Corrections at a glance

f ~,O~ rR~R~ElCi T~1=1 ~'*r-I?l!.~~~.llL~~Il II

CORRECTIONS AT A
GLANCE
Prepared by Planning, Research and Statistics Georgia ~ e ~ a r t m eonf tCorrections
January 1996

CorrectionsAt A Glance is produced by the Planning, Research, and Statistics Section of GDC's Office of Strategic Management. It brings together in one place information about Georgia's offender population and the staff who supervise them.
In this volume the interested reader will find data ranging from the daily cost to house an inmate to the amount of money collected from probationers on an annual basis.
Sources for the statistics include GDC's Offender Tracking Information System and the 1995 Corrections Yearbook published by the Criminal Justice Institute.
This edition reflects data through the end of calendar year 1995. Current plans are to update the informaiton twice a year, once to reflect Fiscal Year data and once to reflect Calendar Year data.
If you have any suggestions

Planning, Research, and Statistics

3

3/22/96

TABLE OF CONTENTS MISSION, VISION AND BELIEFS GDC EMPLOYEES A CONTINUUMOF SANCTIONS FOR OFFENDERS IN GEORGIA ACTIVE OFFENDER POPULATION PROBATION 1996 PROBATIONPOPULATION FLOW FACILITIES 1996 INMATE POPULATION FLOW FISCAL YEAR ADMISSIONS AND RELEASES CRIME TYPE PRIOR GEORGIA INCARCERATIONS GEORGIA'S COMPREHENSIVE CORRECTIONAL BOOT CAMP PROGRAM OFFENDERWORK DETAILS SEX CRIMES INMATES UNDER DEATH SENTENCE (UDS) GDC'S PRIVATIZATION EFFORTS RETURN-TO-PRISON(RTP) RATES RECENT LEGISLATION
"Two Strikesand You're Out"
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

Juvenile Justice Refonn Act h s t m m Youth DcvtloplncntFwINty Weapons At School Stalking Life WithoutParole Life For Drug Crimn Victim Notification
IN-PRISON DEATHS AVERAGE LENGTHOF STAY (LOS) BY CRIMETYPE ESCAPES OFFENDER DEMOGRAPHICS
Age Education Marital Status And Children Substance Abuse Problems Ethnicity& DiversityAmong M e n d e n
MEDICAL ISSUES
IIIV/AIDS
CORRECTIONAL BEDSPACE INDEX
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

TABLE OF TABLES
TABLE I 1995 PROBATION STARTS BY CASE TYPE TABLE 2 1995 PROBATIONTERMNATIONSBY TERMINATION TYPE TABLE 3 I995 INMATE ADMISSIONS TABLE 4 1995 INMATE RELEASES TABLE 5 1995 ADMISSIONS BY CRlMETYPE TABLE 6 SUCCESSFUL. BOOT CAMP COMPLETIONS TABLE 7 ADMISSIONS TO EASTh4AN YDF TABLE 8 STALKING TABLE 9 I995 IN-PRISON DEATHS TABLE 10 HIV-RELATEDDEATHS TABLE 11 1995 PRISONRELEASESBY PERCENT OF SENTENCE SERVED
- TABLE 12 SOUTHEASTERNSTATESBY 1994 ESCAPERATE
TABLE 13 GEORGIA'S ESCAPE RATE, 1991 1995 TABLE 14PROBATIONERSBY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN TABLE 15 INMATES BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN TABLE 16 MSPANIC PROBATIONERS TABLE 17 IflSPANIC INMATES TABLE 18 ENGLISH AS A SECONDLANGUAGE
TABLE OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 THREE-YEARRETURN-TO-PRISON RATESBY SUBSTANCEABUSEPROBLEM
FIGURE2 IN-PRISON DEATHS
FIGURE 3 HIV POSlTIVEINMATEADMISSIONS FIGURE 4 HIV RELATED IN-PRISON DEATHS
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

MISSION, VISION AND BELIEFS
m a t is the mission of the Georgia Departmentof Comffons?
'he mission of the Georgia Department of Corrections is to proted the public and staff by nanaging offenders either in a safe and secure environment or through effective community .upervisionaccording to their needs and risks. In collaboration with the community and other ~gencies,we provide programs which offer offenders the opportunity to become responsible, ~roductvel,aw-abidingcitizens.
m a tdoes the GeorgiaDepattmento f C o m ' o n s see itaelfasdoing duringthe next lecade?
'he Georgia Department of Corrections will become a primary partner in a collaborative effort mong all criminal justice entities, human service providers, educators, and the community in ffectivelyand eff~ientlypreventingand reducing crime inthe State of Georgia.
Yhat are some o f the particularbeliefs that employeeso f GDCshare?
Ve, the members of the Georgia Department of Corrections, believe that ...
. Every member of the Georgia Department of Corrections team has value and uniquely contributes to our overall success.
. Our ultimate success depends uponworking as a team in an environmentof openness,
inclusion, honesty, integrity and commitment. . All managersand supervisors are responsiblefor creatingand maintaininga positivework
environment involving both high standards and staff support by promoting broad-based teamwork. . Leadershipis a responsibility shared by all; as leaderswe modelappropriate behavior by consistently acting in a professionalmanner.
. We are responsible for providing offenders a broad range of services and programs according
to their individual needs and the risk they pose to our staff and the community. . Many offenders, if given the opportunity, have the potentialto make positivechanges in their
attitudes, life skills and conduct. , We must play an instrumentalrole in helpingthe community recognize its responsibility as a
partner in helpingoffenders become productive, law-abidingcitizens. . It is our duty to be truly accountable to ourselves and the public for the effective and efficient
use of our time and all available resourcesto accomplishour mission. . Innovationand c r e a t i i are criticalto adjusting to our rapidly changing environment and we
encourage continued efforts to shape our future through new and innovative ideas. O.Our pride and confidence in the Georgia Departmentof Corrections is strengthened as eachof
us acts in accordance with these beliefs.
lanning, Research, and Statistics '22196

GDC EMPLOYEES
How many employees does the GeorglaDepartment of Comctions c u m i l y have? On January 15,1996, the Georgia Departmentof Correctionshad 14,258 employees.
Whatis the distributionby gender and race of those employees? More than two-thirds (70%) of GDC employees are male, and 30%are female. Forty
percent of all GDC staff are African-American, and the remainder (60%)are whiite. Lessthan or percent of GDC's staff are Asian, Hispanic or another racelethnicity.
How has the number of GDC employees grown during the past two decades? At the end of FY74, GDC had 2,444 employee positions; by January 15,1996, the
Department had 15,187 positions.
How does that growth compare with the growth in the number of offendem?
Fromthe end of fY74 to the end of M95,the number of inmates increasedfrom 9,776 to
33,679, and the number of probationers increased from 35,000 to more than 133,000.
How many GDC employees are Wardens or Superintendents? GDC had 36 Wardens and 54 Superintendents on January 15,1996. (A Warden is chief
administrator of a prison, while a Superintendent is chief administrator of, for example, a transitionalcenter, diversion center, or detentioncenter.)
Whatis the distributionby gender and race of GDC's Wardensand Superintendents?
Of GDC's 90 Wardens and Superintendents:
56 (62%) are whiite males 6 ( 7%) are white females 23 (26%) are black males 5 ( 6%) are black females
How many GDC employees are Chief Probation Officers? GDC had 56 ProbationChiefson January 15,1996. Usuallyone Chief administers each
Judicial Circuit, but major metropolitan areas may have more than one Chief.
Whatis the distn'butionby genderand race of GDC's Chief Pmbation Oflicen? Of GDC's 56 Chief ProbationOfficers:
46 (82%) are white males 5 ( 9%) are white females 5 ( 9%) are black males 0 ( 0%) are black females
Data as of Jan. 1996
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

A CONTINUUMOF SANCTIONS FOR OFFENDERS IN GEORGIA

ENDEDSFNTENCF : In least-seriouscaseswhere supervisionor confinement would serve no purpose, judges may opt to suspend the sentence with m obliiation by the Mender except to obey the law, and perhaps to pay a fine. If there is a new offense, the
may activate the wspended sentence. (about 160 probationers)

BASICPROBATION: Probationers are assessed by risk and the sentencecond'tions
that must be satisfied (payment d restitution, community setvice, dnrg testing, counseling,
wananthi search, &).- The probation&d 4 an lndividd case planto guide
the f l w t and derider through the probationperiod. (130,788 probathers)

COMMUNITYSFRVICg: As a condition dthe sentence, some probationenare

requiredto provideunpaidserviceto their community. CommuMtyServiceisa

r&uirerneni for all wi

and is a program requirementin IPSand t h ? ~ i O r I

Coemntmerus.ni(ta; bSoeurvti3c7e.-.0)00 p.robationers show Inother countsalso haveto perform

MMRSkM CENTER
LETENTION CENTER

INTENSIVE PROBATION SUPERVISION: The Georgia IPS program is considered to
be a nationalmodel. IntensiveProbationOmcersandSulveillanceOmcen work in teams supervising 25 p r o b a t i i each. The programcombines a balancedIntervention, illan an&, and Enfwcwnentto offend--who requiremore intensive monitoringthan
basic supe~simcan dler. Employment, education, structuredleisuretime, and
.rehabilt&ii activitiesare a focus.-Offendersmaintaina curfew and are vised nights
and weekends at their homes, jobs, and other locations. (6,000 probationers)
DIVERSIONCENTER : As a condition d probation, a judge may requirethat a probationer be assignedto a DiversionCenter which provides a variety of educationaland
counseling programs. The probationer l iat the center, but works at a regularjob In the
community, in additionto pelformingcommunity service. The probationel's paycheck is turned into the Center, and room, board, fines, restitutionand family support are deducted. (803p r o b a t i i )
PROBATION DETENTIONCENTER : The Detention Center is a community-based, min~mumsecurity confinement facility housingofendem. Onenderswwk on unpaid
I community workdetaib supervised by cwreciional mcers. (1,960 probationers)

PROBATIONBOOTCAMP: The M a y Probation Boot Camp offers the courts an alternativeto long-term incarcerationfor young felony offenders. The programcombines
.military style basictraining and programsaddressing substance abuse and other offender
problemswith atercare supervision. (401 probationers)

:-

The Parole Board selects patticipanb for this post-sentence

d m .fccusinaon non-viotentofendem under ape 36. Like ProbationBodCamp. this

Gghly:structur&, militaryayle programemphas6es discipline, physicaltraining, hard

work, and drug education. The program combines a 120-day institutional component with

aftercare supervision. (866 inmates)

PRISON: Imprisonmentis a last resortsither for a clearly dangerous violent offender who can be housednowhereelse, or for a nonviolent ollender who hasexhaustedall alternativeforms of punishment. (32,514 inmates)

TRANSITIONAL CENTER: Before reenteringsociety after a term in state prison,
selectedinmateswho do not have resource8such as a family to nhm,to are assipned to
a TransitionalCenter. Emphasb is onthe responsiblebehavibn neededin society: keepinga pb, and peacefullymexistingwith peers. (664 inmates)

PAROCERNOCATIONCFNTER : Paroleeswho refuseto comply with the conditionsof their release may be d e d directly to these facilities. (377 inmates)

ianning, Research, and Statistics 22/96

ACTIVE OFFENDER POPULATION

How many offenden are on streetprobation in Georgia?
1As of January 1,1996, GDC had :
130,794 Probationers 1 104,996 males (80%) 1 25,798 females (20%) ]

1 How

many offenden are in probation
As br January 1,1996: GDC had

facilities :

in

Geor-gia?

3,335 Probationers

1 3,019 males (91%) ( 316 females (9%)

I

What was the average daily probation population in 19957
1 I The average daily probationpopulationin 1995was:
131,627 Probationers 1 106,403 males (81%) 1 25,224 females (19%)

How does GDC compare nationally in numbers of probationers under supervision? According to the 1995 Conecfions Yearbook, GDC had the 4th largest number of adult
probationers.

1 How

many offenden are
As br January 1 , 1

in prison in Georg- ia7 9 9 6 , - ~ha~d~:

134,266 Inmates

1 32,230 males (94%) 1 2,036 females (6%)

Whatwas the average dailyprison population in 19957

1 1 1 The average daily prisonpopulationin 1995was:

133,719 Inmates

31,676 males (94%)

2,043 females (6%)

How does GDC comparenationallyin number of inmatesin Georgia? According to the 1995 Comtions Yearbook, GDC hasthe 8th largest number of inmates
among US state prison systems.
How does Georgiarank on national incarceration rates? Accordingto the 1995 Comtions Yearbook, Georgia hasthe 4th highest incarceration
rate nationally (500 inmates per 100,000 state residents).
Whatis the racial compositionof the offenderpopulation? The racialcompositionof probationersis about 51%non-white. Morethan two-thirds
(68%)of the prison populationis non-white.
How many offenders an, injail awaitingpickup (i.e., jail backlogJ7 As of January 26,1996, GDC had 924 offenders awaiting placement in Community
Correctionsfacilities: 732 malesand 192 females. There were also 1,684 offendersawaiting pickup for prison: 1,404 males and 280 females.
Data as of Jan. 1996

Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

PROBATION
What is the scope of responsibilityof GDC's probation skiff? GDC's probationstaff supervise more than 130,000 probationersin 129 Probation Field
Offices.
What does M cost to keepan offender under probationsupervision?
The average daily cost varies by type of probationsupervision. The FY95Cost Per Day for probationerswas: $1.22 for RegularSupervisionand $3.20 for IntensiveSupervision.
Howmuch has theprobationpopulationincreased i n the past few yean? The number of probationers more than doubled between 1983 (60,000) and the beginning
of 1996 (more than 130,000).
How does this growthaffectprobation caseloads? The national standard for regular probation supenrision is no more than 100 cases per
officer. GDC's caseloads statewide consistently average around 200. Throughout the state these caseloads range anywhere from 150 to over 400 cases per officer.
- Probationofficerworkload also includes serviceto the courts, pre-sentenceinvestigations,
and monitoring administrative cases all of which increases as the number of probationers increases.
How about IntensiveProbation caseloads? Originally, Intensive ProbationSupe~sion(IPS) allowed for 25 offenders per team. Over
the past two years, IPS caseloads have been raised to 40 per team. However, some IPS teams supenrise much larger caseloads.
How much do probationen contribute financially? During FY95, probationers contributed a total of over $50 million to pay fines and costs
($27.7 million), probation fees ($10.9 million), restitution ($9 million), and diversion center room and board ($2.52 million). GDC also collected $137,591 in child support.
What i sprobation "Community Service"? By legislati definition,CommunityService is 'uncompensated work by an offender with
an agency for the benefit of the community pursuant to an order by a court as a condition of probation".
How much do probationers contribute b y uncompensatedwork in the community? During FY95,probationers contributed a total of 2,191,871 hours of communitysenrice
during M95.The approximate value of communitysenrice hours is $9,315,451 calculatedat the
minimum wage of $4.25 per hour.
'Data as d Jan. 1996
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

How many probationers started probation in 19957 GDC's offender database shows the following distribution for 1995 probation starts:

155,355 Probationers

1 43,399(78%) males 1 11,956(22%) females (

Whatpercentage w e n straight probation cases? Ninety-two percent of 1995 probation starts were straight probation cases. Seven percent
were split probation cases. Offenders serving a split probation sentence have already completed the prison portion of their sentence: for example, on a sentence of 8 years, serve 3 in prison followed by 5 on probation.

Table 1 1996 ProbationStarts By Case Type

Type Straiaht Probation ~ p %Probation Out of State Probation Suspended Sentence

1 Total

1

3,787 522 245
1 55,355

7% 1% 0%
100'q

How many probationen left probation in f9957 What percentage successfully completed their probation?
Morethan 66,000 probationersleft probationin 1995. Three out of four (74%) probationershad successfulterminations.

Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

Table 2 1996 ProbationTerminationsBy TerminationType

Sentence Completed

Term Bv Court

Paid Fm

1

Transfer Out Of State I

Other nor^ Term

2,026 ( 1.425 1

Absconded
1 Death
1 Total

I

377 1

1 61.765 1 1009d

Data as of Jan. 1996

FACILITIES
Whatis the scope of responsibilityof GDC's facilities staff? GDCs facilitiesstaff managemore than 34,000 inmatesin a total of 79 prisons, boot
camps, and transitional centers. They also manage more than 3,700 probationers in a total of 34 probation detentioncenters, probationboot camps and diversioncenters.
What are the facilitiesfor inmates supervised by GDC1sFacilities Division? GDC's Facilities Division operates the following facilities with the indicated maximum
operating capacities: 38 State Correctional lnstitutiinsfor 27,252 malesand 2,232 females; 26 County Correctional Institutions for 3,579 males; 5 Transitional Centers for 594 males and 124 females; 6 Inmate Boot Camps for 1,150 males; 2 Parole RevocationCenters for 400 males; 1 Youth Development Facility for 118 males; and 1 Pre-translional Center for 200 males.
Whatis Utecapacity of GDC's facilitiesfor inmates? At the end of 1995,the malmum operatingcapacityof facilities for inmateswas 35,659.
By the end of FY96, it will be 36,369 and by the end of FY97,38,973.

Planning, Research, and Statistic8 W2/96

What does it cost to keep an inmate under supervision? The average daily cost wries by type of facility:

FY95 Cost Per day For Inmates

State Prison

Under Death Sentence

Transitional Center

Subsidies

I

$48.91

I $71.39

I $46.84
( ($44.02 in State funds)

$10.00 County Subsidy $15.00 Jail subsidy -

What is the purpose of jail and county subsidies? GDC is requiredby law to reimbursecounty and localjurisdictions for those offenders
sentenced to State custody but housed in jails and county camps. The amount of that reimbursementis also set by law. The county subsidy increasedto $12.50 at the beginningof FY96.

What are the facilities for probationers supervised by GDC's Facilities Division? GDC's Facilities Divisionoperatesthe following faciliieswith the indicated capacities:
17 diversion centers, for 866 males and 179 females; 3 probation boot camps for 425 males; 14probationdetention centers for 2,120males and 166females.

What is the capacity of the probation confinement facilities?
As of January 10,1996,the maximumoperating capacity was 3,756.By the end of M96,it will be 3,998. By the end of M97,it will be 4,190.

What does it cost to keep an offenderunder supervision in a probation facility?
The average daily cost varies by type of probationfacility. FY95costs for Diversion
Centers amounted to $40.56 per day, $33.95 of which was provided by state funds. Detention Centers and Probation Boot Camps cost $42.02 per day.
Data as of Jan. 1996

Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

1995 INMATE POPULATION FLOW

How many inmates entered prison in 19957 GDC's offender database showsthe following distributionfor 1995 prison admissions:

( 15,937 Inmates

1 1 14,435 males (91%) 1 1,509 females (9%)

What wen,their8dmi~Si0ntypes?
Their admission types are shown below.
Table 3 1996 InmateAdmissions

How many inmates left prison in 19957 How were they released? 15,034 inmates lefl prison in 1995. One in four (25%) was released because their
sentence had expired but most (73%) were released by some type of Parole Board action.
Table 4 1996 Inmate Releases

Data as d Jan. 1996
Pbnning, Research, and Statistics 3/22\96

FISCAL YEAR ADMISSIONS AND RELEASES
, What i s GDC'J fiscalyear? The GDC fiscal year runs from July 1 through the following June 30. The fiscal year takes
. its name from the ending year so that FY95isthe year of July 1994through June 1995. The following figures for fiscal admissionsand departuresshow the informationin the Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS) as of October 1995. They will differ somewhat from numbers released earlier in the year as some data entry was delayed. This section shows only the fiscal year admissions, average daily populationand releases. Cahndardataisdwayedhughout therest of this book The percentagesin various . categories change slowly over time so the percentages shown for the end of 1995 will be valid.

How many offenders startedprobation in FY957 As of October. 1995. the GDC offender database showed that over 60.000 offenders
1 1 1 60,112 Total Probationers 47,645 males (79%) 12,467 females (21%)

What was the average daily probation populationinFY957

The average daily probation

in FY95 was:

1 f131.613 Total Probationers 106,604 males (81%) 124,935 females (19%)

How many offenders were releasedfrom probationi n FY957 As of Odober. 1995.the GDC offender database showed that over 66.115offenders were
released from probation in I%%:
1 1 ] [66,213 Total Probationers 53,151 males (80%) 13,062 females (20%)

Howmanyoffenders enteredprisoninFY957

As of October, 1995, the GDC offender database showed that over 16,000 offenders

entered prison in FY95.
( 16,034 Total Inmates

1 1 ( 14,625 males (91%) 1,409 females (9%)

What was the average daily prison population inFY957

The average daily prison population in FY95 was:

132,589 Total Inmates

1 1 ( 30,597 males (94%) 1,992 females (6%)

How many offenders were releasedfrom prison i n FY953

As of October, 1995, the GDC offender database showed that over 12,000 offenders were

1 releasedfrom prisonin FY95. 12,312 Total Inmates

1 1 1 11,163 males(91%) 1,149 females (9%)

'Wta as of October 1995

Planning, Research, and Statistics
m2196

Whatis the differencebetweena prisonlprobation uadmisdon" and the lactive populatiofr 7
Prisonlprobationadmissions are those offenders who start probationor enter prisonduring a given time period. An active population refersto those offenderswho are on probatiinor in prisonat any point in time.
M ipopulationswill alwaysshow a moreserious crime type profile, since offenders with more serious crimes and longer sentences buildup inthe adive population. What crimes an, offenders on probation lor? What crimes am inmates in prison lor7
Two out of fnre a d i probationers (40%)are servingtime for drug and alcoholcrimes; 34% have propertycrimes; 12%have violent crimes and 3%have sex crimes. These numbers include both straight sentence probationers and split sentence probationers (those who have already served the prison part of their sentence).
Two-fifths (41%) of Georgia's active inmatesare in prisonfor violent crimes, 11%for sex crimes, 25% for propertycrimes and 20% for drugand alcoholcrimes.
Table 5 shows the crime types of offendersstarting probatiin or enterinurison in 1995. Table 6 1996 Admissions By Crime Type
.' PRIOR GEORGIAINCARCERATIONS
Whatpercentage of inmates have been in prison before? Morethan half (52%) of the active inmates had a prior incarcerationin a Georgia prison.
Deta as of Jan. 1996
Planning. Research, and Statistics 3n2m

GEORGIA'S COMPREHENSIVE CORRECTIONAL BOOT CAMP PROGRAM
When did Georgia's Boot Camp program start?
: Georgia started a precursor to the current Boot Camp program, Special Alternative Incarceration(SAI or Shock Incarceration), in 1983. When Governor Miller took office in 1991, he expanded the programto the current Comprehensive CorrectionalBoot Camp program.
Whatdoes Georgia's ComprehensiveComctional Boot Campprogram include? There are 3 Probation Boot Camps and 6 lnmate Boot Camps. The Probation Boot Camps
are Treutlen PBC, Putnam PBC and Stone Mountain PBC. The lnmate Boot Camps are Burruss IBC, Dodge IBC, Hancock IBC, H a p IBC, PhillipsIBC and Telfair IBC. The 14 Probation Detention Centers (PDC) also are included in this program.
Whata n the criteria for offenders enteringProbation and lnmate Boot Camps? First, they must be mentallyand physicallyhealthy men. After that the criteriam y slightly
between the type of Boot Camps. lnmate Boot Camp participants are selected by the Parole Board from a pool of men age 17to 35, with non-violent crimes and sentences of 10years or less. They will serve 120 days in Boot Camp followed by Parole supervision.
Probationersare sentencedto Boot Camp by the Judge. The Judge decides who is eligible for Boot Camp. Generally, they are between age 17 and 30, with non-violent crimes and sentences of 10years or less. They will serve 90 days followed by Probationsupe~sion.
What a n the criteria for offenders enteringProbation Detention Centen? Almost all probationers in PDCs are men, but there is one PDC for females located in
Claxton. Probationersare sentencedto PDCs by the Judge. The Judge decides who is eligible for the PDC program and may send the offender to a PDC directly from court or as an amended sentence if the probationer has problems adjusting to probation supervision.
How many offenders a n in Boot Camps and PDCs now? As of January 1,1996, there were 866 men in lnmate Boot Camps and 401 in Probation
Boot Camps. There were 1,960 offenders in PDCs.
How many men successfully completed Boot Camp in 19957 How many since the program began?
2,405 men successfully completed lnmate Boot Camp in 1995 and 1,572 successfully completed Probation Boot Camp. The table belowshows total successfulcompletions.
Table 6 Sucmsshrl Boot Camp Completions
Planning, Research, and Statistics 312m

OFFENDERWORK DETAILS
What kind of work do offenders do? Offendersdo manydifferent kindsof work. In FY95, over $72 millionwas returnedto
Georgia communities through work done by inmateconsbudioncrews, inmate work details, probationer work details, and probationer community senrice work.
The more than 1,200 inmateswho work inthe 17GeorgiaCorrectionalIndustriesplants learn marketableskillsand the work ethicwhile they producegarments, furniture, chemicals, soap, signs, license plates, mattresses and printed materials. These products are sold to the State and other tax-supported entities.
Nearly 3,000 inmates work in Food and Farm activities raising crops and livestock, processingmeats, canning fruits and vegetables and preparingand serving food to offenders and
staff. This enables GDC to provide low& balanced meak .
F i e protectionsenrice is providedthrough fire stationsat ten prisons, resultingin lower fire insurance costs for local communities.
Inmate constructioncrews have 400 inmates buildingand renovatingstate offices, fire stations, warehouses, jaik, etc.
Detaineesin ProbationDetentionCenters and Boot Camps provide services to local communities, the Georgia State Patrol, the Departmentof Natural Resourcesand other agencies.
SEX CRIMES
How many of Georgia's active inmates are sex offenders? Have these numbers been increasing?
Over the past decade, the number of sex offendersin prisonhas almost tripled (1,210 to 3,520). The percentage of sex offenders in the total active inmate population also has increased from 7% in 1985to 11% at the end of 1995.
Who are the victims of these crimes? Most of the victims are children. Duringthe pasttenyears the number of adult victim sex
crimes doubled but the number of child victim sex crimes quadrupled. Thus, the proportion of persons serving for adult victim crimes versus those serving for child victim crimes has been reversing (63%adult to 37%child in 1985; 47% adult to 53%chid in 1995). Child Molestation crimesshowed a fwe-fold increase (336 in 1985to 1,650 in 1995),the greatest growth in numbers for sex crimes.
Whichsex crimes sre'countedin those witb 8 child victim? Sex crimeswith childmictsvi includechild molestation,aggravated child molestation,
incest, statutory rape, enticing a child for indecent purposes, molesting a minor, and sexual exploitationof children.
Planning, Research, and Statistics M2m

INMATES UNDER DEATH SENTENCE (UDS)
How many inmates am on Death Row? Whatis their racial and gender makeup? As of January 1,1996, there were 110inmateson Death Row. All are males: 62 (56%)
white males and 48 (44%) black males. Some of these have had their sentences or convictions overturned and are awaiting further court action. (All were sentenced for murder.)
How many new UDS inmates did GDCreceive in I9953 How many wen,removed fmm Death Row in I995 and why?
During 1995, six new death sentence inmateswere received. Two inmates were executed and two were resentenced to Life (one of them to Life without parole).
When was the last execution? Who was executed? How many executions has Georgia had since the reinstatementof the deathpenalty?
DarrellDevier (WIM) was executed May 17,1995. That was the 20th executionin Georgia since 1973.
How long does an inmate stay on Death Row befom execution? The average lengthof stay on DeathRow untilexecutionis about 11years.
Of the inmates currently on Death Row, what was the youngest age at sentencing end what was the oldest age at sentencing?
None of the inmates currently on Death Row was sentenced before age 17. The oldest ag at sentencingwas 62
Data as of Jan. 1996'

GDC'S PRIVATIZATION EFFORTS

How is the GeorgiaDepartment of Correctionsresponding to the movement to privatize activities which wen once government functions?

Medical: GDC has contracted for medicalstaff at selected prisonssince the early 1980's. In 1994the Departmententered intothe State's first correctionalhealthcare contract for medical staff and services at all GDC facilities. The contract emphasizes managed care which helps control the costs of medical services for offenders.

Programs: GDC uses independent vendors for selected services in field operations. Almost all chaplains in the prisons and centers are contract workers rather than state employees. There are also contracts with individuals for some library services and counseling senrices.
GDC also contracts with a private vendor to provide an intensive substance abuse program, including staffing and services, at three sites. The vendor is responsible for both staffin{ and services.

Operations: The idea of privatizingsecure facilitieswas exploredin the 1993study by Dr. HalFarrier, at the requestof the Governor's Offm of Planningand Budget and GDC. Dr. Farrier concludedthat the State of Georgiacould beneftthroughthe private operation of one or more

Planning, Research, and Statistics

20

3n2196

facilities, provided that the contract with the vendor clearly defined the responsibilities of the vendor and the cost savings that were to be realized.
A number of other states have already privatizedthe operation of selected facilities, resulting in savings over state operation costs. Among the jurisdictions with private prisons are Texas, Louisiana, Florida, and Tennessee.
In late 1995,Governor Miller in his State of the State address announced that Georgia's next three prisons -to be located in Chartton, Coffee, and Wheeler Counties-would be built and operated by private vendors. Toward that end, work groups were established to draft enabling legislation and to identify issuesto be addressed in the contractswith private vendors.
After passage of enabling legislation, GDC will release Requests for Proposals (announcementwhich invitesvendors to make bids on a contract) for the design, construction, and operation of three prisons. They will be designed as 500-bed faciiitieswith expansion
capabilityto make them 1,000-bed facilities. These prisons could be operational as early as
FY98.
RETURN-TOPRISON (RTP) RATES
What i s the system-wide return-to-prison rate in Georgia? The system-wide three-year return-to-prison rate is about 40%. This means that about
40% of all offenders leaving a GDC prison have returned to a GDC prison within three years. This rate will vary somewhat depending on which base years are selected. The base years in this reporl are 1985 through 1995.
The three-year RTP rate is much lower for women (28.6%) than it is for men (40.7%). Offenderswith any substance abuse problemsare about twice as likely to returnto prison within three years as those who have no known substance abuse problems. Offenders who have both drug and alcohol problems are even more than twice as likely to return within the same time frame.
Figure 1Three-year Return-to-Prison Rates By Substance Abuse Problem
Data as of Jan. 1996
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

RECENT LEGISLATION
This section describes brieflyrecent legislation which affectsGDC's offender population.
"Two Strikes and You're Out"
What are the provisions of Georgia's -two strikes and you're OWlaw? The enabling legislation(SW1) was a billthat increasedthe lengthof stay of the most
dangerousoffenders in Georgia. SR395was the constiiutionalamendment that implementedthe bill; together they are referredto as the "Sentence ReformAct of 1994". They target seven serious crimes for additionalpenalties: mder, kidnapping, rape, armedrobbery, aggravated child molestation, aggravatedsodomyandaggravatedsexualbattery.
Anyone convicted of these crimes will have a mandatory minimumsentence of 10years fo~ the first conviction, and life without parole for any subsequent conviction. A life-sentence inmate now has to serve 14 years before being considered for parole.
Contact with the ProsecutingAttorney's Councilof Georgia verified that the penalty provisionsof this statute are beingappliedto crimes committed after the effective legislation date of January 1,1995. Prosecutorsaround Georgia are seeing a decrease in plea bargainingfor these crimes and even an increasein 'demand fortriar (i.e., trial must be completedwithintwo terms of court.) More cases going through the trial process means that sentences will be delayed in reaching GDC. Thus, although GDC is receiving a trickle of inmates sentenced under the 'two-strikes' law, GDC is not yet seeing the full effects of this law.
As of the end of 1995,217offenders had beensentenced under this law.
Juvenile Justice Refonn Act
What i s Georgia's Juvenile Justice ReformAct of 19947 SB440-called the 'School Safety and Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 1994"-grants origina
jurisdiction to the Superior Court for juveniles aged 13 to 17 accused of murder, voluntary manslaughter, armed robbery committed with a firearm. rape, aggravated sodomy, aggravated childmolestationor aggravatedsexualbatteryand requires that they be tried as an adult unless there is a request from the District Attorney to transfer the case to Juvenile Court.
As of January 1,1996, GDC had received 69 juvenile males convicted under this law. Juvenile males are housed at Lee hendale CI in Alto. Several of these young men haveturned age seventeen and have been moved to the regular inmate population at Arrendale CI. Juvenile females will be housed at Metro CI in Atlanta.
'Data as of Jan. 1996
Pknning, Research, and Statistic8
322296

Eastman Youth Development Facility
Who are the young offenders being held at Eastman YDF? Eastman YDF houses male juvenile offenders referred to GDC from the Department of
Children and Youth Services (DCYS). These young offenders have been classified as assaultie or "incorrigible" since their entry into the DCYS system. The legislation providing for these transferswas passed about 1990. The EastmanYDF was constructed specifically to house this populationand opened in 1993.
As of the end of 1995, some 244 young men had enteredthe EastmanYDF since it opened and as of that date, Eastman YDF had a population of 114.

Table 7 Admissions to Eastman YDF

Eastman YDF

Admits Admits Admits Admissions

Sentenced as Adults

Total

244

Data as of Jan. 1996

Weapons At School

When did Georgiapass its law against having weapons at school? This law establishes a zero tolerance for weapons possession around schools. It is part of
Senate Bill 440, a major bill addressing juvenile crime and safety in school, creating violence-free safety zones around schools. These zones are similar to drug-free zones. Incidentsof violence or possessionof weaponswithin these zones are to be punished more severelythan they would be outside these zones.
How many offenders have entered GDC supervision under this law? At the end of 1995,GDC's Researchand StatisticsUnit had identified31 inmates charged
with this crime. In 13 cases, the ' k a p o n s at school" offensewas the most serious offense, although not the only offense. In the other cases, the most seriouscrimes rangedfrom homicide to propertycrimes. Severalcases includedprobation revocationsand drug charges.
By the end of 1995, some 95 offenders who started straight probationhad this offense as their most serious crime.

Data as of Jan. 1996

Planning, Research, and Statistics 3\22/96

Stalking
When did Georgia pass its law against stelking? About half the states in the nationhave now passed lawsagainst stalking. Georgia joined
them by passing Senate Bill 13 during the 1993 Legislative Session. SB13 defines stalking and
aggravated stalking. This law went into effect in July 1993. The bill requires notifmtion of Ule victim when the offender is released from prison and enables the Judge to impose special conditions on the offender includingrequiringa mentalhealthevaluation. How many stalkers have entered GDC supervision since the law passed?
GDC added these crimesto itstable of offenses in late 1993. A total of 271 stalkers have
entered GDC supervisionsince then, 101in 1994 and 170 in 1995.
Table 8 Stalking
Data as of Jan. 1996
Life Without Parole When did Georgiapass its law creating the sentence of Life Mthout Parole? Who can receive this sentence?
House Bill485 creatinga new sentencingoptionof Life Without Parolewas passed during the 1993 Legislative Session. This option may be used in murder cases that would be eligible for the death penalty. Additionally, offenderswith a 'second strike' under SB441will receive sentences of LifeWithout Parole. Personssentenced under this law wil not be eligible for any form of parole unless there is a determinationof innocence. How many offenden sentenced under this law have entered GDC supervision since the lab passed?
By the end of 1995,GDC had 42 offenderswith LifeWithout Parole (LWOP) cases. Two others with LWOPcases died in prisonof naturalcauses. 'Cata as of Jan. 1996
Planning, Research, and Statisti 3/22/96

Life For DrugCrimes
When did Georgiapass its law creating the sentence of Life imprisonmentfor drug crimes? Who can receive this sentence?
In 1980,the Georgia ControlledSubstanceAct was amended to provide imprisonment for Life for the second or subsequent conviction of certain drug crimes. The use of this statute has increased since 1990.
The impositionof life sentences in these cases is not automatic. A ruling in the 1992 case Mays vs. State found that if the State has not specifically informed the defendant, prior to trial, that it intends to seek enhanced punishment (i.e., life sentence) based upon a conviction for a prior offense, the trial court would not be able to impose an enhanced sentence, this requirement holds even if the offense for which the defendant is beingtried is a 'second or subsequent offense."
How many offenden sentenced under this law have entered GDC supervision since the law passed?
As of the end of 1995, GDC had received 500 offenders sentenced to Life for drug crimes. These offenders are mainly young black men (463). There were 29 black women and 8 white men. Most come from small towns (57%) or rural communities (16%). Only 26% come from cities. They come from many different counties; the counties sending fifteen or more are Bartow (15), Bibb (17), Butts (21), Fulton (27), Gwinnett (26), Houston (15), Lamar (17), Newton (lG), Putnam (19),and Walton (19).
Data as of Jan. 1996
Victim Notification
What is GDC's Victim Services Section ? The victim often feels invisible to the Criminal Justice System. Our vision at GDC is to
become a primary partner in a collaborative effort among all criminal justice entities, human service providers, educators and community in effectively and efficiently preventing and reducing crime in the state of Georgia. Since its inception the Victim Services Section has assisted over 1,550victims with information or referrals.
This section also works to provide correctional staff and offenders with a thorough understanding of the impact of crime on victims. The 'Impact of Crime" program confronts offenders and teaches them how these crimes affect victims and their families.
Additionally, over 6,000 students have been presented with the 'Boot Camp Awarenessn program. This program attempts to prevent crime among youth by exposing them to a taste of the regimen and discipline experienced by offenders sentenced to correctionalboot camps.
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

INPRISON DEATHS
How many inmates died in p h o n in 19957 What was their cawe of death? In 1995, 136 offenders died in prison (128 malesand 8 females). Inthe past six years, in
prison deaths have increased from 57 in 1989 to a high of 136 in 1995. Eighty-five percent of the
1995 inmate deaths were natural deaths from age or illness. Of this 85%,nearly half (62 inmates
died of HIV related illness.

Table 9 1996 In-prison Deaths

DeathType ~urnberl %

Natural

4 mi

HIV Related

46%

~ccident
I suicide

11 1%
ld

Data as of Jan. 1996
Phnnlng, Research, a d Statisti W22196

Table 10 HlVRehted Deaths

Year 1990 1991 1992 1 993 1 994 1995 Total

Deaths 17 19 36 43
44
62
221

AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY (LOS) BY CRIME TYPE
How long do most offenders stay inprison? Among the 1995 releases, the average inmate served more than one-third (41%) of his or
her sentence. The system-wide average sentence length for 1995prison releaseswas 4.78
years. The average length of stay in prisonwas twoyears.
How long do violent offenders stay inprison? How about sex offenden? Violent offenders and sex offenders serve a higher percentage of their sentence than most
other inmates. Most violent inmatesserve 50%of their sentences. The system-wide average sentence length for the inmates released in 1995 for violent crimeswas 7.53 years. Their average length of stay was 3.79 years .
Most sex offenders serve 51% of their sentences. The average sentence lengthfor sex offenders released in 1995was 7.22 years. Their average lengthof stay was 3.73 years .
Table 11 1996 Prison Releases By Percent Of Sentence Sewed
How are length o f stay statistics computed? Lengthof Stay statisticsare based on the number of days spent in prison and jail. Years
were computed by dividingnumber of days by 365.25. Offendersadmitted by court admission are counted even if they were released directly from jail. Life and death sentences are computed as 21 years.
Any sentences that would distort the average length of sentence or the average length of stay are excluded. Thus, admissions from probation and parole revocations are excluded as are inmates who went to boot camp. All sentences which were returnedto the court are omitted. Additional exclusionshave been made for personswho have a current escape, or who have time served data which results in erroneous calculations.
Data as of Jan. 1996
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

ESCAPES

How many inmates escaped from Georgia prisons in 19957 There were 81 escapes in 1995. Twentyeight (35%)escaped from county correctional
institutions, 25 (30%) escapes were from state prisonsand 28 (35%)were work-release inmateswho did not returnto transitionalcenters at the appointedtime (AWOL).

How many escapees were recaptured in 19951 There were 82 recaptures in 1995. Not all recapturesare made duringthe year of escape.

How does Georgia compare to the Southeast and national averages on escapes? According to the 1995Comtions Yearbook,Georgia has a lower escape ratio per

.

thousand inmates than most Southeastern states and ranks 351h nationally.

Table 12 SoutheasternStates By 1994 Escape Rate

Has Georgia's escape rate changed in the past fffe years? Yes, Georgia's escape rate has been decreasingsince 1992 and is now less than 3
escapes per 1,000 inmates.
- Table 13 Georgia's Escap Rate, 1991 1996

'Data as d Jan. 1996

Planning, Research, and Statistics

28

wm

OFFENDER DEMOGRAPHICS
What i s the average age o f inmates and probationers? Like citizens in the free world, offenders are aging. The average age of the inmate
population is 32.9 years old; for probationers, the average age is 32.6 years old. As of the end of 1995, GDC had over 7,000 inmatesover the age of 39. GDC Medical
Services reportsthat unhealthy lifestyles, lower economics, drug background, and criminal behavior cause earlier presentation of disease predisposition. They believe these problems are showing as early as 40 years of age. About 1,000 inmates(3%) are age 55 or older.
Although probationersdo not present as much of a medicalburden on the system as do inmates, their health issues are also important. In June 1995, there were over 29,000 probationers over age 39.
Education
What i s the average educationallevelo f inmates? How does this compare to probationers?
Inmates report an average educational level of 1l t h grade, but testing shows that two out of five (42%) of them read below a 6th grade level.
Over half of the probationersreportcompleting 12th grade (54%). There are no reading test scores available for probationers.
MaritalStatus And Children
Are many offenders manied? Do they have children? Most offenders self-report being single, divorced, separated or widowed (72% of inmates
and 75% of probationers). Eighty-ninepercentof the inmates reported having at least one child. Over half of the
probationers (53%) reported having at least one dependent. (Probationers self-report dependents, not just children.)
Substance Abuse Problems
What percentage o f offenders have substance abuse problems? Recent studies indicate that at least 75% of all offenders have substance abuse problems.
About 66% of inmatesself-report having problemswith drugs or alcohol. Substance abuse crimes alone comprise 40% of the probation caseload. Many property crimes are also related to substance abuse.
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3\22/96

Ethnioity & Diversity Among Offenders
Does Georgia have many foreign born offenders i n prison or on probation?
GDC has a small but growing group of foreign born offenders. They present the system with issues caused by cultural differences and language. By the end of 1995. the active inmate populationhad over 500 foreignbornoffenders. The active probationpopulationhad about 3,000 foreign born offenders.
There is an agreement between GDC, the Board of Pardons and Paroles and the
Immigrationand NaturalizationService (INS). Throughthis agreement, foreign born inmateswith INSdetainers can be authorizedfor conditionaltransfer by the Parole Boardand releasedto INS
custody in groups of 25 - 40. GDC processesthe releasesand arranges for INSto assume
custody. Approximately 70 foreign born inmates have been transferred to INS custody since the agreement was signed in June 1995.
W ~ i c hcountries do these fofuign born o m d e n comeb m ? About 3,000 probationers (3,004) are coded as being foreign born. Many of these (529)
also appear to be US citizens born overseas in Germany, Japan or Korea. Many do not have a specific birth country but are simply notedas havingbeenbornin another country (667 or 22%). More than half (53%)of the remaining 1,808probationerswith a specific birth country come from the fwe countries in the table below.
About 100of the 561 foreign borninmatesappear to be children of American armed services personnel(i.e., born in Germany, Japan or Korea). Neadytwo-thirds(65%) of the other foreign born inmatescome from the fve countries in the followingtable.
Table 14 ProbationersBy Country Of Origin Table 16 Inmates By Country Of Origin
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

How many offenders are of Hispanic origin? At the end of 1995, the active probation population had about 1,500 offenders of Hispanic
origin, and the active inmate populationhad 263 inmatesof Hispanicorigin (less than 1%).

Table 16 Hispanic Probationers

Table 17 Hispanic Inmates

How many inmates list something besides English as their primary language? Fewer than 1% of Georgia inmates list something besides English as their primary
language. More than two-thirds of those who do, list Spanish as their primary language. This informationis not available for probationers.
Table 18 English As A Second Language
Data as of Jan. 1996
MEDICAL ISSUES
Whatpercentage of the active inmatepopulation have major medical problems? About five percent (2,000) of the active inmate population have major medical problems.
The 1994 Barrell Medical Study indicatedthat about 95%of inmateswho require medicalbeds need assisted l i n g or extendedcare faciliies. The remaining5%need either acute care or at least infirmary care. Is GDC's smoking policy related to medical costs?
Yes, GDC's smoking policy came partly from a dramatic increase in smoking-related hospital costs. In FY93, GDC's smoking-related hospitalization costs totaled $2,344539. GDC has institutedSmokersAnonymous programsand has made many facilities "tobacco free"; i.e., smoking is allowed outside the facilities only. This seems to be helpingas smoking related hospitalization costs in FY94 decreased slightly to $1,793,543.
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

Does GDC test inmates for HIW? Yes, State law requiresthat all incorninginmates be tested for HIV. Other inmates may be
tested if they requestit or if there is a clinicalreasonfor the test. How manyactive inmates are HIV Posiiive?
As of the end of 1995, about 830 (2%) active inmatestested HIV+. About 80%were black
males. Most came from the Metro Atlanta area. Many were drug users.
Whatpercentageo f the inmatesadmitted in f995 tested HIV+?
About 2.4% of the inmatesadmitted in 1995tested HIV positive. How many inmetes have tested HlVpositive since mandatory HIY testing began?
Over 2,600 inmates havetested positii since testing began in July 1988.
Figure 3 HIV Positive InmateAdmissions Figun4 HN Related l n ~ r i s o Dneaths
Planning, Research, and Statisti 3t22196

CORRECTIONAL BEDSPACE
How much correctional bedspace does GDC have? As of the end of 1995, GM) had 39,415 beds for offenders: 35,659 for inmatesand 3,756 for
probationers.
How many facilities have been opened since January 19927 Between January 1992 and the end of 1995, GDC has opened eleven new prisons, five boot
camps, one facility for dangerous youth transferred from DCYS, one pre-transitionalunit, two parole revocation centers, and one county camp.
The Department has also opened nearly 1,000 additionalbeds for probationviolators.
What does it cost to build a prison bed? Constructionprices for prison beds are dependent on the security level of offenders who will
- use them. Lower security prisoners can live in dormitory settings a less expensive arrangement
than individualcells that hold only one or two offenders.

Category High Security Prison Typical Prison Min. Sec.1Boot Camp Co-Located Boot Camp

Capital Outlay Per New Bed
$55,667
$34,000 $14,850 $10,875

Start-up Costs Per New Bed
$8,4OQ $7,000 $5,500 $4,400

Total Cost Per New Bed
$64,067 $41,000 $20,350 $15,275

+ Capitaloutlay for beds to house Death Sentenceor Life without Parole offenders is
slightly higher (but not significantly) than high security beds.
+ Minimum secuntylBoot Camp bed costs are based on using inmate labor and do not . includecosts for land acquisition, site preparation,or accessto utilities The costs are
based upon open dormitory designs. Approximately 10% can be saved if inmate labor is used in construction.
Constructioncost is only part of the total cast of prison, however. Once a prison is
constnrcted, operating costs per bed per day range from $71 for high security beds to $40 for a
typical prison bed. For a typical prison, this means operating costs of approximately$6 million annually. This breaksdown to between $17,885 and $25,915 per year for an individualoffender depending on the security level.
Data as of Jan. 1996

Planning, Research, and Statlstlcr 3/22/96

A& Inmala. 9.16.31 Ative offender Population,9 Ative Robationen, 9 A&a By CrimeType. 16 Acfmiuion Cohorts, 14.31 Admkdm CrimeType. 16 Admbrion Type. 14 Age. 28 AvrrogcDPilyPopuImbon.9.IS Avenge LengthOf %vice, 26
Avapge Scnlcnce Lm& 26 Avg. ToneOn D a hRow.19
BmenMcdial W y . 30 Booc camp. 17 Boot CunpA ~ Q RIognm. 24
Child Hctiml. I8 Children, 28 Community Savicc, 10 ConsmctionCMU. 32 Correctional Bedspace, 12.32 Cod Per Day. 10.13.32 Cost, UDS. 13 Counbyof Ongh 29 County CI. I2 County Subsidy. 1 3 Court Admiiuioru, 26 Crime Type. 26 CrimeTypc. Ativn. 16 CrimeType. A d m h t i i . 16 CulturalDifferma. 29
DCYS. 22 k&25 DepcndrnU. 28 DivmilyAmongOffendm 29
EuInun YDF. 22 Education,28
Employm. 7 E@h As A Semnd hguage. 30 tenpet. 27 E W t y , 29 Exsutioru. 19
Planning, Research, and Statistics 3l22196

Impad o fCrimeRoenm. 24

IwaKmhhtePer IW,ooo. 9

InrmaeBootCmp, 12

lnnutecaas I3

In-pimDathr.25

lntmriw Robotinooi&pnl ls

(IPS). 10

Jd ~ k I o &9 Jd Subsidy, 13 Jw& Justice Act, 21
luvcnila. 21.22

LMgunge. 30
Life For Drug Crima, 24
life Without Pude.21.23
Lilm 21

Maja Medial Problems, 30 MmitdStlhl*28 MedialIw30

PPok. 21 h o l e RevoutionCmtm, I2 PC. 17 Re-&tionrl Cmler. 12 Rior Gcorgir lncnrccntion, 16
34

Prison Admissions. 14 Prison Releaser. 14.26 P r o b a t i o ~13 Probation Boot C a p s , 13 Probation Case Type. I I Probation Chiefs. 7 ProbationCosrr. 10.13 Probation Detention Cmtm. 13.17 Probation DiversionCenlm. 13 Probation F d t i e s . 9 Probation S W . II Probation TcrminationTfles. I I
ProbationT&tio~, I I Probations financial Contributioru. 10
Probationer Work Contribution,. 10 Property Crimes. 16.26
Race, 7.9.19.3 Rcad~ngLevel 28 Recaptures. 27 ReleaseType. 14 Return-to-prisonRate. 20 RTP. 20 scc Return-To-Prison
SB13 Stalking. 23
SB440 Juvmilc Justice Act 22
SB441.23 Sentence Reform Act ll
S m t c pi 440.. See Weapons At School SentenceReform Act 21 Sentencing Age, 19 Seven Serious Crimes. 21

Scx Crimes. 16,18.26 Smoking Policy, M Split Probation. I I SK395
Sentence Reform Act 21 SlaUon& 23 Stale CI. I2 Stmight Probation I I Substance A b w Crimes. 16.26 SubstanceAbuse Problems,28 Superintmdmts, 7
Transitional Centers, 12 Two-rbikes Legislation 21
UDS Inmates, 19 Under Death Sentence. 13.19
V~ctimNotification. 23.24 Victim Smicw. 24 Violent Crimes. 16.26
Wprdnu. 7 Weapon, At School 22

planning, Research, and Statistics 3/22/96

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