1-\ I ; '

' -I~-

I , -~

\'

(!Iuuteuta.

CHAPTER I. Selection of site of the University. Descrip-

tion Easley's reservation. Athens in 1803. First

sale of lots. Early settlers. Houses built in

1820-30.

CHAPTER II. Organization of the University. Land values. The Tugalo tract. The first Facnlty. Old college. Plat of Ca1npus. First commentement.

Programme of 1814. Election of Dr. Waddell.

CHAPTER III.

~ ....... .Pt.~.r"'

Dr Wright. Dr. Neisler. Mrs. Lucy Cary.

Mrs. Dougherty. Mrs. McKigney. Rev. Hope

Hull.

CHAPTER IV. Camp meetings. Hull's Meeting House. Tra1l Creek Church. Mrs. Sarah King. Judge Clayton. Dr. Waddell. Dr. James Tinsley.
CHAPTER v.
Col. John A. Cobb. Thomas Hamilton. James

Meriwether. Muster day. Cherokee Indians. Expected attack. False alarm.

CHAPTER VI. Sanruel Wier. The Teainster&. First cotton. Bathing place. Early newspapers.

1
rl

f

//

CHAPTCR VII.
Introduction. Early papers. 1\dvertisements. First l\1issionary Society. President Meigs. Trouble with the Trustees. Fatnily incidents.
CnAPTBR VIII. Athens incorporated. Taxes. The town in I8JO. Canebrake on Broad Street. 1--Iotels. Athens Acaden'l;y. Georgia Railroad. Georgia Factory. Athens Factory. Princeton Factory. Population.
CHAPTER IX.
The tariff. ::\1orning go\\'llS. Dr. 1---Ienry Jackson. Stewards I-Iall. Corntnons. ()1(1 cernetery. Cold weather. New college burned. Payn1ent of funds by Legislature. ~_College rebuilt. Sarn-
ud Tenney. Rev. Jno. F. \iVallis. Alhon Chase.
Thomas Bishop.
CnAPTJ:R X.
Jmprovetncnts and new citizens. San1 Frost. John I Joward Payne. The J---Iardcns. The 1-Iillyers. Conclce's Bancl. Dr. X athan Hoyt.
CrL\PTER Xl.
Troup and Clarke parties. Clarke tDen appoinled Trustees. Public speaking. Defying the L~. S. Supren1e Court. Panic of 1837. Death of Oliver H. Prince. May party. Self reliance of the people. ()ld Tow11 Hall. La,vs controlling slaves.

v

CHAPTF.R XII. John I-f. ~ C"\Yton. }farrison freshet. Dr. lVIoscs \ Vaddcll. College 1nilitary.
CJL\l'Tt:l{ X lii. Georgia Railroad. 1\'ight trains discontint\ed. Building in Cobbhan1. Sale of Broad Street lots.

Sale of lots on Jackson and Ltunpkin Stteets. New hotels and chnrches. ~athan I--Iolb1ook. Building on l:lancock ..:\venue. C(ew hou~t~ 011 I >rince ;\_ vcnne.

Cu"\l'TJ~H- XIV . .~\ wedding in 1842. John Kirkpatrick. \:Villlam L . .:\1itc1Jcl1. Eliznr L. Kewton. Dr. Ed\vanl R. \Varc.

CE!AP'l'ER X\/. Confectioners. Streets and locations. T. Addison Richanls. .\fay Party at \V. C. Richards school. Dancing schooL French boan1ing

house. DL \Varcl. notanical Garden. JohJ1 Jacob~s Flournoy. Judge() . .:\. Lochrane.
Cl-JAvn:R XVI. ~[aclamc Gouvain. 1\Tr. Linebaugh. \V. 1-l. Dorse~-. C)ld J ~illy ~ahers.
CH.\l''l'BR XVTII. Sale of lots on .:\fillcdge .[\venue. Gas \,Vo1ks.

The HannlecLI-Ionsc. Drowning of Frank Bryan.
:~~hcn_s l~onnd~ Fire C01npanies. Presbyterian. uapttSl ana Ep1scopa1 churches. Dr. _Henderson.

()conee Ce1neterv. P11blic an1usen1.et1ts in tl1e

To\vn 1--lall.

.

CnAPTr:R XVIII. Con1n1encement day. The Toon1bs oak. Hog killing tin1e. The old plantation. The Dericott negroes. Rilly and Davy. Other negroes.
Cr-L\P'l'J!R XIX. Independence of Athenians. Doys schools. :fdiss En1ily Witherspoon. Girls school. Luc\' Cobb Institute. Dr. ~AJonzo Church. 1v1rs. Lc Conte and Nirs. Craig.
CHAPTER XX. T-'rofessor McCay. Professors LeConte, Broun Brown and \ 1enable. Dr. Brantley.
CHAPTER XXI. Richard l\talcoln< Johnston. Col. John Billups. Joseph J-Ienry Lurnpkin. Wilson Ltunpkin. Dr. Richard D. Moore. T\1rs. Gully. Joe Keno.
CHAPTER XXII. Asbury Hull. Dr. Henry Hull. G. W. Barber. Howell Cobb. Thomas R. R. Cobb.
CrrAPTrm XXIII. l\1ilitary con1panies. Georgia Guards. Wn1. E. Jones. Gen. Burwell Pope. Ben Perley Poore.. Clarke Cavalry. Athens Guards. Troup .-\rtillery. Captain Lombard. i\. A. Franklin Hill
CHAl'TBR XXIV. The Abolitionists. Election of Mr. Lincoln. Suspicious characters. Thos. R. R. Cobb's speech. Secession Convention. Secession of Georgia.
CHAP1'ER XXV. 1-\thens in the Provisional Congress. Belief

vii
that there would be no war. Confederate Flag. Supplies furnished to soldiers. Subscription to loan.
CHAPTER XXVI. Troup .l\_rtillery:. Leaving Athens. In Virginia. Casualtie.s and losses in battle. Survivors. Tugalo Blues. Banks County Guards.
CHAPTER XXVII. Athens Guards. Casualties and losses in battle. Clarke County Rifles. Casualties and battles.
CHAPTER XXVIII. Georgia Troopers. Cobb's Legion Cavalry.
Battles and casualties. Capt. J. E. Ritch's com-
pany. Me11 Rifles. Camak's contpany. Losses. CHAP'rER XXIX.
Johnson Guards. Battles. Losses and casualtie_s., I.:::fighland Guards. Major Grady. Losses in battle.
CHAPTER XXX. !--:lotne Guards companies. Luntpkin's Battery. Oconee Rangers. Geu. I-Iorace Capron at Princeton. Lipscomb Volunteers. Other volunteers.
CI-IAn'J(R XXXI. Table of casualties. Percentage of losse.s. Officers from Athens. Cobb's Legion. Cobb'~ Brigade at Crantpton's Gap. At Fredericksburg. Troup Artillery. Dick Saye. Cobb Legion Cav-alry at Brandy Station. VVillie Church. Colonel Deloney.

Cu.\PTnR XXXII. Profcss()l- VvTash. \i\~'illie Chase. l\Iajor Grady. Gen. l\1. L. Smith. At New Orleans. Defense of Vick.sburg. 1\_ttack on Hancock. Lines at Spottsylvania.
Cl-L\PTI:R XXXIII. .Athenians at hon1e. liard tin1es. Ladies' ;'\iU ~. Society. ~~Iajor Ferdinand Cook. Georgia Rangers. Davis 1..-ight Cnarcls. :Ylob law. 1-fanging of a negro. Nevvs froTn the front. Res(,u!ce~ at h01ne. Substitutes for necessities. \\rar titne prices.
CH.\l'"l'JC:R XXXIV. Refugee;;. Entertainn1ents. Fall of Chat<.a nooga. Camping around R0111e and Savanna!~. CoL Andre'\v Y'oung and Nfrs. Dr. :,)rr. StnneI11an's Raiders. Yankee prison<:::-:-.. -::\_ bo11b proof skulker. Gen. A. W. Revno1d.s.
CIL\PTF,R XXXV. The l\Iitchcll Thunderholis.
CIL\PTJ.:R XXXVI. The double barrelled cannon. Th; tree wh;ch owns itself. The fire engine which was barneJ.
Cr-rAvrER XXXVTT. The anie-bel1ttn1 negro slave. At honre aJJd on the plantation. Their fidelity. \1mt Ectty. Drifted away.
CHAPTER XXXVIII. Peace. The return home. A view of :\t~~ns
I'
t

ix
in 1865. Raid on the con1rnissary stores. Feclc..ral cavalry invade Athens, and rob awJ plnnd~r. Letter fl"Olll .Yirs. ~{ell.
CH.\l''!'I~R XXXIX. FedeJ-al garrison. Penalties for negroe.-;. rqrty acres and a n1ule. The ladies and the -\1.nkee-s. Proclan1ation of Provost ~J arshaL ji.1 Saye and the .0.1ajor. Attack on George :;\L:;on. Can1pt1s evac\ate-d. CoP ~ederate archi ~s. Eu Talmac;e killed. S111all pox. John Yar Jrough. Cotton. Xational Bank. Circl1S. SchG Js. College opens.
CTIAP'l'l:R XL. Uro<-' St1eet in 1 8()(). Deputy :!\if arshal ShiJ"ley. C ::1 Crady house. ?vJerchants. Town Spring. The streets and sidev.,ralks. Bathing places. ~obbhan1. The reaction. ~/Ien1orial Day. Re val in relig-ion and business. Deaths. Reconstn1l ion. 1\1at Davis.
CHAP'l'I~R XLI. Kn Klux .::::Ian. Killing of A1f Richardson. The Ku Kin_ and 11yer Stern. Albert Cox':; speech. Gen. ~ope's order. The n1ilitary satraps. Tom Fr. '\son and Knox.
HAPTU< XLII. Sales of real et-\te. Taxable property. Building the Deupree l'~ck Henry :Hl111, Jr. Death of Howell Cobb. '~m. Hope Hull, L. J. Lampkin. F. W . .\.dams.-~\ 1.-Iary's Church.
~
\
\
L_\_

-

X
CHAPTER XLIII.
Southern Cultivator. \Vheat Club. John 1'-.
]\~'Ieeker's farm and failure. Turnip greens on the Carnp-us. Tourna111ent en cheval. Crowning th~; Queen.
CHAPTER XLIV. Ladies ..\1ernoria1 Association. Street Railro~d. Moore College. l\f. B. McGinty. Early prayers abolished. Prof. \iVash. Athens Guards. CLtbs. Richard Schevenell. ti'own ball. Foot ball. lJabe Crane. Base ball.
CHAPTER XLV. Pioneer l-Iook and Ladder. Christening ~ruck~. Circus and shows. t../Hreq.king dirt for North Eastern Rairoad. Ferro Lithic Spring N. E. R. R. Changes by railroads. The bigguUy.
CHAPTER XLVI. Northeast Georgia County fair. i\ Juel. Sales /of real estate. l\!Iayor I<ing. \:V. C.! ~mp. Long Goody Sm.ith. W. T. Stark. Bar & Hughes P. \'Veil. Shoe factory.
Cu.,P1'ER XLVII. /Lucy Cobb Institute. The girls -and the bu; s l\1ay party. 2\..ianagements. Jl~ss Ruthedc.rd. l\1rs. Lipscmnh. First of 1'-pril f )lie. Commence1nents. Mr. Seney and the CP )el.
CHAP'rER XLv n. Athens Laundry. l'vlonday7111eetings. Amt,sernents. Old College rules.1 A dance in IS._)::?. Theatricals. Burlesque Miy party by colleg~ boys. Amateur plays. P;/ties. A big cake.
I

xi

CHAP'l'F;R XLIX.

Dr. Crawfmd VV. Long. :r..Ir. Henry L. Stuart.

John D. Diornetari. Peter r\. Sun1ney. L. Flisch. CHAP'l'J;R L.

Hanging in Clatk County. University "H!gh

School. Mr. Carroll. Col. L. H. Charbonnier.

University fann. '"'Norn1al School. Capt. S. D.

Bradwell.

CHAPT.L!;R LI.

Hon1e School. J\.fadan1e Sosnowski. 1\lbin

P. Dearing. Dr. Jos. 13. Carlton. Dr-. R. M.

Stnith. William McDowell. IVIoses Myers. G.

Jacobs. Casper Morris. PtofeSsor Halwick.

CHAPTER LII. ./Athens Stteet Railway. Texas tnules. Electric

line. Cotton Jnills. Georgia Factory. ,/Pr-inceton

Factory., Athens Manufactuting Company. Pub-

lic spirited citizens. Fetdinand Phinizy. ):"",)ttll!".S

L. G. I-I3.rris. Dr. John S. Linton.

CHAP'I'F;R LIII. Public schools. Factory building. E. C. !~ran son. The Athens bar. S. P. Thurmond. '::"~L"orgc

D. Thornas. Successful business tnen. CHAP'l'R LIV.

Chancellor A. A.. LipscOJnb, Chancellor Tuck-

er. Chancellor Mell. Chancellor Bogg's A(l-

tninistration. Chancellor Hill.

CHAPTER LV.

Prof. W. H. Waddell, Gen. W. M. Browne,

Dr. W. L. Jones, Prof. Charles 1-'!orris~ Prof.

xii
\Vi11iams Rutherford, Prof. C. P. \i\fi11cox. Death of Walter Rountree.
Cl-L\.P'tE;R LVI. Rev. C. VI. Lane, Dr. John Gercline. Rev. Ellison D. Stone, Politics in -<\thens, Troup and Clarke J 'arties, \Vhigs and Detnocrats. Election for Governor in 1866, For 1\iayor in 1872, The :''\ egro Politician. Enwry Speer. Speer and Candler Can1paign.
CHAP'l'CR LVII. Cleveland's election. Torchlight procession. Prohibition carried. Blind tig-ers. Revolution of sentinlCnt. The dispensary.\ ~-}\o "fence law.
CrL~P'n:R LVIII. Visit of -::\Trs. l l ayes and \-Vinnie Davis. Skiff. tlle J e,,eler. Spot and Buckskin. J\Ieteorology. The flood. Capt. [I. [-f. Carlton. Senator Pope Barrow. Dr. E. \V. Speer. F. \\". Ln cas. A. K. Childs.
CHAPTER LTX. :\'orthern n1cn.l \Vater \Vorks. Volunteers in the ,,,ar with Spain. Oates' nrigade in Camp. Col. \V. 1\. J(repps. Shan1 battle.
CHAP'tER LX. Oratorios. Reaves \Varehouse Co.. J. .A.. Benedict. College students. Old citizens. L;iying- .-\thenians. Fetnina Atl1eniensis. T-Iotels.
GE~EALOGIES.
SCJ~f :\L\RRil\GES OF ATHE!\'S PEOPLE TNDEX.

,
11fnfnrr tn J%>k1'1rl1 by 'Qr_ tijmry 1i.nll.
In offering these sketches in their present shape, it would be proper for the Editor to say_ Lhat they were for the n1ost part first published in the Southcr!l Watchman in 1879, but having been "\vritten ''to \vhile away in idle hour," no regard was had to an-angernent of subjects or conS('CUtiveness of details.
Jt was therefore the task and pkasurc of the Editor to arrange them. rnorc systematically in point of ti1ne and snbject, including son1c skdche,-: hitherto unpublished, and present then~ in a more pennancnt forn1 than as newspaper contribulions.
To none who knew D1-. Hull need it be told, that for seventy-eight years he lived in Athens, a part of that titne snstaining towards n1any in the con1n1unity, the inti1nate rclalions of a fatnily physician, and kno,vn and respected by all. The people of tbe city, he has known for generaLio~Is back, and no one perhaps was so \\'ell fitted as he to vvrite the annals of the place. Unfortunately, the skelches do not extend later than J 825. There is no pretense of con1pleteness in this work as a l-Iistory of Athens for the titne; bttt it consisls of personal observations of the writer, coupled with well authenticated traditions

xiv

of the place. Many things of interest and valu:.::,

were he yet alive, n1ight the writer add frotn a

tnetnory green and tnind well stored with fact

and fancy. Perhaps some other hand trenutlo1h

with age will take up the thread and weave the

story out.

~~Jthcns~ Ga.~ January~ 1884.

A. L. H.

1

i\nuula nf i\tqrua. ~rnrgtu.
CHAPTER I.
In the year 1801 the Senatus Academicus, cmnposed of the Governor, the State Senate antl the Board of Trustees of the University of Georgia, being Stirred to action by public con1plaints of their neglect of that institution, which had hitherto existed only on paper, met at Louisville, the then Capital of the State, and appointed a committee to select a site in Jackson County for its location. The Con1n1ittee consisting of John Milledge, Abram Baldwin, George Walton, ],Jim Twiggs and Hugh Lawson, in the latter part of June, of that year, met at Billups' Tavern-on the Lexington road-and thence made tours of inspection to various locations. The Aug:.uta Chronicle~ of July 2oth, I80I, teils ns tha~ "tht: Cmntnittee repaired to the county of Jackson and proceeded with attention and deliberation tu ex.u11ine a t111111ber of sitn<'ltions as well. upon th~ i!""C:l:ts belonging t'~ t!1..:: Unh~c::.-5-oity a:'> ur.-un uther3 of private individuals. Having con1pleted their views, they proceeded by ballot to make the choice, when the vote was unanimous in favor of a place belonging to J\1r. Daniel Easley, at the Cedar Shoals, upon the North Fork of the

Oconee River. and the san:1c was resolved to b~

selected and chosen for the scat of the University
?f Ceorgia. For this purpose the t~ct contain-
tug fi33 acres V:a~ urchased of :Ylr. Easley by

~I r. ::\'li!leclge:.... ~nc \:" t the Conunitte_e, and n1adc

a donatwn of tatjl.E!'- fr ~ek and tt was called

Athens.

~.._..-- """

''The river at ~\thens is about 1so feet broad;

its waters rapid in their descent and has no low

grounds. The site uf the Cuivcrsity is on the

r-L(::

South side and a balf n>ile fron1 ibe 1iver. Abou1

200 yards frotn the site, and 300 feet above: the

tiver, in the rnidst of an extensive bed of rock

issues a copious spring of excellent water, and

in its n1eandcrings to the rivet several others

.Otrc discovered. Un the place is a llC\\-' we?ll built

han1ed dwelling house, entirely equal io the a':-

cmnln(xlation of the President and his fan1il y.

There is also another new house equal to a tenl

porary schoolrootn. The square of the L,.nive;_-

sity containing 36)/:S acres is laid off so as to

conlprl'liend the site, the houses and the spring.

/\ stt-cet is laid off upon the? northern line of the

squat-c adjoining a village of lots in that direc-

tion. Uesidcs the spring in the SCJUate, which: is

convenient to the village, there ls one in the

.-:ireet and another back of the lots. ~;car Ath-

ens, l\1r. Easley has an excellent flour mill,

a saw and cointDon gt-ist tnill, with intention to

add a cotton tnachine. To drive these, the rapids

3

opposite 1\thens are slightly dammed so as the

ordinary supply of the river neither increases nor

ditninishes the size of the pond. Besides the

lesser fish of fresh waters, the shad in the1r

season, ascend the river as high as Athens in

great perfection."

The area purchased by Gov. Milledge, ex-

tended fron1. a point at the head of Cemetery

Street along Baldwin west to Pope Street, thence

to Vonderlieth's vineyard, thence out to Mrs.

Hudgin's, thence in a long broken line northward

far across Prince A_venue and eastward to the

river. Mr. Daniel Easley reserved a portion of

the tract, bounded by a line beginning at a point

on the river a little below the upper bridge, run-

ning thence to a point not far frotn Mrs. Dorsey'~

house, thence between ?\.1r. E. R. Hodgson's* anrl //

the Town Spring, across the spring branch.

thence to the point on Baldwin Street above the

Factory. This reservation he sold in lots, of

shapes and sizes to suit the tastes and purposes

of purchasers, securing to himself the right to

keep up his tnill-dam and a toll bridge. He

f'

owned most of the land about Athens, on both

sides of the river. He built and lived in the

NOTE-'l'he reader will bear in n1ind that these sketches were

"'ritteu thirty-five years ago, since "'hich tin1e n1any changes of

residence have taken place.

A. L. H.

"-This house is still standing on Oconee Street just below the cot-

ton 'W"arehotlse.

lloUgson house till he sold it to 1ny father, Rev. Bope Hull, in r803, after which he 1noved acro~s the river.
::\ly earliest recollections uf Athens date fron1 the year 1803. 1 well rem.e1nber yyhen rny ather, with his family, a few servants and household goods stopped at this house-how interested l was in a flock of goats which vere browsing on the opposite hillside. The n1.ost thickly settled portion of the village then was bet\\~een our hous~ and the river. There were two so-called stores, ()1Je (m the lot adjoining ours, kept by a :f./!1. I Oack, and the other in11nedlatel~ opposite by Capt. \Yarhan1 Easley. \Yhile cake sltops, grog shops. a blacksmith and tailor shop, with cabins and shanties, occupied the space to the river. '!'his \\as the village referred to in the Augusta ChroJliclc.
The Old College was just completed and \Vas occupied by a few students. The President:''!. honse--a story and a half-the same 1nentione;f in the extract quoted above, stood where Dr. .\Jell's house is, and the other new house wldcll
was "e(lttal to a te1np<r~ry schoolromn"-a single
roon1 :20 feet square with a chl1nney at one end, an ung-lazed window in tl1e other, and a door in each side--stood about the site of the Phi-l(appa 1-Iall. The Crammar School \Vas near the Chan ccllor's house, and these were all the buildings em the Campus at tl1c tin1e.

5
The u-act given by Gov. J\lilleclge was laicl off in lots aE--1 streets, beginning at :~vlrs. Dorsey':.:; lot, which was :i'\o. r, and extending to 1\lrs. Dlanton Hill's.t These lots \verc offetcd f01 sale by the Trustees, each square containing twJ act-es, except those bet\Yeen College 1\venue and Jackson Streets, which \vue une acTe each. The first lots sold were those con1prised in the parallclogranl bounded on Foundry, Broad, I-I ull Streets and Hancock Avenue.
~o. J, the Dorsey lut, was suld to ::\1ajor Fer-dinand Phinizy for $102.
:\:o. 2, the Reaves block was sold to l\'Iajot Mci<:igney.
Xo. 3 Deupree block, was sold to Stevens ancl
JcU Thmnas.
Xu. 4, l~arry block \Yas sold to 1-fr. Thnnnoncl. :\u. 5, Uank block, was sold to .:..Ir. \VrighL :-,:- u~C). ,J-T oiel block, was sold to 1\{ r. 1\Iartin for $150. 2'\o. 7 ).frs. Deloney's lot. \vas sold to David Allen. 1\o. R. IIendersun lot, was sold to Dr. Josiah ).1eigs for $90. Xos. (). 10 and 1 T. Fr0111 I lull Stn.~et to Pulaski Stteet, to !<.I a jot Phinizy for $200. ~ os. 12. 13 and 14. Fron1 Pulaski to 1-Inll Street. tu Jas. E. 1\'forris fot $121.
T()IJ Pula.<oki S!I'C\'l

--
I~ .
'i~~ ..
I>'.
~,~-~"
. <~
~:
-

6
"I\To. 1 ,3, ..\1rs. ?vlathe\vs' square, to D;:tvid Allen for $so.
1\To. r6, Fro1n Lun1pkin Street, half way the square, to Allen for $70.
.i'\o. 17, East half the square to College :'\venue for $roo.
~To. 18, Uet\veen College ;-\venue and Jackson Street, io ,-\ddin Le\vis.
~-:-o. ro, The old bank lot, to Dr. Cowan for $ros.
!\To. zo, The Clayton Ioi, to ::VIr. I-Iayes.
i'\os. 31 and 22, Betv,:ecn 'l'hon1as and FoundrY Sireet, to Capt. Cary for $oo.
,\n old deed fron1 President Drown to Mrs. Lucy Cary dated in r8r r to half of Dr. I-Iull's lot for $31,shuv.rs that I--Iancock Avenue was at that tin1e called (~reen Street, and Doughert_'/ Street \Vas \Valton Street, while Thon1as Street was designated as ''~'\llcy ~o. z.'
Fr01n r8o3 to r8ro the tovvn grew apace. On ~vlrs. J)orsey's lot siood a storehonse, with a stnall dv,.e11ing attached, belonging to Major Ferdinand Phinizy, of .L\.ugusta. On the adjoining- lot, westward, was a story and a half hewn log house, the only hotel in the village. lt con1priscd two roon"ls with a passage between and a shed with two or three beclroon1s on the first t1oor, as tnany on the second, and a piazza in front. It was kept by Capt. John Cary. Next

to that was the store of Ivir. Stevens Thon1as,

near the 1--:--esent Georgia I<-ailroad .i\_gency.* He vvas the principal tnerchant in the place, and for

a long tin1e the only worthy the nan1e. .-\.bour

the tin~e of which I write, he n1arried and built

the house on the san1e lot recently taken down

by Judgc Deupree. lt vvas then the rnost stylish

,-

house in the place, and tbcrc his children were

born, there he acctunulatcd his large fortune and

there died.

Two or three little shanties stood on the lot

where Capt. Darry's stores are, but I do not remetnbcr their uses. On the site of the National Bank there stood a little Doctor's shop, about

1oxr2 feet, which with a snrall dwelling, opposite Dr. Sn1ith's,t '-VCre the only buildings on the squan~. The S(luare and houses were owned by

Dr. VVright, the first village doctor. Still going \ves1warU, we find no houses on Uroad street, nntil we reach 1\tfrs. Deloney's~now greatly al-

tered and enlarged. 'I'hat \\as built by an Eng-

Eshnlan, na1nccl Allen, vvhosc daughter, l\!liss J-.1 arriet, taught in that house the first fen1ale

school established in 1-\thens. Old ?vir. Allen was a quiet, retiring gentlem_an and considered th~ highest authority on all questions uf taste and horticulture.

*North side Broad :Stn:ccl, lwhv<eui Thotnas and \-Vall Street.. ton Clayton Street.

8

\Vc have now reached LutDpkin Street, the

exrremc western lim_its of Athens, as it \vas in

181o. On Thomas Stteet stood only t\vo houses.

\\-here Dr. I lull!- lives \vas a log cabin, built b)

~:-

Rev. John I-1odgc; the other a rnore prelentiou:-. he\vn log house near vvhere Dr. .:\ioore's office

stands, \Vas occupied by ::\Jrs. Lucy Cary. This

continued to be habitable until .:\lr. \Villiam Deating, the last occupant, rcn1uved it to rnak~ -..vay for Dr. ).[oore's house_~:-- On Clayton

Street there were only two residences-one Dr.

\Vright's, already rncntioned; the other now

o\vncd by J)r. R. ~Vl. Sn1ith was built a little later

than l\lr. Stevens Thon1as on Broad Street, and

these two of the san1e order of architecture \>.. e1 c the handson1eSt in the to\vn. Dr. S1nith's hous,~

was built by ""\.ddin Lewis, who carne f>:OlD

Connecticut with President lVIeigs, and was for

son1e years the only Professor in the Collcg~.

Lewis was appointed Collector of the Port at

lviobilc by \iV1n. 11. Crawford, when Secretarv

of the Treasury, and was jn office when Gcncrai

J acksun was elected President. l-Ie was a warrrl

political and personal friend of Nlr. Crawford.

and particularly friendly to General Jackson's

administration. He received a cornmunication

from \rVashington City, calling for inforn1atio1

t\V. n. Jackson's on Thomas Street. *R. K. Reaves ou 'l'honras Street.

on several m.atters of importance to the Co vern ment, in which was this question, "l-fo\v far cloc~ the .\lahatna River run up into the State?" Lewis replied to this question, '''l'he ~\laban1:1
River does not run up at all; it runs dO'Zl'll.
Tn a short time his succe;,~sor was appointed. Col. lsaac \Vilkcrson's house':' stands on the
Easley~ reservation. lt was originally a ven' pretty cottage, built by a French gentletnan. na1'fic-d Couvain, and the g1ounds a1ouncl it \\Tre filled with ornanrental trees and beautiful shrub bery. lt was altogether the nrost attractive spot in the town and made additionally so by the presence of :\lonsieur Gouvain's two beautiful nieces, who \vitb their n1other, -:\Iaclatne T'ancy lived with hint. The place ptesents none of it:; fonne1 beauty. The original cottage has been added to ~ncl built aronnd. and the shrubbery and trees have been so destroyed that it would be difficult now to imagine what a pretty place it was sixty-five years ago. l"or a long titne in later years it \Vas the home of that venerable and venerated lacly J<atherine ~ ewton. relict of Rev. John Newton, who if not the first Presbyterian preacher in Georgia, was the ftrst seUled pastor.
Of a different fa111ily, was the old Kewton.
-"This hou~C' wa.., situated Bear the C::1 R. R. depot until the latter was built.

10
who lived where Dr. Ware'st house now stands, and who had the only turnin-g lathe within 1niles of Athens. All north of Hancock Avenue was a dense forest. The boys used to go to old Newton's for tops, and it was considered a 1nile or two in the country. It took at least half a clay to go, to get a top and return. It is true we had often to wait for the tops to be turned ancl then had to spin thern all the way back.
The next house in point of tin1e, if I ren1e1nber aright, was the one where Dr. Cicero l !olt thJ\V lives.t It was built by Judge Clayton, on the corner occupied by lVIrs. Pope. It fronted on Washington Street, and after n1aintaining its ground for thirty years or n1ore was re1noved to its present site. Judge Clayton sold it to Mrs. Farrar after he had built and ren1ovecl to the hmne which served hin1 the ren~ainder of his life and where his ve11erable widow still lives.* This was originally a sn1al1 house with two roo111s belo\v and as n1a11y above stairs, and stood near the lower bridge, where the Factory boarding house is now. It was owned and occupied then by a l'vlr. Droclnnan and was the first CllljJorill1n of fashion in ,Athens; but Easley's reservation being deserted for the n1ore fashionable west end, and \Vn1. lL liunt, having
tDr. l,yndons. t"\Vhere the Govenunent Duildhu; now stands. "'This house recently .o,;tood next the Moss Warehouse

11
established a more modern en'Lporium, on what is now the Newton 1--iousc corner, Brockman gave up the contest and rnoved to parts unknown. Judge Clayton then bought his house and removed it to his lot, setting it upon brick pillars and adding the wings and shed roon1s.
About 1812, Capt. Cary sold his "Hotel" on Broad Strcel: to ~1ajor 1-lcKigney and built a three story house on ::\1r. Surnn1cy's square.~ It was a little back of .lVIr. Childs' house and be tween that and J\Jr. Sun1n1e)''s. '"l'he entrance was fr01n Clayton Strc~t, and the present front yards of these gentlen1cn were the gardens, fimal and vegetable. For tnauy years it was the fashionable boarding house, ancl there all the fourth of July dinners,' society anniversaries and con1mencen1ent balls were held. lt was sold to ).fr. John 1\isbet, who divided the square, putting up 1\tr. Stnnn1ey's house on one-half and leaving the old tenernent to go to ruin. This was knO\'\ n as the Swinging Limb and becan1e the lodgin.::-; place of rats and bats, old bachelors and sitnilar disreputable characters. Subsequently, 1-.'Ir. Jacob Phinizy bonght the lot and built ).fr. Childs house, leaving no vestige of the S"'Hinging Limh to remind one of its existence.
Prior to 1820 there were no in1prove1nents \Yest of Lumpkin Street. The Jefferson Roarl
1J tF.ast side of Tho1nas Street between Clayton and "\Vashington.

12

left College ;-\venue near Dr. 1-Ienry Carlton's

office* and passed through the lots of ).1 essrs.

John JI. ~ewton, Lewis Lan"Jpkin, the ::\lethoclisl

Church, Thomas Crawford and ).lrs. IIarden'.s

io Prince 1\venue, which is the Jeffe1sou H.oad

fron~ titne in1men1orial. ~'\11 that part of the

tO\Yl1 was in woods, not a stick amiss, e:_-.__cept a

cabin about where l\Jrs. 1Hanton "Hill's ~Jon.:<>e

stands, built by Col. Thaddeus }Jolt. in which

Lis five sons kept bachelor's hall whilst they we1e

students in the t:niversity, and a sn~all house on

the corner of .:.\lrs. Vincent's lot, built in 181<;.

'The house of l\Jr. Jonathan Hampton't was oc-

cupied at that ti1ne by a ~'f rs. Jones, \vhose two

daughters and nieces 1nade it a most clelightfni

place to spend an evening. nut this was in th<.-'

country and never a town lot. These with DL

I-Iull's c01nprised all of the houses \Vest of Col-

II

lege Avenue and north of I-Iancock .:\venue.

\-vithin a n1ile of the College.

The first building of any note after this tin1c

was the Dougherty place, built by Col. ~icho.la.s

VVare, one of the Board of Trustees and a n1enl-

ber of Congress. T-Ie had four sons to be edu-

cated and moved to Athens for that purpose, but

died a few tnonths afterwards. That lot -...va"

considered the first choice of all and was held at

the highest price for town lots. I cannot ren1cm-

*Hod_l!son btt lding- opoosite Southern :>.rutuai office. tJ. 1'. Fears' hm1.~e on~- Ltlll11Jkin Street.

13
bcr the order in \vhich houses were built after this.
T'hc brightening prospects of the Cniversity emcl a gTO\Ying desire to educate their children brought tnany substantial families to increase the population. There was a great demand fn~ carpenters and building material, and a live Yankee na1necl Peck, frorn Vennont \vith thn::~ of four sons and several kinsm.en, all active carpenters, were irnported, \Vho astonished tbe natives by the rapidity of their work. They built ~Ir. John 1-:f. :1'\ewton's and the Dougheny houses and the l\Icthodist Church as it first stood. They built Col. IIardernan's house for Dr. Church, and 1\Ir. Jas. IZ. Carlton's for \Villiam J\Ioorc-(one c)f Gov. Cilm.er's Broad River folks in the Georgians.) Other houses were erected at the sarnc tirr1e; "!\Irs. Turner's for Dr. J as. Nisbet, l\IIr. \Veatherly's for ?doses Dobbins. long the Rector of the Grann-nar School. The house which Dr. Ware replaced with his handsome residence, was built for }\'Ir. Ebenezer X cwton, ~Iajor Lamar Cobb's for 1\'Ir. i'\.lfred Nisbet, Mrs. Vincent's for 1VIr. Hancock, 2\'Irs. Daynon's for \Vright Rogers, :0.lrs. Ada1ns' for .[..!frs. Foster, ).'frs. Bradford's for Dr. ICing frmn Greene county, lVfr. Thos. Cra\vford's for John Bird, Judge Hillyer's for Dr. A. D. Linton, and Mr. F. W. Lucas' for ~1r. John Nisbet.
Andrew Graharn, from North Carolina, erected

14
what was then the largest store in town, on th~ National Bank corner and becatne the first serious rival of l\1r. Thon"las for public patronage. The piazza in front of his store becarne the Cit_,, Exchange where all classes of citizens asscn1~led to discuss the affairs of the nation, state, town and college or talk politics, religion, philosophy and farn1ing. Craha1n's was the place to go to if you \Vished to rneet con"lpany in generai or see any one in particular. lVIr. Grahan1 was a fat amiable old bachelor weighing about 350 lbs. J--fe prospered in business and bought the house and lot now owned by Dr. R. 11. Stnith, but in a few years died of apoplexy.
_:\Ir. Peyton ).[oore's house \Yas built by ~lr. Paul Coalson, a graduate of r822. ::\Ir. \Viley Sledge, still retnarkable at the age of 86 for hl-; ~trength and activity, n1ade the first im_proveme11t on Gen. F'rierson's lot. On the san1e square, corner of Dougherty and Thcnnas Streets, a srna!l house \\'as built by Osborne Gathright, a Yirginian, a jack at all trades and certainly good at none. I-Ie could n1ake a \'.:agon 01- a wheelbarrow, build a house and paint it. I--Iis tnain trade was cabinet tnaking, and he boasted o his capacity as a n1ilhvrig-ht. J have no doubt he would have undertaken to build a cotton factory if called upon. but unfortunately for his reputation his works generally fell to piece before n1nch use could be n1ade of then1. ffe wa'3

15
patient under any arnount of abuse. Ivfajor \Valker once saiu to him "Gathright, you are a worthless, lying puppy!" "Never tnind Nlajor," said Gathright, "you will be sorry for that when I get to be the 111ost popular man in town.'' l-Ie sued a citizen in a ~/lagistrate's court, who offered son1e notes of the plaintiff as an offset. ").{ay it please your honor," said Gath, pleading his own case "let hin1. offer these notes, and he can't get a n1an in .AthetlS to give a red ,ent for them, and there's no justice in tnaking tne take notes in paynnent of a just debt which no other rnan would have.'
Tlle house across 'rhon1as Street was built by Capt. Vim. B. Taylor for a kitchen; the Captain can1e to Athens fron1 Richinoncl, Va., laboring under the hallucination, co1nn1on to most Virginians of that day, that sin1ply cmning to Georgia would 111ake thern rich> and the first thing they did was to n1ake arrangernents to spend the n1oney they expected to come into their hands. Capt. Taylor, a good and amiable man, like 1nany others, was disappointed in his coming funds and never built his projected palatial residence. 1Ie lived in his kitchen as long as means enabled him, then sold his lot, and the kitchen rernains to this day.
The Female Acadc1ny lot was given by the Trustees of the University, and the title confirmed by Legislative grant, to the Trustees of the

16
.\.caden1y. The house was built by private contribution. The house occupied by .:\Irs. Sparks was built by Prof. Jno. R. Golding; Dr. Hoyt's house by Mrs. Baldwin, Capt. Barry's, l\fr. Scudder's and the Coppee houses \Ycre all built by Dr. Tinsley.
The late .l'virs. 1-Iodgson's honse, bclo\.V the carriage shops, was first the horne of Sterling Lane, son of old Jonathan Lane, one of the fir~t white 1nen living west of the Oconee River. Sterling Lane was a young man of fine p1om.ise. l-Ie read law with :!\IL Upson, of Lexington, and was ad111itted to the bar, but prcterred c0111lnerce to the law and after building a hon1c and a prosperous business clicd in 1820 of typhus fever, universally regretted. His father plantc:l the large cedars in the yard when they were 1nere S\vitcbes. _:_ur. \Vil1lan1 Lurnpkin aftcr\vards bought the house and lived there for n1an_v years.
CHAPTER II. I-<or a quarter of a century at least, the inte,-ests of ~\tllcns and of the University went hand in hancl~thcy rose or fell togethcc. lnclccd one ,.,as nothing without -the other. The Lni';CJ-sity of Georgia had its Jegal conception in an act of the Legislature. appnr.-:d February 25, 1784. the intention of which pt-iJnarily was to lay out amid the Yirgin forests of the State two counties, \Vashington and Ft-ank-

r
17
lin; the one extending horn the line of Richn1ond and Wilkes to the Oconee river, and the other frorn VVilkes to the Cherokee ~ation, between the Oconee and the Keowee Rivers.
A section of that act provides: "~ \nd whereas the cncot}lagctnent of religion and learning is an object of great in1portance to any con-ttntu1it~. and tnust tend to the prosperity, happiness anci advantag-e of the sarnc, Be it therefore cnactcr1. etc., that the County Surveyors in1n1ecliately a{ier the passing of this act shall proceed to lay out in each county tvvcnty thousand acres of land oi the fi.Jst qnality in separate ttacts of fiye thousand acres each for the endO\Yl11Cnt of a College. or seminary of learning, and which said lands shall be vested in and granted in trust to his hono1 the Covernor, forth~ titnc being, and John l-Ions~ ton,' jan1es J-Iabcrshc.un. \Villian1 Fe\Y, Josep'l Clay, . \brahan1 Uald\vin, \Villian1 1-Iouston, l\athan Bro-wnson, and their snccessors in office, who are hereby n01ninatecl and appointed Trustees for the said College 01- seminary of learning and empowered to do all snch things as tc them shall appear requisite and necessary to ior\Yard the estahlishn1ent and progress of the :::.an1e
In pursuance \Yhcreof the eight tracts \YCre laid ont \Yhich are now included in the connti2s of I-Iancock, Oglethorpe, Greene. Clarke, Jack~ son and Pranklin and still another aCI-oss the

18
Savannah l-iver in the State of South Caroliua, which will be treated hercafteL These tra~ts were known as the Fishing and the Fallin~ Creek tracts in Oglethorpe, the Richland Creek tract in Greene, the Sandy C1eek tract in Clarke, the Shoal Creek tract in Franklin, the Shoulderbone tract in llancock and the }(eo\vee tract in South Carolina.
'l'he following year, 1785, a bill was introducetl to con1plcte the establishn1cnt of a "public seat o learning,' which was app1oved January 27, 1785, and constitutes the Charter of the Gn~ versity of Georgia.
\iVhal was the value of this gift at the tin1~, we do not kno'v .. \Vhen the grants by the State were n1ade, there being very 1nuch land and a very few peopk in Georgia the 40,000 acres could noi have been \Vorth very much. Governor \Vilson Lun1pkin, in a letter published in 1859. said that his father \vas the grantee of a large tract of land in the n1iddle part of the Staie ; and in 1783, sold 400 acres for a rifle and another tract of 400 acres for a saddle horse. If this be taken as a criterion, the 1nunificent gift of the State when the gtant was made, was worth about fifty rifles and as many saddle horses.
Dut comng out of the war of the Revolution, her people impoverished, her commerce destroyed, her resources limited, the State had nothing else but land, and such as she had she free-

19
ly g-ave. .\nd though valueless, it n1ay be, t1Jen the lands aftenvards yielded the University :1 permanent fund of one hundred thousand dollars. while the generosity of (;ovcrnor l\Iillcdge bro-ught her, first and last. thirty thousand clollars, and s1.1staincd her at sundry tirnes when in dire dstrcss. ln recognibon of her obligation to him. the L~niversity has called the chair of ancient languages "The ::\:fillcdgc Chair of .'\ncient Langu;g-~s-:" and in other resolutions, fron1 time to time, have the trnstces testified their appreciation of the gift.
Reference ha~ been made to the 10ss of s,uo.:> ac1es in the State of South Carolina ..
The line between Georgia andSouth Carolinot was the northern bank of the Savannah Ri\ er at high 'vater, frorn its n1outh to its intcrsecti<nt with the 35th parallel of north latitude and when.~ it forked, the larger of the two should be considen~d a continuation of the Savannah. .!'(ow the Tugalo and Seneca fonned the first fork frorn its mouth. and it becan1e a question which was the larger. It was generally conceded that the Seneca 'vas the principal strea1n and \Vas tbe::-refore COHSiderecl the bOUndary between_ the SL.c;.tcS. The lands between the rivel-s belonged then to Georgia, a part of which 5,000 acres lving near the junction and very valuable \Vere deeded by the State with other tracts to the l.In-i"\ er~.ity. Thls district was represented in the Geoq.~i;:~ I cs;

20
islature by a Mr. Lane. Subsequent surveys prctcndhtp, to be n1ore carefully 1nade determined that the Tugalo. was the larger river, and it becan1e the boundry line, thereby losing to the i 'niversity of Georgia her s,ooo valuable at.Tcs..
But our Board of Trustees resolved to .nake an effort to retain it, supposing that such a tract, away in the baclnvoods, rctnote fron1 any settlerncnt, when public lands were \vorrh but little tnore than the cost of surveying tiH~Pl could be of small consideration to a State. apponncd one of their own b::Jdy, a lawyet- of distinction, to \vait on the Legislature of South Carolina then in session, and ask that the grant to the land :-hould be confixrned to the University-not donbL ing that so srnall a favor would be granted. Col. C _ was a 1nan of exquisite taste in wines and brandies, or as least he thought so, and kept that gift in active exercise on all proper occasions and son1etin1es when the occasion \vas not proper. The South Carolinians kne\Y exactly how to entertain such a n1an with becon1ing hospitalit_y. There were some n1etnbcrs of the Legislature \vho learning the object of the Colonel's visit, and clc-.<;iring to own the1nselves the land in question, determined to prevent the confinnation of th~.: gt,ant and succeeded in keeping our delegate: iu such a blissful state of tasting and testing certa1n old and costly liquors that he did not have an op~ p:>rtnnity to present the claims of the University

OI,D COLLEGE--THE OLDEST BUILnn;G IX ATHENS

21
until th~ J..,egislaturc adjourned. Uef01e its next meeting the lands were sold.
The incon1c of the Cnive1sity was deriveU ftont the rents of land g-ranted to it by the state and as land v..'as very cheap none Lnt the poorest as a rule (an.(l tbcy \\ere poor because they vvere lazy', reated then1; conse{ll1Clltly the incon1e \vas small and very uncertain.
)..1r .. ~/Icigs was appointeU president upon exam.ination" at a sala1y of ftfteen hundred dollars, and four hunclt-cd dollars to pay the expenses of removal to ..:-\thcns. The following year, upon lJis arrival and introduction h1 the tn1stccs, tbey directed }lr. :\lcigs to erect on: or more log buildings fm tl1c college, and requested hin1 to teach until enough students .shonld al.tend to authorize the employment of a tutoL
The sut-rounding-s were nnpromisiug. hut not1J.ing daunted, President _;_\_] cig:..: set to ,,.ork with zeal and vigor to organize a school in th~ \vooUs.
J-Te had a clearing 111aclc f01 the calllpns, :-> streel was laid out, lots were staked off and rl tuwn projected. Several citizens frotn other pari.; of the State, atnong- thetn the Rev. I-Iopc I-lu11, came \\ ith theit- families and settled in the Yillage.
Tltc Trustees borro\,:ed t]yc thoue;'l11(1 dollars on a 111ortgagc and thus n:-enforced, ordered the erection of the 1-nick building which still stands.

22

the earliest n1onurnent of their efforts, and

kncnvn to every student as "Old College."

The difficulties of building would now be

8

thought almost insunnountable. Litne cost $ro

\

a cask and nails were proportionately high. Doth

had to be hauled in wagons frorn 1\ugusta.

nrick 1nacle five n1iles away cost $7.50 per thou-

1

sand and $4 111ore for laying thetn. All building

l\

1naterial was difficult to get and n1echanics' labor

vas extren1ely unreliable. The contract for

bnilding Old College was let to Captain John

Billups, at "\Vhose "'tavern" the Comrnittee had

n1et to locate the University. .?vir. Easley built

the president's ho11se; and the fran1e school-

roon'l cost, completed, $r887.27.

ln spite of all difficulties, however, the in-

stitution grew. In Novetnber, r8o3, President

IVIeigs reported to the board that "'three dwelling

honses, three stores and a nun1ber of other valu-

able buildings have been erected on Front Street.

'f'he students, citizens and inhabitants of ;\then-:;

have been re111arkably healthy during the year,

and the spring has not failed as to quantity of

water, but rather increased. The nun1ber o

students has been between thirty and thirty-five.

'rwelve young gentlernen compose the senio~

class. They are pursuing with la11dable a1nbition

and singular industry a course of reading, study

and acadetnic exercises, and it is believed by the

first of .:\..1a.y next they will n1erit the first degree

23
usually conferred in all regular collegiate cstabEshn1ents.
In 1803, 1-Iope Hull, Thon1as P. Carnes and John Clarke were apointcd a "Prudential Committee" of the .trustees, a standing cornn1ittee upon which q devolved the duty of acting for the Board in case of erncrgcncy and of advising with the President at all ti111es in the interest of the college.
A Gran11nar School was established too, with Rev. John l-Iodge as 1naster, who was afterwards for a long time the Secretary of the Tru~1ecs. The gran1n1ar school was for n1any years .a valuable adjunct to the college in preparing boys ior the higher classes. It was the outcorne oi President J.\T cigs' cotnplaint that there were so few acaden<ics in the State which gave their pupils the preparation necessary for adn1ission tv college-a cornplaint which n1ay with justice be tnade at the present day. In later years the gratnn1ar school becarne unpopular frmn a custon1 of the faculty sentencing idle and refractory students to ''three n1onths in the granunar school," and in 1829 it was discontinued altogether.
A plat of the town and cmnpus, rnade by Mr. .:\leigs and i-.lr. 1-Iull, by direction of the Uoanl, shows at this tirne but few houses on the college grounds. The Old College, east of that the President's house~ a story-and-a half fran1c dwell

u u u J j_j

I_R.l ..

----F-R--0 -N-T---S-T--R -E-E-T-----" ~ .......

', ~

School House

~

<"o~



,

I

- President's House
t)Id Colleg'e

e

}

Rev. Hope Hul.l'~- l

Tow-n Spring

I

I

I

I

I

I

II!

C.rarnmar School

PLAT OF ATHENS AND THE CAMPUS IN 1805.
ing. \Vhich \\as aficnvarcl retnovcd to rnake room_ for the brick house now standing; the gran11nar school ncar the spot nov.' occupied by Professor \Villcox's house, and anothet wouden building on the present site of the Phi Kappa hall, the one spoken of in the Chronicle as "equal to a te1npo1ary school-roomH-a single room 20

25
feet square, with a chin1ney at one end, an unglazed window at the other ancl a ,loor in each side-these con1prised the itllpc<-wetner:ts 011 the .campus. No fence encloso:1l the. .l.rea, lhtt all was open, while Front Strc('t. nov1 knoh'n as
9
Broad, was a Jane cleared through t:he ''voods and full of stumps.
The necessity for a chapel was pres~ing, Cut no funds were available for the pnr11ose. ~n r8o8, I-Iope IIull offered that 1I thE. board \YOltld , give one hundred dollars fur- ~ belfry. he would cause to be erected a chapel 4:, by ()o f~et and 18 feet high. The offer was accepte.l att'l several trustees at once contribnt(:d to t;tc chapel fund. Thon1as Flournoy gave $32, General ~J\;viggs. $so, and Peter Randolph, $zoo.
The chapel was built on the spot where the present chapel stands and served its purpose for twelve years.
Fron1 its organization in 1801 to 181 I the Faculty consisted of a President, ?vir. }.1eigs, one Professor of French, Petit De Clairvi11e, and one Tutor, Addin Lewis, whose place in 1808 was
filled hy J an1cs lVf crriwether fOr a year, after
which 1\1 ons. Petit held on for two years and resigned in t8ro, leaving President l\1eigs alone in his glory to instruct all the classes in every departnlent of science. So the college can1e YC'r.J near to the gates of death, and the town had bul little n1ore vitality.

'

26

In 181 r the Faculty "\vas re-organized by the

election o Dr. John Uro\Vll, President, and Dr.

i
li

Henry Jackson and J\I r. ] ohn B. Colcling, Profc.~- sors. This galvanized the college illto spasrnoclic

!.\
;'

breathing, and the to\\Tl sympathized in the shock.

I'

.-\ few houses before vacant, were occupied anJ

some vvhitewashing, and 111ay be a little painting

clollc and the place looked for brighter days.

don't rcnle!llbcr that anyone \Yas so sanguine as

tn build a ne\V house or im.prove a vacant lot.

Trw hoped for itl1ptovement did not come, and

the college and to\Yll langnished, not\vithstancling

the election in 1813 of an additional Professor.

Dr. \Vm. C-recn.

l~ni this strengthening- of the Facnlt_,r clid not

have the expected effect of strcngthenilig- the in--

stitution. The rcn ts did not con1e in, and the

!lrofessor's salaries. ridiculously stnall thoug;1

t!1ey were, were not paid, no apparatus could b{:

hou~:-ht, no library -..vas within reach; so the col-

lege languished and the town sickened, and if the

1.cgislature had not authorized the Boar-d of

'rrustces to sell the lands ancl invest the proceeds.

l;otlt would soon han~ died togetlJer. That ini-

portani nreasure \vas adopted, and in L~I( tLe

lands V/erc sold and notes aud bou~'...; t:d.::cn in

pa_n11cnt.

The \\:ritcr has been present at every Com.-

mencetnent of the College since r804, though

his mernory only 1eachcs back to that of 1806.

,----.-
27
On this occasion a large crowd of people, oi all sorts, frmn the country and frmD towns, rnale and fetnale, old and young, in every variety of costmne, were assetnbled under a large Lusl1 arbor in front of the Old College, supplied with seats rnade ~of plank and slabs borrowed for the occasion fron1 Easley's saw rnill, resting on blocks or ,billets of woods which raised then1 fron1 the ground. T'hc stage for the Faculty, Trustees and speakers \vas erected at the side of the College building, and the speakers when called catne out of the door at the cast encl. The whole \vas built tnainly by the students.. 'l'he poles awl Ltush for the arbor \Vctc growing in less than two hunclrccl yards frotn the place where they vvere needed, the cnUing and drag-ging then1 was a tllet-e frolic. and as tnany hands tnake light work" the affair once began was soon cmuplcteJ.
Like all stnall Lays, the wntet was tnot-c interested in looking at the people than in listening to the speakecs. and as the seaLs provtded did but liule ntot-c than accouunudate the ladies, the nten and Loys stood around on Lhe outside. Une of the audience \\as particularly conspicuous. }le was a full heacl ancl shoulders above all others ncar hint and see1necl to be standingon a chair or bench. lle attracted the larg-er notice of all the stnall Loys who were atnazccl to finJ hint standing on his U\Vn proper feet,

-['

28

This was Bcnjan1in 1 Iarrison, a very an1iabl,~

young 111an, standing seven feet three inches in

his shoes. Of cou1sc the intelligent portion of

the audience were interested in the oratidns.

but the greater part looked on in stupid wonder

as if on a pageant, understanding about as n1uch

of the English as they did of the Ci"eek and

Latin speeches which \YCre delivered, all ho\\cvcr

wrapt in profound attention.

1

The hearty, rosy checked countty girls, in

(

their horncspun and calico dresses, looked with-

out a shade uf envy on Lhe pale languid faces of

the ladies f1or11 the n1iasmatic districts, dressed

in their fashionably 111acle silks and satins, and

regarded then1. rather with cmnmiseration, a-s

people who \Yuuld not n~ilk a cow or cook a din-

ner to save then~ fron~ starvation. As to the

men with kid gloves and silk stockings, they

created the sarne en~otions as a show of wax

figures-they were "n~ighty fancy but no usc.''

An old progran~n~e of the con~n~enccn1ent of

1814 contains the order of exercises, beginning

with "an illu1nination of the college." The

Cornn~encen1ent Sern~on by the President, on

Tuesday, ] uly 26. At 7 o'clock the san~e evening

was presented the tragedy of Cato by the stu-

dents. On VVcdnesday Orations \Vere delivered
by W. vV. Baldwin, J. M. Erwin, A Matthews,

and an Essay on Tobacco by lienry I lull; the

exercises closing by a farce, ''No song, no sup-

29
per," with Jabez 1\J.arshall . .:.,Iiles ~isbet, Fltnr) Hull, Elizur -=:\"e\vton, l\Iad-c .\. Coopet, \\r. I-T. and Robert Flournoy, Thaddeus Holt and others iu ,.the cast of chan1cters. On Tln11sday an address to volunteers y.-as delivered by Eliznr L. ~ewtmi with orations by Duncan C. Carnpbell. Asbury and Jienry T-Iull and Thaddeus Tiolt after which degrees '\vere conferrecl. These exercises' were held sub arboribus.
During the \Var of 18 I 2 the stringency or the tin1es bore heavily upon the people of Georgia and this was reficcted in the fortunes of the College. The attendance of students fell off, salaries of Professors were cut in half and the outlook "\vas glootny.
Y car after year the prospect of the College grcw darker, until for three years, r8r7-'18-'I9 there was a virtual suspension of work. In r8rg the Board elected to the Presidency the 1nost popular educator in the South, Dr. J\.1oses VVaddcll, who had nun~bered among his pupils John C. Calhoun, George McDuffie and J an~es L. Pittman, of South Carolina, \:V1n. H. Crawford, George R. Giltner and A. B. Longstreet, of Georgia. Dr. Henry Jackson, J\Tr. John R. Golding and Dr. Alonzo Church were elected Professors and 1\1r. Ebenezer Newton, Tutor.
These constituted the best Faculty the College had ever had, which together with the new cndown1ent ga-ve new life to the institution, and

30
the town partaking of the inspiration began to grow and to assume a life and activity that surprised the oldest inhabitants. l\Tany lots that had been sold and rernained uni1nprovecl fro111 the beginning, changed hands, new lots were brought into 1narket, and men with fan1ilies Hocked to the seat of the University to educate their children. The Philosophical Hall was built and equipped with new apparatus, and the Univerisity entered upon a career of usefulness ,,hich is unabated to the present day.
CHAPTER III. The pleasun~ which is derived fron1 reading descriptions of the people of forrner tirnes. their natncs and custon1s, their dress. their physical. moral and political conditions, their religious faith and practice, arises fron1 the difference which the reader observes to exist in the fon11cr and present condition of these things. 'to note these changes, and the causes which led to thcn1
that ""e 1nay a ,oid the things which expenencc
teaches to be evil, and cleave to that which is good is the chief value of History. But the \\ 1iter has no object so grave and ambitious as this. 1-Ie writes these re1niniscences to occupy an idle hour and in the hope that he tnay give pleasure to sorne old people who n1ay ren1e111her nwny of the persons and incidents which 1nay be recalled to n1ind, and that the young tnay learn the changes which have taken place in our town

31
since the dayS Of their grandfather.s. The first Doctor v1.rho settled in 1\thens was a
Dr. VVright, who can1e fron1 Connecticut with President Ivieigs. Ile was an educated n1ai1 and a gentletnan, but so wanting in tact and cotnnwn sense that he did not secure the csteetn of the people. Retnrning fron1 a professional visit he he was stopped by an old woman living by the roadside toprescribe for her son, who was suffering frorn a violent attack of colic. "Can you give hin1 an cnem_g_?" asked the Doctor. "0 yes -I can give hlm~ything.' "Well, rnix the rnedicine I'll send you in three half pints of vvarm water and give it." The next day passing by the Doctor inquired after the lad. "Oh said his mother, he's a heap better, but I couldn't make him swallow mor'n half that ar dost, but it worked him powerful, up and dov-.n~." "Ah well" said the Doctor ''he swallowed enough .. , This incident illustrates the difficulties of the practice in a frontier settlen1ent. The people venerated the Doctor but could never see the necessity of nwre than one visit, nor the propriety of charging for an attention which any neighbor would be glad to render for nothing.
Dr. \i\fright sold his possessions and good will to Dr. :Hugh Neisler; for one doctor, one lawyer, one blacksn~ith and one preacher were sufficient for the wants of the c01nmunity at that time. Dr. N cislcr was of Gennan extraction, though a

32
native of ~ orth Carolina. IIe Jnarricd the sister of l\lajor Thotnas l\Iitchell, so lOng the popular representative o[ Clarke County in the Lcgi~la turc. Dr. Neisler \vas a tnan of tnarked character. honest, cr-edulous, confiding and truthful. Ilc looked upon his neighbors as his personal friends and treated then1 as such. lle hacl not the education of his predecessor. 1-!e \vas an1icted with a strange 1nalady, Sotnnolence, under which he sufierecl fro1n the writer's first recollection of hin1 till his death. Feeling a patient's pulse invariably put hin1 to sleep, yet a sleep, so light that a word 01- 1T10ven1ent vvould arouse hin-1, and it vvould appear front his reply to a question that he did not lose consciousness. He was an1ong the best Latin scholars of the day. The Trustees of the l)niversit.Y engaged hin1 to fill temp~Jrarily the place of the Rector 01 the' Cran1111ar School, it being perfectly practicable for hitn to teach the boys and attend to hi~ patients during play hours aucl at night. Th,..: \\Titer was a tnember of the school and has a vivid recollection of a Sll~al1 pocket edition of \irgil (his favorite author), which he always carried \Vith hin1. \iVhile hearing a class he \\unlcl usually fall into appal-ent sleep. but a suspension of the voice or a mistranslation of a sentence 1.vould arouse hin1 immediately. This kind hearted gentlctnan did not whip a single boy dut-ing his adtTlinistration of the school. J fc

33
had him~elf g .. ".at respect for his profession and exacted the same fran'! others. A._ gentlen~an hom Savannah came for a few days to _,_\thens. One night his wife '-'-"as laken ill and he went to the Doctor for s01ne IDcclicine, and the next day called for his bill. "Five dollars for a vial of laudanmn !'' exclaimed the tnan. "I charge you nothing for the laudanum," said the Doctor contcn1ptuously, "you are >-velconlc to it; but sir, wlien yon knock up a scientific n1an at Iniclnight you nn1st expect to pay for it." Rest in peace, bdovcd teacher and friend .
.~_\Irs. Lucy Cary. the wido\v of Dudley Cary, of C1ouccstcr, \-a.. \Yas among the earliest Selt.lers of ~-\thens. She \vas such a lacly as "\VC 111ay suppose :!\Iary \Vashington to haye been. She knew Ceneral \Vashington and his \Yife a~ well as most other distinguished Virginians in her youn<..; days. J-fer n1annets \Yere forn1ed fron1 the best models of Virginia soc-iety-gentle, coutteous, cltgnified, cheerful--a~ kind to one of her slaves as to a \\bite person of the ~ame age: and the result was that her slaves not only loved un<l re.spected her but ptided tllcn1sclves in belongln~ to an old \irginia fan1ily. :\fany a student of 'Dr. \\'adde11's day ,,ill t-cn1cmbcr old Dick Cary, the bell ringer and college ~er-vant. Jle \Yas a tall, fine looking old negro. "\veating his white hair very long. that is to say very bushy. He "\\ ac; alway~ ''ell dres~ecl and dep::1rtec.l hir::1self

"';?:''
ac; if he considered his office in t11e college second only to Dr. \Vadclcll's, and frotn no other would he take ordeJs. ::\Irs. Cary had the best trained houscn1a-ids-con1cly. full-blooded negro girls, ahvays neat \Yith heads covered with colore~l headkerchiefs very art1stica11y arranged.
I {O\Y distinct after the lapse of so n1any year;;: i-:. the recollection of ::\{rs. Cary. The writer nc\er sa\V her in any other than a black silk dress: her tall cap and neckerchief \Yerc of the finest l_ltlality, \vhitc as snow u.ncl looked as if they had just come frotn the hands of the laundress. llcr parlor, althoug-h the walls \Yere of hewn logs, was as white and spotless as her cap, and the uncarpeted floor as clean and bright as i-f the planks had just left the plane. Then her tea table and service and snowy napkins; such tea and breaJ and sandwiches and cakes~ \Ve shall never look upon the like again.
Mrs. Cary was the tnother of two daugh Lers and two sons. One of the daughters was married to Mr. Stevens Thomas; she died young, leaving t'\vo children, yet living; Ivir. Stevens Thotnas and l\1 rs. Paulina Harris. The other '\Vas married to l\1r . .r\Isa ~rJ oore and lived n1ore than four score yen.rs. The yonnger son, Peyton Cary. was a young tnan of rare pron1ise. lie had c_-,;:traordinary tnechanical genius, and without any instruction in tnetal1urgy or engraving he c:a.st of solid silver and engraved the seal of the

35
L-nivcrSity, presenting it to his 1\ln1a Mater. The Trustees adopted it, and it is used upon their documents to this day. No young n1an ever lived in ;\ihcns n10rc esteemed or died rnore deeply lamented. ::\1rs. Cary's descendants to the third and fourth generations are living in .Athens, and her g-reat-granddaughters, lovely and accon1plished as they arc, \Yould be proud to clain1 her if they had known her as the writer did. J\{any years before her death her children had all left her, but she enjoyed the society of young people, and generally had son1e. of her granddaug-hters and their friends to stay with her. It was a delightful place to spend the ccvning-which had a slightly different meaning fron1 what the phrase docs 110\V.
An evening party of that day would now be called a 'l'Jlatinee. Young gentlen1en calling upon ladies \vould present thetnselves soon after sunset and it \vas as certainly expected that they would take tea as that they would leave by nine o'clock. ~\.t all entertaitnnents too, seats were provided for all the gnests and evet-ything for their comfort~- the viands were abundant and S';Jbstantial and no one was asked to take any thingstandin.r:: except a glass of wine or brandy and water at the sideboard.
Captain John Cary was a brother of Dndley Cary. He was a gentlen1an reduced frmn affluence to very limited tneans for the tnaintcnance and education of his family, but kept up the

36

111anners and customs of old Virginia-entertain-

ing young and old at his house with a dance

and good cheer, varied with rnarvdous stories of

his hunting exploits in \ -irginia. ] le \vas ap-

pointed Steward of the College, and in 1813 Pay-

Inaster of the Georgia rnilitia.

~\t Capt. Car_y's hoarding house were two ln-

cban stuJents. The _L\ppalachee ''as then a part uf the eastern buunJary uf the Cherokee .Gation.

and the lnJians, selling their Jnuccasins, dressed

deer skins and cane baskets were as cornmon in

""-\thens as the traders fnnn llabersham and l(a.bun are now. President ~leigs \Yas very desir-

ous tu have the lndians send their boys to col-
lege and induced t\vo or three Cherokees to n1ake
the experin1cnt. These two boys, J ue a11Cl Den

(

::\1 arshall, held out longer than the others. 'Ti1ey
were tnuch petted by the President ancl \\ere



popular -..viih the students un accoupt ui their su-

periority in all athletic sp01ts. They tnadc very

unsatisfactmy progress in their studies. T'hc

vvriter sa\\" then1 both in !835-spent the night ar Joe }farshall"s house in the Creek ~aiion, bul did

\

not sec hitn until at breakfast next rnornin!J:". J: tc

had grown very fat and stupid, rcmciTrbering .10body l1e had ever known in ~\thens exccpl }lr. ~lcigs and .:\I 1". Thmnas, and could not re:.~all

any of the students. This however tnight have

been owing partly to the fact of his being '.ery

drunk the night hefure. J Ie was a pure Indian

I
~.

37
i11 dress a11d habits and scc!llccl llOt to have profited at all by his intercourse \Yith the whites. J lis brother f3en on the conttaty, \Vhutn the \\Titer met a fe\v days afterwards in Cohunbus. \Y<ls -..veil dressed and had shrewdness enough to select for his rescr-"i.mtion the barren sand hills opposite Coh1n1bus, on which now stands the town of Girard.
.l\t[rs. Puryear, \\hose husband was n1urclert::d by his neg-roes on the plantation about five Jnilcs below Athens, now belonging to the Grailan1 estate, was a lady of the old \"irginia school, full of energy and resolve, and n1aP:1gccl her family affairs with great \Yisdom. U cr daug-hters were beautiful -..votucn, carefully educated in all the arts of housc\-vifcry and taught by the exatnple of their mother to be industrious and cconon1ica1. The} were consequently 11111cb aclnrired and all nlan-iccl ) oung_
.:.'drs. Pt.u-ycar \Yas married the second t1111e to ::\Tajor Charles Dougherty and becarue the 1nothc1of the three disting-uished Ceorgians, Charles, Robe1t and \Villian1 Dougherty. Their -father died \Yhcn they \verc too young to rentcJnbel- hint, so they "\Yere left to tile care of the n1other a second Lin1c a widow. Though ,ncn of rctnarkable natl.i:ral cndO'-Yll1Cnts, their t-apid advanccrncnt in popular favor and suness at the bar were attrilmted as 1nuch to her firn1 and judicious training as to ti1ci1 own talents. She \\as a devoted nlcl11ber of the Presb}tcrian Church. belie\cd its doc-

3!l

trine and practiced iL<> precepis. and was regard~ cd by all as a ''n1oiher in Israel." .'\fier :I:viajor Dougherty's death she tnoved from the plantation to a house on the lot now occupied by her granddaughter, IVIrs. Nat Barnard.

?\Irs. Puryear's eldest daughter 111arried .:.Hajor lUcl<.igncy who bought Capiain Cary's old hotel,

and who found in his young wife an industrious

energetic helper in providing for the con1fort of his boarders . .F-Ie was an an"liable and prosperous

rnan and 1nuch esteen1ed, but died three or four years after his 111arriagc, leaving his wife with two children. One of these, Rebecca, was lTiar-

niiecl to Judge ]an1es l\lcrri-...vether, long a lnembcr o ihe 1,..egislature and of Congress. Mrs. ::\fc!-(igney aftenYarcls 1narried Captain Sarnucl

nrown. If Jove goes by contrast it 1nay account

for l\1rs. ::\ IcK.igney 1narrying Captain Drown.

,I

1 Ic was a 1nan of good habits but utterly \vantin.;

in enterprise, took life easily and \vas the rnost

taciturn of n1cn. I--Ie was the ::\1agistr3.tf' of rh~

.1\ thens f)istrict for rnany years and gave general

satisfaction. It was of course in1possib~e t(_1 plc~8e

everybody, and occassionally exceptir)J!S \\"ere

taken to his decisions. "I never expec.LeJ jqsticc

in this court" said a litigant once. "You didn't!" said the Captain, "then sir, I"ll sen1l y~'))l '"here you can get justice," and so bound hi1n over requiring hitn to give bond or go to jail. He was said to be rather partial to that process arising

39
perhaps~frotD a n1oclcst estimate of his knowledge of the law. Some surprise was expressed at 1\Irs. McKigney n~arrying Captain Bro\vn, to which she replied that she had found it very inconvcnient to live without a man about the house and she tho11gl1t she could n1anage a husband better than 3.nybody else.
Captain Drown besides enlarging his hotel built a stT1~11 store on the conH.T \\here Center & L\..C'avcs' now stands, and supplying it with a general stock, en1ployecl John l~uyers as clerk. Buyers was as old, as taciturn as his en1ployer, and several degrees more indolent. Mrs. Bro-wn \vas at one titne afHictcd \vith u1cers on her hands. ;\ftcr <loctoring tlu_'lll herself she sent for the fatnll.'- physician. "Xo-\v Doctor," said she. ''you are a believer in Divine Pn)viclcncc and all that; !lO\.,_,- tell 111e why it is that I, \vho an1 willing- to work. should be laid up with sore hands, \\eek after week, unable to do a hand's turn for n1y fan1ily, while ::\Ir. l~rO\Vll. and \....llcl Buyers \Y11o nen?r UiU do anything, never ha(l anything t.l1e 1natter \Yith their hands?"
Thirty years ago the people who knew anything of ~\ thens would have reganled it a strange thing that any account of the local history of the to\vn a11d Unive1sit) should omit the name of Rev. Ilope ]-lull. ITe ca1ne to .Athens in the yPar rgo3; boug-ht of Daniel Easley, the house in which Mr. Edward Hodgson now lives and

40

lbe tract of land 110\V owned by Colonel Yancey,

by the Fair Grounds, then an unbroken forest

::

excepting- a small field on the river, about i\\'<::nty

acres in the extent, cleared and cultivated after

their fashion by a tribe of Cherokees. l-[e lived

several years in the village, during \\llich interval he buill a house about four hundred ~vards

east of the p1esent Fair Grounds. I-Ie tnovecl

into this house, lived there and died there in

r8r8. 'The house was sornc years aftenvards

nwvecl into town by the w1itcr and is now owned and occupied by Dr. Joseph n. Cadton. ~[r. 1Iull

devoted himself with untiring industry to the

tnaterial. intellectual and spiritual advancClnent

of the whole community. and perhaps no 1nan

contributed so 111Uch to stamp indcEbly upon

then1 the sober and religious charactcT which the town and vicinity have always borne. The fol-

lowing sketch taken fron1 Sprague's .-\nna1s of

the American Pulpit, n1ay n1ect the eyes o sornc

old enough to rcmernbcr hin1, and of 111any who

have heanl of hint hon1 their fathers.

"Few if any names of fvJethoclist evangelists

were tnore venetated in the South toward the

end of the last and the beginning of the present centnries than that of I--:f ope IT ull. _[\ rnan of

sterling abilities and character, his influence be-

cante general. A singularly pet-suasive eloquence of \Yhich tradition :in both ~ew England and

the extreme South still speaks with wonders.

41
made l1itn one of the chief an1ong the many eloquent itinerants of those days ; and great purit_v and firn1ncss of character, and soundness and large11ess of rnind, combined wlth dignity and simplicity ()f nwJmcls, secured hirn n1ore than popularity, universal respect and confidence. ~-ie was born on the Eastern shore of :!\Iarylancl iu T7GJ, joined the .:\lethodists in naltimorc in bis y<)nth, was received into the HaltitTlorc Conference in 1785, ancl sent to Salisbury Cir'-uit. ~orth Carolina. I--lis rare talents gave hin1 itnlnediaic success, and for two years he was one of the principal founders of the Church in Xorth vncl South Carolina and Georgia. The unfortunate Beverly .:\llen hacl been sent to Gcmgit a-- early as 1785. but he fonned few if any sc)cieties in his first labors there. I-J ull vvas sent to \Vashington, in \Vilkes County, in 1788, the E:rst tin1c that the name of the circuit appears in the :0-Llnutes. He is therefore supposed to be the founder of l\1ethoclisn1 in that region. IIe was in tnany places the first l\fethoclist preacher the people bad ever seen and to many the first preacher of any denon1ination. It '''as chiefly through his exertions that the first l)rick building was etectcd in \Vashi11gton. designed to be used as an Academy.'' ~-\sbury sent hin1 to Nevv England, \Yhere he effectively co-operated with L,ce and his 1ittle band. fn I 793 he was back again laying siege to Savannah. and riding that circuit. In 1794

42

he was Asbury's traveling con1panion, sharing

~

the adventurous toils of the Bishop in n1any a

hard field. To\.vards the close of our present

period his health and dmnestic circurnstances

con1pelled hin1 to locate. But the location of

itinerant lVIethodist preachers in that day "\vas

tnore a limitation than a cessation of their itiner-

ancy. They preached usually n1ore every \Vcek

than regnlar preachers in nwclcrn titncs and their

labors extended throuffh all the region round

about their honws, hventy, thirty or tnore n11les.

1--Iope 1-lull, though brought up a tnechanic, ha-::1

too large and thoughtful a tnind not to appreciate

the importance of eduCation. I--Ic hacl educated

hitnself on his circuits, studying, not only his own

but the Latin language and litet-aturc. IIis ob-

servation of the opening country convinced hin1

that next to Christianity, education was the great

requisite of the tin1.es, that the evident future

of the young nation rendered this \Yant i :npera-

tive. lie threw hirusclf therefore back upon one

of his retnote early circuits in \Vilkes Count\,

Ga., and with the advice of ..~\sbt1ry opcttecl a11

Acadetny. H.e only changed his field .,mel plan

r:of labor. The children of tnany lVIethocli8t falr,-

ilies were trained under his roof. Still latet he

nwvcd to Ai..ttens, Ca .. und helped t0 fot,l'.d t.b~

State l.:niversity there, the first building of

which had not yet been con1plctecl. Be bccan1.e

the n1ost active 111.etnber of the Board of Trustees

43
and continued such until his Ueath. Perhaps no n1an did 111ore for the prosperity of that institution.''
A veteran Methodist preacher (Rev. Lovick Pierce) who intin1ately kne\v him, says, "to help rescue the natne of I-Iope I-Iull fron1 oblivion I feel to be a reasonable and holy duty. Indeed, I have long felt that there was an undischarged obligation resting 11pon our Church in regard to this eminent tnan. J-T e was arnong the pioneer::; of J\1.cthodisn1 in Georgia, and in the vigor of his manhood, both as to his physical and ntental powers, his farne was ahnost \vorld-wiclc. I well rcntentber that in the Jays of tny youth, he used to be known under the coarse bttl graphic appellation of 'Broadaxe," an honorary distinction conferred on bitn becanse of the n1ighty power that attended his ntinistry. ).Ty eyes first fell on hint a~ he sat ncar the pulpit of a sntall log cabin, called ''1-Iull's l\1ecting I-Iouse," in Clarke County, ncar .Athens. It was a n1cn1orable day in 111y ov..r11 history. I had longed to sec and now I feared to meet hin1. It v.:as nt}' second year in the tninistry, and above all my fear of criticisn1 1nade his presence dreadful to n1e. The wonderful reports which had reached ntc ntacle n1c look upon hint rather as an august Lhan a fatherly being, anU when I sa'\\' hint there \vas nothing in the appearance of the real to relieve tny tnind of the dread of the ideal 111an. I-Iis heaU was rather

---

J
'

44

above ille medimn size, his black hair curling, just

sprinkled with gray, and each lock looking as if lrving under a scl willed govcrr11ncnt. f-Jis face

r

\';as an exceedingly fine one-a well developed fnreheacl, a small keen blue eye, -....vith a heavv

I

brow, indicative of intense thought. I-Iis should-

ers were unusually broad and square, his chest

wide, affording ample ro01n for his 1ungs ; his

body "\Vas long and large in proportion to his

lo\ver limbs: his voice full, J1exible and capable

of every variety of intonation, froiTI the softest

:-..ounds of syn1path_y and persuasion to the thun-

der tones of wrath. ?dany ignorant sinners

charged hin1 with having learned their secrets

and of using the pulpit to gratify hin1sclf in their

e--.::posure, and \Vhen convinced of their n~istake

have doubted whether he "vcre not a proplH:~t.

1-Iis oratory was natural, his action the unaffected

expression of his n~incl. Not only was there an

entire reedon~ fro111 everything like r:nannerism,

but there was a gTcat harmony behYeen his gestic-

ulation ancl the expression of his countenance. IJc

Sf'E:n~ed in son~e of his finest n~oods of thought to

look his words into you. He was one of Kature's

orators. In n~an:.v of his n1asterly efforts hi~'

'..vorcls rushed upon his audience like an ava-

lanche, ancl multitudes seen~ecl to be carried he-

fore hin1 like the yielding captives of a ston~1cd

castle. I was very intin1ate with hin1 for about ten

years, staying in his house, and talked and prayed

45
and praised_ witil hin1. .\t that tin1.e he was a local, I an ilineranl preache1 ; b~:t often did he leave hon1e and business to tra"\:el with n1e for days. "\II my intin1acy \.\ith hirn only served to multiply evidences of his exalted worlh Crave ancl gu~rded as he was. there \vere mornents when be entertained his friends \\"ith the rccilal of thrilling incidents in his history connected \vith the mo:r;e rustic fonns of ..;ociety with \vhich he had bee-n conversant. 'l'1.1cre was in many of l1is impromplu ren1arks the appearance of aln1ost prophetic appositcnr~ss. Ile survived till 181~, when he died, saying-, "God has laid tne 1:nder marching orders. I an1 ready to obey."'
CIL-\PTER I\ . The transition is natural from the subject of the extract quoled to the relig-ious clenmninations of the vicinity of .\lhens a half century agcj. Jt was prior to this that the first great can1p nledjng \vas held~ tvvo n1iles Lhis side of Lexington, at a place aftcnyarcls kno\\"11 as Jourdan's. :\Jr. William Lurr1pkin, a brother of the Governor, p0i11ted out the place to the writer and described the meeting. The m.ost n1arvelous effects of r~ lig-ous truth, heard for the first time. upon a rude backwoods pioneer people, were exhibited in the highest deg-ree. 1vfen, physically strong as athletes, accuston1ed to all the perils of Indian warfare anc1 danQ"ers of fnmtier life. would slart from the n1idst of a vast concourse of people, as

r
4o
if the preacher were leveling a rifle at them, run as if for life and before a hundred yards were passed, fall apparently as dead as if pierced with a ball. Mr. Lun1pkin knew 1nany of them who, fr01n being the worst, becatnc the best rnen in the com_munity.
Our irnrnediate vicinity was settled by einigrants, principally frorn Virginia and North Carolina, con1ing in farnilies and belonging to the sarne religous faith. The settlers of Sandy Creek district were Presbyterians and organized "Sanely Creek Church," first located on the stream fron1 which it took its narne, but afterwards moved several rniles west to its present location. A_rnong
the founders of this Church were Jan1es and
John Espey, two Revolutiunaty soldiers, who fonght at Guilford Courthouse and !Zing's ~foun tain, excellent 1nen and citizens of blan1eless, useful lives and irreproachable character.,
The settlers of the district east of the Oconee dcnvn to Barnett's Shoals, were l ~aptists. They were the I--Iales, Pittards, Bakers and 2\falones, This comn1unity built two tneeting houses, the Trail Creek Church,., near DL ::\I cCleskey'" present tcsic1encc, and '"J ~ig Creek Chnrch," at I ~arnett's Shoals.
I1et\vecn the forks of the Oconee River as far up as Ball county, which was then Cherokee Nation, all the people who belonged to any church
were :-.T ethodists. A.gain, the Barbour's Creek

47
settlen1ent was Baptist while below Watkinsville all were Methodists.. There was at that time a 1-nanifest disinclination on the part of all denon1inations to interfere with the religious faith of a neighborhood lest they should "build on another n1ari's foundation." :!VIr. John I-Iodge was the only Presbyterian preacher until Dr. Waddell's tirn.e, the latter organizing the Athens Church allcl securing the erection of the old church on the Campus, where the Library building now stands.
/ __. The first 1\1ethodist tneeting house on this side of the Oconee was built of small logs with the
bark on. It was a bout 22x24 covered with pine boards and presented externally the appearance of a negro cabin without a chirnney. There was a door on one side, and opposite to it, a box macle of the kind of boards that were used to cover the house, served for a pulpit. The floor was marie of split logs smoothed sotnewhat on one side by a broad ax and laid on the ground; the seats were of the same material set on four legs. Tl!is meeting house was on the land of Josiah FreeInan, near a spring about 500 yards east of lvl r. Barwick's house. In this miserable cabin two vf the most eloquent men of the time used to preach sometimes to a dozen, never to rnore than a hundred hearers. This house was a band 1ned, Church." He was a man of spotless character and in r8ro a more commodious building wa~

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,,
\1 ,j
1
~ J.
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erected a little south of the Fair Grounds. 'I'his Vv:ls "J-Inll's J\feeting 1-louse," and served nuti1 1824 when the first ~fethodist Church-the pn:decessor of the Brick Church-was built. '1'he lot was given by lvir. Thon1as fiancock of whom and his excellent wife, the writer can only s:ty rhat they were the tnost lovable and purest hc<:u-ted cld Methodist people he ever knew, and t1Ieie are few such left. They lived in the house nuw cccupied by Mrs. Vincent, where reduced from aftluence by cotnn1ercial losses, the.Y opened a Louse of public entertaintnent, where all \Vere v.e]cmne, both those who paid and those who Jid not; and tnost welcmne of all \vere those who could not.
The new church was a fran1e building about forty feet square with a gallery on three sides, and a rnan six feet high could have stood erecr under the floor of the pulpit. It was first in charge of Rev. Thon~as Stanley and afterwards of Lovick Pierce. After a few years, proving t0 be insufficient to accon1n1odate the congregation the building was enlarged by an addition of t\\ enty feet at the \vest end, and so stood until 1852.
The l~aptists \\ere nun1erically, as they are nnw. the largest ckn01nination. Rev. Isaiah Hale was the first pastor of "Trail Creek and "had in reputation by all the people." The writer was not capable of judging of the charac-

+9
tet- of his sermons as to the soundness of their theology, but his n~anncr of delivering thctn he will nCver iorgct. It was a peculiar intoning, a sort of sing-song, absolutely indescribable, that had to be. heard to be conceived of. Y ct it \\as not unpleasant after Lccmning accustotncd to it.
lt v.ras a custmn vith 1\Ir. Hale and, "\Vith his successor, ::.\1r. Goss, occasionally during the ser-mon to address personally and by narnc, son1c of the older tnetnbcrs of his congregation, Jnale and female, calling upon hin1 to approve so1nc sentiment or enquiring if his experience did not agree with that o the preacher. The cifcct of this was to secure the attention of his audience and add life to the services. Un the other hand if the preacher tnisqnoted a passage of scripture, an.y wember was at liberty to correct hin1. "Wherefore,' saicl the preacher, ''let hitn that standeth take heed lest he falL" "Let hin1 that t/rink:eth he standeth, Brother Gos::.," said a voice fron1 the congregation. ''Thank you, IJrother ..\Ialone,' said the preacher, ancl then quoted the passage correctly. The settlers of Trail Creek vvere Baptists, all industrious, honest fanners, paid their debts and lived peacea!Jl~c, and if one of thetn on rare occasions took a little too n1uch corn, none thought any the \Yorse of hitn whilst he behaved hin1sclf.
The relations vvhich existed between pastor and people in the denon1inations was very differ-

50
ent. The I\1ethodist itinerant saw the n1e1nbers of his Church not oftener than once in several weeks, and only for a short titne at that. His shad-bellied coat, broad-brin1n1ccl hat and solcn1n visage, in1presscd the people n1ore or less with av.,re. The Baptist pastor, on the othe1 hand, was usually a farn1er of the neighborhood, living like his parishioners, 1nceting them in the social circle, trading horses with thetn, buying and selling in the week and preaching on Sunday without money and without price. This engendered a fan1iliarity which, if it did not "breed conte111pt," frequently led to scenes very unbecorning a Church.
There "vas a n1an about Watkinsville named Philip Brown, commonly called Phil. I-Ie had from disease lost his hair when quite a young man, and his head was as smooth as a billiard ball. He wore a white cotton cap under his hat. He was a great wag, and made n1uch fnn oi his baldness, and while not a wicked man W8.S surely irreligious. The Baptist preachers of l\1ars I-Ii11 were in their doctrine decidedly hardshell. One of them, as the story goes was holding forth to a large congregation on the decrees and the sovereignty of God and the worthlessness of works, etc., and in the torrent of arguInent with rapid vehen1ence exclain1ed: "I tell you my brethren, if you ever get to heaven you will be taken there by the hair of your head."

LrcY Cmm I::\S'l'I'lTTE

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Phil Brovvn rose to his feet, thus attracting the notice of the whole congregation, snatched the cap honi his head and cried out, "Lord have mercy upon nw ~ what shall I do?"
An1o11g t.re householders who were residents of Athens sixty years ago, was Mrs. Sarah ICing, who ltvecl in the house to which reference has been frequently tnade, ~/Ir. Edward Hodgson's. I-Ter n1aidcn narne was Bacon. She vvas one of a nurnerous fan1ily connection of that narne th.1.t lived about Augusta. "Ned Brace," of the ''Georgia Scenes/~ was one of thetn. ~1rs. ICing was first tnarried to a Scotchn1an, I\1r. Weed, of Savannah, an old bachelor whose sun of life was considerably on the west side of the n1eridian. 1-Ie had accun1ulated a large property, consisting of rice plantations and slaves, a large tract of land, including a considerable part of the c1ty of Brunswick and real estate in Savannah. He carried his buxom young wife to his Savannah hotne where she entered upon a life of gaiety -....vith all the zest and enjoyn1ent which wealth could bestow. After the death of Mr. Weed, which occurred in a year or two, she was 1narried to J\1r. John King a handsome stylish young n1an horn_ the ~orth who had nothing to do but enjoy the wealth which the shrewd old Scotdnnan had accun1tllated by years of toil and self denial. At his death an examination of the estate sho-wed that there was barely enough left to rear and

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educate the family of six children with "vhom Mrs. I(ing moved to Athens. I--Iere she bought the house tnentioned above and the farn"l at the head of Carrs Pond. now owned by _:_\Jiss i\La.rgaret Nisbet. VVith habits of econ01ny, the fatTiily n1ight have prospered, but they never learned to change their Savannah style of living until cotnpcllcd b<\ dire necessity. Then the house in tO\\-n 1'Vas sold and the farnily ren'loved to the farn1, upon which a srnall gri~t tnill was their tnain depenclence for a living.
Two of 1\Irs. l{jng's daughters Jnarried and n1oved out of the State-one \vas .i\Irs. Lawton, of South Carolina. I-Ier oldest son John, a very worthy gentletnan, died while on a visit to 1\_ttgusia. rrhe youngest daughter Evalina, a great beauty, died just when budding into won1anh?od, and ihe stricken 1nother \vas left \vith one son, Georg-e, and a daughter, _;_\liss . \gnes, io struggle with poverty and increasing infirm_ities. After a few years her fann and 1nill \Vere takea frmn her when she retnrned io town ancl lived in the house now owned by -:.\'[ r. Jonathan I---lalnpton, where after a short tin1e she laid down her li f c and her troubles.
\Vhi1e in the enjuyn1ent of wealth and p!ospcrity, in full health ancl entering \-vith zest into all the gaieties of fashionable life, by accidenl or r01n curiosity -:\Irs. l(ing went to a .:\'Iethodist ean1-v tnceting, and fcon1 that hour the whole

current of her life was turned into a different channeL l\1rs. 1<-ing- was a wornan of bold, prornincr;t characteri~tics, both physical and moral. She was very large, weighing not less than 256 lb~. and a very hearty cater. lt was scud she would eat a good sized shad for break fasl, and \vhen peaches were in season she would consume fifty at a sitting. ln the days of her prosperity she cnieriaincd a great deal and in later days nothing gave l1er greater pleasure than to have a friend take dinner with her. I-l er guesls never saw her until Lhey were invited into the dining rootn, and found her sitting at the head of a ta.h1e loaded with the best viands the country a.fford.ed, i..he preparation of every article having passed under o-wn supervision. ller education had been defective and she was very superstitious. 'l'he writer has n1ore than once heard het relate her religious experience in "vhich she said she \vas walking in her garden and cvidcntl \ sa\v with her nai..nral eyes, the Lord Jesus slanclting and appearing i..o her as he had done to ::\J ary on the re~urreclion n1orning; that she threw herself al his feet, \vhen he vanished ftorn her sighi leaving her filled wiih joy and peace." She never doubled the genuineness of the vision to the day of her dcaih, forty ~years thereafter. She believed in witches; faslcd every Friday for tweniy-four hours, spoke at can1p n1eetings and lovefc.asls and genctally wonncl up the n1eetings.

54
Hospitality was as natural to her as breathing. The place for baptizing for the Trail Creek Church was near her house, and the subjects for the ordinance vvere all taken to her house where their cmnfort was rnacle her personal care. She would attend their tncctings, partaking of their sacran1cnts, joining in their footwashing and occasionally give thcn1 a rousing exhortation. She never feared tl1c face of n1an nor the approach of death. The writer has seen n1any die but none who tnet death n1ore cahnly ancl serenely.
Perhaps the n1ost prominent citizen of the tow;-1 in his day "vas Judge ..::\ugustin S. Clayton. If what the writer tnay say o hin1 should incur the charge of extravagance, let it be tetnctnbercd that Judge Cla_yton was the faithful reprover of his youth, the constant adviser of his later years and always his unwavering friend. I-Iis nan1e is inseparably associated with the earliest history of .Athens and the University. Graduating in the first class of 1804, be studied law with Judge Carnes, \vas aUrnitted to the bar, 1narried lviiss Julia Carnes and can1e to i\.thens with his young wife and first born son in less than four years after his g-raduation, poor but hopeful, anU established hin1self as attorne~y at Jaw. In1n1ediately afterwards, he was elected Secretary of the Board of Trustees, which office he held until elected a 1ne1nber of the Board and one of the Prudential Committee upon who1n developed the

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immediate superintendence of the interests of the College.
Judge Clayton was the confidential friend and counsellor of every President and Facnlty; the 1nedi,ato1 in every Jifficnlty o a general natnr-: between Faculty and Students ; and by his g-ooJ ter:1per and sag::1city always sncceecled in reestablishing-, good order and obedience to iaw. l-Ie was the onl:y la\vycr in _,\thens or fifteen years and arrest~d ntany cases of litigauon by reconciling the parties. r\live to every interest of the town, he was one of the con1pany that first introduced tnachinery or the tnan ufacture of cotton goods in the South; he was an10ng- the first to secure a charter and inaugurate til..: building of the Georgia kailroacl, and was a 1nen1Ler of its first Directory ; he \Vas mte of the con1n1ittee to raise funds and superintend the erection of the first church (the .:\lethodist) v..:hich was Luilt in Athens. ():[ his political lif~ and characler as judge of the Snpenor Court, n1ember of the Legislature and of Congress, it is not appropriate to speak in this connection ; but vvhatever tended to pron1ote religion, good morals, good order and the prosperity of the University and the town, found in Judge Clayton an ardent and efficient friend and advocate.
Dr. Moses \Vaclclell \Vas a "\: orth Carolinian. Be and Dr. Jatnes ~isbct were frotn Jredell county, and old schooln1ates. \Vhen the Coltcge was

56
at its lowest ebb, rnustering seven students at a full roll call, he was elected President, and the invitation was followed by such urgent appeals frorn distinguished Ceorgians, Governor Gibner a1nong then1, that Dr. YVaddell \\aived all objections, gave up his celebrateU school at \Villington, S. C., and carne to i\thens in 1819.
] t was shorlly after his arrival that President _\{onroe, on a tour of the Southern States, catne to visit the seat of the University. Dr. \VaUclell was deputed to address hin1 in behalf o the citizens at Bro-v.rn's I-Iotel. I-Iis adn1inistration of the LTniversity \vas singularly successful. Frotn the hanUful of students he found, the attendance increased to one hundred or more, and fo1- ten years with -.,vise counsel and inflexible discipline he kept the institution ever advancing. I--Ie thought the students of a University not too good. for correction anU usecl to whip then~ without con"lpunction when he cleemecl the punishInent needed.
At the tin1e of Dr. Waddell's rentoval to Athens there vvas no place of public worship in the town. Divine services were held in the Chapel and afterwards in the Apparatus HalL I-Ie organized the Presbyterian Church March, 1821, with fourteen n1en1bers and that congregation afterwards built a church where the College Library now stands. I--Ie 1ninistered to then1 as their pastor until Dr. Hoyt's time. After his

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resignalion at Cmnn1encernent, 1829, he returned to his hmne in Carolina and as his carnage stood in readiness to convey hin1 away, the sludenls marched in a body io his house, one of whon1 cJ.eli\ c1ed a fm-c\Yell address. ;-\Her three years he 1eLurned io ~\ l11ens, the victin1 of a linger~ng disease, and died in the house of his son Prof. Jan1GS P. \iVaddell, July 21, 1840.
Dr James Tinsley, a native of Colnn1bia county, \Yas a conten1p.orary of Judge Longstreet at Dr. \Vaddell's school in VVillington, S. C., where he learned a 1iltlc Latin and Greek and little else. He studied 1ncdicine with Dr. Abbott, in Washington, C-a., and attended lectures iu Philadelphia, where his extraordinary talents began to be developed. 1-Ie was a distinguished lTlernber of a large class and in their debating clubs, coinposed of professors and students, aliracted the notlc:e and adrnii-ation of the professors of Lhat celebrated schooL fie returned to VVashington after his graduation and cornmenced the practice with Jf>r. ...-\_bbott, who held him in the highest ;e..-timl.at.iap and made unusual effoi-ts to introduce him into his own extensive practice.
But Tinsley was erratic and defied the conventional rules of praclice of 1nedicine and of society, and in a year or two, in 1820, Dr. Abbott, who was an influential member of the Board of Trustees, procured for him the Professorship of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy in Franklin

5S
College. I-Ie was totally unqualified for the chair, but his friends thottght that the wondet-ful pcnver of his intellect would overcmne his want oi training and enable hin~ to sustain himself. Dr. Tinsley hO\YCver could not endure the quiet routine of College life and after hvo years of irksmne restraint, resigned. lie was a man of wonderful phy.<:.ical streng-th. J-Iis weig-ht \vas never more than J()o pounds, his head large, hi .., eyes very blad-e ancl piercing; beard black and curling; shoulders broad and chest wide and deep. In spite of this, ho\-Ycver, he "\Yas subject to violent and alanning henmwrhages frotn the lungs. On account of this solitary weakness he
exp,>secl himse-1 r to tl1e tno.st inclement weather
without overcoat, wnbt-ella or any prote-ction fron1 a wintry blast, rain, or sun1tner's sun, vvith Ius shirt collar and bo.son1 open and often without a hat. 1-1 c .said he clicl this because he had observed that the rnen afflicted as he \\ a.s hy nnrsing tben1selves, alv:ays grew \>~.:orsc and cvenlual1;- died o{ consmnplicn, 'lvhich he dicl not n1ean to clo if he could help it.
Dr. Tln.sley married a lady of ctdture and wealth, hut \Yithout extravagant living gradually became poot-et-, until all his estate \vas gone. f-Ie made the brick and huilt the De1nostbcnian fiall. and afterwards ::\Jr. Scudder'.s house-. which wac-. burned before it was uccupicd, but itmnecliatcly rebuilt by his great cnct-gy. lle tllen built the

59
Coppee house and Captain Darry's. He established an~d edited the Southern Cultivator and failed at it, and at one titne kept tavern. All this titne he practiced medicine after his fashion, althougH he never kept any tnedicine, depenclittg upon what he found in the fatnilies he visited, and never had a surgical instn1n1ent. The writet: was invited by' hin1 to witness the operation of lithotomy. which he perfonnecl successfully with the scalpel :-mel forceps of a pocket case ot instruments which he borro\ved for the occasion At another tirne the writer saw hin1 rcn1ove a large tt1111or fro111 a won1an with her husband's razor. Though affecting great contetnpt for the conventional rules of society he could act the courteous g-entlen1an with charn1iug grace. :\To man con1cl be n1ore agreeable or 1110re captious as the humor fonncl hin1.
Though possess1ng great physical strength Dr. Tinsley's ten1per was such that he had few occ8.sions to exhibit iL /\_ bully of Sanely Creek district nmned Dailey he;~ring of Tinsley's won-dcrfnl strength, retnarkecl that he would be g-lad to ''feel of him.' This _was told the Doctor, who happening to 111eet naiJey ncar his house, accu~t ed him in a \cry friendly mauner and t.:Icl hin1 what he had heard. nailey achnitted the tatth. bnt had not intended any of-fence to the DoctClr. Tinsley assured hirn that he dicl not cm<stcler the l"Clllark offensive but inferred that Bailey ccm-

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sidered it a question \vhich was the ''better man~' of the two, and proposed that they should settle it then and there. Bailey said he never had fought a n1an without being n~ad with hin1, but he could not let it be said tl1at he "backed out." So wiLhont other provocation and without witnesses they went at it and Dailey was so severely beaten tltat Tinsley carried him up to his house and nursed 111m carefully and kindly until he was able to g;c hon1e.
Thus he "_frittered quite away" the richest endcnvn1ent of intellectual wealth which, if properly directed, \\ oulcl have 1nade hin1 eminently useful in his day. T-Ie 111oved rorn Georgia to i\labam:1, '\'here he shortly afterwards died.

CHAPTER V. ?vfr. Thomas f-Iancock, to whom reference has been n1ade, and Colonel John A. Cobb were long old friends and neighbors in Jefferson county, whence about the sarne titne they moved to Athens. They belonged to different political parties. and the f-Iancocks were Methodists, 'vhile -:\1 r. Cobb was a Baptist; yet these differenc~s which so often brought bitterness and hatred among neighbors and even brothers, occasioned no such effect in these n1en-they had too much honesty, probity and charity. They continued fast friends so long as life lasted. Colonel Cobb lived for several years where Dr. R. M. Smith lives, and afterwards in a house on Mr. Nevitt's lot which was ren1oved by ~..fr. V\T.

61
\i\1. Ln111pkin. I-Te owned tl.1e land lying between Barber street on the east and 1:--Iill stteet on the south, jnch1ding ::\lrs. Lan1ar's, Dr. C. \V. Longs and .:\1r. S. C. Reese's place, and when he laid off the iract into lots that part of .'\thens was called Col.bham.
Colonel Cobb was a large rnan, over six feet in height, weighing not less ihan three hundred pounds. '_l'his portlincss which n1en do not usually attain un61 somewhat advanced in life, gave hin1 the appearance of being older than he was, and he was called the old Colonel by his elders, which used to vex hirn no litile. On one occasion when he was very anxious to buy some carriage horses, a stranger broughi a pair for hin1 to try. 1-Ie was tin1id about horse~ and asked the wr_itcr to ride after then~ and see ii they 've1~e gentle. I did so, and after becon ling satisfied that they were well trained returned and reported favorably upon them. The owner of the horses then spoke up in a lively tone, "Con1e, old gentleman, get in and see thetn tnove." The Colonel turned his back to the n1an a11J walked off, saying indignantly, "I'll have nothing io do witP you or your horses.~ Nor would he be appeased, !hough the man 'vas ready to tnake any nnrnber of apologies when he learned the nature of ihe ufiencc.
Colonel Cobb was very wretched when any of his children were sick anJ was a liberal pairon of

62
the fan1iiy physician. \Vhcncver any 111C1T1bcr of fam-ily. \\hitc or black, in tov,n or on plantation, con1plained of a finger-ache, he would say, "'Well why don't yon send for the doctor?" lie would no tnore think of n1aking a prescription or of adnlinistering a dose of nicdicine than of per fanning a surgical operation; all this was done by Mrs. Cobb. lie could not coerce a dnlcl to take physic, and when one had to have a tooth pulled it occasioned hin1 awful distress. As soon as the Doctor n1acle his appearance he would retreat into the garden and establish a line of telegraph by posting servants, to \vhon1 frmn one to another the qnestion would be sent "Is it out?'' and the answer sent back, "?\ot yet," and in rapid snccession the question and answer wonlcl be transn1itted 11ntil the joyful reply "yes" should reach him, when he would come in and congratnlate the whole concern. He could not bear to witness suffering in any form.
Colonel Cobb's theory, adverse to that of Solo1110n in the n1atter of fan"Iily government, he carried into rigid practice. "That a father should never whip his son. Ilis mother n1ight whip him or his schoo!Jn.astcr might ,vbip hin1, but his father never ! never! it would break his spirit and n1ake him cowardly. l(eep hitn at h01ne and never let hin1 leave the house after dark. Boys acquire all their bad habits by being allcnved to roan1 the streets at night. Let him see all that

63
is to be seen by day, but keep hitn at horne at night.n . Such was his theory and his practice, and in his case it was attended with retnarkable results, though it is a question if these:: were not attributable as 1nuch to the tender care and .., watchfulness, the sweet influence of a mother's love and unce?-sing prayer, as to the Colonel's theory.
In truth it \Yould .have been unnatural for ~uch a wcman as Mrs. Cobb to have had wicked or worthless sons. She was a 1nen1ber of the Baptist Church, and not only her church dugn~as but her own ''tucekncss and htunblencss of 1nind'' \.vould have been inexpressibly shucked if any one had told her she was a perfect Christian; yet, if love io God and to every creature which IT c made, manifested by ever~y act of her daily life constitutes perfection, she -..vas a perfect Christian. Singularly alike in their Christian character were ~lrs. Cobb and ).,frs. I--Iancock. Few such are left.
Colonel Cobb had a singular dread of sickness and cleaih with all their concmnitants. l-Ie never looked upon a dead body if he could avoid it, and would go any distance rather than 1neet a funeral procession. This \VaS \;<,'hen he enjoyed perfect health; but 1t all passed a\vay. T-Ie suffered a long and tedious tern1 of affiction fron1 pa1 tial paralysis, and after his restoration to health was received into the 11aptist Church, and retnained

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in her con1n1union .till his death. 1 any apology is needed for this feeble tribute to this excellent couple it rnay be found in the fact that front the tin1e of their cotning to Athens to the day of their p3.ssin~2: a\,'/ay, the writer \\as rnacle to feel rnore hkc a near relative to the fa111ily than a stranger to their blood.
Among the speakers at the bush arbor ComJnencelncnt, in 1804 was Thornas 1-Iarnilton, \Yhosc personal appCarance and proud and gentlemanly bearing attracted the notice of strangers a,, \\"ell as of acquaintances wherever he \vent.
[ l e \Yas the son of Captain Jan1cs 1-Ja1niltou of
Revolutionary farne \Yho received as a reward for his scryiccs three thousand acres of the finest lands of ( )hio. After graduating, young Hatnil{<,n stndled law and practiced successfully for ~evcral years, but abandoned it to beco111e a 1nodcl ( :co1gia planter, and by skillful attention tu hi,s business and clear headed financiering accutnulatecl a ve1y large fortune.
Colonel J--:Ian'li1iton -..vas called by his county ( Colun'lbia) to the Legislature and State Conventions and no nmn enjoyed n'lore securely the c:;;tecn'l and respect of his fellow citizens. Tt rnay be said of hi1n -..vhat can be said of few rnen who grow very 1ich, that he -..vas never charged \Vith oppression or of trenching upon the rights ot rich or poor. \Vith all rnen, his transactions were scrupulously honorable and always as be-

65
can1c an upright highn1indcd gentlen1an. His deportment was dignified and some thot:ght him pt oucl, l5ut he \vas onl)- too proud to do a rncan thing or behave in a mannct- un'bccotning a high tcncd gent .c1nau.
Anoth~r af those speakers was J an:res Meri-
wcth...:r, a son of General David 1\Ieriwether, also a H..evolutionary soldier. Jan1.es, after graduaticm, senecl as Tutor in the College for a year, then studied law in Elberton and was adrnittcd to tbc bar with fine prospects of success. With fme person, popular 1nanners, uncomnron talents ancl strong fatnily inflncncc his success was not doubtful. But he was singularly wanting in atnbition, and ITtarrying a '-Vondcrfnlly beautiful country girl he abandoned the law, settled on a plantation on Barber's Creek and becan~e the helpless victim of rural felicity. The war of I8rz aroused hin~ from his clrean~s and he funned a volunteer riDe con~pany ,,hich he co1ntnanded in the war with the Creek Tndlans, serving uncle-. General Floyd. i-\fter the close of the war he was elected to Congress ; serving there two sessiml.S, he again sank into retirement.
::\.fajor lVI eriwethe-r was active and strong as an athlete delighted in field sports, kept horses and hounds, read n1.nch and kept apace with the progress of politics, religion and science. He was the general referee in all troubles and disputes in his neighborhood. The poor and ,lis-

66
trcssc(_l always applied to him and never in vain for relic[, and his hospitality was boundless. In this way he not only spent his incon1e but made serious inroads upon his capital. 1-Ie cletennined, therefore, to rnove to the rich lands of YV est 'l'enncssee and \Yhilst m.aking his arrangen1ents for that step settled his fan1ily in .Athens where they resided for i wo years in the house now occupied by .:\Irs. nradforcl.
In the ti1nes of vd1ich I "\vrite, the rnilitary ~pirit engendered by the Revolution was kept alive by the recitals of old soldiers.
''\\~herein they :-;poke of lllO<St disastrous chances: Of n1oying incidents by flood anti fiel(t: Of hair breadth 'scapes; the inuninent and (leadly
breach.'
_\nd the proxi1nity of the hvo powerful Indian tribes. Creek and Cherokee, kept in check only through fear of the white n~an's rif1e, seernccl to render it indispensable to keep the n1ilitia so organized as to tnake it effective when the country should clen1and ils services. In every house there were as tnany guns as n1en, and boys old enough to handle them, \Yhich were always kept in g-ood order and in frequent if not constant use upon the bears, wolves and llcer in which the forest abounded. The n1.ilitia laws were enforced and a captain of a cmnpany was a dignitary of no sn1all consideration, particularly on

67
muster day. \\rdl do I rcn1en1bcr the respect and aUn1iration, not umnixcd v.rith fear, which Captain~ Vv'arhan1 8asly excited cunong the boys \dten he ::-ppearcU in Lhc sho\vy unifonn of the c\ay--locked hat with "\Yaving pltnnes, tipped \Vith red, re<.l s::lsh and epaulets v.;ith Continental dress. l thought him the n1osl 111agnificcnt man in the \\'Odd, anU was unutterably shocked to sec him after parade return to his store anU sell a pound of copperas to a country \.Y01nan, anrl that too before he had taken o1I his nnifonn!
Every body in the Uistrict carne to town on muster day, lmt a con1pany 111t1ster was nothing compared Lo a battalion tnustcr. Six ot- eight companies f~~rmcd a batlalion, and there \\ere five of six Limes as n1any people in town on such occasions.
J\f ajor ::\1 cKig-ney was not :-;o tall b.Y six inches as Cap lain Iasly, but then he had the advantage of parading on horseback and his horse ,..,as always the handson1est in the neighborhood. It was consiUereU a con1plitnent, both to the horse and his owner, for Lhe ..\lajor to ask the loan of him for the day, and-the owner tl10ught his horse as in1portant a factor as any offtcer on parade.
But the great muster was the reg-itnental, otgeneral n1uster as it was called, -..vhen all the militia of the county tnet at VV atkins ville, ~on1tnancled by the Colonel and smnetitnes the Cenera1 of the Division, accompanied by the In-

1
63
:-:pector General, Fonche-pronounced in that Jay Fu,r;h. It was a great advance in civilization \\hen in after years these nli1itary parades \.vcre discontinued, for their effect on the cornmunity \Yas only evil and that continually. On general n1uster days there was n1ore drunkenness, profanity and fighting than on any othc1 occasion of public assembly, and \Yhilc the tni1itia 1a\YS rcn:ainccl upon the statute book the disrc'-!O!,"ard of thCJn was considered their best obsc-r;:iancc. The last cot11manclers of the Athens rnilitia \Yere Doctor \\'illiam Bacon, Captain, and Doctor \Villian1. ];_\\"ells, first Lieutenant, who were elected upon tl1e distinct t111clcrstanding- that the con1pany \vas llC\'{'1" to be called Out, ancl I think they \\"ere both cashiered by the authorities after a year or two Lad expired for their neglect of duty.
1>ack VVells was keeper of the first livery stable in . \ thens, and chiefly through the influence of the students, \vho were required to perforrn militia duty, and to whon1 he freely extended credit in his line of business, was elected :\Iajor. :\Iuch elated by his prornotion, he ordered a battalion n1uster. The Major thought it prudent to assen1ble his soldiers in a retired part of the town. <lnd clrill them son1evvhat before n1arching do,yn ! i1oad street. _\ccorclingly. the ranks \\er~ formed on Hancock avenue, in front of his liverv .stable, which theti stood a little north of ..1rs. Blanton Hill's front yard. It is beyond my power

69
to give any description of the atte1npt to form that battal}on. The students could not resist the te1nptation to turn the affair into ridicule. Their love of fun overcan1e their desire to obtain credit ,vith_ the ::\Iajor, while the citizen soldiery cheerfully cont~ibnted their aid to carry out the plan. ~\ strange diversity of opinion prevailed in regard to ri~c,ht ancl left. ancl as they \YCn~ equally divided on this question. the orde1 lu "face" or ''wheer' resulted in inextricable confusion. It is enoug-h to say that the battalion n~vc1 got out of 1-Iancock avenue~ though the students were exceedingly anxious to prolong the fun by marching- do\Yn nroad street. The -:\Iajor in disgust resigned his honors in1111cdiatcly after\\ ards.
In the w;u of rSJ 2, when a call was made up~)ll the counties for volunteers, the armsbearing population of Clarke connty-all 111ales between 18 and 45-assembled at \Vatkinsville and were fon11ed into a regin1ent. After one or two short adclre..::;ses to 'fire the hearts" of the rnen. a clrnn1 ,and f1fc starting the head n1archcd down in front of the regin1cnt. closely follo\VCd by Captain James 1\{eriwether inviting all who desired to form a riJ-1e company to fall in a..::; he passed the line. The n1en could scarcely stand still until the music passed, and sprang into line with a leap as joyful as if joining a 111arriage festival. ~fe,i \Yether's quota \Yas soon full-a splcnclid lookin;..>,

70
col npauy and '\Vas called into service a rnonth afterwards. Soon after another cotnpany .vas fonlled, both joining General Taylor's cmnmand and did good service at the battles of A..utosee and Calabec Swamp. These n1en attained a wonderful degree uf accuracy in rifle practice. For the greater part of them, one of the cornpany would nut hestitate to hold the target hetvveen his knees to he fired at fn)ITI the distance oi So or roo yards.
'T'hc Cherokee Indians, our ncar neighbors, "\\ere with few exceptions friendl_y, and althoug-h \\'C were within fifteen 1nilcs of their territory, no anxiety was felt nor danger apprehended and consequently no m_cans of repelling- aggrcs~,on, adopted. But about a year after the war had begt1 n our town was thro-wn into a state of dis~racting alarn1 by a runner who brought the in-
f,)nnation that a pat-ty 0 [ rnd-ian \varriors had
c rossecl the .\ palachee and attacked a farnil y murdering so111e of them, and taking v~'hatevcr they could carry a\v:'ly, had returned across the river.
'rhis news was received with general incredulity, but as the day advanced other persons con~ing frorn the neighborhood cunJirmecl the report of the nntrder, but said the nun1ber of !llarauders did not exceed ten or a dozen. Later in the day rumors were current that the party consisted of a hundred warriors; that the people

I

71
of the settlement were ft)-ing in all directions; that the Indians so far fron1 retreating had vis;ted other plantations and were advancing towards ./\thens and that the attack upon the town would he made that n g-ht. Some of the men and all of the women.~ anc} children \.Vere in the greatest state of ahrm, and the students of the Colleg-e
in the highest excitement. !\lr. 1'h01nas, Jnclge
Clayton, Colonel Carnes. }'resident l~rown and others having carefully sifted the evidence catne to the conclusion that a few Indians, perhaps five or six, had n1ade an inroad, and after killing some tnembers of a farnily had retreated with the plunder as rapidly as they ca1ne and were probably h)' that tit11e on the west side of the Chattahoochee. They founcl it impossible. however, to allay the fears of the woinen, who of course believed that they were the special objects of the expected raid. So it was determined to i11vite all the wotnen and children of the town who desired to do :::o. to take refuge during the night in the College, which would be cheerfully vae<:.. ted by the students, v..rho under command of a suitable captain should keep g-uard over the building and its precious contents.
Dr. \Villial1l Creen. the Professor of ~lathe matics. as brave an Irish1nan as ever left the Emerald Isle, }Jad n1ade the suggestion and was placed in cutnmand of the forces. B11t htely atTivecl in this country, the commander-in-chief

72 \\as totally ignorant of the Indians and their

'>

mode of warfare. 1-fc was therefore very rnuch

excited and favo::ccl putting ourselves in the best

possible state of defence. \Vc had no canaon,

no block house. no brcastl\orks, no n1uskcts; so the citizens had to depend npon the students, who armed \Yith shot guns and a few l-ifles stood awaiting the fearful attack, by night, of a savage

foe. Uut Dr. Green and the boys were tnastcrs of the situation, and the fair refugees con1rnitted themselves to their guardianship \\ith unfalter-

ing faitl1 in their courage and devotion. Sc)Jnc of the ladies \\"Cllt into the College under
~criu-ns apprehensions of danger, others, and especially the younger, [or a frolic. Of these 1-efug-ecs. I knO\\. but one who is living now-one whose character is as lovely after tl1e frosts of

seventy winters have whitened her locks as her person was beautiful and attractive when a girl. The students \\ould have shed their blood in her defeuce with infinite pleasure~ as they averred. I allude to that esti1nable lady, 1elict of ::'viajor

Jacob Phinizy and n1other of Thorn.as M. Meri\H''ther. Esq., of Xewton county. No doubt she ..:till 1T1nen1bers that memorable night, the only ()J1e perhaps she ever 1-'assecl in a College for

boys.

Captain Green detailed a patrol around the College and established pickets at various points

along the Jefferson road as far as Mr. Sam

73
\Vier's blacks1nith shop, yvhich was then where 1vlr. Xat Barnard lives. Uetween that and .;..Irs. Deloney's house was thick forest. The picket guards were relieved every two hours and it fell to the lyt o the writer, arn1cd "vith his father's shot gun,- loaded with buck shot, to stand guard at \Vier's shop, in cmnpany with two other boys, the last two hours of the night. VVe '"'-'ere charged to keep a-..vakc, for it was ever the ltabit of the Indians to make their attacks just bcfor~ day, and ours was the n~ost important post and the tnost dangerous titne. For a very short titnc we gazed up the road ; then the cxciten1cnt ::md fatigue of the day, the chilly night air and the attractive warn1th of a neighboring coal ldin, overcame our respect for orders and in less than ten minutes we -vvere all asleep. S01netime after day break ).Tr. \Vier cnvoke us, saying, that doubtless the Indians were afraid to attack such brave soldiers ancl vve 111ight as well return to caznp, which advice we itnmediately adopted. When we reached head(1uartcrs \ve found no soldiers. no officer to receive our report which we had prepared with considerable care. The College was evacuated, everybody seen1ecl asleep; a11d it seemed as if nobody cared whether the Indians had captured or killed us, so we dispersed to our hmnes in disgust. ..:\bout fifty years later when the \vriter in company with other Thunderbolts, stood for five hours at the ~1arkct IIouse await-

7+

ing the advance of Stoneman's Raiders, -..vith a double barrelled shot gun, loaded with tv.:ent_v-cight buckshot, he did not [eel as much like a soldier as on that other occasion at \Vier's shop.

Cl-L\PTEl{ Vl.

Sanmel \Vier Gltne to , \ thcns \vith nothing hut

''

his wife, a set of Lbcksmith's tools and an in~ don1itablc dctermillation to lnakc a living. nut

in that wife he had \\hat was more to him -chan

tllonsands of tnonc_1. She was ver_\ hancbmnc.

considerably above rnediun1 size, the picture of

perfect health, \\ ith the r()sicst, ft-cshcst com~

plc.xion, which no cxposuce to \\ind or \VCatlicr

could ch;:mgc ancl n::mght but age co,tld cause to

fade. .:\Ir. \\Tier rented a stnall cabin at the piace

1neniioncd ahovc, built hi111 a shop. and solicited

the patronage of the public. fie had a field oi

fresh land which he planted when there was no

work to be done in ihe shop, or as he called it

"when he -..vas resting-.'' ()ccasionally the shop

and the cn1p needed his attention siruult<~.neonsly,

and then it \Yas thai his young. hopeful, strong-

hearted wife \Yonld encourage him. not only by

kind \vords but with good deeds. She \\oulcl help

hin1 in the shop by hlo,,ing the lwllo\\s, aud if

need be, striking with tl1c sledge-han1111tT. She

would help !Jim in the field, \Vorking in the hct

sun. and even after nightfall. helping him io sew~

his fodder, in the mean while attending to all th~

household duties which devolve upon a poor

75
man's "\vife. \Vith such courage and industry, success was nol doubtfuL They prospered, secttring the confidence and esteen1 of all their neighbors. "\lr. \Vier accumulated son1e propqrty and in declining life \Yas easy and conifortClble. in his circmnstanccs.
The first four-,,-heeled lmgg), so called, used. in _\_thens, \\as 111acle for "\Jr. Elizur ~ewton in 1825. Prior to that date gigs for the few, and riding horses fur many \HTe the usual tnudcs of locomotion, thoug-h a carriage was occasionally seen. Goods were of course transported by \\ agon and the teamster of the day \Yas the ver: roughest of characters. l1e religiously abjured the 11se of soap ancl water to his person or clothe::; during a round trip of a fortnight or three \vceks -cooking, eating, sleeping at night over light\Y;:od knot fires, splashing- through nntd and mire and hea\ing- at the \\heels \\hen stalled durin~.:( the da}, lleing a 1node of life unfriendl) to cleanliness. The \Yagoners lll<t.nifested a rnarked di,:.;l:i;;::c to \\ell dnssed persons \dlOm the:v )net upon the road, and rarely allO\\e<l the111 to 1)ass without son1c rude. if not insulting. jest. ''flallo n1y friend,'' s~tid one to 111c as l. passed hin1,
"what's that hanging" to your leg?" r looked
dcnn1 to sec. and bel(n-c 1 could n1ise 1ny head he an:i\\crcd hi111self. "()h l belie,e it's uothtng but your fooL"
Their independence is sho\Y11 in the follo\Ying

76
i11cidcnt: .:\h.. \ndrcw Craha111 received by 1nail fn1m .\ngusta an invoice of goods shipped b) \\-agon, together with the wagoner's receipt A ftcr \\aiting a reasonable time for thci1 an ival, \fr. Craha1n wrote to his n1erchant in Augusta, who could give him no information about the teamster other than that he hacl applied for a load of goods for the up country. ::\lr. Graham_ failing to learn anything- of the Jnan, gave up his h,_,,ocls fnt lost. . \bout three weeks aftenYanls the \Yagoner drove up with the goods, all safe CJnd :-;ound e;.;:cept the cutting of a fc\',: boxes hy the 1ats. i-! c ::.aiel that he lived in Green County ancl can1e by hmne fron1 . \ ugusta, that he uund his crop so grassy he \Yas obliged to stop and plow it over; as soon as he had done that he lost no ti111e, but started off imn1cdiately.
The pub1ic roads during the vvinter '<vere generally in a wretched condition and a large portion of the road between I~exillgton and VVashin::;ton \vould in these clays be pronotmced i1npassable. Hutledge's lane was a notoriously bad place and rnany tnarvcllous stories told of the n1isfot-r-unc::; which befell travclet-s and \vagoners in that ill-fateU t-oad. The 1nerchants and farmers, the one to buy goods, the other to sell cotton and tobacco, always went on horseback, and three clays of steady riding were required to go fro1n ,:\ thens to .-\ugusta. :\ loaded 'vag-on required a week, i the roads were in good condition. A

77
good loacl for a four hor::>e tea'n1 was 2,500 to 3,000 lbs., ancl the price for carrying never less than ~one dollar a hnndrecl; t>ut in the \viuter of t8r7-r8 the tnercl1ants paid as high as four dollars a hundred on freight fron1 Augusta to .\t11ens. That was a fearful winter. The roads
VY~rc.in s~1ch a condition that for miles the horses
would \valk in mucl clccpcr than their knees, and after making one trip, not only the hair hut in many cases the skin '-YOUlcl be entirely ren10ved from their legs fr0111 the constant attrition.
The first cotton raised -..vest of the Oconee river grew on an acre or t\vo of 1and on the river at the mouth of the spring branch where now stand some small houses belonging to the Factory Con1pany. Daniel Easley, rnaking- a tour on business into the low country of Georgia brought back with hitn a bushel of cotton seed, but neglected to infonn hin1sclf how io cultivate the plant. Supposing hon1 the size of the seed they sh~nticl be SO\Yn broadcast, he carefully prepared the ground ancl plo\vecl in the seed preciscl;.- as he would huve clone a bushel of wheat or oats. () course the cotton could not be cultivated, but the fertile soil and a favorable season yielded a capital crop considering the 111anncr of its treatment. I have heard old people say it was the \Vhitest cotton patch they ever saw. l t v\as not picked out until all had opened that can1e to matnr1ty, and this was the beg-inning- o the reign of J:(ing

78
Cotton in all the parts of his clominon west of the Oconee River, for the rive1 counties suuth of the Clarke we1c then an Indian territory.
Up to that tin~c, and indeed later, the staple production of this region was tobacco, anrl long after cotton was cultivated in Clarke, Jackson a11cl Franklin counties were considered too near the mountains to raise it at all, and tobacco continn.ed to be the crop of the country. \Vell do I rcinen'lwr to have seen year after year hogsheads of tobacco roll through the streets on their way to .\ ngusta, drawn l)y two sn1all horses then called tachc:o,s. At first cotton vvas cultivated in small acres and fanners spoke of the cotton patch as the~' did of the turnip patch, so that the I!alne adhered to the cotton field even after it was enlar.c,-cd to a hundred acres.
J am rcn1inded, by speaking of Easly's cotton patch on the 1ive1~, of the tnost beautiful place f01 small boys 1o bathe and learn to swin1. that >vas ever made. It \Yas just below the site of the facto1y. and seemed to be n1adc for the purpose. Jt \\a<> hetween the bank of the river and a small island. and was about fifty yards long;. and 'in no place 1nore than four feet deep, with a sn1ooth, satHh' boiimn, and -..vas tnade by a ledge of rocks whlch extended frotn the hank to the island at its lcn,er end. It was perfectly secluded, and the lhnbs of the large trees that grew on the banks ahnost met over the pool. The greater portion

l
!
I

79
of the ledge was above '-Vater and n1ade a dry, clean table jar the boys to nndrcss. T-fere they all learned to S'-vin1, an accon1plisl:Hnent which every boy in 1\thens acquired at an early age. This pool 'c.Qntil)ued to be the delightful resort of the srnall fry until destroyed by the blasting for the v.raterway for the cotton n1i1l.
Defore the introd,nction of the cotton gin, the seed were picked out by hand, and it was the custom of the country to require of each rne1nber of the family, black and white, over twelve years of age, during the long vvinter evenings, to pick the seed frorn a pound of cotton. This task the young people performed very cheerfully, 111aking it an occasion of fun and fro1ic.
The first cotton gin brought to A thcns was set up by Nlr. Thotnas on the spot novv occupied by Mr. Edward Clayton (the old Branch State
Bank). r lcre all the cotton n1ade in the neigh-
borhood was ginned for sotne years; NJ.r. Thon1as buying- it in the seed frmn fanners and hirnsclf preparing it for tnarket. I!e had a ta11 powerful negro named Joe, 'vho was looked upon with son1e regard because he could pack a round bale \vcighing 300 lbs. in a clay. The cotton then cultivated was the old ,green seed variety arrd was hard to pick. 'l'he locks were firnlly attached to tl1c bolls Jefying the storn1y \vinds of winter; and a patch '""as never picked over rnore than twice and rare1y n1ore than once. Fifty pounds was a task for an average hand.

ft \"-'aS the cusLon1 for Lhe planter, when his cotton had ncady or quite all opened, to invite his neighbors to a cotton picl-:in/'-',- at1d prizes were o{fen~d fo1 the best pickers. \\/bile the 111e11 and boys were picklng in the field, the won1en and glds of the nei;.2;hhorl10o(l vvonld be quilting in the house. The most ab~1ndant supply of good ~at illg was proylclecl fur all, and if a negro fiddler could be found the day's frolic wonld often winrl up with a dance. Si1nilar cnston1s prevailed at log--1ol1ings, housc-raising-s and wheat-harvest, \vhe1e men we-re 7:(cak-/wndcd and neeclecl each othe1's help, \\hich \\as ahvays cheerfully given. ,\ neighbor of olcl Dick Cox's, as he was called, :\I1s. Ceorg-c King's father, once asked his help
his \Yheat Lhe next day, which was nig-ht l\Tr. Cnx pnt his negroes
and hy the light of the n1oon soon 1~;-ul it all nH and shocked, and thus the astonished nel.~hh<Jr fouud it the next morning. Such an act is pc;haps unkncnn1 in this g-eneration.
'1'1te fir-st newspaper ever published in ~ \thens \\a."i established hy Rev. John T-loclg-e, and the press and type \\-ere hroug-ht from l )hilaclelphicl in a road vvagon by ).[L John Espey. abcnJt 1807. The nan1e I do not recollect, l1ut it was designed f01- a religious and literary paper. It 1-vas shottlived. :\fr. Hodge from ill health was obli,~-ecl to abandon the tripod ancl sold out tn Alexander .\I cDonnell, a practical prinLet \\,ho had been irn-

I

~1
pntccl with the press fron1 Philadelphia. McDonnell changed the name of the paper as well as its character and called it The Georg1:a Express. 1-lc was no writer, and depended for original ma~tcr entirel) upon contributors nntil he associated with hin1 a~ co-editor Xenophon Gai11L:S, who could do the 'vriting for half a dozen such paper~. Caine~ was associated 1vith McDonnell ahont two~ cars and was thr man of the paper. He \\"a.;;; a cripple, very ~tnatt, with caustic w-it and bitter satire, and \Vas unsparingof both. l-le was a s1nall feeble, ill-favored, as \YC11 as an i1l-tcntpcrcd tnan, ancl his infirrnitie~ doubtless saved him tnany a thrashing. ).IcDonncll conducted the Exftrc'SS until lRLt and wa-"' S\1Ccceclecl by Sann1ci \\- . .:\linor, in \vhose- hetnd..:; the paper deteriorated until it was issued setniP<casionall__v on a piece of paper 12 by 14 ind1es . .:\1 i;H>r was cx<:eedingl) poor, and had a la!-go...' family, and lived in a little house with L\vo rooms ne:n- Dr. T-fenclcrson:::. and in one of these ronn1-.: he sci his type and print.cd his paper. \Vhik he lived in this honse it \\as struck by lig-l-1tning. ancl he w;1s hitnself s~verely shocked. 1n the next issue of his paper l1c congratulated himself on the- event, saying he had al\\ays been afraid of thnnclet stornls, hnt should 110\V have no 111ore feaL for since the \\ orld b('gan it had never happened that a man \Vas t \Vice sirnck hy lightning-. He afterwards moved to a n1iserahle shanty near

82
the present ~ite of the factory, and there in one roOin the fan1ily cooked, ate and printed the paper. ln one issue of the paper the editor announced. as a local iten1 of interest, thai ''our sow" had the night before given birth to nine beautiful pigs, and if they all li vcd, as he hoped they would, he should in a short ti1ne feel pretty independent. I lO\V the poor fcllo\v n1anaged to live and keep his family alive no one but binJ~elf ever 1cnew. 1-1 e \Yas the first 111an to notninate General i\ndre\V Jackson for President, and often boasted of thai fact after he was elected.
.:\ linor was succeeded in order of ti1ne by Patrick IZobinson, who published an indifferently supported paper, called "The Athens Gazette/' \Vhich n1aintained a feeble existence for a few years when it was changed to the ((Athenian~~
conducted by ()liver r. Shaw. This paper as-
sumed a tnodern dress, dropping the old form 'of the letter S, and becatne the best literary paper in the State. Some years aft.erward.s, Alban Chase, and AJfred Nisbet bought the paper changing its name to ((The Southern Banner.H J\'Lajor Ucn Perley Poore, not unknown to fatne, was one of the first editors of the Hanner. But this hrings n1c into tnodern t.in1es.
"'Say not thou," said Solon1on, ihe wise King, uwhat is the cause that the fanner days were better than these; for thou dost not inquire wisely concerning ihis." No reasons are given to sup-

83
port the truth of this sin1ple ipse dixit~ and it is a little remarkable that old people of every age ha\'C ''in([uirccl, or ratl_1cr asserted that the former days were better than these. " 'Tis distance lends cnchallttncnt to the vicw," :for certain it is, that for cunvenicncies of life. rapidity of transit, disscn,ination of knowledge and scientlfic acquirements, the present age is far in adv~nce of the past as the titnes of which I write surpass the dark ages. Dut the hun1an l1cart remains the same. l\Ianncrs and cnston1s change, but n1cn will love and hate to the encl of tin1c. To love the good and hate the evil is the lessen uf 1i fe.
CIIAPTER Vll. The interest with which the ren1iniscences of my father \vcrc read cJnboldened n1e, in 18<)3, to add some imperfect sketches of _.Athens frmn 1830 to 1865. Ti1e frejuent calls {nr copies of that little parnphlet, the edition of \Yhich has long since been exhausted, and the urg-ent req;_1ests front tnany friends to reprint it have induced me to revise the work, correcting errors \vhcte they have been discovereU, and adding much \vhich I have since gathet-cd about the history of r\.tl1ens and hct people. These sketches are of necessity very in1perfect, but such facts as arc given arc real facts, and not fancies, and n1uch care has been taken to corroborate thetn by satisfactory evidence.

The period covered by the four years of the

\Yar is of especial interest, and it is to be regretteG.

that it could not have been treated rnore in de-

tail.

A. L. IIULL.

October, 1906.

In revievving the 1-etniniscences of Dr. llull,

some old lancltnarks are called to n1ind which at

this titne of strenuous progress have co111pletely disappeared fron1 sight. 1'b e histury of these old

places go far to 1nake up the annals of .I"\thens,

\vhich it is n1y desire to preserve. The newspa-

pers of those early days did not teetn with local

ne\vs, and "personals" "\Vere unknown. For \Veelcs

the weekly lJaper would n1ake no reference to local occurrences, 1 presume because the entire

con1n1unity knew all about then1 long before the

paper \vas issued, and it \vas thought, therefore,

unnecessary.

The paper referred to by Dr. I-Iull as 1 Sf'l11ireligious paper was the /I thcns Ga:::cttc. ~1r.

1-lodge. the editor. was a Presbyterian preacher,

Clerk of the Court of Ordinary, Secretary of the

Board uf Trustees, Treasurer of the Cniversity,

and perhaps held other appoinilnents. The first issue of the Cai::cttc appeared in February, 1814.

In J8I(l it was sold to Samuel :\Iiner, who had previous!:' published the Gcorp;ia Express and run it for T do not know how long. In I828 Oli Vl.':r

P. Shavv published T!zc .-lthcnian, which \vas a

yery creditable paper, well edited and well print-

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85
ed. Alban Chase, who came to ~\thcns in 183r. became associated with Shaw, eventually bought him out and changed both narne and politics of The Athetian~ and issued The Bauncr in I8J4Files bf these old papers arc now in tl1e Cnivcrsity library 'and rnakc very interesting reading on a rainy day. From these old files we cull some ancient history.
The Athclls Ga:;cttc first. saw the light in a fateful titnc. li was during the war of I 812, and tim.es \vete hard. ] t is true that cotton was bringing 29 cents ver pound, but there was ver_y little raised about ,\thcns. Sugar was 2 5 cents per po-und, bacon 14 cents. The paper on which the GaDcftc \Yas printed was double thick and very 1ough, and ihe ink seems to havc been made of latnpblack and axle g-rease. Even conespondence was high. Postage un letters was () cents fcq distances up to thirty n1iles, 10 cenb up to eighty tnilcs, 12 1-2 cents up to one hundred and fifty miles, and 25 cents over four hundred miles. ( )ne page of the paper was given up to literary miscellany, including lfllantities of poetry. The bulk of the reading rnatter consisted 01 debates in Congress and news frotn abroad. The latter traveled slo-wly. The startling intelligence of .:\ apolcon 's n~turn ft-0111 Elba atHl the battle of \Vatcrloo "\\as received in . \ Lhens one rnonth after it occurred.
There \\as a fair patronagl' by advertisers in

these old papers. Joseph Steven.':i offered 6 1-4 cent.':i rc\\ard for the return of a runaway apprentice bo_y. and ."\ILs. Smith in announcing the opening of a sdHml f01 young ladies in _.r\.thens promised that "a mu.sic master \vonld he crnployecl to give lessons ou the forte piano.
l f ere i.':i a .sa!llple of the literary contributions "\Yhich the editor of the 1t!zcnia!l pronounced good:
''0. gr-een and glorious spring! bow beautiful thou art! Ol!. 'tis .sweet whcu the last linger-ing star has faclcd into dimnc.c;_c;, \\hen the fiyst grey rla\\"11 is trcJJlhling- in the east, to wander forth and feel the fre.':ih breath of morn and harken to its low, soh nmrmu1ings a1nicl the forest leaves: to li ..;t the gay carol of the woodland songster rejoicing in the lig-ht of ne\v-horn day! 1\t such an 11our [ lovl: to be a!OJ1l:. f Jove to seck the blissful solitude of thong-hi that l tnay indulge tlw dear, delightful 1cvcric.s of fancy," etc., etc.
_-\ ladies' fair \nts adverti.scd to occur at early candlelight. ""1'hc speclfic object of the fair." said the editor, ''we arc unacquainted with. bot it i.s understood it is for charitable purposes.'
An injured husband. disclain1ing responsib11ity for his wife's debts. quotes fn)l11 Pope:
''(), \\"Ol!!an, \\Olll!!ll~ v.-1Jet1Icr !t:a:J or fat In h1c~ all ;J;J:'Jl, hut ill :--,ood a c.~t.'

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.\UvcriiscllH:nts oi ntHaway negroes appc.tr~Cd in''.'ariably accotnpanicd by the picture of a stumpy neg-ro \\'alking a\\-ay \\'ith his clothes ticcl lJP in a handkerchief and S\Yinging frotn a ;-,Lidc ov.('r his shoulder. S01nc of these advertisers :;hO\\Td 110 little originality. and would attract ~lttcntion c"cn in this day of cro-wded colun1ns.
-:.\'liss :\lillie J{uthctford has an interesting olcl paper. written in a lonnal ':oppcr-platc hand, heginning as follov.:s:
''Several ladies of Clarke county asscntblccl at Trail Creek, :\1. II., Jul:-- 13. tBl<). The following Constitution was prepared ancl adopted:
"Article r. This society shall be kno\vn by the name of the Fetnale .r-...Iitc ~ociety of ~\thens and Vicinity."
This organization had no connection with the arachnid con11110n to chicken coops, bttt \Vas auxiliary Lo Lhe Baptist Board of Foreign ).Iissions, and a conchtion of tnctnbership was that each person shon1d pay annually to the Treasurer at least 52 cents.
).irs. .:\Jartha J. Cobb, aften:vanls .l\iirs. IIenry Jackson, was First Directress ; Mrs. 1\1artha
Jones, Second Directress; :..r rs. Sarah Cole, Sec-
rctaJ-y; and 1\1 rs. Lucy Thornton, Treasurer. ~\moug the tnembcrs were ~\[rs. julia Cla:yLon, 1\irs. Catl1erinc Xe\\'ton, 1\Irs. Lucy Cary, ~1rs. Susan .:\1 oot-c, ::\trs. Sarah [..;:.ing, 1\drs. Elizabeth Espey, -:\frs. Eliza VVadclcll, .:\'Irs. Dougherty, who

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\YCrc ~fcthodists and l'reshyterians, and J\.1rs. Catherine Freeman, 11rs. Sarah R. Cobb and ;\'I iss Serena R. Rootcs, \vho were Baptists. :\nwng the contributors are the nan1es of A. S. Clayton, John A. Cobb, \Villian1 I-I. Jackson, S.
'J'hon1as. tlcnry Jackson, Charles J. Jenkins
(then a student in college), Dr. Brown, Ebenezer ~ewton, Josiah Newton and 1\rfrs. "~{arreon Grcevc.''. .?\/Irs. Grieve was the tnothcr of l\1rs. Joseph Henry Lumpkin, and lived in Lexington.
This was the iirst l\.:Iissionary Society ever forn1ed in ..:\thens. and was non-dcnrnninatltmal although the funds collcctccl Yvcre forwarded to the 11aptist Hoard.
.\t that time there was no Baptist church not l )teshyterian church in _:\thens. Trail Cree~.::: meeting house was the nearest Baptist place of worship. and l[ope\vcll, ncar Lexington, the ncarest Pr.esbytcrian church.
\Ve should not pass from this period without sol1le notice of President .0.Ieigs, who in his day, b)- virtue of his office. was perhaps the most prmnincnt citizen of the village_
Josiah .\leigs, the first active president ot the t'niversity of Georgia, was a native of Connecti._ut. the thirteenth clnid of his parents, born in
1757- .Ilis eldest brother, Colonel H.cturn J.
.\feigs. \Vas a distinguished officer of the Revolution. and the father of the Postn1astcr General under President J\Tonroe.

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Josiah .:\1cig-s graduatc<l at Yale College at .:he age of 21. fn 1781 he was appointed tutor of nfathematics and natural philosophy, ancl in 1794 professor in the san1c chair in that institution. 1n th :-. n1cantitnc he was tnarriecl, and ren1oved to" !kr''tnuda for the practice of law, a profession for "\vhich, ho-....vcver. he sccn1ecl to have but little taste. f-lis tennrc of office at Yale was brief. The Dwights n1ade a bitter fight on him_ on account of his ''Jeffersonian Detnocracy," as we call it no-....v-"Rcpublicanistn'' it was known then -and the trustees relieved hin1 of his chair in 17()8.
Upon his acceptance of the presidency of the t:nivcrsity of Ceoq;ia he at once entered with ardor upon the work. ~\ tnan of great euergy, fearless, honest and pure, he g-ave all his abilities to the upbuilding of the college. fn person he "\Nas tall and spare, vvith blue eyes and florid complexion, blessed with perfect health, \vhich \\as uninterrupted nntil his last and fatal illness. fn 111anne.r he was affable and kind, but quickly aroused an<l especially excitable on the subject of politics. fn fact, he suffered for his political vic\Y'; at Athens as he hacl at Yale, for it was the free expression of his opinions that brought about the ir:.1n1cdiate causes of his removal frmn the presidency and the loss of his professorship.
In 1808 the board ''learned \Vith sincere regret

'c)()
that the number of :::.tudents ln the college are reduced frorn thirty to thirteen, and in the granltnar school fron1 forty to twenty-five.. , _\ committee \Vas appointed "to enquire into the reports which affect the reputation of the prcsident of the college, as well as the rnoral chat ru:ter and discipline of the institution.'' \Vhat the result of this inquiry was is not known. but two years late1 ::\lL .\Jeigs resigned the presiclen;.:y, !ctaini1lg the pr-ofessorship of mathen1atics and natural philosophy. For the perforn1ance of these duties ''with attention and diligence'' he was to receive the sun1 of $I ,200 per annurn.
This action of the trustees I\-Ir. lVIeigs seetns to have acceded to ex necessitate, but it en1bittered his relations with thetn, as shown in the following affidavits found recorded in the tuinutes:
''I-fope I-Iull, one of the 1Ticn1bers of this board, gives the following infon11ation and exhibits the sa1ne as charges against J\1r. Professor l\1cigs, which charges should be inquired into, viz.: That to the best of his recollection the day after adjoununent of the board in August last, and at the door of the printing office, he, :I\/[r. .:VIe:igs, addressing hirnsclf to I\-Ir. I-Iu11, uttered in substance the following words: 'You have appointed Campbell! your secretary. I-Iowever, I suppose he \vill do well enough as secretary for the ToRIES! IVIr. I\Jeigs has further said in the

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presence of Mr. I-Iull, that 1the State of G-eorgia

had great reason to thank G-od for one honest,

:.nan-Judge E3.r1y-if it had not been for hin1.

the lands belongin;:r to the institution wonld have.

been sold and' the mone): pocketed,' aud n1any:

nt!1er cxprcssioils ai1d observations of a similar

import, bttL not now pl-ecisely rccollectecl.

"(Signed.)

IloPI~ lluLL.

"Sworn to before me. this 8th August, 181 I,

at .\ihens.

"RoBERT \VALI<J.;R) Judge.

_-\nd the following: 1'ln a conversation with :\{r. J\1eigs a few clays after the adjoununent of the board in August last, upon the subject of the congressional and county elections, he obsenred in substance as follows: 'You' (addressing hirnself to tnc) 1can not think to gain the confidence of the people after your conduct relative to the college lands. But T cannot so Inuch bla1ne yon. for you are a tool of other great n1en.' But for one honest man, or the only honest n1an an1ong th~1n, the board of trustees v.rould have sold the college lands and would have squandered the money to their own uses. They were all a dan1ned pack or band of Tories and speculators, and if they had have (sic) turned hitT! out of office he would have published their villainy and dishonesty to the world and have shov;n thern in their proper colors. They had 1nade hirn professor of natural

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philosophy and chcn1istry and given hin1 a pom,

t>itiful salaty of t\vclvc hundred dollars-damn

thelll-hc reckoned thC)/ would 111akc hitn next

professor of cabbages and turnips-and n1uch

more such conversation not now detailed. but

the above is the substance of the conversation.

" (Signed)

J'~UGUSTTN S. CLAY1'0N .

.. Sworn to before tnc, this Rth .April, r8r r, at

'' thcns. ''RoBI~R'l' \A./AT.KJ~R> Judge.''
-:\lr. :\lcigs was given an opportunity for defen."c against these charges, but whatever he replied it \vas evidently not satisfactory, for "having ibis clay heard the defense of .:..1r. Prolessor J\fcigs ancl the af-fidavits exhibited in support thereof, and having maturely considered the san1e. togcthet \vith the charges and proofs exhibited against hint, the board are of opinion that he hath been guiliy of great 1nisconduct and ought to be retnoved fron1 his office. VVhercnpon. resolved, that Josiah Nieigs be, and he is heteby removed from the office of professot of mathetna1 ics, natnral philosophy and chemistry in Franklin College."

Left stranded by his dismissal, not only poor, bnt in debt, -:\fL :!\1eigs remained in i\thens until 18r2, when ?vir. Jefferson, to whorn he was well kno"vn, secured for hin~ the appointlnent of surveyor g-eneral, with h.is office at Cincinnati. Two years later he was m.ade Con1n1issioner of the

93
general land office and rctTlO"\'Ccl to VVashington, where he }jvcd until his death, \Vhich occurred Scptcmbei 4th, 1822. lJis wiclow. Dr. Charles D. }J eigs. the distinguished physician of PhiladelphiaJ 1-fc_uy 1\leigs, a prorninent lawyer of K"cw YorK, and CJthcr children survived hint. His Jaug-hter, Clara, n1arried ~Jr. John Forsyth, one of Ceorgia's most honcncd sons. General ::\l. C. .\1 cigs, quartcn11aster general of the 1. ~nitcd States during the war, was his grandson, and ntany others of his descendants are now living in ~ew York and Philadelphia.
The grandfather of President :i\1eigs was a stiff old Puritan in Connecticut. On an interesting occasion in the fantily he was sitting- awaiting nc\VS, when the nurse ran in and said: '.:vir. I\Icig-s, it is a girl~ ''Silence, said the austerL': father. "In a little vvhile the nurse ru::o;hccl l)ack and said: ".:\lr. .:\Icig-s. there is another girl!" Folding his hands resignedl_y, he said: "Subn1it,'' and they nan1ed the babies Silence and Subrnit, and in the old gra vcyard in a Connecticut town there is a little stone on which are ca1ved the names: "Silence and Subn1it l\{cigs," who died l"l1 infancy.
ClL'\ PTER VII 1 Athens was incorporated as a town in DeCCJT1bcr. 181 S- The act required that an election should be held for con11nissioncrs, and narned the college chapel as the place for the election.

04

ln :fact at that titnc all public ntectings of every description~concerts, shows and preaching serviccs~were helcl in the college chapel. There

\\as no other place in wl1icb to tncet. The con1-

missioucrs vcre to elect thcit O\V11 chainnan,

and were authorizeJ, arnong other things, to

i1nposc a penalty of corporeal punishntent not

exceeding thirty-nine lashes for any one offcasc

(people of color excepted). The Oconee river

was the corporate line. The cotnn"lissioncrs irn-

posed a tax of 3 cents on $roo on property,

12 1-2 cents each on slaves, and $2 for liquor

license. That surely was an ideal Athens.

A tour of the town in 1830 would have revealed but few of the houses now standing. The

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. \thens Factory was not yet built. The bridge

over the river was below the n~outh of the

branch, and at low water the stun~ps of the old

titnbers could be seen but a few years ago. Near

the spring was a 1niserable shanty, once the

office uf the Gcorp,ia E.vprcss and the residence

of ib; editor, printer and publisher. Six houses

.stood on ()conee street, three of thcn1 still to be

seen~thc boarding- house next to the bridge, the

old IIodg-son house, with its ancient ceJars, then

owned by Dir. \Villiarn Lumpkin, and that at

the crossing of the Central railroad. This last

v.,as the crack hotel of the place, kept by Lean-

der Erwin, and hacl eight rooms for the accom-

lnodation of its guests. On. Foundry street-

95
nol a street then, however-the tnother of the late ~'1 r. Elizur N e\vton lived in the old Wilkerson house: the frarne of which still stands, in a different place, clad in a new covering. Detween this and' the upper bridge there \vas no house. Near the "'bridge was a grog shop, which was afterwards canied do\vn the river in the great l-{arrison freshet.
On T-Ioyt street were three dwellings, tvvo still standing-Dr. IIoyt's old residence, l;O\V belonging to .:'vir. Piilrnan, and f_)r. Ljnton's, and the third, which Dr. Ware removed to n~akc way for the present botTle of Dr. E. S. Lyndon.
Con1ing down Jackson street we pasf! lJr. .1'\isbet's house, afterward l\1r. Lampkin's, now tt1rncd around and renewed, and the hon1e of the elder ?v1rs. Franklin, later known as the \iVealherly place, which was burned about twenty years ago while occupied by J\fr. BernatJ. ()u the corner of Mrs. Frierson's lot stood a sn1ail wag-on shop, and diagonally opposite 11rs. Demaris Baldwin live'd in the Lnn1pkin house. Capt. Brumby's house was the hmne of Dr. \iVaddell, the President of the University Dr. I-leurv Hull hved j nst opposite in a house still standing, which he built of n1aterial fron~ the old of his father, and which he sold to Dr. J. B. Carlton. ?-.1r. Asbury Hull occupied the house on Thon1as street, so long the hon~e of Dr. I-Iull, and now owned by \V. D. Jackson. Opposite

96
the Baptist church was a little house aftcnvards retnovcd to the other corner of the Governn1cnt lot, where l\-frs. Andrews taught school in alter years, and recently dernolishcd. The Dougherty house, which lately gave way to the City I-fall, \vas then an attractive residence
On Hancock avenue was a two-rootn house on the \cinccni corner, and the "Athens I-Iotel," which, clothed in a new dress, stands next below the 1\iethodist church. Farther clown, the old Harden house, :\1rs. Reese's j1.1st opposite, and a s1nall cottage on the site of Mr. John 1\{oss cotnpleted the list. At ~Ir. Flen1ing's corner was a blacksn1ith shop, and on the ~eviti lot the Rev. i\1r. \Vallis had a flourishing fernale school. There were no other houses on Prince avenue nntil we reached the ::Vf anual Labor School opposite ~fr. l~psm1's. an<l Hill street was a neighborhood road.
The ~f ethodist chutch \Yas on its present site, given through the liberality of :Yir. Thmnas 1Iancock. The old building vvas retnoved to the foot of 1-Iancock avenue and given to the negroes when the brick church was burnt. :\.Trs. .:\1 athews' house, built by Dr. _Alexander H. Linion. and the old 1---lenderson house, 110\V the \iVincbor hotel, built by the father o Col. John T. Ctant. were then new and handson1e residences. On Col. ::\{orion's lot a two-story fran1e house, novv occupied by his servants was the

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home of Professor Stephen Olin, of the Uni-

versity, while Professor Jackson lived in Mr. Stanley~s house on Dearing street, across the

branch. Then:~ w -~rc no other houses in this part of.

town, ai"Id LLnnpkin street was the ''road to Wat-

kinsville." Dr. Benedict's, Dr. R. I\1. Sm.ith's

old home, removed fr01n the opera house Jot,

and the old Clayton house, next to Moss' ware-

house, were atnong the elegant residences of the

town.

Ca..-v-. ~

The only house south of the cotnp!esS- \vas the

Lncas place, the hon1c of 1fr. John Nisbet, fur-

nished \vith all the conveniences wl1ich taste and

\Vea1Lh could procure at that day, and where hos-

pitalily was clispcnsecl without stint.

On the present site of the .Acadernic building,

on the can1pus, the Prcsb_yterian cburch, lateh

dedicated by Dr. \\lad dell, in 1828, opened its

doors on Broad street, on either side the bigh, red

pulpit. Some of the old benches were a year ago

sti11 in use in tlte Presbyterian Sunday school

rootn. A'-\.t this titne there were only t\vo other-

churches in the town, the l\Iethodist, and one foi-

the negroes. There \Vere several stores, all on the nurth side of Broad street. Stevens Thoma~

did a big lmsiness where the Racket Store is.
E1izur L . .::\iewton, S. J. J..1ays and W. Letcher
~\Iitchell shared in the trade of the town.
On the Katjonal Bank site was what wa~

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kno\\'n as "IT uggins' Corner." Andre\V Grahan1.

fr01n wcsten1 North Carolina, built the store,

\\-here he dicl a thrifty buslness in everything

from buttons to billy goats. This old store had

a low basen1ent for n1olasses and vd1iskcy, with

the dry goods and grocery departn1ent overhead.

~ \ convenient porch with a railing adorned th~

front, while cornfortable split-botton1 chairs in-

vited custmners to stop and chat. Large syca-

rnore ttees shaded the porch, and altogether it

was the nwst popular resort in tuv..-n. Gentletnen

of leisure got so in the habit of loafing there

that \vhcn the office of the Southern :...1utual

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1nsurancc Ct)nlpany VYas built in its place they

con tinned the occupation in the sam.e place.

:\.Ir. Grahan1 was a bachelot-, and after his

death his nephew, John I. Huggins, who had

been his clerk, succeeded to the business. From

him. the old store "\vas kno"\vn latterly as "ling-

gins' Corner.''

There was a bookstore on the corner of Col lege ~-\venue: "\vhich for rnany years aftenvards
was occupied for that business by George V.f.
Sha"\v. His brother, Oliver P_ Shaw, whose
political opponents were \Vont to speak of hitn
as "0, Pshaw," published the L1thenaettm in the
' second story. The book store was aftenvard.s
successively kept by Alban Chase, J. S. Peter-
son and \Villiam N. VVhite, and the old fran1e
house "\vas torn dov,.rn in r857 1\_ fc\."i.' other sn1all

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shops were scattered along Broad street, but there were none at all on the south side. .:\round the town spring grew a caneb1ake, extending front Webb & Crawford's store to the Central depot, and old Dennis Clayton says he has "jnrnped deer" in i't.
Dennis said that he could remcmbcr \\hen the Oconee river ran down Droad sll-cct. and that he caught suckers in front of the t ~ank. \ Vherenpon Sylvanus :i\1orris rc1narkcd that they arc still catching them there. But l am sure thaL either Dennis' mentory or his veracity must be at fault.
On the edge of this canebrake, y...-hcn.: G. I-l. Huhne's store is, Major Letcher Mitchell had a hotel, which was competing with sharp rivalry for pnblic favor with Leander Erwin's. This old, rambling house, with yellow doors and a labyrinth of passages, was connected in aftei years by a bridge over Thomas street with the Franklin house, to which it served as an annex during- the \Yaf, when refugees were glad to occupy it.
_-\nother house r 111llSt not on1it was the Athens
Female ,\caden1y, later knoYvn as Mrs. Coley's SchooL This lot \\'as donated by the Trustees of the l ~niversity and the house built by subscription. Rev. Thomas Stanley was the teacher at this timC', and it was the principal school for girls in the town.

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These' houses. \\ith thusc previously tnentioned and a few stnaller ones {\), n~ed the VJllagc in ! kJO. Communication with the outer '\Vorld was throug-h a line of stag-es to .-\ugusta. The people \\ere in no hurry for the llC\YS, and a matter of the \\cekly papers failing tll atTivc \Yas of no ,o;crious in1ponancc or inconvenience.
!~ut though. as comp:ucd \Yith the present day, the pellplc of .\_thens lin:d CJl1ic1 ]iyes. they \Yen: by llll 111eans slun1berc1s.
The Cc01gia Railroad. one of the n1ost in'l~ purtant entcrptiscs in the State. had its inception iu .\thcns. Tile first meeting in its interests was held hen ill June. !kJJ. with ::\[r. .\sbur) I Iull as chairnl~lll. and he introdnccd the bill 01 its incorporation in the Legislature the san1l ;:e;:u. For tnan.Y years the annual n1eetings were hc.Jd here. and all its directllrs were . \thcns men until it \\as co111plcted. The Board of Directors i~1 1835 \va,...; composed of Jatnes Can1ak. \Vil1ian1 \~/ ~ian1s, John .'\. Cobb, E:lzll!" L. N cwtP1l, J\_lex lL Linton. Janlcs Shannon, \,1_ .:\I. J\iforton, VV. R. Cunningham and one rep1esentative frmn Augusta. The road was origit1ally intended to run between A ngnsta and Athens, and a branch roa.J to Greensboro was conternplated. Subsequent!) the Greensboro branch became the main stem c:>..ic::nded to At1anta, and l\thens wa::~ left on tlic h1,onch road.

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The Branch Bank of the State of Georgia was
{'Stablished in T834, with f~Ir. J an1es Can1ak as
PresidCnt, and lv1r. .\_sbnry 1--Iull as Cashier. The building now converted into a hotel on Clayton Street, was erected, serving both the purposes of a bank' and the Cashier's residence. '.2he business \vas conducted here for twenty years. and then continued in the ~ ational Bank building.
In 1R2~J an . \_ibenian pressed oil frm11 cotton seed \Vhich he used in tnachi11cs and in lan1ps. !-Iis tnethods lHJ\,Tvcr wen: too c ndc to make it profitable.
Ln :\J arch J H29 dirt was broken for the Georgia Factory then called the /\thens ::\iannfactur!ng Company. The factory was built by Judge Clayton, John Xisbet, \Yilliam Dearing and Abrarn \\>'alker as a protest against the high tariff on manufactured goods. John Johnson superintended the building and was the 111anager- of the business. The factory was in operation in Februar:y r R3o.
The Athens Factory \Yas built hy \Villiarn Dearing and John Nisbet, on the present site, and soon after its con1pletion, was destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt, and in the great I-I ar-rison along with the n1ill and all the bridges. Again freshet of 1840. one wing was washed away, rebuilt, it was again destroyed by fire in 1856, after which the present substantial brick build-
_;;:~~;;} ;--1\t.\ IV.~l~.:,~'>r""'

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1l)2

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ings, erected by the energy of the Superintendent, Dr. John S. Linton, replaced the old \vooden ones. The first fire in 1834 brought out the suggestion

I

of a fire company, which did not tnaterialize,

11<)\vever. for 1nany years.

~Ir. \Villian1 \Villian1s built Princeton Factory

and son1e years later Dr. John ::--)_ Linton and

. \lbon Chase" hnilt the Pioneer ! 'apc1 .\1 ill at a

cost of $32.uuo, \\hich was the first paper 1nill

built south of the l 'otomac l(ivcr.

In 1B2R the population of I\thens was 583

\\hites and 517 blacks, and it was the boast of

the . 1thcnacunt tlwt \YC had "nul;. 49l) less than

.\[illcdg-c\ille. Thci-c \YC:'TC 2(1 four \Yllcelccl car-

riagcs besides gigs and sulkeys and there wet-e

_!(, widows in the town. 1n 1830 the population

had increased to 1434 and we were catching up

with .\I illcdgeville. ] dont know how many of

the 2r1 widows had man-ild but the other entcr-

1niscs referred to 1Dake a pretty g-ood showing

:t to\\ n of seven hundred white people.

CJ-L\PTER [X. The taritr was a vital question in ~-\thcns at the time of which l \Vrite. .\t commcnccniCnt a t-~Tcat anti-tctriH tnccting wa5:; held at \vhich \Villiam ll. Crawfonl presided. and Ccurgc -:\f. Troup. John ~IcPhcrson l~er1ien, ,\ttgustitl S. Clayton. \Yilson Lumpkin and George R. Gillner \\ere speakers. Th<.: .c;tudcnts. full of pattiotic zeaL held a n1ass

103
meeting- at \vhich George F. Pierce took a promimcnt part. and resolved to \vear onlv honKmade good". T'he Trustees 111et them m~orc than half way in ad<,pting as the prescribed uniform f01 studcn~s. "a frock-coat n1ade of dark grey Ccorgi~t llumespun, wool and cotton, the sean1s C(JVCred with black sjJk cord or narrow braid, h1ack buttons and pantaloons of san1e rnaterial, corded ()J' l)raidcd in the same 111anncr. An exception \Yas made in favor of calico. for the reason that "n1orning guwns'' of calico wcte quite fashionable. both students and professors wearing then1 on the streets. This garrnent\\hich nntst have hecn a 111arvel to behold-consisted of two \\idths of calico gathered at the neck wjth a string, buttoned at the vvaist and reaching to the ankles, having loose, flowing sleeves. The figure and color vvas left to the taste of the wCarer, and there was as great a variety as can be seen at a county fair. Fancy the Chancellor of the l}niversity or the dignified Dean of Franklin College sailing down the street in a flowered calico ntorning gown!
T-IlY\\ever with the reality of wearing the homespun, can1c a cooling of patriotic fervor and a petition went up frorn the boys to repeal the law, which. jt scents, was cheerfully done.
One professor who was devoted to the n1orning gown was Dr. I-Ienry Jackson.
Dr. Jackson, a native of England, caine to

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" I.~.~:"
~::
.. ,,. -~~~~-:~. .,
.,::: ~
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104
Ceoq~ia a youth, not long before the close of the eighteenth centuq, at the invitation of his
brother, Ja111es Jackson, once g-overnor of
Georgia. Elected to a professorship in the Un-i~ versity in r8r r, he proved to be a valuable acquisition to the faculty, a scholar of great scientific attaimnents ancl a gentletnan of n1auy fine tl-aits of characteL \Vhen Vilillian1 I-I. Crawford \\ent as ministc.:T to the court of France, Dr. ] ackson was invited to go with hin1 as secretary of legation. ( )btaining leave of absence fro1n the Trustees. he "\Yeui to France and \Yas in Paris during the ''hundred days reign'' after Napoleon's return fro111 Elba.
\Vhilc passing tluough \Vashington on hiSway abroad. he 1net a lady to whon1 he was singularly attracted. but the fact of her husband being very much alive \Yas an insuperable objection to his rnaking it known to her. On his return frotn France, he heard that she was a widow and so soon as propriety pern1ittecl, he paid her his ad<lJesses and was manied to her. The lady \'\aS the vviclow of Ho\vell Cobb, a n1e1nber of congress fron1 Georgia and uncle to Governor Howell Cobb.
Dr. Jackson "\Vas a conscientious teacher and was n1uch achnired by the students who were under his instruction. 1:-Ie passed his latter days at "Halscot," his hotne near .i\thens, where he was vvont to receive and entertain his friends both young and old. I-Iis son. General Fienty

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105
R. Jackson, one of the rnost d,istinguished citizens of this State, was born at "Halscot."
The problen1 of the disposition of the students for a long titne exercised the Faculty and Trustees. \ t first they boarded allywhere in the pe;g\ borhood of the college; then they \vere r~quir,ed to roon1 ln the Old College. Later, by an act of the Legislature, they \vere pennitted to "board at any place \vithin the town or vicinity of Athens, prrJ'uidcd_, they board with n1oral, respectable fan1llies, of which the president of the college shall judge." Then Cmnnz.ons were provided. a steward's hall established and 1naintained for a clozeu or n1orc years. This Steward's Hall was about \vhcrc Prof. Strahan's house stands on tile Can1pus. By rcscJ~U <en rJf the Tn.J.<:tees in r82o, the quality of board requin.:~d ,vas: "For breakfasL a sufficiency of wholeson1e cold n1eat with wheaten flour biscuit or loaf bread, butter, tea or coffCc. For dinner, a course of bacon or salted bcei. \Yith a suitable proportion of cnrn breacl and at least two kinds of vegetables, and on \\~cdncsday. to have an after co'urse of pies, pudding-s o1 pancakes. For each supper, a plentifnl supply of tea or 1nilk, with a snfficiency of wheaten flour biscuit and butter." Truly a substantial bill of fare and not open to the charge of extravagance.
The board also clecla1ec1 that .. students on Sabbath afternoons 1nust confine their "\valks to one n1ile, prozidcd. this healthful and innocent

106
indulgence is executed free from an_v violation of the laws of the college."
\Vhile \\e are upon the subject of the college, it may be said. that the Dcmosthcnian Society, whkh "\vas organized in lROJ, and had for twenty years been holding- its rnc:ctings in the old schoolroom, 110"\V being in a flourishing condition, both as to mctnbers and funds, built the hall north of the chapel which for seventy ye:~rs has echoed the clarion tones of in1passioned speakers. .A new stin1tdus was given this old tnothcr of debaters by the organization of a rival. the Phi J(appa Society. by Joseph 1-I enry Lm11pkin and others in 1825. For Inany years these two vied with each other for the honors of the college, and swore their 1llc:tllbers with great and inviolable oaths to secrets which tnight not even be thought of in the presence of another.
The can1pus, which seetns to have been open at the time, \vas ordered to be closed "with posts and plank in front, and con1mon rails with stakes and riders on the other sides."
Intennent of corpses on the college hill, where persons had been in the habit of interring thetn, was prohibited in future, but the cornmissioners of the town of Athet1s \vere pern1itted and authorized to inclose a piece of ground not exceeding one acre as a burial ground. The place of intcrnwnts referred to, is now covered by the house~

r 107
ca..,t of the cmnpus, a!1l the; "bttrta; ;:::::,-Jttlld-' u[ one acre a little farlher south, filled ,,ith the cleacl of a thitcl o~ a century. still lies with its tall pines standing ~<.::t1Linel ovet its graves.
There is atiother fact that made thi:::: perjc<l ~Jf our histot-y interesting. In January 1B28 the mcr~ury fell.to zero. ln January 1~2q it \Vt.'nt to 3 degrees above and in December t8JC it marked the satne tcn1peraturc. But on ~<'cbn;ary 4, 1~35 the thernKnneter at the college registered ro below zero, and that day is still spoken ~~Jf :l~ "the cold Saturday."
In 1835 the stars fell-that metnorable n1ctcoric display which frightened hundn:ds of pe:~r,Je vvho believed the day of j udgn1ent was at hand.
In I8JO fron1 June sth to Scptetnber Jnl no rain fell-the wells wcnl dr.Y, nops dried np. branches showed no nwisture, cattle had t(1 be driven miles for water. Tn.;- Oconee .RivET could be waded at almost any point and at Augusta an ordinary wheel-barrow was trundled across the Savannah.
1n the fall of that year the ne\v college caught fire and as there was no wate1 to put it out it \Yas entirely consumed. The Phi Kappa Hall ''as saved by cutting down green trees and placing Lhen1 against the walls.
This \vas the first fire of any consequence in the town and it destroyed the college library and all the mathctnatical instruments and apparatus.

JOS
.:\t that tin1e Old College was used as a dorn1itory for the freshmen and sophomores and New College for juniors and seniors, and in each were the recitation rooltts of the Professors.
I have heard my father tell of this fire and of the heroic -..vot-k of old ] ohn 'I'aln1adge in trying to save the college. He went eve1-y whet-e, seen1ed to be in all places at once and certainly bore a charrned life. I have often thought when seeing his grandson and natnesake in the old days of the fire cotnpanies that fighting fire nntst be a ltere<litary trait.
\ month afte,- this disastrous fire one of the greatest Jloods of record ocetll-red. lt rained frmn Sunday morning to 'I'uesday night without cessation and fourteen bridg-es were washed a-..yay in the vicinity of -\ thens.
Bnt. recun-ing to the loss of -:\:"c-..v College. 1he Legislature was asked to make good the loss. It \Yas represented to them that wl1en the college Lnds were sold they hrought the aggregate smn of $I.+O.ooo. fo1- which notes we,-e taken and the whole turned ove1- to the State. The State had collected $129,000 in cash on these notes and had $1 I,ooo in good notes. 'I'he State had given the University $1oo,ooo interest beat-ing funds foithese notes and held a balance of $40,000 v:hich of right belonged to the 'I'rustees. As the result of this clain1 the State loaned the 'I'rnstees $Io,ooo and appropriated $6,ooo annually for six

10':)
years, so the college \vas rebuilt at a cost of $12350.
YVhile the burned building -yvas being taken down a student of the gramn1er school natned Thomas Grant was caught and crushed to death by a falling v.ralL ft \Vas a sad accident which threw a gloon1 over the whole con1nntnity.
The rebuilding of ne\v college brought two tnen to Athens. "-ho soon took their places atnong the best of her citizens-James R. Carlton and Ross Crane. The contract fot the work was given to them ; they prospered in business, tnarriccl cousins and raised large fan1ilies.
There was a complaint made that a11ybody who chose to do so. cut wood indiscritninately from the college lands and as rnuch as they wanted. Tn fact the campus itself had been rav-
aged, so a comtnittee consisting of Juclge Clayton,
Dr. Hull and Dr. Church ,...as appointed by the Trustees ''to repair the carnpus and set our trees on it." Think of setting out trees in what ought to have been a virgin forest of splendid oaks! .\nd all those black locusts and ai1~nthus of which students have asked year after year why they were ever put there, owe their planting to that committee. But in those days the heaven tree was in great favor. both for shade and beauty.
Among other accessions to (he town in 1830 was Sanntcl 'Tenney. \vho ficst opened busmess as a singing n1aster. _He n1nst have snr;.-:cedecl

l!U
\'- ...:ll i< 11 at comtnvncetncnt a concert by the "Society for Improvement of Sacred ~\Iusic" in the !)rcsbytcrian Church was crowded, \'~:hiif' the comn1cncen1cnt ball in Erwin's "'1\ssernbl_, Rooms" was but poorly attended. ).lr. Tenney aftt_'n\ arcls lllat-riecl ::\liss Colt. opened a book store. :-.old .'-'hoes and bacon sides, ancl I rcn1en:.btT hilll ycaL" ago as a bene-volent milJCJ- in the lraclitional \Yhitc hat.
Tn 1829. Rev. John F \\-allis opened a school for young- ladies on the :0J evitt loL Soon after he had organized his schu()l and got it \Yell uncle!- \Yay . .:\Its. VVallis died. lc;::n-iug a young daughter, ancl an inconso'able husband. ~'Ir. \Vallis offered his hon1e for sale and moved lo .\labama. 'fhe daughter be-
came the 111other of Capt. J. \V. JJrurub:y and
a year or two ago was r-evisiting her childhood's horne crowned \vith the S\veet dignity of a life well spent.
::VIr. Wallis' house was bought by Col. John A. Cobb. The place contained two hundred acres and Col. Cobb owned frorn Barber Street to the .:\-onnal School. From him all ihat part of the tov-.:n was called CobbhanL
.-\nolher citizen who can1c t0 .Athens at this tin1e was .Albon Chase. l-Ie was first associate editor of the ~-lt!zcnian \vhich he bought from ( ). P. Shaw ancl converted into the Athens Banncr. '!'his he conducted with ability tnany years.

111
In the n1canti1ne he engaged in the book business
with J. S. I-'cterson. \Vith Dr. L,inton he built
the papcrmill and contributed in n1any ways to tl. -~ gro\Yth of the to\\'n. For rTtany years before hi:. death l\I r. Chase was sccretarv of the Southen{ l\Jutual J nsutance Con1pan);. lle was an ardent 1)ernocrat and a secessionist of the fi!ccating type. I Ic 1H.:ve1 sought an office and llC\-cl forsook a friend. S]uiet in 1nanncr, cautious in speech, finn in his convictions, he enjoyed the esteem of the entire con11nunity. He lived for a long Lime in the P1-csbyterian ;\lanse, then built the house of l\J L Coodloc I-I. Yance\ on Dearing Street where he died.
Still another accessiun \\"as Thomas Bisllup . .\lr. l~ishop cc.unc tu . \thcns in 1S35 and openccl a modest store on \Yall Street behind the old postoffice. One of his clerks -.vas Geo. \V. \Villiallls. then fresh hmn his hmne~ Sacoochec \"alley. :Hr. lJishop can1c upon him_ une day standing idly waiting- ftn- a cus1nmcr \dth his hands in his pocket. .. Cem-ge," said he .. yon never sec a man \Yith his hands in his pockets who has \York to do. Get the broom and sweep the store. Ho\Y much that had to <lo with tnaking the merchant prince ()f Charleston \VC cannot tell. .\hsolutdy honest in all his dealings, Nir. Bishop had the confidence of everybody. l-Ie was small in statue, clean ,.;haven. with a ruddy complexion and yery \\hi1c hair. He ,,as sel-

112
dutn seen outside his store except at the Presbyterian clun-ch, and there, scrupulously neat in <11-css, he appeared every Sunday with the regularity of the clock.
.\lr. 1Jisl1op was a i'(orthcrn n1an by birth and during the trying period of the war he never disg-uised his union sentiments, but such was his charity and his honesty that no hatsh word was ever spoken of hirn and no suspicion ever attached to hin1 .
.\I r. nishop was the first lllan to introduce a cooki11g stove in i\thens, and in his a.dverbs~rnents \Yhen he first catnc he offered fot sale "everything used to a first class grocery, c.rccpt liquors.~)
Tn 1829, Dr. \Vaddcll sent in his resignation to the Trustees. Ei1orts 1xen~ tnade to induce him to withdra\v it. but his detennination was taken. \ n-angenlents \Yere tnade for suitable cerenwnies of a public and final leave-taking at the close of the comnJence1nent exercises, and on the day of his departure frotn hon1e, the faculty and students tnaxched to his house in a body to bid hin1 farewell.
Son1e of the n1ust distingnished 111en of the country passed out of the L1niversity as pupils of Dr. \Vaddcll. Eugenins .\. ~isbet, George F. Pierce, John .A. Campbell. Paul F. Eve, Nathaniel i'v1. Crawford, Robert Toon1bs, John N. Vlaclclell, Charles J. Jenkins and rnanY others of lesser note, but of wide reputation in their

113
Oi\ n States. received the impress of his chat-acter ''bile unclct his instruction at A-\_thcns.
Dr. \Vadclell returned to \\lillington and t-eopcnc.cl_ the .>chool he had left ten years before, but failing health cmnpellcd him to give up the \\-ork and he came back to .<\thcns to spend the remainder of his days.
Cl L\ ['TER X.
\ thcns \Yas now beginning to a ttl-act the attention of people h01n other sections. The Uni,ersity gave it a tone of intellectuality and cultme. Its natural advantag-es, its freedom frm11 Jllalaria. ils facilities for educating children ail made it au a1iractive llmne.
\s the population increased nc\\ lines of business were opened. \n1ong these we note that James 1\and opened a beef tnarkct and Sa1nnel Frost an a11ciioneer's stand, ancl S. P. Sage a je\Yelry store and ~ \. Brydie a tailoring emporiun1, \\here fashions with designs and pictures will he rece-ived in the course of tv'o \Yecks.'' In adclition to these Jatnes \Vittee notified the pnblic tllat they 1uight find a livery stable, confectioncries and 1neals at the "Co[[ce 1-Tousc" (we would say Cafe no-w) directly on the upper end of T\/[ain Street, leading to the Botanical Garden. This must have been on the site of the Windsor I-Iotel. T'llen ''Mr. \Vashington Brown informs the ladies and gcntlen1en of Georgia, Alabama, Florida,

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Sunth and \.:oJ-th Carolina and Virginia that he

intends \-isiting them for the purpose of teaching

I\nmansllip in all its ncrions branches, viz:

( :c:ttceL ( )n1amental. Ronnel. Italian, Sharp, Single. l;lu\YCr~. l )itl() !n\cr~e, Double Ditto, J-iieroglyphic and l ~nsincss hand will lJc ta11ght on the l'vcn and odd s~ mmctry." That is perfectly

clear to those who understand it and I suppose son1c did at that tinrc.

The llH.:rchants too \\en becoming indepen-

dent for they advertised that "after _A._ugust rst

they will not send out m- allO\\. tube sent out from

t JCil- store:' any anicks except shoes, corsets,

coHled skins ~md 1\islwp slce\cs b_\ a servant for

his o\\IH'I" to sclcct therefron1. 1\::rhaps the

ladies can sug:gest \\ hy these l'\.ccptions were

111adv.

~~un Fn1.'">t \\a.S lJ()t (lll]_, an auctioneer but he

\\as an cxc..dlent cabinet maker and some of the

(lld malloga11Y \Yardrolws and hnrcca1s 111ade by

him arc still doing service in .\thens. ! {e was al~o Justice ()i the Peace and his place uf business

\\as the old houst:.:.long known a:-:; Canhold's shop,

\\hich stood on the cornc1 of I! nll and l i ;tnc:ock

Strt'eb. The s:Hlp hclon.'-.:cd to Ccncr~;] I L:n-den and it ,,a:-; snspcdcd that the tenant paid his 1-ent in \'Clditts LH llis landlord. \\-hen ! ln\\Tll l' bb

1',
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\1as youn;..:. at the bar he l:ad a ca:-;e hcfnrc i;:ost \\ith but little ch<lllCC ('f ."11,'Cl'"S <cn(l ,,it 1J vn.

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llardcn rcp:c.~cntin.~ tl1c d:~c: side. I k , pp.'d

115
hy the shop one day and said, "Squire, do _you kno,, what son1c of your cncn1ics are saying?'' :'\To, what?" said the :-;quire stoppmg to spit on his hands. "\Vcll they say that you pay your rent to Ccn. 1-{ardcn in verdicts for his clients." \\lcll it.is a lie,'' said Frost. "l know it is" said :-;aid .:\!r. Cobb, .. but that is what they say." When the ca,;c came to trial and was decided for 1\!Ir. Cobb, (~en. !-farden, who mtght to have gained it ,,as utterly dun1founckd. Uttt "\vhcn he heard how it happened he enjoyed the joke too tnuch to mo\T for a new trial.
One of tllc few locals it1 the Athens Banner in ( )ctohcr t B.).) says. .:Our disting-uished couotry-
man J uhn l! O\Yard Payne Esq .. the accornplishecl
<llamatist and poet arrived in this place a few days since frurn the Suuth \Vest.''
Payne was on his way tu visit John Ross, the
chief of thl Clwrokcc Indians, ;ttld \Yhile there \labhleU .in politics which vvere :1t an acute stage, and \Ya.s suspected of interfering to prevent the Cherokees fr01n n1aking a treaty with the United States. fie was prmnptly arrested by the Georg-ia (;nard, and but for the assistance of friends \\nnld ha\T been imprisoned.
The story of John I-Ioward Payne's friendship for Miss l\1ary Harden at whose house he was a guest \Ybile here has been often told and oftener exaggerated. There can be no doubt however

116
that he did address her if the follO\\ing extract front a letter written by hi In to ::\]iss 1-lat-den and prescr-ycd by her, is adtniticd as evidence: "l an1 conscious of n1y own unworthiness of the boon l desire frmn you, and cannot, dare not, ask you to give a decisive answer in n1y favor now, nnly pcnnii rnc to hope that at SOJnc fnturc titne I may have the happiness of believing n1y affeciiutl retl,nled, but at tlu.; same tinre L conjut-e _\ ou iu rcmc!nbcr in waking your decision that it is in your power io render n1e happy or n1iserablc."
The ;..ior) that ),J L J 'aync gave _:Hiss ..:\~Jary the ,,riginal uf his poem, "J:lOine. Sweet J-knnc,'' can hardly be credited. 1:-fc doubtless gave her a copy iu his own hand writing but the poen1 \Vas written nearly fifteen years before his visit to \ thcns and it is not probable that he ever knew \\-hether the original \vas in cxistCllLe.
John J-loward Payne was an actor, a play'' 1ighi. an editor, a cosmopoliia11, a peripatetic man of the world. lle was entertaining as a companion bnt di(_l not appeal to General !-!arden as a prospective son-in-la-w, and if :;_\:Iiss Mary'-" _\ cnmg heart was touched her father soon healed the sore.
The ll anJcns \\ere elegant people in their da) and tu them was assigned the honor of entertaining Ceneral Lafa_yettc as their guest during his Yisit to Sa\'annah in 182..~. Ceneral 1-Iarden-hc

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got his title froln the militia-- ,,as a good la\\p~r but a better boon cotnpanion. 1-1 c bt~ought hotn Savaiu1ah all the graces of tbat city's social life and vcr.v little money to supp(xt the hospitalily he .dispe'lscd. He opened the fitst la,,- school north of !-\ ugusta, but it was not pccuniatil y successful. General Harden's btothcT married a daughter of J\1adarne Convai11
l\1rs. J-IanJen in her yonth had lwcu a great helle and even in old age was hcantifnl \\itb her placid countenance, and cheeks faintiy tinged with pink. She was one of those old ladies whose courtesy is shown alike to high ancl Jo,,, ,,hom it is a privilege to know and a pleasure to tncct.
l\1iss l\1ary was-well, my first recollections of l!cr were during the vvar when she was reduced to great stntits and her necessities did not pcnnit her to indulge in ne\v dresses and costnetics. _\t Lin1es wheu she appeared upon the streets she looked odd to say the least. But Miss J\1ary was a very strong character and con11nanded the t-cspect of everyone. I knew her well and she honored n1c \vith her confidence. She was highly educatccl. ext1-cn1cly courteous and rather effusive in .manner. honest and sincere, independent aa:l. econmuical, ex necessitate. I \Yas a pallbeare; at her o\\n ancl her n1othcr's funerals and I valued the friendship of hath those excellent ladies.
"\:"o sketch of .\thcns could afford to ignore the l Iillyers a Lunily which has been distinguished in Ccorgia for many years.

l1S
.:\1 rs. Catherine Freetnan and l\!Irs. Rebecca !-I ill_\ er, mother and daughter, both widows catne from \Vilkes County to 1\thens in J8r8 for the purpose of educating the sons of .iVfrs. I--Iillyer, Jolm, Junius and Granby. All three graduated at the l)niversity and all reached distinction in after life. John 1-lillyer taught school in J\then~ ancl studied for the tninistry. l-Ie ren1oved to Texas, "\Vhere, after a career of singular usefulne.-;s he died at the age of eighty-nine.
Shaler Cranby 1Iillyer also taught in '\then::;, ha\ring charge of the old Cratnntar School on l)rince .\ veu ne, and he, too, stncliccl fur the tnini;-,tr~-- lfe was for mauy years a professor in .\lerccr L)nivcr.-;ity. and at the age of ninety pt cached with great po\\ er to a large audience.
Of Junius Hillyer I speak tnore particularl:v because he was so n~uch longer a resident of .\thens.
Junius Hillyer 'vas fourteen years uf age \\hen he catne to . \thcns \\ith his ntother. :f-Ie entered the Fre.-;hman Class in College and was known as a diligent student throughout his college cotllse. ~\ college boy difficulty with Robert Toombs in which I-Iillyer "\vas not adjuUgcd in the wrong resulted in the expulsion of Toon1bs. Studying law in his senior year, Mr. 1-Iillyer was adn~iued to the bar in1rnediatcly after his graduation. I-Ie rose rapidly in his profession assun1ing in a short tilnc a leading position in the fan1ous Western Circuit.

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At different titnes he held the positions of Solicitor c;eneral, Judge of the Western Circuit,

Member of Congress and Solicitor of the United

Slates Trcasut_y. He \\as a Trustee both of.

:\Jcrcc. and the_State lJnivcrsity.

judg-e !-lillyCl- was a positive tnan without be-

ing dil:Latorial. '!'he set of his chin and the con1-

pression of his lips told you at once that his tnind

\Yas made up. _\ strang;c1 \\ onlcl have thought

hin1 austetc, but he was not. 1--Ie loved cmnpan-

ionship, he had a keen sense of humor atl<l said

111an~ quai11t things which coulll c0111e only frmn

an original mind like his. lie cmubatted the

idea of tllc sanctity ()f the Church bnikling.

Said he the l~aptisl Chnrch belongs to n1e and

\\"illianh Rutherford and :\fr~. I Luuilton and thi~

Congregation who built it to be C011lfortabic.

when \\T come together for ,,orship, hut it is no

111orc .-;acred than 1ny harn.

In 1K71 Judge 1.-!illyet re!llovecl to Decatl11,

(~a. whc1e he livc;d until hi~ death in t88R having

.c;unin.d hl:-; \\ i fe eight y-ears.

\n e"\idellcc of improvement in Athens was the

collling of Jolln I,' Coneke to <lcvote himself to

the uplifting- ol the tnnsical taste of the people.

Conckc taug-ht 1nusic on all the instruments as

well as ,-oice cnltnte. lle otganizecl a band, gave"

conce1ts and huilt a "concert hall" opposite the

\thens Fetnale .\cadem_v. This was on the rcat

of the old Frierson lot "he1e he li'-Tc<L Prior to

thi..; Cl>lJcert:-:; \\ere held in the Chapel or the Lhnrchc;;--Fourth of Jnl) orations were always dcli\cn:d in the Churches because ihc Students 1nonopulizL:d the Chapel on that day. l\{r. (;on eke kept ~. music .c;tore also and tnanaged to han~ S1m1ething in his line going on all the t~ae The band-"ibe .\thens f~and"-was cotnposed of\\". 1\. \\-ell:-;. \V. 1'. Sage, john j. Cary and Ccorge Y\'-. Scott with John Con eke for j.._:_Hkr and the_\ furnished the fit-st instrumental n1usic for the College Cninnwncen1cnt. I ~eforc that they used to sing odes and hymns.
\ftc1 Dr. \\-addcll left .\thcns lh. Nathan 1-foyt \Yas called to iltc Presbyterian Church \\hich he c-:crn~d as pastor for thirly-si:.:: years Du1ing his long pastorate childten \\"Cl~ born. Inarricd and died, leaving another gencratie:n [f) grow up undct his precepts. Dr. I-Toyt was a sound theologian and a fearless speaker. He knev,, a good horse when he saw- him, and ,,rr)tdr! have no other kind. I-Iis factotwn, old Daniel, was the sexton of the Church for n1any years, and Daniel never was sure which had the most authoril\. lJc (ll" the l)octor.
lh. I-foyt l1ad n1an.\ J)Ccularities of n1annei which, however, affected neither his popularity nor his preaching. I--Ic \vas easily annoyed by nui~cs in the dn1rch and would stop in his sermon until they ceased. Once T ren1cmber \vhen a child cried during the preaching Dr. 1--Ioyt stop-

..-----;------------~-~-------------
121
pcd and said "I cannot go on while the child is crying. l f it cannot be quieted it tnnst be taken from the housc''-which the nwthcr procceclccl to do ai on1c. \Vhcn he sa-..v his congregation gettinC restless cluri1ig a S(Ti110n he "\vould say "1
shall .soon.hc done." "r have only a little n~orc to
sa:. which at any rate had the effect of quieting thc1Jl for a little while. TYvo sons of Dr. Hoyt e-ntered the lllinistry. Dr. llcnry J-Ioyt. now one of the fathers ol the .\thens Presbytery. and Dr. Tllmnas . \. l!oyt late of Phila<ldphia, one of the di:.;ting-uishcd preachers of . \n1c1ica.
ClL\I''I'ER XI.
l'ntil 1B;p \Yatkinsvillc \Yas the only voting precinct in Clarke County. lt was an. ardent prtri~ man \Yho wonld ride seven Uliles to vote \Yhen then was no office in sight for him. Dut those \Yen' ai-dent par(y clays. It was the time of the Troup and C1a,rke parties, a division atnong (;eorgians \Yhich citizens of other states did not share 01 appnxiate. ln Athens the Troup party
\Yas in the nwjority. It nnn1bcred Judge J osep~1
IT. Lumpkin. the 1-1 nils. Dr. Chnrch. Col. Cobb, Letcher .\IitchclL J)r. l\-lome, E. L. l\1 ewton_ l\1r. C~unak, Uc Reese, Dr. Tinsley, the Nisbets and Col. Billnps on its roll. while the Clarke party claimed ~'1L Tho1nas, the Jlhinizys, \i\Trn. L. Mitchell. Junius T-Tillycr. Gov. \Vilson Lnmpkin, Gen. f-lrtrden, \lc Chase. nianton ~\L l-li1l and IVIr.

122
Franklin. The Troup n1en aligned thetnselves with the \Vhigs and the Clarke n1en with the Dea!ocrats in National politics. }lov,rell Cobb was a Troup 111an but a Dernocrat and though Clarke County was safely \Vhig, llo,vcll Cobb always ran ahead of his ticket for every office he eversought. .\sbury 1-Iull was lcadct of the \Vhigs.
Dtning tlte intense political excitement between the Clarke and Troup parties, which perhaps was not surpassed by the antagonistn of the Democrats to the Republicans in the hottest clays of reconstruction, serious c01nplaints were rnadc by the Clarke party of the vicious influence of the University. It vvas charged that the Trustees were all Troup n1en and thai only Tronp 111cn were put in the faculty, and "\VOrse than all, that their boys \n=nt to college and catne hotne imbued \\ith the danm.able he1esies of the Troup party, and forsaking the principle::; of their fathers. deserted to the ranks of the ene1ny.
This was too grave a charge to be ignored. Consequently, in 1830, the 1,-egislature enacted a law increasing the n11n1Ler o[ txustces to twentyeight, giving- an equal representation 011 the board to the t\YO politica1 factions.
In that clay, far nwre than now. tile young m.en of Georgia were Jecply interested in the great questions which agitated the country. It was no unconunon thing for a party of students to leave colleg-e to go to \Vatkinsvllle or Lexington. ot-

I
.I
I
i
.\

123
some other neighbo;ing town to hear l\1r. Crawford or JVJ:r. Berrien, or Mr. Toon1bs or Mr. Stephens- speak on the issues before the people, and on their return take their punishment as becan1e n1ep.
Fired '""'ith 'the enthusiastn of youth, -.:orne did not hestitale to attack the opposite party in their college spceches. .\ t the fixst tneeting of the Board o Trustees after its increase, a resolution was passed re(111iring-the Faculty to exclude fron1 1hc productions of the students at cornm.encen1ent, all political matict inyolving the party politics of the day.
Uoubtless it \\as a proper inhibition and the party attacked keenly felt its necessity; but, the other side secretly enjoyed the situation none the 1css. indeed, it was due to this fact that the students dared to hand in one speech to the Faculty and speak another on the stag-e, fcC'ling sure of the support of his own side if the worst catne.
'T'he l ,egislature was a stiff lot in L!.ose days and \Vhethcr Troup or Clarke 1nen, believed finnly 1n il1e sovereignty of the State. \i\fhile Geo. R. Gibner was Governor an Inrhan was found guilty of killing a man in l fall Co1111t~' ancl sentenced to he hung. ~\n appeal was n1ade to the SupreJne Court of the l_)nited States and Chief
fus1 icc l\'farshall sent an order to Gov. Giltner to
defet the execution until he could be tried before

124
the Suprc111c Court. ( ~o-n.:nwr Gihner laid the order before the Legislature \\ho prmnptly sent a ~pc\.ial messenger \Yitb an on1er to the Sheriff of J fall County to proceed imtnediatcly \\ith the execution. The_\ say old Judge _\Jarsllall was mad \\hen he heard of it.
The financial panic which S\\ept the country in 1.S73 \\as scverd.' felt in .\thens. T'he attendance of students in the L~niversity fell off, the hanks stopped specie pa~ 111enL expenses \vent up and ptoflt'-' went do\nl. Cotton went down to fi,-c cents. negroes \\ho cost Sr2oo. were sold :for lrotn S2oo to $300, and good land was offered at $2 and S.) ]KT acre.
{ ~rcat distresc; ensued and smne of our \vcalthiesL nwn came out of the \\Teck with nothing but their debts. One of these \Yas Col. John A. Cobb who had bcc0111e heavily involved in security debts and who surrendered all of a large property to hi::-; creditors. }{is negroes brought $~)o,ooo- cyen at panic prices. \.. gloom settled over the \\hole State and discotuagement sat upon every 1'acc. .\.public nweting \Vas held in the Presbyterian Ch11rch at -which DL T--loyt presided to discus.<-. the situation and it \Yas resolved that the banks should suspend specie payn1ent.
_\n1id tllis general despondency the intelligence was received of the drowning at sea of l\1ajor ( )liYcr I-J. Prince and Mrs. Prince~ who were on their \Yay froni the North 011 the "I lome.'' The

I

125

f
v

~hip was cn~ght in a storm off Cape I bttctas and 1vith Ie\\. exceptions all on board \\"lTC lost. ( )uc

o1 those \Yho escaped was John nishop an uncle

of ti-c I-I(Hlgsons, who ,,as 011 his \\a:- t< J \ thctts

t,o tdkc charge of the l~otanical Carden. lfc

b1ought tile lll'\YS of the disaster.

:\Ir. Frincc lived at this time opposite the l~-p

son place ancl O\Yncd almost all the land bet\Ycen

I I ill Street ;:~nd 1 'rincc .\venue and indeed the lat-

ter street wa:-s n~unecl for hilll. I-Ie 1vas a tllan o[

extensive culture ancl the author of n1any [ n~~it \T

sketches. "The ).tlilitia Drill' in Georgia :-:;ccncs

\Vas written by hinL Though his body was ncvet

buried, his fcllO\\-citizens testified their cstectn

for hin1 in a special men1orial meeting in the

chapel.

J1ut C"\'Cll hard tilllCS and trouble

ntterly quench the spirits of yonng- people.

\\-bile the panic was doing its \Volst the yonng-

ladies had a real ::\lay party, including queen and

all. At 3 o'clock on the aftcn1oon of ).Iay, 1837

(think of it, you girls who sleep away the after-

n)oms) at 3 o'clock the beauty of ,/\thcns gath-

ered in the grove where the Catholic church

~tands while the Athens Land played with its

usnal anitnated and finished style and with strik-

ing- effect."

_\!iss El-izabeth Church was queen. __,--'\s she en-

tered upon the stage Miss .America Adan1s pre-

ceded her. repeating lines. Miss J\1ildred Cobb

I

126 crowned the que~n, -..vho replied in a dignified

I

strain. :rvtiss Sarah Phinizy presented the scepter. ::\1iss ::\faty Brown, the :!'vfay pole; "!\1iss i\nn Hull,

"!

a white rose: ::\'[iss Eugenia I-Iarnilton, a red rose;

::\Jisscs Jane 1-Iunt and Mary J\thcna Jackson,

1noss roses, and 1\Iiss Mary Goncke a badge. All

these prC'scntations were acco1npanied by suitable

,-;cntimcnis of loyalty expressed in verse, after

\Yhich an ode '\vas sung, the l\Jay pole surrounded

and rcfrcshn1ents served.

:\oi long aficr that the "asscrnbly room" of

the hotel \vas converted into a theatre, \vhere the

drama of "lVIatteo Falcone" was enacted with

:"ongs and dances by ::\Tiss -~.fcadO\VS, ~Jr. and

-:H rs. lla1t and ~\1 rs. Drown. ~'\nd to sho-..v ho\V

foreig-nen:; appreciated Athens, l\L Le Baron De

Fleur. pianist to the Emperor of Prussia, came

all the -.,yay to gi,e a concert in the chapel, fo1

$r per ticket.

\VeiL there \Yas tronble enough abroacl, and

nobody lJegrudg-ed these young people their pleas-

ure.

J n those clays, \Yhen the people felt that the~

must have son1ething. they put their hands down

in their pockets and paid for it. \Vhcn the town

needed a granHnar school the citizens put up the

money and built one. \Vhcn the old chapel was

about to tumble down the friends of the college

built another. When the need of a fen1a~.e acad-

emy was felt a subscription was taken up and

the house was bnil t.

127
And when, in 1845, a~ town hall was the one thing needed the citizens subscribed and built the old tovvn hall i~ the middle of Washington street, whence it was rer:1oved a decade ago to serve the ignominious purpose of a' livery stable until it was destroyed by fi're.
The ohl town hall was a historic spot. It was built to provide a rnarket on the ground floor, flanked by a calaboose on either sitle, with iron gratings and filth and s1nells n1alotlorous. Above these was the hall. Its walls had resoundetl to the tones of Ben J-Iill and the Cobbs and Robert Tomnbs and I-Iope Hull and Alexander Stephens, and had re-echoed the drunken shrieks of Jess Uritlges and Jack Yarborough from the cellar below. They had vibrated to the n1usic of the elite of Athens society and had reflected the cries of the: runa\vay negro in the hands of Daniel Clower. They had reverberated to the eloquence of Thos. R. R. Cobb when appealing for secession, had shaken with laughter at the negro minstrel show, had responded to the glees of old Kemmerer's singing school, had howled with the mob that lynched a negro rapist, had smiled with the lights antl decorations of the Flower Queen, had seen the most delightful suppers, sn1elled to heaven \vith the tobacco-spitting crowd at a public meeting, revolted at the Radical gathering after the war and listened to the commencement eloquence of Carlton I-Iillyer's school.

12K
lts bell. \\ hich 110\Y calls the chilc_ltcn of the cit_\- sclwu!s t(J their (lctily tasks, rang eYery night at <) o'clock tu \Yatn the negro of the curfew hot.t, and cla;1gcd the alarm of flre to rouse the citizen~ to their safety. The old Town I--Iall! with its avenue of China trees leading to the steps, and the to-wn well on the side, the rendezvous of the incipient \Yard heeler un election days and the nn1stcr ground of the ).! itch ell Thunderbolts t I ~ut l an1 going too fast.
Sulllc of the strictures on ncgTo slaves see1n funny, not to say harsh, to the present generation. For instance. no 1Jcgro \\as allo\YeJ to own a dog; and lll.'gTocs \\ere nut allywed to assen1ble on porches or other puhlic places on Sunday; and tH:g-roes \YCTe not alhn\cd on the street after nine o'clock at night \Yithnut a pass; ancl it was discretionury with the 'l'o\\-n ::\Iarshal to whip or confine all nq2,TOe.-; found on the ~tn.~ets after nine o'clock, and the O\Yner of slaves confined must pay $r .oo to the .:\larshal or have the slave whipped_; and negroes were not allowed in a barrootn at any ti111e. These were not harsh laws. ~rbey \Yere necessary police rcgulaticms. and \VCTe necessary fo1 the good of the negro himself, as \vell as for the good ()J"dcr nf the l', m1nmnity.
CHAPTER XII. John H. :\"ewton \vas of H. evolutiouary ~tl_,ck. His father was a soldier ln the Continental arnty

_12<)

and his uncle \Vas that Sergeant John ~ ewton

\Yho, \Yith Sergeant Jasper, captured the lJritish

suldic'"rs and (reed the .\n1erican prisoners whmn

the_\ \\ere guarding. . \ 111arble font now marks

the q)Qt. ncar Savannah, (Tected by the Daugh-

ter.-; l;f tln.:.\merican f{en>lution, to conuTienwrate

that heroic deed.

Juhn II. ~C\\ton came tu ~\thens .f1on1 jeffer-

son county in L837- He opened a store on Han-

cock avenUl', just across fron1 the ::\Iethoclist

church, below 1\.lr. Hancock's hotel, but after-

,,-aJds 1110vecl to the hotel curncr on College ave-

nue. ).lr. ::\e"\Ytuu was a shn.:-..,.yd nmu of business,

and acnmnllated a large property. _\t the close

of the ,,ar he ,,as the largest o"\vner of wild lauds

in Georgia, son1e of which have since beco1ne

very valuable. 1\'Ir. Kewton -..,...,-as always opeu to

a trade, and \vas a regular bidder at auctions. He

once bought a hearse, and he owned a nliscella-

neous cullection of articles. \\llich \Hntld have put

the Old Ctuiosity Shop tu :-.hc.unc. \1 r. .:\ ewton

was a public-spirited 1nan, al\\ ays ready to aid in

an enterprise for the public good. Jt was in 1841

that he advertised ua blacksn1ith shop adjoining

\Vdl's Livery Stable, under the tnanagetncnt oi

\\'illlanJ S. Hcn1phill. an experienced smith.''

\Yell's Livery Stable was \\here the Clnistian

Church ::-;tands now.

\lr S e\\ton wa.s

une of the largest contributots to the

Lucy Cobb Institute. and I)resident of tht:

l
130
Trustees until his death. l-Ie was a power in building- the Eastern l~ailroad, and one of its first Directors. T-Ie was a kindly gentlen1an, whon1 everybody knew and whon1 everybody esteerned.
Jn .\la), 1R4o, the great J--tarrison freshet occurred-so called because General Harrison was a candidate fen the Presidency that year. It rained frotn l\ronday until Friday. 1-\ll the bridge::; and rnills for miles around v,rere washed away. The .\thens Factory \'vas nearly den1olished, and houses near the river bank were catTied a mile down strea111.
DL \Vaclclell, who after his resignation had gone to \\-illing-ton, returned to .\thens in failinghealth, \Yas stricken -vvith paralysis and died. He \\as a great tnan in every sense of the word, and \Yas greatly lan~ented at his death.
Dr. ..\fuses \iV ad dell was born in l~owan county, S. C., in I7fO. lie attended a neighboring schooL studying with such diligence that when he was but fourteen years of age he was invited to take a school at a little distance frmn his home, with the stipulated retnuneration of $70 a year and his board. ln r786 he ccune to Greene county, Georgia, with Iris parents and opened another school. lie was quite popular \vith the young people, ancl was invited to all theit "parties, at which dancing was the chief feature oi amusetnent.
l\tlr. \,Vaddell becan~e so {ond of this pleasure tllat his indulgence in it brought hitll to the se-

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131
nous reflection that it \Vas hannful. So great was the te1nptation to hh11 to dance that he finally ~hanged hjs place of abode, going to the house of a pil'US gcntlctncu1, where he assiduously spent his cvcmngs in the study of the classics.
SuLsu1ucntly, in view of preparing h~mself to preach the g0spel, he \Ycnt to riamiJ..len Sidney College, entering the senior- clas.., in 1791. Forsome yc;:us aftc1 he was licensed he preached and taught at different pl::.ces, finally locating at Willingtml, S. C. fn the meantime he had among his ptlpils \\"illiam II .. <~t-a\yforcl and John C. Calhot1il. m,-1 _rhl! in after life bccan1e the peers of :til\ thi-; lr"'!ltly llas ever produced.
\lr. \Yaddell was tnarriccl first to a sistct of _1. hn C. Calhoun, ,,-ho ;;;urvived her marriage but little tnore than a year.
~\ t \~lillington Dr. VYaclclell began a work of education which lJJacle him falllous throughont Lilc Soutb. The school nnn1bered at its nlaxirnum altendance 1 8o, cot uprising boys who afterwards became the rnost disting-uished tnen of South Carolina and Georgia.
\'Vhen the University of Georgia was lying prosttatc under the n1isfortnne of President Finley's death. superactdect to the distressing conclition in \Yhich he fonnd it. it was felt that Dr. \Vadclcll ,,as the o11ly man who could undertake lb rc~u:.;cita1.inn with any hope of success. The Trnstccs ~cnt him an 11rgcnt invitation tn assume

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132

the pn_sidenc;.. Though very n:lnctant to face the responsibility of such a task, he yiel(kd to t 1 ~c .~rgmnents of the coimniitce \\ho visited hin1, and ren1Dved to ~\thew-; in r8JS).
The reputation of Dr. \i\fadcldl \Yhich had preceded hin1, added to his energy and high character, soon r.:.1ised the enrolln1ent of students from ;..even to 111ore than one hundred.
1-lis (liscipline H;1s finn without severity, and those \\ho trifled with hii1' felt how severe he could be. :'\"o stndcnt ever tried it twice, and one_ laviug (.'0111e out fi'Ol11 such an intervie\v with lli111, said to a companion: u\Vhen :nn hear a boy bragging how he bullied Dr. VVaddell, you tnay know he is lying, for it can't be clone.
Bnt with all his finnness Dr. VVaddell had the tact to know when not to punish. One night he caught, as he believed, Xed H- playing canis. The next n1orning, overtaking hin1 on the ca1npu:-;.
the doctor .-;aiel: "Edward, r thiuk r saw you
playing cards last night.'' ''[ reckon not, sir," sai(l the culprit. "Yes. l an1 stue it was you," replied the doctor. "It couldn't have been rne," answered Xed, ''because I don't knO\\. the ace of jacks frmn the nine of deuces.'' DL \iVaddell s1niled. but did not press the n1attu any fnrthcr.
Lnclcr the laws of that day students were subj cct to militia duty. They organized a cotnpany an1ong thetnselves and n1ade a great frolic of the

133
whole affai;. '1'he nan1e given the cmnpany \vas the "Franklin Blues." I !etuy C. Lea, who afte: liis graduation n1arried .:\{iss Serena Rootes, was the first Captain. ~rhey turned out regularl.f, ,armt:d and equipped for drill and target shooting.
On Foutth of J nly occasions the~ \Yere in g-reat
dentanJ, and always finisheJ up at a hanquet. The nnifon11 \vas blue, with brass buttons, white trcntsers and high cap.
''lVluster Jay" was held at \\'atkinsville, and was a g-reat frolic. It proved su disastrous to study and good order that the Governor was appealed to to withdraw the anns v.rhich had been furnished the students. \Vhen an clectiun ,yas l:eld for officers in this n1ilitia district a livery stable keeper nan1ed Pack Wells was a candidate for lviajor, and as n1.any of the students owed hirn bills which he had been very forbearing in pressing, they all voted for hin1 and elected hinl.
CHAPTER XIII.
With the reaction from the depression of the panic of 1837 caine an increase in the business of the town and aUditions to its population. This was due in part to the con1pletion, in 1841, of the Georgia Railroad to Athens, an event which had been long anJ anxious!y expected.
\Vhen the Georgia H.ailroad reached the limits of the to\vn on Carr's I-Iill it \Vas thought in due time it would cross the river, a consununation long

LH
wished for but not realized till forty years later. There no doubt lingers in the n1e1nory of many a traveller the horrors of the long ride between the ~lepot and the hotel, as he was pitched about in Saulter's old otnnibus, splashed \-Vith rnud or :-;uiTocaied with dust. according io the season of the year-. The lost tinw, the broken vehicles, the personal discon1fort and the \vork on the road aggregated during those forty years at a low ~tluation would have graded and equipped the rrtiiroacl ('Xt('nsion over again. Tlw first train o\cr the r-oad \Yas pulled by rnules, and IVIrs. Elizabeth Hodgson, ).J:iss ~\nu and her brothers were passengers then. nwking Llwir first visit to Athens. The track was of flat bar iron, laid on :-;tringcrs. which in turn -,vere laid on the crosst1e:,. Sonwtimc_,.; the Hat 1ails \Yould \York loose and curl up. 1 f Lhc car wheel ran ~ntdc; it. as J! 5ometinws did. ihc ":--::nakc head'' would pie1-ce the l!oor of the car and the passenger was lucky \'.-hose :-;cat happened io be in son1e othe1 place.
\Yhcn the Ccorgia Railroad bq;an to run regular trains a heavy [all of rain washed away an c1nbankn1eni ncar Union Point, and the train went into the washout, killing two 11.1en. Tn consequence of Lhis Lhe Directors very properly dctcrInined to abandon nnu'ling trains after dark.
There is a delightful sirnplicity about this. \Vhy should ttains be run at night anyho,v, when people oughl to lx' at home Ydih their families 01

I.
asleep in l;.ed? Even day teains 1nake far bette1 time than \Yagon tean1s, and tean1stcrs used to be ~satisfied with thnn. . \ stage line to a sununer n.:so1t nwkcs seventeen n1iles in six hours, and its ')atnms do not complain, but let thcn1 get on Ct railroad, ancl if they don't g-o that san1e distance in half an hou~- thell- rig-hts arc invaded, Lhei1 dig-nity i~ upset. their digestion is intpairccl and their nligiun i;., seriously threatened~
lu auticipatitm of the l.'C>ming of the :ailtoad Ct ~I r. EYan:-> purchased the 1ancl hctwccn }rill street _and ! 'ritH:c aYenuc. Luilt the llou..;.c_ ou:nptccl by "\] rs. ~hcppL'rson for his residence, and the old Sto\all ht11~.'-'e for a 1Hlicl. \11 the angle hcb.vcl:n tlw l1\1 .-.;tn~cb \\as fon:'st. and the ()\Yner cle"igncd making it a park. lu !1 ,t~tunatcly financial tn>ul>Jc.., hn>ll_.<..,:llt hi.;: lnnd:.; to ....ale. and his plans
ncnT 111atcrialized. II eur; l-1 ull. J L bought the
n..,idclln.' and I )lcasant .\. Sto\al1 the hotel. The time ~VC'llled pr(Jpitious fo1 selling the va-
<..';lllt l(1t~ (Jll the :-.outh :-.ide nf !~road street--or 1:rnnt .<t.l"c<.'t, a:-. it \\a;., then called. 1n 1843 Dr. llvnr_\ !lull ,,a:-- din:ctccl hy the 'f'ru .... tces; to sur- ,.(_._,- tlll'sv lllh, \Yhich \\"tTc laid oH ...j.2 by t20 feet. except the cnnwr lob. and these wcte .3--t by 1 20 feet.
Lot .\, JEshop's corner, \Yas sold to Tho111as
. \nch-ews or $I ,ooo. Lot B, next on the east, was solcl to John H.
'\.:" c\\ ton or SR7r).

136

Lot C. for $801.25: D, for $700, to W. W.

Clayton. \V. D.I. _N[orton and John fi. Newton.

Lot E. \i\!ebb & Crav.,forcl's corner. was sold to

\ ). P. Shaw 01 $999-

Lot F. across the street. \Yas sold to . \sbury

I fnll fm $700.

Lot C \Yas sold to _!\lorton & Bradford for $500.

Lots H, [ and I< '\vere sold to \V. Letcher ~Iitchell for $.403. These v\ere the olcl hotel

lots extendinf2: to the cotnet of '1'h01nas street.

!n October. 1844. the folio\ving- lots were sold,

the nlllnhers bci11g those of Thomas' survey:

.'\"o. 72. To Young L. C. Harris,.

$ 74 40

So. 73- To \VnL .\. Carr,...

153 09

~-()_ 7~ to 77 To :\Ieredith Yarbor-

_,(), oug-h. 78. 'l'u \Ym. ,\. Carr,. So. /<_). To 1'. Chnrchill .. So. 8o. Tu Chas . .\L I~eese,.

5 1 9 14

35 6o

143 55

f

78 I6

Su. 81. 'I'o \Ym. L. .\Jitchell. ..

25 25

So. 82 and 8,1. To Jos. E. ::\-laxwell.

20! 00

\.:o. 8~. To _\ndrew l~axter ..

ss .\u.

and B(), To ~.:Illgh O"K. ~es-

233 96

bitt
~{)- 87. To J an1cs J. Taylor.
.'-.(). SR to Rg. To Eobt. Ta_do1,.
'-:o. <)2 and 93, To John Dillnps .. :":tl. 'H tu 9(>, To ;\sbury an<l I -fen-
ry Bull.

257 46 268 7lc) 922 84 355 70
200 00

\::(). <y;. To Rohert Tayloe.

9 00

137

:-io. <)8. To Y, L. G. J-Iarr'is, .. Xo. <)'). 'To \Vn1. Lehn1ann, .. :;o. 100. ToY. L. G. 1-Iarris,.

so 00
~0 00 I 00

.:\o. 101 to 104. To A. Conger, .....

'" No. ros

ro6, To A. Hull and Thos. \Vray. ... -.- ...

:\o. l07. T~) Ed,yanl Coppee,.

:\o. 108 and ro9, To D.]. Lyle, ....

1\o. l IO, To Jno. H. Newton,.

450 00
1000 00 350 00
:loo 00 r66 00

To Thos. Sansorn,.

Goo 00

To \Vtn. )(oakun1,.

Soo 00

To Thos. Bishop, ...

1200 00

\Vith the increased facilitic~ for getting to

\th('ns. cltiz('ns of other hY\VllS ntovccl here, at-

tracted by th(' cultured society of the place, the

climate and the advantages of education. In the

decade following 1840 rnany new houses \Ycre

built. The Ftanklin T-louse \Yas built by Major

lV[itchell and the stores up to Bishop's corner.

\cross the strc('t ~Ir. \Vrn. Dearing built the

Central 1-Tot('L

The 1 Iotcl which is being den1olished as I write

was all upstairs. the first f-loor being devoted to

stores and th(' access was hy outside stairs on

\Vall street. T'bey Y\'Crc last in usc ''Then John

l I. Christy published the Souther!l Watchman in

the hotel parlor. \Jr. Eliznr L. ~e-wton aftcr-

wanl.s huilt a 111uch n1ore pr('t('ntious and com-

mndions hotel and called it the "'!\; ewton 1-Iouse.

Tn fact it 'nls such a conYenicnt hotel in. every re-

138
srect that all its rivals have gone d<)\nl in defeat and no one hacl the temerity to build another to this clay. .:\Iajot \Valker built Dr. Speer's house which v\as owned successively by Col. IJa111ilton and .:_\tr. John f-L ~e ...vton. Dr. Get
ditH.~s hous.e was 1nti1t by S. J. ~laycs an old mcr-
,~ha11t \Yho lived and died there. ~[L Sten1's h(Jti~.;c \\ac; built by Dr. Cuppec. a cultured gcntlcJllan fro1n ;-;avaonah \diose daughter manied !Eshop Stevens of Philadelphia and whose son 1 lcnry became the distinguished President of I ,chi;~;h l .-ni\"C::Tsity.
'f'he llC\\ Episcopal Church and the brick :.I~~thodist Church \Yen~ cmnpleied. The Pres b)tt-riau man.<..::e \Yas en.~cted b_\- .-\I bon Chase, ancl the old f-Jolhrook cornLT store and dwelling f(JllO\YCd. lJow 1!1311_\" pcr:->ons I \\ondec rcrnen1ber Bill Holbrook, that cheerful idiot who lived lo be fift_:) cars t)lcL l~orty-f],e of \Yhich he 5pent looking
the fence occasionally \'elli1..ti4 1ng on the stn.:d in a l()ng \Yhite, hut soiled cotton dress?
~athan 1 Tolbrook dietl when a young n1an. Ilc \\a-; a JJJenlher (114 the .\then-; Cuards and was lnn-ic'<1 ,,ith military htmut-s. Old -:\I r. [-lolh14 ook Icrt the bulk ()r his estate to the I)rcshytetian Church and some trouhJc along- with it. ft is e\iclent that the divine ecunom.y didn't conlctnplatc legacies being left to churches fut inves1lnent P.ut this is wandering far from the inlpCO\'Ctncnls in rc~ll estate uf which I \\"as telling.

139
\iVatkin~ [~aynon's, ~Trs. Golding's. General !Ia;:dcn's. .\Irs. Reese's. .:\Tr. ThmTtas' and .;\fr. Blanton J:-Jill"s houses folhnvcd in quick succes :->wn. -Tllcn .:\fr. Carlton built hiu1 a house where .:\frs. :\Iandcville lived. and Ross Crane another \vherc :\Irs . .:\Iarks lives. both substantial brick houses. which to(Lay testify to the excellent work they did. .).lr. Towns put up the house \vhcre his
daughtec :\Irs. J. C. Urr. lived and \Vhich Tov..nic now owns. ~\lr. T. R. R. Cobb renovated Lhc
nld Jesse Robinson place, Judge Ltnnpkin built the J-Ionic School, Dr. Charles l\1. Reese th~ Fletning house and ~fr. Jan~es Can1ak the handsome Pld house on the hill. Just opposite was ?drs. jan1cs D. Stevens'. an old fl-anle building, \Yhich slle replaced with a handsome brick residence on the site of the Court House. This \vas bul-ncd in 1R59, soon after it was completed.
The elegant old brick n1ansion back of the Episcopal Church \Yas built by Gen. T-Towell Cobb, and it is betraying no confidence to say that Judge Cnbh \\as born there in 1R42.
It \Yas sold to ::\ Trs. Peuinah Tho1nas \vho lived there many yt'ars and 1nadc it one of the 1nost beautiful hnn~es in the town. ::\Irs. DnBose's house was built by Gen. Robert Taylor ancl his son Jan~es live<l just opposite. '!'Ius house is ,){ten pointed out as the hnn~e of Henry Grady hut as a 1natter of fact his fa111ily had livt'd there a little JllOl-c than a year when 1-Tenry left _-\thens.

140
Col. John Billups tnade his home where Mrs. Crane no\v lives, but the old house was burned, and just beyond, 1\t.Ir. Franklin had a beautiful chateau built of cedar and adorned within and without with all that \vealtb and taste could sup~ ply.
1-'assing on \\'e cotne to l\Ir. Cpson's place, built by Dr. Franklin vvho was accidently kilicd in the machiner) of a mine near Dahlonega before he ever occupied the house. Old n1rs. Long bought the place and it eventually fell to Giles 2\Iitcheii her son in lavv \vho lived there until his death. . \cross the street was the preparatory department of the L-niversity. first conducted as a .\fanual Labor School by ~\foses \V. Dobl--,in.c:, then as a GranHnar School by Shaler G. l-Iillyer. but nun: fallen into a state of desuetude. It was sa1d that 1\!Ir. Dobbins could con1e nearer wrapping a hickory around a hoy's legs than any 111an 1'~f his day. During this period. too, was built the old stone house of Governor \Vilson Lun1pkin and the Brittain place across the toad, ..,vhich had been the home of ?\irs. Rebecca I-Iillyer, was bought anci repaired by Prof. \r\Tiiiiatns Rutherford. The old Bancroft house, a 1itile bandbox of a place on the hill above the Tanyard branch. was built hy Pro. Lehrnann, and l\!Ir. Thon1as Vlray, a wealthy planter, erected the Nicholson house. where PhiL Fanny and \Vatt lived fr01n boyhood to 111atun~ years.

141
These are Only son1.e of the houses \Yilich were built fron1 1840 to 18so, and shO\Y the influx ot new people who recognized the advantcq.~es which Athens offered as a home.
CHAPTER XIV.
The rise in cotton not only gave a stin1L11us to real estate, but to the rnatrin1onial n1ad<et as well.
The follo\ving description of a wedding was found in an old letter written by 1\tfr. Cobb in October, 1842:
"Yesterday afternoon about 5 o'crock Hob Thomas came post haste to tell n1.e that there "vas
a lady at his 111.other's who was anxious to sec tne imn1.ediately. On repairing thither _!_VIiss .-\nna Inade her appearance. It seen1s she had just received an invitation to be bridesn1aids to :VIiss Drocktnan for hetself and Satah Phinizy through her negro girl Sally. They were doubtful who \Yere to wait with thetn, when Sally infonnecl them they were to select their own pattners. Mr. Cobb was requested to attend with 1'\.nn. Ancl .},Ir. Cobb did. ..t\nd such a wedding I cto not suppose \\as ever had before. The bridestnaids had never seen the bride, and the attendants previously chosen were infonned that there was "no f11rther use for their services. About half the company was fr01n Athens, the ren1ainder pure specirnens of the Democracy. The

142
t'nuntl_, beaux backc:d out: the town beaux would not hc:cume acquainted with the country girls. so :\IL Cobb had to entertain pcut o[ the: company. while t-:lc remainder cntc1taincd thtm.sch-l'-.; ,,atching- him. .\t the table I solicited the hridc 1<1 take something Jno1-c. She thanke-d me, but :.:.he ,,-a~ 'pe1fcctly fnll.' The bri<lcgToonl ,,-a_, prc""l'll {!l cat. hut .said he had 'cat powcTful.
\nd ,,JJat of some of the pcnplc "llo "ere the bulwad-:--.; of the t0\\'11 in tlli" progTcc-...;i\ c pl'1 i<l(l: ( )nc unique f)gurc applar ...; toiling up Trom tlw lan_\ard branch. short-lcg,t..;cd and almost dwarli:-;h. dt-c:--scd out in black C!>at. hi~-h black stock and higl1 :-.;i~k hat. 1-li .. hair is lToppcd s!uqt his face as red as a beet. But his blue ere has a l\\inkk in it and a ';lllilc and an !rish brogue break:-; lnrtl! at y<Hlr gTlTtin!..:- Th1.-, i-.; J()hn \(lrkpaLrick--""Squirc J(irk."' a" C\Trybndy calh_,.,j him --a tannl'i. \\ith e\idcncc.-.; tl! hi-; uadc clinging tD him. a jnll_\ ! ri:-;J1man. 1:Plll''-'t a:-- the d;:1y: a I 'n_,_..,])_,tcrian elder. ,,.)1() prayed hoth \\"Jtll uncti1 J!l
:111d \\ ith hrognc: a J n.-:;ticc of the ! 'cacc. wllt)
"as proud of the nfflcc: a 111an \Yho gn'ctcr.l ' 1 1U with a ce>nntcnancc that lwanrcd Pll _,cn1 \\ith 1lle placidity qf the lll<Hm and the color nf lhc sctti112: sun .
Al\nothcr J)rc:-;bytcrian elder. though a \cry dif ferent one, was Willimn L. ).Titchcll. \Yho \Yzt" sometimes irrcYt':TCPtlY r'a1l<"'J "Sli,'k1~cad.'' frn1n the way he hrushc:c1 his hair. to distinguish him

143

iron1 a cousin of the same nan1c. ::.It-. ::\Iitchcll

n1ight be called intense. I-lc was positive in every

phase of his character-a warrn friend. a bitter

t'ncn1y, a hanl fighter, a devoted partisan. He

hated the Yankees and clcspi.sccl every cllnrch but

the Presbyterian. ITe was naturally dogn1atic and

pitied those who could not agree with hitn. His

originality \Yas Inost delightful and made him_ to

the \\Titer a 1nost at tractive con1panion. I-I c de-

clared in Sunday school once that the Episcopa--

lians jn_Leq1rctcd the cmnn1and ''Dri:1k ye all of

it" al the Lord's Supper to tTlean to drink all of

1he \\inc, and that son1ctirncs they consecrated a

goocl deal, c--.:::pccting a large congregation, but if

I

only a fe\\' carne the tninister ancl the vestryn1en had to drink i'l all np, "and son1etin1es," said he,

"lhcy get drunk."

i

The Colonel said that Paul's thorn in the flesh \\a:-- hi;; \Yi fe. ane.l he came to this conclusion after mat nrc dclihe1ation. I1c also gave .Ahrahan1

l

the rank of Brigadier General, and saicl Esau's aulhurity \YZI.S exactly that of a J\Iajor of Geor- ,~ia 1nilitia.

I

Colonel .:\litchell \\as a Lnvyer by' profession.

~'nd ac<ruited a n1oclest con1.petency at the bar. I-Ie

\Ya:-; an active Trustee of the University, and at

1he san1c titne Secretary and T'reasurer and Pro-

fessor of Law. For years he was a sufferer fron1

asthma, and he appeared n1ore of an invalid tban

une "\YOtdcl suppose fron1 the energy he displayed.

144
::\1 r ~I itchcll married, first a daughter of Dr. .'\eisler. and his second wife was l\1iss Uass. who had been a teacher and was a very intelligent
'-\'Onlan.
Still another Presbyterian elder \vas Elizur L. ~ c\vton, one of the oldest residents of Athens. He went to school here as a little boy, and died here an old rnan. 1--Ie was a prosperous merchant, but pt-ospering rather by close economy and small profits than by vcntureson1e speculation. He said l1e was never tempted to spend five cents just because he had it, and he never clicl spend it except for smncthing he needed. If a man owed him he never left off until he collected the debt. It might be years, but he never relaxed his efforts. But ""'hile ..:.\'lr. Xc\vton wanted al1 that \vas due him, and though he was a close tradet, he was a liberal giver. and the Presbyterian church had no more staunch supporter than he. ).fr. ~Iewton was of large and unwieldy stature. and in his lattet years grew very round-shouldered. With long gray hair. a large, loose, brown overcoat. large slouch hat and stout cane, his figure advancing- with slow and n1easurccl step, ,,vas in1pressive from its very tnassiveness. J\-Ir. Newton built and owned the Newton House, now the Con11nercial tlotcl, and his residence adjoining it. now torn down. was a handsome house in its day.
Mr. Mitchell and l\1r. NewtOn could never agree, and the fates seen1ecl to keep then1 at odds.

\
1
{
j
I
l
~

145
~\h. :\litc:HJl "said ~\lr. \.'c\\1un \Yas dull and couldn't understand ; .\I r. ~ nytoll said .:\'lr. ::\litchell \vas obstinate ancl \YOulcln't understand. 1\ut there \Yas no better man than Elizur Kewton, and when he cliecl in his cmnfort.able hotne on 1\axter street tnany another man could have been T)cttcr spared.
Or. 1.d\\arcl H... \\.ate can1e to .-\thens in 1829. lle \Yas a physician, enjoying a successful practice in partnership with Dt. Henry Hull, they having tnarried sisters. . \fter acctunulating a sufficient property he retited frotn the ptactice of tnedicine and lived a life of qniet case, taking- care of his O\Vll ancl eschewing all intcrfetence with other folks. T_,..ike his fonner partner, his daily routine \Vas to go ''dovvn town,., sit an hour or two in the [nsnrance Office, tnake the rounds of the stores ancl go hon1c to dinner. Quiet altnost to titniclity, Dr. /are rarely conversed. He listenecl. But he \vas csteetned for his sound judgtneni, his sincerity and his integrity of character. ]-Ii:o. counterpart was ~irs. \\Tare. Full of life~ loving the c01~1pany of old and young, tich and poor, hospitable to lavishness, 11ever too sick to go to a ''party." and nevet too tired to give one, she \Vas universally popular and tetained till her last illness that. youthful vivacity and unfeigned cordiality \vhich, added tn the other attractions. of her elegant hotne, 111ade it one of the centers of the social life of _Athens.

-

\

146

I

\Villiarn ::\'1. J\tiorton \Vas a citizen who was al-

I

IYays to be reckoned with ,,hen a proposition of a public nature catTle up. ?vir. 1-Torton was a merchant, and 1vas the first fire insurance agent in the

l.

to\vn. I--Ie kept hotels, fanned and traded in

everything that would sell. I-Ie had 1Ttany ups

and do,yns and experienced all the stniles and

frowns of a fickle fortune. ."\t one tirne he had

a n1ultifarious business and plenty of Inoney; at

another he had nothing but creditors. Dut his

energy never relaxed, and he would get on hi3

feet again and take his share in every public en-

terprise. -:'vir . .:\Jorton was once ~1ayor of the

town and was at the san1c tin1e a rnen1ber of the

.\Iethodist Church. It was reported that when on

a visit to Xcw '{ork he went to the theater, and

l~rother Dilly Parks "had hin1 up .. about it. .l\Ir- .

.i\1 orion said jn extenuation that he went to the

theater as the l\;Iayor of 1-\thens. 'And \Yhen the devil calls for the lvlayor, \Vherc will Drothe:-

\

.:\f()rton be?'' said tl1e uncon1prmnising pastor.

I

CHAPTER XV.

I

f 11 1844 there \Vere two places wher-e the S111all

"

hoy was ten1pted to spend his half-din1e-"J-\.

nr_y-die, Confectioner and Proprietor of the Tetn-

per-ance Coffee I--!ousc and Bath J--Iouse."' where

\fcDo\\ ell's building is now, and "Wm..A.. Tal-

rnadgc, Confectioner.'' lee creatn was to be had

at the latter place, but with ice "at five cents a

.. 147
pound to clubs of twenty" it n1ust have been an expensive luxury. In later years I--Iansel, a free negro, kept a cake shop behind I-Iuggins' old store on Jackson street, ancl inaugurated the delivery system \vith a s1nall cart and pony. There linger still tooLhs01ne recollections of his ginger cakes, so slick on top, and tea cakes sprinkled over wit11 sugar. 1 iansel was stabbed in r855 by a negro belonging to ldrs. Golding and instantly killed I-ie was killed in his hon1e, a little house on the con1e1 \Yhcre ::\Iichael's store stancl.s, ancl \\here
.:\lL S. J. :\I a) s lived until he built the Gerdine
house. I !ansel had bonght his ,,ife, I Iopey, Iron1 .:\[r.. \shnry Hul1, and after his death for a lou~ time she continued to tempt the palate \Yith her cakes anll confections.
/\s to icc, for n1any years an olcl ice house stood \Yhere Uillnps Phinizy's \Yarehouse is, and when the pond ''as frozen over the citizens interested senl their \\agons and hauled in enough ice to fiJI it. That supply, however, was very precarious, since the poncl was frozen oyer once in about five ) cars.
But \Yho cared for ice with such \Yells and springs bubbling up on every side \vith purest water fresh fron1 mountain reservoirs, cold and clear, \Yhcn no suspicion of bacteria invaded the tnind, and boiled water was nnkotH\'11 except in conncclion with soapsuds?
The streets in ~-\thcns were without official

names for many years. Indeed, in so small a town there seen~ed to be little use for then1. Every inhabitant knew where to find everybody else, and as for strangers-why, it was easy tor them to ask directions. Broad street was known both as Front and Public street. ::.Vir. John H. );ewton advertised that he \Vould open a store ''next door to ::\lr. Hancock's." The Banner published that its ''office was 111oved to the new wood building a few yards \Ycst of the Postoffice. on the principal thoroughfare throngh the town." But afterwards it was 1nore specific when it announced that ''the office of the Southern BaHner will be found in the two-story wooden building on the corner of Front street and College avenue, opposite the College canrpus on one side and :'\ewton's brick 1angc on the other."
An cxa1nplc of the inexactness of locations and n1etes and bounds at that time is found in a tnort-
gage executed by n. Herring to 'a lot between
='-1rs. De Trobiand's ancl \V. L. ~{itchell, about thirty-nine steps in front. thirty-one steps on the back line, and about forty-four steps in length. fronting the street.' Could anybod) locate that lot fron1 such a description?
A systen1atic schen1e for nan1ing 1he streets was not adopted until 1857. and therf at the instance of Captain Frank HilL who \\as a 1nen1bcr of the Town Council.
Two brothers, T. _-\dclison Richards <1ncl \\"il-

l

j

149
liam C. RiChards, were great additions to the
growing town in the forties. Addison Richards was an artist of no mean skill, his brother a poet and musician, and both men of n1ute than ordinary literary culture. 1\/frs. Willian1 C. Richards was Principal of a flourishing girls' school, calleJ the /\thens !Iigh School. At the titne J refer to she taught in the Demaris Baldwin house, still standing on Jackson street, between Hancock and Dougherty, and once ownc i by the w1it.cr.
A May party was given by this school in 1843, \Yhich for n1any years was spoken of as a gem of its kind. It was designed by l\1r. Richards, and the recitations in verse vvere written by hin1 for tl1e occasion. The throne was on the front porch, which was 1nassed with flO\Yers and vines. 'I'he audience sat i.n the front yard. The Queen was ?\linen a \Vinsteacl: S~rah Baxter, the bearer of the crown. and .-\nn \\'"adclell, the herald; Elizabath \\'instead and Hlandina Baxter were n1aicls ( f honor. and Claudia Claytr>n h )Je he SI~CJ.-LCL Spring. Summer.. \t1tnmn and \\'"inter were represented hy J anc Billups. Batavia Thomas. Sue Lampkin and Ella 1Iil1. Jane Reese and Elizabeth \\.arc bore garlands. while Ellen Richards personated Flora. and Sarah Baxter. who crov.;necl the Queen. \vas 1-Iopc. It \Yas a bevy of belles. and the play was as beautiful as the day \vas fair. .\fter tl1e progra111111e was con1pleted eleg-ant 1efrcshtnents were sen.ed to the audience,

150
and still later the entire con1pany adjourned at s1x
o'clock io attend another .:\1ay party giveP by 1\t[iss Lord's school, the .1\thens ~f\caden1~., en Lhe Scudder lot.
_[\_s an evidence o{ the prog-ress o{ .t\thens we note that soon after these .:\lay parties, and possibly suggested by them, Prof. V\Thale opened a ""dancing acaden1y" over J-Iuggins' store. \Vho that ever saw that old store could conceive of a dancing school in tl1e second story? ~\nd in addition to that, Monsieur G. L. Jules D".\utcl opened ;:1 French hoarding-house, \\ith a French cook anJ French dishes \\here the boarders might lcan1 the French langnag-e gTati.s. _\ncl on top of all came a meuag-erie t1aveling through the conntry as tl1ey \\ere wont to do, exhibiting a taper, a 111ppopotan1us-Ll1e first evet in \n1erica-an ocelot from the .\n"lazon river, a vulture king, a g-hetah and n1any strange animals \vhich have sitJce becollJe extinct.
John l ~ishop \Yho escaped in the wreck of the II o11zc. ,yas a skilled gardener and can1e to .'\thens to superintend the botanical garden. This garden was attac-hed to the chair of natural history in the college of "\vhich Dr. J\1atthus Ward \\-as professor. Dr. \Vatd had none of the clen1ents of manly beauty. I-Iis features were not hannonious, his figure yvas ungainly and his costun"le composed of parts belonging to different ages. D11t he \Yas a gcntlernan of education and

l 1 51

i

an enthusiastic botanist, and a gentler, kindlier

I

111an never lived. In a recitation in botany, the

I

professor asked a student how n1.any species of
a certain plant there were. The young rnan re-

pl-ied at a venture, "'Three, sir." "Yes, yes,"

I

said the doctor, "but there were fon11erly only t\\n. and the same lll)\Y is... The quaintness of his C"'\:pn::ssi(lllS sccrned to impress his lectures on the students. Ilc once ~aid, ''\Vords. young

gcntlClnen, arc only pegs on \Yhich to hang our

ideas." This struck the boys' fancy and ever

aftenY:-t.nls the uld prnfes.-.,or \Yas knO\Y as "Dr.

Pegs."

.\_fier his collllectlun with the college ceased, DL \\.ard lived for rnan~ years and until his

death. at hi~ horne lH1 the hill beyond the b1anch.

amld the 11(>\Yers and fruits and many Yarieties

of ornamental trees he had plantecl ycaxs before.

17rJ~ botanical garden \Yas located across
J:oanl Stn;et fnn11 Ur. \\ranrc; home and in-

cluded the s,Juare bet\\ cen L<'inley and Pope

Stn.:ets. Jt '-Yas beautifully 1aic1 off and planted

\\ith many kinds of trees a11cl shrubs and f1owers.

I Jere gn_'\Y a willo\\- gTown fr01n a cntting

brought from the tomb of ::\ apoleon at St. Hel-

ena: here were plants from the Cape of Good J lope, and trees frmn England, and it '\\..'aS de-

signed to have a garden \\~here stndents of bota-

ny n1ight con1e fron1 all parts of the South and

study the specimens frotn life.

152
::\Iany an hour in that delightful resort of
forn1er da_ys have students and townstnen whiled
away, enjoying the dolce far nicntc under the "illows or stretched beside the 1iitle lake, or strolling along the shaded 1valks. 'I'hat charming retreat, hallov-.red by many a whispered confession an(l brightened ]y, many a blushing admission. fragraut with llo\\ers. tinted ,,ith the sunset's gold. and musical \\ith the thrush an,l n1ocking bird, is 110\\-, alas! the w~shing-grouncl of the loud-mm1thed colotTd la11ndrcss; and a fC\\ old cedars, a broken hedge of os;~_gc orange, a poplar. and Jnayhap, a willo1\, are the sole relics of its ancient be::mty.
. \_ unirp1c figure. farnilia1 in the fifties. was Jnhn Jacohns J<'lonrnoy. Of good birth and \\itil a liberal education, impro1ed by travel alnoad, hi:--:. associatirns \\ere among the best people, hut nith the loss of hearing came proverty and afi1iction. and unbalanced in tnind he drifted .::1\\-a_\ to the lO\\cst stratnn1 of society. Although totaJi_,- deaf. he readily understood a speaker by the 1110\Tnlcnis of his lips, ancl could converse fairly 1veil. l-Ie vvas an inveterate contributor to the ne'\vspapers, and \\hole colnn1ns of exhortations to n1orality and c01nplaints of the degeneracy of the tin1es \Yere published, until at last the editors refnsed to receive them.. Then he paid for their insertion, and when no longer able lo do lhat addrc~sed his n1anuscripts to inclivi-

I
''

153

duals. H c was opposed to slavery and advocated the expulsion of the negro frorn the country. In the division of his father's estate he refused to take either negroes or rnoncy deri vcd fron1 their sale anJ onlereJ the executor to send his share of the negroes to "\frica.
He was a believer in polygam.y and had several wives-not all at the sarne tinte, ho\vever. 1-Ic and they did not agree, if his publications are taken as iestirnony. The follovYing advcrtisern.ent appeared in 1S_:;():

~OT!CT';.

The public \\'ill be reassured lo observe that

I vvill pay nothing not ,_-ognizabk by n1c as a debt .

.:\fy wifl' alicrnatcly Jcaycs me and t-ctun1s, and

is nmY rcabscondcd. nnceJtain \\'hcthu or not

Lo come hon1c any more. :\ly offence is inability

to snpport her in the extravagance she wants.

I can scarcely call a dollar tny OY\-n. The genius

of won1<111 is the talent o Satan. She il is that

1nust be o\cnJtaslcrecl.

J. J. Ft,OUl{~OY.

In n~sS another wife died, aged 16. Then

he pHbli~;lwd a clisscrtatlon on trigamy, entitled,

'Go to the IJihle." The nCxt year l1c n1anied

the Lhlrcl or fou1t11 wife \vho, as he c01nplained

through the prints, soon after left hirn nto follow

her own devious \Vay." She died in 1863, aged

r8. Mr. Floun1oy \>.,:as a sttiking figure in his

latter days when he appeared on the streets vvitl1

15+
uncut hair and beard, both white and very bushy, dding upon a sn~all donkey, and clad, though st11n1ner it was, in an India rubbe1 overcoat. 1-lc died in great p1overty in Jackson County after the war.
ln 1 fL~4 a rnddy youth, [resh f1on1 the Em-
erald rsle, can1e to ~'\thens, and obtained C!Tlploy-
Incnt in the drug store of _\ __ \lcxandcr & Co., on College _'\veune. ~ ot long aJterward, on the occasion of a tcn1perance rally, be was invited to ntake an address. I-lis speech, delivered with all the iet-vor of an Irish orator, brought hi.n1 into J>rontincnce an(l social recognition. Judge Joseph 1 f. Lumpkin \\as attracted to l1i1n, and advised hin1 io fii ilinJscli lor the bar, offering, if he could make his O\\ n board. to give hin1 insil"Uct ion and le1Hl hi1n the b< J(Jks necessary lor the stnd_v of il1c la\\. 1 fc readily accepted the d!Tcr, and was in due ti1nc acbnitted to the bar. This was ()_A. T..ochranc, in after )"CaJ-s Justice <)f ihc S11pre1nc Ccntrt of Ccorgia. l Te Curn1ecl a p;u-tncrship with Thos. l-. Camak and soon af1er tnarriccl a daughter o[ 1-lenr_v (~. Latnar. .:\fr. 1.,a1nar tl1cn livecl in .\Ir. l:pson's house 011 I 'rince . \ vennc \Yhere the n>arriage took place. . \ fierwarcls ihe_y all 1novccl to :.\f acun.
CHAPTEH X\T
Son1e of n1y readers will ren>embcr a little old lady, dressed in d1ab, with a poke bonnet, and car trumpet, very deal, and very active in the

't

)

r

155

years before the war. This was l\1adan1e Con-
vain. The following autobiographical sketch
given IDe by her grancldaugllter, J\1rs. S. C.
Reese, will introduce her: wl'he long litcra1y
of n1y nam_c is Rosalie Rcnie l\1arie Claudine
Joscphlnc Y \TOn \in cent Dennis, de K cdc.t:.on,
de 'l'rohriaud, daughter oi Chcvclier de Trol)liand. l \Y;-tS bon1 7th of l\lay, 1777, in Trcguicr. lhittany. Transported by the events of the Reyolution, \\itb rny parents, and put under the surycillancc of the Rcpnblicans at l\IontlllartJc. 11ect r P;uis, [ married Genctal .i\nge de la J )crrictc in I7<:JJ. I hayc t'\'vo sons-one dead. :\ l y pre ~eni li\ing ~on is Col. . \ng-e Adrian de la Pcnictc. [ nJatTiccl a second titne, l\1.. Gouvain, a 1nost a1niablc gcntlen1a11, but not of nobility, but highl) respectable and intelligent, in 1799. 1 have t\YO bcautifnl children. VVillia1n and Iviarie . \ntoinctic. I first canw to .\tnerica on a visit, by ilJ\"itation, to Governor ~I on roe, of Richn1ond, \"a., rBo2. Frmn there we go to West Indies, and stay three years, \\here \vas horn n1y daughter at :\lartini<lne, the birthplace of Josephine, \\hich incident greatly attached my daughter to the Empress. Fronl there l go to Philadelphia, and very soon embark for France, to ren1ain awhile, and lxing back n1y two sons, \vho I left in T-'rance, the eldest at the School of Nobility, the younger \vith n1y sister, Countesse de Villars. In the meantime n1y husband cam.e to Athens, -in

15f)
advance of me, to take possession of tny gTeat
estates, which consisted principally of lands, I
having given in exchang-e for the Count D'Es-
taing claims 111y plantation and negroes at \Vest Indies. J enjoy the society of n1y fatnily awhile, then go to my country ,seat, near J\faln1aison, \\here \vas the Ernpress in deep despair. I often spent hours with her, and pern1it rny little child to go \Vith her. as she was pleased to see her. Through her inf1ucnce. ='Japoleon adrnitted tny son to the school On the night of the illun1ination of Paris, the cyent of ?'-:apoleon's tnarriage to _\L:u-ie T_,.ouise, 1 hid adieu to tny native land, \Vith my interesting children, to join ::\L Couvain in Ccurgia, and I can1e to \thens in Septetnber, r8Io. Exiled fron1 tny connections. a perfect Stl-angcr to the Jllanncr.s of this De\\ COUnlry, f soon experienced a change of fortune. .:\ grancl alarm \\as given. and for fear of an attack, all the \\on1cn and children \Yent in the College to be protected against the J ndian,s_ :\[y son \Vill~ iam. of thil-teen years, \Yould ,show his bravery and stood guard a11 day and night, took a violen~ cold, and died frmn the effects. Deprived by the
Indians was r at that time of 1ny eldest son, i\nge
de 1a Perriere, then sixlcen years of age, whose ya1or engaged as a sin~ple volunteer, in OI-der, he said, to prove hin1se1 a tnte An~erican, and, if he die, to create son~e friendly protection to his dear n1other. l-Ie was \voundcd, but was nntch

j
r

i

157 achnired for .his bravery. .A second titne he en-

I

rolled in the Seminole war, and at nineteCn \Yas

I

pron1oted by Gen. Andrew Jackson to the title oi: Lieutenant Colonel. Tviy daughter tnarried, in

1819, Dr. R. 1<-. Harden, \Yho had settled on his

I

planation, near ;\thens. J dividccl the \\TCck oi tny once grand fortune with tny children, atvl

was content to liYe in retirement and tranquillity,

but alas, the fire, with all its fury, destroyed the

lcnlnant of 111_\" poor fortune."

The: lYEstaing- cbin1 \Yas a track of land in Clarke and ~[adison Counties, beyond the I-lull

place on Ttail Creek.

'l'he t t;Lt had been granted to Count 1YEstaing-

in consickra1i<>n uf his scrYices to the State of

Ccoq:6a at Sa,annall dnriug the Revolution. The Count p:()1Jahly nc\rcr sa\\. it, but his desctip-

tiun of it induced ).1ada1lle Couvain tu exchange

lor it a yaluable plantaLion in the \Vest lndies

and she can1e heee to occupy' it.

J\1. Gun vain, \vho had been private secretary to Presideut _.:_\lontoe, had preceded \I.adan1e and

built a ''chateau" on tbe present site of Lhe GcOl-

gia Railroad depot. It \\as later kno-wn as the ''\Vilkerson place" and \\as n~moved to rnake

roon1 for the depot. 'l'he frame rebuilt in a little house opposite the Cotton Compress bears

no rcsetnblance tu the lcl\\ roofed chateau.

::\fadame C~ouvain '"as a chan11iug old lady, with all the graces of the French cou1t. And

158
how could she be otherwise. I--Ier first husband, l\ ngc De 1a Perriere was a general in the I<'rench anny. J-Icr sister, the Countess De Vue De Vil1ats, was maid of hono1 to the Empress Josephine at :2\1a1rnaison after Napoleon had divorced Iter. J\Tadcunc Gouvain was her neighbor and friend. She ,\as the aunt of Ceneral nolivar, the South :\merican patriot, for wh01n 11olivia \Yas ll~lmed. and she had been much in the society of the most rli">t-in.l?:nishccl people of her clay and gei~ eration.
:\I ;:l_(]amc ( ;ou,ain \Yas small in stattue, active a11cl vi,acirms. ~llc \Y<lS often at 111_:.- father's house \\-here ;-;llc \\-as aJy,:ays a welcmne g-uest and the \vho1e fa1niiy esteemed her highly.
Ln 1830 she tetnrned to France, recovered a remnant of her property there ancl came back
en(l her da) s an1<mg her gTand-cllildren in . \thcns. De LoYick Pierce received her into the ::\lelhodist Church, and lu1ty years aftervvanl JXeache(l her funeral sernwn.
( Jnc of the Rectors o( the Episcopal Church was the Re,-. ).!r. I ,i.nehauglt. fl e was a man of fair ability and eminent for social qualities. _-\ channing companion, a regular !;on <.'iLwli, he loved a hunting party more than the ptayer sct\'ice, ancl preferred a good story to theology. 1-Ic was a g-ood cook, and frequently invited his friends to taste his dishes. and '"Linebaugh coffee" created an active demand for the "Linebaugh

159
coffee pot.'' ~\lr. Linebaugh bccan1c too fond of
the inebriating cup for his own good, a habit cm~tractccl-so ).fr. J\1itchcll said-Irmn his intcrprct;-ttion ol the cmnmancl "Drink ye all of it.'' }.Jr. Linebaug-h, so it \V<lS said, consecrated nwr-2 \\ inc than \\as uecdcc1 for the conununion service, and in obedience to thclt comtnand tbank all that \\as le 1-t. _\ t an:v rate he became an inebriate and a hankn1pt, and n:titcd to the plantation of a rc laii\-e in \ laLanta, where he passed the tcntnant of his dayc-, tmdcr the strictest snrvci11ancc, lest he shon1d s!llltg-g-lc a bottle of contnthand liqtlOL
Perhaps tbc best known man of bis clay was Capt.\\". II. Do1scy. . \s ::\farshal of the town, Clerk of the Council, tax collector, auctioneer, comntission agcnl, conductor o[ the omnibus li.ne, he had a p1casant \Yorcl or a quick repartee for everyone. ile \Yas everybody's [tiend, and the \\idow and the orphan, not to speak of other folks. called hin1 for all sorts of services, which he cheer fully per Ionncd. I well ren1etnber how, cltuing the \Yar, Captain Dorsey used to carne over fron1 the depot on the mnnibns, calling out the nc\-\"S as he passed np the street, with all the en~bellislunents that voice and gesture could give.
Capt. Dorsey \vas portly in fignre and in~pres sive in nwnncr and a larg-e fatnily connection in .\thens trace their descent Iron1 hitTl.
A Iatniliar figure on the streets was old Billy Nabers. He can~e to Athens when a boy, settling

160
on a fanT1 about six n1iles from town, and a more atniable man never lived. I-Ie accurnulated sorne property and vvas a good citizen, but he became far too fond of liquor, and never can1e to town but he \vent away fulL l-Ie always wore spiketail coats. cut high in the neck, and one particniar blue coat \vith brass buttons he kept for Cmntnencem.ent Day. For forty years he never n1issecl wearing that coat on that occasion Though a hard cltinker all his life, and undergoing nn1ch exposure, he was retTtarkably llealthy, and died a little under eighty.
CH/\PTER XVIL
.-\thens was n_o-.,v in her pallniest anti-bellUin days. Population \vas increasing. business ,,as enlatged, wealth accumulated. Taxes \YCee luw -12 1-2 cents per $lOO. and provi"'ions cheap. Chickens at five cents. beef at three cents. turkey gobbler." at three for a dollar, Y\'ere attractions that could not be withstood. True tbcrc \\"en~ no daily papers. no butchers' n1atkets. no delivery of g-oods. no pavements, no street lan1ps. but thcte \\"as cmnfort and eleg-ance in living. a retl.ned and cultivated society. and all the elet11ents of an attractive hmue.
\ census of the town \\as taken b." Capt. Dorsey. the -:\!atshal. in 1R52. and showe-d a poptlla tinn of 3.402, white and black.

RESIDHXCF; OF MR. A. I~. Ilm.L-Bun;l' 1856

161

Fronr 1815 to r86o -~v[illedge L~venue "'\vas settled. ..\lrs. Stovall's house, built by ~vir. Sayre. ,Dr. liunnicutt's by Jno. F. Phinizy, the Lucy
Cobb Institute, lvir. J. l\I. 1-Iodgson's, Dr. Hanl-
ilton's, l\'lrs. Phinizy's, .:\Ir. :Hull's, JYir. Dearing's, Col. Thunnond's ancl _._\Ir. Yanccy"s, all sprang up a settle1nent in the woods. ...:\n olcl land n1ark. Ilttgg-ins's stot-c. \\as retnovcc1 to the Botanical Carden lot, and converted into the Swann house. It its place the State Bank and Southern l\Iutual insurance Con1pany erected the buliding now the ~ ational Uank and fron1 the Georg-ia >Tational l~ank around to "\IcDowcll's was rebuilt anew. The old Georgia Railroad depot on Carr's hill was built in 185() by :\Jr. ]aJnes Carlton. and the residence of Dr. Lyndon. at the head o Jackson Stn~ct was built by Dr. E. R. \\'are.
Thusc lots \Ycst of Pnlaski Street were held by the Cniycrsity until 1857. when they wc1e sold, a:> follows:

:-~, . .L) and --t--1- ..\Irs. Stovall's and lot in
rear. sold to J- S. and S.D. Lin-

ton.

.. .. .. ....

~o. 34 :\Jr. \Idlahan, to Ceo. P. Fel-

lows.

~o. 38 and 39, Dr. H. C. Vvhite to A. P.

Dea',ring. . . . . . . .

:-\o. 40. \. L. 1-Inll to "}.Irs. \Vrn. Dear-

$I soo
500
8oo

111':.!,'-

"\:o. --J--2, Dr. Lipsc()]nb to J. T. Lurnpkin.

--:.oc--.

162

:\o. 43 Judge I-I errington and the Villa to ::\lary ::\J atthC\YS,
:\o. 47 and ss. Dr. ]. A. l{nnnicutt to
)no. F. Phinizy,

Goo
1400

:\o. 48 and 57, Lucy Cobb Institute, ...

8oo

;:-.;l-'. -f<J and so, ]. :\f. IJoclgson ailcl l\.

J;;. Cri/Tetb to Jos. T. Lun1pkin,.

8oo

so :\o.

and 55, Dr. I-Janlilton to ]. T.

I .,.t11npkin ancl J as. Jackson,

8oo

:\o. 51 ancl 54. ]\-Irs. F. Phinizy to Jno.

T. Grant,

8oo

:--.:o. 52 and 53 ..'\. P. Dcal"ing,

8oo

\.~ ( ). (\o. ::\1 rs. \Vilkins to .\!bon Chase, . .

,,._ :\o. Gr to ()S, Front \Vilkins to 1-Iancock

. \\c., to W .

l~umpkin,

I 50
1000

~ 0. ()() "lo 7 I, Front }Iancock r\ vc. to \\"addcll St., toT. R. R. Cobb,

1050

The total sales, it will be seen, of all the lots

:-;nld fron1 the -:\fi1leclge clouation of six hundred

a,_-rc~, aggregated $27,000.

. \bout this tinte there sec111s to have been un-

usual n1ctenrological disturbances. Violent floods \\ashecl away all the bridges in r854. Early in I 850 snow laid unntelted on the ground for thirtythree days, and a young 111an, ] mnes !\1errit, was frozen to death at Barber's brick yard-now on ::\fr. Linton's place. In January, 1857, the mer-

163
cury fell to three degrees below zero, a feat never ,since acc01nplished in this place, but once when a few yea1s ago it d1opped to-5.
A telegraph line was con~plctcd to Union Point in 1852, but it \Yas a short lived enterprise. The patro11age did not pay the expenses of the opelator, and con1plaints were filed that n1essag-es \vere sent and had not been heard frmn three weeks afterwards.
In I 853 an office of _Con1bs Exp1css Cmnpany was (lpcned \Yith Terrell :!\T. J.,.an1pkin, .\gent, subsequently chaugecl to :-\clatns Express. and later to the Southern Exptess Cotnpauy, with Captain \Villian1 \Villiatns as .\gent iu 1862..
f<'or thirty years this sturdy son of \Vales, a sea captain in his earlier ycats. served the cotnpany in this office and then vith a life pension spent his few ren1aining years atnid the flovvers of a suburban home.
'T'he first Grts VV orks were put up by Grady & Nicholson ncar by their store on Thmnas Street. 'rhc 'gas vas n1ade fron1 pinewood, aud 'vas a slight in1provement on candles. Their patrons, ho\Yc,et. \Ycre "-illing to put up with less light<J.s compared with the lard oil latnp-for Jllore convenience. The pipes were laid by Jack O'Fat-re11 ,dth a thoroughness yet to be seen in son1e of the older houses of the city.
When lightwood became scarce the supply of gas hecame precarious and one never knew when

16+

1he house \Yonld be prccipitrticd intu Ci1nn1crian clarknc~s. During a session of the ~ Icthoclist conference here Rc,. lJanYell Parks announced

'J)r. \\. f>_ Jlanison \Yill preach to-night. There ''ill be plenty oi gas. _\ s Dr. 11 aJTison ,,rts

gi,cJJ to talk and soJnctilllC-" scattered badl_\ tllt

;HJllounccnJciJt \Yas greeted ,,ith applause.

\\.hen Jc!Icrsun 1,anwr ,,-as Jllarried. in tllc

1ni<lst oi tl1c _fe;-;ti,itics Lhe gas \\Tllt out lca,ing

tile \n::dcling party in darkness. Sot long aitcr-

\\arcls Captain Lamar \YCllt into the anny ancl \Yas killccl in battle. .\n old lcunily :-;eryaut \\l1(1

had lrmg been dead appeared 111 a truuhkc1

state of tnind ancl 111 cunseqnence thci-c-

uf ClC h(m;-;c bcccunc hanntccl.

tlo lll)i

kno\Y wlH::ihcr the pl-t.':-iCllt \>Ccupant ha~ .-->cell

:-;pooks ln the l1ousc or not. bul reputabh

\\itnesses say tl1e: used to be seen--\\hcu the g<h

\\as poor.

. \ sad occnrrcnn_' i11 1S,3.2 ,,as the death rJi Frank I~~-: au a :-,tudcnt in College frmn Flurid:~.

_\_ ),fay freshet hacl S\\ollen Llle ri,rer until the

\Yater below the clan1 at the factory ,,as almost on

a levcl \\ith that above and all Lhc hanks \\TJ-c

uvcd1cnvccl. 11ryan \\ho \\as a sttong s\\innncr

wagered a bet that he could s\Yi.m across Lhc rlvfT

and in spite of the entreaties of l1i-" f;:icncls n1ade

the atten1pt. Half ,,-ay across he \\as "''cpt "!.111cler by the boiling current and rb-(J\\tw(L ! :is

165
bod: \Yas found al-tet- the \Yater .-;nb.;ided :...ang-ht bet\vecn the rocks below- the dam.
The ~L\thens Steam C01npany, later kilO'.'.n as the ..::\.thens Foundry after 111any di..; ..~oura:;;;emcnt_s, llad gotten \\ellup011 itc.; feel \Yllcn it \Yas destroyed by fire in ik,=iJ. .\gain an agitation ahout a fire cngine ensued \Yh ich calmed do\\"11 until \\ithcrspoon"s planing tnill bnrned \Yith a large lot of Inaterjal. This bro11ght the fire engine subject to a focus, and the ''Inciependencc. '' a secondhand machine, was bought in .\ugnsta, \Yhich scryed fot- tnan: years under the nan1e "Relief." and \\as itself burned inrty ytars later. \\hile qnielly t-eposing in a \\noclcn sl1cd.
\Yl1en "Relief" \\as bought".\ Citizen'" opposed its introduction. on the gnmncl that sornebocly wonld scl llt-e to a house ju:-~ to sec it "\VOrk. Sure enough. soon after. Dr. Carlton"s stable \YaS burnt.'d at 1llidc1a;--nol)oc1y kne\Y ho\Y-while the: cotnpany "\Y<ts out on paradt.'..
h1 1 ~57 !!ope" ~,,as brnug-ht nut and under Cctptaiu i\.cuben :\"lckerson S<l"\Y its flrst service at t!Jc burning- of .\thcns Factory and did gc~od \\"urk i11 saving .<ldjoining lwuscs.
Captai11 Sickcrson was an enthusiastic fireman. 1ll: .so distinguished himself at the \Yitherspoon fire tbat t~1c citizens pn'sentccl him \"\ith a siJyer plate.
"'Pio11eer" Hook and Ladder Con1pany \\"as or-

166
ganizcd a little later and rose to fa1ne under Captain Ifcnry Bensse.
The Presbyterians and Baptists had for a long tin1e been worshiping in their old churches on the Ccn11pus-the first on the site of the Acaden1ic building, the other on the corner of Broad and Lun1pkin streets.
The new P1esbyterian Church was built in r8ss. by Ross Crane at a cost of $ro,ooo, and the Baptist church by Mr. Carlton in 1860. The negroes were pcrn1itted to hold tlwir services in the old churches. \Vhen the 1'rustees of the College ordered their ren10val, the Baptist Church was destroyed by fire, it was believed, by son1e enraged colored brother who while believing in plenty of water dici not underate the efficacy of fire.
In 1837, upon the application of Rev. John ]. FIunt, the Trustees granted the use of a lot for the erection of the Episcopal Church upon the san1e tenns as in the case of the Presbyterian and Baptist. The church was not built until son1e years later, and was consecrated by Bishop Elliott i1: 1843. Prior io this Prof. \.Villian1 Bacon Stevens~afterwards Bishop Stevens-was orordained a deacon and preached in the old Town I--1a11. He served the church as rector and was followed by l\11 r. Linebaugh and Dr. I-Ienderson.
There are enough citizens of Athens who recall the old church as it stood on the corner of Clayton

r

167

I

and Lun1pkin Streets before it was taken down and rel)l1ili in the rear of ihe ne'v Enu11anuel Church.

I

Dr. Iv[atthew H. Henderson, for ma1~y years rccidr of the Episcopal Church was a quiet, gentle rnan, cnlinred and refined. I-Te 1narried

I,,

?\1iss Ada Screven of Savannah \vho was a devoted wife io hin1 throug-h life. He bought fron1 Dr. Linton the square where the Henderson warehouse stands, \vhich by the way \vas called so be-

cause he once o\vned the lot. The house in

\vhich be lived \vas n1oved to the corner au d

forn1s the body of the V\Tindsor Hotel.

Dr. I--Ienclcrson did not n1ake rnany friends out-

side his own flock because vith his retiring dis-

position, nul nlaH)' outside knew hint. He died in

1872 and is buried in Oconee Cetnetery.

The old cen1eiery on Jackson Street having

been nearly filled by the burials of forty years, a

tract of woodland lying on the Oconee was pur-

chased by s01ne citizens, and a new cemetery was

incorporated and narned fron1 the river, OconeC'

Cen1eiery. It was open_~t;Li_n 1855, the expenses

of 1naking the ddves and the grading being paid

by the sale of lois.

This is one of the n1.osi beantiful of spots,

adorned by nature with forest trees, with vines

covering hillsides, clinging to rocks and

clin1bing the son1.bre pines, while at the foot of

the hills the Oconee murmurs between banks

168
redolent \Vith honeysuckle and jessatnine. And now that too is crov;cled \\rith the narrow honl('S of the dead and more acres have been purchasei across the river for those \vhose threads of life I-Iecate is vvaiting to cut.
In years g:one by public anntsetnent consisted n1ainly of traveling singers, \vith an occasional prestichgitateur and ventriloquist. Dut the ci1cus was the standard sho\v of the day. Sturlents were not permitted. to go to a circus, but they 111anaged to get there, disguising then1selves, and blacking their faces and sitting among the ne~ groes to escape detection. Aln1ost everybody else \Vent, and John and Ji1nn1ie Robinson were regarded as personal friends.
The old Town I-Iall \Vas for 1nany a year, and until after the war, the only theatre. A platfonn, 10 x ! 5, elevated the actors above the audience, while the calico curtain hung across a corner of the hall afforded an opportunity to 1nake up their costmnes, and another in front of the platform hid the glories of the stage from the expectant congregation, Oil lamps sn1oked the sides of the roon1, and a row of candles did duty as footlights.
Here concerts and tableaux were held, and Signor Blitz and old Slornan and I-Cemmerer with his singing school, and in later days, John Ten1pleton, and Alice Vane and Harry McCarthy, and l-Iarry Crisp, the father of the son1e tin1e

I

169
Speaker of the House, p!ayed to delighted and non-critical audiences. And though looking back, those prirnitive entertainrnents seem absurd and ridiculous, they afforded as much genuine pleasure as the plays of Booth or the Italian Opera-with the advantage of being very n1udi cheaper.

CHAPTER XVIII.

'I'he College Con1n1cnccn1ent was for n1any years the occasion of the annual gathering of the prornincnt men of the State. It was a leisure tin1c and sununcr resorts were few in nurnbcr, traveling \.Vas tedious and expensive, and this was the occasion and the place which attracted the young and old, the grave and gay. Here the politicians n1ct and n1ade up the slates and arranged the details of their carnpaigns. The citizens threw open their hospitable doors for the entertaitunent of all their friends and acquaintances vVith their children and servants and horses. l\!fany fan1ilies frorn the low country spent the summ_er in Athens, and excursions to Tallulah Falls and a few \Veeks at the :JVIadison Springs, was the usual sequence.
~omn1enccn1ent clay in old tirnes was a day of days. A little after sun up, the country people began corning in, with wotnen and babies and baskets, and all the hitching posts and vacant lots were appropriated for horses and wagons. When

170
the lntncl began to play, S\\"arn1s of people crowd- ed the Campns. The Chapel, long since filled, now becan1e packed fron1 aisle to gallery. Standing in windo-ws, on the steps of the stage, on boxes c>ut.sjdC', they took up every inch of space. Broad Street fronr the hotel dovn1. \\-a.c; a solid mass of human beings. It \vas the annual holiday o the negroes. and every clarkey frorn. ten tniles away came to town that day. ..c'-\round the old Tu\n1 Spring. hooths >Yere erected and tables spread. \iVatern1clon, chicken pies. ginger cakes, fl"icd chicken and len10nade tempted the hungr_\ Yisitot to 5pet1cl his quarter. Industrious n1e1chants cried and sang their ,,ares, and acquaintance: and kindred renewed their pledges and invit~Ltiions to "'con1c and sec 111e.'" The Yaricty of cnstmnes 1yas a tnarvel to beholcl-Inltslins and n::lveis. laces and homespun in every sty1e o fash~ ion fro1n the days o the _Revolution up. It \\as a gTeat clay. full of life and color, sunshine and dust.
Tt was at such a tin1e that the stoty of Robert Toombs which has swnng touncl the circle of the papers uf 1atc years, represents hin1 expelled frmn college for ga1nbllng-, standing hcneath the old (Jak in front of the college chapel, pouring forth such bun1ing \-vords of eloquence that the chapel is deserted and the speakers left to cleclain1 to en1pty benches. Ancl fron1 this circtunstj"nce, ih e old tree has ever since been known as the

r
171
Toon1bs Oak." It has even been saicl that on the day of 3/fr. 'l'oon1hs' death. the 'old oak wa~-:. sruck b~- lightning .mel clcstro:ccl. There is not ihc setnblance of tn1tl1 in the story. Tt \vas a frdxication of "fJcnry \\r. Ct-acly, who, in an adlniring- ~:ketch of the gTcat l;eorgian. wrutc charmingly of his ovcrwhehning eloquence and pninicd it \Yith a story dra-wn h01n his oyvn \ivid imaginat\(lt1 .
. \uothcr annual fcsti\al \\ hich not n1any 110\Y recall 'Xa:-> the "hog killing-" on the plantation. l lo\\ ,-j,id the scene seems after nearly fift_,. years. 'T'hc n1orning is crisp ancl frosty. The prep<"-trations for the slaug-hter have been 1nade, the big f11c of logs sends the sparks ending high in air. ,,hilc ilw n,cks grow tcd hr11 thai are to heat the \\ater in the hog.-.hcad. 'nv:.~ neg-ro w01nen arc ~tl"C ~tanding at the tables ready to separate the leaf fat and the liYers. _\ sharp crack of a rifle is heard in the hog pen. ~\ hig hog drops and a fhrkcy deftly thrusts a sharp knife into its throat, gn-cs it a l\\"ist and out spirts the cri1nson blood. -\ few lllinntes n1o;e and hra\\ ne:-. black anns lift tile linip pmkcr. thrust him into the hf1g-shead of b~1iling \\atcr and out again in a jiffey. The hair i,, quickly scraped rJff.thc g-rarnbrcl is slipped be~ neath the tcnclrons. the porker is hung upon a pole and cliscmbrJwellecL Everybod:r is busy and the children revel in tid bits broiled over the hot fire on the end of a switch and scantily salted. The

(

\

172

\
I,

next clay the busy 1nisircss superintends

the cuiilng np of the meat with her willing at-

I

tendants frying out the lard, salting clown the hams and grinding up the sausage rneat. It is ;:1 festal season. The pigtails and the sparerib~ and big h01niny and the crackling bread! Food for ihc gods~ _\h those times arc forever gone!

\ nd \Yhcrc \\ill you sec the big log- fixes with

the hot bed of coals beneath. or the bank of ashes \'."]Jere the S\\ect potatoes lay roasting? \Vher'~"' ic; the oven. heaped around with coals wherein slcndy bakes the Christtnas fruit cake? .And ihc spit i1npaling- the \Yell lxownecl turkey? And the cr~;_ne on \\llich hangs the pot of savory n1eat? Cnne ~ .\ ll releg-ated to the 11111scun1 along- with the- chain armor of the middle ages. . \ncl where
;:u-e ihe old time neg-roes? Gone. ali gone: r \\"ell
rcmendx~1- old L-nclc -:\like. the patriarch and f(J:-eman of the plantation. ");o hired overseer ga\e him orders. To his tnastcr alunc \\"aS he a11swerable. \Yith his ,,llitc wooley head and benign black face. the asperity of his dignity snficned hy the courtliness of his rnannerJ he \\cmlcl call up the hands ,,!th his cheerful "cmn"2 bcys ~-, and leacl then1 to the cotton field.

~\nd thc1-e was Big Dart of stalwart frarnc who cculcl cut a wider swathe than any of then1 as he swung the cradle in the \\~heat field. Ancl I ,ittle DufC, how the chips dicl fly from his axe as he downed'' the tall hickory in the \-YOods. i\.nd old

173
~quit-e who had many a talc" to tell as he mended the plantation shoes or \YOVC the cotton ba ~kcts of the sn1ooth \Yhitc oak splits. ~ \nd old 1\unt _\ialinda ,-,ith a bandanna neatly tied around ber head and a kerchief pinned acro~.s her an1plc bosom. \Vhat visions of hoc cake and hroile<l n1cat .:-end butter n1ilk. fresh from the churn used tq ;..!Teet us as we can1c into her kitchen fron1 a 1ongtral1lp.. \nd one lcggcd Dill, who cut the wood for tlie house fires and n1bhecl the kni'i'CS and clcanctl tl1e boots. and the little niggers \\ ho picked the
blackberries and climbed the trees for reel J nne
aJ'plcs. 01- gatheJ-ed the brown hickory nub, a.nd the black cyccl chinqncpir:..
They and their like are gone. ;(o 1nore courtCOltS l~ncle ).I ikcs; no mOt-e . \unt ::\ [alindas, no bandanna ket-chiefs, no hoc cake and fresh butter f"nilk. In their place a spectacled c0111bination of the pulpit and the schoolro01n. The old place once ~o full of life is ahnost deserted. A. ncgTo renter is its only tenant. The big hickory is dead, the apple orchard has vanished, the gin house is gone: the old quartep; have rotted down ancl a n1ulberry thicket in charity hides the ruins. ~raster and mistress arc cleacl. The faithful negTocs arc but n1c1norics of the past.

174
~\ remarkable family o negroes had for iheir ancestors Dartlcit Daricott and his wife Sally, \-Vho belonged to Rev. l-Iope 1-Iull. Both they and their nine children were persons of integity and strength of character and justly deserved the estcern in which they "\Verc held by all their white acqnaintanccs. ~iany o their descendants are living in .'\thcns. Of ihc older gene1ation Billy and Davy 1-Iull were well known carpenters. The fon11cr was for years the college carpenter. Dr. Church stopped at his bench once and watching hin1 push his plane said "Billy, what makes you -.,,ork so slo-.,dy ?'' Stopping to spit on his hanJs - a habit he always had before speaking~C111y replied "~Iass Chut-ch, I am not working by the job. nor by the day; bnt by 1ny life." The doctor had nothing more to say. Davy 'vas a natural wit and had a keen sense of hun1or. The students called hln1 doctor. Once a dozen of then1 passed hin1 while shingling a house near the street. and began greeting him_ "\vith "I---Iow are you, doctm,'' ''Good morning doctor,'' "I--Iow cl'ye de. doctor" in quick succession without giving hin1 tin1e to answer. Davy stood up and as soon as the laughing students would hear him, called out ''Gent_lemen, lam in statn quo.~' \iVhen \;vi11is Cooper was the town 1narshal, he met Davy one night after nine o'clock. '"\iVell, Davy," "C-ood evening ?vias \\t'illis. I hope you are wc-11 sir," said Dave. ''\Vell Davy, have you a pass?" "No.

175
:1.'r as \i\Tillis, l neglected to provide one he fore I left home, sir." u\Ve11, I am sorry, but y!)U know what J am obliged to do, Davy." "Yes, sir," said Dave "\Vhen a gentlcn1an gets caught out 1n a shower of rain without an unbrella, he's jnst gut to take it." Fortunately, to the great relief of buth of then"l, a gentlctnan catne by whn ~tooci sponsor for the de1inC]_ucnt and he \Vas allowed to go. After the slaves were freed Dr. King asked h;nl, ~'\Veil Dave,'' hat are you going to Jo now?" "\\-ell dncior, 1 been thinking about that, and 1 believe if .\las llenry \Yill gi\e 111e a hundred t~ollax.o-:. 1"111et hitn off." Poor fellow~ he did not live long enough to test the Yaluc of l1is freedom. lle died of sn1all pox that scoutgc of the colored people in ihe year after the \var. Characters like ihcsc \Yere developed nndet conditions that are fotevcr gone; nor will their like ever be known again.
Atnong some other well known negroes \\ho have a place in the history of ..i\.thens, Tmn I-Iarris \\rts prominent and nwst portly. Tic \vas CoL I-Iardeman's factotum and sexton of the J\1 etho<.iist Church, big, fat and amiable, not especially energetic hut a rnan of fine itelligencc and respected by himscl f and the white people as welL
Old San1-by birth 1.-Iarris but by frcedon1 \Vatkins-\Yas the college bell ringer. I-Ie 1nade the fires in the professors' rooms, sornetimcs

17G
S\\ept them out aud was at the beck and call of eyery student in Old and Y e\\" College.
]{ob Roy \\as General H"arden"s valet, drivet, bt,tlcr and of1ice hoy. Rob \Yas a cross eyed, c~-e..:klcd mulauo of no great beauty who lived to a great age--nobody knew how old he was. llc \\"Clited 011 John r-I 0\Yard Payne, when a guest of lHs 111aster's house and remembered hin1 \Yell, and the older he grew the 1nore things he remen1berccl a7)()ut hi111.
But for old negroes. Dennis Clayton-I think he is still aliye-takes the prize. J f Dennis reallY saw things he said he did he belongs to the palcozoic a.~e. l-:le claims however to have been only tLirteen ) cars of age when Judge Clayton bought hin~ in 1805 from a negro trader.
Bernardo Arze \\-'as a barber who claimed to be a ::\'lcxican. Perhaps he was, but he married a negro \\"Olnan belonging to Col. Billups and paid the town $5o per annnn1 for her to live awa_,. fro111 her 111aster's lot. This license was graded but all free negroes and those slaves living apart fnnn their tnasters' own sight had to pay it.
Georg-e Davis was an apprentice of 13ernanlo"s ancl a fl-ee negTo. C-eorge >.vas quite a nn1sician and went through the "var as bugler to tl1e Tnn1p ,'\rtillcry. 1-Ti.s ''Band'' after the \var \Vas in frequent dr::-m.:lncl c~nd he .._)peratecl a "Den1oc! at!r, h2tbe1 shop." until his death.
For years 'OJd Tub" \Yas the frierHl of the col-

177
lege bo) s ancl they recall I-dnl \Yith his sightless C) es and his dilapidated beaver as e>ne of the fc:..atures of collq~e life. Le--wis was a slave of John 1-L Christy and l1is business ,,-as to tnrn the crank when tl1e ._)---oufhcru fVatclunan lxent to ptess. I 1e \\as e1nancipated by special proclatnat iun of the 1)resident of the L: nitecl States-along \\ lth others--and then took up the bnsiness of blind beg-g-at. Tub was qnitc successful at this and made a fairly good Ji,ing fur tnany yems. hut died at laeot in great pcnerty-.
Cf-L\l'TER XIX.
I do not suppose any t()\\"11 or city has been lcs~ iiJclined to toad_;. is111 than .\thens. 1--ler people ncYcr bu\ved tile knee 1\) gTealness nor sacrificed ti1eir self-respect to adulation o those in power. Too 1nany g-reat inen hacl spent their boyhood b.:.rc in college and hacl gone in and out antong the people \"\ith no gTeat clailll to worship. \Ye ''ere fa111i1iar \Yith great men (or a hundred years and had our own. had played with thcn1 as boys. l~clped thcn1 out o{ scrapes. lent the1n n1oue~ \\hen "broke." saved then1 frotD arrest; and nntst ,,e stand in silent adn1-iration when they- con1e h<1ck in after years. thoug-h loaded with honots? . \. ncl as to strangers, who "\Vere any better than our own statcsn1en and soldiers whose names g-lo\v in i'!e h-istory of the contry? \Vere not the Ltmtp-

17ii
kins and Cohbs and Clayton and Doughel-ty an(i Hill our neighbors? \Vere not Craw{ord and Tr-oup and lJerrien and Jenkins otu- freqt:ent visitors? lla ve we not had Governors galore in our llmnes and,, ere not out- soldiers victors in a hnndrec1 battles? Did not Pierce and Pabner and Toombs and Stephens and Gordon play tnarbles \Yiih us in ,:.-ears gonC' by? Then io whon1 shoultl we kutow? :\s a n1aiier of fact the _'\thenian L the n1anne1 born kotows to nobody. But for g-Lnnine lHlspltcdity and courlesy to every class the old tin1e .Athenian ,,as unsurpasscJ. because he \Yas a gentleman; and because he knc''" he \Yas '' gentleman he wasn't stuck up. It is the cad \\ho z::-sumes a snpericnity to other n1en aud the sci 1c:r>nfessecl inferior \\ho rnns aftet- rncn of renovn1 .
. \thens has been called the Classic City. not from her ancient n:tmesake. but because she ha-; hccn the acknowledged -'"'C'at of learning in Cem-gia for n1any years.
She has ahvays had the a1nplest school facilitic~..; \ ftl:T the clC:"cline of the :3-J anual I ..abor School, .\Ir. ja1nes Fulton tanght a boy's school ncar the ];ishop residence on Jackson Street. 1-Ie \\"as a strict disciplinarian. and belie\'eci in a free usr: of the birch. Thece arc still among us son1e of his old pupils. who have a feeling- recollcclion o[ his attentions. ?vir. _A,__ l\{. ScuJ.cler succeeded to his patt-onage. occupying the little house near the colored Congregationalist Church before he built

179
the ''CenL:-c T-Ii11 _\caclcn1y. '' \\'here he taught a f1ourishing school for IT1any ;-ears. and \\'hipped h8lf the men in tO\Y11. Prof. \ Vi1lian1s Rutherfun1. before his appointrnent in the College faculty, taught in tlle romn yacatecl by 1\Ir. Scuc1(1Cr, ancl \Yas followed by ::\lr-. ,_thomas Seay. . \nd theJ-c \YeJe ~lr. !1a1-rett and olcl man Drive1 and ~fr. f [uni, aJl of "\VhOJll taug-ht ihe young idea with shn(Jts.
_\ select school for boys \\as opened in I 859 l)y ~!r. H. P. _\clan1s-'01<1 Rip,'' as the boy.:) used to call hi1n-in a little house on the rear of Dr. Hull's lot. -:\fr. ~\da1ns \\"as the n1.ost anliahlc of 1ncn. and though the boys took advanta~c of that fact. as the best of hoys \Yi11, he "\yas n1nch beloved by them. all. ! I c did not believe in \\hipping- as a punishment. and ilw boys unanimouslY endorsed hin1 in this position. Two fa\orite pupils of ~Ir. \clams \Yen~ _\nclrew Lan1ar ~nd l l cnry Crady. \Yho were so devoted tn ead1 other tbal they \\TTC \Yont to kiss each other g-ood bye on parting. unlil alas! they set their affections on tile sanK: g-11"1 and no longer tnok pleasure in cad1 oilh~r';..; channs.
:\ l iss Emily \ \"ithcrspoon beg-an teaching in 1g-13 and taught for 1nany years a school for clii!lLcn ncar hc1 residence. Some of our 1nost 111"0mincni citizens have learned thei1 letters at her knee. and dra\\"11 poi-hooks under her \\"atchinl eye, ad\'ancing throug-h the hhw black spcl1c1- to

180
the dizzy heights of Bullion's Latin Grmnmar. .:\1iss E111ily after pursuing the even tenor of her way, full of Christian charity, a daily blessing to nmny a poor neighbor, was honibly burned by the explosion of a lar11p and died in January 1906.
The .r'\thens Female Acaden1y was first presided over by Rev. Thornas Stanley, father of the late :Jiajor Stanley, and in 1845 by Carlyle P. Martin. Later, J\Irs. Coley took charge and n1aintained a flourishing school till the close of the war. The old house was burned in 1872. To others besides the writer does "Mrs. Coley's school" bring up nlctnories of happy days gone by.
The "Grove School" for girls was taught in what is now the Catholic Chapel, under the direction of Mr. Cobb. Mrs. E. Bishop, Mrs. William Gerdine, and Miss Galloway, a sister of Ivlrs. Alex T. Akennan were successively in charge of the school, and n1any ladies of Athens once sat under their instruction.
There was another Grove School at a later date taught by Miss Julia Moss and I happen to have an old progran11ne of one of her commencelnents. ]in1 Barrovv spake "The two squirrels." Yancey I--Iarris recited <'I can and I can't." Johnnie Moss delivered an Eulogy on Debt" and Gerald Green told of "The Geography Demon." _._~11 did well and gave prmnise of future distinction
In 1854, a con1n1unication appeared in the Southern Watchman earnestly deprecating the

181
necessity of sending Southern girls to Northern schools to be educated, and appealing to the patriotisn1 of Georgians to found a high school for Georgia girls.
This led to action which resulted in the building of the Fen~ale Fiigh School in 1857 The conununication referred to was written by Mrs. Williams Rutherford, and it was the patriotisn1 other brother, Thon1as R. R. Cobb, all ignorant oi the author that responded to the appeal. To his energy and aid '\hras due the beginning and completion of the school, and in recognition of his work the Trustees narned it, after a beloved daughter, "Lucy Cobb Institute." The exercises were first opened in January, 1859, under Principal Wright, and the May festival and concert given that year is still ren1en1bered as a n1ost brilliant occasion.
An1ong the notable characters in the history of education in Athens was Dr.,. Alonzo Church who was President of the University fro1n 1829 to 1859 and was for forty years a metnber o:f the faculty.
Dr. Church was a native of V ennont and a graduate of Middlebury College. Soon after his graduation he went to Eatonton, Georgia, to take charge of the acaden1y at that place. He there met and 1narried Miss Sarah Trippe, a lady of superior accon1plishn1ents and rare beauty. Con1ing to Athens in 1819, as professor of mathe-

182

n~atics, Dr. Church conducted his deparbnent with c1ninent success and so impressed ihe '1'rnstC'es by his fo1ce of character, that upon the re-tirement of President \Vaclcleii, he was at once nnaJJimously chosen in his place.

In person, Dr. Church was tall and well-pro-

portioned, oF clark complexion, with lustrous

b!ack eyes and hair, graceful in carriage ancl

cl!gnified in hearing. [-:Ie \Y:lS of a quick te111per

and absolutely fearkss, but had g-reat self-con-

trol. \Yell behaved students had respect and af-

I

rcction for him, hnt tl1e disorderly feared and ;.vniclcd him n1ore than any other n1etnber of the h~cnlty. He was a rigid clisciplitJarian, prompt 1' correct and rebnke the slig-htest indication of

ll

d1sordcr or inattention in his class-room; and yet

'

ir! his kindness of hea1t, he \\oulcl l1elp along an

ill-prepared stndcnt almost to the extent of re-

citing- the lesson for hiru.

It w:1s the c-uc:,t<Jm -in t'wt chy to ho1d t;'n ni;g and evening- prayus in the chapel. rh. Church

alwa_\s lead the evening service, and it \\as ex--

pcctc-d that some olher 1nen1ber of the faculty

1\onlcl conduct tllat of ille morning. One JllCl"n-

ing the stndcnts \\"ere so disonlerly thai P!ofes-

.c:or \Vo.nl went after the President. Seeing- him

,;

\\ alking across the campus. the Professo1 called

t J him. :'Oh Doctor, con1e here. \Ve can do noth-

ing \vith the studenis." Dr. Church w; 1kccl at

once into the ch2.pel and looke<l anJl.tnd wit1:out

183
speaking a word. Death-like silence ensued. 'faking up the Bible, he read a chapter, offered a prayer ancl vvithout another word cJisn1issed the students, who quietly 111ade their exit. i\s an exatnple of the discipline President Church exerclsed, may be n1entioned the expulsion of eleven students in a bunch for riotous conduct on the c<.:mpus one night. One of the condenme(l '"''as Howell Cobb, who was reinstated npon the solen111 declaration of his 1nother that she had trade hirn retire and had afterwards se.:o:'l bin1 asleep in bed on the very night of the riot. ()thcrs '-:ho claimed to bave seen hitn on the cvmpus, w-ithout disputing .:\Irs. Cobb's statement, suggested thai he n1ight have dressed ancJ slipped out of the window~ after his r:nother's visit to his roon1.
Dr. Church's fatnily \vere ren1arkable for their personal beauty. l-Ie and I'vfrs. q.hurch yvere a singularly handson1e couple; his sons were aU handsmne nlCn and the daughters were the toasts of every student of their tin1e. Especially beautiful 'vere l\liss Julia and ).fiss Lizzie, afterward-; ::\Irs. Croon1 and l\Irs. Craig, and there no doubt lingers yet in the 1nen1ory of son1e old studeut of the forties, delightful recollections of evenings passed in their parlors. To the unretnitiinr.:; u<tnit_,irations of l\frs. Craig, then ).1rs. Robbe, rnan} a sick and wounded Confederate prisoner during

f
184
the war, owed such cheer and comfort as she was permitted to extend them.
Dr. Church, with his masterful character, had long dominated both faculty and trustees. He had views on the proper conduct of a college, which amounted to convictions. The officer who could not or would not con1e up to his standard, or who could not accept his views, was in his opinion not the officer the college needed. Complaints were made, without tnincing matters, of it,con1petency or of neglect of duty.
In 1856, the President addressed the Trustees in no uncertain tone. Said he, <<The nutnber of students present at this tin1e is seventy-nine, andI atn constrained to say that even with this small number, the discipline of the institution is far worse than I have evc:r known it during the thirty-seven years of n1y connection with it."
The1'1 he proceeds to state what he considers the cause of the decline. 1-Ie referred to the want of hannony in the faculty during the past few years, the differences of opinion as to the government and course of instruction; the refusal of Professor Jones to con1pJy with the conditions upon "\vhich he was elected; the changes in the course of study n1ade by Mr. McCay and Dr. LeConte against his protest; the inattention of Professor 1\1cCay to his duties; the refusal of the LeContes to visit the rooms of the students

185
or to suppress disorder on the can~pus; the refusal of Professor Venable to perform the same duties; the inability of Professor Waddell to maintain order or to control his classes; the want oj professional qualifications in Professor Broun. lle appealed to the comn1ttnity, the resident Trustees and the citizens of the State to witness
whether any other object tl{~n. the prosperty of
the college had engrossed his attention since his first connection with its faculty.
The effect of this communication was an itnmediate resolution that all the tnembers of the facuty be requested to furnish the Board with their respective resignations forthwith, with a vieVl of the reorganization of said faculty. The request was complied with, \vith apparent cheerfulness.
Dr. Church did not much longer re1nain in office. His final resignation took effect January I, 1859, when he retired with a widowed daughter, the only one of his family left in Athens, to a: residence a little out of town. There in peace and in quietude, but vvith failing health, he lived until during the following year, the su1nmons of the IVfaster ca:me.
Two noted ladies were J\1rs. John LeConte and ::VI:rs. Craig, both won~en of extraordinary beauty and the reigning bells of Athens society. They gathered around them each a coterie of adtnirers who vied with each other in devotion

1~6
to their queen. The rivalry between the two can1e near splitting the town into factions. Not only n1en but won1en took sides on the n1on1entous question. "\iVhich is the n1ore beautiful" and only the conservative, elderly eletnent prevented another ,,ar of the Roses. Indeed seldom does a little town have one such \vonlan of such surpassing attractions of person and tllanner as Athens claimed in these two ladies.
CHAPTER XX.
Of all the College Professors there was none more positive iu character than Charles F. NicCay. I\T r. l\IcCay '"as elected Professor of nmth1natics to succeed Dr. I-I ull. lie married a daughter of Tvf r. \i\/illian1 \Villi ants soon after cc:::n1ing to ~'\thens. I-Te \Vas a fine scholar and an exacting teacher. I-Te "\vas sure to find out all the student didn't know abont the lesson. F-Ie sce1ned to take genuine delight in "busting" a boy and showed no sytnpathy fot hirn when he was clo,vn. \Vithal he \vas a conscientious professor, a strict disciplinarian and a fearless police officer. Xaturally, he \Vas unpop11lar "vith the students, and n1any v,:ere the attacks upon his door and the rocks that vent through his windows on dark nights, "\vhen he rootned in New College. On several occasions he was virlently assaulted by riotous students. In 1841 ..

187

l

t>

tl1e1-e was con1n1itted one of tl1ose senseless

I

c~utrages that students are sornctin1es led into

i

without considering its crin1inality or its possible

I

results. -:.\Lr. ~IcCay was at the ti1ne Professor

oF civil engineering. J )uring his absence one

night. his room was fon;.ibly entered. his books.

bedding and clothing taken out and burned back

01. .:'(cw College. Thc1c were nnrncrous witnes-

ses to the burning. bllt tfl~<'re was son1c difficulty

in finding out wbo were the guilty pa1ties. The:

students arraigned before the faculty all adn1.ittccl

bc::ing there, but declared they were trying to put

out the fire and save the clothes. !vir. 1\1cCay

stTongly suspected several boys. one of thcn1.

young l\1 r. I)caring. who, it was afterwards

shown was innocent, and accused thern before

the Faculty. This accusation led to a difficulty
and a challenge from Dr. \iVillian1 E.. Dearing,

an older brnthct o:f the accused. :;\;[r. fdcCay

prornptly accepted the challenge and a n1ceting

r

was arranged to take place at the old cetnetery

I

just back o:f the can1pus. 1\n atnicab1e settle-

I

ment was tnacle before shots were exchanged, l1t1t Profcss(w l\[cCay at once sent in his n~signa

lion to the Prnclential Con11nittee. 1-le was rc-

(JUested to continne in his chair t1ntil the rnecting

uf the Board. The tnaiter l1aving been brought

up, a long, spirited discussion ensued, v.:hich re-

sulted in the Professor being pcnnitted, by a

close vote, to withdra\v his resignation.

188
One night a student provided himself with a "locust" made of a match-box v.rith parchment stretched over the end, through which a horse hair was passed. This interesting toy, when twirled around, made a loud, rasping noise like the insect front which it took its name. Quietly climbing into the trap hole in the passage by Mr. ~1cCay's door, he made his locust sing. As he expected, Mr. McCay at once came out into the passage, looked up and down, but seeing no one went back. The locust began singing again and imntediate1y the Professor enterged. Silnultanec.usly the noise ceased. Baffled again, Mr. McCay returned and stood behind his door. At the repetition of the noise, he suddenly threw open the door and the noise suddenly ceased. Then he pulled off his shoes and slipped up to the end of the hall, shutting his door rather noisily to deceive the aggressor. But as the mischievous boy was looking at him all the time, the n1atchbox was sile:Lit. Then the professor went back to his roon1 and the noise was repeated. Finally, he located the disturber of his peace and deliberately brought his table, Iarnp, and chair and took his seat outside the door, determintd to catch the offender if it took a11 night. It did not take so long, for the discmnfort of his situatior~ and the certain prospect of spending the night in the attic, brought about an unconditional surrender of the "locust," which was followed the

189
next day by the usual summons before the faculty. After Mr. McCay left the University, he be-
came professor at Columbia, and subsequently, was n1acle President of South Carolina College Re1noving later to Augusta, Georgia, he engaged in banking and insurance business and acquired a handson1e property. After the close of the war, he went to Baltimore, where he spent the ren1ainder of his days.
In 1879 Mr. McCay proved his lasting interest in the University with which he was so long connected by executing to the Trustees a deed of gift to seven thousand dollars in bonds upon the following trusts and limitations, to"\vit: That the interest on this fund shall bt collected and reinvested so that it shall be cmnpounded annually until the expiration of twenty-one years after the death of the last sur~ vivor of twenty-five persons, all of whom are named and the youngest of who1n was an inlant at the time. ''And after the lapse of the said time, the said trustees shall continue to keep the aggregate sum so accun~ulated on the bonds and stocks before .n1entioncd, as a pcrn~anent fund, and shall use the interest or dividends therefrom for the payment of the ::;alarics oi professors or lecturers in the University of Geofgia, residing in Athens, Ga., where the University ls 1Gcat.ed."
So1ne years later, by n~utual consent, the bonds delivered to the trustees were exchanged by Mr.

190
~I cCay for State of Georgia bonds of the face value of $rs.ooo. The fund now atnounts to about $35,000.
It has been cstin1ated that about one hundred years will havc expired before the interest of this fund can be available under the trust. In that tin1c, if no disaster befall, the fund will have an1ountccl to several niillions, and the University will have a large inc01nc frotu that source vvi:th \Yhich to pay the salaries of its professors.
.:\Tore than passing not-ice is due to sornc of the Professors whc severed their connection with the L~nivetsity in the upheaval of r8s6.
The LeContes were native Georgians, hoth alun1ni and honor 111en o the Cnivcrsity. Their ci;fficulties here \\'ere by no rncans due to incapacity or lack of effective teaching. Both 111en '")f piety and pure lives, lovable in their characters. devoted to scientific research. they had the active talent which has put them in the front rank of .\n1erica's sa'Z.:ants. They, with Professors Bronn and \renable, represented the advanced thought of the clay. They believed the University should be at least a high-grade college, and that university n~ethods should be introduced at Athens. Dr. Church, consenrative and wise, opposed radical changes being 1nacle and declared that the university syst.enr was unsuited to the age at \\hich students attended this college. The young p1 ofessors espoused the geological doctt-ine of

191
the creation of the wodd. Dr. Church abhorrecl i~ as the rankest heresy. The one party \\"ere d:sposccl to relax the exactions of police duty on the can1pns and to put n1ore responsibility for good conduct on tl1e boys then1sclves. Dr. Cl1t1rch n:ganled strict discipline as the foundation stone oc the college edifice.
\ Vith such cliYergent yie\YS, a rupture \\"as in(.'VitaLlc, and the noard. tlle1nseh:es consenyatiYe almost to ''old fogyism,'' sustained the 1>resideut when the issue \\"as 111ade.
The LeContes went to Colmnbia. S. C .. a1Hl afte1 the war. to the CniYersity of Californi<L Luilding an cn\iablc reputation ;ts teachers and scientists. Dr. John LcCnntc died a few years ago the president ol- that l"nivcrsity. Dr. Joseph LeConte succeeded his brother a11cl 1emaincd t1cl"e full of honors until his death in l:JO--J..
l)rofcssor \"enable's connection \Yith the 1..::-ni\ersit: \Yas too brief to make 1nuch of her llisb. 'ry. ! I c \Yas k1H)\\n chning the ,,-ar as \cljutant to the great cmnmaucleL Gen. Rohe1t .E
r.ec. and for 1nany years since was Professor of
n~athcmatics at the LTui\'eisity of \"irginia an{l Chairman of its Faculty.
\Villia1n LcEoy nroun was one of the ahlesr n1en who had evc1 been connected with ihe 1:ni~ \crsity. l-T e was not onl:y a close student and exact in his store of kno\vledg-e, but a broacln":indccl, liberal n1an. He conscientiously en--

192
cleavo1cd to enlarge the sphere of the University and increase its capacity for usefulness. It was the divergence of their views, though both airned at the san1e result, that b1ought on the separation betwen hin1 and Dr. Church in 1856.
After an enviable record in the anny Col Broun returned to ..:'\.thcns in 1866 to take the chair of physics, and in 1873 was n1ade President of the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic J\_rts. ln the exercise of this ofce Dr. Broun desired to extend the work of that branch of the University, and required all the land-scrip fund tu accon1plish it. I--Ie disapproved of the policy the 'Trustees had adopted of scattering that fund an1ong the branch colleges, and in a public address unfortunately charged thC1n with misappropriating it. Though he did not intend the remad<: in an offensive sense, it did give great offense, and at the ensuing n1eeting of the Board their disapprobation of his course was expressed in the strongest tenus. Professor Broun, conceiving his opportunity for usefulness to be at an end, resigned.
"Little Bruin," as the boys called hin1, was a v.Tell-knovvn figure at Athens. Short of statue, with an hnrnense head and large, projecting fol-ehead, his personnel \Vas peculiarly his own_
i\ fter leaving Athens, Colonel Broun went to \landerbilt and was subsequently chosen President of the A. and M. College at Auburn, Ala-

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ban1a, which office he adtninistcred with n1arkcd

;

ability until hls death.

In 1848 'William T. Brantly was elected Pro-

ft~ssor of bcllcs-lcttres and oratory in the Univer-

sity of Georgia, and here he spent the happiest years o his life. _A_ charn1ing wife and lovely

children, an1ple m.cans and a congenial occupation com_bincd to rnakc his days full of pleasure, while

he enjoyed the society of the best people and the

tnost cultured intellects in the State.

Dr. Brantly was hin1self an ornan1ent to any society. I-landson1e and cultured, courtly in 1nanner, a brilliant talker, an eloquent speaker,

he was a wclcon1e guest at every gathering. \Vhilc a professor at Athens he also served the

Baptist church as pastor. His serrnons were ele-

gant, yet easy of con1prehension, and the students,

as well as the poor and unlearned, flocked to hear

lus discourses. A polished and graceful orator, he inspired his pupils with his own love of elo-

quence and son1e of the 1nost attractive speakers of our State learned their tones and gestures

fr0111 this n1aster of oratory.

Eight happy years, full of valuable service to the University, were spent at ~A.._thens when the

connection was severed by the trustees asking the resignation of the entire faculty. Although Dr.

Brantly vvas re-elected to his chair-perhaps, un-

animously-the sense of the slight tenure of office under such methods was a potent factor in de-

194
ciding hin1 to accept a call to Philadelphia. Serv ing the church there until aftet the battle of ::\1anassas, in 1 8CJT, he tesignecl his ch;:uge and cast l11s lot \Yith his own people in "\tlanta.
The first ::\1 rs. Brantly, a daughter of Dr. Turpin. of Augusta, died in r8(i6. ..:\ chariTting \\'Otllan she \Yas, whose beauty and attractions, with all the hril L:ncy oft ;:e f:1 t her, \\TH. inherited by a lovely clanghter, :;\"[iss l_.ou, the S\veet-heart of half the students of the time.
In T87I UL nrantly lllOVed to I~altinwre where he .-.crYcc1 the chun-h for cle\"en years. ()u the 111ght of ::\1 arch 5th, L882 having preached as us~ al during-- the clay he laid clo\Yn to rest ~uvl 1lC\"Cl- \YOke again 011 cart11.
CfL\PTER XXL
( )ne of the most channing meu the L~ni\-etsit) ever hron.L?,ht to . \theus ,,-as Richanl ~1 alcolln J(_lhnston wlHl though a citizen for but a few years made so many [riencls and so in1pressecl himself npon the social life of the city that it seems he tnnst have li"'ed here :1..11 his life.
Richard :-,1. Johnston \\"as horn at Po\vellton, (;a. . \ lav\yer by profession au(l a student by taste, he brought to the chair to \Vhich he was eleclcd plenty of common sense and a thorough kuo,,-Iedge of boys. Full of hmnor_, genial and kind, he attracted a student at flrst sight. Quick

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195

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lc> detect a Jcccption, he clicl not hcstiiate to visit his scorn upon the deceiver; and, if by chance, he did any injustice to a student, he was quick

io offer hin1 the apologjr due a gcntlcn1an in the

presence of the class. He endeavored to cultivate in the :young n1en under hin1 an innate love for truth ;:ttld honor for their own sake. Col. hlhnston was a favo1itc with all-young and old, stndcnts, faculty ancl citizens. I Te and 1\!(rs.

Johnston. hoih accuntpishccl musicians, were

always in clcrnand at e-very social gathering, and there -.,vas universal tcgrct when they left Athens to open a ho_ys' school ncar Sparta. Subsequently removing to !1altin1orc. Col. Jol1nston conduct-

eel a most Jlourishing school at \Vaverly. In later years he cle\roted hitnscl [ to writing character sketches of Georg1a follcs, ancl all his "ontpnt" \Yas readily in detnand [or the tnagazines.

Though advanced in years, his heart kept young and his n1e1nory green. The news of his death was receiYed ..:-\orih and South with sorrow and regret.

A fine old gentletnan was CoL John Billups. He ,-.,.as born a fe,v n1.iles below J\thens in the house ,-.,.here old John .:\lilledge's cotntnittee 111et

to locate the Lniversity.

Col. l~illups was a typical planter of the old

regime. He owned a large and fertile plantation and n1an_y negToes, n1ade lots of tnoney, spent

what he wanted aru...l saved ."Otlle. I Ie built a

196

fine old h01ue where .:\lrs. Russ Crane nu\-v lives and which vvas deshoyed by fire after his death. l-Ie lived in afiluence; his buys had horses and negroes, his daughters all they desired. 'rhe Colonel was a 1nau of influence in the con1munity. T--!e \Vas an ardent \Vhig and \vas at different tin1es in the Lcg-islat11re, Speaker of the J-Iouse and P1esi dent of the Senate. I-le was or ) ears a Trustee ul the 'L~niversity and was prolllincnt iu every public nlovcnlent. I recall hin1 a-.; an ulcl genilen1an of gTeat dignity and ext1e1ne courtesy; clean shaven, ''ell dressed, nearing a standing collar and high stock ,walking with a cane which struck the ground with an "I said it and I 1nean it" air. Col. Billups was of the kind of 111en who n1ade the ()ld South the glory o ,-\merica.

Georgia has had no 11101e distinguished citizens

than the hrothe1s, \Vilson and Joseph fl. Lnrnp-

k111. l)()ih natives u Ogletlwrpe c_;ounty. Th.;

une the eldest, the other the youngest of eight

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children, and as (lissitnilar as brothers could be.

One a shrewd politician, the other abh01ring poli-

tics; one cmninanding by his ability, the other

persuading hy his eloquence; one robust in his

aggressiveness, the other fond of study; one a

naptist, the other a Presbyterian; one an adherent

of Clarke. the other o[ Troup; one a Den1ocrat,

the other a \i\Thig; one tall, the other short in

197
st_afl11T. h-!.11 1)()i11 111cn ('f ;.,iriki;lg pn:.:~en-.:c. <tnd both of gTeat ability.
\Vilson L,11111pkin \Vas Congrcssm.an, Cnitccl States Senato1 and Governor of Georgia. During his achninistratlon the State l~oaJ was built and he devoted his energies to the tDaterial cleve1opn1C1lt of the State.
Governor Lwnpkin \-vas long the President of the Uoard o Trustees of the University. As he headed the procession to the chapel on cotnmenceJncni occasions vvith a tall~ conunancling presence, erect and dignified, \-vith long hair brnshecl back frmn bis head and falling over his shoulders in gray curls he seen1cd one of the nwst impressive rnen I hacl ever seen. 1-Ie \vas tl11icc maxriecl, and built the old stone house now in the cmnpns extension, in which he livecl for rnany years, and where he died in the closing days of 1870. One o his children, a very bright and attractive boy of six or seven years, wan- dereU one aflernoon away frotn the house and lost his way in the wooJs along the river. Though search was n1aJe all night he 'vas not found till next 1norning, exhausted with wandering and wild 1vith terror. The horrors of the darkness of that night destroyed his tnind, and though he grew i.o be a 1nan of fine proportions and pleasing countenance, 1nentally he was never any older than the n1orning he was found, and forty years aftenvarJ, as though he recalled that dreadful

l'JK night, he \\andered again into Lhe "\YOods and wa-; dn.)\Yned in the ri\er not far hon1 the plac: \\hcte tlle_,. found him before.
Judge r.,umpkln was a karned jurisi and ~'. .1-lnished scholar. l-J e loved ;;indy, and was a grcai readc1. 1 Tis speeches, of which no record now 1emains, wCJe full of pathos and tlle fitc of eloquence. and his decisions while on the Sn p1-c1ne bench ~ue 111odels of clearness and elegant composition. \ natural ieacher, fo1 many years he imp;:utcd insin1ction to t.he young men in his rdTice and in the L-umpkin l,a>.v School, cllcunling then1 alike hy the elegance of his language and the thoroughness of his knowledge. I-T e wa.s a gTeat temperance advocate. ancl his voice, al-

199
t\ays heard on the ::;ide of rig:hteou;.;ncss, \\as :1 po\Yer for good.
Judge Lumpkin \Ya:::; the hrsl Chief .Justice ot Georg-ia. Chief JusLice !Hucklcy said of hi111: ''Jiis liLerary po-iYer was in vocal utterance. fn the spoken \Yonl.s he \YClS a liten1ry genius, fax surpassing any uLher Georg-ian living m dead, l have c\er kncnnL Inclcccl, fnnn no oiher n1ortal lips ha\-c J l1eard such hannonies and swectsoundinp,- seutences a;.; can1e fn)ln his. rl'hose who ne\er s;lw and hearcl hitn cannot be nmdc
t:J realize \\hat a g-reat 1naster he iYas.'' J uclge
J . umpkin clie(l June 4. 18Cl;, Jrmn a stroke o[ paralysis .
. \ltlwugll the pet-s()ns of tYhmn L an1 110\V writing 11\ed after the -,yar, they belong tnote properly tc the antc-belh11n pctiod, when they were in the tnericlian of their powers and at the !1eight of ilteiJ influence in the con1munit_,..
One oi the mo:::;t (listinguished of out citizens was Dr. H..id1ard D . .:\ [oorc. , \ nati\c _\thcnian. his entire life was ::;pent atncmg- his O\\n pcopk. >Yho esteemed him in his boyhood and honored him in his n1ature age_ ()n every question of pulllic interest his voice \\as heard, lcarlessl; clcchuing his position and actively \vorking for the public good, and to his energy and influence the (_~niversity_. of \Vhich he was long- an active Trustee, O\\TS the gifL of -:\Ioore College by tho::. city. Dnt it \\as in the sick roo111 that Dr. ::\ioore's

200
genius shone forth. I-Tis IDanncr was so cheerful, his eye so brighi_. his stDilc so assuring, that Jus entry into the roon1 was a tonic to his patient, and a visit fron1 such a physician was better than 1nedicine. He l1ad the gift of dcsccrning, ah11ost at a glance, what was the matter with his patients. 1'o illustrate th-is faculty, Governor Cobb n.-;ecl to tell a stor_y of his being sntnn1oned suddenly to a 111an "\Vho had been badly hurt by an accident. Enteting the cloor he saw the sufferer lying on a bccl, ancl at once retnarkcd: "Yon have broken your collar bone." I-Ie proceeded to set the fracinre, and soon left the n1an tolerably cOJn{ortab1c. This was, of course, an exaggeration. but he rarely asked a patient how he felt, forming hi:-, own opinions fron1 his own percepiions. Dr. ). Loore 1narried first a granddaughter of Richanl Stockton, one of ihe signets of the Declaration of Independence, and afterward IVIiss McAllister, of Savannah, who snrviveU hirn thirty years. Charitable, refined and courteous, his death was felt tc be a public calan1ity, and to very 111any like the loss of a near rc1ati ve.
No sketch of Athens would be con1plete \vithout a reference to J\!Irs. Gully. For years she was the only professional beggar in the place, and this exclusive privilege she enjoyed until her death. Two ldiot sons were sent to the asylum. .0-:ancy was given in 1narriage to Stephen Shields, ::mel, relieved o the care of he1 children, she re-

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201
duced begging- to a fine art. She always asked for flour, declining ihc offer of meal, becanse corn-Dread hurt her teeth. 1Icr taste in sugar was refined, and as to sorglnun, she wouldn't hear t0 it. Her habitation was this side of the upper bridge, but there \vas no beauty in it that she should desire to stay there and she didn't.
Another character was Joscph Zcbenec, a
Frenchman, better known as "Keno." A butcher by trade, he \vas ready to take up any o!:!ter profession when :requested to do so, anLl ~ uitabl:v revvarded for the eXercise of his talents. }fe slaughtered goat, kid and dog,_ and it all becatne Jan1b in his skilful hands. --H~ -was \vont ~G take hts n1cats to the cook, saying her n1aster had oldclcd it. _,_"\.ftcl- it vvas cooked and eaten the master, of course, paid for it. "IZeno" stood greatly in a\ve of Betsy, his wife, wh0 did tFJt hesitate to whip hin1. \Vhen she thotH:;l1t he deserved it. \Vhen the wat; began he b1avccl the cannon's 1110t1th to escape Detsy's, and did valiant service as cook for General Howell Cnhh.
CHAPTER XXII.
l\o citizens of _Athens were ever n1orc identified with her interests that the broe:~ers !\sbHry and :Henry Ilu1l. C01ning to the town with their father, the Rev. 1-Iope 1-In11, in iLs lnfanc_;r, the) hved he1e all their lives, one dying c-lt sixty-eight,

2U2

tile other

Asbury Hull was a

J:L\'_\-Cl- iJ_\
t,; t]Jc ;tclmilli:--:tration i )i_'-=:nificd. calm and impartial. he \\ a; .alkd t.; 1':-,_:-iclc at all publi'-- 11K'Ctil1!2.-~ oi' thr: da~,-- an-1 ."'crved 1n the Legi.".Jatnre, botll a:~ Spe:t.kce o the l [onse ancl President oi the Senat:.:.. [-lis ~me e;ity and piety inspired all classes with the Ltmost confidence in the nwn, and tlwugh ~1i.s npi "l<,n on e--ery qne.<-;tion was declared without rcscne. no ,;orcl o.f aught but re.<-;pec.t ,,as ever nLtcred by lns .<-;trongest pol-itical opponents. I-I.~ \',as a Euent speaker and especially fervent in lJl'aycr. ~\1r. J-J n11 wa~ long the Cashier of tl--:~ ;-:;tate !3cL::k here, the Presiden L o.f the Southern j\ I vtual Insurance Company and .for forty-seven years Treasurer o.f t11e LTniversity. ITis death, occurring in 1k()(), was sudclcn and painless. lie had concluded ntorning prayers with his fan1ily. A_ fc\\- ntinntes later hi." \Yl.fe went -in to call hirn to breakfast, and fonnd hin1 sitting -in ltls chair with 1li~ Bihlc in his hands, clc~d.
l)r. T-Jenry I-Iull was a practicing physician for

ten years, and in the n1eantin1e was elected a Trustee of the College. In 1829 he was elected 1-)ro.fcssor of 2\-Iatllernatics. when Dr. Church was made President, and g-ave np his profession to accept it. T-Ic occupied this chair for sixteen years, and under his instruction sotne o the n1ost prontluent men of Georgia passed into pnblic 1ie.

203
DL I-1 nll was a g-eneral fayorite \Vith faculty and students, and in their cliHlculties the latter counted on his aid and syn1pathy. In the class-roorn he was accusimned 1o begin the recitation by calling 011 the student nearest hilll. One day he unexpectedly called on the occupant of the other end of the bench. who said: "Dociot, I did not learn tLaL" ''_\nd \\hy not?" said the Professor. "Because. candidly replied the student. ''I expected you wonlcl l)egin at the other end of the bench." 'J'he Doctor smiled and aclv1sed him not to depend on thai chance in fuiute. Dnring his tenn of office Dr. Hull nwde the acquaintance of l'vL );ichoai. the French astronomer. who \'isited at l1is house and \Yith who he becarne quite intimate. They made together n1any observations, and DL 1-lull materially aided the scientist in the objects or his visit to Georgia.
l~esigning- his chair in 1 R40, Dr. Hull passed the rest oi his days in the congenial occupation of L:nning and study. Tq.ll and graceful in bearing, (~ignifie(l, without ansteriiy, with the courtesy born with the true gentlernan, he attracted alike il:;e young and old. TTe \Yas fond of young people, and his sytnpathies "\Vith their plans and pleas- ures drew thetn to bini -with love and affection. I-J e lived beyond the tin1e allotted to man, enjoyiug excellent health. a typical gentlen1an of the old school, and aftet- a brief illness died where he

204
had lived nearly all his life, in the eighty-third year of his age.
Greensby W. Darbcr-"Wcd" Barber, as he was universally known-was a rare character. I vsc the word "rare" advisedly. Fie was a rnan of sterling integrity, with rnore than his share of ''horse sense," whatever that tnay n1ean. I-Ie had a keen wit and would perpetrate a joke on his best friend. 1-Iis house for many years was on the hill beyond the upper bridge, and he owned all the land between the road and Sandy creek. I-le offered his place once as a large tract of bottorn land, and when an inquirer, finding thai it was rnostly poor hillside, asked an explanation, :\Tr. Barber replied that all the top had been washed off and there was nothing left but bottol11. Fie believed in sand as a rernedy for indi-gestion. I-Ie said that the sand acted rnechanically and held the vicfuals down, the tendency of the food being to rise up and return to the rnouth. He declared also that it acted rnora11y; that dyspeptics were "chicken-hearted," and the remedy put "sand in the gizzard." and converted cowardly dyspeptics into the bravest heroes. I-Ie said a teaspoonful of sand after each meal would enable you i.o digest hicl-cory nuts if you kept it up, and would insure peace to every family.
::\Ir. Barber was born near the fan1ous "Barber's Spring," opposite lVIr. Linton's, and died in

205
Uarbersville, in the esteen1 of the c01nmunity arnong wh01n he had spent his entire life.
Rarely do two such 111en belong to the same tO\Yn as Howell and Thomas R. R. Cobb. Still n1ore rarely to th~ sarne family. Dr. Hull, who was on intirnate tenns with their father's family, left this sketch of the brothers:
"'The question has often been asked, \vhich was the n1ore talented of the two? One ntay as well inquire \vhich the greatest genius, a great painter or a great philosopher? There is no unit of measurernent with which to con1pare them. So of these two brothers-their n1incls were of different structure. The Governor controlled men by unequalled n1anagement and tact; the General by the irresistible force of argun1ent. The Governor was the greater politician, the General the greater lawyer. \iVhile the wonderful talents of both con1rnanded respect, the social qualities, the genial bonhmnie, the generous open-heartedness of the Governor secured your love; the co1n1nanding power of intellect prorninent in all the General said or did excited the adntiration. The Governor would, in cmnn1ercial language, look at the sun1 total of an account, without regard to the iten1s, or grasp the conclusion of a proposition withour: exmnining each step of the dernonstration. 'rhe General received nothing as true that could not be proved, and subn1itted every question to the cn1cible of reason before he pronounced their

206

absolute truth. I do not speak of their public

acts, but ren1e111ber then1 only as boys, students

and fellow-citizens. The Governor was generous

and liberal altnost to prodigality. When his father, frm11 a reckless disregard of ccmJon1y and

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n1isn1anagcnK'nt of his affairs, had al1owed his

debts to accnm.ulate to an an1onnt which could not

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he paid by the sale o all his property, the Gover-

nor devoted the whole or a handsmne estate (left

!

hin1 by his uncle, 1-Iovvell Cobb, for \vhon1 he was nmnccl) to the licruidation of the ren1aining liabilities, so that no 1nan should say tl1at he had becen

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i11jured hy his father. \Vith a hand open as day

tn melt1ng charit:y, he 'gave to those who asked of

hi111, and ro1n those who would borrow of hin1

he turned not away. i\nd tnany vvere the cases

of a princely g-enerosity and charity which were

never heard of in tl1is world, but weTe recorded

elsewhere. The General gave as m.uch, or perhaps 1nore, in proportion to his means, than did

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the Governor, but in a different way. I-Iis bene-

factions were gover11ed by the rl.ictates of reason than by the impulses of feeling. All plans suggested fo1 the pron10tion of the good of the

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public received l1is efficient and hearty support, J-f e took a lively interest in everything connected

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with the prosperity of the town, University,

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schools and churches. l-Ie was the founder of the

J .. ucy Cobb Institute, anrl_ contributed more of his

time, influence and n1oney to insure its success

207
than any half-dozen n1en put together. IIe was prmninent in everyr association of which he was a tnen1ber. ..:---\ nwn of the nwst wonderful versatility of talent, he would concentrate the power of his wonderful n1incl on the propriety and necessity of secession, on son1e intricate and abstruse point of law, on the best n1anner of conducting a Sunday school or on any subject that n1en thought of and talked about, with equal facility, and as if the matter under discussion was the only one he had ever studied, and 'vith a rapidity of transition fron1 one to another, the n10st dissin1ilar, that was startling. 'l'he patient and long-continued investigation of the most abstruse subject was pastin1e to hin1, and after such labor he would tneet you with a cheerful sn1ile on the brightest face, and 'crack his jokes' as if he did nothing else all his life. He surely was the tnost retnarkable 1nan o his day."
Thotnas R. R. Cobb 1nade the first political speech of his life before the Georgia Legislature in November, 186o. The effect of it was what we n1ay suppose follo-wed the great peroration of Patrick Ilenry, when he exclain1ed: "Give rne liberty or give n1e death !" l\1en went wild with enthusiasm_, and the speaker was the idol of the day. He entered that can1paign with the fiery zeal of Peter the Hennit, arguing, detnanding, threatening, entreating by pen and speech, until his audiences were won to enthusiastn for secession.

208
~\sa soldier he was y,.:ithout fear. In battle he was cool and tenacious. GencTal Lee wrote of him: ''i\s a patriot and a soldier his death has left a gap in the anny which his n1ilitary aptitude and skill rcncler it hard to fill." In the battle of Fredericksburg- his brigade vvas stationed behind the stone wall, the target for six successive attacks of ll1e Federal arrny. In an intetval of the attack General Cobb had disn1ountecl and was walking up aud clown the road, encouraging his 1ncn, when a piece of shell struck hirn, seveting the fcnwral artery. I-Ie lived but a short tinE', and when the news of his death was known in .Athens there was sorrovv jn every house and tears in every heart.
r-Iowcll Cobb was a genial, wann-hcattcd, lovable 1nan, loving a good joke, even if it \vas on hi111self. l-Ie "\Yould go to extren1e lengtl1s to aid a friend, and harbored no auinwsity to an enen1.y. l1Jclecd, he had no enen1ies, unless political oppencuts cou1cl be called so, and his antagonisn1. toward the1n was against groups rather than individuals.
In 1862 General Cobb-then Colonel-met an officer on General McClellan's staff near Richmond, to agree upon a cartel for exchange of prisoners. .l\fter business was dispatched they engaged in son1e very pleasant conversation, dur-ing which Colonel Cobb said that the two greatest calamities v..-hich ever befell the htuDan race

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I
l
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209
were the fall of .Adan.. and the landing of the ::\layflo\vcr. The officer repeated it to McClellan, '-'Vho enjoyed it itn1ncnsely.
General Cobb \\as veqr stout_____:___,_ah11ost Falstaffian in proportions, and physically was unfitted for the activity o military service. It was probably due tu this fact that he was transferred fron1 the Virginia anny to Georgia, where the soldier's life was not so strenuous.
..:\ficr the war Gcnetal Cobb vY<=lS disfranchised, but joined Ceneral 'I'omnbs ancl Genjan1in I-I. J-l ill in advising the people not to accept the reconstruction acts of Congress. Their gtcat Bush 1\rbor speeches arc a patt of Georgia history, in which they took the position thai the South had been conquered, but her people should still n1aintain their honor by refusjng to 1atify acts which not only \Vere offensive but had been passed ,vhile they were allowed no part in the legislation.
In the 1nountain counties of Georgia the Union men had waged a civil \var with Confederate sympathizers, in which the bushwhacker made
assassination his occupation. Colonel J. H. Hug-
gins' house was burned,and he did not clare to
gu back. Colonel .l'\nclrew J. Young had hung
and shot so nmny 111en without n1ercy that his life "..-as no longer safe in Georgia.
When ~t was arranged that General Cobb should speak at Hon1er, certain parties threatened to shoot him if he should go. Nevertheless he

210
went, hut he refused to sleep in any house, and permitted no one to sit bellind hin1 on the platform, saying if there was io be any shooting he \\'Clilied no innocent persons shot. General Cobb spoke his mind fearlessly to a great crowd, but then.: was no shooting-.
\\-hen on a visit to New York in 1868 Genetal Cobb \\as stricken with beart failure as he was ascending the stairs in the I-<'ifth Avenue 1---Iotcl, and died im1ncdiatcly.
CJL\PTER XXlll.
Fron1 its cadiest days Athens has not suffered fro111 \Yant of Inilitaty ardor. But the first o1ganizatiou of \vhich 1ve have any record, not counting the company of students-the "Franklin Blues"-was in 18.31, when the Geotgia Guards was organized, -.,yith :1\:' athanicl 1\. J\clan1s, Cap-
tain, H.. n. I-Jonghton, James C. Edwards and Eli
1--.:::. Clark, Lieutenants. 'fhey were uniformed and anned in time to celebrate the glorious Fourth in great st:-rlc in the Baptist chmch, and afterward drink it duwn at Captain Brown's tavern.
ln 183CJ a company of rnen was forn~ed for the
Sen1inolc war \\ith J an1es Lyon, Captainc and \Villian1 E. Jones, Burton, }-fides and Randolph
Harden for Lie11tenants. \Nillian1 E. Jones was the editor of the Athens
TVIziJ?,. l-Ie was very smart and a warn1 adherent

211
of the 'froup party. \Nhile a student in college Dr. Singleton, a Clark 111an (the father of ).1 rs. F. \V. L,ucas), vvas a candidate for Congtcss fr01"n the State at latge. 1-\_bout a n1onth before the election Jones wrote to the ~1up;usfa Se;lfiucl a notice of Dr. Singleton's death, and paid a beautiful tribute to his worth. Ji '\Vas copied in t11e Savannah, JVIilledgeville, }/Iacon and Columbus papers, each adding a word of reg-ret for his untimely death. The-re being no railroads or telegraph in those clays, and only weekly mails, no opportunity was afforded to deny the report before the election was held, and Dr. Singleton was unanin1ously defeated. Jones sold the fhig to h1s brother and went to Texas. VVhile attending a court near the Rio Grande son1e of Santa .-\una's pickets crossed over, captured judge, jury and laYyers and rnarchecl then off to a :I\1exican prison. \Vhile they languished there in durance vlle they devised a plan for escape by tunnelling under the wall, but '\vere discovered. Their jailer was a fat old l\'Iexican of rotund proportions, whom the prisoners had dtthbe<l "Gnts~v.'' \Vhen they were asked '\vho gaye then1 the 1neans to work with, Jones prmnptly replied, "GutS)'." The utter amazetnent and indignation of that individual at the unjust charge n1a_y be itnagined. The ),~1 exicans deten11ined to convert then1 to the Catholic faith, and bvice a clay 111arched them to the Cathedral to hear tnass. The incorrigible

212

Jones, who had previously prin1ecl his cmnpan-

ions, i1ntnediatcly after prayer gave the con1mand, ''Single vviggle !" at which every man stood up

facing the priest, placed his thumh to his nose and wiggled his Gngers 1vith the uttnost gravity. ,t-\_[ter the second prayer the order, "])ouble coni-

pound action!" broug-ht all hands to their feet, \Yith both hands extended frmn the nose and fin-

gers wiggling ft1riously. J\Iter this further 11lis-

sionary work was abandoned. The Georgia JJrigade \vas con1manded by Gen.

\
'

Dnnvell Pope. _!\_ dinner was given the General and bls stail on leaving for the scat of war, at J\ir. 1 [ancock's ''Planters' _Hotel," at -which a hun-

dred guests were seated and toasts were drunk

in "Georgia \vine." T'he College cotnpany, Capt.

Benj. C. -Yancey, escorted the volunteers across

the river and fired a salute on parting fron1 them.

Jn 1840 another con1pany was forn1ed the

n;:unc of which does not appear. VV. B. Wells

beat Ben Perley Poore for Captain. John S.

Linton was made rst Lieutenant, Dr. Williarn l~;tcon, 2nd L-ieutenant, and 'T'hos . .:\I . .:\len-

weather, Ensign. This cotnpany was tnustered

into the State 111ilitia.

Ben Perley Poore was sent to Georgia from

JVf assachusctts by his father to grow up with the

country. He can1e to Athens and purchased and editecl the Southern JVhig. A n1an o ed-

ucation and refinetnent, he was adn1itted to the

213
best society of the town, and hccan1c fairly popular with the citizens. Poore, after awhile, Legan to exhibit abolition tendencies, and his inti1nac) yvith negroes caused ltirn tu be ostracised. IIe g;avc an entertainment at his house, in ,y)li,h lL' invited s01ne negroes. This even rnurc than no\~' \Yas an unpardonable sin, and h1nts of tar and feathers were heanl. :\Tindfnl that discretion i.s the better part of valor he returned to his nativ~ state, \YhClT lle was next heanl fro111 as trundling a wheclbarruw fron1 Nev.-hnryport to Doston in payment of a lost wager on Filhnorc's elecLion. Poore afterwards ,,..as Paris correspondent of the !~oston lXl.pcrs, then Librarian of Congress, and \Vas during the war a wcll-kno\vn newspaper cotTcspml(_lent at VVash1ngton, but it is said wonlU never speak of h1s earl.r sojourn at the South.
In 1g45 the ''Clarke Cavalry'' \Vas organized for the J\rexican war, with \Villian1 E. Dearing Captain, I-J cnry liull, rst Lieut., VVilliam I-I. Cra,vfonl 2nd Lieut., Jan1es Colt, Cornet. The cmnpany \\as arn1ecl and equipped, but their se1"vices were not accepted by the governn1ent.
I do not know in what \vay our young men worked off their thirst for war until 1854, but ir'! that year the .Athens Guards was organized with the following officers: Captain, C. D. Lolnbard; rst Lieut, Tviiller Grieve; 2nd Lieut, Ha-
bushmT1 J . ..:\cla1ns; Ensign, \Vm. G. Deloney;

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214

1!
II

1st Sgt., John C. Turner; 2nd Sgt., Edward r.

Lumpkin; 3rd Sg-t., 1'hon1as U. Can1ak; 4th Sgt..

\i\1111.. J. I\Iorton. The Guards \Vere the pets of

the town, and dressed in their uniforms of blue

coats with red tri1nn1ings, white trousers and

phunes of red and \\'hite, paraded the streets oa all public occasions, keeping step to ~\sa Cobb's fife and \Vilson llu11's bass drun1, and preceded

b.y- olcl tnan 11ridges as a self-appointed Drum-

:\ 1ajor, with an escort of little negroes and b'.)_v-.s. Captain I ~01nbanl \\as an accotnplishecl dentist

:1nd a genial tnan. Fie -.,yas a Dne of-ficer, a tall,

hanclson1c soldierly Jnan. bnt drink ruined hin1

and finally, a pensioner upon his friends, he met

:1 drunkard's death .

.:\ lew years later, in 1859, the ""~ational Ar-

tillety" \vas organized by Capt. Frank :Fiill,

known in after years as the "Troup Artillery."

Both these cornpanies did gallant servic-e in the

\var .

.-\. :\. Franklin I-Iill \Vas a fatniliar figure in

. \ thens. After leaving college he studied medi-

cine and served as snrgcon in the navy. Then he- read lavv and essayed planting. Con1ing back

t<> .Athens he edited the S~outhern Banner until

the beginning of the war. CoL J-Iill was interest-

ed in everything that \vas going on. I-fe was

Captain of the Fire C01npany, belonged to the

Guards, organjzed the .Artillery, chaperoned

picnics, lead the danc-es ani filled a large place

215
;:1 the social life of the town. I-le 1vore his hair ;ong and parted in the rnidclle and his beard long and pointed; in fact he wns distinguished by having the longest beard of any n1an in iown. Tic was a great l.H:'au 1n society and a yery general favorite.
Cl L"cPTER XXI\~ .
. \~ c:1rly as tX:;o the prnpagancla of ah)Ltin11 of slavcq began to arouse the antagonisn1 of the A\ihenians, but the cloud secrnecl a long way off and the n1nttering of the thnncler was very faint, and \YC cEcl not worry tnnch over it. But when the Ecpnblicans, as the 1<\ee Soil Party callecl then1selvcs, put out a candidate for President it became interesting, and when the Dcn1ocratic Convention split at Charleston it became acute. Tt 1vas then evident to thinking- n1en that the i\boli6onists would elect their candidate. In that event \vhat shou1d the South do? It was this questlon >.vhich produced a conflagration tLat swept the country and stirred Athens fron1 center io circwnsiance. Leading Detnocrats openly declared ihere could Le no other course but io secede frmn the 1Jnion. Conservative \Vhigs hoped for an adj nsttnent which would preserve the LTnion and in the hearts of all then:h~rkecl the hope that Lincoln would be defeated.
\i\lhen the telegtaph announced the certainty of

216
A brahan1 Lincoln's election there was intense excitetnent in Athens. A 1nass n:1eeting was held ir-. which all parties united and Mr. T. R. R. Cobb 1nacle a stirring address in which he first declared for secession. Before this Mr. Cobb had taken no part in politics but had assiduously addressed 11in1self to the practice of law. But fron1 now on all his energies were devoted to the salvation of the South fron1 what he believed to be ihe destruction of a11 her liberties and to the preservation of her independence.
Travel then was co1nparatively slow, the tnails vvere irregular, the telegraph uncertain. Every passenger brought news from_ the Nortl1. Rumors of in1possible conditions \verc rife and were repeated fro1n Inouih to rr1ouih and with every repetition g-ained in sensation. Strangers were looked upon with suspicion, Northerners were looked at askance and spies were talked of and spotted here and there. J-\ n1an living about four Iniles fr01n to\vn prmnulgatcd his free soil sentiments for which he \Vas arrested and tried in the Town I I all by the citizens before Intendant Lyle. The prisoner badly frightened, declared he didn't know it was any hann, recanted his opinions, and was released. l\!Iectings were held aln1osi daily and groups of tnen gathered on the <>trects to discuss the neyvs. The Legislature was in session and by invitation Mr. Thos. R. R. Cobb addressed the men1bers on the situation.

217

That speech was one that lives in the history of

the State. liis voice was for in1111ecliatc seces-

sion.

After .enforcing his reasons with all the logic

at his com.n1and he closed vvith these words: ((On

the night of the sixth of N ovcn1ber I called rny

\'l'ife and little ones together around 1ny fa111ily

altar and together we prayed to God to stay the

wrath of our oppressors and prescne the Lnion

I;

of our fathers. T'he rising sun of the seventh of

Nove1nber found rnc on n1y knees begging the

san"lc kind father to n1ake that wrath to praise

him and the re1naindcr of wrath to restrain. I

believe that the hearts of n1en are in His hands,

and when the telegraph annouhcccl to 1ne that the

voice of the :i'J orth proclairned at the ballot box

that I should be a slave, I heard in the sa1ne

sound the voice of n)-y God speaking through his

providence and saying to his child, ai3c free!

Be free!" The effect upon his audience vvas in

describable. l\1en went wild with enthusiasm

and frmu that hour it was deternTined that Geor-

gia should no longer rcm.ain in the Union of

States. Soon after this l Ton. 1-Iowell Cobh rc-

~igned the office of Sccrcta1~ oi tl1c T't-casur~.

under President Bnchanan and carne honte.

The Legislature called a convention of the

State to "hich Asbury Hull, Thos. R. R. Cobb
and J cffcrson Jennings were elected delegates

fron1 Clarke County. In the n1cantinu~. ne,vs

21M
\\as received of the secession of South Carolina v.,hich produced the greatest enthusiasn1. The en.:nt was celebrated by a great torchlight procession in which a thousancl1nen took part. Secessioni.c;ts were known by the bJ ue cockade, and e\ery clay added to their ranks. ln anticipation of troublous tin1es the Troup i\rtillcry offered their services to the Governor. Conservative L:nion n1cn \YCre powerless in this gatheringstonn, and felt their helplessness in the face of increasing exciten1ent.
The Convention rnet in .\filledgevillc and :t great debate ensued. J\fr. Stephens 1nade \vhat has been considered ihe greatest speech of his lie againsi secessio11. Ben T-1i11 thre\v all the eloquence of a gTeat orator into an appeal for ihe preservation of the Union. Uut if any speech \\as needed to confinn ihe determination of the Con\ention it was the irnpassionecl utterance of Thos. H. R. ColJh. urging and entreating and deInancling hy turns that Georgia and her children should be free. On January 19th, 18cl!-. the Con\'ention passed the Ordinance of Secessiun. \Yith the solemnity which characterized the sig1.1cr--; c ,the l)cclaration of Independence, but with no fca;_for the future, each delegate signed his nau1c lYith a new pen.
\Vhcn the ne\\s \Vas received in ..A.thens, the Troup .Artillery fired a salnte of a hundred guns. .\ great unrest pcnadec1 the cnnll1ll111ity: noboch-

219
knC\V exactly \vhat to expect. Sorne predicted \\ar. others scouted the idea. The declarations o:f ::\11L I:inco]n \VCre pacific, and :yet the people began Lo gather then1selvcs together, and the military con1panics began to drill and furbish UJ' their anns. 1'he ladies made a flag for th,; \thcns Cuards. whicl1 '"as delivered h_,- ])L l,ip-"Comb in an elofllll'nt speech. and another flag ,,-as presented to the Troup Artillery.
CIL\T'TER XXV.
The seceding- ~tate~ called a Cong;rc">s t;) me:.\ in ::\Iontgomery.. \Jaban1a, for the purpose o organizing a new Confederacy upon the lines of the old Lnion. In the appointment of delegates to this Provisional Congress to \vhich Georgia sent ten, b.vo 1'\thenians \Vere sclcctccl, I-1owell and 'l'hos. R. J~- Cobb. ..:'\nother, Benj. I-J_ tiilL had n1arricd an i\ thens girl and after the v,rar becan1e a citizen of the placl'. ()f the remaining seven , five, Toon1bs, Stephens, \\Tright, Dartow and X-ishct hacl been students al the University and itnbibecl its spirit \vith their con1ing manhood. \~That city then can claitn with equal reason so conunanding- an influence in the formation of the Confederate States as /\thcns?
_\t that Congress J-Towell Cohh ,yas tnade President, and next to Mr. Davis was the choice of the Congress for President of the new Confederacy.

220
During the session of the Congress and indeed during the whole intervening tirnc until the battle of Fredericksburg not a clay elapsed without Thornas 1~. R. Cobb writing to his wife. In these letters he spakc what was in his heart as he would have done in the privacy of his chatnber ,vith no thought that other eyes than hers \voulcl sec them. They are therefore of tLe ;2,Tcatcst value in dcplctin:..:; t1lc J-.i"t'lry those tin1es as he saw it.
To show the belief of th c best inforn1ed public n1en of that day we quote "The chances are decidedly aaginst war. There 111ay be a little collision and nn1ch confusion. hut no bloody or extensive war. The action of \Tirginia decides the question. Peace is certain on her secession;" and this. --e-,\ynn of California wires that Sc\\-ard told hin1 then.: \\'Otlld be no war: .. an<l a:--: late as J\pril Tgth, ''r11any arc of the decided opinion tbat there -will be no war. 1-Iowell insists that this is the true view o the rnatter.'' .\nd yet. the 111i1-itary ardor of the South ,,-as never so high. Cotnpanies were organizing everyvdlcre. ~if en o wealth \Vere equipping con1panies ancl arming regin1ents out o their O\VTI pockets. Governor Bro\vn was besieged with tenders for n1ilitary service. Officers had resign eel fron1 the old /\rn1y and N" avy on the secession o their States and oflered their services to President Davis. Although there had

221
been no declaration of \Yar, every preparation was being made for war.
Congress adopted the flag of .the Confederacy in ).L:ircll and I-Iope Fire Con1pany raised over their engine house in \~~ashington street, the fitst one that flung jts folds to an .\thens breeze. The same afternoon the Souihcrn Bannrr raised another over its office on \Vebh & Crawford's corner, which was saluted by the Troup Artillery in proper fonn.
\Yith the fall of Fort Sun1iet e-veryone prepared for war. Ladies \Yere busy 111akin*S -:::lothes, knitting socks, gloves, wristlets and cmnforters for the soldiers to take with thetn. Oil skin havelocks, needle cases, pin cnshions, con1bs and pocket looking glasse,:.; were 1nuch sought after. The State of Georgia, through Adjutant Ceneral "J-Ienry C. \\Tayne announced tbat if would fnrnish soldiers "one coat, two handkerchiefs, two pairs pants, one black necktie, one cap, two flannel shirts, two pairs drav,.rers, three pairs socks, one pocket knife, one tin cup, one spoon, one knife, one fork, two pairs boots, and one flannel band io tic around the stomach when exposed to the clamp." \Vhai a pathetic cuntrast that soldier presented our years later, toiling along through rain and snow, barefooted, ancl in rags that barely coyerecl his nakedness, but with the courage and hardiness, that 111ade hin1 lhc adntiraiion of the \Vodd ! r\t the State

222
Bank in Athens subscriptions to the Confederate loan were opened and $25,250 were taken. The first Confederate bond sold for 120, while the first l}nited States bonds \vere taken at 93-5 Tlowever, these prices were not n1aintained.
CIIAI0 TER XXVI.
On April 24th the Troup Artillery left to go
into camp at Sayannah with seventy-four n1e11: Captain, J\Jarcellus Stanley; rst Lieut., IIenry
ll. Carlton; 2nd Lieut., /\. F. Pope; 3rd Lieut., Ed,,-anl P. Lt1111pkin; Ensign, Pope Darrow ; r st Sgt., Ceo. J. Newton; 2nd Sgt., C. \i\T. J\1otes; 3n.l Sg-t., Ceorgc A. I-Ion1er; 4th Sg-i., R. l-I.
rrid.~-C()ll: sth Sgt.. I r. IL S\\ ann: I st Corp .. Let'
J\I. Lyle; 2nd Corp., L. C. Cooper; Jed Corp .. Tl1os. F. Baker; 4th Corp .. \iVnL I-T. Jones.
Privates, Sa1n'l T. Aaron. Ceo. B. Atkisson, Jos. A. Blackn1an, Thos. i\.. Barnrw, Geo. P. BenJl(_tt. Ri(_h'd C. Iicanlcu. John .:\f. nost,,,-ick. J~nnes :;\f. BnnYn, Benj. Culp, Robert Childers, Bart. I.Z. Cain, lTedg-es Conget, Hcnvell Cobb. I-Iinton C. Dillat"d, Janles F. Dillard, Robert F. L>orsey, ~'\. S. Dorsey, John C. Deavonrs, Wtn. T-:. Dicken. John \V. Edwards. Elijah T. EngL:nd. T4. 1). Fnrgusson, Jol111 O'Farrell, Robert Itlournoy. Josepll I-f. L. Cerdine, John J. Griffeth. \\Tn1. l\__ 1--fetnphill, John I-I. J-Iug-hes, J;"ls . .:\1. A. Jackson, Chas. :;\if_ L11n1pkin, Frank Lumpkin . .\bsalorn E. Lee, J-T. L. ?dullins, E. :;\1.

223

\Iaxcy, David :-.lcDonald, John J . .:\lcConncll

'''m. 1?. ~[calor, Tsaac S. ).1oonJ Robert :\1oore,

1 L D. ~fuller, John F. D1urray, Thos. 1\_. .=\ItuTa_\-,

\

Jas. A. :0.loore, ..:\lnJOn L. ~ancc, _\ug. C. Pat-

'~

man, J. E. Pittlnan, John/\. Parks. John 1-I. Pat-

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rick. E. \\l. Porter, .Anderson \V. Reese, E. Rich-

ardson, James Pledger, ]an1cs T. Sansom, T. I f.

Shaw, Jas. C. Strickland, nen. P. Taylor, C).

\'inccni, John 0. VVaddcll, Grant \Vilkins, George C. VVillian1s, Thos. D. \Yillian1s, I-Ictn_\ F VVinn.

The cornpany was escorted io the Ccorgia Railruad by the Athens Gnarcls, Oconee Cavalry and the Fire Con1panies. /-\t the depot then on the hill across the river two thousand citizens had a~scinblccl to say goodbye, and Chancellor Lipscomb aclchessed the departing c01npany with charactcri~tic elo<1uence and in a strain of th~ h;ghest patriotisn1.
1\ftcr a brief service at Tybee, where they found nothing worse than sand 11ies to figh1, ~1 roup .t\rtillery was ordered to Virginia and

formed part o Cobb's Legio11 at. YorktuwP . .\ftenYanls being cletachccl frmn the Leg1on they vvere sent to \Vest virginia. Captain Stanley resigned in r862 and Lieut. Carlton was elected Captain.
Troup .t\rtillery was known as Carlton's ea.~

tcry later in the war, since Captain Carlton commanded it fnnn 18G2 to the surrender at ApiL1

224
n1attox. It was aUachecl to Cabell's Battalion, Longstreet's Corps. It participated in nearly all tLe severest battles in virginia. In the \Vest \ ~irginia can1paign, \vhere they saw their first real service, the 1nen suffered terribly. The_\ were at Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Tl1e Wilderness, Spottsylvania. Cold I-Iarbor and Petersburg.
"F'irst and last there v-.rere 267 tnen enrolled in 'J'roup Artillery. Of these Lieut. Motes, George _,\tkisson, Joe Cerdine, "V./. 1-L Jones, John 0.
VVadclell, \V. J. Pittn1an were wounded and Ben
Carlton killed at Sharpsburg.
.At Cran1pton's Cap J. J. Kenney was killed
and John 'A1addell wounded.
\t Fredericksburg Capt. Carlton, T. M. 1 fug-hes, T. S. Aaron, Willian1 Jennings, T. S. Richards, ::\{arion Stovall, were wounded and ;-_L
L Dillard killed.
-"\t Gettysburg Capt. Carlton, Lieut. I-Ienry Jennings, VV . .i\. I-Ie111phill ancl W. E. Biggers
were \\ounded, Richard Ivioore and J. H. Adams
killed.
At Spottsylvania Lieut. T. A. Murray, J. H.
Belcher, Hedges Conger, G. P. Bennett, '1'. M.
Hughes, J. W. Ledbetter, John Lilly were
\vounded, .:-\bsa1om Lee and Elisha Porter, killed. W. P. l\1ealor lost a leg at Dam No. 1 and H. ::V1urphy was killed there.

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225

The fatalities fro1n catnp diseases were no fewer. In r86I the deaths were B. W. Cain,

Chan1p. Conelly, F. I\!Iiller, I--Iarrison 'fhunnond,

J A. Parks. In r8Gz J. C. Ayres, Willie Billups, Jas. M. Bone, E. :\1. Butler, J. L. Butler, Jos. L.
Dillard, R. 0. I-Iale, l\lsa Huggins, Ceo. Jen-
nings, S.D. Jennings, J. ]. Johnson, M. McLain,

Zach Sikes, Richard Sikes, R. ]. 'f11ck and J. C.
Tuck. In 18G3 Lieut. Ceo. ~evvton, J. J\f. Brown, 'f. S. ~t\aron, VVillian1 Cooper, ]. C. Dea-

vors, \V. H. Lee, ]. A. Moore, P. N. Neese, R. B Richardson, ]. M. Sikes, and in r864 ]. vV.

Echols, J. VV. Harris, Jesse Palmer, W. H. Stapler, J. vV. Stephenson and H. C. Dillard.

In addition to tho..,e who wcnl out \Yith thi:;

fanwus battery and who escaped to survive the

war \vere Steve and Willie Dearing, Paddy Ware,

.Andrew Lamar, Sid Franklin, Robert Hemphill,

VV. F. Drittain, Bob Brittain, Joe Barry, W. F.

l

Crane, J. R. Crane, Jirn Frierson and others be-

I

sides wborn I cannot now recall.

I

A few days after the Troup Artillery left

.'\thens, ihe Tugalo Blues frmn Franklin County

and after thern the farnous Banks County Guards,

clad in gray jeans and arn1ed with squirrel rifles passed through on their way to ~he camps. They

vvere rnet at the upper bridge with great enthu-

siasin and escorted to the depot with 1nilitary

honors.

[

,.
t
226
CHAPTER XX\-II.
On April 29th, the Athens Guards left for V~ir ginia, with the following roll of men:
Capiain, Henry C. Billups; I st. Lieut.; ThoJll<Ls ~~- Dani:..l: 2nd l...ieut.. !)avid IL Langstnn; Ensign, George E. Jiayes; I st. Sgt. George ~\. Carlton: 2nd Sgt .. ,_-:\f. \\"yng::Jd. SgL, \. S l\1ancleville; 4th Sgt. Samuel L. Alexander; 5th. Sgt. John S. VVilliford; rst Corp., Richard fl. T-Inghcs; 2cl. Corp., Robert A. Whittnan; 3d. Coq1., R . .t\I. McAlpin; 4th Corp., H. M. Delacy.
Privates.
1-L :vr. ~ \iken, I-.!.. L--\. Bristol, \Villis none, VVill-
iani Bone, Dave l T. Hailey, W. Bearden, J. L. Buford, J. R Burpee, Mike J. Clancey, J. S. Colbert, W. 1-I. Culberson, Charley Dean, Reuben
T. DurbatD, Geo. C. Daniel, 'f'hos. J I. Frierson, Ceo. S. Graham, Stun~p Greer, John \V. Gilleland, lT. l\iT. Gilleland, San1 I-layes. P. \-V. T--Ia}~cs,
John I-1arris, Sid Hughes, I. W. 1-Iallam., J. R. Ivy, J. J. Karnes. \V. D. Luckie.\\'. R. Lambc1-~
VVn1. Ledbetter, Thos Ledbetter, l\[iller G. Lmnpkin, C. P. J\icAllister, Jos. 1-1. I\!IcClcskey, R. P. }dc\Vhorter, \;V. H. lVIorton, C. Vl. ~'furray, John P. l\1ason, Daniel l\1ci<:::cnzie, 'rhos. C. ]\fa-
con, P. J.VJ. 1\Teese, J. \V. ~abers, J. J. Parr, Geo.
l-i. Palrner, G. R. Porter, G. VV. Ramey, R. IZ H.eaves, S. M. Stark i\. C. Sn1ith, IvL C. Sin1-
1nons, J. ]. Sitns, E. C. 'l'hoJnas, Jas. D. 'T'hmnas.

227
John \V. Tenney, S. Fisher Tenney, J. T. 'Thur-
n:ond, A. J\. \Vinn, Ceo. D. \iVhitman, D.P. \Villianrs, \V. l-L Vincent.
Other recruits during the war brought the total enrolhncnt up to 140.
The .\thcns Guards "\Vas known as Co. 1(., 3d Ccorgia Rcgitncnt, \Vright"s Brigade, l1ill's Corps. The history of the Cornpany shows sotTlC hot fighting and heavy casualties. Thelt first cngagcrncnt was on Roanoke Island \vhcre the\ defeated an Jndiana rcgin1cnt which they were destined to face in battle on two other occasions.
Capt. JEllups was pron1otcd to Lieut. Colonel and Licnt Daniel resigned. Lieut. David H. Langston bcca1ne Captain and con1n1anded the Ccnnpany all tluough the vvar. Jn the battle of l\Jalvcrn IIill, C. P. ?>.IcAllistcr, Jno. "'vV. Nabers,
J. J-I. Dunahoo, Jack Sin'ls, Noah C. Strickland
were vvonnded and VV. L. Griffeth and Joe JVIcClcskcy killed.
\t Second .:\Ianassas F. -:\1. Doster was ki.llcd and Daniel ::vicKcnzie, VV. J-J. l\Iorton, and \i\Tn1. A. Wright, now Con1ptroller General of Georgia were \vouncled.
At Sharpsburg- David i\. Bailey, ]in1 Dorsey,
J. H. l~eaves, S. F. Tenney, ~\clolphus \i\Tanl-
aling and A. A. \Vinn were wounded, and George G1ahan1 and VValtet Perry killed.
At Chancellorsville, Capt. Langston, \V. \V.

228
Cook, Stun1p Greer and Jack Sims, were wounded.
At Gettysburg, S. M. Barber and George Porter, were wounded. T6n1 I<'rierson was \\-ounded and captured. W. A. Wtight was wounded again
and captured. C. vV. Dean, J. E. Dickson, M. B.
Locklin, Dave ::\Ioncricf, an<l Xoah Strickland were killed. vV. S. Griffeth was killed at Fredericksburg.
Ceo. E. Griffeth, Ceo. H. Palmer, J. W. What-
ley wete wounded at Spottsylvania and W. H. Jackson, C. A. Barber and R. A. Bristol, killed.
_\ t the Crater at Petersburg Lieut. George E. Hayes~then Major of the 3d Georgia~William Nabers, Zach Nabers, and Sam Reynolds, were killed, Lieut. Dalton ~itchclL V\r. L. D;ube~, Robert Dougherty, ]an1es O'Farrell, C. W. Reynolds, Rich Robertson, A. C. Sn~ith and W. A. Sin1s v.-ere wounded. F. VV. Hazelhnrst was captured.
Before Richn1ond T. W. Long and Trevor Rice were wounded. F.l\f.Chandler was captured at Deep Bottom, ]. G. Evans was wounded at
Hatcher's Run and J. R. Barber, W. H. Bearden,
V/illian1 Bone, Sarn IIayes, I-J. G. Cook, GerJ.
C. Daniel, J. S. Durham, A. \V. Thornton. S. D. Haygood. ,\. L. Mitchell, D. E. Sims, H. J. Sim-
mons were wounded but in which battles is not now recalled.
Twenty-one members of the Guards died in

229
service fron~ diseases-}. D. Chandler, David C. Cook, W. F. Cook, Elijah Craft, P. vV. Hayes,
Irving Hinesly, J. J. Karnes, Zero TZitchens.
Charley Lucas, J. B. Mason, C. W. Murray, W. A. Raines, I. K. Strickland, ]. W. Tenney, John Thurmond, F. Thurmond, T. M. Tuck, W. T. vValker and G. A. Witt.
On May 29th the Clarke County Rifles left, under the following officers:
Captain-Isaac S. \:incent,; 1st Lie1:1t.-J. \V. I-lenclon, zncl Lieut.-]. J. ::\IcRee, 3rd Lieut.-
F. Crenshaw; Ist Sgt.-J.P. Cheney; 2d SgtLindsay Durham; 3d Sgt-J. H. Reaves; 4th Sgt.-Sanfonl \Vhiteheacl; 1st Corp.-~'\rthur .:\T. Jackson; 2d Corp.-]. N. Ridgeway; 3d Corp.vVm. A. Elder; 4th Corp.-H. P. Fullilove.
Captain Vincent was taken ill before going into camp and died in Raleigh. The company was assigned to the 3d Georgia Regiment and fought side by side with the Athens Guards throughout the war under Captain McRee.
The casualties in this Cotnpany were as f~)l
k~s:
i\t ~alvern Hill Lieut.Crenshaw, Jos.C.Eldet, Zach Jackson and Thomas Wright were killed
S. D- .1:-Iardigree, J. T. Launius and E. E. Carter
wounded. _!\. ~illican was wounded and T. G. Hedn1ond killed at Second l'vianassas
ll.t Sharpsburg vVilliam Fullilove. H. P. Fulli-
love. David l\1. Elder were killed and J. L. Hen-

230

"r son,

P. Hendon, J. S. Jones, Thos. B. Middle-

brooks, \i\T. I-{. Rutledge wounded.
\V. F. Turnell, J. T. Turnell, J. S. Hale, J. P.

:\ fillican. we1c \vounded at Chance11ursvi1le and

\\.anen Carter. \\Tillis Fullilove killed.

\\l111ianl Loring 1.vas killed at Sawyets Lane.
J. \V. B1adbcrry, Jno. lL Elder .. \sa :\I. Jackson

\~ere wonnclccl and F. C. Elbin. J. \V. 1-Iardigrce,

killed in the battles around Richn1ond. Jeff Delay

\.vas wounded at :Hatcher's Rnn.

At Gettysburg G. IL Blair was \vounded and

captured and so was 1\sbnry Coopet who died in
prison. J. I-:1. Dunahoo. \\T. Joe Eldcc \V. P.

Epps. Jno. H. Giles, \\' H. Hale, ,\. :vi. Maxcy

were wounded and John Hardigree, J. S. I--Iardi-
gree, F. J. I-fill~ were killecl.

.-\t Spottsylvania S. \llcn. \\-. S .. \ndc1s-m

were killed, and A. B. Delay, Thos Davenport, D.

E. Elder, \' ..\llcn and John Sin1pson \\nunclui.

At Petersburg Capt. McRee \Vas killed and

\Villian1 Eades, Jan1cs ~owcii. \Y. C. :\'"tmnally,

F. 1-T. Stewart, Lindsey \Vilson. also. , ...-hjlc J. -:\1 .
. \11good, S. D. Tlardigrec, John J. Giles, Da,\son Elder. J. P. C\IcRce, \Villi am :'\ owcll. J. \ V.

Tutncll and \i\T. C. \1\Tood were wounded.
Jmnes Carter was killed at Fredeticksburg, J.

\V. Allgood was severely wounded three tirnes.

Richard S. Jones was \:vonudcd at Yellow Ta,-

crn. Hatchers' Rnn and Sharpsburg, and cap-

tured in the last.

231
J~)hll Peeler \\as \YCnnclcd at the \\~ilclerncss. IJavc Stephens at Cold ffarbm, Jacob 1h:ngc Tony Daggcrt. _\_ El~lcr, J). ~- l~ldc;, \\'illia"l
Jones. J. L. LeCroy. C. \V. Little. Elijah. Jull!r
and Stearns .:-.Iaulclin. :\". Plunkett. S. :\f. Stark.
H. J. Thomas in other battles.
Those \Yho died in service \YC.rc 1. Daniel. George and Th0111as Daggcrt, Silas East, David (: Elder. Da,,id 1 I. E(hYanl. . \. and Edward I .. Criflcth. \\-. I I. Lo,,c. \\"illiam .\Iiclcllcbrooks.
.L f<'. Ragsdale. T. J. R()bcrtson. \\rillian1 Spencer.
james \\"anl. Fleming and \\.cldnn \\rise. Clarke Rifles enrolled 150 men clnring the \\'Clr
a c;mall rc1nnant of \\hclln \Vl'l'C .snrrcnclcn'cl ~>.t J\ppornattox.
CfL".PTER XXVIII.
The Georgia Troopers, a cavalry cmTtpany, was next organized, and left July rOtb, r86r, to join Cobb's Legion, composed of the following officeLs
<'llld 111Cll:
Capiain, \Villian1 G. Deloney; rst Lieut., ]an1es R. Lyle; 2nd Lieut., Thon1as C. Willian1s; 3rcl Lieut., JeJTY E. Ritch.
Tn the Ranks-Step11en i\rnold, Thor11as ]. Ash, A. Baker, Cicero Brooks, Thornas Brooks, i\.Jonzo Brooks, Jno. I-I. Bulloch, Green Chandler, D.P. Catnp, ~. B. Cash, Thos. ]. Dnnnahoo, Stephen T. Dent. Aleck T. Dent, Ilenry Dough-

232

erty, vVm. Davis, Jas. A. Epps, A. F. Hardy, Geo. Harper, W. C. Hood, J. P. Hill, S. W. Hill, :\Joscs Hill, Jas. 'I'. House, Frank R. Howard,

S. E. Jackson, E. C. Lay, G. W. McElhannon, i\1. C. Martin, J. B. O'Sliields, H. P. Park, Olivet
H. Prince, Isham H. Pittard, Jno. C. Rutherford, Q. 1-I. Smith, T. A. Smith, W. H. Simpkins, M. S. Sin1n1ons, W. B. rruck, ]. I. Tuck, T. J.
Shackleford, J. N. Pinson, Jno. J-Ievvett, J. C.

Oliver, S- B. Weir, Hoyt Weir, Phillip \"/ray,
\Va1ter Wray, J. C. \Velborn, Burwell I-L Yerby,
rr. \iV. J. J\!fatthews, Wn1. Nabers, J. Moon.
Captain Deloney wa~ promoted to I..icuL Colo-

nel, Lieut. Lyle resigned, Lieut. \iVillian1s \vas tnade Captain, Lieut. Ritch after a year returned

hon1e and raised another cotnpany -..ybich he cmnrnanded throughout the war.

The Georgia Troopers was an integral part of Cobb's Legion but '\Vas later detacbed just as

tbe Troup Artillery was and belonged to Hainp-

\

ton's Cavalry, but the men insisted on retaining

I

the natne of "Cobb's Legion Cavalry." They enrolled first and last r()8 tne11.

Of these, A. Bruce, W. F. Early and E. S.

\!
~I

House were killed at !Ianovcr C. H.; R. narrett, Thos. J-Jonse, Adjutant J. Frank Jones and l\L C. Strickland at Gettysburg; II. P. Parks at Jack'~ Shop; Lt. Col. Barrington King at Fayetteville,

n

N. C.; ]. W. Daniel in a skirmish.

CoL Delone~, was wounded at Jack':::~ Shop,

233
captured and died in Old Co pitel Prison in \i\rash-
ington. Capt. Ritch, W. Btyant, R. J. Hancock
were wounded at Brandy Station; \V. I-!. Early arid F. W. Walter at Dispatch Station; C. R.
Harris and J. Vv. Daniel at Gettysburg; J. H.
Abercrombie, W. C. I-Ioward at Reams Station; W. C. Orr at Deep Bottom; T. R. Tuck at YVilden1ess; Marcus D. L. Pittman at Culpepper.
Bryant, I\1cCurry and S. S. Parks were cap-
tured and died in prison. R. L. Nash, D. 0.
Conner, J. C. Oliver were captured and M. Anderson, N. Anderson, F. Chandler, E. W., J. M.
and S. D. Cowan, .l\. B. Dinsn"lore, W. I-Iilton, John Hill, M. I-Iil!, W. H. Foss, W. Pinson.
Jan1es and Robert Tuck died of disease.
Capt. Hitch's company \\as also o "Cobb's Legion Cavalry." Isham I-I. Pittard was rst
Lieut. and was captured at Ely's Ford. T. J.
Smith was 2nd Lieut.
C. C. Brooke, 3rd Lieut., was killed at Gettysburg. Lieut. Torn Dunnahoo was killed at Rean1s Station, A. C. Baker, L. W. Barrett at Gettysburg; B. H. Carter, A. F. Hardy and :;:..; _ C. Weir at Brandy Station; T. t-I. Brown at the
Wilderness; J. A. Alexander, J. A. Epps, H.
SimtT1cns, E. ]. Wilson were wounded, and T. F. Todd (living s611 in Athens) was wounded eight titnes; George McElhannon and W. B. Tuck and E. J. \VilscJn died in service.
This cornpany enrolled 147 men.

234
-::\"ext in order of ti111e after Deloney's Cornpany came the Mel! Rifles, which Dr. P. H. Mel! had raised for enlistn1ent, but d01nestic affliction detaining hin1 at hon1e, he resigned the con1n1and to Capt. Tho1nas U. Camak.
This co1npany "\vas attached to Cobb's Legion and was kno\vn as Camak's Con1pany. The follo\ving is its n1uster roll on leaving for \Tirginia:
Captain, Thos. LJ. Camak; rst Lieut., John B. Cobb; 2nd Lieut., Robert II. Gooc-ltnan; 3rd Lieut., Richard J. \'Vilson; rst Sgt., James F. Wilson; 2nd Sgt., VYi1lian1 .1\. \\Tinn; 3rcl Sgt., \Yillicun .\. Ci1Idancl; 4th Sgt.. Samuel P. }(cnney; rst CoL, G. \V. Harber; 2nd Cor., J. F . .fdattox; 3rd Cor., Bcnjatnin J\Iell; 4th Cor., J. B. House.
Privates-E. J. Aiken, - Abbott, .-\. ""\dair, I. J. Barrett, J. L. Tiarrett, \:V. ]. Brittain, D. L.
11utler. 1'hos. Butler, Jack Henton, \Vn1. Dradbcrr;.. Juc1 Bird, \V1n. Crow, \V. T. Carter, Jos. Coole }f. Cook, C. D. Cook, Sin1eon Crow, E.
Ct-oft, !\L TL Cald\\-cll. T-L J. Childers, Jno. Dos-
ter, vV. T. Delay, Joel Dean, F. Doster, Jack Fdwards, G. C. Fitzpatrick, H. II. J<'reeman, Cody Fowler, J. \V. Gilleland, ]. G. Gray, J. S. J-louse, A. G. I-Iaygood, G. T. Highland, San1 Ilnclson, J. T. lialc, T. Ivcy, J. R. Jol11:son,
}. \\".Johnston, J. 0. Jarrett. \Vhitson Jarrett,
\\'. T-I. Kirkpatrick. ]. F. KenneY. \V. 11. Led-

235
Letter, Thos. Ledbetter, Lucas 1-1. Lan1pkin, J. LeSeur, J. C. Mattox, J. F. Moon. v\'. L. :\Iartitl.
Thos. ".)..Jabry, ]antes C. Ne,\rton, ..:-\lonzo C. New~ LQn, Q. L. Nabers,~ E. Nunn, T. :\unn, \V. J). Payne, C. I-I. Payne, \V. P. Pittn1an. Jno. Park.
J H. Smith, M. !3. Smith, J. J\L Smith, vV. Stapler, I-Ienry Sin1s, n. Spinks, Jas. Sikes,,\... F.
Tolbert. \Y. U. Tolbert, F. Tiller. T. l-1. \Vhitc.
1\. F. \Vhite, vV. J. \\Tilson, Jas. \V. \Vhite.
This cornpany's first engagetnent "\Yas at Cran1pton's Gap, -.,vhcre as pari of Cobb's l1ri~
gacle they suffered heavy losses. In this battle.
the wounded \Verc Capi- Can1ak. S. P. Kenney.
JVL B. Caldwell, Henry Childets, A. F. Tolbert.
~1nd the killed \\ere !kn .\fell. "\f. Cud)-. Cod)
Fowler. J. E... Croft, 1\. G. J-Iaygood, G. T. I~Hg-h1''\'cr. J. F. Lennc_':. J . .\!t.llanno11 and !~nnYcll
Yerby
.\t Chanccllorsville, Lieut. Gilleland lost an
<1nn. J. Benton, \V. S. DT artin, John Parks and Lieut. J)ick \Vilson \YCrc "\\'OlUHlcc1. E. J..\iken. \\. T. Dela_\, 1'. Ledbetter. /.a..._h L. :\'alv)rs. J. Jl.
Hiclling were killed. G. \V. Freen1an was killed
al Sharpsburg.
.\t Gettysburg, Capt. Can1ak and Frank Ti11cr
''--ere killed and J. T. Mattox and W. T'. Cartel
wounded .
.\t the vVilclerncss, J. S. House, J. 0. Janel'.
1-:.' ::\"unu and E. Shaq)e were killed .
. \t Spottsylvania, Joel Dean, VV. D. Payne

236
"\Vere wounded and J. Edwards killed. W. J.
Brittain and \V. II. I<::irkpatrick "\Vere captured at Fisher's FEll and died in prison. B. L. But1ei" and F. H. vVhite were killed at Horseshoe.
\V. fl. Ledbetter \Yas kiliecl ai Chicka1nauga. . \t f(noxvillc. Capt. YV. ~\. "\Vi11n, 'rhos. nutlc~: (,. C. I<'itzpatrick were killed and Lieut. }atnes F. \\~ilson and .\ . . \dair wounded. "\V. Stapler,
]1., and W. Suddeth were killed and J. H. House
and John \V. Gilleland captured. Jcny G. Gray was captured at Ftont Royal.
I. J. Barrett, J. Benedict, J. Cook, J. Doster, H. H. Freeman, J. C. Glower, J. LeSeur, Vv.
Ledbetter, A1onzo C. Ne,vton, W. Nix, T. Nunn,
James Sikes, N. Thornton, G. Tiller, J. Sweeney, W'. A. Sims, J. A., J. H. and J. M. Smith, W. Stapler, Sr., \'I. \'Villiams and W. J. Wilson all
died in hospital. This co1npany enrolled 134 men.
CHAPTER XXIX.
Perhaps no company in the ann~r saw ha1der fightiug than the Johnson (~nards. co;nmandcd by Capt. Samne1 P. Lumpkill ancl attached 1,1 the 44th Ga. Regilnent, Doles Brigade.
Its officers were Sa1n. P. Lumpkin, Captain; W. B. Haygood, Ist Lieut.; A<~t.-...ll'Y T-L Jackson,
2nd Lieut.; J. \V. _l_{:=avcs Jrd I....i~~:rt. It enrolled
145 n1en.

i
'
237
Its l~ .. ts of battks conp:isc.:; everyone that was fought after thei:r ;-trrt' -ltl jn Virgir:.ia. Its Jist of casualties is so great that I hesitate to write it down. Of its officers, Capt. Lurnpkin was lFOtnotnl to Colonel, and v,-as lllOl"{all.Y vvoundecl at Gettysburg. Captain f Iaygoocl "\Yas \VUtnHlecl at Sharpsburg, lost an arn~ at Gettysburg, and was captured. Lieut. Reaves \\as killed at Gaines' .:'dill. [_,icuL :'\. IL Duc1-Jatn was wounded at Chancellors ville ancl captured at Spottsylvania; l.icut \V. C. \Villian1s kilkd at Chanccllorsvillc; Lieut. :C. I3. Spinks captnred at Fisher's 1-Hll; l.1eut. ::\-1oon at Spottsylvauia .
. \t Caines :\1111, D. I L :\lalcomh. Lc\Yis Leste1. ]. H.. /\ycock, L. C. Cooper. \\. ~1. Elder, S. Carden, T. 11'1. Hall, vV. B. Jones, G. A. Nolan, and "\. C. Osburn \\'c;.rc \\uwuled. J n this san1e desperate fight W. F. Adams, J. M. Butler, Jas. H. Daniel, H. Doolittle, J. Glover, H. M. Kidd, John }.1Iurrah, \V. A. Robertson, R. E. Royster and P. l\1. Stewart \vere killed. M. ]\1Iooney was
killed and J. E. Thmnas wounded ai .:\lalvLrn
I Till. At Sharpsburg, G. \\T . .A.utrey was wounded
and capinrcd and \V :\1. Elde1. \\'. \\. llm1;_ wounded. N. L. Johnson was killed.
At Gettysburg, \V. TT. Bishop, Le'-'vis Lester, } \V . .:\TeRce, F. ::\L Daniel. Ed Cleason. \\fAT.
()sbun1, FTenr.y C. Puss. \V. Pu1lnot f'J'cre

238
wounded. Ceo. Tiller was captured and died
in prison. At Chancellorsville, \V. P. Bearden, \V. L.
Big-gs, C. L. Burger, ]. Y.l. Davenport, David D. Elder. Ed Cleason. r\. D. Griffeth. Tolbert -:\.
Lester, J. W. :Miller, T. J. Moseley, W. P. Moseley, A. J. Pickerell, T. J. Simonton were all
-..youndcd and G. \V. }(_lutts. f). \\'. CTiffcth. 11.
n- )laxcy. ]no. Daniel, killed.
At the Wilderness, W. J. Whitehead lost a leg; \V. P. Dearden, L. C. Cooper, J. J. Griffeth, K. F. Hunt, J. R. Langford were wounded.
A. L. Deavers was killed at Front Royal;
T'. J. Moseley at Cedar Creek; C-. W. Nunnally at Petersburg; T. J. Sin1onton at Gettysburg.
At Spottsylvania, W. N. Autrv, :--J. J. Daniel, C. A. Dicken, W. E. Elder, D. E. Huff, J. P.
Huff, \V. \V. Hunt, B. C. Langford, E. S. Lester, F. M. McRee, J. R. McRee, W. H. Bishop, P. W. J\iiller, W. C. Nunnally, H. C. Poss, J. B. Fulnot, L. vVhitehead, D. J. Willoughby were captured and Hunt, Ntn1na1l:;r and VVhite:head
C::ied in prison. C. Sanders and J. W. Vickers
"\\'Cre "\VOunded and H. \Vhitehead and S. T. )f axcy killed.
F. J\.1. Daniel was killed at Winchester; R 1?.. ::\fcRee captnrcd at Strasburg: \\r_ ).[ont-
gomery at Hagerstown;\ ]. ]. 'Thornton Vi' as
'vounded at Thornton's Gap; ]. Pulnot at \Vinchester; N. ]. Daniel was killed and J\T. F. I-:Iunt

239
and J. W. :Miller wounded at Cedar Creek.; W. P. J\1cRee was wounded at Snickers Gap and at Petersburg.
Of the enlisted men, J. H. Jackson, J. c\.
~-\datns, J. P. Biggs. ..:-\. Burger, D. R. Dutler, Il. F. Carter, Vv. East, W. D. Edwards, W. T Giles, J. vV. Hunt, W. P. McWhorter, B. T. Owen, J. J. Chven, II. Sin1onton, T. J. Thon1pson, A. \iVhitehead, S. J. \Vilcoxson and W. W.
\Villoughby died frmn disease and all of the1n died in the first year of their enlistment.
The Highland Guards were officered by: Captain, William S. Grady; 1st Lieut., John R. Hayes; 2nd Lieut., John M. Phinizy; 3rd Lieut., B. F. Jackson; rst Sgt., C. A. Jones; :ond Sgt., H. W. Edmondson; 3rd Sgt., Wm. Marr; 4th Sgt., Peter Wei!; 5th Sgt., \V. B. Bass; rst Corp., A. Adkins; 2nd Corp., J. vV. Queen; 3rd Corp., I. H. Schevenell; 4th Corp., F. M. Hadley. This cornpany enrolled I 35 men, about fifty of whom can1e from Western North Carolina, where Captain Grady was well known. The com.pany was attached to the 25th N. C. Regilllent, Ranson1's Brigade. Capt. Grady was promoted to the rank of .\Jajor and was killecl at Petersburg. Lieut. I--Iayes resigned on account of disability and John ~1. Phinizy became Captain. The reports of cas11alties in this company are

240
very n1eagre. Lieut. Jackson was wounded at 1\lalven~ Hill. and A.. Adkins, G. Garland, C. Lackcrby, \V. Runyon, were killed
:\t Pctct-sbnrg, R. Darton, Lorenzo I;i n1, San clers Colbert, vV. Gales, L. Harris, T. McAIIis-
tct, cvr. Parks, vV. J. Weatherford, J. Williams
and George Wright were killed. J. Blackburn,
and ( -;._ Raisun ,n;rc killed at Fn:dcricksburg. The 25th North Carolina did some stubborn
fighting and the casualties in this c01npany must have been n~uch heavier than we have any 1 ecord of. In its ranks were Peter W eil, George Center, George Bass, Totn Childers, Leonard Schevenell and vV. D; vVilliams. Tom Tolbert YYas wounded five times once in a very peculiar 'vay.
CHAPTER XXX.
When Cbattanooga was evacuated by the Confederates the situation Degan to look serious for Georgia and the "stay at homes" began to organize for defence.
One company was formed fron1 the operatives in the factories and machine shops. They elected for their Captain, James V/hite, and for
Lieutenants, Peter Culp, E. J. McCall and J. V.
A...dkins. They nun1bered IIO 1nen and R .. L.
n1oon1fid(L H.euben ~ickerson an(l YV. J. TvJorton
were privates.

r
241
Edward P. Lun~pkin organized the Wilson Lumpkin Artillery, known as Lun1pkin's battery, composed for the 1nost part of disabled n1en, cxemrJts and boys not yet old enough to enlist. The officers were: E. P. Lun1pkin, Capt.; Cicero \Veir, rst Lieut.; \V. H. Morton, 2nd Lieut.; Sam Pruitt, 3rcl Licnt. \Y. ll~ Hodgson, !1er-
aard Franklin, J. J. Turnbull, E. R. Hodgson,
John Hil111ps. John Frierson. Singleton Lucas. Jack Weir and Colun1bus \;Vilkerson were among its men1bers.
IVIajor Ferdy Cook organized the 1nen who \1 ere employed in the Confederate annory into a battalion. They nntnbercd about t1vo hun dred.
The "Oconee Rangers" was a company of cava1ry conmtandccl hy john C. Tnnwr. Captai1:
James R. Lyle, rst Lieut.; J. 0. Thrasher, znd Lieut.; J. J. Thomas, 3rd Lieut.; Stephen Elliott, Jr-. and Sergcanb. \\'. J . ..\Inrtr-n, ',\. !T. TTulL
"\V. C. Weir. It was attached to Too1nb's Regin,ent.
The ''Lumpkin Artillery" never went further than the hill at Princeton Factory, but they saved Athens from a hostile invasion, as the following incident will show :
Gen. IIorace Capron 1net John I--I. Christy in Washington after the war, and learning that he was from Athens, said "I was once at Watkinsvjlle, but never at Athens." "Why, how did you

242

get to \Vatkinsville without going through Athens?" said ~Jr. Christy. ..\VeiL" replied Cen.

Capron, "In r864 I was one of Stonen1an's brigade which was scattered through that country and we came to a river near Athens~ on the other side of which a battery of artillery was placed which fired at us. We supposed it was supporteel by a strong force and retired."

T'he "Lipscomb Volunteers" was formed tDainIy of the resigned artillery men. F. W. 1\dams was elected Captain, and the Lieutenants were: John C. Moore, Robt. H. Goodman and G. W. Barber; Sergeants, Wi1lian1 !Zing, A. G. Turner, Thos. Crawford, T. N. Epps, T. A. Adams; and Corporals, W. H. Hodgson, E. S. Hnll, G. A. Gilmore and B. \V. Parr made up the non- COITImisioned roll.

An1ong the privates were A.. A... Lipscon1b, W. H. Waddell, Henry Bensse, L. Flisch. John Han1pton, W. V. P. Hodgson, Prince I-Iodgson, W. L. Jones, D. M. Kenney, A. J. Lamar, H. A. Lowrance, G. W. Mason, W. T. Moon, J. M. Nicholson, C. Vv. Parr, John Potts, William Rutherford, W. N. White, P. Wray, E. II. Vonderleith and A. M. Scudder.

Of these companies I shall have s01nethlng more to say.
Besides those already enun1eratecl, there were

\
r

about one hundred n1en fr01n i\thens enlisted jn

other co1nn1ands. There were Lamar Cobb,

243
I..:obert Th01nas, John A. Cobb. John \\' . .:'\i:.holson, R. L. ).loss on Gen. Cohh"s staff, a;1.d
Doctors Ja111cs Can1ak, Crawford \\'. Long. R. ~\f. Smith, J oscph n. Cadton, Cicero Holt, E. 11
::\cvYton, surgeons in other rcgin1cnts. Frank Tiill was Colonel of the rst Ga. Regulars. Dianton A. 1-Iill was ::\1ajor of an }-\labama Regiment and was killed at Deep Dottorn, Va. Thos. ':.:. Dtllups, VVilliatn }:fenry !-lull and John Bird wel"c in the 5th Georgia Cavalry; Jarnes l\T. !-lull '-\c:.'it~ the Chathan1 .\rtillcry and died in r8h4; nraincrd Pah11cr and S. D.T. :Hunter in rst Ga. H.cgulars; Frank A. LipscotDb was in a ::\Jary land rcgin1cnt and A. L. I-f ull and \ 1ictor Sn1ith ir the Engineer Corps.
Prof. \Vash joined }forgan's Cavalrv and \Villic Chase "\Vas killed with the ?\Tississippians ;'lt Franklin. E(hvard W. I--full -..vas T..,.iePtcnant in the 8th Georgia and afterwards on Gen. Bate'5 staff. Harvie Hull was Captain in Stovall's brigade. ja1nes Darrow, who was a cadet at \Vest Point when the war began, \vas Lieutenant
Colonel and \Vas killed at Ocean Pond. J illt
~lcCleskcy \vas a Lieutenant in the Georgi<l Cadets. Jep Rucker and Tom I-fan1ilton were in the c;ame battallion and Ton1 \:vas wounded at ( )concc Rridge. Fred Lucas enlisted with nreckenridge's Cavalry.

244
CHAPTER XXXI.
Son1e of n1y readers tnay find this long array of nan1cs not interesting. Not so vvith 111e. Iv1any of those n1en I knew and the tnention of ti1cir nan1es bring up men1ories of other days \\-hich throw a halo about thetn. I recall how they looked as they n1archcd, new uniforrnecl,with alert step, full of life and vigor, and how they stopped to speak the good-bye word; how, afterw arcls, they toiled on the forced march tatteretl, half shod, half starved; ho"\v they went bravely into battle and how sotne can1e ottt bloody and faint and son1e lay dead.
] know of no published record of the nustC1" tolls of these con1panies, or of their casnalt7.es. It is due these brave 1nen that their nan1es should be preserved. It is a great honor to hn.ve been '-'" true Confederate soldier~ and I deeJn it a privilege to aid in recording these names where posterity rnay read them..
The population of Clarke county, according to the census of r86o, was I 1,21R. Of these s-679 were negroes and 5.539 whites, and of this uun1ber at least two-thirds were won1en and cbildren. According to this estimate, there were I,.')IJ wfiite n1en and boys in Clarke county, of whom 1,300 went into the army. Sixteen per cent. of these were wounded, eleven per ct.~nt. were killed and ten per cent. died fron1 disease-thirty-six per cent put lwrs d1t combat.

\
'(
I

245 Summary of Los!".es in Companies from Clacke Co.

Corupany.
Troup Artillery Athens Guards Clarke Rifles

.c
:il .
~
"'
.2G/
.. . 1-1-0 .. ... !"50

~

~~

~

~

23

4G

17

5,1

29

~ ~

c~

~
'-'

39 21 1G

Deloney's Cavalry .... HiS

14

11

J.j

Hitch's Cavalry ..

.. UI

Mell Rifles .....

.131

lG

30

22

Johnson Guards

... . ] 45

51

30

18

21

Highland Guards

. ] 35

11

Other Companies

. 100

6

Total
* Unknown.

.13'36 '218 150 l:H

And yet these percentages were low as CL\111pared with the losses in son1e regin1ents d~1ring the war. The rst Texas lost 83 per ce.1t. at Sharpsburg. In a charge at Gettysbuq~ a part of the rst Minnesota lost 82 per cent. and 111 the 26th North Carolina at Sharpsburg only "34 out of 87 rncn escaped, a loss of 95 per cent. These are instances of the desperate fighting between

246
p;cn of valor in the great war. . \thcns gave to the anny t\YO :!'vlaj<ll- Gcnl'tals.
HenYell Cobb ancl },J. L. S1nith, and one Brigadier General, Thon1as R. R. Cobb, and if we count 11cnry R. Jackson, who was born and .srent 11is 1) )~hood Il(TC. ,,-e 1nay claim another.
Of the conll11ands \\hich went from this 'ounty, Sanntcl P. Ltu11pkin. f-T. C. Bill up~. \V.
<. Deloney. Thos. L_~. Camak, Frank I fill. 11ar-
ring-ton King and P. H. ::\[ell bccan1e Colonels. C'obb's 1~cgion \\as originally composed of s01diers in the three branches of .'-'ervicc artillcr infantry and cavalry. Col. Cobb mustered in :tt \'orkt0\\"11 one battery of artilicr~. SC\'Cll companies of infantry and four troops of cavalrv. The 1 ,cgion was in fact a brigade and the Culonei had JHetty hard \YOrk when Cencral ::\lagrnclcr ordered a thcss parade to drill his men in :-luec different kinds o:f tacl~cs.
Cobb's Brigade was con1ntanclecl b_\ -=;en. TToweli Cobb until he was ordered to Geoc6a, ,,lien Col. Thos. R. R. Cobb. whose L<-gi<':1 \\as a part of that b1igadc, was pron1otcd t0 its comnnncl.
\\'hen C:cneral f,~Cc's army \\-:1.'-' .;;;cattcrcd horn ! larpcrs Ferry to [-lagcrstowlJ. (~e'I. \lcCkllan ~cnt 14.000 men to relieve the for1.nc~ pbcc by ,,ay of Crampton's Gap. Cobb's Brigade, \\;ith 'l'ronp Artillery and a few \-irginia cavalry. in all 2.200 n1en, were ordered to hold the Cap.

247
Thcv were attacked bY 6,soo Federal.... Jt \Yas <-t :-;a-crifice made neccs~ary~ in order to clda:, the enemy Lmiil Ceneral Lee could get his sca!:t'~rcd divisions together. 'I"hc brigade was l)adly t:nt HI' but held t.l1cir ground until tLey \'-ere CJ\'Cr\Yhelmecl and driYCll back. l~ut they savccl f .. cc,_, ann: hom being- cnt in two. .'\i FrcdCIicksburg Cobb's nrigade dcfcndec1 the position behind the ~\one \Yall fron1 which fourteen l<'crleral btigaclcc:; ,,ere successively driven back witl1 a loss of cight t.hnnsand men. There (~en. ThonFts E. R. Cobb \Yas killed .
. \t Ft-cde1ickshnrg Troup ~\rt.illc1y firc(l the si.~nal gun \Yhich opened tl1e batik ancl to that company too ';yas assigned the honot of firing the signal gun \Y1Jich preceded Pickett's chrtrgc at Cettyshurg. :\t Crampton's Gap the co1npDny lost eigllte:cn horses ancl nearly all its guns "\n~re disabled.
Cohhs Legi0n Cavair:' were ~plcntlicl fighters ancl Ccnetal IIan1pton said of them nith pardonable pride. "Tt 'vas the best rcgim.ent in either ~1nny. :\""nrtil or Sonth." '\t Brand~- Station as Ccn. Lee was preparing to achance into Pennsylvania, twelve thousand Fedetal caYalry attacked Jch Stuart and "\Yere about to OYenYhclm Jun. I I is batteries nf horse artillen- llad been c;:1pturccl ancl the ftg-ht had asswncd the character of a n1elee '-Yith every 111a11 for himself against t\\o ell- tl1rec nf the en em~-.

248
_-\..t this juncture Pierce Y~otu~g can1e upon the field with Cobb's Legion Cavalry and charged at full speed, cutting and slashing with sabres. dra-.vn, carrying everything before then1. The repulse bccatne a rout and in wild disorder the Fedetals fled to the refuge o their batteries. One of the 1nost gallant of their soldiers was \Yillie Church, Adjutant of the regin1ent. I-Ic was struck nineteen titnes during the war, ancl no less than nine of the enen1y arc said to have fcdlen under the strokes o his sabre.
. -\t ~rrevillian's. Cnl. Deloney fought a duel \Yith sabres with a Federal sergeant and unhorsed him, but at Gettysburg he was attacked by four of the cncn1y and would have been killed hut for T-Ienry E. Jackson, who ca1ue to his relief and saved his life.
CH:\P1'ER XXXII.
P1ofessor \\"illian1 D. \Vash ancl \Yillian1 ::\[. Chase both enlisted in l\Iississippi regitnents. I ~oth behaved with conspicuous bravery at the battle of Franklin -.vhere \i\lillie Chase '\vas killed on the top of the breastworks. 2'-'Ir. \Vash joined :\forgan's cavalry and at Cynthiana and Callatin "a;e; noted for his gallant conduct. Ffe was captltred in 1863 and died in prison. ~\ cotnrade "Tote of hin1. "}fc knew no fear. 1 haYC nu hesitation in saying he was the bravest man I

249
ever saw, as cool in battle as if he did not know what was going on. .At Cynthiana, I<y., he \vent ahead of his cornmand arn.icl a sho,vcr of bullets and n1indecl thcn1 no 1Dorc than a sunln1clsbowcr. ~'-\ t Gallatin, Tenn... he clist1nguishcd hiiTisclf by coolness and bravery."
~Iajor Grady was a prosperous rncrchan! and a man of gTcat integrity of character. I-f c \vas converted in the revival of 1857 and bccanl.C an earnest Christian. The \vritcr was sent to hin1 early one monling with a rncssagc and found tbc fatHily at prayers and the ~Iajor praying with unction. Breakfast was ready at h01ne and the pallgs of hungct got hold upon me, but ".\ IL Grady would not let up. I conlcl hear hin1 distinctly in the next roon1. l-Ie prayed for everything in town, then for Europe, /\sia, and the Islands of the sea, and I ren1en1ber "\vondering if he bad o1c1 :!'viitchell's Atlas and was taking it page by page. :lv1ajor Grady was a fine officer and all Athens gTievecl with his fan1ily when he was ki1Iccl in one of the attacks on PetCl-sbnrg.
At- the battle of Freclet-icksburg Dick Saye, while set-ving one of the guns of Troup Artillery, .saw a shell "\vith .:1 lighted fuse fall in a few feet of hin1. Vlith the ntn1ost coolness he picked it up ancl pitd1ed it clovvn the hill where it exploded, sewing by his bravery his own life and doubtless the lives of Jnany of his cmnracles.
_-\. C. Sorrell, another tnetnber of that con1-

pany, \Yas promoted fron1 the ranks fo1 gallantry on the field and n1acle a staf-f officer.
Dr. J~chvin D. Newton, that genial co1nrade. was present at the cradle and the grave of the Confederacy. He .saw President Davis take the oath of office in ::\ Iontgmnery and \Yas surgeon in charge of the last field hospital at .\ppolnattox.
C-en . .\'I art in L. Smith was a g1acluate of \Vest Point. a classmate of Gen. Longstreet. and an r'liJ,-c,- in the old :1rnl\. H(" married -:\fiss Saral1
-:'\ishct. of :\thens, and .when he resig11ecl fron1 the L~nited States service 1nade hls hon1c in \thcn.c:
For gallant condnct at the captnre of the Cit\ (~i :\Icxico lJc \Yas brevetted with Lieutenants l ;canregard. I ~ee. l . S. Crant. and Captain;-; 1()<-:.C:l)h II<Jnkvr ;)11<1 Rol)crt E. Lee. \\'ith thctn he \\as one of the founders of the Aztec C1nb.
.\fter the fall of ~cw ()rleans, CoL Smith wa:-:: made [~rlgacJicr (;C;lcraJ and placed in COllllTlanc! o.f \ 'icksburg. I-Ie fortified the position so \Yell that \YhCll F'a1-ragut and Porter \Yith sen~nty-sc\ (1\ ships of "\Yctr and fixe tl!ousand men attackC'd. iw kept them at l)ay \"\ith l("ss than one thonsancl nwn For this rt<tllant dcfcllc:c CC'n. Smith \\G:s prmnoted to -:\Iajor General. Of bis work at \ ickslmrg. Ccne1al Pemberton \\Tnte to th..:: /'lcc.;idcnL "To :\!a.f. Cen ..:\f. L. Smith the dcfcn<.e;es of \'ic-ksbnrg- haYe been entrusted and he

251
i.~ entitled to the highest credit for the dispo:-...tlOn of his troops and the arrangen1cnts for d-2fcnse \Yhich rendered the places aln1ost intpreg-l?.able.'' At the captur~ o!' Vicksburg Ceucral Sntith \Yas paroled and rctmned hon1e. '\ ft<::r his exchange he was orclerecl to report to CcncJal Lee ancl was 111acle Chief Engineer of tl1e , \ 111;_, of ):"orthcrn Virginia. lTe established the lines ( n w1li~-h the hattk of the \\"ildcrness "\Yac; foug-ill. ;111cl the battles of Spottsylvania, 1\orth Anna, Cold I farbnr, and Petersburg were all fought on the lines which he had laid out. .At the \\'ildc:ncss he \Yas asked by Ccn. Longstrcct, who had jt:st come llpon the field. to fincl a route by whid1 he n1ig:ht tlank Hancock and \\as then ordered to lead the atiack. The Hank mo\-eJnent rolled up I l an cock as he himself said. "like a \Yet blanket." and \\as nne of tlle most brilliant strokes of thr "\\ ar.
The '"Bloody Angle" at Spottsylvania was on a part of the line which e_--;.en. Sn1ith had advised should be abandoned Ior a stronger one in th~ rear. ancl it was frorn this rear line that t"\\ o (]<:l:--s later Cen. Lee dron~ back t"\Yelve thouscuFl Federals before they got within rine range of the works.
General Sn1ith was one of the handsome.:;t of soldiers. rather reserved with strangers, btlt a111ong friend.-; \Yas genial and "\\inning. thongh neYcl nndig-nifiecl. I-f c hacl been elected Pto-

252
fessor of Civil Engineering in the university, Lut cliccl i11 J8()(i in 1\.()JllC, Ca.. \\11ile C 11ief J~-1gineer of the .i\labama and Tennessee Railroad.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
To recur to the clays \vhen the enthnsiasn1 nf the people \\as at its height, in those :;pring da.rs of r86r, business of all kinclc;; was utterly denFJraJlzecl. Stn(lcnts {ptit college. hoys ran a\\ay fron1 school, clerks resigned their places, !Tierchants closed their stores, farn~ers left th~ir ctops, to volunteer. All political pattics had united in one and with one consent. determined to uphold the independence of Georgia. ?\To one had to be begged to volunteer. VVhat the) begged \Vas arn1s for the volunteer and the volunteer begged to he assigned to duty. ?\ot tnany retnainecl bcl1ind. -:\[en over age, invalids, sonw unfit for military dttty, public officers, physicians and a few, a very few, skulkers .
.-\s the \var progressed, tin1es grew hanleL -:\fcrcl1ants began to refttsc credit and c1i:;tres:; rtncl want appeared atnong the poor- Puhli~-: meetings were held for their relief. Dr. R. D. ~Ioore advertised that l1e wonld atte-nd fan1ilies (JC soldiers. making no charge fot- nwclical set-vices.
The Paper 2\J ill v.-as burned-a loss of SrG co'-) -thro\ving 111any out of en1ploy111ent. The

r
253
Judges o-f the Inferior Court anthorized the issne of $I 5,ooo in honds by the County to relieve destitute fatnilies. and the ladies organized a Working Society with :'virs. Franklin, President, and )..fesdan1es Stovall, Lipscomb, Hoyt, 1-Tnll, Childs, Nickerson, Rutherford, ::\'litchcll, Brit-
tain, J. H. ]\Tcwton, J-T. Cobb, Baxter, Rucker
and l\l!iss Colt as Directors. fvlrs. Franklin was a n1ost ardent Southerner, taking up the lead pipe of the fonntains in l1er beautiful yan1 t,:) n:ould httllcts fo1 the soldiers. This -l.,.adics' :\id Society continuc<1 throughont the war, furnishmg clothing to soldiers and helping the destitute in every way, and the soft hands of <1clicate girls \vho had never been tanght to v,rork, ''"ere busy sewing on rough cloth and knitting- socks tu send to the boys at the front. The g-ood thcs~ patJiotic ladies accomplished cannot be estin1atcd.
To show the nnanitnity with which n1.en Vl)luntc.ered cluriug the \var, there were six Ilernrick hrotbers. seven Rradbet-r~ys, twelve Elders, eight of then1 ])rothcrs in Clarke Rifles. and ten Thornton brothers in the arn1y ftom Clarke county. Old :\Irs. none had ten sons in tl1c anny in virglnta. She wrote to General Lee in 1803. asking him to let (111e of l1er boys con1c hotTiC to tnakc her crop ancl the General replied in an antograph letter under date of April r Rth, and aftet ackno,declging- the receipt of :\ Trs. Bone's letter said, "Yo11 have set a noble example in devoting

254
your ten sons to the service of the country, and in encouraging then1 to defend thel r hotTies. \ V e need every good soldier we have in the anny. If we allo\vecl all to return who ate needed at honw >ve should soon have no country and no h01nes. I syn1pathize with you in your anxie-
tie~ and pri\ations. hut r uusi your kind neigh-
hors in the patriotic state of Georgia will not pen11it you to want while your brave sons .:11e doing their chHy tnanfully ag-ainst the encn1y.
I a1n tespectfnlly. Your obedient servant. R. E. LEE."'
n;. tlle autnn1n of 18G2 every n1an bel\veen r8 L~nd 45 years cf age had gone to the anny except a few exempts. and nmny had gone who were Luih hcln\Y and ahoyc those ag-es. The absentees \\ere n'placcd to ;.;( llllC extent hy ahnut 20~) operatiycs of Cook's .\rmory. \Yhich had hcl'l1 erected across the ri ,-er-no,\- the Check Facton.
Ferdinand Cook and his brother. under commission Irotn the Confederate Governn1ent. built ;nvl reorganized here the n1anufacto1y of ann;.; which had been destroyed with the capture of ~~ e\Y Orleans. Cnns. pistols. s\\ords and bayonets were n1acle there until the close of the \VaL ~fajor Co(Jk. \Yhose farnily occupied the late home of :\fr. 11'. \V. Luca;.;. was a n1ost hospitable man and kept cpen h(Jttsc for the refugees. .\t the sic.c:c of :-1a\-a11nah he n:cklcssly C\.pnscd him-

,.
'
<' I
l

255
self, standing on the breastworks and firing sbo~ after shot. at the cnctny will! fatal acctu-acy. until he hitnsclf fell sllol tllrough the head.
Smnc young nc~rocs, relieved of the authority of their n1astcrs, bccan1c Lroublcsmnc, and J Tope Fi1-c Con~pan)r fanned thc111selvcs into a home guard, and the boys frotn 12 to r6 orgauizcd hvu com1)auics <UJ10ttg iJ1ettJsclvcs. Tlte ccorgia Rangers" thirsted for blood under conunancl of Capt. Peyton 1<-. Hutchius, and the "Davis Life Guards,'' under Capl. John (~. Dent. were equal]_: defiant of tlH.:~ foul invader. Both cmnpanies paraded religiously in all the pn)Ccssions and escorted Lo the depot every troop that lefl for the army. Itl one week in ::\farcl1 r8(iz seven companics n1arched Lh rough Athens to Lhe seat of war. To all of thetn the Rangers did the lH>~lors uf Lhe tO\'I:n. ~-\ banner \\"as presented Lo the }.(angers by Prof. \Vlll. l-:1. \Vaddell, in behalf of the young ladies of tlle t<)\\"11. and was t~eccived with a patriotic response by Carlton I-lillyct~, a member of Lhe company.
The only case of n1ob law 'vhicll ever occnrrecl
in , \ tlJens was jn J 11ly. r8G2. \ negro belonging
to Dr. ~lacon assaullecl Llle wife of the ovcrsec1 \\ho had gone inlo Lllc arn1y, was at-rested and broug-hl to town for Lrial, in Lhc old Tov,n ITall. !,squire Kirkpatrick bound him over on his own c-onfession for trial in the Snpcrinr Court. ~o S')tmer was Lhe decision nltered Lhan the cnJ\vd

256
surged toward the prisoner, a rope was thrown around his neck and he was led across the bridge, a great crowd following, and hanged to a pine tree, about a n~ilc down the Georgia Railroad. The recollection of that wild procession tnarching clown DroaU Street, the leader with the rope it; his hand ancl the negro clutnbly following is a."' fresh as the occurrences of yesterday.
A little rnore than a year ago while excavating for the En1pire Fertilizer \Vorks, the bones of this negro were dug up and recalleU the onl:hanging this county in its present lir11its has ever known.
The newspapers reached Athens in those days about five o'clock in the afternoon. Everybody \vas accustomed to assemble on the street, and when the otnnibus carne over bringing a paper, it would be given to a good reader, who, standing on a dry goodS box, retailed the contents. VVhen .news of a battle carne, the scene was intensely clratnatic. Fathers and brothers waited bn~athlcssly to hear if their boy's nan1e '-Ya3 an1ong the killed or wounded, and if no n1ention, sighs of relief told of the relaxed tension, though anxiety still clouded their faces. i\{any can ren1en1ber vvhen the news first can1c that Joe McCleskey was killed and J. W. Reaves and George Grahan1, and Ben Mell, and Ben Carlton, and General Cobb, and Colonel Delony, and Colonel Catnak, and n1any another brave

1
~.
)

257
fellow who had left a happy hotne never to return alive.
The wonder is how the people endured the strain. The safeguard of the ""OlDen was "\vade The wants of the soldiers, the poverty of the country, the absolute destitution of all the cnnforts of life, not to speak of luxuries, rnade it necessary to resort to every shift to support life.
Business was utterly den1oralized, and all enterprises were at a stand-still, excepting the cloth n1ills; the rnerchants den1anded cash for their goods and there was great destitution. In the face of this condition of things there were n1e11 who hoarded corn and wheat and den1anded enorn1ot1s prices for thern, until the Legislature passed an act to prevent extortion.
The Southern won1an learned to do \Vithout and becatne n1ost resourceful in devising ways a~1d means. Old attics were ransacked for cast off. g;arn1ents. Old clothes were turned and dyed, and silks of ancient pattern and hon1espun cotton dresses were equally fashionable Bonnets were n1ade up of old silk dresses, adorned with feathers frotn a rooster's tail. Thick leather shoes replaced the dainty slipper, and knitted gloves and stockings were highly prized. Persinunon seeds were converted into buttons and thorns were used for hair pins.
Chicory and ground peas, potatoes and rye, "'ere substitutes for coffee, sorghun1 for sugar

258
and sassafras for tea. \ inegar \Yas made fron1 pcisi11111lOllS; pens w~rc 1nadc frotn goose quills: ink horn oak galls and the sumac berry.
Co111tnerdal tnedicincs were extrem_cly scarce, aud herbs and decoctions were resorted to fo1 the sick. (Jlcl s1nokc houses \Ycrc lc:ached for salt; nails and cotton thread \vere current articles of cxchaugc. .Dirt -fron1 beneath olcl housl~S \Vas drawn ont ancl kachcd -for nitre to 1nakc po,...-clcr. ( )ld lead pipes awl valleys were conLributcd for bullets; linen sheets went to the hospitals for bandages ; letters vvere vvritten on paper which \\nuld he thong-ht now not fit for wrapping paper. The oil latnp gave way to the tallow candle, and that in turn to the "dip," a wick string dipped in hot tallow ::-u1d wax and wound around a h-:)ttic 01 a corn cob.
Sewing and knitting ,vith busy fingers, weaving-. ntaking lint for wounds. suffering. hungry, sick the Sottiheru --;.von1an kept the home, helped tile needy, entertained the stranger. and stl-engthened the 2.bsent soldier by her pairiotistn, longing for his safe retnrn, and without a thought of peace except with honor.
Thon1as l\1clson Page in one of his essays relates the story of a letter which wa.s found in the pocket of a Georgia soldiu killed ncar Richnwnd. 1r "as frnn1 his sweetheart-poorly written and badly spdled--and sh~ said if he \vould g-et a f nrlong-h and cotne hon1e she would 111arry hirn.

259
,\nd there '\Yas ;:u1<lecl a poslscript, "'Don't con1c without a furlough, for if you don't con1e honorable, I v.ront 111arry you." And that was the spirit of the Southern wo1nen .
.\nd the\- not only financed the fan1ily's support \Vithout 1110ney, but they 111anagcd the fan1ily's business without it, for Confedl':rate n\oncy suun becanw as plentiful as blackberries
in Jnne, but worth less. It becan"le a basis
rather than a 111cdiurn of exchange, and its value so constantly depreciated that no one knew when he took it today what it would buy totnorrow.
Fan11ers who had the products of the fan11, haclno indnccnlUTls to sell thcrn for cash, though they were quite ready to exchange then1 for other con1n1odities. Nails, leather and factory thread always cornn~anded an exchange. The following quotations look startling when C0111pared \Vith those of today. They are prices actually paid for the provisions
Bacon, per pound $7.00; Lm-d, per pound $h.oo; 'rallow, per pound, $-t-50; Peas, pCl busheL s; r 5.oo ; S\Yect Potatoes per bush. $15 .oo ; Onions per lntshd ~50.00; Flonr per bb1. $3oo.oo; 1 IIan1. $4-o.oo; Beef, per lb, $2.oo; nutter per pound. $6.8o; Brown Sugar, $6.oo, Corn, per bushel, $20.00; Vv'hea.t. per bushel, $25.00; J rish Potatoes S2o.oo; ::\1eal, $Jo.oo; Fodder, per 100 lbs .. $15.00; Salt, per peck, $r.oo.
Eady in 1865 the "rite1 "\vas sent to _'-\ugusl,1

260
nith dispatches I<)l- Cen. Rains, and 011 the "\\ay JJunght Ior a lunch a pint of g-round peas for S2 ;:md five ging-er cakes as big as hiscnits for $5. \ g-rey jackeH of \Yoolen cloth (not jeans). cost ~ I.JO. and the only way to get a pair of bocJL:i \\as to capture them. 1t used to he .'iaid that 1 \\ onwn \YC11t shopping \Yitll a wh~-:-elhan(\V to carry her 111011ey in and hrought her package" h1 nne in her pocketbook. 1 t 111ay be imagined \\hat destitution prevailed among the ponr and "\\ lwt suffering alllong those o the heiter clas:-; \\-ho cnnld not blJOr and _n_'t \\hose support was
_L;(lJ1e.
~one hut those \\ho passed through those years of want can i.maginc the distress of the poor Confederates. And yet as compaxecl wlti1 man~- othet comnnlnitics . . -\thens "\\-;h -the hon1e ot" plenty. for though the Federals "\\ere ail around w; at different tin1cs. the toVd1 \Yas ncn~r it~ their hands until after Lee's surrender. :\fa11 re fngees sought home.s here \Yhcn driven frm~1 other cities. The 1-Iugers. tl1e I-folmes, Cret\\. fords, l\..ennccl} s. \Yilki11s and Dcas from ~C\v ()rleans, Cen. ::\lartin'.s family frotH .:\[ississipp;, the 'frezvants from ~[etnphis, the Postclls and ~crcven.'-; Irmn Savannah. and the Schlatter;.; frOtH !;rt111S\\'ick, the narnwells fronl the Coast.

26l
and 1nany olhets1 found a wcknlllC in our n1idst, ;md lbc '.:xcrciscs of Lhe College having lwcn snspcndcd the dormitories \\ere LhnJ\\ 11 upcn ic) the refugees.
::\ f<-my of these ladies were attractive addition,<; t\) Lhe society of the tO\\ n, and despite the cloud that Jnmf..:: oYer the country man) incxpcnsiYc bul channing entertainments \\ (TC given ihcnl.
Stern cynics condcl1lncd this f.',-aid) at a titnc \dll.:n the cutmily was fn11 oi sorro\Y and smnctimcs in the midst of Lhc ~..~otillnn the news of <:t baiLie and the n1ortal \YOund of a brother or .c;onw dear friend was heard. l~ut had tht..:r-c aoL been some relaxation of the strain, wotncn would have bccutne insane. _-\nd these liitlc plcasun:s enabled thern lo enter upon lhe nc;.;:t day cheerfully and with a ne\V energy to take np the \York which the necessities of the times forced thcn1 tn do.
_\fter the retreat fr01n Gettysburg and tl1e fall of \ -icksblng and Chattanooga, the people of _\ Lhcns became alanned for their O\Vl1 ,<;afety. I'ublic Jneclings \Vere held and a Con11nittce of Safety \\as appointed empo\\Tred to org-anize the remaining citizens into co1npanies for home defense. 'This coJmnittee was cmnposcd of John I~illnps, _\sbury Hnll, Dr. Bcnry 1 tull. Juniu.s
l-lill:er. \Vi1lian1s Rutherford, J. Jf. Christy. \V. L. ~Iitchc11, R. D. :\foore. l I. H.. J. Long, S.
1~ Thoma.c,. F. \V. C. Cook.

262
Dr. P. li. .iVlcll was requested to act as Colonci. The "\Vilson Lumpkin .A.rtillery," Captain E. 1). Lmnpkin, the "LipscOinb \lolunteers," Capt. _F \V. Adan1s, and the "'Oconee Rangers," Captai~1
J C. Turner, were organized, besides two coin-
panics of the detailed men in the Arn1ory to "\d1ich reference has been made.
'J'hcsc companies were n1ustered in for six 1nonths for ihe defense of the State-the infc~ntry in Col. ~1ell's regi1nent and t11e cavalry i:' Col. Toombs"-and v.;ent into can1p.
_\fter digging trenches at Ron1C for awhiL~ against which they protested becanse it n1adc their backs ache, the Governor sent then1 to :3aYannah, and after they \vcre well rested, they canlC hon1e. Desides the companies narned, <". Lattery of artillery under Dr. R. D. l\Ioore as Captain was organized, and of the can1ps on Carr's :Hill, and Sandy Creek ridge, and J-lo1scy's hill, and the n1arching to and fro of this battery, the writer has a distinct recollection.
The h\o cmnpanies frmn the /\.xmcry dicl son1e good fighting at Griswoldville and Savannah lvhile ineffectually opposing Shennan's raid through Gemgia, and lost several n1en killed and wounded. 'rhey were complimented for their behavior by Gen. Gustavus \V. S1nith in his official report.
_[\_ nun1ber of others \Vere enrolled in a cmnpcmy attached to Col. 1\nclre\'V Young's regin1ent,

263
of which Clovis G. Taln1aclge was Adjutant and John E. Talmadge, A. G. Elder and R. B. Hodgson n1en1bers. Col. Young, a tnan o great finn~ ness, cormnanded this regirDent o State troops, encam.pecl for a titTle at the old fair ground. I-Ie had need of a portable forge and snrith's tools for shoeing his horses, and the only one to be
found was owned by Mrs. J. C. Orr. Under his
authority to impress such things for tnilitary use the Colonel sent a den1ancl for the forge. His report to Gen. Howell Cobb in relating this incident says: "Tvfrs. Orr refused to surrender the forge and said I could not have it except across her dead body. I have sent a wagon for the forge ,vith orders to shoot :='virs. Orr if necessary to get it." Then a postscript: "The wagon has com.e with the forge, the necessity of the case not rec1uiring the shooting of ::\Irs. Orr."
In July, r864, part o Stoner11an's brigade trying to rejoin the Federal ~\nny, can1e within a fe\v 111iles of 1\thens, but being o11o";,ed by a brigade of cavalry under Col. \V.. P. C. Breckin ridge, afterwards a distinguished n1c1nber of Congress frorn I.:::.entucky, were captured in Jackson County, and 430 n1en with horses and anns \vere brought into town, and for three or funr days kept under guard on the Ca111pus before heing sent to Andersonville. This \Vas a time oF great exciten1ent. It -..vas the nearest approach to war the town had ever known. Soldiers

264
~llHl carnps and Yankees. \\itll all the accompaniJl'cnts, left 110 ro0111 for anything else, and the whole cotlununity turned out to spread a banquet i:1 the chapel for the gallant J(cntnckians. the scraps (rOJn which \\Tn: sent (_h)\nl to the prisOJH~ts, whu were glad en ought to get the111. _\n incident in connection with this capture is in<:clihly impressed upon 1ny mc1nory. For a \Ycck after the Kentuckians had gone. p1isoncrs \\ere bn 'ught in one at a tin1e hom the cnnntry around and a111011g thcn1 \\as an Jrish1nan fresh f1om the FlllLTald L-Je. The 1 )ruvost .\Iarshal's office ,,as uP J;road ~trcct o\eJ ::\1cCurd_:-.r's beef 1narket. \\ 'hile this prisoner was seated on the steps vcr~ much exhausted h_\- hunger and exposure, patiently awaiting his fate, there ca1ne blustering up a man clothed with the b1icf anthorit_y of a bomb proof position and gave the poot Yankee such a cursing as f neve1 heard bef01e or since and ended by kicking- hin1 as he went up the steps. Boy
a.c; r \\"<:lS r boiled OYer \Yith indignation and I felt
like apologizing to the prisoner fot the whole State of Georg-ia; and I never sa\V that 1na.n after\':ards~~llld he lived twenty yeats after the war-that f did not sa:v to n1yself "there goes a CU\Vard.''
Shortly after this) ..c\thcns became 2- tnilitary pust, Gen. A. \;\/_ Reynolds taking co!llmand. Gen. Eeynolds bad an able staff {) volunteer aids, \Yho were conspicuous at ail tl:c cntertainmenls.

,

265
J Jc ohscrvcd bank hours strictly. and \Yotthl atil'nd to no business before 9 or after 2 o'clock. T'he only thing he ever (lid \Yas tu 1ccovcr <Ht u~d horse \\hicll was stolen {tmn a citizen. [t \\ras his good fortune:-. ho\\'cver to h<(\T been as signed to so (ltlic:-t a to\vn as .\_ihcn~.

CII.\P'f'lcR XXX\-_

The '".},Iitcl1ell 'J'hundcrbolts" ,,-as a home

guarcl co1npany named l1kc the "L_,ipscotnb \roi-

t,rctccrs" fnnll a distiuguishccl pri\ate in the

r~1 nks.

It ,,as an unique organization. They organiz-

ed strictly for h01nc defense a11d positively rc-

ft~scd to obey orders from

They recog-

nized no supc1inr officc.;r.

right u f criticistn

\Yas rcscrv('.cl to c:-vcry ntctnhc1 of the Compan:.

and objections to t1H~ tactics \\ere freely of-

fci-ccl ancl cliso1ssccl.

L-:"n1brc1las 0-nd walking canes \\-err: permitted

in ranks and one at least of the private~

brought his negro rnan along to carry his gun

and cartridg-e box. The co1npany was nan1ecl for

-:\lr. \Vi1lia1n 1.-. I\Jitcbell, \Yho though a private

freely gave advice to the officers and by the or-

ig-inality of his suggestions n1ade pastitne of the

perils of l.var.

'rhe admirable sketch oi the ThuncledJOlts

\\Titten by :\Tr. 'rhos. \A/. Rcccl son1e years ago

266
i:~ so descriptive of this historic cotnpany that I t:d-cc the liberty o inserting it here.
1~he civil war lnought forth a nutnbet of uni(FlC organizations, but none n10re so than a nlilitary cmnpany fanned in the classic city o _Athens Ga., and known as the ".:\'[itchell Thunderbolts." I?ron1 the nmnc one 1night readil~ infer that it was a cmnpany made up of fierce and savage tnen, eager for the fray and ready at all tin1es to ravage and slaughter; yet such was not the case, for in all their eventful career no harn1 was done to a hmnan being, no property ,,as seized and not one drop of blood si;Iined their spotless escutcheon.
The Thunderholts at the close of the \Var prided ihetnselves on a history possessed by no other con1pauy on earth. They had perfonned their every duty and hence their consciences wete dear; they had carr1ec1 every purpose for which they were organized and \Vere consC:'queHily one of the .fevv cmnpanies to whom absolute succe~s can1c; they hacl handled firearms, it is true, but l'ad never shot one single tirne at a human being; they had heard of the enetny, but no blueeoat had e\er poked a gun in their faces; not a single n;eJuber had been killed, wounded, or onncl missing, and no n1an or one n1o1ncnt could question their undoubted bravery. ~-\lthough they discharged their duties n1ly their tFl11Ies never fonncl their way to tllc pension roll and not a

,
r
t
I
'
I
r
l

267
penny \vas ever clra-..vn by then1 frotn the state funds set aside by the con11110ll\Yca1th of Georgia for the relief of the vetcrans of the Confedcrate annies ..
~early all of the nicn1hers were over fifty years of age \vhen the company was organizcU; a few were physically disabled, and a fe\v \vcrc less than fifty years of age, but con1pellccl to stay it .-\thcns ior various reasons. _-\t any rate, of that famous con1mand, so far as the records at h<:~nd :-;how, nut a single vcte1an remains in the l;'ncl of the living. l-Ienee, \Vhatcvc1 may be '-\Titien here concern1ng thcn1. is written a~ Iu,ingly as a son wonld write of his father and with pat1iotic appreciation of the n~otives that inspired then1 in thci1 every action. \Vhile in life tlley nsed to langh and Lell of theit~ conne..._:tion \\ith the "Thunderbolts," of the n1any hmnorous incidents of those clays. and one of the m.ost illnsLrinns 111ctnhers had ahno~t cotnpletccl a hi"'tory of thn.'-'C times \Yhen cleath removccl him fron1 the stage of action.
During Lhc early part of the wax hehyecn Lhc states the Classic City :-;cnt to the front the vety fln\H'T of her young n1anhood. 'They follo,ved the lead of the gallant Cobh, the inLtcpicl Deloney and other chivalric leaders, and gave lo the anny of ?\~orthern -Virginia as valiant service as any lx;ncl of soldiers who ever donned the ttappings of \Yar. \Vhen the clctnancl for te<..Tuits becan1c

268
quite pn:ssing- the older men IH_'gan to enlist in the anny and in 1S03 tlw cit~ o( _\thcns hacl been almost depopulated of its male citizen::;. Few \\Trc left hc:-idcs those \Yho.-:.c advanced age rcCJtlircd them tCJ stay at lH,mc. fn fact, cJnly a fny score~ CJf soldiers \Yerc left tc, protect the city against any in \'ZJ.sion that might be n1aclc.
lt \\as unclct such circumstances that the oldcT gcntlcn1cn of the city. recog-nizing the ncccl of . \thcus in the ,,ay u( increased military protccti()n. n.::.sohcccl to tllnYw thcm:::clves intcJ the breach ;1ncl defend their natiYc heath against ::til cmncr:o:.
Thus fnnn their patriotistn sprang the "'l'hlllldctbolis. a compan_,- ,,-hose deeds tnust li\T in order that history llld_\" be cotnplctc. wl1nsc fame. though not blazoned to the \\ nrld in song and .stor;.-, i:-~ yet of such a character as to entitle the names of its 1lll21nheJ-s to he inscribed along:o:idc those "that were not horn to clie."
The ConfeclcJ-atc Congre:o:s had enacted a law alknying the organization of companies in tile tEffcreni cities of the south for the purpose of local defen.-:.c, ancl the law proviclecl that such con1panies wen; lllli to be callc(l iuto any service save thai of defending their localtics. 'The \Yisdom_ of sucb a law was at once apparent. for alnwst any city cuukl nntstcr a company of old men, \vho, if the occasion shuuld arise, cuulcl fight as lxavely as any c,f the suldicry of the south. and in order to protect thcn1 against the

,
269
sterner and 1norc exactinp; duties of the camp and the !llarch. th0 pri\'aiiou of the siege o; the nlortal t~dium of the tn..nchcs. it "\\as pro,idcd tktt they sllonltl 110t be calletl a\\ay ft-()111 their :-,pcciflc localities.
l cndcr the JWovisions u i" this act the Thunderbolts \\ere cwganizcd for the defense of 1\tlwn.", after a tltorcm~~-h and profound discus,c;;ion of the matter 1Jy all the old g:cnUcmcn \\ho desired lo 1wcorJ)C mcn1tKTS. '\," o record is in cxistctue \Yithin ihe knu\\ ledg-e of the \\Titer that would givC' the C"-::act details of the org-anization. and 1n n~stcr of the company is extant. Yet it is kno\Yll that the rank and file of tll\_' co111pan_,. \Yen_ gent 1cmcn of the old school--nicn \\ho \YCrc distinguished [ur their many \irtucs and \Yho had cane<l for themselves their fortune and f;_unc h\ d~nt of pcr.scvcrancc and ability.
Colonel John Hill ups -\\"as chosen captain of the Tlnmclcrbolts. 1 fe was a splendid ol<l g-entleman and an admirable cn111manding of"ficc:L able commanding ~>fficcr.
-:\lr. Richard Schc\ccncll, a talented and intrepid Frenchman who had scr\'Cl in the \'/a!
with ::\J exico, ,,as chosen first lin1Lnant. ancl at
the t~cquest of the con1pany actccl as drill tnaster on acconnt or his ha-Ying- considc1able knn\\lcclgT of 1nilitary tactics.
~-\s fat as can nnw l)c obtained the other mcn1bers of tl1e cntnpany were Colonel \Vi1lian1 L.
c.;
I
(
l

270

1\Jitchell, a distinguished lawyer, for whom the compan:y was called the Mitchell Thunderbolts; Dr. Henry Hull, father of Mr. Augustus L. Hull, of this city; Mr. vVilliam Hope Hull, a

member of the same distinguished fan1ily; Judge

Junius Hillyer, an en1inent jurist and the father of Judge George Hillyer, of Atlanta, and of :!\Ir.

Carlton liillyer, of Augusta; Dr. Edward R. VVare, Captain W. I-I. Dorsey, father of a nun1-

ber of our best citizens; Judge Young L. G. Har-

ris, for so n1any years President of the Southern

lvl utual Insurance Company; Colonel Stevens

Thornas, for equally as long a tin1e Secretary of

the satne con1pany; Chancellor .1--\ndrcw A. Lips-

cmnb, of the University of Georgia; l\rir. Asbury

Hull, Mr. John H. Newton, Uncle Jack O'Far-
,-d), :\Ir. J. Vv. MccUin, :\11-. Elizur L. "'ew-

ton, 1\1r. Peter A. Summey, l'vfr. John Crawford, ::\lr. John Gilleland, I\1r. Thotnas l3ishop, Dr. R.
D. Moore, Dr. H. R. J. Long, Mr. Patrick Darry,
and Mr. ] ohn \Vilson, all of whorn were well known and highly respected citizens of Athens

ir those clays. There were a nutnber of otheri:>

but their natnes have slipped the rncn1ory of the

present generation just now.

Lieutenant Schcvcnell, in1n1ccliately upon the a~:sun1ption of his duties, perceived the necessity

of putting the cmnpany through all ihe n1ovements and evolutions of the regular anny drill,

f

f()r although each 1ne1nber was rich in the ex-

I'

1

l

271
pericncc of rnan:y years of life, all were as little children in the science of war.
So one fine afternoon the "Thunderbolts" wcr~ dra\vn up in line on the lot just in front of the present residence of Hon. \V. ] . .:\lorton and alongside the can~pns of the Cniversity of Georgia, and everything \\as got in readiness to instruct the old gentlcrnen in the alphabet of war.
The n1crnbers of the con1pany did not arrive as properly as the precise Frcnchn1an would have had them do, but can1e sauntering along with all ec:sc and grace, just as if there was no such thing as stern and rigid discipline. S01ne of the1n brought with then1 their umbrellas, son1e their newspapers, and nearly all of thcn1 their spectacles. The sable Prince ;\lbcrt coat, the light and airy alpaca, the con1mon everyday business apparel, all con1bined to Inake the assen1blagc a striking and picturesque one. Son1e came puffing and blowing after a long and dusty t1mnp over the hills of Athens, and here and there one dropped in a-straddle of a n1ule of the genuine Georgia variety.
It took several drills to unli1nber the joints and train the n1uscles of the tnetnbers, but soon they were able to take on the regular drill with guns, and one evening can1e fully arn1ed to the parad~ grounds. The guns were of all kinds, smne tnuskets, some rifles, son1e shotguns, but all deadly looking weapons-warranted to kill on the least

272

provocation frmn a blnc coai, The appearance

o{ the cmnpany 1na_:-. haYe hct'n a hule off. hut

\\hat the 1ne1nhers lacked in unlfonnit.y the\

made up in earnestnes:;.

J....icn1.e;Iant Scl1eyenell was a hard drill master

and every nnw and then one o the 111e1nbcrs

\\ ould hand his gun to his trusted slave ncar by.

t.~ke his 1..11nbrella, leisurely raise it over his

heated brow and stand in ranks until disposed to

take up his gun again .

.\s ti1ne rolled by the Jnem1Jcr.s gained knu\\-

lcdgc of Inil11.;:u-y tactics, and it is rccorclecl that

at nearly cycry regular drill some n1cmbcr 1vould

halt the captain or the lieutenant when an order

1\"as given that didn't "ecn1 exactly correct, and

then there 1\onld ensue a heated discussion as t',l

the 1nooted question, for the ""1'hunderbolts." not

being- subject to any 1nilitary authnrity on earth.

save themselves. fixed their Ol\"11 rules, and one

i

of thc-;e rules was that each n1embcr retained in

I

it .., entit-ety hi." individnal Iibert_,-. The regular

ann) n1ight haye a con1t martiaL but 1\ith the

Thunderbolts" each 1nembcr wa.s lhe guardian

and judge of his own conduct.

- \,-; one of the finishing ~ouches Lieutenant

,:-;chevenell put the con1pany through a k:iud of

skinnish drill that required the n1en1bers to li.._

clown on lhe gronnd. ro1l over and fire as they

"'-Yent. Such 1night be fnn to the average .sulclie1-.

'r

l>ut to the member.-; of Lhe '"Thunderhn1ts'' it 1\ a.;

I

273

the consun1111ation nf

well as an out-

r;:gc upon their dignity.

n:bdkd at the

orders gi\cn them all<l l-or a \vhilc it looked a~ if

a rc_).2,"Ul<.u- mutiny would O<.._TUJ-, L11t they \Yen~

finally persnadcd to obey the onlcrs. Down on

the gTOUlHl 1vcnt all the 111enJbe1-s and \Yith g-uns

in hand heg-an tbei1- dangenn1s evolution.;;_ 'I'hc

scene that IollO\Yed hcggan~cl description. Some

shot at ca,__~h other, son1c at the g-round, so1nc ~tt

the trees an(l son1e at the st111. Such an indis-

critninate n1ass of n1lling- lnunanily \Yas nc\c:r

before seen, and when the) had completed the

drill, they YO\\ eel they would never try it again,

and they kept ilH.::ir \"OW. That ch-ill passes into

history as the 111ost unique of iL'i kind hon1 the

clays of Joshua to the present time.

In 1854, Colonel \\. C. !'. Ut-eckintidge cap-

tured a 1nnnber of \ :mkccs neal- .\thens and

ht ought then1 lwrc f(11 ,<tfc keeping.

1 I en~ he stn1ek up -~yith the fanlotts "TlnnHle!--

bolts'' and wanted tl1e111 to g;-uanl his prisoners on

the university campus. Dr. I lem-y ilull said

s1ch service \Y8.S contrary to 11is hahit of life and

he didn't expect to reverse it: others said the duty

of the "'T'hunclcrb()lts" \\as to protect .\thens

frolll invasion and if the yankee prisoners tried

Lc fig-ht they would given Lhenl a round; while

others \Yere perfectly willing Lo serve as guards

jusL for the privilege oi pointing lhcir g-uns at

Lhc yankees and tnaking Lhcrn behave themselves.

274
h is recorded that Dr. Echvarcl R. \\Tare would sit for hours at a tirnc on the can1pus fence with his gun in hand and 111akc the yankees stictch thctnsclvcs out on the ground and rcn1ain perfectly quiet.
Recorded an1ong il1c traditions of this conlpany is a story to the effect that at a certain tnustcr of the cotnpany Judge Young L. G. l-Ianis brought clo-wn a po,vclcr horn that he prized vcr~r highly, and going to each n1ctnber, insisted on sprinkling his gun -..vith a little of the finest PO\\.r_ c1cr he ever sa\v, and when the con1n1ancl, ".Fire'' \\as given, only two guns in the whole lot clisc11argcd. This incident was a standing joke enjoyed by Judge Harris as long as he lived.
There -..vas one hobby upon which all the 111e1nbers agreed. They stood squarely npou their individual rights and refused to do anything that they considered ought not to be done. So one clay when the con1pany \vas drawn up on the parade grounds, Colonel VVillian1 L. Mitchell catne riding along on his pony "Lightning.'' nehind hin1 came his negro with a table on his head. \Vithin the table was a large Bible and a roster of the co1npany. Everybody wondered 'vhat was gojng to happen.
Old Willis set the table down and laid the Bible in the center. Colonel Mitchell took up the roster of the co1npany, asked Captain Billups t'J indulge hin1 for just a n1on1ent, and then pro-

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cecdcd to swear each n1ctnbcx to support the const;tution of the Con federate States and the constitution of Cc01gia. . \11 the llll'mbcrs tuok the c;:.t~1. hc1t \_\~len Lhc natne of Private J[illycr \vas rt:ached the gcntlctnan stepped fonvanl ancl tefu~ed to take t1te oath. s~ying thai he \vas alrc~dy a member of the company and that Private I\1itchcll was not anned \vith the requisite author1ty to acln1inister sucl1 an oath. a-: the cornpan\ it~clf had not passed any onlcT npon that snbjcc-t. and no otl1er aut11nrity had a rigl1t if) co!ltrnl his actions.
Uut Lhc cnbninating uutragc en the compau) occurred when General llowcll Cobb sent Captc.in Pope Barrow to r\thens, in 1 8G4, to inspect tl~c ''Thunderbolt::::." The mctnbcrs considered it outrageous to be inspected by <.t rncre stripling lil.::e Uarru,.,-, and in aclclition they n1aintained that under the la\v of the Confccleratc Congress, Genc;al Cobh had no jurisdiction over thcn1.
So, "\'>-hen Captain Uarrc,\v a1-rivecl in i\thcns and n1ade known his intentions, Dr. I-Ienry IIull politely infon11ecl him_ that if he wished to inspect hint, he would find hirn on his front porch at his honte every n10n1ing at 9 o'clock.
Captain Billups inforn1ed Captain Barrow that hE' wished he would dishancl the old company, as it seetned as if General Cobb couldn't let the tnembers live in peace without inflicting such foolish-

276
1tcss np011 ihe1n as the red tape of an anny inspection.
Finally, however. as a courtes;. to Captain 1:arrow, and not as any tnark of recognition of the authority of General Cobb in the n1attcr, the company agreed to be inspected. \Vhen the time approached for the inspection, Privaic Junin:~ I1illycr stepped to the front and read the follow-
salty and solen1n protest: .\thens, Ca., July 4, r864.--Dcar General: regret that onr conversation at the insurance office was intenuptcd he fore I had an opportu nity of giving you n1y \ricws about Ol11" company. a11(l 1 intencled to renew the convcrsrttion ~11 your house-Saturday night, but had no opportu~ n1t) nf doing so. Pcnnit 111e to repeat what you a1rC::'ad_\ knuw, that ihe organization of our con1 pany \vas the ,-esnlt of a popular 1novement, and \\as intended to enable us t.o render snc11 service as \VC had the strength to perfonn in i.h.:: defense of our h01ncs. Ii. was never conten1plated by us that we could hy any possibility be brougi t into the Confederate service under the cmnm.owd of anny officers and subjected to the 'ntles and articles of \Yar. I took an active part in getting up the company; L nrg-ccl others lo join. assuring then1 that 1vhal they feared above all thin{~.:-:i was, under the clea1- language of Cougress, ilnpossible; to-\vit: that whenever the government got a shacknv of pretext, all law., and rights

277

\\unld be disreganled ancl '.\-c \\onld be fon.:c~..i lr;to service. \Vhen l found that the gov'-';T._n,cPl ,, as ass1uning to take control of ns lwyond \YhClL our rules and regnlatiuns warranted. 1 felt caller! upon to 1nake good the asst1rance which l:._t several puhlic speeches J had g-iven to tl~...: l't~.-) ple. . \nO \Vhen I asked that co1np;:_'..'l\ _h~ct <t contniiltec 1night be appointed tr) CX''IPinc toc bw a11d report the opinion of the n1i1it<:Lr) :,t: ..tcls of the company, and our rights an,: o:Jligatwns nnder the hl\V, l only did that \Yh;ch [ think it \';as, nnder the circulnstanc:es. 1uy duty tu ,J,l.

"\Yithout troubling you \Yith an atgumcnt,

nay J ask yon to pt:Tnlit me, as in a fricildly

conversatiou, to give you the ccnclusiou.-; arriye:d

at- by the con1111ittee:

.. 1. \Ve are not subject to the 'army regu

lations.

2. \Ye arc not subject to 'the rules and a\--

~

ticlcs of war.' as other volunteet- companies ar~; expressly declared to be.

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"3 \Ve are not to be called into service.

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".+. \Ve arc required to perfonn no specified

duty .

.. 5 \,\- e arc organized to de fend our locaht;., <md \VC are permitted to do it in our 0\\'11 wayaccording to 'n1lcs and regulations prescribed by onrselves.

"(). \'Ve are an independent cotnpany, not required to he attached to any battalion or bri-

278
gade, and to be conlJnandeJ by an of-ficer of ou--.own choice, and even iis o\vn officers tnust govern the con1pany according to its o\vn rules and regttlations,
"l f you can find it wiihin the scope of your po-wer io issue an order to Colonel Young to call on Captain _[~illups for such scnrice in the defense of _Athens as he believes his co1npan) are able io render, you will conunand for the defense o our io\Yll ihe utmost effort within the pO\\-el o the con1pany to nwke. But any aiietnpi io govern us 'IYithout our consent \vill in 111y opinion, utterly dcn1oralizc our cotnpany ancl render it worse than useless. For nlysclf, I will say ihat I had rather see _-'\thens sacked and hnrncd than that our cotnpany shonlcl be forced tL do any act -..vhich they do not choose to do. Colonel Young tnay by force carry ns to an) point he chooses, Lui all ihe po\vcrs of earth can't 1nake ns fight nor prevent ns frotn Leconling an ele1nent of ahsol11ie weakness. If the conrse is adopted of requiring any service of us bc_yond what we choose to render I shall feel thai I have been an insirurnent of (lccciving others. \rVe have been entrapped into ihe Confederate service, v.,,bich we never intended to enter except so far as \VC chose to act.
"'\\Fe clo not wish to be disbanded. Vvr e only ask that we tnay he permitted to do what the act of Congress authorizes us to do; io defend

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our to\vn in such a \\~ay as \YC think is \Yitbin our strength. Your suggestion that 011r 1-cn1ecly i~, 1n prefer charges against the officer who C~bnscs his pO\YCT is not adequate. \Ve arc tno old and fcchle for that; we \dll sink under the \\Timg. ( )ur patriotisn1 bro11ght 11s together; Upon that tl1c COUntry 111ay safely rc1_').:. Uut it can gain nothing l1y any degree of force that may be brought to bear against us. \ V e n1ay he destroyed but nothing good cH1 he got front us against onr consent.
''Ccucral, I h::rve g-iven yon very 1Jrief1_,. the v:C\\s entertained by 011r con1pany '>Yith al1nost
entire tmanimity. In a COll\Trsation r n1ight have
cnlaxgccl and ~nnp]ific<l a g-oc1d deal UJX)H tL..: c1ucstion SrJ as to Jnakc. ont YiC\YS stronger. \\-.._; l1la;.;c llO point upon _\on ncn 1..1pon C(>[CmCI Young. ()nr positlun is one of prjnciplc. Vcr: rcspe..._tlully, yn11r friend,
.n::-;n:s l ULLYER.
Soon after this occasjon the ~:tarry tc its last defeat at .\ppn1natto;..;_. The ];o]b laid a~idc tl1cir \YC:lpnns >xith 1\'11-ich the:: h<Jd arracd t1H~lnsc1vcs .for local defense ancl t]nou,~hout Lhc yearc;. of rec!>n.':.LTtction g;aY<..' lr,~ ;d and \\nrth: serdce to .\thcns and to ;he state.
()ne by one.: they h<.wc entered rc.c;t an(l IJC'<\Y they han: all pitc1Jecl their tents npon the cw11p-

280
1ng g-rolllHl of eteruity. Tile stor_\ o[ tlle1r con nct..'tion '' ith this nniqne 1nilitar_,. o1ganization a 1 \Yays \\"as the sonrce of nnu~h 1nerrin1ent and enjoyment io them as the: recalled the fnnn\ scene.", and incidents of those days.
),..ct i\ith all the {un and hnn1orot1.s situation:->. \\ith all their dignity and personal l1lwrty. who "ill 1ise up and s:1y that. had the occasion ar r;ved Im action and the necessity arisen for flg-hting, the_y would not have fought as lHavei:I <1.:--. any soldil~Ls '"vho, throughout that ensanguined strnggle, Iollowccl the leadership of the knighth
J;:;.ckson or the peerless [..-C'C-;,
Cl L\ r>TER XXX \'IT.
::\11'. John Cilleland, one of the ThuncledJo!ts, conceived the id('a of n1aking a double-barrelled cannon. J-Ti,s plan was to load the cannon with two balls CPllnectecl h_:.r a chain. which -.,..,-hen projected \YOnld sweep acro,ss the battlefie-ld and 1now do..,..,n the enemy some\vhat as a scythe cuts \vheat. The cannon was cast at the Athens T<'onndry. duly bored out and Inountccl. and on the appnintecl cia:> was taken I(Jl' its trial irip on the Ncvvton's Bridge 1oad beycmd J)L Linton's. .A wide track was cni through the pines and a target of poles set np side by side. A cornpany of interested spcctatz>rs. among then1 the write!". watched the proceeding-s from a safe distance in the rear. The

281
gun -.,-.,.as loaded and the ball~ r;umnccl hmnc \Yitlt ihclr connecting chain. 'J'he signal was given. and the lanyanl pulled. One ball \\Tnt ont ahca'~ oc- the uthcr. snapped the chain. which f1n\ Ci.rouncl and <-lin.Ttld the course ot ihc mi~~sih. into the .sb..nding pines. The other shut \\ide o~ the 1nark. and 1hc pules which n.:ptcscnil~J th.; hostile ;un1y stood lminjun'd. The cx:petinlent \\as a failure. The cannon -.,,as taken fron1 the field, atHl ,,as only used in after years to cclcbraie Dl:nwcraiic victories. lt stands no\V near ihe Confederate tnonntlleni. the only \Yeapon of its kind in the ,,-odd.
Tn this connection it tnay be rcntarkecL i\thens i:> ihe unly city in the \Vorlcl which has a cloublcharrellcd cannon, a tree which owns itself, and a fire engine which g-ot bnrned up. The last was the olU "lndepcndcnce, ., aftenvarcls chtistened "Relief 1\o. 2,' the ficst engine \Ye ever had, which had been turned over to the negroes. and clicl goocl scn'ice under Capt. Randall :\Torten and Capt. Mat Davis. \Vhile quietly reposing in a \vooden she<l one night it was burned \vith Lhe shed before auy of the con1pany suspected it~ danger.
The aforesaid tree stands at the foot of Dearing Street, and is a n1agnificcnt vvhite oak. The following is taken fron1 a paper no"v tnan_v years old: "There is a t1ee at Athens, Ga., which

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\_., a property ho1der. In the early part of the

centurv the land on which it stands was O\vned bv

W. Col.

I-I. Jackson, who took great delight i;1

watching its grmxth and enjoying its shacle.

Tn his old age the tree had reached JllagnificeuL

pt oportions, and the thought of its being des-

Hoyed by those -.,d1o "\Yould con1e after hitn

was so repugnant that he recorded a decJ., of.

-.,vhich the :followiug is part: "T, \\l. 1-1. Jack-

son, of the County of Clarke, Stale of Ceorgict

of the one part, and the oak tree, (giving the

location) of the County of Clarke or tl1e other

part, \dtncss, that the saicl VV. Fl. jackson, [or

and in consideration of the great af(cction whicb

he bears said tree, and his desire to sec it protect-

ed. has conveyed, and by these presents docs con-

vey unto the said oak tree entire possession of

itself, and of the land v.:ithin eight feet of it on

al1 .sides."

[lo\YeYer cle:fecti-vc this title 1nay he in Jaw, the public recognized it, ::mel this splendid tree is OtlC o{ the boasts of A thcns and will be cared for ]r, the city for many years to cotne. . \ generous friend to . \ thens, i11 order to show his inten:~::oi i:' this l111i(p:e frccllo1det. has at his own expense. placed around the tree granite pnsis ccnnected b\- chain,c;, replaced the earth which the storn1s ol' a century have washed frnm its roots, and Pc.=ttly sodded the inclosed arc<L with gr~tss.

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283 CHAPTER XXXVIT.

The negro was such a factor in war times

that J cannot n::frain h-orn giving hin1 his due

here. 1-Ie was the i1nn1cdiatc cause of the \Yar

on both sides, that is to say- if there had been

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no negro slaves at the South the vvar \VOldcl

have waited another generation at least.

There is Sltch a vast amount of lgnorancc

an1ong the younger people who never ln1e,~r what

slavery at the South was, that T an1 tcn1pted to

relate what can1e under rny own observation C:'.t

home.

I was a lad when Ceorgia scceclc(l, only old

cno11g-h to take part ln the last ~ix months of

hostilities. hut at an age \vhcn impressions art;

111ost vivid ancl details arc fixed in the nwmot\-

for life. It was n1y father's claily l1abit to rirk

nn horseback to his plantation, overlooking and

directing the work 11cc:u-ing tl-e :report of the

overseer and listening to the c01nplaints ar.. d pc

titions of the ncgToes .

. \t tl1e home pbce in to\vn there IYCIT fon:

LJ1llilics. comprisi11g si"teen ncgroe~. TYvO wonl-

cn---une ag;ed--wcre cooks. tlll(~ 1\'<lS the lann

r:~css. nne the nurse, thtee se;np::;ircs:~es. a house-

maid, a carriage driver who \\a~ also the gar-

denei, a one-legged general ntility man and d

lnt of child1-cn. Tn addition to these m~ sistc1

had a nwid, n1y older brother a valet. Fott'

284
negroes were hired oni. T,,-o cxcclicut ca~pcn icrs were !Jin~d by the month, 111_,- fathct fc.,cdin~: and clothing thcn1; t\Yu \YCrc hired io the Railroad cun1pany as fircnl.en. and a ,,on1an as hons> JPaid to a Xorthern fam-il_\- residing in _\thcns.
()ur uwn family consisted of fotn- adults an( 1 three childn:-n. 1t will be seen iben that ,,-~ all had- p1enty of waiting on. Judcccl ou lookin,:..> back at Llte nutnher of sen'ants it seem.~ a \n!ndc: that there \\as any development of chaJactcr in those clays or an_\ pronotion o energy. .\s tu that ho-we-vel, the llistory of the->c same people f01 th_c llCXt decade will anS\\'CL ~~llt With ccr 1rany servants there \vas no idling <T'Yay the ti1ne. There \Yas nu hnsier "\VOnlan than 111_,motheL She was out in the nwruing befo1c hrcakfast gidng insintctions fot pruning fn1it irces ot- pbnting seeds, or cnltivaiing- or gathering vegetables each in its sc;1son. /\_ftcr breakfast work \.Vas cut o11t for ihe sem.pstresscs, an interview with the cook was held, the work o the housemaid inspt-ctcd, or arrangctncntc;; were n1acle for pickling and presC'rving- or putLing up n1eat for the year. n11t this 11as not alL The young girls n1ust be taught to sew, ancl the p1antation hands 1n11st be proviclccl with clothes. All this tn_atcrial passed through the Louse1vifc's hands. She was the dispenser of food, clothing and medicine for a large fm11ily of dependents whose claitns and duties abso1hecl her \Vaking hours.

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On the plantation each family of ncg-rnc:s had

its own home. Thc n1othcr cooked and nwdc the

clothe.s for the fatully,

ale togctbct- at thci1

O\Yll table and had

JKT~;onai hclnngings.

1'Jw unattached :;ingle men had their rat:tnno:

cooked for then!. '!'he plant:-tt!, ,,

a conl-

munit\ itscl f. ()pc !Jt,Lll who ha(l Iwen inju1cd made ~nd mended the_ :-.hoes :1ncl harness. -:.'\cad_\

ctl1 supplies \\Tl"C made on the place: \Yhc:n

con1. S) n1p :Lnd tobacco for 111an and atnpl"

grain and fqrag-c for hcasL

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There was fruit in abundance and CYCTY negro

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had his ,yatennclon patch.'' 'I'hc hour'"' i\JJ.

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\York \YCre fn1111 "sun up' to "sun cld\Yll: with an hour for dinnc1. The ncgr(le;.; ncve1- con1--

plained of work. They \YCrc ahvays cheerful

"'-dH~n well. SonJC1 in1es the ovcr~ecr reported one

as idle tu tny father and a i.-eprinw.nd followed.

1 do not n~n1cn1ber n:y fathe1 to haYe whipped

a negro but once, and then he \Yas l"CCJUcsted to

do it. 'Jirn \Vood'' had been g-uilt:,- of SOJTlC rnis-

(~emeanor and hacl the option of 1)eing "\Yhippcd

by the overseer or tile LC)\Vll n1arshal. It was

con~idered a disgrace by a self-respecting negro

to be whipped by the overseer. and Jinl dreaded

the stout ann. of the marshal, so l1e as keel as a

special favor that "Mas I-Ienry" would whip

h!m. pron1ising the 111ost irreproachable conduct

in futtu-e if he would. lie got off with a light

punish1nent. There was in fact, very little "vhip-

286
pjng of slaves \\hen -.,ve consider that they wer-..: Eke tmtutored children and sulJjcct to like pas~ sions as we are \vithout the strength of character t,-.., resist tetnptation. One of the bo~-s a little oldc~- than myself ..,..,-as 1ny playn1atc. l{e was not whippeo J,.:>.H r:;o often as n1\T 1nother whipped 1ne, and he vas not so 1-.;-oo,l a hoY. citheL
i\1y father never solcl but one of-hls ncr:-;roc;. I \vcli ren1emher the occasion. Dart, one o tlF.:: plant.:1tion hancls, c;:une fn one night 011 a pass. (every negro hacl :t pass at nigl1t to cscctpc ctr~ rest and detention. J have "\\Titten hundreds of tl1en1 aLct Sam pass. TJ. 1-Iuli.'') and said. C(~fas 1Tenry, I've had a fuss with 111~ daddy, anc1 ; can't stay on the plantation no longer wid hi.m. T want you to sel1 me." Fiis dadd-., '."\as 1llc forc-111:111 on the- field. :\Jy father enquired into i.hc trol1hic and told Dart to stCly in t0\\"11 t1lc nc"" t cL:l}- ancl think bettet of it. TllC next nitht l1c sti11 asked that he he sold. ?\Ty father tolcl him tn ~-o and flnd a llC\Y 11.letster. \Vben Tiact Gll11e hack he said: ((::\f;:.;-;' Jnhn s:1.\~ iJc'll bu_1. me.'' (,~T<ts' John" -...ya.s m~ hothec in bw. So Tiart n.:-t<> sold to hin1 and made hi;,, a F::1ith fnl .scrv:::L7t nnti1 he wa:~ freed.
'l'her" \\as JVl clfo;t :1i n1issinna1,. \YOJ k ;:YlGll:-:_:thc negroes in tl1c conniry thai T rC'mcmbcr. Tn the t0\\'11 1\"Cn~ t\YO dn11chc.s foi- negTnC's. nne r:;<ptist and the other ~fethoclist. both scne:l hy \\hitc preachers. 'T'hc ne,c::rocs hnn1 Lh~

287
country '"lthin reach c~unc rcgnlarly to thcn1. But the servant." \\ere trained in habits of virtue and gentility, and several of thcn1 could rcacl. ?\ot one of our negro women gave birth to a bastard ch-ild. 'r'hrcc of them, handso1nc rnulatto g-irls born in wedlock of rnnlatto parents, gTC\V up virtuous and rcspectahlc \YOlllcn, ancl arc now mothers o fa111ilies standing anwng the first of their class.
~Ty father inherited five negroes from his molhcr. They were all of one Lnnily, about hi~ O"\Vl1 age and lived \Yith hin1 for sixty yca1s. The wannest affection cxistcJ. between thcn1 ancl he bought the wife of one and the husbands of the two wmnen that they 1night be together. The other l\\o n1en were the carpenters referred to whose wives were sc1vants in the to\Yn. These negroes l)ecan1e the forebears of large fcunilies. and their prepotency is shown to this day in then descendants in the fourth generation. One o ~ tbe1n, a noisy, good natured fcllo-\:v, was jocularly threatened with arresl, Yvhen he said: "Look here, boss, don't you kno-w y\ho I i:::. '? I'm one of dcn1 Hull niggers .. ,
The care of slaves was a burden to a conscicntious man, and n1y father regarded the possession o his as a trust to be administered as a divinely in1posecl duty. It was only by the n1ost careful manage1nent that the incon1e of their labor could be n1acle 1o pay their expenses. There was no

288

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business except planting al \\hich llCf..;TO labo1 could be n1adc profitable, and it is nPl every man \Yho can tnanagc a plantation with success. \-cr.;. 1nan, lost n1onc, YCCIX after year in the cndcavo;
to s~1pport theit~ 1~eg-roes an~l could unly recoup
hy selling one or two of then1. The Southern man will nPl Lhcrcforc be
thought insincere ,,hen be o;ays he is glad Lhat slavery is at an end. and that en1ancipation was a greater relic to the nraster than to the slave.
The conduct of the negroes during the four years of the war of secession is a 11101Hlll1cnt to the fidelity of the race. \Vhcn we recall the conditions \\hich existed in the South '.Ye ca11110t belicyc that any other race of n1cn \\oulcl have made such a record as the negro. Every able bodied 111;\11 was in the an11_v. Xone \\ere left but the aged, the inflnn ancl the diseased. Even the boys hacl gone. On n1any plantations thcre \\as not a \\hite n1ale. The whole South believed the :\orth was fighting tp free the slave and the negro believed it as welL ~-\nd yet faithful t,J his n1aster and his duty, he ,,nrked as he had a1ways clone, providing food and cloth-ing fo; the family and guarding his n1istrc% and their children with jealous care from every intrusion.
The negro when justly trcated learned to luv._;: his tnaster. I-Ie looked up to him as his protec. tor, guide and friend. There were cotnparativeh few cases of harsh treatment of the negro by hi~

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1 ~1astcr, and those \YC:'TC attributable ahYays 1o the ten1pe1 of the n1<U1. There arc tnen \\-ho t!-cat their wi \cs and daughters '' ith out;ageous cntc1ty and the same men would be ,..::ruel to thei; slaves. ::;o tnan \Yith that sense of honor "h1ch impels hin1 to protect a wotn:1n was c\er harsh tu his slave. And in this relation there g-rC\\ up an affection, strong and confiding on the part of the negro, c0111passionate on the part of the tnaster, which abided until death. f ani speaking nO\\" of those negroes \dlo can1e into pcrsonai. acquaintance \\ith their 1nastcrs. There \Ycre son1c plantations with hundreds of negroes cont;olled l1y an overseer. l ~et\Yeen these there could be no affection.
The negro clain1ed an ownership in everything on the place. ft was 'our" cotton ancl "our" cows. ).ly father's riding bor~e ,-as "~das Henry's horse. but tile carriage \\";~~ "1;~n-" catTiage, ancl the lemn \\as ''our horses.'' lie was so iclentificcl \Yith his master that his nwstcr's lntt:rests wen_~ his interests. It is not strange thai: during the \Y<H he spoke of "den1 Yankees" an l how "\YC \\'hipped 'em" in one battle. o1 "dev heat us" in another. lt \Fls esteemed a gr~at Inivileg-e to be selected as bod) ~;ervant to ac:COl11pany the 111aster to the a;:tny. "\ young negro \\lw had been given to me by 111)- fothcr ahYay...; kokecl fonvard to the tin1c when he should go '' ith 111e to the army. But xhcn that time c-a:11,

290
the da} of body-servants had passed and it w;1.~ 'nip and tuck .. for the soldier to find food fu,
himself. l t was a 1nortification to a negro to belong to :1
"poor.. n1an. thai is, one bclo,, in the social scale: \Vcalthicr tncn were frequently approached !J., such negroes \vith the request that they wonl, l buy them. This \\as a nalnral o..mbition. since they \H)tdd fare better and stand bcU.cr amongtheir fello\YS. I have still in lD_Y family th~ \H)lllan who belonged to tny wife's a.ihcr ancl. nursed her \Yhcn a child. She even nO\Y speak,;; o{ "niggcr.s that have no raisin'. Tl1cy belonged to po' white folks.'' As for the tnan whu was too poor to own a ncgTo they looked with inef-fable contempt on .such ''po' white trash."
As the war progressed the c01nfons of li\in;:; decteased. The carriage ho1ses g-ayc way t1) n1ules; the linen "'-\Tnt to the hospitals: the generous table was scantily suppl-ied w-ith corn bread. bacon and vegetables. Sorghun1 syrup took the place of sugar and parched potatoes \vcre substituted for coffee. The gan11ents for the fan1ily \Yere made frmu cotton raised on the plantation. spun and \voven by the \VOnicn. l fon1e n1aclc clothing- and horne n1aclc shoes and hon1c n1adc bonnets replaced the products of foreign tnarkets. The sick were treated with .ste\.-s ancl broths and root teas. In these privations the negro .shared-cheerfnlly and without compla-int.

291

::\lany a delicate \YOr:nan \\Tnt hungry in those

clays. l tcr ,1cg1ucs also \\cnt huilgry, bLn: tl1c:

(lid not ctJ1npiai11 to her. There \\a~ cn.:;-y "hcr._

that patient ~.nbmissiun tu \Yhatc\cr the day

1night bTing otth so characteristic of the race.

The con[ldclh'C tTlXhccl in some of tho:_ nc~;T(JC.~

Ly their 1na3Lcrs \YaS alnc~~t nnlinJitcd. \Y.hc.:.l

the Federal anny \Yas tnaking its '>vay through

Ccorgia atJ(_i a raid on . \thcns \Y<.b C.:\..pcclcd, 111>

nlothcr r;ut all her ~ih-c1 and fine cuCcry tug\_'tlic-t

ancl a small keg o( ilne bratHJ) \\ hich ~Lc \Ya-

saving for sun1c unknown ucca:-;iun, and gayc it:

to uld Dilly to hide a\\ay,uunc but she and [;illy

knew where. /\11 1vere safely n::covcrcd except

the bratHly. l1illy said that had "leaked son1c.

J L \\as belie ,'cd Lo he a case of I~ro Rabbit and

the butter, 1Ynt l~illy \\as nc\-cr told so.

'The Clll<_lncipaticn proclamation o( :\fr. Lin-

i1

coln had nu ci-Iect on the negroes at Ll1c til1lz.:, al-

tLough Liley \YCrc generally tol(l of it. ~\her the

S111Tcnder ui- Ccne>-al johnston thct-c cune a hr1-

gadc of Federal cavalry in search of ~Ir. Dayis.

It was the signal for the disruption of the old

regitnc. J\I y father callccl up the hands 011 the

p1antation and told then~ ther were no\v free

ancl nn1st take care of thcn~selvcs; if they chose

they n~ight retnain on the place until tbcy shon1d

decide what to do. The effect \\a-, curious. The

younger n~en left at once to enjoy their new

found freeclom with a happ:y-go-lncky lack oL

202

forctliong-ht. not kno\\ing w!kl->...: they \Yen: to get their snppcrs. ']'1;.--~ :11en. \\~th families ~-,~n~incd.

The rcali;ation that JL) 'IWrc 1 at ions \\,'>"Jld be issued to them. that they !1<:hl 11f\ j, ,1,_~(T :.~ borne ancl the feeling that the fnc~d ''h) ha(~ tboug-Lt

for thc111 and planned for 1hc1ll all tl:cir 11\cs had !10\\. cast the1n off saddened :1111! ( -!!),c:,e.c:d them .

. \t tlic ho111e in to\Yn tlu: ncgrcJ~._'s ]);:;_1] al: vad:'

heard the nc\YS. Some one said to the olrl (',_Juk. '".\ullt i!cay, don't you knov,: yon C'(~ \tee:.....

':\las' Henry ain't told Inc so yiL'' she rcpliccl.

\\'hen n1y ather told her she 1cpliecl ''it 1!on\ make no di(lcrcnce to me," and it didn't. She

lived with every c01nfort, cooking for the family

nntil she laid down and died. Of the other ne-

g-roes tile scllipstrcss and her da11ghters moYed off the lot intu a little house belonging to my father,

lt

.L;cHing cnough '..vork to support them. The

nurse and her fa1nily nJOvccl away to mwther part

o: the town where they \\ere not so comfortable hnt felt less rcsttain1. The <.aniagc drive1 g-ot

cmplnyment with a livery stable. One of the car-

p<. ntcrs died of c;nwllpox. that scourg-e of the ne-

g-! oes after th<.' war. but old Dilly insisted on sticking to his 111aster \Yhu supported him, and

took to making t uhs and buckets for n'a.dy cash to bny his d1am ~mel tobacco.

()ne of the plantation hands can1e to my father

to buy a piece of JaneL \Vhen he came at night---

293
all their yisib \YCl-c. Jnade al night~-hc took oul <1 little bag- and emptied un the t:-tblc filt.\ ~Ioilars nr n1ore in eY<.Ty couceivabk coin that '.Ynu~d pass. Tl1cTe \\ere -:\Icxican d()lbrs <tnd Spanish dollars, thrips and dimes. si:-;:pcncc and coOJlC1' cents. ha' pcnnic.s an(l quarters. lie had Lecn sav-ing 11H..-m for yca1s doubtless 1\ iLh a ,-ague idea of smnc day buying- 11-i.s freedom. Old l'nck -:\J -ike \\ho \Yas foreman (Jll tllc plant at ion. ;;: man of unnsnal intelligence, ancl \vho ha<l been n1y h:tlu:~J-s playn1ate. bong-ht on credit a few acres abont L\Yo miles away and hnilt him a rnde cabi11 and moved into it. 1-T c worked l1anl all the rest (![ his days and had very fc\Y comforts. \Vhen the first clu:tion occnrred ill) lather nwt ~1 ike ccming into tc>\Yn to yote. [{c nnclcrtouk lo e:-;::plain lbc :situation tu llin1 and advised him. lie said. ".\[i_ke. you haYe kno-wn me all you1 life. Don't you believe T would tell you 1.vhat is right?" :{es. ".\la~ :Henry, I know 1.1hat you ,<:;a_\' i.'' right .. , !~ut he voted the other \\ay all th:~ :-;~:me. Thl" negroes \YCrc told lhat their tnastcrc; \\ould put thcn1 back into slaycry nnless the_, \\ ould vote \Yith the Republicans and tl1c (!1ll'stion achnitted of no argnment \Yith th(~lll. Yet they \Yonlcl c-onsult their old mast("rs on eve;.' other subject and ahvays cun1e to tl1em for help i1 tinw of trouble.
In .spite of the bitterness which those infan1ous rc:::onstruction days engendered bt:t \\ccn white->

294
and blacks. the lo\c and aiTccti.on of the: indiYithtal nCYlT n<-wcd. Fronl the _, onngcst to ilF' uldc<:;t \\llciH~n~r the: n1et ":\Ias l:lcnry"' or an_, mcmi)cr ul the f~unil:, the eye yuu1cl lit->:ht up and a stnilc c,f y;clconic co1ne n\-c!- the face. _\ncl <.tr lii~ hu;ia1 after mau_:: years the_\ came fron1 a ,., diu:-: of tell 111iles annHHl to luuk once n1ure on the face of him \Yho had C\'CJ" a kindlr \YOrd for i!Clll. .\ ycu a~Tl the. last of the uld lh_gro'-~ di,_'d :\la1n a tinlC ~lle kl(l baked n1c a huccakc ;tnd hruu.~ht- frc.~;h Lutter ;:md S\\ ect 1nilk front the cc1()l dr~\\ell \Yhen 1 canw ln \\Tary lrom a tr;)n~p nyec tnc plantation. \\-hen ] uwt her last \\ i'_;r_ a clean bandann;l l1ollncl ahunt he; head and :l lli.tc "t..;-eJchicf crossed t1pun llcr bJS,)l11. she d:-oj;pnl me <~.u old tin1c courtesy and said: ''110\\
d yc llt)" young nwster. .. r thought then. and r hclic\-c 110\\" that shall not sec bcr like e \"t'""
~~r...;ain.
Cl L\I'TIZR XXX\~III.
1u the spring of I 8G5 tlle blight of four years o[ desolating \Y<lr lay npon the South. l,.oucl_\ dJin1neys stood scutind o\cr tltc <1:--:hcs of the hon1e; fences hcl(l been burned, g-roYes cut d\)\\Tl, ganJcns tr::m1plcd; ne\\ nwde gra,-c..., \\"Cl-c scatt..:Tcd ad oyer the land. The remnants of the companie.c: that had gDne out so proudly stcppmg- to the 1nusic of drulll and fife, soldiers ot

r

295
f .cc and Johnston, can1c straggling in b; rail. nn foot and horse, 1aggcd, footsore, cm:Jciated \Yith hunger or d1scasc, f0rlorn, bringin~ po\ crty to -,yant, to find their husine~s clcstroycc~. their people paupers, bnt pro-ud sti11 and with nnconqucrcd spirlL The sun :-:.hone brightly, and the hird~ no longer the sptJrtsmen's pn:;, sang: hlythcly o\(.::T the scene in c:tr:-tn~c contrast to the pall of sorrow \Yhich hnng oyc1 tll~ \Yiclo\v and the nrphan, ctnd the hnngct ancl hopdcss ness which hacl set their n1ark npun every face.
Tn the general desolation the to\\n of .\thctH had escaped. fn 1I<.T isobtcd position she SC\'i11C(l sccnn~ fr01n the tnrch o th<.~ inyadcL The ln\"<lCling- foe hacl not lonw in sjg-ht of ilcr spires. >..,either fire ncn pestilence h~Hl visited her. IZefngecs rron1 c\cry SoutlJcn1 state h<td sough!. safely here and had found rep,).c;l: in J1cr !lo:~ pitalit~-- She 1.\as an oasis jn the dcscTt track ,,[ a nrlh1ess fate.
nut il1011g-h in contrast \Yilh the sunounding (1.-\stre:-;s she prcscntccl so hrigl1t a pictnrc. \Yhat \Yas the real condition of this little town and -,yhat had four ycats of war's prjvation left her? _\ few old n1en, son1e chronic inv:1licls. ,01. dozen soldiers n1ain1ed :for life, a fe\Y citizens exen1pt. fron1 n1ilitary ser-vi(,_c, a lot of lla.1f grown buys, and \YOn1en smTowing for thei!d~ad and struggling to support life. The older bo~ s, Lhc seed corn, had gone lnto the army the

296

yo1on.~-cr ones demoralized. dnJgged their 1111\Yilliug steps to school and looked fon\anl to the day

l

''hen they too could enlist.

/~right girls in

l

honH~spun or perhaps in Lnourning- for the lost.

~

\\Tnt iu and fro on errands of dut;. or JllCrcy.

I

The sJxects were unlightecl, washed into gullies

or uvergnnn-:; \\ith grass. ::-\o new hunses had

been built. nu old nncs repaired. l~roken win-

du\\"S were covered \';:ith paper, broken fences

pn)ppcd \\ith stakes. One 1n;::u-shal pl-eservecl

the peace ()nc train a day brought an ill-printed

,,_-eddy paper 01 a week olcl copy of a daily,

,,hicb contained tlle "ne\Ys.' The1-e \Yas coJn-

pletc stagnation in business. _\ desultory coun-

try trade \\"as done under the old hnn nan1es of

Crady 8:_ Xicholson, Sanson1 & PittaTd. Pitnel-

& England. T. Bishop & Son and L. P. ITooye;-

solcl f<:unily grocel-ies; F. \V. Lncas ancl 1\. H.

\Yilson dealt in clt-y goods; .;\Irs. T. _\. _\dan1<.;

ntri1nn1cd the ladies' old hats; P. :\. Sn1nn1C,\

offered the remains of an antebel1un1 stock oE

hardware; I-Iodgson B1os. rnendccl thP old cal--

riage, and \V. P. Talruage shod the farnily horse;

\Yillian1 -:-\. "\\rhitc occupied the book store cor-

ncr while ::\Ir. vondedicth and his excellent wife

proYidcd the fashionable clothing of the day for

both sexes. But all the r11crchants dealt in every-

thing from_ fruit to frying pans. A one-horse

wagon would have held the entire stock of atnr

one uf them. The factories and 1nills alone .:;bo\',-cd an_\ sigH of li{c-LlJe one \Yea;.ing; ont ib spindles and loo1ns to ~upply the demand for thread and cloth, the other gTinding Lhc Lull of corn and \Yhcal Lu giYe the people bre~l<l.
The old i0\\"11 hall no long;er nmg \\-ilh tht slirring- eloquence of the past. l ~nclcrneath. it...; calaboose ,c;umetitncs detained a tnwnL negTd. ,,-hilc the ;vljoining m;;_rkel smelled to heaven \\ ith sour a11d Hyblo\\'11 beef. Trout & Clo\Ycr di.spenscd skins and steaks al this attractiv<.?. place, \\"hi1e Joe Leno. tirecl of the hardship' of an army cook, ancl claiming his cilizenship in France delivered l1is lamb anrl kicl wbich sometime,-, \\'a~; clog-, at Lhc kitchen door.
The {aithfn1 sLlve alt>uc remained nnchang:ed. Simple. obedient and cheerful he pursued t11l' even tcno1 of his \Yay \\ith nnquc.stioncd faith in hls masler ancl wilh nought bnt conternpl fo1 ''clem '(ankee~." Factory thread \\as the tncdium of exchange ill larg-e txansactions. Confederate Jnoncy had lost its va1uc and dollar bills \Yere only g-ood in peanut trades. There were nunots of certain folks having- smne"vhcrc hid away a hundred dollars in g-old, bnt such extravag-ancies \~:ere not generally believed.
IL is strange with universal destitution stating- them in the face that ibe Sonthern people should have still hoped for success; and so ;u Athens the ne\vs of Lee's surrender \Vas re-

---

298
ctived with that dmnb amazcn1cnt which n1ight f(,llO\Y the going out () the sun at noon.
'T"hc confirn1ation of the s111-rcndcr of 1 ..cc CLnd Johnston \Yas follo-\Ycd L~- the feeling of ,-clicf t]~at the war \\as over. The kno\\ ledge that all had been done that C(m]d be done. ! heir p1iclc in the Southern soldier tho11,..;"h snJ-rcndcrcd : the \\-clcoming- his nturn on c\cry hand totk awa;: the keen edge of defeat frmn the South. TlF:b;)lluy day.c;; uf spring. the rcsi ful lcc1ing of bein~-~ lJo11JC to stay. no reveille. 110 forced n1arch. lltJ night attac1..::s. no shrieking ,c.;;hc11, n:1 ping o thr~ minic ball follo\\cd ])y a tl1L1d awl the fall of -l comrade: this blessed repose took ;:t_w;t_l f()J" the time every regret that the hhm-.:: of the pa::::t fcnn ) car:-> had cumc to \\~Ot sc than non~-ht.
.\nd so \\T cntcn=:d npon a nC\\- li lc. \ r1uautity of Confetkraie comtnissary slnccs had been placed iu what is now I<:ppcs-\Yilkin.o; st(Jrc. nndcr lhc charge o -:\Tajor John YV. 2\:ichol.<.::.<Hl. a go-ven11ncnt officer. \Vhcn 1i \Yas cviucnt i.hat lhc Federals would fall heir to these: ::-;npplics a '.~rr)wd of returned soldiers, hoys ancl negroc:-> opened the house and Sa'..::kcd it. nolts of doth, salt. tin kettles and pans, bacon and leather \verc appropriated and carried oft"_. .-\s a matter of conrse this could not be clone \Yith~lllt friction, in the way it was clone. There \Yctc SC\:cral figl1ts, <'tlld a soldier shot old Ccotge. the negro shocnwkcr belonging to Dr. Joe Carlton,

29':->
hreaking his ja\Y bone and spoiling [or life the :-ymmctry l;f his face and llis articnlation. Froni tl-;is 1aid the ~~:mills of \ilH_'ns ol)tainccl -.....-hitc Jlannc1 C1H1',gh to clothe thcn1 fo~- the sttmJncr, ;11Hl tlanncl snit~~ hecantc the popnbr fad.
!<'or a :c\Y months anarch' rcignc<1. bn1 \-_ithout disonlcr. The Lt\YS \\Tlc in force without an_\ one to enforce then!. Jnd;_:cs, .'--he1iJrs and ()tl1cr nrficcrs \Yen: disqu;-tJjii_cd l111't.~] the: had takL'n the oath. The only c::--:crcise uf autoc:?ttic ;::.uthorit_\ dn1iu~ the hiatus \\as the isc:uance h: 'i'lwma:-, Cra\\ ford. a Jc-ft(n ci pn.c;tm~:.:-;tcr of the Con lcdcr~wy, of a private pnst:1ge ~:lamp bear i11 g his name, and one of these stamps !s 110\\-.,-alncd at far IllOtT tl1an the c-niirc ~ala1y en the v)stJnaster then an1(n1ntc<l to.
In the meantime a lJrig:adc ol Federal ca...-alry pndcr ( ;cncral Pahncr---not the one '.dlo r.1.n for f're:~idcnt--in search of ~\Jr. Da\i~. in\;1dcd the t('\\n. sweeping eyer;:ihi.n::.;- before thcn1 In spite of the t.cn11s nf surrender lhe Ceorgia H.ai1J'C;Jd train -,yas thrcnYn hom the track and plun(lcred. smokehouses \\-CIT rifled, houses [orcibL cnte1cd and JolJlwcl, jc-..nJry and v-aluables of e-.ery kiud stolen and the best of the horses taken in exchang-e for bcokcn down animals. I .:1dies were stopped on the st1cets and the hnrscc., taken frnn1 their ca1Tiag-es. Ccntletncq "\'.'LTC robbecl in the open air. One rc.spene<l c-iti-

r

300
.-:en \\as told to deliver his \\atch. Snrpt~i;,cd and iJ,dignaut he was thnJ\\n off l1is guard and .saH1 '"I ha\T nn \\atch.'' "Don\ tdl a lie. T see 1t in your pocket." said th<:> soldier, and proceeded it) appropriate it.
Ccncral Palmet had his heaclqu~u-tcls in the llnnsc when:- .:\Ir. llcnl-_\ flnll lived, no\Y the lmJwrial [iotcl. It is fair to hin1 to say that he did all !Je cunld it.) pn)tcct the citizens and to n:storc their stolen propcrt_v. lt \\'as our first C.\:p<:>ricncc wltl1 the Yankee. and when lte hid us adieu he left an ahiding inlprcssion which ''ill llCYtT facl( fnnn our reJncnibrancc.
Tllc following extract fron1 a kiter ,-cccivccl fnm1 .:\Jrs. P. 11. :\[ell to the \\ 6tcr about these days \Yill he intc;:csting- to the ,-cadcr
"The Fedc:Tal troop:; ca1ne to .\ thens Thursday. ~[a_: 4th, t8()S. 1'hcy ca111c without a nolc nl \\arning. \\-c \\Trc at school; ::\[iss Lipscorn!J Y\as called hurriedly front the rou1n about te11 o'clock. (_) course y,rc suspected son1ething \\Tong, and rushC'd to the windows, although this \\as forbidden, and to our utter horror saw the street in front of the Lncy Cobb full of bluecoats. ] will never forget n1y tcnor. l\'l iss l,ipscomb came in very quietly and with no en1otion (but \\ith a very pale face) she disrniss<:>d the school. She arranged ns in bands fen our Jnutual protection and sent us horne. 11ecanse 1 lived in the country (where the Country Club

301
i~ no\Y) and ,,-onld have to go home alone. she adyiscd me to accept Susie 1-Jills invitation, and 1 \Yent home ,,-ith her and SJ lClll Thursday awl Friday. O!l S:ttunlay thin~.:;s \\ere more quiet. and my father c~unc fur nw in the carriagc and I returned ho111C. f renleJlllK'l- \\ell the incident.-; of those da_;. s. Ed and Jim Th'111las returned Thnrsda_)- fnm1 their coJnniand and stayed wit\1 ::\Irs. l-1ill for our pn)tection; \\'cllJon1 I fill \\a.-; also there.
The Federals took pussessiun of the \\Tatch man office. and issued on Saturday. -:\fay Oth. an e:dra which they sent to all subscril)crs. I ha\-c a copy of it now, preserved thnmgh the thoughtfulness of 1ny father. Ti is vel-y funny, for it represents the editor as Y\Titing the most dreadful things al)out the South. ft also gives ficti-tious extracts from the Ca~-olina Spartan and Salisbury \Vatchtnan to the sanw effect. The next issue the editor took char~~.-c ag-;:tin. and it was truly ann1sing tn n~acl his earnest denial of everythillg that the extra ma.de hin1 say. I gi\"e the iollowing cxLl-act fn)nl the extra, which will prove that 1ny dates arc co1-r-ect: ''l'he Federal forces nncle1- the counnancl uf B1ig. Cen. Palmer entered our place on the 4th inst. The conduct of the troops since their occupation of the tO\\n has been good, ancl reHects great credit upon General Pahncr as a stl-ict disciplinarian. \V-e hupe tbat ou1 citizens \Vil1 endeavor by kind

302
treatn1ent tc:n,\ards the soldiery to cncourage :l cnntinn:J.ncc of the protection -.,-.,.hich they seem \\illing to afford.' People in .\thcns who rcnlember ho\\. those soldiers beha\T<l on Thnrsday and Friday will regard the a1JO\T extract a~:; hitter in)ny.'' \'e1y truly,
.\nni<.:: \V. ::\Teil.

CfL\PTER XXXIX.

ln =.\fa_\- 18G5 a garrison entered the tO\Yl1.

1;tking up quarters in the college chapel :111d
d(nmitorics. and Capt. .\. n. Cree of the Iowa

t ;oops assmne<l con1n1:lnd as l)rovosl ::\ Tar~-h al.

,,ith llcadq11artel'.s in the Phi T<:appa 1-Tall. _\

few \Yeeks later he \\as superceded l1y ::\lajm

:\f. S. E11en of the "".'\c\Y 1rork volunteers. It is

i.._

1mt j11st to these pfficers to say that they did

C\'eJything they could to n1alntain order in the

t~'\\'11. 'l'hcy gave no encott1agen1cnt to the ne~:ro

to abuse his newly g-otten freedom. Capt. Cree

made a speech lo a larg-e r::rn\1.-d of negroes \Yho

had gathered frnn1 tcrwn and COL1ntry, in \\hich

11e told then1 that frecdorn clicl not 111can license

to steal or lo;lf upon the streets, a11d that so

long as he ;vas in CC)}Illlland lahor .should not be

taxed to snpport idleness. T-Ic arhrised then1 to

.~-o to tl1eir homes and ,,-ork fcq their fon11cr

nJastcrs for .such \\'ages as they ,\cmld pay Lhem.

-lli~ address had a sal1.1Lar) effect upon the freed

303
men f(w the titne, 1L<t the delights oi tn.:edmn and the immunit) from \YOd-;: \\en: 1nel hy den lands from the innet man \Yhich \\ere 111ust easily satidled by nucturn;J_l raids npon the henhouse. The facility which de\-elups \\ ith Jnactice 1nade thie\ i1:g a p:JpnLll- busines5, and in l1t1e \\ cck I_JD negroes \YCrc arre:,ted for stealing. SlJllle odd penalties \\ere clcYiscd 1)_\ the Pruvost .:.\J.a;s]Ja~ for t1H..:sc cri1ninals. S01ne \\ere tied np by the Lhnmhs si:ti1ding lipt, ~c. One _\ 1lltJ;g tH..:gTn, \':ell km)\\ll cl1aracter, ::.\L(be l~umncy 1)_' Jlamc. \\a::; taken cmcl one -.;ick of his hecu1 shaYcn cL..a11 frolll tllc middle line do\Yll, tl:e \\":lul Lc;ng lcfl tmtonchcd on the {rlhcr side . . \ hancl \Yitl~ slcc\-l' hole:, cnt in it \\as slipped O\"(T his head, <:tnd on i! the \\onb t <:UJI a thicC" plainly painted . . \nothcr ncgTo \\":IS ~:;inJilar1) tJeat~d, ~tnd the pair \\"Crc 1..ht1s lJlarched th1(1t1gh tl1e sl:-ccL-: \YiLh a f1fe and drun1 tc> the tunc of the "Ro,2;ne< .:\larch." a ilk of ::;oldicrs folln\Ying and a hi:arjou5 crO\\-cl of buys and llCf:?,TOC:, surnn1nding them. _\t another tiniC fottr negroes \Yc:rc n1adc to stand each on an uptnrned barrel for twelve bonrs from six jn the 11101~niug ti11 six in the evening \\'ith pl<tcard~ hnng- frmn thci1 necksone with "f \Yi1l steal,'' and his companion "f will too." _\. g;uanl \Yith a Inn:,kct prevented any attc1npt to esc-ape or even to sit down.
There was a widespread lwlicf among the negroes that at Chri~trnas all the. land \\as to be

304

divided out an1ong then1 and each negyu to b?

,~;Vl'll fnrh acres and a nHile. ,\\Yaitin.~ Jh:~

g;enerous Christmas g-ift they \\"ere indispuscd tcJ

l11re thcmsehes, and tile coming of \\inter gay,~

promise of n1uch destitution an1ong- them. In-

deed, so \Yell assured were they of the pron1iscd

division that Ceneral 'J'ilsou came .from _\ng-usta

to deny it and addressed a mass llJceting of ne-

g-roes on the ccunpus. ach"ising- then1 to g-o t1)

\\'Ork and telling the1n that the expected mnk

and the acres \.YOnlcl not be forthcornning.

The relations between the citizens and the sol-

diers \Verc not cordiaL The ladie.:-; would cross

th(: streets to avoid n1ecting a '{anl.. ee and if one

could not escape she would draw her skirts aside

as she passed, as if he were :;;ome foul and

loaths01ne thing. The young men of spirit rc-

1

scnted the authority .1.ssun1ed by the military.

l,

and \Valkcd about \Vith chips on their shoulders.

,\ proclamation was published by the 1)1ovos1

.:\Iarshal rcquirlug.

1. That pa1oled officers and men non--rcsi-

dents should leave the to'-n1 in t\vcnty fon:-

hours.

2. That any person found on the streets aitcr June Jrd dressed in the so-called Confederalc unifonn wounld be at-rested and lriecl for tnisc1cn1eanor.
3 That all fixearn1s and an111111nition ~hould be delivered to the Provost ::\farshal unless spe-

305
cial pcnnission \Yas giycn in Y\Titing to retain them.
I ..atcr :dl permits \\"CTC n~vokcd and all horses <md 111ulcs \Yith the L". ~- or C. S. \. b1and ''ere required to be rcporlccl to the Pn)\ost .:\farshal. 't'hcrc \YCrc no 111ails. and all letters had to g:o through the -:\farshal':-; office. The ladies especially objected to this mdc1. and solllc of the g-irls \\Tn: kno\Yn to fwnigatc their letter:-; hefore opening thctn. '!'he attitude of the -:\"nrth t()\yanl ::\I r. Davis ancl the rc<lllcsts fn)lll discharged Fcdcn:ll soldiers to l)t.csiclcnt Johnstun tr) he allo\\'Ccl tu l1ang him. the requests accompanied YYith sundry coils uf rope to be used at his cxcculion-all irrilatecl uur people lo cxaspcralion.
Jn Richmond a \\'Olllan could not be n1arricd \Ylthout tc:tking the oath of allegiance. .\ little incident :ecalled to mind sho-\YS the :.;;er:<timcnt towards the Federals. ::\fajor Euen had a fast ho1se \Yhich he used to drive to a buggy \Yith a good deal oi style. One day he drove up to a store on !huad street. jumped out of hi:-o buggy and saying to ]i1n Sa:e who \\as siLting by the door. "\Yatch my horse until [ con1e ont.'' went into Lhc store. Some mischievous fellow nearby cluckccl to the horse and off he \Vent up the sttect. Euen came running out and ~mid lo Saye "I thought I told you to watch tny horse. ' "\\.ell ... said Jinl in his slow \\ay ... I--dicl--\\atch

306
--hin1- uutil--llc--\\ ent--aruund the con1er,- and 1-- conldn 't--scc him--anyn1ore--then ...
\\"hile there -..,as some friction only Ollc difficult; occurred. One u:f the ~nlclicrs \\hen off dui_,- had some \\onls \\ith John 1;ilh:_ps and J:crnanl Franklin. Ccoig-e ~[ason took part in 1~,- and knocked the Yankee do\\-11. The :c:.olclieccalkd his friends and \\"Cnt fur sa1i~faction. There \\a:-; a rally o I the old Cuu federates and Sl tnc slwoting \\as done on College avc:'nue, lnH nohod_,- \\"Cb hurt exlept Ed O'Farrell, ,,ho \Y.:LO :---l~ot in the side by Robert ~\Joc,rc, one o[ our (\\ n Inen. \ squad o[ soldien.:; \Yas sent 011t fnn:, the bar-racks which dispersed the citizens <1.ncl zurcstc( l the YankLes.
In rc~ptmse to ~l request fnnn Dr. Lipscomb, Ccncral StcadmaJJ cvac1.:atcd tbe 1milding~~ on the c~unpus su thar they could he pnt in order fur the 1-eopc:uin.~ of the Colle;:.~;e, and transferred the garrls()n to the Rock Colleg-e. The renwvai o: the soldlers frmn daily contact 'i\ith the citizens bad a salutary effect. and ,,-bile they 1-cm.aincd tllere was no further trouble_ The chapel was left in a wncful condition. The hcnches had been hurnecl, the \\indows smashed. the wall:=:.: jabbed \\ith hayuueb and the old cohnnns made a target for pistol shuts, pleasant l"Clllinclcrs of the late tenants.
The University was once in the possession of the archives of the Confederate Bxccuti....-e. An

307
officer in \Yhose charge they had been placed coming- to J\tbcns in 18(>5 atHl anxious to be ritl of them, turned them over to Chancellor ljpscomb to be hcltl for the l_~nivcrsity-ncithcr of them appreciating tbcir nltin1atc value. \Vhen 7"11L Davis nrts threatened IYith tria1 fc, treason. it was bclieYed by some of his fricud-> that the Executive docnn1cnis \Vonld be evidence in his favor, and upon thci1 achice the papers were deli\rercd io Ccnetal \Vilson upon hi:=-, n:::ccipi to be dcpnsitccl ,-,ith the proper authorities in Y\rashington. h is presnmcd that they arc no\\. there.
The sunnner u_f T865, if I rcrnctnher aright. \\"C!.S marked Ly byo accidents-one fatal, the other almost so. Eel Talmage. a son of \Villiam
r. Talmage, \VetS bathing in the riYcr above
the lower \)ridg-e with other boys. . \ quarrel took place-, -.,-.,-hen ]ln1 KiHle picked up a sh(lt p,Tn 1yin;::; by and pcmrccl the load into Talnwg-.: killing hitn instantly. Kittlc fled anc1 did not !eturn for lllany years. The other acciclenl happened to Thnrnas 2\{. Daniel, who was riding in a hng-gy when the n1ulc ran away. Daniel attetnpted -to jurnp out fron1 behind, and was ihrcnvn to the ground near the 1tethoclist church upon his head, frotn "\vbich he never recovere(l entirely.
The travelling to and fro of returned soldiers and freed negroes scattered snta11pox broadcast

30B n\cr the South. It appeared 1n _\thew; ill the

I

sn1nme1 of iRGs and thcough strcnnous eff01ts \\ ete 111ade io stan1p it out, 180 ca:-,cs \Yen~ n.:pt)rtcd hy Dr. )Iome. \d10 had charge of the

l

lJp.c:;pitals, of \Yhich ten cases died. . \mong these

,, ere Robett Gardner. a \\ell knO\\n ptintcr.

_fnhn Yarborough. and two ncgroe:-:.. Dayy I lull

and ~eel 1Iolbr(Joks. both of \Yhom \YCre highl)

cstecniCd by all the whitl: people.
Juhn Ya1horongh \\as one of the innst men

\

\.-ho ever cuJscd a COil11lH11lit). l-Ie had sonndccl all the depths of every form of ,-ice and depra\-

I

it:-. He \Yas by turns a g<:unblcr. a barkeeper. a

nigg-crtrader, a proprietor of a disr-~pntablc

house. a drunkard and a thief. Smart and ac-

ti\e he attracted )uung- men onl) to debauch tbcrn as the candle attracts the poor moth only tu leave it !Jlackened and disfigured. I1is n1ost

\

notorious den was the "Forks of the Road, .. just

this side of the Xonnal School. and in the nightly

orgies which distinguished it he defied the ]a\\ s

(f the State =-1s \\ell as the 1noral sentiment of tiu:

to\\"11. I I c deserted his wife ancl consorted \\ith

i gang, amongst \Yhom \\"hen stricken by thl

i;:tal malady he cliecl 111iserably. rotting it is .said.

v\"hile he \Y<lS yet alive.

\Vith all their resources dissipated, business of

every kind destn.J)Tcl, their circulating- tnedium

nndcred valueless, our people had to begin at tlJ,:

bottom to make a living. Cotton. which except

'

309

j,l the Fcdc1al lines had been ;t]mosi nnsabhk

now became a marketable coJnmocliiy in active

demand at -+3 cents per pound. Tt ''as the sal-

,ation o the South as it \Yas aftcn,-anls alrnost

its curse. 1\verybndy l.Y11o could command cn:d-

i' bought ~~otton. .:\"inciy per cent of tl1e people

began planting cniton. The returned soldiers re-

paired the old fence and \\ith l1is Gl\'alr~ horse,

or some nld Jnule ,,-hich the Yankees had left

lJehiud. or in 1icu of bcacr, an ox. Lcclckcl the

land ancl plantccl his c;op.

This g-ave hin1 a start. The stock of cotU'll

\':hich had accumnlatccl foe '.Yant of purchasers

110\\. bccatnc a n1inc of gold fur the U\Yncr~ and

an alluring temptation to the speculators. Fort-

nnatcly it brought ready money enoug-h into tl1c

con1mt1nity to set the wheels of trade ancl manu-

facture in 1notinn again.

T'o meet its o-wn expenses the to\\n of .\thcns

j:_.:.stlccl Ss.ooo in promisory notes. T11c ~ ational

l~ank nf \thens was or~anizcd. \\ith 1 fcnry

Bull, Jr. President, and L<. \\7 -\dams Cashier. Seyeral ne\\" firms beg-an bnsincss: E. n. ancl J.

.

Cohen. fronl Charleston. Chllcls & XickersoH.
Sicholson. Reaves & Co .. r ,ucas &. Dearing ancl

1 !ug-gins & Dobbs. Col. .Hug-gins had distin-

guis1H~cl hi1nse1f in the battle of Olustee. antl Col.

I )oJ,bs was a ret1..1rnecl Kentucky soldier.

'fhe Southern Express C01npan;: refitted the

telegraph line to L'nion Point, \Yhich it operated

.I

r

310

for ~l~n:ral ) ears until it becan1c a pa1t of the \\-cstcn1 l -nion.

\

The in/Jux of new moue) ,,as attended by un-

I

settled values and rapid fluctuation" of pticc:-:.

Cotton ,,onlcl ,-ary as nmch as l\\o cents iu

't

t\ycuty-four hones, aud the difference hct\vecn

.''<cw York and .\lhcns {lllOtations \\as frmn 10

1<1 l.) Cl"ll1.'-'. It brought tile cxtravaganl price of -L:c cents a pound in Jnly 1PG5. 1n January 18i)(_)

it \\as --10 and in Fchruar) 35- ] \aeon wa.c; then 25 cents. coru St./5- /lour Stk JKT hand, and this was in greenbacks. \\"bile a fanner saw that \\ith one mule. on a\'CragT 1and he cnnld rai~L: li,c bales of C()tlon, \\hich would bring- hi1n $<JoO i;o ca:-;ll. none nce(l be surprised that the \dwL:

South \Ycnt \dld \\'itlt tllc idea. The valnc of cot-

ion land;.; appreciated, mule:; were bought in the \\'est, and plcn\:; in the Xorih; neither land nu1

time could be spaced fot- corn. wheat or grass. _\ncl so it went even when cotton dropped to 20. and io d:~. and to 15. a11d 12 and 10. \\llilc the

fanner got puurcr and poorer. l~olcr _\foon, \dlO had served as 111arshal of
tlle tcnn1 f()r t\vdvc or thirteen :- c~rs, and had

gone io -:\Iarietta to deliver one of the munlerers

of Capt. Te\Y, un his return home attempted to jump on the car, but slipped and ci1 hcncath iL llis kgs \VClT crushed and he died in a c\\huurs. R()hcrt I\Toorc .:-.ucceeclcd hitn, being pushed closely in a popular vote lJ}' Gc<..xg-c :\1a-

311
son, whose courage in the affair "\vith the Yankee soldiers had won for hin~ 111any supporte1s. \Villiam Shirley bccan1e the lleputy marshal ancl f01 many years he and the town tnnlc were familiar and equally inoffensive figures upon the streets.
The year 18Ci5 dosed with the e=".hibjtion o[ the first circus which had appeared in five years. It 'vas o1cl John Rnbincon's an(l l1ad been lYell ac1vcrtise(l iltJ"011gh tl1e com1tr~. The tetti "\\a~ pitched on the then open lot \Yllereon the Deupn'~-~ block now stands. 'T'he attcncl:1nce --was in1lL1Cnsc. Everybody who con1d get holc1 of 75 cents went. Heligious :..;crup1cs on the part of church-go0rs wetc for the 1nost part thnnvn aside. Rcy. 1-Tanvell Parks. \Yho >.\as stationed ;n Athens at the tin1e. n1ade earnest efforts to a\vaken the :\fcthoclist.!c consciences of his n1en1bers, an(l the clcnvn itnpudently thanked hin1 in the circllS for the advertisernent; but it had been so long since the people had been in earshot of a sho\Y, that they hacl so long heen oppressed hy trouLlcs of various sorts, that the opportnnit:y -,vas not to he lightly thro"\Yn away. It \Yas estitnatecl that the con1pany carried off \vith then1 $1o.ooo as the n.:ceipts fr01n two per forn1anccs, though 1 su:.;pect the ~unonnt \vas exaggerated.
;\ s soon as possible after qniet \Yas restored, schools \VtTC opened for the n1uch-needed education of the yottng 1ncn and hoys. P1of. Rnth

312
c1funl and his ~on. CapL John C. I<.ntbetfonl, had many scholars: CoL ::\lagill, \\hu had lost an ann and had been conmlandant before the surn:nder, and Prof. \YaddclL too. had pupil:.:. The: I ~llc_,- Cobb .fnstitutc began a success Eul career UJHkr _\Iadan1e ~osl10\Yski. Judge L.umpkin rc:-,unJCd his law school. .\tTangemcnts \\ere tnaclc tn n~open tlw colh.:g-c. Dr. L1pscomb, Dr. -:\fell, .\lr. 1~uthcdonl. .:\!1. \Vacldrcll aJJd Dr. Jones \\ere in thci1 places on Januar_\- _sth. t8(i(i, and the :-.cssion opened \Yith sevc11t_; -eight students present. For a fe\\" years afiet the war. the clas.-, or .student;;; was unlike any tl1at hacl evo::,, ;Jttcndcd ccllege be (ore. .:\fan~- of t]lelll \\"Cl"~ gT0\\'11 tncn and n1ost of then1 had been thr-ough ihe costly experience of a fuur year's war, with
all its lessons of endurance and self-den1aL The:
had not cornc for- pastime or to idle away their time. '"fhcy \VCF' in dead earne-st. It was a qucstlon of food ancl rainwnt, a strug-gie for existence. Poorly fitted for a college cnrriculmn, i' \\"ClS only by hmcl -..vork that they kept up ,\-lilJ the requircnKnts. 1~ut those were the 1nen who a fe"\v year;;; !<:tier swayed ibe sceptre of the State and redeemed Georgia from the blighting curse o[ the carpet-bagger.
CIL'\PTER XL.
I ..ct us look back at the topographical charac-

313
tcr of ~-\thenc, at this time for n1any chang-es haYc occurred since then.
The Cc-orgia Rallroad \\<IS the unl~ one cunnecting ns \\-ith the 011tslcle \Yurld. !ts tlcput \\as on top of the hill hey oncl tl1e lo\Yer bridgT. \\here lL rcn1ained fm fifteen years longer, ncccs.'>itating 1nan_y a tin.:son1e pnll in golng to an:l f1 o. ( )n ( koncc street a liHlc above the- church. 1kpnty ::\I arshal Shirle;- lin~d in a t\Yo-stor) fnunc 1tuttsc, and on the opposite triang-ular lot \YaS the old icc hOLlSC. f f01\ lll<lll)- of 111)" readers rcmetnbcr Lhc painfnlly plain old n'd Shirley hou.-;c? ~rr. Shirley \Y<J.S town tnarshaL sttcct co:nmissi.oncL city engineet atH1 chief of pollee all at once. :\fr. Blootnfield once criticizing the city acllninistration cl1arg-ed Lhal Lhe entire street force consisted of "Old ::\Tan Shirley, Lhe ten\ n rr~u1e and a ncgn; won1an in a red Aanncl petti-coat." And \Yhat is more it v..as exactly trnc. J\ft. Shidey was a tni.lcl-eyccl ambb1e rnan, who coulcln'L Lreat a convict barsbl_v. however mnch he deserved it. lfe remained "'on the force'' until IfQ(), when infinnity unfitted hi1n for duly.
Uel\veen Shirley's and tl1e cnrne1 wa~~ the old hotel, then abanrloned to the rats, and connected with the Franklin honse by a briclgc across the street. On Broad street next to the Dorsey house was the old house occupied by the fam.ily of ~'iajor Grady. In that rarnbling old hotel 1-fcnry Grady spent his boyhood and the deserted

314
o!cl ball room was the field where on rainy days lw and the I-Ioclgson boys worked off their exnberant vitality without distnrbing anybody but
tl~emselves.
\\There the Deupree block nO"w is. on the corner stood a couple of little groggeries high off the ground and in the center of the lot the old 'f'hon1as dwelling, at that time a boarding house kept by San1 Pruitt. TlHo: Southern ::\Intual corner was occupied by the Lon1barcl house. vac;,ted by the death of its tenant. a victiin of inietnperancc. The old brick house \vas hnilt by the ::\Iasons, who held their rneetings on the uppcl- floor. At this tin1e the Southern Danner had the first ftoor.
Dr. R. :=\J. Stnith's residence stood adjoining on Clayton street. This will be renwmhcrccl as the handsomest residence in to'lvn in r8ro. CoL Jdul. .\. Cobb lived in it when he firsi GllnC to .\thens. }-frs. Eliza Pope's house stood where Taln1age's hardware store no1v is. Beginning at the Franklin 1-fonse corner vi.rhere Childs & ::\~ickerson had just begun business. one \vonlc1 pass b_v L. P. I-foover, Colt & Colbert, R. .\f.
Sn1iih's drug sto:rc, J. R. and L. C. ~\Iatthews.
Huggins & Dobbs, Snmrney & ~..-CY\ton, A. I<. Childs and F. \V. Lucas, to T. Bi~;hop & Son on the corner. Going back to Xicholson & Reaves corner and passing Pruitt's boardinghouse. we find Pitner & Seytnour, Jas. S. Eng-~

\
I
I

315
land & Orr, Pittard & Sanson<, the Bank of _\.thens, I. l\L Kenney, Crane & Barry; then crossing the street, the Bank corner, the Southern :._rutual Insurance office, ?\frs. T ..-\. 1\clarns, \Vhitc & Ritch. Long's Drug Store, -:\I. -:\Iarbury, .A. S. :\Ianclevillc, \Vhitc's Book Store. .\round the corner were Lt1ll1pkin & l-Iemphill. ~\kDowcll, \- onclcrlieth and the postoffice. Opposite was \Y1n..\. Taimaclgc's jewelry store, ).f. :~dyers. E. D. & ]. Cohen and the ::\cwton F!onsc office on that corner. _\1 r. BlootnficlcJ's n:siclcnce stoocl opposite Dr. Sn1ith's on Clayton street and next to hin1 on the corner was Burpee's carriage shop.
The space arcnncl the old to\\ n spring was all open and wagoners hon1 the up country used to camp then~. .\las, that bolcl spring -\yherc thousands have quenched their thirst. shaded by gJ;"and olcl oaks under which great men in Geot-gia used to loll. is covered up by Dozier's lun1ber yard ancl its once limpid waters seep through the soil into a dirty drain bclow.
The streets were in a bad condition. Deput_;' Shirley with the town rnnle ancl a negro, encleavorccl to fill tire hoies and keep then1 passable. The Je\v 1anlps lit by gas made from poor pine were little better than the tallow dip and on a still, starlit night the oot passenger in crossing a strc.et was as liable to alight in a pool of water as upon the ~pot he thought con1parativcl_v

316
dry. Co-\YS we1e pastured on the stn'>eiS and at night hcnled at \Yill upon the sicle\\alks. f-logs ran at large. dispensing sweet odo1s on the C\ en~ il!g." air and bearing their young unblushing!_, h~ the front gate. The prirniti,c cnstotn of dttnlping all the trash and refuse of the hm..lsehold over the back fence ,,-as in ,-ogne. enrich~ ing- but not ennobling the adjacent soil, and alongthe fence where there \Yas no siclc-..Yalk. the \Yceds .~re\\ in thickets dense enough to hide a compa ny of sharp-shooters.
Fron1 the "Xortheastern depot to the river \\as a virgin fon:::st known as Dr. \\-arc's \YOods. and this side the depot we1c ctlliivatec1 fields or pastures. ~..,. ewtown was an old pine field. Back of the houses on ()conee street \Yerc woods and COLl fields. ancl the boys bathed in the river at an~ point bet\veen the bridges secure fron1 the public gaze. Indeed, "the Lake" on Trail creek and the "shallo-..v hole" and "Dearing's fence" on the river. \Vel-e the successive stag-es in the swinltner's education. After gTaduating at "D<."aring-'s fence'' a boy might go in "Carr's poncl'' at will and learn to s\vin1 around "the pines," 'vhich. ston11~scarred and dead, stood sentinel at the head of the poud. "J\.foore's branch'' was a dan~ gerous, though popular place. Several boys have been drc.P.-Yned there who were antbitious beyond their c1bility to swirn.
Cobbhant was a town ln the \Voocls. Forest

317
trees stood here and there in the stn~cts, \YhiclJ ungraded. rose and fell -ith the undulations of the adjoining !uts. E,cry Jut hacl its garden ;mel the family CUIY \Yas uhiqnitons. -::\o clatic~ ing milk-tllan llnr hacks. nor early train::-, clistt:rhccl the slumbers or the cad_\- 1J101TL The onl) uain of the time. the ".\then:-~ Jlranch," lefL at the genteel honr of nine and rctu1ned at fiYe. There \Yas no need of haste and life \\'as live.] at lei.stlle.
The year J8(i() 1vitncssed a general rc\ival (>i : lmsiness. of cdncation and of religion. :;e,~
firms infused nc,,- life in all places (l[ business. 'I'lle int-1ux of students of both sexes added liL~ and income to tbe town.
The first observance of ~1 cmoria1 Day occurred .:\fa~- 4th, when an addtcss suitable to tl!e occasion was clelive1ecl by Gen. \\'n1. :\1I. Bro\Ylle.
The first commencetncnt--after the \Yar-was held July 4th. The old interest in this day rcviycd and the attendance was increased by the adoption of the clay by the freedmen as their indepencleuc-e day, and the report that had been spread atnong them that every one \voulcl be fined $5 \vho didn't con1e to tO\Yn. Great crowds flocked to the can1pns and \.\'ere \.vith son-Ie difficulty kept out of the chapel. The conm1encen1ent tnnsic was furnished by local colored talent. and Billy Holbrooks, Ton1 Reed and \Ves Drown

31~
\\ith fiddles and clarionct, dispensed the san1e olcl tunes, 111ade fan1iliar at 111any a dance. On con1mcncen1ent day, however, they were required to bring out their brass horns, an act which produced the keenest regret in the audience.
. \ revival of religion in the fall o I 8(i6, \vhich was begun ancl carried on in the :\Iethodist chnrch during the pastorate of Rev. ~fL Fades spread throughout the con1n1unity ancl n1orc than eighty cmncrt.s joined the church.
The old store on Droad street long ago occupied by Daynon & Ritch, but then by L. ~\. Dugas \\as entirely constnned by fire in that year, but ).1r. I31oomfic1c1 v..ith characteristic energy began to rebuild before the bricks grew cold. The gas \vod<s were rcnovate(l ;;u1(l la1np posts put np on the principal streets. The complaint vas 111aclc that in locating the lan1ps the corntnittee placed one, then went until they could no longer see the light fron1 that, and set the next one.
.:\. l"ast train to ~- cw York \Vas put on over the \V. & .-\.. R. R., "\vhich tnadc the trip in 67 1-2 hours, ancl the freight on cotton to ~T ew York was reduced to $5.80 per baie. In spite <Jf this and a Fcdctal tax of 3 cents a pound cotton sold readily at .35 cents in Scpten1ber.
The new .firn1 of Reaves & hnnnby began in bnsincss which a little later bccan1e Center & Rea>.'es and for years did l1y ar the largest business of any firn1 in )..Tortheast Georgia.

319

The year 18GG \vas prolific in deaths of plmnin-

cni citizens of .\thcns. ln January .\fr. ..:\sbtny 1Jull clicd sndclenly while reading his Uible at his hon1e. ~Ir. 'r'hon1as Bishop, an olcl1nerchant, diccl in .\pril. and ~lr. \bijalt Conger clie:d rJf
paralysis, ag-ccl B-+. J nly \\as marked by the
death of l)t. 1-foyt, pastm of the Presb) tc1ian church. Dr. lloyt catnc to .\thcns in 1830 and or thirty-six years n1inistcrecl to his flock s.har-

ing in their joys. and their sorrows. :\lany ol th<.>m he held at their baptism, heucl the peal of their \>:cchling bells ancl listened to thei1 fnneral toll. 1 !e \\as succecdccl by Rev. :\h. !~nrkheatl. Cen. ".\[. L. Srnith also elieel in July. :\IL Ross Crane in October ancl :\faclan1e ConYaiu in ~<o vembcr. In the first half of 1K()7 Prof. James. P. \\~aclclell, Capt. \Y. H. Dorsey, _\fr. Th<Hnas

_\loore ancl Judge Joseph Il. Lumpkin died. The people of ~\ thens were just settling down
tn the ne\\. orcler of things and the negroes. wen.' adjusting thetnse1-ves to their new relationships. \\hen the Reconstruction ~\cis fell upon the South ljke a fire-brand in a po\Ycler tnagazine. 'I'his iniqnitous legislation a\\akenecl all the passions which had slumbered after four years of war and rapine. \\There had been colcl dislike

now sprang up bitter hatred ancltnalignant scorn.

.~

The fires which \Yere kindled then burned long and fietcc. and alas! the cn1hers are still snwk-

(

ing.

I

{

. l ":Hceo" '''"'e'' '" "e ''""'""' w'''"' Hwoe

bolical lllCdSlllTS pnJ<:nkcd. In the ebn1lition o[

\

thai period tl1e mean "poor \Yhite'' (:allle to the

I'

top. like scmn upon the poL T-T e associated \vith

the negro 011 terms of cqualii_y and in Jltost cases

tlH:- neg-ro \Yas the Jnore 1-cspcctahlc. De(_\ ing the

scorn of llis fon11er fticnds and associates, he

l1oh-nohbcd with the Yankee soldier and the

scalawag to nwnipulatc the negro ancl control

l1is vote. 'l'hc respectable clcJnent being clis-

franchisecl. the rascally tdunrvlrate held the

reins of authority.

Early in this pctiod of oppression the Cnion

l.,caguc 111::Hk its appearance in a procession

\Yhich paraded lhe streets, headed hy a ncgto 011

horse-back \Yith :-;ash and sword, \vhilc a horde

of ig-nut-ant hbcks with a mixture of t-enegacle

whites tratnpccl behind. -:\raking their way to th..:

old .. I farden Shop.'' they obediently transacted

the business of their leaders. \Vith all the impres-

siveness of surrounding coffins, skulls, and cross-

hones. and brandislJiug of swords ancl pistols.

the negnws \Yere s\vorn with great oaths tn

"vote the ticket."

Later political Jnectiugs \Yere held there and in

one of thet11 _\] Richanlsnn tnade an incendiary

,..;peech \Yhich led to his being killed by the Ku

Klux. Subsequently the old :-;i1op becanw the

repository of broken down aristocratic furniture

awaiting the rejuvenating hand of _\ntonio Gara-

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kddi, and nn1ch horse hair, velours, silk dan1ask and sucl1 like >Yhich had been very ncar to tender profc~sions of love and tcyclations of political schcn1cs, \Yas ruthlcs;;ly tocn a\yay and consig-ned t\) the rag pile thctc.
l"nclcr the forced n~gistration la \\- the \Ylliics \YCl"C g-reatly in the n1inority, and under the ruling of l~cncta1 J )ope which 111adc the count_\ couJthousc the only precinct, but fc,, of these cared to go seven tnilcs to vote. llo\\cvcr, at tl1c last nwtncnt, CoL Daggett changed the polling place to .-\ thcns.
The first election for the legislature in the era of reconstruction resulted in the choice of :\Iacli..,(111 Davis oyer James T. Sansom. ~\lat Davis \\as then. a leader of his race; to his credit be it said he \\as always on the side of law awl order, and his int-hlen,_c a1nong his peupk \\as :d\\ays for peace. :\T~d was to all appearances a \Yhite n1a11. Indeed, \Yhen negroes \\ere expelled hom the lcg1slatnre in 1 8(J8, ~1 at \\as not disturbed in his tennre of rJf(icc. (Jnce \\hen in \\.ashington City ~\lat went to a hotel and be fore registering .c;aid to the cierk ''l thiuk I should lcll you sir. that 1 am_ a colored 111an. \\'hereupon the clerk said ''lf you had not said S< l \vould have assig-ned you a room. hnt since you tell me you are colored you cannot stop at this hotel." So "\fat ~;ttolled nn until he came t'J a hotel for neg-roes. 11ut as he proceeded tq

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n_'gister the clerk saicl to hi1n: "You cannot sto1_J here; this hotel is exclusively (or colored people.'' ''J~nt 1 an1 a colored man,'' said :\[at. ''\-on 1nay ])e, but you a1e too \Yhitc for tllis hotel," .said the clerk. . \nd but for an .\thenian in the city \\ho knc\\- him and took hirn in, :\fat n:i.~ht have walked the str-eets of \Vashingtou a~l 11:gllt looking fur a place to .c:lccp.
CI L \I '1'ER XLI.
Those ,,-llo did not gn th1ongl1 the pcriod of reconstruction cannot appreciate the conditi11n of a-ffaiJ-s in those troublon,c; tin1cs. Thon1as l)ixon'.s Clan.srnan is not exaggerated. The in.snlencc of the lately f:-ccd slave \Yas intolerable. Idle, \'enal, often bestial, encour-aged to self assertion ])y \\hitc rcnegadcs and hacked by the JK}\\cr of the !<'1ecdman's !htn::an, he \Yas a n:enacc to society. 1 [ \\e appealed from his rascalit: it was to a corrupt Jndgc. 1f we puni~hed his insolence \YC paid a fine to the FrecdJnan ':-; I ~urcau. 1 f \\ c resorted tc more serious rcpl-isal...- we we1e carried under arrest to i-\tlc~nta and probably jailed.
ln the towns the aggregation of \Yhite men held in check the negTo, ht1t in the village and in ihc country they were fast becoming a terroL \Von1e11 feared to go ont alone and every 111an n:nt armed. 'I'o check tl1is growing evil this threatening horror, the Kn Klnx Klan \vas or-

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ganized. This ,,as no body of faniastics out for

a frolic. Ti 'Xas cmnposcd of bands of earnest

.111en bent on serious bu.sines;.;, determined l! J

maintain the -intc.~Tity ol their h01nes, to rid the

com1nunity of dangerous characters and restore

peace and .c:ood order to their country.

fn Clarke County the Kn hlnx cmnpri'Jcd

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some of whom an~ nO\\" living in ~\_ihcns ancl arc

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\n~ll kno\Yll to the \\Titer. They \\ere aided and alwaccl l)y older men of character and Jnean;:;. ;nenll)cr~; ,)] 1:1c \-arious churche~ and cstecn;ccl

for their 'Xorth. The~ were o:ganizcd in bands

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of i\Ycnty or thirty. each under a Captain. \\'hen there \Yas work for the band io do a notice \\as mysteriously nailed to the stahlc door to

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meet at the uo;ual place at such an hour. These

notices \Y(.:rc phrased in mystcrion.s \\ onb \Yhic:l

Lhc: n1cmbc1- :_:ndcrslood \Yell cnr,ug1J but \\ hich

might well appall the uninitiated \Yho sitould

1T<vl them. .\ssemh1ed at the Jlleetlng place in

disguise the word was passed in secret what \Ya;

tr. he the nigllt's \YOrk. This usually consisted

in visiting the house of son1e idle negro who had

made hin1self obnoxious, terrifying him_ with

ghostly scenes, vvhipping hi111 into submission,

then \\0xning hin1 that unless there \Y<l.S a radical

change in his conduct a second call \Youlcl prove

more (Hsastrou;,.

Only one such visit in this County is ren1en1-

berecl to hayc resulted fatally. :\1f Richardson.

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a ncgTo, '.\ :10 h~td been cnnniecl in a JllCJllbcJ u( ihc I ,cglslaturc !tad made himself e:drcJncly uiJnuxiuu:-> to Lhc ~\"1-:;itc people, S\\Tlling \\ith insollncc and inciting (lihcr negrucs to devilish deeds. ( )nc nigl1i the I--.: u Klux about fort~\ strong \\Tnt to hi:-, honsc and <.:~dlcd !Jim out. l J c rct1:::.:atcd to ilic ::tHlc and the door \\as bn)kcn op(_:-n with an a:--..:_c. \ 1natch \\-~ls strHck and l_llc 1:cp;ro located and 011 ~1is rcfu.,;al to conw Ullt lJc \\ clS :Jtoi. J,eaving hi111 fur dead, the detail ca1nc 01~t, 1Jut ~Ls the last 111an came dcnn1 ibc narnn\" :-otair the \\"CH.lJHlcd negro reached fur his g-un ~u;d .<;hot hint. ]-lc was a handso111e: _, oung fc11ow, popubr ~md bra\ c. lie died and \':as buried lhat night. The negnJ :li(:d ..;c\-cral days later.
.:\lany thing-s \\"Crc done in dwsc day,c; and Io: a long ti1ne ~tft-cnvards in the nanw of the Kn h:ll1x \\"(lich \\-otdc1 have been better lcfi undone, and \vith \\.d;.ich the ree-d organiz<liion had noth ing \Vhatcvcr to do. Su1netin1cs \Vhcn called o-ut [or :~cric'tlS \Vodc they had their tun. For !n"tancc \\hen ~\Iy','T St.:.:1n. rllcn a recent comer from the fathcrbnd. \\"as doing a peripatetic trade in notion::;, he unhoppily n1et a baud of Ku l<Inx all in ngulation disguise. They orde-n::d him l.o lay du-..vn hi:-, stock in trade and bring\\ater rum_ a ::;pring while they c;at on their horse:-, and told llltn Lo hurry up. if e <k~lacc:-:

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this da) that every ~nan of then1 drank a fall h ;ckct of water_
The day u the Ku 1-...:::Inx has happll) pass.cd. l,awlco..;s it 'Xas if you plea~~e, but U1osc who pretended to ~Hhninistcr the la\\ in thai -lay \\TIT still rnorc la\dl'5S and thcrc arc ucca~,icns \\-hen the written law mnst yl:::ld to Lhc instincls oi ';e] f prcscrva1 iou.
But \vhile occa~;ional cioh, some blood'>lwd aPcl a few homi~.::idcs occurred, ncne ~Jf iho~;e vinlcnt measures to ;)totect ~;ocicty \\-ere <'.do1Ylc<l :n .:\thcnns, \\hich scenwd ncccsc,ary in other place'>, and >VC managed to 1naintain fairly _;_;ood order i: the lown.
lt is rather !cnwrkablc Lhat '--:-ith ~_so hotheaded :>tndents :ott the State L"ni,cr:;ity so little Lronbk occtttTcd. /\_Ibert Cox's C<J111111Cncen.lent speech iL is tn1c brcnght down the direst thn':ats from Ccncral 1)ope. and the chief incmnr: of the college 'xa;; f(H a \Vhik \VlLhhclcl.
'l'hc: i.nlcn:;c political excitcnlcnt of the reconstruction !JeTiod -was at its height in J8CJ7. \Ir. 1\cnjanlin I I. 1Iill had finished that remarkable series ')f letters. -~<otes on the: :.:;itu;Jtion." (~ov cnwr I ~r0\\"11 had cac;t his let \\ith the R<~dical:.:;. \Yho were at-raigned against the mtc1ligcnce and integ-rity o I the: :State .
. \t Lhc CUillinencernent o{ that year dnring the exercises of the junior cla~s .. \lbci"t J-T. Cox, r;f La(~rangc. carne npon the: ~'Lag-c. ILtndsotnc:.

326
v,ith a clear voice and graceful 111anncr, he soon caug-h{ the attention of the audience. llis sub~ jcct was "'l'he -Vital Principle of ~.,.ations." IIav~ ing delivered his introduction, he entered upon his speech, which, for true eloquence. close rca~ soning and pu1-c audacity, has never been equaled lJy tlw production of any other student on that stage. I-fc arraigned the Republican party and scored the scahnYag without n1crcy. \Yithout using his ncune, he attacked C-ovcrnor 11n)\Yll and ]1elcl hin1 up to tlw gaze of the audience as a traitor to his people, turning to him as he sat \Yith the trustees on the stage and pointing at hin1 in scorn. The whole ::Judience \Yas wili1 th'=' young speak'='r, and, \\ith glowin.::.:; faces, gay2 hnn unstintcd applause. ~f r. I Till sat ncax hin1 and visibly encouraged hirn by voice and gesture. Covcn10r Brown across the stage sat placid and unmoyed. It was a scene never to be fo1gotten, and when Cox retired Iro111 the stage atnid a stonn of applause and a shower of bouquets, he ,,-enL \Yith 11101(:' rl'putation n1aclc cltning that brief half-hour than n1any a man 1nakcs in a lifetime.
This audacious speech threatened to be 111ore serious in its consequences than anyone drecunecl at the time. Georgia \\-as under 1nilitary control, and General John Pope, of ''I-Icad(LUalters in the -Saddle fan1e, con1mancling at A_tlanta, issl1cd an order closing the college and withholding the pay1nent of the eight thousand clollars by the

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State. Chancellor Lipscotnb visited Gcnetal Pope ancl secured a revocation of the first order. It was intin1atcd that if ~fr. B. I-I. Hill, who had 111aclc hi1nsel f especiall~y obnoxiuns to the oppre:-;sors, would resign his trusteeship and the profe~ sorship of law to which he had been recently appointed, then the displeasure of the autocrat \'\'oulcl be appeased and he tni,;.;ht pen11it the cnrrent tu rcs11n1e its flo,v. ~-\ correspondence ensued behvecn General Pope ancl Cencral Grant i1' relation to the tnatter. :::\1r. 1-Iill visited President Johnson and c;encra1 Grant in the interest of the college, and it \Vas not until a special tnceting of the board had been held to issue an address t,) the authorities at \Vashington. that the appro~ pdation was 1estored.
.-\s an illnstration of the dictatorial measures \vhich the District Connnanclers assnn1ecL General Sickles Yvho was in cmnrnand in Charleston, entered a street car sn1oking. The conductor apptoachecl and said in a respectful manner: ''It is against the rules of the cornpany, sir, to smoke in ibis car.'" "Oh well,'' said ihe General, '"you n1ay consider the rules snpercedecl until 1 atn through stnoking." The arbitrary cmntnands of rnilitary satraps were received with iU,...conccaled discontent, and there was rnuch irritation ef,pecially among the younger n1en.
;\. cettain l\Jajor JZnux, an agent of the Freedman's Bureau) and whose name has been hancle1l

328
dU\Yll iO COJO!-ecl poste6ly ill f"'l10X fnstitlltC. siEtred in ihc contc1npt which inycstc~l the carpctLa.~.o,-crs. ln a difficult_:- with Tmn FricTson. he shot the lattu in tlw thigh. lmt \\a:o acquit ted on the plea of sclf~clcfcnsc, thoug-h it IY<l>' shuwn that FricrsoE was not arnJcrL fio\\Tver, the conscnati~nt and goc)d sense of the citizens of "\thcns prcvcnicd any sc1;on:s collision ;:me: in the cotn-sc of<'- year or i\HJ they had complete control nf their O\Yn affairs.
Cl-L\J"I'ER XLTL
ln 1Rh7 some sales of r~~al estate gave p1omise or nwtc life to the tcn\'n. The home of the late )lr Asbur_y I-[ull was solei for $Sf,OOO, and -:\Ir. l~cnja1nin J-T 1-fill bought t:1e john T. Crant house i~ wa': said f01 $2o.ooc. 'f'he Cniversity sold tl1e 1iiangle be~wcen liroacl and (Jconec Street:;, \vllc1eo1-.. tile o1(: "ice ho1.1Sf:''" wa.<-~ situated, for $25'::-;. lt is nu\v covccccl Cy Billups Phinizy':;;; \\archcntsc <:md is \\'(xth many liDlCS that suJn.
The populatio:tJ o:!: Athens accnrcling t:; a census taken in J.[ard~ 18G7, \va~~ 4,203, o whon1 J 50 were s"tt!dcnts. 'l'he taxable ::noperty rctn;ncd th"t yc";- amounted t>J $' ,00 7,000. Of this $2T2, roc '"a~-~ stock :n trade, $65,400 household f-Lirniturc, $22,700 horses, $I5,900 carriages ;lnc~ $721~8oo rC'aJ estate. The healthfulness of the town was never bettci. Ucawnstrated than in

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the death-rate the folln\Ying year, \\hich accordto the report wa.s 20 \\hites an(l 47 blacks. fitst evidence of nmterial gTnwth after the
\\at \\as thr_:: building: of Deupree ()pcra J louse.
::\Ir. Lewis J. Dcupn::e, a wealthy citizen of Lcx-
iugton, purchased the ol<.l TlHJnlas place for S1o,ooo, and erected the three-stoc; building on the cnn1e1 \Yhich bears his natne, Captain Jobu \\'. nn1n1by supen.risiug- it and Ccurg-e J\lanes doing the work. 'r'hc stores in this bui.1cling \Yen' consicle1e(l the fllJesl a:H.l choict'st iu the town. They were in Lhc he3xi: (lf the business portioa. Soon aftcTwanb the rickety olcl betel of two generations b;:tck \Yhicl. once entertained a President of the l:-nited States, \Yhec. vac1te<l by the f;.mily of -:\Ta_ior G1ady, \\"8.S tmT~ c1own and gave
place to new stn1-cs huilt L: S. C. Dnbb5", and J.
Vl. Collins. The h1wci bridge, which had be-en washed
away by the freshet of 1g05 and and replaced by a toll bridge. was no-..-v rebuilt and thn:::n~,-n open to the public. 'I'lw.t bridge was adapted to railroach but. not to \vagons; and after a fcv-,r years
it careened to one side a:rd ,,,.2.:- coPdemncd.
The 1cnvn sustained a loss in T8Ci7 in the re11lOval o[ ::\1r. Tlenry T-Tull to Ne\V Odcans. Mr. IJ ull was not only one oi Lhe handso1nest of 111en, but there was an C:'lcgancc in ltis manner and a cllann in his conversation_, vvhich few persons possess. 1-Ie tesignecl the presidency of the

330
X ational Bank to accept a si111ilar position iu :-(ew ()rleans. :\Jr. I-Iull was a public-spirited citizen and prmninent in every clepart111ent of social life. I-I e was one of the builders of the Lncy Cobb Institute, a Trustee of the l}niversity, and one of the prornoters of the ()conee Cen1etery. IIe died suddenly in a street car in Savannah, wl1cre lle had for son1e years been a prominent banker.
_.'\ greater loss \vas the sudden death of Gener-al 11 owell Cobb, \vho died in ~~ ew York on the 6th of October frotn heart failure while ascending the stairs in Fifth _:\venue f [otcl.
The funeral services of General Cobb were held in the college chapel on October 15. The innncnse crowd of citizens and the n1any visitors fro111 other cities, "\vho attended, atttcstecl the love o-f his people for the dead statesn1an and friend. It vvas a singnlir coincidence that General Cobb and \Villian1 J-Iope I--Iull, forn1er law partners. and always warrn friends. should hoth have died suddenly \vhile visiting tl1e sarne city-the one in a hotel at the side of his wife. the other alone upon the door-step of a stranger.
Willian1 llope T-I ull w;s born in Athens in 1820 and graduated \vith first honor in 1838 in the class \vith VVillian"ls Rutherford, Ferdinand Phinizy, Shelton P. Sanford, Benjan1in R. Paltner, and John LeConte. The last survivor of that

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331
class. DL LC"\Yis C. ~ \ndcrson, of ~-\ vpalachcc. is the oldest living _,_\htnunts of the Gnivcrsity.
JJope Hnll was in his early days activc in politics <-uHl was a tluent and elocpJcnt speaker. J-lc \\as au enTincnt lawyer but was -..yithont any ambition for office. 1-lc accepted the office of Solicitor of the L_T_ S. Treasury at the urgent request o HoYcll Cobb, tl1c then Secn~tary, hut dcc1incd a!1 appuintnH::nt on the Snprcn1e Court of Cco1gia. In his younger clays he loved a lady who was warntly attached to hirn, but bcr father forcl~d her to break the engagen1ent on account of his habits. The disappointment affected his whole after life. J-1c rcfonnecl his habits. becarne an a~clent adYocate of tctnperance. hut ncYct tnarried. :\lr. [Tu11 vyas a n1an of great h1m1ot atHl 111any ,c;torie,<.; are told of him and .Howell Cobb \\ho \Yas his law partner and intimate frien<l. Once Secretary Cobh was floodecl with invitations to 1nakc addresses on various occasions an(l -:\'lr. tlnll c01ning in lle said, ''llopc, 1 declare I am bothered to death \V1ih these invitations to make speeches. \Vhat shall [ do to stop it?'" '::\Take one,'' was the reply. ::\fr. 1Tnll diecl suddenl .v. in Xev.r Y'""ork in r8R2. }Ie had gone to the theatre ancl feeling badly left the house. .:-\hour n;iclnight he was found si~ting on the steps of a ho11se ne<.:1x by. dead, and so passed away one of the greatest lawyers at thl~ ~eorgia bar.

332

\

good citizen was Lewis J. Lampkin, quem-
dam sheriff, trader, auctioneer ancl hotel kecpeL He was a1niable and fnll of hwnor and thctefore

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popular, slo-w of speech and shrewd. .\s an acn-iioneer he was i11irnitablc and had a way of

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inveigling a bidde1 to raise his O\Yll bid that no

other anctioncer conlcl equal. ::\lr. Lam_pkin was

a g-oud ::\Jethoclist and took a professional interest

itt raising" subscriptio11~ to church pu1poses.

\her many ups and downs he clie(l qnitc well off.

onning besides other prope1ty half the hlock

\-,-here l1is son Cobb is nO\\. in husiness.

Unt recurr-ing to r8()7 the old Confederate

"\nnory \vas sold by the Cook's to the .-\thens

::\lannfacluring Ccnnpany, for $20.000. ::\[r.

I;lomnfield fon:seeing the expansion of the con1-

pcmy's business removed all the loon1s to this

building and converted it into a weaving 111ill.
n e built a number uf cottages fot the operatives.

and that their bodies should not he provided for

ai the expense of their souls. he also built St.

.:\Iaq church, naming it fcH ?virs. J.lary Daxter.

a stockholder in the factory, vvho had recently

died. It was said that i\'fr. Dloon1field locat-

ed-the lines for the walls. pnt the masons to w01-k:

and being called av,/a:v fron~ tO\Vtl told then1 to

build them straig-ht up until he should return.

neing detained longer than he expcciccl. vvhen

he can1e hack he found four walls about h\ enty

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feeL high wilhoul a sign o{ a doo1 01 window in them.
The Aclan1s fatnily who lived bchnv :.\T1s. 1-[ctxden \Vcre singularly handsome people. The fathC:T died eady but }'hs. :\dams lived son1climc after the \\-at a very dignified, very hanclso1ne ancl i'. \Fts said a \"el-y high tempered l)ld lady. /\s 1 remember thcn1 her children all n~scrnblccl her with classic features and steel gray eyes.
Tfahcrshan1 ;\clanls bcccm1c a preacher of influence in Lhc ;..Icthoclist Church.
FlounlOJ' \V. or Ferdy ..~\clams a~~ he \vas gcnc:Tally kno\Y11 v;as Cashier or the !\.~ational Bank and a most capable officer. 1-Jc was exlntnely courtcou~; and very quick tcrnpen~d. \Vilh hin1 it \\as a ,~_-onl and blo-w. Once several of us \vere silting on the steps o[ the old Post (Jffice waiting for the tnai1 Lo open when J\Iajot Adarns c:atne out of the door. .As h~ passed down one o E the party asked "'Who is th<:tt fellow?" Tn1n1.ediately ::vrajor Adarns turned and said "Yon called me a feJlow, sir!'' and catching hin1 by the collar jerked hirn clo\Vll the steps and a fig-ht was prevented only by Coth being held down. }...Iutual friends brought about ntutnal apologies and averted a challenge to a duel.
:~VIajot J\dan1s went to ;{cv; York about 1872 and en_gagccl in business. I-Ic always hctcl a horror of sntallpox ancl strange to say died of that disease.

334
CFL\PTER XLIII.
But while the pol-itics of the State was in the last stage of dccotnposition and adventt_u-ets \\'CTC fattening on the treasury, our people \YCrc in1proving tl1eit tDater.ial condition and especially giving more attention to nC\Y rnethods of fanning.
The Southern Cultivator. then owned and edited by Dr. \Vtn. Louis Jones. was the only agricultural paper pnblishcd in the South. jt had a l;:rgc circulation. with snbscribcrs in .Ans1xalia and -:\.Tew Zealand. and it \vas the nltiJn<rle authority on Southern fanning-. The little brick house ncar ihe northwest cornc1 of the campus i~1tel_\- torn do\Yll by "0,'fr. EchYards, was built Jor its hon1e. and Rev. EDison Stone, with a little help, did ali tile printing. The Southern Cultivator, I n1ay rcJDark 1n passing- was first publi.<Ohed by Dr. Janws Tinsley in 1842 and after-
\Yard"S edited by Dr. Daniel Lee and Dr. J an1e~
Catnak. Then it was edited and owned by \Vil1-i~u11 -::\1. \r\Thitc, and it wa::: hi3 pride that lt \Yas the only periodical in the South that neve1 rnissed an issue througlH)l1t the four yeaLs of tl1e \Yar. ~f r. \Vhite was a \Yell kno\vn write1- on gardening and so!d out a prosperons book business to devote him."cl f to that l~ongenial pursuit~
:\wheat club was forn1ed by :J. dozen gentlen1en of _\thcus. the n1e1nbers contesting for a silver pitcher costing $125. \Yhich was to be cnvarcled

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tn the largest yield oi \'l.rlH?at on a single acre.

Dr. l:Lunilton \Yon the prize \Yith 45 1-2 bushels.

and l\Ir. Edwanl Bancroft \Yas a close second

''"ith 44. .\ few years later :_\Lr. Hancroft raisccl

the yield 1)I an acre of coUnn on his town lol

\Yith Lhe cnonuons n?.snlt of 5 1-2 ba.lcs. This

being published abroad, created a demand fm

''lku1croft's seed." which for :cars paid 1li1n a

good income.

'r'l1c first illustration Y\T had of a farm_ eqnippetl

\Yith late-.::.t 1nachincry and cnnclncLed on rn_odcrn

and ::\orthen1 lines \Yas Jollll .\. ::\feckcr's. John

)Jeckcr's father can1c South in 1~57 and John

gTe\Y up \Yit11

boys." lie inherited a nice

property and took to farming. I I c bought about

200 acres including the old field ont on ::\Iillcdge

.'\yelHlC. 1--fe built barns, tore np the T1crm11da

.sod \\ith t\YO horse p1mxs, 1Jarro\YCd and rolkd

i'_ and put on Lons of 1nanure. I I c introduced

1110\YCls. horse rakes and su1ky plows. ITc lmilt

l1ay JllO\YS ancl bi_g- wagon frames, and raised

ciover hay. and pig-s a11d Jersey co\YS. Ilis oats

ancl \Yl1cat were sonLctl1ing to sec and hardly a

day passed bnt smnc old ante-bellUJD IIaysccd

\rjsitc(l -:\Iceker's [anl1 to admire the progn:ssive

young fanner.

John \Yas an cnthnsiasiic fanne,- and it \\as

fortunate that he had capital to offset losses and

that he \Yas not dcpenclenL on his [ann fot a li\--

ing. Tl1e farn1 did not pay in dollars but it did

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iD fun anJ it 1vasn't until bills beca1ne due which John couldn't pay 1:hat he ~old his place an(l nK)vecl to \r.irginia when~ he died two years ago.
\Vhen the Tn1stecs hacl becon1e ashatnccl of tile appe.::tr.:tnce of the Catnpus ~ anthority 'xas glven the rrudential Con1mitiee to itnprove it.
}fr. !). J. tkrckn1ans, of ~'-ngw>t;.J., generously
contributed many shrubs and plants J.nd Julln ::\1 eekcr \Yas engaged to clo the '.Votlc. T-Ic did it \vdl. lIe plo-wed and crossed-plowed it, harnnved and rolled and dug- clown and filled in; he laid out the wailc~, planted the shrubbery and so\vccl ;:;rass. .:\fter he had fi!:isllcd it up son1c oi the boys \\ent to one of the drug stores boug-ht it.<- entire supply o turnip seed and so1ve<l thcn1 on the gronnd. The season \\as propitious :mel in titne there was as pretty a crop of salad on Lhe Campus as anyone could \vish to sec. _\nd yet ihe critics say the boys at the Linivcrsii.y kno\v nothing about agriculture.
Speaking 0f .:\Ieeker's fann in the spring of I8(J8, the boys held a tonrnan1ent on th~ old grass covered field just back of Dr. \. .r\. Carlton's honse on ~Iillcdge .-\venue. ;\bout twenty college boys rode in the glittering costun1cs of the oays of Front de noeuf, f~aving the armor. ..:-\ brge concourse of citizens in carriages and bo_;. .c: (Jn foot had gathered to witness the contest, and girls whon1 the knights had chosen for thci 1 ladies fair ',\:ere all aghnv with exciternent, each

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one t:onfidcnt o being clc\atcd to the t],rcJ!C ,t![ love ;J.lld Lcanty before night.
-\t the trumpC'fs call the steeds fired up unde1 i;dlncrH:e of spur and bit, and tltc n1oden1 Crns~clcrs kt go in turn. Taking a goucl start the; clashed down the course, cutting and slashing dt wooden heads and pnncl1lng at elusive rings the plaudits of the admiring crowd o:f spectators.
Jcp I{nckcr resplendent in silver and blne roclc a big gray. Ben I lil1 in glittering costuu1e rode his bay singlcfootcr. Ceorgc Coctchins n)(lc Dr. l-ln11's "Slick," and Buionl J)avis gut a ttunblt" frotn _}lr. Bnrkhcacl'.<> sorrel. ll<Hn Yancey, \Valier Conlon and Reese Cra\vford and a dozen otllers made it int(_Tcsting and alter eat.h knight had had his turn came Tinny IZucker trotting ,Jo\?:: the course on an ox.
The successful knights 1Vcre Peter ~\fddrim Ibxter Connell and ,\Ifred ;\lfr1end in the orde: named. 'I'he best lllan cro;;vllcd as Queen, =.\Ii.~s ~lary Lou Yancey, "\Yhi!e lhe others chose as ::\laids of _Honor :\f1s~es T":elle Hardenl<Ul and Saida Bird. Dudng the evening the beautifu1 Queen received the homa,ge of her SL1bjccts at her father:_, residence at a delightful i1npron1ptn reception and with such gracions dignity that the disappointed candidates for the throne were made to feel if they -,vere not queens they were flt least ptincesses of the blood.

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CHAPTER XLIV.
To the patriotisn~ and unflagging energy of
.\Irs. \ \"ill-ian1s H.uihcrford tl1e I .,.aclics .:..r cmot-i::-:t.l
i\ssociation o"Yves its organization, and to her persistent efforts is due the e1ection of the Confederate lVlonurnent. 'l'he first observance of l\11ernurial L>ay~not Decoration Day, which is a ~orthern appo-intn1ent~occured in 1\Jay r8GG and Cen. \~T. ld. Dro"'iYne delivered the oration.
For forty years the day has been kept with varying degrees of inte1est, but without ornission. The nun1ber of Veterans who attend the senrices d:n1inish year by year, and vvith feebler steps and fonns rnore bent, the survivors n1arch to hear the defense of their cause and the eulogies of the Soutl1ern soldier.
The cornet stone of thC 1110lttln1cnt was laid \vith itnpressive ceretnonies on I\fay 5th, 187r. i\ long procession of all the dignitaries of the city asse-mbling at the College Chapel marched around tc, the site and after an address by ~A..lbert L. 1\1itchcll Esq., a soldier \Vho had lost an ann at IZen- nesaw, the l\lasons concluded the exercises. The monu111ent was not built without ft-equent appeals and hard \vorlc. Suppers and sho\vs anJ concerts swelled the receipts from private con- tributions until finally the last dollar was paiJ.
In 1870 the Athens Street Railroad \\as incorporated, with W. P. Dearing as builder and n1ana-

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ger. The pritnary object of this railroad was to facilitate the transportation of freight from the Georgia railroad depot across the river-then the only port of entry. The drayage charges were a great burden to the n1erchants, and Gann & Reaves who owned the line of drays grew rich in. the business.

The street cars \vhich were nothing tnore than flats pulled by tnules, delivered freight at the rnerchant's doors as far as College avenue. Eventual ly the drays underbid the railroad and the latter ell into Ucsueiudc and twenty years later the rails and crossties were rernovcd in or<.ler to give place to the in1provcm.cnt of the street.

A bout. tbc san1e tin1e the old livery stables on

I,un1pkin street which had been occupied by the

Confederate governn~ent, were torn down and

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1C'placcd hy a cottage l)uilt l)y Janll"S P. Dorsey.

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The gro\ving 1ne1nbership of the J\1ethodists

necessitated the buil<.ling of Oconee Street church

and the rctircnJent of the seccders rmn the old

charch was follo\ved by the purchase of an ele-

gant new organ for that building. Mr. l''erdinand

Phinizy wbo professed a perfect horror of rnusi-

cal instrt1n1ents in churches, \Vithdrew his con-

tributions to tbc :First Cburch ancl prmniscd a

larger Slltn to the Oconee Street Church so long

as tbcy had no organ.

The location of the College of Agricnlture and

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1873 brought forth the gift of Moore College fron1 the city. Dr. R. D. Ivioore was the active spirit in this n1ovetnent and in recognition of his work the building was na111ed for him. Col. Charbonnier drew the plans and J\II. D. "lVIcGinty received the contract.
The building of this College brought IvicGinty tc Athens. l-Ie can1e just in ti111e to tneet an increasing clet11and for builders. Mr . Crane had died son1e years before, Mr. Carlton had retired from business, the Witherspoons took no work, and there wasn't a man here to contract for a chicken coop. 1\1cGinty soon had his hands full and in a few years was worth $so,CXX). He built every house in Athens of any pretensions fron1 1874 to 18go.
In that year the tin"le-honored custon1 of before breakfast recitations was abolished and the hastv morning toliet, the hurry and scurry to answer at n1orning pra:yers was henceforth but a n1enwry of the past, no doubt to the delight of both students ancl professors. It 1nay be doubted whether the early prayers ever found the students in a devotional fratne of 1nind. l\lany a boy had appeared in the chapel lwo minutes out of bed, sans socks, sans trousers, saus coat, his slippers and dressing gown alone saving him from the charge of indecency.
The early morning recitation used to be a great trial to Professor Wash. l-Ie rarely gol out to

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prayers and often the class would have to watt for his appearance in the recitation roon1. One morning the Freshmen finding hitn not in, all slipped off their shoes, intending to steal softly out and "cut" the recitation. Their unusual quiet aroused the suspicions of JVIr. VVash, whose roon1 was adjoining. l-Ie opened the door to find half the class tiptoeing down the hall, every _rnan with his shoes in his hands. "Corne back, gentletnen," said he quietly, "and put on your shoes. I will be in directly." It might have been imagination, but the lesson seen1ed unusually hard that morning and Mr. Wash unnecessarily exacting.
The annual commencen1ent, which had been advanced to Jnly, was now restored to its old date in August. This action of the Doard, it was said, was due to the ladies of Athens. As one of the Trustees said, "it was a question of watern1elons." The hospitable housekeepers said they could get nothing to eat for their guests so early in July, and they insisted that cornmence1nent should be held when peaches and watern1clons were abundant.
Several ineffectual atten1pts to reorganize the ~\..thens Guards had been made, but the old soldiers had had their fill of that sort of work, and it was not until the boys who were too youn~ for the war had grown up, that enough would enlist to conunission the company. For a few years under the successive commands of Captains Dal-

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ton Mitchell, J. H. Rucker, C. G. Talmadge and
John I lope J:full, the Guards tnaintaincd their organization and then yielding to the prevailing weariness with the military, disbanded.
Indeed, without disparagetnent to the n1ilitary spirit, there has never been an occasion since the hottest period of reconstruction, when there was any necessity for a n1ilitary cotnpany in Athens, at least for local defense. At the tin1e of the H.ounttee killing the excitement among the negroes threatened trouble, but they were soon quieted without a collision. That the traditions of the old con1pany which once gaily kept step on the holiday parade and afterwards tratnped n1ile after 1nile to n1cet the shock of battle, will be kept alive by succeeding generations is assured by the later reorganization of the Guards and its reputation as one of the very best con1panies in the State Guard.
It has been said Sententiously that young people will be young people. Observation has shown it to be true. Relieved of the exactions of the war the young people of Athens of whom the College boys are always an itnportant part, threw care to the winds and enjoyed thetnselves. They formed clubs and societies which were only excuses for bringing them together with their friends. There was a Chess Club and a Dran1atic Club, and a Shooting Club and a Musical Club. The last was quite popular and liv:ed through

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several years under 'the able Presidency of Miss Susie Hill, but abandoning music for gossip and "gab" it was finally left without a quorum and disbanded.
The skating rink was an intsitution which gave much pleasure both to the skaters and the lookerson. Capt. I-[enry Bcnsse first inttodncerl it hen~. and night after night Depuree Hall was a scene of life and laughter; a festival of falls.
It will interest the cyclists to know that the first bicycle which ever appeared in Athens was made in r869 by old Mr. Richard Schevenell and was ridden by Len Schevenell on Broad Street. It is not claimed that this primitive wheel was equal to a "Columbia," but for a rider with plenty of strength, plenty of tin1e and lots of paticence, it did pretty well.
Mr. Schevenell was a very ingenious n1an. He was a cat-riage 1naker by trade, a Frenchrnan by bn-th and had served in the French army. During the war when he was not drilling the Mitchell Thunderbolts, he was inventing son1ething to relieve the necessities of the tin"Jes. His cotton cards, though rough, were quite a help to the won1en who had to do their own spinning and weaving. I-le was an avowed infidel, and with two other con"1panions formed a coterie which n1et to discuss '"forn Paine and refute the teachings of the Bible. Mr. Schevenelllived to a great age, being past ninety at his death.

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Base bail has become such a science that we -would be ccnstllcd f01 comparing it with the games we used to pl;Ly. !~nt there \\as lc)tS 111orc fun in the old ganlCS. J1cforc baseball was imported "t0'\\n-bal1" \Yas the popular game at school. .\ny nnmbc1 might play and t\n) leaders chose sides. .\ solid ruLbe1 ball ,,_.,,s uc.,cd and ~m) kind of bat to suit the taste. . \ n old cania.~c spoke was the favorite. but it \\as considered clisgTaccfnl to usc a lxoad paddle. The hatter migllt be cang-ht out in the field or behind "on tl1c fi1st bounce" but could only be put out by being hit with the ba11 when n1nning the bases. .\ good haitCJ would knuck the ball a long way but if it went nver the fence, everything must stop until -it was found ancl 1hro\n1 into the field.
Foot-ball too \\"as different fron1 the Rngb_,, game. The baH could not he tonchcd with the hand at all and the game consisted in running and kicking. \\'hen the ball got into a fence corncr it became interesting:. 'r'hen eve1y fello-w let loose, kicking at 1arge unti.l the ball ca1nc outalong with several sore shins. The little fellows gcncrally stayed out of the scrinnnage leaving the big- boys to do the \York. "Babe" Crane \Yas a fc:unous foot-ball playeL .\ goocl runner, the best locker and full of cour-age ln a tight place, he was al\,ays the ilxst choice an1ong the boys. One in a gan1c on \iVashingtnn Street, back of Dr. Carlton's-it was called ~Tarket Stteet then and was

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covered with Bcrrnuda grass~'"Dabc" Crane was tzking- the ball down to his goal when Seabrook Hull tried to intercept hin~, both kicking at the baH at once. Their legs collided and Dock's shin bone ~napped in t\\o. ! hhc Crane \\cnt to the anny in TR02 ancl was killed in the battle of Bentonville in 1865.
!1ut this is a long way fr01n base-ball. Jt '':as after the \Yar that !~ill 1-1o<lg;son introduced basehall in \then~. Thc ol<l field-then open--in font of Col. \l o1ton~ residence was the place \\hen it \\"a:-- pla;. cd. ClladcY ('qllict \\"as thl' best catcher in College and Charle~ Ed ::\Iorri~ \\as the first pitcher to put a t\Yist on the ball. Lots of 1nns were n1aclc on both side:., and Hie" without number knockccl which the spectators all enjoyed. The "Dixies'' and the "Pop and Co'<' \"vere famous Clubs \Yhich heat e\e1ything in sight and had a State reputation.
CIL\I'TER ~L\.
Dw-ing- the rcgi1nc of the volunteer t1re department the _\thenians took great pride in their cornpanies. _A solid, substantial cornpany was "I-Iope _:-...ro. 1," and if at a fire there was water to be had, '"J---Iope ., was certain to pnt it where it would do the 1no~t good.
Uut son1ehow the c1a~h and clan of the '' Pioneers"' overshado\\ed the hose con1pany. This

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hook and ladder cornpany was organized before the 'var and was left with hardly enoug-h men to move the truck. In the early seventies the young 1nen rallied to her standard, the citizens responded and the ladies helped with a great supper. 1Icrc was every kind of fish-pond and grab-bag and prize-egg ever heard of. 1~ebecca at the \Yell and the Gipsy fortune-te1Je,- vied with the seductive seller of icc-crean1 to extract all the loose change fron1 the visitor. A good su1n was realized and a new truck "\Vas brought \Vith which many a con1-petitive drill \vas won. At hon1.e or abroad Pioneer's colors never trailed in defeat, or if they clid, it wasn't fair. The Taln1adge's, Bill J-Iodgson, the Beusse's and John l\1oon are inseparately connected with the history of this g-allant co1npany.
It was a distinction to belong to "Pioneer" and in the contests with ot11er cities she always came out a victor. i\ clipping fron1 an old paper about this con1pany wiii be read with interest. J-rowever, as it appeared in r887, it is not so olci as the ti111e of which I am writing. HAfter this ?\Tr. Prince Ffodgson appeared leading Miss May I-Tull, and 1\Ir. [\ndrew Cobb the City Attorney, took the stand and turned over the trucks on the part of the city to the gallant company in a short speech." j\ fter fonnally presenting the trucks he introduced Miss 1-Iult wl1o rnade a brief speech and broke a bottle of chatnpagne, and, incidentaily, cut the hand of one of the n1cn with

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the broken glass. Mr. Ho<lgson took the stand and thanked Miss l-Iull in the narne of the cornpany "for the service you have performed. Eighteen years ago, on this san1e spot, your most excellent n1other, then in the prirne of her happy girlhood days, baptized the dear old trucks which are now laid aside for this lTlore pretentious Jnacbine.'' .\nd after t-cco-unting the victories of "Pioneer," and soat-ing in flights of eloquence, Mr. IIodgson concluded mnid deafening applause, and the corn.pany had its picture taken.
F 01- nwny years the "old field" west of the earnpus, with its two lat-ge chcsinnt tl-ees, had been t-egarded as a public cornrnon. Thet-e in old tinws the fourth of Jnly fireworks were displayed and the n1ilitat-y tnanocuvers were practiced; thete the circus was wont to spread its canvass and leave the ring as a ren1iniscence of its departed glories. There in tin1e of war the Mitchell Thunderbolts shed their gory arguments on n1ilitary tactics and in tin1e of peace the college boy batted and caught out flies.
Before its subdivis1on into lots the last circus that showed there appeared in 1872. The boys gave thcn1 son1e trouble by throwing rocks at the tent. Pistols were drawn and sotne shots exchange<l, but no harn1 was done. On his wav hmne fron1 the sho-w at the lower bridge Bill Jones "\vas killed by a 111an nan1ecl Aycock. Two ~-ears bcfote Jones had killed Bill Puryear his

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fathet-in-law while sitting in l1is fnYnt potch.
Speaking of shows, in I 872 .:\thens suffeted an invasion of thetn. .A l\frs. nates. a pretty soubrette and presmnably a wido\Y, appeared in comic opera an(l the college? boys \"\ent wild about her. .:\J any of them lost tl1cir heads. several their hearts and one after a week's acquaintance wanted to marcy her. f ,ydia Thompson, with het scantily clothed troupe, visitcrl us in tlle same year, and Janauschck a11d J(atic l)utnam. It i.-.:: a coincidence that the clccline fr<JJn the high 111oral tone of ~-\theus society l)(::gau about this lime.
ln September 1872 dirt \Y<lS brllkCll on the J:; -..1vn1 r;:tiil()ad. lor Jll~Ul_\- _\car-.. (_"a!-llCSl
cfforL'O hy our tnerchants had beeu n1a<lc to secure rtnothcr ontlct for their commer-ce". The monopoly of the c;eorgia Railroad had gc()uncl thcn1 hctY\Ten 1he upper and the uetller mill-stones, ancl wlH"n subscriptions enough for the llC\Y road were in sight. the President of the CC?orgia road sent a corps of engineers 10 survey another runte and s< 1 dis<:()tll-a.~Td the nc\\. cnteq)risc. Fin::1lly the ene-r-gy of .\lr. John 1L ~ewton and a fc\Y others, backed by the support of ::\I L Ferdinand Phinizy, pervailed, and the road was located tnHJer John Calder Turner as chief engineer.
The clirt was lxokcu "'.vith impressive cetetnonies. .\. large crowd assetnblecl in "Dr. \Narc's woo(Ls," where the depot no\v stands. Dr. l-fenry ITull and Cui. \Ym. L. ~fitcl1cll as tile t\YO oldest

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citizens, were selected to inaugurate the work. One wielded the pick and the other h;:wclled the shovel and the removal of the fic'-'1 dirt \Yas at tended with chccr.s and ihc in"piring: strains of Ceorge Davis' lHass 1Jand. Then follo\\Td addresses by I.,amar Cobb and L:nw1y Spcc1, congratltlating the citizens upon their CSC'lj)C from the t~ ranny o{ a sonless monopoly, etc., and the company dispersed.
The gTading of the :-\onh Eastcn1 Railioacl c1e'v'clopcd a mlnc1al spring not far ft-oJn the depot 1d1ich \\as called the Fc1-ro L...ithic Spnng and becanw quite a popnlat resort. 'l'hc ,, ater was a :;tn)l]g chal; ])C<l1l' and l1l1ll1h<::rs of dyspeptics made dail.\ pilgriJn:tgTs to drink it and wen~ cnnd---or thong:l1t they \\Tn.', \doich answered the san1e purpo:;c. lt \Yas n.:ally a valuable spring;, and many teething babies ''ere helped by its usc. T'he net work of railroad uaclc:- 1oas c1csttoycd tlw attractiveness of the walk and the spr~n< i;> ,-a, ely visit(cl now. ln fact. it is plob::th;~:: th.tl the \\aters have deteriorated.
L'ntil the :-\onh Eastern l.(ailroad \\as complet-
ed :-.rr. lZ. L. ::\foss was superintendent, but when
Athens was fairly in cormnunication with t1JC rest of the world via the JlC\\- road, Jatl~c~; .\L Ecl\\ards ,,as elected SUJKTintcnclent, and a n1,e;hty good one he n1;:ule. J-Te really organized the busine-ss of the road and sho\\"cd the clear head and the p1ufessional training which 111ade hi1n

350
afterwards so successful in larger enterprises. W. H. Hodgson vvas the first conductor-good old Bill Hodgson, who was everybody's :friend, was brimful of energy, bubbling over with good humor and who died an untimely death.
The city of Athens put $Ioo,ooo into th-~ capital stock of the North Eastern Railroad and afterwards gave it away to the Southern for nothing. The Southern in turn gave Bailey Thmnas the Tallulah Falls Railroad for getting it for them. But neither one of then~ had any n1.oney value at the tin1.e. The road was encun1.berecl by bonds endorsed by the State. The Southern didn't want it that way, so they allowed the interest to go by default. Then the Governor took charge and appointed Rufus K. Reaves manager until the road was sold, when \he- Southern bought it for the bonded 1ndcbtedn~ss.
J'\Tothing brings about such changes in a town as a railroad. Not only the character and volume of bus1ness, but the phys1cal features of a railroad town undergo a complete change. Years ago --and no( so very Inany years ago e1ther--our railroad shyly refused to carne nearer than the top o 1he hill across the river. Then we had an extensive wagon trade with the up country. Cainesvillc, Clarkesville, Elberton, IIart 1nd Franklin Connties, and even Franklin, N. C. did 1hc bulk of their trade \Vi1h /\thens, and the- old schooner wagon 1vas a fan~iliar sight on the streets.

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The building of the North Eastern road converted a beautiful grove alive with birds and squirrels, where a lin1pid brook hurried along by mossy banks to the quiet river, into a bustling scene of activity, noi">y with the clatter of wagons, the whir of n1achinery and the passing- of trains. The Macon d.nd Covington tlten 111"t~~ded the sancitity of the City of the dead, raised an unsightly trestle over beautiful monurncnts, cut an enonnous gash through the hills an(l cc11ne into the very boson1 of the city. The Georgia Railroad 111ust needs cut down trees, :retnovc old land marks, blast away a hillside and run its trains across the public street. The Geor-gia Carolina & N orthcrn then \dth a whiff con1es in and goes out touching lightly on the edge of town, crosing the river on a high bridge and leaving behind a deep rock cut and a stnel1 of p<)wder.
Along the line of these roads little towns sprang up, each absorbing the retail business of its neighborhood. Athens 1nerchants developed a wholesale trade which has largely exceeded all they had before. Railroad facilities brought in new citizens with a dernand oc houses ~1.nd lot~. Then history repeated itself ancl the handsmne old lots were cut up and sold off or built up with cottages. Old hmncs bave passer] frmn the hancls of the fm11ily. J\Tew neig~-1)ors with bay vvin(iows and little hoocls ancl towers anl.l gingcr-bteai work are crowding then~; fine old trees have been

352
cut down; the fan1iliar n1ud is gorre; the gentle cow no longer lies across the pedestrians way: there arc no secluded walks lC' ft for th~ .an10rous swain, no gates for him to lean npon as he lingers to say good-bye, and the glare of the arc light has robbed the evening stroll of all its sentin1ent. .\nd what is all this due to except the rushing competition of souless corporations? It is enough to 1nakc a socialist of a n1an of sent!Jncnt tn think of it
Until the .:-\ortheastern tnad was built College .-\venue extended only to Strong Street. An enorrnnus gully began at .:\fr. 1'oon1cr's residence, crossed diagonally opposite the next square and en1ptied into J-fnlscy"s ponc1. It was wide enough and deep enongh to have swallowed a dozen cottages. It con1pared favorably with the Grand Canon of Colorado. Children played in it and the boys of the neighborhood dug caves in :its sides. \i\lith the c01npletion of the railroad the city bridged the chasn1 and opened the street, then by driving stakes across the gully and dun1ping in debris and trash it was gradually filled. Now College :-\venue is one of the prettiest streets in the city.
CHAPTER XLVI.
In 18?2 a young star macie tts appea1znc-~, t~lk ing its place in the editorial firntament at the head

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of the .1.Yorthcast GcorgJan. L..aTTJ Gan1t '\Vas not endowed with all the graces which make havoc in the hearts of wornen, but he n1ade up for it in the activity of his tnincl, and in his peculiar use of the I(ing's English.
There -.,vas nothing hun1dnnn about the North East Georgian. Its eclitoTials were fresh as n1ountain dew and quite as inspiring. Its local colun1ns were gorgeous with cmnplitnents to favored subscribers and its itetns of news did not :;uffer for lack of embellishmcnt::s. 1n trulh Larr; and his father published a good paper. It sueceded the defunct 1\thens Banner, and revolutionized the newspaper business here.
Prior to this the newspaper contained everything but news. The local iten1s if noticed at all "\Vere acco1npained by the state:11ent "we "\vere not present onrse1ves. but learn. etc." C)ne issue o[ the VVatchrnan said "the only itetn of local news that has occurred this week is tbe taking of a rr1ule by a young gentleman who was under the impression that it was his O"\vn." That faithful chronicler of the annals of the neighborhood had no regard for the future historian searching for conten1poraneous records. Gantl's pal>Cf was different. The editor looked for llC'-VS and if he didn't find it he 111ade it. I-Iis first jubilation was over the election to the legislature of Dr. H. H. Carlton. For six years under the reconstruction acts Clarke county had no white n1an to represent

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her; but in 1872 the power of the colored voter \'as broken and thenceforth his ballot was \VOrth <'nly what it would bring in the n1arket.
The last Agricultural Fair, the expiring effort of the old county association, was held on the old fair grounds in October, 1872. It was a creditable exhibition and not the least interesting feature was a cooking rnatch between two sets of girls, the prize for which, a stove, was won by .\fiss lkssic J.(utherfonl. lt is a Jnisfortunc that the County fair is a thing of the past. It might be a source of power to the farmer if he would but usc it aright. Sundry attempts have been tnade to reorganize the fair but none have succeeded.
The ) ear closed \\ ith a sc!Jsation in the shape of a duel bet\YCCn Tin11y F~.nckcr and Bob ] ,ampkin, who were dissuaded fran~ their bloody purpo:-;c;-; al Sand ! ~ar Fe t-ry hy tlw nsnal intcrventiun of peacemakers and were restored to their homes n1inus the fare to Augusta and return.
The prospect of the North Eastern Railroad gave an in~pulse to real estate. The old Grady house which brought a year before $2,500 was sold for $3,250, the little house long ago known as '' f-I an sci's" where ~1 ichael's building now stands, and not long before sold for $I,500, now brought $3,500. 11-Ir. L. C. Matthews bid off the Adams lot on I-Iancock avenue half the square between Hull and Pulaski for $3,000 The old

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Clayton lot, al::o.o halL the square brought ss,;ou
at public sale. The Bank of the University was organized in 1873, Athens received 22,000 bales of cotton and business was flourishing. Our merchants drew frm11 a large territory bounded lJy the 1\c:dnl<mt .\lrlinc Haihoar1 l!ll the nnrth and the Savannah river on the east.
The chicl exccutiYe uJ the town. now bc,:c,mc 2 cjty, James D. Pittard. was sncceeded by Dr. \Vilharn 1"-ing. Dr. King \Yas a grC'at fishcn11an. 11 \Yas said that he could ~;it at a sucker hole and \Yettch a cork longcr than an;: 1~1an oi his day and gettcration. lie \Yas nni 011ly a good fishen11~111, bnL a good doctor. a guncl rnayur and a might_y clcve1 1nan.
In another year it seenwd a go1Hl t irne to -'-\Ir John Il. X C\YtOE to sell yfT his garden on Clayton Street which wa_;; adorned by a ntggecl bo:1.rd fence wll(Jsc imJKTL.:ctinns w-ere partially covered by circus pictnn~s and poste1s, anct lringed by a liberal g1owth nf dog fennel and ]in1son weed
The con1er \'\-a:3 houg-ht lJ_y 'I'homas J. Lester,
\\ho erected the th1ee-story bnilcling on the corner1 that dream_ of arcbitecturc1 ont of horne-rnade 1118..terial, hlruself being the architect an(_l HHlStCr nH~chanic:. :-,r_ B. l\1cGinty sc(~Lnccl the contracts for J\1 oorc college, the courthouse and the SouthcnL l\:Tutual Insurance building. 'I'i1nes we1e getting better and a fever for building catne over

356
the people. Jn eight years the assessed value of taxable property had increased $548,ooo.
One of the "new" arrivals was Wn1. C. Kemp, a typical Irishn1an, including pug nose and b1 ogue. 1--J e \vas a 1niller by trade and took hold Ol~ the "city 1nills" owned by the 1-\.thens Factory, with all the vin1 of his nature. Xot long after he Inarrie(l the widow of Patrick Doyle and took hold of her belongings \Vith equal energy. Ketnp was a public spirited fello\V, was well liked anci became an aldennan. lie kept his weather eye open to a trade, and though there were some who looked in vain for son1ething to appropriate to the pa)nnent of his notes, lie died leaving his wide)\">. in better 3hape than he found her.
Perhaps the hardest rain ever known in this section fell in February, 1873 It began raining at () o'clock Saturday rnorning and rained without cessation till noon on Snnclay. Four and onehalf inches fell dnring that lime, and yet but little da1nage \vas done.
By the death (Jf Long Goo(ly Stnith, in 1873, a striking- and fan1iliar figlll-e, was ren1ovecl fl-om our tnidsL \' ery tall and very thin and very lazy, Goody tnade a slcnclet- support by fishing, butchering and by' setting out young shade trees, none of which required any 1nore energy tl1an his gothic architcture coul(l sustain.
Long Goody recalls son1e othe1- tnembeL:; of the Stnith family in tin1es gone by vvho illustrat-

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ed the history of Clarke County. .-\t one titno...: tl.ere were seven John Stniths, all voters. To dtstinguish thcn1 they were known as Rcdhe~1l John, Roundhead John, Long John, Unearn1 John, Saddler John, Fiddler John and Singlefoot John. By these natnes they '\Vcrc called by the sheriff and enrolled on the voters list. There was also !Jox Ancle Sn1ith, whose nan1e was n~t John.
"Befo' de war" ready-rnadc shoes were ahnost unknown. V./ orncn and children wore shot:>s. but gentlen1en wore boots and it was a boys highest ambition to have a pair of boots. For dances and such occasions "putnps" were worn. P.t;t whether shoes or slippers or boots all wer.~ n1c111c by the shoetnaker by n1easnre.
There were three well known shoe1nakers in i\_thens, \Nillian1 Stark, Pattick Barry and Charley I-fughes. \.Villiam Stdrk had the 1nisfortune tc' have his leg broken by a falling house in CohJmbus necessjtating its an1putation. J-Ie went an crutches ever afte1wards. 1--Ic "vas an active exhorter in the ~T ethodist chur::::h and 1nade a fervent prayer, the -..vhich in no \Vay inte1ferecl with his being an artist in m_aking boots which fit every undulation of the foot and never rubbed the heels. l-Ie was a kindly n::an and has cut tne n1anv a leather top string for nothing. Ivir. Stark \Vas the grandfather of F. f-l. Kroner. of Winterville.

358

l)atrick J~arry was an frishn1an p11n2 ancl S:tll1-

pk \\ill1 all l1is big ~Jcart aud bn)gt!c. ~\L 01tC

t\111c be '.\a;:, not unminrllttl of lhe cxhili;uating

ci.ect of whi~key and LlH:rc: wc:e occasion~ \\hen

:i~ \\'ClT bct'Lcr i [ Lc: ilcuJ lcL -it: al()nc. lJ,lL nc\-cl"Lilc-

l<.s.s he: wa.'i a ;;:;ood ~lwunal..::c:i aul nJan_,. a col

le-ge Loy in that day emU Lime: hougltL his boots

and O\',TI) hin1 lll )llC_\'.

LI c pco:~p<.xcd in busi-

tuoL iu Ch;:~rlcy llughcs

a J_;ar-Lnci and

IL\1_,;,;{\" & 1ll:CJfL~;~

llUOTS .\\:D Sl JUJ~S

v. ;:t" :t fan1i.liac legend 1m the cnnwr !Jclu''- the

-:-::n:i(!!l;:d ];~tllk. Capt );;:LIT_;:-! (Lou"t KlH~\1

\dtcre he g.)t his titlc---:i\cd to a guod o1cl age a

.fau1ilia1 ~~-urc on the streets and died lc~:l\in~;

a good propcn._;' to hi::; Iatnily.

Clwrley 1-J ughes poc)r fellow, lJcc:::une tuo fond

oi the n1p whi<..'h inch1iatcs and d, CS nuL ahYa)":'i

chccL I lc lost llis pa;.-tncrship, then lli~.:; pat 1on-

-:.1.gc and pas .sed f1 om the sighi o[ n1en having-

dc_,nc nd l1an11 to anybody lJnt hi111se1f anc: his

c1TilcJn:'ll.

Still another S(Jn of St. Cri:,pin \Yas PcLcr

""\YeiL a good nci.tnrcd Schlc;:;bnrg-1:-Jolstcincr, who

enlisted in th~ Bigldand Cnards and fought. to

the fini:-;11. \Vhy thLs Tcuton "\vho could _ha:dly

::::peak English should h;:ne left his Lunily and

,-nluuteerc:d in out fight with nothing but hard-

ship and hunger for pay, docs not appear. lle

nmst have loved a fight for he threw up a fur-

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loug-h onec and \'.-cnt back t,) his ccJJnpany un the eve of a battle. ~\nd ycl Peter \Veil was as mild a n1annered 111an in time of l;cacc as one -,-,ould tncct in a clays journey.
\[Lcr llw w~~l- .:\lr. \Veil wa': in'.Ti!.:;Jc.cl it)10 Lrrn1n.~~-- l~11t tronh1c canw upnn hi.n1 <'lncl he n:.turncd to Lis li.rst lenT. an ll 1 l1,:;t~aLJnn ni the adage ''nc ~;utor 1..11tra cn_:pidam."
ijnL tltc ti1nc had come 1-:hcn the i'lcchanic cli~:: placcd the C(lhLlcr anc1 ()tJwliL's (;CCL1lJ<lLinn \Ya3
gone. fn r.S73 Cap1. J. \\'. ;~;-tc1n]J:,- ~1uilt a 'lhGc
f::>.ctnry \\lii.:h supplied shoe;; to ,;:,lJorcis. i1nt clid not nnclcrial<;:c tc m~~kc the daic1t;r slir:.pt:-t fot ilJc COJJll11C'11CCll1C11t q;irl. 'T1H'1l :_he nbi(~l1iL>ll' Y0.nkce \Y;ih his nnivec..:;al \Yarcs beg-an shipping i11 his sh(_cs whlch looked so 1nuc;1 hctt<--r than our ho!llC 1nadc ones .-md in 1;1ct \YCTC chcape1tLai one 111on~ Snntllcrn indnstrv ',\-as rnined.
The n-lgin ')[the J.nc_, Cobb fnsrltutc i1a; ~d n~ady Let.'IJ _.:,!Yen in Uwsc pa~:c~. 1m'.: ;; \\-a~ tl-:t: t~ntirin.'-~ cncq.;y ,Jf 'L'hcnnas I-!.. lZ. Cc1bb >Y:1irh made lh;' UJnccptio1 :111 ;v_-coinp1ishcd fact. 1 fe \.-'<ln\-ass..:::-1 the to\vn. eJJt1~tbcd the J)l~uplc. got subscriptions and org-ani:..:c:d rl1c 'l'rnsi:ec.s. Sm11e . .,nbscrillcd n1oncy, su111C merch;]_ncli:-~c. ~;on1c lll::tterials. I Ic sold the men:11Cll1dise, used the Jnatctials and c.)llectecl the JTmncy. \Vhen a citizen

360
was backward in subscribing he subscribed for him and said, ''if you don't pay it T will."
Mr. Cobb bought the lot fron1 the C nivcrsity and gave his personal note for it. IT c drew the charter, which is con1prised in less than fifty lines, and had it passed by the Legislature. 11e gave his persona\ atention to furnishing the school, and was the life of the enterprise.
The school was at first called the Athens Fctnale Acaden1y, but in recognition of ::\1r. Cobb's services, after the death of his daughter. the Trustees gave it the nante it now bears.
The Lucy Cobb has clone a great work. N oi less than fifteen hundred gihls have been taught there, and n1any of its ~'\lurnnae have then1selves becon1e teachers. It has always had high ideals and stood for all that is best in tnoral and intellectual culture.
Whatever other attractions Athens 1nay have, 1nost dear to the heart of the College boy is the Lucy Cobb girl There is son1e subtile influence pervading the school which 1nakes all the girls \\ho go there at once attractive. Pla.in girls beconle good looking; pretty girls becon1e still prettier ; slin1 girls fill out and develop pretty figures ; awkward girls grow graceful ; anaemic sympto1ns disappeat frorn pale girls and roses glow on all their cheeks. In fact there is a div~nity which shapes up the Lucy Cobb girl, however rough have they been before. Boys sitnply

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can't kee1; away frotn them.. They never could.

In a letter written by \Villian1 l-Top~ J-Inll to J\Irs.

I--Iowell Cobb in r859 he says: Ton1 is worrying

because the boys will gather in front of the

church to see the Lucy Cobb girls cmne out,''

and that was nearly fifty years ago. They have

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been doing it ever since. Before the war and afterwards ?-.Irs. Larnbcrt's

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lot was vacant, and there \vas a plain plank

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fence around it. On this fence at the corner

the boys would gather regn1arly \vhen it didn't

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rain until il was dubbed "The lh~zzard's Roost.'' Depredations there used to be. and inexcusa-

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ble vanda1isn1. On the la\Vn there once stood

statues and iron figures of deer and dogs. Some

1Tliscrcants broke thern in pure wantonness, and

tl:erc are left on1y the figures on goats at either

end of the verandah. Painting- the goats has

been a favorite antuseinent for years and every

Frcshy thinks the idea original with 11-int.

In 1859 there was given a ::VIay I<'cstiva1,

-..d1ich is part of the history of Lucy Cobb. Not

a few of the actors, sonte of the1n grandntothers

now, sorne-1naids, will recaH it with pleasure.

The stage was projected in front of the veran-

dah. Vines and evergreens hid the walls and the

declining sun threw a grateful shade over the

sylvan scene. I1nprovised seats extending into

the street held the expectant audience, an10ng

whotn the Athens Guards and the Fire Companie.-3

362
\':ere C>1LSpicliOLl:-i \\ith their b1i~::-ht unifon11s. Fairic-; singing in the dist:n:cc c,;~nc upon the
~ccne. :\ellic: Uan ,1,,-, Sailic f-I amilton, Vallie I .(-.1Jg-, Callie Cobb ancl . \nnie \\-hiic. lead b;.. their Unccn. Ticllc l-L1ITi.c:;, all drc~scd in dia-
1al'le.'ton. i1ittiug- ;ig:ht1~- i_l) and fro lii~ :--.,-'.inpl!s anc1 :-\:tiads. Cla!-~t 1:anow. :-:,all:- C;i)b. ; .izzic Scur1dc1-. T1atti~ CLt11'..c:, ;md l ,iDcic 1 ItHl~-;: ;;, c.:nwr:~-c f1d:11 lc:-tf: hiding pbce:- lullu\\ cd by Diana and hlT lHmlxc:;sc~. tn-\Yit: ],_ate l! ;;unnlmlCl, 1.uc:,- ThouFv..;, !~t:'--. LLliTcJ\\ ~md Jnlia Cadton, \\ith btnY;:, and qniYlT:> Lull of ::1..1'1'<1\\'S, in cnslwr~c:; 1'11'' ycnlanc: of \Yhich \\'(luld ha,e saiic,ficd ~~L Pa~1ick himself. Til r:uick SltCccssion ':nine E11111n. Sin-:psr!l1 ;-,o; \'cnu.:; \\ it!J :--;cttie L01nban..l as Cupid, and the ~)va ~on.-..,, Pine\ '1'h\)lllas. l~ellc T-1:udcn1an. ~\far Li;tion a11d Jnlia ::\fo,;o-;, ,,-i-.._1-: F;::nnie ! !ar~is a.; llopc, SlJcp~1cnlcs.scs and fris :mel Cere-:, and all the :Zdddcss<::s _\'C)U c\l:r hcani ()f. \\.i[lJ a nnd \\hid of song: and dance con1e next the Cip,~ics, led hy ::\lag;g-ic \\rl-:il.e. thci,- Qnccn. among thc;n .:\Jary T1ami1iul1 and r.ucy \-incern. \ \Y;ly being c]c;lrcd 11~- the (~uards forth conw Flora in the person of _'-da Tnn,Ji11. \Yith .\nna .'dc\\-hn1tcr. ~\fary Long, :.Jar_\ \nn .\lcClcskc_\-, Su~ic Hill, ~\fary .\nn Hutherforcl and Lucv ( :crdinc scatterjng flcnYcrs in the JXitll\Y;ty \Yith :-;, ngs and dancing. _\nd then the lovely Queen ~~f ::\fay, Sel-ena Cox. supported hy her maid:--

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lton;l,-, S_allic Chase, ?dar_Jr La1na1 and l:\Tciti":! \'inccnL entered, \dth J .. o11ic TIu11, a clin1inu tin P~l:2.-c in blnc and sil\Tl-. :_Jr)lding her tn1in, :HHl a;:;t cnclccl the throne.
() [ e:Jnrsc this prog;-;UJ1!llC inc1uclccl the SJCC'..._lJc;:: 11SP;-t} ln -atch OCCi:LSi 1 )11S. \ftcr the c1C3 ing: ccrcnH>nic~.; the Cu11c;g:c hnys l1acl their i1> I!i~H::,s. tl:c ~.;cntimcnt of t1:c tin1c:-; being t0 en cnura~-c ~lll assc'("i<ttion '.d1ic"!.1 mip,l1t lc:=tcl to 11101''2: ti1ct11 (1icndship. .\nd a(tcc all was done the codicc cnrnpany '.Yas invited to a substanti;:d rcp.Ci:.;t 1:1 \\hicb t1le_\- ~lll ,llcl Cn\1 jnsticc.
[,pc C,)b]) was under the ditccli~1ll SllCCessiveh nf ~\f; \\"r1r:ht. )-f-:-- . .:\Tiller. ::\fr. Jacobs, l\Jis.:; l.ipscn:nh, -:\Jadam-::: Sosno\' .s1-:i and .:\'frs. V\'right. t "ndcr tb('."C regimes it p<1ssecl thrnngh thL clen,orali7.-'l1inn of "ar to the c~t.:lngcncy of the t-ee: l1-'iructi1m pc1iod. it:~ financi:d condition g-row111g <;tcadily worse.
fn rRRo -:\J.1s<;:: -:\I!;li-~ Fnt!1erfonl )cased the .<;(huol. nndertaking- to p:1y all of its debts. \Vh,Lt 1:c1 _..,uccc.ss h;:1s been 11('Cd h~lnlly be told here. l'l 1k<;_:;. ti1-cd nf the responsibility. ~[iss Ruthcrf(lrd '-UlTcnclcrcd the care of tho lnstitutc to ~[rs :\! \. I,ipscomh \Yhilc she retained a tc;1.cher's p1 ~wc. -:\frs. 1-ipscorn11 h;:~:::; pn;yccl an ideal Ptinl ipal ~1nd under the wise guidance of these two remarkable \Y()lllCn I ..HC_'\ Cobb has stcadil_'; pros!'~r,d until it is now one n[ the IJt:st known and
< ~' i)11lar schools in tl1e Sontl1. It has no en-

364
dowrnent; it has no denom_inational backing; 1t has no wealthy friend to look to in tin1.e of financial pressure. Its only endown1ent is its reputa-tion; its backing is the love of its Alum_nae and ib help in stress of weather is the brave heart and clear head of its Principal.
For 1nany years the old bowling alley was the only huilding in which public exercises could be held. The crying need for a chapel was first n1ade known in an essay by I\Tiss Bessie Thurtnond, at the commencelncnt of 1879, entitled "Our ChapeL" A meeting of the friends of the school was called and a committee appointed "to see about it." Miss Nellie Stovall, one of the n1ost attractive and brightest of the Lucy Cobb g-irls, at a venture wrote to !\1r. George I. Seney. of 1\'ew York, setting forth the needs of the Institute, who replied to her, offering to give $5,000 for a chapel if the citizens would raise $4,000. The citizens did raise the $4,000; but without waiting for them to do so, Mr. Seney raised hi"i gift to $ro,ooo, and sent his check for that an1ount to Miss Rutherford. ~Ir. Seney became interested in the school and afterwards gave it a pipe organ and a number of valuable paintings.
Lucy Cobb has an exceptional record for health. No pupil has ever died at the school, nor has a serious case of illness occurred there. No

365
br-eath of scandal has ever attached to anyone connected with the school.
On a certain April day the girls got on a lark, slipped through a crack in the side fence and stole off down town-sorne bareheaded, smne with what covering they could pick up on the way. Getting a wagon, they drove across the river and back up town to the school. By that titne the Principal was in a state of mind and before the girls went in to dinner they wished they hadn't. But that April fool's frolic was nothing more than the overspi11 of exuberant spirits, and at this distnnce evell Mrs. Lipscomb can laugh at it.
Lucy Cobb comn1encernent is perhaps the greatest social attraction of which Athens can boast. Visitors carne to it frmn far and near The tnusic, the stage decorations, the brilliantlv lighted lawn, and 1nost of all, the girls always draw crowds and in all the variations of the progranU11e, calisthenics.. dances, recitations, songs or plays the chapel is always crowded and the audience always pleased. But it is the sweet girl graduate on commencement night, dressed in white or pink and looking sweet enough to eat, who is the crowning glory of the comn1encen1e11t and the young male spectator is pretty apt to suffer a coup de pied when he sees her later in th{~ evening.

366
CHAPTER XLVIIl.
.i\n enterprise \vhich promised well but failed d-isastrously \.Vas the /\thcns Sieanl Lanndry. It \vas in 1875 that it was organized in the expectation, not only that it \vould prove profitable, but that so rnany neg-ro \Yasherwomen finding their <Jccnpation gmle would ta1-::c service, as cooks. nnt no sooner was ihe Iaunclrv ln opera tion and had fixed its price~:; than the colored rival Io\YCrecl her rates and kept her pattonage. The lanndry ran a short career and -was sold for (lc:ht. 'J'hc propetty lay idle or twenty years and ''-'ZIS gradually rotting down when the present owners e<tnJC into possession.
One 0 r the lTIOSt rentarkable religions tncet-
ings which i\ thcns cvc1 experienced was what
was 1-m.O\Yll as the l\1nnday n1eeting:>. J. A. l\.Iun-
day W<L'> an evangelist who began a sedes of mecti11g:>, his exhortations consisting chief1y of hi:o own history before his t-efon11ation. Interest in the services grew until no .:::hut-ell could hold the Cl"OV/Cl and they vvere moved to Deupree ITali. :\11 the chnrches nnitccl in the revivaL Ilnnclreds of people were influenced and many joined the chnrches. ~Tunday decided to .stud_y for the n1ini~try and went to a iheological seminary. f-Ie subs('quenily marr-ied an attractive youllg lady of this place and died a .few _years aienvards.
A critic so disposed rnight bring a severe in-

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<licttucJri against ~\thcns society [or dcicrioratins

in the n1at1cr uf social cntcrtainn1cnts. ~\t the

present time geniJcn1en are pc1ctically barred

i~om society and all the ladies do is to play card5

ll is clairncd by dcvolces of the

dwt il h

the cas:icsL \\ay to cnLertain.

is surely 2.

CPnfcssion .of intellcctual infedorit;., which does

the ladies an injustice. Iu the days not too .fa,

back for many o_f 1ny readers to 1ecall, the cven-

ir:g: ''party" jncludcd conversation, ntusic, other

gc::mcs than cards, smnetin;_es charades and occa

swnally a cowic opcc1 or a play. The iuLcr-

lllill~ling of the sexes stinntbic(!-lf it were

necessary-the ladies' tongues, while it refined

the manners of tl1e nJcn. The association was

helpful and delightful. lt was an intellectual

stimulus and lecl to friendships, cc)lu-tsllips <:~nd

n1arriage.

Jhti iirncs change and opinions about anntsc-

ncnts change as well as the titTles. For instance.

ii: the earlier years uf our bjslory, students in

ihe co11ege were held to strict observance of th:e

Sabbath, and \Yele pennitted in take a quiet "\Valk

noi rnore tl1an a n1ile from the can1pus. '.rhc cir-

cus was regarcled as a delusion and a snare, and

under no circun1stances wc.r-e students pennittcd

in aitcnd it. Professors kept close watch upon

ihe ieni, and in order to dude then1, it was ~ften

nccessar_y for the boys to blacken their faces and

sit with the negroes. But in 18G8, tl1c Faculty

368
advanced the afternoon recitation to 12 o'clock sn as to give the boys an opportunity to go to the circus, and since that tirne, there has been no inhibition on that an1nsetnent, provided, it does not conflict with any college exercise.
In 1822, J. D. was distnissed "for playing at
the unlawful garne of cards." Three years later, a hungry trio of youths were ren1anded to the gram1nar school for "bringing into college and preparing for eating, fowls." What the gravarnen of this offense was, we do not know. Possibly son1e professor had 1nissed a favorite hen and suspected the perpetrators of the theft, and the tell-tale feathers 1nay have betrayed the1n. A littl later, five students were reprimanded for being found in an unoccupied house "eating cordial, wine, fowles and cakes, with fiddling and dancing." One scntin1ental swain was disn1issed fo:. "fiddling out at night,' and another was fined $I "for fluting."
In the post-bellntn days dances were not uncon1111on, but it was the quadrille and the reel which tetnpted the light fantastic toe-the dance which began with "slute yer partners." The waltz was hardly recognized; it was "off color," z.nd the girl who danced the round dance was looked at askance. The gennan was unknown and the Doston dip was unborn. And this reminds me of an old invitation to a "Cotillon Party" at Jackson's Hotel on May 2, 1832, issued

369

by William Bacon, L, Franklin and S. J. Mays.

tnanagers. Who that ever knew 1\Ir. Mays, that

staid and sober old J\.Iethodist, would suppose that

h( ever aided and abetted this worldly amuse-

tEent or swung corners to the tune of "Billy in

the Low Grounds?"

Theatricals were tolerated, but not encouraged.

Two companies were wont to visit us-Wn~. H.

Crisp's ancl John Tetnpleton's-and the old Town

Hall, with its dirty wooden benches, was fairly

well filled, while aJ\IIacbeth" strode across a IOxiS

stage, curtained with calico and lighted by a

dozen candles. There was an amateur troupe.

too, called the Thespians, in which Rob Hodg-

son, A. l). \Van1ling and John Gilleland were

s1.ars, which succumbed under the n1eagre sup-

port given 1.hem.

Cards were chiefly known in their relation

to "seven up," and if the paterfa111ilias with his

neighbors occasionally indulged in a rubber of

whist, it was not spoken of above a whisper. Pro-

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gressive euchre with iis delusive prize had noi been discovered.

The hospitality of the people was boundless

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and social functions were numerous. a A party" always Ineant besides ihe intellectual features of

the evening, an elaborate supper ai the last.

Church-going was universal and the night ser-

f

vices were well attended. It was the fashion for

ihe young 1nen to take the girls to church Sun-

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\~ay n1ght and cngagcn1cnts -.,,ere made months

lx:furc hmHl. Sunday Yisiting, nOY\ alas~ so com-

n.on, -vvas unheard of, except an1ong ncar rela-

t \"C"i. The: picnic '-\as an institution. ahYa;:f, pop-

ular, whether in some: sylvan 1ct;-cat o:r dcsenc,l

11:ill, ::md the old Fair Crouncls -were called in1~)

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Jcquisition fur that purpose.

young people "got up" sl1ows and con-

cc~ is and the oldet- people cnjuycd thcn1. ..:\ ll that

\\as needed was ;1_ worthy object and the sho,;~,r v.-as forthcorning. The ~'\thcns Guards, the Fir~

Cu1npany, the Sunday schools calle(l for aiel, bnt

tl1c Con federate 1\1ontunent was the f:Jsorite bene-

ficiary.

One of these beneftts was a J\f ay party given. in 1870 by the girls, which \vas follcnved by a bur~

lcsquc by the college boys. The girls looked love-

ly_ The characters were not new nor \vas the plot

exciting, but CV(.?ry participant \\as as pl-etty a::.,

a picture, the progranune was carried out \.vith-

out a break and the audience was delighted.

J\Iiss J'v1il11e RuJhcrfonl was Queen of :!Hay,

:i\!iss LilJa ])~aring the Fairy Queen, ancl ::_\1iss

l\!'fary Ann Frierson, Queen of the Glpsit~s. Miss

Lula Phinizy was Night; l\1iss Lucy Tho1nas,

Diana. The other characters T do not rcncen1ber.

The budesque given by the college students a

few nights afterwards was one o{ the funniest

shows we ever had. The libretto was written by

\i\Talter Hill and was in-esistably funny.

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All the original characters were repr2sentt:~l 2nd thdr aitltucles. gestures an<l mistakes we1 " imitated and exq.g-gcrated. \V. D. TrarnnlCll -yva.':; selected frn- Queen CJf the :'\iay for Lis personal unattt-actions, but declined and Jesse Goss was chosen as his substitute. \Valter I-lill as I-Ie:ra1d c;::me out blowing a little tin horn ancl in a high shrill vnice annonncecl the coming of the royal party. Wash l)essau as Qtwen of the Gypsies, danced out with his followers beating tin pans. Dave Barrow was Queen of the Poppies-all the Poppies hacl spike-tail coats with big paper flowers fnr buttons. ::\tfiller Dn Bose, im_personating Night, can1e out with a lantern, declaiming: "Oh, Luna, thou art the l'vioon !" Tom I-Ieard sang e:ffectlvely "Chicka-dee-dee,'' holding the hand of 11. D. C. M. Sununerlin, who \Vas Cupid. Nat J larris, who was l)at-by, with his Joan, sang melodiously "Thetc \Vas a Rarn in l)arhy." 0. A. Du11 sang "Shoo Fly." The Cossy Queen entered supported hy I-Ienry Goetchins and Edgar Simtnons as Guards. botlJ fortified with old anny muskets, sabres ancl pistols, and was ct-owned with a shuck horse collar by (ius Glenn. The 17airy Queen, known as Douglas Peabody off the stage-_ with a bevy of short-skirterl fairies, including i\.ztnon Murphey, John J-Iardetnan, Peter l'vl artin and other heavyweights, waltzed in, danced around Jack Jackson and plaited him up with cotton ropes. ] ack was taller and slimmer

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than he-is now and n"Iade an ideal May pole. The show was a great success, and half the people who went couldn't get in. The two netted $Sex-, for the n"IonumP.nt.
Another mixed entertaintnent was given "for the benefit of Mrs. Stonewall Jackson." There was a play in whi.::h Sylvanus Morris and John 1-:Iope I-full were stars, songs by 1\fiss Ria Deariug, a charade by Rob Coates, W. D. Griffith- and other theatrical persons, and instrumental music. One of the very best an1ateur perforn1ances was ' Our :l\.iutue!] Friend,'' dranw.tized by Mrs. E. A. Crawford and presented by the Dickens Club at a pri~'ate residence. Fial Linton as the Cherub. 1\fiss Rosa Deloney as Bella and 1\1iss Leila Hull a; ~T rs. Wilfer could not be surpassed by profcsionals even.
In those days it was not thought atniss to give a supper for one of the churches. Son1.e of thes.e were very enjoyable and all fina:--isially disastrous to the young fellows who had friends arnong- Lhe g-irls. And suppers were snppers tben. When the gnests at a "party" were invited in to supper tLere on the rneat table were oysters and one or two turkeys and possibly a roast pig and a bowl oi chicken salad. On tht: main table wete large cakes iced and ornat1.1ented, stnall heart cakes, a wonderful centerpiece of cake or spun candy, fruits, roll wafers, love puffs, bowls of sillabub and Charlotte Russe, and always a big fruit cake.

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1\ow a little cake and ice creatn, a little salad on

a lettuce leaf, a small biscuit and an olive and a

glass of so-called punch 1 I\nd I have heard that

son1etin1es c"rackers and tea were all the tnenu !

Speaking of cakes, though, in 1840 Frandc;

I

VI/ aldron advertised that he nwill bake a com-

~

mencernent cake weighing 250 pounds, trirnrned and ornarnented in a style that cannot be excelled, which will be cut .L'\ugust sth in slices to suit custum.ers." VValdron kept a confectioner's store on Broad Street below Bishop's corner..

Recalling these various forms of amusement to

mind we may well ask the question nAre the pop-

ular amusernents of this present day helpful to

any kind of development; are they in any sense

improving-, and are they really enjoyable?"

A lady or gentlen1an is rarely asked to sing at

an evening entertainment. Girls who have prac-

tised assiduously on the piano give np their music

because they are never asked to play. A gan1c

which den1ands even a little intellectual effort i.s

discouraged. Ladies who are devotees to the

whist clubs declare that cards bore thetu. Then

to what encl is the kind of n1odcrn an1uscn1ents?

CHAPTER XLIX.

A citizen who was an honor to Athens was Dr. Crawford W. Long, the discoverer of anasthacsia. Dr. Long was modcsf almost to timidity

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and for that reason never took. the place in the cmnn1uniiy io which he was entitled and for the s~~n1c reason when he discovered the anasthetic effect of ether n1ade no clain1 to any credit for it. Not until an act was about to be passed by Congress to grant an honorariurn to another claitnant did Dr. Long assert hin1self and bring proof that his discovery antedated the others sev- cral years. 'l'he evidence v,ras indisputable and has been accepted by all the tnedical associations of any standing in this country and in England. Dr. Long was a good practitioner and '\vas for a titne surgeon in the Confederate anny. I-Ie was strid;:en \.Yith paralysis at the bedside of a patient and died soon aftenvards, in 1877.
The Legislature of Georgia has twice natned Dr. Long as one of two great Georgians whose statues should adorn the Capitol at VVashington, but the statues have never yet been sculptured.
An adtnircr of Dr. I.,..ong_. Ivir. I--Ienry L. Stuart, of New York, presented an oil painting of the discoverer of anasthaesia to the State of Georgia, Vihich "\Vas fonnally accepted by Governor Gordon and now hangs in the Capitol. A week after~ \vards Mr. Stuart was stricken with apoplexy in the hotne of the Longs in Athens and died there. I [e is buried beside Dr. I ..ong in Oconee cetne~ tery.
An1ong the dasstnates of Dr. Long was Jno. D. Diotnetari, a native of Greece. How he came

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to Georgia is not known, but the Presbyterian Educational Society, a local organization of that clay, adopted hitn and sent hitn to college with the ultin1atc view of his entering the ministry. If Dion1etari ever had that idea, he soon abandoned iL and it was not long before he was init1atcd into the n1ystcrics of "I-Iigh, Low, Jack and the Game." I-Ie was brought up by the faculty, his stipend was withdrawn by the society and there secn1ed nothing for John but to leave college. Being a general favorite, however, friends interfered with timely aid and the trustees rctnittcd his tuition fees. Still he vvas con1pcllcd to leave college before graduatiPg. The following reso1ntion, in the ornate style of the day, appears in the n1inutes of the trustees: "A meritorious young foreigner, the native of a country whose history forn1s so large a portion of the rncditations of the classical student, "\vho has thrown hitnself upon our hospitality and proved himself worthy of it by the fidelity with which he has disc'fiarged his duties as a student in this institution, ought not ic1 be deprived of any of the advantage~ which it can afford to hin1 because, yielding to the pressure c,f necessity, he has retired fron1 it before the final exan1ination of his class. 'Therefore, be it
"Resolved, That the degree of A. B. be conferred on Mr. John D. Dion1etari."
Dion1etari was a sn1art fellow and quite popular with all classes. Later in life he was appoint-

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cd ~\merican consul at A.thens, in his native countJy, where he sustained hirnsclf with credit.
Years ago there carne to Athens fron1. Western Xorth Carolina to buy goods a sandy-hairerl simple, honest man nan1ecl Peter A. Sutnmey. After"\val~ds he cam_c and stayed. lie rnarried the srstcr of John I 1. Christy and a betlcr 01 nwrc kincJ-hcarted pair than ~Jr. and l\Irs. Surnntey never iivcd. l\Ir. Sun-m1ey prospcrccl until the \var and afterwards, but crediting fanners \vho staked their all on cotton n1incd him. f n 1878. having lost his home and C\-"Crything e1sc, he and l1is wife opened a students' boanling house in Old College. The boys used to irnpose dreadfully on this amiable oicl couple and disorder reigned suprcnle. Of course, they cotnplained of the fare1 but cheap board 111eant poor food and the "Surnllley T-louse biscuit" proved a dyspeptic gerP1 when fresh and a dangerous projectile when stalE' ~fr. Sun1n1ey for a long tirnc sang bass in the :\Jctbodist choir--at least he was supposed to do so since he stood with the bassos and his :ips moved in unison with theirs. J{e -.,yas a goo<l n1an and every body esteen1ed hi1n.
For nearly twenty years one 1nan to whom th~ college boy was wont to turn for comfort was L. Flisch. I\1r. Flisch was a S'\Yiss and with his excellent wife lived just above the hotel, very convenient to the thirsty student. I-Ie dispensed icc cream and a variety of cakes and other tempt-

377
iug things, and into his till went ntany a quarter and on his books went tnany n1orc. It was the quarters on his books which persistently rernainecl there, that clrO\'C I\fr. Flisch away. lie saicl sn long as he stayed in Athens he would have to credit the boys and :,o long- as he credited thcrn they wouldn't pa_y~so he rnoved away in self-
defense. ~ rr. Flisch \Yas an elder in the Pres-
byterian church and an excellent 111a11, though somewhat solctTH"l of ,is age. IJ e 1110\Td to .c'\ugusta iu rRR3, where he continued to tcn>pt the
palate with sweetmeats. J\ rr. Flisch 's t:augh-
Ler, ~I iss Julia, is the only \VOlllan on whon1 the l'nivcrsil_y of Georgia has conferred a degree.
A sacl occurrence happened in 1877 LaFayette I\faupin "\vas a young 1nan "\vho had saved 0. little money and invested it in a stock of goods in a wooden store on the corner of 'Thomas and Clayton Streets. Tie had been 1narried a few months to a preity young girl barely r6 years of age, when one August night his store caught fire and burned dov..,n. Two days later l\.'Iaupin >valked down to the Mineral Spring, turned off into a thicket of pines behind Dr. Lyndon's house, laill down and shot himself through the head. The gjrl was distracted with grief and soon aftervvards the fatnily n"loved away, I know not >vhere.

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CHAPTER L.
Clarke County since Oconee was cut off frotn il has never had a hanging. Some years ago a negro was found guilty of the murder of I-Ienry Hunter and was sentenced to be hung, bu:
through the efforts of Rev. J. L. Stevens the sen-
tence was cotnn1uted to llfe in1prisonment. Hut long- ago there was a peculiar case in which
'I'hon1as Vvr ells was convicted of the murder of Peter Perry by evidence furnished by the nlurdercd n1an after his death.
It was in 1820 that Wells, who had a handsome wife, grew insanely jealous of Perry, sought rl_ difficulty with him and challenged him to a duel. T'erry cleclat-ed his innocence of any Improper conduct and his belief in the virtue of the lady aecl refused to fight. Somctirne afterwards Perry was found one morning in his garden dead from a shotgun wound. No one had seen the difficulty and the tuurder was a mystery. On opening the '''ill of the murdered n1an it stated that he expected every day to be assassinated by Thoma5 VVells, who hated hirn without cause and he enjoined his friends, whose nalTJ.es were there recorded, ML Thomas I-Tancock being one of then1, t,) prosecute Wells for his mut-der. Wells' manner on being an-ested, the papet- wadding found by the body, and his recently discharged shotgun \Vere all put in evidence at the trial. He was in-

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dieted and was tried for tnurder before Judge \'lavton. The challenge sent Perry and threats wade by the accused were proven and the accusation of the dead n1an \\as sustained. Wells was convicted of nTLlrder and was hung in Watk~nsville. Both of these 1nen lived in Clarke Cot1nty and "\Vere prosperous and well-to-do, owning- both land and negroes.
The Collegiate Institute, aJias the University 1-Iigh School, alias Rock College, was built it1. 1859 and "\Vas designed for the Freshtnan and Soph01nore classes of the University. lt was soon seen that the Fresh and Sophs wonldn't go there-they said they would stay at home soonc:-and the plan was changed so as to tnake it a preparatory department of the LJniversity.
The school was opened the first year of the 'var under Mr. Bcnjan1in R. Carroll, of Charleston, with ~1r. L. H. Charbonnier as hls assistant. 1\1 r. Carroll was a cetpable principal of great dignlty and with a deliberateness of speech that took no note of the flight of tin1e. IVIany sons of refugees and others fr01n Charleston, Savannah and _Augusta, as well as the 1najority of the boys in town, were sent there to be put under the admirable control of these gentlernen. The boys w~re forn1ed into cmnpanies and instructed in 111illtary tactics by Captain Charbonnier, himself a French soldier and a graduate of St. Cyr. \Vhcn the act of Congress was passed requiring

380
the enrollrnent of yuuths bet\veen the ages of I 7 ....t.nd r8, the Secl-etary of War detailed these high school boys for local defense.
_After the war Prof. B. T. Bunter and l\1r. W. VV. Lum_pkin conducted a prosperous school on the pren1iscs and rnany of their scholars were maimed soldie1s, sorne of the1n yet in life arnong the influential rnen of ti1c State. J\1r. Lurnpkin was a teacher "non fit sed nascitur." l-Ie had ihe gift of itnparting knowledge and rnade the subject attractive to the student. .l-Ie had a wonderful nay with boys \\Tith the little fellows he had more myst~rious confidences and secret negotiations than one n1an could well take care of. lie kept then1 alway.:> interested in their vvor-k and when he announced that he 'vonld tell stories or the hig rock next Saturday half the school would be on ha11d to hear hin1. He was an ideal Sunday school superintendent and it ,,vas a public luss when Mr. Lntnpkin tnoved to Atlanta, where he found a broader field and rnore relnunerativccOinpensation for his work.
To recur to Rock College, it 'vas in after years turned over to the School of Agriculture and became known as the University Farm. A great deal of fun has been poked at this fann and smne well deserved criticisn1s have been passed. npon it frmn titne to titTle, but it was the best whici1 could be done under the circun1stances.
In r892 the Trustees set apart this propert:,

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to the use of a Nonnal School, and after persistent efforts the Legislature established the State Nonnal School as a branch colleg-e of the L'niversity. It v-:as supported in its infancy by the Trustees and by private contributions Irmn the citizens. Capt. S. D. Brad\vcll was its first !'resident and tnadc <'~ capital President, too, even iJ" he did stick the dorn1itory cn(hvisc to the front: street. He worked assiduously tu popnlarize the school and first solved the problen1 of chea~) board, which has really put the school in re-ach of so n1any young people in the State.
The Nonnal School is now finnly established. Every year it is cro"\vded to jts utn1ost capacit~v, and although four larg.e buildings have been added to the old ones, the deman-d for 1T1ore romn continues. In 1841 tbis entire property "in the fc1rk of the road" was woodland ancl was offered for sale by William Brown.
CHAPTER LI.
No sketch of Athens could afford to omit Inention of the Hotne School kept by those excellent ladies, J\.Iadan1e and ~1iss Callie Sosno\vski. The Sosnowskis were in Colutnbia when Sherman burned the city and, of course, their school there was utterly broken up. They can1e to Athens and took charge of the Lucy Cobb Institute. After the death of J'virs. Schaller, Madatne's eldest

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daughter, they opened the I-ion1e Schocl in Nirs. Baxter's old hon1e. I-1 ere n;any daughters of Ceorgia \vere educated and the ad111irers of the H mne School girls and of the Lucy Cobb girLs never could agree as to which lvere the prettier.
J\1adan1 Sosnowski v-.ras a Pole and she vvas a princess in grace and r:ourtcsy of 1nanncr. She vvas highly educated, a brilliant nn1sic.ian and of very distinguished appearance. It was an education to a g-irl to be a~~sociated \vith the IVfadanK and lVTiss Callie. The l ;axtcr place proved too sn1all for th~ scbool and it \vas ren1ovccl to the old horne of Judge Ltunpkin, \vhich was an ideal place for it. -Icrc the Hmne School flourished until the failing health and death of I\Iadatne brought it to a final close.
A gentlernan of ihe old school-not of the F-lorne Sc:lwol-was Aibin P. Dearing. Reared i11 wealth, he lived in affluence, in the enjoyn1ent of an elegant horne, fine ho:ses, blooded cattle and the things which wealth sttppiies. In busi-
a ness l\Ir. Dearing was a banker, but i1e was too
liberal a 111an to drive sharp bargain, teo generous to press a cr;,;diLor, and he made no great money at that. I-Ie had a high sense of honor and the rnan \.vho once deviated f1om his ide;:J l never regained a place in his esteern. For that reason he was believed to have prejudices against smne n1cn. Perhaps he did. J: ie was courteous tc all and whatever others rnight do, 1\!Ir. Dear-

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lng never forgot that he hin1sclf vvas a gentleman.
J\'lr. Dearing had a very i1orid face, though an extrctncly 1c711pc1a1e n1an, and very white hair 1 hnt thc1e was none of the infin11ity of age about him. 11is step \vas finn and his m.ovcn1cnts quick and up to his last illness he never felt- that- old age 1vas creeping upon hitn unawares. f-Ie was fctallyc stricken \Vi.ih paral_ysis one n1orning in 1-:is huggy -.vhilc on his way clo1vn town.
_.\n institution of \\hiclr .:\ibcns is justly pcoud ancl which is unir1nc in .its class is the Southo-n .\lutual Insurance Compan~- This company vvas organi7cd lu Criffin b:'- a :\fr. !-)arsons, but alnl0:'->1 imn1cdiatclyc located in .\1hcns. '\shnry Hull \\as its first president and continued so nntil his death.
I Ls fi.rsi serious loss can1c nea1 swatnping the Cmnpany and had L11c president 110t advancecl the n1oney io pay ii. il1e Southern l\Intual wonlcl be ioday hnt a memory of ihe past.
In I 883 n1ore than a 1nillion dollars of asscits Lad been accun1nlatc<.l "'hen a bi11 was filed bv sornc of the stockholdc1s, so called. io compel the Djrcciors io clj vide the excess oYer lis legal reserve. Aftt>r considerable lltlg-aiion a decree \Ya,c rt'nclercd under \VlJich something over $200,000 was disilibuiccl among- a11 the policy-holders past and present, where they could be found. The attorneys for the policy-holders, TJ enr~" Jackson,

384
H. H. Carlton, E. K. Lumpkin and]. H. Lumpkin, got fees of $Is,ooo each.
The return premhtn1s paid by this Cornpan:,' give its policy--holders the cheapest insurance in the world.
The relation of a physician to his patient is of succh a nature that he is regarded n1ore as ~ n1ember of the fan1ily than even as a friend. Doctors R. ~1. Smjth and Joseph B. Carlton were conten1poraries in the practice of medicine anrl. eeach had a devoted clientelle. Dr. Sn1ith was short in statute and a great sufferer from. asthnm. l-Ie was Intendant before i-\thens ever haJ a :?viayor, and a Tvfason of the Thirty-Thinl De gree, -....vhatever that may be. I-Iis horne \Yas on the Opera I-fouse square, but he died in Gainesville, while on a visit to relatives.
Dr. Carlton on the contrary was a large 1nan with a splendid physique, which he in1paired b~r exposure, dying in the prime of life. I-fe too. left his practice to serve awhile in public fife. Both vvere for a tin1e surgeons in the arn1y, T)r. Sm.ith of the 16th Georgia, and Dr. Carlton of Tom-nbs' Regiment.
Nearly sixty years ago there ca1ne to Athens a young Irishman with his wife, n10ving into a little house on the corner of the Catholic Church lot. Nir. Cobb, who was their landlord, befriended them and set them up in business as the successors of A. Brydie in a low wooden store-

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where the I\.iicDowell building stands on College avenue. 'l'his jolly good natured Irishn<an was \Villian1 ::\lcDowell-" .1\Ir. Niac," as the boys all called hirn-genial and generous, who dispensed candy and gave credit the one as cheerfully as the other. lie prospered and bought the old wooden store.
During the war ?-.Ir. ~Iac disappeared, leaving behind his wife, who scuffled to support her-self and two little chcildren like n1any another woman did in those Jays. ~\fter the war closed the truant husband returned and opened a harness shop. It was said that he had gone to Ohio, but he never told where he had been. At any rate he was an industrious citizen, replaced the olrl wooden shanty with the brick store and there he and his son conducted a profitable business in fancy groceries. 1\Jr. 2\1ac \Vas stricken with paralysis and lingered ahnost helpless for severai years before his death.
Willy 1\IcDowell \vas a popular young rnan, an ardent fireman and Captain of the Pioneers. His Irish blood cropped out at election ti1nes and his influence was sought by -candidates. In a fit of mania resulting from poor health, he shot hirnself.
Two Israelites who settled here just in time to he caught amidships by the war were ~Toses ?vfyers and Gabriel Jacobs. Of course they went into dry goods, which aftenvards beca1ne any

386
and all kinds of goods. \\Then the conscript lav\,. was passed Jacobs was pl1ysically exempt, but ~Joses :i\1yers vvas a healthy able-bodied 1nan. He developed a sore on his leg \vhich got worse, and all through the \var he hobbled about on Cl-utches \vith bandaged foot, suffering twinges cf acute pain whenever he n1et anybody. The Loys used to say he rubbed his leg with a b1ick to keep it sore, and Luche J\icCleskcy and Tinny Rucker, lcs infants terrib!es~ yelled "Bricks" a;: him_ whenever l1e appeared on the street. But it wasn't !\1oses l\'Iyers' fight, and he can't b(' bJ amed for wanting to keep out of it, and a sor~ shin \vas preferable to a b111let through the head. -'\fter the surrender Ivir. 1\Iyers' leg got well anrl he becan1e one of onr best citizens. IIe was an honest n1an, reliable in his dealings, faithful to bis contracts, and Jew and Gentile alike regretted his death.
A 11 I recall about Gabriel Jacobs during the v..ar is that he made soldiers' caps. He 1nade on~ for rne when I went to the an11y, which T thought then and still think was the nattiest, jauntiest cap a soldier ever "'>'VOre, and Otlght to have been preserved in a glass case. G. Jacobs was the father of Joseph Jacobs, the Atlanta pbarm.acist, who was born and raised in Athens.
VVhile the Jews of old were a warlike people their n1odern descendants are not inclined to war. But Caspar :r...forris was one Israelite who vol-

387
untcerccl and sc1vccl as a private in the 16th Georgia fot fotlr years, taking his share of danger and pdvation vvith i11e rest of tben1. Caspar settled do-wn to business in ..r\_ihcns after the war and when he died left a good estate.
Arnong i11e celebrities Athens once clain1cd a
rope-walker. ~A.._. l-1. J ennings, whose 1opc namt:
v;as Professor I-Ialwick, landed he1e on one of his tours and hkecl the place so \Yell that he slayeci. I should rather say that he liked l\~!iss Ella Bucssc so nn1ch that l1e rnarried her and she stayed. I-Ialwick '-vas a popular fellow and ~ good pcrfonner on tbc tight rope. Jic once stretched his rope across Broad street bclo\v the Kational Bank and rolled a wheelbarrow across on iL In the wheelbarrow was a s1nall cooklngstove with a fire in it, an<-1 I-Ialwick cooked batter cakes whlle the crowd waited. i\t anothertin1e he l-olled another rnan across in the wheelbarrow. The rnan never had any sense afterwards. But I1a1wick's star perfonnancc was \valking a rope across the Grand ChastTL at Tallulah Falls for a purse of $500. l-Ie gave exhibl:"6m1s in different to-.,vns in the state and in on~ oi thern fell fron1 the rope and broke his leg. That was the end of the 1-ope-\valkcr, but not of I-Ialwick, who Jived here smne years afterwards, was elected to an office of so111i:! kind-possibly Coroner-and eventually 1noved to Brunswick, where he now lives.

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CHAPTER LII.
The old street railroad which has been referred to, was never designed to carry passengers, but in 1885 a 1-1r. Snodgrass, from Texas, came to Athens and proposed to build and equip a road for passenger service. Snodgrass rnade a business oi building street railroads in towns where there were none. I-Iis plan was to get subscriptions to the stock fron1 the citizens, as n1uch as he could, then put a mortgage on the road, is~ue bonds as nmch as it would stanrl, and get ci'-'zens to buy the bonds as rnuch as they would, both as a preferred security and to help a public enterprise. For his profits he took all the cash over and above what the road cost.
Snodg-rass got all the encouragement he wanted in Athens. The Council gave him an an1ple franchise and his bonds were all taken. IIl<> b-ack, laid on top of the grounnd, was of the lightest iron that is made. He had three cars, 1'Lucy Cobb,'' "Pocahontas" and "No.2." ()ne oi then1 is in ?\Jr. Flanigen"s yard 110\V, used for a chilrlren"s playhouse. The n1otive power was Texas n1ules of the n:10st diminutive variety.
These little n1ules v. rere shipped in car load lots and were as wild as rabbits and n1uch n1ore active. They hcid to be broken in, ancr during this process the schedule was smashed into fragnlents and the passenger never knew where to

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find the mule. If they had rope enough they were as likely to be behind the car as in front, or for that n1atter, inside. Those poor little tnules had a hard tin1e of it. In wet weather they wore holes between the crossties knee deep, and iu front of Dr. I-Junnicutt's, which was then a quagn1irc ln winter, they learned to walk the track. The active superintendent of the road vvas a negro named Satn, who was driver and
factotum, although J. H. Dorsey held the office.
VVhcn Snodgrass had realized his profit he went to other fields and our little road went into receiver's hands to be wound up. The assets and franchise were sold to E. G. I-larris, who was
assisted by J. T. Voss, and backed by Dr. Hunni-
cutt. This cmnpany converted the road into an eleCtric line,
The Athens Park tnd Itnproventent Cotnpany, which had bought a large tract of land as far out as the Seaboard road, made a contract with the street railway people, by which the Boulevard was opened front Barber street and the railway projected through it.
But both cmnpanics had bitten off tnore than they could easily n1asticatc, and the inevitable Receiver again stepped in and took charge of eadt o thetn. There was a lot of money lost in these two enterprises ; not less than a hnndred thousand dollars first and last.
The street railroad was finally bought by VV.

390
S. llolinan, [\_, 1>. Dearing, \\'. T. J]ryan and j. ':i. Caritber.s. 'l'hcse gentlernen imrnediately bought aud UeYcluped the water po\Yer at ~\1 itchell's bridge anU alxuHlonc.:d the expcnsive ::otcan1 plant \Yhich baU l unushcd the pu\\ lT.
'l'hc .L\thcns Electric !{arlway is no\v one of the finest properties in the ,South. ll not only vperatcs the cars, but lights the city sueets and i urnishes curTent lor ligll Ling houses and fur rnoturs throughout th~: city. The lllanagcr, .2\lL C. D. 1~ lanigen, iurnishes a service \Vhich is not surpasseU in any other city.
\\hen the \var began there vvere ilnee cotton lllills in anJ. about .L\tbcns oi lirnited capacity, and by no rncans in iirst-class conUiLion. 'l'he Ceorgia l<actory, tile oldest oi thc1n, at its last g.c:t.sp had bceu bougllt by John VVhite, who was cperatiug it. The detuanU ior cloth and yar:...1 inllnc<liatcly gave a stin1ulus to it which tllafl-.: nmch n1oncy for the ovvner. _Any n1achincry 1\h ich \v ould twist threaU was worth its weight i11 Conicderate n~oney, anU as for lo01ns-their value was bcyouU c01nputation. \Vhcn the war closed l\tlr. \Vhitc was a rich rnan. 1---::l_e judiciously invested his lllOliCy, in1provcU his property, and at his death left a large estate to his children.
Princeton Factory went fr01n bad to worse. It never rnaUc any 1noncy since Mr. VVilliarn<:>

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owned it. It "\vas reorganized and renovated, and finally sold uncle1 the han1n1cr.
Athens Factory n1ade n1oney hand over fist. For thirty years it paid an average of 13 per cent dividends and its stock sold 0.s hig-h as l(l5. \i\fhen jt bccan1c saddled vyith a debt of $7o,ooo. for 1noney borrowed to develop narnett Shoals1 iL began to stagger under the loacl, ancl \VhC!l the Shoals property \Vas sold ancl nothing paid on this debt, the end was not :-tr to see. By this unfortnnatc corn plication 3-nd Lhc -1:-tilurc Jf the Athens Ivfannfactur.ing Con1pany, not less than $2oo.ooo was lost to its creditrJrs and stockholders. L\ f r. Bloomfield. its p1esidcnt, had large vlews for the Athens Factory. l-Ie bought tlv~ old Confederate arn1ory, which he co~Jverted into a cotton n<ill, the lowe[ n1il1 bein~ reserved for spinnlng J.rarns. In the purchase of Barnett'~ Shoa1s with a 5500 horse-power fall, he plannc'l t.> erect a g-reat electric plant to furnish current to the city for lighting and n1anufacturinr;. His financicring- was at fault, his plans .fell through, and another cotTtpany is now doing just what he coutentplated hventy years ago.
Five 1ncn in Atbcns in later years have been pr01ninent in public spirit, John -\V. Nicholson, R. L. Blocllnfielcl, ]. /\. T-Iunnicutt. R. K.. R~avcs
and J. I-1. Rud;:er. 1-\o cntt:rpri.sc was ever ir.aug-
uratcd to promote the inteccsts of the city which did not receive their ~upport and -financial aid.

392
H there vvas a sale of real estate they were there tc bid and help on the sale. If there was a sub~ scription to be taken up their nan1cs were ahvays counted on. lf a fellow citizen needed aid and deserved it, their credit and their n1oney was extended to hitn. It so happened that reverses in business can1e to each of thern and their losses thotlgh not so kecnl:v felt, was also a blow to the conunutlit:v.
_As a n1an passes out frotn the .sphcte of business he is no longer regarded as a factor in th~ acti vitics of life, but the local historian cannot pern1it these rnen to be forgotten for what they have done for Athens.
Two citizens of Athens, always warn1 personal frjencls, enjoyed the deserved reputation of beingher best financiers. These were Ferdinand Phinizy and Young L. G. :Harris.
Mr. Phinizy had the inborn facnlt:v of seeing the end of a business proposition. His judgement was alnwst unerring. Given the facts anri the outlook, his solution was algebraic in its certainty. In the course of a long business career he dealt with large schemes and his adviet; was often sought by others. l-Ie accumulateU a large estate, appraised at his death at thirteen hundred thousand dollars, \vith not a taint upon a penny of it. VVith all his gathering he was a liberal 1nan, giving to the support of churches, subscribing to public enterprises, charitable to

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393

the poor. Mr. Phinizy liked to have a hand in

things. Though not a 1ncn1bcr of the church nnti!

a short time before his death, he interested him_-

self in the business of the J\1ethodist church, in

the appointlnent of preachers, and strenuously

cpposcd the purchase of an organ. :He controlled

the Southern Mutual Insurance Company, of

which he was a director, and the Northeastern

Rail road as long as he \\as connected with it.

Hut while :i\1r. Phinizy was a dominating ntan he

I

was not a dom.inccring man. 1-Ie was affable and genial, an agreeable companion and a valuabl"=." citizen.

Judge. I-Tarris-he had been a lawyer and was

I

once a jndge of the Inferior Court-m_anicd a fortune and added to it. He had no children and he and his wife, a tnnst excellent wmnan,

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Jived rather secluded lives. Doth were devoted Methodists. If Judge Harris loved anything besides his wife it \Vas the J\{ethodist Church. T-Ic sustained it in life and it \Vas his leg-atee after

death. He gave nutch to charity and his hand

was ever open to the needy. Anrl yet Judge

Harris didn't like to be troubled or to take trouble.

It was easier for hin~ to contribute money and

Jet somebody else take the trouble. He was an

impatient rnan and showed it quickly. Thoug!-1

he had a large family connection, and nieces

and nephews, he seemed to care little for then1.

I-!e was extremely polite, and when on the street

394
raised his hat to everyone who1n he tnet, .;;nme-tin1cs even forgetting to draw the color line.
'I'hc J uclgc T\vas a rnan of fine business judg-
tnent, controlled by conservatistn, and tnanaged the interests of the Southern J\1utual Insntance C01npany, of \Vhich he was president, with prudence and success. It is problClnatical "\vhethc1 he \vould have had as tnany friends if he had not had so much n1oney.
Dr. John S. l-inton was one of the builde1s of Athens. lie graduated in rnedicine but soon abandoned the practice for the tnore active affairs of life. I-Te built the first paper tnill in Georgia, and first organized and operated the Athens Foundry. He was one of thG 01ganizcTs of the State Fair and of the Clarke Connty Fair. He enlarged and n1anaged the Athens Factory, took contracts to build railroads, and at the satne tirne owned large plantations and several hundred negroes. 1-Jis negroes, worth $Ioo,ooo, Vi.rere freed by the war. Wilson's Raiders destroyed $20,000 worth of his cotton. After the war he endorsed the paper of a friend who failed, and lands and propc:rty went to pay $6o,ooo to 1--:is creditors. But though practically ruined, Dr. I _,inton never lost his nerve nor could one have known fron1 his manner that he had lost a dollar.
Dr. Linton was itnpatient and often it-ritable,

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395
but a n1ore generous tnan never lived. l-Ie was after the "var an enthusiastic farn1er and "vhile he sold coiton and corn and cattle, when it carne tc butter or fruit or turkeys he would give then1 to his friends, but would never sell thcrn. !-Ic lcokcd upon that as a sn1all business.
J nst after the surrender a. negro girl was itn-
pertincnt to J\'[rs. Linton, and the doctor whipped her for it. I-Iicing to the Frccdrnan's Bureau the girl lodged her con1plaint and Dr. Linton was sntnn1oned before lVIajor J(nox. l(nox stated the case and asked the offender if he had anything to say. "Yes. She "vas irnpertincnt and I whipped her." '"VVcll," said Knox, "I'll have tP fine yon t\vcnty dollars." Pnlling out the n~oncy Dr. Linton thre"\v it to the "Bureau" and said, "'She is rny nigger and I'll whip her when 1 please." Dr. Linton lived to a good old agepast eighty-three in fact-but when he wa<> eighty years old he wcnld walk all over his farm and into tovvn and back. I--Iis charities wete without nun1ber and his generosity li1nited only b) his rneans. ,\thens owes n1.orc to no tnan than tc John S. Linton.
CHAPTER LIIT.
The agitation for pubilc schools first began in 1879 ?\aturally it gave rise to tnnch discussion and arguments pro and con. The conserva-

396
6ves opposed it. They had never been to a public school, they had been well educated without it,

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and the pn~vate school was good enough o1 thetn

and their children. Besides public schools n1eant

t

an increase in taxes, and mmeover the public

school \Vas a ~f assachusetts invention and we

\vere

Yankeeized fast enough anyhow.

The mnoTP,,ive elen1ent favored it. \Vhat the

ccuntry needed was ecl11cation, systeJnatic education; it was or the public good and the public

\

should pay or it. Look at Germany, how she

walloped F1ancc. Cern1any had pnblic schools,

F1ance didn't. All g;ro\ving cities had public

schools. .\thew;; was a growing city, therefot-c,

(] F. D. . \ public 111eeting was called in June

at whicl1 the subject was thrashed out. A com-

n .iitee had been appointed to bring in a reporL

of v..:llich Ho'\vell Cobb, Esq., \Vas chairman.

}-[is report was a n1anrelous con1position. It

f:.cvored both schools and no schools. It enlpha-

sized unin1portant details and lightly touched up-

on the (jUestion at issue. The report was satis-

factory to both sides and was adopted, and as

the hour was late the 1neeting adjourned to an-

other day-and nothing carne of it. The tin'le

was not ripe for public schools and Judge Cobb

knew it.

Subsequently however, in 1885 the people by a

majority of 6o3 voted an issue of bonds for

school buildings, and an act of the legislature

397
authotizcd the public school system. of _/\lhens. The City Council first located one of the build-
ir.gs on the old ccn1etery where the ncgToc<:: 'ere buried, and excavations for the foundations were begun. The gTonnnd was honeycotnbed with old gTaves which bad to be dug dowu tn the hard clay, and a sn1all wagon load of bones v.'ete disintened. This so offende(l the scntintent of the peop1c that the site was abandoned, the g-raves fillc(l in and the lot on \Vashington street was purchased.
Prof. E. C. Branson was the first supedntcnclent of schools, and to l1is rctnarkable talent !":. thcns owes the thorough organization of her systen1, which is not snrpassccl by any in the State.
Foe many years hack the ,'\ thcns bar stood hlgh i11 the cstitnation of the Stale. Recalling 1ts eGrlier 1nen1bets, there were _,\_ugustin S. Claylun, Ed\Y:tnl I-Tarden, Charles and \Villian1 Dougheny, -VVillian1 J ... JVJitchell, Jnnius 1-iillyet-, \i\lil1ian1 1-Iope I-full, I--Io\-vell Cobb, Joseph H. I.um.pkin, 1'hnm.as R. R. Cobb, Cincinnatus Peeples, DenjaJninl---I. }!ill :tnd Satnucl P. Thurn1ond. These n1en were a tower of strength to any cause they n1ight a(lvocatc.
0 f these San1t1el P. Thurn1ond was tnost tna. rked by rugged strength. l-Ie was self educc.clcd and of the people. lie was honest and fearless, tenacious and resourceful. By his in-

398
dustry he built up a good practice and accurnulatcd a fair fortune. Col. 'fhurnwnd under a rough exterior, had a kind heart and loved mercy. The lady \vhom he rnarriecl -.vas possessed of scrne property -.-vhich 'vas held by trustees, auJ which they had invested in good faith in secnrities \vhich ttltitnately proved aln1ost valueless. In hi3 scttlen1ent -.-vith these trustees Col. Thurmond \Vaived his right to dernand the orig-inal value of his wi fc's estate and accepted the depreciated securities at ace value, giving a receipt in fulL Not many men would have clone this.
In only one instance did his acwnen fail hin1. \\Then Confederate bonds had a factitious value i:n the rnarkct o ten dollars a thousand, the Colo ne1 refused that offer for about so,ooo which he had packed awa_y somewhere. He gave as his reason that the Yankees vYere rnaking- so n1uch tnoney, after awhile they would buy all the Confederate bonds they could get and then pass a la"v rnaking then1 worth par.
Of the younger merr:.bers of the Athens bar none had the promise of a brighter future than George Dudley Thornas. Gifted with a fine intellect, social posilion, inflnential hiends and a spotless character, he had all the c1etnents of success as a lawyer. George Thomas was truthfal and inspired confidence. !-Ie was pure in thought ancl speech; a nFUl 'vhon1 all estcetned. He was never robust and \Vas a young rnan when he died,

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399
and yci. he was counsel for the largest corporattons which did business in _!\thens. 'I'he death oi such a man is alwa_)''S a public loss.
It has been said that ~'\thcns is a delightful place to live ancl spend rnoney, but a poor plac~ t_) make h, and that a young- tnan has no opportun;Lies in J\tl1cns to becmne successful in business. I shall not debate the question but sitnply tcnclei in evidence a lew cases and let the rcadeL decide, ancl I slwll not go back lo the \Var period because the conditions since are so (liffcrcnl from whal they viCTC before.
R. K. Reaves carne horne after the surn.nclcr with less than fifty dollars and began lLading. ln t\YCnly-five years he was 'North $150,ooo, all made here.
A ftcr the war John Talrnadge opened a little store with a wheelbaJTO\\~ full of goods. Soon after his brother, Clovis joined hirn and both n~arricc1. \Vhen tl1c latter died they were worth ~5o,ooo. :0:ow Taln1aclge Uros. Co. is one of the 1u.rgcst flnns in Northeast Georgia.
Jn I87J.. Prince Jiodgsonjwas in the paper col-
lar business in rrroy, N. Y. The panic knocked
bi1n into Slllithececns and he came bmne. As~ bury was a Southern Express n1esscnger; Joe
was l\1. G. and J. Cohen's bookkeeper. 1'he
brothers fonncd a partnership, built up a large retail grocery store, a prosperous bLokcrage agency and a fertilizer 1nanufactory doing an inl

400

n'!ense annual business, which they own, besides

valuable interests in other enterprises in the city.

In 1870 :rviendel Morris had a small stock of

ary goods in the little corner store by Storey's

warehouse, perhaps worth three hundred dollars.

Now he owns twenty dwelling houses, two stores

and a large stock of goods and has money in the

bank.

1n rSSo Hiram Crawford and Jos. N. Webb

quit clerking and put about $2,000 capital into

groceries. Now the finn sells goods all over

Georgia.

/

In r87G Simon and J'vloses G. Michael began

business in Bishop's old corner with the shelves

about half full of goods. Soon the new three-

story building was put up to accon11nodate thei~

business. After five years, needing tnore room.

they bought the lot and built their present store.

and then had to rent another building. Now

besides the large business they conduct, they own

valuable real estate, and each of thetn has built

an elegant horne in the city.

ThOinas Bailey worked for day wages in the

;\thens Founndry as boy and 1nan, beca1ne a

Master :rvrachinist, saved his money and invested

it wisely. fie now owns valuable real estate in

and around Athens, is the President and chief

owner of the Foundry where he worked as a boy,

and is respected for his sound judgtnent and

esteemed for his solid worth.

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401
All these n1en-and there are others besidessucceeded by legitin1ate business n1ethods and there was no luck about it.
Young ffien, don't go west to Atlanta. Sta:v right here and mind your business. Other n1en have n1ade fortunes doing it.
CHAPTR LIV.
The Chancellor of the University is always one of the first citizens of the State and this was pree1ninently true of Dr. Lipscon1b, the first of the Chancellors.
Andrew 1\dgate Lipscornb was a native of Virginia. I-Hs boyhood was spent in the historic region of J.\.Ianassas, and every foot of that fiercely-contested ground "\vas familiar and its features distinct in his recollection. Entering the ministry of the Protestant 1.1ethodist Church, his feeble healLh soon detnanclecl his retirement, and he located in ""~labama, building up a prosperous fen1ale school at Montgo1nery.
Dr. Lipscon1b was a scholar of great eruditiOn and a lecturer of great power. As a sermonizer, he was prone to get beyond the depth of his audience, but at times, both in the pulpit and on the rostrun1, he rose to flights of eloquence rarely equalled in a land of orators. He was essentially a benevolent n1an, largehearted and loving. It was his fault, if fault

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402

it could be called, to think too \n:Jl of everyone.

J !c ncycr recognized the '"old i\dam," nor acl-

1lliitcd the existence ol ''pure cussedness" in any buy. 11enry \V. (~rady, 'vl1cn a colLcg,-.:

siudcnt. in a collC:'gc paper, aclrnirahly carica-

h!icclthc Chancellor in a 1nock accouut of a trie1l

by ihe faculty of a student fo1 a misdemeanor.

Y\rhcn the other Professors hacl expressed then

v~C\YS, nne plainly declaring that he believed ;..rr. J\'L was clwnnk," Dr. J,ipscomb said, ''I

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apprchcud thai tbc t1nco11sclot1s cci-cln-ation in

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?d r. 1\1 c L--- 's case, reacting- through the n~rv-

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011S system, so excited the brain cells, that 1he

i1npnlse given to nHtscular Clction lwcan;c irresist<lhle."

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Though abhorring discipline in its strictest

sense, Dr. L1pscom h, by personal appeals to

tl:e lJcttcr- natnre of his ho;-s--":!\Ly clear boys'"

a.s he was yvont to call them-and by carnesl

personal inte1vie\YS, avvakcnccl in manv a stud-

ent aspirations io a uobkT life.

\ Vhilc Chancellor he in::ntgnrated the Sabbath

afternoon service for students. In these lect-

lllTS he was at his best. Brief-never longer

than a hal f-honr-pointccl, ancl perfect gctns

of thought aud delivery, they attracted large audiences fron1 the city, taxing the utnwst ca-

p:1.ctity of the prayer-romn. ..A 1112-ster of elocu-

tion, a thorough rhetorician and an euthus;-

ast in teaching, the careers of his pnpils, n1any

f

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oi them prominent 111cn in this and othet State:;, is Lhc mca;:;wc of Dr. Lipscomb\:; suecr.::ss.

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~\-hen he retired .l-ron1 the l ~nivcrsit_\. he ch1

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~o ~ccking relief frotn the responsibilities of hi:, office. . \hya_)s a sulfcrcr, hie:. 11(Tvcs '1\"Cl-c al

\\ <:t:s n\crstrullg-. and while apparently \\-ell, and

::;ecmingly rohust. i:f intcrcst(~d in his subject.

l1c \Ynulcl be gTcatly prostrated hy the reaction.

Dr. Lipscomb scr\ cd the L-nivcrsity \Yell in

the most trying. ti1ncs nf its history aud left 1t

tl,c cstabli ..;lwd pride of the State. For a fc\\" YCats after his n.~sig-nation, Jw scrycd as a lecturer at \andcr])ilt Lnl\"Clsity. tl1cn n::'tunted LCJ

spend the remainder o[ his tlt1ccscorc ancl ten

years at his home in .\thcns. \ fter the death o~ ClJancc11or ~lell, J)L l.,..ipsco1nb fi~lecl tetnpor~u-il_\ the chair of Jlloral pllilo.~oph_,-. Chan-

ccll()J" J,ip:--.comb \\";-1'-i :;ltccecdcd by 1)r. T"nckcr.

l kn1-y I! olt."Olllbc 'J'uckcT \\;ts hlrn in CcOJg:ia. J ll:-; \\ido\\ eel tnnthc1 111arrying a second time, n~nlo\-cd tr> Philaclelplti:l in l1is childhood, ~llld there he liYcd until his ninf'tccnth ycat". II'- graduated ~ti Cohnn1;lan C1ll1eg-c-. in \\'ashinf..~-

tcn Cit:. For a IC\\ yc;u:-:: lw engagecl in mercantile lntsinc.ss in Chadcc;hnt. 1hen ::;ilHJiccl la\\. :liHl \\as Ztdtnitlccl to the h:u in FrJrsyth, (~a. pr~wticing 1.1111.11 1~-t.S. Tb: kll(l\\lcd.f2.T ot tlv...: pral'lil:tl h~1c,incss nf life \\ llk!1 he <tl'Cjllin:cl chn--

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404

ing that decade \\a::. ()l ,~Teat ad\-;llltagc tu llili1 in after life.

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The death of l1i~ \Yilc. \\itllin a \L'<:ll" at"tc:.

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l:cr marriagv. bnll1g-ht the C<Jtl\iLti()ll tu DL

Ttllk.,_t-_..; n1iud that }Jc (Jttght to pt-ccu~!J the ;:2;0~-

pel. llc :tCCIIrdin.~l.\ ~tttdicd 1-nr the !lJinisu

uttd~:r the \T11eralllc J)r. l )ag-g at .\lctcct but tt: ~~cnt itl\-itati(JllS to engage in teaching clivcr~

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ted ]Jilll lt-(1111 tl1c nctin: 111ini.st1_,..

1hnin.~ 1l1c \\ :tr. l )L Tucker \\-a.-.: :tcti,:c in

l"Yl'rv il11J\ C1Jlt..'Jll L11 :Llic\i:ttc the '-'tlJ.(crings 1,f

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the ]Wil]>lc. ! lc \Ya ..; llw l::,nlnlcc <Jf the <>.>rgj~,

l~dlcl and IJo-.,pital

11. '-\ hich carried

aid and comfort 111 thon:--and of sick <:UH~

\\ tJttn<lcd ,,n]di(T.-.. ;tttrl he 'ccl\ S1lc~11t his tinw

;uHl ll'illH'_\ in lh_lpit:g- the rk.--.,liltltc.

'!\)

uait n~- "-h:tr:teteJ !)1. 'l'llcku- dnnht-

1"-"" \J\\cd nmc-1l 11! tl!L' l:tihn-c {,f hi-; adtnini ..;

('han~_v[l,q at \t1h'11..;_ 'J'h;,_t y,-a_--; hi~

! ic c:t1\'r] :1

a --;p;Hl(. and \\ '-'lll :--:t1ai;..:;llt- :n

('\\.._'1-_d:lill:-

:t din:d

1~1at ;:1irl:. :--:llnckcd

:---,,;Jtc p, . .p!c.

! !;-. liT;t:

t]h' ~tt1dL'1]1;

\\ ;t~ fail- and npt_'!l. I !c

J, wkcd his 1, '' :~ll

d,,(,,-

hi,: lic---k. Yet d'--tting hie.; ab-;cnc<.~

I!othing- 1\a,.; c\cr ili~hnlJcd. ( )n , 111c ncc:~:--:i\):1

;1 1llJ1ll1X'r (Jl l~aptist lllini .. tc!:--. p:t:..; ... ing tbJ-,lnQh

.\1hcn..; on t-heir "\\"a_\' L() a -.t:ttc , ''11\ ,ntiotJ. ha!

1'' lie 'l\<:~T a ni.c:l1t. One 11\ t-1lc ,_sidcnt f',ap

4-05
tJ"L...,, an inf1uential 1nan, ~ng:g-csLcd tllat Lhcy be cnhrtained at the home:-o oi Lhc people, anJ a"kcd ])L Tt1ckcr how 1nany he 1\-l:uld takL".
:\on..::', _..,jr_" said he. "I don't want thc111
l)r'in2;in::-.; dirt into l1l_, hou:;c. l\1t a:-; 1n:u1:,
~ l)tl Lh-ink I llll;_~;ht 1o take at the ll01d and ~ 1Yili pay tl1c bill.''
l lc._' :-.aid (Jll'C that hv didn't. lil'-e t1H..' \;apti:--.h ;m~,-llo\\. and t.hc l~apli~b didn't like hitn; bu1 !1..: HCYl.T '' :l\'L'l-L'd 111 uph(jldin~- the docirilll'S (l'hi...; churcl1. l Jc 111ac1c many C11C'lll1CS cunon:~ tl1at denomination ,,-bile lH' \\CL'-i pn._~idcnt il( _\lci~vr. ;tnrl the fallinr-:: utr in the :e:Ludcllts llen~ v:!Jik 11C \\a:-; C'llanccllo1 '\\a.~ c1Jic!l.' in tl1at c](l::....; t;f palnJll<tg-c.
Dr. TuckcT <mcv :;aid, al1cr hi~; rc...;ignat~''ll: 'I'll'-; tTtbUT.' tl1onght i conldn't l'llll (ll' c.l)i\_'~~'-~. hut tile_, adopted all m:- rcC<lP11lWlHlatinn::.." 'i l1i:-- \\'a:-; (j11ite t.nw. l{ J\- Llwy aL'>lishcd the l ~ni \'L'r:--.1t; s.,-stl.'lll, n .:t:llnitl~~- tn Lhc cnrricub \Yitlt the \:tT"H '11'-' c<ntr:-;c~ c:tt'h lcadin_; t_, 1 ih dcg-rct' t''('' ur;:-~rl fl'<tt the ~~LltHL:lnl o1l ~>.h LtL...;!11p h,

:._ ]1<11 ]),- '1'n(~k:.._,-, r('\i1,n1v11i ~): I' :I \!,.:i!

crl'' tvd Chancc11<n

:\lc11 \\;,~. h1n1 in l,:lw',L:. ('"l\11

1:,

lw a;..:.:v ol ..;c\T1llccn. he 1an~-:1lt

...;:t\ing VJl'lllgh L{) takv hilll t '

406
An1herst Co) lege, Mass., \Yhere he graduated, paylng his expenses there by teachtng during vacation. .:\fter leaving college, he taught at Springfield and at 1-lartford, but declined flattering offers there to return to his native State
C pon the rccOinniCndation of Governor Troup, he \Vas elected professor of ancient languagcs in ?--fercer College in 1842, and twelve \ears later, \Yas called to the san~e chair in the L~nivcrsit_y of Ceo1gia. 1 I ere he spent the tcmaindcr of his days .
.:-\s a preacher of the gospel, Dr. .:\Iell ranked high. lie 111<:Hle no pretense of oratory, nor even reached the point o[ eloquence, but the exhaustin: analysis of his subject and the close lcasoniug of his argurnent, held his hearer's strict attention and left then with the sense that there>: \\'as nothing tnorc to be said. lie had the unbounded confidence of his oYnl clenon1ination ancl held the office of l\Iorlerator of the Southern Baptist Convention for many years. being annnally re-elected until the last year of his life.
\t one session of that body, held in Louis\ille. Ky., a brother -.,d1o \\as speaking referred tc, the late Civil \Vat as the ''rebellion." Dt. ~vlell in1111ediately rapped sharply with his gavel and saicl : 'That \\orcl is out of order on th!.s tloor.'' ?-{o1 did he yield one iota of his devotion to the South or the justice of the Confeder<1te canse.

407
ln 1861, be raised a cornpany of volunteers, ~ailed for hin1 the l\'Iell Rifles, but before they enlisted, the cleaih of ).Irs. J\Iell, leaving a fanlily of sn1all children, 111adc it intperative that he should retnain at hotne. Later in the wa1, he conunancled a regin1ent of ''six tnonths" troops at R01ne and Sa-vannah.
Personally, Dr. ?\[ell \vas austere in tnanner, teservecl and distant, but courteous to all, even to punctiliousness, and to his friends, he verged upon cordiality. ~\s a professor, he was a l1arcl n1an to recite to. 1-Iis custom on the assembling of the class was to say: ''::\ Tr. Hlank, \Yill you hegin the lesson:" J f ::\f r. Dlank happened tt) be an avcrag;e student, upun such an invitation he \Yotdcl utterly fail to suggest au idea; but it by chance he ,\-as able to respond wiil1 any success, the professor \Ynulcl, after a little. say: 'That will clo. sir; .\Ir. X., \Yill you please take it up there?'' ~o change of expre.c:s-i:otl ever indicated to either "hcther he hacl fa-i:lecl or recited correctly.
'f'he \Yriicr can1c in one Saturday morning to a class in Latin under Dr. J\fell. after an all night 'poss1.1m hunt, barely getting into tbc chapel at the last tap of the prayer-bdl. .-\.s 1night have been expected, so soon as he composed hin1sdf on tbe recitation bCnch, he fell asleep. 'I'he professo1 pron1pily called on hin1 to read a pa;:,sagc in Cicero and appreciating the situation, let

him sleep thrcugh the honr-but gaxe llin1 zer',). . \ brief illness foil( nYing upon prostration
];!ought Chancellor .:\fell to his Led. fron1 ,,hich he never rose. ()n January 2(1. 1RRK he breathed b1;-: last.
\\'hile the \\ titer has csche\Yed sketches of n'cn still in life. yet it \\ould be i11\idious to 01nit aL mention of Chanceli(J!" \\-illiam E. !1ogg-s. \':hose acln1inistration f!lls ~o impndant a parL of colleg-e history. Dr. !1ogg-s' election \Yas ::l compromise between the ptog-resc;i,-e and conscrvati,c clements in the !~oard nf Trustcc'3. (Jne had insisted upon an ag-g-res.c;in.~ Chancellor, the othCl clen1anded tl1at tl1c traditional n1iniste: fill the office. Dr. Hl)g-gs \Yas both. \\-ithout cotnparison \\ith any other period of the l.:ntvcrsity history, for institutions like this 1nust either g-row or stagnate. Dr. Bogg-s n1ust be credited \\)th raising the standard of scholarship. \\'ith securing appropriations for Science T---Iall and De111nack T- fall. \\ith inaugurating the system of clleap board for the students. l~pon thl.s the reputat1on of Chancellor !1og-g-s can safcl: lCSt.
Tn the death of Chancellor Hill the Uni,rersih Sl~Stained a gTcat loss. \\raltcl- B. TTill was th~ first a1un11H1S and the first layman saving President l\[cigs. to guide the destinies o{ the lJniYC::rsit:- ff e ''"as a skilled diplomat and a poEt:cian in the best sense of the tcnn. Ile som1

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sncccc<lcd in allrtying the old antagoni~n1 to tlH' 1 'ni\Tr~ity \Yhich had hindered its gTU\Yth. and f-J~ined for it strong friends. rtble and desirous to build it up. lie schemed for it and at his untimely dl'atll left for fntnrc dc,-c]npmcnt g-reat p1ans and gTcat pr01niscs fm- its extension.
CIL\l'TER IX.
\s the t.ity ad,:anccd f'uri ('assu \\ith the l_-ni ycrsity the faithful chronicler cannot nn1it men t~(\11 of some ()f the Faculty \\ho made an irnprcss on the social life of the communitY.
The opening session of Chancellor ::\1e11's aclministraii<lll \Yas 1narkcd by a lo::;s as set-ions Ft.'3 any the l-ni.vec':;ity had ever sustained-the untinKly dertth of Ptofessor \Vaddell.
\\7 ilJiam J~fcni-_\" \Vacldc11 inherited all the ability <LS a teaehcT \Yhich his father and grandL-tther hacl acquired through years of experience. . \ close student ancl a finish eel scholar. Professor \\'acldell added to these gifts the powe1 to intf"lest and enthn.sc. \Yhich nc\rer failed to mak.._., it.s impress upon l1is pupils. Cordial in manner. s11ict without sevctity. honest and just. the student felt safe in his hands and it is donbtfnl if he c1.cr nracle an enemy an1ong all who can1c under his inshuction.
Professor \Yaddell \Yas tall anc1 n1n\'cr1 rapirlh and nngracefnll~-- \Vhen he wa1kcc1 l1e strode

410
swing-ing- his arn1s at length, and his en tree into church ahvays exdted a sn1ile. He was a deeply religious man, a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church. He had a habit while walking along the street of raising his hat as if in courtesy to son1e lady. Often no one being near, his friends '"ere curious to know what it n1cant. In sorne way it ,vas found out that it was an act of devotion while he offerecl a silent prayer.
He died suddenly in Septe1nber, r878, at l\!filford, \Ta., on his way hon1e fron1 Baltimore, th~ victin1 of a painful disorder. !\s one 1em.arked at the time, he touched at rnany points. In the colleg-e, in the church, in the con1n11tnity, and in society, h-is loss was felt to be irreparable.
Professor Charles ~Iorris \vas a gentleman of the old school, a -Virginian of Virginians, coutteous and l1rave. Prlor to the war. he was ~'1. professor at \Vi1lia1n and :~viary ancl cturing the war served until the surrender as bdgade-quat-tcrnlaster.
:\Iajor 1\1orris was a rnan of broad culture. filling at ctiffel-ent times both the chairs of Greek a.nd be1les-1ettres with ability, and as a writer, in purity of diction and elegance of expression. h~ hut few cq11als. I-fe had traveled abroad and n1ingled Yvith n1en and n1bbed against the world, and was free frorn the dogmatisrn which is so apt to clothe the lifelong teacher. JVIajor 1\1orris professed to be a typical "old fogy," and clunf:{
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411
tc the tnanners and traditions of the ante-bcllu1'n clays with a tenacity \\hich never relaxed. He -,,:as a declared foe to "science" so-called, and all it~ pretensions. lie planted by the tnoon, and insisted that wheat \vould turn to "cheat" and tobacco degenerate into nmllcin. Plain and unaffected in nwnner, but always a gentlernan, sincere and tender-hearted, he "\Vas greatly beloved b) all the students and cstecn"led by all who knew hin1.
Professor :\!orris was for tnany yearf' a suff(_rer fron1 neuralgia and was very sensitive to cold. [n .\pri1. r893. after sitting throughout <:1 contest for speaker's places, he went to hi.::: l1on1c feeling tired and stck. Tn a \\eek. pneumonia ensued, and after a brief illness. he passed a\Yay in the 1norninp; of -:\fay 3d.
Profe~sor \Yi11iam;o, H.utherford. for thirtythree ~-cars thel1onorcrl instructor in mathenJatics of t\\"O generations of students. 1 ctirecl frorn active \York in the Cniversity in 1888. The Trustees, in accepting his rcsignation, continued his salary for one year. reqnesting- hin1 to aiel the Chancellor in \Yhate\Tr \\ ay tnigltt be agreeable t,~ hitn and tnacle him Emeritus Professor of maillematics.
J_)rofessor Rutherford was an ahtnlntts and the S(u of an alun111ns of the first gTaduating class of tl1c 1-niversity. 1-pright. faithful. honest and jest. he inspired confidence and respect in ever_,

412
.st nc1cnt ,,ho came uncler his instruction. 'Chough tLc,- vcn.' often sorch tried his patience, all loved ''()id I<\~ot." and ali confessed that his sin1pl:~ L:ith and irrepr-oachable li fc, \\as a sen non that ;.;poke louclc1- to thcn1 than words.
Professor Rutherford's inAuencc \Y<lS not confined to college ciJclcs. Tt extended to all wh~J k1le\Y him. l Ic lt)ok great interest in fanning. he had an old famiJ_, horse ncuncd Captain, and he also ran an unprofitable t \YO ho1sc fann. !! \\as said that he bought 1\Y(l nudes tn make the feccl for Captain <UHl then l>()ught the [ann U, suppo1t tl1c mules. .\1 ti1c fi.rst nf the \Y<lL \\ iihoni llis knowledge, he \Yas appointe<l -:\fajo; ~1nd (2uartcnllastcr, 1m( it see1necl itnpcrativc lhat he slloulcl remain in the Colleg-e Facult~ and he declined the apty)int1ncnt. > \ ftcr,vards he enlisted as a pl-ivate in the Lipscomb \'oluntccrs.
:\'h. Rutherford was a hairy 111an at best, and vllcn he pernuttcd his hair and bc;:u-cl to grov,1 in the anny Oliver Pr-ince called him the ''\Vild :\Jan from norneo,'' and said the only way to c<ttch him was to bait the hook with a copy l)f Jesse :\Jercer"s "Cluster." I-1c was a man of gTcat physical streng-th and had a grip of steel. I Jc was kind hearted, sitnple in his tastes, of eminent piety and one of the salt of the emth.
1t is not cvel-y colleg-e that can clai1n so cultt,lccl a scholar as Pl-ofcssor C. P. \Villcox, and l1c \\as not only a scholar but an acccnnplisherl

413
nJu~ician. DL \Yilkox had enjo_\ ed exceptional aclvantagcs. J{c lived fur seven years in Berlin. 15oth F1cnch and Ccnnan \Yen:- as familiar to h;m as his native tongue. T:fe playecl exquisitely on Lhe l1utc ancl had occasionally pla:ed with t1lC Royal ( )rchcstra in Bcdin. Shod in statue, but >vilh a 1nassive head, his \\as a well known f-ignre on the Campus for thitty years. l-Ie had lngh ideals and bis whole life was spent upon a plane cmnmensnrate "-ith them.
Pn)fcssor \Villcox's lcclnres \Ycrc C(lUched ju the choicest language ancl had the added chann c beiug clcliverccl in a most nnts-ical voice, and these \\'ith his charming flute nrade a great addition to the social life oL\thens. One evenin.:{ he returned hom \Yalking a little tired and laid dcnYn to rest. He was seized -.,vith anr::ina pee toris and when the f::unily carne in they found hin1 dead.
~.\_ sad occurrence in 1 88T lhre-.,y a gloCn11 ove! the college. \Valter Rountree, while ont walking one afternoon with his brothe1 and two other companions. became engaged in a difficulty with two negroes. vvho. it ,o;eems, had horne hin1 son1c ill-will. They n1ct in front of the courthon~e. and after ~ome words, pistols \Yen: dtawn ancl ill the mc{cc -.,vhich ensued. \Valter Rountree vvas .c:;hot. fl e -...vas taken lo his hoarding- house -.,:..here he died that night. Creat excitement ensued atnong the students and the negroes in thr:

414
city and a riot was \-vith difficulty averted. .::\. post-morten1 was held, but the ball was not found. The pistols used were found to be of different calibres and the identity of the fatal shot was a necessary evidence in the prosecution of the negroes. Under an order of court, t\:vo surgeons \vent over to the young man's home, exln1n1.ed the body and continued the search for the ball until it was found. It proved to hav~ been shot fro111 the brother's pistol. The negroes \~ere tried for assault 'Yvith intent to tnnrder, tc und guilty and were sentenced by ] uclge Erwin to ten years in the penitentiary.
.CIL\l'TER LVI.
Three citizens of Athens have been precn1inent in the affections of the people, if the respect sbo,vn then1 at their fnnerals be taken as a criterion. 'l'hese v,rcJ-e Rev. Dr. C. \V. Lane, Dr. John Gerdine and Rev. Ellison D. Stone.
Dr. Lane n1inisterecl t.o the Presbyter-ian Chnrch a quarter of a century, and not. only to his o\nl people bnt t.o ali ln distress or .sorro,, of any clcnmninatlon. Ile was essentially a holy 111an . .self-denying and consecrated. J-Ic was a g-reat \valkcr and thought. nothing of stepping over to Cethavcn ChuJ-ch seven n1iles away. lie \~as such an inveterate tJ-aveller on foot. that 1~ ;s people once gave hin1 a horse. \Vhile on

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one of his trips in the country he saw a poor won1an trying to cultivate her c1op with a yearling ox. The doctor left his horse with her to plow and walked hon1e. Dr. Lane was an accornplished botanist and his talks on plants and flowers were extren1ely interesting. When he d1ed, after rnany nwnths of failing health, aLl classes, white and black, Gentile amd Jew, united tc: show their reverence for this n1an of God.
Dr. Gerdine carne back to his native place in 1875, and for nearly thirty years was a beloved physician of the city. A quiet, Unasstuning 1nan of finn convictions and genial n1anner, his quick re-sponse to the call of pain, his gentleness in the sick roon1., his syrnpathy with the farnily, his unrenlitting attention to the sick, bound the hearts of the people to hitn with cords of steel. Dr. Gerdine never spoke unkindly of any one nor ,-~,~as a harsh word ever heard to pas~ his lips. I-Iis death was due to exposure in visiting a patient when he him_self ought to have been in bed. There were no lines drawn in the the sorrow ::tt h1s death. It was universal.
The tribute paid to Ellison Stone in his death was an evidence of his worth in life. }.1r. Stone had neither wealth nor social position, nor political influence to n~ake friends for himself. A printer all his life, working at his trade for his (_1aily bread, a sin1ple-hearted, plain rnan, he in~ lressed everybody by the purity of his life and

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character so that the hearts of the whole comJnunity turned to him. J lc \Yas the iclol of the poorer classes, and sotnc of them_ \Youlcln 't thlnk they ,,ere safcly 111arricd if ).Ir Stone did not marry them. I [e \\as crcclitecl \\ith n1arrying 11101c couples than any other 1nan in Georgia . .\this death the church conlcl not hold the people \\ho <.TO\\'dcd to show thci 1 cstcc1n for this goo~l man. and literally hundreds stood about the outside.
Except at long intervals politics in . \ thcns has POt been at a high tcn1pcrattwc. \Vhcn the question of secession ca1ne to the f1ont in 18()o both the then opposing parties dropped out of sight and all united on the absorbing issue of the \\ar.
\Vc may say then that the first bitterly fought election \Ya::; when General Gordon \\as a candic~ate for Co\Trnor against Rufus B. Bnllock in r8(;(). It \\as the \Yhitc people of Ceorgia on (1ne si{le asserti11g tl1en1scl ves against Y a11kc.~ sca.Ia,yags., renegade whltes. a very fe\Y respectable old L'nion men and the freed gegTocs on th~ nthcr. Federal soldiers held the polls. Old Confcdeiate soldiers. clisfl-anchised. \\"CIT not per1;1iUul to vote. Their niggers who ::\Ir. Lincoln's ij'SC dixit had said \Yere ftce. tnarched up in suuads ancl voted \\ith not the remotest idea \\hat it meant.
It is easy to concei,-e the indignation \\"hich possessed the \\"hite n1an at the polls. . \ rint v:a:.; imJnincnt-Fcdcral bayone-ts clid nut keep it

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cl1 ,\Yn. Tt \Yas the appeals of conservative,

thrH1ghtful men ,,-ho adyised then1 to abide thci1

time \\hich prevented bloodshed. There \Yas

son1c fighting, a few insolent ncgtoes knocked

down. and the scahl\Yags cursed and dared t)

resent the -insult which they <lid nul feel. but the

election passed off \Yilhont any fatalities. J;nJ-

Jclck \Yas counted ln and a Radical go\cn1mcnl

~<tddlcd upon the State.

The negro \"Otcr had become a factor to ];.:~

nckoncd with in elections. Tn pany contests lL'

\Ycnt solidly Republican, but in town ancl count\

c!cctions the leaders beg-an Lo sec that there ,,a-.;

l"'i'<mcy in ,-oling and candidate-:. fnr ()ii"i.cc \\Tre

col slo\Y to learn that the neg-ro held the balance

ot po-wer. The 111ass nf neg-roc.-., got nothing. ~)!

course. but those \Yho had "!1t:cncc sold it Lu Lh.~

l1ig:hesl bidders. Sonw of then1 netted fr01n ~300

t, S_::,oo at an clu~Lion.

The 1H''\:t 11arn1 canlJJ<tign 11e espcrienced

\\as .\llen D. Candler against Emon Spccx

for CongTc:o:s. Fmor:> Speer hacl made a

h:-illianl campaign

,-;tJ-ict Dcmncrati..::

lines against Joel .-\bboU !~illups and had de-

feated him. He \Yas serving- a term in Cdngrcs3

and \\a~ a candidate f01- reelection. !;ut he had

1-,<ck:e<l out of the trac-es and rcfnsul to submit t;)

a llolllination by convention. fn other \Ynnls ht'

p ..npt1scd Lo run a..;; an ! ndcpendent. Th;:ti_

h'(tt~~-lli the \\T<llh of the (Jrgani;-.cd Dcmncrac,

418
down upon his head, opened a wide opportunit\" ior the negro politician and participated the hottC'st fight we had had for Jnany years.
). [r. Speer had tnany ,,arm friends here at honw and a strong support in the 111onntains. There, by his attractive 111anner and eloquent speeches he had fairly hypnotized the nlonntaineer and shoals of baby boys were nan1ecl for hirn. The negroes of course voted for the Tndepenent candidate, but when the returns were received tl1e night of the election his defeat \.vas conclusively shown.
::VIr. Speer left for Washington the next rnorn-i11g. \iVhen he returned to Georgia again it was as U. S. District .L\ttorney. and in less than a
year he was appointed Federal Jndge.
Since that tirne no candidate has butted against the organized Democracy in this count:y and politics have bccon~e as tan1e as a Sundav School tea.

CHAPTER LVIT .

.\ great jnbilation \Yas held in .Athens ove.r

Cleveland's election in 1884.

P1eparations

\Yere made for a great den~onstration. Canno-:1

were sent up from i\ ugnsta, \vagon loads of fat

Iight\\cood were brought in. the whole stock of

e<:'ndles in the store \Yere bought np. Con~mit

tf'es and l\1arsha1s and aides were detailed, and

on the appointed night the procession fon11ecl on

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Broad Street. There \vas a great crowd fron1 the country, and rnen and boys and college students fell into line, each with a lighted torch. Transparencies with gan1e cocks in every posture of victory, with n1ottoes and caricatures, were scattered along the line. Two bands of music uttered ear-splitting sounds. Cannon double charged boomed continually, breaking window glass regardless of cost-to the owner. T\{arshals on horseback dashed bere and there Eke peas on a hot shovel.
'The line of march was by the principal streets tc~ the I .,ucy Cobb Institute. All the houses along the route vvere illmninated. In the Lucy Cobb every wondow was lighted and the belfry of the chapel was brilliantly illurninatecl. Conlir:.g back to the courthouse, where a speaker"s stand had been erected, Seab Reese, Pat VVTalsh,
I-L I-I. Carlton and \V. n. nurnett Inade addresses
and it was late in the night when the paraders reached home full of enthusiasn1 and vther things, and covered with glory and pitch.
In speaking of the political contests through which we have passed in Athens I might have included the elections on prohibition and the nofence law. But these can hardly be classed as political.
The prohibition qnestion brought a detern1ined fight in r885. Before that barroon~s held sway all over our city. The disorder of the streels

420
,,-as disgracefuL Then no lady drean1ed of '''alking- on Broad street on Saturday afternoons. ~\round the l\T ational Uank corner it ,,as Decllz:m broke loose. ~Ten hilariously drunk, n1aud1in drunk. stupid drunk and dead drunk, filled the air with yells and oaths and the "salt house" v;as full of offenders against the peace. ()n election clays and circus days the police force ..vas doubled ancl trebled, and yet disorder reigned suprerne.
I3ut that does not tell of the debauchery of young boys, the ruin of older men, the h01nicides ancl the \\'reeked homes which were the natural [:nit of the barrooms.
_\ sentiment arose, was fostered and grc\Y that the barromns 1nust go. A_ heated c8n1.paign ertsucd. The liquor n1en, as usuaL spent n1one: heel y, and bought the ward heelers and negro kader.s. Honest tnen "\vho did not drink \\"eie llade tn believe that the sale of lirjuor was an in~pirauon to busjness. _\ pitiful sight at the polls ''";::~s a poor creature once a prosperous tnan, Lut \\"i"c:kcd in health and p:ope;ty by ch-ink, brungllt in a buggy to Yote for barrocnns by the Ycry bar-keeper \\ ith \\'h(\n he had exchange<!. his propert:- for "\vhiskc:;.
\\.hen the vote v;as counted prohibition carried the day in Clarke County by a rnajority uf 57 I.
The bar-roon1s were closed. l:nder the law

421
only a druggist could sell liquors and then only un a physician's prescription. Lnheard of ailments attacked our citizens, and son1e physic:,ans rose to a large practice. One physician opened a clrng store \vith about $50 \\'"Orth of clrugs and S.500 \VOrth of liquors. J-Ie adopted the pyrohydropathic treatm.ent with his patients, cl:arging nwderate fees for diagnoses and put ting up the 1xescription in a flat bottle.
Blind tigers soon crept in and 1nade their l2.irs in the n1ost unsuspected places. In the course of a few years they could be easily traced by anyone wanting a drink, but not by any officers of the law. They becarne notorious and convictions were rarely possible. In the rneantin1e a self-respecting citizen \Vho \\-anted a bottle of brandy or whiskey to keep for fan1ily use-'jugwun1ps.'" Lany Gantt happily dubbed them_\\ould not palronize the blind tigers, couldn't ask fm- a physican's prescription and couldn't buy i11 Clarke County without one. !--Tis only recuurse \\-as to purchase elsewhere and have 1t s1_ nt by express.
'l he~e conditions becan1e exasperating and after seven :-ears' trial of prohibition a strong part~: <Jxose detennined to vote bar-rooms back again.
The party ca1led themselves the '"Law and Ordei Society,'' and son1e of our best citizens \ 1-cre eni-ol1ecl in its 1nernbership. I-Ion. Pope Barrow \vas its chainnan and he set forth that

422
the n1ove1nent was a protest against the ine:ffecttveness of the existing law to prohibit and the multiplication of blind tigers with but little abatelnent of drunkenness in the city. The outcon1c of this agitation was the dispensary, fathered by Andrew J. Cobb, a leader on the prohibition side.
The dispensary was a compromise, without which bar-room.s would undoubtedly have been voted back. As it was, the dispensary plan was adopted by only r I majority in the county. As an intelligent punster said, a little 'Ieven leaven eth the whole lurnp, and after it was in operation the dispensary gave universal satisfaction.
CHAPTER LVIII.
i\ notable occasion was the visit of the daughters of Jefferson Davis, l\1rs. I--Iayes and 1\1iss \rVinnie Davis, in November, 1887, during the Fair. Mr. Davis had intended to come with them, but his health prevented. Every attention was shown these ladies, a luncheon was given them by Mrs. John W. Nevitt, a brilliant recep-
tion by Mr. J. H. Rucker and his m_other and a
big gen11an by the Athenaeum Club. Miss Winnie was introduced to not less than five hundred strangers during that visit and she did not fail to call every one by name whom she afterwards met. She was a charming woman and all were

423
proud to claim the Daughter of the Confederacy as our guest.
For years after the reopening of college the greatest favorites among the boys, next to the girls, were Spot and Buckskin, and many are the dollars that have been paid and more that were charged, for the hire of these two horses and a buggy. Spot was a small chestnut sorrel with a white spot over the hip, belonging to Cann & Reaves. He was fast enough for driving and he seemed to know when his lessee had the rlght girl with him, for he never needed the whip. Bnckskin's day was subsequent to Spot's, but he was quite as great a favorite. Nobody knows how mucli these two roadsters had tu do -with college courtships for twenty years.
The year r835 was the cold year, when the n1ercury went to ro degrees below zero. r83q vvas the dry year, when the wells and strean1s 1 Gried up and stock had to be driven 1niles to \Vater, and water for domestic purposes harl to be hauled a long distance. 1887 was the wet year. In August of that year, in one rain, 10.03 inches of water fell. Crops were overflowed and destroyed. Bottmn corn stood for days in wate:until it turned yellow. 1-Iundreds of bridges were swept down stream. Railroad culverts burst open and embankments were washed away. Buildings were flooded and the occupants ~lriven to the upper floors. Travelers frmn At-

424

Lmta southbound had to con1e over the Seaboanl

t() .-\thens to get to Augusta or 1\1;tcon. Thee

was not a roof that did not leak and not a cellar

but was full of \Yater. And yet in less than

thirty days people \Vere con1plaining of dust

T\\o citizens of .l\thens who ca1ne into promi-

nence after the war \Vere Henry H. Carlton and

T-ope Barrow. Both went away as lieutenants

in Troup Artillery, and both becatne captains,

the one of his O\Vn cmnpany, the other ori the

:::.1aff of General I-Iu\\Tll Cobb. Captain Carlton

was the first white representative to redeern

Clarke County from the reconstruction acts. l-Ie

served in the House and Senate, was a JVfetnber

ci Congress, and a Major in the war with Spain.

lie ,,-as wan11-heartecl and hot tcn1pered. I-Ie

1nade both friends and enemies, but he held his

f1iends while he lost his enemies. Captain Carl-

ton got every office he ever asked of his people

at the polls excepting that of IVfayor. I-fe was

a gallant and intrepid soldier and liked to be

i1: the thickest of every fight, whether politicd

or 0thendse.

Pope Barrow was a loveable n1an, genial, kind

and attractive. He was universally popular because he was universally friendly. It gave him pleasure to clo anyone a service and his time ancl t&lents \Yere entirely at the service of h:is friends.

l

Captain Barrow was a prominent lawyer at the

Athens bar, a rnember of the Constitutional Con-



j

425
vcntion. Gnited States Senator and at his death
,,as J ndge of the Superior Court in Sa~annah,
to which place he had removed. lie \vas stricken \dth apoplexy while on the bench and died in d short \vhile afterwards.
I'\_ rnaster of English \Vas Dr. Eustace YV. Speer. Dr. Speer first came to Athens as pastor of the ?\I ethodist church in r850 and agam i:~ 1859 and again in r87r. During these years lh' n1ade n1any friends in Athens, whose adrnir:1tion fot- hitn continued through life. In 1874 he was elected Pt-ofessor of Belles Lcttres in the L~niversity. from which time he made Athens hts permanent h01nc. Dr. Speer was a tnost popu1<-:.r preacher. I-lis sen11ons \vete sin1ple and helpful. never lont:;. expressed in choicest language, chaste in thought and diction. I [e spake ore TOt;:ndo, his fme face full of expression. lighting \Yith interest in his subject. T-Ie \vent in and out atnong us through his closing years. giving everyone a cordial greeting on the streets, finding pleasur-e ai hmnc in quaint old authors and the n1aste1s o English thought.
Soon after John H. Newton established him_self in Athens, his nephew, Frederick W. Lucas, came to clerk for him. In iiffie they were partners in business on Granite row, under the name of Newton & Lucas.
Mr. Lucas before the war was the largest dry goods merchant in the town. l-Ie had the best

426

people for his custo1ners, collected his bills once

a year-when he collected them at all-was a

generous, fair and honorable man. After the

war the 1nethods in which he had been trained

v.rere not suited to the times. Long credits and

no security broke him. He paid all his debts

and started clerking again, owing no man any-

thing. It -..vas then that the sweetness of his

character became known of all men. In his last

years he was Justice of the Peace. Though p:1:;t

four-score years, his n1ind was clear, his mem-

ory good, his step alert, his manner courteous

to all alike. In the midst of ali his trials no on~

ever heard him co1nplain. His cheerfulness was

a lesson to all. One n1orning while walking to

his office he fell at the door of the very store so

lcng kno7~<'"n by his name. He was taken hom~,

fully realizing that the end had come, and died in a few hours. So passed away a Christian

\

gentlen1an. A firn1 who dealt in silverware, watches and

!

jewelry was 0. & A. K. Childs. Sometime be-

fore the war Mr. Otis Childs returned to Con-

necticut, leaving the business to his brother. Both

were Presbyterians and A. K. Childs, who had a

fine bass voice, was the n1ainstay of the choir.

He afterwards joined the Episcopal church and

a~. long as he lived was one of its n1ost devoted

members. Mr. Childs was a successful man of

business. As one of the firm of Childs & Nicker-

427
son, President of the North Eastern Railroad: President of the National Bank of Athens, owner with Mr. Moss, of Tallulah Falls, and with interests in various other properties, he was one of Athens' most substantial citizens. But in addition to this, Mr. Childs was a good tnan, upright, charitable and kind. I do not suppose tl .at anyone ever spake an unkind word abour hitn and he was by no means a colorless character.
CHAPTER LIX.
It has been said by some one that environn-"~ent tnakes the 1nan. It is doubtless too sweeping an assertion, but certainly Southern environn>ent seetns to exert a n1ore potent influence on l"orthern 1nen than Northern environment on Southern n1en.
\Tery few Southern tnen are r..;called who during the war espoused the Federal side, and they were office holders. But tnany Northern n:en, who were dmniciled in the South, becan1e ardent supporters of the Confederacy. Among tl,ese \vere Dr. Hoyt, Dr. Church, Mr. Childs, ::\1r. Rlomnfield and Captain ?\Tickerson. General M. L. Stnith, a native of ~ew York, resigned his con1n1ission in the old anny, and with it the pron1ise of high promotion, to join his fortunes with those of the South. Isaac W.

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1.

I Iallarn, a Yorthern rnan, volunteered with the

.\thens Guards and for four years was as good

a soldier as any who follo\ved Lee. George
1-I omer and I-1. ~I. DeLacy and J. J. Karnes

\Ycre others \\ho endured and fought for the

South. These were c:njon rnen. like thon-

.sands of Southerners. who deplored the neces-

sity of secession. but who \Vent into the n1ove-

n.cnt heart and soul.

The difference in the individual Rebel anrl

)-~ ankec was, after all. far less n1rtrked than one

\Yonld suppose if we elin1inate political bias

aud peculiarities of tones and n1anners. Both

\'ere An1ericans and \Vhen fighting for a con-

v;ction made the best soldiers in the world.

For 1nany years the sole dependence of Athens

for water in case of fires \Vas wells and a fev-,T

cisterns. \iVhen the cry of fire was heard every

n1an and boy ran first for a bucket and then for

the fire. A line \Vas fanned from the ne..1rest

\Vell to the fire and buckets of water were passed

frmn hand to hand.

~'\bout r88o a company built water works,

which proved totally inadequate to the demands

upon it. The pressure was not sufficient to

throw water to the second story of a house on

l\!filledge avenuE:, and several houses were burnerl

because there was no water to be had. After

years of cmnplaint frotn all qnarters the city de-

termined to build its own water works. A com-

429
tr.i::;;sion was created, cornposed of J. H. Rt1cker,
A. L. I--Iull and C. M. Strd.ban, to have charge of its erection.
To Captain J. VV . .Barnett, the engineer, be-
lcngs the chief credit of this plant, which, cotnpkted in J 893, has proved entirely satisfactorv tu the present day. The rrtachine!y and the construction of the Athens water works was the ver)-' best, the supply is an1ple and the water pc1re. /-\nd yet we often long to quaff the sparkling v:ater frmn the deep old well, to hear the squeak of the wheel as the old oaken bucket uncoils the rope on the windlass and to see the cold water spatter over the floor as the bucket i~ filled for the house. All this is gone. '!'he '"-'ell suspected of entertaining genns has been filled in. A crock or something of flat hydrant water, sickening 'varrn without ice, iS all we have in its place.
13ut there are no pathogenic germs in our r.ydrant watt;r. It is taken from the river above any area of drainage from the city, exposed to the full light of the sun in a large shallow settling basin, then passed through sand filters into a clear water basin, ft-on1 which lt is forced through the mains to the consumer. i\ny selfrespecting bacillus would back out rather than go through all this.
\Vhen the slogan, "Reme1nber the Maine," aroused the country to take vengeance on the

I. . ?,
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430
proud Castillian and war was declared against Spain, Athens sent her quota of volunteers, not all of whon1 were accepted.
Captain J. H. Beusse, who commanded the
Athens Guards, tendered the services of the company to the War Department. The policy of the Government did not permit companies to retain their organizations, and the Guards as such were not accepted. Those members who persisted were assigned to the Second Regiment of Georgia Volunteers. Captain Beusse was made Captain of Cornpany G, and C. r\. \Tonderleith, First L1entenant; T-1 erschel Carithers was Orderly Sergeant. The regiment went into catnp at Tan"1pa. hnt sa'v no active service and was 1nnstered out in February, 1899.
In addition to these Bailey Thornas also volunteered, '\Vas tnade Captain of Engineers and afterwards served in the Philippines until failing health forced his resignati(~m.
As the soldiers usually spent all their pay as soon as they got it, the location of a regin1ent in can1p meant a lively trade to the 1nerchants of rhe town. Efforts were made to secure the location of a can1p near Athens. Three regiments, the Fifth New York. Fifteenth Pennsylvania and the Twelfth New Jersey, were 01dered here and Brigadier General \V. C. Oates \Yas assigned to their con1mand. General Oates was an old Con

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431
federate who had lost his arn1 at Missionary J-Udge.
The soldiering was play. The young officers were hospitably entertained by the citizens and the young ladies showed none of that aversion lc the Federal soldier which had led to the a1 rest of their 111others a third of a century before. Several of these ungrateful men came back afterwards and actually carried off some of our loveliest girls before the very eyes of their fathers; and son1e of the New Jersey soldiers came back and entered college to take a course in football.
The Fifth New York was ordered to Cuba, the two other regin1ents were ordered hon1.e in February, the camp was deserted and the retail m.erchant jingled the harvest in his pocket. That winter was the cloudiest, wettest, coldest we had Gad in many years. It was a standing joke to <>.sk "Where is your Sunny South?"
When the Yankees came to Athens in 1865 and were p1owling about smoke houses and invading private residences, Ivirs. T. R. R. Cobb wrote a note to General Palmer and asked that ~he tnight have a guard to protect her horne. ,\L young soldier was detailed who stayed at the house, permitted no prowlers to come upon the premises, and by hls unobtrusive politeness allayed, in part, the antipathy of the ladies to the Yankees.
\iVhen General Oates' brigade was encamped

432
here in 1898 Colonel W. A. Krepps was in comn~and of the Fifteenth Pennsylvania. When Colonel Krepps came to Athens he made some inquiry about Mrs. Cobb and the writer called on hin1. He proved to be the identrcal soldie:-"" who was detailed in 1865 and recalled many incjdents of that visit. It is needless to say that ancient hostilities \YCrc forgotten and the hospitality of the h01ne was extended to the colonel and quOilclam guard.
The carnp of Oates' brigade was on the high gtound beyond Phinizy's branch. An entertainn1enL \vas given the public in the nature of a
shan1 battle between the Jerseymen and the
Quakers. It had about it all the pomp and circumstance of war and sounded like a sure enough skirmish in old titnes. Lots of Uncle Sam's powder was burned, only one n1an hurt and everyt.ocly was pleased with the free show.
It was curious to note the reception of these so!dicrs by our people. :i\1any of the older citizens had not seen a Federal soldier in uniform since the war and they could not dissociate the"'" defender of our count1y fron1 the Yankee bun1n1er. They admired the parades, they were polite to the stranger, but were shy with the soldier in blue. During a grand parade when the entire brigade marched in review before Generals Oateo; and S. M. B. Young, an old veteran, who had lost an arn1 at Spottsylvania, stood ncar 1ne oa
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4-33
College ~\venue looking at the regitDents as they passed. Sai<l 1: ;..,rr. \ 1Voocls, .what do you think of thetn ?" "I think if I had a gun I would likl~ to shoot into them," he replied.
CHAPTER LX.
An1ong other social clubs, two tnusical societies deserve special mention. One was the "Sytnphony Club," of whon1 Prof. Schinnaker was director, and Prof. \Villcox and l\1rs. T. A. Burke, prorninent members. J\!Ir. Schirn1aker was one of the Lucy Cobb faculty and a violinist of hig-h rank. This club gave monthly concerts, which were always well attended. The music \vas of a high order, but not too classical to be enjoyed by the audience. Still later a Choral
Society \Yas organized by Dr. J. P. Carnpbeil,
who has done so tnuch for the n1usic of Athens. and ).Irs. E. T. Brown, as accotnplished a tnusician as she is attractive in person, was director. Several oratorios were presented by this societv \ ir; an .adrnirable n1anner. The "Messiah'' and the "I--Ioly City' were especially well done. Both of these oratories being re-ligious in their conlposition, were given in the Presbyterian church.
Social clubs of this kind tnake some -trouble for the leaders and soon fall through, but they Pot only give a great deal of pleasure, but have

434
an educational value and are intrinsically worth all thP. labor of keeping them alive.
The panic of r873 hit \thens a hard blow, and yet there were comparatively few failures among the business ~nen owing to the conservative methods which have obtained here. The most far-reaching of all was that of the Reaves \Varel,ouse Company. This firm did an immense business. They had made heavy advances to customers, had taken many pieces of real estate and had borrow;:d l&rge sums of money from banks and from individuals. When trouble in the money market became acute and they could not 1neet the den~ands upon them. l\lr. Reaves executed 1nortgages to all his property to secure the creditors and next morning the city was astounded by the news of a failure involving more than
$200,000.
In May, 1899, John A. Benedict went to Greenville, S. C., :in the interests of a small manufactory he was operating. He had been gone several days, writing back daily to his fa1n:ily, when he suddenly disappeared. He was remembered tc have been seen in the hotel lobby and to have spoken to someone as he passed out of the door, but from that hour no trace of him has ever been found. His baggage was found in his room undisturbed. The river was dragged, the countr."T around Greenville w-...searched, his loss was advertised, descriptive circulars were scattered and

435
rC\.Yards offered for any inforn1ation leading to !lis discover),-, dead or alive, but all with no result.
To no place in Georgia do the thoughts of so many turn Yvith affect~on as to r'\thens. 1\_nd there is a good reason for it. lVIore than five thousands students, tnale and female, have first and last spent from one to five years here at the tln1e of life when impressions are rnost lasting. Athens people have always taken the students Lo their hearts. There is but one thing n1ore interesting than the college boy and that is the school girl, and she doesn't adrnit even that exception.
College students are the rnost democratic of folks. Wealth and farnily have their influence, but are a delusion and a snare at college unless backed up by manly qualities and force of character. And the people of Athens have fostered that spirit in their reception of the college boy into the society of the place. Let hin1 be a gentlenJan and his introduction is easy into the best hotnes of the town, and tnany a shy country boy l,as had his angularities smoothed and his manners tnade easy by association with the best of people. I-Iis tastes are refined, his clothes fit better, he wears his cap "\'\'ith a jauntier air and even e~says to lead the german. Critics n1ay condetnn as they choose, but these things go to tnake up

i
436
the sun1 of life and prove to be a help in nJingling- with other 111en.
It is not always the studious boy who derive.~ the rnost good frmn college life. :-\umbers of 1nen can be recalled vho left colleg-e-son1c were ..:;cnt home-because they would not study or broke the cormnandtncnts of the faculty. ~"\n(l tl-.csc very rnen give large credit to the associations fonned ai college for their sucess in life.
J f in these in1perfcct "annals of a quiet neighborhood" I have appear-eel to clo son1eonc inj u.sticc in failing to do hitn credit, let n1e here di:':clain1 any intention to do so. It is not the fe\v \Yho n1akc a state, hut the 1nany in<lividuals worki~lg han11onionsl y together. So, though there are dorninant characters vd1o lead. the city after ail. i:: tnacle up of the 111a11y who follow. There were tuany in the past who pursued the even tenor of their "\Yay, living uprig-ht lives, helping their fellow tnen. serving their country. esteen1ecl in lif,, c.1ncl missed when cleacl, and there are those now i11 life who unobtrusive in their lives. will bt~ 11 :ourncd in death.
I 11 this connection there come to 111y ren1cn1bt ance John 1-I. Christy, long editor of The Southern \Vatchn1an, who "\Vas 1efnscd a faidv "\VOn scat in Cong-ress; ancl T--Ienry l1ensse, once ~. sailm-. a rnan with a checkered cateer. first c;.ptain of the "Pioneers,'' ::\'Ia.\cor, County Treasu-cr,a genial Teuton and nnivetsally popular;

I

437
Colonel Uenja1nin C. Yancey. courteous and courageous; and David C. Uarro\Y, the elder. an CJnte-bellum planter and a post-bellnn1 fanner; and Stevens 'rhon1as; and Dr. 1-I amilton and Colonel .Hardetnan; and Clovis G. Talinadgc, pub-
lic spirited citizen; and Dr. Jusiah C. ( )rr. qnon-
dC!nl posttnastec ancl genia1 111an. And a1nong the living, it is nut in vldious to narne
Captain Reuben .:\ickerson, conservative and \Yise, one of the builders' of ~\thens, who v-.rith his excellent \vife, have to their cJ-eclit the benevolent deeds of three-score years ; ancl H.. L. ::\1oss, now perhaps the oldest citizen: and Dr. E. S. Lyndon, still young, although a veteran, jovial when not dyspeptic, generous and clever: and l-Iov-..-ell Cobb. nearly thirty years continuously on the Le:nch, an upright judge, a syn1pathctic friend, a prophetic statesn1an \yho is in the heart~ of all the people: and l{al Linton. Tax Collcctot of the County fur the san1e titne. who has never had any opposition worthy the na1ne; and \V. S. Holn1an. ;:1 l(cntuckian, who for forty yeacs has dealt in horse flesh and never yet taken an unfair adantage in a trade; ancl Dr. 11. C. \Vhite. a factor in l~nin.tsity and social life fot a third of a century; and David C. Barrow, who \vhen elected Chancellor. received such an (JVation frutn the students as was never acconled to any other n1an.
But 1 should be a faithless chronicler shoulcl l mnit to ackno-..vledge the debt :\thcns owes to her

438
good \von1en. But where should l begin, and vvith whon1 could I end? The Athens girl bud-; early. Probably the college boy has something t~, do with it. Dut she is none the less lovely folthat-possibly a little green, but nevertheless S\Yeet. During her salad days the boys love her as one of then1 said once, "like a cow loves violets." They waste their ti1ne on her and spend their fathers 1noney for her. And it don't graze her.
The college widov,r has not lost her attractions. She has-sirnply passed out of the class of beaux which made her a belle. Her experience has ripened her for n1ore extensive and pernlanent conquests. She rnatures into a sensible wonlan and n1akes a helpful wife, ruling her housebold, including her husband, \vith a firm but hidden hand.
Arnong n1any adn1irable won1en, there stand out prorninently J\1rs. Peninah Thornas, a state1:-' darne wl1o rnight have been a duchess, owning an elegant home and arnple wealth, yet careful of her money; and !vlrs. lVfargaret Frierson, one o.f the kind we always call on in trouble, except that she didn't wait to be called-she was there already; and Mrs. Rebecca Hamilton, handsome even to old age, a pillar of strength in the Baptist churd1 ; and Mrs. \Villiatns Rutherford, so active in every good cause, a never tiring worker for the Confederacy and its 1nernories ; and Mrs.

439
San1pson I--Iarris, long before her death the oldest r;a6vc born Athenian. But the 61ne would fail me to tell of Mrs. Hull and '\Trs. Camak, Mrs. Stovall and )drs. Lun1pkin and ~T rs. Lucas and 1\frs. ITill and the long list of excellent wo111en who have sustained the character of r'\thens.
Jn looking back over these pages, which arc admittedly gossipy in their nature, one fact is patent-that for its size, .'\thens has raised up 1nore strong and independent characters than any other town a hundred ~years old; and another, that her growth has been continuous-saving the war pcriod-froin the days when she envied the greatness of ::\.1illedgevi1Je until the present.
In one thing her cjtizens lack faith. In sixt:-five years they have not had the ten1erity to put their n~oney into a new hoteL They build stores and factorlcs and laundrjes and opera houses, but won't rjsk a hoteL It rrray be clue llowever, to the sentinlCnt which 1novecl Gen. Tootnbs \vhen asked to take stock in a new hotel iu \Vashington, to say "\Ve don't want any hotel i11 \V ashington. Tf a gentlen1an con1es to to\vn send hj1n to n1y house. Tf he is no g-entlen1an '-V~"": don't want hin1 here." But still we can say of i\ thens "\iVJth all they poor hotels '""e love thee still."
Tn brjnging these annals to a close I shall not atternpt a description of _Athens of today, nm 5hall I inflict upon the patient readsr of this book

440
.sta6stic~ of her wealth and gTO\\~th. They Ina, Le found elsC\d1cre. I am '"'::-itlng abnui people-; care not whether they be rich or poor-and cycnls. The events of today ;t.rc repeated lon1orrnw and forgotten. unless colored hy tradition they chance lo li\T. g-aining .something \Yith eacb Jclaiing. nc~t scripta fcrllllf Glll!/0.~-thing-s written survive the years .
. \tHl often the mention of son1c n;t.mc not conspicuous in the hislory of the place and of no influence \Yllatever. \Yill start a train of thought ,,hich brings up recollections of the past and ll1C111orics of persons once friends now gone frorn sight.
Lunlled in the countless chan1bers of the brain Onr thoughts are linl<ed by mnny a hidrien chain;
A. wake bnt one. find lo! what 1nyriads rise! liJ~1ch stamps its image as the other flies.
If tl1c thoughts a\vakened h\c these annals shall gn'e the reader as ntttch p1ea:-~nrc as they have ~ivcn the \YritcT. then 1Joth will be content.

..
I
Some Genealogies of Athens People
In Georgia scenes, .Judge Longstreet has depicte<l with equal hurnor and truthfulness the propensity or age to discuss genealogies. \Vho has not seen th.~ eye dirnmed by yPars brighten with keen interest in the IUOlnc:ntous question: ''\Vho n~arried who?" I n1yse1f, though no octogenarian, confess to a genuine pleasure in climbing fnruily trees.
In presenting tile genealogies of sorne of the oldPS1 families. I entertain the hope that this appropriate al)peudix to the Annals of Athens may add a 1leasant honr to sontc life well on in years. Doubtkss some erro1s will be found in the t<'lhles. but having exhausted the n1eans at rny con1ma~1d of obtain ing infonnation, 1 spn:ad the1n before the reader's eye
JAMES BANCROFT married MATILDA R. JEAN NEAETTE. Came from Charleston in 184-1.
1--.JAi\lES m. 1, Sarah Bnrkmeyer; 2, En~ily Burkmeyer: Matilda m. A. H. Steedman.
2-EDVv'ARD m. Martha A. Scott: Edward m. Lucy Eppes; Cornelia m. R. K. Bloomfield; Matilda; Emily; Cath~
erine; Joseph, d.; Martha; Ada, m. ,V.
E. Eppes; Percival 1n. Ida Grissom.

442
3-EMILY m. VVilliam E. Eppes: Matilda; Francis m. M. Bancroft; Clel land; James; Emily; Lucy, m. E. Bancroft; William E., m. Ada Bancroft; Maria; E. Bancroft.
4-MARIA m. William Rivers: Wiliam; Arthur; Christopher; Winifred; Lily; Albert.
5-ELIZABETH m. Isaac W. Hallam: Matilda; James R.; Thomas M.
6-MATTHEW V., d. ?-GEORGE D. m. Jesse Winkler.
DAVlD C. BARROW married ELIZABETH POPE. Came from Oglethorpe County 1858.,
1-M. POPE m. 1, Sallie Craig: Middleton P., m. -Alma .JonP.s; Lizzif~ Craig; .Tames: David C.; Craig married 1, Alice Barker; 2 Elfrida DeRenne
m. 2, Cornelia Jackson: Florence, ct..; Lucy; Patience; Sarah.
2-.JAMES, d. 8-'T'HOMAS A. m. 1, Jennie Turner:
Sarah, d., David C., m. Emily Hand; Clara. m. 2, Alice Hand: Thomas; Cuthbert. 4-LUCY m . .Tohn A. Cobb, !f. v. 5-CLARA E., d. 6--NFJLLIE P. m. Bourke Spalding: Randolph. 7-BENJAMIN W., d. 8-DAVID C., m. Fannie I. Childs: Susie; Benj. H.; Nellie: David F. 9-1-IENRY W., d.

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443
THOMAS W. BAXTER married MARY WILEY. Came from Hancock County 1831.
1-ANDRE\V m. Martha Williams: Thomas VV., m. 1, L. Aiken; 2, Bessie Fitzimrnons; Alice; Narcissa, d.
2--M~RY m. John J. Gresham: Thomas B., rn. J, '.L.ula Billups, 2, Miss .Johnson; Edmund, d.; Leroy, d.; Minnie 1n. Arthur 1\'Iachen; Edward T., d.
3-THO:MAS \V. m. Ellen Scott. 4-SAL'L..IE C. rn. \:V. Edgeworth Bird:
Saida rn. Victor Smith; Egeworth m. Imogene Reid; Mary Pamela, d. 5-JOH~ S. m. Carrie Tracey: Tracy m. Miss Tinsley. G-LEROY rn. Mary Burton. 7--ED\VIN G. m. Julia Hardwick: Edwin, d.; Leila, d. 8-RICHARD B. m. Kate Rucker: John 8., rn. Mary Lawton; Edgeworth B. n1. Ellen Alexander; Bessie m. Lane ?11ulla1y; Georgia m. J. R. Boylston; Richard B. m. Sarah Cobb; Thomas W.
JOHN BILLUPS married JANE ABBOTT. Carne from Clarke County, 1836.
1-JOEL ABBOTT m. 1, Susan Harris: Lula m. Thomas B. Gresham.
m. 2, Mrs. Victoria Smith. 2-HENRY C. m. Emma Conley:
Julia nL Dr. Edward Branhan~. 3-.JANE m. Richard D. B. Taylor:
Susie m. FreCl B. Lucas.

444

4-A~KA m. \Yescom Hudgin: Annie 111 John X. Janie; Thomas !3.
C-'THOMAS C., d. C-C. \VIILIAM. d. 7~.JOHN, d.

Carlton;

\.Ycscom,

THOMAS BISHOP manied MARY CARL TON. Ca1ne frotn Vennont in 1839.

ED\VARD m . ..\'Iaxy l\'L l3ingbam: rt1ary C. m 1, Clovis G. Talmadge, 3, Isllam H. Pittard; Edwanl T, d.; Helen L. m. IL K. :\'Iilnel; Lucy M.; Merton, d.; Arthur F. m. Cora Powell; Berton NI. m. 1, Beatrice Taylor, 2, Cora Hen-
derson; Charles B. m. Kate Allen. JAMES CAMAK married HELEN FINLEY.
Came from Milledgeville, 1817. 1-JAMES n1. Niary Wellborn:
.Tames VV., Louis. 2-THOMAS U. m. Miss Ragland:
Annie, d. 3-MARGARE'T ANNID.

JAMES R. CARLTON m. ELIZABETH A. ESPEY. Came from New Jersey, 1824.

1-JULJA E. m. Charles B. Lyle: Sarah m. Whit Johnson; Charles. d.; Julia, d.; Clara, d.; \..Villiam, d.
2--.JOSEPH B. m. En1-ma Moore: Julia E.; \.Villiam A. m. 1, Annie Price, 2, Susie Lucas; Joseph H.; 'Leila Charles L. Bartlett; James M., d.

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445
:1-\YlLLIAM B., d. 4-.TAMES A. HL 1, ::\lnrtiHL .Janes, 2, Mrs. Tallulah
Taylor: .N[at7 l'~. m. i\Tacon .fohnson. 5-J.1ARY AX:"' m. VVilliam H. Felton: Anna m . .T. TL Gibbons. G-GFJORGF.: A. m. A. McConnell: Belle, Benjamin. 7-ELI:?.AHFJTH Al\1ERICA. 9-Hl<~"!'\RY H., m. H0len ~e,vton: .John ~-. m. Annie Hudgin; Henry H.; Olivia m. Geo. P. Butler; Helen m. ,John D. :\1 ell~ 1..\tarion R. 10-BEK.TA:\UK H., d. 11-VIRGINIA 'T., d. 12-GRORQIA C., d.
AUGUSTIN S. CLAYTON married JULIA CARNES. Came ftom Augusta, 1807.
l-GEORGE R., m. Ann Harris: William .feptha, d.; JnliR m. John Chandler; Almira; Francis; Cary m. B. F. 'Larabee; Norma m. M. Wells.
2-AUGUSTIN S., d. 3-WILLIAM Vi/. rn. Caroline Semmes:
Julia m. E. F. Hoge; Mary m. C. W. Henderson; \Villiam H. rn. Sa,rah Morris; Sarah m. Benj. E. Crane; Caroline m. Wm..J. Irwin; Augusta, d.; Augustin Smith; Thomas S., d.; Kate; Almira m. W. C. Sayre. 4-PHILIP \V., m. Leonora Harper: Philip, d.; Thomas; William m. E. Brown; Mattie; Leonora m. D. C. TownS81Hl: Kate; Rol:ert; Avarilln; Georg~.

446
5-ALMIRA m. Joseph B. Cobb: Dora m. L. Redwood; Thomas; George; Zachry.
6-EDWARD P.m. Elizabeth Bradford: Edward, d.; Mary m. Roswell King; Isabella, d.; Loring, d.; Anna m. R. S. Burwell; Clifford, d.; Norma.
7-JULIA S. m. Francis Baldwin: Clayton, d.; Mary, d.; Francis; James; Claudia m. John Howze, Jr.; Julia,
8-CLAUDIA m. John Howze: Augustin C. m. Vallie 'Lo-ng; Julia d.; John m. Claudia Baldwin; George; Claudia n1. Mr. Jones; Lenora; Almira.
9-AUGUSTA m. William King: Julia C. m. Henry W. Grady; Augusta m. \Villiam M. Howard; William.
ALONZO CHURCH married SARAH TRIPPE. Came from Vermont, 1819.
1-ELVIRA m. William H. Lee: William H. m. Louise Waring; Alonzo C.
2-SARAH JANE m. B. Frank Whitner: Alonzo C. m. Mary Marvin; Benj. C. rn. E. Randolph.
3-ELIZABETH W. m. 1, L. S. Craig, 2, James Robb. Sallie C. m. Pope Barrow, q. 1/.
4-JULIA ~L. m. Alex.ander Croom: Hardy m. Agnes V\1are; Alonzo C. m. ::.V1ary Bond; Sallie C. m. T. B. Simpkins; .Jnlia C. m. H. Randolph; Annie E. m. Porter Burrall.
5-ALONZO VV., 111. 1, Francis Moore, 2, Mary Robbins: S;:rmuel R.; James Robb; Mary R.; Alonzo; William W.

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1

j

447
6-JOHN R., m. Mary Christy: Alonzo; Christy.
7-ANNA P., m. Benj. F. Whitner: Frank C.; Annie L.; James H.; William C.; Elizabeth H.; Hugh.
8-WIL.:LIAM L., m. Laura Randolph; Alonzo.
JOHN A. COBB married SARAH R. ROOTES. Came from Jefferson County, 1818.
1-HO\NELL m. Mary Ann Lamar, IJ. v. 2-LAURA m. Williams Rutherford, q. v. 3-~il'.uDRED m. Luther J. Glenn:
John Thomas m. Helen Garrard; Sallie m. S. L. McBride; Howell C.; Judson m. Lessie Few. 4--JOHN B. m. 1, Mrs. Mary Athena Lamar: Mildred; James J. m. Annie L. Mallory. m. 2, Alice Culler: Mary m. Mr. Pritchard; Eugenia m. Wllliam B. Lowe. 5-::\iARY m. 1, Frank Erwin: Mary E., d.; Lucy C. m. A. W. Hill; Howell C. m. Ophelia Thorpe. m. 2, Dr. John M . .Johnson: Sallie m. 1, Hugh Hagan, 2, Lucien Cocke; .James. 6-THOMAS R. R. m. Marion McH. Lumpkin, q. v. 7-MATTIE m. John C. Whitner: John A. m. Lida Farrow; Eliza; Sallie m. Warren 1Ioward; Mary Ann m. Jle.n
C. Mil:p.e,r; Mattie m. W.J;D-. J. Milner;
Charles F. m. Margaret Badger; Thomas C. m. Emma Lou Tichenor.

44H
HOWELL COBB marrierl MARY ANN LAMAR.
J_~JOH~ A. m. 1, Lucy Barrow: \Vilson, d.; Sarah; Lucy M. m. James Taylor; Howell m. Annnret Gray; .John A.
llL 3, .:\lartha Bivings: George; Elizabeth; ::.vial tie.
2--LA::\1~\R m. Olivia Xewton: Dasil L.; 1\'Iary Xewto11 m. E. D. Sledge; Oli-via 111. \\ C. D<~vis; Lamar; Edwin
3-HO\\'ELf.. m. :\'la1.v 1-TcKinlr.y: \\"illiam 1-.TcK. 1n. 1-Slizabeth Guyton; Thomas H. H. nl. -:\la nde Barker; Archh~, d.; Y.;ach 'i. ; Snrah n1. ll. B. Baxter; Carolyn; Carlisle
'1-.\IAH.Y A~S In.\lex S. Er>vin: Alex S., d.; :Mary; Howell C.; John L., d.; Stanhope; Anrlrew; \Villiam S. Catherine; Julian.
5-S~-\.TL\li m. Tinsley \V. Huclwr: Tinsley \V.; Lmnar C.; ~lar:r Ann; Kute.

THOMAS R. R. COBB m. MARION M'H. LUMPKIN.

1-LUCY, d.

2-SALLY rn. Henry .Jackson:

i.l

Thomas C. HL Sarah F. Grant; Cornelia rn. \-\Tihuer L. MOO!'(.'; Henry rr .. d.; Ma-

rion Mcii. n~. Eva Parsons; Callie m

A . .T. Ornw; Davenvort, d.; Florence K.

:J-CAL'i.IE m. Augustus L. Hull:

Marion lVIcil. rn. Florence Murrow; ::\fay

\Villinm H. Pope; Thomas C., <l._

449
.Tulia !<J, d.; Hemy; A. Longstreet; Joseph L.; Sally C.; Callie. 4-.JO::::.E:PH L., (l G-THOiYIAS R. R., d. G-.:\IAIUO.:\" T. m. Hoke Smith: ~"\lariou; Hildreth, d.; :\lary Brent; Lucy; Callie A.

WILLIAM DEARING mDrricd ELIZA PASTEUR. Came fiom Charleston, 1R27.

1~\YIL'i .. IA i\1 l<J. m. J<Jlizalleth Stovall: Louisa .T. n1. 1-I. Edmonston; Anna M. H~-+~;:; Sten.ns T., d.; \Villinnl P. IlL :\Irs. Kt>DllOll; Clio n1. .f. [I. Smnlnels; .TocPhl lll. .John \Vintcr: AlLin IlL Lula Spee1.
2-:\L\RGAH.ET m. 'Thomas H. Harden: \\Tilli<H!l D. l:J. Lilln Dearing.
=-~--.\LBI:'\ P. m. Engenh1 Jlamilton: ll<Hnilton Ill. ldith G'oodwin; Sanlh rn. Emory Speer; I\larinn Ill. R.B.Lawrence; Albin m. l\11s. DP<ll'iug; \Villiam D. Ill Helen .:\JcCay; John m . .Jennie Duke.
4-~\J .'\IUO:\: m. GoY ern or Picl<ens of Sout11 Carolina. 5--IXDL\XA n;. J(lll!1 ,T DAariw-2;:

C-AT .. I<'HI<::fJ

Jones:

\\~il1iam; Liewllyn; Lilla m. \Vm. D.

IIal'(len; j\letl"ian m John Schley; Ella

\'rm. D. Griff\'1 h; Alfred m. Mary

\Vilson; l\Taria m. \V. A. Cook; ~ina m.

).lr. Richal,.-fi; :uaisic m. Homer K.

:--Jichnlson.

I-ST. CLAIR. d.

450
'A'ILLIAM H. DORSEY m. CATHERINE S. ERWIN. Came from Habersham County, 1843.
1-ASENATH, d. 2-ALBERT S. ro. Susan Doble:
Ida ro. Alex H. Davison. 3-ANDREW B. C. m. 1, Sophronia Gilmore:
William F. m. Cassie Beusse. m. 2, Mary Cosby:
Mary C. ro. Mr. McGauhey; John C.; Julia m. Mr. Harkaway; Albert; Leone; Andrew; Louise. 4-JAMES 1?. m. Bessie Talmadge: Hugh H. m. Lizzie Coleman; Katie ro. Fred Morris. 5-.JOHN H., d. 6-WILLIAM, d. 7--EL!ZABETH m. John E. Talmadge: Charles A. m. Justine Erwin; Daisy m. Yancey Harris;- John E. ro. Olivia Bloom~ field; Clovis m. Lucy Wells; Julius m. May Erwin. 8--JOSEJPH H. m. 1, Sallie Chappell: Fanny I.; Susie A.; Albert S.; Edward H. m. 2, Mary A. Hargrove: Asenath; Ida May; Charley; Jasep.h H.; Elizabeth. 9-EDWARD H. m. Laura Wilson: Louise; Edward H.
CHARLES DOUGHERTY m. MRS. PURYEAR. Came from Clarke County, 1824.
!-CHARLES m. Elizabeth Moore: Fanny m. Nat L. Barnard.

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451
2-\VILLIA.L\11 m. Acsa Turner: Mary nl. 1, Curran Houston, 2, Thomas Macon; Henry, d.; Robert, d.; Sukie m. Andrew Routh; Charles.
3-RODERT m. Susan Watkins: \.Villiam, d.; Charles, d.; Sarah rn. H. H. Leonard; Rebecca m. VV. Humphries;
'.Lucy.
JOHN ESPEY married ELIZABETH PARK. Lived on Sandy Creek at Colt's Mills in 1795.
1-THOMAS m. Eleanor VVitherspoon: James W. 01. Ann Prince.
2-MARTI-IA m. Richard Wilson: Eliza, d.; ,John E., d.; Thomas H., d.; Mary A. m. J. Ratchford; Robert C. m. M. Stovall; Caroline, d.; James T., d.; Martha, d.; Richard J. m. 1, Virginia
Harris, 2, Mrs. Christopher; Louisa .r.,
d.; Evaline, d.; "\Villiam ,J., d. 3-JA:NE m. Moses Wilson:
Seven children. 4-ELIZABETH m. James YVitherspoon:
.John E., d.; Amanda, d.; Cicero V., d.; Emily E., rl.; ,James Augustin, d.; Caroline m. J. H. Laing; Robert L. m. Mary Boone. 5-ROBERT m. 1, Margaret King, 2, Eliza King: Louisa m. John YV6ir; twelve other children. 6-JOHN, d. 7-JOSIAH, d.
THOMAS GOLDING m. SUSAN STRONG.
1-CORDELIA rn. John S. 'Linton: Mary C.

452

2-SARAH rn. \'Vyche Hunter. :~-THOMAS m. 1, Miss Crigler:
Susan G. nL .John G"erdine. n1. 2, Hosa Crawford:
John C.; Sallie H.; Hunter; Lucy.

Charles;

MADAME GOUVAIN. Rosalie Reine Maude Claudine Yvron cle Trobriand.
Came from France, 1810.

Josephine

1, GENERAL ANGE DE LA PERRIERRE, d.
I-ADRIAN DE LA PER.I:UERRE, d. 2--ANGE Al".'"'f'OINE DE LA PERRIERRE rn. Mary
Thurmond: Rosalie .J.; Marie Antoinette; .James I3oliver; Harrison 'f'allerand; Celeste Caroline rn. Mr. Daniel; Angeline Vi~ toria; Ange; \Villiam Preston; Emma.
m. 2, MICHAEL GOUVAIN, d. 3--\VILLIAM GOUVAIN, d. 4--:\1ARIE A.1:'-dTOINE'f'TE CLAUDINE ROSI<J GOU-
VAIN m. Dr. R. R. Harden: Evalina m. Asa M. Jackson; Wrn. Preston m. Sarah Murray; Napoleon B. m. Louisa Appling; Robert Raymond m Martha Durham; Marie Louise m. ~.,Tm. H. Thurmond; Caroline m. Sidney C. Reese.

DANIEL GRANT married LUCY CRUTCHFIELD. Came from Walton County, 1826.

1-JOHN T. m. Martha Jackson:

William D.

Sarah Frances Reid.

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453
2-LOVICK P. m. Mary }/Iorrow: ~ary m. William Dixon; Peter, Daniel.
3-ELIZABETH m. Joseph Wilkins: Lucy m. H. D. D. Twiggs; Hamilton m. Lula Robertson; Grant m. Miss Abercrombie.
THOMAS N. HAMILTON m. SARAH BUDD. Came from Columbia County, 1842.
1-.JAM.I:r"JS S. m. Rebecca Crawford: Mary; Thomas A. m. Amelia Tupper; Sarah m. :BJ. A. Williams; Anna; Natalie m. Francis Fontaine; Emily m. S. G. McLendon; .Tames S. m. Miss Seabrook;
IGthel m. James s. Davant; Guy C. m. Stella Thomas.
2-ANN:BJ E. rn. J. Watkins Harris, fJ. v. 3-EUG:BJNIA 1:. m. Albin P. Dearing, If. r. 4-SARAH rn. Benj. C. Yancey:
Hamilton m. Florence Patterson; Mary 'Lou rn. 1, Bowdre Phinizy, 2, Charles H. Phinizy. 5-VIRGI:!'JIA m. M. C. M. li'ulton: Thomas N. m. M. L. Bacon; Annie Mr. Peed; l:Gugenia rn. M. B. Avery.
STEPHEN W. HARRIS m. SARAH WATKINS. Carne from i~atonton, 1840.
1- SA:\1PSON v-.~. m. Paulina Thomas: Sampson W. rn. Lucy Todd; Hugh N. rn. Caro Yancey; li'anny m. George Wallace; Belle rn. Bernard "F'rank!ln; Sallie, d.

454

2-MARY ...,.r. m. Hugh Nesbitt.

3-JAMES VVATKINS m. J, Anna Hamilton:

sarah m. J. F. Best; J. Watkins m. Eva
Lowe; Anna m. Thomas w. Milner;

Thomas H.

Ethel Hillyer.

2, Miss Candler.

4-:JAKJ-<J v. m. James lVl. Smythe:

Sarah H., d.; Mary F. m. C. P. Willcox;

Samuel, d.; Arabella H. m. W. F. Rus-

sell; VVilliam M m. Mrs. L. Randall;

Susan P. m. G. F. \Villiams.

5-AN~A M. m. Robert B. Alexander: Arabella m. Thomas Boykin; Mary m. Harris Long; \Villiam, d.; Willis; Robert.

()-ARABELLA m. Benj. F. Hardeman: SamiJSOn H. m . .Tulia Toombs; Belle m. John VV. Brumby.

7-STEPHFJX \VIL'.LIS m. Louisa M. \Vatkins: \\ratldns, d.; Willis, d.

8-CHARLES T., d.

9-SUSAN M. m. William T. Baldwin: Harris m. Abbie Park; YVilliam; Susan m. T. Johnson; Sallie.

10-THOMAS m. Emily Bowling: Frank rn. Sallie Roper; George D. m. Ella Kinnebrew.

BLANTON M. HILL m. ANN HILL. Came from Oglethorpe County, 1840.

1-A. A. FRANKLIN nl. Gazalena Williams: Frankie.

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455

2-GEORGIA m. Martin L. Strong:

Annie rn. Henry Clopton; Blanton H.

3~MARY E'LLA rn. VVilliam Cunningham.

4-AUGUSTA m. \.Villiam G. Noble:

Blanton H.; Anna m. \.V. I. Sims; Mary

Ella m. A. H. Allen; Augusta

E. L.

Mayer.

5-BLANTON M., d.

6-SUSlE rn. Robert H. :Johnston:

Susie rn. J. D. Price; Love.

MRS. REBECCA FREEMAN HILLYER. Came from Wilkes County, 1821.

1-.TOH"!'\ T. rn. ::vrary Briscoe: Shaler; Catherine m . .Julius Robins; IIam'I!tun B. nL l\iiss Story: Sarah m. ~ir. Ballmd; .Junius; Robe:-rt; Edward.
2-JUNIUS n1. Mrs. ,Jane Foster, nee \.'\'atkins, q. o. 3-SHA'LiiJR GRANBY m. 1, Elizabeth Thompson:
Snsan, ri.; Mary m. J. \V. Janes; Shaler G. n1. Leila Holloway; Francis L., rt. rn. 2, Elizabeth Dagg: John L. rn. 1, Hattie Harrel, 2, Anna Hives, 3, Kate Green; Harriett, d.; Sara .T. ill. .J. C. McDonald; Junius F. m. Elizabeth Densack; Frances R. m. W. A. Towers; 'Louisa C.; Katherine C. In. T. L. Ilobinsnn; Emily rn. "R. G. Owen; Lle\vellyn P. In. Leila .Hansel. rn. 3, ::\Trs. Dorothy Lawton.

JUNIUS HiLLYER n1. MRS. .JANE WATKINS FOSTER.
Came from \Yilkes County, 1821.

456
J-l<JBJ-1..::::--; m. GE-orgia E. Cooley: Ethel m. Hamilton Harris; Mabel m. 1, Warren P. \Vilcox, 2, William A. Hemphill.
2-GEORGE m. Ellen Cooley: Elizabeth m. F. M. Coker, .Jr.; Minnie m. H. A. Cassin; Marion Ill. Bernard Wolff; George: Ellen m. Alfred C.
~ewell.
3-SHAT,ER IlL Annie Haley: 4_--MARY m. GE-orge VVhitfield. 5-CA'T'HERTl'.lj'l} R. G-CARL'T'OK m. Lucy C. Thomas:
Henry 7-HENRY nl. Mrs. Eloanor Hurd cralcott:
VVilliam Hurd nL Mary D. Jones. 8-J-<..:::VA W.
EDWARD R. HODGSON m. ANNE BISHOP.
1--E'i_.~IZABETH m. Robert D. Mure. Robert D.
2-\VILLIAM H. m. Maria Kennard: Hallie rn. William Mears; Annie m. Arthur Cox.
3-EDWARD R., 2nd m. Mary V. Strahan: Edward R. 3rd m. Mary A. McCullough: Harry m. Marie LowE>; May; Frederick G. m. Margaret Fassett; Nannette m. Hugh H. Gordon, Jr.; Walter B.; MortonS.; Nell; Dorothy.
4-ROBER'T' B., rn. Annie A. Strahan: Roberta.
5-ASBURY (-!., m. 1, Ju1i3. Ne-al: Cliarles N. m. Irene Powell; :Robert P. m. Mary Thomas; Julie m. David H.

457

McNeill; Frank; Henry.

nL 2, Sallie Payne:

Lily White; Asbury H., .Tr.

G-THOMAS B. m. Lily .Johnson: JC'an; En1ory; Reginald;

Asbury;

Thon1as.

7-ALBON C. m. Julie von Shraeder:

Olivia m. Thomas Cover.

~-JOSEPH M. nL Belle Turner:

Mabel m. .lohn B. Gamble; Edith;

llafph; Kate; Hugh; Clifford.

G-GRORGE T. m. India Coker:

.Joseph L.; Florence; Ruth; Marion;

G"eorge.

10-CHARLES, d.

11-FUEDEUICK G. nL Ida Cartrell.

12-FRANCIS M. m. Mamie Allan:

Alban; Harold; Prince; Frederick; Roy;

Russell.

NATHAN HOYT m. MARGARET BLISS. Can1e from Vermont, 1829.
1-THOMAS A. m. 1, Mary Harrison: Mary, d.; Harriet m. Robert Ewing; ATice Louise m. 1, Robert Trueheart, 2, .Joseph Henry: Lillian T. m. William VVhite.
2, Sadie Cooper: Cooper.
~-LOUISA C. m. Warren A. Brown: Edward T. m. Mary Mitchell; Louisa m . .Tames Evans; MarY A.m. C. L. Smith.
3-WILLTAM D. m. 1, Florence Stevens: Mary E1la; Ida, d.; Florence; Margaret B.; William D.

j

+58

n1. 2, Anna Perkins:

1--HENRY F. m. 1, Mary F. Hines:

Frances n1. Dr. Speer.

m. 2, Mrs. Emily Roberts:

5--ROBERT T. m. Annie Cothran:

Elizabeth, d.; MarY m. Frank Gilreath;

Annie L., d.; Nathan; \'lade C.; Robert.

6-MARGARE'l' JANE rn. Edward S. Axson:

EllEn L. m. VVoodrow \Vilson; I. Stock-

ton K.; Edward v..r.

Florence C.

Leech; Margaret R.

, HOPE HULL m. ANN 'WINGFIELD. Carne from \Vilkes County, 1803.
1--ASBUHY m. 1, Lucy Harvie, 2, :_vraria Cook, q. u. 2-l-Il:G~HY m. 1, MarY Bacon, 2, Mary A. Nisbet, q. P. :1-FllAXCJDS m. James P. \Yaddell:
\Vi1Jiam H0nry nL 3.1rs. Mary Brumby Tew; Ann Pleasants, d.; Elizabeth; :'-toses H., (L

ASBURY HULL married 1, LUCY HARVIE.
1-\VlL'LIAl\1 J-,OPE, d. 2-HliJ~HY m. Anna Thomas:
Seabrook m. l<Jlla Eddings; Hobert T., d.; Iv1ary Blla m. Polk Hammond; Lucy G., d.; Hemy H. nl. Alice Baker; Ascbmy, d :3-GEOilG.l G. m. J..Iary Clifford Alexander: Lucy fLtrvie n1. Geo..T. Baldwin; Hattie rn. M. Cooper Pope. 4--Edwanl \V. m. Cornelia Allen: Allen; Edward L.; Robert A., d.; William 1-IopP m. Mary B. Fuller.

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I

459
5-JOH~ HARVIE m. Eliza Pope: ATexander P.; Harvie m. Florence Marris.
H-JA-:..fES M. m. Georgia Rucker: James M. m. Mary Lyon; Asbury m. Alice Sibley.
2, MRS. MARIA COOK.

HENRY HULL m. t, MARY BACON.
1-LliCY A~N m . .John S. 'Linton: Henry H; John S., d.; .Tulia, d.; Annie; Lucy.
2-ASBURY H0Pl:D, (l. :!-Jl!LTA, d. 4-\'\/ILLIA~I Hill~~nY, d.
1n. 2, MARY A NISBET. G-ALJGl!S'I'liS L. m. Callie Cobb:
Marion ~lcH. m. Florence Murrow; May ~- m. \\'Hliam H. Pope; Thomas C., d.; .Jnrfa R., fL; Henry; A. Longstreet; .Toscvh L.; Sally Cobb; Callie. G-LF:ILA )il. n-.. :Jarnes ~\fcKirmnon: .Jan1es; l\'far:v t-Jull; Mar~;:.tret; Arthur. 1-JOH.:\" HOPE rn. Rosa DcJoney: Hosa; Henry H.; VVilliam Deloney; 'Leila ~ray.
HENRY JACKSON tn. MRS. MARTHA ROOTES COBB.
Canw from En::;land, 1811.
1~I-IE~RY R. m. Cornelia Davenport: Henfy m. Sallie Cobb; Howell C. m. Li?:zie Renfroe; Davenport; Cornelia m. PopP Barrow.
2, Florence King.
L

460
Z~SARAH m. Oliver H. Prince: Basilene; Oliver H., d.; Jaqueline m. Jordan Thomas; Henry J.
3-MARTHA m. Frank E:rwin: Sarah E., d.

WILLIAM JACKSON married MILDRED COBB.

1--JAMES m. 1, Ada Mitchell: Minnie m. Jos. Scrutchin; Walte1 M., d.; Addie m. Mr. Rawson; Mary m. \Vebster Davis; Mattie rn. Wm. M. Slaton.
m. 2, Mrs. Mary Schoolcraft. 2-MARTHA rn. .John T. Grant, If. 1i. 3-MARY ATH~JNA rn. Andrew J. Lamar:
Mary A. Jn. 1, Jeff Lamar, 2, Dr. Patterson; AndreW J. m. Mary Ellsworth. m. 2, John B. Cobb, q. r. 4-HESSIE m. William Couper: Clilir1es; John C.; James; Millard, d.

ALEXANDER B. LINTON married JANE DANIEL. Carne from Greensboro, 1829.

1-JOHN S., m. 1, Cordelia Golding:

Mary C.

:~

m. 2, Lucy Ann Hull: Henry H.; John S., d; Julia, d; Annie,

Lucy.

2-MARY m. VVilliam Bacon.

3-SAMUEL D., m. Mary A. Cunningham:

Anna, d; John A.; William T.; Janie,d;

Minnie.

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I

461

4-ANN m. Thomas Sparks: Linton m. Sarah Wimberly; Thomas, d: Sallie m. Hines Smith; William D. m. A. Wimberly; Samuel P. m. Mrs. Edwards; .John V. d; Alexander H., d; Annie m. D. B. Hamilton; Charles J.
5-WILLIA:L\.1 m. Indiana Grimes: Jane D., m . .John Printup; Addie G. m . .John Herndon; Lillian m. B. Elliot; F-lorence m. Mr. Herndon.
G-.TAMES A., d.

MRS. JAMES LONG, Came from Madison County, 1843.
1-SARAI-I rn. Giles Mitchell, rJ. 1'. 2-CRA\VFORD W., m. Caroline Swain:
Francis m. I'.'larcus E. Taylor; Edward C. m. Cora Stroud; Florence m. John L. Barton; Eugenia m. A. 0. Harper; Arthur n~. C. Hunter; En1ma. 3-HENRY R. J., m. Mary L. Stroud: Mary m. Stephen Gould; Valeria m. A.
C. Howze; VVilliam .r. m . .Julia Dur-
rough. 4-ELIZABETH m. S. P. Thurmond:
Sallied d.; Elizabeth m. I. G. Swift; Carrie.

FREDERICK W. LUCAS m. MARTHA SINGLETON. Came from .Jefferson County, 1830.

1-SINGLETON N., d. 2-MARY TERRELL. 3-FREDERICK B., m. Susie Taylor:
Fritz, d.; Grace; Lizzie Hull.

Hurt;

Henry

'1
-1-62
4-SARAl-l GARLA~D m. Edward I. Smith: Garland; Edward; Rosa; May; Eliza beth.
5---ELIZABETH m. Henry C. Bussey: Frederick, d Mary m. Mr. Brannon; Nathaniel J.
6-FRANCES \..V. 7-JOHN H. m. Kate Moreno:
Moreno; Kate; Mary T.; Frederick YV. 8-GEORGE E., m. A1esia Carson. 9-SUSIE A., m. \Vi1liam A. Carlton. 10-JOSEPH 'T'.
JOSEPH H. LUMPKIN m. CALLENDER GRIEVE. Carne from Lexington, 1844.
]-::\ITAIUOX ~\leU., m. Thos. R. R. Cobb, lJ. 1_;. 2-JOSEPH 'T'ROUP m. Margaret King:
Annie, rl; Joseph II.; Juddie, d. :~--CALLIE, m. Porter King:
.JcJseph H. m. Eva Thornbury; Porter m. Carrie Remson; 'T'homas C. nl. ::vfar~. Hurt. 4-\:V "'W~ILBERFORCE rn. 'Louisa King: Edwin K. m. Mary Thomas; Joseph Henry; Callie, d. 5-LUCY, m. \Villiarn Gerdine: John m. Susan Golding; Joseph H. L. m. 1, l\Iadeline Lumpkin, 2, Rebecca Muclah; ~Tnrion, cl; \Villiam, d; Lucy; Mary; Albinus m. :!\fiss \-Vest; Lizzie m. Dr. Syl..::es. G-ED\VARD P., d. 1-.TA~fES M. S-CHARLES lH., d. 9-"MILLER G., d.

463
10-ROBERT C., d. 11-FRANK m. Katie Vililcox:
Julia rn. Mr. Brandon; Frank m. Annie Garrard.
WILSON LUMPKIN m. 1, ELIZABETH WALKER. Came from Ogletliorpe County, 1818.
1-LUCY m. Middleton Pope: Sarah E. m. David C. Barrow.
2-ANX m. Augustus Alden: Ann E.; Marcellus; Lucy P. m. 1, R. Huson, 2, G'eo. Chisholm; Marie L. m. T. C. Dempsey; Joseph L.; Allien V.; Augustus 0.; Martha; Marcella m. Dr. Bartlett.
B-PLEIADES ORION m. Margaret Wilkinson: \~,Tilliam; Wilson; Flora m. Mr. Mc':Lain; George W.; John Vil.; Daniel P.; Pleiades 0.
4-WILSON, d. 5-VliLLIAM, d. 6-ELIZABETH m. 0. B. Whatley:
Lucy m. G. W. Chisholm; Martha m. D. Whitehead; Wilson L., d.; Mary A. m. R. Gammon; Taletha, d.; Ella Annis, d.; Oliver B. rn. l:Iiss Byest. 7-SAMUEL H. d. m. 2, ANNIS HOPKINS. 8-JOHN C. ro. Mrs. Reanson. 9-MARTHA ru. Thos. M. Comyton.
WILLIAM MITCHELL married SARAH LETCHER. Came from Virginia, 1803.
1-THOMAS m. Nancy Hanby, q. v. 2-WILLIAM m. Elizabeth Chawuing, q.

f1
464
3-RACHE:L m. Hugh Neisler: Hugh N. m. Caroline Howard; Sarah C. m. W. L. Mitchell, q. v.; Martha L.; Frances E. m. R. Iverson; Ann R.; Susan H.; William B.; Mary J. m. P. W. Hutcheson.
THOMAS MITCHELL married LUCY HANBY. Came from Virginia, 1803.
1-"'\VM. LETCHER m. Martha Cheatham: Mary m. Patten G"riffeth; Cicero m. Elmira Smith; Ella m. Camp Colbert; Albert 1... m. Jessie Durham; Martha.
2--MADISON, d. 3-JONATHAN, d. 4-GILES m. Sarah A. Long:
James, d,; Ann m, E, P, Eberhart; S, Dalton m. Fanny Wallace; Emma .Tames D. Matthews. 5-ARCHELUS H. m. Jane Rochell. 5-SAMUEL. 7-THOMAS A.
9-CHAR'LOTTE. 10--ELIZABETH. 11-NANCY.
WILLIAM MITCHELL m. ELIZABETH CHAWNING. Came from Virginia, 1803.
I-WILLIAM L. m. Sarah Neisler: Hugh N. m. 1, I~. McMillan, 2, Jane Nash; William C. m. Sarah Huff; John F.; Ann 8. m. S. N. Dawson; Susan A., d.; Frances L.; Julia m. James Collins; Walter H. m. E. Pendergrass.

I
I
I

111. 2, L.ucletia B<:~.ss: Henry ll. 111. - - - -
2-\VALTER H. m. C. Alexander: Ada In. James .Jackson.

-lG5

ALSA MOORE married FRANCES CARY. Came from Clarke County, 1821.

1-ELIZA.BETH m. Charles Dougherty, q. v.

2-EMILY m. 1, Cicero Holt:

Caroline m. Benj. H. Hill; Cicero m.

Nancy Parham.

2, John I. Huggins:

Martha TIL S. M. Herrington; Alsa, d.

3-RICHARD D. m. 1, Elizabeth Stockton:

Addie m. Thomas F. Screven; Frances

nt. Dr. Dupree; ~~idelia, d.; Elizabeth;

S. Elliott.

nl. 2, En1ma l\icAllister.

4-LUCY ANN m. S ..J. Mays.

5--ALSA m. Sarah A. Park:

John A. rn. Mary E. Hull; Richard D.

C. Harrison; Charles E.; Sarah F.

Henry P. Camp; Mary L.; R,obert T.

6--FRANCES rn. James Shannon:

.Tames M.; Rich<:~.rd D.; EvaJina; Wii~

liam; Eugenia; Virginia m. John Faulk:

Charles; John C.; Cornelia

. Mr.

White; Lina.

7-CARO'LINE V. rn. John Huggins:

Fanny C. m. Dr. Harris; John; Emma;

Augusta; Edward.

8-PEY'l'ON E. m. Kate Applegate:

Kate m. 1, W. Moore, 2, J. S. Williford;

Peyton E., d.; Caroline, d.; Thornas C.

466
9-MARY H. m Daniel G. Hughes: Dudley M. m. Mary Dennard; Caroline nL Charles D. Hill; Fanny m. Irwin Dennard; Lucy.
JOSIAH MORTON married JUDITH STONE. Lived on the "Joe Mmton place," six n~iles from
Athens, in 1795.
1-.TOSF.:::PH m . .Mary Matthews: C. Parks m. Martha Crane; William Henry m. 1, MfsS 'F1~aser, 2, MiSs Pow'ell; Leila m. Geo. ~_r. Murrell.
2-WILLIAM M. m. Mary Jones, q. v. 3-JOHN m. Elizabeth Landrum. 4-~MARGARET m. Nat C. Barnett.
WILLIAM M. MORTON married 1, MARY JONES.
1-MARY ANK m. John Bonnell; \.Villiam B. m. Alice V.lright; John; Susie m. H. H. Stone.
2-LOUISA m. J. S. "\iViggins. 3-CARO'LINE m. Dr. A. Walthour. 4-WILLIAM J. m. Rosina White:
Katie m. Geo. n: Thomas; Frederick m. Bert Latimer; Margaret m. Thomas P. Stanley; Matilda m. Charles M. Snelling; John White m. Mary Lou Hinton; Audley; VVm. Joseph. 5~SUSAN rn. 1, John Phinizy: John. m. 2, C. F. Bryant. 6~MARTHA m. C. McDonald: Carrie m. /m. Krenson; Bessie rn. Kib ber Jelks; Mattie m. Mr. Wade; William.
\

467

I
1
I

7-C'.LARA in. James R. Lyle: Annie M.; Clara L. m. R. W. Sizer; Mary F. m. Eugene Lyle; Crawford.
8--JOSEPHINE m. H. Nichols. 9-JOHN m. Sarah Bailey:
Sophie m. Lea Robinson; 'Lou m. Robert Stephens; Paul; Robert. m. 2, MARTHA LESIER.
JOHN D. MOSS married MARTHA STRONG. Came from Oglethorpe County, 1840.
1-RUFUS L. m. 1, Minnie An"'thony, 2, El1zabeth Luckie: Minnie, d.; Rufus L. m. Leila Strong; Lilly; Elizabeth, d.; .Tohn D. m. Byrd Lee Hill; Martha m. Emmett J. Bondurant; Sarah Hunter; William L.
2-JAMES 0, d. 3-JOHN CHESTERFIE'LD m. Katherine Echols. 4-SALLIE m. Thomas C. Newton. 5-JULIA P.
JOHN NE\'I!TON m. KATHERINE LOWRANCE. Came from Oglethorpe County, 1810.
1-FIDELIA m. John S. Fall: 2-JOSIAH rn. 1, Peninah Strong:
Peninah m. Mt. Griswold. m. 2, Mrs. Sisson. 3-ELIZABETI--I rn. Joseph Ewing:
Joseph; Leander; Alvan m. Louisa Newton. 4-EBENEZER m. Ann Strong: John T. m. Miss Lloyd; Henry m. Jane Ash; Charles m. Mrs. Coleman; Sarah m. Mr. Dozier; Jane m. "\-Vm. Hall; Susan m. Mr. Bennett.

468
f:i-CYNTHIA m. Robert Hall: ,John ;-.,~.; Caroline; Maria; Robert; Cynthia; William m. Jane =-"iewton; Thomas; Ann; Elizabeth.
ELIZUR L. NEWLON m. ELIZABETH CALLIER. Came from Oglethorpe County, 1810.
1--\\ 1IA.1AM H. rit. Miriam "\Valker: Elizur L. rn. Julia Bailey; John T. m. Kitty Childs; Eliza m. James B. Conyers; William \V., d.; James T. m. 1, Lucy Flewellen, 2, Helen Bennett; Fannie C. m. Wm. H. Steele; Lucy S.
2~ROBERT, d. 3-3/[ARTHA m. H. Anderson. 1--CORNELIA m. Sanford \Villiamson:
.Alice m. \.V. A. Jester; John :-I. m. Kat0 V/ingfleld; George H. G--ED\VARD P. m. Theresa Brawner. 6-JOSEPH m. VV. \Villiamson. 7-EBENEZER, d. 8-~MARY E. rn. N. P. Carraker. 9-JAMES C. rn. Mrs. '\V Roland. 10-ALON?-0 C, d.
DR. JAMES NISBET married PENELOPE COOPER. Came from Statesville, .N. C., 18:19.
1-MILUS C. m. Mrs. M. Rohinson. 2--A'LFRED M. m. Sarah Edwards:
Joseph H.; Elizabeth rn. Joseph Le Conte; Edward A. m. H. Waters; Emily H. rn. B. M. Polhill; Sarah A. rn. Alex Moffit; Mary 0., d. ~-AMANDA m. James Irwin. 4-JOHN THOMAS, d.

I
J 1
!
I

469

5-EUGEi'\IUS A. m. Amanda Battle:

Charles E. m. 1, Virgini:l Jones, 2, Fran-

ces I:<.:vans; Jall"les T. rn. Mary S. \Ving-

field; Reuben B. m. 1, Mary Dennis, 2,

J.Ylrs. M. Nisbet; Laura rn. Samuel E.

Boykin; Richard H. m. Martha Dennis;

Ophelia l:G. m. \Vm. A. Reid; Mary F.

m. P. H. Wright; Franl{ L. m. Annie

\Vingfield; J::!Jugenia, d.; Leila 1n. Couu-

cil Y.lright.

G-EMILY 0. m. Richard K. Hines:

Amanda m. Richard Hobbs; Richard K.;

J:Gugenius, d.; Sarah m. L. P. D. Ww-

ren; gmily N.

l, M. Roberts, 2,

Henry F. Hoyt; Iverson A. m. R. Al-

friend; Alfred N., d.; ~Iary F. rn. Henry

F. Hoyt.

7-SARAH 111. 1, YVilliam LeConte:

Anna m. Clifford And02rsou; James m.

Mary Gordon; William L. m. Virginia

rrrimble; Ophelia m. Frank H. Stone.

In. 2, l:Gclward B. YVeed:

Joseph E. Weetl, d.

8-JA~BS A. m. Frances \Vingfield:

Irene m. Geo. H. Hazlehurst; John W.

rn. HenrieUa Vv~ingfield; James Cooper

In. Mary F.. Young; Anna Lou 111. Mar-

shall De Graffenried; Mary A., d.;

Frank, d.

9-FRAXK'LIN A. rn. Anna Alexander:

\Villi am L. m. 1\1. Y.lhitaker; EugenE, d.;

James W. m. B. AbercrOmbie; Frank L

rn. B. Whitaker; Robert A. m. 1, ?lor-

ence Bloom, 2, Mrs. Hunter; Leonard,

d.; Elizabeth m. Wm. L. Dennis; Mar

tha C. rn. "\Vm. 'I~. Dennis; Alfred, d.

470
10-0PHELIA A., d. JOHN NISBET married HARRIET COOPER. Came from Statesville, N. C., 1823.
1-MARY A. m. Henry Hull, (}. r. 2-THOMAS C. m. Mary C. Cumming:
Joseph C., d.; Eliza C., d.; Hattie Edward C. Latta; Cooper, d. 3-SARAH E. m. Martin L. Smith: Victor m. Saida Bird; Lina m. Richard E. Shaw; J. Nisbet m. Fanny Rockwell. 4-HARRlET rrl. 'Louis LeConte: Eva; William, d.; John N.; Louis E. m. Carrie AUams. G-M:A.RGARET I.
JACOB PHINIZY married 1, MATILDA STEWART. Came from Oglethorpe Courrty, 1832.
1--FERDINAND m. 1, Harriet Bowdre, 2, Ann S. Barrett, q. v.
2-MARCO m. Mrs. Dancey. 3-JOHN T. m. Eliza Watkins:
John T., d.; Elizabeth m. S. C. Pointer; Margaret m. J. A. Strong. 4--JACOB, d 5-SARAH m John M. Billups: Anna m. W. B. Harris; Jacob m. Jennie Tarlton; Sallie; Susan B. m. R. F. Hudson; Margaret m. R. Patterson; John M. G-MARGARET m. J. B. Lockhart. m. 2, MRS. SARAH MERIWETHER.
FERDINAND PHINIZV m. 1, HARRIET BOWDRE. Carne from Oglef.horpe County, 1832.
1-F. BOWDRE m. Mary Lou Yancey: Bowdre; Hattie m. Samuel Mays.

471
2-STEWART m. Marian Cole: Ferdinand; J!Jliza; Cole; Marie; Louise; lsietta; Stewart.
3-LEONARD m. Annie Martin: Anita; Leonard; Marian; Jack.
4-LOUISE m. Abner R. Calhoun: F. Phinizy; Andrew; Susan m. Junius Ogles by; Harriet.
:>-JACOB m. 1, Vanna Gartrell, 2, Mrs. Foster. 6-MARION. 7--BIL'LUFS m. NelJie Stovall:
Annie B.; Bolline; Mattie Sue; Nellie; Louise. 8-HARRY H., d.
m. 2, ANN S. 9ARRETI.
9-BARRETT m. Martha Glover. 10-CH~~~~s H. m. Nellie Wright:
Charles H.; Anne, d.
CHARLES M. REESE married 1, MISS MILLER.
1-"\VILLIAM M. m. 'Lucy Pettus: Milton m. Miss Hudson; Sarah.
2-SIDNEY C. m. Caroline Harden: Marion m . .Jeff Lane; Anna, d.; Charles S. m. Vada Bostwick; Julia m. A. A. McDuffie; Lucy.
m. 2, MRS. MERIWETHER.
:1-J A.NE m. Sam C. '-Villiams. -!-ANDERSON W. m. Viola Ross:
Flewellen.
m. 3, MRS. DR. GERDINE.

472
WILLIAMS RUTHERFORD m. LAURA B. COBB. Came from Milledgeville, 1834.
1-.TOJ-!:0.~ C. m. Elizabeth Kin;;: Bessie rn. Vassar \Voolley; T~arnar Andrew A. Lipscomb; Katherine.
~-l'LIZA, d. 3-:NIARY A~.-N rn. Fnmk A. Lipscornl.J:
Blanche rn. Y\~lll. D. Ellis; Francis A.; lg_ Rutherford ln. Mmgare1. Talmudge. 4-MILDRED L. 5-BESSIE m. George A. Mell: Annie Laurie; Mildred; Rntherford, d; Mary Ann, d. 6-~LAUH..\. m. J. C. Hutchins: ''-:illiams R.; Lydia; Laura Cobh; ,Joshua C.
THOMAS STANLEY married ELLEN RAMSEY. Came to Athens in 1820.
1-\VILLIAM A. d.. 2-MARCELLUS rn . .Julia Pope:
Sallie; T'homas P. m. Margaret Morton. 8-THOMAS C. m. Fredonia Blackman:
FJmmell; Ellen D.; Martha; Henry N.; En1rna. 4-EMMA L. m. Dr. H. S_ \VimLsh: Mary H.; John; Ellen; Emma; Fannie; Adelaide; William A., d. 5-ELOISE, d. G-OCTAVIUS H., d. 7-AUGUSTIN 0. nL Lilly Dowdell: James D.; Augustin; Car-oline; Ellen; Rlizabeth. 8--JULIUS A. m. - - - - Paul; Mildred.

473
PLEASANT A. STOVALL 111. 1, LOUISA LUCAS, ~ ANNA TRIPPE.
Came fron1 Augusta, J 8-14.
J-l\IARCELLL7S ~\_. m. 1, Scnah McKinney, 2, Ann<l G. Peele Henry L .. d.; Anna lll. Mr. Hardwicl~: Lonisa, d.; .John; Anna G.; 11arcellu,:;
Ca..vol j r1 A.: Courtney, d. 2~'L.IZABET'I-l m. \Vm. E. Dearing, tJ. r.
:1-CICELIA 'L. m. Charles T. Shellman: Pleasant S. m. Leila Dallas; Clio E.; Robert !\1.; C1'u-'lrles T.; Cicelia, d.; Ma!.c<::'1lus, d.; .John, d.; Ellen, d.; Maggie C.; Thomas, d.
4-THO!\IAS P. 111. Volumnia Coow-:r: F.::ffie P. rn. 'fl1ornas P. Branch; Sophie, {l..
:}-JOHN \Y. m. Eloise Edwards: John \V. m. 1, .Julia Coles, 2, Rennie Alexander; Pleasant; Clara rn. Mr. Tyler; Eloise, d.; Ge-orge M. m. L. Cushman: Thomas P.; Marcellus; Nita.
6-DOLLING A. m. Mattie \Yilson: Pleasant A. m. Mary Ganahl; Jeannie m. R. Toon~~)S DuBose; J<.Jrwin W., d.; Lizzie D. m. R. \V. Lamkin; Nellie G. rn. Billups Phinizy: Bolling A., d.; Verner .l\1., d.; Harvey G.
7-.JOSEPH H., d. S--E'L..LEN m ..Jarnes H. Whitner:
James H.; PleasantS., d.; Joseph; Elizabeth. 9--ANNA P., d. 10-GEORGE T., d. 11-AL.ONZO C., d.

474
12~FRANCIS M. m. Jessie Craig m. 2, MRS. CLIO HILL.
JOHN TALMADGE married EMILY CONGER. Came from Clarke County, 1820.
1-STEPHEN m. Miss Conger. ~-WILLIAM A. m. Sarah Young:
Clovis G. rn. 1, Virginia McDowell, 2, Mary Bishop; Myra m. Julius Cohen; John E. 1n. Lizzie Dorsey, q. v.; Bessi~ m. 1, James P. Dol'sey, q. '1/., 2, C. K. Col lins. ;';-HENRY m. Miss Hall. ,!--ELIZABETH m. Geo. Mygatt; .Joseph m . .Miss Booth. 5-ALDERT m. C. Slaughter.
ROBERT TAYLOR married MRS. BERRIEN, nee
DELONEY.
1-.lAMES m. :\liss Jones: Robert; Hattie m. Dr. Alexander; James
:.:-RICHARD D. B. 111. 1, Jane Bi11ups: Susie n1. Fred B. Lucas.
m. 2, Kate McKinley: Katie R. m. Edward Treanor.
3-ROBEHT nL Tallulah Harris: Hugh N. m. Katie Hall; Robert G. m. Miss Twiggs.
STEVENS THOMAS married 1, ELIZA CARY. Came from Oglethorpe. County, 1805.
1-PAULINE m. Sampson W. Harris, q. v. f-STEVENS m. Isabelia Hayes, q. 1;. 3-FRANCES m. 'George Dent:

475
Eliza n1. 1, Lucien Dawson, 2, Barnard Bee; Alexander T.; Stevens T.; John G., d.; Malcolm, d .. 4--JAMES DU_DLEY m. Sarah Billups: Robert T.; James D. m. Miss Fort; EdwardS., d. m. 2, PENINAH JORDAN. 5~ANNA m. Henry Hull q. v. G-ROBERT, d. 7-MARY m. Thomas Saffold: Marion, d. 8---.JOHN .J. m. Claude McKinley: AntDinette, d.; Claude m. Henry MeAlpin; Frank, d. 9-BATAVIA m. Charles .L Clinch: Nellie; Charles; Alex Stewart; Robert T.
STEVENS THOMAS married ISABELLA HAYES.
1-PAULINE m. W. H. Adams. 2--LUCY m. Carlton Hillyer, q. v. 3--VVfLLIAM W. m. Pamela Brown:
Gertrude, d.; Isabelle m. Richard Johnston; Alice, d.; Fanny, d. 4-MI~~IE m. HowaPd Van Epps: Minnie; George. 5-ALICE m ..J. H. Fleming: .Joseph H.; 1sabelle; Lucy. C-GEORGE D. m. Katie Morton: Rosina; Isabella; Marguerite; Minnie. 1-S~EVENS, d.
MOSES WADDELL m. ELIZA W. PLEASANTS. Came from South Carolina, 1819.
1--.JAMES P. m. Frances VV. Hull: Ann Pleasants, d.; \Villiam Henry

476
I\ill'S..Mary 13. Tcw; Jam.es, d.; l\1oscs, d., Bessie. 2-ISAAC \VA~l~TS m. Sarah Daniel: James D. m. Medora Sparks; Elizabeth P. m. Mt. Stetzc; Mary m. U. P. Lester; John 0. m. Ella C. Peck; Isaac W. ro. G. Blacl{well :3--\VILLIAM V\'. m. 'Louisa M. Hilliard: l\Iary I__._ ln. l'vlr. Moss; llosa nl. Me. Moss; "\VooUdie, d. 4---SARAH E. tn. Edmund Atkinson: Camden; Alexander; Edmund; Elias R-; Satilla m. \\hn. P. Itetnbert; Constance m. Dr. Jelks. G-MAitY A.m. J. 0. Duva11: Eliza n1. Judge Gillis; Sarah; Lucretia; Mary; Anna; John, James, d. G--JOHN NE\\TT'ON m. 1, Martha Robertson, 2, Mary A. \Verden, 3, l\lrs. Harriet Snedecor:
Mary n. m. James D. West; Elizabeth m. C. Y. Thomvson; George n. m. F.
Branson; Jonn N., d.; James P., d.; Isaac "\V., d.
NICHOLAS WARE marriet1 1. MISS RANOOLPH, 2.
SUSAN CARR.
Came from Augusta, 1823.
1~-ROBERT m. Margaret Ellison: Jane m. P. M. Martin; Nicholas, d.; Susan m. J. L. Ware; James, d.; Mary m. Dr.. "\Vi1lis; Margaret m. W. U. Bedell; Uobert m. M. Cushman; William, d.
2-THOMAS m. Ophelia Pace. :1-MAUY ANN m. "\Valter Veitch.

477
'l-SUS.A~ nl. Francis lpps: Thomas J. m. 1, Ernily Bancroft, 2, Augusta Kollock.
5-NICHOLAS m. C. V.Talton. G-RICHARD H., d. 7-VIHGIKlA m. Dr. \Vm. Heall:
Susan m. Mr. Papp~-; Charles, d.; Virgftria; Oscar. S--FRANCES, d.
EDWARD R. WARE married MARGARET BACON. C'an1e from_ Augusta, 1828.
1-::VTARY E. m. L. H. Charbonnier: Harry; I<Jdward \V. m. Newton McCraw; ~1eta m. J. F. McGowan.
2--GRACli:: ARRINGTON m. Thomas Barrett: Thomas m. Bertha T\filler; T\farguret m. 'i~ouis A. Dugas; Edward \V. m. 1, Clara L. 1Nall(er, 2, Janie Y. Smith; H. Gould rn. Mariana Tobin; Savannah m. Edward H. Butt.
3-HULL, d. 4-WILLIAM J., d. 5-LUCY C. m. Thomas Wray. G-ED\VARD H. m. Mrs. Hattie Nicholson:
Margaret.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS married REBECCA HARVEY. Carne from Haucock County, 1817.
1-GEORGE m. 1, Elizabeth Allen: Vlilliam; George; .Jane UL Mr. Come.L; Rebecca m. Mr. Hill.
m. 2, Miss Peeler. 2-JOHN HARVEY, d.

478
3-MILTON m. Mary Rutherford: Milton, d.; Antoinette m. Mr. Howard.
4-ALBERT m. 1, Mary J. Clark, 2, Ann Eliza Hollis: Alberta m. Mr. Bush; Gertrude m. Mr. Harrison; Anna.
5-SARAH m. B. W. Sanford: John, d.; Rebecca m. Mr. Jackson; Melinda.
G-NARCISSA m. Charles F. McCay: Robert, d.; Charles, d.; Marie; Julia m. Vil. M. Buchanan; H. Kent; Harvey.
7-V\TILLIAM in. Ruth Bell: Charles; Anrl.rew; Mary m. Mr. Dickson; William; Robert.
8--MARTHA A. m. Andrew Baxter, q. v. 9-MARY m. Wm. Louis Jones:
Rosa; Louis H. m. Sallie Harris; Alex R. m. Sue Thomas; Joseph, d.; Percy. 10-WI'LEY, d. 11-ANDREW m. Mary Moon: Al.lflrew; Emma; Mary; Rosa; Julia.
JOHN WHITE married JANE RICHARDS. Came from Ireland in 1833.
1-JAMES m. Julia Ashton: Rosina m. W. F. Bradshaw; Julia, d.: James.
2-ROSINA m. William J. Morton, q. v. 3-MARGARET m. Wm. P. Welch:
Jolin W. 4-JOHN R. m. I,.ily Paine:
John; Hugh; Robert; Sallie Fanny

Some Marriages of Athens People
Gathered from Various Sources
1828. Henry C. Lea to Serena Rootes, Angust 26. Edmund Atkinson to Sarah E. Waddell, Nov. 18. William L. Mitchell to Sarah Neisler, Dec. 23.
1829. Walker Veitch to Mary Ann Ware, Jan. 15. Sidney K. Reaves to Caroline Nicholson, July 23.
1830. William W. Waddell to 'Louisa Hilliard, Feb. 17. Edward R. Ware to Margaret Bacon, April 12. Hugh V.I. Nesbit to Mary W. Harris, April 21. John Crawford to Sarah E. Bass, July 27. William Dougherty to Acsa Turner, August 17. George R. Clayton to Ann Harris, Oct. 7~
1831. James M. Smythe to Jane N. Ha~~ is, April 20. Thomas Wray to Theodosia Cardwell, September 1. Junius Hillyer to Mrs. Jane :B"oster, October 5.
1835. Charles Wallace Howard to Jett 'Thomas, April 30. Howell Cobb to Mary Ann Lamar, May 26. John Gilleland to Jerusha Venable, October 1. Giles Mitchell to Sarah E. Long, Oct. 12. Henry W. T,odd to Emily Watkins, Oct. 20. ..Joseph W. Billups to Mary Ann Daniel, Dec. 15.
1836. John T. Dearing to Emma F. Stone, March 24. ~ Thos. H. Harden to Margaret A. Dearing, March 24. ' George Dent to Francis E. Thomas, June 2. Robert Iverson to Ii'rancis E. Neisler, June 7. Paul J. Semmes to Emily J. Hemphill, June 14. Stevens Thomas to Isabella L. Hayes, June 20.

480
1837. Robert B. Alexander to Anna Maria Harris, April -L ,John \V. Lumpkin to Ann Jan1eson, April 23 . .Tose})h C. \Vilkins to Mary Elizabeth Grant, June 25. \Villiam E. Dearing to Caroline E. Stovall, June 27. James Shannon to Frances E. Moore, June 28. Barzillai Graves to Sarah M. Goneke, .July ~3. Edward P. Harden to Sarah Brown, Sept. 28. .Joseph B. Cobb to Almira D. Clayton, October 5. David A. Vason to Cordelia A. Pope, ~ovember (L James 1A'atldns Harris to Anna I-familton, November 8. Jacob Phinizy to Mrs. Sarah :NTeriwether, November 30. Shaler G. Hillyer to f<Jlizabeth .T. Thompson, D~~ ccrnber 1. Charles I3. Lyle to Julia Carlton, December 12. Wilson E. I3. \.Vhatley to Elizabeth W. Lumpldn, December 15. Lewis 1\-L Fowler to Elizabeth A. Conger, Decembel 20.
1838. Greensby \'\~e~horford Barber to Frances Barber, January 8. ,Joseph F. Morton to Mildred Mathews, March ] 8 .James Dudley r_rhomas to Sarah Billups, August '{. Patrick H. Shields to Mary Lumpkin, Sept. 25. Watkins Baynon to Jane Bryan, Nov. 7. David C. Barrow to Sarah Elizabeth Pops, Nov. 23. W. H. H. 1.>\'hite to ,Jemima Simpson, Nov. 12. Hugh M. Neisler to Caroline Howard, November 28. William S. Hemphill to Sarah Fowler, pecember 20.
1839. Edward P. Clayton to Mary E. Bradford, March 4.

+01
r._ \Yilliaw C Gel'(line to 'i~ncy Lumpldn, March 2.S.
Stmucl Tenney to Sarah M. Colt, April ::!. Cbas. M. Reese Lo Elizal.Jcih \V. Gerdine, May G. Ih_ Hngh O'K. ""csbit to '.\Lntha D. Berrien, June 20 Patrick Darry to Charlotte IVL McDermott., October 2ti. Calvin J. Fall to Sarah SLroud, Nov. 21. Peter E. Lowe to Martha Strond, ~ov. 21.
1840. Benjamin F. \-Vhitner to Sarah Jane Church, Jan. 7. Thomas Moore to Martha H ..Jackson, April 2. John S. 'i~inton to Cordelia Golding, May 14. Shelton P. Sanfonl to Maria F. Dickinson, July ~W . .Jarnes M. Royal to Frances E. Rumney, Aug. 9. Charles F. McCay to .N"arcissa "\Viliiams, Aug. 11. Francis B. Baldwin to .Julia Clayton, Nov. 19.
1841. Thmnas :~vL Nleriwether to Henrietta L. Andrews, -August 11. Benj. C. Yancey to Lanra l\I. HiHes, July 20.,. V\'illiam H. Lee to Elvira A. Church, Feb. 18. \Villiam T. Baldwin to Susan M. Harris, March 3. \'l.'illiums Rutherford to Laura B. Cobb, March 23. Green L . .YicCleskey to l~eorgianu Washburn, July
Thomas H. Yrll"brough to Emily Varnnn1, Oct. 19. 'Lucius .T. Gartrell to Louisiana 0. Gideon, :N"ov. 1 {.\.
~:::1icd~=l~~!~l:i~nJ1~~a:;r~~~lY~~~l:~:~~- ~~~. 24. ~~
William P. Rembert to Victoria I ... Cox, Dec. 14. Andrew J. Lamar to Mary Athena Jackson, De('.
1842. Edward R. Hodgson to Anna Bishop, Jan. 18. .-lcnry L. Bl"ittain to .Julia .A. \Alright, January 20.

482

William P. Talmadge to Elizabeth A. Royal, March

1.';. Isaac M. Kenney to Sarah A. Richardson, March 20.

Luther .J. Glenn to Mildred L. Cobb, April 27.

Benjamin F. Hardeman to Arabella R. Harris, May

~1.

Benjamin Conley to Sarah Semmes, June 7.

Marcellus C. M. Hammond to Harriet Davis, July

12. Asa M. Jackson to Evaline R. ,J. Harden, Sept. 15 .

.Ja1nes R. Stevenson to Catharine Brockman, Sept.

2'i.

James J. Taylor to Jane H. Burke, Dec. 15.

1843.

George A. Croom to Julia M. Church, February 21.

Zachariah Ivy to Elizabeth McCleskey, March 19.

John .T. Gresham to Mary E. Baxter, May 2t>.

Lewis Craig to Elizabeth Church .June 8.

Louis 'LeConte to Harriet Nfsbet, July 25.

James S. Harailton to Hehecca A. Crawford, Sep"'".

2G.

J:l VV.

Felton to Mary A. Carlton, Nov. 21.

Joseph B. Carlton to Thene E. Moore, Nov. 21.

1844.

Thomas R. R. Cobb to Marion McH. Lumpkin, Jan

nary 9.

Henry R . .Jackson to Cornelia A. Davenport, Feb

ruary 1. Lewis J. Lampkin to Lucy Ha:.;:~s, May 27.

Joel Huggins to Cavoline V. Moore, June 18.

Henry Hull, Jr., to Ann M. Thomas, October 9.

Albin P. Dearing to Eugenia E. Hamilton, Nov. 21.

V'lilliarn H. Lampkin to Susan. C. Moon, Dec. 5.

1845.

F. '\'l. Pickens to Marion A. Dearing, .January 9.

Pleasant A. Stovall to Mrs..Clio Hill, Feb. 11.

483
John R. Matthews to Catherine Matthews, March 2. Montgomery P. \:Vingfield to Mary E. Singleton, April 2. Dr. William Bacon Stevens to Frances Coppee. Alvan Ewing to Louisa Newton, May 7. John Howze to Claudia Clayton, October 1. William E. Thurmond to Marie L. Harden, Oct. 6. John H. Colt to Caroline A. Green, Nov. 19. M . .J. Clancey to Mary A. Jones, November 18. Benjamin H. Hill to Caroline E. Holt. Nov. 27. Napoleon B. Harden to Mary L. Appling, Dec. 2.
1846. Thomas P. Stovall to Volmunia A. Cooper, Jan. 15. Andrew Baxter to Martha "\Villiams, .January 28. .John M. Billups to Sarah M. Phinizy, February i. Wm. H. Newton to Miriam K. Walker, April 21. William C. Yoakum to Sophia Conger, April 20. ----William T. Bailey to Elizabeth Winstead, April 30. Frederick "\V. 'i.ucas to Martha A. Singleton, May 27. Rev. G . .]. Pearce to Eliza A. Glenn, June 2. Perrin Benson to Louisa F. Towns, July 19. Capt. M. L. Smith to Sarah E. ~isbet, July 27. Capt. N. W. Hunter to Sarah R. Golding, Aug. 18. Benjamin C. Yancey to Sarah P. Hamilton, Nov. 4. Henry Hull to Mary A. Nisbet, Nov. 12.
1847. John N. Bonnell to Mary Ann Morton, Jan. 30. Terrell M. Lampkin to America Adams, April 15. ..... H. R. J. Long to Susan J. Stroud, May 26.S. C. Reese to Caroline M. Harden, Sept. 9. Dan G. Hughes to Mary H. Moore, October 20. Joel Abbott Billups to Susan Harris, :November -i. Robert Moore to Catherine Kirkpatrick, Nov. 16.
,1848. Rufus L. Moss to Mary L. Anthony, August 8

484
1849. Benjamin J. Parr to Sarah C. Sisson, February 12. David Gann to Malinda Lee, June 10. James Gallaway to Ann N. Doble, 1\rovember 15. John S. Linton to Lucy Ann Hull, December 18.
1850. Hoplcins Holsey to Mary J. Neisler, August 15. Charles \. 'Lane to Louisa l\.iatthews, December 2.
1851. Charles B. Lombard to Julia E. Kellogg, April 6. John S. Wiggins to Sarah L. Morton, May 6. William King, Jr., to Augusta C. Clayton, Oct. 8. Robert G. 'T'aylor to Tallulah Harris, October 23. M. C. Fulton to Virginia F. Hamilton, November 4. N. W. Haudrup to Sarah Bridges, December 30.
1852. Porter Kiug to Callie M. Lumpkin, February 19. ,John C. Pitner to Sarah C. Weir, October 19. .John W. Nicholson to Martha M. Gartrell, Nov. 18.
1853. James Jackso~ to Ada Mitchell, June 24. John J. Thomas to Claudia F. McKinley, August 25. John C. Whitner to Mattie S. Cobb, September 28 . .Nathaniel L. Barnard to Fannie E. Dougherty, October 5. Richard D. B. Taylor to Sarah ,Jane Billups, Oct. G.
\Villiam B. Jackson to Mary '-Villis Adams, Oct. 13.
John D. Cobb to Mary Athena Lamar, November 2.2 . .Jonathan Hampton to Eliza A. Hayes, December 14. Robert McCay to Susan L. \Viley, December 21.
1854. Rufus L. Moss to Lizzie 'Luckie, April 6. William G. Deloney to Rosa E. Huguenin, May 16. William E. Eppes to Emily Bancroft, July 27. .Tames A. Carlton to Mattie C. Janes, August 23. Thomas \V. \Valker to Julia M. Adams, Oct. 23.

1
I

I
I

485

M. Stanley to Julia A. Pope, November 8. /

William L. Mitchell to 'Lucia L. Bass, November 21.

1855.

Charles K. Jarrett to Lizzie Lucas, .Tan. 17.

Charles F. Cooper to Hessie M. Jackson, April 2.

.John M. Phinizy to Sue Morton, June 14.

J. N. Carter to Laura A. Clarke, September 6 .

.lames C. Wilson to Maria Stovall, Nov. 27.

Jerry E. Ritch to Jane M. Alexander, December l::L

J<.Jdward P. Bishop to Martha M. Bingham, Dec. 13.

1856.

Warren A. Brown to Louisa C. Hoyt, January 2.

Richard J. Wilson to Mary Virginia Harris, Jan. 9.

R. L. Witherspoon to Mary C. Boon, February 5.

A. G. Turner to Francis A. Conger, February 20.

William A. Bain to Mary Ann DeCosta, Sept. 18.

Henry Buesse to Menecies Evans, Nov. 6.

.John G. Thomas to Susan A. Carr, November 12.

H. ,J. Adams to Flora N. Williamson, December 17.

1857.

Charles J. Clinch to Ella B. Thomas, May 12.

F. \V. Adams to Emma E. Barnett, July 22.

W. M. Morton to Martha A. Lester, September 23.

John D. Easter to Fanny Coley, October 291

Dunlap Scott to Virginia Wray, November 26.

James M. Hull to Georgia A. Rucker, December 8.

1858.

.Joseph A. Hill to Mary E. Maxwell, October 14.

Edward S. Axson to Margaret Jane Hoyt, Nov. 16.

Albert S. Dorsey to Susan n. Doble, November 23.

Benjamin F. "\Vhitner to Anna P. Church, Dec. 21.

(

1859.

Ellison Stone to Mary McKenzie, March 3 .

.Tos. M. \Veatherly to Mary Vanderhost, May 5.

VVilliam G. Noble to Augusta Hill, June 23.

E. C. Kinnebn:!w to Georgia A. Lyle, August 4:

486
C. P. Morton to Anna Crane, December 15. 1860.
Samuel P. Thurmond to Elizabeth A. Long, Jan. J. James Robb to Mrs. Elizabeth C. Craig, March 6. James R. Lyle to Clara M. Bailey, May 17. James H. Reaves to Vphelia G. Elder. William J. MoJ:ton to Rosina E. White, Sept, 11. Thomas Crawford to Julia E. Hayes, December 12.
1861. A. B. C. Dorsey to Salonia Gilmore, Februat y 2l. T. A. Adams to Adeline Sisson, April 17. G. W. Barber to Mary T. Conger, May 16. H. D. D. Twiggs to Lucy E. \Vilkins, May 21. Jesse Youngkin to Martha A. Weir, June 4, Robert VV. Adams to Sophie L. Bronard, June 18. Jefferson Larnar to Mary A. Lamar, July 22. Asbury Hull to Mrs. Maria Cook, July 23. Lamar Cobb to Olivia Newton, July 30.
1862. M. H. Henderson to Ada Screven, January 30. Peyton E. Thompson to Ophelia Crane, Dec. 11.
1863. C. A. Styles to Anna M. Adams, January 13. George Whitfield to Mary Hillyer, February 9. I. W. Hallam to Lizzie Bancroft, April 24. John A. Cobb to Lucy Barrow, July 29.
1864. Amos T. Akerman to Martha R. GallowaY, May 28. "\V. P. Patillo to Sallie P. Chase, July 21. J. H. Laing to Caroline \Vitherspoon, October 9. C. P. McAllister to Charlotte A~mand, December 1.
1865. James S. King to Sallie C. Boggs, October 26.
1866. George A. Carlton to Allie McConnell, March 20. C. W. Motes to Emily F. White, June 14.

1
l
)

487
1867. Henry Jackson to Sally A. Cobb, April 23. S. M. Herrington to Mattie F. Huggins, Nov. 7. H. H. Carlton to Helen C. Newton, November 12.
1868 .lame'S P. Dorsey to Bessie Talmadge, February 27. Josiah Jones to Rosalie Meeker, .June 2. Thomas F. Green to Ella B. Lipscomb, Sept. 18.
1869. Fran}{ A. Lipscomb to Mary Ann Rutherford, Jan. 14. William L. Church to Laura Randolph, April 6. A. A. F. Hill to Gazzie Vlilliams, June 16. Rufus K. Reaves to Anna E. Powell, November 18.
1870. William H. Hodgson to Maria Kennard, January E:i E. R. Hodgson to Mary V. Strahan, January 3. J. A. Hunnicutt to Mary 'L. Deupree, February 22. John Bird to Lula Norris, November 18.
1871. A. L. Hull t.o Callie Cobb, January 5. V\Tm. A. Hemphill to Mrs. E. B. Luckie, March 7. .John W. Brumby to Arabella Hardeman, .June 29. Daniel McKenzie to Martha Pulliam, April 20. R. H . .Johnston to Susie Hill, April 20. Gemge C. Thomas to Anna McWhorter, April 27. Jos. G. Evans to 'Lizzie Kirkpatrick, iVIay 4. John \V. McCalla to Francina Deupree, May 16. Hines M. Smith to Sallie Sparks, May 17. VV. H. Morton to Cora Frazer, June 11. Jeff Lane to Mariou Reese, July 26. Henry W. Grady to Julia King, October 5. James M. Edwards to Lizzie Scudder, November ~ Thomas A. Hamilton to Amelia Tupper, Nov. 14. Victor M. Smith to Saida Bird, November 16. E ..J. Christy to Hattie Gailey, December 7.

488
1872. Geo. T. Goetchius to .Julia A. Scudder, February ~ Alex S. Erwin to Mary Ann Cobb, April 3. J1J. Seabrook -Hull to Ella Eddings, July 10. \"."'. C. Kemp to Mrs. Jane E. Doyle, July 15. Robert B. Hodgson to Annie Strahan, Sept~mber 23. A. H. Hodgson to Julia Neal, September 25. Goodloe H. Yancey to Lucy Deupree, September 26. Rufus S. Cleghorn to Eliza Hutcheson, November Geo. \. Mason to Beulah Booth, November 14. A. T. Smith to Fannie Hoover, December 4. H. C. V\'hite to Ella F. Roberts, December 24. C. \\T. Parr to ,Jennie Mealor, December 26.
1873. Howard Van Epps to Minnie Thomas, February 13. }<Jdw. A. \Villiams to Sallie Hamilton, March 5. Henry C. Bussey to Lizzie Lucas, June 24. Geo. P. Raney to Lizzie Lamar, November 4 Henry Hill to .Julia Burpee, November 26. E. H. Ware tc 2.Irs. Hattie P. Nicholson, Novem_ ber 27.
't"'l. B. Jackson to Naomi Langford, December 17.
1874. Chas ..J. O'Farrell to Rosa England, Feb1uary 11. FranJc 'J~un1pkin to Kate DeV/. Willcox, February 14. Myer Stern to Rachel Michael, February 15. CarltOJ:;_ Hillyer to Lucy C. Thomas, February 18. Ceo. T. Murrell to Leila \.V. Morton, February 19. 'Cobb Lampkin to Mamie Arnold, March 11.
Hamilton Yancey to Florence Patterson, April 29. Alfred T. Luckie to Lizzie Alexander, April 30. Bourke Spalding to Nellie P. Barrow, November 3. Jos. R. Palmer to Florence Huggins, December 23.
1875. Wm. P. Welch to Margaret R. v;,.-'hite, January 26.

489

P. 1:!. Mell lo Annie VV'hile, .Tunc 1::). Geo. D. Bancroft to Jessie Winkler, ,June 15. Charles M. Reese to Vada Bostwick, July 28. Robert K. Bloomfield to Cornelia 0. Bancroft, October 5. J. H. Dorsey lo Sallie Chapple, November 9. W. Henry Wells to Rosa P. Smith, Dec('mber 9. S. P. Parker lo Belle O'Farrell, December .15. John A. Moore to Mary 0. Hull, December 15. -,N_ L. VVood to Celestia Epps, December 27.
1876. F. D. Lucas to Susie Taylor, March 29. T. VV. RuclH'r to Sarah Cobb, September 27 . .1. L. Burch to !\'Iary E. Evans, October 5. Dawson \Villiams to Maggie Callaway, October 19. James B. Conyers to Lizzie B. Newton, October 26. Vivian Fleming to f!Jmily Vilhitc, December 19.
1877.

J. A. Grant. to 'Laura Vonderleith, .January 24. ,T. A. Munday to Rosa Beusse, M!'lrch 20. W. D. Griffeth to Marcella Dearing, Anril 10. Joseph C. Mygatt to Lizzie Booth, May 9. Frank Talmage lo Ella Powell, May 12. Z. B. Graves lo Ida Ritch, May 16 .. A. W. Calhoun to Louise Phinizy, September 26. James U. Jackson to Minnie Falligant, Novem ber 7. Geo. W. Calvin to Amy Beusse, November 29. W. A. Carlton to Annie Price, December 11. J. H. Towns to Alice Eaton, December Hi. Ellison D. Slone to Emma C. Bradford, December 20.

1878.

C. K. Collins to Mrs. Bessie Dorsey, January 24.

W. W. Thomas to Pamela Brown, February 1L

I

S. "C. Williams to Jane Reese, .June 16.

j

l

"1-90
A. C. Lampkin to Anna Vincent, September 10.
C. \V. Asbury to Ada Huggins, October 10. Charles L. Bartlett to Leila Carlton. C. D. McKie to Julia Hampton, November 14. Theo Vonderleith to Mamie Lee, December 11. T. C. Compton to Martha Lumpkin, December 19.
1879. D. C. Barrow to Fannie I. Childs, February 5. J. H. Lambert to Annie Galloway, June 12. Macon C. Johnson to Mamie Carlton, June 17. C. L. Pitner to 'l...illian Colbert, September 7. E. I. S1nith to Sallie Luc8.S, Kovernber 12.
1880. C. W. Davis to Emma Vonderlieth, January 7. T. C. Newton to Sallie Moss, February 5. Andrew J. Cobb to Starke Campbell, March 31. Henry A. Lucas to Lula Daynon, April 22. R. N. Snead to Emma Hutcheson, June 9. Robt. J. Smith to Belle Hutcheson, August 8. Eldw. V. Branham to Julia Billups, October 7. R. Toombs DuBose to Jennie Stovall, December 15. N. B. Carson to Willie VVoodfin, December 15.
1881 . .JoSCJ)h \\'. \Voods to En1ma Conger, .January 6. R. I. Hampton to Deville Comer, January 11. D. M. Burns to Mary Taylor, January 18. Stephen Gould to Mary E. Long, January 20. A. A. McDuffie to Julia Reese, February 29. J. F. Jackson to Millie Vincent, February 29. J. S. Noland to Mattie R. LeSeur, May 5. E. F. Oates to L.nla Nevitt, June 1. S. C. Benedict to Annie Bloomfield, July 27. Selig Bernstein to Jennie Michael, August 10. Edward Bancroft to Lucy Epps, August 22. .John T. Newton to Kittie L. Childs, October 15. .James S. Davant to Ethel Hamilton, November 2.

491
1882. E. P. Eberha-rt to Ann Mitchell, January 3. A. D. Smith to Mary Mell, January 5. James T. Newton to Lucy Flewellen, February 16. Simon Miehael to Anna Philips, March 14. T. J. Barnard to Mary F. Woodfin, May 3j. W. H. Steele to Fannie Newton, September 21. N. Keff Smith to Carrie Scudder, October 4. R. H. Cornwell to Lila Fleming, October 11. Geo. P. Brightwell to Clara Talmage, November 16. L. H. Jones to Sallie Harris, December 6. W. M. Howard to Gu~sie C. King, December 13. Bernard Franklin to Isabella V. Harris, Decem ber 20.
1883. G. S. Shewell to Ida Phillips, February 22. L. E. Bailey to Martha J. Thornton, March 22. J. A. Harbin to Mattie McDorman, March 29. G. H. Hulme to Willie Matthews, May 3. J. N. Webb to Susie A. Pitner, May 16. Robert \V. Lamkin to Lizzie S~m--all, .June 5. .John Hope Hull to Rosa Deloney, June 6. -a-eo. D. Thomas to Katie Morton, July 11. J. C. Hutchins to Lallie Rutherford, October 9. J. T. Brown to Julia Barber, October :30. R. E. Shaw to Lina Smith, November 13. Hoke Rmith to Birdie Cobb, December 19.
1884. \Vm_ Harlctocl;;: to Sarah Hemphill, January 31. J. F. Rhodes to Anna Reaves, February U:L A. H. Davison to Tda Dorsey, June 12. James McKimmon to Leila Hull, .Tune 24. Pope Barrow to Cornelia Jackson, June 25. T. C. Hampton to Viola Skiff, .July 15. Wm. I. Sims to Annie Noble, August 21. G. A. Mell to Bessie Rutherford, September 4.

492

.John \V. Gilleland to Mary F. Heard, October 30

1885. Pleasant A. Stovall to Mary Ganahl, January 7. G. VV. Rush to Lizzie l!;berhart, January 14. Geo. W. Woodfin to Nela Rowland, June 16. .f. H. Fleming to Alice Thomas, June 24. C. H. Phinizy to Mrs. Mary 'Lou Phinizy, July 28 . .H'rancis Fontaine to Nathalie Hamilton, Octob~r 28 Henry ~cAlpin to Clandia 'l.,homas, November 18.

1886.

Dillups Phinizy to Nellie Stovall, April 21.

\V. F. Dorsey to Cassie Beusse, July 14.

R. B. Lawrence to Marion Dearing, August 25.

1:

D. \V. Meagow to Susie A. Colbert, October 3. A. Vil. Vess to Nina Bain, October 6.

E. D. Treanor to Katie Taylor, November 24.

C. D. Flanigen to Mamie Nevitt, December 13.

Vassar VVoolley to Be~:mle Rutherforci, December 21.

1887. A. E. Griffeth to Belle Jenkens, June 22. John VV. \Vier to Mrs. Annie Gann, August 3. Edward A. Groover to Lena Latimer, November Hi. Henry S. \Vest to Marion Lampkin, November 30. Hunter P. Cooper to Henrietta Tucker, Decem_ ber 8.

1888. George E. Stone to HeLtie Bishop, January 17. I. G. Swift to Bessie Thurmond, January 19. W. S. Christy to Minnie Kenney, January 25. Vil. P. Briggs to Annie Beusse, April 24. H. N. Vilillcox to Mary Nicholson, May 9. J. S. VVilliford to Kate Moore, July 5. A. D. Cheney to Mary Elder, October 16. VV. C. Davis to Olivia Cobb, November 21. A. 0. Harper to Eugenia Long, December 6.

493

1889. H. Key Milner to Helen Bishop, February 14. "\V. J. Smith to Ida Wingfield, April 3. John A. Benedict to Mary Coates, October 31.

1890. A. P. Henley to Mary Lou Crawford, February 13. S. G. McLendon to Emily Hamilton, February 19. M. K. Layton to Mollie Dobbs, April 23.

E<'red S. Morton to Rqberta Latimer, July 9.

/

H. C. Orr t~-~C_arr, Jnly 15.

A. 'L. Franklin to Leila Chandler, December 2.

G. F. Hunnicutt to ~Iay Bernard, December 10.

Clarence 0. Adams tr_, Alic~ Beusse, December 17.

Geo. A. Riviere to Ruby Thurmond, December 23.

189~-

Frank ,J. Myers to Sophie Stern, .January 28. Charles M. Snelling to Matilda Morton, June 18. W. A. Kennon to Mattie Grady, June 25.
A. A. Lipscomb to Lamar Rutherford, August ui.
J. N. Williamson to Kate Wingfield, September 23. 1892.
-C. A. Rowland to Effie Hampton, May 12.

C. G. Talmadge to Mary C. Bishop, May 23. A. H. Hodgson to Sallie Paine, August 10. H. J. Swartz to Ida Ritch, August 15. E. J. Bondurant to Martha Moss, October 13.

E. D. Sledge to Mary Newton Cobb, October 26. J. F. McGowan to Meta Charbonnier, November 9.

1893. Charles H. Newton to Lula Bryan, January 11. W. W. Turner to Be.lle Lane, Jauuary 18. Charles I. Mell to Mary B. Dougherty, Anril 5. John A. Deari"~g to Jennie Duke, August 2. E. P. Fears to Leila Parr, September 7.

T. V.f. Reed to Euuice \Villiams, September :::0.

9,:.

494

A. H. Allen to Mary Ella Noble, October 11.

W. D. Ellis, Jr., to Blanche Lipscomb, October 18.

1~94.

Aaron Cohen to Sarah Stern, January 24.

A. E. Thornton to Bessie Cohen, April 16.

E. W. Wade to Jessie Burbank, May 23.

E. Ingersoll Wade to Mary Magruder, June 19.

W. R. Lipscomb to Maggie Talmadge, October 10.

C. M. Strahan to Margaret Basinger, OCtober 30.

P. C. Buffiington to Pauline Harris, November 21.

E. W. Charbonnier to Newton McCraw, Decem-

ber 12.



W. D. Hooper to Florence Herty, December 20.

1895.

W. C. Cox to Annie Hodgson, January 17.

Henry L. Francis to Maude Talmadge, April 24.

Charles A. Talmadge to Justine Erwin, June 6.

R. W. Sizer to Clara L. 'Lyle, July 17.

Fred L. Davis to Mattie Barnard, September 5.

M. M. Arnold to Lizzie Abney, November 14.

Franlr Harwell to Ruth Lovejoy, December 11.

H. J. Rowe to Ada O':B'arrell, December 1R.

C. H. Herty to Sophie Schaller, December 23.

1896.

J. E. Talmadge, Jr., to Olivia Bloomfield, April 29.

H. H. Steiner to Lucile Barnes, February 23.

C. D. Cox to Mary L. Hunter, February 26.

L. E. Pellew to Sallie Cohen, November 4.

Fred Morris to Katie Dorsey, November 4.

J. W. Morton to Mary Lou Hinton, November 11.

W. D. Christy to Ida Summey, November 11.

E. B. Me1l to Belle Witcher, December 23.

1897.

S. M. Herrington to Mattie Lowe, June 17.

W. A. Delph to Nathalie Chandler, July 1.

I\

ll

L

l'

495
T. A. Burke to Moselle 'Lyndon, November 10. VV. A. Chastain to Ella V. Dobbs, November 30.
~898.
Natha,n P. Cox to Maud A. Parker, February 9. E. H. Youngkin to Leona Williams, April 20. W. E. Love to YLilly Mandeville, June 6. Geo. S. Crane to Hallie Watkins, June 15. H. V. Head to Leila McMahan, October 5. G. H. Thornton to Lottie P. Jackson, October 26.
1899. C. N. Hodgson to Irene Powell, January 1. W. B. Kent to Senie Griffeth, February 22. R. B. Nally to Daisy Hudson, June 7.
Copyright, 1907, by A. L. Hull.