Georgia behavioral risk factor surveillance system 2012 report

The 2012 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
1

Acknowledgements

Georgia Department of Public Health
Health Protection
Epidemiology Program
Chronic Disease, Healthy Behaviors and Injury Epidemiology Section Healthy Behavior

Brenda Fitzgerald, MD Commissioner, State Health Officer
J. Patrick O'Neal, MD Director
Cherie L. Drenzek, DVM, MS State Epidemiologist
Rana Bayakly, MPH Director
Madhavi Vajani, MPH Team Lead

The Georgia Department of Public Health is grateful for the support and contribution of:
Abt SRBI Inc. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Residents of Georgia who agreed to participate in the survey

For more information on the Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, please contact:
BRFSS Coordinator Chronic Disease, Healthy Behaviors and Injury Epidemiology Section Epidemiology Program Division of Health Protection Georgia Department of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, 14th Floor Atlanta, GA 30303-3142 404-657-2588
This report was made possible with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents do not necessarily represent the official view of the CDC.
Suggested citation: Vajani M, Annor F, Sigalo N, Benson AB, Bayakly RA, 2012 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Report. Georgia Department of Public Health Epidemiology Program. Chronic Disease, Healthy Behaviors and Injury Epidemiology Section. July, 2015.

2

Georgia Public Health Districts

Dade Catoosa

Fannin

Whitfield Murray

Towns Union

Rabun

Walker Chattooga

Gordon

UGilmer
1-2 Pickens

UWhite Habersham

Lumpkin 2

Stephens

U1-1

Floyd

Bartow

Dawson Cherokee Forsyth

Hall Banks Franklin Hart

Jackson Madison Elbert

Polk Cobb
U Paulding U U 3-1

Gwinnett 3-4 Barrow

Clarke 10 Oglethorpe

Haralson
UUU Carroll

Douglas 3-2 Fulton

3-5

Walton

DeKalbRockdale

3-3 Clayton Newton

Oconee Morgan

Greene

Wilkes Taliaferro

Lincoln Columbia

Fayette Henry

McDuffie

Coweta Heard
U4
Troup Meriwether

Warren

Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam

Hancock

Richmond

Pike Lamar Monroe

Baldwin
U Jones 5-2

Glascock

U6

Jefferson Washington

Burke

Upson

Harris

Talbot

Bibb

Wilkinson

Crawford

Twiggs

Johnson

Jenkins

1-1 Northwest (Rome) 1-2 North Georgia (Dalton) 2 North (Gainesville) 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton (Jonesboro) 3-4 East Metro (Lawrenceville) 3-5 Dekalb 4 LaGrange 5-1 South Central (Dublin) 5-2 North Central (Macon) 6 East Central (Augusta) 7 West Central (Columbus) 8-1 South (Valdosta) 8-2 Southwest (Albany) 9-1 Coastal (Savannah) 9-2 Southeast (Waycross) 10 Northeast (Athens)
Screven

Muscogee

Taylor

U7
Chattahoochee Marion

Macon

Schley

Stewart Webster Sumter

Quitman

Peach

Emanuel

Houston Bleckley

Laurens Treutlen

Candler Bulloch

Dooly

Pulaski

U5-1
Dodge

Montgomery

Wheeler

Toombs

Evans

Tattnall

Wilcox Crisp

Telfair

Effingham Bryan Chatham

Randolph Terrell Lee

Turner

Ben Hill

Jeff Davis Appling

Liberty
U Long 9-1

Clay Calhoun

Dougherty

Worth

Irwin

Tift

Coffee

Bacon
U9-2

Wayne

McIntosh

Early

U Baker 8-2

Miller

Mitchell

Colquitt

UBerrien Atkinson
Cook 8-1

Seminole Decatur

Grady Thomas Brooks

Lanier Lowndes

Clinch

Pierce Brantley

Glynn

Ware

Charlton

Camden

Echols

3

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... 2

Georgia Public Health Districts.................................................................................................................. 3

BRFSS Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 5

Summary of Results ................................................................................................................................... 6

Demographic Characteristics, State of Georgia ......................................................................................... 7

Health Status Indicators

General Health .............................................................................................................................. 8

No Health Care Coverage ............................................................................................................. 9

Limited Health Care Access........................................................................................................ 10

No Annual Doctor's Visit ........................................................................................................... 11

Disability ..................................................................................................................................... 12

Chronic Conditions

Asthma ........................................................................................................................................ 13

Diabetes....................................................................................................................................... 14

Heart Attack ................................................................................................................................ 15

Stroke .......................................................................................................................................... 16

Angina ......................................................................................................................................... 17

Obesity ........................................................................................................................................ 18

Overweight.................................................................................................................................. 19

Risk Behaviors

Adequate Physical Activity......................................................................................................... 20

No Leisure-Time Physical Activity............................................................................................. 21

Seatbelt Use................................................................................................................................. 22

Smoking ...................................................................................................................................... 23

Smokeless Tobacco..................................................................................................................... 24

Binge Drinking............................................................................................................................ 25

Heavy Drinking ........................................................................................................................... 26

One Drink Per Month.................................................................................................................. 27

Use of Equipment ....................................................................................................................... 28

Clinical Preventive Practices

Adult Immunizations................................................................................................................... 29

Breast Cancer Screening ............................................................................................................. 30

Cervical Cancer Screening .......................................................................................................... 31

Colorectal Cancer Screening....................................................................................................... 32

Bibliography............................................................................................................................................. 33

4

BRFSS Methodology
The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on major chronic conditions, health risk behaviors, and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians.
Sampling: Using list-assisted, random digit dialing, Georgia respondents were randomly selected from the non-institutionalized adult population aged 18 years and older from each household. Trained interviewers administered the questionnaire and participation was voluntary and anonymous. The sample excluded institutionalized individuals and households without telephones. Data came from both respondents who had landline telephones as well as those who mostly use cellular phones.1
Weighting: Iterative proportional fitting, or raking, methodology was used for the 2012 Georgia BRFSS. Raking is a repetitive post-stratification weighting technique used to match the marginal distributions of the survey sample to known population margins. An advantage of raked weighting technique is that it allows for adjustment of probability selection, telephone source (landline or cellular phone), race, ethnicity, education level, marital status, age by gender, gender by race/ethnicity, age by race/ethnicity, and renter/owner status. The goal is to improve sample representation by reducing respondent under-coverage and non-response biases.1
Data Analysis: SAS-callable SUDAAN was used for all data analysis to construct estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results were considered not "statistically different" if the 95% CI associated with the weighted percentages overlapped. A result was considered "statistically significant" (indicating a difference) if there was no overlap in the 95% CI of the percentages being compared. Prevalence estimates exclude those who either answered "don't know/not sure" or refused.
Comparing 2012 BRFSS data to previous years: Comparison between 2012 BRFSS data and years prior to 2011 is not recommended due to the significant changes in methodology. Beginning in 2011, methodological changes have improved the accuracy, coverage, validity, and representativeness of the BRFSS.1 Data from 2011, 2012, and subsequent BRFSS can be used in trend analyses.
5

Summary of Results
Summary
Selected chronic conditions, risk behaviors, and clinical preventive services from the 2012 Georgia BRFSS are shown in the chart below in comparison with median prevalence from 2012 US national BRFSS data, which includes all 50 states, three territories, and Washington, D.C.
Selected Chronic Conditions and Risk Factors, US and GA BRFSS, 2012

Ever Told Stroke Diabetes

2.9 3.3
9.7 9.9

Heart Attack

4.5

4.2

Current Smoking

Obesity (BMI >= 30)

20.4 19.6
29.0 28.1

US Georgia

No Flu Shot in Past Year (65+ Years Old)

60.1

60.1

No Health Care Coverage (18-64 Years Old)

27.3 20.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percent (%)

Stroke In 2012, 3.3% of Georgia adults had ever been diagnosed with stroke. This estimate is slightly higher than the US median prevalence of 2.9%.

Diabetes In 2012, 9.9% of Georgia adults had physician diagnosed diabetes. This estimate is similar to the US median prevalence of 9.7%.

Heart Attack In 2012, 4.2% of Georgia adults had ever been told they have had a heart attack. This estimate is similar to the US median of 4.5%.

Tobacco Use In 2012, 20.4% of Georgia adults were current cigarette smokers. This estimate is slightly higher than the US median prevalence of 19.6%. (HP 2020 Objective - Reduce tobacco use by adults to 12%)

Obesity In 2012, 29% of Georgia adults were obese. This estimate is slightly higher than the US median prevalence of 28.1%. (HP 2020 Objective - Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese to 30.5%)

Flu Vaccine in Past Year In 2012, 60.1% of Georgia adults aged 65 years and older received a flu vaccine in the past year. This estimate is the similar to the US median estimate of 60.1%. (HP 2020 Objective - Increase the percentage of non-institutionalized adults aged 65 years and older who are vaccinated annually against seasonal influenza to 90%)

No Health Care Coverage In 2012, 27.3% of Georgia adults did not have any form of health insurance coverage, which exceeds the US median estimate of 20.4%. (HP 2020 Objective- Increase the proportion of persons with health insurance to 100%)

6

Demographic Characteristics
Demographics
In 2012, there were approximately 7,400,000 adults aged 18 years and older residing in the state of Georgia .2

Approximately 6,100 adults participated in the Georgia BRFSS survey statewide.
Georgia BRFSS respondents were 51.9% female and 48.1% male.
Georgians completing the survey were white non-Hispanic (56.6%), black non-Hispanic (29.8%), and 8.4% Hispanic. Distribution similar to Georgia population.
Approximately 25% of Georgia residents had an annual household income of $75,000 or more.
About 83% of the population had at least a high school diploma and 24.7% had at least a college diploma.

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Sex, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

48

52

40

20

0 Male

Female

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2012

100

80 57
60

40

30

20

8

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

Demographic Characteristics Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate

State Total

(N=6,100)

%

95% CI

48.1

(46.3, 49.9)

51.9

(50.1, 53.7)

56.6

(54.8, 58.4)

29.8

(28.1, 31.5)

8.4

(7.1, 9.7)

13.7

(12.2, 15.2)

17.9

(16.4, 19.5)

18.6

(17.1, 20.0)

19.0

(17.7, 20.3)

15.1

(14.1, 16.1)

15.7

(14.8, 16.6)

15.1

(13.6, 16.5)

20.8

(19.2, 22.4)

11.9

(10.6, 13.1)

13.2

(11.9, 14.5)

14.0

(12.7, 15.3)

25.0

(23.4, 26.5)

16.7

(15.1, 18.2)

29.8

(28.1, 31.4)

28.8

(27.2, 30.5)

24.7

(23.3, 26.0)

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Annual Household Income Level, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40

21

25

20

15

12

13

14

0

Less than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000

$24,999

$34,999

$49,999

$74,999

More

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40

20

14

18

19

19

15

16

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

65+ yr

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40

30

29

25

17 20

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

7

Health Status Indicators
General Health

Self-assessed health status is a measure of how individuals perceive their health rating (excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor). It is a useful indicator of health for a variety of populations and allows for general comparisons.

In 2012, 17.5% of Georgia adults reported that they perceive their health rating as fair or poor.

Adults aged 65 years and older (27.9%) were most likely to report fair or poor general health when compared to other age groups.
Adults with an annual household income less than $25,000 were significantly more likely to report fair or poor general health when compared to adults with an annual household income greater than or equal to $25,000.
Adults without health insurance (23.1%) were significantly more likely to report fair or poor general health when compared to adults with health insurance (12.7%)

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported Fair/Poor General Health, by Annual Household Income Level, Georgia, 2012
40 35
30 30

19 20

10

9

10

5

0

Less than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000

$24,999

$34,999

$49,999

$74,999

More

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported Fair/Poor General Health, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012

40

35

30

26

25

20

20

15 10

10

12

10

5

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

28 65+ yr

The HP 2020 target for self-reporting of fair or poor

physical health is 21.2%.

General Health

Fair/Poor a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

17.5 (16.2, 18.8)

Sex

Male

16.8 (14.8, 18.9)

Female

18.1 (16.5, 19.9)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

16.7 (15.2, 18.4)

Black Non-Hispanic

18.5 (16.1, 21.1)

Hispanic

20.5 (14.8, 27.7)

Age

18-24 yr

9.9 (6.5, 14.6)

25-34 yr

10.2 (7.4, 13.7)

35-44 yr

11.7 (9.0, 15.1)

45-54 yr

20.1 (17.1, 23.4)

55-64 yr

26.3 (23.3, 29.6)

65+ yr

27.9 (25.3, 30.6)

Income

Less than $15,000

34.5 (29.8, 39.5)

$15,000-$24,999

29.5 (25.8, 33.6)

$25,000-$34,999

19.3 (15.3, 23.9)

$35,000-$49,999

9.6 (7.3, 12.5)

$50,000-$74,999

8.8 (6.5, 11.8)

$75,000 or More

5.4 (4.0, 7.4)

Education

Less than High School

38.2 (33.4, 43.3)

High School Graduate

18.8 (16.6, 21.2)

Some College

13.2 (11.2, 15.3)

College Graduate

7.0 (5.8, 8.5)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

12.7 (11.3, 14.3)

No Health Insurance

23.1 (19.6, 27.0)

a The proportion of adults who reported that their health, in general, was fair or poor.

Percent of Adults who reported Fair/Poor General Health, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

<15% 15 to 20% 20 to 25% >=25%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported Fair/Poor General Health, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia, 2012
40

30 23

20 13

10

0

8

Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Status Indicators

No Health Care Coverage

Individuals without health care coverage have decreased access to health care services and usually delay getting needed medical attention.3 Insurance coverage is an important factor in determining whether people will have access to services like screenings, treatment, and health education.4 Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by insufficient coverage.

In 2012, 72.7% of Georgia adults aged 18-64 years reported that they had health care coverage.
Hispanics (52.3%) were significantly more likely not to have health coverage than white non-Hispanics (20.6%) and black non-Hispanics (33%).
Adults aged 55-64 years (16.8%) were significantly less likely not to have health insurance coverage when compared to other age groups.
More than half of adults aged 18-64 years with an annual household income less than $15,000 (56.1%) did not have any form of health care coverage.
Adults with less than a high school education (55.3%) were significantly more likely not to have health care coverage when compared to high school graduates (31.7%), those with some college (24.3%), and college graduates (8.8%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 18-64 years with No Health Care Coverage, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012

100

80

60

52

40

33

21

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

The HP 2020 target for health care coverage among adults is 100%.

No Health Care Coverage a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

27.3

(25.4, 29.3)

Sex

Male

27.8

(24.9, 30.9)

Female

26.9

(24.4, 29.5)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

20.6

(18.4, 23.1)

Black Non-Hispanic

33.0

(29.5, 36.8)

Hispanic

52.3

(43.8, 60.7)

Age

18-24 yr

33.2

(27.4, 39.5)

25-34 yr

33.4

(28.7, 38.5)

35-44 yr

28.0

(23.9, 32.5)

45-54 yr

25.2

(21.8, 28.8)

55-64 yr

16.8

(14.3, 19.6)

Income

Less than $15,000

56.1

(50.1, 61.9)

$15,000-$24,999

49.0

(43.9, 54.1)

$25,000-$34,999

35.4

(29.0, 42.4)

$35,000-$49,999

15.7

(11.3, 21.3)

$50,000-$74,999

10.4

(6.8, 15.6)

$75,000 or More

4.3

(3.0, 6.2)

Education

Less than High School

55.3

(48.9, 61.6)

High School Graduate

31.7

(28.1, 35.6)

Some College

24.3

(21.1, 27.9)

College Graduate

8.8

(6.9, 11.1)

a The proportion 18-64 years old who have no health care coverage,.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 18-64 years with No Health Care Coverage, by Education Level, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

$55

40

$32 $24

20

$9

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Percent of Adults aged 18-64 years with Health Care Coverage, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<65% 65 to 70% 70 to 75% >=75%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 18-64 years with No Health Care Coverage, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2012

100

80

56

60

49

40

35

20

16

10

4

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000

$24,999

$34,999

$49,999

$74,999

More

9

Health Status Indicators
Limited Health Care Access

Limited health care coverage is indicated as: (1) not having a personal doctor or health care provider; and (2) having a time in the past year when one needed to see a doctor but could not due to cost. These indicators are very important to health care due to the fact that increases access to primary care provider have been shown to significantly improve health-related outcomes.

In 2012, 25.3% of Georgia adults did not have a personal doctor or a heath care provider.
Males (32.1%) were significantly more likely not to have a personal doctor when compared to females (18.9%).
Hispanics (52.9%) were significantly more likely not to have a personal doctor when compared to black nonHispanics (27.6%) and white non-Hispanics (19.7%).
Adults without health insurance (59.9%) were significantly more likely not to have a personal doctor when compared to adults with health insurance (17.4%).
In 2012, 19.9% of Georgia adults could not visit a doctor due to costs within the past 12 months.
Hispanics (27.1%) and black non-Hispanics (25.2%) had higher rates of forgoing medical care due to cost when compared to white non-Hispanics (16.1%).
Adults with less than a high school education (33.1%) were about four times more likely to forgo medical care due to cost than college graduates (8.8%).
Adults without health insurance (48.7%) were significantly more likely to forgo medical care due to cost when compared to adults with health insurance (12.7%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have Limited Health Care Access,

by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2012

100

No Doctor's Visit

80

No Personal Doctor

60

$53

40

25.2 $28

27.1

20

16.1 $20

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

The HP 2020 target for those without a usual primary care provider among adults is 16.1%.

No Personal Health

No Health Care

Care Provider a

Due to Cost b

Demographic

Characteristics

% 95% CI

% 95% CI

State Totals

25.3 (23.6, 27.0)

19.9 (18.5, 21.5)

Sex

Male

32.1 (29.4, 35.0)

16.5 (14.4, 18.9)

Female

18.9 (17.1, 20.9)

23.1 (21.2, 25.2)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic 19.7 (17.9, 21.8)

16.1 (14.4, 17.9)

Black Non-Hispanic 27.6 (24.4, 30.9)

25.2 (22.3, 28.4)

Hispanic

52.9 (44.8, 60.9)

27.1 (20.4, 35.0)

Age

18-24 yr

44.0 (37.8, 50.3)

21.4 (16.8, 26.9)

25-34 yr

44.1 (39.1, 49.2)

24.0 (20.1, 28.5)

35-44 yr

26.6 (22.7, 31.0)

22.8 (19.0, 26.9)

45-54 yr

19.5 (16.5, 22.9)

24.4 (21.2, 28.0)

55-64 yr

13.0 (10.8, 15.5)

19.0 (16.3, 22.0)

65+ yr

5.0 (3.8, 6.5)

5.9 (4.6, 7.6)

Income

Less than $15,000

41.3 (36.1, 46.8)

44.0 (38.8, 49.3)

$15,000-$24,999

33.4 (29.2, 37.8)

29.1 (25.3, 33.2)

$25,000-$34,999

26.7 (21.6, 32.5)

25.0 (20.1, 30.7)

$35,000-$49,999

23.3 (18.7, 28.5)

14.5 (11.2, 18.6)

$50,000-$74,999

17.2 (13.3, 21.9)

11.8 (8.6, 15.9)

$75,000 or More

13.6 (11.2, 16.4)

5.0 (3.6, 6.8)

Education

Less than High School 38.5 (33.3, 43.9)

33.1 (28.4, 38.3)

High School Graduate 26.5 (23.5, 29.8)

21.9 (19.1, 24.9)

Some College

24.6 (21.6, 27.8)

19.9 (17.4, 22.7)

College Graduate

15.5 (13.3, 18.0)

8.8 (7.3, 10.6)

Health Insurance

Coverage

Has Health Insurance 17.4 (15.6, 19.4)

12.7 (11.3, 14.3)

No Health Insurance 59.9 (55.6, 64.1)

48.7 (44.3, 53.1)

a The proportion of adults who reported that they did not have anyone that they thought of as

their personal doctor or health care provider b The proportion of adults who reported that they could not see a doctor when needed due to

cost within the past 12 months.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have Limited Health Care Access, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012

100

No Doctor's Visits

No Personal Doctor

80

60 44
40 21
20

44 24

23 27

24 20

19 13

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

65 65+ yr

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have Limited Health Care Access, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia, 2012

100

No Doctor's Visits

No Personal Doctor 80

60

60

49

40

20

13

17

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

10

Health Status Indicators

No Annual Doctor's Visit

Annual doctor's visit serves as a preventive measure that can reduce risk factors for common chronic diseases. By having a visit every year, certain problems can be detected earlier when treatment might be more effective.

In 2012, 28.7% of Georgia adults reported that they have not visited a doctor for a routine checkup within the past 12 months.
Males (32.4%) were significantly more likely than females (25.4%) not to visit a doctor in the past year.
Hispanics (42.4%) were significantly more likely not to visit a doctor in the past year when compared to white nonHispanics (30.4%) and black non-Hispanics (22.5%).
Adults aged 65 years and older (11.3%) were significantly least likely to have not visited a doctor in the past year.
Adults with an income of $15,000 - $24,999 (35.6%) were the most likely to have not visited a doctor in the past year.
More than half of adults who do not have health coverage (53.8%) did not visit a doctor in the past year.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who had No Doctor's Visit Last Year, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012

100

80

60 42

40

30

23

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who had No Doctor's Visit Last Year, by Age, Georgia, 2012
100

80

60

38

41

40

32

27

22

20

11

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

65+ yr

No Doctor's Visit a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

28.7

(27.0, 30.5)

Sex

Male

32.4

(29.7, 35.2)

Female

25.4

(23.3, 27.5)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

30.4

(28.3, 32.6)

Black Non-Hispanic

22.5

(19.6, 25.6)

Hispanic

42.4

(34.3, 51.0)

Age

18-24 yr

37.8

(31.9, 44.1)

25-34 yr

41.1

(36.2, 46.3)

35-44 yr

32.2

(28.1, 36.6)

45-54 yr

27.3

(24.0, 30.8)

55-64 yr

22.2

(19.5, 25.2)

65+ yr

11.3

(9.5, 13.4)

Income

Less than $15,000

34.8

(29.8, 40.2)

$15,000-$24,999

35.6

(31.3, 40.2)

$25,000-$34,999

32.0

(26.6, 37.9)

$35,000-$49,999

28.6

(23.9, 33.9)

$50,000-$74,999

22.8

(18.9, 27.3)

$75,000 or More

22.8

(19.8, 26.1)

Education

Less than High School

34.9

(29.8, 40.3)

High School Graduate

28.8

(25.7, 32.1)

Some College

30.1

(27.1, 33.4)

College Graduate

23.0

(20.6, 25.7)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

23.8

(21.9, 25.9)

No Health Insurance

53.8

(49.3, 58.3)

a The proportion of adults who reported that they did not have a personal doctor.

Percent of Adults who reported having No Annual Doctor's Visit, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

Percent No Annual Doctor's Visit
<24% 24-<27% 27-<30% >=30%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who had No Doctor's Visit Last Year,
by Health Coverage Status, Georgia, 2012
100

80

60

54

40 24
20

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

11

Health Status Indicators
Disability

Disability refers to limitations in activities due to physical, mental, or emotional problems or having health problems that require the use of special equipment. People with disabilities may lack access to health services and medical care.5

In 2012, 20.1% of Georgia adults reported being disabled in any way.
Hispanics (12.7%) were significantly less likely to be disabled when compared to white non-Hispanics (21.8%).
Adults 1ag1e1d1155-64 (31.1%) were most likely to be disabled when compared to adults in other age groups.
Adults with an annual household income less than $15,000 (33.8%) were the most likely to be disabled when compared to adults in other income levels.
Adults with less than a high school education (30.4%) had a significantly higher prevalence of disability when compared to high school graduates (20.4%), adults with some college (19.8%), and college graduates (13.4%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported being Disabled, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012

100

80

60

40

22 20

19

15

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

Percent of Adults who reported being Disabled, by Annual Household Income, Georiga, 2012

100

80

60

40

34

26

20

20

16

16

12

0 Less Than $15,000

$15,000 $24,999

$25,000 $34,999

$35,000 $49,999

$50,000 $74,999

$75,000 or More

Percent (%)

Disability a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

20.1

(18.7, 21.5)

Sex

Male

18.6

(16.7, 20.8)

Female

21.4

(19.6, 23.2)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

21.8

(20.1, 23.6)

Black Non-Hispanic

18.7

(16.2, 21.5)

Hispanic

12.7

(8.4, 18.7)

Age

18-24 yr

8.8

(5.8, 13.2)

25-34 yr

12.7

(9.7, 16.5)

35-44 yr

13.8

(11.0, 17.2)

45-54 yr

25.8

(22.5, 29.5)

55-64 yr

31.1

(28.0, 34.5)

65+ yr

28.2

(25.8, 30.9)

Income

Less than $15,000

33.8

(29.1, 38.8)

$15,000-$24,999

26.0

(22.7, 29.7)

$25,000-$34,999

19.9

(16.1, 24.3)

$35,000-$49,999

15.6

(12.5, 19.3)

$50,000-$74,999

15.5

(12.0, 19.8)

$75,000 or More

12.1

(9.9, 14.6)

Education

Less than High School

30.4

(25.9, 35.3)

High School Graduate

20.4

(18.0, 22.9)

Some College

19.8

(17.4, 22.3)

College Graduate

13.4

(11.5, 15.4)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

18.2

(16.5, 20.0)

No Health Insurance

19.9

(16.8, 23.5)

a The proportion of adults who reported being limited in any activities due to physical,

mental, or emotional problems.

Percent of Adults who reported Disabled, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

Percent Disabled
<22% 22-<24% 24-<26% >=26%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported being Disabled,

100

by Education Level, Georgia, 2012

80

60

40

30

20

20

20

13

0

12

Less than High

High School

Some College College Graduate

School

Graduate

Chronic Conditions
Asthma
Asthma is a lifelong disease that causes wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.6 Most people with asthma can control their symptoms and prevent asthma attacks by avoiding asthma triggers and correctly using prescribed medication.

In 2012, 13% of Georgia adults reported ever having asthma and 8.2% currently have asthma.
Adult females were significantly more likely than males to have ever had asthma (15.4% vs. 10.5%) and to currently have asthma (11% vs. 5.1%).
White non-Hispanics (7.7%) and black non-Hispanics (10.7%) were more likely to currently have asthma when compared to Hispanics (3.4%).
Adults with a household income of less than $15,000 were the most likely to ever had asthma (20.2%) and to currently have asthma (14.4%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had Asthma, by Gender, Georgia, 2012
50 Lifetime Asthma
40 Current Asthma
30

20

11

10

5

15 11

0 Male

Female

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had Asthma, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2012
50

40

Lifetime Asthma

Current Asthma

30

20 12

10

8

0 White Non-Hispanic

16 11
Black Non-Hispanic

7 3
Hispanic

Percent of Adults who have had Asthma, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2012

50

40

30

20

20

14

10

15 11

12 8

Lifetime Asthma Current Asthma

11 5

10 6

11 6

0 Less than $15,000

$15,000$24,999

$25,000$34,999

$35,000$49,999

$50,000$74,999

$75,000 or More

Percent (%)

Demographic Characteristics State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

Lifetime Asthma a

%

95% CI

13.0 (11.8, 14.3)

Current Asthma b

%

95% CI

8.2 (7.3, 9.2)

10.5 (8.8, 12.4) 5.1 15.4 (13.7, 17.2) 11

(4.1, 6.5) (9.7, 12.6)

12.4 (10.9, 14.0) 7.7 (6.6, 9.0) 15.9 (13.4, 18.8) 10.7 (8.8, 13.1) 6.7 (3.8, 11.6) 3.4 (1.7, 6.6)

20.2 (15.3, 26.0) 9.3 12.8 (9.8, 16.6) 7.8 9.7 (7.5, 12.6) 6.6 13.4 (11.2, 16.1) 9.0 12.8 (10.6, 15.3) 9.0 10.6 (9.1, 12.5) 8.0

(6.3, 13.6) (5.5, 10.9) (4.8, 9.0) (7.2, 11.3) (7.2, 11.2) (6.6, 9.6)

20.2 (16.1, 25.0) 14.4 (11.3, 18.3) 14.8 (12.0, 18.1) 10.9 (8.6, 13.8) 12.1 (9.0, 16.2) 7.6 (5.2, 10.9) 10.5 (7.5, 14.4) 4.6 (3.2, 6.6) 9.7 (6.9, 13.3) 5.9 (3.7, 9.4) 10.5 (8.5, 12.9) 5.6 (4.2, 7.5)

17.9 (14.2, 22.3) 12.2 (9.4, 15.7) 11.1 (9.3, 13.2) 7.4 (5.9, 9.1) 13.9 (11.6, 16.7) 8.9 (7.1, 11.0) 11.2 (9.3, 13.3) 5.8 (4.6, 7.3)

12.5 (11.1, 14.1) 7.5 (6.5, 8.7) 16.3 (13.1, 20.0) 10.4 (8.0, 13.5)

Percent of Adults who currently have Asthma, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<7% 7 to 9% 9 to 11% >=11%

13

Chronic Conditions

Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic disease where the body is unable to process glucose, causing blood glucose levels to be higher than normal. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and the sixth leading cause of death in Georgia, and increases the risk for heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental disease, and infections.7

In 2012, 9.9% of Georgia adults reported ever being diagnosed with diabetes by a health care professional.
Black non-Hispanics (11.5%) were more likely to have ever been diagnosed with diabetes than Hispanics (6.6%).
The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among adults aged 65 years and older (24.8%).
Adults with a household income of $15,000-$24,999 (12.5%) were more likely to ever have diabetes than adults with an income of $75,000 or more (6%).
Adults with less than a high school education (14.4%) were significantly more likely to ever have diabetes when compared to individuals with some college education (9%) and college graduates (7.2%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012

30
25
20
15 10
10
5
0 White Non-Hispanic

12 Black Non-Hispanic

7 Hispanic

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012

30 25
25 19
20

15

10

10

4

5

2

2

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

65+ yr

Diabetes a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

9.9

(9.1, 10.8)

Sex

Male

9.8

(8.5, 11.2)

Female

10.0

(8.9, 11.2)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

9.8

(8.8, 10.9)

Black Non-Hispanic

11.5

(9.7, 13.5)

Hispanic

6.6

(4.0, 10.7)

Age

18-24 yr

1.5

(0.5, 4.1)

25-34 yr

1.8

(0.9, 3.5)

35-44 yr

4.4

(2.8, 6.7)

45-54 yr

9.6

(7.8, 11.9)

55-64 yr

18.7

(16.1, 21.7)

65+ yr

24.8

(22.3, 27.5)

Income

Less than $15,000

11.3

(8.9, 14.2)

$15,000-$24,999

12.5

(10.4, 15.1)

$25,000-$34,999

14.0

(10.8, 17.8)

$35,000-$49,999

9.8

(7.5, 12.8)

$50,000-$74,999

7.6

(5.8, 9.9)

$75,000 or More

6.0

(4.6, 7.6)

Education

Less than High School

14.4

(11.7, 17.6)

High School Graduate

10.6

(9.0, 12.4)

Some College

9.0

(7.5, 10.7)

College Graduate

7.2

(6.0, 8.5)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

7.6

(6.6, 8.7)

No Health Insurance

5.9

(4.4, 7.8)

a The proportion of adults who have physician-diagnosed diabetes. Adults with pre-diabetes

or diabetes only during pregnancy are not considered to have diagnosis of diabetes.

Percent of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

<8% 8 to 10% 10 to 12% >=12%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes, by Education Level, Georgia, 2012

30

25

20

14

15

11

9

10

7

5

0

Less than High High School Some College College Graduate

School

Graduate

14

Chronic Conditions

Heart Attack

Heart attack, also called myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a section of the heart muscle becomes blocked. Risk factors for heart attack include high blood cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, smoking, lack of physical activity and obesity.8

In 2012, 4.2% of Georgia adults had ever been told that they have had a heart attack.
Adult males (5.5%) were significantly more likely to have had a heart attack when compared to females (3%).
Adults aged 65 years or older (12%) were significantly more likely to have had a heart attack when compared to other age groups.
Adults with a household income of $15,000-$24,999 (5.7%) were most likely to have had a heart attack.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012
15

10

5

5

4

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

3 Hispanic

Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012
15 12

10 8

5
0 0
18-24 yr

0 25-34 yr

2 35-44 yr

4 45-54 yr

55-64 yr

65+ yr

Percent (%)

Demographic Characteristics State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

Heart Attack a

%

95% CI

4.2

(3.6, 4.8)

5.5

(4.6, 6.6)

3.0

(2.4, 3.6)

4.7

(4.1, 5.5)

3.5

(2.6, 4.7)

3.1

(1.3, 7.0)

0.0

(0.0, 0.3)

1.7

(0.8, 3.6)

4.3

(2.9, 6.2)

7.8

(6.2, 9.8)

12.0 (10.3, 13.9)

5.2

(3.8, 7.2)

5.7

(4.4, 7.5)

5.4

(3.5, 8.5)

2.9

(1.8, 4.4)

2.6

(1.5, 4.2)

2.6

(1.8, 3.6)

6.4

(4.8, 8.7)

4.9

(3.9, 6.1)

3.8

(2.9, 5.0)

2.3

(1.7, 3.0)

2.9

(2.3, 3.7)

2.3

(1.4, 3.8)

Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<3% 3 to 5% 5 to 7% >=7%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had Heart a Attack, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2012
15

10

5

6

5

5

3

3

3

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000

$24,999

$34,999

$49,999

$74,999

More

15

Chronic Conditions

Stroke

Stroke is the result of a blocked artery or a ruptured artery that prevents blood flow to the brain. Stroke is the fourth leading cause of

death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Georgia and can cause significant disability, such as paralysis, speech

difficulties, and emotional problems.9
In 2012, 3.3% of Georgia adults reported ever being told by a health professional that they had a stroke.
Black non-Hispanics (4.3%) were more likely to have ever had a stroke when compared to white non-Hispanics (3%) and Hispanics (2.1%).
Adults of age 65 years or older (9.5%) were most likely to have ever had a stroke.
Adults with household income less than $15,000 (6.3%) were most likely to have ever had a stroke.
Adults with less than a high school education (6.3%) were most likely to have ever had a stroke when compared to high school graduates (4.1%), those with some college (2.3%), and college graduates (1.4%).

Percent of Adults who have ever had a Stroke, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012
15

Percent (%)

10

5

3

4

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

2 Hispanic

Demographic Characteristics State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

Stroke a

%

95% CI

3.3

(2.8, 3.8)

3.2

(2.5, 4.2)

3.3

(2.7, 4.0)

3.0

(2.4, 3.6)

4.3

(3.2, 5.9)

2.1

(0.9, 5.2)

0.6

(0.1, 2.3)

1.0

(0.4, 3.0)

0.4

(0.1, 1.8)

2.6

(1.6, 4.2)

6.2

(4.6, 8.2)

9.5

(7.7, 11.5)

6.3

(4.3, 9.2)

5.4

(4.0, 7.2)

2.8

(1.7, 4.4)

2.5

(1.3, 4.5)

0.7

(0.3, 1.3)

1.4

(0.8, 2.3)

6.3

(4.5, 8.8)

4.1

(3.1, 5.3)

2.3

(1.7, 3.0)

1.4

(0.9, 2.2)

1.9

(1.4, 2.5)

2.8

(1.7, 4.4)

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had Stroke, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012
15

10

6

5 3

1

1

0

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

10 65+ yr

Percent of Adults who have ever had a Stroke, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<3% 3 to 4% 4 to 5% >=5%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had Stroke, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2012
15

10

6

5

4

2

1

0 Less than High

High School

Some College College Graduate

16

School

Graduate

Chronic Conditions
Angina

Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle is not getting enough blood. Angina may feel like pressure or a

squeezing pain in the chest. The pain may also occur in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back, and it may feel like indigestion.10

Angina a

In 2012, 4.5% of Georgia adults reported ever being told by a health professional that they have angina or coronary heart disease.

Demographic Characteristics

%

State Totals

4.5

Sex

Male

5.6

95% CI (4.0, 5.2)
(4.7, 6.7)

Female

3.5

(2.9, 4.3)

Adult males (5.6%) were significantly more likely to have had angina when compared to adult females (3.5%).

Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic

5.5

(4.7, 6.4)

4.0

(2.9, 5.4)

Hispanics (1.0%) were significantly least likely to have had angina when compared to black non-Hispanics (4.0%) and white non-Hispanics (5.5%).

Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr

1.0

(0.4, 2.6)

0.3

(0.0, 2.0)

0.4

(0.1, 1.3)

Adults aged 65 years and older were significantly most likely to have had angina (14%) when compared to other age groups.

35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr

1.5

(0.6, 3.5)

4.2

(2.8, 6.3)

7.8

(6.2, 9.9)

14

(12.0, 16.2)

Income Less than $15,000

7.6

(5.4, 10.5)

Percent of Adults who have ever had Angina, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012

$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999

5.2

(4.0, 6.8)

5.1

(3.4, 7.5)

4.0

(2.8, 5.9)

$50,000-$74,999

4.3

(2.7, 6.8)

15

$75,000 or More

2.4

(1.6, 3.4)

Percent (%)

10

6

5

4

Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate

7.3

(5.4, 9.9)

4.2

(3.4, 5.3)

4.9

(3.8, 6.3)

2.6

(2.0, 3.3)

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

1 Hispanic

Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

3.0

(2.3, 3.8)

2.4

(1.5, 3.9)

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had Angina, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012

15

14

10 8

5

4

2

0

0

0

18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

65+ yr

Percent of Adults who have ever had Angina, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<4% 4 to 6% 6 to 8% >=8%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had Angina, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia, 2012
15

10

5

3

2

0

Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

17

Chronic Conditions
Obesity

Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2. Obesity increases the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, high cholesterol, gallbladder disease and some types of cancers.11

In 2012, 29% of Georgia adults were obese.
Adult females (30.4%) were more likely to be obese than males (27.6%).
Black non-Hispanics (36.4%) were significantly more likely to be obese when compared to white non-Hispanics (26.2%).
Adults with an age of 18-24 years (14.2%) were least likely to be obese when compared to adults of age 25 or older.
Adults who are college graduates (23.1%) were least likely to be obese when compared to any other education category.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Obese, by Gender, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40

28

30

20

0 Male

Female

Percent of Adults who were Obese, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012
100
80

The HP 2020 target for obesity among adults is 30.5%. The

current prevalence among Georgia adults meets this goal.

Obese a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

29.0

(27.4, 30.7)

Sex

Male

27.6

(25.1, 30.2)

Female

30.4

(28.3, 32.6)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

26.2

(24.3, 28.2)

Black Non-Hispanic

36.4

(33.1, 39.9)

Hispanic

29.1

(21.9, 37.4)

Age

18-24 yr

14.2

(10.3, 19.2)

25-34 yr

30.4

(25.7, 35.4)

35-44 yr

31.9

(27.8, 36.4)

45-54 yr

33.5

(29.9, 37.3)

55-64 yr

36.0

(32.6, 39.5)

65+ yr

25.4

(23.0, 28.0)

Income

Less than $15,000

32.5

(27.8, 37.5)

$15,000-$24,999

33.0

(28.9, 37.3)

$25,000-$34,999

32.8

(27.8, 38.2)

$35,000-$49,999

27.6

(23.2, 32.6)

$50,000-$74,999

27.6

(23.5, 32.2)

$75,000 or More

25.3

(22.3, 28.6)

Education

Less than High School

28.4

(24.0, 33.4)

High School Graduate

32.6

(29.5, 35.9)

Some College

30.8

(27.7, 34.1)

College Graduate

23.1

(20.7, 25.7)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

29.7

(27.6, 31.8)

No Health Insurance

30.4

(26.4, 34.7)

a The proportion of adults whose BMI was greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2.

Note: Body mass index, BMI, is defined as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared.

Percent of Adults who were Obese, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

Percent (%)

60

40

26

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

36 Black Non-Hispanic

29 Hispanic

<65% 65 to 70% 70 to 75% >=75%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Obese, by Education Level, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40

28

33

31

23

20

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

18

Chronic Conditions
Overweight

Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2. Being overweight increases poor health

outcomes such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease, and cancer.12
Overweight a

In 2012, 35.3% of Georgia adults were overweight.
Adult males (41.1%) were significantly more likely to be overweight than females (29.7%).
Hispanics (39.1%) were more likely to be overweight when compared to white non-Hispanics (36.3%) and black nonHispanics (32.4%).
Adults with an annual income of $35,000-$49,999 (39.6%) were most likely to be overweight when compared to adults from any other annual household income category.
Adults with an age of 18-24 years (26.3%) were least likely to be overweight when compared to adults of age 25 or older.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Overweight, by Gender, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

41

40

30

20

0 Male

Female

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

35.3

(33.6, 37.1)

Sex

Male

41.1

(38.3, 43.9)

Female

29.7

(27.6, 31.8)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

36.3

(34.2, 38.4)

Black Non-Hispanic

32.4

(29.2, 35.9)

Hispanic

39.1

(30.9, 48.0)

Age

18-24 yr

26.3

(21.1, 32.3)

25-34 yr

33.1

(28.4, 38.1)

35-44 yr

36.5

(32.1, 41.1)

45-54 yr

36.4

(32.8, 40.2)

55-64 yr

39.1

(35.8, 42.6)

65+ yr

39.5

(36.6, 42.5)

Income

Less than $15,000

30.6

(25.9, 35.8)

$15,000-$24,999

33.9

(29.8, 38.1)

$25,000-$34,999

35.8

(30.5, 41.4)

$35,000-$49,999

39.6

(34.7, 44.8)

$50,000-$74,999

39.1

(34.5, 44.0)

$75,000 or More

37.2

(33.7, 40.8)

Education

Less than High School

35.0

(30.0, 40.3)

High School Graduate

37.5

(34.3, 40.9)

Some College

33.1

(30.0, 36.2)

College Graduate

35.4

(32.6, 38.4)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

34.4

(32.2, 36.7)

No Health Insurance

34.9

(30.7, 39.3)

a The proportion of adults whose BMI was between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2 .

Note: Body mass index, BMI, is defined as weight (kg) divided by height

(m) squared.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Overweight, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40

31

34

36

40

39

37

20

0

Less than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000

$24,999

$34,999

$49,999

$74,999

More

Percent of Adults who were Overweight, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<32% 32 to 36% 36 to 40% >=40%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Overweight, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012
100

80

60

40

33

37

36

39

40

26

20

0

19

18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr

Risk Behaviors
No Leisure-Time Physical Activity

Leisure-time physical activity helps improve overall health and fitness, and reduces the risk for many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, colon and breast cancers, and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps to maintain body weight, healthy bones, muscles, and joints, reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life.14

In 2012, 23.6% of Georgia adults were physically inactive during leisure time within the past month.
Adult females (25.7%) were significantly more likely than males (21.3%) to be physically inactive.
Adults with an income of $75,000 or more (10.5%) were significantly least likely to be physically inactive.
Adults with a less than high school education (39.9%) were significantly more likely to be physically inactive when compared to high school graduates (27.4%), adults with some college (20.4%), and college graduates (11.5%).
Adults with health insurance (19.9%) were significantly less likely to be physically inactive when compared to adults without health insurance (26.1%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported No-Leisure Time Activity, by Gender, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40 21

26

20

0 Male

Female

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported No Leisure-Time Activity, by Income Level, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40

34

30

32

18

17

20

11

0

less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

The HP 2020 target for adults who engage in no leisure-time physical

activity is 32.6%. The current prevalence among Georgia adults

meets this goal.

No Leisure-Time Physical Activity a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

23.6

(22.2, 25.1)

Sex

Male

21.3

(19.1, 23.6)

Female

25.7

(23.9, 27.6)

Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic

22.7

(21.0, 24.5)

Black Non-Hispanic

24.4

(21.6, 27.3)

Hispanic

26.2

(19.8, 33.8)

Age 18-24 yr

17.3

(13.2, 22.2)

25-34 yr 35-44 yr

17.6

(13.9, 21.9)

17.3

(14.2, 20.8)

45-54 yr

25.6

(22.4, 29.0)

55-64 yr

31.0

(27.8, 34.3)

65+ yr

34.4

(31.8, 37.2)

Income Less than $15,000

33.8

(29.1, 38.8)

$15,000-$24,999

30.1

(26.5, 33.9)

$25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999

31.6

(26.8, 36.8)

18.1

(14.8, 21.9)

$50,000-$74,999

17.3

(14.0, 21.1)

$75,000 or More

10.5

(8.6, 12.8)

Education Less than High School

39.9

(35.1, 44.9)

High School Graduate

27.4

(24.7, 30.3)

Some College

20.4

(18.1, 23.1)

College Graduate

11.5

(9.8, 13.3)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

19.9

(18.2, 21.8)

No Health Insurance

26.1

(22.6, 30.0)

a The proportion of adults who reported not participating in any leisure-time physical

activities or exercises during the past month.

Percent of Adults who reported No Leisure-Time Physical Activity,
by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

<17.7% 17.7 to 22.1% 22.2 to 28% >=28%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported No Leisure-Time Activity, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia, 2012

100

80

60

40

26

20

20

0

Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

20

Risk Behaviors
Seatbelt Use
Seatbelt use reduces serious injuries and deaths in motor vehicle crashes by 50%.15 In 2009, about 12,000 more injuries would have been prevented and about 450 more lives saved if all states had primary enforcement seat belt laws.15 Georgia's seat belt law states that while the passenger vehicle is being operated on a public road, street or highway, each occupant in the front seat of a passenger vehicle should be restrained by a seat safety belt approved under federal motor vehicle safety standard 208.16

In 2012, 87.5% of Georgia adults reported always using a seatbelt when they are driving or riding in a car.
Females (90.9%) were significantly more likely to always use a seatbelt when compared to males (83.7%).
Adults aged 18-24 years (79.7%) were least likely to always use a seatbelt when compared to all other age groups.
Adults identified as college graduates (91%) were more likely to always use a seatbelt when compared to adults with lower levels of education.
Adults with health coverage (88.3%) were significantly more likely to always use a seatbelt when compared to those without health coverage (83.2%).
The HP 2020 target for seatbelt use is 92.4%.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Always Use a Seatbelt, by Gender, Georgia, 2012

100

84

80

60

40

20

0 Male

91 Female

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Always Use a Seatbelt, by Age Group Georgia, 2012

100 80

85

87

90

91

90

80

60

40

20

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr

Always use a Seatbelt a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

87.5

(86.1, 88.7)

Sex

Male

83.7

(81.4, 85.8)

Female

90.9

(89.3, 92.3)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

87.3

(85.6, 88.9)

Black Non-Hispanic

87.4

(84.6, 89.8)

Hispanic

87.4

(81.2, 91.7)

Age

18-24 yr

79.7

(74.1, 84.4)

25-34 yr

85.0

(80.7, 88.4)

35-44 yr

87.4

(83.9, 90.2)

45-54 yr

89.8

(86.9, 92.1)

55-64 yr

91.3

(89.1, 93.1)

65+ yr

90.3

(88.2, 92.1)

Income

Less than $15,000

87.5

(83.4, 90.6)

$15,000-$24,999

83.9

(79.9, 87.3)

$25,000-$34,999

87.3

(82.4, 91.1)

$35,000-$49,999

84.5

(80.0, 88.2)

$50,000-$74,999

88.7

(84.8, 91.7)

$75,000 or More

90.9

(88.4, 92.9)

Education

Less than High School

84.3

(79.7, 88.0)

High School Graduate

85.3

(82.5, 87.7)

Some College

88.4

(85.9, 90.5)

College Graduate

91.0

(89.1, 92.6)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

88.3

(86.6, 89.8)

No Health Insurance

83.2

(79.3, 86.5)

a The proportion of adults who always or nearly always use a seatbelt while driving or

riding in a car.

Percent of Adults who always use Seatbelt, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Always Use a Seatbelt, by Level of Education Georgia, 2012

100

84

80

60

40

20

0 Less than High School

85
High School Graduate

88

91

Some College College Graduate

21

Risk Behaviors
Smoking

Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States.17 Smoking is associated with deaths related

to cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.18 About 10.1% of deaths among Georgia adults are linked to smoking.18

In 2012, 20.4% of Georgia adults were current cigarette smokers and 21.1% were former smokers.
Adult males (23.5%) were significantly more likely to currently smoke cigarettes than females (17.4%).
Adults with an annual income of less than $15,000 (33.3%) were more likely to currently smoke cigarettes than those with an annual income of $15,000 or greater.
Adults with less than a high school education (36.1%) were significantly more likely to currently smoke cigarettes when compared to high school graduates (22.2%), those with some college (19.8%), and college graduates (8.7%).
Adults with health insurance (17.5%) were significantly less likely to currently smoke when compared to adults without health insurance (35.9%).
The HP 2020 target for prevalence of current cigarette smokers is 12%.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Gender, Georgia, 2012
50

40

30

24

20

17

10

0 Male

Female

Current Smoker a

Former Smoker b

Demographic

Characteristics

% 95% CI

% 95% CI

State Totals

20.4 (18.9, 22.0)

21.1 (19.8, 22.5)

Sex

Male

23.5 (21.1, 26.2)

25.8 (23.6, 28.1)

Female

17.4 (15.7, 19.3)

16.8 (15.4, 18.3)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic 21.4 (19.5, 23.4)

25.7 (24.0, 27.6)

Black Non-Hispanic 19.3 (16.6, 22.5)

13.9 (11.7, 16.3)

Hispanic

19.4 (13.3, 27.4)

17.8 (12.7, 24.4)

Age

18-24 yr

22.3 (17.5, 27.9)

5.8 (3.4, 9.7)

25-34 yr

24.9 (20.7, 29.7)

12.5 (9.4, 16.5)

35-44 yr

21.5 (17.8, 25.7)

15.3 (12.5, 18.7)

45-54 yr

23.2 (20.0, 26.7)

21.8 (18.9, 25.0)

55-64 yr

19.4 (16.6, 22.5)

30.3 (27.2, 33.7)

65+ yr

9.9 (8.0, 12.3)

41.6 (38.7, 44.5)

Income

Less than $15,000

33.3 (28.4, 38.7)

21.2 (17.3, 25.6)

$15,000-$24,999

27.1 (23.3, 31.3)

16.5 (14.0, 19.3)

$25,000-$34,999

22.8 (18.2, 28.2)

20.3 (16.7, 24.4)

$35,000-$49,999

20.7 (16.4, 25.7)

25.2 (21.1, 29.8)

$50,000-$74,999

14.9 (11.4, 19.4)

23.7 (20.2, 27.5)

$75,000 or More

10.9 (8.7, 13.4)

24.0 (21.0, 27.1)

Education

Less than High School 36.1 (31.1, 41.5)

21.9 (18.2, 26.0)

High School Graduate 22.2 (19.5, 25.1)

21.3 (18.9, 23.9)

Some College

19.8 (17.1, 22.8)

21.1 (18.8, 23.7)

College Graduate

8.7 (7.2, 10.5)

20.5 (18.3, 22.9)

Health Insurance

Coverage

Has Health Insurance 17.5 (15.7, 19.3)

18.9 (17.2, 20.6)

No Health Insurance 35.9 (31.7, 40.4)

13.5 (10.9, 16.6)

a The proportion of adults who reported that they had smoked at least 100 cigarettes (5

packs) in their life and they currently smoke cigarettes, either every day or on some days. b The proportion of adults who reported that they had smoked at least 100 cigarettes (5

packs) in their life but do not currently smoke.

Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2012

50

40

36

30

22

20

20

9 10

Percent of Adults who currently Smoke Cigarettes, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<17% 17 to 20% 20 to 23% 23 to 26% >=26%

Percent (%)

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Household Income, Georgia, 2012

50

40

33

30

27

23

21

20

15

11

10

0

22

Less than $15,000- $25,000- $35,000- $50,000- $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Risk Behaviors

Smokeless Tobacco

Smokeless tobacco is known to cause cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas, and should not be considered a safe substitute for smoking cigarettes.19 The two main types of smokeless tobacco sold in the United States are chewing tobacco and snuff.

In 2012, 4.1% of Georgia adults reported using smokeless tobacco.
Adult males (6.9%) were significantly more likely to use smokeless tobacco compared to females (1.5%).
White non-Hispanics (5.2%) were significantly more likely to use smokeless tobacco when compared to black non-Hispanics (2.3%).
A higher proportion of adults with a household income of less than $15,000 (5.3%) used smokeless tobacco.
Adults with less than high school education (6.1%) were significantly more likely to use smokeless tobacco when compared to college graduates (1.7%).

Percent of Adults who used Smokeless Tobacco, by Gender, Georgia, 2012
15

Percent (%)

10 7
5
0 Male

2 Female

The HP 2020 target for smokeless tobacco use is 0.3%.

Demographic Characteristics State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

Smokeless Tobacco Use a

%

95% CI

4.1

(3.4, 4.9)

6.9

(5.6, 8.5)

1.5

(1.0, 2.1)

5.2

(4.2, 6.5)

2.3

(1.6, 3.5)

3.7

(1.7, 8.0)

5.0

(2.9, 8.7)

4.4

(2.6, 7.2)

4.4

(2.8, 6.8)

3.9

(2.7, 5.7)

3.2

(2.2, 4.6)

3.6

(2.6, 4.9)

5.3

(3.2, 8.7)

3.9

(2.5, 5.9)

4.4

(2.7, 7.0)

4.8

(2.6, 8.5)

4.9

(3.0, 7.8)

2.9

(1.9, 4.3)

6.1

(4.0, 9.3)

4.8

(3.5, 6.6)

4.0

(2.9, 5.6)

1.7

(1.1, 2.7)

4.0

(3.1, 5.0)

4.8

(3.2, 7.1)

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who use Smokeless Tobacco, by Race/Ethnicitiy, Georiga, 2012
15

10
5 5
0 White Non-Hispanic

2 Black Non-Hispanic

4 Hispanic

Percent of Adults who used Smokeless Tobacco, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<2% 2 to 4% 4 to 6% >=6%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who used Smokeless Tobacco, by Education Level, Georgia, 2012
15

10

6

5

5

4

2

0

Less than High High School Some College College Graduate

School

Graduate

23

Risk Behaviors
Binge Drinking

Binge drinking is linked to unintentional injuries (falls, car crashes), intentional injuries (sexual assault, domestic violence), alcohol poisoning, liver disease, and neurological damage.20 Binge drinking is defined as consuming five or more drinks per occasion for men or four or more drinks per occasion for women at least once in the previous month.

In 2012, 14.4% of Georgia adults engaged in binge drinking.

Adult males (19.4%) were significantly more likely than females (9.8%) to engage in binge drinking.
More young adults aged 18-24 (21.5%) and 25-34 (24.3%) reported binge drinking than any other age groups.
Adults with an annual household income of $35,000$49,999 (18.2%) were the most likely to engage in binge drinking.
The HP 2020 target for binge drinking is 24.4%. The current prevalence among Georgia adults meets this goal.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Binge Drinking, by Gender, Georgia, 2012
40

30
19 20
10 10

0 Male

Female

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Binge Drinking, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012
40

30

24

22

20

15

13

8 10

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

4 65+ yr

Binge Drinking a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

14.4

(13.1, 15.8)

Sex

Male

19.4

(17.1, 21.9)

Female

9.8

(8.4, 11.4)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

16.3

(14.5, 18.2)

Black Non-Hispanic

12.1

(9.7, 14.8)

Hispanic

11.3

(6.9, 18.0)

Age

18-24 yr

21.5

(16.7, 27.1)

25-34 yr

24.3

(20.1, 28.9)

35-44 yr

14.8

(11.9, 18.3)

45-54 yr

13.1

(10.6, 16.2)

55-64 yr

8.4

(6.4, 10.9)

65+ yr

4.0

(3.0, 5.4)

Income

Less than $15,000

13.8

(10.4, 18.0)

$15,000-$24,999

14.3

(11.1, 18.1)

$25,000-$34,999

11.4

(7.9, 16.0)

$35,000-$49,999

18.2

(14.2, 23.2)

$50,000-$74,999

14.3

(10.8, 18.7)

$75,000 or More

16.2

(13.5, 19.2)

Education

Less than High School

13.9

(10.1, 18.8)

High School Graduate

13.9

(11.5, 16.7)

Some College

14.4

(12.0, 17.1)

College Graduate

15.4

(13.2, 17.9)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

16.3

(14.5, 18.1)

No Health Insurance

16.7

(13.3, 20.6)

a The proportion of adults who reported drinking 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more

drinks for women per occasion at least once in the previous month.

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Binge Drinking, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

<12% 12 to 15% 15 to 18% >=18%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Binge Drinking, by Household Income, Georgia, 2012
40

30

20 14

14

18

14

16

11

10

0

Less than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

24

Risk Behaviors
Heavy Drinking

Heavy drin1king is defined as consuming more than two drinks per day for males and more than one drink per day for females. Excessive alcohol use is the third leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the United States and has been associated with cirrhosis of the liver, high blood pressure, stroke, and can increase the risk for motor vehicle accidents, injuries, violence, and suicide.21

In 2012, 5.1% of Georgia adults engaged in heavy drinking.
White non-Hispanics (6.4%) were significantly more likely to be engaged in heavy drinking when compared to Hispanics (1.1%).
Adults aged 18 to 24 years of age (6.8%) were the most likely to engage in heavy drinking when compared to any other age groups.
Heavy drinking is more prevalent among adults with an annual household income of $50,000-$74,000 (7.7%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Heavy Drinking, by Race/Ethnicitiy, Georiga, 2012
30

20

10

6

0 White Non-Hispanic

4 Black Non-Hispanic

1 Hispanic

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Heavy Drinking, by Age Group, Georgia 2012
30
20

Heavy Drinking a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

5.1

(4.3, 5.9)

Sex

Male

5.7

(4.5, 7.2)

Female

4.4

(3.5, 5.6)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

6.4

(5.3, 7.7)

Black Non-Hispanic

3.8

(2.7, 5.5)

Hispanic

1.1

(0.3, 4.0)

Age

18-24 yr

6.8

(4.4, 10.4)

25-34 yr

5.7

(3.7, 8.8)

35-44 yr

4.1

(2.8, 6.1)

45-54 yr

6.0

(4.2, 8.5)

55-64 yr

4.2

(3.0, 5.7)

65+ yr

3.8

(2.8, 5.2)

Income

Less than $15,000

5.7

(3.7, 8.6)

$15,000-$24,999

5.3

(3.4, 8.2)

$25,000-$34,999

3.8

(2.1, 6.7)

$35,000-$49,999

5.5

(3.6, 8.3)

$50,000-$74,999

7.7

(5.2, 11.4)

$75,000 or More

4.9

(3.7, 6.4)

Education

Less than High School

5.8

(3.5, 9.5)

High School Graduate

5.3

(4.0, 7.1)

Some College

4.6

(3.4, 6.2)

College Graduate

4.9

(3.8, 6.2)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

4.9

(4.0, 5.9)

No Health Insurance

6.7

(4.6, 9.7)

a The proportion of adults who reported drinking 2 or more drinks for males or 1 or more drinks for women per day.

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Heavy Drinking, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

Percent (%)

10

7

6

4

6

4

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

4 65+ yr

<4% 4 to 6% 6 to 8% >=8%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Heavy Drinking, by Income, Georgia 2012
30

20

10

6

5

4

6

8

5

0

Less Than $15,000- $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

25

Risk Behaviors
At Least One Drink per Month
Those categorized as having at least one drink per month have consumed either a 12-ounce beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a drink with one shot of liquor within the past 30 days.

In 2012, 47.8% of Georgia adults consumed at least one alcoholic drink within the past month.
Adult males (55.3%) were significantly more likely than females (40.9%) to consume at least one drink within 30 days.
White non-Hispanics (50.9%) were significantly more likely than black non-Hispanics (44.2%) and Hispanics (39.6%) to consume at least one drink within 30 days.
Adults with college degrees (63.5%) were significantly more likely to consume at least one drink per month when compared to adults of lower education levels.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Consumed at Least One Drink per Month, by Gender, Georgia, 2012
100

80

60

55

41

40

20

0 Male

Female

Percent of Adults who Consumed at Least One Drink per Month, by Race/Ethnicitiy, Georiga, 2012

100

80

60

51

44

40

40

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

Percent (%)

Demographic Characteristics State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

At Least One Drink per Month

%

95% CI

47.8

(46.0, 49.6)

55.3

(52.4, 58.1)

40.9

(38.7, 43.2)

50.9

(48.7, 53.1)

44.2

(40.7, 47.8)

39.6

(31.8, 47.9)

48.8

(42.5, 55.2)

56.1

(51.0, 61.1)

51.5

(47.0, 56.0)

52.1

(48.3, 55.9)

44.3

(40.9, 47.8)

31.7

(29.1, 34.5)

37.7

(32.6, 43.1)

39.5

(35.3, 44.0)

41.2

(35.7, 46.8)

52.3

(47.1, 57.4)

51.4

(46.5, 56.3)

65.5

(61.9, 68.9)

33.4

(28.4, 38.8)

41.6

(38.3, 45.0)

48.7

(45.3, 52.1)

63.5

(60.7, 66.3)

53.4

(51.1, 55.7)

44.0

(39.6, 48.6)

Percent of Adults who Consumed at Least One Drink per Month, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
<30% 30 to 40% 40 to 50% >=50%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Consumed at Least One Drink per Month, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2012

100

80 64

60

49

42

40

33

20

0

Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

26

Risk Behaviors
Use of Equipment
Use of equipment such as a cane, a wheelchair, a special bed, or a special telephone can make everyday tasks easier and improve the overall quality of life for those with health problems or disabilities.

In 2012, 7.9% of Georgia adults reported using equipment due to a health problem or disability.
Hispanic adults (2.3%) were significantly less likely than Black non-Hispanics (9.5%) or white non-Hispanics (8.1%) to use equipment.
Use of equipment increases with age. Adults of age 65 or older (19.4%) are significantly more likely to use equipment than any younger age category.
Adults with less than a high school education (15.4%) were significantly more likely to use equipment when compared to adults with higher levels of education.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who use Equipment, by Race/Ethnicitiy, Georiga, 2012

30

25

20

15

10

10

8

5

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

2 Hispanic

Percent of Adults who use Equipment, by Age Group, Georgia, 2012

30

25

20 14
15 10
10

5

0

1

3

0

18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

19 65+ yr

Percent (%)

Demographic Characteristics
State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

Use of Equipment

%

95% CI

7.9

(7.1, 8.7)

7.9

(6.7, 9.2)

7.9

(6.9, 8.9)

8.1

(7.1, 9.1)

9.5

(7.8, 11.4)

2.3

(1.0, 5.2)

0.4

(0.1, 2.8)

1.3

(0.5, 3.1)

2.8

(1.7, 4.6)

9.8

(7.7, 12.3)

14.2

(11.9, 16.9)

19.4

(17.2, 21.8)

14.5

(11.6, 17.9)

10.8

(8.9, 13.1)

8.5

(6.3, 11.5)

4.5

(3.1, 6.4)

4.7

(3.1, 7.3)

3.5

(2.6, 4.8)

15.4

(12.5, 18.7)

7.8

(6.5, 9.2)

6.5

(5.3, 7.9)

4.7

(3.7, 6.0)

6.3

(5.4, 7.4)

4.3

(3.1, 6.0)

Percent of Adults who reported Using Equipment, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

Percent Use of Equipment
<7% 7 to 10% 10 to 13% >=13%

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who use Equipment, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2012

30

25

20

15

15

10

5

0 Less than High School

8
High School Graduate

7 5
Some College College Graduate

27

Clinical Preventive Practices

Adult Immunizations

Adult immunizations against influenza and pneumococcal disease are important preventative measures against morbidity and mortality for adults aged 65 years and older since they are at high risk of developing complications from the diseases.30 From 1976 to 2007, there was an estimated annual average of 5,546 (87.9%) influenza-associated deaths among adults 65 years and older.31

Percent (%) Percent (%)

In 2012, 60.1% of Georgia adults aged 65 and older had a seasonal flu vaccine within the past year.
White non-Hispanics (64.1%) were significantly more likely to receive the seasonal flu vaccine when compared to black non-Hispanics (43.6%).
The HP 2020 target for influenza immunization in adults aged 65 years and older is 90%
In 2012, 66.2% of Georgia adults aged 65 and older have ever had the pneumonia vaccine.

Females (71.5%) were significantly more likely to receive the pneumonia vaccine when compared to males (58.9%).
White non-Hispanics (70.6%) were significantly more likely to receive the pneumonia vaccine when compared to black nonHispanics (52.8%).
Adults with an annual household income of $75,000 or more (58.8%) were the least likely to receive the pneumonia vaccine
The HP 2020 target for pneumonia immunization in advualtcscaingee.d 65 years and older is 90%

Percent of Adults aged 65+ years who recieve Vaccinations, by Race/Ethnicity, Georiga, 2012

100

80

71

64

60

40

Flu Vaccine In Past Year Pneumonia Vaccine
53 44

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Influenza

Pneumonia

Vaccinea

Vaccine b

Demographic

Characteristics

% 95% CI

% 95% CI

State Totals

60.1 (57.2, 62.9)

66.2 (63.2, 69.0)

Sex

Male

57.8 (52.9, 62.6)

58.9 (53.7, 63.9)

Female

61.8 (58.3, 65.2)

71.5 (68.2, 74.6)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic 64.1 (61.0, 67.1)

70.6 (67.5, 73.5)

Black Non-Hispanic 43.6 (36.0, 51.6)

52.8 (44.7, 60.7)

Hispanic

NA

NA

NA

NA

Income

Less than $15,000

59.7 (50.7, 68.1)

65.5 (56.3, 73.7)

$15,000-$24,999

54.7 (48.0, 61.3)

67.2 (60.7, 73.2)

$25,000-$34,999

55.5 (47.6, 63.1)

62.4 (54.4, 69.9)

$35,000-$49,999

64.4 (55.7, 72.2)

69.3 (59.1, 77.8)

$50,000-$74,999

65.3 (57.1, 72.7)

72.8 (64.5, 79.7)

$75,000 or More

62.0 (53.9, 69.5)

58.8 (50.5, 66.7)

Education

Less than High School 56.6 (49.6, 63.4)

64.6 (57.6, 71.1)

High School Graduate 62.8 (57.9, 67.6)

66.2 (60.8, 71.3)

Some College

56.5 (50.7, 62.0)

67.1 (61.3, 72.4)

College Graduate

65.4 (60.1, 70.4)

66.9 (61.6, 71.7)

a The proportion of adults 65+ years that had a seasonal flu vaccine within the past year. b The proportion of adults 65+ years that have ever had a pneumonia vaccine

Percent of Adults aged 65+ years who recieve Vaccinations, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2012

100

80

65

60

57

63 66

67 57

Flu Shot in Past Year Pneumonia Shot
65 67

40

20

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Percent of Adults aged 65+ years who had the Flu Vaccine, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

Percent of Adults aged 65+ years who had the Pneumonia Vaccine, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

<50% 50 to 55% 55 to 60% >=60%

<60% 60 to 65% 65 to 70% >=70%

28

Clinical Preventive Practices

Breast Cancer Screening

Breast cancer screening means checking a woman's breast for cancer before there are signs or symptoms of the diseases.

Mammograms help screen for breast cancer by detecting for tumors or lumps using X-rays imaging. Women between 50-74 years

old should get mammograms once every 2 years.22 Breast cancer screening for women 40 to 49 years old should be determined by a

doctor.22

In 2012, 81.8% of Georgian women aged 50-74 years have had a mammogram in the past two years.
Among women 50 to 74 years of age: Black non-Hispanic women (88.6%) were significantly

The HP 2020 target for breast cancer screening in adults aged 50 to 74 years old is 81.1%. in past two years.

Demographic Characteristics State Totals

Mammogram 50-74 in Past 2 Years a

%

95% CI

81.8

(79.4, 84.0)

more likely than white non-Hispanic women (79.3%) to have had a mammogram in the past two years. Women with an annual household income of less than $15,000 (71.7%) were least likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years. Women with less than high school education (73.1%) were the least likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years when compared to women with higher education levels. Women with health care coverage (84.5%) were significantly more likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years when compared to women without health care coverage (58.3%).

Percent of Females who have had a Mammogram in the Past 2 Years, by Health Care Coverage, Georiga, 2012

100

81

85

80

40-64 Years Old 50-74 Years Old

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

79.3

(76.3, 82.0)

Black Non-Hispanic

88.6

(84.4, 91.8)

Hispanic

NA

NA

Age

35-44 years

NA

NA

45-54 years

79.7

(73.9, 84.4)

55-64 years

79.3

(75.5, 82.6)

65-74 years

87.9

(84.7, 90.5)

Annual Income

Less than $15,000

71.7

(62.6, 79.3)

$15,000-$24,999

76.5

(70.3, 81.8)

$25,000-$34,999

86.2

(79.1, 91.2)

$35,000-$49,999

87.5

(81.6, 91.6)

$50,000-$74,999

80.4

(72.7, 86.3)

$75,000 or More

85.9

(80.6, 90.0)

Education

Less than High School

73.1

(64.6, 80.2)

High School Graduate

81.8

(77.5, 85.4)

Some College

84.2

(79.7, 87.9)

College Graduate

84.3

(80.0, 87.7)

Health Insurance

Coverage

Has Health Insurance

84.5

(81.4, 87.2)

No Health Insurance

58.3

(49.3, 66.8)

a The proportion of women aged 50+ years who had a mammogram within the past 2 years.

Percent (%)

60

58

Percent of Females aged 50-74 years who have had a Mammogram

45

in the Past 2 years, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

40
Percent Mammogram
20

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Percent (%)

Percent of Females who have had a Mammogram in the Past 2 Years, by Level of Education, Georiga, 2012

100

80

66

60

53

40

20

0 Less than High School

78 70
High School Graduate

77 82

40-64 Years Old 50-74 Years Old
80 84

Some College College Graduate

29

Clinical Preventive Practices
Cervical Cancer Screening

Cervical cancer screening is one of the most effective ways to prevent cervical cancer. Current recommendations for cervical cancer screening states that Pap testing should begin at 21 years of age. Women aged 21-29 years should have a Pap test every 3 years and women aged 30-65 years can have Pap and HPV co-testing every 5 years or just a pap test alone every 3 years. Women aged 65 years or older with adequate screening history or women who had a total hysterectomy should not be screened.24

In 2012, 79.1% of Georgia women aged 21-65 years reported having a Pap test within the past 3 years.
White non-Hispanic women (77.0%) were less likely to have had a Pap test in the past 3 years than other race/ethnicity groups.
Woman with an annual household income of less than $15,000 (60.7%) were the least likely to have had a Pap test in the past 3 years.
Women with less than high school education (56.6%) were less likely to have had a Pap test in the past 3 years compared to college graduates (88.6%).
Woman with health care coverage (85.5%) were significantly more likely to have had a Pap test in the past 3 years than women without health care coverage (63.2%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Females aged 21-65 years who had a Pap Test in the Past 3 Years, by Race/Ethnicitiy, Georiga, 2012

100

84

77

79

80

60

40

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

The HP 2020 target for cervical cancer screening in adults aged

18 to 65 years old is 93% in the past 3 years.

Pap Test in Past 3 Years a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

79.1

(76.4, 81.7)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

77.0

(73.2, 80.4)

Black Non-Hispanic

83.8

(79.0, 87.7)

Hispanic

78.9

(67.2, 87.2)

Age

21-24 years

83.4

(77.4, 88.1)

25-34 years

82.0

(76.5, 86.4)

35-44 years

78.0

(71.9, 83.1)

45-54 years

75.3

(70.1, 79.8)

55-65 years

64.8

(48.4, 78.3)

Annual Income

Less than $15,000

60.7

(52.3, 68.5)

$15,000-$24,999

72.5

(65.0, 78.9)

$25,000-$34,999

78.1

(68.3, 85.5)

$35,000-$49,999

87.7

(81.7, 91.9)

$50,000-$74,999

82.6

(72.6, 89.5)

$75,000 or More

90.9

(87.0, 93.7)

Education

Less than High School

56.6

(45.5, 67.1)

High School Graduate

78.7

(73.8, 83.0)

Some College

78.8

(73.2, 83.5)

College Graduate

88.6

(85.6, 91.1)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

85.5

(82.8, 87.9)

No Health Insurance

63.2

(56.5, 69.5)

a The proportion of adult females aged181-65 years who have had a Pap test within the past

three years.

Percent (%)

Percent of Females aged 21-65 years who had a Pap Test in the Past 3 Years, by Level of Education, Georiga, 2012

100
80 57
60
40
20
0 Less than High School

79
High School Graduate

89 79
Some College College Graduate

Percent of Females aged 21-65 years who have had a Pap Test in the Past 3 years, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012
Percent Pap Test

Percent (%)

Percent of Females aged 21-65 years who had a Pap Test in the Past 3 Years, by Health Care Coverage, Georiga, 2012

100

86

80 63
60

40

20

0

30

Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Clinical Preventive Practices

Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colorectal cancer affects both men and women, particularly those aged 50 years and older.28 Screening can find precancerous polyps (abnormal growths in the colon or rectum) so they can be removed before turning cancerous. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends colorectal cancer screening for men and women aged 5075 years using high-sensitivity fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) every year, sigmoidoscopy every five years, or colonoscopy every ten years.29

In 2012, 68.6% of Georgia adults aged 50-75 years met the recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.

Hispanics aged 50-75 years old (60.5%) were least likely to meet recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.
Adults aged 65 years or older (81.3%) were significantly most likely to meet the recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.
Adults aged 50-75 years old with an annual household income of $50,000 to $74,999 (77.8%) were more likely to meet recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.
Adults aged 50-75 years old with less than a high school education (56.4%) were significantly less likely to meet colorectal cancer screening recommendations when compared to those who are high school graduates (65.3%), some college (72.8%) and college graduates (75.9%).
Adults aged 50-75 years old without health care coverage (36.9%) were significantly less likely to meet colorectal cancer screening recommendations when compared to those with health care coverage (69.8%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 50-75 years who met Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations, by Race/Ethnicitiy,
Georiga, 2012

100

80

70

60

40

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

65 Black Non-Hispanic

61 Hispanic

The HP 2020 target for colorectal cancer screening in

adults aged 50 to 75 years old is 70.5%.

Colorectal Cancer Screening a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

68.6

(66.3, 70.8)

Sex

Males

69.0

(65.4, 72.4)

Females

68.3

(65.3, 71.1)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

70.2

(67.6, 72.6)

Black Non-Hispanic

65.2

(60.1, 70.0)

Hispanic

60.5

(43.3, 75.5)

Age

50-54 years

51.8

(46.6, 57.1)

55-64 years

70.9

(67.6, 74.0)

65-75 years

81.3

(78.2, 84.0)

Annual Income

Less than $15,000

53.2

(45.8, 60.5)

$15,000-$24,999

58.1

(52.0, 64.0)

$25,000-$34,999

68.2

(60.8, 74.9)

$35,000-$49,999

68.2

(60.8, 74.7)

$50,000-$74,999

77.8

(72.3, 82.4)

$75,000 or More

77.3

(72.9, 81.1)

Education

Less than High School

56.4

(49.6, 63.0)

High School Graduate

65.3

(61.0, 69.4)

Some College

72.8

(68.5, 76.7)

College Graduate

75.9

(72.2, 79.3)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

69.8

(66.6, 72.7)

No Health Insurance

36.9

(30.0, 44.4)

a The proportion of adults aged 50 to 75 years who have had a blood stool test ever year,

sigmoidoscopy every five years, or colonoscopy every ten years.

Adults aged 50-75 years who met the colorectal screening recommendations, by Public Health District, Georgia, 2012

Percent Colorectal Screening

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 50 to 75 years who met Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations, by Annual Household
Income, Georiga, 2012

100

78

77

80

68

68

60

53

58

40

20

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

31

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33