1-\ I ; ' ' -I~- I , -~ \' (!Iuuteuta. CHAPTER I. Selection of site of the University. Descrip- tion Easley's reservation. Athens in 1803. First sale of lots. Early settlers. Houses built in 1820-30. CHAPTER II. Organization of the University. Land values. The Tugalo tract. The first Facnlty. Old college. Plat of Ca1npus. First commentement. Programme of 1814. Election of Dr. Waddell. CHAPTER III. ~ ....... .Pt.~.r"' Dr Wright. Dr. Neisler. Mrs. Lucy Cary. Mrs. Dougherty. Mrs. McKigney. Rev. Hope Hull. CHAPTER IV. Camp meetings. Hull's Meeting House. Tra1l Creek Church. Mrs. Sarah King. Judge Clayton. Dr. Waddell. Dr. James Tinsley. CHAPTER v. Col. John A. Cobb. Thomas Hamilton. James Meriwether. Muster day. Cherokee Indians. Expected attack. False alarm. CHAPTER VI. Sanruel Wier. The Teainster&. First cotton. Bathing place. Early newspapers. 1 rl f // CHAPTCR VII. Introduction. Early papers. 1\dvertisements. First l\1issionary Society. President Meigs. Trouble with the Trustees. Fatnily incidents. CnAPTBR VIII. Athens incorporated. Taxes. The town in I8JO. Canebrake on Broad Street. 1--Iotels. Athens Acaden'l;y. Georgia Railroad. Georgia Factory. Athens Factory. Princeton Factory. Population. CHAPTER IX. The tariff. ::\1orning go\\'llS. Dr. 1---Ienry Jackson. Stewards I-Iall. Corntnons. ()1(1 cernetery. Cold weather. New college burned. Payn1ent of funds by Legislature. ~_College rebuilt. Sarn- ud Tenney. Rev. Jno. F. \iVallis. Alhon Chase. Thomas Bishop. CnAPTJ:R X. Jmprovetncnts and new citizens. San1 Frost. John I Joward Payne. The J---Iardcns. The 1-Iillyers. Conclce's Bancl. Dr. X athan Hoyt. CrL\PTER Xl. Troup and Clarke parties. Clarke tDen appoinled Trustees. Public speaking. Defying the L~. S. Supren1e Court. Panic of 1837. Death of Oliver H. Prince. May party. Self reliance of the people. ()ld Tow11 Hall. La,vs controlling slaves. v CHAPTF.R XII. John I-f. ~ C"\Yton. }farrison freshet. Dr. lVIoscs \ Vaddcll. College 1nilitary. CJL\l'Tt:l{ X lii. Georgia Railroad. 1\'ight trains discontint\ed. Building in Cobbhan1. Sale of Broad Street lots. Sale of lots on Jackson and Ltunpkin Stteets. New hotels and chnrches. ~athan I--Iolb1ook. Building on l:lancock ..:\venue. C(ew hou~t~ 011 I >rince ;\_ vcnne. Cu"\l'TJ~H- XIV . .~\ wedding in 1842. John Kirkpatrick. \:Villlam L . .:\1itc1Jcl1. Eliznr L. Kewton. Dr. Ed\vanl R. \Varc. CE!AP'l'ER X\/. Confectioners. Streets and locations. T. Addison Richanls. .\fay Party at \V. C. Richards school. Dancing schooL French boan1ing house. DL \Varcl. notanical Garden. JohJ1 Jacob~s Flournoy. Judge() . .:\. Lochrane. Cl-JAvn:R XVI. ~[aclamc Gouvain. 1\Tr. Linebaugh. \V. 1-l. Dorse~-. C)ld J ~illy ~ahers. CH.\l''l'BR XVTII. Sale of lots on .:\fillcdge .[\venue. Gas \,Vo1ks. The HannlecLI-Ionsc. Drowning of Frank Bryan. :~~hcn_s l~onnd~ Fire C01npanies. Presbyterian. uapttSl ana Ep1scopa1 churches. Dr. _Henderson. ()conee Ce1neterv. P11blic an1usen1.et1ts in tl1e To\vn 1--lall. . CnAPTr:R XVIII. Con1n1encement day. The Toon1bs oak. Hog killing tin1e. The old plantation. The Dericott negroes. Rilly and Davy. Other negroes. Cr-L\P'l'J!R XIX. Independence of Athenians. Doys schools. :fdiss En1ily Witherspoon. Girls school. Luc\' Cobb Institute. Dr. ~AJonzo Church. 1v1rs. Lc Conte and Nirs. Craig. CHAPTER XX. T-'rofessor McCay. Professors LeConte, Broun Brown and \ 1enable. Dr. Brantley. CHAPTER XXI. Richard l\talcoln< Johnston. Col. John Billups. Joseph J-Ienry Lurnpkin. Wilson Ltunpkin. Dr. Richard D. Moore. T\1rs. Gully. Joe Keno. CHAPTER XXII. Asbury Hull. Dr. Henry Hull. G. W. Barber. Howell Cobb. Thomas R. R. Cobb. CrrAPTrm XXIII. l\1ilitary con1panies. Georgia Guards. Wn1. E. Jones. Gen. Burwell Pope. Ben Perley Poore.. Clarke Cavalry. Athens Guards. Troup .-\rtillery. Captain Lombard. i\. A. Franklin Hill CHAl'TBR XXIV. The Abolitionists. Election of Mr. Lincoln. Suspicious characters. Thos. R. R. Cobb's speech. Secession Convention. Secession of Georgia. CHAP1'ER XXV. 1-\thens in the Provisional Congress. Belief vii that there would be no war. Confederate Flag. Supplies furnished to soldiers. Subscription to loan. CHAPTER XXVI. Troup .l\_rtillery:. Leaving Athens. In Virginia. Casualtie.s and losses in battle. Survivors. Tugalo Blues. Banks County Guards. CHAPTER XXVII. Athens Guards. Casualties and losses in battle. Clarke County Rifles. Casualties and battles. CHAPTER XXVIII. Georgia Troopers. Cobb's Legion Cavalry. Battles and casualties. Capt. J. E. Ritch's com- pany. Me11 Rifles. Camak's contpany. Losses. CHAP'rER XXIX. Johnson Guards. Battles. Losses and casualtie_s., I.:::fighland Guards. Major Grady. Losses in battle. CHAPTER XXX. !--:lotne Guards companies. Luntpkin's Battery. Oconee Rangers. Geu. I-Iorace Capron at Princeton. Lipscomb Volunteers. Other volunteers. CI-IAn'J(R XXXI. Table of casualties. Percentage of losse.s. Officers from Athens. Cobb's Legion. Cobb'~ Brigade at Crantpton's Gap. At Fredericksburg. Troup Artillery. Dick Saye. Cobb Legion Cav-alry at Brandy Station. VVillie Church. Colonel Deloney. Cu.\PTnR XXXII. Profcss()l- VvTash. \i\~'illie Chase. l\Iajor Grady. Gen. l\1. L. Smith. At New Orleans. Defense of Vick.sburg. 1\_ttack on Hancock. Lines at Spottsylvania. Cl-L\PTI:R XXXIII. .Athenians at hon1e. liard tin1es. Ladies' ;'\iU ~. Society. ~~Iajor Ferdinand Cook. Georgia Rangers. Davis 1..-ight Cnarcls. :Ylob law. 1-fanging of a negro. Nevvs froTn the front. Res(,u!ce~ at h01ne. Substitutes for necessities. \\rar titne prices. CH.\l'"l'JC:R XXXIV. Refugee;;. Entertainn1ents. Fall of Chat<.a nooga. Camping around R0111e and Savanna!~. CoL Andre'\v Y'oung and Nfrs. Dr. :,)rr. StnneI11an's Raiders. Yankee prison<:::-:-.. -::\_ bo11b proof skulker. Gen. A. W. Revno1d.s. CIL\PTF,R XXXV. The l\Iitchcll Thunderholis. CIL\PTJ.:R XXXVI. The double barrelled cannon. Th; tree wh;ch owns itself. The fire engine which was barneJ. Cr-rAvrER XXXVTT. The anie-bel1ttn1 negro slave. At honre aJJd on the plantation. Their fidelity. \1mt Ectty. Drifted away. CHAPTER XXXVIII. Peace. The return home. A view of :\t~~ns I' t ix in 1865. Raid on the con1rnissary stores. Feclc..ral cavalry invade Athens, and rob awJ plnnd~r. Letter fl"Olll .Yirs. ~{ell. CH.\l''!'I~R XXXIX. FedeJ-al garrison. Penalties for negroe.-;. rqrty acres and a n1ule. The ladies and the -\1.nkee-s. Proclan1ation of Provost ~J arshaL ji.1 Saye and the .0.1ajor. Attack on George :;\L:;on. Can1pt1s evac\ate-d. CoP ~ederate archi ~s. Eu Talmac;e killed. S111all pox. John Yar Jrough. Cotton. Xational Bank. Circl1S. SchG Js. College opens. CTIAP'l'l:R XL. Uro<-' St1eet in 1 8()(). Deputy :!\if arshal ShiJ"ley. C ::1 Crady house. ?vJerchants. Town Spring. The streets and sidev.,ralks. Bathing places. ~obbhan1. The reaction. ~/Ien1orial Day. Re val in relig-ion and business. Deaths. Reconstn1l ion. 1\1at Davis. CHAP'l'I~R XLI. Kn Klux .::::Ian. Killing of A1f Richardson. The Ku Kin_ and 11yer Stern. Albert Cox':; speech. Gen. ~ope's order. The n1ilitary satraps. Tom Fr. '\son and Knox. HAPTU< XLII. Sales of real et-\te. Taxable property. Building the Deupree l'~ck Henry :Hl111, Jr. Death of Howell Cobb. '~m. Hope Hull, L. J. Lampkin. F. W . .\.dams.-~\ 1.-Iary's Church. ~ \ \ L_\_ - X CHAPTER XLIII. Southern Cultivator. \Vheat Club. John 1'-. ]\~'Ieeker's farm and failure. Turnip greens on the Carnp-us. Tourna111ent en cheval. Crowning th~; Queen. CHAPTER XLIV. Ladies ..\1ernoria1 Association. Street Railro~d. Moore College. l\f. B. McGinty. Early prayers abolished. Prof. \iVash. Athens Guards. CLtbs. Richard Schevenell. ti'own ball. Foot ball. lJabe Crane. Base ball. CHAPTER XLV. Pioneer l-Iook and Ladder. Christening ~ruck~. Circus and shows. t../Hreq.king dirt for North Eastern Rairoad. Ferro Lithic Spring N. E. R. R. Changes by railroads. The bigguUy. CHAPTER XLVI. Northeast Georgia County fair. i\ Juel. Sales /of real estate. l\!Iayor Ik1'1rl1 by 'Qr_ tijmry 1i.nll. In offering these sketches in their present shape, it would be proper for the Editor to say_ Lhat they were for the n1ost part first published in the Southcr!l Watchman in 1879, but having been "\vritten ''to \vhile away in idle hour," no regard was had to an-angernent of subjects or conS('CUtiveness of details. Jt was therefore the task and pkasurc of the Editor to arrange them. rnorc systematically in point of ti1ne and snbject, including son1c skdche,-: hitherto unpublished, and present then~ in a more pennancnt forn1 than as newspaper contribulions. To none who knew D1-. Hull need it be told, that for seventy-eight years he lived in Athens, a part of that titne snstaining towards n1any in the con1n1unity, the inti1nate rclalions of a fatnily physician, and kno,vn and respected by all. The people of tbe city, he has known for generaLio~Is back, and no one perhaps was so \\'ell fitted as he to vvrite the annals of the place. Unfortunately, the skelches do not extend later than J 825. There is no pretense of con1pleteness in this work as a l-Iistory of Athens for the titne; bttt it consisls of personal observations of the writer, coupled with well authenticated traditions xiv of the place. Many things of interest and valu:.::, were he yet alive, n1ight the writer add frotn a tnetnory green and tnind well stored with fact and fancy. Perhaps some other hand trenutlo1h with age will take up the thread and weave the story out. ~~Jthcns~ Ga.~ January~ 1884. A. L. H. 1 i\nuula nf i\tqrua. ~rnrgtu. CHAPTER I. In the year 1801 the Senatus Academicus, cmnposed of the Governor, the State Senate antl the Board of Trustees of the University of Georgia, being Stirred to action by public con1plaints of their neglect of that institution, which had hitherto existed only on paper, met at Louisville, the then Capital of the State, and appointed a committee to select a site in Jackson County for its location. The Con1n1ittee consisting of John Milledge, Abram Baldwin, George Walton, ],Jim Twiggs and Hugh Lawson, in the latter part of June, of that year, met at Billups' Tavern-on the Lexington road-and thence made tours of inspection to various locations. The Aug:.uta Chronicle~ of July 2oth, I80I, teils ns tha~ "tht: Cmntnittee repaired to the county of Jackson and proceeded with attention and deliberation tu ex.u11ine a t111111ber of sitn<'ltions as well. upon th~ i!""C:l:ts belonging t'~ t!1..:: Unh~c::.-5-oity a:'> ur.-un uther3 of private individuals. Having con1pleted their views, they proceeded by ballot to make the choice, when the vote was unanimous in favor of a place belonging to J\1r. Daniel Easley, at the Cedar Shoals, upon the North Fork of the Oconee River. and the san:1c was resolved to b~ selected and chosen for the scat of the University ?f Ceorgia. For this purpose the t~ct contain- tug fi33 acres V:a~ urchased of :Ylr. Easley by ~I r. ::\'li!leclge:.... ~nc \:" t the Conunitte_e, and n1adc a donatwn of tatjl.E!'- fr ~ek and tt was called Athens. ~.._..-- """ ''The river at ~\thens is about 1so feet broad; its waters rapid in their descent and has no low grounds. The site uf the Cuivcrsity is on the r-L(:: South side and a balf n>ile fron1 ibe 1iver. Abou1 200 yards frotn the site, and 300 feet above: the tiver, in the rnidst of an extensive bed of rock issues a copious spring of excellent water, and in its n1eandcrings to the rivet several others .Otrc discovered. Un the place is a llC\\-' we?ll built han1ed dwelling house, entirely equal io the a':- cmnln(xlation of the President and his fan1il y. There is also another new house equal to a tenl porary schoolrootn. The square of the L,.nive;_- sity containing 36)/:S acres is laid off so as to conlprl'liend the site, the houses and the spring. /\ stt-cet is laid off upon the? northern line of the squat-c adjoining a village of lots in that direc- tion. Uesidcs the spring in the SCJUate, which: is convenient to the village, there ls one in the .-:ireet and another back of the lots. ~;car Ath- ens, l\1r. Easley has an excellent flour mill, a saw and cointDon gt-ist tnill, with intention to add a cotton tnachine. To drive these, the rapids 3 opposite 1\thens are slightly dammed so as the ordinary supply of the river neither increases nor ditninishes the size of the pond. Besides the lesser fish of fresh waters, the shad in the1r season, ascend the river as high as Athens in great perfection." The area purchased by Gov. Milledge, ex- tended fron1. a point at the head of Cemetery Street along Baldwin west to Pope Street, thence to Vonderlieth's vineyard, thence out to Mrs. Hudgin's, thence in a long broken line northward far across Prince A_venue and eastward to the river. Mr. Daniel Easley reserved a portion of the tract, bounded by a line beginning at a point on the river a little below the upper bridge, run- ning thence to a point not far frotn Mrs. Dorsey'~ house, thence between ?\.1r. E. R. Hodgson's* anrl // the Town Spring, across the spring branch. thence to the point on Baldwin Street above the Factory. This reservation he sold in lots, of shapes and sizes to suit the tastes and purposes of purchasers, securing to himself the right to keep up his tnill-dam and a toll bridge. He f' owned most of the land about Athens, on both sides of the river. He built and lived in the NOTE-'l'he reader will bear in n1ind that these sketches were "'ritteu thirty-five years ago, since "'hich tin1e n1any changes of residence have taken place. A. L. H. "-This house is still standing on Oconee Street just below the cot- ton 'W"arehotlse. lloUgson house till he sold it to 1ny father, Rev. Bope Hull, in r803, after which he 1noved acro~s the river. ::\ly earliest recollections uf Athens date fron1 the year 1803. 1 well rem.e1nber yyhen rny ather, with his family, a few servants and household goods stopped at this house-how interested l was in a flock of goats which vere browsing on the opposite hillside. The n1.ost thickly settled portion of the village then was bet\\~een our hous~ and the river. There were two so-called stores, ()1Je (m the lot adjoining ours, kept by a :f./!1. I Oack, and the other in11nedlatel~ opposite by Capt. \Yarhan1 Easley. \Yhile cake sltops, grog shops. a blacksmith and tailor shop, with cabins and shanties, occupied the space to the river. '!'his \\as the village referred to in the Augusta ChroJliclc. The Old College was just completed and \Vas occupied by a few students. The President:''!. honse--a story and a half-the same 1nentione;f in the extract quoted above, stood where Dr. .\Jell's house is, and the other new house wldcll was "e(lttal to a te1np'. ~,~-~" . <~ ~: - 6 "I\To. 1 ,3, ..\1rs. ?vlathe\vs' square, to D;:tvid Allen for $so. 1\To. r6, Fro1n Lun1pkin Street, half way the square, to Allen for $70. .i'\o. 17, East half the square to College :'\venue for $roo. ~To. 18, Uet\veen College ;-\venue and Jackson Street, io ,-\ddin Le\vis. ~-:-o. ro, The old bank lot, to Dr. Cowan for $ros. !\To. zo, The Clayton Ioi, to ::VIr. I-Iayes. i'\os. 31 and 22, Betv,:ecn 'l'hon1as and FoundrY Sireet, to Capt. Cary for $oo. ,\n old deed fron1 President Drown to Mrs. Lucy Cary dated in r8r r to half of Dr. I-Iull's lot for $31,shuv.rs that I--Iancock Avenue was at that tin1e called (~reen Street, and Doughert_'/ Street \Vas \Valton Street, while Thon1as Street was designated as ''~'\llcy ~o. z.' Fr01n r8o3 to r8ro the tovvn grew apace. On ~vlrs. J)orsey's lot siood a storehonse, with a stnall dv,.e11ing attached, belonging to Major Ferdinand Phinizy, of .L\.ugusta. On the adjoining- lot, westward, was a story and a half hewn log house, the only hotel in the village. lt con1priscd two roon"ls with a passage between and a shed with two or three beclroon1s on the first t1oor, as tnany on the second, and a piazza in front. It was kept by Capt. John Cary. Next to that was the store of Ivir. Stevens Thon1as, near the 1--:--esent Georgia I<-ailroad .i\_gency.* He vvas the principal tnerchant in the place, and for a long tin1e the only worthy the nan1e. .-\.bour the tin~e of which I write, he n1arried and built the house on the san1e lot recently taken down by Judgc Deupree. lt vvas then the rnost stylish ,- house in the place, and tbcrc his children were born, there he acctunulatcd his large fortune and there died. Two or three little shanties stood on the lot where Capt. Darry's stores are, but I do not remetnbcr their uses. On the site of the National Bank there stood a little Doctor's shop, about 1oxr2 feet, which with a snrall dwelling, opposite Dr. Sn1ith's,t '-VCre the only buildings on the squan~. The S(luare and houses were owned by Dr. VVright, the first village doctor. Still going \ves1warU, we find no houses on Uroad street, nntil we reach 1\tfrs. Deloney's~now greatly al- tered and enlarged. 'I'hat \\as built by an Eng- Eshnlan, na1nccl Allen, vvhosc daughter, l\!liss J-.1 arriet, taught in that house the first fen1ale school established in 1-\thens. Old ?vir. Allen was a quiet, retiring gentlem_an and considered th~ highest authority on all questions uf taste and horticulture. *North side Broad :Stn:ccl, lwhv.. e1 c the handson1eSt in the to\vn. Dr. S1nith's hous,~ was built by ""\.ddin Lewis, who carne f>:OlD Connecticut with President lVIeigs, and was for son1e years the only Professor in the Collcg~. Lewis was appointed Collector of the Port at lviobilc by \iV1n. 11. Crawford, when Secretarv of the Treasury, and was jn office when Gcncrai J acksun was elected President. l-Ie was a warrrl political and personal friend of Nlr. Crawford. and particularly friendly to General Jackson's administration. He received a cornmunication from \rVashington City, calling for inforn1atio1 t\V. n. Jackson's on Thomas Street. *R. K. Reaves ou 'l'honras Street. on several m.atters of importance to the Co vern ment, in which was this question, "l-fo\v far cloc~ the .\lahatna River run up into the State?" Lewis replied to this question, '''l'he ~\laban1:1 River does not run up at all; it runs dO'Zl'll. Tn a short time his succe;,~sor was appointed. Col. lsaac \Vilkcrson's house':' stands on the Easley~ reservation. lt was originally a ven' pretty cottage, built by a French gentletnan. na1'fic-d Couvain, and the g1ounds a1ouncl it \\Tre filled with ornanrental trees and beautiful shrub bery. lt was altogether the nrost attractive spot in the town and made additionally so by the presence of :\lonsieur Gouvain's two beautiful nieces, who \vitb their n1other, -:\Iaclatne T'ancy lived with hint. The place ptesents none of it:; fonne1 beauty. The original cottage has been added to ~ncl built aronnd. and the shrubbery and trees have been so destroyed that it would be difficult now to imagine what a pretty place it was sixty-five years ago. l"or a long titne in later years it \Vas the home of that venerable and venerated lacly Je stands, built by Col. Thaddeus }Jolt. in which Lis five sons kept bachelor's hall whilst they we1e students in the t:niversity, and a sn~all house on the corner of .:.\lrs. Vincent's lot, built in 181<;. 'The house of l\Jr. Jonathan Hampton't was oc- cupied at that ti1ne by a ~'f rs. Jones, \vhose two daughters and nieces 1nade it a most clelightfni place to spend an evening. nut this was in th<.-' country and never a town lot. These with DL I-Iull's c01nprised all of the houses \Vest of Col- II lege Avenue and north of I-Iancock .:\venue. \-vithin a n1ile of the College. The first building of any note after this tin1c was the Dougherty place, built by Col. ~icho.la.s VVare, one of the Board of Trustees and a n1enl- ber of Congress. T-Ie had four sons to be edu- cated and moved to Athens for that purpose, but died a few tnonths afterwards. That lot -...va" considered the first choice of all and was held at the highest price for town lots. I cannot ren1cm- *Hod_l!son btt lding- opoosite Southern :>.rutuai office. tJ. 1'. Fears' hm1.~e on~- Ltlll11Jkin Street. 13 bcr the order in \vhich houses were built after this. T'hc brightening prospects of the Cniversity emcl a gTO\Ying desire to educate their children brought tnany substantial families to increase the population. There was a great demand fn~ carpenters and building material, and a live Yankee na1necl Peck, frorn Vennont \vith thn::~ of four sons and several kinsm.en, all active carpenters, were irnported, \Vho astonished tbe natives by the rapidity of their work. They built ~Ir. John 1-:f. :1'\ewton's and the Dougheny houses and the l\Icthodist Church as it first stood. They built Col. IIardernan's house for Dr. Church, and 1\Ir. Jas. IZ. Carlton's for \Villiam J\Ioorc-(one c)f Gov. Cilm.er's Broad River folks in the Georgians.) Other houses were erected at the sarnc tirr1e; "!\Irs. Turner's for Dr. J as. Nisbet, l\IIr. \Veatherly's for ?doses Dobbins. long the Rector of the Grann-nar School. The house which Dr. Ware replaced with his handsome residence, was built for }\'Ir. Ebenezer X cwton, ~Iajor Lamar Cobb's for 1\'Ir. i'\.lfred Nisbet, Mrs. Vincent's for 1VIr. Hancock, 2\'Irs. Daynon's for \Vright Rogers, :0.lrs. Ada1ns' for .[..!frs. Foster, ).'frs. Bradford's for Dr. ICing frmn Greene county, lVfr. Thos. Cra\vford's for John Bird, Judge Hillyer's for Dr. A. D. Linton, and Mr. F. W. Lucas' for ~1r. John Nisbet. Andrew Graharn, from North Carolina, erected 14 what was then the largest store in town, on th~ National Bank corner and becatne the first serious rival of l\1r. Thon"las for public patronage. The piazza in front of his store becarne the Cit_,, Exchange where all classes of citizens asscn1~led to discuss the affairs of the nation, state, town and college or talk politics, religion, philosophy and farn1ing. Craha1n's was the place to go to if you \Vished to rneet con"lpany in generai or see any one in particular. lVIr. Grahan1 was a fat amiable old bachelor weighing about 350 lbs. J--fe prospered in business and bought the house and lot now owned by Dr. R. 11. Stnith, but in a few years died of apoplexy. _:\Ir. Peyton ).[oore's house \Yas built by ~lr. Paul Coalson, a graduate of r822. ::\Ir. \Viley Sledge, still retnarkable at the age of 86 for hl-; ~trength and activity, n1ade the first im_proveme11t on Gen. F'rierson's lot. On the san1e square, corner of Dougherty and Thcnnas Streets, a srna!l house \\'as built by Osborne Gathright, a Yirginian, a jack at all trades and certainly good at none. I-Ie could n1ake a \'.:agon 01- a wheelbarrow, build a house and paint it. I--Iis tnain trade was cabinet tnaking, and he boasted o his capacity as a n1ilhvrig-ht. J have no doubt he would have undertaken to build a cotton factory if called upon. but unfortunately for his reputation his works generally fell to piece before n1nch use could be n1ade of then1. ffe wa'3 15 patient under any arnount of abuse. Ivfajor \Valker once saiu to him "Gathright, you are a worthless, lying puppy!" "Never tnind Nlajor," said Gathright, "you will be sorry for that when I get to be the 111ost popular man in town.'' l-Ie sued a citizen in a ~/lagistrate's court, who offered son1e notes of the plaintiff as an offset. ").{ay it please your honor," said Gath, pleading his own case "let hin1. offer these notes, and he can't get a n1an in .AthetlS to give a red ,ent for them, and there's no justice in tnaking tne take notes in paynnent of a just debt which no other rnan would have.' Tlle house across 'rhon1as Street was built by Capt. Vim. B. Taylor for a kitchen; the Captain can1e to Athens fron1 Richinoncl, Va., laboring under the hallucination, co1nn1on to most Virginians of that day, that sin1ply cmning to Georgia would 111ake thern rich> and the first thing they did was to n1ake arrangernents to spend the n1oney they expected to come into their hands. Capt. Taylor, a good and amiable man, like 1nany others, was disappointed in his coming funds and never built his projected palatial residence. 1Ie lived in his kitchen as long as means enabled him, then sold his lot, and the kitchen rernains to this day. The Female Acadc1ny lot was given by the Trustees of the University, and the title confirmed by Legislative grant, to the Trustees of the 16 .\.caden1y. The house was built by private contribution. The house occupied by .:\Irs. Sparks was built by Prof. Jno. R. Golding; Dr. Hoyt's house by Mrs. Baldwin, Capt. Barry's, l\fr. Scudder's and the Coppee houses \Ycre all built by Dr. Tinsley. The late .l'virs. 1-Iodgson's honse, bclo\.V the carriage shops, was first the horne of Sterling Lane, son of old Jonathan Lane, one of the fir~t white 1nen living west of the Oconee River. Sterling Lane was a young man of fine p1om.ise. l-Ie read law with :!\IL Upson, of Lexington, and was ad111itted to the bar, but prcterred c0111lnerce to the law and after building a hon1c and a prosperous business clicd in 1820 of typhus fever, universally regretted. His father plantc:l the large cedars in the yard when they were 1nere S\vitcbes. _:_ur. \Vil1lan1 Lurnpkin aftcr\vards bought the house and lived there for n1an_v years. CHAPTER II. I- ac1es in the State of South Carolina .. The line between Georgia andSouth Carolinot was the northern bank of the Savannah Ri\ er at high 'vater, frorn its n1outh to its intcrsectirtnnity to present the claims of the University OI,D COLLEGE--THE OLDEST BUILnn;G IX ATHENS 21 until th~ J..,egislaturc adjourned. Uef01e its next meeting the lands were sold. The incon1c of the Cnive1sity was deriveU ftont the rents of land g-ranted to it by the state and as land v..'as very cheap none Lnt the poorest as a rule (an.(l tbcy \\ere poor because they vvere lazy', reated then1; conse{ll1Clltly the incon1e \vas small and very uncertain. )..1r .. ~/Icigs was appointeU president upon exam.ination" at a sala1y of ftfteen hundred dollars, and four hunclt-cd dollars to pay the expenses of removal to ..:-\thcns. The following year, upon lJis arrival and introduction h1 the tn1stccs, tbey directed }lr. :\lcigs to erect on: or more log buildings fm tl1c college, and requested hin1 to teach until enough students .shonld al.tend to authorize the employment of a tutoL The sut-rounding-s were nnpromisiug. hut not1J.ing daunted, President _;_\_] cig:..: set to ,,.ork with zeal and vigor to organize a school in th~ \vooUs. J-Te had a clearing 111aclc f01 the calllpns, :-> streel was laid out, lots were staked off and rl tuwn projected. Several citizens frotn other pari.; of the State, atnong- thetn the Rev. I-Iopc I-lu11, came \\ ith theit- families and settled in the Yillage. Tltc Trustees borro\,:ed t]yc thoue;'l11(1 dollars on a 111ortgagc and thus n:-enforced, ordered the erection of the 1-nick building which still stands. 22 the earliest n1onurnent of their efforts, and kncnvn to every student as "Old College." The difficulties of building would now be 8 thought almost insunnountable. Litne cost $ro \ a cask and nails were proportionately high. Doth had to be hauled in wagons frorn 1\ugusta. nrick 1nacle five n1iles away cost $7.50 per thou- 1 sand and $4 111ore for laying thetn. All building l\ 1naterial was difficult to get and n1echanics' labor vas extren1ely unreliable. The contract for bnilding Old College was let to Captain John Billups, at "\Vhose "'tavern" the Comrnittee had n1et to locate the University. .?vir. Easley built the president's ho11se; and the fran1e school- roon'l cost, completed, $r887.27. ln spite of all difficulties, however, the in- stitution grew. In Novetnber, r8o3, President IVIeigs reported to the board that "'three dwelling honses, three stores and a nun1ber of other valu- able buildings have been erected on Front Street. 'f'he students, citizens and inhabitants of ;\then-:; have been re111arkably healthy during the year, and the spring has not failed as to quantity of water, but rather increased. The nun1ber o students has been between thirty and thirty-five. 'rwelve young gentlernen compose the senio~ class. They are pursuing with la11dable a1nbition and singular industry a course of reading, study and acadetnic exercises, and it is believed by the first of .:\..1a.y next they will n1erit the first degree 23 usually conferred in all regular collegiate cstabEshn1ents. In 1803, 1-Iope Hull, Thon1as P. Carnes and John Clarke were apointcd a "Prudential Committee" of the .trustees, a standing cornn1ittee upon which q devolved the duty of acting for the Board in case of erncrgcncy and of advising with the President at all ti111es in the interest of the college. A Gran11nar School was established too, with Rev. John l-Iodge as 1naster, who was afterwards for a long time the Secretary of the Tru~1ecs. The gran1n1ar school was for n1any years .a valuable adjunct to the college in preparing boys ior the higher classes. It was the outcorne oi President J.\T cigs' cotnplaint that there were so few acaden-velconlc to it; but sir, wlien yon knock up a scientific n1an at Iniclnight you nn1st expect to pay for it." Rest in peace, bdovcd teacher and friend . .~_\Irs. Lucy Cary. the wido\v of Dudley Cary, of C1ouccstcr, \-a.. \Yas among the earliest Selt.lers of ~-\thens. She \vas such a lacly as "\VC 111ay suppose :!\Iary \Vashington to haye been. She knew Ceneral \Vashington and his \Yife a~ well as most other distinguished Virginians in her youn<..; days. J-fer n1annets \Yere forn1ed fron1 the best models of Virginia soc-iety-gentle, coutteous, cltgnified, cheerful--a~ kind to one of her slaves as to a \\bite person of the ~ame age: and the result was that her slaves not only loved un precepis. and was regard~ cd by all as a ''n1oiher in Israel." .'\fier :I:viajor Dougherty's death she tnoved from the plantation to a house on the lot now occupied by her granddaughter, IVIrs. Nat Barnard. ?\Irs. Puryear's eldest daughter 111arried .:.Hajor lUcl<.igncy who bought Capiain Cary's old hotel, and who found in his young wife an industrious energetic helper in providing for the con1fort of his boarders . .F-Ie was an an"liable and prosperous rnan and 1nuch esteen1ed, but died three or four years after his 111arriagc, leaving his wife with two children. One of these, Rebecca, was lTiar- niiecl to Judge ]an1es l\lcrri-...vether, long a lnembcr o ihe 1,..egislature and of Congress. Mrs. ::\fc!-(igney aftenYarcls 1narried Captain Sarnucl nrown. If Jove goes by contrast it 1nay account for l\1rs. ::\ IcK.igney 1narrying Captain Drown. ,I 1 Ic was a 1nan of good habits but utterly \vantin.; in enterprise, took life easily and \vas the rnost taciturn of n1cn. I--Ie was the ::\1agistr3.tf' of rh~ .1\ thens f)istrict for rnany years and gave general satisfaction. It was of course in1possib~e t(_1 plc~8e everybody, and occassionally exceptir)J!S \\"ere taken to his decisions. "I never expec.LeJ jqsticc in this court" said a litigant once. "You didn't!" said the Captain, "then sir, I"ll sen1l y~'))l '"here you can get justice," and so bound hi1n over requiring hitn to give bond or go to jail. He was said to be rather partial to that process arising 39 perhaps~frotD a n1oclcst estimate of his knowledge of the law. Some surprise was expressed at 1\Irs. McKigney n~arrying Captain Bro\vn, to which she replied that she had found it very inconvcnient to live without a man about the house and she tho11gl1t she could n1anage a husband better than 3.nybody else. Captain Drown besides enlarging his hotel built a stT1~11 store on the conH.T \\here Center & L\..C'avcs' now stands, and supplying it with a general stock, en1ployecl John l~uyers as clerk. Buyers was as old, as taciturn as his en1ployer, and several degrees more indolent. Mrs. Bro-wn \vas at one titne afHictcd \vith u1cers on her hands. ;\ftcr r. ...-\_bbott, who held him in the highest ;e..-timl.at.iap and made unusual effoi-ts to introduce him into his own extensive practice. But Tinsley was erratic and defied the conventional rules of praclice of 1nedicine and of society, and in a year or two, in 1820, Dr. Abbott, who was an influential member of the Board of Trustees, procured for him the Professorship of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy in Franklin 5S College. I-Ie was totally unqualified for the chair, but his friends thottght that the wondet-ful pcnver of his intellect would overcmne his want oi training and enable hin~ to sustain himself. Dr. Tinsley hO\YCver could not endure the quiet routine of College life and after hvo years of irksmne restraint, resigned. lie was a man of wonderful phy.<:.ical streng-th. J-Iis weig-ht \vas never more than J()o pounds, his head large, hi .., eyes very blad-e ancl piercing; beard black and curling; shoulders broad and chest wide and deep. In spite of this, ho\-Ycver, he "\Yas subject to violent and alanning henmwrhages frotn the lungs. On account of this solitary weakness he exp,>secl himse-1 r to tl1e tno.st inclement weather without overcoat, wnbt-ella or any prote-ction fron1 a wintry blast, rain, or sun1tner's sun, vvith Ius shirt collar and bo.son1 open and often without a hat. 1-1 c .said he clicl this because he had observed that the rnen afflicted as he \\ a.s hy nnrsing tben1selves, alv:ays grew \>~.:orsc and cvenlual1;- died o{ consmnplicn, 'lvhich he dicl not n1ean to clo if he could help it. Dr. Tln.sley married a lady of ctdture and wealth, hut \Yithout extravagant living gradually became poot-et-, until all his estate \vas gone. f-Ie made the brick and huilt the De1nostbcnian fiall. and afterwards ::\Jr. Scudder'.s house-. which wac-. burned before it was uccupicd, but itmnecliatcly rebuilt by his great cnct-gy. lle tllen built the 59 Coppee house and Captain Darry's. He established an~d edited the Southern Cultivator and failed at it, and at one titne kept tavern. All this titne he practiced medicine after his fashion, althougH he never kept any tnedicine, depenclittg upon what he found in the fatnilies he visited, and never had a surgical instn1n1ent. The writet: was invited by' hin1 to witness the operation of lithotomy. which he perfonnecl successfully with the scalpel :-mel forceps of a pocket case ot instruments which he borro\ved for the occasion At another tirne the writer saw hin1 rcn1ove a large tt1111or fro111 a won1an with her husband's razor. Though affecting great contetnpt for the conventional rules of society he could act the courteous g-entlen1an with charn1iug grace. :\To man con1cl be n1ore agreeable or 1110re captious as the humor fonncl hin1. Though possess1ng great physical strength Dr. Tinsley's ten1per was such that he had few occ8.sions to exhibit iL /\_ bully of Sanely Creek district nmned Dailey he;~ring of Tinsley's won-dcrfnl strength, retnarkecl that he would be g-lad to ''feel of him.' This _was told the Doctor, who happening to 111eet naiJey ncar his house, accu~t ed him in a \cry friendly mauner and t.:Icl hin1 what he had heard. nailey achnitted the tatth. bnt had not intended any of-fence to the DoctClr. Tinsley assured hirn that he dicl not cmack VVells was keeper of the first livery stable in . \ thens, and chiefly through the influence of the students, \vho were required to perforrn militia duty, and to whon1 he freely extended credit in his line of business, was elected :\Iajor. :\Iuch elated by his prornotion, he ordered a battalion n1uster. The Major thought it prudent to assen1ble his soldiers in a retired part of the town. , 70 col npauy and '\Vas called into service a rnonth afterwards. Soon after another cotnpany .vas fonlled, both joining General Taylor's cmnmand and did good service at the battles of A..utosee and Calabec Swamp. These n1en attained a wonderful degree uf accuracy in rifle practice. For the greater part of them, one of the cornpany would nut hestitate to hold the target hetvveen his knees to he fired at fn)ITI the distance oi So or roo yards. 'T'hc Cherokee Indians, our ncar neighbors, "\\ere with few exceptions friendl_y, and althoug-h \\'C were within fifteen 1nilcs of their territory, no anxiety was felt nor danger apprehended and consequently no m_cans of repelling- aggrcs~,on, adopted. But about a year after the war had begt1 n our town was thro-wn into a state of dis~racting alarn1 by a runner who brought the in- f,)nnation that a pat-ty 0 [ rnd-ian \varriors had c rossecl the .\ palachee and attacked a farnil y murdering so111e of them, and taking v~'hatevcr they could carry a\v:'ly, had returned across the river. 'rhis news was received with general incredulity, but as the day advanced other persons con~ing frorn the neighborhood cunJirmecl the report of the nntrder, but said the nun1ber of !llarauders did not exceed ten or a dozen. Later in the day rumors were current that the party consisted of a hundred warriors; that the people I 71 of the settlement were ft)-ing in all directions; that the Indians so far fron1 retreating had vis;ted other plantations and were advancing towards ./\thens and that the attack upon the town would he made that n g-ht. Some of the men and all of the women.~ anc} children \.Vere in the greatest state of ahrm, and the students of the Colleg-e in the highest excitement. !\lr. 1'h01nas, Jnclge Clayton, Colonel Carnes. }'resident l~rown and others having carefully sifted the evidence catne to the conclusion that a few Indians, perhaps five or six, had n1ade an inroad, and after killing some tnembers of a farnily had retreated with the plunder as rapidly as they ca1ne and were probably h)' that tit11e on the west side of the Chattahoochee. They founcl it impossible. however, to allay the fears of the woinen, who of course believed that they were the special objects of the expected raid. So it was determined to i11vite all the wotnen and children of the town who desired to do :::o. to take refuge during the night in the College, which would be cheerfully vae<:.. ted by the students, v..rho under command of a suitable captain should keep g-uard over the building and its precious contents. Dr. \Villial1l Creen. the Professor of ~lathe matics. as brave an Irish1nan as ever left the Emerald Isle, }Jad n1ade the suggestion and was placed in cutnmand of the forces. B11t htely atTivecl in this country, the commander-in-chief 72 \\as totally ignorant of the Indians and their '> mode of warfare. 1-fc was therefore very rnuch excited and favo::ccl putting ourselves in the best possible state of defence. \Vc had no canaon, no block house. no brcastl\orks, no n1uskcts; so the citizens had to depend npon the students, who armed \Yith shot guns and a few l-ifles stood awaiting the fearful attack, by night, of a savage foe. Uut Dr. Green and the boys were tnastcrs of the situation, and the fair refugees con1rnitted themselves to their guardianship \\ith unfalter- ing faitl1 in their courage and devotion. Sc)Jnc of the ladies \\"Cllt into the College under ~criu-ns apprehensions of danger, others, and especially the younger, [or a frolic. Of these 1-efug-ecs. I knO\\. but one who is living now-one whose character is as lovely after tl1e frosts of seventy winters have whitened her locks as her person was beautiful and attractive when a girl. The students \\ould have shed their blood in her defeuce with infinite pleasure~ as they averred. I allude to that esti1nable lady, 1elict of ::'viajor Jacob Phinizy and n1other of Thorn.as M. Meri\H''ther. Esq., of Xewton county. No doubt she ..:till 1T1nen1bers that memorable night, the only ()J1e perhaps she ever 1-'assecl in a College for boys. Captain Green detailed a patrol around the College and established pickets at various points along the Jefferson road as far as Mr. Sam 73 \Vier's blacks1nith shop, yvhich was then where 1vlr. Xat Barnard lives. Uetween that and .;..Irs. Deloney's house was thick forest. The picket guards were relieved every two hours and it fell to the lyt o the writer, arn1cd "vith his father's shot gun,- loaded with buck shot, to stand guard at \Vier's shop, in cmnpany with two other boys, the last two hours of the night. VVe '"'-'ere charged to keep a-..vakc, for it was ever the ltabit of the Indians to make their attacks just bcfor~ day, and ours was the n~ost important post and the tnost dangerous titne. For a very short titnc we gazed up the road ; then the cxciten1cnt ::md fatigue of the day, the chilly night air and the attractive warn1th of a neighboring coal ldin, overcame our respect for orders and in less than ten minutes we -vvere all asleep. S01netime after day break ).Tr. \Vier cnvoke us, saying, that doubtless the Indians were afraid to attack such brave soldiers ancl vve 111ight as well return to caznp, which advice we itnmediately adopted. When we reached head(1uartcrs \ve found no soldiers. no officer to receive our report which we had prepared with considerable care. The College was evacuated, everybody seen1ecl asleep; a11d it seemed as if nobody cared whether the Indians had captured or killed us, so we dispersed to our hmnes in disgust. ..:\bout fifty years later when the \vriter in company with other Thunderbolts, stood for five hours at the ~1arkct IIouse await- 7+ ing the advance of Stoneman's Raiders, -..vith a double barrelled shot gun, loaded with tv.:ent_v-cight buckshot, he did not [eel as much like a soldier as on that other occasion at \Vier's shop. Cl-L\PTEl{ Vl. Sanmel \Vier Gltne to , \ thcns \vith nothing hut '' his wife, a set of Lbcksmith's tools and an in~ don1itablc dctermillation to lnakc a living. nut in that wife he had \\hat was more to him -chan tllonsands of tnonc_1. She was ver_\ hancbmnc. considerably above rnediun1 size, the picture of perfect health, \\ ith the r()sicst, ft-cshcst com~ plc.xion, which no cxposuce to \\ind or \VCatlicr could ch;:mgc ancl n::mght but age co,tld cause to fade. .:\Ir. \\Tier rented a stnall cabin at the piace 1neniioncd ahovc, built hi111 a shop. and solicited the patronage of the public. fie had a field oi fresh land which he planted when there was no work to be done in ihe shop, or as he called it "when he -..vas resting-.'' ()ccasionally the shop and the cn1p needed his attention siruult<~.neonsly, and then it \Yas thai his young. hopeful, strong- hearted wife \Yonld encourage him. not only by kind \vords but with good deeds. She \\oulcl help hin1 in the shop by hlo,,ing the lwllo\\s, aud if need be, striking with tl1c sledge-han1111tT. She would help !Jim in the field, \Vorking in the hct sun. and even after nightfall. helping him io sew~ his fodder, in the mean while attending to all th~ household duties which devolve upon a poor 75 man's "\vife. \Vith such courage and industry, success was nol doubtfuL They prospered, secttring the confidence and esteen1 of all their neighbors. "\lr. \Vier accumulated son1e propqrty and in declining life \Yas easy and conifortClble. in his circmnstanccs. The first four-,,-heeled lmgg), so called, used. in _\_thens, \\as 111acle for "\Jr. Elizur ~ewton in 1825. Prior to that date gigs for the few, and riding horses fur many \HTe the usual tnudcs of locomotion, thoug-h a carriage was occasionally seen. Goods were of course transported by \\ agon and the teamster of the day \Yas the ver: roughest of characters. l1e religiously abjured the 11se of soap ancl water to his person or clothe::; during a round trip of a fortnight or three \vceks -cooking, eating, sleeping at night over light\Y;:od knot fires, splashing- through nntd and mire and hea\ing- at the \\heels \\hen stalled durin~.:( the da}, lleing a 1node of life unfriendl) to cleanliness. The \Yagoners llle tea'n1 was 2,500 to 3,000 lbs., ancl the price for carrying never less than ~one dollar a hnndrecl; t>ut in the \viuter of t8r7-r8 the tnercl1ants paid as high as four dollars a hundred on freight fron1 Augusta to .\t11ens. That was a fearful winter. The roads VY~rc.in s~1ch a condition that for miles the horses would \valk in mucl clccpcr than their knees, and after making one trip, not only the hair hut in many cases the skin '-YOUlcl be entirely ren10ved from their legs fr0111 the constant attrition. The first cotton raised -..vest of the Oconee river grew on an acre or t\vo of 1and on the river at the mouth of the spring branch where now stand some small houses belonging to the Factory Con1pany. Daniel Easley, rnaking- a tour on business into the low country of Georgia brought back with hitn a bushel of cotton seed, but neglected to infonn hin1sclf how io cultivate the plant. Supposing hon1 the size of the seed they sh~nticl be SO\Yn broadcast, he carefully prepared the ground ancl plo\vecl in the seed preciscl;.- as he would huve clone a bushel of wheat or oats. () course the cotton could not be cultivated, but the fertile soil and a favorable season yielded a capital crop considering the 111anncr of its treatment. I have heard old people say it was the \Vhitest cotton patch they ever saw. l t v\as not picked out until all had opened that can1e to matnr1ty, and this was the beg-inning- o the reign of J:(ing 78 Cotton in all the parts of his clominon west of the Oconee River, for the rive1 counties suuth of the Clarke we1c then an Indian territory. Up to that tin~c, and indeed later, the staple production of this region was tobacco, anrl long after cotton was cultivated in Clarke, Jackson a11cl Franklin counties were considered too near the mountains to raise it at all, and tobacco continn.ed to be the crop of the country. \Vell do I rcinen'lwr to have seen year after year hogsheads of tobacco roll through the streets on their way to .\ ngusta, drawn l)y two sn1all horses then called tachc:o,s. At first cotton vvas cultivated in small acres and fanners spoke of the cotton patch as the~' did of the turnip patch, so that the I!alne adhered to the cotton field even after it was enlar.c,-cd to a hundred acres. J am rcn1inded, by speaking of Easly's cotton patch on the 1ive1~, of the tnost beautiful place f01 small boys 1o bathe and learn to swin1. that >vas ever made. It \Yas just below the site of the facto1y. and seemed to be n1adc for the purpose. Jt \\a<> hetween the bank of the river and a small island. and was about fifty yards long;. and 'in no place 1nore than four feet deep, with a sn1ooth, satHh' boiimn, and -..vas tnade by a ledge of rocks whlch extended frotn the hank to the island at its lcn,er end. It was perfectly secluded, and the lhnbs of the large trees that grew on the banks ahnost met over the pool. The greater portion l ! I 79 of the ledge was above '-Vater and n1ade a dry, clean table jar the boys to nndrcss. T-fere they all learned to S'-vin1, an accon1plisl:Hnent which every boy in 1\thens acquired at an early age. This pool 'c.Qntil)ued to be the delightful resort of the srnall fry until destroyed by the blasting for the v.raterway for the cotton n1i1l. Defore the introd,nction of the cotton gin, the seed were picked out by hand, and it was the custom of the country to require of each rne1nber of the family, black and white, over twelve years of age, during the long vvinter evenings, to pick the seed frorn a pound of cotton. This task the young people performed very cheerfully, 111aking it an occasion of fun and fro1ic. The first cotton gin brought to A thcns was set up by Nlr. Thotnas on the spot novv occupied by Mr. Edward Clayton (the old Branch State Bank). r lcre all the cotton n1ade in the neigh- borhood was ginned for sotne years; NJ.r. Thon1as buying- it in the seed frmn fanners and hirnsclf preparing it for tnarket. I!e had a ta11 powerful negro named Joe, 'vho was looked upon with son1e regard because he could pack a round bale \vcighing 300 lbs. in a clay. The cotton then cultivated was the old ,green seed variety arrd was hard to pick. 'l'he locks were firnlly attached to tl1c bolls Jefying the storn1y \vinds of winter; and a patch '""as never picked over rnore than twice and rare1y n1ore than once. Fifty pounds was a task for an average hand. ft \"-'aS the cusLon1 for Lhe planter, when his cotton had ncady or quite all opened, to invite his neighbors to a cotton picl-:in/'-',- at1d prizes were o{fen~d fo1 the best pickers. \\/bile the 111e11 and boys were picklng in the field, the won1en and glds of the nei;.2;hhorl10o(l vvonld be quilting in the house. The most ab~1ndant supply of good ~at illg was proylclecl fur all, and if a negro fiddler could be found the day's frolic wonld often winrl up with a dance. Si1nilar cnston1s prevailed at log--1ol1ings, housc-raising-s and wheat-harvest, \vhe1e men we-re 7:(cak-/wndcd and neeclecl each othe1's help, \\hich \\as ahvays cheerfully given. ,\ neighbor of olcl Dick Cox's, as he was called, :\I1s. Ceorg-c King's father, once asked his help his \Yheat Lhe next day, which was nig-ht l\Tr. Cnx pnt his negroes and hy the light of the n1oon soon 1~;-ul it all nH and shocked, and thus the astonished nel.~hhr was cx<:eedingl) poor, and had a la!-go...' family, and lived in a little house with L\vo rooms ne:n- Dr. T-fenclcrson:::. and in one of these ronn1-.: he sci his type and print.cd his paper. \Vhik he lived in this honse it \\as struck by lig-l-1tning. ancl he w;1s hitnself s~verely shocked. 1n the next issue of his paper l1c congratulated himself on the- event, saying he had al\\ays been afraid of thnnclet stornls, hnt should 110\V have no 111ore feaL for since the \\ orld b('gan it had never happened that a man \Vas t \Vice sirnck hy lightning-. He afterwards moved to a n1iserahle shanty near 82 the present ~ite of the factory, and there in one roOin the fan1ily cooked, ate and printed the paper. ln one issue of the paper the editor announced. as a local iten1 of interest, thai ''our sow" had the night before given birth to nine beautiful pigs, and if they all li vcd, as he hoped they would, he should in a short ti1ne feel pretty independent. I lO\V the poor fcllo\v n1anaged to live and keep his family alive no one but binJ~elf ever 1cnew. 1-1 e \Yas the first 111an to notninate General i\ndre\V Jackson for President, and often boasted of thai fact after he was elected. .:\ linor was succeeded in order of ti1ne by Patrick IZobinson, who published an indifferently supported paper, called "The Athens Gazette/' \Vhich n1aintained a feeble existence for a few years when it was changed to the ((Athenian~~ conducted by ()liver r. Shaw. This paper as- sumed a tnodern dress, dropping the old form 'of the letter S, and becatne the best literary paper in the State. Some years aft.erward.s, Alban Chase, and AJfred Nisbet bought the paper changing its name to ((The Southern Banner.H J\'Lajor Ucn Perley Poore, not unknown to fatne, was one of the first editors of the Hanner. But this hrings n1c into tnodern t.in1es. "'Say not thou," said Solon1on, ihe wise King, uwhat is the cause that the fanner days were better than these; for thou dost not inquire wisely concerning ihis." No reasons are given to sup- 83 port the truth of this sin1ple ipse dixit~ and it is a little remarkable that old people of every age ha\'C ''in([uirccl, or ratl_1cr asserted that the former days were better than these. " 'Tis distance lends cnchallttncnt to the vicw," :for certain it is, that for cunvenicncies of life. rapidity of transit, disscn,ination of knowledge and scientlfic acquirements, the present age is far in adv~nce of the past as the titnes of which I write surpass the dark ages. Dut the hun1an l1cart remains the same. l\Ianncrs and cnston1s change, but n1cn will love and hate to the encl of tin1c. To love the good and hate the evil is the lessen uf 1i fe. CIIAPTER Vll. The interest with which the ren1iniscences of my father \vcrc read cJnboldened n1e, in 18<)3, to add some imperfect sketches of _.Athens frmn 1830 to 1865. Ti1e frejuent calls {nr copies of that little parnphlet, the edition of \Yhich has long since been exhausted, and the urg-ent req;_1ests front tnany friends to reprint it have induced me to revise the work, correcting errors \vhcte they have been discovereU, and adding much \vhich I have since gathet-cd about the history of r\.tl1ens and hct people. These sketches are of necessity very in1perfect, but such facts as arc given arc real facts, and not fancies, and n1uch care has been taken to corroborate thetn by satisfactory evidence. The period covered by the four years of the \Yar is of especial interest, and it is to be regretteG. that it could not have been treated rnore in de- tail. A. L. IIULL. October, 1906. In revievving the 1-etniniscences of Dr. llull, some old lancltnarks are called to n1ind which at this titne of strenuous progress have co111pletely disappeared fron1 sight. 1'b e histury of these old places go far to 1nake up the annals of .I"\thens, \vhich it is n1y desire to preserve. The newspa- pers of those early days did not teetn with local ne\vs, and "personals" "\Vere unknown. For \Veelcs the weekly lJaper would n1ake no reference to local occurrences, 1 presume because the entire con1n1unity knew all about then1 long before the paper \vas issued, and it \vas thought, therefore, unnecessary. The paper referred to by Dr. I-Iull as 1 Sf'l11ireligious paper was the /I thcns Ga:::cttc. ~1r. 1-lodge. the editor. was a Presbyterian preacher, Clerk of the Court of Ordinary, Secretary of the Board uf Trustees, Treasurer of the Cniversity, and perhaps held other appoinilnents. The first issue of the Cai::cttc appeared in February, 1814. In J8I(l it was sold to Samuel :\Iiner, who had previous!:' published the Gcorp;ia Express and run it for T do not know how long. In I828 Oli Vl.':r P. Shavv published T!zc .-lthcnian, which \vas a yery creditable paper, well edited and well print- ! ,p I ( ~I" ! 85 ed. Alban Chase, who came to ~\thcns in 183r. became associated with Shaw, eventually bought him out and changed both narne and politics of The Athetian~ and issued The Bauncr in I8J4Files bf these old papers arc now in tl1e Cnivcrsity library 'and rnakc very interesting reading on a rainy day. From these old files we cull some ancient history. The Athclls Ga:;cttc first. saw the light in a fateful titnc. li was during the war of I 812, and tim.es \vete hard. ] t is true that cotton was bringing 29 cents ver pound, but there was ver_y little raised about ,\thcns. Sugar was 2 5 cents per po-und, bacon 14 cents. The paper on which the GaDcftc \Yas printed was double thick and very 1ough, and ihe ink seems to havc been made of latnpblack and axle g-rease. Even conespondence was high. Postage un letters was () cents fcq distances up to thirty n1iles, 10 cenb up to eighty tnilcs, 12 1-2 cents up to one hundred and fifty miles, and 25 cents over four hundred miles. ( )ne page of the paper was given up to literary miscellany, including lfllantities of poetry. The bulk of the reading rnatter consisted 01 debates in Congress and news frotn abroad. The latter traveled slo-wly. The startling intelligence of .:\ apolcon 's n~turn ft-0111 Elba atHl the battle of \Vatcrloo "\\as received in . \ Lhens one rnonth after it occurred. There \\as a fair patronagl' by advertisers in these old papers. Joseph Steven.':i offered 6 1-4 cent.':i rc\\ard for the return of a runaway apprentice bo_y. and ."\ILs. Smith in announcing the opening of a sdHml f01 young ladies in _.r\.thens promised that "a mu.sic master \vonld he crnployecl to give lessons ou the forte piano. l f ere i.':i a .sa!llple of the literary contributions "\Yhich the editor of the 1t!zcnia!l pronounced good: ''0. gr-een and glorious spring! bow beautiful thou art! Ol!. 'tis .sweet whcu the last linger-ing star has faclcd into dimnc.c;_c;, \\hen the fiyst grey rla\\"11 is trcJJlhling- in the east, to wander forth and feel the fre.':ih breath of morn and harken to its low, soh nmrmu1ings a1nicl the forest leaves: to li ..;t the gay carol of the woodland songster rejoicing in the lig-ht of ne\v-horn day! 1\t such an 11our [ lovl: to be a!OJ1l:. f Jove to seck the blissful solitude of thong-hi that l tnay indulge tlw dear, delightful 1cvcric.s of fancy," etc., etc. _-\ ladies' fair \nts adverti.scd to occur at early candlelight. ""1'hc speclfic object of the fair." said the editor, ''we arc unacquainted with. bot it i.s understood it is for charitable purposes.' An injured husband. disclain1ing responsib11ity for his wife's debts. quotes fn)l11 Pope: ''(), \\"Ol!!an, \\Olll!!ll~ v.-1Jet1Icr !t:a:J or fat In h1c~ all ;J;J:'Jl, hut ill :--,ood a c.~t.' I I \ \ I ' 07 .\UvcriiscllH:nts oi ntHaway negroes appc.tr~Cd in''.'ariably accotnpanicd by the picture of a stumpy neg-ro \\'alking a\\-ay \\'ith his clothes ticcl lJP in a handkerchief and S\Yinging frotn a ;-,Lidc ov.('r his shoulder. S01nc of these advertisers :;hO\\Td 110 little originality. and would attract ~lttcntion c"cn in this day of cro-wded colun1ns. -:.\'liss :\lillie J{uthctford has an interesting olcl paper. written in a lonnal ':oppcr-platc hand, heginning as follov.:s: ''Several ladies of Clarke county asscntblccl at Trail Creek, :\1. II., Jul:-- 13. tBl<). The following Constitution was prepared ancl adopted: "Article r. This society shall be kno\vn by the name of the Fetnale .r-...Iitc ~ociety of ~\thens and Vicinity." This organization had no connection with the arachnid con11110n to chicken coops, bttt \Vas auxiliary Lo Lhe Baptist Board of Foreign ).Iissions, and a conchtion of tnctnbership was that each person shon1d pay annually to the Treasurer at least 52 cents. ).irs. .:\Jartha J. Cobb, aften:vanls .l\iirs. IIenry Jackson, was First Directress ; Mrs. 1\1artha Jones, Second Directress; :..r rs. Sarah Cole, Sec- rctaJ-y; and 1\1 rs. Lucy Thornton, Treasurer. ~\moug the tnembcrs were ~\[rs. julia Cla:yLon, 1\irs. Catl1erinc Xe\\'ton, 1\Irs. Lucy Cary, ~1rs. Susan .:\1 oot-c, ::\trs. Sarah [..;:.ing, 1\drs. Elizabeth Espey, -:\frs. Eliza VVadclcll, .:\'Irs. Dougherty, who - \YCrc ~fcthodists and l'reshyterians, and J\.1rs. Catherine Freeman, 11rs. Sarah R. Cobb and ;\'I iss Serena R. Rootcs, \vho were Baptists. :\nwng the contributors are the nan1es of A. S. Clayton, John A. Cobb, \Villian1 I-I. Jackson, S. 'J'hon1as. tlcnry Jackson, Charles J. Jenkins (then a student in college), Dr. Brown, Ebenezer ~ewton, Josiah Newton and 1\rfrs. "~{arreon Grcevc.''. .?\/Irs. Grieve was the tnothcr of l\1rs. Joseph Henry Lumpkin, and lived in Lexington. This was the iirst l\.:Iissionary Society ever forn1ed in ..:\thens. and was non-dcnrnninatltmal although the funds collcctccl Yvcre forwarded to the 11aptist Hoard. .\t that time there was no Baptist church not l )teshyterian church in _:\thens. Trail Cree~.::: meeting house was the nearest Baptist place of worship. and l[ope\vcll, ncar Lexington, the ncarest Pr.esbytcrian church. \Ve should not pass from this period without sol1le notice of President .0.Ieigs, who in his day, b)- virtue of his office. was perhaps the most prmnincnt citizen of the village_ Josiah .\leigs, the first active president ot the t'niversity of Georgia, was a native of Connecti._ut. the thirteenth clnid of his parents, born in 1757- .Ilis eldest brother, Colonel H.cturn J. .\feigs. \Vas a distinguished officer of the Revolution. and the father of the Postn1astcr General under President J\Tonroe. 89 Josiah .:\1cig-s graduatcitiful salaty of t\vclvc hundred dollars-damn thelll-hc reckoned thC)/ would 111akc hitn next professor of cabbages and turnips-and n1uch more such conversation not now detailed. but the above is the substance of the conversation. " (Signed) J'~UGUSTTN S. CLAY1'0N . .. Sworn to before tnc, this Rth .April, r8r r, at '' thcns. ''RoBI~R'l' \A./AT.KJ~R> Judge.'' -:\lr. :\lcigs was given an opportunity for defen."c against these charges, but whatever he replied it \vas evidently not satisfactory, for "having ibis clay heard the defense of .:..1r. Prolessor J\fcigs ancl the af-fidavits exhibited in support thereof, and having maturely considered the san1e. togcthet \vith the charges and proofs exhibited against hint, the board are of opinion that he hath been guiliy of great 1nisconduct and ought to be retnoved fron1 his office. VVhercnpon. resolved, that Josiah Nieigs be, and he is heteby removed from the office of professot of mathetna1 ics, natnral philosophy and chemistry in Franklin College." Left stranded by his dismissal, not only poor, bnt in debt, -:\fL :!\1eigs remained in i\thens until 18r2, when ?vir. Jefferson, to whorn he was well kno"vn, secured for hin~ the appointlnent of surveyor g-eneral, with h.is office at Cincinnati. Two years later he was m.ade Con1n1issioner of the 93 general land office and rctTlO"\'Ccl to VVashington, where he }jvcd until his death, \Vhich occurred Scptcmbei 4th, 1822. lJis wiclow. Dr. Charles D. }J eigs. the distinguished physician of PhiladelphiaJ 1-fc_uy 1\leigs, a prorninent lawyer of K"cw YorK, and CJthcr children survived hint. His Jaug-hter, Clara, n1arried ~Jr. John Forsyth, one of Ceorgia's most honcncd sons. General ::\l. C. .\1 cigs, quartcn11aster general of the 1. ~nitcd States during the war, was his grandson, and ntany others of his descendants are now living in ~ew York and Philadelphia. The grandfather of President :i\1eigs was a stiff old Puritan in Connecticut. On an interesting occasion in the fantily he was sitting- awaiting nc\VS, when the nurse ran in and said: '.:vir. I\Icig-s, it is a girl~ ''Silence, said the austerL': father. "In a little vvhile the nurse ru::o;hccl l)ack and said: ".:\lr. .:\Icig-s. there is another girl!" Folding his hands resignedl_y, he said: "Subn1it,'' and they nan1ed the babies Silence and Subrnit, and in the old gra vcyard in a Connecticut town there is a little stone on which are ca1ved the names: "Silence and Subn1it l\{cigs," who died l"l1 infancy. ClL'\ PTER VII 1 Athens was incorporated as a town in DeCCJT1bcr. 181 S- The act required that an election should be held for con11nissioncrs, and narned the college chapel as the place for the election. 04 ln :fact at that titnc all public ntectings of every description~concerts, shows and preaching serviccs~were helcl in the college chapel. There \\as no other place in wl1icb to tncet. The con1- missioucrs vcre to elect thcit O\V11 chainnan, and were authorizeJ, arnong other things, to i1nposc a penalty of corporeal punishntent not exceeding thirty-nine lashes for any one offcasc (people of color excepted). The Oconee river was the corporate line. The cotnn"lissioncrs irn- posed a tax of 3 cents on $roo on property, 12 1-2 cents each on slaves, and $2 for liquor license. That surely was an ideal Athens. A tour of the town in 1830 would have revealed but few of the houses now standing. The \ . \thens Factory was not yet built. The bridge over the river was below the n~outh of the branch, and at low water the stun~ps of the old titnbers could be seen but a few years ago. Near the spring was a 1niserable shanty, once the office uf the Gcorp,ia E.vprcss and the residence of ib; editor, printer and publisher. Six houses .stood on ()conee street, three of thcn1 still to be seen~thc boarding- house next to the bridge, the old IIodg-son house, with its ancient ceJars, then owned by Dir. \Villiarn Lumpkin, and that at the crossing of the Central railroad. This last v.,as the crack hotel of the place, kept by Lean- der Erwin, and hacl eight rooms for the accom- lnodation of its guests. On. Foundry street- 95 nol a street then, however-the tnother of the late ~'1 r. Elizur N e\vton lived in the old Wilkerson house: the frarne of which still stands, in a different place, clad in a new covering. Detween this and' the upper bridge there \vas no house. Near the "'bridge was a grog shop, which was afterwards canied do\vn the river in the great l-{arrison freshet. On T-Ioyt street were three dwellings, tvvo still standing-Dr. IIoyt's old residence, l;O\V belonging to .:'vir. Piilrnan, and f_)r. Ljnton's, and the third, which Dr. Ware removed to n~akc way for the present botTle of Dr. E. S. Lyndon. Con1ing down Jackson street we pasf! lJr. .1'\isbet's house, afterward l\1r. Lampkin's, now tt1rncd around and renewed, and the hon1e of the elder ?v1rs. Franklin, later known as the \iVealherly place, which was burned about twenty years ago while occupied by J\fr. BernatJ. ()u the corner of Mrs. Frierson's lot stood a sn1ail wag-on shop, and diagonally opposite 11rs. Demaris Baldwin live'd in the Lnn1pkin house. Capt. Brumby's house was the hmne of Dr. \iVaddell, the President of the University Dr. I-leurv Hull hved j nst opposite in a house still standing, which he built of n1aterial fron~ the old of his father, and which he sold to Dr. J. B. Carlton. ?-.1r. Asbury Hull occupied the house on Thon1as street, so long the hon~e of Dr. I-Iull, and now owned by \V. D. Jackson. Opposite 96 the Baptist church was a little house aftcnvards retnovcd to the other corner of the Governn1cnt lot, where l\-frs. Andrews taught school in alter years, and recently dernolishcd. The Dougherty house, which lately gave way to the City I-fall, \vas then an attractive residence On Hancock avenue was a two-rootn house on the \cinccni corner, and the "Athens I-Iotel," which, clothed in a new dress, stands next below the 1\iethodist church. Farther clown, the old Harden house, :\1rs. Reese's j1.1st opposite, and a s1nall cottage on the site of Mr. John 1\{oss cotnpleted the list. At ~Ir. Flen1ing's corner was a blacksn1ith shop, and on the ~eviti lot the Rev. i\1r. \Vallis had a flourishing fernale school. There were no other houses on Prince avenue nntil we reached the ::Vf anual Labor School opposite ~fr. l~psm1's. an..ic::nded to At1anta, and l\thens wa::~ left on tlic h1,onch road. t l \ ). I rr 101 The Branch Bank of the State of Georgia was {'Stablished in T834, with f~Ir. J an1es Can1ak as PresidCnt, and lv1r. .\_sbnry 1--Iull as Cashier. The building now converted into a hotel on Clayton Street, was erected, serving both the purposes of a bank' and the Cashier's residence. '.2he business \vas conducted here for twenty years. and then continued in the ~ ational Bank building. In 1R2~J an . \_ibenian pressed oil frm11 cotton seed \Vhich he used in tnachi11cs and in lan1ps. !-Iis tnethods lHJ\,Tvcr wen: too c ndc to make it profitable. Ln :\J arch J H29 dirt was broken for the Georgia Factory then called the /\thens ::\iannfactur!ng Company. The factory was built by Judge Clayton, John Xisbet, \Yilliam Dearing and Abrarn \\>'alker as a protest against the high tariff on manufactured goods. John Johnson superintended the building and was the 111anager- of the business. The factory was in operation in Februar:y r R3o. The Athens Factory \Yas built hy \Villiarn Dearing and John Nisbet, on the present site, and soon after its con1pletion, was destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt, and in the great I-I ar-rison along with the n1ill and all the bridges. Again freshet of 1840. one wing was washed away, rebuilt, it was again destroyed by fire in 1856, after which the present substantial brick build- _;;:~~;;} ;--1\t.\ IV.~l~.:,~'>r""' \ 1l)2 I I ings, erected by the energy of the Superintendent, Dr. John S. Linton, replaced the old \vooden ones. The first fire in 1834 brought out the suggestion I of a fire company, which did not tnaterialize, 11<)\vever. for 1nany years. ~Ir. \Villian1 \Villian1s built Princeton Factory and son1e years later Dr. John ::--)_ Linton and . \lbon Chase" hnilt the Pioneer ! 'apc1 .\1 ill at a cost of $32.uuo, \\hich was the first paper 1nill built south of the l 'otomac l(ivcr. In 1B2R the population of I\thens was 583 \\hites and 517 blacks, and it was the boast of the . 1thcnacunt tlwt \YC had "nul;. 49l) less than .\[illcdg-c\ille. Thci-c \YC:'TC 2(1 four \Yllcelccl car- riagcs besides gigs and sulkeys and there wet-e _!(, widows in the town. 1n 1830 the population had increased to 1434 and we were catching up with .\I illcdgeville. ] dont know how many of the 2r1 widows had man-ild but the other entcr- 1niscs referred to 1Dake a pretty g-ood showing :t to\\ n of seven hundred white people. CJ-L\PTER [X. The taritr was a vital question in ~-\thcns at the time of which l \Vrite. .\t commcnccniCnt a t-~Tcat anti-tctriH tnccting wa5:; held at \vhich \Villiam ll. Crawfonl presided. and Ccurgc -:\f. Troup. John ~IcPhcrson l~er1ien, ,\ttgustitl S. Clayton. \Yilson Lumpkin and George R. Gillner \\ere speakers. Th<.: .c;tudcnts. full of pattiotic zeaL held a n1ass 103 meeting- at \vhich George F. Pierce took a promimcnt part. and resolved to \vear onlv honKmade good". T'he Trustees 111et them m~orc than half way in ad<,pting as the prescribed uniform f01 studcn~s. "a frock-coat n1ade of dark grey Ccorgi~t llumespun, wool and cotton, the sean1s C(JVCred with black sjJk cord or narrow braid, h1ack buttons and pantaloons of san1e rnaterial, corded ()J' l)raidcd in the same 111anncr. An exception \Yas made in favor of calico. for the reason that "n1orning guwns'' of calico wcte quite fashionable. both students and professors wearing then1 on the streets. This garrnent\\hich nntst have hecn a 111arvel to behold-consisted of two \\idths of calico gathered at the neck wjth a string, buttoned at the vvaist and reaching to the ankles, having loose, flowing sleeves. The figure and color vvas left to the taste of the wCarer, and there was as great a variety as can be seen at a county fair. Fancy the Chancellor of the l}niversity or the dignified Dean of Franklin College sailing down the street in a flowered calico ntorning gown! T-IlY\\ever with the reality of wearing the homespun, can1c a cooling of patriotic fervor and a petition went up frorn the boys to repeal the law, which. jt scents, was cheerfully done. One professor who was devoted to the n1orning gown was Dr. I-Ienry Jackson. Dr. Jackson, a native of England, caine to --- " I.~.~:" ~:: .. ,,. -~~~~-:~. ., .,::: ~ . . 104 Ceoq~ia a youth, not long before the close of the eighteenth centuq, at the invitation of his brother, Ja111es Jackson, once g-overnor of Georgia. Elected to a professorship in the Un-i~ versity in r8r r, he proved to be a valuable acquisition to the faculty, a scholar of great scientific attaimnents ancl a gentletnan of n1auy fine tl-aits of characteL \Vhen Vilillian1 I-I. Crawford \\ent as ministc.:T to the court of France, Dr. ] ackson was invited to go with hin1 as secretary of legation. ( )btaining leave of absence fro1n the Trustees. he "\Yeui to France and \Yas in Paris during the ''hundred days reign'' after Napoleon's return fro111 Elba. \Vhilc passing tluough \Vashington on hiSway abroad. he 1net a lady to whon1 he was singularly attracted. but the fact of her husband being very much alive \Yas an insuperable objection to his rnaking it known to her. On his return frotn France, he heard that she was a widow and so soon as propriety pern1ittecl, he paid her his adchool he had left ten years before, but failing health cmnpellcd him to give up the \\-ork and he came back to .<\thcns to spend the remainder of his days. Cl L\ ['TER X. \ thcns \Yas now beginning to a ttl-act the attention of people h01n other sections. The Uni,ersity gave it a tone of intellectuality and cultme. Its natural advantag-es, its freedom frm11 Jllalaria. ils facilities for educating children ail made it au a1iractive llmne. \s the population increased nc\\ lines of business were opened. \n1ong these we note that James 1\and opened a beef tnarkct and Sa1nnel Frost an a11ciioneer's stand, ancl S. P. Sage a je\Yelry store and ~ \. Brydie a tailoring emporiun1, \\here fashions with designs and pictures will he rece-ived in the course of tv'o \Yecks.'' In adclition to these Jatnes \Vittee notified the pnblic tllat they 1uight find a livery stable, confectioncries and 1neals at the "Co[[ce 1-Tousc" (we would say Cafe no-w) directly on the upper end of T\/[ain Street, leading to the Botanical Garden. This must have been on the site of the Windsor I-Iotel. T'llen ''Mr. \Vashington Brown informs the ladies and gcntlen1en of Georgia, Alabama, Florida, I Jl-1 J. Sunth and \.:oJ-th Carolina and Virginia that he intends \-isiting them for the purpose of teaching I\nmansllip in all its ncrions branches, viz: ( :c:ttceL ( )n1amental. Ronnel. Italian, Sharp, Single. l;lu\YCr~. l )itl() !n\cr~e, Double Ditto, J-iieroglyphic and l ~nsincss hand will lJc ta11ght on the l'vcn and odd s~ mmctry." That is perfectly clear to those who understand it and I suppose son1c did at that tinrc. The llH.:rchants too \\en becoming indepen- dent for they advertised that "after _A._ugust rst they will not send out m- allO\\. tube sent out from t JCil- store:' any anicks except shoes, corsets, coHled skins ~md 1\islwp slce\cs b_\ a servant for his o\\IH'I" to sclcct therefron1. 1\::rhaps the ladies can sug:gest \\ hy these l'\.ccptions were 111adv. ~~un Fn1.'">t \\a.S lJ()t (lll]_, an auctioneer but he \\as an cxc..dlent cabinet maker and some of the (lld malloga11Y \Yardrolws and hnrcca1s 111ade by him arc still doing service in .\thens. ! {e was al~o Justice ()i the Peace and his place uf business \\as the old houst:.:.long known a:-:; Canhold's shop, \\hich stood on the cornc1 of I! nll and l i ;tnc:ock Strt'eb. The s:Hlp hclon.'-.:cd to Ccncr~;] I L:n-den and it ,,a:-; snspcdcd that the tenant paid his 1-ent in \'Clditts LH llis landlord. \\-hen ! ln\\Tll l' bb 1', I \1as youn;..:. at the bar he l:ad a ca:-;e hcfnrc i;:ost \\ith but little chlJcert:-:; \\ere held in the Chapel or the Lhnrchc;;--Fourth of Jnl) orations were always dcli\cn:d in the Churches because ihc Students 1nonopulizL:d the Chapel on that day. l\{r. (;on eke kept ~. music .c;tore also and tnanaged to han~ S1m1ething in his line going on all the t~ae The band-"ibe .\thens f~and"-was cotnposed of\\". 1\. \\-ell:-;. \V. 1'. Sage, john j. Cary and Ccorge Y\'-. Scott with John Con eke for j.._:_Hkr and the_\ furnished the fit-st instrumental n1usic for the College Cninnwncen1cnt. I ~eforc that they used to sing odes and hymns. \ftc1 Dr. \\-addcll left .\thcns lh. Nathan 1-foyt \Yas called to iltc Presbyterian Church \\hich he c-:crn~d as pastor for thirly-si:.:: years Du1ing his long pastorate childten \\"Cl~ born. Inarricd and died, leaving another gencratie:n [f) grow up undct his precepts. Dr. I-Toyt was a sound theologian and a fearless speaker. He knev,, a good horse when he saw- him, and ,,rr)tdr! have no other kind. I-Iis factotwn, old Daniel, was the sexton of the Church for n1any years, and Daniel never was sure which had the most authoril\. lJc (ll" the l)octor. lh. I-foyt l1ad n1an.\ J)Ccularities of n1annei which, however, affected neither his popularity nor his preaching. I--Ic \vas easily annoyed by nui~cs in the dn1rch and would stop in his sermon until they ceased. Once T ren1cmber \vhen a child cried during the preaching Dr. 1--Ioyt stop- ..-----;------------~-~------------- 121 pcd and said "I cannot go on while the child is crying. l f it cannot be quieted it tnnst be taken from the housc''-which the nwthcr procceclccl to do ai on1c. \Vhcn he sa-..v his congregation gettinC restless cluri1ig a S(Ti110n he "\vould say "1 shall .soon.hc done." "r have only a little n~orc to sa:. which at any rate had the effect of quieting thc1Jl for a little while. TYvo sons of Dr. Hoyt e-ntered the lllinistry. Dr. llcnry J-Ioyt. now one of the fathers ol the .\thens Presbytery. and Dr. Tllmnas . \. l!oyt late of Philalution, to conuTienwrate that heroic deed. Juhn II. ~C\\ton came tu ~\thens .f1on1 jeffer- son county in L837- He opened a store on Han- cock avenUl', just across fron1 the ::\Iethoclist church, below 1\.lr. Hancock's hotel, but after- ,,-aJds 1110vecl to the hotel curncr on College ave- nue. ).lr. ::\e"\Ytuu was a shn.:-..,.yd nmu of business, and acnmnllated a large property. _\t the close of the ,,ar he ,,as the largest o"\vner of wild lauds in Georgia, son1e of which have since beco1ne very valuable. 1\'Ir. Kewton -..,...,-as always opeu to a trade, and \vas a regular bidder at auctions. He once bought a hearse, and he owned a nliscella- neous cullection of articles. \\llich \Hntld have put the Old Ctuiosity Shop tu :-.hc.unc. \1 r. .:\ ewton was a public-spirited 1nan, al\\ ays ready to aid in an enterprise for the public good. Jt was in 1841 that he advertised ua blacksn1ith shop adjoining \Vdl's Livery Stable, under the tnanagetncnt oi \\'illlanJ S. Hcn1phill. an experienced smith.'' \Yell's Livery Stable was \\here the Clnistian Church ::-;tands now. \lr S e\\ton wa.s une of the largest contributots to the Lucy Cobb Institute. and I)resident of tht: l 130 Trustees until his death. l-Ie was a power in building- the Eastern l~ailroad, and one of its first Directors. T-Ie was a kindly gentlen1an, whon1 everybody knew and whon1 everybody esteerned. Jn .\la), 1R4o, the great J--tarrison freshet occurred-so called because General Harrison was a candidate fen the Presidency that year. It rained frotn l\ronday until Friday. 1-\ll the bridge::; and rnills for miles around v,rere washed away. The .\thens Factory \'vas nearly den1olished, and houses near the river bank were catTied a mile down strea111. DL \Vaclclell, who after his resignation had gone to \\-illing-ton, returned to .\thens in failinghealth, \Yas stricken -vvith paralysis and died. He \\as a great tnan in every sense of the word, and \Yas greatly lan~ented at his death. Dr. ..\fuses \iV ad dell was born in l~owan county, S. C., in I7fO. lie attended a neighboring schooL studying with such diligence that when he was but fourteen years of age he was invited to take a school at a little distance frmn his home, with the stipulated retnuneration of $70 a year and his board. ln r786 he ccune to Greene county, Georgia, with Iris parents and opened another school. lie was quite popular \vith the young people, ancl was invited to all theit "parties, at which dancing was the chief feature oi amusetnent. l\tlr. \,Vaddell becan~e so {ond of this pleasure tllat his indulgence in it brought hitll to the se- "I 131 nous reflection that it \Vas hannful. So great was the te1nptation to hh11 to dance that he finally ~hanged hjs place of abode, going to the house of a pil'US gcntlctncu1, where he assiduously spent his cvcmngs in the study of the classics. SuLsu1ucntly, in view of preparing h~mself to preach the g0spel, he \Ycnt to riamiJ..len Sidney College, entering the senior- clas.., in 1791. Forsome yc;:us aftc1 he was licensed he preached and taught at different pl::.ces, finally locating at Willingtml, S. C. fn the meantime he had among his ptlpils \\"illiam II .. <~t-a\yforcl and John C. Calhot1il. m,-1 _rhl! in after life bccan1e the peers of :til\ thi-; lr"'!ltly llas ever produced. \lr. \Yaddell was tnarriccl first to a sistct of _1. hn C. Calhoun, ,,-ho ;;;urvived her marriage but little tnore than a year. ~\ t \~lillington Dr. VYaclclell began a work of education which lJJacle him falllous throughont Lilc Soutb. The school nnn1bered at its nlaxirnum altendance 1 8o, cot uprising boys who afterwards became the rnost disting-uished tnen of South Carolina and Georgia. \'Vhen the University of Georgia was lying prosttatc under the n1isfortnne of President Finley's death. superactdect to the distressing conclition in \Yhich he fonnd it. it was felt that Dr. \Vadclcll ,,as the o11ly man who could undertake lb rc~u:.;cita1.inn with any hope of success. The Trnstccs ~cnt him an 11rgcnt invitation tn assume ;_;: 132 the pn_sidenc;.. Though very n:lnctant to face the responsibility of such a task, he yiel(kd to t 1 ~c .~rgmnents of the coimniitce \\ho visited hin1, and ren1Dved to ~\thew-; in r8JS). The reputation of Dr. \i\fadcldl \Yhich had preceded hin1, added to his energy and high character, soon r.:.1ised the enrolln1ent of students from ;..even to 111ore than one hundred. 1-lis (liscipline H;1s finn without severity, and those \\ho trifled with hii1' felt how severe he could be. :'\"o stndcnt ever tried it twice, and one_ laviug (.'0111e out fi'Ol11 such an intervie\v with lli111, said to a companion: u\Vhen :nn hear a boy bragging how he bullied Dr. VVaddell, you tnay know he is lying, for it can't be clone. Bnt with all his finnness Dr. VVaddell had the tact to know when not to punish. One night he caught, as he believed, Xed H- playing canis. The next n1orning, overtaking hin1 on the ca1npu:-;. the doctor .-;aiel: "Edward, r thiuk r saw you playing cards last night.'' ''[ reckon not, sir," sai(l the culprit. "Yes. l an1 stue it was you," replied the doctor. "It couldn't have been rne," answered Xed, ''because I don't knO\\. the ace of jacks frmn the nine of deuces.'' DL \iVaddell s1niled. but did not press the n1attu any fnrthcr. Lnclcr the laws of that day students were subj cct to militia duty. They organized a cotnpany an1ong thetnselves and n1ade a great frolic of the 133 whole affai;. '1'he nan1e given the cmnpany \vas the "Franklin Blues." I !etuy C. Lea, who afte: liis graduation n1arried .:\{iss Serena Rootes, was the first Captain. ~rhey turned out regularl.f, ,armt:d and equipped for drill and target shooting. On Foutth of J nly occasions the~ \Yere in g-reat dentanJ, and always finisheJ up at a hanquet. The nnifon11 \vas blue, with brass buttons, white trcntsers and high cap. ''lVluster Jay" was held at \\'atkinsville, and was a g-reat frolic. It proved su disastrous to study and good order that the Governor was appealed to to withdraw the anns v.rhich had been furnished the students. \Vhen an clectiun ,yas l:eld for officers in this n1ilitia district a livery stable keeper nan1ed Pack Wells was a candidate for lviajor, and as n1.any of the students owed hirn bills which he had been very forbearing in pressing, they all voted for hin1 and elected hinl. CHAPTER XIII. With the reaction from the depression of the panic of 1837 caine an increase in the business of the town and aUditions to its population. This was due in part to the con1pletion, in 1841, of the Georgia Railroad to Athens, an event which had been long anJ anxious!y expected. \Vhen the Georgia H.ailroad reached the limits of the to\vn on Carr's I-Iill it \Vas thought in due time it would cross the river, a consununation long LH wished for but not realized till forty years later. There no doubt lingers in the n1e1nory of many a traveller the horrors of the long ride between the ~lepot and the hotel, as he was pitched about in Saulter's old otnnibus, splashed \-Vith rnud or :-;uiTocaied with dust. according io the season of the year-. The lost tinw, the broken vehicles, the personal discon1fort and the \vork on the road aggregated during those forty years at a low ~tluation would have graded and equipped the rrtiiroacl ('Xt('nsion over again. Tlw first train o\cr the r-oad \Yas pulled by rnules, and IVIrs. Elizabeth Hodgson, ).J:iss ~\nu and her brothers were passengers then. nwking Llwir first visit to Athens. The track was of flat bar iron, laid on :-;tringcrs. which in turn -,vere laid on the crosst1e:,. Sonwtimc_,.; the Hat 1ails \Yould \York loose and curl up. 1 f Lhc car wheel ran ~ntdc; it. as J! 5ometinws did. ihc ":--::nakc head'' would pie1-ce the l!oor of the car and the passenger was lucky \'.-hose :-;cat happened io be in son1e othe1 place. \Yhcn the Ccorgia Railroad bq;an to run regular trains a heavy [all of rain washed away an c1nbankn1eni ncar Union Point, and the train went into the washout, killing two 11.1en. Tn consequence of Lhis Lhe Directors very properly dctcrInined to abandon nnu'ling trains after dark. There is a delightful sirnplicity about this. \Vhy should ttains be run at night anyho,v, when people oughl to lx' at home Ydih their families 01 I. asleep in l;.ed? Even day teains 1nake far bette1 time than \Yagon tean1s, and tean1stcrs used to be ~satisfied with thnn. . \ stage line to a sununer n.:so1t nwkcs seventeen n1iles in six hours, and its ')atnms do not complain, but let thcn1 get on Ct railroad, ancl if they don't g-o that san1e distance in half an hou~- thell- rig-hts arc invaded, Lhei1 dig-nity i~ upset. their digestion is intpairccl and their nligiun i;., seriously threatened~ lu auticipatitm of the l.'C>ming of the :ailtoad Ct ~I r. EYan:-> purchased the 1ancl hctwccn }rill street _and ! 'ritH:c aYenuc. Luilt the llou..;.c_ ou:nptccl by "\] rs. ~hcppL'rson for his residence, and the old Sto\all ht11~.'-'e for a 1Hlicl. \11 the angle hcb.vcl:n tlw l1\1 .-.;tn~cb \\as fon:'st. and the ()\Yner cle"igncd making it a park. lu !1 ,t~tunatcly financial tn>ul>Jc.., hn>ll_.<..,:llt hi.;: lnnd:.; to ....ale. and his plans ncnT 111atcrialized. II eur; l-1 ull. J L bought the n..,idclln.' and I )lcasant .\. Sto\al1 the hotel. The time ~VC'llled pr(Jpitious fo1 selling the va- <..';lllt l(1t~ (Jll the :-.outh :-.ide nf !~road street--or 1:rnnt ., To ;\sbury anons I \\ondec rcrnen1ber Bill Holbrook, that cheerful idiot who lived lo be fift_:) cars t)lcL l~orty-f],e of \Yhich he 5pent looking the fence occasionally \'elli1..ti4 1ng on the stn.:d in a l()ng \Yhite, hut soiled cotton dress? ~athan 1 Tolbrook dietl when a young n1an. Ilc \\a-; a JJJenlher (114 the .\then-; Cuards and was lnn-ic'<1 ,,ith military htmut-s. Old -:\I r. [-lolh14 ook Icrt the bulk ()r his estate to the I)rcshytetian Church and some trouhJc along- with it. ft is e\iclent that the divine ecunom.y didn't conlctnplatc legacies being left to churches fut inves1lnent P.ut this is wandering far from the inlpCO\'Ctncnls in rc~ll estate uf which I \\"as telling. 139 \iVatkin~ [~aynon's, ~Trs. Golding's. General !Ia;:dcn's. .\Irs. Reese's. .:\Tr. ThmTtas' and .;\fr. Blanton J:-Jill"s houses folhnvcd in quick succes :->wn. -Tllcn .:\fr. Carlton built hiu1 a house where .:\frs. :\Iandcville lived. and Ross Crane another \vherc :\Irs . .:\Iarks lives. both substantial brick houses. which to(Lay testify to the excellent work they did. .).lr. Towns put up the house \vhcre his daughtec :\Irs. J. C. Urr. lived and \Vhich Tov..nic now owns. ~\lr. T. R. R. Cobb renovated Lhc nld Jesse Robinson place, Judge Ltnnpkin built the J-Ionic School, Dr. Charles l\1. Reese th~ Fletning house and ~fr. Jan~es Can1ak the handsome Pld house on the hill. Just opposite was ?drs. jan1cs D. Stevens'. an old fl-anle building, \Yhich slle replaced with a handsome brick residence on the site of the Court House. This \vas bul-ncd in 1R59, soon after it was completed. The elegant old brick n1ansion back of the Episcopal Church \Yas built by Gen. T-Towell Cobb, and it is betraying no confidence to say that Judge Cnbh \\as born there in 1R42. It \Yas sold to ::\ Trs. Peuinah Tho1nas \vho lived there many yt'ars and 1nadc it one of the 1nost beautiful hnn~es in the town. ::\Irs. DnBose's house was built by Gen. Robert Taylor ancl his son Jan~es liveat. hi~-h black stock and higl1 :-.;i~k hat. 1-li .. hair is lToppcd s!uqt his face as red as a beet. But his blue ere has a l\\inkk in it and a ';lllilc and an !rish brogue break:-; lnrtl! at ynntcnancc that lwanrcd Pll _,cn1 \\ith 1lle placidity qf the llln h )Je he SI~CJ.-LCL Spring. Summer.. \t1tnmn and \\'"inter were represented hy J anc Billups. Batavia Thomas. Sue Lampkin and Ella 1Iil1. Jane Reese and Elizabeth \\.arc bore garlands. while Ellen Richards personated Flora. and Sarah Baxter. who crov.;necl the Queen. \vas 1-Iopc. It \Yas a bevy of belles. and the play was as beautiful as the day \vas fair. .\fter tl1e progra111111e was con1pleted eleg-ant 1efrcshtnents were sen.ed to the audience, 150 and still later the entire con1pany adjourned at s1x o'clock io attend another .:\1ay party giveP by 1\t[iss Lord's school, the .1\thens ~f\caden1~., en Lhe Scudder lot. _[\_s an evidence o{ the prog-ress o{ .t\thens we note that soon after these .:\lay parties, and possibly suggested by them, Prof. V\Thale opened a ""dancing acaden1y" over J-Iuggins' store. \Vho that ever saw that old store could conceive of a dancing school in tl1e second story? ~\nd in addition to that, Monsieur G. L. Jules D".\utcl opened ;:1 French hoarding-house, \\ith a French cook anJ French dishes \\here the boarders might lcan1 the French langnag-e gTati.s. _\ncl on top of all came a meuag-erie t1aveling through the conntry as tl1ey \\ere wont to do, exhibiting a taper, a 111ppopotan1us-Ll1e first evet in \n1erica-an ocelot from the .\n"lazon river, a vulture king, a g-hetah and n1any strange animals \vhich have sitJce becollJe extinct. John l ~ishop \Yho escaped in the wreck of the II o11zc. ,yas a skilled gardener and can1e to .'\thens to superintend the botanical garden. This garden was attac-hed to the chair of natural history in the college of "\vhich Dr. J\1atthus Ward \\-as professor. Dr. \Vatd had none of the clen1ents of manly beauty. I-Iis features were not hannonious, his figure yvas ungainly and his costun"le composed of parts belonging to different ages. D11t he \Yas a gcntlernan of education and l 1 51 i an enthusiastic botanist, and a gentler, kindlier I 111an never lived. In a recitation in botany, the I professor asked a student how n1.any species of a certain plant there were. The young rnan re- pl-ied at a venture, "'Three, sir." "Yes, yes," I said the doctor, "but there were fon11erly only t\\n. and the same lll)\Y is... The quaintness of his C"'\:pn::ssi(lllS sccrned to impress his lectures on the students. Ilc once ~aid, ''\Vords. young gcntlClnen, arc only pegs on \Yhich to hang our ideas." This struck the boys' fancy and ever aftenY:-t.nls the uld prnfes.-.,or \Yas knO\Y as "Dr. Pegs." .\_fier his collllectlun with the college ceased, DL \\.ard lived for rnan~ years and until his death. at hi~ horne lH1 the hill beyond the b1anch. amld the 11(>\Yers and fruits and many Yarieties of ornamental trees he had plantecl ycaxs before. 17rJ~ botanical garden \Yas located across J:oanl Stn;et fnn11 Ur. \\ranrc; home and in- cluded the s,Juare bet\\ cen L<'inley and Pope Stn.:ets. Jt '-Yas beautifully 1aic1 off and planted \\ith many kinds of trees a11cl shrubs and f1owers. I Jere gn_'\Y a willo\\- gTown fr01n a cntting brought from the tomb of ::\ apoleon at St. Hel- ena: here were plants from the Cape of Good J lope, and trees frmn England, and it '\\..'aS de- signed to have a garden \\~here stndents of bota- ny n1ight con1e fron1 all parts of the South and study the specimens frotn life. 152 ::\Iany an hour in that delightful resort of forn1er da_ys have students and townstnen whiled away, enjoying the dolce far nicntc under the "illows or stretched beside the 1iitle lake, or strolling along the shaded 1valks. 'I'hat charming retreat, hallov-.red by many a whispered confession an(l brightened ]y, many a blushing admission. fragraut with llo\\ers. tinted ,,ith the sunset's gold. and musical \\ith the thrush an,l n1ocking bird, is 110\\-, alas! the w~shing-grouncl of the loud-mm1thed colotTd la11ndrcss; and a fC\\ old cedars, a broken hedge of os;~_gc orange, a poplar. and Jnayhap, a willo1\, are the sole relics of its ancient be::mty. . \_ unirp1c figure. farnilia1 in the fifties. was Jnhn Jacohns J<'lonrnoy. Of good birth and \\itil a liberal education, impro1ed by travel alnoad, hi:--:. associatirns \\ere among the best people, hut nith the loss of hearing came proverty and afi1iction. and unbalanced in tnind he drifted .::1\\-a_\ to the lO\\cst stratnn1 of society. Although totaJi_,- deaf. he readily understood a speaker by the 1110\Tnlcnis of his lips, ancl could converse fairly 1veil. l-Ie vvas an inveterate contributor to the ne'\vspapers, and \\hole colnn1ns of exhortations to n1orality and c01nplaints of the degeneracy of the tin1es \Yere published, until at last the editors refnsed to receive them.. Then he paid for their insertion, and when no longer able lo do lhat addrc~sed his n1anuscripts to inclivi- I '' 153 duals. H c was opposed to slavery and advocated the expulsion of the negro frorn the country. In the division of his father's estate he refused to take either negroes or rnoncy deri vcd fron1 their sale anJ onlereJ the executor to send his share of the negroes to "\frica. He was a believer in polygam.y and had several wives-not all at the sarne tinte, ho\vever. 1-Ic and they did not agree, if his publications are taken as iestirnony. The follovYing advcrtisern.ent appeared in 1S_:;(): ~OT!CT';. The public \\'ill be reassured lo observe that I vvill pay nothing not ,_-ognizabk by n1c as a debt . .:\fy wifl' alicrnatcly Jcaycs me and t-ctun1s, and is nmY rcabscondcd. nnceJtain \\'hcthu or not Lo come hon1c any more. :\ly offence is inability to snpport her in the extravagance she wants. I can scarcely call a dollar tny OY\-n. The genius of won1<111 is the talent o Satan. She il is that 1nust be o\cnJtaslcrecl. J. J. Ft,OUl{~OY. In n~sS another wife died, aged 16. Then he pHbli~;lwd a clisscrtatlon on trigamy, entitled, 'Go to the IJihle." The nCxt year l1c n1anied the Lhlrcl or fou1t11 wife \vho, as he c01nplained through the prints, soon after left hirn nto follow her own devious \Vay." She died in 1863, aged r8. Mr. Floun1oy \>.,:as a sttiking figure in his latter days when he appeared on the streets vvitl1 15+ uncut hair and beard, both white and very bushy, dding upon a sn~all donkey, and clad, though st11n1ner it was, in an India rubbe1 overcoat. 1-lc died in great p1overty in Jackson County after the war. ln 1 fL~4 a rnddy youth, [resh f1on1 the Em- erald rsle, can1e to ~'\thens, and obtained C!Tlploy- Incnt in the drug store of _\ __ \lcxandcr & Co., on College _'\veune. ~ ot long aJterward, on the occasion of a tcn1perance rally, be was invited to ntake an address. I-lis speech, delivered with all the iet-vor of an Irish orator, brought hi.n1 into J>rontincnce an(l social recognition. Judge Joseph 1 f. Lumpkin \\as attracted to l1i1n, and advised hin1 io fii ilinJscli lor the bar, offering, if he could make his O\\ n board. to give hin1 insil"Uct ion and le1Hl hi1n the b< J(Jks necessary lor the stnd_v of il1c la\\. 1 fc readily accepted the d!Tcr, and was in due ti1nc acbnitted to the bar. This was ()_A. T..ochranc, in after )"CaJ-s Justice <)f ihc S11pre1nc Ccntrt of Ccorgia. l Te Curn1ecl a p;u-tncrship with Thos. l-. Camak and soon af1er tnarriccl a daughter o[ 1-lenr_v (~. Latnar. .:\fr. 1.,a1nar tl1cn livecl in .\Ir. l:pson's house 011 I 'rince . \ vennc \Yhere the n>arriage took place. . \ fierwarcls ihe_y all 1novccl to :.\f acun. CHAPTEH X\T Son1e of n1y readers will ren>embcr a little old lady, dressed in d1ab, with a poke bonnet, and car trumpet, very deal, and very active in the 't ) r 155 years before the war. This was l\1adan1e Con- vain. The following autobiographical sketch given IDe by her grancldaugllter, J\1rs. S. C. Reese, will introduce her: wl'he long litcra1y of n1y nam_c is Rosalie Rcnie l\1arie Claudine Joscphlnc Y \TOn \in cent Dennis, de K cdc.t:.on, de 'l'rohriaud, daughter oi Chcvclier de Trol)liand. l \Y;-tS bon1 7th of l\lay, 1777, in Trcguicr. lhittany. Transported by the events of the Reyolution, \\itb rny parents, and put under the surycillancc of the Rcpnblicans at l\IontlllartJc. 11ect r P;uis, [ married Genctal .i\nge de la J )crrictc in I7<:JJ. I hayc t'\'vo sons-one dead. :\ l y pre ~eni li\ing ~on is Col. . \ng-e Adrian de la Pcnictc. [ nJatTiccl a second titne, l\1.. Gouvain, a 1nost a1niablc gcntlen1a11, but not of nobility, but highl) respectable and intelligent, in 1799. 1 have t\YO bcautifnl children. VVillia1n and Iviarie . \ntoinctic. I first canw to .\tnerica on a visit, by ilJ\"itation, to Governor ~I on roe, of Richn1ond, \"a., rBo2. Frmn there we go to West Indies, and stay three years, \\here \vas horn n1y daughter at :\lartinin uf his scrYices to the State of Ccoq:6a at Sa,annall dnriug the Revolution. The Count p:()1Jahly nc\rcr sa\\. it, but his desctip- tiun of it induced ).1ada1lle Couvain tu exchange lor it a yaluable plantaLion in the \Vest lndies and she can1e heee to occupy' it. J\1. Gun vain, \vho had been private secretary to Presideut _.:_\lontoe, had preceded \I.adan1e and built a ''chateau" on tbe present site of Lhe GcOl- gia Railroad depot. It \\as later kno-wn as the ''\Vilkerson place" and \\as n~moved to rnake roon1 for the depot. 'l'he frame rebuilt in a little house opposite the Cotton Compress bears no rcsetnblance tu the lcl\\ roofed chateau. ::\fadame C~ouvain '"as a chan11iug old lady, with all the graces of the French cou1t. And 158 how could she be otherwise. I--Ier first husband, l\ ngc De 1a Perriere was a general in the I<'rench anny. J-Icr sister, the Countess De Vue De Vil1ats, was maid of hono1 to the Empress Josephine at :2\1a1rnaison after Napoleon had divorced Iter. J\Tadcunc Gouvain was her neighbor and friend. She ,\as the aunt of Ceneral nolivar, the South :\merican patriot, for wh01n 11olivia \Yas ll~lmed. and she had been much in the society of the most rli">t-in.l?:nishccl people of her clay and gei~ eration. :\I ;:l_(]amc ( ;ou,ain \Yas small in stattue, active a11cl vi,acirms. ~llc \YTational l~ank around to "\IcDowcll's was rebuilt anew. The old Georgia Railroad depot on Carr's hill was built in 185() by :\Jr. ]aJnes Carlton. and the residence of Dr. Lyndon. at the head o Jackson Stn~ct was built by Dr. E. R. \\'are. Thusc lots \Ycst of Pnlaski Street were held by the Cniycrsity until 1857. when they wc1e sold, a:> follows: :-~, . .L) and --t--1- ..\Irs. Stovall's and lot in rear. sold to J- S. and S.D. Lin- ton. .. .. .. .... ~o. 34 :\Jr. \Idlahan, to Ceo. P. Fel- lows. ~o. 38 and 39, Dr. H. C. Vvhite to A. P. Dea',ring. . . . . . . . :-\o. 40. \. L. 1-Inll to "}.Irs. \Vrn. Dear- $I soo 500 8oo 111':.!,'- "\:o. --J--2, Dr. Lipsc()]nb to J. T. Lurnpkin. --:.oc--. 162 :\o. 43 Judge I-I errington and the Villa to ::\lary ::\J atthC\YS, :\o. 47 and ss. Dr. ]. A. l{nnnicutt to )no. F. Phinizy, Goo 1400 :\o. 48 and 57, Lucy Cobb Institute, ... 8oo ;:-.;l-'. -f_ Jlanison \Yill preach to-night. There ''ill be plenty oi gas. _\ s Dr. 11 aJTison ,,rts gi,cJJ to talk and soJnctilllC-" scattered badl_\ tllt ;HJllounccnJciJt \Yas greeted ,,ith applause. \\.hen Jc!Icrsun 1,anwr ,,-as Jllarried. in tllc 1niCcupant ha~ .-->cell :-;pooks ln the l1ousc or not. bul reputabh \\itnesses say tl1e: used to be seen--\\hcu the gut.sjdC', they took up every inch of space. Broad Street fronr the hotel dovn1. \\-a.c; a solid mass of human beings. It \vas the annual holiday o the negroes. and every clarkey frorn. ten tniles away came to town that day. ..c'-\round the old Tu\n1 Spring. hooths >Yere erected and tables spread. \iVatern1clon, chicken pies. ginger cakes, fl"icd chicken and len10nade tempted the hungr_\ Yisitot to 5pet1cl his quarter. Industrious n1e1chants cried and sang their ,,ares, and acquaintance: and kindred renewed their pledges and invit~Ltiions to "'con1c and sec 111e.'" The Yaricty of cnstmnes 1yas a tnarvel to beholcl-Inltslins and n::lveis. laces and homespun in every sty1e o fash~ ion fro1n the days o the _Revolution up. It \\as a gTeat clay. full of life and color, sunshine and dust. Tt was at such a tin1e that the stoty of Robert Toombs which has swnng touncl the circle of the papers uf 1atc years, represents hin1 expelled frmn college for ga1nbllng-, standing hcneath the old (Jak in front of the college chapel, pouring forth such bun1ing \-vords of eloquence that the chapel is deserted and the speakers left to cleclain1 to en1pty benches. Ancl fron1 this circtunstj"nce, ih e old tree has ever since been known as the r 171 Toon1bs Oak." It has even been saicl that on the day of 3/fr. 'l'oon1hs' death. the 'old oak wa~-:. sruck b~- lightning .mel clcstro:ccl. There is not ihc setnblance of tn1tl1 in the story. Tt \vas a frdxication of "fJcnry \\r. Ct-acly, who, in an adlniring- ~:ketch of the gTcat l;eorgian. wrutc charmingly of his ovcrwhehning eloquence and pninicd it \Yith a story dra-wn h01n his oyvn \ivid imaginat\(lt1 . . \uothcr annual fcsti\al \\ hich not n1any 110\Y recall 'Xa:-> the "hog killing-" on the plantation. l lo\\ ,-j,id the scene seems after nearly fift_,. years. 'T'hc n1orning is crisp ancl frosty. The prep<"-trations for the slaug-hter have been 1nade, the big f11c of logs sends the sparks ending high in air. ,,hilc ilw n,cks grow tcd hr11 thai are to heat the \\ater in the hog.-.hcad. 'nv:.~ neg-ro w01nen arc ~tl"C ~tanding at the tables ready to separate the leaf fat and the liYers. _\ sharp crack of a rifle is heard in the hog pen. ~\ hig hog drops and a fhrkcy deftly thrusts a sharp knife into its throat, gn-cs it a l\\"ist and out spirts the cri1nson blood. -\ few lllinntes n1o;e and hra\\ ne:-. black anns lift tile linip pmkcr. thrust him into the hf1g-shead of b~1iling \\atcr and out again in a jiffey. The hair i,, quickly scraped rJff.thc g-rarnbrcl is slipped be~ neath the tcnclrons. the porker is hung upon a pole and cliscmbrJwellecL Everybod:r is busy and the children revel in tid bits broiled over the hot fire on the end of a switch and scantily salted. The ( \ 172 \ I, next clay the busy 1nisircss superintends the cuiilng np of the meat with her willing at- I tendants frying out the lard, salting clown the hams and grinding up the sausage rneat. It is ;:1 festal season. The pigtails and the sparerib~ and big h01niny and the crackling bread! Food for ihc gods~ _\h those times arc forever gone! \ nd \Yhcrc \\ill you sec the big log- fixes with the hot bed of coals beneath. or the bank of ashes \'."]Jere the S\\ect potatoes lay roasting? \Vher'~"' ic; the oven. heaped around with coals wherein slcndy bakes the Christtnas fruit cake? .And ihc spit i1npaling- the \Yell lxownecl turkey? And the cr~;_ne on \\llich hangs the pot of savory n1eat? Cnne ~ .\ ll releg-ated to the 11111scun1 along- with the- chain armor of the middle ages. . \ncl where ;:u-e ihe old time neg-roes? Gone. ali gone: r \\"ell rcmendx~1- old L-nclc -:\like. the patriarch and f(J:-eman of the plantation. ");o hired overseer ga\e him orders. To his tnastcr alunc \\"aS he a11swerable. \Yith his ,,llitc wooley head and benign black face. the asperity of his dignity snficned hy the courtliness of his rnannerJ he \\cmlcl call up the hands ,,!th his cheerful "cmn"2 bcys ~-, and leacl then1 to the cotton field. ~\nd thc1-e was Big Dart of stalwart frarnc who cculcl cut a wider swathe than any of then1 as he swung the cradle in the \\~heat field. Ancl I ,ittle DufC, how the chips dicl fly from his axe as he downed'' the tall hickory in the \-YOods. i\.nd old 173 ~quit-e who had many a talc" to tell as he mended the plantation shoes or \YOVC the cotton ba ~kcts of the sn1ooth \Yhitc oak splits. ~ \nd old 1\unt _\ialinda ,-,ith a bandanna neatly tied around ber head and a kerchief pinned acro~.s her an1plc bosom. \Vhat visions of hoc cake and hroile.vas quite a nn1sician and went through the "var as bugler to tl1e Tnn1p ,'\rtillcry. 1-Ti.s ''Band'' after the \var \Vas in frequent dr::-m.:lncl c~nd he .._)peratecl a "Den1oc! at!r, h2tbe1 shop." until his death. For years 'OJd Tub" \Yas the frierHl of the col- 177 lege bo) s ancl they recall I-dnl \Yith his sightless C) es and his dilapidated beaver as e>ne of the fc:..atures of collq~e life. Le--wis was a slave of John 1-L Christy and l1is business ,,-as to tnrn the crank when tl1e ._)---oufhcru fVatclunan lxent to ptess. I 1e \\as e1nancipated by special proclatnat iun of the 1)resident of the L: nitecl States-along \\ lth others--and then took up the bnsiness of blind beg-g-at. Tub was qnitc successful at this and made a fairly good Ji,ing fur tnany yems. hut died at laeot in great pcnerty-. Cf-L\l'TER XIX. I do not suppose any t()\\"11 or city has been lcs~ iiJclined to toad_;. is111 than .\thens. 1--ler people ncYcr bu\ved tile knee 1\) gTealness nor sacrificed ti1eir self-respect to adulation o those in power. Too 1nany g-reat inen hacl spent their boyhood b.:.rc in college and hacl gone in and out antong the people \"\ith no gTeat clailll to worship. \Ye ''ere fa111i1iar \Yith great men (or a hundred years and had our own. had played with thcn1 as boys. l~clped thcn1 out o{ scrapes. lent the1n n1oue~ \\hen "broke." saved then1 frotD arrest; and nntst ,,e stand in silent adn1-iration when they- con1e h<1ck in after years. thoug-h loaded with honots? . \. ncl as to strangers, who "\Vere any better than our own statcsn1en and soldiers whose names g-lo\v in i'!e h-istory of the contry? \Vere not the Ltmtp- 17ii kins and Cohbs and Clayton and Doughel-ty an(i Hill our neighbors? \Vere not Craw{ord and Tr-oup and lJerrien and Jenkins otu- freqt:ent visitors? lla ve we not had Governors galore in our llmnes and,, ere not out- soldiers victors in a hnndrec1 battles? Did not Pierce and Pabner and Toombs and Stephens and Gordon play tnarbles \Yiih us in ,:.-ears gonC' by? Then io whon1 shoultl we kutow? :\s a n1aiier of fact the _'\thenian L the n1anne1 born kotows to nobody. But for g-Lnnine lHlspltcdity and courlesy to every class the old tin1e .Athenian ,,as unsurpasscJ. because he \Yas a gentleman; and because he knc''" he \Yas '' gentleman he wasn't stuck up. It is the cad \\ho z::-sumes a snpericnity to other n1en aud the sci 1c:r>nfessecl inferior \\ho rnns aftet- rncn of renovn1 . . \thens has been called the Classic City. not from her ancient n:tmesake. but because she ha-; hccn the acknowledged -'"'C'at of learning in Cem-gia for n1any years. She has ahvays had the a1nplest school facilitic~..; \ ftl:T the clC:"cline of the :3-J anual I ..abor School, .\Ir. ja1nes Fulton tanght a boy's school ncar the ];ishop residence on Jackson Street. 1-Ie \\"as a strict disciplinarian. and belie\'eci in a free usr: of the birch. Thece arc still among us son1e of his old pupils. who have a feeling- recollcclion o[ his attentions. ?vir. _A,__ l\{. ScuJ.cler succeeded to his patt-onage. occupying the little house near the colored Congregationalist Church before he built 179 the ''CenL:-c T-Ii11 _\caclcn1y. '' \\'here he taught a f1ourishing school for IT1any ;-ears. and \\'hipped h8lf the men in tO\Y11. Prof. \ Vi1lian1s Rutherfun1. before his appointrnent in the College faculty, taught in tlle romn yacatecl by 1\Ir. Scuc1(1Cr, ancl \Yas followed by ::\lr-. ,_thomas Seay. . \nd theJ-c \YeJe ~lr. !1a1-rett and olcl man Drive1 and ~fr. f [uni, aJl of "\VhOJll taug-ht ihe young idea with shn(Jts. _\ select school for boys \\as opened in I 859 l)y ~!r. H. P. _\clan1s-'01<1 Rip,'' as the boy.:) used to call hi1n-in a little house on the rear of Dr. Hull's lot. -:\fr. ~\da1ns \\"as the n1.ost anliahlc of 1ncn. and though the boys took advanta~c of that fact. as the best of hoys \Yi11, he "\yas n1nch beloved by them. all. ! I c did not believe in \\hipping- as a punishment. and ilw boys unanimouslY endorsed hin1 in this position. Two fa\orite pupils of ~Ir. \clams \Yen~ _\nclrew Lan1ar ~nd l l cnry Crady. \Yho were so devoted tn ead1 other tbal they \\TTC \Yont to kiss each other g-ood bye on parting. unlil alas! they set their affections on tile sanK: g-11"1 and no longer tnok pleasure in cad1 oilh~r';..; channs. :\ l iss Emily \ \"ithcrspoon beg-an teaching in 1g-13 and taught for 1nany years a school for clii!lLcn ncar hc1 residence. Some of our 1nost 111"0mincni citizens have learned thei1 letters at her knee. and dra\\"11 poi-hooks under her \\"atchinl eye, ad\'ancing throug-h the hhw black spcl1c1- to 180 the dizzy heights of Bullion's Latin Grmnmar. .:\1iss E111ily after pursuing the even tenor of her way, full of Christian charity, a daily blessing to nmny a poor neighbor, was honibly burned by the explosion of a lar11p and died in January 1906. The .r'\thens Female Acaden1y was first presided over by Rev. Thornas Stanley, father of the late :Jiajor Stanley, and in 1845 by Carlyle P. Martin. Later, J\Irs. Coley took charge and n1aintained a flourishing school till the close of the war. The old house was burned in 1872. To others besides the writer does "Mrs. Coley's school" bring up nlctnories of happy days gone by. The "Grove School" for girls was taught in what is now the Catholic Chapel, under the direction of Mr. Cobb. Mrs. E. Bishop, Mrs. William Gerdine, and Miss Galloway, a sister of Ivlrs. Alex T. Akennan were successively in charge of the school, and n1any ladies of Athens once sat under their instruction. There was another Grove School at a later date taught by Miss Julia Moss and I happen to have an old progran11ne of one of her commencelnents. ]in1 Barrovv spake "The two squirrels." Yancey I--Iarris recited <'I can and I can't." Johnnie Moss delivered an Eulogy on Debt" and Gerald Green told of "The Geography Demon." _._~11 did well and gave prmnise of future distinction In 1854, a con1n1unication appeared in the Southern Watchman earnestly deprecating the 181 necessity of sending Southern girls to Northern schools to be educated, and appealing to the patriotisn1 of Georgians to found a high school for Georgia girls. This led to action which resulted in the building of the Fen~ale Fiigh School in 1857 The conununication referred to was written by Mrs. Williams Rutherford, and it was the patriotisn1 other brother, Thon1as R. R. Cobb, all ignorant oi the author that responded to the appeal. To his energy and aid '\hras due the beginning and completion of the school, and in recognition of his work the Trustees narned it, after a beloved daughter, "Lucy Cobb Institute." The exercises were first opened in January, 1859, under Principal Wright, and the May festival and concert given that year is still ren1en1bered as a n1ost brilliant occasion. An1ong the notable characters in the history of education in Athens was Dr.,. Alonzo Church who was President of the University fro1n 1829 to 1859 and was for forty years a metnber o:f the faculty. Dr. Church was a native of V ennont and a graduate of Middlebury College. Soon after his graduation he went to Eatonton, Georgia, to take charge of the acaden1y at that place. He there met and 1narried Miss Sarah Trippe, a lady of superior accon1plishn1ents and rare beauty. Con1ing to Athens in 1819, as professor of mathe- 182 n~atics, Dr. Church conducted his deparbnent with c1ninent success and so impressed ihe '1'rnstC'es by his fo1ce of character, that upon the re-tirement of President \Vaclcleii, he was at once nnaJJimously chosen in his place. In person, Dr. Church was tall and well-pro- portioned, oF clark complexion, with lustrous b!ack eyes and hair, graceful in carriage ancl cl!gnified in hearing. [-:Ie \Y:lS of a quick te111per and absolutely fearkss, but had g-reat self-con- trol. \Yell behaved students had respect and af- I rcction for him, hnt tl1e disorderly feared and ;.vniclcd him n1ore than any other n1etnber of the h~cnlty. He was a rigid clisciplitJarian, prompt 1' correct and rebnke the slig-htest indication of ll d1sordcr or inattention in his class-room; and yet ' ir! his kindness of hea1t, he \\oulcl l1elp along an ill-prepared stndcnt almost to the extent of re- citing- the lesson for hiru. It w:1s the c-uc:,t tl1e1-e was con1n1itted one of tl1ose senseless I c~utrages that students are sornctin1es led into i without considering its crin1inality or its possible I results. -:.\Lr. ~IcCay was at the ti1ne Professor oF civil engineering. J )uring his absence one night. his room was fon;.ibly entered. his books. bedding and clothing taken out and burned back 01. .:'(cw College. Thc1c were nnrncrous witnes- ses to the burning. bllt tfl~<'re was son1c difficulty in finding out wbo were the guilty pa1ties. The: students arraigned before the faculty all adn1.ittccl bc::ing there, but declared they were trying to put out the fire and save the clothes. !vir. 1\1cCay stTongly suspected several boys. one of thcn1. young l\1 r. I)caring. who, it was afterwards shown was innocent, and accused thern before the Faculty. This accusation led to a difficulty and a challenge from Dr. \iVillian1 E.. Dearing, an older brnthct o:f the accused. :;\;[r. fdcCay prornptly accepted the challenge and a n1ceting r was arranged to take place at the old cetnetery I just back o:f the can1pus. 1\n atnicab1e settle- I ment was tnacle before shots were exchanged, l1t1t Profcss(w l\[cCay at once sent in his n~signa lion to the Prnclential Con11nittee. 1-le was rc- (JUested to continne in his chair t1ntil the rnecting uf the Board. The tnaiter l1aving been brought up, a long, spirited discussion ensued, v.:hich re- sulted in the Professor being pcnnitted, by a close vote, to withdra\v his resignation. 188 One night a student provided himself with a "locust" made of a match-box v.rith parchment stretched over the end, through which a horse hair was passed. This interesting toy, when twirled around, made a loud, rasping noise like the insect front which it took its name. Quietly climbing into the trap hole in the passage by Mr. ~1cCay's door, he made his locust sing. As he expected, Mr. McCay at once came out into the passage, looked up and down, but seeing no one went back. The locust began singing again and imntediate1y the Professor enterged. Silnultanec.usly the noise ceased. Baffled again, Mr. McCay returned and stood behind his door. At the repetition of the noise, he suddenly threw open the door and the noise suddenly ceased. Then he pulled off his shoes and slipped up to the end of the hall, shutting his door rather noisily to deceive the aggressor. But as the mischievous boy was looking at him all the time, the n1atchbox was sile:Lit. Then the professor went back to his roon1 and the noise was repeated. Finally, he located the disturber of his peace and deliberately brought his table, Iarnp, and chair and took his seat outside the door, determintd to catch the offender if it took a11 night. It did not take so long, for the discmnfort of his situatior~ and the certain prospect of spending the night in the attic, brought about an unconditional surrender of the "locust," which was followed the 189 next day by the usual summons before the faculty. After Mr. McCay left the University, he be- came professor at Columbia, and subsequently, was n1acle President of South Carolina College Re1noving later to Augusta, Georgia, he engaged in banking and insurance business and acquired a handson1e property. After the close of the war, he went to Baltimore, where he spent the ren1ainder of his days. In 1879 Mr. McCay proved his lasting interest in the University with which he was so long connected by executing to the Trustees a deed of gift to seven thousand dollars in bonds upon the following trusts and limitations, to"\vit: That the interest on this fund shall bt collected and reinvested so that it shall be cmnpounded annually until the expiration of twenty-one years after the death of the last sur~ vivor of twenty-five persons, all of whom are named and the youngest of who1n was an inlant at the time. ''And after the lapse of the said time, the said trustees shall continue to keep the aggregate sum so accun~ulated on the bonds and stocks before .n1entioncd, as a pcrn~anent fund, and shall use the interest or dividends therefrom for the payment of the ::;alarics oi professors or lecturers in the University of Geofgia, residing in Athens, Ga., where the University ls 1Gcat.ed." So1ne years later, by n~utual consent, the bonds delivered to the trustees were exchanged by Mr. 190 ~I cCay for State of Georgia bonds of the face value of $rs.ooo. The fund now atnounts to about $35,000. It has been cstin1ated that about one hundred years will havc expired before the interest of this fund can be available under the trust. In that tin1c, if no disaster befall, the fund will have an1ountccl to several niillions, and the University will have a large inc01nc frotu that source vvi:th \Yhich to pay the salaries of its professors. .:\Tore than passing not-ice is due to sornc of the Professors whc severed their connection with the L~nivetsity in the upheaval of r8s6. The LeContes were native Georgians, hoth alun1ni and honor 111en o the Cnivcrsity. Their ci;fficulties here \\'ere by no rncans due to incapacity or lack of effective teaching. Both 111en '")f piety and pure lives, lovable in their characters. devoted to scientific research. they had the active talent which has put them in the front rank of .\n1erica's sa'Z.:ants. They, with Professors Bronn and \renable, represented the advanced thought of the clay. They believed the University should be at least a high-grade college, and that university n~ethods should be introduced at Athens. Dr. Church, consenrative and wise, opposed radical changes being 1nacle and declared that the university syst.enr was unsuited to the age at \\hich students attended this college. The young p1 ofessors espoused the geological doctt-ine of 191 the creation of the wodd. Dr. Church abhorrecl i~ as the rankest heresy. The one party \\"ere d:sposccl to relax the exactions of police duty on the can1pns and to put n1ore responsibility for good conduct on tl1e boys then1sclves. Dr. Cl1t1rch n:ganled strict discipline as the foundation stone oc the college edifice. \ Vith such cliYergent yie\YS, a rupture \\"as in(.'VitaLlc, and the noard. tlle1nseh:es consenyatiYe almost to ''old fogyism,'' sustained the 1>resideut when the issue \\"as 111ade. The LeContes went to Colmnbia. S. C .. a1Hl afte1 the war. to the CniYersity of Californi detect a Jcccption, he clicl not hcstiiate to visit his scorn upon the deceiver; and, if by chance, he did any injustice to a student, he was quick io offer hin1 the apologjr due a gcntlcn1an in the presence of the class. He endeavored to cultivate in the :young n1en under hin1 an innate love for truth ;:ttld honor for their own sake. Col. hlhnston was a favo1itc with all-young and old, stndcnts, faculty ancl citizens. I Te and 1\!(rs. Johnston. hoih accuntpishccl musicians, were always in clcrnand at e-very social gathering, and there -.,vas universal tcgrct when they left Athens to open a ho_ys' school ncar Sparta. Subsequently removing to !1altin1orc. Col. Jol1nston conduct- eel a most Jlourishing school at \Vaverly. In later years he cle\roted hitnscl [ to writing character sketches of Georg1a follcs, ancl all his "ontpnt" \Yas readily in detnand [or the tnagazines. Though advanced in years, his heart kept young and his n1e1nory green. The news of his death was receiYed ..:-\orih and South with sorrow and regret. A fine old gentletnan was CoL John Billups. He ,-.,.as born a fe,v n1.iles below J\thens in the house ,-.,.here old John .:\lilledge's cotntnittee 111et to locate the Lniversity. Col. l~illups was a typical planter of the old regime. He owned a large and fertile plantation and n1an_y negToes, n1ade lots of tnoney, spent what he wanted aru...l saved ."Otlle. I Ie built a 196 fine old h01ue where .:\lrs. Russ Crane nu\-v lives and which vvas deshoyed by fire after his death. l-Ie lived in afiluence; his buys had horses and negroes, his daughters all they desired. 'rhe Colonel was a 1nau of influence in the con1munity. T--!e \Vas an ardent \Vhig and \vas at different tin1es in the Lcg-islat11re, Speaker of the J-Iouse and P1esi dent of the Senate. I-le was or ) ears a Trustee ul the 'L~niversity and was prolllincnt iu every public nlovcnlent. I recall hin1 a-.; an ulcl genilen1an of gTeat dignity and ext1e1ne courtesy; clean shaven, ''ell dressed, nearing a standing collar and high stock ,walking with a cane which struck the ground with an "I said it and I 1nean it" air. Col. Billups was of the kind of 111en who n1ade the ()ld South the glory o ,-\merica. Georgia has had no 11101e distinguished citizens than the hrothe1s, \Vilson and Joseph fl. Lnrnp- k111. l)()ih natives u Ogletlwrpe c_;ounty. Th.; une the eldest, the other the youngest of eight { children, and as (lissitnilar as brothers could be. One a shrewd politician, the other abh01ring poli- tics; one cmninanding by his ability, the other persuading hy his eloquence; one robust in his aggressiveness, the other fond of study; one a naptist, the other a Presbyterian; one an adherent of Clarke. the other o[ Troup; one a Den1ocrat, the other a \i\Thig; one tall, the other short in 197 st_afl11T. h-!.11 1)()i11 111cn ('f ;.,iriki;lg pn:.:~en-.:c. .v School, cllcunling then1 alike hy the elegance of his language and the thoroughness of his knowledge. I-T e wa.s a gTeat temperance advocate. ancl his voice, al- 199 t\ays heard on the ::;ide of rig:hteou;.;ncss, \\as :1 po\Yer for good. Judge Lumpkin \Ya:::; the hrsl Chief .Justice ot Georg-ia. Chief JusLice !Hucklcy said of hi111: ''Jiis liLerary po-iYer was in vocal utterance. fn the spoken \Yonl.s he \YClS a liten1ry genius, fax surpassing any uLher Georg-ian living m dead, l have c\er kncnnL Inclcccl, fnnn no oiher n1ortal lips ha\-c J l1eard such hannonies and swectsoundinp,- seutences a;.; can1e fn)ln his. rl'hose who ne\er s;lw and hearcl hitn cannot be nmdc t:J realize \\hat a g-reat 1naster he iYas.'' J uclge J . umpkin clie(l June 4. 18Cl;, Jrmn a stroke o[ paralysis . . \ltlwugll the pet-s()ns of tYhmn L an1 110\V writing 11\ed after the -,yar, they belong tnote properly tc the antc-belh11n pctiod, when they were in the tnericlian of their powers and at the !1eight of ilteiJ influence in the con1munit_,.. One oi the mo:::;t (listinguished of out citizens was Dr. H..id1ard D . .:\ [oorc. , \ nati\c _\thcnian. his entire life was ::;pent atncmg- his O\\n pcopk. >Yho esteemed him in his boyhood and honored him in his n1ature age_ ()n every question of pulllic interest his voice \\as heard, lcarlessl; clcchuing his position and actively \vorking for the public good, and to his energy and influence the (_~niversity_. of \Vhich he was long- an active Trustee, O\\TS the gifL of -:\Ioore College by tho::. city. Dnt it \\as in the sick roo111 that Dr. ::\ioore's 200 genius shone forth. I-Tis IDanncr was so cheerful, his eye so brighi_. his stDilc so assuring, that Jus entry into the roon1 was a tonic to his patient, and a visit fron1 such a physician was better than 1nedicine. He l1ad the gift of dcsccrning, ah11ost at a glance, what was the matter with his patients. 1'o illustrate th-is faculty, Governor Cobb n.-;ecl to tell a stor_y of his being sntnn1oned suddenly to a 111an "\Vho had been badly hurt by an accident. Enteting the cloor he saw the sufferer lying on a bccl, ancl at once retnarkcd: "Yon have broken your collar bone." I-Ie proceeded to set the fracinre, and soon left the n1an tolerably cOJn{ortab1c. This was, of course, an exaggeration. but he rarely asked a patient how he felt, forming hi:-, own opinions fron1 his own percepiions. Dr. ). Loore 1narried first a granddaughter of Richanl Stockton, one of ihe signets of the Declaration of Independence, and afterward IVIiss McAllister, of Savannah, who snrviveU hirn thirty years. Charitable, refined and courteous, his death was felt tc be a public calan1ity, and to very 111any like the loss of a near rc1ati ve. No sketch of Athens would be con1plete \vithout a reference to J\!Irs. Gully. For years she was the only professional beggar in the place, and this exclusive privilege she enjoyed until her death. Two ldiot sons were sent to the asylum. .0-:ancy was given in 1narriage to Stephen Shields, ::mel, relieved o the care of he1 children, she re- I I ( I I I /' 201 duced begging- to a fine art. She always asked for flour, declining ihc offer of meal, becanse corn-Dread hurt her teeth. 1Icr taste in sugar was refined, and as to sorglnun, she wouldn't hear t0 it. Her habitation was this side of the upper bridge, but there \vas no beauty in it that she should desire to stay there and she didn't. Another character was Joscph Zcbenec, a Frenchman, better known as "Keno." A butcher by trade, he \vas ready to take up any o!:!ter profession when :requested to do so, anLl ~ uitabl:v revvarded for the eXercise of his talents. }fe slaughtered goat, kid and dog,_ and it all becatne Jan1b in his skilful hands. --H~ -was \vont ~G take hts n1cats to the cook, saying her n1aster had oldclcd it. _,_"\.ftcl- it vvas cooked and eaten the master, of course, paid for it. "IZeno" stood greatly in a\ve of Betsy, his wife, wh0 did tFJt hesitate to whip hin1. \Vhen she thotH:;l1t he deserved it. \Vhen the wat; began he b1avccl the cannon's 1110t1th to escape Detsy's, and did valiant service as cook for General Howell Cnhh. CHAPTER XXII. l\o citizens of _Athens were ever n1orc identified with her interests that the broe:~ers !\sbHry and :Henry Ilu1l. C01ning to the town with their father, the Rev. 1-Iope 1-In11, in iLs lnfanc_;r, the) hved he1e all their lives, one dying c-lt sixty-eight, 2U2 tile other Asbury Hull was a J:L\'_\-Cl- iJ_\ t,; t]Jc ;tclmilli:--:tration i )i_'-=:nificd. calm and impartial. he \\ a; .alkd t.; 1':-,_:-iclc at all publi'-- 11K'Ctil1!2.-~ oi' thr: da~,-- an-1 ."'crved 1n the Legi.".Jatnre, botll a:~ Spe:t.kce o the l [onse ancl President oi the Senat:.:.. [-lis ~me e;ity and piety inspired all classes with the Ltmost confidence in the nwn, and tlwugh ~1i.s npi "l<,n on e--ery qne.<-;tion was declared without rcscne. no ,;orcl o.f aught but re.<-;pec.t ,,as ever nLtcred by lns .<-;trongest pol-itical opponents. I-I.~ \',as a Euent speaker and especially fervent in lJl'aycr. ~\1r. J-J n11 wa~ long the Cashier of tl--:~ ;-:;tate !3cL::k here, the Presiden L o.f the Southern j\ I vtual Insurance Company and .for forty-seven years Treasurer o.f t11e LTniversity. ITis death, occurring in 1k()(), was sudclcn and painless. lie had concluded ntorning prayers with his fan1ily. A_ fc\\- ntinntes later hi." \Yl.fe went -in to call hirn to breakfast, and fonnd hin1 sitting -in ltls chair with 1li~ Bihlc in his hands, clc~d. l)r. T-Jenry I-Iull was a practicing physician for ten years, and in the n1eantin1e was elected a Trustee of the College. In 1829 he was elected 1-)ro.fcssor of 2\-Iatllernatics. when Dr. Church was made President, and g-ave np his profession to accept it. T-Ic occupied this chair for sixteen years, and under his instruction sotne o the n1ost prontluent men of Georgia passed into pnblic 1ie. 203 DL I-1 nll was a g-eneral fayorite \Vith faculty and students, and in their cliHlculties the latter counted on his aid and syn1pathy. In the class-roorn he was accusimned 1o begin the recitation by calling 011 the student nearest hilll. One day he unexpectedly called on the occupant of the other end of the bench. who said: "Dociot, I did not learn tLaL" ''_\nd \\hy not?" said the Professor. "Because. candidly replied the student. ''I expected you wonlcl l)egin at the other end of the bench." 'J'he Doctor smiled and aclv1sed him not to depend on thai chance in fuiute. Dnring his tenn of office Dr. Hull nwde the acquaintance of l'vL );ichoai. the French astronomer. who \'isited at l1is house and \Yith who he becarne quite intimate. They made together n1any observations, and DL 1-lull materially aided the scientist in the objects or his visit to Georgia. l~esigning- his chair in 1 R40, Dr. Hull passed the rest oi his days in the congenial occupation of L:nning and study. Tq.ll and graceful in bearing, (~ignifie(l, without ansteriiy, with the courtesy born with the true gentlernan, he attracted alike il:;e young and old. TTe \Yas fond of young people, and his sytnpathies "\Vith their plans and pleas- ures drew thetn to bini -with love and affection. I-J e lived beyond the tin1e allotted to man, enjoyiug excellent health. a typical gentlen1an of the old school, and aftet- a brief illness died where he 204 had lived nearly all his life, in the eighty-third year of his age. Greensby W. Darbcr-"Wcd" Barber, as he was universally known-was a rare character. I vsc the word "rare" advisedly. Fie was a rnan of sterling integrity, with rnore than his share of ''horse sense," whatever that tnay n1ean. I-Ie had a keen wit and would perpetrate a joke on his best friend. 1-Iis house for many years was on the hill beyond the upper bridge, and he owned all the land between the road and Sandy creek. I-le offered his place once as a large tract of bottorn land, and when an inquirer, finding thai it was rnostly poor hillside, asked an explanation, :\Tr. Barber replied that all the top had been washed off and there was nothing left but bottol11. Fie believed in sand as a rernedy for indi-gestion. I-Ie said that the sand acted rnechanically and held the vicfuals down, the tendency of the food being to rise up and return to the rnouth. He declared also that it acted rnora11y; that dyspeptics were "chicken-hearted," and the remedy put "sand in the gizzard." and converted cowardly dyspeptics into the bravest heroes. I-Ie said a teaspoonful of sand after each meal would enable you i.o digest hicl-cory nuts if you kept it up, and would insure peace to every family. ::\Ir. Barber was born near the fan1ous "Barber's Spring," opposite lVIr. Linton's, and died in 205 Uarbersville, in the esteen1 of the c01nmunity arnong wh01n he had spent his entire life. Rarely do two such 111en belong to the same tO\Yn as Howell and Thomas R. R. Cobb. Still n1ore rarely to th~ sarne family. Dr. Hull, who was on intirnate tenns with their father's family, left this sketch of the brothers: "'The question has often been asked, \vhich was the n1ore talented of the two? One ntay as well inquire \vhich the greatest genius, a great painter or a great philosopher? There is no unit of measurernent with which to con1pare them. So of these two brothers-their n1incls were of different structure. The Governor controlled men by unequalled n1anagement and tact; the General by the irresistible force of argun1ent. The Governor was the greater politician, the General the greater lawyer. \iVhile the wonderful talents of both con1rnanded respect, the social qualities, the genial bonhmnie, the generous open-heartedness of the Governor secured your love; the co1n1nanding power of intellect prorninent in all the General said or did excited the adntiration. The Governor would, in cmnn1ercial language, look at the sun1 total of an account, without regard to the iten1s, or grasp the conclusion of a proposition withour: exmnining each step of the dernonstration. 'rhe General received nothing as true that could not be proved, and subn1itted every question to the cn1cible of reason before he pronounced their 206 absolute truth. I do not speak of their public acts, but ren1e111ber then1 only as boys, students and fellow-citizens. The Governor was generous and liberal altnost to prodigality. When his father, frm11 a reckless disregard of ccmJon1y and \ n1isn1anagcnK'nt of his affairs, had al1owed his debts to accnm.ulate to an an1onnt which could not } he paid by the sale o all his property, the Gover- nor devoted the whole or a handsmne estate (left ! hin1 by his uncle, 1-Iovvell Cobb, for \vhon1 he was nmnccl) to the licruidation of the ren1aining liabilities, so that no 1nan should say tl1at he had becen I i11jured hy his father. \Vith a hand open as day tn melt1ng charit:y, he 'gave to those who asked of hi111, and ro1n those who would borrow of hin1 he turned not away. i\nd tnany vvere the cases of a princely g-enerosity and charity which were never heard of in tl1is world, but weTe recorded elsewhere. The General gave as m.uch, or perhaps 1nore, in proportion to his means, than did l the Governor, but in a different way. I-Iis bene- factions were gover11ed by the rl.ictates of reason than by the impulses of feeling. All plans suggested fo1 the pron10tion of the good of the I public received l1is efficient and hearty support, J-f e took a lively interest in everything connected \ with the prosperity of the town, University, I schools and churches. l-Ie was the founder of the J .. ucy Cobb Institute, anrl_ contributed more of his time, influence and n1oney to insure its success 207 than any half-dozen n1en put together. IIe was prmninent in everyr association of which he was a tnen1ber. ..:---\ nwn of the nwst wonderful versatility of talent, he would concentrate the power of his wonderful n1incl on the propriety and necessity of secession, on son1e intricate and abstruse point of law, on the best n1anner of conducting a Sunday school or on any subject that n1en thought of and talked about, with equal facility, and as if the matter under discussion was the only one he had ever studied, and 'vith a rapidity of transition fron1 one to another, the n10st dissin1ilar, that was startling. 'l'he patient and long-continued investigation of the most abstruse subject was pastin1e to hin1, and after such labor he would tneet you with a cheerful sn1ile on the brightest face, and 'crack his jokes' as if he did nothing else all his life. He surely was the tnost retnarkable 1nan o his day." Thotnas R. R. Cobb 1nade the first political speech of his life before the Georgia Legislature in November, 186o. The effect of it was what we n1ay suppose follo-wed the great peroration of Patrick Ilenry, when he exclain1ed: "Give rne liberty or give n1e death !" l\1en went wild with enthusiasm_, and the speaker was the idol of the day. He entered that can1paign with the fiery zeal of Peter the Hennit, arguing, detnanding, threatening, entreating by pen and speech, until his audiences were won to enthusiastn for secession. 208 ~\sa soldier he was y,.:ithout fear. In battle he was cool and tenacious. GencTal Lee wrote of him: ''i\s a patriot and a soldier his death has left a gap in the anny which his n1ilitary aptitude and skill rcncler it hard to fill." In the battle of Fredericksburg- his brigade vvas stationed behind the stone wall, the target for six successive attacks of ll1e Federal arrny. In an intetval of the attack General Cobb had disn1ountecl and was walking up aud clown the road, encouraging his 1ncn, when a piece of shell struck hirn, seveting the fcnwral artery. I-Ie lived but a short tinE', and when the news of his death was known in .Athens there was sorrovv jn every house and tears in every heart. r-Iowcll Cobb was a genial, wann-hcattcd, lovable 1nan, loving a good joke, even if it \vas on hi111self. l-Ie "\Yould go to extren1e lengtl1s to aid a friend, and harbored no auinwsity to an enen1.y. l1Jclecd, he had no enen1ies, unless political oppencuts cou1cl be called so, and his antagonisn1. toward the1n was against groups rather than individuals. In 1862 General Cobb-then Colonel-met an officer on General McClellan's staff near Richmond, to agree upon a cartel for exchange of prisoners. .l\fter business was dispatched they engaged in son1e very pleasant conversation, dur-ing which Colonel Cobb said that the two greatest calamities v..-hich ever befell the htuDan race r I ( : I l I r 209 were the fall of .Adan.. and the landing of the ::\layflo\vcr. The officer repeated it to McClellan, '-'Vho enjoyed it itn1ncnsely. General Cobb \\as veqr stout_____:___,_ah11ost Falstaffian in proportions, and physically was unfitted for the activity o military service. It was probably due tu this fact that he was transferred fron1 the Virginia anny to Georgia, where the soldier's life was not so strenuous. ..:\ficr the war Gcnetal Cobb vY<=lS disfranchised, but joined Ceneral 'I'omnbs ancl Genjan1in I-I. J-l ill in advising the people not to accept the reconstruction acts of Congress. Their gtcat Bush 1\rbor speeches arc a patt of Georgia history, in which they took the position thai the South had been conquered, but her people should still n1aintain their honor by refusjng to 1atify acts which not only \Vere offensive but had been passed ,vhile they were allowed no part in the legislation. In the 1nountain counties of Georgia the Union men had waged a civil \var with Confederate sympathizers, in which the bushwhacker made assassination his occupation. Colonel J. H. Hug- gins' house was burned,and he did not clare to gu back. Colonel .l'\nclrew J. Young had hung and shot so nmny 111en without n1ercy that his life "..-as no longer safe in Georgia. When ~t was arranged that General Cobb should speak at Hon1er, certain parties threatened to shoot him if he should go. Nevertheless he 210 went, hut he refused to sleep in any house, and permitted no one to sit bellind hin1 on the platform, saying if there was io be any shooting he \\'Clilied no innocent persons shot. General Cobb spoke his mind fearlessly to a great crowd, but then.: was no shooting-. \\-hen on a visit to New York in 1868 Genetal Cobb \\as stricken with beart failure as he was ascending the stairs in the I-<'ifth Avenue 1---Iotcl, and died im1ncdiatcly. CJL\PTER XXlll. Fron1 its cadiest days Athens has not suffered fro111 \Yant of Inilitaty ardor. But the first o1ganizatiou of \vhich 1ve have any record, not counting the company of students-the "Franklin Blues"-was in 18.31, when the Geotgia Guards was organized, -.,yith :1\:' athanicl 1\. J\clan1s, Cap- tain, H.. n. I-Jonghton, James C. Edwards and Eli 1--.:::. Clark, Lieutenants. 'fhey were uniformed and anned in time to celebrate the glorious Fourth in great st:-rlc in the Baptist chmch, and afterward drink it duwn at Captain Brown's tavern. ln 183CJ a company of rnen was forn~ed for the Sen1inolc war \\ith J an1es Lyon, Captainc and \Villian1 E. Jones, Burton, }-fides and Randolph Harden for Lie11tenants. \Nillian1 E. Jones was the editor of the Athens TVIziJ?,. l-Ie was very smart and a warn1 adherent 211 of the 'froup party. \Nhile a student in college Dr. Singleton, a Clark 111an (the father of ).1 rs. F. \V. L,ucas), vvas a candidate for Congtcss fr01"n the State at latge. 1-\_bout a n1onth before the election Jones wrote to the ~1up;usfa Se;lfiucl a notice of Dr. Singleton's death, and paid a beautiful tribute to his worth. Ji '\Vas copied in t11e Savannah, JVIilledgeville, }/Iacon and Columbus papers, each adding a word of reg-ret for his untimely death. The-re being no railroads or telegraph in those clays, and only weekly mails, no opportunity was afforded to deny the report before the election was held, and Dr. Singleton was unanin1ously defeated. Jones sold the fhig to h1s brother and went to Texas. VVhile attending a court near the Rio Grande son1e of Santa .-\una's pickets crossed over, captured judge, jury and laYyers and rnarchecl then off to a :I\1exican prison. \Vhile they languished there in durance vlle they devised a plan for escape by tunnelling under the wall, but '\vere discovered. Their jailer was a fat old l\'Iexican of rotund proportions, whom the prisoners had dtthbe .Athens he edited the S~outhern Banner until the beginning of the war. CoL J-Iill was interest- ed in everything that \vas going on. I-fe was Captain of the Fire C01npany, belonged to the Guards, organjzed the .Artillery, chaperoned picnics, lead the danc-es ani filled a large place 215 ;:1 the social life of the town. I-le 1vore his hair ;ong and parted in the rnidclle and his beard long and pointed; in fact he wns distinguished by having the longest beard of any n1an in iown. Tic was a great l.H:'au 1n society and a yery general favorite. Cl L"cPTER XXI\~ . . \~ c:1rly as tX:;o the prnpagancla of ah)Ltin11 of slavcq began to arouse the antagonisn1 of the A\ihenians, but the cloud secrnecl a long way off and the n1nttering of the thnncler was very faint, and \YC cEcl not worry tnnch over it. But when the Ecpnblicans, as the 1<\ee Soil Party callecl then1selvcs, put out a candidate for President it became interesting, and when the Dcn1ocratic Convention split at Charleston it became acute. Tt 1vas then evident to thinking- n1en that the i\boli6onists would elect their candidate. In that event \vhat shou1d the South do? It was this questlon >.vhich produced a conflagration tLat swept the country and stirred Athens fron1 center io circwnsiance. Leading Detnocrats openly declared ihere could Le no other course but io secede frmn the 1Jnion. Conservative \Vhigs hoped for an adj nsttnent which would preserve the LTnion and in the hearts of all then:h~rkecl the hope that Lincoln would be defeated. \i\lhen the telegtaph announced the certainty of 216 A brahan1 Lincoln's election there was intense excitetnent in Athens. A 1nass n:1eeting was held ir-. which all parties united and Mr. T. R. R. Cobb 1nacle a stirring address in which he first declared for secession. Before this Mr. Cobb had taken no part in politics but had assiduously addressed 11in1self to the practice of law. But fron1 now on all his energies were devoted to the salvation of the South fron1 what he believed to be ihe destruction of a11 her liberties and to the preservation of her independence. Travel then was co1nparatively slow, the tnails vvere irregular, the telegraph uncertain. Every passenger brought news from_ the Nortl1. Rumors of in1possible conditions \verc rife and were repeated fro1n Inouih to rr1ouih and with every repetition g-ained in sensation. Strangers were looked upon with suspicion, Northerners were looked at askance and spies were talked of and spotted here and there. J-\ n1an living about four Iniles fr01n to\vn prmnulgatcd his free soil sentiments for which he \Vas arrested and tried in the Town I I all by the citizens before Intendant Lyle. The prisoner badly frightened, declared he didn't know it was any hann, recanted his opinions, and was released. l\!Iectings were held aln1osi daily and groups of tnen gathered on the <>trects to discuss the neyvs. The Legislature was in session and by invitation Mr. Thos. R. R. Cobb addressed the men1bers on the situation. 217 That speech was one that lives in the history of the State. liis voice was for in1111ecliatc seces- sion. After .enforcing his reasons with all the logic at his com.n1and he closed vvith these words: ((On the night of the sixth of N ovcn1ber I called rny \'l'ife and little ones together around 1ny fa111ily altar and together we prayed to God to stay the wrath of our oppressors and prescne the Lnion I; of our fathers. T'he rising sun of the seventh of Nove1nber found rnc on n1y knees begging the san"lc kind father to n1ake that wrath to praise him and the re1naindcr of wrath to restrain. I believe that the hearts of n1en are in His hands, and when the telegraph annouhcccl to 1ne that the voice of the :i'J orth proclairned at the ballot box that I should be a slave, I heard in the sa1ne sound the voice of n)-y God speaking through his providence and saying to his child, ai3c free! Be free!" The effect upon his audience vvas in describable. l\1en went wild with enthusiasm and frmu that hour it was deternTined that Geor- gia should no longer rcm.ain in the Union of States. Soon after this l Ton. 1-Iowell Cobh rc- ~igned the office of Sccrcta1~ oi tl1c T't-casur~. under President Bnchanan and carne honte. The Legislature called a convention of the State to "hich Asbury Hull, Thos. R. R. Cobb and J cffcrson Jennings were elected delegates fron1 Clarke County. In the n1cantinu~. ne,vs 21M \\as received of the secession of South Carolina v.,hich produced the greatest enthusiasn1. The en.:nt was celebrated by a great torchlight procession in which a thousancl1nen took part. Secessioni.c;ts were known by the bJ ue cockade, and e\ery clay added to their ranks. ln anticipation of troublous tin1es the Troup i\rtillcry offered their services to the Governor. Conservative L:nion n1cn \YCre powerless in this gatheringstonn, and felt their helplessness in the face of increasing exciten1ent. The Convention rnet in .\filledgevillc and :t great debate ensued. J\fr. Stephens 1nade \vhat has been considered ihe greatest speech of his lie againsi secessio11. Ben T-1i11 thre\v all the eloquence of a gTeat orator into an appeal for ihe preservation of the Union. Uut if any speech \\as needed to confinn ihe determination of the Con\ention it was the irnpassionecl utterance of Thos. H. R. ColJh. urging and entreating and deInancling hy turns that Georgia and her children should be free. On January 19th, 18cl!-. the Con\'ention passed the Ordinance of Secessiun. \Yith the solemnity which characterized the sig1.1cr--; c ,the l)cclaration of Independence, but with no fca;_for the future, each delegate signed his nau1c lYith a new pen. \Vhcn the ne\\s \Vas received in ..A.thens, the Troup .Artillery fired a salnte of a hundred guns. .\ great unrest pcnadec1 the cnnll1ll111ity: noboch- 219 knC\V exactly \vhat to expect. Sorne predicted \\ar. others scouted the idea. The declarations o:f ::\11L I:inco]n \VCre pacific, and :yet the people began Lo gather then1selvcs together, and the military con1panics began to drill and furbish UJ' their anns. 1'he ladies made a flag for th,; \thcns Cuards. whicl1 '"as delivered h_,- ])L l,ip-"Comb in an elofllll'nt speech. and another flag ,,-as presented to the Troup Artillery. CIL\T'TER XXV. The seceding- ~tate~ called a Cong;rc">s t;) me:.\ in ::\Iontgomery.. \Jaban1a, for the purpose o organizing a new Confederacy upon the lines of the old Lnion. In the appointment of delegates to this Provisional Congress to \vhich Georgia sent ten, b.vo 1'\thenians \Vere sclcctccl, I-1owell and 'l'hos. R. J~- Cobb. ..:'\nother, Benj. I-J_ tiilL had n1arricd an i\ thens girl and after the v,rar becan1e a citizen of the placl'. ()f the remaining seven , five, Toon1bs, Stephens, \\Tright, Dartow and X-ishct hacl been students al the University and itnbibecl its spirit \vith their con1ing manhood. \~That city then can claitn with equal reason so conunanding- an influence in the formation of the Confederate States as /\thcns? _\t that Congress J-Towell Cohh ,yas tnade President, and next to Mr. Davis was the choice of the Congress for President of the new Confederacy. 220 During the session of the Congress and indeed during the whole intervening tirnc until the battle of Fredericksburg not a clay elapsed without Thornas 1~. R. Cobb writing to his wife. In these letters he spakc what was in his heart as he would have done in the privacy of his chatnber ,vith no thought that other eyes than hers \voulcl sec them. They are therefore of tLe ;2,Tcatcst value in dcplctin:..:; t1lc J-.i"t'lry those tin1es as he saw it. To show the belief of th c best inforn1ed public n1en of that day we quote "The chances are decidedly aaginst war. There 111ay be a little collision and nn1ch confusion. hut no bloody or extensive war. The action of \Tirginia decides the question. Peace is certain on her secession;" and this. --e-,\ynn of California wires that Sc\\-ard told hin1 then.: \\'Otlld be no war: .. anorsey, ~'\. S. Dorsey, John C. Deavonrs, Wtn. T-:. Dicken. John \V. Edwards. Elijah T. EngL:nd. T4. 1). Fnrgusson, Jol111 O'Farrell, Robert Itlournoy. Josepll I-f. L. Cerdine, John J. Griffeth. \\Tn1. l\__ 1--fetnphill, John I-I. J-Iug-hes, J;"ls . .:\1. A. Jackson, Chas. :;\if_ L11n1pkin, Frank Lumpkin . .\bsalorn E. Lee, J-T. L. ?dullins, E. :;\1. 223 \Iaxcy, David :-.lcDonald, John J . .:\lcConncll '''m. 1?. ~[calor, Tsaac S. ).1oonJ Robert :\1oore, 1 L D. ~fuller, John F. D1urray, Thos. 1\_. .=\ItuTa_\-, \ Jas. A. :0.loore, ..:\lnJOn L. ~ancc, _\ug. C. Pat- '~ man, J. E. Pittlnan, John/\. Parks. John 1-I. Pat- r rick. E. \\l. Porter, .Anderson \V. Reese, E. Rich- ardson, James Pledger, ]an1cs T. Sansom, T. I f. Shaw, Jas. C. Strickland, nen. P. Taylor, C). \'inccni, John 0. VVaddcll, Grant \Vilkins, George C. VVillian1s, Thos. D. \Yillian1s, I-Ictn_\ F VVinn. The cornpany was escorted io the Ccorgia Railruad by the Athens Gnarcls, Oconee Cavalry and the Fire Con1panies. /-\t the depot then on the hill across the river two thousand citizens had a~scinblccl to say goodbye, and Chancellor Lipscomb aclchessed the departing c01npany with charactcri~tic elo<1uence and in a strain of th~ h;ghest patriotisn1. 1\ftcr a brief service at Tybee, where they found nothing worse than sand 11ies to figh1, ~1 roup .t\rtillery was ordered to Virginia and formed part o Cobb's Legio11 at. YorktuwP . .\ftenYanls being cletachccl frmn the Leg1on they vvere sent to \Vest virginia. Captain Stanley resigned in r862 and Lieut. Carlton was elected Captain. Troup .t\rtillery was known as Carlton's ea.~ tcry later in the war, since Captain Carlton commanded it fnnn 18G2 to the surrender at ApiL1 224 n1attox. It was aUachecl to Cabell's Battalion, Longstreet's Corps. It participated in nearly all tLe severest battles in virginia. In the \Vest \ ~irginia can1paign, \vhere they saw their first real service, the 1nen suffered terribly. The_\ were at Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Tl1e Wilderness, Spottsylvania. Cold I-Iarbor and Petersburg. "F'irst and last there v-.rere 267 tnen enrolled in 'J'roup Artillery. Of these Lieut. Motes, George _,\tkisson, Joe Cerdine, "V./. 1-L Jones, John 0. VVadclell, \V. J. Pittn1an were wounded and Ben Carlton killed at Sharpsburg. .At Cran1pton's Cap J. J. Kenney was killed and John 'A1addell wounded. \t Fredericksburg Capt. Carlton, T. M. 1 fug-hes, T. S. Aaron, Willian1 Jennings, T. S. Richards, ::\{arion Stovall, were wounded and ;-_L L Dillard killed. -"\t Gettysburg Capt. Carlton, Lieut. I-Ienry Jennings, VV . .i\. I-Ie111phill ancl W. E. Biggers were \\ounded, Richard Ivioore and J. H. Adams killed. At Spottsylvania Lieut. T. A. Murray, J. H. Belcher, Hedges Conger, G. P. Bennett, '1'. M. Hughes, J. W. Ledbetter, John Lilly were \vounded, .:-\bsa1om Lee and Elisha Porter, killed. W. P. l\1ealor lost a leg at Dam No. 1 and H. ::V1urphy was killed there. I r 225 The fatalities fro1n catnp diseases were no fewer. In r86I the deaths were B. W. Cain, Chan1p. Conelly, F. I\!Iiller, I--Iarrison 'fhunnond, J A. Parks. In r8Gz J. C. Ayres, Willie Billups, Jas. M. Bone, E. :\1. Butler, J. L. Butler, Jos. L. Dillard, R. 0. I-Iale, l\lsa Huggins, Ceo. Jen- nings, S.D. Jennings, J. ]. Johnson, M. McLain, Zach Sikes, Richard Sikes, R. ]. 'f11ck and J. C. Tuck. In 18G3 Lieut. Ceo. ~evvton, J. J\f. Brown, 'f. S. ~t\aron, VVillian1 Cooper, ]. C. Dea- vors, \V. H. Lee, ]. A. Moore, P. N. Neese, R. B Richardson, ]. M. Sikes, and in r864 ]. vV. Echols, J. VV. Harris, Jesse Palmer, W. H. Stapler, J. vV. Stephenson and H. C. Dillard. In addition to tho..,e who wcnl out \Yith thi:; fanwus battery and who escaped to survive the war \vere Steve and Willie Dearing, Paddy Ware, .Andrew Lamar, Sid Franklin, Robert Hemphill, VV. F. Drittain, Bob Brittain, Joe Barry, W. F. l Crane, J. R. Crane, Jirn Frierson and others be- I sides wborn I cannot now recall. I A few days after the Troup Artillery left .'\thens, ihe Tugalo Blues frmn Franklin County and after thern the farnous Banks County Guards, clad in gray jeans and arn1ed with squirrel rifles passed through on their way to ~he camps. They vvere rnet at the upper bridge with great enthu- siasin and escorted to the depot with 1nilitary honors. [ ,. t 226 CHAPTER XX\-II. On April 29th, the Athens Guards left for V~ir ginia, with the following roll of men: Capiain, Henry C. Billups; I st. Lieut.; ThoJll.IcAllistcr, Jno. "'vV. Nabers, J. J-I. Dunahoo, Jack Sin'ls, Noah C. Strickland were vvonnded and VV. L. Griffeth and Joe JVIcClcskcy killed. \t Second .:\Ianassas F. -:\1. Doster was ki.llcd and Daniel ::vicKcnzie, VV. J-J. l\Iorton, and \i\Tn1. A. Wright, now Con1ptroller General of Georgia were \vouncled. At Sharpsburg- David i\. Bailey, ]in1 Dorsey, J. H. l~eaves, S. F. Tenney, ~\clolphus \i\Tanl- aling and A. A. \Vinn were wounded, and George G1ahan1 and VValtet Perry killed. At Chancellorsville, Capt. Langston, \V. \V. 228 Cook, Stun1p Greer and Jack Sims, were wounded. At Gettysburg, S. M. Barber and George Porter, were wounded. T6n1 I<'rierson was \\-ounded and captured. W. A. Wtight was wounded again and captured. C. vV. Dean, J. E. Dickson, M. B. Locklin, Dave ::\Ioncricf, an.t J\ppornattox. CfL".PTER XXVIII. The Georgia Troopers, a cavalry cmTtpany, was next organized, and left July rOtb, r86r, to join Cobb's Legion, composed of the following officeLs <'llld 111Cll: Capiain, \Villian1 G. Deloney; rst Lieut., ]an1es R. Lyle; 2nd Lieut., Thon1as C. Willian1s; 3rcl Lieut., JeJTY E. Ritch. Tn the Ranks-Step11en i\rnold, Thor11as ]. Ash, A. Baker, Cicero Brooks, Thornas Brooks, i\.Jonzo Brooks, Jno. I-I. Bulloch, Green Chandler, D.P. Catnp, ~. B. Cash, Thos. ]. Dnnnahoo, Stephen T. Dent. Aleck T. Dent, Ilenry Dough- 232 erty, vVm. Davis, Jas. A. Epps, A. F. Hardy, Geo. Harper, W. C. Hood, J. P. Hill, S. W. Hill, :\Joscs Hill, Jas. 'I'. House, Frank R. Howard, S. E. Jackson, E. C. Lay, G. W. McElhannon, i\1. C. Martin, J. B. O'Sliields, H. P. Park, Olivet H. Prince, Isham H. Pittard, Jno. C. Rutherford, Q. 1-I. Smith, T. A. Smith, W. H. Simpkins, M. S. Sin1n1ons, W. B. rruck, ]. I. Tuck, T. J. Shackleford, J. N. Pinson, Jno. J-Ievvett, J. C. Oliver, S- B. Weir, Hoyt Weir, Phillip \"/ray, \Va1ter Wray, J. C. \Velborn, Burwell I-L Yerby, rr. \iV. J. J\!fatthews, Wn1. Nabers, J. Moon. Captain Deloney wa~ promoted to I..icuL Colo- nel, Lieut. Lyle resigned, Lieut. \iVillian1s \vas tnade Captain, Lieut. Ritch after a year returned hon1e and raised another cotnpany -..ybich he cmnrnanded throughout the war. The Georgia Troopers was an integral part of Cobb's Legion but '\Vas later detacbed just as tbe Troup Artillery was and belonged to Hainp- \ ton's Cavalry, but the men insisted on retaining I the natne of "Cobb's Legion Cavalry." They enrolled first and last r()8 tne11. Of these, A. Bruce, W. F. Early and E. S. \! ~I House were killed at !Ianovcr C. H.; R. narrett, Thos. J-Jonse, Adjutant J. Frank Jones and l\L C. Strickland at Gettysburg; II. P. Parks at Jack'~ Shop; Lt. Col. Barrington King at Fayetteville, n N. C.; ]. W. Daniel in a skirmish. CoL Delone~, was wounded at Jack':::~ Shop, 233 captured and died in Old Co pitel Prison in \i\rash- ington. Capt. Ritch, W. Btyant, R. J. Hancock were wounded at Brandy Station; \V. I-!. Early arid F. W. Walter at Dispatch Station; C. R. Harris and J. Vv. Daniel at Gettysburg; J. H. Abercrombie, W. C. I-Ioward at Reams Station; W. C. Orr at Deep Bottom; T. R. Tuck at YVilden1ess; Marcus D. L. Pittman at Culpepper. Bryant, I\1cCurry and S. S. Parks were cap- tured and died in prison. R. L. Nash, D. 0. Conner, J. C. Oliver were captured and M. Anderson, N. Anderson, F. Chandler, E. W., J. M. and S. D. Cowan, .l\. B. Dinsn"lore, W. I-Iilton, John Hill, M. I-Iil!, W. H. Foss, W. Pinson. Jan1es and Robert Tuck died of disease. Capt. Hitch's company \\as also o "Cobb's Legion Cavalry." Isham I-I. Pittard was rst Lieut. and was captured at Ely's Ford. T. J. Smith was 2nd Lieut. C. C. Brooke, 3rd Lieut., was killed at Gettysburg. Lieut. Torn Dunnahoo was killed at Rean1s Station, A. C. Baker, L. W. Barrett at Gettysburg; B. H. Carter, A. F. Hardy and :;:..; _ C. Weir at Brandy Station; T. t-I. Brown at the Wilderness; J. A. Alexander, J. A. Epps, H. SimtT1cns, E. ]. Wilson were wounded, and T. F. Todd (living s611 in Athens) was wounded eight titnes; George McElhannon and W. B. Tuck and E. J. \VilscJn died in service. This cornpany enrolled 147 men. 234 -::\"ext in order of ti111e after Deloney's Cornpany came the Mel! Rifles, which Dr. P. H. Mel! had raised for enlistn1ent, but d01nestic affliction detaining hin1 at hon1e, he resigned the con1n1and to Capt. Tho1nas U. Camak. This co1npany "\vas attached to Cobb's Legion and was kno\vn as Camak's Con1pany. The follo\ving is its n1uster roll on leaving for \Tirginia: Captain, Thos. LJ. Camak; rst Lieut., John B. Cobb; 2nd Lieut., Robert II. Gooc-ltnan; 3rd Lieut., Richard J. \'Vilson; rst Sgt., James F. Wilson; 2nd Sgt., VYi1lian1 .1\. \\Tinn; 3rcl Sgt., \Yillicun .\. Ci1Idancl; 4th Sgt.. Samuel P. }(cnney; rst CoL, G. \V. Harber; 2nd Cor., J. F . .fdattox; 3rd Cor., Bcnjatnin J\Iell; 4th Cor., J. B. House. Privates-E. J. Aiken, - Abbott, .-\. ""\dair, I. J. Barrett, J. L. Tiarrett, \:V. ]. Brittain, D. L. 11utler. 1'hos. Butler, Jack Henton, \Vn1. Dradbcrr;.. Juc1 Bird, \V1n. Crow, \V. T. Carter, Jos. Coole }f. Cook, C. D. Cook, Sin1eon Crow, E. Ct-oft, !\L TL Cald\\-cll. T-L J. Childers, Jno. Dos- ter, vV. T. Delay, Joel Dean, F. Doster, Jack Fdwards, G. C. Fitzpatrick, H. II. J<'reeman, Cody Fowler, J. \V. Gilleland, ]. G. Gray, J. S. J-louse, A. G. I-Iaygood, G. T. Highland, San1 Ilnclson, J. T. lialc, T. Ivcy, J. R. Jol11:son, }. \\".Johnston, J. 0. Jarrett. \Vhitson Jarrett, \\'. T-I. Kirkpatrick. ]. F. KenneY. \V. 11. Led- 235 Letter, Thos. Ledbetter, Lucas 1-1. Lan1pkin, J. LeSeur, J. C. Mattox, J. F. Moon. v\'. L. :\Iartitl. Thos. ".)..Jabry, ]antes C. Ne,\rton, ..:-\lonzo C. New~ LQn, Q. L. Nabers,~ E. Nunn, T. :\unn, \V. J). Payne, C. I-I. Payne, \V. P. Pittn1an. Jno. Park. J H. Smith, M. !3. Smith, J. J\L Smith, vV. Stapler, I-Ienry Sin1s, n. Spinks, Jas. Sikes,,\... F. Tolbert. \Y. U. Tolbert, F. Tiller. T. l-1. \Vhitc. 1\. F. \Vhite, vV. J. \\Tilson, Jas. \V. \Vhite. This cornpany's first engagetnent "\Yas at Cran1pton's Gap, -.,vhcre as pari of Cobb's l1ri~ gacle they suffered heavy losses. In this battle. the wounded \Verc Capi- Can1ak. S. P. Kenney. JVL B. Caldwell, Henry Childets, A. F. Tolbert. ~1nd the killed \\ere !kn .\fell. "\f. Cud)-. Cod) Fowler. J. E... Croft, 1\. G. J-Iaygood, G. T. I~Hg-h1''\'cr. J. F. Lennc_':. J . .\!t.llanno11 and !~nnYcll Yerby .\t Chanccllorsville, Lieut. Gilleland lost an <1nn. J. Benton, \V. S. DT artin, John Parks and Lieut. J)ick \Vilson \YCrc "\\'OlUHlcc1. E. J..\iken. \\. T. Dela_\, 1'. Ledbetter. /.a..._h L. :\'alv)rs. J. Jl. Hiclling were killed. G. \V. Freen1an was killed al Sharpsburg. .\t Gettysburg, Capt. Can1ak and Frank Ti11cr ''--ere killed and J. T. Mattox and W. T'. Cartel wounded . .\t the vVilclerncss, J. S. House, J. 0. Janel'. 1-:.' ::\"unu and E. Shaq)e were killed . . \t Spottsylvania, Joel Dean, VV. D. Payne 236 "\Vere wounded and J. Edwards killed. W. J. Brittain and \V. II. I<::irkpatrick "\Vere captured at Fisher's FEll and died in prison. B. L. But1ei" and F. H. vVhite were killed at Horseshoe. \V. fl. Ledbetter \Yas kiliecl ai Chicka1nauga. . \t f(noxvillc. Capt. YV. ~\. "\Vi11n, 'rhos. nutlc~: (,. C. I<'itzpatrick were killed and Lieut. }atnes F. \\~ilson and .\ . . \dair wounded. "\V. Stapler, ]1., and W. Suddeth were killed and J. H. House and John \V. Gilleland captured. Jcny G. Gray was captured at Ftont Royal. I. J. Barrett, J. Benedict, J. Cook, J. Doster, H. H. Freeman, J. C. Glower, J. LeSeur, Vv. Ledbetter, A1onzo C. Ne,vton, W. Nix, T. Nunn, James Sikes, N. Thornton, G. Tiller, J. Sweeney, W'. A. Sims, J. A., J. H. and J. M. Smith, W. Stapler, Sr., \'I. \'Villiams and W. J. Wilson all died in hospital. This co1npany enrolled 134 men. CHAPTER XXIX. Perhaps no company in the ann~r saw ha1der fightiug than the Johnson (~nards. co;nmandcd by Capt. Samne1 P. Lumpkill ancl attached 1,1 the 44th Ga. Regilnent, Doles Brigade. Its officers were Sa1n. P. Lumpkin, Captain; W. B. Haygood, Ist Lieut.; A<~t.-...ll'Y T-L Jackson, 2nd Lieut.; J. \V. _l_{:=avcs Jrd I....i~~:rt. It enrolled 145 n1en. i ' 237 Its l~ .. ts of battks conp:isc.:; everyone that was fought after thei:r ;-trrt' -ltl jn Virgir:.ia. Its Jist of casualties is so great that I hesitate to write it down. Of its officers, Capt. Lurnpkin was lFOtnotnl to Colonel, and v,-as lllOl"{all.Y vvoundecl at Gettysburg. Captain f Iaygoocl "\Yas \VUtnHlecl at Sharpsburg, lost an arn~ at Gettysburg, and was captured. Lieut. Reaves \\as killed at Gaines' .:'dill. [_,icuL :'\. IL Duc1-Jatn was wounded at Chancellors ville ancl captured at Spottsylvania; l.icut \V. C. \Villian1s kilkd at Chanccllorsvillc; Lieut. :C. I3. Spinks captnred at Fisher's 1-Hll; l.1eut. ::\-1oon at Spottsylvauia . . \t Caines :\1111, D. I L :\lalcomh. Lc\Yis Leste1. ]. H.. /\ycock, L. C. Cooper. \\. ~1. Elder, S. Carden, T. 11'1. Hall, vV. B. Jones, G. A. Nolan, and "\. C. Osburn \\'c;.rc \\uwuled. J n this san1e desperate fight W. F. Adams, J. M. Butler, Jas. H. Daniel, H. Doolittle, J. Glover, H. M. Kidd, John }.1Iurrah, \V. A. Robertson, R. E. Royster and P. l\1. Stewart \vere killed. M. ]\1Iooney was killed and J. E. Thmnas wounded ai .:\lalvLrn I Till. At Sharpsburg, G. \\T . .A.utrey was wounded and capinrcd and \V :\1. Elde1. \\'. \\. llm1;_ wounded. N. L. Johnson was killed. At Gettysburg, \V. TT. Bishop, Le'-'vis Lester, } \V . .:\TeRce, F. ::\L Daniel. Ed Cleason. \\fAT. ()sbun1, FTenr.y C. Puss. \V. Pu1lnot f'J'cre 238 wounded. Ceo. Tiller was captured and died in prison. At Chancellorsville, \V. P. Bearden, \V. L. Big-gs, C. L. Burger, ]. Y.l. Davenport, David D. Elder. Ed Cleason. r\. D. Griffeth. Tolbert -:\. Lester, J. W. :Miller, T. J. Moseley, W. P. Moseley, A. J. Pickerell, T. J. Simonton were all -..youndcd and G. \V. }(_lutts. f). \\'. CTiffcth. 11. n- )laxcy. ]no. Daniel, killed. At the Wilderness, W. J. Whitehead lost a leg; \V. P. Dearden, L. C. Cooper, J. J. Griffeth, K. F. Hunt, J. R. Langford were wounded. A. L. Deavers was killed at Front Royal; T'. J. Moseley at Cedar Creek; C-. W. Nunnally at Petersburg; T. J. Sin1onton at Gettysburg. At Spottsylvania, W. N. Autrv, :--J. J. Daniel, C. A. Dicken, W. E. Elder, D. E. Huff, J. P. Huff, \V. \V. Hunt, B. C. Langford, E. S. Lester, F. M. McRee, J. R. McRee, W. H. Bishop, P. W. J\iiller, W. C. Nunnally, H. C. Poss, J. B. Fulnot, L. vVhitehead, D. J. Willoughby were captured and Hunt, Ntn1na1l:;r and VVhite:head C::ied in prison. C. Sanders and J. W. Vickers "\\'Cre "\VOunded and H. \Vhitehead and S. T. )f axcy killed. F. J\.1. Daniel was killed at Winchester; R 1?.. ::\fcRee captnrcd at Strasburg: \\r_ ).[ont- gomery at Hagerstown;\ ]. ]. 'Thornton Vi' as 'vounded at Thornton's Gap; ]. Pulnot at \Vinchester; N. ]. Daniel was killed and J\T. F. I-:Iunt 239 and J. W. :Miller wounded at Cedar Creek.; W. P. J\1cRee was wounded at Snickers Gap and at Petersburg. Of the enlisted men, J. H. Jackson, J. c\. ~-\datns, J. P. Biggs. ..:-\. Burger, D. R. Dutler, Il. F. Carter, Vv. East, W. D. Edwards, W. T Giles, J. vV. Hunt, W. P. McWhorter, B. T. Owen, J. J. Chven, II. Sin1onton, T. J. Thon1pson, A. \iVhitehead, S. J. \Vilcoxson and W. W. \Villoughby died frmn disease and all of the1n died in the first year of their enlistment. The Highland Guards were officered by: Captain, William S. Grady; 1st Lieut., John R. Hayes; 2nd Lieut., John M. Phinizy; 3rd Lieut., B. F. Jackson; rst Sgt., C. A. Jones; :ond Sgt., H. W. Edmondson; 3rd Sgt., Wm. Marr; 4th Sgt., Peter Wei!; 5th Sgt., \V. B. Bass; rst Corp., A. Adkins; 2nd Corp., J. vV. Queen; 3rd Corp., I. H. Schevenell; 4th Corp., F. M. Hadley. This cornpany enrolled I 35 men, about fifty of whom can1e from Western North Carolina, where Captain Grady was well known. The com.pany was attached to the 25th N. C. Regilllent, Ranson1's Brigade. Capt. Grady was promoted to the rank of .\Jajor and was killecl at Petersburg. Lieut. I--Iayes resigned on account of disability and John ~1. Phinizy became Captain. The reports of cas11alties in this company are 240 very n1eagre. Lieut. Jackson was wounded at 1\lalven~ Hill. and A.. Adkins, G. Garland, C. Lackcrby, \V. Runyon, were killed :\t Pctct-sbnrg, R. Darton, Lorenzo I;i n1, San clers Colbert, vV. Gales, L. Harris, T. McAIIis- tct, cvr. Parks, vV. J. Weatherford, J. Williams and George Wright were killed. J. Blackburn, and ( -;._ Raisun ,n;rc killed at Fn:dcricksburg. The 25th North Carolina did some stubborn fighting and the casualties in this c01npany must have been n~uch heavier than we have any 1 ecord of. In its ranks were Peter W eil, George Center, George Bass, Totn Childers, Leonard Schevenell and vV. D; vVilliams. Tom Tolbert YYas wounded five times once in a very peculiar 'vay. CHAPTER XXX. When Cbattanooga was evacuated by the Confederates the situation Degan to look serious for Georgia and the "stay at homes" began to organize for defence. One company was formed fron1 the operatives in the factories and machine shops. They elected for their Captain, James V/hite, and for Lieutenants, Peter Culp, E. J. McCall and J. V. A...dkins. They nun1bered IIO 1nen and R .. L. n1oon1fid(L H.euben ~ickerson an(l YV. J. TvJorton were privates. r 241 Edward P. Lun~pkin organized the Wilson Lumpkin Artillery, known as Lun1pkin's battery, composed for the 1nost part of disabled n1en, cxemrJts and boys not yet old enough to enlist. The officers were: E. P. Lun1pkin, Capt.; Cicero \Veir, rst Lieut.; \V. H. Morton, 2nd Lieut.; Sam Pruitt, 3rcl Licnt. \Y. ll~ Hodgson, !1er- aard Franklin, J. J. Turnbull, E. R. Hodgson, John Hil111ps. John Frierson. Singleton Lucas. Jack Weir and Colun1bus \;Vilkerson were among its men1bers. IVIajor Ferdy Cook organized the 1nen who \1 ere employed in the Confederate annory into a battalion. They nntnbercd about t1vo hun dred. The "Oconee Rangers" was a company of cava1ry conmtandccl hy john C. Tnnwr. Captai1: James R. Lyle, rst Lieut.; J. 0. Thrasher, znd Lieut.; J. J. Thomas, 3rd Lieut.; Stephen Elliott, Jr-. and Sergcanb. \\'. J . ..\Inrtr-n, ',\. !T. TTulL "\V. C. Weir. It was attached to Too1nb's Regin,ent. The ''Lumpkin Artillery" never went further than the hill at Princeton Factory, but they saved Athens from a hostile invasion, as the following incident will show : Gen. IIorace Capron 1net John I--I. Christy in Washington after the war, and learning that he was from Athens, said "I was once at Watkinsvjlle, but never at Athens." "Why, how did you 242 get to \Vatkinsville without going through Athens?" said ~Jr. Christy. ..\VeiL" replied Cen. Capron, "In r864 I was one of Stonen1an's brigade which was scattered through that country and we came to a river near Athens~ on the other side of which a battery of artillery was placed which fired at us. We supposed it was supporteel by a strong force and retired." T'he "Lipscomb Volunteers" was formed tDainIy of the resigned artillery men. F. W. 1\dams was elected Captain, and the Lieutenants were: John C. Moore, Robt. H. Goodman and G. W. Barber; Sergeants, Wi1lian1 !Zing, A. G. Turner, Thos. Crawford, T. N. Epps, T. A. Adams; and Corporals, W. H. Hodgson, E. S. Hnll, G. A. Gilmore and B. \V. Parr made up the non- COITImisioned roll. An1ong the privates were A.. A... Lipscon1b, W. H. Waddell, Henry Bensse, L. Flisch. John Han1pton, W. V. P. Hodgson, Prince I-Iodgson, W. L. Jones, D. M. Kenney, A. J. Lamar, H. A. Lowrance, G. W. Mason, W. T. Moon, J. M. Nicholson, C. Vv. Parr, John Potts, William Rutherford, W. N. White, P. Wray, E. II. Vonderleith and A. M. Scudder. Of these companies I shall have s01nethlng more to say. Besides those already enun1eratecl, there were \ r about one hundred n1en fr01n i\thens enlisted jn other co1nn1ands. There were Lamar Cobb, 243 I..:obert Th01nas, John A. Cobb. John \\' . .:'\i:.holson, R. L. ).loss on Gen. Cohh"s staff, a;1.d Doctors Ja111cs Can1ak, Crawford \\'. Long. R. ~\f. Smith, J oscph n. Cadton, Cicero Holt, E. 11 ::\cvYton, surgeons in other rcgin1cnts. Frank Tiill was Colonel of the rst Ga. Regulars. Dianton A. 1-Iill was ::\1ajor of an }-\labama Regiment and was killed at Deep Dottorn, Va. Thos. ':.:. Dtllups, VVilliatn }:fenry !-lull and John Bird wel"c in the 5th Georgia Cavalry; Jarnes l\T. !-lull '-\c:.'it~ the Chathan1 .\rtillcry and died in r8h4; nraincrd Pah11cr and S. D.T. :Hunter in rst Ga. H.cgulars; Frank A. LipscotDb was in a ::\Jary land rcgin1cnt and A. L. I-f ull and \ 1ictor Sn1ith ir the Engineer Corps. Prof. \Vash joined }forgan's Cavalrv and \Villic Chase "\Vas killed with the ?\Tississippians ;'lt Franklin. E(hvard W. I--full -..vas T..,.iePtcnant in the 8th Georgia and afterwards on Gen. Bate'5 staff. Harvie Hull was Captain in Stovall's brigade. ja1nes Darrow, who was a cadet at \Vest Point when the war began, \vas Lieutenant Colonel and \Vas killed at Ocean Pond. J illt ~lcCleskcy \vas a Lieutenant in the Georgive should soon have no country and no h01nes. I syn1pathize with you in your anxie- tie~ and pri\ations. hut r uusi your kind neigh- hors in the patriotic state of Georgia will not pen11it you to want while your brave sons .:11e doing their chHy tnanfully ag-ainst the encn1y. I a1n tespectfnlly. Your obedient servant. R. E. LEE."' n;. tlle autnn1n of 18G2 every n1an bel\veen r8 L~nd 45 years cf age had gone to the anny except a few exempts. and nmny had gone who were Luih hcln\Y and ahoyc those ag-es. The absentees \\ere n'placcd to ;.;( llllC extent hy ahnut 20~) operatiycs of Cook's .\rmory. \Yhich had hcl'l1 erected across the ri ,-er-no,\- the Check Facton. Ferdinand Cook and his brother. under commission Irotn the Confederate Governn1ent. built ;nvl reorganized here the n1anufacto1y of ann;.; which had been destroyed with the capture of ~~ e\Y Orleans. Cnns. pistols. s\\ords and bayonets were n1acle there until the close of the \VaL ~fajor Co(Jk. \Yhose farnily occupied the late home of :\fr. 11'. \V. Luca;.;. was a n1ost hospitable man and kept cpen h(Jttsc for the refugees. .\t the sic.c:c of :-1a\-a11nah he n:cklcssly C\.pnscd him- ,. ' <' I l 255 self, standing on the breastworks and firing sbo~ after shot. at the cnctny will! fatal acctu-acy. until he hitnsclf fell sllol tllrough the head. Smnc young nc~rocs, relieved of the authority of their n1astcrs, bccan1c Lroublcsmnc, and J Tope Fi1-c Con~pan)r fanned thc111selvcs into a home guard, and the boys frotn 12 to r6 orgauizcd hvu com1)auics ~lors uf Lhe tO\'I:n. ~-\ banner \\"as presented Lo the }.(angers by Prof. \Vlll. l-:1. \Vaddell, in behalf of the young ladies of tlle t<)\\"11. and was t~eccived with a patriotic response by Carlton I-lillyct~, a member of Lhe company. The only case of n1ob law 'vhicll ever occnrrecl in , \ tlJens was jn J 11ly. r8G2. \ negro belonging to Dr. ~lacon assaullecl Llle wife of the ovcrsec1 \\ho had gone inlo Lllc arn1y, was at-rested and broug-hl to town for Lrial, in Lhc old Tov,n ITall. !,squire Kirkpatrick bound him over on his own c-onfession for trial in the Snpcrinr Court. ~o S')tmer was Lhe decision nltered Lhan the cnJ\vd 256 surged toward the prisoner, a rope was thrown around his neck and he was led across the bridge, a great crowd following, and hanged to a pine tree, about a n~ilc down the Georgia Railroad. The recollection of that wild procession tnarching clown DroaU Street, the leader with the rope it; his hand ancl the negro clutnbly following is a."' fresh as the occurrences of yesterday. A little rnore than a year ago while excavating for the En1pire Fertilizer \Vorks, the bones of this negro were dug up and recalleU the onl:hanging this county in its present lir11its has ever known. The newspapers reached Athens in those days about five o'clock in the afternoon. Everybody \vas accustomed to assemble on the street, and when the otnnibus carne over bringing a paper, it would be given to a good reader, who, standing on a dry goodS box, retailed the contents. VVhen .news of a battle carne, the scene was intensely clratnatic. Fathers and brothers waited bn~athlcssly to hear if their boy's nan1e '-Ya3 an1ong the killed or wounded, and if no n1ention, sighs of relief told of the relaxed tension, though anxiety still clouded their faces. i\{any can ren1en1ber vvhen the news first can1c that Joe McCleskey was killed and J. W. Reaves and George Grahan1, and Ben Mell, and Ben Carlton, and General Cobb, and Colonel Delony, and Colonel Catnak, and n1any another brave 1 ~. ) 257 fellow who had left a happy hotne never to return alive. The wonder is how the people endured the strain. The safeguard of the ""OlDen was "\vade The wants of the soldiers, the poverty of the country, the absolute destitution of all the cnnforts of life, not to speak of luxuries, rnade it necessary to resort to every shift to support life. Business was utterly den1oralized, and all enterprises were at a stand-still, excepting the cloth n1ills; the rnerchants den1anded cash for their goods and there was great destitution. In the face of this condition of things there were n1e11 who hoarded corn and wheat and den1anded enorn1ot1s prices for thern, until the Legislature passed an act to prevent extortion. The Southern won1an learned to do \Vithout and becatne n1ost resourceful in devising ways a~1d means. Old attics were ransacked for cast off. g;arn1ents. Old clothes were turned and dyed, and silks of ancient pattern and hon1espun cotton dresses were equally fashionable Bonnets were n1ade up of old silk dresses, adorned with feathers frotn a rooster's tail. Thick leather shoes replaced the dainty slipper, and knitted gloves and stockings were highly prized. Persinunon seeds were converted into buttons and thorns were used for hair pins. Chicory and ground peas, potatoes and rye, "'ere substitutes for coffee, sorghun1 for sugar 258 and sassafras for tea. \ inegar \Yas made fron1 pcisi11111lOllS; pens w~rc 1nadc frotn goose quills: ink horn oak galls and the sumac berry. Co111tnerdal tnedicincs were extrem_cly scarce, aud herbs and decoctions were resorted to fo1 the sick. (Jlcl s1nokc houses \Ycrc lc:ached for salt; nails and cotton thread \vere current articles of cxchaugc. .Dirt -fron1 beneath olcl housl~S \Vas drawn ont ancl kachcd -for nitre to 1nakc po,...-clcr. ( )ld lead pipes awl valleys were conLributcd for bullets; linen sheets went to the hospitals for bandages ; letters vvere vvritten on paper which \\nuld he thong-ht now not fit for wrapping paper. The oil latnp gave way to the tallow candle, and that in turn to the "dip," a wick string dipped in hot tallow ::-u1d wax and wound around a h-:)ttic 01 a corn cob. Sewing and knitting ,vith busy fingers, weaving-. ntaking lint for wounds. suffering. hungry, sick the Sottiheru --;.von1an kept the home, helped tile needy, entertained the stranger. and stl-engthened the 2.bsent soldier by her pairiotistn, longing for his safe retnrn, and without a thought of peace except with honor. Thon1as l\1clson Page in one of his essays relates the story of a letter which wa.s found in the pocket of a Georgia soldiu killed ncar Richnwnd. 1r "as frnn1 his sweetheart-poorly written and badly spdled--and sh~ said if he \vould g-et a f nrlong-h and cotne hon1e she would 111arry hirn. 259 ,\nd there '\Yas ;:u1fficcr. -:\lr. Richard Schc\ccncll, a talented and intrepid Frenchman who had scr\'Cl in the \'/a! with ::\J exico, ,,as chosen first lin1Lnant. ancl at the t~cquest of the con1pany actccl as drill tnaster on acconnt or his ha-Ying- considc1able knn\\lcclgT of 1nilitary tactics. ~-\s fat as can nnw l)c obtained the other mcn1bers of tl1e cntnpany were Colonel \Vi1lian1 L. c.; I ( l 270 1\Jitchell, a distinguished lawyer, for whom the compan:y was called the Mitchell Thunderbolts; Dr. Henry Hull, father of Mr. Augustus L. Hull, of this city; Mr. vVilliam Hope Hull, a member of the same distinguished fan1ily; Judge Junius Hillyer, an en1inent jurist and the father of Judge George Hillyer, of Atlanta, and of :!\Ir. Carlton liillyer, of Augusta; Dr. Edward R. VVare, Captain W. I-I. Dorsey, father of a nun1- ber of our best citizens; Judge Young L. G. Har- ris, for so n1any years President of the Southern lvl utual Insurance Company; Colonel Stevens Thornas, for equally as long a tin1e Secretary of the satne con1pany; Chancellor .1--\ndrcw A. Lips- cmnb, of the University of Georgia; l\rir. Asbury Hull, Mr. John H. Newton, Uncle Jack O'Far- ,-d), :\Ir. J. Vv. MccUin, :\11-. Elizur L. "'ew- ton, 1\1r. Peter A. Summey, l'vfr. John Crawford, ::\lr. John Gilleland, I\1r. Thotnas l3ishop, Dr. R. D. Moore, Dr. H. R. J. Long, Mr. Patrick Darry, and Mr. ] ohn \Vilson, all of whorn were well known and highly respected citizens of Athens ir those clays. There were a nutnber of otheri:> but their natnes have slipped the rncn1ory of the present generation just now. Lieutenant Schcvcnell, in1n1ccliately upon the a~:sun1ption of his duties, perceived the necessity of putting the cmnpany through all ihe n1ovements and evolutions of the regular anny drill, f f()r although each 1ne1nber was rich in the ex- I' 1 l 271 pericncc of rnan:y years of life, all were as little children in the science of war. So one fine afternoon the "Thunderbolts" wcr~ dra\vn up in line on the lot just in front of the present residence of Hon. \V. ] . .:\lorton and alongside the can~pns of the Cniversity of Georgia, and everything \\as got in readiness to instruct the old gentlcrnen in the alphabet of war. The n1crnbers of the con1pany did not arrive as properly as the precise Frcnchn1an would have had them do, but can1e sauntering along with all ec:sc and grace, just as if there was no such thing as stern and rigid discipline. S01ne of the1n brought with then1 their umbrellas, son1e their newspapers, and nearly all of thcn1 their spectacles. The sable Prince ;\lbcrt coat, the light and airy alpaca, the con1mon everyday business apparel, all con1bined to Inake the assen1blagc a striking and picturesque one. Son1e came puffing and blowing after a long and dusty t1mnp over the hills of Athens, and here and there one dropped in a-straddle of a n1ule of the genuine Georgia variety. It took several drills to unli1nber the joints and train the n1uscles of the tnetnbers, but soon they were able to take on the regular drill with guns, and one evening can1e fully arn1ed to the parad~ grounds. The guns were of all kinds, smne tnuskets, some rifles, son1e shotguns, but all deadly looking weapons-warranted to kill on the least 272 provocation frmn a blnc coai, The appearance o{ the cmnpany 1na_:-. haYe hct'n a hule off. hut \\hat the 1ne1nhers lacked in unlfonnit.y the\ made up in earnestnes:;. J....icn1.e;Iant Scl1eyenell was a hard drill master and every nnw and then one o the 111e1nbcrs \\ ould hand his gun to his trusted slave ncar by. t.~ke his 1..11nbrella, leisurely raise it over his heated brow and stand in ranks until disposed to take up his gun again . .\s ti1ne rolled by the Jnem1Jcr.s gained knu\\- lcdgc of Inil11.;:u-y tactics, and it is rccorclecl that at nearly cycry regular drill some n1cmbcr 1vould halt the captain or the lieutenant when an order 1\"as given that didn't "ecn1 exactly correct, and then there 1\onld ensue a heated discussion as t',l the 1nooted question, for the ""1'hunderbolts." not being- subject to any 1nilitary authnrity on earth. save themselves. fixed their Ol\"11 rules, and one i of thc-;e rules was that each n1embcr retained in I it .., entit-ety hi." individnal Iibert_,-. The regular ann) n1ight haye a con1t martiaL but 1\ith the Thunderbolts" each 1nembcr wa.s lhe guardian and judge of his own conduct. - \,-; one of the finishing ~ouches Lieutenant ,:-;chevenell put the con1pany through a k:iud of skinnish drill that required the n1en1bers to li.._ clown on lhe gronnd. ro1l over and fire as they "'-Yent. Such 1night be fnn to the average .sulclie1-. 'r l>ut to the member.-; of Lhe '"Thunderhn1ts'' it 1\ a.; I 273 the consun1111ation nf well as an out- r;:gc upon their dignity. n:bdkd at the orders gi\cn them all-hen Captain Uarrc,\v a1-rivecl in i\thcns and n1ade known his intentions, Dr. I-Ienry IIull politely infon11ecl him_ that if he wished to inspect hint, he would find hirn on his front porch at his honte every n10n1ing at 9 o'clock. Captain Billups inforn1ed Captain Barrow that hE' wished he would dishancl the old company, as it seetned as if General Cobb couldn't let the tnembers live in peace without inflicting such foolish- 276 1tcss np011 ihe1n as the red tape of an anny inspection. Finally, however. as a courtes;. to Captain 1:arrow, and not as any tnark of recognition of the authority of General Cobb in the n1attcr, the company agreed to be inspected. \Vhen the time approached for the inspection, Privaic Junin:~ I1illycr stepped to the front and read the follow- salty and solen1n protest: .\thens, Ca., July 4, r864.--Dcar General: regret that onr conversation at the insurance office was intenuptcd he fore I had an opportu nity of giving you n1y \ricws about Ol11" company. a11(l 1 intencled to renew the convcrsrttion ~11 your house-Saturday night, but had no opportu~ n1t) nf doing so. Pcnnit 111e to repeat what you a1rC::'ad_\ knuw, that ihe organization of our con1 pany \vas the ,-esnlt of a popular 1novement, and \\as intended to enable us t.o render snc11 service as \VC had the strength to perfonn in i.h.:: defense of our h01ncs. Ii. was never conten1plated by us that we could hy any possibility be brougi t into the Confederate service under the cmnm.owd of anny officers and subjected to the 'ntles and articles of \Yar. I took an active part in getting up the company; L nrg-ccl others lo join. assuring then1 that 1vhal they feared above all thin{~.:-:i was, under the clea1- language of Cougress, ilnpossible; to-\vit: that whenever the government got a shacknv of pretext, all law., and rights 277 \\unld be disreganled ancl '.\-c \\onld be fon.:c~..i lr;to service. \Vhen l found that the gov'-';T._n,cPl ,, as ass1uning to take control of ns lwyond \YhClL our rules and regnlatiuns warranted. 1 felt caller! upon to 1nake good the asst1rance which l:._t several puhlic speeches J had g-iven to tl~...: l't~.-) ple. . \nO \Vhen I asked that co1np;:_'..'l\ _h~ct Yith al1nost entire tmanimity. In a COll\Trsation r n1ight have cnlaxgccl and ~nnp]ific[CmCI Young. ()nr positlun is one of prjnciplc. Vcr: rcspe..._tlully, yn11r friend, .n::-;n:s l ULLYER. Soon after this occasjon the ~:tarry tc its last defeat at .\ppn1natto;..;_. The ];o]b laid a~idc tl1cir \YC:lpnns >xith 1\'11-ich the:: hn.':.LTtction g;aY<..' lr,~ ;d and \\nrth: serdce to .\thcns and to ;he state. ()ne by one.: they h<.wc entered rc.c;t an(l IJC'<\Y they han: all pitc1Jecl their tents npon the cw11p- 280 1ng g-rolllHl of eteruity. Tile stor_\ o[ tlle1r con nct..'tion '' ith this nniqne 1nilitar_,. o1ganization a 1 \Yays \\"as the sonrce of nnu~h 1nerrin1ent and enjoyment io them as the: recalled the fnnn\ scene.", and incidents of those days. ),..ct i\ith all the {un and hnn1orot1.s situation:->. \\ith all their dignity and personal l1lwrty. who "ill 1ise up and s:1y that. had the occasion ar r;ved Im action and the necessity arisen for flg-hting, the_y would not have fought as lHavei:I <1.:--. any soldil~Ls '"vho, throughout that ensanguined strnggle, Iollowccl the leadership of the knighth J;:;.ckson or the peerless [..-C'C-;, Cl L\ r>TER XXX \'IT. ::\11'. John Cilleland, one of the ThuncledJo!ts, conceived the id('a of n1aking a double-barrelled cannon. J-Ti,s plan was to load the cannon with two balls CPllnectecl h_:.r a chain. which -.,..,-hen projected \YOnld sweep acro,ss the battlefie-ld and 1now do..,..,n the enemy some\vhat as a scythe cuts \vheat. The cannon was cast at the Athens T<'onndry. duly bored out and Inountccl. and on the appnintecl cia:> was taken I(Jl' its trial irip on the Ncvvton's Bridge 1oad beycmd J)L Linton's. .A wide track was cni through the pines and a target of poles set np side by side. A cornpany of interested spcctatz>rs. among then1 the write!". watched the proceeding-s from a safe distance in the rear. The 281 gun -.,-.,.as loaded and the ball~ r;umnccl hmnc \Yitlt ihclr connecting chain. 'J'he signal was given. and the lanyanl pulled. One ball \\Tnt ont ahca'~ oc- the uthcr. snapped the chain. which f1n\ Ci.rouncl and <-lin.Ttld the course ot ihc mi~~sih. into the .sb..nding pines. The other shut \\ide o~ the 1nark. and 1hc pules which n.:ptcscnil~J th.; hostile ;un1y stood lminjun'd. The cx:petinlent \\as a failure. The cannon -.,,as taken fron1 the field, atHl ,,as only used in after years to cclcbraie Dl:nwcraiic victories. lt stands no\V near ihe Confederate tnonntlleni. the only \Yeapon of its kind in the ,,-odd. Tn this connection it tnay be rcntarkecL i\thens i:> ihe unly city in the \Vorlcl which has a cloublcharrellcd cannon, a tree which owns itself, and a fire engine which g-ot bnrned up. The last was the olU "lndepcndcnce, ., aftenvarcls chtistened "Relief 1\o. 2,' the ficst engine \Ye ever had, which had been turned over to the negroes. and clicl goocl scn'ice under Capt. Randall :\Torten and Capt. Mat Davis. \Vhile quietly reposing in a \vooden she JPaid to a Xorthern fam-il_\- residing in _\thcns. ()ur uwn family consisted of fotn- adults an( 1 three childn:-n. 1t will be seen iben that ,,-~ all had- p1enty of waiting on. Judcccl ou lookin,:..> back at Llte nutnher of sen'ants it seem.~ a \n!ndc: that there \\as any development of chaJactcr in those clays or an_\ pronotion o energy. .\s tu that ho-we-vel, the llistory of the->c same people f01 th_c llCXt decade will anS\\'CL ~~llt With ccr 1rany servants there \vas no idling .H r:;o often as n1\T 1nother whipped 1ne, and he vas not so 1-.;-oo,l a hoY. citheL i\1y father never solcl but one of-hls ncr:-;roc;. I \vcli ren1emher the occasion. Dart, one o tlF.:: plant.:1tion hancls, c;:une fn one night 011 a pass. (every negro hacl :t pass at nigl1t to cscctpc ctr~ rest and detention. J have "\\Titten hundreds of tl1en1 aLct Sam pass. TJ. 1-Iuli.'') and said. C(~fas 1Tenry, I've had a fuss with 111~ daddy, anc1 ; can't stay on the plantation no longer wid hi.m. T want you to sel1 me." Fiis dadd-., '."\as 1llc forc-111:111 on the- field. :\Jy father enquired into i.hc trol1hic and told Dart to stCly in t0\\"11 t1lc nc"" t cL:l}- ancl think bettet of it. TllC next nitht l1c sti11 asked that he he sold. ?\Ty father tolcl him tn ~-o and flnd a llC\Y 11.letster. \Vben Tiact Gll11e hack he said: ((::\f;:.;-;' Jnhn s:1.\~ iJc'll bu_1. me.'' (,~T sold to hin1 and made hi;,, a F::1ith fnl .scrv:::L7t nnti1 he wa:~ freed. 'l'her" \\as JVl clfo;t :1i n1issinna1,. \YOJ k ;:YlGll:-:_:thc negroes in tl1c conniry thai T rC'mcmbcr. Tn the t0\\'11 1\"Cn~ t\YO dn11chc.s foi- negTnC's. nne r:;vay through Ccorgia atJ(_i a raid on . \thcns \Y<.b C.:\..pcclcd, 111> nlothcr r;ut all her ~ih-c1 and fine cuCcry tug\_'tlic-t ancl a small keg o( ilne bratHJ) \\ hich ~Lc \Ya- saving for sun1c unknown ucca:-;iun, and gayc it: to uld Dilly to hide a\\ay,uunc but she and [;illy knew where. /\11 1vere safely n::covcrcd except the bratHly. l1illy said that had "leaked son1c. J L \\as belie ,'cd Lo he a case of I~ro Rabbit and the butter, 1Ynt l~illy \\as nc\-cr told so. 'The Clll<_lncipaticn proclamation o( :\fr. Lin- i1 coln had nu ci-Iect on the negroes at Ll1c til1lz.:, al- tLough Liley \YCrc generally tol(l of it. ~\her the S111Tcnder ui- Ccne>-al johnston thct-c cune a hr1- gadc of Federal cavalry in search of ~Ir. Dayis. It was the signal for the disruption of the old regitnc. J\I y father callccl up the hands 011 the p1antation and told then~ ther were no\v free ancl nn1st take care of thcn~selvcs; if they chose they n~ight retnain on the place until tbcy shon1d decide what to do. The effect \\a-, curious. The younger n~en left at once to enjoy their new found freeclom with a happ:y-go-lncky lack oL 202 forctliong-ht. not kno\\ing w!kl->...: they \Yen: to get their snppcrs. ']'1;.--~ :11en. \\~th families ~-,~n~incd. The rcali;ation that JL) 'IWrc 1 at ions \\,'>"Jld be issued to them. that they !1<:hl 11f\ j, ,1,_~(T :.~ borne ancl the feeling that the fnc~d ''h) ha(~ tboug-Lt for thc111 and planned for 1hc1ll all tl:cir 11\cs had !10\\. cast the1n off saddened :1111! ( -!!),c:,e.c:d them . . \t tlic ho111e in to\Yn tlu: ncgrcJ~._'s ]);:;_1] al: vad:' heard the nc\YS. Some one said to the olrl (',_Juk. '".\ullt i!cay, don't you knov,: yon C'(~ \tee:..... ':\las' Henry ain't told Inc so yiL'' she rcpliccl. \\'hen n1y ather told her she 1cpliecl ''it 1!on\ make no di(lcrcnce to me," and it didn't. She lived with every c01nfort, cooking for the family nntil she laid down and died. Of the other ne- g-roes tile scllipstrcss and her da11ghters moYed off the lot intu a little house belonging to my father, lt .L;cHing cnough '..vork to support them. The nurse and her fa1nily nJOvccl away to mwther part o: the town where they \\ere not so comfortable hnt felt less rcsttain1. The <.aniagc drive1 g-ot cmplnyment with a livery stable. One of the car- p<. ntcrs died of c;nwllpox. that scourg-e of the ne- g-! oes after th<.' war. but old Dilly insisted on sticking to his 111aster \Yhu supported him, and took to making t uhs and buckets for n'a.dy cash to bny his d1am ~mel tobacco. ()ne of the plantation hands can1e to my father to buy a piece of JaneL \Vhen he came at night--- 293 all their yisib \YCl-c. Jnade al night~-hc took oul <1 little bag- and emptied un the t:-tblc filt.\ ~Ioilars nr n1ore in eY<.Ty couceivabk coin that '.Ynu~d pass. Tl1cTe \\ere -:\Icxican d()lbrs \Yn to yote. [{c nnclcrtouk lo e:-;::plain lbc :situation tu llin1 and advised him. lie said. ".\[i_ke. you haYe kno-wn me all you1 life. Don't you believe T would tell you 1.vhat is right?" :{es. ".\la~ :Henry, I know 1.1hat you ,<:;a_\' i.'' right .. , !~ut he voted the other \\ay all th:~ :-;~:me. Thl" negroes \YCrc told lhat their tnastcrc; \\ould put thcn1 back into slaycry nnless the_, \\ ould vote \Yith the Republicans and tl1c (!1ll'stion achnitted of no argnment \Yith th(~lll. Yet they \Yonlcl c-onsult their old mast("rs on eve;.' other subject and ahvays cun1e to tl1em for help i1 tinw of trouble. In .spite of the bitterness which those infan1ous rc:::onstruction days engendered bt:t \\ccn white-> 294 and blacks. the lo\c and aiTccti.on of the: indiYithtal nCYlT n<-wcd. Fronl the _, onngcst to ilF' uldc<:;t \\llciH~n~r the: n1et ":\Ias l:lcnry"' or an_, mcmi)cr ul the f~unil:, the eye yuu1cl lit->:ht up and a stnilc c,f y;clconic co1ne n\-c!- the face. _\ncl <.tr lii~ hu;ia1 after mau_:: years the_\ came fron1 a ,., diu:-: of tell 111iles annHHl to luuk once n1ure on the face of him \Yho had C\'CJ" a kindlr \YOrd for i!Clll. .\ ycu a~Tl the. last of the uld lh_gro'-~ di,_'d :\la1n a tinlC ~lle kl(l baked n1c a huccakc ;tnd hruu.~ht- frc.~;h Lutter ;:md S\\ ect 1nilk front the cc1()l dr~\\ell \Yhen 1 canw ln \\Tary lrom a tr;)n~p nyec tnc plantation. \\-hen ] uwt her last \\ i'_;r_ a clean bandann;l l1ollncl ahunt he; head and :l lli.tc "t..;-eJchicf crossed t1pun llcr bJS,)l11. she d:-oj;pnl me <~.u old tin1c courtesy and said: ''110\\ d yc llt)" young nwster. .. r thought then. and r hclic\-c 110\\" that shall not sec bcr like e \"t'"" ~~r...;ain. Cl L\I'TIZR XXX\~III. 1u the spring of I 8G5 tlle blight of four years o[ desolating \Y..,either fire ncn pestilence h~Hl visited her. IZefngecs rron1 c\cry SoutlJcn1 state huc remained nnchang:ed. Simple. obedient and cheerful he pursued t11l' even tcno1 of his \Yay \\ith nnquc.stioncd faith in hls masler ancl wilh nought bnt conternpl fo1 ''clem '(ankee~." Factory thread \\as the tncdium of exchange ill larg-e txansactions. Confederate Jnoncy had lost its va1uc and dollar bills \Yere only g-ood in peanut trades. There were nunots of certain folks having- smne"vhcrc hid away a hundred dollars in g-old, bnt such extravag-ancies \~:ere not generally believed. IL is strange with universal destitution stating- them in the face that ibe Sonthern people should have still hoped for success; and so ;u Athens the ne\vs of Lee's surrender \Vas re- --- 298 ctived with that dmnb amazcn1cnt which n1ight f(,llO\Y the going out () the sun at noon. 'T"hc confirn1ation of the s111-rcndcr of 1 ..cc CLnd Johnston \Yas follo-\Ycd L~- the feeling of ,-clicf t]~at the war \\as over. The kno\\ ledge that all had been done that C(m]d be done. ! heir p1iclc in the Southern soldier tho11,..;"h snJ-rcndcrcd : the \\-clcoming- his nturn on c\cry hand totk awa;: the keen edge of defeat frmn the South. TlF:b;)lluy day.c;; uf spring. the rcsi ful lcc1ing of bein~-~ lJo11JC to stay. no reveille. 110 forced n1arch. lltJ night attac1..::s. no shrieking ,c.;;hc11, n:1 ping o thr~ minic ball follo\\cd ])y a tl1L1d awl the fall of -l comrade: this blessed repose took ;:t_w;t_l f()J" the time every regret that the hhm-.:: of the pa::::t fcnn ) car:-> had cumc to \\~Ot sc than non~-ht. .\nd so \\T cntcn=:d npon a nC\\- li lc. \ r1uautity of Confetkraie comtnissary slnccs had been placed iu what is now I<:ppcs-\Yilkin.o; st(Jrc. nndcr lhc charge o -:\Tajor John YV. 2\:ichol.<.::. opened the house and Sa'..::kcd it. nolts of doth, salt. tin kettles and pans, bacon and leather \verc appropriated and carried oft"_. .-\s a matter of conrse this could not be clone \Yith~lllt friction, in the way it was clone. There \Yctc SC\:cral figl1ts, <'tlld a soldier shot old Ccotge. the negro shocnwkcr belonging to Dr. Joe Carlton, 29':-> hreaking his ja\Y bone and spoiling [or life the :-ymmctry l;f his face and llis articnlation. Froni tl-;is 1aid the ~~:mills of \ilH_'ns ol)tainccl -.....-hitc Jlannc1 C1H1',gh to clothe thcn1 fo~- the sttmJncr, ;11Hl tlanncl snit~~ hecantc the popnbr fad. !<'or a :c\Y months anarch' rcignc<1. bn1 \-_ithout disonlcr. The Lt\YS \\Tlc in force without an_\ one to enforce then!. Jnd;_:cs, .'--he1iJrs and ()tl1cr nrficcrs \Yen: disqu;-tJjii_cd l111't.~] the: had takL'n the oath. The only c::--:crcise uf autoc:?ttic ;::.uthorit_\ dn1iu~ the hiatus \\as the isc:uance h: 'i'lwma:-, Cra\\ ford. a Jc-ft(n ci pn.c;tm~:.:-;tcr of the Con lcdcr~wy, of a private pnst:1ge ~:lamp bear i11 g his name, and one of these stamps !s 110\\-.,-alncd at far IllOtT tl1an the c-niirc ~ala1y en the v)stJnaster then an1(n1ntc soldier, and proceeded it) appropriate it. Ccncral Palmet had his heaclqu~u-tcls in the llnnsc when:- .:\Ir. llcnl-_\ flnll lived, no\Y the lmJwrial [iotcl. It is fair to hin1 to say that he did all !Je cunld it.) pn)tcct the citizens and to n:storc their stolen propcrt_v. lt \\'as our first C.\:p<:>ricncc wltl1 the Yankee. and when lte hid us adieu he left an ahiding inlprcssion which ''ill llCYtT facl( fnnn our reJncnibrancc. Tllc following extract fron1 a kiter ,-cccivccl fnm1 .:\Jrs. P. 11. :\[ell to the \\ 6tcr about these days \Yill he intc;:csting- to the ,-cadcr "The Fedc:Tal troop:; ca1ne to .\ thens Thursday. ~[a_: 4th, t8()S. 1'hcy ca111c without a nolc nl \\arning. \\-c \\Trc at school; ::\[iss Lipscorn!J Y\as called hurriedly front the rou1n about te11 o'clock. (_) course y,rc suspected son1ething \\Tong, and rushC'd to the windows, although this \\as forbidden, and to our utter horror saw the street in front of the Lncy Cobb full of bluecoats. ] will never forget n1y tcnor. l\'l iss l,ipscomb came in very quietly and with no en1otion (but \\ith a very pale face) she disrniss<:>d the school. She arranged ns in bands fen our Jnutual protection and sent us horne. 11ecanse 1 lived in the country (where the Country Club 301 i~ no\Y) and ,,-onld have to go home alone. she adyiscd me to accept Susie 1-Jills invitation, and 1 \Yent home ,,-ith her and SJ lClll Thursday awl Friday. O!l S:ttunlay thin~.:;s \\ere more quiet. and my father c~unc fur nw in the carriagc and I returned ho111C. f renleJlllK'l- \\ell the incident.-; of those da_;. s. Ed and Jim Th'111las returned Thnrsda_)- fnm1 their coJnniand and stayed wit\1 ::\Irs. l-1ill for our pn)tection; \\'cllJon1 I fill \\a.-; also there. The Federals took pussessiun of the \\Tatch man office. and issued on Saturday. -:\fay Oth. an e:dra which they sent to all subscril)crs. I ha\-c a copy of it now, preserved thnmgh the thoughtfulness of 1ny father. Ti is vel-y funny, for it represents the editor as Y\Titing the most dreadful things al)out the South. ft also gives ficti-tious extracts from the Ca~-olina Spartan and Salisbury \Vatchtnan to the sanw effect. The next issue the editor took char~~.-c ag-;:tin. and it was truly ann1sing tn n~acl his earnest denial of everythillg that the extra ma.de hin1 say. I gi\"e the iollowing cxLl-act fn)nl the extra, which will prove that 1ny dates arc co1-r-ect: ''l'he Federal forces nncle1- the counnancl uf B1ig. Cen. Palmer entered our place on the 4th inst. The conduct of the troops since their occupation of the tO\\n has been good, ancl reHects great credit upon General Pahncr as a stl-ict disciplinarian. \V-e hupe tbat ou1 citizens \Vil1 endeavor by kind 302 treatn1ent tc:n,\ards the soldiery to cncourage :l cnntinn:J.ncc of the protection -.,-.,.hich they seem \\illing to afford.' People in .\thcns who rcnlember ho\\. those soldiers beha\T the tunc of the "Ro,2;ne< .:\larch." a ilk of ::;oldicrs folln\Ying and a hi:arjou5 crO\\-cl of buys and llCf:?,TOC:, surnn1nding them. _\t another tiniC fottr negroes \Yc:rc n1adc to stand each on an uptnrned barrel for twelve bonrs from six jn the 11101~niug ti11 six in the evening \\'ith pl5 atHl anxious to be ritl of them, turned them over to Chancellor ljpscomb to be hcltl for the l_~nivcrsity-ncithcr of them appreciating tbcir nltin1atc value. \Vhen 7"11L Davis nrts threatened IYith tria1 fc, treason. it was bclieYed by some of his fricud-> that the Executive docnn1cnis \Vonld be evidence in his favor, and upon thci1 achice the papers were deli\rercd io Ccnetal \Vilson upon hi:=-, n:::ccipi to be dcpnsitccl ,-,ith the proper authorities in Y\rashington. h is presnmcd that they arc no\\. there. The sunnner u_f T865, if I rcrnctnher aright. \\"C!.S marked Ly byo accidents-one fatal, the other almost so. Eel Talmage. a son of \Villiam r. Talmage, \VetS bathing in the riYcr above the lower \)ridg-e with other boys. . \ quarrel took place-, -.,-.,-hen ]ln1 KiHle picked up a sh(lt p,Tn 1yin;::; by and pcmrccl the load into Talnwg-.: killing hitn instantly. Kittlc fled anc1 did not !eturn for lllany years. The other acciclenl happened to Thnrnas 2\{. Daniel, who was riding in a hng-gy when the n1ulc ran away. Daniel attetnpted -to jurnp out fron1 behind, and was ihrcnvn to the ground near the 1tethoclist church upon his head, frotn "\vbich he never recovere(l entirely. The travelling to and fro of returned soldiers and freed negroes scattered snta11pox broadcast 30B n\cr the South. It appeared 1n _\thew; ill the I sn1nme1 of iRGs and thcough strcnnous eff01ts \\ ete 111ade io stan1p it out, 180 ca:-,cs \Yen~ n.:pt)rtcd hy Dr. )Iome. \d10 had charge of the l lJp.c:;pitals, of \Yhich ten cases died. . \mong these ,, ere Robett Gardner. a \\ell knO\\n ptintcr. _fnhn Yarborough. and two ncgroe:-:.. Dayy I lull and ~eel 1Iolbr(Joks. both of \Yhom \YCre highl) cstecniCd by all the whitl: people. Juhn Ya1horongh \\as one of the innst men \ \.-ho ever cuJscd a COil11lH11lit). l-Ie had sonndccl all the depths of every form of ,-ice and depra\- I it:-. He \Yas by turns a g<:unblcr. a barkeeper. a nigg-crtrader, a proprietor of a disr-~pntablc house. a drunkard and a thief. Smart and ac- ti\e he attracted )uung- men onl) to debauch tbcrn as the candle attracts the poor moth only tu leave it !Jlackened and disfigured. I1is n1ost \ notorious den was the "Forks of the Road, .. just this side of the Xonnal School. and in the nightly orgies which distinguished it he defied the ]a\\ s (f the State =-1s \\ell as the 1noral sentiment of tiu: to\\"11. I I c deserted his wife ancl consorted \\ith i gang, amongst \Yhom \\"hen stricken by thl i;:tal malady he cliecl 111iserably. rotting it is .said. v\"hile he \Y.\as stationed ;n Athens at the tin1e. n1ade earnest efforts to a\vaken the :\fcthoclist.!c consciences of his n1en1bers, an(l the clcnvn itnpudently thanked hin1 in the circllS for the advertisernent; but it had been so long since the people had been in earshot of a sho\Y, that they hacl so long heen oppressed hy trouLlcs of various sorts, that the opportnnit:y -,vas not to he lightly thro"\Yn away. It \Yas estitnatecl that the con1pany carried off \vith then1 $1o.ooo as the n.:ceipts fr01n two per forn1anccs, though 1 su:.;pect the ~unonnt \vas exaggerated. ;\ s soon as possible after qniet \Yas restored, schools \VtTC opened for the n1uch-needed education of the yottng 1ncn and hoys. P1of. Rnth 312 c1funl and his ~on. CapL John C. I<.ntbetfonl, had many scholars: CoL ::\lagill, \\hu had lost an ann and had been conmlandant before the surn:nder, and Prof. \YaddclL too. had pupil:.:. The: I ~llc_,- Cobb .fnstitutc began a success Eul career UJHkr _\Iadan1e ~osl10\Yski. Judge L.umpkin rc:-,unJCd his law school. .\tTangemcnts \\ere tnaclc tn n~open tlw colh.:g-c. Dr. L1pscomb, Dr. -:\fell, .\lr. 1~uthcdonl. .:\!1. \Vacldrcll aJJd Dr. Jones \\ere in thci1 places on Januar_\- _sth. t8(i(i, and the :-.cssion opened \Yith sevc11t_; -eight students present. For a fe\\" years afiet the war. the clas.-, or .student;;; was unlike any tl1at hacl evo::,, ;Jttcndcd ccllege be (ore. .:\fan~- of t]lelll \\"Cl"~ gT0\\'11 tncn and n1ost of then1 had been thr-ough ihe costly experience of a fuur year's war, with all its lessons of endurance and self-den1aL The: had not cornc for- pastime or to idle away their time. '"fhcy \VCF' in dead earne-st. It was a qucstlon of food ancl rainwnt, a strug-gie for existence. Poorly fitted for a college cnrriculmn, i' \\"ClS only by hmcl -..vork that they kept up ,\-lilJ the requircnKnts. 1~ut those were the 1nen who a fe"\v year;;; !<:tier swayed ibe sceptre of the State and redeemed Georgia from the blighting curse o[ the carpet-bagger. CIL'\PTER XL. I ..ct us look back at the topographical charac- 313 tcr of ~-\thenc, at this time for n1any chang-es haYc occurred since then. The Cc-orgia Rallroad \\itating 1nan_y a tin.:son1e pnll in golng to an:l f1 o. ( )n ( koncc street a liHlc above the- church. 1kpnty ::\I arshal Shirle;- lin~d in a t\Yo-stor) fnunc 1tuttsc, and on the opposite triang-ular lot \YaS the old icc hOLlSC. f f01\ llleiS and at night hcnled at \Yill upon the sicle\\alks. f-logs ran at large. dispensing sweet odo1s on the C\ en~ il!g." air and bearing their young unblushing!_, h~ the front gate. The prirniti,c cnstotn of dttnlping all the trash and refuse of the hm..lsehold over the back fence ,,-as in ,-ogne. enrich~ ing- but not ennobling the adjacent soil, and alongthe fence where there \Yas no siclc-..Yalk. the \Yceds .~re\\ in thickets dense enough to hide a compa ny of sharp-shooters. Fron1 the "Xortheastern depot to the river \\as a virgin fon:::st known as Dr. \\-arc's \YOods. and this side the depot we1c ctlliivatec1 fields or pastures. ~..,. ewtown was an old pine field. Back of the houses on ()conee street \Yerc woods and COLl fields. ancl the boys bathed in the river at an~ point bet\veen the bridges secure fron1 the public gaze. Indeed, "the Lake" on Trail creek and the "shallo-..v hole" and "Dearing's fence" on the river. \Vel-e the successive stag-es in the swinltner's education. After gTaduating at "D<."aring-'s fence'' a boy might go in "Carr's poncl'' at will and learn to s\vin1 around "the pines," 'vhich. ston11~scarred and dead, stood sentinel at the head of the poud. "J\.foore's branch'' was a dan~ gerous, though popular place. Several boys have been drc.P.-Yned there who were antbitious beyond their c1bility to swirn. Cobbhant was a town ln the \Voocls. Forest 317 trees stood here and there in the stn~cts, \YhiclJ ungraded. rose and fell -ith the undulations of the adjoining !uts. E,cry Jut hacl its garden ;mel the family CUIY \Yas uhiqnitons. -::\o clatic~ ing milk-tllan llnr hacks. nor early train::-, clistt:rhccl the slumbers or the cad_\- 1J101TL The onl) uain of the time. the ".\then:-~ Jlranch," lefL at the genteel honr of nine and rctu1ned at fiYe. There \Yas no need of haste and life \\'as live.] at lei.stlle. The year J8(i() 1vitncssed a general rc\ival (>i : lmsiness. of cdncation and of religion. :;e,~ firms infused nc,,- life in all places (l[ business. 'I'lle int-1ux of students of both sexes added liL~ and income to tbe town. The first observance of ~1 cmoria1 Day occurred .:\fa~- 4th, when an addtcss suitable to tl!e occasion was clelive1ecl by Gen. \\'n1. :\1I. Bro\Ylle. The first commencetncnt--after the \Yar-was held July 4th. The old interest in this day rcviycd and the attendance was increased by the adoption of the clay by the freedmen as their indepencleuc-e day, and the report that had been spread atnong them that every one \voulcl be fined $5 \vho didn't con1e to tO\Yn. Great crowds flocked to the can1pns and \.\'ere \.vith son-Ie difficulty kept out of the chapel. The conm1encen1ent tnnsic was furnished by local colored talent. and Billy Holbrooks, Ton1 Reed and \Ves Drown 31~ \\ith fiddles and clarionct, dispensed the san1e olcl tunes, 111ade fan1iliar at 111any a dance. On con1mcncen1ent day, however, they were required to bring out their brass horns, an act which produced the keenest regret in the audience. . \ revival of religion in the fall o I 8(i6, \vhich was begun ancl carried on in the :\Iethodist chnrch during the pastorate of Rev. ~fL Fades spread throughout the con1n1unity ancl n1orc than eighty cmncrt.s joined the church. The old store on Droad street long ago occupied by Daynon & Ritch, but then by L. ~\. Dugas \\as entirely constnned by fire in that year, but ).1r. I31oomfic1c1 v..ith characteristic energy began to rebuild before the bricks grew cold. The gas \vod.'es and for years did l1y ar the largest business of any firn1 in )..Tortheast Georgia. 319 The year 18GG \vas prolific in deaths of plmnin- cni citizens of .\thcns. ln January .\fr. ..:\sbtny 1Jull clicd sndclenly while reading his Uible at his hon1e. ~Ir. 'r'hon1as Bishop, an olcl1nerchant, diccl in .\pril. and ~lr. \bijalt Conger clie:d rJf paralysis, ag-ccl B-+. J nly \\as marked by the death of l)t. 1-foyt, pastm of the Presb) tc1ian church. Dr. lloyt catnc to .\thcns in 1830 and or thirty-six years n1inistcrecl to his flock s.har- ing in their joys. and their sorrows. :\lany ol th<.>m he held at their baptism, heucl the peal of their \>:cchling bells ancl listened to thei1 fnneral toll. 1 !e \\as succecdccl by Rev. :\h. !~nrkheatl. Cen. ".\[. L. Srnith also elieel in July. :\IL Ross Crane in October ancl :\faclan1e ConYaiu in ~Yhich had been very ncar to tender profc~sions of love and tcyclations of political schcn1cs, \Yas ruthlcs;;ly tocn a\yay and consig-ned t\) the rag pile thctc. l"nclcr the forced n~gistration la \\- the \Ylliics \YCl"C g-reatly in the n1inority, and under the ruling of l~cncta1 J )ope which 111adc the count_\ couJthousc the only precinct, but fc,, of these cared to go seven tnilcs to vote. llo\\cvcr, at tl1c last nwtncnt, CoL Daggett changed the polling place to .-\ thcns. The first election for the legislature in the era of reconstruction resulted in the choice of :\Iacli..,(111 Davis oyer James T. Sansom. ~\lat Davis \\as then. a leader of his race; to his credit be it said he \\as always on the side of law awl order, and his int-hlen,_c a1nong his peupk \\as :d\\ays for peace. :\T~d was to all appearances a \Yhite n1a11. Indeed, \Yhen negroes \\ere expelled hom the lcg1slatnre in 1 8(J8, ~1 at \\as not disturbed in his tennre of rJf(icc. (Jnce \\hen in \\.ashington City ~\lat went to a hotel and be fore registering .c;aid to the cierk ''l thiuk I should lcll you sir. that 1 am_ a colored 111an. \\'hereupon the clerk said ''lf you had not said S< l \vould have assig-ned you a room. hnt since you tell me you are colored you cannot stop at this hotel." So "\fat ~;ttolled nn until he came t'J a hotel for neg-roes. 11ut as he proceeded tq 322 n_'gister the clerk saicl to hi1n: "You cannot sto1_J here; this hotel is exclusively (or colored people.'' ''J~nt 1 an1 a colored man,'' said :\[at. ''\-on 1nay ])e, but you a1e too \Yhitc for tllis hotel," .said the clerk. . \nd but for an .\thenian in the city \\ho knc\\- him and took hirn in, :\fat n:i.~ht have walked the str-eets of \Vashingtou a~l 11:gllt looking fur a place to .c:lccp. CI L \I '1'ER XLI. Those ,,-llo did not gn th1ongl1 the pcriod of reconstruction cannot appreciate the conditi11n of a-ffaiJ-s in those troublon,c; tin1cs. Thon1as l)ixon'.s Clan.srnan is not exaggerated. The in.snlencc of the lately f:-ccd slave \Yas intolerable. Idle, \'enal, often bestial, encour-aged to self assertion ])y \\hitc rcnegadcs and hacked by the JK}\\cr of the !<'1ecdman's !htn::an, he \Yas a n:enacc to society. 1 [ \\e appealed from his rascalit: it was to a corrupt Jndgc. 1f we puni~hed his insolence \YC paid a fine to the FrecdJnan ':-; I ~urcau. 1 f \\ c resorted tc more serious rcpl-isal...- we we1e carried under arrest to i-\tlc~nta and probably jailed. ln the towns the aggregation of \Yhite men held in check the negTo, ht1t in the village and in ihc country they were fast becoming a terroL \Von1e11 feared to go ont alone and every 111an n:nt armed. 'I'o check tl1is growing evil this threatening horror, the Kn Klnx Klan \vas or- r I 32 ganized. This ,,as no body of faniastics out for a frolic. Ti 'Xas cmnposcd of bands of earnest .111en bent on serious bu.sines;.;, determined l! J maintain the -intc.~Tity ol their h01nes, to rid the com1nunity of dangerous characters and restore peace and .c:ood order to their country. fn Clarke County the Kn hlnx cmnpri'Jcd l some of whom an~ nO\\" living in ~\_ihcns ancl arc I \n~ll kno\Yll to the \\Titer. They \\ere aided and alwaccl l)y older men of character and Jnean;:;. ;nenll)cr~; ,)] 1:1c \-arious churche~ and cstecn;ccl for their 'Xorth. The~ were o:ganizcd in bands I of i\Ycnty or thirty. each under a Captain. \\'hen there \Yas work for the band io do a notice \\as mysteriously nailed to the stahlc door to ' meet at the uo;ual place at such an hour. These notices \Y(.:rc phrased in mystcrion.s \\ onb \Yhic:l Lhc: n1cmbc1- :_:ndcrslood \Yell cnr,ug1J but \\ hich might well appall the uninitiated \Yho sitould 1T to Lhc ~\"1-:;itc people, S\\Tlling \\ith insollncc and inciting (lihcr negrucs to devilish deeds. ( )nc nigl1i the I--.: u Klux about fort~\ strong \\Tnt to hi:-, honsc and <.:~dlcd !Jim out. l J c rct1:::.:atcd to ilic ::tHlc and the door \\as bn)kcn op(_:-n with an a:--..:_c. \ 1natch \\-~ls strHck and l_llc 1:cp;ro located and 011 ~1is rcfu.,;al to conw Ullt lJc \\ clS :Jtoi. J,eaving hi111 fur dead, the detail ca1nc 01~t, 1Jut ~Ls the last 111an came dcnn1 ibc narnn\" :-otair the \\"CH.lJHlcd negro reached fur his g-un ~u;d .<;hot hint. ]-lc was a handso111e: _, oung fc11ow, popubr ~md bra\ c. lie died and \':as buried lhat night. The negnJ :li(:d ..;c\-cral days later. .:\lany thing-s \\"Crc done in dwsc day,c; and Io: a long ti1ne ~tft-cnvards in the nanw of the Kn h:ll1x \\"(lich \\-otdc1 have been better lcfi undone, and \vith \\.d;.ich the ree-d organizlwd aPcl a few homi~.::idcs occurred, ncne ~Jf iho~;e vinlcnt measures to ;)totect ~;ocicty \\-ere <'.do1Ylc, and >VC managed to 1naintain fairly _;_;ood order i: the lown. lt is rather !cnwrkablc Lhat '--:-ith ~_so hotheaded :>tndents :ott the State L"ni,cr:;ity so little Lronbk occtttTcd. /\_Ibert Cox's C' shuwn that FricrsoE was not arnJcrL fio\\Tver, the conscnati~nt and goc)d sense of the citizens of "\thcns prcvcnicd any sc1;on:s collision ;:me: in the cotn-sc of<'- year or i\HJ they had complete control nf their O\Yn affairs. Cl-L\J"I'ER XLTL ln 1Rh7 some sales of r~~al estate gave p1omise or nwtc life to the tcn\'n. The home of the late )lr Asbur_y I-[ull was solei for $Sf,OOO, and -:\Ir. l~cnja1nin J-T 1-fill bought t:1e john T. Crant house i~ wa': said f01 $2o.ooc. 'f'he Cniversity sold tl1e 1iiangle be~wcen liroacl and (Jconec Street:;, \vllc1eo1-.. tile o1(: "ice ho1.1Sf:''" wa.<-~ situated, for $25'::-;. lt is nu\v covccccl Cy Billups Phinizy':;;; \\archcntsc <:md is \\'(xth many liDlCS that suJn. The populatio:tJ o:!: Athens accnrcling t:; a census taken in J.[ard~ 18G7, \va~~ 4,203, o whon1 J 50 were s"tt!dcnts. 'l'he taxable ::noperty rctn;ncd th"t yc";- amounted t>J $' ,00 7,000. Of this $2T2, roc '"a~-~ stock :n trade, $65,400 household f-Lirniturc, $22,700 horses, $I5,900 carriages ;lnc~ $721~8oo rC'aJ estate. The healthfulness of the town was never bettci. Ucawnstrated than in ' l l 329 the death-rate the folln\Ying year, \\hich accordto the report wa.s 20 \\hites an(l 47 blacks. fitst evidence of nmterial gTnwth after the \\at \\as thr_:: building: of Deupree ()pcra J louse. ::\Ir. Lewis J. Dcupn::e, a wealthy citizen of Lcx- iugton, purchased the ol<.l TlHJnlas place for S1o,ooo, and erected the three-stoc; building on the cnn1e1 \Yhich bears his natne, Captain Jobu \\'. nn1n1by supen.risiug- it and Ccurg-e J\lanes doing the work. 'r'hc stores in this bui.1cling \Yen' consicle1e(l the fllJesl a:H.l choict'st iu the town. They were in Lhc he3xi: (lf the business portioa. Soon aftcTwanb the rickety olcl betel of two generations b;:tck \Yhicl. once entertained a President of the l:-nited States, \Yhec. vac1tet;.J., generously contributed many shrubs and plants J.nd Julln ::\1 eekcr \Yas engaged to clo the '.Votlc. T-Ic did it \vdl. lIe plo-wed and crossed-plowed it, harnnved and rolled and dug- clown and filled in; he laid out the wailc~, planted the shrubbery and so\vccl ;:;rass. .:\fter he had fi!:isllcd it up son1c oi the boys \\ent to one of the drug stores boug-ht it.<- entire supply o turnip seed and so1ve sorrel. llay~not Decoration Day, which is a ~orthern appo-intn1ent~occured in 1\Jay r8GG and Cen. \~T. ld. Dro"'iYne delivered the oration. For forty years the day has been kept with varying degrees of inte1est, but without ornission. The nun1ber of Veterans who attend the senrices d:n1inish year by year, and vvith feebler steps and fonns rnore bent, the survivors n1arch to hear the defense of their cause and the eulogies of the Soutl1ern soldier. The cornet stone of thC 1110lttln1cnt was laid \vith itnpressive ceretnonies on I\fay 5th, 187r. i\ long procession of all the dignitaries of the city asse-mbling at the College Chapel marched around tc, the site and after an address by ~A..lbert L. 1\1itchcll Esq., a soldier \Vho had lost an ann at IZen- nesaw, the l\lasons concluded the exercises. The monu111ent was not built without ft-equent appeals and hard \vorlc. Suppers and sho\vs anJ concerts swelled the receipts from private con- tributions until finally the last dollar was paiJ. In 1870 the Athens Street Railroad \\as incorporated, with W. P. Dearing as builder and n1ana- 339 ger. The pritnary object of this railroad was to facilitate the transportation of freight from the Georgia railroad depot across the river-then the only port of entry. The drayage charges were a great burden to the n1erchants, and Gann & Reaves who owned the line of drays grew rich in. the business. The street cars \vhich were nothing tnore than flats pulled by tnules, delivered freight at the rnerchant's doors as far as College avenue. Eventual ly the drays underbid the railroad and the latter ell into Ucsueiudc and twenty years later the rails and crossties were rernovcd in or<.ler to give place to the in1provcm.cnt of the street. A bout. tbc san1e tin1e the old livery stables on I,un1pkin street which had been occupied by the Confederate governn~ent, were torn down and I 1C'placcd hy a cottage l)uilt l)y Janll"S P. Dorsey. t' The gro\ving 1ne1nbership of the J\1ethodists necessitated the buil<.ling of Oconee Street church and the rctircnJent of the seccders rmn the old charch was follo\ved by the purchase of an ele- gant new organ for that building. Mr. l''erdinand Phinizy wbo professed a perfect horror of rnusi- cal instrt1n1ents in churches, \Vithdrew his con- tributions to tbc :First Cburch ancl prmniscd a larger Slltn to the Oconee Street Church so long as tbcy had no organ. The location of the College of Agricnlture and 1 lvfechanic J-\rts at the Univer!"ity in 1\_thens in I ( I 340 1873 brought forth the gift of Moore College fron1 the city. Dr. R. D. Ivioore was the active spirit in this n1ovetnent and in recognition of his work the building was na111ed for him. Col. Charbonnier drew the plans and J\II. D. "lVIcGinty received the contract. The building of this College brought IvicGinty tc Athens. l-Ie can1e just in ti111e to tneet an increasing clet11and for builders. Mr . Crane had died son1e years before, Mr. Carlton had retired from business, the Witherspoons took no work, and there wasn't a man here to contract for a chicken coop. 1\1cGinty soon had his hands full and in a few years was worth $so,CXX). He built every house in Athens of any pretensions fron1 1874 to 18go. In that year the tin"le-honored custon1 of before breakfast recitations was abolished and the hastv morning toliet, the hurry and scurry to answer at n1orning pra:yers was henceforth but a n1enwry of the past, no doubt to the delight of both students ancl professors. It 1nay be doubted whether the early prayers ever found the students in a devotional fratne of 1nind. l\lany a boy had appeared in the chapel lwo minutes out of bed, sans socks, sans trousers, saus coat, his slippers and dressing gown alone saving him from the charge of indecency. The early morning recitation used to be a great trial to Professor Wash. l-Ie rarely gol out to 341 prayers and often the class would have to watt for his appearance in the recitation roon1. One morning the Freshmen finding hitn not in, all slipped off their shoes, intending to steal softly out and "cut" the recitation. Their unusual quiet aroused the suspicions of JVIr. VVash, whose roon1 was adjoining. l-Ie opened the door to find half the class tiptoeing down the hall, every _rnan with his shoes in his hands. "Corne back, gentletnen," said he quietly, "and put on your shoes. I will be in directly." It might have been imagination, but the lesson seen1ed unusually hard that morning and Mr. Wash unnecessarily exacting. The annual commencen1ent, which had been advanced to Jnly, was now restored to its old date in August. This action of the Doard, it was said, was due to the ladies of Athens. As one of the Trustees said, "it was a question of watern1elons." The hospitable housekeepers said they could get nothing to eat for their guests so early in July, and they insisted that cornmence1nent should be held when peaches and watern1clons were abundant. Several ineffectual atten1pts to reorganize the ~\..thens Guards had been made, but the old soldiers had had their fill of that sort of work, and it was not until the boys who were too youn~ for the war had grown up, that enough would enlist to conunission the company. For a few years under the successive commands of Captains Dal- 342 ton Mitchell, J. H. Rucker, C. G. Talmadge and John I lope J:full, the Guards tnaintaincd their organization and then yielding to the prevailing weariness with the military, disbanded. Indeed, without disparagetnent to the n1ilitary spirit, there has never been an occasion since the hottest period of reconstruction, when there was any necessity for a n1ilitary cotnpany in Athens, at least for local defense. At the tin1e of the H.ounttee killing the excitement among the negroes threatened trouble, but they were soon quieted without a collision. That the traditions of the old con1pany which once gaily kept step on the holiday parade and afterwards tratnped n1ile after 1nile to n1cet the shock of battle, will be kept alive by succeeding generations is assured by the later reorganization of the Guards and its reputation as one of the very best con1panies in the State Guard. It has been said Sententiously that young people will be young people. Observation has shown it to be true. Relieved of the exactions of the war the young people of Athens of whom the College boys are always an itnportant part, threw care to the winds and enjoyed thetnselves. They formed clubs and societies which were only excuses for bringing them together with their friends. There was a Chess Club and a Dran1atic Club, and a Shooting Club and a Musical Club. The last was quite popular and liv:ed through l \ 343 several years under 'the able Presidency of Miss Susie Hill, but abandoning music for gossip and "gab" it was finally left without a quorum and disbanded. The skating rink was an intsitution which gave much pleasure both to the skaters and the lookerson. Capt. I-[enry Bcnsse first inttodncerl it hen~. and night after night Depuree Hall was a scene of life and laughter; a festival of falls. It will interest the cyclists to know that the first bicycle which ever appeared in Athens was made in r869 by old Mr. Richard Schevenell and was ridden by Len Schevenell on Broad Street. It is not claimed that this primitive wheel was equal to a "Columbia," but for a rider with plenty of strength, plenty of tin1e and lots of paticence, it did pretty well. Mr. Schevenell was a very ingenious n1an. He was a cat-riage 1naker by trade, a Frenchrnan by bn-th and had served in the French army. During the war when he was not drilling the Mitchell Thunderbolts, he was inventing son1ething to relieve the necessities of the tin"Jes. His cotton cards, though rough, were quite a help to the won1en who had to do their own spinning and weaving. I-le was an avowed infidel, and with two other con"1panions formed a coterie which n1et to discuss '"forn Paine and refute the teachings of the Bible. Mr. Schevenelllived to a great age, being past ninety at his death. ~++ Base bail has become such a science that we -would be ccnstllcd f01 comparing it with the games we used to pl;Ly. !~nt there \\as lc)tS 111orc fun in the old ganlCS. J1cforc baseball was imported "t0'\\n-bal1" \Yas the popular game at school. .\ny nnmbc1 might play and t\n) leaders chose sides. .\ solid ruLbe1 ball ,,_.,,s uc.,cd and ~m) kind of bat to suit the taste. . \ n old cania.~c spoke was the favorite. but it \\as considered clisgTaccfnl to usc a lxoad paddle. The hatter migllt be cang-ht out in the field or behind "on tl1c fi1st bounce" but could only be put out by being hit with the ba11 when n1nning the bases. .\ good haitCJ would knuck the ball a long way but if it went nver the fence, everything must stop until -it was found ancl 1hro\n1 into the field. Foot-ball too \\"as different fron1 the Rngb_,, game. The baH could not he tonchcd with the hand at all and the game consisted in running and kicking. \\'hen the ball got into a fence corncr it became interesting:. 'r'hen eve1y fello-w let loose, kicking at 1arge unti.l the ball ca1nc outalong with several sore shins. The little fellows gcncrally stayed out of the scrinnnage leaving the big- boys to do the \York. "Babe" Crane \Yas a fc:unous foot-ball playeL .\ goocl runner, the best locker and full of cour-age ln a tight place, he was al\,ays the ilxst choice an1ong the boys. One in a gan1c on \iVashingtnn Street, back of Dr. Carlton's-it was called ~Tarket Stteet then and was r I I l r I ( l n I ( J ! 345 covered with Bcrrnuda grass~'"Dabc" Crane was tzking- the ball down to his goal when Seabrook Hull tried to intercept hin~, both kicking at the baH at once. Their legs collided and Dock's shin bone ~napped in t\\o. ! hhc Crane \\cnt to the anny in TR02 ancl was killed in the battle of Bentonville in 1865. !1ut this is a long way fr01n base-ball. Jt '':as after the \Yar that !~ill 1-1o ,-a, ely visit(cl now. ln fact. it is plob::th;~:: th.tl the \\aters have deteriorated. L'ntil the :-\onh Eastern l.(ailroad \\as complet- ed :-.rr. lZ. L. ::\foss was superintendent, but when Athens was fairly in cormnunication with t1JC rest of the world via the JlC\\- road, Jatl~c~; .\L Ecl\\ards ,,as elected SUJKTintcnclent, and a n1,e;hty good one he n1;:ule. J-Te really organized the busine-ss of the road and sho\\"cd the clear head and the p1ufessional training which 111ade hi1n 350 afterwards so successful in larger enterprises. W. H. Hodgson vvas the first conductor-good old Bill Hodgson, who was everybody's :friend, was brimful of energy, bubbling over with good humor and who died an untimely death. The city of Athens put $Ioo,ooo into th-~ capital stock of the North Eastern Railroad and afterwards gave it away to the Southern for nothing. The Southern in turn gave Bailey Thmnas the Tallulah Falls Railroad for getting it for them. But neither one of then~ had any n1.oney value at the tin1.e. The road was encun1.berecl by bonds endorsed by the State. The Southern didn't want it that way, so they allowed the interest to go by default. Then the Governor took charge and appointed Rufus K. Reaves manager until the road was sold, when \he- Southern bought it for the bonded 1ndcbtedn~ss. J'\Tothing brings about such changes in a town as a railroad. Not only the character and volume of bus1ness, but the phys1cal features of a railroad town undergo a complete change. Years ago --and no( so very Inany years ago e1ther--our railroad shyly refused to carne nearer than the top o 1he hill across the river. Then we had an extensive wagon trade with the up country. Cainesvillc, Clarkesville, Elberton, IIart 1nd Franklin Connties, and even Franklin, N. C. did 1hc bulk of their trade \Vi1h /\thens, and the- old schooner wagon 1vas a fan~iliar sight on the streets. 'I I ~ 351 The building of the North Eastern road converted a beautiful grove alive with birds and squirrels, where a lin1pid brook hurried along by mossy banks to the quiet river, into a bustling scene of activity, noi">y with the clatter of wagons, the whir of n1achinery and the passing- of trains. The Macon d.nd Covington tlten 111"t~~ded the sancitity of the City of the dead, raised an unsightly trestle over beautiful monurncnts, cut an enonnous gash through the hills an(l cc11ne into the very boson1 of the city. The Georgia Railroad 111ust needs cut down trees, :retnovc old land marks, blast away a hillside and run its trains across the public street. The Geor-gia Carolina & N orthcrn then \dth a whiff con1es in and goes out touching lightly on the edge of town, crosing the river on a high bridge and leaving behind a deep rock cut and a stnel1 of p<)wder. Along the line of these roads little towns sprang up, each absorbing the retail business of its neighborhood. Athens 1nerchants developed a wholesale trade which has largely exceeded all they had before. Railroad facilities brought in new citizens with a dernand oc houses ~1.nd lot~. Then history repeated itself ancl the handsmne old lots were cut up and sold off or built up with cottages. Old hmncs bave passer] frmn the hancls of the fm11ily. J\Tew neig~-1)ors with bay vvin(iows and little hoocls ancl towers anl.l gingcr-bteai work are crowding then~; fine old trees have been 352 cut down; the fan1iliar n1ud is gorre; the gentle cow no longer lies across the pedestrians way: there arc no secluded walks lC' ft for th~ .an10rous swain, no gates for him to lean npon as he lingers to say good-bye, and the glare of the arc light has robbed the evening stroll of all its sentin1ent. .\nd what is all this due to except the rushing competition of souless corporations? It is enough to 1nakc a socialist of a n1an of sent!Jncnt tn think of it Until the .:-\ortheastern tnad was built College .-\venue extended only to Strong Street. An enorrnnus gully began at .:\fr. 1'oon1cr's residence, crossed diagonally opposite the next square and en1ptied into J-fnlscy"s ponc1. It was wide enough and deep enongh to have swallowed a dozen cottages. It con1pared favorably with the Grand Canon of Colorado. Children played in it and the boys of the neighborhood dug caves in :its sides. \i\lith the c01npletion of the railroad the city bridged the chasn1 and opened the street, then by driving stakes across the gully and dun1ping in debris and trash it was gradually filled. Now College :-\venue is one of the prettiest streets in the city. CHAPTER XLVI. In 18?2 a young star macie tts appea1znc-~, t~lk ing its place in the editorial firntament at the head 'I \ 'i I 'I , 353 of the .1.Yorthcast GcorgJan. L..aTTJ Gan1t '\Vas not endowed with all the graces which make havoc in the hearts of wornen, but he n1ade up for it in the activity of his tnincl, and in his peculiar use of the I(ing's English. There -.,vas nothing hun1dnnn about the North East Georgian. Its eclitoTials were fresh as n1ountain dew and quite as inspiring. Its local colun1ns were gorgeous with cmnplitnents to favored subscribers and its itetns of news did not :;uffer for lack of embellishmcnt::s. 1n trulh Larr; and his father published a good paper. It sueceded the defunct 1\thens Banner, and revolutionized the newspaper business here. Prior to this the newspaper contained everything but news. The local iten1s if noticed at all "\Vere acco1npained by the state:11ent "we "\vere not present onrse1ves. but learn. etc." C)ne issue o[ the VVatchrnan said "the only itetn of local news that has occurred this week is tbe taking of a rr1ule by a young gentleman who was under the impression that it was his O"\vn." That faithful chronicler of the annals of the neighborhood had no regard for the future historian searching for conten1poraneous records. Gantl's pal>Cf was different. The editor looked for llC'-VS and if he didn't find it he 111ade it. I-Iis first jubilation was over the election to the legislature of Dr. H. H. Carlton. For six years under the reconstruction acts Clarke county had no white n1an to represent 354 her; but in 1872 the power of the colored voter \'as broken and thenceforth his ballot was \VOrth <'nly what it would bring in the n1arket. The last Agricultural Fair, the expiring effort of the old county association, was held on the old fair grounds in October, 1872. It was a creditable exhibition and not the least interesting feature was a cooking rnatch between two sets of girls, the prize for which, a stove, was won by .\fiss lkssic J.(utherfonl. lt is a Jnisfortunc that the County fair is a thing of the past. It might be a source of power to the farmer if he would but usc it aright. Sundry attempts have been tnade to reorganize the fair but none have succeeded. The ) ear closed \\ ith a sc!Jsation in the shape of a duel bet\YCCn Tin11y F~.nckcr and Bob ] ,ampkin, who were dissuaded fran~ their bloody purpo:-;c;-; al Sand ! ~ar Fe t-ry hy tlw nsnal intcrventiun of peacemakers and were restored to their homes n1inus the fare to Augusta and return. The prospect of the North Eastern Railroad gave an in~pulse to real estate. The old Grady house which brought a year before $2,500 was sold for $3,250, the little house long ago known as '' f-I an sci's" where ~1 ichael's building now stands, and not long before sold for $I,500, now brought $3,500. 11-Ir. L. C. Matthews bid off the Adams lot on I-Iancock avenue half the square between Hull and Pulaski for $3,000 The old I I I I l I 355 Clayton lot, al::o.o halL the square brought ss,;ou at public sale. The Bank of the University was organized in 1873, Athens received 22,000 bales of cotton and business was flourishing. Our merchants drew frm11 a large territory bounded lJy the 1\c:dnl. in better 3hape than he found her. Perhaps the hardest rain ever known in this section fell in February, 1873 It began raining at () o'clock Saturday rnorning and rained without cessation till noon on Snnclay. Four and onehalf inches fell dnring that lime, and yet but little da1nage \vas done. By the death (Jf Long Goo(ly Stnith, in 1873, a striking- and fan1iliar figlll-e, was ren1ovecl fl-om our tnidsL \' ery tall and very thin and very lazy, Goody tnade a slcnclet- support by fishing, butchering and by' setting out young shade trees, none of which required any 1nore energy tl1an his gothic architcture coul(l sustain. Long Goody recalls son1e othe1- tnembeL:; of the Stnith family in tin1es gone by vvho illustrat- 1 J I \ I \ 357 ed the history of Clarke County. .-\t one titno...: tl.ere were seven John Stniths, all voters. To dtstinguish thcn1 they were known as Rcdhe~1l John, Roundhead John, Long John, Unearn1 John, Saddler John, Fiddler John and Singlefoot John. By these natnes they '\Vcrc called by the sheriff and enrolled on the voters list. There was also !Jox Ancle Sn1ith, whose nan1e was n~t John. "Befo' de war" ready-rnadc shoes were ahnost unknown. V./ orncn and children wore shot:>s. but gentlen1en wore boots and it was a boys highest ambition to have a pair of boots. For dances and such occasions "putnps" were worn. P.t;t whether shoes or slippers or boots all wer.~ n1c111c by the shoetnaker by n1easnre. There were three well known shoe1nakers in i\_thens, \Nillian1 Stark, Pattick Barry and Charley I-fughes. \.Villiam Stdrk had the 1nisfortune tc' have his leg broken by a falling house in CohJmbus necessjtating its an1putation. J-Ie went an crutches ever afte1wards. 1--Ic "vas an active exhorter in the ~T ethodist chur::::h and 1nade a fervent prayer, the -..vhich in no \Vay inte1ferecl with his being an artist in m_aking boots which fit every undulation of the foot and never rubbed the heels. l-Ie was a kindly n::an and has cut tne n1anv a leather top string for nothing. Ivir. Stark \Vas the grandfather of F. f-l. Kroner. of Winterville. 358 l)atrick J~arry was an frishn1an p11n2 ancl S:tll1- pk \\ill1 all l1is big ~Jcart aud bn)gt!c. ~\L 01tC t\111c be '.\a;:, not unminrllttl of lhe cxhili;uating ci.ect of whi~key and LlH:rc: wc:e occasion~ \\hen :i~ \\'ClT bct'Lcr i [ Lc: ilcuJ lcL -it: al()nc. lJ,lL nc\-cl"Lilc- l<.s.s he: wa.'i a ;;:;ood ~lwunal..::c:i aul nJan_,. a col le-ge Loy in that day emU Lime: hougltL his boots and O\',TI) hin1 lll )llC_\'. LI c pco:~p<.xcd in busi- tuoL iu Ch;:~rlcy llughcs a J_;ar-Lnci and IL\1_,;,;{\" & 1ll:CJfL~;~ llUOTS .\\:D Sl JUJ~S v. ;:t" :t fan1i.liac legend 1m the cnnwr !Jclu''- the -:-::n:i(!!l;:d ];~tllk. Capt );;:LIT_;:-! (Lou"t KlH~\1 \dtcre he g.)t his titlc---:i\cd to a guod o1cl age a .fau1ilia1 ~~-urc on the streets and died lc~:l\in~; a good propcn._;' to hi::; Iatnily. Clwrley 1-J ughes poc)r fellow, lJcc:::une tuo fond oi the n1p whi<..'h inch1iatcs and d, CS nuL ahYa)":'i chccL I lc lost llis pa;.-tncrship, then lli~.:; pat 1on- -:.1.gc and pas .sed f1 om the sighi o[ n1en having- dc_,nc nd l1an11 to anybody lJnt hi111se1f anc: his c1TilcJn:'ll. Still another S(Jn of St. Cri:,pin \Yas PcLcr ""\YeiL a good nci.tnrcd Schlc;:;bnrg-1:-Jolstcincr, who enlisted in th~ Bigldand Cnards and fought. to the fini:-;11. \Vhy thLs Tcuton "\vho could _ha:dly ::::peak English should h;:ne left his Lunily and ,-nluuteerc:d in out fight with nothing but hard- ship and hunger for pay, docs not appear. lle nmst have loved a fight for he threw up a fur- I L ._[, I I :159 loug-h onec and \'.-cnt back t,) his ccJJnpany un the eve of a battle. ~\nd ycl Peter \Veil was as mild a n1annered 111an in time of l;cacc as one -,-,ould tncct in a clays journey. \[Lcr llw w~~l- .:\lr. \Veil wa': in'.Ti!.:;Jc.cl it)10 Lrrn1n.~~-- l~11t tronh1c canw upnn hi.n1 <'lncl he n:.turncd to Lis li.rst lenT. an ll 1 l1,:;t~aLJnn ni the adage ''nc ~;utor 1..11tra cn_:pidam." ijnL tltc ti1nc had come 1-:hcn the i'lcchanic cli~:: placcd the C(lhLlcr anc1 ()tJwliL's (;CCL1lJ.ctnry \\lii.:h supplied shoe;; to ,;:,lJorcis. i1nt clid not nnclcrial<;:c tc m~~kc the daic1t;r slir:.pt:-t fot ilJc COJJll11C'11CCll1C11t q;irl. 'T1H'1l :_he nbi(~l1iL>ll' Y0.nkce \Y;ih his nnivec..:;al \Yarcs beg-an shipping i11 his sh(_cs whlch looked so 1nuc;1 hctt<--r than our ho!llC 1nadc ones .-md in 1;1ct \YCTC chcape1tLai one 111on~ Snntllcrn indnstrv ',\-as rnined. The n-lgin ')[the J.nc_, Cobb fnsrltutc i1a; ~d n~ady Let.'IJ _.:,!Yen in Uwsc pa~:c~. 1m'.: ;; \\-a~ tl-:t: t~ntirin.'-~ cncq.;y ,Jf 'L'hcnnas I-!.. lZ. Cc1bb >Y:1irh made lh;' UJnccptio1 :111 ;v_-coinp1ishcd fact. 1 fe \.-'1LSpicliOLl:-i \\ith their b1i~::-ht unifon11s. Fairic-; singing in the dist:n:cc c,;~nc upon the ~ccne. :\ellic: Uan ,1,,-, Sailic f-I amilton, Vallie I .(-.1Jg-, Callie Cobb ancl . \nnie \\-hiic. lead b;.. their Unccn. Ticllc l-L1ITi.c:;, all drc~scd in dia- 1al'le.'ton. i1ittiug- ;ig:ht1~- i_l) and fro lii~ :--.,-'.inpl!s anc1 :-\:tiads. Cla!-~t 1:anow. :-:,all:- C;i)b. ; .izzic Scur1dc1-. T1atti~ CLt11'..c:, ;md l ,iDcic 1 ItHl~-;: ;;, c.:nwr:~-c f1d:11 lc:-tf: hiding pbce:- lullu\\ cd by Diana and hlT lHmlxc:;sc~. tn-\Yit: ],_ate l! ;;unnlmlCl, 1.uc:,- ThouFv..;, !~t:'--. LLliTcJ\\ ~md Jnlia Cadton, \\ith btnY;:, and qniYlT:> Lull of ::1..1'1'<1\\'S, in cnslwr~c:; 1'11'' ycnlanc: of \Yhich \\'(luld ha,e saiic,ficd ~~L Pa~1ick himself. Til r:uick SltCccssion ':nine E11111n. Sin-:psr!l1 ;-,o; \'cnu.:; \\ it!J :--;cttie L01nban..l as Cupid, and the ~)va ~on.-..,, Pine\ '1'h\)lllas. l~ellc T-1:udcn1an. ~\far Li;tion a11d Jnlia ::\fo,;o-;, ,,-i-.._1-: F;::nnie ! !ar~is a.; llopc, SlJcp~1cnlcs.scs and fris :mel Cere-:, and all the :Zdddcss<::s _\'C)U c\l:r hcani ()f. \\.i[lJ a nnd \\hid of song: and dance con1e next the Cip,~ics, led hy ::\lag;g-ic \\rl-:il.e. thci,- Qnccn. among thc;n .:\Jary T1ami1iul1 and r.ucy \-incern. \ \Y;ly being c]c;lrcd 11~- the (~uards forth conw Flora in the person of _'-da Tnn,Ji11. \Yith .\nna .'dc\\-hn1tcr. ~\fary Long, :.Jar_\ \nn .\lcClcskc_\-, Su~ic Hill, ~\fary .\nn Hutherforcl and Lucv ( :crdinc scatterjng flcnYcrs in the JXitll\Y;ty \Yith :-;, ngs and dancing. _\nd then the lovely Queen ~~f ::\fay, Sel-ena Cox. supported hy her maid:-- r I f ~ I I ? I I I r~ 363 lton;l,-, S_allic Chase, ?dar_Jr La1na1 and l:\Tciti":! \'inccnL entered, \dth J .. o11ic TIu11, a clin1inu tin P~l:2.-c in blnc and sil\Tl-. :_Jr)lding her tn1in, :HHl a;:;t cnclccl the throne. () [ e:Jnrsc this prog;-;UJ1!llC inc1uclccl the SJCC'..._lJc;:: 11SP;-t} ln -atch OCCi:LSi 1 )11S. \ftcr the c1C3 ing: ccrcnH>nic~.; the Cu11c;g:c hnys l1acl their i1> I!i~H::,s. tl:c ~.;cntimcnt of t1:c tin1c:-; being t0 en cnura~-c ~lll assc'("i. J. A. l\.Iun- day W an evangelist who began a sedes of mecti11g:>, his exhortations consisting chief1y of hi:o own history before his t-efon11ation. Interest in the services grew until no .:::hut-ell could hold the Cl"OV/Cl and they vvere moved to Deupree ITali. :\11 the chnrches nnitccl in the revivaL Ilnnclreds of people were influenced and many joined the chnrches. ~Tunday decided to .stud_y for the n1ini~try and went to a iheological seminary. f-Ie subs('quenily marr-ied an attractive youllg lady of this place and died a .few _years aienvards. A critic so disposed rnight bring a severe in- J67 pt the palate with sweetmeats. J\ rr. Flisch 's t:augh- Ler, ~I iss Julia, is the only \VOlllan on whon1 the l'nivcrsil_y of Georgia has conferred a degree. A sacl occurrence happened in 1877 LaFayette I\faupin "\vas a young 1nan "\vho had saved 0. little money and invested it in a stock of goods in a wooden store on the corner of 'Thomas and Clayton Streets. Tie had been 1narried a few months to a preity young girl barely r6 years of age, when one August night his store caught fire and burned dov..,n. Two days later l\.'Iaupin >valked down to the Mineral Spring, turned off into a thicket of pines behind Dr. Lyndon's house, laill down and shot himself through the head. The gjrl was distracted with grief and soon aftervvards the fatnily n"loved away, I know not >vhere. 378 CHAPTER L. Clarke County since Oconee was cut off frotn il has never had a hanging. Some years ago a negro was found guilty of the murder of I-Ienry Hunter and was sentenced to be hung, bu: through the efforts of Rev. J. L. Stevens the sen- tence was cotnn1uted to llfe in1prisonment. Hut long- ago there was a peculiar case in which 'I'hon1as Vvr ells was convicted of the murder of Peter Perry by evidence furnished by the nlurdercd n1an after his death. It was in 1820 that Wells, who had a handsome wife, grew insanely jealous of Perry, sought rl_ difficulty with him and challenged him to a duel. T'erry cleclat-ed his innocence of any Improper conduct and his belief in the virtue of the lady aecl refused to fight. Somctirne afterwards Perry was found one morning in his garden dead from a shotgun wound. No one had seen the difficulty and the tuurder was a mystery. On opening the '''ill of the murdered n1an it stated that he expected every day to be assassinated by Thoma5 VVells, who hated hirn without cause and he enjoined his friends, whose nalTJ.es were there recorded, ML Thomas I-Tancock being one of then1, t,) prosecute Wells for his mut-der. Wells' manner on being an-ested, the papet- wadding found by the body, and his recently discharged shotgun \Vere all put in evidence at the trial. He was in- I I I 379 dieted and was tried for tnurder before Judge \'lavton. The challenge sent Perry and threats wade by the accused were proven and the accusation of the dead n1an \\as sustained. Wells was convicted of nTLlrder and was hung in Watk~nsville. Both of these 1nen lived in Clarke Cot1nty and "\Vere prosperous and well-to-do, owning- both land and negroes. The Collegiate Institute, aJias the University 1-Iigh School, alias Rock College, was built it1. 1859 and "\Vas designed for the Freshtnan and Soph01nore classes of the University. lt was soon seen that the Fresh and Sophs wonldn't go there-they said they would stay at home soonc:-and the plan was changed so as to tnake it a preparatory department of the LJniversity. The school was opened the first year of the 'var under Mr. Bcnjan1in R. Carroll, of Charleston, with ~1r. L. H. Charbonnier as hls assistant. 1\1 r. Carroll was a cetpable principal of great dignlty and with a deliberateness of speech that took no note of the flight of tin1e. IVIany sons of refugees and others fr01n Charleston, Savannah and _Augusta, as well as the 1najority of the boys in town, were sent there to be put under the admirable control of these gentlernen. The boys w~re forn1ed into cmnpanies and instructed in 111illtary tactics by Captain Charbonnier, himself a French soldier and a graduate of St. Cyr. \Vhcn the act of Congress was passed requiring 380 the enrollrnent of yuuths bet\veen the ages of I 7 ....t.nd r8, the Secl-etary of War detailed these high school boys for local defense. _After the war Prof. B. T. Bunter and l\1r. W. VV. Lum_pkin conducted a prosperous school on the pren1iscs and rnany of their scholars were maimed soldie1s, sorne of the1n yet in life arnong the influential rnen of ti1c State. J\1r. Lurnpkin was a teacher "non fit sed nascitur." l-Ie had ihe gift of itnparting knowledge and rnade the subject attractive to the student. .l-Ie had a wonderful nay with boys \\Tith the little fellows he had more myst~rious confidences and secret negotiations than one n1an could well take care of. lie kept then1 alway.:> interested in their vvor-k and when he announced that he 'vonld tell stories or the hig rock next Saturday half the school would be on ha11d to hear hin1. He was an ideal Sunday school superintendent and it ,,vas a public luss when Mr. Lntnpkin tnoved to Atlanta, where he found a broader field and rnore relnunerativccOinpensation for his work. To recur to Rock College, it 'vas in after years turned over to the School of Agriculture and became known as the University Farm. A great deal of fun has been poked at this fann and smne well deserved criticisn1s have been passed. npon it frmn titne to titTle, but it was the best whici1 could be done under the circun1stances. In r892 the Trustees set apart this propert:, \ I l 3Rl to the use of a Nonnal School, and after persistent efforts the Legislature established the State Nonnal School as a branch colleg-e of the L'niversity. It v-:as supported in its infancy by the Trustees and by private contributions Irmn the citizens. Capt. S. D. Brad\vcll was its first !'resident and tnadc <'~ capital President, too, even iJ" he did stick the dorn1itory cn(hvisc to the front: street. He worked assiduously tu popnlarize the school and first solved the problen1 of chea~) board, which has really put the school in re-ach of so n1any young people in the State. The Nonnal School is now finnly established. Every year it is cro"\vded to jts utn1ost capacit~v, and although four larg.e buildings have been added to the old ones, the deman-d for 1T1ore romn continues. In 1841 tbis entire property "in the fc1rk of the road" was woodland ancl was offered for sale by William Brown. CHAPTER LI. No sketch of Athens could afford to omit Inention of the Hotne School kept by those excellent ladies, J\.Iadan1e and ~1iss Callie Sosno\vski. The Sosnowskis were in Colutnbia when Sherman burned the city and, of course, their school there was utterly broken up. They can1e to Athens and took charge of the Lucy Cobb Institute. After the death of J'virs. Schaller, Madatne's eldest ~' ' 382 daughter, they opened the I-ion1e Schocl in Nirs. Baxter's old hon1e. I-1 ere n;any daughters of Ceorgia \vere educated and the ad111irers of the H mne School girls and of the Lucy Cobb girLs never could agree as to which lvere the prettier. J\1adan1 Sosnowski v-.ras a Pole and she vvas a princess in grace and r:ourtcsy of 1nanncr. She vvas highly educated, a brilliant nn1sic.ian and of very distinguished appearance. It was an education to a g-irl to be a~~sociated \vith the IVfadanK and lVTiss Callie. The l ;axtcr place proved too sn1all for th~ scbool and it \vas ren1ovccl to the old horne of Judge Ltunpkin, \vhich was an ideal place for it. -Icrc the Hmne School flourished until the failing health and death of I\Iadatne brought it to a final close. A gentlernan of ihe old school-not of the F-lorne Sc:lwol-was Aibin P. Dearing. Reared i11 wealth, he lived in affluence, in the enjoyn1ent of an elegant horne, fine ho:ses, blooded cattle and the things which wealth sttppiies. In busi- a ness l\Ir. Dearing was a banker, but i1e was too liberal a 111an to drive sharp bargain, teo generous to press a cr;,;diLor, and he made no great money at that. I-Ie had a high sense of honor and the rnan \.vho once deviated f1om his ide;:J l never regained a place in his esteern. For that reason he was believed to have prejudices against smne n1cn. Perhaps he did. J: ie was courteous tc all and whatever others rnight do, 1\!Ir. Dear- r r 383 lng never forgot that he hin1sclf vvas a gentleman. J\'lr. Dearing had a very i1orid face, though an extrctncly 1c711pc1a1e n1an, and very white hair 1 hnt thc1e was none of the infin11ity of age about him. 11is step \vas finn and his m.ovcn1cnts quick and up to his last illness he never felt- that- old age 1vas creeping upon hitn unawares. f-Ie was fctallyc stricken \Vi.ih paral_ysis one n1orning in 1-:is huggy -.vhilc on his way clo1vn town. _.\n institution of \\hiclr .:\ibcns is justly pcoud ancl which is unir1nc in .its class is the Southo-n .\lutual Insurance Compan~- This company vvas organi7cd lu Criffin b:'- a :\fr. !-)arsons, but alnl0:'->1 imn1cdiatclyc located in .\1hcns. '\shnry Hull \\as its first president and continued so nntil his death. I Ls fi.rsi serious loss can1c nea1 swatnping the Cmnpany and had L11c president 110t advancecl the n1oney io pay ii. il1e Southern l\Intual wonlcl be ioday hnt a memory of ihe past. In I 883 n1ore than a 1nillion dollars of asscits Lad been accun1nlatc<.l "'hen a bi11 was filed bv sornc of the stockholdc1s, so called. io compel the Djrcciors io clj vide the excess oYer lis legal reserve. Aftt>r considerable lltlg-aiion a decree \Ya,c rt'nclercd under \VlJich something over $200,000 was disilibuiccl among- a11 the policy-holders past and present, where they could be found. The attorneys for the policy-holders, TJ enr~" Jackson, 384 H. H. Carlton, E. K. Lumpkin and]. H. Lumpkin, got fees of $Is,ooo each. The return premhtn1s paid by this Cornpan:,' give its policy--holders the cheapest insurance in the world. The relation of a physician to his patient is of succh a nature that he is regarded n1ore as ~ n1ember of the fan1ily than even as a friend. Doctors R. ~1. Smjth and Joseph B. Carlton were conten1poraries in the practice of medicine anrl. eeach had a devoted clientelle. Dr. Sn1ith was short in statute and a great sufferer from. asthnm. l-Ie was Intendant before i-\thens ever haJ a :?viayor, and a Tvfason of the Thirty-Thinl De gree, -....vhatever that may be. I-Iis horne \Yas on the Opera I-fouse square, but he died in Gainesville, while on a visit to relatives. Dr. Carlton on the contrary was a large 1nan with a splendid physique, which he in1paired b~r exposure, dying in the prime of life. I-fe too. left his practice to serve awhile in public fife. Both vvere for a tin1e surgeons in the arn1y, T)r. Sm.ith of the 16th Georgia, and Dr. Carlton of Tom-nbs' Regiment. Nearly sixty years ago there ca1ne to Athens a young Irishman with his wife, n10ving into a little house on the corner of the Catholic Church lot. Nir. Cobb, who was their landlord, befriended them and set them up in business as the successors of A. Brydie in a low wooden store- I l I 385 where the I\.iicDowell building stands on College avenue. 'l'his jolly good natured Irishn'VOre, and Otlght to have been preserved in a glass case. G. Jacobs was the father of Joseph Jacobs, the Atlanta pbarm.acist, who was born and raised in Athens. VVhile the Jews of old were a warlike people their n1odern descendants are not inclined to war. But Caspar :r...forris was one Israelite who vol- 387 untcerccl and sc1vccl as a private in the 16th Georgia fot fotlr years, taking his share of danger and pdvation vvith i11e rest of tben1. Caspar settled do-wn to business in ..r\_ihcns after the war and when he died left a good estate. Arnong i11e celebrities Athens once clain1cd a rope-walker. ~A.._. l-1. J ennings, whose 1opc namt: v;as Professor I-Ialwick, landed he1e on one of his tours and hkecl the place so \Yell that he slayeci. I should rather say that he liked l\~!iss Ella Bucssc so nn1ch that l1e rnarried her and she stayed. I-Ialwick '-vas a popular fellow and ~ good pcrfonner on tbc tight rope. Jic once stretched his rope across Broad street bclo\v the Kational Bank and rolled a wheelbarrow across on iL In the wheelbarrow was a s1nall cooklngstove with a fire in it, an<-1 I-Ialwick cooked batter cakes whlle the crowd waited. i\t anothertin1e he l-olled another rnan across in the wheelbarrow. The rnan never had any sense afterwards. But I1a1wick's star perfonnancc was \valking a rope across the Grand ChastTL at Tallulah Falls for a purse of $500. l-Ie gave exhibl:"6m1s in different to-.,vns in the state and in on~ oi thern fell fron1 the rope and broke his leg. That was the end of the 1-ope-\valkcr, but not of I-Ialwick, who Jived here smne years afterwards, was elected to an office of so111i:! kind-possibly Coroner-and eventually 1noved to Brunswick, where he now lives. 388 CHAPTER LII. The old street railroad which has been referred to, was never designed to carry passengers, but in 1885 a 1-1r. Snodgrass, from Texas, came to Athens and proposed to build and equip a road for passenger service. Snodgrass rnade a business oi building street railroads in towns where there were none. I-Iis plan was to get subscriptions to the stock fron1 the citizens, as n1uch as he could, then put a mortgage on the road, is~ue bonds as nmch as it would stanrl, and get ci'-'zens to buy the bonds as rnuch as they would, both as a preferred security and to help a public enterprise. For his profits he took all the cash over and above what the road cost. Snodg-rass got all the encouragement he wanted in Athens. The Council gave him an an1ple franchise and his bonds were all taken. IIl<> b-ack, laid on top of the grounnd, was of the lightest iron that is made. He had three cars, 1'Lucy Cobb,'' "Pocahontas" and "No.2." ()ne oi then1 is in ?\Jr. Flanigen"s yard 110\V, used for a chilrlren"s playhouse. The n1otive power was Texas n1ules of the n:10st diminutive variety. These little n1ules v. rere shipped in car load lots and were as wild as rabbits and n1uch n1ore active. They hcid to be broken in, ancr during this process the schedule was smashed into fragnlents and the passenger never knew where to i I ( I 389 find the mule. If they had rope enough they were as likely to be behind the car as in front, or for that n1atter, inside. Those poor little tnules had a hard tin1e of it. In wet weather they wore holes between the crossties knee deep, and iu front of Dr. I-Junnicutt's, which was then a quagn1irc ln winter, they learned to walk the track. The active superintendent of the road vvas a negro named Satn, who was driver and factotum, although J. H. Dorsey held the office. VVhcn Snodgrass had realized his profit he went to other fields and our little road went into receiver's hands to be wound up. The assets and franchise were sold to E. G. I-larris, who was assisted by J. T. Voss, and backed by Dr. Hunni- cutt. This cmnpany converted the road into an eleCtric line, The Athens Park tnd Itnproventent Cotnpany, which had bought a large tract of land as far out as the Seaboard road, made a contract with the street railway people, by which the Boulevard was opened front Barber street and the railway projected through it. But both cmnpanics had bitten off tnore than they could easily n1asticatc, and the inevitable Receiver again stepped in and took charge of eadt o thetn. There was a lot of money lost in these two enterprises ; not less than a hnndred thousand dollars first and last. The street railroad was finally bought by VV. 390 S. llolinan, [\_, 1>. Dearing, \\'. T. J]ryan and j. ':i. Caritber.s. 'l'hcse gentlernen imrnediately bought aud UeYcluped the water po\Yer at ~\1 itchell's bridge anU alxuHlonc.:d the expcnsive ::otcan1 plant \Yhich baU l unushcd the pu\\ lT. 'l'hc .L\thcns Electric !{arlway is no\v one of the finest properties in the ,South. ll not only vperatcs the cars, but lights the city sueets and i urnishes curTent lor ligll Ling houses and fur rnoturs throughout th~: city. The lllanagcr, .2\lL C. D. 1~ lanigen, iurnishes a service \Vhich is not surpasseU in any other city. \\hen the \var began there vvere ilnee cotton lllills in anJ. about .L\tbcns oi lirnited capacity, and by no rncans in iirst-class conUiLion. 'l'he Ceorgia l \ 391 owned it. It "\vas reorganized and renovated, and finally sold uncle1 the han1n1cr. Athens Factory n1ade n1oney hand over fist. For thirty years it paid an average of 13 per cent dividends and its stock sold 0.s hig-h as l(l5. \i\fhen jt bccan1c saddled vyith a debt of $7o,ooo. for 1noney borrowed to develop narnett Shoals1 iL began to stagger under the loacl, ancl \VhC!l the Shoals property \Vas sold ancl nothing paid on this debt, the end was not :-tr to see. By this unfortnnatc corn plication 3-nd Lhc -1:-tilurc Jf the Athens Ivfannfactur.ing Con1pany, not less than $2oo.ooo was lost to its creditrJrs and stockholders. L\ f r. Bloomfield. its p1esidcnt, had large vlews for the Athens Factory. l-Ie bought tlv~ old Confederate arn1ory, which he co~Jverted into a cotton n erect a g-reat electric plant to furnish current to the city for lighting and n1anufacturinr;. His financicring- was at fault, his plans .fell through, and another cotTtpany is now doing just what he coutentplated hventy years ago. Five 1ncn in Atbcns in later years have been pr01ninent in public spirit, John -\V. Nicholson, R. L. Blocllnfielcl, ]. /\. T-Iunnicutt. R. K.. R~avcs and J. I-1. Rud;:er. 1-\o cntt:rpri.sc was ever ir.aug- uratcd to promote the inteccsts of the city which did not receive their ~upport and -financial aid. 392 H there vvas a sale of real estate they were there tc bid and help on the sale. If there was a sub~ scription to be taken up their nan1cs were ahvays counted on. lf a fellow citizen needed aid and deserved it, their credit and their n1oney was extended to hitn. It so happened that reverses in business can1e to each of thern and their losses thotlgh not so kecnl:v felt, was also a blow to the conunutlit:v. _As a n1an passes out frotn the .sphcte of business he is no longer regarded as a factor in th~ acti vitics of life, but the local historian cannot pern1it these rnen to be forgotten for what they have done for Athens. Two citizens of Athens, always warn1 personal frjencls, enjoyed the deserved reputation of beingher best financiers. These were Ferdinand Phinizy and Young L. G. :Harris. Mr. Phinizy had the inborn facnlt:v of seeing the end of a business proposition. His judgement was alnwst unerring. Given the facts anri the outlook, his solution was algebraic in its certainty. In the course of a long business career he dealt with large schemes and his adviet; was often sought by others. l-Ie accumulateU a large estate, appraised at his death at thirteen hundred thousand dollars, \vith not a taint upon a penny of it. VVith all his gathering he was a liberal 1nan, giving to the support of churches, subscribing to public enterprises, charitable to I )I 393 the poor. Mr. Phinizy liked to have a hand in things. Though not a 1ncn1bcr of the church nnti! a short time before his death, he interested him_- self in the business of the J\1ethodist church, in the appointlnent of preachers, and strenuously cpposcd the purchase of an organ. :He controlled the Southern Mutual Insurance Company, of which he was a director, and the Northeastern Rail road as long as he \\as connected with it. Hut while :i\1r. Phinizy was a dominating ntan he I was not a dom.inccring man. 1-Ie was affable and genial, an agreeable companion and a valuabl"=." citizen. Judge. I-Tarris-he had been a lawyer and was I once a jndge of the Inferior Court-m_anicd a fortune and added to it. He had no children and he and his wife, a tnnst excellent wmnan, l I I Jived rather secluded lives. Doth were devoted Methodists. If Judge Harris loved anything besides his wife it \Vas the J\{ethodist Church. T-Ic sustained it in life and it \Vas his leg-atee after death. He gave nutch to charity and his hand was ever open to the needy. Anrl yet Judge Harris didn't like to be troubled or to take trouble. It was easier for hin~ to contribute money and Jet somebody else take the trouble. He was an impatient rnan and showed it quickly. Thoug!-1 he had a large family connection, and nieces and nephews, he seemed to care little for then1. I-!e was extremely polite, and when on the street 394 raised his hat to everyone who1n he tnet, .;;nme-tin1cs even forgetting to draw the color line. 'I'hc J uclgc T\vas a rnan of fine business judg- tnent, controlled by conservatistn, and tnanaged the interests of the Southern J\1utual Insntance C01npany, of \Vhich he was president, with prudence and success. It is problClnatical "\vhethc1 he \vould have had as tnany friends if he had not had so much n1oney. Dr. John S. l-inton was one of the builde1s of Athens. lie graduated in rnedicine but soon abandoned the practice for the tnore active affairs of life. I-Te built the first paper tnill in Georgia, and first organized and operated the Athens Foundry. He was one of thG 01ganizcTs of the State Fair and of the Clarke Connty Fair. He enlarged and n1anaged the Athens Factory, took contracts to build railroads, and at the satne tirne owned large plantations and several hundred negroes. 1-Jis negroes, worth $Ioo,ooo, Vi.rere freed by the war. Wilson's Raiders destroyed $20,000 worth of his cotton. After the war he endorsed the paper of a friend who failed, and lands and propc:rty went to pay $6o,ooo to 1--:is creditors. But though practically ruined, Dr. I _,inton never lost his nerve nor could one have known fron1 his manner that he had lost a dollar. Dr. Linton was itnpatient and often it-ritable, \ t i { rl ~ T I " \ f ~? I ~ I 395 but a n1ore generous tnan never lived. l-Ie was after the "var an enthusiastic farn1er and "vhile he sold coiton and corn and cattle, when it carne tc butter or fruit or turkeys he would give then1 to his friends, but would never sell thcrn. !-Ic lcokcd upon that as a sn1all business. J nst after the surrender a. negro girl was itn- pertincnt to J\'[rs. Linton, and the doctor whipped her for it. I-Iicing to the Frccdrnan's Bureau the girl lodged her con1plaint and Dr. Linton was sntnn1oned before lVIajor J(nox. l(nox stated the case and asked the offender if he had anything to say. "Yes. She "vas irnpertincnt and I whipped her." '"VVcll," said Knox, "I'll have tP fine yon t\vcnty dollars." Pnlling out the n~oncy Dr. Linton thre"\v it to the "Bureau" and said, "'She is rny nigger and I'll whip her when 1 please." Dr. Linton lived to a good old agepast eighty-three in fact-but when he wa<> eighty years old he wcnld walk all over his farm and into tovvn and back. I--Iis charities wete without nun1ber and his generosity li1nited only b) his rneans. ,\thens owes n1.orc to no tnan than tc John S. Linton. CHAPTER LIIT. The agitation for pubilc schools first began in 1879 ?\aturally it gave rise to tnnch discussion and arguments pro and con. The conserva- 396 6ves opposed it. They had never been to a public school, they had been well educated without it, \ \ i and the pn~vate school was good enough o1 thetn and their children. Besides public schools n1eant t an increase in taxes, and mmeover the public school \Vas a ~f assachusetts invention and we \vere Yankeeized fast enough anyhow. The mnoTP,,ive elen1ent favored it. \Vhat the ccuntry needed was ecl11cation, systeJnatic education; it was or the public good and the public \ should pay or it. Look at Germany, how she walloped F1ancc. Cern1any had pnblic schools, F1ance didn't. All g;ro\ving cities had public schools. .\thew;; was a growing city, therefot-c, (] F. D. . \ public 111eeting was called in June at whicl1 the subject was thrashed out. A com- n .iitee had been appointed to bring in a reporL of v..:llich Ho'\vell Cobb, Esq., \Vas chairman. }-[is report was a n1anrelous con1position. It f:.cvored both schools and no schools. It enlpha- sized unin1portant details and lightly touched up- on the (jUestion at issue. The report was satis- factory to both sides and was adopted, and as the hour was late the 1neeting adjourned to an- other day-and nothing carne of it. The tin'le was not ripe for public schools and Judge Cobb knew it. Subsequently however, in 1885 the people by a majority of 6o3 voted an issue of bonds for school buildings, and an act of the legislature 397 authotizcd the public school system. of _/\lhens. The City Council first located one of the build- ir.gs on the old ccn1etery where the ncgToc<:: 'ere buried, and excavations for the foundations were begun. The gTonnnd was honeycotnbed with old gTaves which bad to be dug dowu tn the hard clay, and a sn1all wagon load of bones v.'ete disintened. This so offende(l the scntintent of the peop1c that the site was abandoned, the g-raves fillc(l in and the lot on \Vashington street was purchased. Prof. E. C. Branson was the first supedntcnclent of schools, and to l1is rctnarkable talent !":. thcns owes the thorough organization of her systen1, which is not snrpassccl by any in the State. Foe many years hack the ,'\ thcns bar stood hlgh i11 the cstitnation of the Stale. Recalling 1ts eGrlier 1nen1bets, there were _,\_ugustin S. Claylun, Ed\Y:tnl I-Tarden, Charles and \Villian1 Dougheny, -VVillian1 J ... JVJitchell, Jnnius 1-iillyet-, \i\lil1ian1 1-Iope I-full, I--Io\-vell Cobb, Joseph H. I.um.pkin, 1'hnm.as R. R. Cobb, Cincinnatus Peeples, DenjaJninl---I. }!ill :tnd Satnucl P. Thurn1ond. These n1en were a tower of strength to any cause they n1ight a(lvocatc. 0 f these San1t1el P. Thurn1ond was tnost tna. rked by rugged strength. l-Ie was self educc.clcd and of the people. lie was honest and fearless, tenacious and resourceful. By his in- 398 dustry he built up a good practice and accurnulatcd a fair fortune. Col. 'fhurnwnd under a rough exterior, had a kind heart and loved mercy. The lady \vhom he rnarriecl -.vas possessed of scrne property -.-vhich 'vas held by trustees, auJ which they had invested in good faith in secnrities \vhich ttltitnately proved aln1ost valueless. In hi3 scttlen1ent -.-vith these trustees Col. Thurmond \Vaived his right to dernand the orig-inal value of his wi fc's estate and accepted the depreciated securities at ace value, giving a receipt in fulL Not many men would have clone this. In only one instance did his acwnen fail hin1. \\Then Confederate bonds had a factitious value i:n the rnarkct o ten dollars a thousand, the Colo ne1 refused that offer for about so,ooo which he had packed awa_y somewhere. He gave as his reason that the Yankees vYere rnaking- so n1uch tnoney, after awhile they would buy all the Confederate bonds they could get and then pass a la"v rnaking then1 worth par. Of the younger merr:.bers of the Athens bar none had the promise of a brighter future than George Dudley Thornas. Gifted with a fine intellect, social posilion, inflnential hiends and a spotless character, he had all the c1etnents of success as a lawyer. George Thomas was truthfal and inspired confidence. !-Ie was pure in thought ancl speech; a nFUl 'vhon1 all estcetned. He was never robust and \Vas a young rnan when he died, I 1 399 and yci. he was counsel for the largest corporattons which did business in _!\thens. 'I'he death oi such a man is alwa_)''S a public loss. It has been said that ~'\thcns is a delightful place to live ancl spend rnoney, but a poor plac~ t_) make h, and that a young- tnan has no opportun;Lies in J\tl1cns to becmne successful in business. I shall not debate the question but sitnply tcnclei in evidence a lew cases and let the rcadeL decide, ancl I slwll not go back lo the \Var period because the conditions since are so (liffcrcnl from whal they viCTC before. R. K. Reaves carne horne after the surn.nclcr with less than fifty dollars and began lLading. ln t\YCnly-five years he was 'North $150,ooo, all made here. A ftcr the war John Talrnadge opened a little store with a wheelbaJTO\\~ full of goods. Soon after his brother, Clovis joined hirn and both n~arricc1. \Vhen tl1c latter died they were worth ~5o,ooo. :0:ow Taln1aclge Uros. Co. is one of the 1u.rgcst flnns in Northeast Georgia. Jn I87J.. Prince Jiodgsonjwas in the paper col- lar business in rrroy, N. Y. The panic knocked bi1n into Slllithececns and he came bmne. As~ bury was a Southern Express n1esscnger; Joe was l\1. G. and J. Cohen's bookkeeper. 1'he brothers fonncd a partnership, built up a large retail grocery store, a prosperous bLokcrage agency and a fertilizer 1nanufactory doing an inl 400 n'!ense annual business, which they own, besides valuable interests in other enterprises in the city. In 1870 :rviendel Morris had a small stock of ary goods in the little corner store by Storey's warehouse, perhaps worth three hundred dollars. Now he owns twenty dwelling houses, two stores and a large stock of goods and has money in the bank. 1n rSSo Hiram Crawford and Jos. N. Webb quit clerking and put about $2,000 capital into groceries. Now the finn sells goods all over Georgia. / In r87G Simon and J'vloses G. Michael began business in Bishop's old corner with the shelves about half full of goods. Soon the new three- story building was put up to accon11nodate thei~ business. After five years, needing tnore room. they bought the lot and built their present store. and then had to rent another building. Now besides the large business they conduct, they own valuable real estate, and each of thetn has built an elegant horne in the city. ThOinas Bailey worked for day wages in the ;\thens Founndry as boy and 1nan, beca1ne a Master :rvrachinist, saved his money and invested it wisely. fie now owns valuable real estate in and around Athens, is the President and chief owner of the Foundry where he worked as a boy, and is respected for his sound judgtnent and esteemed for his solid worth. J I 401 All these n1en-and there are others besidessucceeded by legitin1ate business n1ethods and there was no luck about it. Young ffien, don't go west to Atlanta. Sta:v right here and mind your business. Other n1en have n1ade fortunes doing it. CHAPTR LIV. The Chancellor of the University is always one of the first citizens of the State and this was pree1ninently true of Dr. Lipscon1b, the first of the Chancellors. Andrew 1\dgate Lipscornb was a native of Virginia. I-Hs boyhood was spent in the historic region of J.\.Ianassas, and every foot of that fiercely-contested ground "\vas familiar and its features distinct in his recollection. Entering the ministry of the Protestant 1.1ethodist Church, his feeble healLh soon detnanclecl his retirement, and he located in ""~labama, building up a prosperous fen1ale school at Montgo1nery. Dr. Lipscon1b was a scholar of great eruditiOn and a lecturer of great power. As a sermonizer, he was prone to get beyond the depth of his audience, but at times, both in the pulpit and on the rostrun1, he rose to flights of eloquence rarely equalled in a land of orators. He was essentially a benevolent n1an, largehearted and loving. It was his fault, if fault r I 402 it could be called, to think too \n:Jl of everyone. J !c ncycr recognized the '"old i\dam," nor acl- 1lliitcd the existence ol ''pure cussedness" in any buy. 11enry \V. (~rady, 'vl1cn a colLcg,-.: siudcnt. in a collC:'gc paper, aclrnirahly carica- h!icclthc Chancellor in a 1nock accouut of a trie1l by ihe faculty of a student fo1 a misdemeanor. Y\rhcn the other Professors hacl expressed then v~C\YS, nne plainly declaring that he believed ;..rr. J\'L was clwnnk," Dr. J,ipscomb said, ''I I apprchcud thai tbc t1nco11sclot1s cci-cln-ation in I ?d r. 1\1 c L--- 's case, reacting- through the n~rv- I 011S system, so excited the brain cells, that 1he i1npnlse given to nHtscular Clction lwcan;c irresist Philaclelplti:l in l1is childhood, ~llld there he liYcd until his ninf'tccnth ycat". II'- graduated ~ti Cohnn1;lan C1ll1eg-c-. in \\'ashinf..~- tcn Cit:. For a IC\\ yc;u:-:: lw engagecl in mercantile lntsinc.ss in Chadcc;hnt. 1hen ::;ilHJiccl la\\. :liHl \\as Ztdtnitlccl to the h:u in FrJrsyth, (~a. pr~wticing 1.1111.11 1~-t.S. Tb: kll(l\\lcd.f2.T ot tlv...: pral'lil:tl h~1c,incss nf life \\ llk!1 he lc. ! lc \Ya ..; llw l::,nlnlcc .>rgj~, l~dlcl and IJo-.,pital 11. '-\ hich carried aid and comfort 111 thon:--and of sick <:UH~ \\ tJttnlishcd the l ~ni \'L'r:--.1t; s.,-stl.'lll, n .:t:llnitl~~- tn Lhc cnrricub \Yitlt the \:tT"H '11'-' c.h LtL...;!11p h, :._ ]1<11 ]),- '1'n(~k:.._,-, r('\i1,n1v11i ~): I' :I \!,.:i! crl'' tvd Chancc11: \\'as nothing tnorc to be said. lie had the unbounded confidence of his oYnl clenon1ination ancl held the office of l\Iorlerator of the Southern Baptist Convention for many years. being annnally re-elected until the last year of his life. \t one session of that body, held in Louis\ille. Ky., a brother -.,d1o \\as speaking referred tc, the late Civil \Vat as the ''rebellion." Dt. ~vlell in1111ediately rapped sharply with his gavel and saicl : 'That \\orcl is out of order on th!.s tloor.'' ?-{o1 did he yield one iota of his devotion to the South or the justice of the Confeder<1te canse. 407 ln 1861, be raised a cornpany of volunteers, ~ailed for hin1 the l\'Iell Rifles, but before they enlisted, the cleaih of ).Irs. J\Iell, leaving a fanlily of sn1all children, 111adc it intperative that he should retnain at hotne. Later in the wa1, he conunancled a regin1ent of ''six tnonths" troops at R01ne and Sa-vannah. Personally, Dr. ?\[ell \vas austere in tnanner, teservecl and distant, but courteous to all, even to punctiliousness, and to his friends, he verged upon cordiality. ~\s a professor, he was a l1arcl n1an to recite to. 1-Iis custom on the assembling of the class was to say: ''::\ Tr. Hlank, \Yill you hegin the lesson:" J f ::\f r. Dlank happened tt) be an avcrag;e student, upun such an invitation he \Yotdcl utterly fail to suggest au idea; but it by chance he ,\-as able to respond wiil1 any success, the professor \Ynulcl, after a little. say: 'That will clo. sir; .\Ir. X., \Yill you please take it up there?'' ~o change of expre.c:s-i:otl ever indicated to either "hcther he hacl fa-i:lecl or recited correctly. 'f'he \Yriicr can1c in one Saturday morning to a class in Latin under Dr. J\fell. after an all night 'poss1.1m hunt, barely getting into tbc chapel at the last tap of the prayer-bdl. .-\.s 1night have been expected, so soon as he composed hin1sdf on tbe recitation bCnch, he fell asleep. 'I'he professo1 pron1pily called on hin1 to read a pa;:,sagc in Cicero and appreciating the situation, let him sleep thrcugh the honr-but gaxe llin1 zer',). . \ brief illness foil( nYing upon prostration ];!ought Chancellor .:\fell to his Led. fron1 ,,hich he never rose. ()n January 2(1. 1RRK he breathed b1;-: last. \\'hile the \\ titer has csche\Yed sketches of n'cn still in life. yet it \\ould be i11\idious to 01nit aL mention of Chanceli(J!" \\-illiam E. !1ogg-s. \':hose acln1inistration f!lls ~o impndant a parL of colleg-e history. Dr. !1ogg-s' election \Yas ::l compromise between the ptog-resc;i,-e and conscrvati,c clements in the !~oard nf Trustcc'3. (Jne had insisted upon an ag-g-res.c;in.~ Chancellor, the othCl clen1anded tl1at tl1c traditional n1iniste: fill the office. Dr. Hl)g-gs \Yas both. \\-ithout cotnparison \\ith any other period of the l.:ntvcrsity history, for institutions like this 1nust either g-row or stagnate. Dr. Bogg-s n1ust be credited \\)th raising the standard of scholarship. \\'ith securing appropriations for Science T---Iall and De111nack T- fall. \\ith inaugurating the system of clleap board for the students. l~pon thl.s the reputat1on of Chancellor !1og-g-s can safcl: lCSt. Tn the death of Chancellor Hill the Uni,rersih Sl~Stained a gTcat loss. \\raltcl- B. TTill was th~ first a1un11H1S and the first layman saving President l\[cigs. to guide the destinies o{ the lJniYC::rsit:- ff e ''"as a skilled diplomat and a poEt:cian in the best sense of the tcnn. Ile som1 \ ( I I >, l I I 409 sncccc()ught the [ann U, suppo1t tl1c mules. .\1 ti1c fi.rst nf the \Y \ ftcr,vards he enlisted as a pl-ivate in the Lipscomb \'oluntccrs. :\'h. Rutherford was a hairy 111an at best, and vllcn he pernuttcd his hair and bc;:u-cl to grov,1 in the anny Oliver Pr-ince called him the ''\Vild :\Jan from norneo,'' and said the only way to cvilh a 1nassive head, his \\as a well known f-ignre on the Campus for thitty years. l-Ie had lngh ideals and bis whole life was spent upon a plane cmnmensnrate "-ith them. Pn)fcssor \Villcox's lcclnres \Ycrc C(lUched ju the choicest language ancl had the added chann c beiug clcliverccl in a most nnts-ical voice, and these \\'ith his charming flute nrade a great addition to the social life oL\thens. One evenin.:{ he returned hom \Yalking a little tired and laid dcnYn to rest. He was seized -.,vith anr::ina pee toris and when the f::unily carne in they found hin1 dead. ~.\_ sad occurrence in 1 88T lhre-.,y a gloCn11 ove! the college. \Valter Rountree, while ont walking one afternoon with his brothe1 and two other companions. became engaged in a difficulty with two negroes. vvho. it ,o;eems, had horne hin1 son1c ill-will. They n1ct in front of the courthon~e. and after ~ome words, pistols \Yen: dtawn ancl ill the mc{cc -.,vhich ensued. \Valter Rountree vvas .c:;hot. fl e -...vas taken lo his hoarding- house -.,:..here he died that night. Creat excitement ensued atnong the students and the negroes in thr: 414 city and a riot was \-vith difficulty averted. .::\. post-morten1 was held, but the ball was not found. The pistols used were found to be of different calibres and the identity of the fatal shot was a necessary evidence in the prosecution of the negroes. Under an order of court, t\:vo surgeons \vent over to the young man's home, exln1n1.ed the body and continued the search for the ball until it was found. It proved to hav~ been shot fro111 the brother's pistol. The negroes \~ere tried for assault 'Yvith intent to tnnrder, tc und guilty and were sentenced by ] uclge Erwin to ten years in the penitentiary. .CIL\l'TER LVI. Three citizens of Athens have been precn1inent in the affections of the people, if the respect sbo,vn then1 at their fnnerals be taken as a criterion. 'l'hese v,rcJ-e Rev. Dr. C. \V. Lane, Dr. John Gerdine and Rev. Ellison D. Stone. Dr. Lane n1inisterecl t.o the Presbyter-ian Chnrch a quarter of a century, and not. only to his o\nl people bnt t.o ali ln distress or .sorro,, of any clcnmninatlon. Ile was essentially a holy 111an . .self-denying and consecrated. J-Ic was a g-reat \valkcr and thought. nothing of stepping over to Cethavcn ChuJ-ch seven n1iles away. lie \~as such an inveterate tJ-aveller on foot. that 1~ ;s people once gave hin1 a horse. \Vhile on \ \' I I i \ 415 one of his trips in the country he saw a poor won1an trying to cultivate her c1op with a yearling ox. The doctor left his horse with her to plow and walked hon1e. Dr. Lane was an accornplished botanist and his talks on plants and flowers were extren1ely interesting. When he d1ed, after rnany nwnths of failing health, aLl classes, white and black, Gentile amd Jew, united tc: show their reverence for this n1an of God. Dr. Gerdine carne back to his native place in 1875, and for nearly thirty years was a beloved physician of the city. A quiet, Unasstuning 1nan of finn convictions and genial n1anner, his quick re-sponse to the call of pain, his gentleness in the sick roon1., his syrnpathy with the farnily, his unrenlitting attention to the sick, bound the hearts of the people to hitn with cords of steel. Dr. Gerdine never spoke unkindly of any one nor ,-~,~as a harsh word ever heard to pas~ his lips. I-Iis death was due to exposure in visiting a patient when he him_self ought to have been in bed. There were no lines drawn in the the sorrow ::tt h1s death. It was universal. The tribute paid to Ellison Stone in his death was an evidence of his worth in life. }.1r. Stone had neither wealth nor social position, nor political influence to n~ake friends for himself. A printer all his life, working at his trade for his (_1aily bread, a sin1ple-hearted, plain rnan, he in~ lressed everybody by the purity of his life and '. :"! '"'1.: 416 character so that the hearts of the whole comJnunity turned to him. J lc \Yas the iclol of the poorer classes, and sotnc of them_ \Youlcln 't thlnk they ,,ere safcly 111arricd if ).Ir Stone did not marry them. I [e \\as crcclitecl \\ith n1arrying 11101c couples than any other 1nan in Georgia . .\this death the church conlcl not hold the people \\ho <.TO\\'dcd to show thci 1 cstcc1n for this goo~l man. and literally hundreds stood about the outside. Except at long intervals politics in . \ thcns has POt been at a high tcn1pcrattwc. \Vhcn the question of secession ca1ne to the f1ont in 18()o both the then opposing parties dropped out of sight and all united on the absorbing issue of the \\ar. \Vc may say then that the first bitterly fought election \Ya::; when General Gordon \\as a candic~ate for Co\Trnor against Rufus B. Bnllock in r8(;(). It \\as the \Yhitc people of Ceorgia on (1ne si{le asserti11g tl1en1scl ves against Y a11kc.~ sca.Ia,yags., renegade whltes. a very fe\Y respectable old L'nion men and the freed gegTocs on th~ nthcr. Federal soldiers held the polls. Old Confcdeiate soldiers. clisfl-anchised. \\"CIT not per1;1iUul to vote. Their niggers who ::\Ir. Lincoln's ij'SC dixit had said \Yere ftce. tnarched up in suuads ancl voted \\ith not the remotest idea \\hat it meant. It is easy to concei,-e the indignation \\"hich possessed the \\"hite n1an at the polls. . \ rint v:a:.; imJnincnt-Fcdcral bayone-ts clid nut keep it j I I I 417 cl1 ,\Yn. Tt \Yas the appeals of conservative, thrH1ghtful men ,,-ho adyised then1 to abide thci1 time \\hich prevented bloodshed. There \Yas son1c fighting, a few insolent ncgtoes knocked down. and the scahl\Yags cursed and dared t) resent the -insult which they Speer hacl made a h:-illianl campaign ,-;tJ-ict Dcmncrati..:: lines against Joel .-\bboU !~illups and had de- feated him. He \Yas serving- a term in Cdngrcs3 and \\a~ a candidate f01- reelection. !;ut he had 1-,ent seetns to exert a n1ore potent influence on l"orthern 1nen than Northern environment on Southern n1en. \Tery few Southern tnen are r..;called who during the war espoused the Federal side, and they were office holders. But tnany Northern n:en, who were dmniciled in the South, becan1e ardent supporters of the Confederacy. Among tl,ese \vere Dr. Hoyt, Dr. Church, Mr. Childs, ::\1r. Rlomnfield and Captain ?\Tickerson. General M. L. Stnith, a native of ~ew York, resigned his con1n1ission in the old anny, and with it the pron1ise of high promotion, to join his fortunes with those of the South. Isaac W. i!j'. l.: !' 428 1. I Iallarn, a Yorthern rnan, volunteered with the .\thens Guards and for four years was as good a soldier as any who follo\ved Lee. George 1-I omer and I-1. ~I. DeLacy and J. J. Karnes \Ycre others \\ho endured and fought for the South. These were c:njon rnen. like thon- .sands of Southerners. who deplored the neces- sity of secession. but who \Vent into the n1ove- n.cnt heart and soul. The difference in the individual Rebel anrl )-~ ankec was, after all. far less n1rtrked than one \Yonld suppose if we elin1inate political bias aud peculiarities of tones and n1anners. Both \'ere An1ericans and \Vhen fighting for a con- v;ction made the best soldiers in the world. For 1nany years the sole dependence of Athens for water in case of fires \Vas wells and a fev-,T cisterns. \iVhen the cry of fire was heard every n1an and boy ran first for a bucket and then for the fire. A line \Vas fanned from the ne..1rest \Vell to the fire and buckets of water were passed frmn hand to hand. ~'\bout r88o a company built water works, which proved totally inadequate to the demands upon it. The pressure was not sufficient to throw water to the second story of a house on l\!filledge avenuE:, and several houses were burnerl because there was no water to be had. After years of cmnplaint frotn all qnarters the city de- termined to build its own water works. A com- 429 tr.i::;;sion was created, cornposed of J. H. Rt1cker, A. L. I--Iull and C. M. Strd.ban, to have charge of its erection. To Captain J. VV . .Barnett, the engineer, be- lcngs the chief credit of this plant, which, cotnpkted in J 893, has proved entirely satisfactorv tu the present day. The rrtachine!y and the construction of the Athens water works was the ver)-' best, the supply is an1ple and the water pc1re. /-\nd yet we often long to quaff the sparkling v:ater frmn the deep old well, to hear the squeak of the wheel as the old oaken bucket uncoils the rope on the windlass and to see the cold water spatter over the floor as the bucket i~ filled for the house. All this is gone. '!'he '"-'ell suspected of entertaining genns has been filled in. A crock or something of flat hydrant water, sickening 'varrn without ice, iS all we have in its place. 13ut there are no pathogenic germs in our r.ydrant watt;r. It is taken from the river above any area of drainage from the city, exposed to the full light of the sun in a large shallow settling basin, then passed through sand filters into a clear water basin, ft-on1 which lt is forced through the mains to the consumer. i\ny selfrespecting bacillus would back out rather than go through all this. \Vhen the slogan, "Reme1nber the Maine," aroused the country to take vengeance on the I. . ?, [! 430 proud Castillian and war was declared against Spain, Athens sent her quota of volunteers, not all of whon1 were accepted. Captain J. H. Beusse, who commanded the Athens Guards, tendered the services of the company to the War Department. The policy of the Government did not permit companies to retain their organizations, and the Guards as such were not accepted. Those members who persisted were assigned to the Second Regiment of Georgia Volunteers. Captain Beusse was made Captain of Cornpany G, and C. r\. \Tonderleith, First L1entenant; T-1 erschel Carithers was Orderly Sergeant. The regiment went into catnp at Tan"1pa. hnt sa'v no active service and was 1nnstered out in February, 1899. In addition to these Bailey Thornas also volunteered, '\Vas tnade Captain of Engineers and afterwards served in the Philippines until failing health forced his resignati(~m. As the soldiers usually spent all their pay as soon as they got it, the location of a regin1ent in can1p meant a lively trade to the 1nerchants of rhe town. Efforts were made to secure the location of a can1p near Athens. Three regiments, the Fifth New York. Fifteenth Pennsylvania and the Twelfth New Jersey, were 01dered here and Brigadier General \V. C. Oates \Yas assigned to their con1mand. General Oates was an old Con 1 i ( I 431 federate who had lost his arn1 at Missionary J-Udge. The soldiering was play. The young officers were hospitably entertained by the citizens and the young ladies showed none of that aversion lc the Federal soldier which had led to the a1 rest of their 111others a third of a century before. Several of these ungrateful men came back afterwards and actually carried off some of our loveliest girls before the very eyes of their fathers; and son1e of the New Jersey soldiers came back and entered college to take a course in football. The Fifth New York was ordered to Cuba, the two other regin1ents were ordered hon1.e in February, the camp was deserted and the retail m.erchant jingled the harvest in his pocket. That winter was the cloudiest, wettest, coldest we had Gad in many years. It was a standing joke to <>.sk "Where is your Sunny South?" When the Yankees came to Athens in 1865 and were p1owling about smoke houses and invading private residences, Ivirs. T. R. R. Cobb wrote a note to General Palmer and asked that ~he tnight have a guard to protect her horne. ,\L young soldier was detailed who stayed at the house, permitted no prowlers to come upon the premises, and by hls unobtrusive politeness allayed, in part, the antipathy of the ladies to the Yankees. \iVhen General Oates' brigade was encamped 432 here in 1898 Colonel W. A. Krepps was in comn~and of the Fifteenth Pennsylvania. When Colonel Krepps came to Athens he made some inquiry about Mrs. Cobb and the writer called on hin1. He proved to be the identrcal soldie:-"" who was detailed in 1865 and recalled many incjdents of that visit. It is needless to say that ancient hostilities \YCrc forgotten and the hospitality of the h01ne was extended to the colonel and quOilclam guard. The carnp of Oates' brigade was on the high gtound beyond Phinizy's branch. An entertainn1enL \vas given the public in the nature of a shan1 battle between the Jerseymen and the Quakers. It had about it all the pomp and circumstance of war and sounded like a sure enough skirmish in old titnes. Lots of Uncle Sam's powder was burned, only one n1an hurt and everyt.ocly was pleased with the free show. It was curious to note the reception of these so!dicrs by our people. :i\1any of the older citizens had not seen a Federal soldier in uniform since the war and they could not dissociate the"'" defender of our count1y fron1 the Yankee bun1n1er. They admired the parades, they were polite to the stranger, but were shy with the soldier in blue. During a grand parade when the entire brigade marched in review before Generals Oateo; and S. M. B. Young, an old veteran, who had lost an arn1 at Spottsylvania, stood ncar 1ne oa j 4-33 College ~\venue looking at the regitDents as they passed. Sai