louisville to Savannah, with 200 and SOO bags cotton. This was before railroad times. Central Railroad runa through the south part of this Co.. about 12 miles S. Louisville.
Galphinton, in this county, was the residence of an In dian family. The old place was on the Ogechee, below Louisville; the new one six miles above, on the west side of the river, and is memorable as the spot where a treaty was concluded, in 1784 or '85, by Gen. Twiggs.
Benjamin, Whitaker, for years Speaker of the House of Representatives, resided and died in this county. His descendants are all over the State.
Gen. JSomer V. Milton, son of John Milton, after whom Milton county was named, resided, and died in Louisville. He was a lawyer by profession, and a soldier in the war of 1812, but did not rise to great distinction. Died about 1820, a young man-
Roger L. Gamble, Member of Congress, judge, and ac tive member of our Legislature, died in Jefferson,
Bonny Doon and (ramble are in the north-east corner. Spread Oak and Sylvan Grove north Pine Hill, and Pine View, west of the river, beside 7 or 8 post-offices. Thos. Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Indepen dence, was born in Virginia, 1743; educated at William and Mary's College ; early in Virginia Legislature, and Member of Congress in Philadelphia; Minister to Europe; Secretary of State under Washington, and President U. S. 1800 'to 1808,

86

JOHNSON JO2sTES.

69. JOHNSON" COUNTY has Washington and Jefferson on the north, Emanuel on the east and south-east, Laurens on the south and south-west, and a corner of Wilkinson west. It was cut off chiefly from Ernanuel and Laurens in 1858. Battle-ground post-office on Little Ohoopie, easterii. part.
The site for public buildings is called 'Wrightsville, prob ably after Silas Wright, of JSTew York, governor, and senator in Congress. It is between the two Ohoopies, 20 miles south SandersTillc, 15 south Siddleville, a new and small place.
H. V. Johnson, a native of Burke; educated at Athens; classmate of Gov. Cobb ; -was senator in Congress to fill a vacancy; judge of Ocmulgee Circuit in 1849 ; govern or 1853 7. He is a powerful orator on the stump, and exerts great influence in any deliberative assembly. Mr. Johnson is still a young man, and no doubt has anticipations of future preferment. As a campaign ora tor, it is said, he has no superiors. He sways the multi tudes as with a plastic wand, and moulds their opinions after his own- Candidate for Vice-President, I860, in connection with S. A. DouglaSj for President.
70. JONES COTTNTV" had a few settlers in 1804, though not laid out till 1807. Its soil, the real mulatto land, is very rich in its virgin state, but it is much exhausted by cultivation. Edmund Talbot, a cousin of Hon. Matthew Talbot, governor ex officio after Grov. Rabun's death, be gan to preach in this county in 1809, and continued till about 18*30, when lie removed to Henry county, Alaba ma, where he died in 1853, eighty-six years old.
Henry ffooten preached here many years. John arid Benjamin Milner, brothers, both announced the glad tidings in Jones. Falling creek is in the west. "Walnut creek falls into Ocmulgee just below Macon. Commissioners is in. south east part, on which is a woollen factory. Clinton is the capital, named after Gov. De W-tit Clin ton, a distinguished statesman of New York, and the chief promoter of its great -western canal. In 1836 it

LAU BEN'S.

87

contained 56 dwellings, 10 stores, 5 lawyers, 3 doctors, 8 mechanic shops. 22 miles west Milledgeville, 25 east Forsyth, 28 Marion, 12 Macon, 28 Irwinton, 55 Hart ford, 28 S. S. W. Eatonton. Methodist and Baptist houses of worship, the latter built iri 1886 by the efforts and con tributions, in a great part, of James Locket. It has had good schools ; some seven or eight post-offices.
Blountsville is a post village on the Eatonton road, 10 miles N. E. Court-house, 16^ W. Milledgeville.
Fortville is E. Etheridge also N. E., near Blountsville. Grab-All is in the !N". W. corner. FranquiUa is north. Griswold is a post village, 9 miles E. Macon, on south line of the county, a manufactory for cotton gins, which are made here by the thousand. It is a pretty village, occupied chiefly by Mr. Griswold and his workmen, in the gin-making business. The first depot from Macon on Central Kailroad. Woollen Factory is south-east, near Wallace post-office. This has been one of the most fertile counties in the State; the real chocolate soil. James Jones, of Savannah, known as Ohatham Jemmy because there were several distinguished men namedJones, was born in Chatham county. lie was frequently iu our Legislature, and Member of Congress 1799 1801. Died in Washington city. Col. Troup informed the author in regard to the name, and he was in the Legisla ture when it was affixed to this county. 71. LAUKKNS COUNTY has Wilkinson and Johnson ]SL, corner of Emanuel and part of Montgomery E., the latter S., and Paluski W. The Oconee runs through E. part, Palmetto, Pues and Turkey creeks. Dublin is the seat of justice, half a mile from the Oco nee, 48 miles S. S. E. M. ; 28 S- Irwin, on lot 232, 1st district of old AVilkinson. Dublin was incorporated in 1811. Sumterville was the old capital. Back-eye post-office is in the N". E., near both Cedar Hill and Mount Pleasant. Laurens Hill post-office is 1ST. W. ; Anderson is S. E.

88

LEE.

Geo. M. Troup resided some 30 years in this county, 12 miles below^ Dublin, on the E. side of the river, where he died in. 1858, 78 years old. His farm was named Valdosta.
Gen. David Blackshear was a resident of Laurens from 1807, and died 4th of July 1837. The author lodged at his hospitable dwelling winter of 1820, in N. E. part of the county.
John Laurens, son of Henry Laurens of South Carolina, the second President of the Continental Congress, was born in South Carolina, 1755. He was sent to France to effect a loan for Congress, and succeeded, _and in less than a year was back and fighting for his country, In oppos ing the enemy on Combahee river he was wounded, and died 1782.
72. LEE Gotnsmr is bounded by Sumter on the 1ST., "Worth and a corner of Dooly E., Dougherty S., and Terrell W. The Flint forms the E. boundary, and Kinchafoona and Muchalee run through centrally, and, uniting in the N. part of Dougherty, fall into Flint just above Albany.
Starkville is the seat of justice, near the W. bank of Muchalee creek, named after Gfen. Stark, the hero of the Bennington battle, on lot 241 of 13th district, 25 miles S. Americus, 10 E. Flint, 27 S. W. Drayton, 16 N. Al bany, 46 N. Newton, 60 S. W, Hawkinsville, 45 E. Cuthbert, 90 S. W. Macon, and 120 Milledgeville. The railroad leaves it some 3 miles E. It has 7 post-offices, and is a county of fertile land. Pcd/myra, a village origi nally settled by families from Greene and Taliaferro, is 5 miles above Albany in S. part of Lee, 6 miles Byron, 15 from Pinderton. Academy and Baptist meeting-house. This place has declined since Albany has begun its giant growth; railroad leaves it W. some 4 miles.
Samterville is 12 !N". E. Court-house, with a dozen dwellings and post-office.
Slccde is in 1ST. E. corner. Osceola is on S. "W7., and Adams on railroad. Hook's Ferry is below Cotton Bluff.

LIBERTY.

89

M. H. Lee, a native of Virginia, was opposed to the Stamp Act in the Virginia Legislature in 1765 ; Member
of Congress 1776 and '78. Died 1794. His eloquence gave him great influence in the councils of the nation. He first proposed the Declaration of Independence. This county was named in 1826.
73. LIBERTY COUNTY in shape, is similar to the letter L. The inhabitants were the first in the State to express their detestation of the measures of Parliament to op
press the Colonies; erected into a county in 1777, being known before as St. John's Parish.
Hinesville is the county seat, but a small place.
Riceborp1 is-12 miles S*. B.. and was the capital till 1836. Sloops come up to the town, 2t) miles from St. Catharine's Sound.
Walthourville is near the railroad, a healthy, sandy
spot, containing good schools and houses of worship. Suribury on Midway river, S. E. part of the county, was
once a large town, built in 1758, and was a rival of Sa vannah. It was captured by Gen. Provost, and never re
covered its prosperity ; yet for many years, until lately, it had good schools. Dr. McQuirr taught here several years, aided by Rev. Jas. Shannon.
Dorchester is a new place on North Newport river. Midway meeting-house was erected about 1753 54. Here are buried the Hon. John Elliot, Senator in Con gress Rev. Joseph Osgood, 1st pastor; Rev. Thomas S. Winn, much beloved : died in 1819. Gen. Scriven was killed in this neighborhood in 1778 ; his son, Rev. C. O. Scriven, died in !N"ew York, 1830, whither he had gone to be relieved of a cancer. He was a graduate of Rhode
Island College. An enlightened, liberal, educated people inhabit Lib
erty county. This county, like Fayette, it is believed,
retails no liquor. The love for Liberty, the spirit of the people, long be
fore Independence was declared, induced the Legislature
to confer this name on the county, then, 1777, known as
St. John's Parish. It was resolved by the people to use

90

LINCOLN LOWXDES.

no British articles which Congress should prohibit. Isytnan ffall was a leader.
74. LINCOLN COUNTY, has Elbert 1ST., South Carolina E., Columbia S., and Wilkos "W. Gf-raues* -Mountain is in
S. "W. part near the Wilkes boundary, about 300 feet high; 14 E. Washington, 6 S. W. Court-house. Petersburg, 15 miles 1ST. E., caii be seen from the top.
Lincolnton is the place of public business, 90 miles N. E. Millcdgeville, 40 N. "W. Augusta, 18 E. Washington. Tt is not a large place.
Dark corner is in S. E. part. Col. John Dooly resided in this county, in Revolution
ary times. His son., John M., was many years Judge of the Courts. Thos. W. Murray was a native of this coun ty, -and once Speaker of the iloxise.
74. J3enjatnin Lincoln^ a native of Hingham, Mass., in 1788, was a brave soldier, the second in. command at the battle of Saratoga. He was appointed to command in the
Southern Department; but Grceiie was more successful. He died in 1810 in the same house in. which he was born, having been eminently useful to his country-.
75. LOWNDKS COUNTY is on the Florida line, Berrien on the N., Clinch and l^cholson the K f and Brooks W. Alapaha river bounds half of the eastern side, Witltlacoochee S. W. half, and also runs through K. W.
part. This county was taken from Irwin in 1825. Ocean Pond, 7 miles S. Court-house, is 5 or 6 miles sqaare,
Troupville was the county seat on the west line of the county (since Brooks has been taken from the west), in
the fork of Little and Withlacoochee rivers, which, it would seem, must render it sickly. This town was laid
out in 1886, in order to be on the line of the Brunswick and Chai,ahoochee Railroad ; bat the road, like some other Georgia schemes, is in statu quo, as in '36. The
Court-house is now 4 miles S. E., and located on Savan nah and Grulph road, which will soon reach it with cars, 155 miles from Savannah.
Valdosta is the name of the C. H. site in Lowndes, selected in fall of 1859, on lot 62 in the llth dis-

LUMPKIN.

91

trict, 155 miles from Savannah by railroad, 22 from.

Madison, Florida, whence a railroad is to be constructed,

to "Yaldosta, thus connecting1 the Savannah road with

the Jacksonville road.

-Franklinville was the original capital, near the centre

of the county as it existed in 1825, 140 miles St. Mary's,

36 N. E. Thomasville, and 50 Warosboro.

Post-offices are Grand, Bay and Glyattsville, S. W. cor

ner near Withlaeoochee. Public places are Carter's Bridge

on _A]apaha, N". E. The Springs, 2 miles from Ocean

Pond which is full of fine fish, are visited by many, and

good accommodations are provided. Most of the ponda

in the southern part of the State furnish trout and other

excellent fish.

Win. Ziowndes, a native of Charleston in 1782, first

appeared in S. C. Legislature in 1810, and in 1814 was

sent to Congress. He made a speech on the Missouri

Saestioii in 1820. Died while on his way to Europe in ctober, 1822, in his 41st year.

Mr, L. married a daughter of Gen. Thomas Pirickney ;

had a high sense of the value of religion, and great

respect for true Christians.

76. LTJMPKIN COUNTY- is in the northern part of the

State, and contains the richest gold mines. .A. corner of

Fannin and Union is ]ST. f Whitehall S. E., Dawson S.

and W. The Etow'ah river rises in this county ; Tes-

sentee Falls in S. E. part, near White county.

Dahlonega, an Indian word, signifying yellow money,

is the capital, and is quite a large town, the centre of

\

gold diggings. This metal was first discovered in 1829 in Habersham. By 1832, $525,000 had been dug in this region, and coined at Philadelphia. The mint was

erected here soon after. Within the last 20 years, it is

estimated that some eight -millions have been dug in.

Georgia.

Seven or eight post-offices, besides which are Cavender,

Cooper's Gap, Loudsville, Tessentee Falls, public places.

Willson Lum-pkin, born in Virginia, Jan., 1783, came to Oglethorpe Co. when a child, and was the oldest of eight

92

MACKINTOSH MARION.

brothers, From 1815 to*L831 he was frequently in our Legislature, and in Congress. Some years lie resided in Morgan, and thence removed to Walton ; Gov. 1831 35 ; Senator in Congress." His residence is Athens. For more than 50 years he has been a member of the Bap tist church.
77. MACKINTOSH: COUNTY borders on the ocean, and has several islands attached to it: Sapelo, Guy ton's, General's, etc. Johnston's Station, p. o., is on the Rail road near AHamaba river N". W. part. South Newport is a post village on S. Newport river, E. part. Metho dist chapel is central. Ebenezer is some 5 miles N. Buffalo Swamp. Knon is 12 miles N". Fort liarrington, which is on Altamaha river. Joncsville is .N". FJ.
JDan'en, an incorporated city, settled by Highlanders, and first called New Inverness, is the capital, 12 miles from the ocean, 12 Brunswick, 190 miles W., 62 S. S. "W~. Savannah. It contains two or three houses of wor ship, and once had a Bank, that failed. It does not thrive as its position would scorn to promise. Immense amounts of lumber are shipped here for eastern states, and much cotton used to descend the river; but the Central Railroad has diverted most of the produce to Savannah; the Gulph Railroad, which runs through north part of the county, will divert still more. Cotton brought here in 1827,47,000 bales.
Tko'ijias SpmiLding, who resided in this county, on Sapelo island, born in '74 and died in '51, was one of our most useful and distinguished iviy-n. He was in. our Leg islature, and Member of Congress, 1805 6.
Gen. Laclilan Mclntosh, Major General during the Revolution, resided in this countv ; after him this county received its name. Mrs. Ann Mclntosh, a native of Darien, died at Cedar Point in 1833, aged 100 years.
78. MACON COUNTT has Taylor and Crawford N., Houston ]., Dooly and Sumter S., Schley and Taylor W. Flint river runs through the eastern part, is the boundary 10 miles ; "Whitewater and Buck creeks are in S. W. part. The railroad runs through eastern portion, and crosses

MADISON.

93

Flint river near S. part. This county was created by Legislature in Dec., 1837, out of Marion and Houston.
Lanier, situated in 1st district of old Museogee, lots 97 and 103, is the place of public business. It is on west aide of Flint river, 12 miles Traveller's Rest, 30 from Tajiewell, old capital of Marion, 23 Perry, 27 Knoxville, 50 Talbotton, 30 Americus, and 40 north. Dray ton, old capital of Dooly, selected in 1838.
Hamburg, p. v., is in southern part. Granger-villa p. v., in the w.est. MarshallviUe is a p. v. on railroad, east part. Montezuma is another p- v. on east side of the river, and on the west is Oglethorpe, a considerable town, though in a state of dilapidation. When S. W. Railroad, reached this point, say in 1851, the people im agined it would never extend any further, and they be gan to build a permanent city many of the buildings of brick, large, splendid, beautiful. 'Speculation in lots and dwellings was a profession, and everybody desired to be in Oglcthorpe. as if bewitched by some unaccounta ble hallucination. Soon as the cars moved on to Ameri cus, thence to Albany, the bubble burst, and now they are removing houses, arid they are falling into decay. Cotton in thousands of bags was sold here-
Winchester and Mdrthasville are small villages on Kailroad, cast side of Flint.
Nathaniel Macon, a native of North. Carolina, born 1761; died 1837. He was in Prrncetou College during the Revolution, but left and joined the army. Member Congress 1791, and chosen Speaker in 1801, which post he held 6 years. In 1815 he was Senator, and continued till 1828. No man in Congress possessed as much weight of character; he was patriot, statesman, not a mere politician.
79. MAMSOJV COUNTY was laid out in 1811, from the surrounding counties; Banks a new county, and Frank lin are North, Hart and Elbert East, Oglethorpe and Clarke South, Jackson West. Broad river runs through the Eastern, part, and South Broad is the Southern boundary. Home branches of Ocoiiee are in the Western part.

94

MARION.

Dan-ielsviUe, 87 N. M., 22 E. Jefferson, 16 1ST. 1ST. E. Athens, 21 S. Carnesville, 46 N- W. Washington, 22 3$. Xiexington, 7^- S. W. Madison Springs, is the seat of Justice. Post-offices by United States list are Danielsville, Brooklyn in S. part, Fort Lamar, Madison Springs 3SL, Paoli, Planters' Stand ; Taylorsville in the W. has no post-office.
Charles J. Jerikins, a pious, intelligent man, once Col lector of Port of Pensaeola, resided in N". W". part of this county, father of Colonel J., of Augusta, He removed to Georgia from S. C., and about 1818 to Madison county.
James Sanders, another deacon of the Baptist church, lived 4 miles S. of Danielsville. He lived to a good old age. Both loved to contribute of their substance to ad vance the cause of religion and education.
Gen. Alien JJaniel^ .after whom the town was named, was an intelligent legislator; so was his colleague S. Groves.
James JUadison was born in Orange county, Virginia, 1750, and was graduated at Princeton ; a member of the old Congress, and distinguished himself in the Virginia legislature by a protest against an established religion. With Messrs. Hamilton and Jay, lie was engaged in writ ing for a work called "The Federalist," the design of which was to show the value of the Federal Constitution. Member Congress 1800. In 1801, appointed Secretary of State by Jefferson. In 1809, elected President of the United States, which office he held 8 years. In 1817, he retired to his farm in Orange. Died June, 1837. Mrs. Madison, one of the most superior ladies that have ever done the honors of the Presidential mansion, survived him some 20 years.
80. MARION COUNTY has been handled without gloves: she and Muscogee together reached from Flint to Chattahoochee rivers in 1829 ; portions of Tavlor, Macori and Schley have been torn from her original limits. In 1829, she was bounded by Talbot N, Flint river FJ, Lee and a corner of Randolph S., Muscogee West. Now she has

MEKRrWETHEB.

95

Talbot N", Taylor and Schley East, and a corner of Sumter ; "Webster South. Head waters of Kinchafoonee are in this county, and the Kailroad cuts the N. W. corner.
J3uena Vista, S. and E. of the centre, is the capital, made so in 1847. It is small, but a thriving place, and has good schools, three or four in number ; Baptist meeting-house : about 1,000 inhabitants.
Tazewellj old capital, is 6 miles !N~. E., near E. boundary of the county, and is a small post village,
Pineville is a small post village in S. "W. corner, with a good school.
Moss Hill, near this, has a fine school of 75 pupils.
Fort Perry is in !N~. E. part.
Glenalta post-office is west side, 10 miles W. Court house ; Pea ridge is S. E.
Searsville is on S. line, bordering on Webster county, Francis Marion was born in Charleston, 1732, when the attack was made on Sullivan's Island, 1776, he was a major in Col. Moultrie's regiment, and with Gen. Greene at the Eutah Springs. lie seldom failed to capture the enemy when he went on the errand. No man was more useful to S. C. daring the war; he lived in the woods and swamps, and was ever ready to attaclc his foes. Died in 1795. 81. MEKHIWKTHEB COUNTY has Coweta N"., Spalding, Pike, and Upson 33, Talbot and Harris South, Troup A-Vest. Flint river is the eastern boundary ; White and Ked Oak creeks fall into the Flint, and Flat Shoals run through Troup and Harris into Chattahoochee. Warm sulphur and cold springs are in South part, in the Pine mountains : some 14 post-offices, viz : Erin 1ST. E. Farmer's, Flat Shoals E. on Flint; here is a bridge across the river, several houses, good Academy, Flouring mill, &c. Holly post-office 1ST, Magdalene S. !. near the Springs. Oak BRidge 1ST. W. Rocky Mount, 15 1ST. Court-house. Warm. Spp:rin, S,, Warnerville N". E,, Cedar Rock Academy S. E. '"urt-house.

96

MII/TON.

Greenevitte is the seat of justice, and is quite a large town, with. Methodist and Baptist houses of worship ; 108 miles W. M., 25 N. Talbotton, 12 East Flat Shoals on the Flint. Cotton market, Griffin has been for years ; some now goes to the Railroad in Xroup county.
Gen. David JVIerriwcthw was born in Virginia, 1755, was in the Revolutionary war and fought for his country's rights; settled in Wilkcs 1715; Speaker.of our Legislature several years ; he was a pious Methodist his house was the house of prayer. Died near Athens, 1823. Some of his sons have been in Congress; James was one of the Commissioners at the Indian Springs Treaty.
82. MILTER COUNTY was formed out of Early and Baker in 1856. Those two counties are on the North and East. Decatur on the South and Early "West. The largest stream is Spring creek, which runs centrally through the -county ; sparsely settled.
ColquiU is the site of the public buildings ; small place. No post-offices named in the county. A.ndrw.o *f. Miller was born in Camden County, 1806, and settled himself in Augusta as a lawyer, 1825 ; Presi dent of Georgia Senate; distinguished Jurist and able Chairman ; Judge of the Augusta Circuit 1853. Died in 1856. Some 18 years in our Legislature ; beloved and respected by all. 83. MII/TON COUNTY was laid out in 1857 from Cherokee, Forsyth, and Cot>b. Those counties bound it on the N.,N. W. and S. W. Gwinnette and Dekalb on the S. E. and S. Cbattahoochee river separates it from the last named counties. Post-offices named A.lpharetta, Freemansville N. E. cor., Farmhouse S. E., "Warsaw E., Lebanon S. W., and Social Hill N., are public places. The Capital is Alpharetta, formerly Miltonville, 6 rn. Is". E. HoHwell, 38 E. Marietta; about 250 inhabitants.
Roswell is in this Co., not in Cobb. Col, John Milton was a soldier in the Revolution was
Sec'y of State of Ga. in 1789; he received two votes of the Ga. College of Electors for Vice President of U. S.

MITOI-IELL JHONRO E.

97

His widow resided near "Waynesboro', on her plantation, in 1819. His son, Gen. II. V. Milton, resided in. Louis ville at the same time, ,-uicl had been a soldier in the war of 1812. Both died in a few years.
84. MITCHELL COUNTY was formed out of Baker, in 1857; the 9th, 10th, and llth districts on the East side of Flint, with small portions of 8th and 12th, form the county.
Post-offices are Gum Pond N. "W., Viola, McElvinville S. W., Pry or. JLilc Oak Grove, W. of Court-house, is a noted place. Garnitia is the seat of justice in llth Dist., some 10 to 15 m. S. E. Newton.
David Bi'ady A-filchel-l, of Scotch descent, was Judge of the Eastern Circuit as early as 1798, Solicitor in 96, Governor iu 1809 and in 1815.
85. MONUOE COUKTY has Butts N., Jasper and Jones E., Bibb and Crawford W., Ocmulgec river*is East, Towelaggie through Northern, part, and Tobesofskee and Schacormee in the Southern, falling into Ocrnulgce ; some small streams also flow S. \V. into Flint. This territory was acquired in 1821, and rapidly did the settlers press in to clear lands. This whole region has given much at tention to education,, Towelaggie Ealls are in this Co. 12 rn. JST. Court-house.
Forsyth, 50 m. W. M., 27 S. W. Monticello, 25 N. 1ST. W. Macon, 27 N. E. Zebulon, 20 S. Jackson, 27 S. E. Griffin, is the Capital: laid out in 1823. Baptists, Meth odists, and Presbyterians have houses of worship, though the latter is going to decay, and the members few.
Monroe Female University is located in this place, a school of high order. It was opened in 1850, and in 1854 the present energetic President entered upon his duties. A good library and apparatus and cabinet of minerals are connected with the Institution. The build ing for the " Botanical College,'' large and commodious, has been purchased, and some 125 young ladies gener ally in attendance, ten teachers, and about 30 graduates ; domestic education is taught, viz., to cook, sew, cut gar
ments, &c.

98

MONTGOMERY.

* Milliard Institute, half a mile west of the town, was open
ed in 1858, and is in a flourishing condition; over 80 young men and boys. The county is full of schools; in 1829 three Academies, Forsyth, Cicero and Rock Spring, were reported.
Culloden is a post village in S. W. cor. of Monroe, 16 m.- S. E. Thomaston, 16 S. W. Forsyth, 13 Knoxville, 32 "W. Macon. It has ever been famous for good schools. Central Female Institute is located here, and another es tablished by Protestant -Methodists. Meeting-houses for
Methoctists and "Protestant Methodises; M he town con tains some 80 to 40 dwellings, and is located in a beauti
ful, level country. A Baptist church was organized
here in 1858.
Montpelier Springs, 17 m. AV. Macon on the Thomaston road, was for some years a fashionable watering-place. It was purchased by the Episcopalians, and a good High
School, under Bishop Elliot, was conducted for some 10 years; but it has declined, and the property sold very cheap, to Rev. C. B.Martin, who opened a school, 1859. Some 9 post-offices and public places were here in 1829,
Tiz : GulletsvilJe, Pittsburgh, Paran, High Shoals, Willson's Bridge : others are now on It. R.
James Monroe, the 5th President of the U. S., was born
in "Va.j the mother of Presidents, 1758 ; educated at Wm. and Mary's ; was in the Revolution at Trenton and other battles. He was Sec'y of State under Madison, Presi dent 1817 to 1825; died 4th July, 1881, aged 72.
86. MONTGOMERY COUNTY has Laurens on the 1ST.,
Emanuel E., Tatnall S. E. Appling and a corner of Cof fee S., Telfair W. The Oconee cuts it in twain, and Lit tle Ocmulgee forms most of the Western boundary.
Bo&ville S. parr, Little York on Alligator creek W., Sterling S. E. Hot House arid Seward are post-offices. Colquitt is near the Altamaha, S. W. cor.
Mount Vernon is the place of public business, 85 m.
S. S. E. M., 100 W. N. W. Savannah, 100 N. Darien, 35 IT. W. Tatnall -Court-house; a small place, though over half a century old.

MOBGAN.

99

Rev. Wilson Conner resided many years in this Co. ; was 18 years Justice of the Inferior Court, and member of the Legislature. The last years of his ministry were signtilly blessed: he died in the pulpit, in Tel fair Co., in . 1844, 76 years old. * Gen. Richard Montgomery', a native of Ireland, fought with Wolf at Quebec. He was commander of the North ern Department of our army in the Revolution which captured Chamblee, St. John's, and Montreal, but he was killed in the attack on Quebec, 39th }'ear of his nge.
87. MORGAN" COUNTY was laid out from North part of Baldwin, in 1807 ; a county of rich land, and has pro duced the most bountiful crops. The Appalachee, which forms the entire eastern boundary, and Little River in S.W. part, are the principal streamsj Indian and IJardlabor creeks. A good merchant mill, 4 miles N. E. Court-house, was on this creek as early as 1830, owned by Mr. Boon.
Ebenezer in the S.W., near Little River, Double Shoals on Appalachee N. E., are the sites of post-offices, except those on Railroad.

Till

Meeting-house, and old factory, are public places.

Madison is the seat of justice, 43 miles N. N. "W. M., 1'

22 N. Eatonton,27 S. S. W. Athen*, 18 W. Greenesboro,

102 miles by Railroad, Augusta. It contains houses of

worship for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists;

the latter was built in 1833 ; the Methodists had long

been in existence, and Presbyterians worshipped in the

Male Academy, taught many years ago by Mr. Alden.

Georgia Female and Madison Female Colleges are in

this place, good institutions; the former has been in

operation near twenty years chartered in 1849. The

Ga. Railroad ran its cars to this place about 1839, which

was the terminus some years; -~3rit.

this gave it great enlarge-

Colonel Bedney Franklin, Solicitor of Ocrnulgee Cir-

100

MUKRAY-.

ciiit, Lazarus Battle, and Reuben Mann, were among the early settlers. Grovernor Wilson Lurapkin resided several
years 4 miles W. Court-house. Dr. John Wingfield, whose goodness and pleasant smile, enough, to make a crowd feel cheerful, will never be forgotten.
Rev. John B. Dawson resided over a quarter of a cen*"'
tury, and was ordained, in this county. Judge Isaac Walker, and his father John, died in this
county, long residents.
Gen. Daniel Morgan entered the army with Braddock
in 1755; was at Quebec, and when Montgomery was killed, the brunt of tbe battle fell upon him, and be was
taken prisoner. He fought bravely at Saratoga; was with Gates at Camden, and Grreene in the Southern De partment defeated Tarlton at the Cow pens, and spread terror among the British and tories. He led a rifle
corps that performed deadly work among the enemy. Born in New Jersey ; died July, 1802.
88. MURRAY COUNTY has been diminished nearly
half, by the formation of Whitefield out of its western side. Tennessee is N., Fannin and Gilmer JE., Gordon
S., and Whitefield W. The Connesauga is the western boundary, and Coosawattee part of the southern. Holly and Mill creeks are in the county.
Spring Place^ .a missionary station as early as 1801, * within" 4 miles of Connesauga river, western part of the
county, is the capital, and has been for a good many
years; 194 N. W. of M., 30 W. Ellijay. Oohutia Springs are 12 miles N. Court-house, and has
a post-office, Coosawattee in S. E., Fancy Hill, Holly
Creek S. W., Woodlawn N. W., are also post-offices. Iron-works N. 35. corner; Factory N". W. ; Pleasant Val
ley 7 mile N. Court-house, Kock Spring S,E. are public places.
Thos. W. Murray was frequently in our legislature
from Lincoln, and a while Speaker of the House. He died -while a candidate for Congress, in 1833. Born in Lincoln, 1790. He was a pious man, and member of a
Baptist Church, faithful and prompt in the discharge of duty.

MUSCOGEE.

101

89. MUSCOGEE COTJNTY has Harris N., Marion and a corner of Talbot E., Chattahoochee S., and Alabama "W. ; 5 post-offices ; Wynnton, a kind of suburban village, is on the Bluff, IA miles N. E. the Court-house; several families with large lots reside here.
Columbus, post town and capital, Muscogee county, and named after Christopher Columbus, is situated at the foot of the falls* on the east bank of the Chatahoochee river, 300 miles above its confluence with the Flint. The river just below the falls is only 354 feet wide, but soon widens to 250 yards.
The town, elevated 60 feet above the ordinary height of the river, covers 1,200 acres. Two of the streets, running parallel with the river, and directly 1ST. and S., are 165 feet wide, and six others 132 ; those intersecting these at right angles, twelve in number, are 99 feet in width. The Commissioners laid off 614 half-acre lots, (beside 10-acre and 100-acre lots in reserve,) and began to sell on the 10th July, 1828, and they "brought, each, from 100 to 1,859 dollars ! At that time there were 800 or 900 persons on the ground, some living in temporary cabins, and others in good two-story buildings, which they afterwards' removed to the lots as they purchased. In December, Columbus contained about 100 framed buildings, most of which were finished and neatly paint ed, beside two good brick buildings under -way.
The water of the river is clear and good ; and as there is an ascent of 111 feet in four miles up the stream, facili ties will be afforded to conduct it to any part of the town by aqueducts, giving thereby freshness to the air and pleasure to the sight, by/<?fe d'eau.
There is an easy and safe steamboat communication between this town and the Gulf of Mexico ; and boats are. plying between it and New Orleans. The distance to the confluence "with the Flint is 300 miles ; to the Appalachicola Bay 430. The Steubenville, 133 feet in

* The Indians called the falls We-tump-kah , signifying, in their lan guage, troubled waters.

102
length, 117 in the keel, carrying 1,100 barrels and draw ing 5 feet water, it is said, can navigate the river at any season. Passages to the bay are made in 52 to 86 hours.
Columbus is 128 miles W". S.W. MiHedgeville, and 11 above Ft. Mi.tch.ell. The best road for carriages, when the season is dry, is via Clinton and Forsyth.
Columbus contains the usual public buildings Court house, Jail, and houses of worship for Methodists, Bap tists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Catholics; arid academies. A fine bridge connects the town with a small one on the Alabama side, called Oirard. In 1830, population was 1,152; in November, 1835, 3,624; in 1837, estimated at 5,000; 1859, 10,000. One of the most beautiful towns in the State.
Columbus contains three cotton factories, another three miles north, a paper factory, two founderies, marble works, four flouring and corn mills, furniture or variety works, &c. Meeting-houses for Methodists, Presby terians, Episcopalians, Catholics, and Baptists, besides three for colored persons. Sales of cotton from 100 to 150,000 bags. One bank and five agencies.
Miiscogee County received its name to perpetuate the eneric tribes of Indians which formerly inhabited
in the Indian Territory. They nave several native preachers. The son and other descendants of Gen. Wm. Mclntosh proclaim the gospel. Many have been gath ered into the churches.
90. NEWTOIT COUNTY hasWalton and Gwinnette north, Morgan and Jasper south-east and south, Butts and Hen ry south and south-west, Dekalb north-west. The In dian title was extinguished in 1817. Streams are Alcovee, Yellow, and South Ocmulgee rivers. Some twelve post-offices.
Covington, p. t. and cap., Newton county, named after General Covington, an officer in our late war, is situated on a ridge of land 3^ miles east of the Yellow river, 3 west of the Alcovee, and about 15 above the confluence

OGLETHORPE.

103

of those, rivers ; 67 1ST. W. Milledgeviile ; 20 S. Law-
renceville; 24 K. W. Madison; 28 E. Decatur ; 18 S. W. Monroe, crossing the Alcovee at WhiHey's, 13 miles from town, but 22 via Quart's Bridge, 3 miles from Covington. This latter way is the best road for carriages.
It contains 52 houses, court-house, jail, academy, 15 stores, besides offices and shops, meeting-houses for Bap
tists and Methodists. The road is good to Lawrenceville and to Madison.
Covingfcon has increased rapidly in size, and greatly in tasteful appearance. It has now 150 families, and a popu
lation of about 1300. The Protestant Methodists have
erected a house of worship. A bookstore, with a good assortment of books aftid stationery, is established here. 6 lawyers, 3 doctors, and 50 mechanics. Distances 36 Eatonton, 25 Jackson, Social Circle 12, Newborn 12.
The Georgia Conference Manual Labor School was lo cated near this place, and Emory College is two miles north; besides several houses of worship and* large
female college. This place has vastly improved since
183T. Three or four factories in this county and 20 mills. Emory College is some 2i- miles north, at Oxford.
Masonic Female College is in town of Covington, and has many pupils.
Solomon Graves and Joel Colly were among the early settlers. The first was several times chosen elector of President; the other was a Baptist minister, but of slen der advantages in early life.
-Palmyra Academy, Newborn post-office, south-east part
of the county, has been seven years under the charge of Mr. Cheeney. Over 100 girls and boys, with 5 teachers.
Several young men have been fitted for junior class in college.
John Newton was a companion of Jasper, during the Revolution, and aided him to rescue the prisoners at the
Spring near Savannah. In the capitulation of Charles
ton, 1780, Sergent was among the prisoners, and died of
the small-pox.

104

OGLETHORPE.

He was born in Ckarleston, in January, 1755. Soon

after the war, his father, Rev.. John Newton, who had

preached to the Baptist Church in Charleston, removed

to Georgia, and resided near Femrs Bridge, on the Oge-

chee, in the neighborhood of Providence Church.

. _9J-. O&ijETHOBPE COUNTY has Madison north, Elbert

north-east, Wilkes east, Taliaferro south-east, Greene

south, and Clarke west. The title to this territory was

extinguished by treaty with the Greeks and Cherokees in

1783.

Levcington is the seat of justice, 64 miles !N. !N. E. Mil-

ledgeville, 25 N. Greensboro', 76 N. W. Augusta, 25 W.

Washington, 16 S. E. Athens, 22 S. Danielsville, and 26

S. Elberton. Two academies, houses of worship for

Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians. The Meson

Academy is endowed with $13,000 by Francis Meson

opened about 1806.

Gov. Mathews, Gov. Gilmer, Win. H. Crawford, Ste

phen Upsori, Daniel Dupree, Rev. Miller Bledsoe, a

Revolutionary soldier, are buried in this county.

Judge T. W. Cobb resided here many years. George,

Joseph H., and John IT. Lumpkin, their nephew, Mem

ber of Congress and judge in Cherokee, .were born

in this county, f 'Gov. Mathews, who resided in north- '

east part, near the Goose Ponds, was a soldier of the

Revolution; a very singular man, rather apt to be esc-,

cited.

.. .... - - - ..-- ----

Bairdstown is a small post village in south part of the county, on the railroad. Crawford is 3 miles west Court house ; Maxey's is south ; Millstone is in north-east, near Broad river; Philomath is south-east, near Woodstock ;
Point Peter is north. State Rights is a small place south-east, and Bowling Green is eight miles south Court house. Stephens is another place. The branch railroad
to Athens leaves Lexington 3^ miles east. Ogleihorpe was the name of Georgia's first governor in
1733. For some thirty years he managed the affairs of
the colony with great prudence and foresight. When

~ PAULDING----PICKENS.

105

the Revolutionary War broke out, he was residing in England, his native laud, and. offered the command of the army, but he refused.
92. PATJLDING COUNTY was organized in 1832, but has been lessened by the portion that forms Polk.
Headwaters of Tallapoosa that run south.-west into Alabama, and Pumpkin Vine creek that runs north, into Etow'ah, are in this county. Cass is north, Gobb east, Campbell and Carroll south, Haralson and Polk west.
Dallas is the capital, centrally located. '^Vanwert, the old capital, is in Polk, some seventeen miles west of the new. faulding and Vanwert and Wil/mms-were the captors of Major Andre, a British, spy, October, 1780, who had had correspondence with Ar nold, and had arranged to deliver up West Point to the English. He tried to bribe them, but, though poor, they were proof against his gold. The two names ought to be in the same county. There'are gold mines in this county-; some eight postoffices ; and ISTew Babylon in south-west. Such, fidelity as John fta,ulding's should be rewarded and held up to public admiration, that it may find imita tors. The Georgia Legislature has sanctioned the doings of Congress in regard to Paulding, by naming a county after him. That medal voted him by Congress and pre sented by Washington, inscribed " vine-it amor patrice" was enough to swell any patriotic heart with joy. New York City erected a monument to his memory. He was bora in New York 1759; died 1818. 33. PICKBNS COUNTY was formed out of Q-ilmer and Cherokee, in 1856. Gilmer is K., Gilmer and Dawson K, Cherokee S., Gordon W. Talking Bock creek falls into Coosawatta river near the old Indian town ; Moun tain creek runs S. into Etow'ah river. Several marble quarries ; Statuary marble in S. E. part.
Jasper is the seat of justice, centrally situated, but all
is yet new. Seven post-offices. Then New Libertv in W., Ber5*

106

PIERCE----PIKE,

rien in S. W,, Harnageville, an old Indian stand, S. E., near marble works, are public places.
The JPtckeris family, in South Carolina, has been illus trious many years: it was known in many Ptevolutionary battles In that State, and in Georgia, and in the Councils of the nation in later times. Gen. Andrew Pickens was at Kettle Creek battle in 'Wilkes, and at the siege of Augusta. He was a laborious .soldier and self-denying patriot.
94. PIERCE COUNTY was taken from Appling and "Ware, in. 1857. Appling is N., parts of "Wayne and Chariton E., Charlton S., Ware and a corner of Appling W. Head streams of St. Ilia run through it and bound a portion on the 1ST. E. and also S. "W".
Black-shear, after Gen. David Blackshear, of Laurens county, a soldier and legislator, is the seat of justice, situated on the middle branch of St. Ilia, called Hurricane creek. Mew place. "
Zero is a post-office, near Initial Point, Strickland post-office is in 1ST. W., and Grey's in S. central, 9th District.
R. R. from Savannah runs through this county. Gen. Frankin Pierce, an officer in the late Mexican war, 12th President of the United States, was born in !N"ew Hampshire, 1801 ; inaugurated March, 1858 ; Member of Congress from New Hampshire. 95. PIKE COUNTY has Spalding N., Monroe E., Tipson S., Merriwether "W. Portions of the Pine mountains are in this county, and form the boundary between it arid Upson on the S. Spurs are visible near Barnesvill-e, which become a continuous range to Flint river, which flows through them, when they rise again form ing the boundary between Merriwether and Talbot, and bending S. W. in Harris, reach Chattahoochee river be tween Mountain and Mulberry creeks. Plainly seen from Griffin, some 15 miles S. and S. W. Flint river is W., and Elkins and Potatoe creeks are in this county. Zebulon is the capital, 12 miles S, Griffin, 77 W. Milledgevllle, 27 S. Fayetteville, 17 N. W. Thomaston, 30

POLK.

107

"W. Indian Springs, 25 Forsyth. Since the R. R. brings every thing to their doors at Griffin and BarnesviHe, Zebulon, oat of the way, is rather on the decline.
Barnesville, post village, is in S. E. corner of the county, where a R. R. diverges, 18 miles S. E. Griffin, from the Macon and Western, and runs to Thomaston, some 18 miles. It has an academy, two houses of wor ship, hotels, shops, stores, and some 50 dwellings.
Lib Sill is another post village in N. E. part, 12 miles 1ST. Barnesville.
AKlner is on the R. R., 6 miles from Barnesville, a post-office and 5 or 6 houses, with a steam mill, nearly central between Macon and Atlanta.
Harmony is 4 miles W. Miluer. Van .Buren is in N. E. corner 20 houses and 2 schools ; 14 Forsyth, 12 Griffin. WilUamsville is in the S. W., and Hollands N. W. Zebulon Montgomery Pike spent some years in explor ing the country west of the Mississippi, by direction of the Government. He was a most strict disciplinarian, yet the idol of his troops. He was killed by an explosion of a mine of powder at Little "York, Canada, 27th April, 1813. Born in New Jersey, 1779. Congress order a large frigate built soon after his death, to be called " General Pike," as a token of respect. County named 1822. 96. POI/KI COUNTY was taken chiefly from Paulding in 1851. Floyd and a corner of Cass N., Pauling E,, Harralson S., Alabama "W. Euharlee creek runs N. E. into Etow'ah and Cedar, N. W. into Coosa river. JDug (JDpwii mountain in S. part. Cedar Town, in Cedar "Valley, and near Cedar Creek, is the county town, 10 miles from Cave Spring, 24 Dal las, and 20 from Rome. New, and not a large place. Post-offices are, Punkin Pile, 10 miles S. Court-house, - and Vanwert, in the N. E. Mineral springs are in S. W., Esom Hill W. Camp Ground 8 miles W. Court-house, Mount "Ver-
uon academy N. In Cedar Valley is a good Female school.

108

P ULASKI FUTJST AM.

Slate Quarry is near Vanwert, the old capital of Paulding. This slate is of an excellent quality and easily obtained, and can be furnished on the R. Ks. for about $10 per square , i. e., enough to cover 100 square feet.
Yellow Stone -was a post-office, but not on the last United States list.
James K. Polk, 10th President of the United States ; a native of North Carolina, 1795 ; died 15th of June, 1849, in Tennessee, where he had spent-most of his life. He was Member of Congress _and Speaker during Jack son's administration ; a most excellent chairman, with a fine, sonorous voice. He conducted the Mexican war, j the commencement of which was somewhat unusual...,--"^
97. PULASKI COUNTY is bounded N. by Twiggs and Houston, E. by Laurens, S. by Telfair, S. W. by Wilcos, and W. by Dooly and a corner of Houston. The Ocmulgee runs through the W, part, Gum Swamp creek through the E., and falJs into Little Ocmulgee.
Ha-wkinsville, on the W. side of the river, is the capi tal, and is quite a flourishing place. 62 miles S. S. W. Milledgeville, 44 N. W. Jacksonville.
ffartford was the place of public business till 18S6. Perhaps it is not so healthy.
Sea shells in abundance are found on the banks of the river.
Laiuson is a post-office, in S. W. part ; Longstreet in N. "W., a long village of several houses with Baptist meet ing-house, also Cross creek post-office S. W. Public pla ces are Walker's in the N., Gum Swamp N". E.
Count 'Ptiiasfai, a Brigadier General in our Revolution ary army, was a Polander of distinguished birth, courage, and patriotism. He failed in his efforts to restore his own country to freedom. MortaJly wounded in the at tack on Savannah, 1779. Savannah has erected a monu ment to his memory.
98. PUTJSTAM COLTNTY has Morgan on the 1ST., Greene and Hancock on the E., Baldwin and Jones on the S. and Jasper on the W.

109
This county was erected from Baldwin in 1807. The first Superior Court was held at Hillsboro', by Judge Early, in February, 1808; and the next session in T5atonton, in August, in the building lately occupied by Mr. Rand all, as a storehouse. The first election was held in January, 1808, and 540 votes given for county officers. Eatonton is the capital.
Public Places, Hillsboro', Half Acre, Cross Roads. ''----^Et&tQntQnj,.-, Post-town and capital, Putnani county,
named after General Eaton, for some years consul in the Barbary States, is situated 21 miles N. K. "W. Milledgeville; 22 miles S. W. Greensboro; 22 S. S. E. Madison ; 18 E. Monticello; 28 N. N. E. Clinton; 28 N. W. Spar ta, and contains Court-house, which cost 6,000 dollars; Jail; two Academies; brick Masonic Hall; a branch of the State Bank, and one of the finest houses of worship in the up-country. In this, wliich cost $6,000, the Bap tists and Presbyterians worship. To the meeting-house is attached a fine toned bell, weighing three hundred .__ ppujndg., _ A good bell, is a great convenience in a vil lage. The Academies and meeting-house aresituated in a most beautiful grove. With the Academies is con nected .a Library, which cost 600 dollars, and which has since been enlarged, and a Philosophical Apparatus pur chased in London, for $2,500.
The citizens have evinced considerable taste in their public "buildings, and much public spirit in erecting them. The fence around the grove needs repairing. Population in November, 1828, 726; 379 whites, and 347 blacks. The number of houses is 69 ; doctors 6, law}'ers 7, shops, etc. 35 ; four-wheel carriages 13.
A-rnong the "venerable dead"in the cemetery near the meeting-house, lie the remains of Stephen W. Harris, for a number of years Judge of our Superior Court.
The lots for this town were sold on the 14th April, 1808. The drst/ramec/ building was erected during this year, by Wm. Williams, and is now occupied by Mr. Holt, as a shoe store.
Eatonton hasgroWr/ somefine buildings erected since

110

PUTKAM.

1837. The Methodists built a new meeting-house In 1857. The male Academy is on the S. IC^ border of the Town, instead of being in the Grove near the Female
School. Here Jesse Marce)' preached many years, till 1827. Distinguished men have resided in this county.
Judges S'. W. Harris, Shorter, andMerriwetber, W.W. Ma son, Chancellor of Alabama, Charles P. Gordon, a Legis
lator and pious man : died 1836. Thomas Cooper, father of Colonel Mark A, Cooper, of Cass, W-m. 1?tourney, both intelligent and benevolent rnen. Rev. John Callings worth.
a Methodist preacher, resided and died in this county, a man of prayer and faithfulness. Docl, Henry 13rank,am, one of the earliest physicians, lived to a good old age.
The O-'reat ReoiooX of 1827 began in Eaton ton, during which over 20,000 persons were hopefully converted.
The first convention on the subject of railroads was h.e!d. in Eaton ton, September, 1831, attended by some 80
delegates from over 30 counties. Liberty, Chatham, Richmond, Talbot, CampbeH, etc., were represented. This meeting was called by C. P. Gordon and W. W.
Mason, and others. It was resolved that at the ensuing Legislature, a charter be asked for a railroad from Au gusta to this place, which was granted; but altered to go to Athens and Madison at the next session.
Turn-wold Academy is 10 miles 1ST. _E. Arrarat W. Enon, Harmony near Glades >^ Roads,
Tirzah 7 miles W,, Fail-field S. E., Salem S. WHearnuille is a post-office, and few houses in 1ST. W.
corner of the county. .Roclcville is 9 miles E, of the Court-house. There are
other public spots besides the other post-offices. The Factory on. Little river, S miles W. of the Court
house, is a public spot, where a house of worship has been built for the laborers.
Camp Ground, 7 miles S. KRev. Alonzo Church, now President of Franklin Col
lege, taught the Academy in Katoriton several years,
and was called hence to be a Professor in the College. As a teacher he sustained a high reputation.

QUZTMAN.

Ill

Rev. Carlisle .Beman has also taught in this place. Isra&l Pu.tit.am.' was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1718; was Commander at the battle of Bunker's Hill, 17th June, 1775, General W~arren, the Urst distinguish ed martyr to Liberty, was killed in this battle. Died in Connecticut, 1790. In his last years he was a religious man, and his house was the house of prayer. General Putnam was the oldest Major-General in the army for several years prior to his death. 90. QUTTMAK Coinsrry was cut out of Randolph, and Stewart, in 1858. Stewart is N., Randolph E.. Clay and corner of Randolph S., Chattahoch.ee river W. The railroad, which diverges from " South "Western," on S. "boundary of Sumtcr, at SmithsvilLe, terminates in this county just S. of Georgetown, opposite Euf'aula in Ala bama. Patauhi, a large creek, runs through, the S. E. part, on which are falls that would turn any kind of machinery. "x" Greorgctoton is the seat of justice, 27 miles S. W. of Lumpkin, near Chattahochee river. It will soon grow into notice and enlargement, and probably extend its limits S. to the railroad depot. The cars reached this spot in Juno, 1860.
Blciden Creek post-office X. E. corner, Pataula is a public place 9 ruiles S. E. of the Court
house. Gen. Quit/nan was Member of Congress from Mississip
pi, and an officer iri the late Mexican war; died 1859. 100. RABTTN COUNTY forms the N". E. corner of the
State. North Carolina is on the N., South Carolina E., Habersham, separated by TaUulah river is S., and Towns county TV. Nature has provided the Blue Ridge for its Western boundary. County was organized in 1821 or
1822.
C Cla
North Carolina. Laid out in 1821.

* Why docs not enterprise lay hold of this spot, now called Lowcll. and make it what its namesake in N. E. is ? It is bcguu.

112

HABU.N.

Like Clarksville this is a high raid healthy spot; and it would be a kind, of generous charity, to leave with the tavern-keepers in those two places, some of the loose change which is bestowed so freely on our northern
haunts of pleasure: provided, nevcrt/i.dess, that they will make their houses of entertainment as comfortable and.
desirable as have their neighbors at .Athens, and. at Pendleton and Greenville, in our sister Slate. "What is the
state of the public houses at Uiaytou and Clarksvillc, I know not. There is at least one good one at Gainesville; but there JR so little attention paid to them in some places,
that I wiil leave one remark for those who conduct them :
sheeting ia easily made, and. chickens easily raised.: give a genteel traveller a clean bed, a broiled chicken, and a
cup of coffee, (not stained, water,) and he will not corn-
plain : no, he will forego the gratification of his appetite for the luxuries and sweet things of Savannah and Augnsta, and remain the summer with you, to inhale your
mountain air, and drink your pure water ; but give him a dirty bed, sheets that any one else has lain in, without washing, and he is gone! Let the tavern-keepers of
these two places repair the road to Athens, prepare com fortable accommodations (if they have not a]readv) for
genteel company, and they need not tear but that in a Jew
summers, as many visitants will flock to them as do now to Pendleton and Greenville.
Clay to 11 is the most northerly town in the State, except Hiwassoe in Tow us, being not more than, ten miles S. of the 85 .
Wm. Raburt^ a native of Halifax, North Carolina,
in 1771, was many years President of the Senate; Gov ernor, ex ojjicio and elected Governor in 1817. He was
a member and chorister of Powelton church many years,
and a truly religious man ; giving aid. to all the licncvclent institutions of the age. Like some small men, he was not bloated by of lice. In a correspondence, when he was
Governor, with Gen. Jackson, he exhibited great strength
of intellect. Died while Governor, at his plantation, Oct., 1819. Dr.

UAN'DOLPH RICHMOND.

118

Mercer, at the request of the Legislature, preached his fun eral sermon.
101. RANDOLPH. COUNTY baa Stew-art nnd \Vebpter 10"., Terrcll _K., Galliouii and Clay S., and Clay and Qmtmau W. In 1829, KandoipJi and .Lee extended from Chnttahoochee to Flint, and from Muscogee and ]\inrion on N., to Early and .Baker on the S. Head waters of Ichawaynocluuvay are in this county. Lnid out in .1828 from Lee.
CutJt.'bert is the ca,]jital, a place of much importance, the seat of " South-"Western female College," which has been in operation some 7 years. The cars reached this spot in June ; here the road divides - one branch runs to Fort Gaines S. W., the other W. K. "W". to Eufaula.
Some 0 post-offices ; Brooksville is in N. E., BIT ford S., on Pachitla creek near Utah. Odckodka is an Indian name, and lias a post-office, bat- must be in Quit-man. .Pinior is W. of Court-house. Pumpkin town is 10 miles 3ST. Court house.
Jo/a/ T'andolpli. \v:is nil eccentric ciiaracter, a native of Virginia, in 1778, and descended from Pocnhontas. So young did he appear when he first went to take his seat in Congress, that the Speaker scorned unwilling" to quali fy him, and asked him if he was of ago : "Ask my constitu ents," was his answer. Member of Congress and Senator several years; Minister to Russia, in 1830. Died in Phil adelphia, 1834, on hi way to.Kurope.
102. RICHMOND COUKTY is one of the early settled coun ties. Houses were built-in An gust;), hi 1735. Men trading with the Indians for peltry resorted to this place. Me Bean's creek forms the Southern boundary between this and Birrke.
J:'atli and Mount 'Enon are on Spirit Creek. 14 or 15 miles S. W. Augusta.
Jlfo?/?tt .Kj<on war, the site of an Acndemy where seve ral young men were instructed, from 1807 to 1811. Both places are now used as summer retreats chiefly, Irv fami lies from Burke. Bath had in 1830, M families ; Presby terian Meeting-house. Academy, cic. This is a healthy

114:

RICHMOND.

region, of pure water, sandy soil, rising into considerable elevation. Dr. Henry Holcomb raade his home liere be fore he went to Philadelphia. Rev. C. O. Scriven was the first Rector of the Academy.
Augusta, city and cap., Sichrnond county, is the second town, for size in the State. The Savannah river here has a large bend, so that the town stands on the south-west bank, 88 miles E. N. E, Milledgeville, 127 N. N. W. Savannah, 140 N. W. Charleston, 83 W. Columbia, 23 S. S. "W. Edgefield Court-house. Latitude 33. 33', longitude 5 18'. The town is well laid out, the streets axe wide, meeting each other at right angles, and orna mented with, trees, and many of the houses are spacious and elegant. The public buildings are an elegant city hall, 120 feet by 60 feet, three stories high ; a masonic hall; a spacious academy, the main body of which is 45 by 40 feet, with two wings 93^- by 32 feet, containing commodious rooms for the rector and other instructors; court-house, jail, theatre, arsenal, hospital, female asylum, building for free school,.,two markets, five banks, and seven houses for public worship, viz: one for Presbyte rians, one for Methodists, one for Episcopalians, one for Baptists, one for Koman Catholics, one for Unitarians, and one for Africans.
The City Hall is a most splendid building, and a beau tiful ornament to the city ; the cost was $100,000. The houses of worship for the Baptists, Methodists, and Uni tarians, are on G-reene street; the Presbyterian, which. has an excellent clock, on Telfair street, and the Episco palian near the bridge.
The Methodist house was built about 1805, Presbyte rian 1808 or 9 ; Catholic about 1815; Episcopal about 1820; Baptist 1820; Unitarian 1828.
Among' the benevolent institutions of Augusta ought not to be forgotten its_ " Poor School," which has been supported a number of years by private liberality, and has now: one hundred pupils. Lately it has become a fortunate legatee; Dr. Anderson "Watkins, well known as a gentleman of great benevolence, has "bequeathed to it $5,000, and Mr. Campbell a similar sum.

RICHMOND.

115

In the Academy are seventy pupils. ' The salary of the rector is $1,500, and that of the English teacher '$1,000. A branch of the Academy is located at the Sand-hills, and the salary of its teacher is $200, besides the tuition money. The annual income of the Academy is more than $4,000, arising from rents, tuition money, &c.
Augusta is a place of much trade. More than 250,000 ^kag&.of cotton are annually deposited here, and thence
carried down the river to Savannah and Charleston, for the European and Northern markets. From October 1, 1825, to October 1, 1826, there were 143,633 bags of cotton stored in this place. Here are 20 "warehouses, large buildings, from 300 to 500 feet long, and 40 broad, to secure the immense quantities of produce and mer chandise brought to town. Broad street, where the greatest part of the produce is sold, is 180 feet wide, and two miles long, passing nearly through the centre of the city.
There are ten to fifteen steamboats on the river, which perform a trip in four or five days, and catry passengers, and from 800 to 1,000 bags of cotton. Besides these, there are pole boats, which take from 500 to 1000.
Augusta supplies all the up-country, east of the Oconee, and a good deal west of it, with merchandise ; she also sends many tons into Tennessee, and into North and South Carolina. Recently, however, Hamburg, a small town opposite, on the South Carolina side, founded in 1821, has supplied some goods for the Carolinas. A bridge, four hundred yards long, connects the two towns.
Five papers are issued from the Augusta press. The first house in Augusta was built in 1735, by Gen eral Oglethorpe. Near the spot where the Episcopal Church now stands, a British fort, commanded by Col. Brown, was surrendered to the Americans. G-en. Pickens, and Cols. Clarke and .Lee commanded. The Legislature met here in 1776. The city is governed by a mayor and members of coun cil.

116

BICHMOJND.

freights to Savannah are from one dollar to S7 \ cents per bag; to Charleston $1 50 to 75 cents.
Olden History. In the fall of 1770, there were not more than forty or fifty houses most of these log. The river was then crossed by a ferry-boat, owned by Mr. Hicks, just where the bridge now crosses. Families re membered to be there residing were, Messrs. Bug, Glascook, Walton, MoLean, &c. Harrisbnrg was then a plantation, but houses were raised there about 1794. boon : after the termination of the Revolution, people flocked here in scores: Eimis, Jack, J. Wilson, Connell, Bush, JFox, &c., were merchants; CrisweJl, DeArnmon, and Leigh, were mechanics; soon Brown, Gardner, two Tubmans, Longstreet, Wallace, &c., were settled in this
place. In 1805 there were no buildings west of Bennoch's
corner, on Campbell and Broad, streets; all west, where the Planter's Hotel is situated, was a cornfield. Around the site of the new market, was a cluster of houses called Springfield, and a house of worship for the blacks. Here was Grayson's fort during the war. There were some bouses in Hnrrisburg, and an old tobacco ware-house near the river ; this was used in the late war as barracks for the soldiers. The lower part of the town below the bridge was then the most populous and fashionable. Ashton*s Retreat, lower part of Broad street, was the re sort for the fashionables of the day. Public houses then were Eagle Tavern., on Reynold street, and City Hotel, where the Eagle and Phoenix now stands. There were no warehouses at this period for the reception of cotton, "but MoKinne's was soon built, just above the bridge. Each purchaser of cotton weighed it before his own door, where it remained, piled up among the trees on the side walks, till sent off 4n boats. Baiter was then ranch in vogue, and the proportion to the amount in goods which the seller would talce, frequently would control the price of the article.
At three or four gin-houses much of the cotton raised in the vicinity, and in Burke, was cleaned. One near

RICHMOND.

117

the Methodist Meeting-house, and one near Fox's cor ner, are still standing, having been converted into dwellings,
Doctor Wray opened a drug store in 1802, on the north side of Broad street, near .his present residence. Doctor Murray, as a physician, had sold drugs prior to this pe riod, but his stock was small.
The old Court-house* was on the river batik, and here the Legislature assembled for some years. It is believed that they assembled afterwards in a house on Greene street, below Doctor Anthony's; this house was burned some twenty years ago.
Augusta has suffered severely from fires within the last ten years. In February, 1829, several buildings were burned Vest of the Planter's Hotel, on south side of Broad street; but in April of the same year, a fire broke out in the day-time in Ellis street, and swept every build ing almost to the river; hundreds of families were house less. In the fall of 1836, several buildings were con sumed on Broad street, in front of the Planter's Hotel.
Through the energy of Col. Samuel Hale, the city is supplied, with pure water from Turnkit's spring, a mile or ''two west. Families are supplied at a moderate price.
' Colonel Grould established a law school in this city some four or five years ago, and instructed, three or four classes of yoxing men ; 'but he relinquished it on being appointed to a more lucrative office.
Near the city, on the Sand-hills, is the United States Arsenal. Formerly it was located near the river, but was found to be a very sickly spot, . Augusta Cemetery. The oldest epitaph is that on a stone erected to the memory of Francis Jjander, who died

* In 1785, Judge Walton, in his address to the Jury, mentions that the Legislature is soon, to assemble in Augusta, and asks, where they are to sit. since there arc no public buildings ? It is probable the Court-bouse was destroyed during the war. The public records were all carried eft by the British, or burned, so that we have no documents further bads than the Revelation. Judges in this region : John Stewart, in 1782 ; Walton, in 1783-5 ; William Stith, in 178G ; John Hous
ton, in 1792.

5.18

,

RICHMOND.

1787. Many stones are broken down, and urns knocked off a disgrace to the city. The police now prohibit sep ulture in this spot, i. e. around the Episcopal Church. Here lie the bones of General George Mathews, Seaborn Jones, Commodore Oliver Bowen, a patriot of 1775, died in 1800. Robert Jforsytfi, federal marshal of Georgia, "died in the year 1794, a victim of his office in the sup port of the laws." William Thompson, Esq., an officer of the 9th Pennsylvania regiment, made a "sacrifice of his blood on the altar of Liberty;" died in 1794. Here', too, are the remains of Caroline Elizabeth Smelt, born De cember, 1800; died September, 18i7. Her memoirs were written by Rev. Dr. Waddell, and passed through many editions an eminent instance of early piety.
Such was Augusta in 1837. In 1859, 16,984 was the number of inhabitants, and the city greatly enlarged. It is widening ont on both the Georgia and Savannah rail roads, on which houses are erected several miles from the Court-house. The question of a railroad direet to Macon absorbs every mind. It would run via Milledgeville and Sparta to \Varrenton, and will be a popular thorough fare. It has very warm advocates in this place,.
Post-offices: Richmond Factory on Spirit creek, is 14 * miles S. Court-house.
JBelair is on the Georgia railroad, 10 miles W. Court house. McBean depot, is on Savannah railroad, near Burke county line.
Summ&rville, formerly Sand hills, is 3 miles W. A large number of families reside here the whole year. Summerville is capital of Chattooga county ; an incorpo rated town in Emanuel; mistakes will be made in regard to mail matters, unless post-masters and others are very careful.
The Augusta Canal, which begun in 1S45, by building a dam across Savannah a few miles above, which affords power for mills and machinery of every kind, adds very much to the industrious pursuits and wealth of the place. There are in the county some 20 saw-mills, and the same number of grist-mills, that run by water, besides those on

SCHLEY----SCBIVEN.

119

the Canal; then some 8 steam saw and grist-mills. There are stone quarries, in several directions ; machine shops for railroads cars, and. for almost every kind of machin
ery are in operation, which, gives the place a business-like appearance. Flouring mills are splendid.
Rev. Dr. Robert Cunningham was the Presbyterian minister in this city, many years. Rev. Dr. Win. T. Brautly, was the Baptist; both men of talent and varied
learning, gone, gone long since, to their unchangeable home. The Charleston Railroad Co. have erected a It.
E., bridge, and run their cars into the city. The Duke of Richmond, was active in Parliament in be
half of the Colonies; this county was named in 1777.
103. SCHLEY COUNTY wasformedoutof Macon, Marion, and Sumter, in 1857. Taylor, separated by Cedar-creek,
is K,, Macon and Sumter E., Sumter S., and Marion. "W. Buck's creek runs -E., through the county. Head waters of the Muchalee are in the S. part.
Nllaville is the seat of justice, yet but a small place, S.
of the centre, 18 miles S. E. Buena Vista, 21 North AmeriACUS. CTt.is.Qrij or near the sitej^L.Ppn.cZ.town the fabled CBjj4_.is_reno yated. v Pragoeita 'in' !N~. W., and Poindexter in N". E., are the
post-offices. Quebec post-office is in the S. part, just on the line of
Sumter. Friendship post-office. Baptist meeting-house erected
at Court-house in 1860. Wm. Schley, a native of Maryland ; Judge of the Mid
dle Circuit, 1825 7 ; Governor 1835 7, resides in Au
gusta. He is much beloved., a'nd respected by all. 104. SCKIVEN COUKTY was cut off from Burke in 1793.
The mouth of Briar creek, where it falls into Savannah, is in this county. Ogechee forms its western boundary
along which the Central railroad runs. Sylvania is the county seat, 6 miles S. of the old capi
tal, 130 miles S. E. M.,' 63 N". Savannah, 60 S. 35. Au
gusta. . Jacksonboro, in the fork of Briar and Beaver dam creeks, was the old capital, but a sickly spot.

120
Nine or ton post-offices. Black and Buck creeks postoffices, are in the E.-part, M'obJey's Pond !N~. E. corner, Ilalcvoiidale, Ogechee, and Scarboro, arc 011 the railroad. Ternpermi.cc in E. of Jackson'sboro' Barcorn Academy 3 miles N~., and Paris Academy -1 miles from the railroad, Western part.
Greii. $c/'ive~ii, a native of South Carolina, was killed by the British, near Midway, M. H., Liberty country, in JSiov., 1778. Several of his descendants have been use ful and prominent men. iu the State. Chas. O., his son, a graduate of Brown University, was the Baptist pastor of Suiibnry, many years. Died of a cancer in 1ST. York July, 1830, aged 57.
105. S PAL DING- COUNTY' was laid out from Pike and Henry, in 1851. Flint river is the western boundary, most of the whole length of the county, and Towaliga creek separates the JST. E. part from Henry, Potatoe creek runs S. through Pike and Upson into Flint. A point of Clay ton touches the !N~. "W corner, Henry bounds the remainder of the north line, Butts and a cor ner of Munroe on the E., Merri wether and a corner of Coweta and Fayctte lie W.
Griffin is the capital, 12 miles Is. Zcbulon, 25 Forsyth, 43 by llaih'oad S. Atlanta and 60 N. W. Macon.
Five houses of worship, for Methodists, Baptists, Pres byterians, Reformers, and Primitives. New court-house erected 1859.
Griffin Female arid Synodical Female College are good institutions, under Methodists and Presbyterians. They have been in operation some 7 or 8 years, and have from 3.00 to ISO pupils each ; in both arc some 14 teachers.
Shops lor manufacturing most kinds of useful articles, are in operation.
MaTs1i,<:ill College was opened in 1854. It has graduat ed one class ; 93 young men and boys last session of 1859. A. K. Marshall. A. M., now has charge of it.
Tso healthier spot in the State; soil very poor, and water excellent; bilious fever or ague is seldom known. There is not a musqueto-bar in the city, it is presumed.

STEW'ABT.

121

Pine mountains have a beautiful appearance some six miles below /5ebulon. Sock; mountain in Dekalb can be seen from the higher stories of some dwellings.
Population a fraction less than 3,000 in 1859 city greatly improved by the erection of rows of brick build ings, and more still in progress; ^reat fire, ISTovernber 1859.
Dreioryvitte is a small village in S. W. corner, "W. side Flint.
Double Cabins 6 miles E. contains 3 or 4 houses. York is a post-office N. W. Less cotton comes to this place since railroads are become convenient to regions that used to send here ; 30,000 bags of last crop sold here.
The new railroad via ISTewman to Jacksonville, Ala. r now nearly graded to Newman, and orie expected from Madison via Indian Springs and Monticello, are giving life and activity to Griffin ; houses much needed; many are crowding to the place.
Thos. Spalding, a native of Grlynn county in 177-i, was an eminently useful man in. our State for half a cen tury. He was in our Legislature, Member of Congress, residing on Sapelo Island in Mclntosh. He wrote the Biography of Oglethorpe, and was useful in our Histori cal Society. Died in 1851, aged 77 years,
106. STKWART COUNTY--is bounded by Chattahoochee N., Webster B., Randolph and Quitman S. ? Chattahoo chee river W., Ilodchodkee and Harmahatch.ee creeks. Soil fertile, and climate healthy.
LumpJcin is the seat of justice, 23d district of old Lee, and on lot 82; from Cuthbcrt 22 miles, from. Columbus 35, Starkville 50, Americus 45, Florence 16, which was iirst called Liverpool.
The first house w;ts built in August, 18SO, and the place incorporated in 'December.
This is now a large town, with several houses of wor ship, masonic female college ; population estimated at 2,500,
Ifoanoke, au incorporated village in 1832, which had grown up fco be a considerable town, was burned in May,
G

122

SUMTER.

1836, by the Creek Indians ; several families were killed,
and much goods carried off. There was a battle the same year, at Shephard's plantation, in which Capt. Ger
many exhibited true courage, to \Vhose aid Capt. Jer-
liignii came; several men and many Indians were killed.
Post-offices are Florence, on the river below Eoanoke,
which is now nearly extinct, and 7 others. Sci&nceville is a post village in S. E. The inference
from the name is logical, that a good school is located
here, and that the peop]e are fond of learning, and some learned men are residents of the neighborhood. Summerfield is near, Spring Grove is N. "W., Green Hill is in N. E..corner.
Gen. Daniel Stewart was in our Legislature 21 years. He "was in the Revolutionary army when only 15 years old. On a stormy night he arid eight others made their escape from a prison-ship in Charleston Harbor. Joined the Presbyterians in Liberty when near 60 years old ; born in Liberty 1761 ; died 1829.
107. SXTMTEK. CoUHTY was laid out from Lee, 1830.
Schley and Macon are !N., Dooly E., separated by Flint
river, Lee and Terrill S., "Webster and a corner of Ma
rion "W. Muchalee creek runs through, centrally, and
Kinchafoonee in S. W. corner. A.?nzricus, near Muehalee creek, on lot ] 56 in 27th
district originally Lee 30 miles Drayton ; 25 3ST. Starkville, 4O S. E. Lumpkin, 30 from Tazewell, old Court house of Marion, 100 S. W. M.; was incorporated 1882. In 1836 it counted 160 dwellings, now probably 150 ; jneeting-houses for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Bap tists, and two female nigh schools.
^V Female Institute, by a Lutheran minister, was opened herein 1852. The town covers a large space, houses scattered, but many of them large and elegant.
Nine or ten post offices; Boisford is a small post village of 12 houses, S. "W., 10 .from Court-house; Panviile p o is 16 E., on Flint river.
Plains of Dura are west; rather a long village with a store, few houses, doctor, post-office, etc.

TALBOT,

123

Pondtown, a post village many years ago, used to be in Marion, some 14 miles N. Americus. Providence, another
p. o., is in the western part on Kinchafoonee, Corintb, Ivamax, and Huguenin in S. E. corner, are
small places. SmithviUe is on S. line of this county, just above the
Lee boundary, where the railroad leaves the road to Al bany and runs to Fort Gaines and to Eufaula. This will
rise to importance ; "begun in fall of 1857. Q-en. Thos, Sumter, a distinguished soldier in S. C.
during the devolution, was born in Ta. Marion was known as the " Swamp-fox, ' ' Sumterasthe " G-arne-coclc ;" they possessed both cunning and courage to rival their enemies. Died June, 1832, and, as usual, had ridden 20 miles the previous day.
108. TALBOT COUNTY has Merriwether 1ST., TJpsou 1ST. E,, separated by Flint river, Taylor E., Marion and Muscopee S., Harris W. Xiazer is the principal creek. All the S. E. part was cut off to make Taylor county. This county has produced immense crops.
Talbotton is the seat of justice, 98 miles from M., 85 S. E. Lagrange, 22 Hamilton, 14 Marshall's Ferry on
Flint river. It was begun about 1828 9. It has three houses of worship, two academies, and the Collingsworth Institute is 1 mile south. The Oak mountains begin in N. E. part and go on west. Hamilton is on the most western spur. Pine mountains, too, are in. the northern boundary.
G-eneuct) on the railroad 7 miles S. Court-house, is the most important village, as it is the spot where travellers going to Talbotton stop, and where stages take them to railroad, over 30 miles from Columbus.
J3elvue is a small village 8 miles 1ST. Court-bouse. Booc Spring is 10 miles S. "W. Bluff Spring is on western side. Centre is 7 miles E.; it is about as old as Talbotton. Pleasant Hill is" 1ST. E., about 6 miles from Double Bridges. J^edlonep. o. Prattsburgh is E. on the Taylor line. Quito is N. W. near Oak Mt. Besides the above post-offices, Pine Hill is in S. W.

124

TALTAFERRO----

corner; Buchanan's store near Pine mountains, N~. W.; Chalybeate Spring is on the mountains, 8 miles E. Warm Springs in Merriwether.
Matthew Talbot, a native of Bedford, "V~a., was a useful member of our Legislature, President of the Senate, and Governor ex-officio between the death of Gov. Rabun and a new election by the Legislature. His father, who was a Presbyterian, removed to Wilkes, Ga., 1783. The subject of this notice was born in 1767 ; died 1827."
109. TALIAFERRO COUNTY" was formed out of the coun ties contiguous, in 1825. It has an irregular shape. Tributaries of Little river bound part of the E. and 3S". lines. Head streams of Ogechee river are in S. part.
Orawfordville is the county town, 45 miles W. E. M., 19 Greenesboro', 20 S. Washington, 28 S. S. E. Lexingtori, lOPowelton, 22 Wrightsboro', 18 Warrenton houses of worship for Baptists and Methodists, and good acade mies. It is on the Ga. railroad from Augusta to Atlanta, but has not grown much.
Rayto\vn is a post village in 1ST. E. part, 8 miles Crawfordville, 13 Washington, 12 Wrightsboro', 35 Lexington. It is but a small place. Fair-Play and Fielden are also in this region.
Sharon, a post village, is on the Branch Railroad from Double Wells to Washington, 6 miles from Gumming. Near Hay town, is Catholic house of worship.
The celebrated Robert Grcer, the Ga. Almanac Maker, resided many years in this neighborhood, and thence re moved to Butts.
J3eiijamin TaUaferro, a native of Va,, removed to Broadriver, Wilkes, when young. He was President of Ga. Senae, Judge of Snpterior Courts, and Member of Congress, 1801. Died in 1820.
110. TATTNALTJ COUNTY is surrounded by Emanuel, Bullocli, Liberty, and a corner of Bryan, Appling, and Montgomery. It is some 60 years since it was laid out. Ohoopie river runs through the county and falls into Altamaha on the S. W. Pendleton's creek is a large branch of this river.

TAYJIOR----T ELFAIR.

125

JK&idsville is the county scat, some 5 miles E. Ohoopie river. It was incorporated in. 1832, having been called Tat-tnall Court-house ; it is a small place.
Bull Creek, Long Uranch, Matlock, Perry's Mills, an. old place iiear Altamaha, N". W., and Watermelon are post-offices. Erin-ton's mills are in S. E.
Josiah Tattnall, a native of Bonaventure, the old family homestead, 4 miles S. Savannah, was in our Legislative frequently; also Member of Congress, and Senator, and Governor of the State. A son of his "was in Con gress in 1821 7 ; another has won renown as a naval officer.
111. TAYLOK COUNTY was formed out of Talbot, Crawford, Macon, and Marion, in 1852. It touches also Schley on the S., and Upson on the 1ST. The Flint bounds it on the 1ST. and N. E. White-water creek is in the S., and Patsaliga in the N. E.
Butler is the county town, on the K. K., centrally lo cated, yet a. small place.
Post-offices are Daviston N. W., Howard W. side, on R. R., Carsonville 1ST., near the Flint, Agency, on Flint river, Reynolds, on K. R., E. part of county.
Zachary Taylor, a general in the Mexican war, was most successful in discomfiting the enemy. He was President of the United States, but died, and Mr. Fill^ more, Vice, managed public affairs with great propriety. v 112. TwijFAm COUNTY lies in the same circle of Ocmulgee river. Pulaski and a corner of Laurens are N., Montgomery E., Coffee and Irwin S., and Wilcox W. Ocmulgee bounds it W. and S., Little Ocmnlgee E. Turnpike and Sugar creeks fall into Little Ocmulgee.
Jacksonville, near Ocmulgee river, is the capital. An old but small place.
Lumber City^ near the mouth of Little Ocmulgce, is the seat of extensive mills to saw the immense quanti ties of Pine lumber that, grows in this region ; this is floated down the Altamaha to Darien, thence taken to New York and to Europe. This town has declined gone down.

GobbviUe, Copeland N". W. corner, MeRae's store S. "W., Sugar Creek E., Temperance W. side, are all postoffices.
Then Clayville is 10 miles E. Court-house, Some other public places.
Edward Telfair, a native of Scotland in 1735, came to Georgia in 1766 ; was a Member of Congress 1778 ; Senator from Chatham, in our Legislature, during a ses sion of which, at Louisville, he spoke on an important subject, for Congressmen then had the privilege of debat ing (j\ajjor Oliver Porter). He was Governor in 1786, also ? 90 to '93. One of his sons was a Member of Con gress ; another has been useful to his country. Mr. T. died 1807, in the 72d year of his age.
113. T mui ELL COUNTY was made out of Randolph and Lee in 1856. Webster and Sumter are N.. Lee E., Dougberty and Calhouu S., and Randolph W. K-inchefoonee runs through N. E. corner, and Ichaway-nochaway forms the S. W. boundary some 20 miles. Chickasawhatchie is in the central part.
Dawson is the county seat, centrally located on the R. R. to Fort Gain.es. Baptist meeting-house, and prob ably others.
Ohicasawhatchie is a wealthy settlement in S. E. part of the county, near the creek of that name.
Chei'tubba is a post village near the north, liri
Dover, post-office, is on W. line. Nochaway st-office is also \V. on the R. R.
Hortonville and Chickasawhatchie are pub : places in S. E. Brown's mills are in N. E.
Dr. 'Wra. rfcrrell, a native of North Carolina, was an eminently useful citizen and wise legislator ; was Member of Congress 1817 '21. He was the popular physician of Sparta. Afflicted with a cancer, he visited Europe and Palestine with his family, two voyages. . He contributed $20,000 for an Agricultural Professorship in lYanklin College. Died July, 1855, aged 73.
114. THOMAS COUNTS has suffered in size, by giving off its territory to make other counties. 3?oth it and

TOWNS.

127

Lowiides extended, in 1829, from Florida to Irvviri county north, Ochloekn.ee is the chief river. Mitc'nell and Co'.quitt are N., Brooks E., Florida S., Dscatur W.
Thoinasuilie is the seat of justice, and is quite a large town, containing Methodist and Baptist houses of wor ship, and a high school under Methodist denomination. 206 miles S. Milledgeviile, 22 N. Leon county, Florida, 40 N. Tallahassee, 35 E. Bainbridge, on Lot 39, 13th District, old Irwin.
Boston, post village, in S. E. part. Glasgow is a con siderable village, 11 miles S., near Florida line. Grrooversville is in S. E. corner. Tatesville, post-office, Duneanville, post-office, and Dawson 1ST.
Gen. fTett Thomas was captain of artillery in Floyd'a army at the battles of Autossee and Chalibbe, in the lat ter of which he distinguished himself. The Indians attacked the American camp just before day, 27th Jan uary, 1814, but were compelled to fly into the swamp. Gen. Hew nan received three wounds in this battle. Autossee was an Indian town on the Tallapoosa, say 20 miles above its confluence with the Coosee, and Chalibbe is a few miles above. He was born in Virginia, 1777; died in Milledgeville, of a cancer, 1815.
115. TOWNS COUNTY was laid out from Union and Rnbun, 1856. North Carolina is on the north, Rabun east, White south, and Union west. Hiawassee is the princi* pal stream, which runs north-west into Tennessee river. Brasstown creek is in north-west corner. Hiawassee rises very near the head streams of Chattahooch.ee, on the Blue Kidge.
fliawassee, p. t., is the county site, on the river, within four miles of the North Carolina boundary the most north erly county town in the state.
J3rasstown and Eolia are post-offices in north-west part of the county, on the creek of that name. The for mer was an old Indian town. Shadygrovc post-office is central 011 Hiawassee river.
Q-eo.'W. Towns, a native of Wilkes, in 1810, was a re markable man. Ho studied law, with a slender educa-

128

TBOUP.

tion, and made Talbotton his home in 1826. About 1830 he is in the Legislature, and exhibits so much talent that he is soon elected to the Senate thence to
Congress in 1834. In 1847 he receives 43,220 votes for governor, and Gen. Clinch 41,931. In. 1840 he receives 40,514 votes, E. T. Hill 43,322. Died in Macon, July,
1854, in the 54th year of his age. His children are yet young, but bespeak paternal talent.
116. TiiOUP COUNTY" has Hoard and a corner of Coweta north, Merriwether east, Harris south, and Alabama "west. CiialtahoocViee runs through western part. Carroll used to corne dowii to Westpoint, but the 14th and
15tl\ Districts were annexed to Tronp in 1827. TjOTig Cane, Yellow Jacket, and Flat Shoal creeks.
Lagranqe, named after Lafayette's country residence in France, 130 miles W. Milledgeville, 22 W. Greeneville,
25 N. Hamilton, 35 K. W. Talbotton, 42 1ST. Columbus, 16 Westpoint, is the seat of justice. Here are houses of -worship for Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians; the Baptists' was built of brick in 1857, and has a tall spire.
Routhern Female College, opened in 1843, by Rev. John Ei. Dmvson, as " La grange Female Seminary," is a flourish- . ing institution, with. 15 teachers, and over 150 pupils. It
has graduated, in some 15 classes, about 330 young ladies j has good apparatus, library, &c.
u l,agrange Female Institution" was begun in 1845 6, and is also a good school.
" Lfigrange High School''" wa's established by Rev. Otis Smith, who had taught in Poweltou sonic years.
J3rownwood Collegiate Institute is some two miles west,
and was established as early as 1837, by Doctor Robert Brown, who had taught a female school at- Scottsboro', which was opened about 1828.
J^o coxmty lias exhibited a warmer spirrt for education than this, or provided more liberally for their children's
improvement. Troup is a model county in this respect. Some ten post-offices and one cotton factory.
Westpoint is quite a town, on both sides the Chatta-

129
sand bags of cotton arc sold. here. Tb_e groceries sell from $50,000 to $75,000 worth every year. This town is at Miller's Bend in the Cliattahoochee, latitude 32 52' 16", 146 miles from ISTicojack.
Vernon is some eight miles west Court-house. It has been in existence since 1829, and yet lias not attained to magnitude,
HofrrisonviUe is also a small place ten miles south. Oreo, J&f, y}'oup was one of* Georgia's most distinguished sons, born in Mclntosh, September, 1780, and a graduate of New Jersey College. Mr. T. was in Congress during tlie war of i812, and. was chairman of same important committees. In 1823 he was elected Gfovernor by the Legislature, and in 1825 by the people. While lie was governor the treaty of Indian Springs was made, and a conflict with Mr. Adams, the .President, seoin'ed unavoidable; but Grov. T. was resolute, and maintained the right of the State to survey the lands ob tained of the Indians, which he had done. After this, in 1829-35, Col. Tronp was again in the Seiuite sis years, Died in Lam-ens county, where he had resided over a third of a century, in 1858, nearly 80 years old. 117. TWIGOS COITJNTZ has Bibb and Jones north, Wilkinson, east, Pulaski south, and Houston west. The Ocinnlgee is the western boundary. Kig Sandy east, Savage and Flat creeks running south-west into Ocmulgee, are chief streams. The Central Railroad barely to-t/.ches this county at Griswold. a village on. south lino of Jones. This was a part of old "VVilkinson, the title to which was extinguish ed in 1804. Mrn-ion, 36 miles S. W. Milledgeville, 20 S, E. Macon, 30 K. Hartford, and 20 W. Jr win. tori, is the seat of justice. It is not a large place, but has some line dwellings. Jeffersonville, formerly known as Kaine's store, is a
6*

130
ican War, and one, D. K., is now a cnerai in me regular arrny.
118. UNIOK" COUNTY, formed in 1832, is on the North Carolina line. Towns is east, I/umpkins south, and Faunin west. This is a mountainous region. JSTotley river rises
world. Choes toe is a, post-office in south-east part, Gaddistown
in south-west, Ivy log in the north, Young-cane 9 miles west Court-house, Track Rook 8 north-east, near the Towns line, live offices in all. Track Hock, or Enchant ed Mountain, has tracks of bears, turkeys, children, &c., on a kind of soapstono, which are a wonder to many. The Creeks and Cherokees are said to have had several battles in this region, on account of claims to territory.
Origin of tlie name given to Union count//. When
memucreu mat- LWO parties existed at me time, oi,ai _ llighW and " "Union men," those who loved and would go for the State at all events, and those who would go for the Union, to the crushing out of State rights, Tnc " Force Bill" was passed about these times.

UPS ON WALKLER.

131

119. UPSO^T CotnsTTY has Tike N., Monroe and Crawford K, Taylor S., and Merri wether W. The Flint is the western boundary; Potatoeand Toblcr's creeks are the chief streams in. the county. The Pino mountains, 011 tlie 1ST. line between this and Pike county, are visible at Griffin, some 18 miles N. The most easterly spur is E. of Bariiesville. Pour or five Cotton Factories arc in this county on Potatoe and Tobler's creeks ; some have been in opera* tioii near a quarter of a century.
TfiO'inasion is the capital, to which a railroad from Barnesville, on the Maeon and Atlanta road, began to run its cars in the fall of 1857. It is 7o miles W. of M., 45 W. Macon, 27 1ST. N. W. Knoxville, 17 S. S. E. ZebuIon, 26 Talbotton, 30 Forsyth. It contains 100 houses ; houses of worship for Methodists and Baptists ; an Acad emy or two. Place lately improved.
double Bridges p >st-onice on Flint rivor, 11 M. W., has 3 or 4 houses, with one or two Drunkcries. A man was sliot here in Oct., 1858 j another near this, 4tli of July, 1859.
Flint River Factory post-office, the Rock post-office, Tliundering' Spring" post-office, in .N". W. corner \V"aymansville post-office -E., Ilootensvillo S. W. point of the county. Beside the above, Camp-ground 4 miles E. of the Court-house. Delay arid Harmony arc public places. Warm Springs arc 5 miles S. E. Thundering Springs.
Stephen Upson had few superiors as a Jurist or States man ; his honesty arid fidelity were never questioned. He was a native of Ct., graduate of Yale College ; student of Law with W. H. Crawford. His influence in our Legis lature for several years reached and controlled more members (not the bigoted partisans) than any other man. Buthe died in the prime of life, in August, 1824, aged 89. Lexington was his only home in his adopted State.
120. AVAi;K.E"R COUNTY has been in the hands of the' Legislators, and lost much, of its large dimensions; Dade was taken 1887., Chattooga in 1838, from this county and Floyd ; and since, Catoosa and part of Whltefield have been taken, "West Chicamaxiga creek rises in S. part,

between. Pigeon and Look-out mountains, and runs N. through Catoosa into Tennessee river.
Lafayette is now in the S, K. part of the county, on. lota 26 and 27 in the 7th district. It is a large and flour ishing town, with houses of worship for Baptists and Methodists, and an Academy.
It is 80 miles S. Chattanooga, 19 jSJ". Summcrville; a beautiful Lake is in the N. "W. part near Look-out moun tain, oval in shape, and about 3 miles in circumference.
Post-offices^ Prick's Gap in western, part Pond ?p7'ing TV., on Chicnniauga, Hock Spring E.; Possville, an old place on the State line; Duck creek in S. near Chattooga boundary, Villariow on Taylor's Ridge, Snow Hill in N. ID. Public places, Chestnut Iflatj 5 W, Gordon's Springs in "Whitefield.
Freeman Walker, a native of Va,, 17SO, came to Augus ta when a youth, and studied law with his brother George. He was in our Legislature and in Congress in 1819-21. Died of consumption, Sept., 182T, having faith fully served his country. "Valentine, George, and .Rob ert were also lawyers, all men of talent and respec tability.
121. WAL.TO2ST CouNTY-has Jacks on on 1ST, Jl, Clarke E,, Morgan S.. ISTewton S. "W-, Gwinnette IS". W., Appalachee forms most of the Eastern boundary, and head waters of Alcovee and Yellow rivers run through the county.
Monro-e, 65 K- W. M., 20 K. E. Govington, 25 W. S. W. Athens containing Methodist, Protestant Methodist, and ^Baptist houses of worship, aborit 100 houses, stores and shopSj and academy is the county seat. It is a high and healthy spot. The Bock mountain has a beautiful appearance from this place.
Cut-off" in K. E., Good Hope 9 miles E, Court-house, Logansville, Social Circle in, S. W. corner, a pretty vil lage of some 40 houses, with houses of worship and schools, in existence 30years, on theGa. railroad,- Walnut Grove, and Windsor in IS". W., are post-offices. Bro ken Arrow 7 miles S, W., Cowpcns, a noted spot for

WARE.

133

many years, 5 miles S. E. Court-house, and Alcovee Moun tain, are public spots. Gen. Ecliols is buried, near Broken
Arrow.
George WaUon, a Virginian "by birth, in-1740, was ap prenticed to a carpenter, "who wotild allow him no can dles to study nights; so he would, collect knots during the
day, to afford Inrri light l>y night. He was early engag ed, in Savannah with, the friends of liberty in 1774, arid was a Colonel of a regiment, Governor of Ga,, and sub scribed the Declaration of Independence. Died, in
1804. 122. WARE COTJKTY has "been roughly handled. In
1829 she extended one whole degree of -Longitude, from
82 to 33 , from. Camden. and Wayne to Lowndes, and from Florida to -A-ppling1. Parts of Coffee, .Pierce, Clinch,
and Echols, have been taken, from it; and Charlton, with. its broad axe, has hacked it almost in twain, near the S. "W. part; indeed, so nearly is it severed, that we may cull it North "Ware, and South Ware.* Much of it is poor
land. North Ware will be passed through by railroad from both Savannah and 13 runs wick. Rivers are St.
Ilia, and Snwanee ; the latter rises in Okefenoka swamp ; part of this swamp is now in Charltou county.
Waresboro* 163 measured miles S, S. E. M., 76 N. W. St. Mary's, 30 S. Holrnesvnle, and 75 K. E. ThomasviHe, is the county site. Brunswick will run her railroad to
this town, wliere the people of Albany intend, to meet it with another. Kettle Creek post-office E., Burrell postO-ffice, Isabel post-office.
Me Donald is shYuatcd in the Western part, where- the
railroads meet, sonic fifty miles W- Wayneville. Ocean Wave is in N. W., and'St, Ilia in 1ST. E.", Pleasant "Valley E., near St. IlJa river ; Yankee Town is B., near Savannah
railroad. Nicholas ~Ware, of Augusta, native oi' Va., studied law
with the elder Seaborn Jones, in Augusta. Iu our leg
islature he opposed the popular " Alleviating Law " which

* Borne maps represent all the south part, as uttaclied to Charlton.

134:

WARREN WASHINGTON",

nearly ruined the State. He was President of the Trus tees of ^Richmond Academy, when he died. The offices
of Mayor, and Judge of the City Court, he resigned when elected to the U. S. Senate, 1321. Died in New York, 1824, with a lively hope of a blessed immortality.
123. WARREN COUNTS has Taliafcrro and "Wilkes 1ST.-, Columbia E., Jefferson and Glascock S.,Haiicoek W. Ogcchce river forms most of the Western and head streams of Briar creek, part of the Eastern boundary. Gki. rail road passes through, 4 miles 1ST. of the Court-house, and
a branch runs into town. Warrenton, 45 miles N~. 1ST. E. M., 43 W. Augusta, 12
S. K. Poweltou, 22 "E. Sparta. Academy and houses of worship for Methodists and Baptists. This county was
laid out before 1800. The railroad has increased the size of the town, and many more goods and groceries are sold here, for parts of contiguous counties, than years ago.
.Post-offices, Double Wells, on B. K., where K. R. di
verges to "Washington, Jubilee, and Tannvillc. MayHeld is a small post village at Shivers' Mills on Ogechee,
12 R. Sparta on old stage road. Camuc and Cumming are small places on the II. Jii., the one 4 m. from Court house where the branch comes into town, the other on
the Western border of the county. G'en. t/oseph Warren^ the first distinguished martyr to
the cause of liberty, fell on 17th of June, 1775, at the battle of Bunker Hill. A monument is erected on the spot; "Webster made the oration,
124. "WASHING-TON' Coir NT Y lies S. of Hancock, W. of Glascock and Jefferson,, 1ST. of Johnson, E. of Wilkinson
and a cor, of Baldwin, it comprises the whole territory from CheJ-ok.ee corner, 8 m. W. of Lexington, from, the
Ogechee to the Oconee, and down S. to Liberty Co. It was surveyed in 1784, and divided into G-reerie, tfancook, &c. The first election for coun^ officers was held below the
Shoals of Ogechee, and voters, among whom was Major OJi ver Porter, of Green c. had to travel 100 miles to attend.
In the first settlement, a village was built 8 m. below the site of MilledgeviHo, on the -E. bank of the Oconee,

\VAYN~E.

135

called Federal Town, containing 4 framed houses, a dozen cabins, and fort. The spot was sickly, the soldiers died, and another site was selected.
It is to be regretted that some other territory had not been selected for Glasoock county, as it separates the union of four counties, connected together, as were the distinguished men after whom named, were connected together in the Continental Congress and Revolutionary war. Washington, Hancook, Jefferson, and W^irren the first eminent martyr in the cause of liberty lie side by side on the map of our State. Gen. Glascock, a youth, was in the struggle, but never became so conspicuous as the immortal four.
Sandersville is the seat of justice, 28 miles E. M., 26 N". W. Louisville, 135 from Savannah. It is a thriving place, grown very much in the last few years, both in population and refinement. Methodist Meeting-house, and the Baptists about to build,
Post-offices, Davisboro' in the E. on R. R., Ilebron 12 m. W. Court-house, Irwin's Cross Roads in the S., Oconce on S. R. W. side. Gov. Irvvin, who resided and died in this county, is buried 2 miles S. the R. R. on Sand-hill creek.
T&nniUe is a small place on the R. R., where travel lers stop to go to Sandersville, 3 m. JST.
Drum-fnond in the S. TO.; "Wortheii's Store is a post vil lage in JS". E. part, and has a good Academy, 9- m. from Sandersville.
Riddleville, 10 rn. R. E. Sandersville, 6 S. W. from "Da visboro', 10W. Fenn's Bridge, is the site of an Academy, just begun in 1859, called Mount Veruon Institute. Some 22 families, and good school ; "building is 60 by 40; 75 pupils. This county was named after the "Fa ther of his Country."
125. WAT^NE COUNTS has App]ing N., Mclntosh N. E., separated by Altamaha river, Giynn E., Catnden and Cliarlton S., Pierce W. The two large branches of St. Ilia river meet in southern part. I'm ho] law ay creek, runs 1ST. E. into Altamaha river. The Court-house is a

136

WEBSTER.

small place "in the woods," in the S. part, 9 m. N". W. Wayneville, within two miles of St. Ilia river.
Post-offices^ named Bennettsville, Doctor Town in JN". ~E. cor, on H. li. Mantilla in S. part, on the Brunswick B. 11., 2 in. S. St. Ilia river. St. Saville is an old place on Altamaha river, Pendarvis' store in N. E.
The Brunswick: K. It. cars run now (July, 1850) some 10 m. over St. Ilia river, into Pierce Co., 15 m. W. "Way ties vi lie, and some 35 JE. of McDonald.
Gen. Anthony IVa-yne, born in Pa., 1745, was in the battles of Brandywinc, Germantowri, and Monrnouth. Both Generals, Harmar and St. Glair, had been unsuc cessful in subduing the Indians in the IS". "W., Ohio, and Indiana. Gen. Way Tie was appointed by Washington on this important business, and he succeeded ; he built Fort Defiance, in the N. W. part of Ohio, in 1794 ; in August, with 3000 troops, he met the British and Indi ans at the rapids of the Maumee, 18 in. from its mouth in Lake Krie, and conquered them, and laid waste their country. The- British were in Port Maurnee, claiming the country.
Our Legislature had given him a large tract of land, for his services, in this State. He died at Presque Isle, near Lake Superior, in 1796. No" man could do more to earn the respect and veneration of his country. Judge "Wayne, of Savannah, of the Supreme Court, is his son.
126. WEBSTER COUNTY is bounded by Marion on the N., SumterE.,Terrcll and Randolph S,, Stewart W. Kinchafoonee runs diagonally through it, from IN. W, to S. E. This Co. was named Kinchajbonee, in 1854, and changed in 1856 to Webster.
Preston, formerly Mclntosh, is the seat of justice, on the E. side of Kinchafoonec, centralIj- situated. It has 2 schools, beside the public buildings, .Baptist Meeting house, &e.
Hard Money^ now called ~WcMon, is another post-office in S. "W. parr,, Lannahassee, Holly Grove in JN". E., and Searsville in theN., are public places.
This county was formed oat of Stewart and Sumter.

WHITE WIJITEFIEJjD.

137

Daniel Webster, a native of N". H., Senator from Mass., Sec'y of State under both Harrisoii and Taylor, 1841, and 1850, has a world-wide fame. He was an able States man, a powerful debater, a historian, and scholar ; he had no superior in acquaintance with our governmental affairs. Died in 1852.
127. WHITE GOU.NTY was formed out of Lumpkiii and Habersham in 1857. Towns isN., Habersham E., Hall S., and Lumpkin W. The Chattahooch.ee, and Teasentee, or Tesnatee, are the chief streams. On Duke's creek, are falls in the Western part. (See Antiquities.)
Mount Tbiiah is the capital, in S.W. part of the Co., some 5 in. S. Yon ah mountain, just north of a short ridge, a spur of KLitt's Mountain. It is a small place.
.Post-offices are ISTaucoochee in the N". K., in the valley of Duke's creek, and Leo, 6. m, S. Court-house. Kitt's mountain is still S.
Col. ,fo!m TWiife, of Savannah, was a brave and favor ed soldier in the Revolutionary war. By stratagem, on Ogeohee river, he captured ill soldiers, and took 5 ves sels, with only seven men under his command ! This he did by building watch-fires all around the camp of Gapt. Trench, so as to induce, him to believe he was surround ed by a, large army. (McGall and Lee's Memoirs.)
128. WiUTKFiKLU COUNTS, from Murray and "Walker, was formed in 1852. Tennessee is on the 1ST., Murray is E., Gordon is S,, and Walker arid Catoosa W. Conncsauga is the Eastern boundary, Cohutta and branches of Chickamaug'a creeks.
Daltoa is the capita], the place where the E. Tennes see .Railroad diverges for Knoxville and Virginia. This town \yas erected, and was the terminus of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, years before the cars ran to Chattanooga, say '47 or '48 ; 100 miles JST. Atlanta, 88 S. Chattanooga. It is a large town, with houses of worship for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists.
Fillmore is a post village, 9 m. N. E. Court-house, Cedar .Ridge is 7 miles E. Q-ordon's Springs, "which arc in S. W. corner, near Walker county ; .Red Clay in the !N~., near Tennessee.

1S8

"WTLCOX WILKES.

Tunnell Hill is 3 m. E. of Catoosa county, now called Tunnelville. Public places are Anderson post-office W., Tiiton in S. E., Ued Clay Council Ground N.
Rev. George ~Whitefield, a scholar of Oxford, an associ ate of Wesley, was one of the most extraordinary men, one of the most fascinating orators, that ever lived. As Wesley, who had been a few years in Georgia, was re turning to England, Whitefield was just starting with Oglethorpe for this country. He preached and begged through most of the States, and established a school for orphan children some 10 miJes below Savannah, where many were educated.
In most of the N. E, States his labors were abundant ly blessed in exciting revivals of religion, though he was opposed by the cold and lukewarm by the President of Harvard College, and by some bishops in England, where he preached in the fields to 20,000 at a time. Charleston also felt the influence of his pious labors. Died at N"ewburyportj Mass., 1770.
129. Wii>cox COUNTY was formed out of Dooly, Irwin, and Pulaski, in 1857. Pulaski is N., the same county and Telfair are E., Irwin is S,, and Dooly W. Ocmulgee river is the Eastern boundary ; Alapaha is in S. W., Cedar creek in W. E., Folsom's E., and House creek in S. E. corner, are chief streams. House Creek P. O. is on this creek, S. E. part of county.
AJJbeville is the county site, on the E. side, on the river, nearly opposite the N. W. corner of Telfair county, 37 m. E. Vienna, 25 N. W. Jacksonville, a new and small place.
Sowenville post village is in S. E. corner ; Adams P. O. is 5 m. S. Court-house in E. part.
Lawson and Vineyard are public-places, the latter near the centre of the county, the other N, part.
Gen. Mark Wilcosc was a son-in-law of Gen. Coffee, and citizen of Telfair, frequently in our Legislature. He is represented to be a native of this State.
130. WILKES COUNTY is 'bounded N", by Elbert, E. by Lincoln, S. by parts of Columbia, Warren, and Talia-

139
ferro, and "W. by the latter county and Oglethorpe. Population, 16,975. In 1824 this was the most populous county in the State, but, since that time, part of the c_o,,u..,,n.t.y,, h!,, a_ s_ b!_e__e.n_ ti_aik_e_.n_, tj.o_ f-o"__r_m...._. Tma_li:i_a.fee_r_ro_, a_.n_ dj o_jf? c_ o_ u,_r_s_e

^(UlU. UU J*3]JL>1 U *J1 O A pt3 fluid tilt*.

VT o KLHJUHl 11UJJV OUC C1-

lightened county of Wilkes has not forgotten the chil

dren of the poor. Washing-ton is the capital.

The territory now called "Wilkes was obtained by the

treaty at -Augusta, in 1773. The inhabitants during the

war were unanimous almost to a man, in their opposition

to Brriatanin,, and so fierce was theeirr reessisatanncce that the

tories gave this section of our State the distinctive ap

pellation of " Hornet's Nest."

The bones of several distinguished men rest in this

county., among which may be mentioned those of Kev.

Messrs. Mercer, Springer, and Whatley, of the clergy.

Mr. Mercer was a bold, plain, nervous, and powerful

___ _,,,,!____ J?_ __ . _ _._ ^ ,,._!,,!____ J.,__ _,,,!_ T__.j._-_.

__ ._._.

_.. .A . _ _, ,jreacnea togetaer. ootnot tnese- men estaoKshed classical schools in their neighborhoods, and
though Mr. M. himself was not much of a scholar, they both, were niiiictfu2 of this well-established fact, that Science is the handmaid of Religion, and that neither wilt flourish long alone. A nation wholly infidel will
soon sink into barbarism ; and that mind which has been illumined by the truths of the Grospel, will be reaching after all the lights which the torch of Science can throw
on these truths. Mr. Whatley was a soldier at the siege of Augusta,
and his story of suffering and trial would bring tears
from the dryest eye. He was an odd, blunt man, and
began preaching at an advanced age, and though some times a smile was excited by his oddities,, he was univer
sally beloved; he was a sterling man. Humility was one of the distinctive features of his character. Among the

14:0

wiLKU-rsojS".

statesmen who lived here niay be named Abbott, and Campbell, and Talbot. Bibb a]so resided in this county, but he removed to Alabama.
Washinrjlon, p. t. and cap., "Wilkes county, named in honor of the illustrious Washington, after whom counties in every State in the Union, and towns without num ber, have received their names, is situated on the great road from Augusta to Nashville, Tennessee, 66 miles N. E. Milledgevillc, 53 N". W. Agusta, 18 W. Lincolnton, 14 S. K. "Mallorysv-ille, 81 B. N. U. Greensboro', 24 S. B. Ijcxington, and contains Court-house, with an ex cellent clock, Jail, Branch of the State Bank, Academies, and houses of worship for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists, 73 dwelling-bouses, 88 stores and shops, and about 400 white inhabitants, with probably the same number of blacks.
In 1774 a fort was built on the site of this town as a defence against Indian intrusion and assault.
A weekly paper has been published at Washington since 1800.
Since the branch of the Georgia Kailroad has been ex tended to this place, from Double Wells, it has been somewhat enlarged and improved. .Rev, Jc.s-,e Mercer was a citizen of this town, but died in Butts. His father lived and died in Wilkes.
PosL-ojJlces are Ceritreville, on the road to Lcxington, 12 W. Court-house; has some 20 houses. Danburg is !N. -E. on the road to Petersburg 14 m., Delhi. Mallorysville is in N. W. part, and has been for 30 years a con siderable village. Public places, Bookersville is 9 E., and Eehoboth post-office 12 N. E. Tyrone is near S. line, Stony Point. Aonia.
*fohn~Wilk.es^ a warm friend of the Colonies in the Brit ish House of Commons, Alderman of London, was born in 1727. He plead our cause boldly, and the county was named after him in 1777,
131. AViLKiKSON Cotr,NTY has Jones and Baldwin N., Washington E.,Laurens and Pulaski S., and Twiggs W. The Oconee is the eastern boundary. Commissioner's

WORTH.

141

creek runs from 1ST. "W. to S. E. Big Sandy passes diagonally. Turkey creek cuts the S. W. corner. This territory was acquired by the treaty at Fort Wilkinson, 1802, and all embraced in two counties, Baldwin and Wilkinson.
Irwiniort., ec|_u.i-distant from. Commissioner's and Big Sandy creeks, is the county site. Not a large place. A quarry of beautiful soft stone, of which many chimneys are constructed, is near town. Rev. diaries Ouipepper resided and preached in this county a third of a cen tury.
Post-offices : Cool Spring, a small place in S. W. corner of the county. Gordon is on. the railroad where it diverges to go up to MilledgeviHe and Batonton.
Mcliitire is the station where travellers stop, in order to go to Irwinton 4 miles S. Milton is inj S. E. Stephensville is S. Toombsboro' is also a post-office -6 in all. Nesbit is just on the Jones line. Irwinton has Baptist and Methodist meeting-houses, and intends to have a high school of first order. Gen. James W'dkirtson^ a native of Maryland, was a useful officer during the Revolution, and in the war of 1812. Lie published "Memoirs of my own Times," 2,300 pages. Lost repu tation in his later years.
132. WORTH COUNTY was laid out from Dooly and Irwin, 1856. Irwin and part of Berrien arc E., Dooly is 1ST., Colquitt is S., Mitchell, Dougherty, and Lee, W". Abram's creek falls into Flint in !N~. W. ; Indian and other creeks S. W. into Little river; -which forms most of the eastern boundary.
TsabeHf.t,) centrally located, is the county site. A. new place.
Jjloornfteld is a post village in N. AY., near mouth of Abram's creek.
Brooks' Post-office. Deerland post-ofnce is in the S. Minton is in the S. W.
~\-Va rnvic7 is in 1ST. "W. corner. Pennsboro' is on K. side.
Public places are, Orel in S. E. corner ; Fennsboro' 7

142

PROGRESS OF EDUCATION.

miles S. Court-house ; Gin town S. W., near the corners of Dougherty and Mitchell.
Gen. Worth was an efficient officer in the Mexican war, with his father-in-law Gen. Taylor ; died in 1858. A monument is erected to his memory in New York city.

History and Progress of Education.
Whitefield's Orphan House, near Providence Island, some 15 miles S. of Savannah, was begun in February, 1740. This was the first of the kind in the United States. Until the buildings were finished, the children were placed in the city : " they will work, in picking and carding cotton, a quantity having been purchased already." The buildings were extensive, and the con cern flourished some years. At his death Whitefield be queathed the property to lady Huntington, and a class of children has been educated in Savannah many years past from the avails.
Schools were early in operation in Savannah, Augus ta, and a few other towns in the lower part of the State ; but little attention was paid to learning above Augusta, till 1800, if we except the following :
Kev. Mr. Springer opened a classical school 5 miles 1ST. Washington, near the present residence of Rev. Mr. Armstrong, in 1791. Here the Ilev. Jesse Mercer com menced the study of the learned languages.
In 1798 the Eev. Silas Mercer employed a Mr. Ar mour to open an academy at his residence, called Salem ; 9 miles S. Washington, now owned by Mr. Gibson. This continued till the death of Mr, Mercer, in 1796, and at which several persons were educated.
In 1794 or '5 licv. Dr. "Waddell taught a classical seliool in Columbia county, called Carmel Academy, and was assisted in it by William PI. Crawford.
In 1802 the College commenced operations at Ath
ens, then in the wilderness, where could be distinctly heard,
" The fox's bark, or wolf's lugubrious howl."

COLLEGES.

143

The first class was taught in a small building, 20 by 14 feet, standing1 between the post-office and house former ly occupied by the President of the college.
In 1801. oniy six academies had been incorporated in the Stace. These were in Savannah, Augusta, Sunbury, Louisville, and in Burke and Wilkes counties. In 1802, a female school was commenced at Athens, \>y Mrs. Alien and daughters. In 1805, Mrs. Dugas, a I*1reach lady, opened a boarding-school in Washington, which flourish ed a number of years. In 1805 or '0, the Meson Acad emy at Lexington was opened. In 1804 the Baptists, in general committee, resolved to establish a college. Land 15 miles S. W. Augusta, was purchased, and an academy opened in 1807, called Mount Enon. . Appli cation was made to the Legislature for a charter for a, college, but the request was denied! The academy flourished several years, and educated several men of
?romise, but declined about 18]2. Hev. Dr. Holcombe, udge Clay, Mr. Mercer, Joel Early, Sen., Esq., were among the active friends of the scheme. Large con tributions were made throughout the Baptist commu nity,
In 1811 the Mount Zion Academy, and soon after, that at Powelton, were brought into operation. The importance of education now seemed to be more appre ciated ; and academies, both male and female, sprang up in almost every town. The Academies had each the right, by the act of 1792, to purchase, for their use, 1,000 worth of confiscated, property.

Colleges.
I. Franklin College, c-hartered in 1785, opened in 1801. This is a State Institution. First class graduated 1804, consisting of 6 youn>- men. Presidents, Josiah Meigs, 1801 to 1808. John Brown, D. I)., 1810 to 1817. Dr. Finley, 1817 to Sept., 1818. Moses Waddell, D.D.. March, 1819 to 1829. ' Alonzo Church 1819 to 1859, now re signed. Its ftinds, granted by the State chiefly, except

144

COLLEGES.

Dr. Terrell's donation, $20,000, for instruction in Agri cultural Chemistry, are over 306,500, including library, apparatus, and buildings.
II, .Mercer University Iiad its beginning, like the two following, Oglethorpe and Emory, in manual labor schools. In 1833 Mercer Institute was opened at Penfield, the seat of the University, by that untiring man, Rev. B. M. Sanders, and manual labor was continued in the University till 1845. Funds are $155,946.57, be side library, apparatus, and buildings. Mr. Mercer gave 225 shares in Georgia Railroad and State Bank, his li brary, and the residuary of his estate. The Central As sociation gave nearly $20,000. Benevolent persons gave considerable sums. The charter for Southern Baptist College, to be located at Washington, was passed De cember, 1836; but in December, 1837, the Executive Committee was authorized to build up a College, and it was named Mercer University located 6 miles 1ST. Greensboro'. The town is called Penfield. Presidents, Rev. B. M. Sanders, 1838 to 1839 ; Rev. Otis Smith ; Rev. John L. Dagg, D. D. ; Rev. N". M. Crawford, D. D.
III. Oglethorpe University is at Midway, 2 miSes S. Milledgeville. In its incipiency was a manual labor school; begun in 1835. The corner-stone for the Col lege was laid in March, 1837. Its funds are respecta ble over $1.00,000. Presidents, Rev. Carlisle P. Beman, 1838 to 1841 ; Rev. S. K. Talrnage, D. D., 1841.
I"V~. Emory College, is 2 miles 1ST. of Coviiigton, in a town called Oxford. The manual labor school was be-
6un in Marcb, 1835, near Covington. Funds of the ollege not ascertained, but not so large as those of the other three named. Presidents-, Rev. J. A. Few, to 1839 ; Rev. A. B. Longstreet, 1839 to 1848 ; Rev. Geo. F. Pierce, 1848 ; Rev. G. H. Thomas.
V. GJierokee Baptist College, at Cassville. This "was begun in 1854. Its fine brick building was "burned, and another built in 1856-7. Funds, some $20,000 sub scribed. President, Rev. Thomas Rambaut, A. M.
VI. Marshall College was begun in 1854. Rev. J. W.

FEMALE COLLEGES.

145

Attaway and Rev. "W. H. Robert were among the first teachers. It graduated a small class of four, Julj', 1859.
It has a good brick building, but no funds. 93 students last term of 1859. President, Rev. E. A. Marshall, A. M., Chairman, of Faculty.
The Military Institute, at Marietta, owned by the State, has several officers and several students. Major Capers has been recently appointed Superintendent.
Some 30 students dismissed at once for insubordination in 1859.
The Legislature passed an Act last year to appropri ate several hundred thousand dollars as a common-
school fund; but no good system has been devised ;
the poor-school fund has failed to accomplish 'much good.

Female Colleges.
I. Wesleyan, Macon, chartered in 1836, the first in the State, and perhaps in the world; first name was "Female College," and funds contributed by all classes; opened in. 1839 ; Rev. O. L. Smith, President.
II. Southern, Lagrange, begun by J. E. Dawson, 1843; H. C, Brookes.
III. Georgia, Madison, chartered in 1849; G. "W. Brown.
IV. Monroe University, begun in 1850; W. C. Wilkes.
"V. Me&iodist) Lagrange; Rev. W. A. Harris. VI, Methodist, Madison ; James Pierce. VII. Masonic, at Covington; C. Fulton. VIII. Masonic, at Lumpkin; W. H. Vernon. IX. Si/nodical, Griffin -, James C. Patterson.
X. Griffin, Griffin.; W. A. Rogers. XI. Cassville, Cassville ; D. Kelsey. XII. Presbyterian, Rome. XIII Gh-eenesboro*, Greenesboro' ; Homer Hender.
I XIV. Lucy Cobb, Athens. XV. Perry, Perry; H. M. Holtzclaw,

146

FEMALE COLLEGES.

XVI. College Temple, ^Newnan; Kellogg.

XVII. Baptist, Villa Nova; K. D. Mallory.

XVIII. Andrew, Cuthbert; O. P. Anthony.

XrX. Marietta, Marietta; W. H. Robert.

XX. Wood/and, Cedar Town; J. M. Wood.

Those belo\v, it is not known whether all are char

tered as colleges, or all female entire :

Augusta ; Wm. J. Ilard.

Columbus; Tbos. B. SlacLe.

Albany; In graham.

Bamesville ; W. T. Read.

Fort Valley j G-. A. Holcomb.

Sparta.

Culverton, Hancock County.

Turn w old j Putnarn do.

Eatonton j Smith.

Palmetto, Heard

do.

Franklin Seminary, Heard; M. S. JSTall.

Rose Bower, 8 miles ~N. Newman, Coweta;

C. M. Hammond.

Academies and Institutes, some male entirely, some

female, and some mixed:

J3roivmvood, near Lagrange, 20 years old ; "W. Johns.

Another near Lagrange, 15 year? old, begun by Otis

Smith.

Bowdon Collegiate Institute; McDaniel and Richard

son.

Carrolton, Carrol ton, 1858 ; Mr. Leake.

Hearn School, Cave Spring, over 20 years old.

Thomasville, Methodist.

Select Scliool, Macon ; Benj. Pol hill.

clo.

Female ; J. R. Branham.

Thomctston.

Joiieshord1 , mixed ; Caiidlcr.

G^tlhden Central Institute, Methodist.

CuUoden,

do.

Protestant Methodist.

"Washington Institute^ Linlon, Hancock Co.; C. "W.

Stevcns.

Mount Vernon, Riddleville, Washington Co.; Evans.

FEMALE COT.r-EGEH.

147

Warthen's Store, Washington Co. Alexander, Burke Co. Mock Mountain^ Cooper. Eatonion, Male,, Batonton; Hudson.
Mixed, Fayetteville; M. H. Looney. Mount Zion ; Northern. White .Plains, Greene.
Meson, Lexington, (begun in 1806). Washington.
Stiksboro'. Hilliard, near Forsyth, 1858 ; T. G. Scott. Colling s worth, near Talbotton, (15 years old).
Hamilton. Palmyra, Newborn, Newton Co. ; Rev. Mr. Chcenej''. Americus, two or three High. Schools, one called Furlow.
Armuchee Academy, two miles from Dirttown p, o., Chattooga Co.
Subiigna,^ do. post village with a new academy, 12 miles N; Dirttown.
Male and Female schools at ]3"uenavista. , Pineville, nine miles S. ~W., has a large school. Preston, cap. Webster, has two schools. Morgan, Calhoun, has an academy, languages taught; also at Whitney in same county. Oakland Institute at Rowland's Mineral Springs and Ironworks. Brun&wiclc, R. Fleming. There are Academies, in which the learned lan guages are taught, at nearly every Court-house in the State, besides at many country places and villages, as Farmington and Salem in Clark, Social Circle in "WaHoii. It is estimated that we may reckon for each county, two high schools or academies, besides all the common schools ; it is true, several of the lower counties, as _A_ppling, Irwin, Tattnall, Telfair, Bnlloch, Kmarmel, Charlton, "Miller, Mitcholl, Colquitt, Worth, Brooks, Wileox, &c., may have no classical school; yet rlie ~l 32 counties will average two schools each, equal to 264 schools where languages arc taught.

148

SCHOOL STATISTICS.

School Statistics.
[From the Governor's Message.]
Thus far returns have only been received from 102 counties. These returns contain much valuable informa tion. I have had them arranged in a statistical table, which, is in this office, and will be at all times subject to the inspection of Members of the Legislature, So soon as the Ordinaries of the other counties shall have made their returns, the table will be printed, if desired by the General Assembly. The returns from those 102 coun ties, furnish the following among other interesting facts: Whole number of children between the ages of 8 and 18 107,825. Number between 8 and 18 taught in 1859, 67,155; total of all persons taught, 79,922 ; of these 45,090 are males, and 34,832 are females. Whole number of males taugb-t in the elementary branches, 29,238 ; num ber of females, 22,681. Whole number of males taught the higher branches, 8,032 ; females, 7,913. Average tuition, per annum, in the elementary branches, $15.50; in the higher branches, $26.00. Whole number of schoolhouses, 1775 ; number of schools 1777. Number of Methodist Male Colleges,__4, in which there have been taught 358 pupils; Methodist Female Colleges, 4, pupils, 524; Baptist Male Colleges, 3, pupils, 207; Baptist female Colleges, 4, pupils, 322 ; Presbyterian Male Colegcs, 1, pupils, 97; Presbyterian. Female Colleges, 3, pupils, 325; Colleges and High Schools not sectarian, male, 16, pupils,774 ; female,16, pupils, 1,222 ; number of Academics, 57. Out of the 102 counties, 99 have ap pointed boards to examine teachers, and 129 teachers have passed an examination. The Ordinaries of only 49 of the counties of this State, have given bonds as required by the statute for the proper disbursement of the school fund. The remaining 83 have not yet complied with the law in this particular, and will not be entitled to draw the fund until they shall have given bond as directed by the statute. For the benefit of their constituents, Ijshall have the names of the defaulters published soon.

RAILROADS---- HISTORY.

149

Railroads History.
There was a groat deal of talk about railroads as early as 1822 and '3, but in talk it ended. A railroad conven tion was got up at Eatonton, in September, 1831, through the exertions of Charles P. Gordon, Wiley W. Mason, and others. Col. Gumming from Augusta, Major Prince from Macon, Judge Nichols of Savannah, and distin guished men from many counties, were present. Now an impulse was given to the subject. At the next Legisla ture a charter was granted for a railroad from Augusta to Eatonton, but, at the session in 1832, the charter was so altered as to run direct to Athens, with, branches to Eatonton and Madison. This was afterwards extendedto the Chattahoochee. Operations were commenced in May, 1835, and in November twenty-five miles more were let out; this was called the Georgia Railroad. Prior to this, Mr. Davis had obtained a charter for a railroad from Darien to Brunswick, and, by the help of the State, had succeeded in cutting clown the trees and clearing out tlie path.; but his interest was purchased, and in 1835 the charter was so altered as to make a canal instead of a railroad.
The charter of the Central Railroad, i. e., from Savannah to Macon, was granted December, 1833 or '4.
The railroad from Macon to Forsyth, twenty-five miles,
was begun in the winter of 1836.
In December, 1835, the Legislature granted to the
Georgia and Central, and some other railroad companies,
the right to establish banks and issue bills.
Tn December, 1835, Col. T. Butler King obtained a
charter for a railroad from Brunswick to the confluence
of the Flint and Chattahooclice : this "was surveyed in the
winter of 1886-7. Several miles of the Central railroad, from Savannah,
were completed in the spring of 1837, and cars were run ning ; so also of the Georgia railroad, from Augusta.

150

RAILROADS HISTORY.

This latter is intended to be finished to Crawforclville by Christmas, 1837-
I. The Georgia 'Railroad runs from Augusta to Atlan ta, 171 miles; cost $4,000,000. Branch to Athens, from Union Point in Grreene, is 40 miles. Branch to "Warrenton from Gamac, 4 miles, and to Washington, about 18 miles. The cars ran up from Augusta some 25 miles into Colum bia county, in January, 1837 ; to Augustin Grreene's, near Burke's meeting-house, in November. 1838; to Greensboro', in May. 1839 ; and to Madison, in March, 1840; 102 miles from Augusta. The "whole was not completed to Atlanta till September, 1845. Dividend, 1859, 8 per cent.
II. Central Railroad,. The company formed 1836. First of May, 1838, the cars ran 25 miles ; 1st July, 32 miles; by Christmas, it was designed to run 50 miles, The whole was completed to Macon, 192 miles, by Octo ber, 1843. Two branches one from Mitten, in Burke, via Waynesboro* to Augusta, 53 miles, and one from Orordon to Eatoiiton, via Milledgeville, 38 miles, cost, without the branches, about $-1,000,000. Dividend 1859, 20 per cent. Stock 120 to 123.
III. Macon and Western Road.--Macou to Atlanta, 102 miles. The first charter was for a road to Forsyth, some 31 miles. To this spot cars ran about 1840. In 1843 tlie bank connected with the road became deeply in volved. The road was sold in 1845, arid a new company formed, which hastened the concern to Atlanta in 1846. In the fall of 1845, the cars, with locomotive, for first time reached Jonesboro', with a load of Halt. There is a branch frorn Karnesville to Tl 10masto 11, say 18 miles, completed, in summer of 1857. Dividend 16 per cent, on the M'acori and "Western.
IV". Soui/i- Western Railroad.---The company was or ganized in 1.847. It was opened to Oglethorpe, just over Flint river, in Macon county, 50 miles from Macon, in 1851. Here it met difficulties, probably want of funds, and was detained some years. The people supposed it would never be removed. Oglethorpe became a city in

RAILROADS HISTORY.

151

size and in corporation, in 1850.* In the fall of 1857 the cars ran to Albany, which is now the terminus. At Smithville it diverges to Georgetown and Fort Graines, via Cuthbert.
V. Muscogee .Railroad unites with South-western Rail road in. Taylor county, 50 miles east of Columbus, fort Valley, in Houston, is the point where the roads to GoIambus and to Albany diverge. Sonic 12 miles south of Am.eri.cus, on the road to Albany, on the south line of Sumter county, a railroad diverges south-west at Smith ville, and, passing through Dawson, the capital of Xerrell, reaches Cuthbert, where one branch strikes the Chattalioochee, opposite Eufaula, in Alabama, near Georgetown, the capital of Quitmari county: the other turns south west to Fort Gfaines, in CJay county. This road from Smithville was in operation a few miles in 1857. Cars reached Guthberfc in June, 1859, and the river in July, I860.
VI. Atlanta and West/point Road, 87 miles in length, via Newuan and Lagrange. At "\V~estpomt the cars meet those from Montgomery.
VII. The 'Western and Att-aJitic Railroad was chartered

long time, till the people supposed it would never get through the ridge by a tunnel. It was completed to Chattanooga in 1851, 138 miles from Atlanta. A branch runs from Kingston, down the Etow'ah to .Home, 20 miles. Pays over $1,000 per day into state treasury uu-
* The ears reached Ogtcthorpe in Jaly, ISll, then an incorporated town, where A. H. Chappell addressed thousands of people in a large ware house. It was then the county seat, and contained some 2,500 inhabitants, bank agencies to buy cotton, and mighty wealth flitted before the people of the city; but its glory and magnificence faded away as soon as the cars moved on southward. Houses have been sold to planters, and removed to tireir plantations. It is diffioulfc to conceive Iiow every one was deluded, and ld to suppose that the march of improvement would stop at this place.

152

KAILROADS-- HISTOItT.

der Gov. Brown's administration, by Doctor Lewis, superi ntcnden t.
VIII. Savannah and Gul$>h _Road, from the city to the confluence of Ckattahoochee and Flint, thence to
Strike the waters of the Gulph. The cars now (July, 1859,) run over St. Ilia river, within 12 miles of McDon ald, a point in "Ware, where the road from. Brunswick is designed to intersect. By January, 1860, the cars ran to McDonald, 125 miles, soon to reach Valdosta.
IX. Brun^uick J-foad. Gars run on this road into Pierce county, "west of St. Ilia river, some 10 miles, over 85 from Brunswick. The route now is to go direct to
"Waresboi'o', thence to Albany. X. Air Line Road is surveyed from Atlanta, through
Dekalb, Gaiiiesville, Carnesville, and Hartwell, thence into South Carolina.
XI. Macon and Brunswick is now (1859) being sur
veyed. It crosses Ocmulg-ee river six miles below Ma con, is to run through Twiggs, Pulaski, eastern part of Tclfair, corner of Coffee, Appling diagonally, in the
south-east corner of which it crosses Savannah railroad, and strikes the Brunswick railroad near "Wayncville. Grading is begun, and all will be completed in winter
of 1861. Soon, sny in summer of 1861, much will be in running order.
XII. Savannah and Charleston Railroad. Length 102 miles, crossing the Savannah 13 miles above the city, and soon unites with Central road to come into Sa
vannah. Probably all will be completed in winter of
1860. XIII. Proposed ftoads. From Griffin, via Newnan, to
Jacksonville in Alabama, 90 miles. The talking and
paper and puffing work are now in operation, and route surveyed. Grading begun in Griffin, 1st January, 1860. Soon to be graded to INewiian, 30 miles.
XIV. Kailroad from Home, via Cave Spring, to Jack sonville, Alabama.
XV. Railroad from Macon, via Milledgeville, Sparta, "Warrenton. This will no doubt be built.

PROGRAMME OF THE RAILROADS.

153

XVI. Griffin, via Indian Springs and. Monticello, to Madison, 65 miles.
XVII. Railroad from. Hock Mountain, via Marietta, to Jacksonville, .Alabama. Surveyed from. Marietta, via Cedar Valley, to State Line, 5S miles.
XVIII, From Dalton to Home. Work on north, part begun.

^Programme of the Railroads.
1. Georgia Road Augusta to Atlanta, 171 miles : Belair 10 miles, Berzilia 20, Deering 29, Thomson 37, Camac 47, Gumming 56, Crawfordville 64, Union Point 76, Greenesboro' 83, Buckhead 95, Madison 103, Rutledge 112, Social Circle 119, Covington 130, Conyers 140, LAthonia 146, Bock Mountain 155, Decatur 164, Atlanta 171. BrancJies from Double Wells to Washington, 18, and from Union Point to Athens, 40 miles, Augusta depot 147 feet above tide-water, Berzilia 517 feet, Social Circle 890, Atlanta 1,050. 2. Western and Atlantic JKoad--138 miles, Atlanta to Chattanooga: Chattahoochee river 8, Marietta 20, Ac worth 34, Etow'ah river 47, Kingston 60, Williams (Adairsville) 70,. Calhoun 82, Gosteoala (Reasaca) 85, Cross Plains (Dalton) 100, Tunnellville 107, Dogwood (near Ringold) 114, Tennessee -Line 121, Chattanooga 138. Branch from Kingston to Rome, 20 miles. Atlanta 1,050 feet above tide-water, Marietta 1,132, thence a descent to Tennessee river; on Tennessee Line 714 feet above tide-water. 3. Macon and 'Western From Atlanta to Macon 103 miles. Grriffin is 975 feet above the sea 75 lower than Atlanta. Atlanta to Bast Point 6, Rough and Ready 5, Jonesboro' LI 23 miles; Lovejoy's 9, Bear Creek 3, Fayette 4, Griffin 7 43 miles; Thornton 6, Milner 6 55 miles ; half-way station nearly. Barnesville 6, Crogan 5,

154

LIT.EIIATU BE.

Collier's 6, Forsyth 6 78 ; Smarr's 5, Oawford 6, How ard 8 ; Macoti 0 103-
.Brunch from Barnesville to Thomaston, 16 miles. -4. Central Road Telfair 4, Pooler 9, Bloomingdale IS, Eden 20. MarJow 26, Guytan SO, Brewer 35, Egypt 40, Oliver 45, Halcyondale 50, Oameron. 55, Ogechee 62, Shelton 65, Scarborough 70, Milieu 70 ; here a branch diverges for Augusta 53 miles; Gushing ville 83, Herudon 90, Burton 96, Sevastopol, the S. W~. corner of Burke county 99, Bost\vick 103, Spier's 111, stopping place for Louisville; Key West, 114, 13avisboro 122, Powers' 130, Tenuille 134, hitiding for Sandersville; Robinson 14O, near Oconee rivei-, 146, Toornbsboro' 154, Mclntire Io2 (sixteenth station near Trwinton), Gordon 170, Whitaker 175, G-riswold 18], Macon 191. Tennille, near Saodersvillc, 465 iect above tide-water, is the high est point. -Bra-ne/i to Augusta, via Wfiynesboro1 : Millcii to Lumpkin's 10, Thomas 5, Waynesboro 7, Green's 7, McBean 7, Alien's 8, Augusta 10 53. Srandi, to Eaionion,: Gordon to Whiting 9, Milledgeville 8 17; Merriwether 8, Dennis 5, iCatonton 8 33 miles in all.

Literature.
But few authors in our State have attempted to write books, or even pamphlets. It may not be uninteresting1 to call up to memory a few,
1802. jftev, Dr. Hoi comb, of Savannah, commenced a quarterly periodical, of some 40 pa<>-e,, entitled the " Georgia Analytical Hepository," This was literary and religious, conducted with ability, and continued about two years ; it was oise of the first of the kind in the United States.
After 1808, Judge Clxarlton published the life of Gen. James Jackson.
3816. Oapt. McCalJ wrote a History of Georgia, in two

LITERATURE.

155

volumes. This is an interesting and useful work, and deserves to be better known.
Messrs. Russell, a Methodist, and Polhill, a Baptist,
published each a Book on. the Baptismal contro versy.
liev. Dr, Cummins published a pamphlet on Presby terian ism ; in 1820, a Historic Sermon-.
1819- Rev. Jesse Mercer's sermon on the death of Grov. Bsbtt/J, was preached before the Legislature, and by their order published.
1818. Memoirs of Misa Smelt, by Dr. Waddell. 1825. The Baptist Convention published two Disserta
tions and a sermon, by J. Mercer and A, Sherwood ; the sermon was on the education, of the Ministry, and Theo
logical Schools,
In 1825, Dr. Daniel, of Savannah, published a work on ferers, and suggested the use of mustard and pepper tea, instead of so much, drastic medicines; his plan is gain ing with the people.
Dr. Jon.es, of Lexington, published a work on. fevers, specially on the fever which had made dreadful havoc, in Qglethorpe during the fall of that year.
Prior to this, Mr. 13rantlv, of Augusta, bad printed
two or three sermons one on presenting children for prayers, one at the dedication of the Baptist meeting house, one on the proofs of the Christian religion, Trini tarians rational, etc.
The liev. Mr. Kilpatrick printed two sermons- one
on " God's Willingness to save Sinners," and also a Dia logue on Missions, etc., by A. and B.; a very useful publication.
1828. Strictures on the. sentiments of the Kehukee Association, by Nehemiah, were published, and passed
through three or four editions. Wrn. Mosely ? of Henry county, published an Sssay on
Washing the J^aiats'Feet, in which he attempts to show it is an ordinance, and to be administered in connection,
with the Lord's Supper. 1831. J. L. Brookes, of Jasper, published a sermon OD.

156

LITERATURE.

the opposite side. His object is, to prove it is no ordi nance, and has no connection with the Eucharist.
1829. Joseph H, Lumpkin published an Essay on the Sabbath.
1828. Rev. Dr. Cummins published a sermon on the solvability of infants, and their right to the ordinances-, this was answered in 18SO, by Rev. Robert Fleming.
1829. View of the Atonement, by Rev. Cyrus White, of Jasper. His views were supposed to border on Armenianism. He was answered by the Rev. Thomas J. Hand, Rev. Luke Robinson, and Rev. Jesse Mercer.
*R,ev. Mr. Scott published, in Columbus, a work ad dressed to young Christians ; it contains many sensible remarks.
1830. Education sermon before the Baptist Convention at Bethesda.
~*Rev. Mr. Pressly, of Orwinriette, on Baptism as held by Presbyterians.
"^'Rev. Mr. Groulding, on the same subject.
" The Way of Transgressors is Hard," a sermon by J. Shannon,
1832. Education sermon before Baptist Convention at Powelton, by J. Lumpkin.
1833. The Introductory before the Baptist Convention at McDonough.
Rev. Mr. Cassells published a book on the Faith and Practice of the Presbyterian Church.
1835. Mission sermon before the Georgia Association at Augusta.
From 1829 to 1835, Mr. Mallory, of Augusta, pub lished numerous tracts and pamphlets of sterling value; and about 1832, Memoirs of Rev, Edward Botsford a valuable production.
After 1825, the orations delivered before the literary societies at Athens were frequently published : those by Judges Clayton, Wayne, and Longstrcet; Messrs, ISTesbit, Chandler, etc. The one by the last-named gentle-

* The dates of these are not certainly known.

LITERATURE.

157

man was on Kern ale Education, and, of course, popular with the ladies.
In 1836, Col. Ijumpkin's oration before the Societies at the Mercer Institute, was published.
The foregoing is all that memory can, at present, call up, and it is a meagre list indeed. Look at our circum stances : Thirty years have not passed away since civil ization crossed the Oconee westward. Our fathers and brothers have been compelled, while they have felled, the trees and cleared our lands, to stand sentinel, the one for the other ; they have labored, like the Jews in build ing the second Temple, with the hoe in one hand and. the rifle in the other. Literary leisure has riot been afforded them.
But in no country is the spirit of education more roused up. In 1829, the estimate was, that about 27,000 pupils attend our academies and schools : now more than 50,000 are gathering knowledge from those foun tains. Since 1829, too, three colleges have been planned, and over $100,000 secured for each: this in about two years past. A Female College, at Macon, is in progress.
Georgia is not wholly destitute of writers of taste these have furnished contributions for various periodi cals. "Georgia Scenes and Incidents," a facetious work of some 200 pages, ascribed to a gentleman near Augusta, has obtained much favor even, in neighboring States. It represents the customs and manners of former days days when there was less refinement than now. This appeared first in the papers about 1834.
The right to authorship of "My Life is Like a Sum mer Hose," etc.. has occasioned much discussion. It was ascribed to an Irish bard of gseat celebrity in by gone days; to a Greek poet who Nourished before the Christian era ; yet so modest was the real author that he asserted no claims. An English gentleman of distinc tion, who was so much pleased with the poem as to translate it into Greek, when he witnessed the attempts to deprive Georgia of the honor of producing such a poet, made known the original writer. He resides in Augusta,

158

LITE BAT IT RTC.

New List
White's " Statistics/' 1849, 700 pages; valuable workDo., " Historical Collections," 1854 ; fall of in
terest.
" Bench and Bar of Georgia," 1859 ; Biographical Sketches of Judges and Lawyers ; the most distinguish ed men of the profession ; with much other matter. 2 vols. 8vo. 937 pages in all. By Stephen F. Miller, of Oglethorpe, Macon Co. Interesting work.
First vol. History of Georgia. W. B. Stevens. "Law of Slavery," and a " Sketch of Slavery." T. R. K. Cobb, of Athens. " Mysterious Picture," ,1825. By Judge Clayton, of Athens .
" Poems," by J. J. Cassells. " Tallulah, and other Poems," by Judge H. R. Jack son, Savannah. Poems, by Judge R. M. Charlton, Savannah. A work on Austria, by Hon. W. H. Stiles. " Young Marooners," by Rev. Mr. G-oulding. Manolia, by "Wm. Rernbert, The Pastor's Daughter, by Mrs. C. W. Dubose. Works of Mrs. C. Lee Henta. Miranda Elliot ; or, The Voice of the Spirit, by Mrs. S. H. Maxwell.
Prose and Poems, by Miss Gay, Poems, by Miss Sinclair. Poems, by Miss Blount. Manual, by Wrn. M. Reese. Form Book, by R. K. Hines. Georgians, by ex-Governor Gilmer, of Lexington. Analysis and Book of Forms, by T. B,. R. Cobb. Life, Love, and Madness of Torquato Tasso, by Hon. E. II. Wilde. Digest of Laws, by T. B. E. Cobb. Index to Georgia Reports, by do. Work on Slavery (1856), by Ho well Cobb, of Houston count v.

LITERATURE.

159

History of Southern Central Agricultural Society, by

D. W. Lewis.

Fort's Practice of Medicine, by Dr. T. Fort, Milledge-

ville.

Henry Vernort, by James M. Smythe, of Augusta.

Ethel Somers, by do.

Medical work, by Dr. Jos. Jones.

History of Presbyterian Church, by C. C. Jones.

Hist. Instruction of Negroes, Catechism, etc., by do.

Engineering, by Prof. C. F. McCay, of Franklin Col

lege.

Calculus and Civil Engineering, by do.

Manual of Medicine, by Thos. S. Powel.

Work on Baptism, an Answer to a Presiding Elder,

by J. H. T. Kilpatrick.

Progress, by AVm. J. Sassnet.

Sir John Franklin, and other poems, by J. A. Turner.

Physical Manipulation, by J. D. Easter.

Memoirs of Jesse Mercer (1844), by C. D. Mallory.

History of Georgia Association, by Jesse Mercer.

Georgia Baptists, 1847, by Jesse EL. Campbell.

Georgia Pulpit (sermons), 1849, by Robert Fleming.

John's Baptism, 1848, by do.

Biography of B. M. Sanders, by C. D. Mallory.

"

AVimberly, by do.

Manual of Theology, 1858, 2 vols., by J. L. Dagg.

Notes on New Testament, 1857, by Ariel Sherwood,

Origin and Authority of the Bible, by J. L. Dagg.

Value of Sabbath-schools, by C. D. Mallory.

Nature and Means of Sanctiflcation, by do.

Predestination and Perseverance, by P. EL. Mell.

Baptism, by do.

Baptism of Jesus, by N. M. Crawford.

Christian Paradoxes (1858), by do.

Three vols. Sermons (say 1825), by Dr. ICollock.

Southern Arithmetic, bv M, I~I. Looncv, of Fayette-

ville.

The Sisters, Mrs. Martin and Mrs. Eandal, of Greenes-

boro'.

160

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

Georgia Historical Society, one vol.
Election, a discourse by B. F. Tbarpe. Baptism by Pedobaptist Ministers, by Joseph Walker. 1858. Address at Synod, Female College, Griffin, by Judge Nesbit. 1859. Do. Societies of Griffin Female College, by C. W. Howard.
Central Africa, 1856, by T. J. Bowen. A Grammar of Yarroba Language, published by Smithsonian Institute, 1858, by do. Discourse before Baptist Convention, 1859, by C. D. Mallory.
Willie Huard, 1859, by W. J. Hard. Maps of Georgia. Early's, say 1816 ; Sherwood's, small, 1829 and 1837 ; Greene's ; Boimer's, large, 1854 ; Butts', large. 1859.
Sherwood's Gazetteer, 1827-'29-'37. John's Baptism, by J. II. Corley. Many Discourses and Sermons not recollected.

Chronological Table of the Governors of the State of

G-eorgia.

jYames of Governors.

Elected.

Time Expired.

James Edw'd Oglethorpe July 15, 1732 June 9, 1762 Wm. Stephens, act. Gov. July 11, 1748 Ap'l 8, 1751 Henry Parker, act. Gov. Ap'l 8, 1751 Oct. 1, 1754

John Reynolds*
Henry Kl) is James Wright

Oct. 1, 1754 Feb. 15, 1757
Feb. 16,1757 Oct. 31,1760 Oct. 31, 1760 July 11, 1762

J. Habersham, act. Gov. July 2, 1771 Feb. 11, 1773

"William Brwinf

June 22, 1775 Jan. 20, 1776

Archibald BullockJ

Jan. 20, 1776 Feb. 22, 1777

Button Gwinnett John A. Treuilen John Houston

Feb. 22, 1777 May 8, 1777 May 8, 1777 Jan. 8, 1778 Jan. 8, 1778 Dec. 29, 1778

:i Government.

CHBONOLOOICAlj TABLE.

161

John Werriatt*

Dec. 29, 1778 ;.. Nov. 4, 1779

George TValton
Siohard Howley

Nov. 4, 1779 Jan. 7, 1780 Jan. 7, 1780 " 7, 1781

Stephen -Heard

Jan. 7, 1781 Aug. 15, 1781

Nathan Brownson
John Martin
Lyman Hall John Houston
Samuel Elbert
Edward Telfair
treorge Matthews
George ECandly
George Walton
Bdward Telfair
George Matthews
Jared Irvvin
James Jackson

AT ug. 15, 1781

Jan. " " <! " "
"

8, 1782 8, 1788 9, 1784 14, 1785 9, 1786 9, 1787 25, 1788 7, 1789

No" v.

9, 1790 1793

Ja(n( .

15, 1796 12, 1798

Jan. 8, 1782 " 9, 1783

" 9, 1784

'* 14, 1785

" 9, 1786

(l 9, 1787

" 25, 1788

" 7, 1789

N"ov.

9, 1790 7, 1793

Ja"n.

15, 1796 12, 1798

Mar. s, 1801

David Emanuelf
Josiah Tattnall
John Milledge

Mar. No"v.

3, 1801 7, 1801
7, 1802

N"ov.
Sep.

7, 1801 7, 1802 3, 1806

Jared Irwin, Pres. Senate Sep. 22, 1806

Jared Irwin
David B Mitchell Peter Earlv David B. Mitchell

N"ov. " "

7, 1806 9, 1809
1818 1815

N"ov. 41 "

7, 9, 13,

1806 1809 1813 1815

Mar. 4, 1817

William Eabun^:

Mar. 4, 1817 Nov.

1817

William Rabun

Nov. 1817 Oct. 28, 1819

Matthew Talbot
John Clark George M. Troup John Forsyth George R. Gilmer William Lumpkin William Schley

Oct. 28, 1819

No"v.
" " "
"

13, 16,

1819 1823
1827 1829 1831 1835

Nov. 13, 1819

"

1823

"

1827

"

1829

"

1831

"

1885

"

1837

G. B. Gilmer

1837

1839

162

MEMBERS OF COHGRKSS.

Chas. J. McDonald G. W. Crawford G. W. Towns Howell Cobb
H. V. Johnson Joseph E. Brown

1839 1845 1847 1851 1853 1857

1843
1847 1851 1853
1857 1861

Members of Congress from Georgia, from 1774 to 1788.

Abra'm Baldwin, ] 785 '88

!JSTathan Brownson, Arch'bld Bullock,

-. ^? ,~~

Joseph Clay,

1778 '80

William Few, William Gibbons,

i

1780 '83 11778845 ''8808

John Ilabershatn, I.yman Hall, Jolin Houston, William Houston,

TO! '86
1775 '79 1775 '77 1784 '87

Richard Howley, 1780 '81

N. W. Jones,

j

1775 1781

'76 '83

Ed. Langworthy, 1777 '79

W. Pierce,

1786 '87

E-pd,ward, rlpolf.ai. i,

-jj

1777 1780

'79 '83

1778 '79 George Walton, | 1780 '81

Joseph Wood,

1777 '79

John J. Zubly,

1775 '78

Senators from 1789 to I860.

*A. Baldwin,

1799 '07

*John M. Berrvcn, 1835 '29

Win. W. Bibb, 1813 '16

Will. B. Bullock, 1813 '13

*Thos. W. Cobb, 1824 '38

Win. H. Crawford, 1807 '13

*John Blliott,

1819 '35

"" William Few,

1789 '93

*J. Forsyth,

j

1818 1839

'19 '37

* James Gunn,

-j

1789 1791

'90 '01

*James Jackson,

<

1793 1801

'95 '08

*Geors>-e Jones,

1857 '97

*.Tohn"Millodge, 1803 '09

*O!iver H. Prince, 1838 '39

"Charles Tail,

18(19 '19

""Josiali Tattnall, 1798 '89

w. J-roup,

( 1818 '18 -| 1839 '85

*Freeman "V^alkor, 1819 '21

""John Walker,

1790 >91

*Goorge Walton, 1795 '96

""Nicholas "Ware, 1821 '34

John P. King,

1834 '38

""Alfred Cuthbert, 1835 '43

Wilson Lumpkins, 1838 '41

* Deceased.

REPRESENTATIVES.

163

W. T. Colquitt, 1843 '49 R. M. Charlton, 1852 --
J. M. P. Sorrier,, 1847 '53 Alfred Iverson, j -Present
*W. C. Dawson, 1849 '55 R. A. Toombs, \ Senators .

Jlepresentatives from 1789.

Joel Abbott,

1817 '35

*A Baldwin,

1780 '99

William Barnett, 1813 '15

William W. Bibb, 180B '14

Joseph Bryan, 1803 '06

Thos. P. Carnes, 1793 '95

George Cary,

1833 '37

A. S. Clayton,

1831 '35

Howell Cobb,

1807 '18

T. W. Cobb.

j

1817 '21 1823 '24

*Zadock Cook,

1817 '10

Joel Crawford, 1817 '21

*A. Cuthbert,

-J

1814 1821

'17 '27

John A. Cuthbort, 1819 '31

Fetor Early,

1803 '07

John Floyd,

1 827 '39

J. Porsyth,

j

1813 1823

'18 '27

Totnlinson Fort, 1837 '39

Thos. F. Foster, 1829 '35

f 1821. '23

Geo. R. Gilmor, 1 1827 '29 t 1 833 '35

Boiling; Hall,

1811 '17

*S:im'l Hammond, 1803 '05

*Chas. E. H lynes, 1835 '31

*James Jackson, 1789 '91

flames Jonos,

1799 '01

Henry Gr. Ijamar, 1829 '33

W\ Immpkin,

\' (

1815 1827

'17 '31

*Geo. Matthews, 1780 '01

*D. Merriwethor, 1803 '07

Jas. Merriwcther, 1835 '27

( 1703 '93

*Jolm Milledge, } 1795 '99

1801 '02

^Daniel ISTewnan, 1831 '38

*Robert R. Reid, 1818 '33

*Dennis Smelt,

1808 '11

*Thos. Spaldino-, 1805 '08

*Benj. Tiiliafer'ro, 1799 '02

*Ed. F. Tattnall, 1821 '27

"Thomas Telfair, 1813 '17

*\Villiam Terrell, 1817 '21

*Wiley Thompson, 1831 '33

^George M. Troup, 1807 '15

^Anthony ^Vayne, 1791 '92

James M. W^ayne, 1839 '30

""Francis Willis, 1791 '93

( 1815 '17

*R. H. Wilde, \ 1834 '35

i 1827 '33

Julius C. A! ford, 1838 '37

Mimbers ofthe 33'? Congress (1833->35.) *A. S. Clayton, John CottW, T. F. Foster, *H. L. Gamble, *Q. R. Gilmer, Seaborn Jonos, Win. Sohley, J. M. Wayne, *R. II. Wilde.
Deceased.

164

MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.

Members of the 24,th Congress (1835-'37.) Jesse F. Cleveland, *Johri Coffee, *Thos. Glascock, Seaton Grantland, *Charles E. Haynes, Hopkins Halsey, Jabez Jackson, Geo. \V. Owens, *Greorgc ^*V. B. Townes.
Members of the 25th Congress (1837-'39.) *Thomas Glascock, J. F. Cleveland, Seaton Grantland, Charles E. *Haynes, Hopkins Halsey, Jabez Jackson, G. ^V. Owens *G. W.. B., Townes, *"W. C. Dawson.
Members of the 36J& Congress (\ 889-'41 .) Julius O. Alford, E. .}. Black, *W. T. Colquitt, Mark A. Cooper, R. W. Habasham, Thos. B. King, B. A. Wesbit, Lott Warren.
Members of the 11th Congress (1841->43.) E. J. Black, *W. T. Colquitt, Mark A. Cooper, *Thos. F. Foster, *Roger TJ. Gamble, B. \V. Habasham, T. B. King, *J. A. Merri\vether, L. \Varren.
Members of the 28A Congress (184S-'45.) B. J. Black, A. H. Chappell, *D. L. Clinch, Howell Cobb, "Hugh A. Harralson, :i;Jolin H. Lumpkiiis, A. II. Stephens, AVm. H. Stiles.
Members of the 29A Congress (1845->47.) Howell Cobb, *H. A. Ilarralsou, Seaborn Jones, Tlios. B- King, *John H. Lumpkin, A. H. Stephens, Robert A. Toonibs, *George \V.
o"\\Tnes.
Members of the OOtA Congress (1847-'49.) Howell Cobb, I. A. Harralson, Alfred Iverson, John W. Jones, Thos! B. ing, *J. H. Lumpkin, A. H. Stephens, Bobert A. Toombs.
Members of the 31 st Congress (1849~'51.) Howell Cobb, Thos. C. Hackett, H. A. llarralson, T. B. King, Alien J. Owwen, A. II. Stephens, Robert A. Toornbs, M. J. Welborn.
'

, Toombs.
Members of the 34-t7t Congress (1853--'55.) Howell Cobb, M. Crawford, Nathaniel Greone Foster, *John H. Lumpkin, Jas. L. Seward, A. H. Stephens, K. P. Trippe, Hiram War ner.
* Deceased.

THE PRESS.

165

Judges of the Supreme Court.--jEstctblished in 1845.
Joseph Henry Lumpkin, Dec., 1845 ; Hiram "Warner, Dec., 1845 ; Eugoniua A. Nesbit, Dec., 1845 ; Ebenezer Stames, July, 1853; Henry L. Benning, Nov., 1853; Chas. J. McDonald, Jan., 185G.
Present members. Lumpkin, Ii. F. Lyon, and one va cancy. Judge McDonald resigned, in 1859, and Ijintoii Stephens was appointed by the Governor, and he resigned. Lyon was elected in December, 1859 ; vice Judge Benning,
Philadelphia, 177G.---Subscribers to the Declaration of Independence : Button Gwinnette, layman Hall, George Walton.
Philadelphia, 1778.---Who subscribed the Articles of Confederation : Kdward IJaug worthy, Edward Telfair, John Waltort.
Philadelphia, 1787.--"Framers of the Constitution of the United States : Abraham Baldwin, "William. Few, "William Pierce, George "Walton, "William Houston, ISTathaniel P"endleton.
The Press--1837.
" The first press," says Dr. Holmes, in his Annals of America, "sot up in this country, was at Cambridge, Mass., in 1639 ; the first thing" printed was the Freeman's Oath ; the second was an Almanac, and the third the Psalms of David, newly turned into metre."
We cannot be so minute in our statements in regard to the Georgia Fres=. About 1762 or '3, a paper was pub lished in Savannah, called the Georgia Gazette, by Jaracs Johnson. This expired in '99. 1775 there was still but

1

166

THE PRESS.

one paper in the State. In 1810 there were thirteen. Now -there are eighteen weekly, semi-weekly, and daily
papers published.

1. Augusta Uriromcle. -- Tins paper was established
about 1785, now issuing its 44th volume, by J. E. Smith. It has passed through several owners, and now published
by A. II. Pemberton, who offers it for sale. 2. ^Savannah Republican, established in 1798, by Lyon Morse. Now conducted by Frederick S. Fell.
!. Washington News, established in 1800, by Alexan der M'Millan, and called " Washington Gazette." In
1801 it was conducted by Capt. D. P. Hillhouse, and call ed " Monitor." In 1820 it took its present name, and
was edited by Mr. Gieu. In 1827, Mr. Pasteur assumed the duties of its editor.
4. Georgia Journal, established in 1809, by Seaton Grantlancl; in 1819, Camac & Hincs were the conduct
ors; in 1823, Camac & Ragland, who now conduct it. Number issued, 2,500.
6. Savannah Q-eorgian^ established in 1818, by a socie ty of gentlemen. George Harny, Editor. Now conduct
ed by Hobinson & Be van. 6. Southern Recorder, established in 1820, by Grant-
land & Orme, who now conduct it. Number issued, 2,000.
7. Georgia Messenger, established 18th March, 1823, by Major Matthew Robertson. Now conducted by Rose& Slade, price $3. Number issued, 700. The press with "which this paper was commenced had been used to print the Louisville Gazette,, a paper established at Louisville,
say 1796, by Day & Healy. It was changed to "Ameri can Advocate." Then by Wheeler to the " Columbian Advocate." Wheeler died insolvent. In 1820 Major
Pvobinson bought the press and type for $30, at auction, and conducted a paper, called'the " Sentinel,TM a while, and
then exchanged the old types for new, in Philadelphia. Brought the press to Macon, and commenced the " Geor
gia Messenger " with it, and having purchased a new one,

THE PRESS.

167

broke it in pieces. It was an oak press, and made in Eng land,
8. Constitutionalist, established in July, 1823, by "Wil liam J. Bunce, who now publishes it, on Tuesdays and Fridays.
9. Athenian, established in 1827, by O. P. Shaw. Number issued, 500. This paper -was called the " Colum bian Sentinel," in 1824, and conducted by P. Robinson.
10. Statesman and Patriot, established in 1827, by E. H. Burrett. The "Patriot," established in 1822, and " Georgia Statesman," in 1825, were amalgamated to form the "Statesman and Patriot." 11. Georgia Courier, established in May, 1826, by Brantly & Clarke, now conducted by J. G-. M'Whorter, and published on Mondays and Thursdays.
12. Hancock Advertiser, established in 1826, by J. P. Norton, conducted by the same ; price $2 in advance.
13. Macon Telegraph, established in 1826, by M. Bartlett, now conducted by the same. Number issued, 700. Price, $3 in advance.
14. Columbus Enquirer, established in 1827, by M. B. Lamar. Price, $3 in advance. Number issued 600.
15. Jackson Republican, established at McDonough, in 1827, by Minor.
16. Rural Cabinet, established in 1828, by P. Robin son.
17. Savannah Mercury, established in 1828, by G. E. Bartlett.
18. Darien Phcenix, established in 1829.

Newspapersj 1859.

1. DClilies.

Chronicle and Sen tinel, Augusta.

Evening Dispatch ,

do

Constitutionalist,

do

KepiiMican,

Savannah.

Morning News,

do

Times,

Columbus.

Enquirer,

do

Sun

do

Intelligencer,

Atlanta.

State Press

Macon.

2. Tri-Weeklies.

Patriot,

Marietta,

Advocate,

do

National American,

Atlanta,

3. Semi- Week!ies.

Southern Confederacy, Atlanta.

4. Weeklies.

Temperance Crusader, Atlanta.

Gil. Telegraph,

Macon.

168

MINERAL SPRINGS.

Ga. Citizen,

Macon. Upson Pilot,

Thomaston.

Journal & Messenger,

do

Cuthbert Reporter,

Cuthbert.

Christian Index,

do

Express,

Carters ville.

Federal Union,

Milledgeville . Journal,

Clarkesville.

Southern Recorder,

do

News

Lawrenceville.

S. Com. Advertiser,

Rome. Weekly Visitor,

Madison.

Courier,

do

Mountain Signal, Dahlonega.

S. Western News,

Americus. S. Field & Fireside, Augusta.

Siimter "Republican;

do

Corner Stone,

Columbus.

Albany Patriot,

Albany. Herald,

Brunswick.

North "Ga. Times.

Dalton. Literary Casket, Fayetteville.

American Union,

Griffin. Times,

Covington.

Democrat,

do.

Express,

Ringold.

Empire State,

do.

Nineteenth Century, Fort Valley.

Middle Georgian,

do.

Star of the South.

Elberton.

American Citizen,

Westpoint.

5. Si-Monthly.

Southern Banner,

Athens. Spiritualist,

Macon.

Southern "Watchman,

do

Champion,

do

Independent Blade,

Newnan.

6. Monthly.

Banner & Sentinel,

do

Southern Cultivator, Augusta.

Argus,

Bainbridge. Business Director,

do

Southern Georgian,

do

S. Med. and Surg. Journal, do

Palladium,

Lumpkin. Savannah Journal of Medicine, Sa

Standard,

.Cassville. vannah-

Democratic Platform, Calhonn. South Countryman, Marietta.

Waynesboro News, Waynesboro. Medical Journal,

Atlanta. *

Southern Enterprise, Thomasville . Progressionist,

Newnan.

Wire Grass Reporter,

do

College Miscellany, (Female,) Cov

Weakly Gazette, Greensboro'. ington.

S. Ga. Watchman Troupville. Fly Leaf, (Female,) Newnan,

Wilkes Kepublican, Washington. University Magazine, Athens.

Pulaski Times, Hawkiiisville. One at Newnan, by Davis.

Central Georgian, yandersville. do at Waresboro'.

Educational Journal, Forayth. do at Elberton,

Independent Press, Rock Mount'n

.A. few others have boon established since this list was

made out.

Mineral Springs.--There are several of this kind, that are much celebrated for their healing virtues.
The Indian Springs, in Butts county, 7 m. ~W. of the Ocrnulgee, in the fork of two creeks. The chief ingredi ent in the waters is sulphur, though they contain, many others,, and are considered infallible in the most obsti nate cases of rheumatism. They are said also to be a rem edy for the gravel; they cure all cutaneous disorders, and are efficacious in removing the effects of a too liber-

MINEHAL SPRINGS.

169

al use of calomel. This is at present the most fashion able watering-place in the State. From 600 to 00 are frequently here at a time. There are several large hotels, capable of accommodating.1500 persons, besides 30 or 40 cabins, which are comfortable buildings, and rented every year to one' or more families. The treaty by which the late purchase was acquired, was concluded at this place.
Madison Springs, in Madison county, are 23 m. N. W. Athens, 7 !N. W. Danielsville. The waters are strongly impregnated with iron, and are effectual in the care of rheumatism, and cutaneous disorders. This has been, a fashionable resort, but is not at present so much fre quented as the Indian Springs. Here is a spacious ho tel, capable of affording accommodation to 150, or 200 persons. Several lots have been purchased of the pro prietor, and comfortable houses erected on them for a summer residence. A school is kept here during the summer season. People in search of health can find no purer water, nor healthier climate than are found in this section. The soil is very poor around the Springs.
Franklin Springs are 8 m. N. of the above, in Frank lin county ; and the quality of the water is quite similar. Here are several cabins, and many persons resort here to spend the sultry season.
In the neighborhood of Athens are several springs highly impregnated with iron; so much so, as to render the water quite unpalatable.
In Wilkes is also a spring, which formerly was a place of considerable resort.
Cobb's Mineral Spring in Jefferson, has been visited by many.
In Greenc are several springs, having much chalybeate in their waters.
In Wayne county are also mineral springs. In Taliaferro is a spring. In Pike, near the Flint river, is one called the Thunder ing Spring. The waters have effected cures in several ob stinate cases of rheumatism.
8

170

SUMMER BETBEATSj ETC.

Gordon's Sprinys, near Taylor's Sulge, some 8 m. S. of Tunnelville, in S. W. cor. of Whitefield county, formerly Walker, are much celebrated. The accommodations are ample; hundreds of persons spend the hot months in this cool shady valley. Here are some 20springs; some are chalybeate, strongly tinctured with iron, Home are sulphur, and some magnesia. From Taylor's Ridge, just by, the eye can see into North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama. A view here, of the charming and wonderful scenery, is worth a visit, if you have to travel 1000 miles.
Gaioosa Springs are some 2 m. N. of Hingold, in Catoosa county : the buildings are elegant, the mountain scenery, as around Gordon's, is most romantic and delightfu!. About 50 springs arc in this valley, all of a mineral character ; they used to be called Red Sulphur Springs.
Gohutta Springs are in Murray, on the -waters of the Connesauga, 10 m. N. E. Court-house. Many persons visit these waters, though not so accessible as the others.
Powder Springs, in Cobb, 12 m. from Marietta, in the 'Western part. Here is a pretty village, with Academy, Methodist and Baptist houses of worship. Incorporated in 3838.
In almost every county in the Cherokee country, ?'. e.} all N. W. Chattahoochee river, there are springs of va rious medicinal qualities.

Summer Retreats, Objects of Amusement, &c,
These are numerous, and full of interest. It is not nec essary that we puck off to the North, to kill the ennui occasioned by our long summers ; there ure objects of interest enough in our own. State, to detain every patri ot. Let us enumerate some.
1. The Madison ;mcl .Indian springs; Warm springy and Chalybeate, and Limestone springs, in all the upper part of our State: most of them are in spots as healthy as any part of this globe.

SUMMER IlETREATS, ETC.

171

2. There are the Rock, and Currahee mountains; Toccoa. and Tallulah falls; Niekojack, and Walker
cares; and water-falls, and cascades, and caves, and mountains, and valleys, all over Cberok.ee country.
3. Then Ciarkesville, Gainesville, Cassville, Rome,
and other villages, furnish healthy and pleasant places for visitors. Limestone and Chalybeate springs abound near all those places.
Should it be said, polite people cannot be entertained attho.se places,--let it be remembered that for fifty years, there was bat one old Indian hut at the Saratoga
Springs, the most fashionable watering-place in the world,
now containing a population of some 2,000. If you do not spend your summers in the up-country, you cannot
expect the citizens to make preparations for you ; try it one season, and make out the best you can. promising to
return the next, and%-our accommodations will be greatly improved. Several reasons urge this course now, viz;
that you spend your money in your own State ; you can .have your own servants with you, without the danger of a mob. Again, railroads will be convenient, in a short time, for travelling all over the State.
For the benefit of those who have not enjoyed your low country polite society, and who are rather awkward,
clownish hosts, in the commencement, the following old letter, addressed to a cUi tighter, just commencing a pub lic house, is inserted:
HOME, July, 1783. HEAR BESS :--Entering <m a new sphere of business, you will need ad vise. I am an old traveller, and know how to give it. The following remarks regard your treatment of genteel company : others will not ex pect ?o much attention ; 1. Let your house be kept neat. Have your furniture, and rooms, brushed and wiped cvei'y morning. 2. Keep scraper, at the outside doors, and mt at every door. 3. Let your beds have clean sheets for every visitor: this is indispensa ble. 4. Lut your berMcadri he cleansed every March, and you will be sel dom troubled with midtwedes : if vou should he. use quicksilver and tallow. 5. Have your cooking done free from coals and ashes : frequently let your ham and chickens he broiled, instead of fried.

172

COTTON" FACTORIES.

6. Travellers like strong coffee, and well settled : but they cannot en

dure smoky, or greasy tea.

7. Let your water bucket stand so high, that your children shall not

dabble in it.

8. Keep a spit-bos in each room : this will teach vulgar people that

the floors were not made to spit on.

9. In a large establishment, you may have two or three large rooms,

with several beds : but, as a general thing, have small rooms, and single

beds.

,

,

10. Teach all around you to perform their duty in a silent manner ;

let each know the particular ring of the bell for him.

11. Let it be the business of one, to receive strangers, and show them

the common entrance room.

'12. Don't allow your children to examine the baggage of yourgnests;

nor to belch up wind at the tab'e.

13. If you are intent on keeping a still, genteel house, noisy, vulgar

people will soon take the hint, and leave your worthy guests.

14. Furnish your/public rooms with some good books, geographical,

and descriptive works, and papers for the season.

15. If you clear expenses the first season, you should be satisfied ; for

I am certain, unless you have greatly changed for the worse, since you

left -my roof, your winning manners will secure the return of old guests,

and each will bring a new one for the next year.

If you follow the above directions, and such suggestions as will nat

urally arise in your inquisitive mind, your guests will always leave you

-with regret, and hasten to return to your well-managed establishment.

Your loving Father,

JOSHUA CLIFFORD.

Cotton Factories.
Factories.--Factories to make cotton and woollen cloths have been, established in two or three counties; but, ow ing to the high price of labor, they have been but short lived. Since the late tariff, however, they have begun to start up in several places.
In 1810, the Wilkes Manufacturing Company was in corporated, with a capital of $10,000. About this time, one was brought into operation on Little river, in Mor gan, but they were short-lived. About 1828, one was erected 4 miles below Athens, on the Oconee, by Judge Clayton arid others, and it was found profitable. In 1830, another was erected at Athens, which was burned soon. after its operations were commenced; it was, however, rebuilt. After this, the number began to increase, and the capital invested has been very productive.

COTTON FACTORIES.

173

The following is the best list to be procured (1837): 1 four miles below Athens. 1 at Athens. 1 two miles south-west of Athens, on the middle branch
of the Ocon.ee. 1 twelve miles west of Athens, on the Appalachee, at
the high shoals. 1 eighteen miles below Athens, in Greene, at the Scull
shoals on the Oconee. 1 three miles west of Eatonton, on Little river.
- 2 in Upson county, on Potatoe creek.
1 three miles above Columbus, on the Chattahoochee. 2 ten miles south-west of Augusta, on Spirit creek.
One of these was in Jefferson county, but removed.
1 on the Ogechee, nine miles above the shoals, in War ren. This is owned by Mr. Shivers,
1 in Newton county, three miles south-west of Coving-
ton, on Yellow river. 1 in Upson has but 500 spindles, the other 1,000. The
others are all probably larger. , That near Eatonton con sumes about 600 bags of cotton annually; about half the
products is sold in yarn, and half in cloth. Much of the cloth is heavy, say two yards to the pound. The num ber of spindles is 1,920, besides a mule and a machine to card wool. A good deal of winter cloth, with cotton
warp and woollen woof, is made, and sells rapidly. Price of the woollen is about 45 cents; of the coarse cotton, 17 to 18.
Manufactures.--Leather, shoes, hats, carriages, saddles, cabinet work, cotton and woollen cloths. &c., are manu factured throughout the State. But little is manufac
tured in the southern section, even for the blacks; but homesp un in the upper sections is worn by the most wealthy and respectable inhabitants. Much, however, is
imported for every part of the State. The Governor's Secretary writes, (1859,) that the num
ber of factories is estimated at about 60. After examina
tion from books and papers, only about 43 could be found.
Estimated in 1855 at 43: Chattagoo, 1; Clarke, 3, and a

174

COTTON" FACTORIES.

paper -mill; Gobb and Milton, 2, and a paper-mill; Butts, 1; Baldwin, 1 ; Bibb, 1; Campbell, 1; Hancock, 1; Houston, 1; Grreeue, 2; Merriwether, 1 ; Morgan, 1; Muscogee, 4, and a paper-mill; Newton, 3; Upsoti, 4; Putnam, 1; Richmond, 4; Troup, 1. Woollen, facto ries in. Jones, Jackson, and other counties; some cotton factories not reported.
Goal -Mmes.--Ool. M. A. Cooper's and Rev. Zach. Gor don's are in the north part of I>ade,- this coal is bitumi nous, not anthracite; but excellent for fires and for work ing railroad iron. Col. Cooper has constructed a railroad 5 miles long from the State road to his iron-works.
The Slate Quarry in Polk county is a most valuable acquisition. It is situated about. 20 miles south-west of Cartersville, which is on our State railroad, and the slate can be laid down at your door on the railroads at from $10 to $12 per square of 100 feet. No public building that contains valuable property, or records, should be covered with shingles. The proprietors pledge them selves to furnish it as cheap as a tin roof.. Address J. F. Dever, Vanwert. S. Jones also has a quarry near.
Marble Quarries are found in Pickons and several other counties. Statuary marble, said to be as good and polish as beautifully as any in Italy, is found in Pickens, near Harnageville, south-east part. Rock mountain affords much marble; Richmond produces large quantities.
Iron- Works.--Etow'ah and Altoona Iron works are in Cass. In Murray and other counties iron, is wrought. The number of tons could not be ascertained; many thousands.
There were forges to melt ore and make iron years gone by at the fork of Briar creek, in Warren, in Jackson, and other places; but the matter declined entirely till since 1830. Near Clarksville is a forge, where thousands of tons are prepared every year. The Cherokee country is said to abound in iron ore ; copper in Cass and others.
The Atlanta Rolling Mill. --Messrs. Blake, Scofield & Markham are the proprietors and operators of the Atlanta (Gra.) Rolling Mill. A correspondent of the Albany (Gra.)

REVOLUTIONARY FACTS.

175

Patriot furnishes the following relative to their enter prise: -
Their business is the re-rolling of wornout railroad
iron. Capital invested, $125,000. They employ 130 hands, and work night and day. They burn 82 tons of coal per day, costing $5 per ton. They roll 80 tons of
iron per day, which pays $30 per ton. They pay Mark A. Cooper for new iron for working with old rails, about $2,500 per month. They pay hands every two weeks from $1,800 to $2,500. The power used is two engines, one of 100 horse-power, and the other of 24 horse-power.
Copper -Mines are found in Fanaia, Ckerokee, and other counties. In Cherokee they are wrought and well reward
the proprietors.
Gold was first discovered in Sabersham about 1828.
The work was prosecuted, and, by the summer of 1830, $230,000 worth was obtained in Habersham, Sail, and Gherokee counties. Parts of the Cherokee country were divided into 40-acre lots ; the balance into squares of
202^ acres. The counties where the principal part of the gold has been found, are Lumpkin and Garroll, though in those contiguous, considerable quantities have been dug. One 40-acre lot in Lumpkin -was sold by the for
tunate drawer for $30,000 1 The value of the gold dug in tlie State, and carried to
the mint in Philadelphia, up to 1832, was $528,000;
amount dug in the last twenty years estimated at $8,000,000.
See Mineral Resources.

Revolutionary Facts.
1773.---Doctor Franklin was appointed agent to rep resent the wants and wishes of the Colony, in Great Britain.
1774. January.---Sherrill's Fort was attacked by a party of Creeks.
July 14.--A publication, requesting the people to as semble in Sayannah, appears in the Georgia Gazette:

176

REVOLUTIONARY FACTS.

the object was, to enter into such resolutions as other

Provinces had in regard to the hostile attitude of. Great

Britain.

August 10.--The people met the third time, and ap

pointed a committee to receive subscriptions for the suf

fering citizens of Boston.

1775. January 18.--Deputies met in Savannah, on

the subject of grievances from the crown, but accom

plished nothing.

March 21.--Dr. Lyman Hall was elected to Congress

by the inhabitants chiefly of Liberty county.

July 15.--Delegates met at Savannah, and chose six

members to Congress.

November 25.--Snow fell 18 inches deep.

1776.--Col. John Baker marches to St. Mary's, in

order to dislodge a band of loyalists, but, by the treachery

ol two men, who stole most of the horses in the night,

the expedition was unsuccessful.

,

Col. Jack destroys the crops and houses of the Chero-

kecs, on Tugalo and Chattahoochee rivers : they had

previously murdered many families. Capt. Clarke, in

escorting provisions for Jack's army, is attacked by a

body of Indians, but, after an hour's contest, they were

compelled to retreat.

1777. February 17.--Fort Mclntosh, on the St. Ilia,

was attacked by Cols. Brown, Cunningham, and McGirth,

and was nobly defended by Capt. Kichard Winn. He

afterwards surrendered, and being left exposed, as he

feared, to the Indians, he aroused his men in the Bight

and reached Fort Howe.

In this month the Constitution of the State is formed,

by a Convention at Savannah.

Mr. Bullock dies, and Mr. Gwinnette is elected Gov

ernor. Disputes between the Governor and Gen. Lachlan

IVTdntosb.

Cols. Baker and Elbert meditate an expedition against

St. Augustine, and pass beyond the St. Mary's. Com

pelled to retreat without effecting their purpose.

July.--Indian's kill Delk's family near Ogechee river.

r

REVOLUTIONARY FACTS.

177

1778.--Unsuccessful attack upon the enemy near Alli gator creek.
November.--Battle at Midway, and Gen. Scriven kill ed. Col. White pursued by the British ; at the Midway Meeting-house wrote a letter, which fell into the hands of the British commander, and so alarmed him that they dared not pursue the Americans much further, though they were double in number.
November 25.--Col. John Mclntosh is requested to surrender the fort at Sunbury, but he answered Col. Fuser, "Come and take it ;"but this he did not attempt, but retreated towards Florida.
December.--British ships appear off Tybee. John Milton, Secretary of State, is ordered to remove the public records : they are taken in boats to Purysburgh. It was supposed the British had abandoned their intention of attacking Savannah, and the records were ordered to be returned ; but Milton disobeyed the order, and soon the fleet is seen off our coast--Savannah is taken.
1779. January.--Sunbury is taken by Provost. February.--Battle at Burke Jail. Brown commanded the British, and was twice defeated by Twiggs and Few. Augusta falls into the hands of the British. Battle at Kettle creek. March.--General Ash defeated on Briar creek. June.-- Col. Twiggs defeats Mullen on Ogechee, and McGirth on Buckhead creek, in Burke. October.--The Americans, assisted by a French fleet, attack Savannah, but are repulsed with great loss. Pulaski and Jasper are killed.
1780. September.--First siege of Augusta, under Col. ,Clarke ; it proved unsuccessful.
1781. May.---Stores, ammunition, &c., taken from the British, by Capfc. Rudolph, at Fort Galphin, several miles below Augusta.
June 5.--Augusta surrendered to Capt. Rudolph.

178

RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.

Receipts and. ^Disbursements at the Treasury.

Of the receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year

1859, there was received : On account of the General Tax, 1858..... $379,614 84

Not earnings of the W. & A. Eailroad. .. 420,000 00

Tax on Bank Stock .................... 33,417 52

Dividends on Bank Stocks. ............. 25,005 00

Tax on Railroads......................

8,026 56

Tax on Lotteries ......................

2,000 00

Receipts from U. S. Military Claims... . . . 5,323 09

General Tax, 1859 ..................... 1,500 00

From miscellaneous items............... 6,883 93

Sale of Bonds to the Atlantic and Gulf Rail1

road ............................. 151,108 33

Total Receipts. .................. .$1,032,879 27 Add to this balance the available funds in
the Treasury, 21st October, 1858. .... 130,354 65

And we have a total fund of....... .$1,163,233 92

It will be seen that the increased receipts of the

"Western and Atlantic Railroad, this year over last, are

$220,000.

Of the disbursements of the Treasury during the same

time, there has been paid :

On account of Civil Establishment, 1858. . $15,507 13

Contingent fund, 1858..... 5,818 30

Printing fund, 1858 .......

1,867 02

Poor-School fund, 1858 .... 29,569 00

Civil Establishment, 1859.. 48,841 32

Contingen^fund, 1859. . . . . 9,045 92

Printing fund, 1859. ....... 17,203 00

Over-payments, 1859...... 3,145 24

For pay of members and officers of Legis

lature, ........................... 95,529 40

For redemption of the Public Debt not due, 99,250 00

do

do do

due, 50,565 00

BECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.

179

For interest on

do do.........

" subscription to Atlantic & Gulf Rail'd

" Lunatic Asylum--for buildings ......

" do

do --pay of Com'rs of build-

support of pauper patients

do

salary of superintendent. .

do

do officers and ser-

vants ............................

Deaf and Dumb Asylum--for support

of pupils...................... i ..

Academy for the Blind--for buildings

do

do

support of pupils

Penitentiary--for buildings..........

Georgia Military Institute, support of

cadets ...........................

Taking State census, 1859...........

For purchase from the Penitentiary of

good Bonds of BaiVds of other States

Penitentiary--for purchase of provi

sions .............................

other miscellaneous appropriations,

138,677 48 150,000 00
14,500 00
5,000 00 9,577 88 1,800 00
10,000 00
9,000 00 30,000 00
5,000 00 15,000 00
2,000 00 22,835 87
36,750 91
2,500 00 45,482 50

Total...................... .$874,465 92

180

THE PUBLIC DEBT----IN BONDS,

The Public Debt--In Bonds.

Since the payment of the bonds due this year, and the

redemption, by order of your Excellency, of $99,250 of

seven and six per cent, bonds, due in the years I860,

1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871,

1872 and 1873, the public debt in bonds of the State is as

follows :

Due in 1860, 7 per cent. Central R. bonds $ 7,000 00

1861, " do do do

12,000 00

" 1862, " do do do

52,000 00

" 1862," do. ................. 100,00000

6 do.................. 20,000 00

" 1863," do. ................. 55,00000

" 1863," do., now rdeemable. . . . 62,500 00

" 1865, " do.................. 25,000 00

" 1868," do., now redeemable. .. 205,000 00

1860, " do.................. 272,500 00

" " 5 do.................. 72,000 00

1870. 6 do.................. 150,250 00

1871. " do.................. 161,500 00

1872." do. ................. 625,50000

" " 7 do., redeemable in 1862, 100,000 00

1873. 6 do.................. 173,000 00

1874. " do.................. 80,000 00

" " 7 do.................. 181,500 00

1878. 7 do.................. 100,000 00

" 1879," do. ................. 150,00000

$2,604,750 00 Amount subscribed, but not issued ........ 250,000 00
pledged conditionally ............ 500,000 00

Total......................... $3,354,750 00

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.

No

Presidents.

-

1"So|

Residence. Born. '5 'So'>*0!

Died.

Vice-Presidents.

<?^

tc O

Ha

1 G eorge Washington. ...... Virginia. ....... 1732 57

17S5

174S CD

5

6 James Madison. .......... Virginia. ....... 1761 S8

r..

James James

Madison........... Monroe. . .........

Virginia.

.......

1758

fiS

1110. John Quincy Adams. ..... Massachusetts.. . 1767 68

Andrew Jackson.....

Martin Van Buren... Sew York. ....

14. William Henry Harrison*. Ohio ........... 1773 ffi

51

James K. Polk....... ...

49

Millard Fillmore.. ....... 17 Franklin Pierce.......... New Hampshire . 1801 18. James Buchanan. ........ . Pennsylvania. . . 1791 65

8 Decemb'r 14, 1799 m John Adams, ...... 1789

ftl

1797

K

George Clinton.. ... 180S

8 June 28, 1836. . . . S5 George Clintonf- > 1809

Bldridge Uerryf... . 1813

B

Inly 4, 1831......

7?

Daniel D. Tompldas 181V
\m\

4 February 28, 1848 80 John C. OalhoiiQ. . . 1826

78
Martin Van Buren.. 18SS R. 51. Johnson. . . . . 18S7 April 4,1841.... RR JohnTyler........ 1841
1841
M George M. Dallas. . 1849 18SO
William R. King.. . . 1853 J. C. Breckinridge.. 1857

* Died In office, and succeeded by the Vice-President.

182

NATURAL HISTORY.

Natural History.
ZOOLOGY.--The AJMgaior, a loathsome amphibious ani mal, and the ugliest creature that crawls or walks on this earth, infests the rivers of Georgia. It has been found in the neighborhood of Milledgeville, and even in Murder creek ; but does not frequent the upper parts of the State. In 1800, Mr. Ellicott opened several of them, and found in their stomachs wood, charcoal, and various indigestible substances. It is supposed they swallow these substances in order to prevent the parts of the stomach from collaps ing during the dormant state, when they take no suste nance.
The largest alligators are 16 feet long. Before stormy weather, they make a singular roar or bellow.
When killed, the body emits an intolerable smell of musk, and it is asserted that its head contains a quantity of that drug. They will chase children, and a negro girl was so much injured by one, that it became necessary to amputate her arm. It is difficult for them to overtake that which they would devour, because they cannot make a quick lateral movement, or change their direction. They are destructive to calves and pigs, and their skins are good for tanning. It is said a rifle ball will glance from their bodies, unless it goes.in a particular direction.
The Opossum is a singular animal, about the size of the woodchuck of the northern States, and of a light greyish color. It climbs trees, and is very fond of poultry. It has ten or twelve young at a time, and, when attacked, these hide themselves in a kind of pouch which nature hSs provided under the abdomen of the dam. It is a most de ceitful little rogue, and as soon as caught bv the dog, pre tends to be dead. This circumstance has given rise to an expression in the country, in regard to any individual who feigns himself sick, or what he is not really, uffe is play ing 'possum with you."
The Gfopheris a species of the land-turtle,'burro wing in the ground in. the low country. It is able to walk with a heavy man on its back.

NATURAL HISTORY.

183

The Coach-whip Snake is a curiosity. The head and a part of the body are black, and the tail brown, resemblingvery much a carriage-whip.
The Glass Snake is from one to two feet long, and of a grassy green. At some seasons of the year, take it up, and, falling, it breaks into many pieces; and it is said that, after you leave the snake, the parts find each other, co alesce, and the reptile crawls off!
OKNITHOLOGY.--The Mocking-bird^ ( Turdtis Polyglottas) peculiar to the southern States, may be properly denomi nated the nightingale of America. The color of the bird is apale blue, with white stripes on its wings, and its size and form do not differ much from those of the J3lue Jay, as it is called in New York. He has a variety of notes, and though he sings no regular and continued strains, he makes a great deal of music. If he could modulate his voice a little better, he would be the most melodious songster in the world. When the moon shines brightly, he frequently sings the whole "live-long night."
The Red bird is one of the most beautiful of his species. The male is of a deep scarlet color, with a tuft upon his head, and about as large as the robin. He whistles as plainly as the mocking-bird or parrot, chatters a great deal, and has occasionally one very sweet note. The fe male is rather a brownish red, and. though not destitute of voice, seems to think that wliistHng is not becoming her sex.

Character, -manners, customs, and amusements.--The people are generally polite and affable in their manners, and hospitable even to a fault. The distinction into classes ofsociety, which obtains in the northern States, is unknown in Georgia; a man in homespun is as good as one in silkor broad-cloth. There is a bold independence of charac ter among the poorer classes truly republican and praise worthy. This trait no doubt derives its perpetuity from the fact that every man is a land-holder, and has the means of living in his own hands : he is not compelled to submit to the dictum of a lord of the soil for permission to work his lands.

184

ANTIQUITIES.

Drinking, and cursing, and Sabbath-breaking are bad habits among us; but the former, "within ton years past, has greatly abated.
Dancing, chicken-fighting, and horse-racing used to be favorite amusements. The first two are out of fashion very much now ; the latter seems to be growing again into greater use. A vivid picture of our former manners and customs may be seen in a work, published in Augus ta, some years ago, entitled " Georgia Scenes and Inci dents," and ascribed to the pen of Judge Longstreet.
Divisions.----The State is now divided into 132 coun ties. These counties are also subdivided into militia dis tricts, being from 8 to 12 or more in each county. In each of these districts is a captain and a company of militia.

Antiquities.
That Georgia was settled in many parts by a race of civilized people, long before the existence of General Oglethorpe, admits of not the shadow of a doubt. In Greene, H:mcock, Bibb, Coweta, Habersham, Dekalb, an'd other counties, are the remains of forts and tumuli, which existed so long .ago, that the present tribes of In dians are unable to give any account of their origin, even through the uncertain medium of tradition.
An intrenchment in Coweta, covers, in a circular form, seven or eight acres, surrounded by a ditch. The site is well suited for the defence of those "within, being on a neck of land, betwixt two creeks, safely pro tected.
On Shoulderbone creek, in Hancock, on Mr. Shivers' plantation, are three mounds, tbe largest of which povers an acre and a half, and is fifty feet high. This is sur rounded by a regularly-constructed intre*ichment, pro jected find executed, upon the best rules of fortification. The ditch, which is in the form of a parallelogram, is not yet filled up, and, before the land was cleared, was three feet deep. Ten years ago several persons were deter-

ANTIQUITIES.

185

mined to see what was contained in the mound ; but their patience was exhausted by a few days' labor. Ten feet from the top, they passed through, a smooth dirt floor, which was evidently that of a large tenement, since caved in. There is another mound about two hundred yards distant, and seems to have been for the purpose of protecting the spring.
The large one, when covered with grass or oats, has an enchanting appearance. In the extensive low grounds of the creek, it seems like a verdant island, ris ing from the bosom of the ocean.
In the vicinity of Macon are several, the largest of which is about half a rnile below the bridge, on the east side of the river, and is in the shape of a cone flat tened at the top. This rests on more than an acre of ground.
In Grreene, near the rnouth of Harris's creek, 10 miles above Greenesboro', on the east side of the Oconec, are several mounds and forts. Near a fort an iron claw hammer was found in 1787, just after the country was settled, and well burnt brick were plowed up! On the forts were trees at least 200 years old.
A cedar post, of octagon form, was standing in a small fort at the Cherokee Corner, with a cross cut on it, long before the land was ceded by the Indians.
Hammers, swords, gun-locks, etc., have been found in various sections of the State, in the first settling of them.
Curious Discovery.--In 183-1, a subterranean Indian village was discovered in Nacoochee valley, in Georgia, by gold miners, while excavating a canal for the purpose of washing gold. The depth to which it is covered varies from seven to nine feet; some of the houses are imbedded in a stratum of rich auriferous gravel. They are thirty*four*in number, built of Jogs, from six to ten inches in diameter, and from ten to twelve feet in length. The walls are from three to six feet in height, forming a continuous line of street of three hundred feet. The logs are hewed and notched as at the present day. The

186

ANTIQUITIES.

land beneath which, they are found, was covered, at the first settlement by the whites, with a heavy growth of timber, denoting the great antiquity of those buildings, and a powerful cause which submerged them. Cane
baskets and fragments of earthenware were found in the rooms ; the houses are situated from, fifty to one hundred yards from the principal channel of the creek. A great number of curious specimens of workmanship have been found in situations which preclude the possi
bility of their having been moved for more than a thou
sand years; among these, half a crucible, of the capac ity of nearly a gallon, ten feet below the surface, and immediately beneath a large oak tree, which measured
five feet in diameter, and must have been four or five hundred years old. The soil is diluvial, or what may be
termed table-land. The stratum, of quartz gravel, in which the vessel was imbedded, is about two feet in thickness, resting on decomposed chloride slate. It is not difficult to account for the deposit of those sub
stances in an alluvial soil; for the hills are generally very high and precipitous, and from, the immense o^uan-
tity of rain which falls, the streams are swolJen to a great height, sweeping everything with them, and fre quently forming a deposit of several feet in thickness in
a season. " A vessel resembling a double mortar was found in Duke's creek, about six inches in. diameter, and the excavation on each side nearly an inch in depth, basin like, aud. perfectly polished. It was made out of quartz, which had been semi-transparent, but had be
come stained with the iron, which abounds in quantity in all the country. Iri the bottom of each basin was a small depression, half an inch in depth, and about the
same in diameter. What its use could have been is difficult to conjecture. The high finish and its exact
dimensions, induce the belief that it is the production, of a more civilized people than the present race of Indians.
But how shall we account for these wonders ? This, no doubt, is a difficult task, and one.which the reader

ANTIQUITIES.

187

has no right to demand of the author; it is sufficient for the design of his book to state facts, and leave it to his wise readers to form their opinions in regard to them as they please. He will, however, leave a few suggestions on this subject.
There are three kinds of mounds in our State,---the large ones described above, smaller ones, containing human bones and Indian implements of war, and regular fortifications. These last were, without doubt, con structed by European adventurers, either before or after Columbus visited our shores. In his History of North Carolinaj W^ilHamson has in substance this passage: " Ferdinand de Soto landed in Florida in May, 1539, with 600 men and 200 horses. This adventurer had served with Pizarro in South America, and shared the spoils of Peru. He came in quest of gold, not with any design to plant a colony. He passed the second winter among the Chlckasaws, who had the address to get some of his horses. He crossed the Mississippi, and died on Hed river,"
Tradition informs us that a number of persons from Wales passed a winter in Georgia, and made potash.
A. learned sa,vctnt of Copenhagen, has given us assur ance, lately, that he has in his possession manuscript de scriptions of America, written by adventurers who had visited it in the latter part of the tenth century ! "It was in the y^ar 985 that America was first discovered by Biaske Herjeufsen; but he did not land. In the year 1000, or perhaps earlier, the coast was visited by Lei/, a son of Erik the Red, who first colonized Greenland." Now, if these documents be genuine, the conjectures of antiquaries about our mounds and fortifications will be over. The great difficulty has lain in assuming it as a fact, that Columbus first saw the new world. This is the logic employed : America was not discovered till 1492 ; the Indians were then on the soil; the mounds must have been constructed by a civilized people, at least 300 years ago ; but there were no civilized people living in America 300 years ago; therefore, all is vague

188

MINERAL RESOURCES OP GEORGIA.

conjecture. JSut if the learned Dane shall show that civilized people were here as early as the year 1000, then we can account-for these artificial tumuli.
Evidences that the Ocean once overflowed the South eastern part of the State.--In the S, E. corner of Burke,
is a spot called Shell -Bluff] which is composed of oyster shells, 80 feet deep, on the bank of the Savannah. At Hartford are great quantities of sea-shells. Millstones are prepared in Burke, and the quarry from which they
are dug is formed of sea-shells. These millstones are full of petrified oysters, conch-shells, etc. A rotten lime stone, formed of vegetable productions and sea-shells^
pervades all the lower counties in this State; and, as deep into the earth as man has yet penetrated, sea-shells
are to be found.

Th.e Mineral Resources of G-eorgia.
The magnitude of the Mineral Resources of Northern Georgia, is but little known to, and less appreciated by, the people of our State. 3STo estimate is put on them, even by the people of Cherokee, within whose limits they are found in such rich abundance. Iron, Gold, Copper, Plumbago, chiefly, "with traces of Lead,-Silver, Cobalt, and Tin and Marble, and Slate, in great quantity; for the devel opment of these, but little is done, except in Gold ; Iron, Marble, and Slate. Products of these are being furnish ed daily. The most important of these is Iron, because most useful. Wt propose to consider the resources of this metal in Northern Georgia, its products as manufac tured, and the interest that Georgia, as a commonwealth, has in it.
With no little opportunity to observe, we have ven tured the assertion, that the resources of Northern and Western Georgia, in Iron Ore, are superior to any por tion of the Union. That they are found better than any in the Middle or Eastern States, is beyond doubt. That they excel those of the Western States, not excepting

r

RESOURCES OF GEORGIA.

139

Missouri, with her far-famed Iron mountain, is maintained by competent Geologists who have examined both.
This Iron district lies north-east and south-west, coming down from North and South Carolina, into Babun. and Habersham counties, through this part of Georgia, to Alabama, in Chattooga, Floyd, Paulding, and Polk coun ties. It passes through the intermediate counties, com prising a belt of fifty or seventy-five miles--the best sup ply and most convenient locality for it, being Cass OOUD ty. This connty alone, it is believed, has concentrated in its limits as much Iron Ore as all Pennsylvania to gether, and is of superior quality. -Here are found the chief operations in Iron of the State of Georgia. This Iron and. Gold region of Georgia, (they lie contiguous,) is traversed by the Etow'ah river, from its source to its junc tion with the Oostenala at Rome.
That part which lies in Cass county has been par tially explored by the Geologists, who are familiar with all the remarkable localities in the Union. To enable the people of Cass county, and of Cherokee, as well as the Statesmen of Georgia, to estimate the worth of its sec tion, we cannot do better than to give the published opinion of such men, taken, from a book of highest au thority, recently published. " The Iron-Master's Guide," speaking of the Ore of Cass county, says :
" Of the wonderful profusion of these Ores, and of theirt richness, I can, unhesitatingly, speak in the highes terms ; and the best varieties and largest quantities I saw, were among these, within two or three miles of the Etow'ah river, where it is crossed by the railroad. I have visited almost all the great Iron Ore deposits of the United States; I have explored the beds of the Iron mountain of Missouri, but have never been so impressed by any exhibition of Ore, as by the Mines of the Etow'ah district. They pass along within from one -to five miles of the great Limestone formation of Cass county, so that this essential material for flux, in the making of Iron, will everywhere be conveniently supplied. They are near a rich Agricultural district, where provisions

190

MISraRA.Ii HESOTJRCES OF GEORGIA.

can be afforded at the cheapest rates ; and yet they ex tend into the heart of the Allatoona chain of hills, where the air, in the heat of summer, is most salubrious, and
the climate, like that of the table-lands of Mexico, perfectly healthy. "WKcre tho Etow'aH river has "broken, through. these hills, the high ledges of rock still resist its progress,
and a succession of falls over them, furnishes abundant water-power for the most extensive works.
" A_ large portion of this region is covered with a heavy growth of good, hard-wood timber--the original unbrok en forest. The best of Charcoal was offered at the Fur
nace in 1842 for 3 cents per bushel." Such is the recorded opinion of competent men, -who
have examined our county. Wood is still abundant,
and Charcoal at 4 cents per bushel. Stone Coal and Coke can be had in full supply, at three and a half dol
lars per ton. The Iron Ore here, as developed to date, is more wonderful. It reduces remarkably easily, requiring
only 150 to 166 bushels of charcoal to a ton of pig metal-. It makes Bar Iron, in quality, like that of Salisbury and Peru, yielding sixty per cent, of Iron from the Ore. It makes a superior quality of Steel. For this purpose, a
ton of Etow'ah pig metal has been fully tested in England, and files and cutlery of the best quality were made, and sent to us as samples, with a report in full from the Eng>
lish manufactory, classing our Iron and Steel made from. it, amongst the first.
We will next consider the progress in manufactures of
Iron in the Etow*ah district. In speaking of the opinions of competent Geologists, as
recorded in the book referred to, touching the compara
tive values of the Iron Ores of Georgia, we ought not topass by what is said concerning the Iron Ores in Chero-
kee and Gilmcr counties.
Of these he says : lt Beyond the Furnaces " ( Lewis & Ford's Furnaces) " to the north-east, the Ore is found in
even greater quantities than before noticed. Upon a high, knob, eight miles from the river (Etow'ah,) is a
greater show of it than I have seen at the famous Iron

MINERAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA.

191

mountain of Missouri." Of the vicinity of Sharp moun tain, he says: " The quantity here, too, upon Sharp mountain, within six miles of the river, is enormous."
Passing through, Lumpkin county, he might have said the same of the bills and mountains there.
Who, in Europe or America, that considers these sub
jects, has jiot heard of the "Pilot Knob," and "Iron moun tain " of Missouri, so famous for Iron Ore ? And we have greater than those in Cass county--greater in Cberokee, Gilrner, and Lumpkin counties--and yet it creates no sensation in Cherokee, Georgia--is not known, or
cared for by our Legislators and Statesmen at Milledgeville. They axe not prompted to appoint a competent
man to examine and report the facts! Hundreds of thousands of dollars are invested in Fur
naces in different States, relying n those localities in Missouri to keep them going. Millions of tons of the raw Ore of Missouri are transported to Ohio, and even
to Pennsylvania, and sold to make Iron for the use of Cotton-planters in Georgia I We are greater in these re sources than Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania all put
together, and our own Statesmen over-look it, and the course of legislation is such as to drive capital and labor from this region, and keep more of this wealth than Mis souri has, buried in the hills of Georgia !
The progress which individuals have made in the de velopment of this hidden wealth, is slow and limited. A few, however, unsparing of their means, their time, and their efforts, have done enough in " prospecting^ as Min ers term it, to expose the Mines, and lead the Common
wealth of Georgia to a knowledge of "where the treasure lies. Just enough to show what could be done, if aided by that countenance which the State, having so large and deep an interest, could and ought to afford.
The main progress has been made within fifteen years past. Prior to that, one or two small Blast Furnaces, and these of recent origin, with as many Primitive For
ges, now abandoned, "was the limit of Iron operations in
Georgia. During the past fifteen years, there have been

192

POPULATION.

erected six Charcoal Furnaces, making now seven in all. These are all located in Cass county, to wit : Lewis' Fur nace; the Fire-Eater, or Ford's Furnace ; Pool's Furnace ; Milner's Furnace ; Allaioona Furnace, and the Etow'ah
Furnace, and River Furnace, owned by the Etow'ah Manufacturing and Mining Company. All are blown

area tons 01 Jrig metal. Tne two last are making at tne rate of about 3,000 tons per annum. The Pig metal here sells at about $25 per ton. All of these Furnaces produce more or less Castings. There is, however, but one Foundary with a Cupola. This is at Etow'ah Furnace, habitu ally producing cast machinery and hollow ware.
There is at Etow'ah, a Rolling mill for Merchant Iron of all kinds, now turning out about ten tons of Iron per day. Also a Nail Factory, with ten machines for cutting nails ; a machine for Railroad Spikes, machine shops, &o.} for fitting up -- all propelled by water-power. A Rail road has been built, and is now in operation, from the Western & Atlantic Railroad along the bank of Etow'ah river, four miles, to the Boiling-milt at Etow'ah, passing immediately by the River Furnace. These Furnaces and other operations in Iron, give employment to five or six hundred operators and laborers, and afford support to a population of about 2,000 people, of all ages and sexes. Of these, about one hundred are blacks.
Population.
In 1790, 82,000 inhabitants; 1800, 162,000; 1810, 252,432; 1820,840,989; 1824, 400,930; 1830, 516,823; 1840, 691,392 ; 1850,905,999. Census for 1859, from 130 counties, 1,014,418 ; arid when that of the other two counties is reported, it will be about 1,024,000.
"Value of lands, $149,5478,80, equal in average value to $4,43 per acre.
Value of 443,364 slaves, $271,620,405. The amount of exports of the State in 1853, was $371,-

GOVERNMENT---- 1859.

193

83--imports, $508,261 ; received at her ports, 394,490 bags cotton, and 39,929 tierces of rice. Since, however, it is stated that 600,000 bags cotton have been exported in one year. These, at 500 pounds to the bag, would make 300,000,000 pounds. But then, much rice is con
sumed in. the State; so also in the 50 factories, many thousand bags of cotton are manufactured. Georgia ex ports, also, lumber, and naval stores. Steamers ply regu larly twice a week--Thursdays, and Saturdays--between
-Savannah and New York; also between Savannah and Philadelphia, to Charleston, Augusta, Brunswick, Jack sonville, Ala., and other points.
In 1850, 7,209,292 yards of cloth, and 4,198,351
pounds of yarn were manufactured, employing 873 males, and 1399 females, chiefly white laborers,
Gold, iron, copper, slate, marble, and coal, are sources of wealth. (See Col. Cooper's letters, p. 188.)
Capital in manufacturing, about $7,500,000. Banks
28, capital about $12,500,000. Lunatic Asylum, near MilledgevUle ; do. for the blind, in Macon ; do. for the
deaf and dumb, near Cave Spring; Mint at Dahlonega, J. M. Fatten, Supt. and Treas.

Religious Denominations.
As reported by CJ. S. census, 1850. Baptists, churches 879 ; Methodists, 809 ; Presbyterians, 97 ; Episcopal,

gregational ist, 1. Most have greatly increased since 1850. The Baptists,
in 1859, report 64 Associations ; 1317 churches ; 90,000 members ; Ministers, 980 ; baptised, the previous year, 7759.
Government. -- 1 859.
Jos. E. BROWJST, Governor, term ends Nov., 1861 ; E. P. WAT-KINS, Sec'y of State; J. B. TRIPPE, Treasurer ; P. THWEAT, Comptroller Gen'1; A. J. BOGGS, Surveyor
9

194

SOIL-AWD FKODUCTIONS.

Gen'1; T. L. GUERRY, President of the Senate ; J. T. IR-
VIN, Speaker of the House. JUDGES,--THOS. W. THOMAS, Sparta; WM. B. FLEM
ING, Savannah; A. H. HANSELL, Thomasville; N. L. HUTCBINS, Lawrenceville ; W. W. HOLT, Augusta ; I. L. HARRIS, Milledgeville; E. G. CABAKESS, Forsyth;
E. H. WARRELL, Talbotton.; L. W. CROOK, Dalton ; O. A. BULL, Lagrange ; A. A- ALLEN, Bainbridge ; H. G.
JL/AMAR, Macon ; GEO. IX RICE, Marietta; A. E. COCKRAN, Brunswick ; W. C. PEBKINS, Cuthbert; B. F. HAM; MOND, Newnan. -

Soil and Productions.
I. It was not thought necessary to describe the soil and productions in each county, after the general state ment in regard to the three divisions. The line of divi sion should vary a little, from east to west, and bear south, so as to strike Columbus about 32^ degrees, for the sandy soil runs further north, on the east side of the State. Persons desirous of purchasing, would of course examine for themselves. South-western Georgia, as much of it is fresh, now presents the best region for the planter to accumulate a fortune.
II. The second, or middle section, from the 33rd, to the 84th deg. contains the red soil, and mulatto, or choco late, generally very fertile j though much, of it is very much exhausted by cultivation. Sickly in all the sec tions on the water-courses and rich bottoms, but by no means so sickly as it was 40 to 20 years ago. Few per sons dared to venture on a trip from the middle section to Savannah, in the summer and fall; a fever, fatal to life, was the consequence. Now, the whole State is trav elled over without dread of sickness.
III. In the third division, from the mouth of Broad river, through Clarke, Fulton, Paul ding, and Polk, the greyj gravelly soil predominates, and when you reach the valleys of the Cherokee country, the land is very rich. This produces cotton, not however so kindly as

INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS.

195

the lower divisions. Wheat, apples, Irish potatoes, cab bage, grow finely in all this region. Much wheat is ship ped in the month of June, from the middle region, every year. In the Northern part of this division are beauti ful water-falls and cascades, high, abrupt mountains, and scenery as romantic and wild as ever the eye look ed upon. Mineral springs are abundant in number, and. the proprietors will beguile you with good fare, pleasant company, hunting, fishing, and bathing, to your heart's content.
Industrial Pursuits.
The mechanic arts have come,into use very much, in the last twenty-five years; there is scarcely a town in which these are not carried on. Augusta, Macon, Griffin, Atlanta, Columbus, and others, may be regarded as man ufacturing towns almost any article needed is made in those places. The busy hum of industry is as palpable as in any part of the land.
Another thing: it is the settled determination of many planters and merchants, to have direct trade with Eu rope--to send our produce there, in our own bottoms, and bring back the goods we do not see fit to manufac ture. Non-Intercourse in regard to the North, in the minds of thousands, is now the settled policy. They do not intend to have any more intercourse and interchange of commodities with those that are attempting to steal away their rights and their property.

INDEX.

The United States Post Office list is very incorrect, owing to the fact that several new counties are not named.

le, p t ancL capital, Wilcox, Acquisition of Territories, Acworth, p o oil R.R., N" W. part Cobl> Adairsville, p o in Cass Adams, p o E. part Wilcox Adamsvillo, Gordon Co Airline, p o in Hart Alapaha river, rises in Dooly Allandale, p o in Banks Allatoona, place in Cass Albany, cap. Dougherty Alien's, p o Richmond Alma, p o Gilmer Alexander, p o in Burke Alleghany mountains, N. part State Alligator Creek, Montgom ery Alpharetta, cap. JMiiton Altamaha, formed hy Oconee and Ocmulgee Alpine, p o ChattoOga Amandasville, p o S. Hart Americus, cap. Sumter Ami, p o Forsyth

Artderson, p o W. Whitefield
Andersonville, p o Sumter Antioch, p o in Troup, and
villages in Berrien, Polk etc, Antiquities, po Anthony Shoals, p o Elbert Aonea, p o S- E. Wilkes
Appling county, page 26 Appling^ cap. Columbia Appalachee river Arabia, p o Thomas Argo, p o in Hall Armuchee, p o Floyd Arrarat, village in Putnam Argyle Island, p o S W De-
catur Arnette, village in Pecatur Armicalola, p o LumpHn Asbnry, p o Troup Asbury Academy, Houston
Atlanta, cap. Fulton Athens, town Clarke Auburn, p o Gwinnette Auburn Hill, p o Franklin Auraria, p o Tjmpkin

>EX.

197

Augusta, cap. Richmond Ava, p o Berrien Avalona, p o Pntnam Aquilla, p o Franklin
do Falls, on line, between Dawson and Giliner
Bainbridge, cap. Decatnr Baker county, page 25. Bald Hill, p o Chattahoochee Ball ground, p o Cherokee Baldwin county, page 36 Bancroft, p Franklin Banks county, page 29. Bankston, Monroe Barker's Store, p o Floyd Bark Camp, C. & M. H.
Burke Bairdstown, p o Oglethorpe Batesville, p o Habersham Bascobel, p o Jackson Barnesville, p village, Pike Barrettsville, p o Decatin" Battle ground, p o Johnson Bath, Summer retreat, Rich
mond Bengal, p o Bullock Beckom's w roads, p o Cal-
houu Bibb county, page 30 Bcnnettsville, p o W^ayne Belair, p*o Richmond Belview, p o Talbot Berrien county, page 30 Benevolence, p o Randolph Berrien, village Heard; do in
Pickens Berzilia, p o Columbia Bethel, p o Glynn Birdsville, village Burke Beulah, p o Hancock Bethlehem, p o Forsyth

Bear Creek, p o Henry

Beard's Creek, p o Liberty

Beersheba, p o

do

Belton, p o Franklin

Benevolence, p o Randolph

Big Creek, p o Forsyth

Bio, p o Hart

Blakely, cap. Early

Blairsville, cap. Union

Blackshear, cap. Pierce

Blackcreek, p o Scriven

Blackspring, p o Baldwin

Bladen's Creek, p o Quit-

man

Bloomfield village, Worth

Blowingcave, p Decatur

Bookersville, p Wilkes

Bonnydoon, p Jefferson

Boltouville, p o Cobb

Blue Ridge, p o Gilmer

Blue Creek, p o White

Boston, p Thomas

Brunswick, cap. Glynn

Brooks county, page 33

Brooks, p o Worth

Brooksville, p o Randolph

Bowden, p o Carroll

Bowenville, p o Wilcox

do p o Carroll

Bowersville, p o Hart

Blountsville, p o Jones

Berkshire, p o Grwinnettc

Brookline, p o Madison

Bottsford, p o Surnter

do M. H. Burke

Brown's, p o Cobb

Brasstown, p o Towns

Brewton's Mills, Tattnall

Boxville, p o Montgomery

Box Spring, p o Talbot

Bluff Spring, p o do

Buena Vista, cap. Marion

196

Buck Creek, p o Scriven

Broad River, p o Klbert

Buck Head, p o Morgan

Buford, p Pickens

Busbyville, p o Houston

Buffington Fort, p o Chevo-

kee

Buffalo, p o CaTroll

Bunkerhill, p Pulaski

BiishviHe, p o Banks

Brick Store, p o Newton

Bryan county, page 34

Burke county, page 35

Buchanan, cap. Haralson

Bullock county

Bull Creek, p o Tattnall

Burrett, p o Ware

Byron, p Dougherty

Byromville, p o Dooly

Buzzard's Roost Ferry,

Houston

Burnt Fort, Chavlton

Burnt Stand,

do

Butts county, page 36

Butler, cap. Tayloi-

Byrd'w Mills, p o Coffoe

Calhoun county, p. 37 Callioun, cap. Gordon Cairo, p in t^eeatur Catnac, p in "Warren, on R. Ii, Cat rid en county, p. 37 Campbell county., p. 38 ; do.
C'ampbeltton, cap.
Carroll county, p. 38 Camilla, cap. Mitchell

C C; Care Spring, vil. and
Ffoyd Cartersviile, p t Cas

scho>

Carlersbridge, on Alapaha, Tjowndes
Carticary, p o Gilmor Canoochee river Cauoochee, p o "Bmaiiucl Cass county, p. 39 Cassville, cap. Cass co. Catoosa county, p. 41 ; do.
Spring Catoosa, p o Dawson Camp Pinckney, in Chavlton Cedar town, cap. Polk Centre, p v Tulbot Contreville., Wilkes Centre, v Cliarlton Chattoogaville, p o Chattoo-
fa co. ron, or Kidron, p o Cow-
eta Cataula, p o Harris Cliarlton county, p. 41 Chatham county, p. 42 Choestoo, p o Union Ohattahoochee county, p. 45 Chestmitgap, p o Fannin Chattoogvi county, p. 4/5 Cherokee comity, p. 48 ; do.
Chcrokees Clay county, p. 50 Claysvillo, p in. Telfavi-' Clayton county, p. 50 Clay Hill, p o Lincoln Clayton, cap. Rabun Ciincli county, p. XI Clark e county, p. 48 Ciarkeville, cap. Habersham
idos

DEX.

199

Cook's Law office, do.

Cool Spring, p o Wilkinson

Cook's Store, p o Appling

Crossville, p o Dawson

Colleges, Male and Female, Crosskeys, p o Dekalb

p. M3

Crossci-eek, p o l^ulaski

Columbia county, p. 53

Coal Mountain, p o Forsyth

Cheiiubba, p o Ten-ell

Clay Hill, p o Tjineoln

Chickasawhatchio p o

Clyfttville, p o Lowndes

Columbus, cap. Museoajee

Churchill, p o Marion

Coleraine, p in Charlton

Cherry Log", p o Grimier

Colquitt county, p. 53

Cotton Hi If, p o U-andolph

Colquitt, cap. Miller

Cnrtwrii^lit, p o and &ctory,

Corinth, p v Heard

Greene

Cork, p o .Butts

Chinkapin Grove, p o Gvvin-

Crawford county, p. 55

nettc

Crawibrdville, cap. Taliaferro Chestnut Mt., p o PTall

Coving'ton, cap. !N~c\vton

Chestnut Gap, p o Fnnnin

Coleparchee, p o Mon oe

Coosawatta, p o JMuvray

Colmtta Springs, JVIur ay

Clopton's Mills, p o Putnam

Cobllomt"^sworth "institute, Tal- Creek Stand, p o Macon Curry's Mills, p o"Wash.ington.

Copoland, p o Telfair

Courtesy, p in Floyd

Dade c-oxmty, p. 56

Craftsville, p v. N". E. Elbert Dahlonega, cap. Ijumpkiii

Cusseta, cap. Chattahoochee Dallas, cap. Paul ding

CO

Dalton, cap. "Wliitefield

Citlverton, p v in Hancock Damascus, p o Early

Cuthbert, cap. Randolph

I>arit3ii, cap. Mclntosh

Cumberland Island

Danville, p o Sumter

Cedar Branch, p o Campbell Danielsvilie, cap. Madison

Chapel Hill, p o do.

Danburg, p o Wilkes

Chasevillc, p o Gordon

Dawson county, p 5T

ChanceviHe, p o Carrot

Da-vvsonville, cap. T>. co

Central Point, do.

Dawsou, caj>. Terr ell

Concord, p Calhoun

Daivson, p in Habersham

Cottage Mill, p o Chatta Delav, p o Jackson

hoochee

Deeriand, p o Worth

Compton, p o Stcwart

Delhi, p o Wilkes

Oobbville, p o Tel fair

Darkcorner, p o Oarnpbell

Cane Creek and Cassandra Darkcornor, place in Lincoln.

Cedar Grove, Chestnut Flat, Davisboro', p v in Washing

p o in "Walker

ton

Cnt-off, p o m Walton

Daviston, p v Taylor

200

Decatur, cap. Dekalb Dover, p Ton-ell Dooly county, p. 59 Drayton, old, cap. Dooly Dougherty county, p. 60 Douglas, cap. Coffee Dublin, cap. Lam-ens Dirttowii, p v Chattooga DvmcansviUe, p o Thomas Draketown, p Paulding Double Cabins, p Spalding Double Branches, p o Lincoln Double Wells, p o on K 14,
"Warren. Double Bridges, p o Upson Duane St., p o in Banks, on
the mapSj though reported for Habersham, but it is in Banks Desoto, p o Paulding Dennis, p o Putnam. Dck Creek, p o Walker Doctor Town, p o "Wayno Dry Lake, p o Thomas
Early county, p. 61 Eibenezer, p o Morgan East Point, p on R K, Fulton Eatoutou, cap. Putnam Echols county, p. 61; Efoe-
nezer village, EfF. co. Effingham county, p. 69 East Wood, p o Thomas and
MOD roe Echocoimee, p o and creek,
Bibb Eleanor, p o Bibb Elbcrt county, p. 63; Elber-
ton, cap. E.

Egypt, p o Effingham co. Eden, cap. Bryan co. Edenfield, p o Irwin Effing-ham county Edoni, p o Gilrrior Emantiel county, p 64 EUaville, cap. Schley Elijay river, Gilnaer Elijay, cap. Gilmer Ellerslie, p o Harris Erin, p o JYterriwether Eolia, p o Towns Enoii Grove, p Gilmor Erastus, p o Banks Etna, p o's in Haralson, Ma-
con, and Paulding-. Euharlee, or. in Polk, and p o
in Cass Eubanks, p o Columbia Eutaw, p in Randolph Everett's Spring1, p o Floyd Etow'ah river, Etow'ah p o Eagle Grove, p o Hart Empire Mills, p o Campbell
FaceviHe, p v Decatur Fairburne, p o in Campbell Fairplay, p o Morgan Fairview, p v in Franklin Fair Mount, p o G-ordon Fancy Hill, p o Murray Fanniri County, p 64 Fall Greek, p o Clay Farmers, p o Merriwether Farmersville, p o Chattooga Farmington, p o in Clarke FayettevilJe, cap Fayette Fayette County, p 65 Fcnn's Bridge, p o Jefferson Falls, Armicalola, Tallulah,
Toccoa Fennsboro',- p. Worth

201

Feronia, p o Coffee Fillmore, p o Whitefield Fishdam, p o Eibert Flatcreek, p o Berrien Plat Shoals, p o Merriwether Flat Pond, p o Lee Flat Rook, p o Henry Flint Kiver Flint Factory, p o Upson FHntsville, p o Franklin Flint Hill, p o Carrol 1 Florence, p o Stewart Floyd County, p. 66 Floyd Springs, p o Forsyth, cap. Monroe Foray th Co., p. 67 Foster's Mills, p o Cherokee Ford's Store, p o Fort Argyle, on Altamaha Fort Early, Dooly Fort Barrington, p o Fort Gaines, cap. Clay Fort Hawkhis, in East Maoon Fort Lamar, po Madison Fort "Valley, p o Houston Free Bridge, p o Gordon Fowl town, Decatur Fort Wilkinson, Baldwin Franklin College, Athens Franklin Co., p. 68 Franklin, cap. Heard Franklin Springs, p o Franeisville, p Crawford Frederiea, p o Glynn Freemansville, p o MiJton Friendship, p o in Terrell Frieksgap, p o Walker Friers Pond, p o Burke Fulton Co., p 69 Fulton, p o Cobb Fragoletta, p o Schlcy
9*

Gaddistown, p o Union Glascock Co., p. 70 Grainesville, cap. Hall G-Iynn Co., p. 70 Gaines' Fort, cap. Clay Georgian, p o Franklin Greneva, p v Talbot Galphinton, old place Jeffer
son G-artrell, p o Campbell Gatesville, p Early Georgetown, cap, Qultman Glenalta, p o Marion Gribson, cap. Glascock G-ilmer Co.unty, p. 70 GladesvilJe, p o Jasper Glades XK/oads, Putnam Gillionville, p v Dougherty Glasgow, p v Thomas Gin Town, p Worth Grantville p o Gowta Golgotha, p Cobb Goodwill, p o Franklin Gordon County, p. 71 Gordon, v Wilkinson Goshen, p o Lincoln Greene County, 71 Greensboro', cap. Greene Giilsville p o Banks Greeneville, cap. Merriwether Graysville, p o Oatoosa Greenbush, p o "Walker Grab-all, p Jones Grcenhii!, p Stewart Good hope, p o Walton G-nfTin, cap. SpaJding Griffin's Mills, p o Berrien Griswold, p o Jones Grove Level, p o Banks Grooverville, p Brooks Gurnpond, p o Mitchell Gwinnette County, p 74

202

IN

GullettsviHe or Newmarket, p Q Monroe
Guyton, p o Effingham Green's Gut, p o Burke GheiitsviHe, p o Henry Guys, p o Fierce Gordon's Springs, p o White-
field Greenwood, p o Whitefield Greenfield, p o Colqaitt Grove, p o Elbert Good m tin's XRoads, Harris
Habursham County, p. 75 Hahira, p o BerrienHall County, p. 70 Hall, p o Appling Hamburg, p v Macon Hal! oca,, p o Chattahoochec Hamilton, cap. Harris Hamet, p o Chevokec Hamlet, p o Randolph llannaliatchAe, p o Stewart Hancock Co., p. 76 Haralson Co., p. 78 Halcyondale, p o Scriven Haralson, p o Coweta HarnaggeevviilJe, p o Pit-- kens Harris Co., p. 79 HarrrUonville, p Tvoup Harmony, p o JSIbort Hart Co., p. 79 Heard Co., p. 80 HartwelJ, cap. Co. Hartford and rLiwkfusvH/e,
cap. Puilsatsski Hearnsville, p o Put man H:\yueville, p V Houston Hartford, p o Forsyth Hog Mountain, p o Hall Hebron, p o Washington Hig-h Shoals, p o Morgan

tower, p o Forsybh Henderson, p o Houston. Head of Tennessee, p o Rabun. Hftrndon, p o Burke Henry Co., p. 80 Hillsboro', p o Jasper Hinesville, cap. Liberty Hickory Level, p o Uarroll
do Plat, p o Cherokee do Grove, p o Crawford Hiawassee, cap. Towns Hope well, p o Crawford Hollingworth, p o Banks Hobbie, p o Dade Hogansville, p o Troup Hojrjer, p t cap. Banks Holcomb, p o Burke Holmesville, cap. Appling Holmes, p o Early Somersville, p o GJiuch Hopeful, p o Burlte Houston Co., p. 81 Houston Factory Hortonville, p Terrefl Holly, p o Merriwetber Holly Grove, p Terrell Huguenin, p Sumter Hothouse, p o Montgomery Huntsville, p o Macon
Ida, p o Greens Indians, see Cherokee and
Creek Irwin Co., p. 82 Irwinton, cap. WiJkinson Irwrnvilte, cap. Irwin Isabel, p o Ware Isabella, cap. Worth Initiaf Point, in Appling or
Tierce Indian Springs, p v Bults Island Creek, p o Hancock

203

Ivylog, p o Union

Laurens Co., p. 87"

Irbyville, p o Fulton

.Laurens Hill, p o Laurens

Irw in'd X Roads, Washington Lawrenceviile, cap. Gwinnette

Leathersville and Lisbon, p o

Jackson County

Lincoln

Jacksonville, cap, Telfair

Leathersford, p Lumpkin

Jackson, cap. Butts

Leo county, Leo p o

Jasper Co., p. 83

Lenksville, p o Jasper

do cap. Fickens

Lester dist., p o Burke

Jefferson Co., p. 84

Lexington, cap. Oglethorpe

JelTer^onton, cap. Carnden.

Little liiver, p o Cherokee

Jefferson, cap. Jaukson

Little Prairie, p o Cass

Jefftsrsonville, p o -in Twtgga

Liberty county, Liberty Hill,

Jamestown, p Ch;ittahoochee

p o Pike

Jerusalem, p Piokens

Lime Sink, p Laurens

Johnson County, p. 86

Johnstonvilie,

nr

Lincoln county, do Lincolnton, cap

Linton, village and school,

Hancock

Lithonia, p o Dekalb

Jonesville, p Mclntosh

Lodi, p o Coweta

Joy's Mills, po Burke

Loudsville, p Lumpkin

Juno, p o Lumpkin

Longstreet, p o Pulaski

Jubilee, p o Warren

Louisville, cap. J"efferson

Lowndes co,, Locust Grove,

Kettle Creek, Wilkes

p o Henry

do

p o Ware

Lowell village. Clay

K.ennesaw Mountain, Gobb

Lombardy, p o Columbia

Kidron, p o Coweta

Look-out Station, p o Dade

Kingston, p o Cass

Location, p o Coweta

do p Morgan

Long's Bridge, p o Hancock

Kiokee, p o Columbia

Lumpkin county, do cap. Stew-

Kinchefoonee Creek, trib. Flint

art

Knoxville, cap. Craw ford

Little York, p o Montgomery

Lafayette, cap. Walker

Lamar, p in Sum tor

Macon county, p. 30 ; do cap.

Fort La mar, p o Madison

Bibb co.

Lagrange, cap. Troup

Madison Co., do cap. Morgan

Lanahassee, p Stew art

Macedonia, p o Cherokee

Lanier, cap. Macon

Magnolia, cap. Clinch

Lawson, p o Pulaski do p Magdalene, p o Merriwelher

Wi Icox

Mallorysville, p o Wilkes

204

INE

Marshallville, p o Macon Marthasville, p do. Marian coiinty, do cap. Twiggs Mayficld, p o Warren Marble Works, ..p o Pickens Maysvillc, p o Jackson McElvinville, p o Mitchell Merriwether GO., p, 95 McDonald village, Ware MeBcan, or and p o Richmond McDonough, cap. Henry Mechanicsvillfi, p o Jasper Mclntoeh county, do p o Lib
erty Midway, p o Baldwin Midway, M. H. Liberty Mellville, p o Chattooga Milledgevillt-1 , cap Baldwin p".
26 MiJJer co., Mickasukee Lake,
Thomas Millray, p o Bullock Milieu, p o Burke Milford, p Baker Milton county, do p o Wil-
kinson Mitchell co., p. 97 Middle River, p o Banks Mm ton, p "Worth Millwood, p Doiigherty Mineral Springs, p, 168 Montezuma, p o Macon Millha-ven, p o Sonora Millgrove. Moon and Moun
tain, p o in. Cobb Midville, p o Burke Mill Creek, p o Union Mill Stone, p o Ogleihorpe Militown, p o Berrmu Mill Creek, p o Union McRae's Store, p o
Morgan co,} do cap- Calhoun

Milner, p in Pike Monticello, cap. Jasper Millard, p o Stewart Minerva, p Uoiiston Misletoe Bower, p o Carrol! Monroe county,do cap, Walton Moultrie, cap. Colquitt Muckalee creek, trib* ^Flint Mulberry G-rovc, p o Harris Murray CO., p. 100 Muscogee co., p. 101 Mount Zion, p o Hancock Morven or Sharp's Store, p o
Brooks Mountain Hill, p o. Harris Mountain Town, Gilmer Mount Carmel, p o Henry Mount Yonah, cap. "White Mount Vernon, cap. Mont
gomery Mountain ^cetie, p o Towns M.ountviUe, p o Troup Mountain House, p o Gass Mountain (Rock) Dckalb
N^aucoochee, p o and valley White
New Echota, p o Gordon ^Nebraska, p Coltunbia Neivnan, cap. Cow-eta ^Tewsville, p o Haralson ^STewton county, p. 102
do cap- Baker Newton Factory Newbrids^o, j^3 on Chestatce,
Lnmpkin !New"boru, p o Newton New Market, p o Monroe Niekojack or. and cave, Dade Notchaway, creek and p o
Terrcll Nunnerlin, p Deeatur

ax.

205

Oak I,awn, p Dougherty

Pine Hill

Oak Ridge, p o Merriwether Pine Mountains, Talbot

Oak Mountain, Talbot

Pinckneyville, p o GrWhinette

Ocean Pond, Lowndes

Pineridge, p Early

Ocean Wave, p in "Ware

Pineville, p Marion

Osceula, p o Terrell

Pinderton, p "Woi'th

Ocopilco, p o and creek Plains of Dura., p o Sumtez1

Brooks

Pleasant Retreat, I/umpkm

Ocilla river, Thomas

Poindexter, p o Schley

Ogechee

Piscola, p v Brooks and cr.

Ochlochnee river, and p o Polk eo., Powder Springs,

Col quitt

Cobb

Ocmuigee river

Poverty Hill, p o Jones

Ocoiiee river

Powelton, p v Hancock

Odchodka, p o Quitman

Pondtown, see cap. Schley co

Ohoopie river

Prattsburg-, p o Talbot

Oglethorpe county, p. 103

Pomaria, p o Clay

" town Macon

Providence, p Sumter

" college Baldwin

Paloalto p o Jasper

Olive Branch, p Merriwether Pulaski county, p. 108

Olive Grove, p Decatur

Pondfork, p o Jackson

Orel, p o Worth

Pulaski Monument in Savan

Oostenaula river

nah

Oxford Town, Newton

Philomath, p o Oglethorpe

Ophir, p o Cherokee

Pumpkintown, p Randolph

Orange, p o do

Preston, cap. TVebster

Puni^kinvine, p o Paulding

Pachitla, p o Calhoun

Punkinpile, p o Polk

Palmyra v Lee

Putnatn countys p. 108

Pataula or. in Clay, Falls and

town

Quaker Springs, Columbia

Paulding county, p. 105

Quebec, p o Schley

Pickens county, p. 105

Quitman county, p.Ill

Penfiekl, p o Greene

Quitman, cap. Brooks

Ponnsboi'o', p "Worth

Quito, p o Talbot

Perry, cap. Houston, Peters

burg, p o Elbert

Kabun county, p. Ill

Perry's Mills, p o Tattnall

Kaccoon Mt., Dade Co

I'ierceville, p o Tannin

Bueaville, p v Columbia

Pierce county, p. 106

Kay Town, p v Taliaftirro

Pike county, p. 106

Railroads, page 149

Phidelta, p o Banks

'Randolph county, p. 113

206

INT

Rancher, p o Hall Reasaca, p o Gordon Red Bud do Redbone, p o Talbot Repose, p o Haralson 1-Jedfshville, or K<Jsliville3 p o
Appling Riedsville, cap. Tattnall Reedy Creek, p o Jefferson Rehobotb, p o WUkes Kieoboro'j p o Liberty Republican, p o Warren" Riehlarid, p o Stewart Richmond county, p. 113 Riddleville, v & school in
Washing-ton Ringgold, cap. Oatoosa Rio, p o Ooweta Biverton, p o Campbell Roanoakc, v Slewart Rockbridge p o G-winnette Bockhill, p o Giliner Rocky Mount, p o Merri-
wether Rocky Plains Rich Mountain, p o Pickens Rollin, p o Fannin Rome, cap. Floyd Kossville, p o Walker Roswell, p o Cobb Bosehill, p o Union Rotherwood, p o Carroll Ruckersviile, p v Elbert Russelvilie, p v Monroe Roundhill, p o Lumpkiii

Saffold, p o Early

Saint Ilia river, & p o Waync

Saint Cloud, Heard

Saint Mary's river, Town

do

Camden

SunUi T-iuca, p o G'itmer

Salc-m, p v Glarke

Saluda, p o Ooweta

Salada Farm, p o Pade

Sandhill, p o Carroll

Sandersvilte, cap. Washington

Salt Springs, p o CampbeJJ

Sand town, p o

do

Saint Cloud, p o Hoard

Savannah, cap. Chatham

Sawdust, p o Colu;nbia

Searbtvro', p o Soriven

Schley Co., p. 119

Scottsboro, v Baldwin

Searsville, p Webster

Seward, p o Montgomery

Sciencevilie, p o Stewart

Scull Shoals, p o Oreene

Slade village, Lee

Sharon, p o Talliaferro

Sherwood, p Wayne

Sheitonville, p o Forsyth

Slate Quarry, Polk

Shady Dale, p o Jasper

Sandy .Ridge, p o Henry

Sleepy Hollow, p Early

Sharp Top, p o Cherokee

Sooque, p o Habersham

Social Circle, p o Walton

Skeinah, p o !Fannin

Scriven Co., p. 119

Shoals of Ogechee, Hancock

Sanderstown, p o Piokens

Spier's Turn-out, Jefferson

Snowhill, p o "Walker

Sneed_, p o Tjee

Springfield, cap, Effingham.

Spalding Co., p. 120

Spring Place, cap. Murray

Smithville, p o Dawson

do

p Lee

Spring, p o Henry

Stockbridge, p Q Henry

DEX.

207

Spring Creek, p o Early Stark ville, cap. Lee Starsviiie, p o Newton Statesboro, cap. Bullock State Line, p o Heard Staten ville, cap. Bchols Stockhiil, p o Fitnmn Summerville, cap. Chattooga Subligna, p v Chattooga Summerfield, p Stewart Summerville, v Richmond Summervale, p o Elbert Summer Retreats Swainsboro', cap. Emanuel Sugar creek, p o Telfair Sugar Valley, p o Gordon Sugar Hill, p o Hall Suwannee, p o Gwinnette Stephens, p o Og-lethorpe Stephensville, p o. Wilkinson Strickland, p o Pierce Sheffield, p o Newton Siiaffing Shoals, p o do Stamlbrdville p o l-*atnain Sulphur Springs, p o JVTerri-
wether Sweet water, p o Gwinnette Sylvania, cap. Scriven Sylvan Hill, p Hancock
do Grove, p Jefferson Stark, p o Butts Slimier Co., p. 139 Sumtervillc, p. Sumter
Talbot Co., 133 do. cap Talbot
Tallapoosa, p o Carroll Tallocfts, p o Brooks Tail's cr. p o Gilnicr Tallulab p o I-Iabersham Talrnadge, p o Baldwin Tamivttle,-p o

Talking Rock, p o Pickens Tarversville, p o Twiggs Tattnall Co., p 124 Tavern-lceeporg, letter to Tazewell, p v IVIarion Taylor Co., p 125 Taylor's Creek, p o Liberty
do Mountain p o W^alker Telfair Co. p 135 Tennille, p o "Washington Terpperance, p o and p Tel-
fair Temperance, p o Teloga Springs, p o Chat
tooga Ten-ell Co., p. 126Tharp, p Bibb Texas, p in Menlwether Thompson, p o Columbia Ti^er, p o Kabuo Thomas county, p. 126 Thornaston, cap. Upson Thotnasville, cap. Thomas Tired Greek, p o Decatur Thundering Spring, p Upson Toombs, p Iliehmond Toombsboro1, p o Wilkinson Towns county, p, 125 Toweliga river and p o in
Butts Trader's Hill, cap. Charlton Traveller's Hest, p Dooly Troublesome, p o now Staten-
^iUe, Echols Troup county, p. J 38 Troupville, cap. Lowndes Treaties and acquisition of
territory Triekem p. p. Carroll Troy, p o Cherokee Tucker's Cabin, p Henry Tunnelvillc, p o \VhitefieId

208

Turin, p o Coweta. Twiggs county, p. 129. Twiggsville, p o Twiggs. Tyrone, p o Wilkes.

Union county, p. 130.

Union Point, p o Grreene.

TJnionville, p o Monroe.

Union Hill, p Upson,

Upson county, p. 131.

Upatoy, p o and creek, Mus-

cogee,

'

Utoy, p o Fulton.

Valdosta, cap. Brooks. Vanwert, cap. Polk. Varneirs, p o Whitefield. Van's Valley, Floyd. Valley Store, p o Chattooga. Vernon, p o Troup. Verona, p o Randolph. Villa Rica, p o Carroll. Vienna, cap. Dooly. Villanow, p o Walker. Vineville, suburb of Macon. Vineyard, p o Wilcox. Viola, p o Mitchel).

"Walker Co., p. 131 Walton Co., p. 133 V^althourville, p o Liberty "Walnut Grove, p o Walton "Warm Spring, see Mineral
Springs Warnervillc, p o Merriwether "Ware Co. p. 133 ^Varesboro, cap. Ware "Warren Co. p. 134 Warrintori, cap. Warren Warsaw, p o Milton. Warthem, p o Washington \\rashington Co. p. 134

Waverley, p o Harris

Washington, cap. \Vilkes

Wayne Co., p. 135

Waynesville, p o and cap.

Wayne

Webb's Creek, p o Banks

Webster Co., p. 136

Wayiiesboro', cap. Burke

Webster-place, p o Elbert

Walnut Hill, p o Franklin

Walesca, p o Cherokee

Warhill, p o Hall

W^irwoman, p o Rabun

Warwick, p o Worth

Watkinsvillc, cap. Clarke

\\rater oak, p o Muscogee

Watermelon, p o Tattnall

Waynman's Factory, Upson

Ways, p o Bryan

"Weston, p o Webster

W^estpoint, town Troup

Welborn's Mills, p o Houston

White Co., p. 13T

Whitesville, p o Harris

White Plains, p o Greene

Whitefield Co., p. 137

"Whitehouse, p o Henry

Whitney, p o Oalhoun

Whitepath, p o Gcilmer

"Winchester, p o Macon

W^infield, p o Columbia

Wimberiy, Carroll

W"hite Oak, p o

White Water, p o Fayette

Wilkes Co., p. 138

Wilkinson Co., p. 140

Willow Dell, p o Coweta

"

Grove, p o do

Windsor, p o Walton

Wisdom's Store, p o Harris

W^ithlacoochee river

W^oodbury, p o Merriwether

Woodburn, Jefferson Woodlawn, p o Murray Woodville, p o Green Wood stock, p o Cherokee '"Worth Co., p. 141 "WorthviHe, p o Butts Wrrghtsboro', p o Columbia Wrightsville, cap. Johnson Yardboro', p o Clierokee

Yellow Stone, p o Polk Yellow River, G-winnette York, p o Spalding York (Little), p o Mont
gomery
Zero, p o Appling in Wajne, near Initial Point