Manual of the General Assembly, 1898-1899

r o yQCUvis
NOV 25 1898 F
THE LIBRARY Olf THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
MANUAL
OF THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
189899
G
er
Vssrn p
E
PREPARED UNDER JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
THE GENERAL LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
STATE LIBRARY GIFT 1938
ATLANTA GA
Geo y Harrison State Printer Franklin Printing and Publishing Company 1898
THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORGIA

yz7

NOV 1 8 1943
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE OF GEORGIA
ALLEN D CANDLER Governor
J W WARREN
C M iiitch 1 Secretaries Executive Department
MARY M NAGLEClerk Executive Department
MARK A CANDLER1 Private Secretary
JOHN M KELLAdjutantGeneral K P B G
PHILIP COOK Secretary of State
WILLIAM A WRIGHT ComptrollerGeneral
WILLIAM J SPEER Treasurer
J M TERRELL AttorneyGeneral
G R GLENN State School Com missioner
O B STEVENS Commissioner of Agriculture W S YEATE T1 State Geologist
PRISON COMMISSION
J S TURNER Chairman
CLEMENT A EVANS
THOS EASON
J C MOORE Warden
DOUGLAS GLESSNER Secretary
BENJ HOBSON PEARSON Transfer Guard
RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS

MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF
THE SENATE OF GEORGIA
1898 and 1899
President
WILLIAM A DODSON 13th District Americus President Pro Tempore
J RENDER TERRELL 36th District Greenville Secretary
OHAS S NORTHEN Atlanta
Assistant Secretary
CHAS P HANSELL Thomasville
Journal Cleric
GUERRY BRANNON Georgetown Messenger
FLYNN HARGETT Hardema Doorkeeper
R E WILSON Dalton
ft
6
First DistrictChatham Bryan and Effingham
A N GROVENSTEINGuyton Ga
Second DistrictLiberty Tattnal and McIntosh WILLIAM CLIFTON Darien Ga
Third DistrictWayne Pierce and Appling
J R DOWLING Avant Ga
Fourth DistrictGlynn Camden and Charlton
RUFUS S LANG Satilla Bluff Ga
Fifth DistrictCoffee Ware and Clinch
R G DICKERSONHomerville Ga
Sixth DistrictEchols Lowndes and Berrien
W S WEST Valdosta Ga
Seventh DistrictBrooks Thomas and Colquitt
W SHUMPHREYSQqitman Ga
Eighth DistrictDecatur Mitchell and Miller
J L HANDPelham Ga
Ninth DistrictEarly Calhoun and Baker
R B ODOM Newton Ga
Tenth DistrictDougherty Lee and Worth
E L WIGHTAlbany Ga
Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph and Terrell
T C SUTTON Moye Ga
Twelfth DistrictStewart Webster and Quitman
A P PASSMORE Preston Ga
Thirteenth DistrictSumter Schley and Macon
W A DODSON Americus Ga
Fourteenth DistrictDooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge MARK T HODGE Hawkinsville Ga
Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Telfair and Irwin
E K WILCOXLumber City Ga
Sixteenth DistrictLaurens Emanuel and Johnson
R J MOYE Wrightsville Ga
Seventeenth DistrictScreven Bulloch and Burke
J A BRANNEN Statesboro Ga
Eighteenth DistrictRichmond Glascock and Jefferson WILLIAM LITTLE Louisville Ga
Nineteenth DistrictTaliaferro Greene and Warren COLUMBUS HEARDSiloam Ga
Twentieth DistrictBaldwin Hancock and Washington WILLIAM RAWLINGSSandersville Ga
Twentyfirst DistrictTwiggs Wilkinson and Jones
J S WOOD Irwinton Ga
Twentysecond DistrictBibb Monroe and Pike
J F REDDING Barnesville Ga
Twentythird DistrictHouston Crawford and Taylor
AW E STEED Butler Ga
Twentyfourth DistrictMuscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
LEONIDAS McLESTER Ousseta Ga
Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Upson and Talbot
J H MoGEHEE Talbatton Ga
Twentysixth DistrictSpalding Butts and Fayette
S T BLALOCK Fayetteville Ga
Twentyseventh DistrictNewton Walton Clarke Oconee and
Rockdale
B E THRASHER Watkinsville Ga
Twentyeighth DistrictJasper Putnam and Morgan s T WingfieldEatonton Ga
Twentyninth DistrictWilkes Columbia McDuffie and Lincoln M W GROSS Thomson Ga
Thirtieth DistrictOglethorpe Madison and Elbert
GEO 0 DANIEL Danielsville Ga
Thirtyfirst DistrictHart Habersham and Franklin
M T PERKINS Olarkesville Ga
Thirtysecond DistrictWhite Dawson and Lumpkin
J W H UNDERWOOD Cleveland Ga
Thirtythird DistrictHall Banks and Jackson
J K THOMPSONJ Homer Ga
Thirtyfourth DistrictGwinnett DeKalb and Henrv gg M MORRISON 1Decatur Ga
Thirtyfifth DistrictClayton Cobb and Fulton
K T NESBITT Marietta Ga
Thirtysixth DistrictCampbell Coweta Meriwether Douglas J RENDER TERRELLGreenville Ga
Thirtyseventh DistrictCarroll Heard and Troup
W J DAVIS JR Frolona Ga
Thirtyeighth DistrictHaralson Polk and Paulding
W 0 BUNN Gedartown Ga
Thirtyninth DistrictMilton Cherokee and Forsyth
W J WEBBCanton Ga
Fortieth DistrictUnion Towns and Rabun MB W J GREENClayton Ga
Fortyfirst DirtrictPickens Fannin and Gilmer
THOS R JOHNSONBlue Ridge Ga
Fortysecond DistrictBartow Floyd and Chattooga
R T FOUCHB Rome Ga
Fortythird DistrictMurray Gordon and Whitfield
ON KINGSpring Place Ga
Fortyfourth DistrictWalker Dade and Catoosa
W E MANN Ringgold Ga
Standing Committees of the Senate
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE SENATE
COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE Hon Wm Little Chairman
Davis Nesbitt
Daniel Passmore
Dowling Rawlings
Gross Sutton
Grovensteine Thompson
Hand Wilcox
Johnson Webb
Moye Wood
COMMITTEE ON AUDITING
Hon W J Webb Chairman Morrison Clifton
Gross
COMMITTEE ON Hon S T
Hand
Brannen
Bunn
Dickerson
Grovensteine
Johnson
Mann
A P PROPRIA TIONS
Blalock Chairman
Morrison
Moye
Odom
Steed
Sutton
Rawlings
Thrasher
Webb
12
COMMITTEE ACADEMY OF THE BLIND
Hon M T Perkins Chairman
Dr W J Green Rawlings
Brannen O Steed
Heard Sutton
Hodge Thrasher
Moye Thompson
Redding Wingfield
COMMITTEE ON BANKS
Hon J L Hand Chairman
Blalock Passmore
Daniel Redding
Dowling Terrell
Hodge Webb
Lang Wight
McLester
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
Hon W S Humphreys Chairman
Morrison Perkins
Branpen Thrasher
Hodge West
Mann Wingfield
Odom
COMMITTEE ON CORPORATIONS
IIon W S West Chairman
Terrell Perkins
Dowling Redding
Humphreys Thrasher
Little i
13
COMMITTEE ON ENGROSSING
Hon Columbus Heard Chairman
Wingfield Odom
McGehee Steed
COMMITTEE ON ENROLLMENT
Hon C N King Chairmau
Bunn Morrison
Brannen Nesbitt
Dickerson
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION Hon R T Nesbitt Chairman
Thrasher McGehee
Blalock Perkins
Clifton Rawlings
Davis Redding
Hand Steed
Heard Terrell
Hodge West
Little Wilcox
Mann W ood
14
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Hon E L Wight Chairman
West Little
Blalock McGehee
Bunn McLester
Clifton Nesbitt
Hand Redding
Heard Terrell
Hodge Underwood
Humphreys Wingfield
Fouch King West
COMMITTEE ON GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR DEAF AND DUMB Hon J S Wood Chairman
Bunn McLester
Dowling Morrison
Fouch Passmore
Green Rawlings
Grovensteine Sutton
King Webb
Mann Wilcox
Moye V
COMMITTEE GEORGIA SANITARIUM
Hon Wm Rawlings Chairman
Daniel McGehee
Blalock Passmore
Clifton Perkins
Davis Underwood
Green Wight
Gross Wingfield
Grovensteine Wood
Hodge
15
COMMITTEE ON HYGIENE AND SANITATION Hon W J Green Chairman
Daniel Rawliijgs Thrasher Wood
COMMITTEE ON INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Hon R B Odom Chairman
Hodge Heard Lang Moye Passmore
COMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND LABOR Hon J W H Underwood Chairman
Wilcox Davis Daniel Green Gross Sutton Thompson
COMMITTEE ON JOURNAL H6n S T Wingfield Chairman
Underwood Davis Gross Wilcox
COMMITTEE GENERAL JUDICIARY Hon R T Fouch Chai rman
Steed Brannen Clifton Dickerson Humphreys Hodge McGehee McLester Mann Morrison Perkins Redding Terrell West Wingfield VA i
16
COMMITTEE ON SPECIAL JUDICIARY
Hon John F Redding Chairman
Humphreys Lang
Bunn Odom
Gross Thrasher
Heard Underwood
King
COMMITTEE ON MILITARY
Hon Wm Clifton Chairman
Wight Mann
Blalock Odom
Fouch Terrell
Grovensteine Webb
Humphreys
COMMITTEE ON MINES AND MINING
Hon W E Mann Chairman
Underwood King
Johnson Webb
COMMITTEE ON MANUFACTURES Hon W C Bunn Chairman
Dowling
Hand
Little
Sutton
Wilcox
17
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC ROADS Hon Leonidas McLester Chairman
Little Johnson
Davis Nesbitt
Gross Passmore
Hodge Sutton
COMMITTEE ON PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Hon Mark T Hodge Chairman
King
Moye
Nesbitt
COMMITTEE ON PENITENTIARY Hon R G Dickerson Chairman
Mann McLester
Clifton Lang
Daniel Passmore
Davis Perkins
Dowling Sutton
Green Thompson
Grovensteine Webb
Heard Wood
Johnson Wilcox
Lan g Daniel Heard Johnson

18
COMMITTEE ON PENSIONS Hon W M Morrison Chairman
Nesbitt Blalock Dickerson Gross Humphreys Hodge Little Lang McLester Odom Rawlings Terrell Thompson Wight Wilcox
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LIBRARY Hon B E Thrasher Chairman
Grovensteine McGehee Redding Steed
COMMITTEE ON PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR Hon J K Thompson Chairman
Sutton Underwood Webb
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC PRINTING Hon Rufus Lang Chairman
Daniel Bunn Hodge Moye Thrasher
19
COMMITTEE PUBLIC PROPERTY HALLS AND COMMITTEE ROOMS
Hon Daniel Chairman
Johnson Webb
Green Wood
Passmore
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Hon W E Steed Chairman Dickerson Kiner
O
Johnson Sutton
Odom Wight
Grovensteine
COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS
Hon W J Davis Jr Chairman
Heard
Perkins
COMMITTEE ON RULES
President W A Dodson exofficio Chairman
Humphreys Little
Fouch Redding
West
Sutton Odom Braunen
20
COMMITTEE ON RAILROADS Hon J A Brannen Chairman
Wight Daniel Dickerso Hand Little Mann McLester Morrison Perkins Rawlings Steed Terrell Thompson Wingfield
COMMITTEE ON STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Hon J Render Terrell Chairman
McLester Davis Lang Mann McGehee Morrison Webb
COMMITTEE ON TEMPERANCE
Wingfield Brannen Fouch Green Heard Little Mann Hon J H McGhee Chairman Nesbitt Passmore Redding Thrasher Thompson Webb Wilcox









THE PRESIDENT
Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend Discretion irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may dent681 deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the Presi when dent shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless shallvtk the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote
Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at thegenatwto same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to883dS
PrOCeed President
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Presi President dent unless otherwise ordered by the Senate committee
Rule 5 The method of stating the question or any moMethod of tion by the President shall be as follows ie All in favor of1168 the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No dentf681 And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is x had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result
Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting President name any Senator to perform the duties of he Chair dur Senators ing any part of that sitting but no longer to preside
24
Duty of Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall
Secretary in e
when be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and it
President 7 x x 1
is absent both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call
the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro
tempme shall be elected which said election shall be the
first business of the Senate The President pro tempore
thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the
first named officers when his functions shall cease
when no Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a per
appea1sn sonal character there shall be no debate
Appeals to Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall
oncef e atbe made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after
other business has intervened from the time of the alleged
error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be
made
Power of Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend
forIuldpend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect dinate offi of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the satne to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises
when Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the mayprder galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Mesanieiobbies sender and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate
No quorum Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject dutyof under consideration by the Senate the President may order President door 0f the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators
calledby the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and if any Senator present then refu es to vote unless excused such refusal shall be when deemed a contempt of the Senate
mray order Ruie 13 The President may at any time order the roll
vote taken
by yeas caned on anv question and take the vote by yeas and nays And nays
m
where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted
Rule 14 All questions as to to priorty of business beDecision acted on shall be decided by the President without debate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate jdtut oi or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his16 spat and respectfully address himself to Mr President
He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If an Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if Appeals appealed to decide and if the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding teu dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled Elpulalon trom the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which firule 17 said vote shall be taken by ayes and nays
If any Senator be called to order for words nxpeptioa spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writ ing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the ones ipn of order shall be decided and such other proceedings la as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words werespoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from silence private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat
26
desfnat Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other torsfena when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent
shall not Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the
vote when
interested result of which he is personallv interested and in every
in result 1
case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken
Protests Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds ol such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any member thereof
Duty while Rule 21 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a anataci Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the journment me 0f adjournment leave his seat until the President reMatters tires
insenatelg Rule 22 No Senator shall in debate refer to any pri
Commit i oi
tees and Vate conversation had with another Senator or to any matprivate
tonVnoTto ers which have transpired in any committee or in the
be referred genate
Applause Rule 23 Applause or hisses in the Senate chamber or in forbidden the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed durfnbate Rule 24 During the calling or reading of ayes and nays yesand on any question no debate shall be had only one Rule 25 No Senator can make more than one motion at hemade ata timeand while the motion is being put to the Senate he a ime must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President
Expiana Rule 26 No Senator having asked and obtained leave of the Senate to explain his vote on any question before the Senate shall be allowed more than ten minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the Senate
27
Rule 27 When the reading of any paper is called for Reading of
i i pApcrs
and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 28 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting Motion to must be made before the Senate divides or before the call whCenSe of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided
Excuses
without debate except that the Senator making the motion g may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 29 Any one Senator may call for a division of thecaiifor question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admitdmsiOD of it
Rule 30 The Senator calling for a division must state Division into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire
bills and resolutions
Rule 31 All bills and resolutions shall be called in theBisand order in which they stand on the calendar and before readtiffin118 ing any bill or resolution the second or third time therder Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced
Rule 32 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at Question the first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill reading be committed or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the secretary and the bill shall not be amended thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favEffect of orable to the passage of the bill the same shall be read a reporfof second time and passed to a third reading without question CmmIttee vnere the report of a committee is adverse to the passage Commute
28
of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate
Rule 33 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the House oil the day of the passage thereof unless a majority of the Senators present shall so order
Rule 34 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto
Rule 35 All bills and resolutions shall be written or toSbeinnsprinted and shall have the name of the Senator introducwritmg the same as well as the district he represents indorsed
How in on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same
Rule 36 Where a bill ora resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate
Transmission to House by majority vote
Bills when printed
Bills and
Reports of committees order of action
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
order of Rule 37 When any subject is before the Senate for
precedence eongeratjon or under debate nomotion shall be received except the following to wit
1st A motion to adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amende
Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named
29
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Rule 33 A motion to adjourn is in no instance de abfeden batable nor shall said motion be made a second time untilnewed further progress has been made in the business before the Senate
Rule 39 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or agitable for a particular time is debatable
Rule 40 The motion to adjourn can be made at any when time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
Rule 41 A motion to adjourn may be made after the ordfer4 motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate hasbeen had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 42 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form Effect of
1 adjourn
prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day ormenttime in course
Rule 43 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed Hour of adby a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the whatusiSenate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session pones08 shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
30
Amend MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
ment or
eannoTbe Rule 44 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute
laid on ta Qn shall be iu order
How mat Rule 45 A majority of a quorum voting may take
tersmaybe
taken from trom the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table
when re Rule 46 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
bietorbatv Rule 47 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor
amenda ie m0ti0n to take from the table is debatable or amendable
behtabiedn Rule 48 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again
when in Rule 49 Amotion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
Effect of Rule 50 The motion for the previous question shall be
previous 1 1
question decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
31
Rule 51 When the previous question has been ordered Tnutes the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question fowtdual without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule
Rule 52 After the main question is ordered any Sen votehow
ator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote
or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions Yeas and J j j 1 nays One
on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of one necesfifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the Journal
Rule 53 The effect of the order that the main ques Effect of
main ques
tion be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pendtum being
ing questions in the order in which they stood before it
was moved
Rule 54 After the main question has been ordered no Recnsid
1 eration
motion to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote onrhdeein the main question is taken and announced
Rule 55 In all cases of contested election where there contested
election
is a majority and a minority report from the committee on privileges and elections5 if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
32
How called Rule 56 The previous question may be called aud or
a nd or x 1 J
dered dered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection can of the Rule 57 A call of the Senate shall not be in order when m after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present
Questions Rule 58 All incidental questions of order arising after of order A
a motion is made for the previous question and pending
such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Effect Rule 59 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Notamend Rule 60 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended
when Rule 61 While the motion to indefinitely postpone
cannot he j r r
applied takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Notre Rule 62 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the sam has once been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Debate Role 63 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it howannd nt orer t debate the merits of the question prolowed posed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another
33
MOTION TO COMMIT
Rule 64 Motions to commit may be made to refer bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee
Rule 65 A motion to commit to a standing committee ccee6f takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on
Rule 66 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
Rule 67 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion
Rule 68 Any proposition that has been referred to any Motion to
i recommit
committee either standing or special maav on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Rule 69 There are three ways in which a proposition Amend
J 4 mentshow
may be amended to wit made
1st By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
Rule 70 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate bui first for consideration and amendments are pending thereto then the and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be 9 Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
34
teteetot0 Rule 71 An amendment cannot be offered after the amen report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered writing in ule 72 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where saidamendment shall be inserted or added Pnoiity Rule 73 Qn ajj qUQStions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Blanks Rule 74 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend when0 Rule 75 Tl3e caption or preamble of a bill or resolution amended shall UQt be considered or amended until the measure hasbeen perfected
by sections Rule 76 When a proposition consisting of several sec
tions or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and theamendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it 4ettsdby Rue 77 ien a mtion is made to amend by striking outaindL ouf and insertin the Secretary shall read the paragraph a serting it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended amS f Rule 78 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
35
Rule 79 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before meats the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted see rule 136 down
Rule 80 A motion to amend an amendment made byPriority the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Rule 81 The questions which arise before the Senate quSuoTisf respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or amSue
ments
resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the House amendment
2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment
3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 82 When the journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed
Rule 83 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not shaii not
be with
be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it brawn
v L when
might originally have been made
once
Rule 84 No matter shall be reconsidered more than when there
may be one
THE GENERAL LIBRARY
e generaI lIBIrIaLryUNIRSITY 0F georgw
THE UNIVERSimrir GEORGIA
STATE LIBRARY OtfT
reconsider
ation
36
order Rule 85 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the confirmation of the Journal oh the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
dents Rule 86 The action of the Senate upon an amendment considered may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Calender Rule 87 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of calendar of bills then in order for a third reading
ABSENTEES
Mrning
dspenJed Rule 88 The rollcall at the opening of each session majority f tlie Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a mavote jority vote of the Senators present
absentees Rule 89 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
compefat Rnle 90 The Power to compel the attendance of Sena tendance tors in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate
Sarmsi The Messenger of the Senate shall be ex officio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
37
CALL OF THE SENATE
Rule 91 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disCaii how
i H v r i ordered
close the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present when the President shall officially state the fact to theinssSenate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevailt and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the dqors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and whoare absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 92 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall Messages be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 93 Messages may be received at any time while Usages the door is open except while a question is being put or aceweand ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shallconsidered be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate
Rule 94 After a motion is stated by the President Or Motions read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate
38
rntmiriais ule 95 nY member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Nodebate Rule 96 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate notti0rivi Rule 97 Any motion not privileged containing new ieged matter shall lie at least one day on the table
Record Rule 98 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Notneces Rule 99 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall
sarytosec jj t
ond motion not be necessary that the ame shall be seconded before being put to the Senate
fees bw Rule WH After the announcement of the standing comeniarged mittees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
ofthe floor Rule 101 No Person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators andificers thereof the officers and members of the House the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Exeutiv Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme andSuperior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the committee on the privileges of the floor
Duty of Rule 102 It shall be the duty of the Committee on
Committee
on Journals Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary
Adjourn Rule Tbe hour to which the Seale shall stand adment journed every day shall be 10 oclock a m of the succeed
39
ing day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
Rule 104 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays yeas and shall be decided without debate debatable
Rule 105 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested retary by the Secretary
Rule 106 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President
Rule 107 The Messenger under the direction of the Messengers
r duty m dis
Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the mem etcbers he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 108 No committee shall deface or interline a bill mteriinea
tion for
resolution or other paper referred to said committee butidden shall report any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 109 No pairing of members shall be recognized Pairing or allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 110 Whenever any Senator moves that a Comcommittee mittee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the twoenceHouses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President
40
ments Rule 111 After commitment of a bill aud report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee if agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Rule 112 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order an niiuor Rule 113 All reports of a committee shall be in writing
ity reports i
and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
tioniSon Rule 114 EveiT motion to alter the rules of the Sentabie ate or for information from the Executive or departments shall 1 ie on the table one day
votes8lug Rule 115 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
SSee Rlle llb Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precer dence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn Elections Bule 117 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice
Koney 118 No biJ1 or resolution appropriating money shall nayyTcaied becme a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays Iddrecordare called and recorded All bills for raising revenue or naUteinisiaPProPriating money must originate in the House of Represema611 resentatives but the Senate may propose or concur in nves amendments as in other bills
41
Rule 119 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote ofmend
i 1 ment to
twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an constitu
0 r turn enter
act Or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendjurnalsraent to Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon
Rule 120 The first and second reading of local bills caption or
title only
shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said jg jeread bill is ordered engrossed billl
Rule 121 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall secretary
to take
before entering on their duties as such take an oath before ath and 7 give bond
their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge aud the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate
Rule 122 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before Oath of en
entering upon the discharge of their respective duties engrossing
clerks
shall take an oath before the President of Senate to discharge their duties faithfnlly and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined by M the Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and by well qualified for the discharge of the duties required ofagetjle him and shall be removed at any time upon recommendaedtbyftnas tion of the Enrolling Committee competent
Rule 123 When there is a meeting of both branches ofsecretary the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shallon journals enter on the journal of the Senate the proceedings of the ingsf joint
sessions
same
42
COMMITTEES
Rule 124 The President shall appoint the following standing committees
General Committee on Judiciary for consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of special or tonal bills
Committee on Finance
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Railroads
Committee for Relief of Supreme Court
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Internal Improvements
Committee on Agriculture
Committee on Privileges and Elections
Committee on Petitions
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Journals
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Banks
Committee on Education
Committee on Public Schools
Committee on Deaf and Dumb Asylum
Committee on Blind Asylum
Committee on Lunatic Asylum
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Immigration and Labor
Committee on Temperance
1 Committee on Public Property
Committee on Public Library
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Hall and Committee Rooms
Committee on Rules of which the President shall be ex officio Chairman
Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment
Committee on Public Roads
43
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 125 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of Committee on Journals
4 Reading the Journal
5 Confirmation of the Journal
6 Motions to reconsider
7 Unfinished business
8 Special orders
9 Presentation of Petitions
10 Reports of standing committees
11 Reports of select committees
12 Messages from the Governor
13 Messages from the House of Representatives
14 Introduction of bills the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays of each week
15 Reading House bills first time for reference
16 Reading bills favorbly reported by the Committee third time on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week
17 Consideration of bills adversely reported from committee on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week
18 Reading of bills second time favorably reported from committee on Mondays and Saturdays of each week
19 Motions and Resolutions
20 Ge neral orders but messages from the Governor and House of Representatives and reports from all Committees may be received under any order of business
Rule 126 When any question arises which is not proQuestions vided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be con videeuor trolled by thfe rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
Rule 127 Any one of the foregoing Rules may be suspended by a twothirds vote of the Senators a quorum being present and voting thereon
45
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION
1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise
2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret
4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books
5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon irom day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance fiirnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file
6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent
46
to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which requires the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senateor A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governorit is therefore rejected by the Senate
7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same
RULES
For the Government of the General Assembly
When Assembled in Joint Session
49
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law
2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Represenatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice
4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock A m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected
5 The first business in order for said joint session shall be the election of Judges of the Supreme Court and after that Judges and Solicitors of the various circuits Before the election of Judges and Solicitors shall be commenced
50

the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall prepare slips of paper of the same size on which he shall write the names of the various circuits for which elections are to be held and place the same in a box and hand the same to the President of the Senate who shall without inspecting the said slips of paper draw them out one at a time and when each slip is drawn said President of the Senate shall announce to the joint Session the name of the circuit drawn and the election for Judges and Solicitors of said circuit shall be in order if either or both said offices are vacant The President of the Senate shall continue to draw out the names of circuits from said box until all of said Judges and Solicitors are elected ActsCode page 49
6 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the Houe of Representatives
7 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to theNvhole General Assembly
8 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of thePresident of the Senate
9 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks
10 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly hischoice for such office
11 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote
51
unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted bymistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake
12 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order
13 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That thejoint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former
14 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until aftef the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate
15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened
16 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in theaffirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber
17 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session
18 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal ot its consent to the same
OFFICERS AND MEMBERS
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
OFFICERS
OF THE
House of Representatives 189899
HON JNOD LITTLE of Muscogee Speaker HON A O BLALOCK ofFayetteSpeaker pro tem
HON JNO T BOIFEUILLET of Bibb Clerk
HON F M DURHAM of BartowMessenger
J H WILLIFORD Esq of Fayette Doorkeeper
MEMBERS
OP THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
WITH COUNTY AND POSTOFFICE
A
name county postoffice
Adams Oreo W Putnam Eatonton
Adamson A PClayton Eex
Allen John T Baldwin Milledgeville
Anderson K S Bartow Cartersville
Arnold ND Oglethorpe Crawford
B
Barwick G I Emanuel Summit
Barron J CJonesClinton
Bass ChasLHabersham Clarksville
Beauchamp J C Pike Williamson
Bell H PForsyth Gumming
Bell J B SpaldingJPatillo
Bennett S S Mitchell Camilla
Bennett J B Pierce Coffee
BlackWm A t Whitfield p Dalton
Black N D DawsonLaurel
Blalock A 0FayetteFayetteville
Bond J F L Madison Danielsville
Bower BB Jr Decatur Bainbridge
Bowen R V Wilcox Lulaville
Brandon Morris FultonAtlanta
Brown A J Bryan Maulden Branch
Brown W F CarrollCarrollton
Bryan W C FloydArmucliee
Bush J AMiller Colquitt
Bynum JL Columbia Ellis
58
c
NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE
Galvin Martin V Richmond Augusta
Carter E ABurke J Waynesboro
Chappell TJ Muscogee Columbus
Castleberry J T Monroe Cabaniss
OookW H Heard Cooksville
Copeland F W Walker La Fayette
D
Darnell L J Pickens Tasper
David G H Lincoln Goshen
Denny R A Floyd Rome
Dews W W Randolph Cuthbert
Drawdy G W Wayne Jesup
Dickey A B FanninMineral Bluff
Duncan J P Houston Perry
E
Ellis RolandBibb Macon
Emanuel A Glynn Brunswick
Erwin A S Jr Clarke Athens Easterlin J J Macon Montezuma
Everett R Y V Polk Fish
Everett M L StewartLumpkin
F
Fain TWWhite Nacoochee
Farmer R L JeffersonLouisville
Felker J H Walton Monroe
Fender D C Clinch Stockton
Franklin Hiram Bulloch Parish
Freeman R W Coweta Newnan
Ford G G Worth Att
Fort R E Harris Hamilton
G
Gay Saml Colquitt Guest
George J R DeKalb Decatur Greene W T Olay Bluff ton
Gresham EB BurkeWalter
Griffin H T Twiggs Jeffersonville Griffin J M Greene Woodville
Griffith E S Haralson Buchanan
59
H
NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE
Hall JH Bibb Macon
Hamby R E A Rabun Clayton
Hammett J I Troup LaGrange
Hammond Henry Richmond Augusta Harden John L Liberty Walthourville
Hardin PD Wilkes Washington
Hardwick TW Washington Sandersville Harrisop William Quitman Georgetown
Harris J F ThomasPavo
Harrell W F DodgeEastman
Harvard D W Dooly Unadilla
Hathcock M L Douglass Ralph
Henderson Win Irwin Ocilla
Henderson W J Washington Davisboro
Hendricks R R Tattnall Clayton
Herring P H Decartur Calvary
Hill D C Wilkes Ophelia
Hopkins J M McIntosh Darien
Holder John N Jackson Jefferson
Hosch John R Jackson Hoschton
HowardEhas Jr Chattahoochee Cusseta Hutchins N L Jr Gwinnett Lawrenceville
J
JarnaganJCWarrenWarrenton
Johnson L F Appling Graham
Johnson A SBaker Newton
Johnson M L Bartow Cass Station
Johnson J L FloydRome
Johnson J F Lee Smithville
Jones S H Burke Waynesboro
JoneS W TDougherty Albany
Jordan C H Jasper Monticello
Jordan G W Jr Pulaski Hawkinsville
K
King W SHouston Bonaire
KnowlesClarence FultonAtlanta
L
ane A W BibbMacon
Lane J P Early Sowhatchee
60
NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE
Lane W T Sumter Americus
Laing J A Terrell Dawsonv
LaRoche W P Chatham Savannah
Latimer P B Cherokee Woodstock
Lee T J Pulaski Cary
Little John D Muscogee Columbus
Longino J H Campbell Fairburn
M
Martin G P Banks Arp
Mayson J W DeKalb Decatur
Maxwell Walter Oglethorpe Crawford
Merritt R L Hancock Sparta
McGehee J T Harris Ellerslie
McFarland T A Franklin Garlandville
McElreath G M Cobb Lost Mountain
McDonald J R Ware Waresboro
Mitchell F Thomas Thomasville
McDonough J J Chatham Savannah
McLaughlin B F Meriwether Greenville
McLennan A C Montgomery Alamo
McMillan T H Chatham Savannah
McRae Max L Telfair McRae
McCranie J R Berrien LaConte
McCants J J Taylor Butler
Moore J M Carroll Carrollton
Morris N A Cobb Marietta
Mullins J M Meriwether Stinson
N
Newton J T Morgan Pennington
o
Ousley R F Lowndes Valdosta
Ogle tree A H Butts Indian Spring
Overstreet J W Screven Sylvania
P
Pace J M Newton Covington
Padgett J P Echols Blunts Ferry F
Pate T A Gwinnett Lawrenceville
Park Jr J B Greene Greensboro
Park W G Troup LaGrange
61
NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE
Post W A i Coweta Grantville
Price W H Oconee High Shoals
B
Rawls Morgan Effingham Guyton
Rawls J RWilkinson Stephensville
Reid WR TaliaferroCrawfordville
Reynolds Joe S Richmond Augusta
Richardson M M Hart Hartwell
Rogers J S Marion Doyle
Rose D PCamden Owens Ferry
Rudicil R YChattooga Trion
S
Simpson B FMiltonAlpharetta
Singletary H H Schley LaCrosse
Slaton J M FultonAtlanta
Sloan W BHallGainesville
Smith A R Hall Gainesville
Smith A I HancockDevereaux
Snell J C Johnson Wrightsville
Spinks W E PauldingDallas
Speer E CSumter Americus
Starr O NGordon Calhoun
Stubbs L Q LaurensDublin
Sturgis A H McDuffie Cobbham
Stuart Y A MurraySpring Place
Stone A C WaltonMonroe
Swift Thomas M Elbert Elberton
T
Tatum G W M DadeTrenttfn
Taylor A CJefferson Stellaville
Tisinger B LUpson Thomaston
Timmerman J W Webster Preston
Tracy J 0 Dooly Cordele Turner Paul Henry McDonough
Turner C HRockdale Conyers
U
Upchurch John J Charlton Crawford Fla
62
w
NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE
Wade W C Brooks Quitman Walker W J Crawford Roberta
Walker J Y Union Blairsville
Watkins E WGilmer Ellijay
Whitely J WGlasscock Gibson
Williams F M Lumpkin Dahlonega
Willingham B S Monroe Forsyth
Wood J J TownsCampaign
Woodall D F Talbot Pleasant Hill
Wooten T M Calhoun Leary
Y
Yates Wm HCatoosa Ringgold
Dc ceased

MEMBERS
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
BY THE COUNTIES WITH FOSTOFFICE
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Appling L IT Johnson Graham
Baker A S Johnson Newton
Baldwin John T Allen Milledgeville Banks G P Martin Arp
BartowM L JohnsonCass Station
Bartow K S Anderson Cartersville
Berrien J K McCranie La Conte
Bibb A W Lane Macon
Bibb Roland Ellis Macon
Bibb J H Hall Macon
Brooks WCWadei Quitman
BryanA J BrownMaulden Branch
Bulloch Hiram Franklin Parish
Burke E A Carter Waynesboro
Burke S H Jones Waynesboro
Burke E B Greshanl Walter
Butts A H OgletreeIndian Spring
Calhoun J M Wooten Leary
CamdenD P Rose Owens Ferry
Campbell J H Lngino Fairburn
CarrollW F BrownCarrollton
Carroll J M Moore Villa Rica
Catoosa Wm H Yates Ringgold
Charlton John J Upchurch Crawford Fla
ChathamJohn J McDonough Savannah
Chatham Thos H McMillan Savannah
Chatham W P LaRoche i Savannah
Chattahoochee Chas Howard Jr Cusseta
ChattoogaR Y Rudicil Trion
Cherokee P B LatimerWoodstock
Clarke Alex S Erwin Jr Athens
64
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Clay W T GreeneBluffton
Clayton A P Adamson Rex
Clinch D C Fender Stockton
CobbG M McElreath LostMountain
Cobb N A Morris Marietta
Goffee
Columbia John L Bynum Ellis
ColquittSam GayGuest
CowetaW A Post Grantville
CowetaR W Freeman Newnan
Crawford Wm J Walker Roberta
Dade G W M Tatum Trenton
Dawson N D Black Laurel
DecaturP H Herring Calvary
Decatur B B Bower Jr Bainbridge
DeKalb Jas R George Decatur
DeKalbJ W Mayson Decatur
Dodge W F Harrell Eastman
Dooly J C Tracy Oordele
Dooly D W HarvardUnadilla
Dougherty W T JonesAlbany
Douglas M L Hathcock Ralph
DarlyJ P Lane Sowhatchee
Echols J P PadgettBlounts Ferry Fla
Effingham Morgan Rawls Guyton P 0
Elbert Thos M Swift Elberton
Emanuel G I BarwickSummit
FanninA B Dickey Mineral Bluff
FayetteA0 Blalock Fayetteville
Floyd W C Bryan Armuchee
Floyd J L Johnson Rome
Floyd rt R A Denny Rome
Forsyth H P Bell Cumming
Franklin T A McFarland Garlandyille
Fulton Clarence Knowles Atlanta
FultonMorris Brandon Atlanta
Fulton J M Slaton Atlanta
GilmerE W Watkins Ellijay
Glasscock J W Whitely Gibson
Glynn N EmanuelBrunswick
Gordon 0 N Starr Calhoun
Greene J B Park Jr Greensboro
Greene J M Griffin Woodville
Gwinnett N L Hutchins Jr Lawrenceville
65
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Gwinnett T A Pate Lawrenceville
Habersham Ohas L BassClarksville
Hall W B SloanGainesville
Hall A R Smith Gainesville
Hancock Robert L Merritt Sparta Hancock A I Smith Devereaux Haralson E S Griffith Buchanan
HarrisR E Fort Hamilton
Harris J T McGehee Ellerslie
Hart M M Richardson Hartwell Heard W H Cook Cooksville
Henry Paul TurnerMcDonough
Houston Jas P Duncan Perry
HoustonW S King Bonaire
IrwinWm Henderson Ocilla
Jackson Jno N Holder Jefferson
Jackson Jno R Hosch Hoschton
JasperC H Jordan Monticello
JeffersonR L Farmer Louisville
Jefferson A C TaylorStellaville
Johnson J C Snell Wrightsville
Jones J C Barron Clinton
Laurens L Q Stubbs Dublin
Lee J F Johnson Smithville
Liberty Jno L Harden Walthourville Lincoln G H David Goshen
Lowndes R F Ousley Valdosta
Lumpkin F M Williams Dahlonega
Macon J JEasterlin Montezuma
Madison J F L Bond Danielsville
Marion J S Rogers Doyle
McDuffe AH Sturgis Cobbham
McIntosh J M Hopkins Darien
Meriwether J M Mullins Stinson
Meriwether B F McLaughlin Greenville
Miller J A Bush Colquitt
Milton V Ben F Simpson Alpharetta
Mitchell S S Bennett Camilla
Monroe B S Willingham Forsyth
Monroe J T Castleberry Cabaniss
Montgomery A C McLennan Alamo
Morgan J T NewtonPennington
Murray V A Stuart Spring Place
Muscogee Thos J Chappell Columbus
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Muscogee John D Little Columbus
NewtonJ M Pace Covington
Oconee W H Price High Shoals Oglethorpe Walter Maxwell Crawford
Oglethorpe N D Arnold Crawford
Paulding W E Spinks Dallas
Pickens L J DarnellJasper
Pierce J B Bennett Coffee
Pike J C Beauchamp Williamson
Polk R W Everett Fish
Pulaski T J Lee Cary
Pulaski G W Jordan Jr Hawkinsville
Putnam Geo W Adams Eatonton
QuitmanWm Harrison Georgetown
RabunR E A Hamby Clayton
Randolph W W Dews Cuthbert Richmond Martin V Calvin Augusta
Richmond Henry Hammond Augusta
Richmond Jos S Reynolds Augusta V
Rockdale C H Turner Conyers
SchleyH H Singletary LaCrosse
Screven J W Overstreet Sylvania
Spalding J B Bell Patillo
Stewart M L EverettLumpkin
Sumter W T LaneAmericus
Sumter E C Speer Americus
Talbot D F WoodallT Pleasant Hill
Taliaferro W R Reid Crawfordville Tattnall W R Hendricks Clayton Taylor J J McCants Butler Telfair Max L McRae McRae
Terrell J A LaingDawson
Thomas F Mitchell Thomasville
Thomas J F Harris Pavo
Towns J J Wood Campaign
Troup W G Park LaGrange
Torup JD Hammett LaGtange Twiggs H F Griffin Jeffersonville
Union J Y Walker Blairsville
Upson B L Tisinger Thomaston
Walker F W Copeland LaFayette
WaltonJ HFelker Monroe
Walton A C Stone Monroe
Ware J R McDonald Waresboro
67
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFKE
Warren T 0 JarnaganWarrenton
Washington W J Henderson Davisboroi
Washington T W Hardwick Sandersville
WayneGr W Drawdy Jesup
WebsterJ W Timmerman Preston
White T W FainRacoochee
Whitfield Wm A BlackDalton
Wilcox Robt V Bowen Lulaville
WilkesP D HardinWashington
Wilkes D 0 HillOphelia
Wilkinson J R Rawls Stephensville
Worth G G FordAtt
Deceased
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
asga
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE HOUSE
GENERAL AGRICULTURE
Mr Jordan
Calvin
Jordan of Pulaski Ndwton
McGehee
Ogletree
Wooten
Ford
Smith of Hancock Rogers
Tracy
Latimer
Farmer
F ranklin
Fort
Hardin of Wilkes Hammett
Henderson of Irwin Price
Walker of Crawford Mullins
Johnson of Floyd Everett of Polk
Dews
Carter
Rower
Woodall
Arnold
Hosch
of Jasper Chairman
Bush
Henderson of Washington McElreath
Johnson of Bartow
Harris
Maxwell
Tatum
Pate
Rawls of Wilkinson
Hill
Jarnagin
Griffin of Twiggs Easterlin
King
McCranie
Rawls of Effingham
Rose
Park of Greene
Mayson
Herring
Lane of Early
Hathcock
Bell of Spalding Castleberry
Taylor
Stewart
Fender
72
SPECIAL AGRICULTURE
Mr Jordan of Pulaski Chairman
Singletary Brown of Bryan
McDonald Wood
Padgett Walker of Union
Gay Bennett of Pierce
Fain Harvard
Bryan Greene
Barwick Lee
McCants David
Reid McFarland
Hendricks Shell s
Yates Johnson of Appling
Adamson Bynum
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
Mr Pace Chairman
Harrison McLaughlin
Starr Freeman
Brown of Carroll Chappell
Bell of Forsyth Ellis
Denny Slaton
Hammond Willingham
Hardwick Laing
LaRoche Copeland Tisinger
73
APPROPRIATIONS Mr Chappell Chairman
Knowles
Blalock
Lane of Bibb Rudicil
Laing
Post
McMillan
Smith of Hancock Dews
Felker
Copeland
Willingham
Duncan
Arnold
Ogletree
How7ard
Calvin
Carter
Everett of Polk McLaughlin
Park of Troup Farmer
Hutchins
Ousley
Morris
Latimer
Harris
W7ooten
Hill of Wilkes
Hall
Richardson
p 7
McDonough
Johnson of Floyd Adamson
Price
Holder
Emanuel
Fort
Jordan of Jasper McCranie
Henderson of Irwin Hardin of Liberty King
Rawls of Wilkinson Mayson
Martin
Freeman exofficio Denny exofficio

74
AUDITING
Mr Rawls of Effingham Chairman
Everett of Stewart
Timmerman
Rogers
Holder
Wood
Walker of Union
BANKS
Mr Copeland Chairman
Johnson of Floyd Arnold
Bowen
Calvin
Harrison
Hill of Wilkes King
Spinks
Black of Whitfield Bond
Brandon
Felker
Gay
Hendricks
Jarnagin
Jordan of Jasper Padgett
McLennan
Mitchell
Hosch
Hopkins
Gresham
Bennett of Mitchell Bennett of Pierce David
Bynum
3
BLIND ASYLUM
Mr Beauchamp Chairman
Hall
Watldns
Hardin of Liberty Black of Whitfield Rose
Upchurch
Brown of Bryan Bryan
Easterlin
Fain
Gay
Hammett
Johnsonof Appling Hendricks
Martin
McCranie
Padgett
Yates
Snell
Lee
George
Bell of Spalding Black of Dawson
75
CORPORATIONS
Mr Duncan Chairman
LaRoche Jordan of Jasper
Blalock Oriffin of Greene
Johnson of Baker Walker of Crawford
Bush Griffin of Twiggs
Hammond Pace
Stone Ellis
Morris Fender
Stubbs Lane of Early
Harrell Black of Dawson
Enianuel Griffith
Barron Sturgis
Anderson Dickey
Henderson of Irwin Darnell
COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS
Mr Moore Chairman
Holder Fain
Richardson Carter
Turner of Rockdale Wooten
Wade Newton
Bond Freeman
Anderson Hendricks
Harrell of Dodge Hill
Smith of Hall Johnson of Baker
Cook Griffith
Erwin Hathcock
Franklin Black of Dawson
Fort Castleberry
George Taylor
Latimer Darnell
Mullins Johnson of Appling
Overstreet
76
EDUCATION
Mr Denny Chairman
Beauchamp Howard
Calvin Johnson of Bartow
Knowles Hamby
Felker Chappell
Williams Willingham
Reynolds Bower
Jones Farmer
Hall Brown of Carroll
Park of Troup Erwin
Rawls of Effingham McMillan
Griffin of Twiggs Hardin of Liberty
Woodall Bond
Gresham Johnson of Baker
Speer Allen
Adams Holder
Sloan Bush
Pate Lane of Early
Mitchell Hutchins
Bennett of Mitchell Pace
Smith of Hancock Black of Whitfield Griffin of Greene
ENROLLMENT Mr Walker of Union Chairman
Richardson Jarnagin
Gresham Overstreet
Hamby Whiteley
Denny Walker of Crawford
Erwin McElreath
Jordan of Jasper
77
EXCUSE OF MEMBERS
Mr Holder Chairman
Ousley
Price
Park of Troup Mitchell
McCranie
Bryan
Dickey
GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF
Mr Tatum Chairman
Watkins
Copeland
Denny
Ousley
Howard
Rawls of Wilkinson Cartefr
Pate
Griffin of Twiggs Bowen
Whiteley
Wood
Walker of Union
Barron
Castleberry
Ford
Griffith
Hardin of Wilkes Reid
WTade
Woodall
Cook
Bynum
Black of Dawson
78
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM
Me Allen
Bass
Watkins
Harris
Howard
Griffin of Twiggs Mayson
Turner of Rockdale
Beauchamp
Drawdy
Jarnagin
Timmerman
Merritt
Johnson of Lee Rogers
Wooten
Henderson Harrell
Anderson
Black of Whitfield Griffin of Greene McGehee of Harris
Chairman
McCants
Newton
Walker of Union McRae
Reynolds
Barron
Maxwell
Barwick
Arnold
Franklin
McLennan
Herring
Singletary
Harvard
George
Williams
Greene
Wood
Bennett of Pierce Stewart
Adams
of Washington
HALLS AND COMMITTEE ROOMS Mr Speer Chairman
Simpson Blalock
Freeman
Slaton
79
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Mr Drawdy Chairman
Howard
Turner of Rockdale Harris
Mayson
Rudicil
Cook
Johnson of Lee
Jarnagin
Hathcock
Gresham
Brown of Bryan Dickey
Taylor
IMMIGRATION Mr Wooten Chairman
Henderson of Irwin Castleberry
Griffith
McCants
Johnson of Bartow
George
Easterlin
Barwick
Black of Whitfield Reid
Henderson of Washington Snell King Stewart
Longino Bynum
Griffin of Greene
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Mr Farmer Chairman
Brown of Bryan Fender
Gay
Bell of Spalding Herring Maxwell McGehee
Smith of Hall
Lane of Bibb Hardin of Liberty Carter
Sturgis
Johnson of Appling David
JOURNALS
Me Bond Chairman
Lane of Sumter Felker
Merritt Moore
Duncan Swift
Harris
GENERAL JUDICIARY Mr Slaton Chairman
McLaughlin
Hall
Harrison
Brown of Carroll Brandon
Post
Willingham
Longino
Starr
Bell of Forsyth Simpson
Felker
Copeland
Denny
Bond
Hardwuck
Tisinger
LaRoche
Bower
Park of Greene
Hammond
Hutchins
Duncan
Allen
Jones of Burke Speer
Merritt
Mitchell
Morris
Reynolds
Bass
Stone
Spinks
Stubbs
Lane of Bibb Erwin
Laing
Barron
Johnson of Baker Hopkins
Hamby
Wade
Sloan
Anderson
Overstreet
Lane of Sumter Bennett of Mitchell
81
SPECIAL JUDICIARY
Mr Ellis Chairman
Park of Troup
Richardson
Duncan
Smith of Hall Mitchell
Lane of Sumter Merritt
Hamby
Tracy
Gresham
Hardin of Wilkes Hopkins
Wade
Griffith Blalock
Bryan
Fain
Bush
Lee
Park of Greene Moore
Martin
Sturgis
LABOR AND LABOR STATISTICS
Mr Reynolds Chairman
Oook
Bush
Johnson of Baker Mitchell
McFarland
McMillan
Rawls of Wilkinson
Chappell
Woodall
Laing
Hardin of Wilkes Griffin of Twiggs Everett of Stewart
82
MANUFACTURING
Me Paek of Greene Chairman
Hammond McLennan
Erwin Moore
Emanuel Tracy
Bowen Wratkins
Harvard Taylor
Hosch Snell
Hammett Darnell
Gay

MILITARY AFFAIRS
Me Haedwick Chairman
McRae George
Knowles Ford
McMillan Beauchamp
Hopkins Allen
Erwin Hutchins
Stubbs Johnson of Lee
Bass Howard
Bell of Spalding Hathcock
Brown of Carroll Hardin of Wilkes
ObappeJl Bowen
Copeland
MINES AND MINING
Me Hamby Chairman
Latimer Bass
Yates Anderson
Williams McFarland
Fain Stewart
Black of Dawson Dickey
Copeland
3
f
PENITENTIARY Me Stone Chairman
Copeland
Watkins
Tatum
Everett of Stewart Hall
Holder
Rose
Bush
Dews
Johnson of Lee Carter
Timmerman
Pate
McCants
Turner of Rockdale Walker of Crawford Maxwell
Mayson
Drawdy
Harrell
Hamby
Anderson
Beauchamp
Bell of Spalding
Ogletree
Yates
Lane of Early Upchurch
Mullins
Herring
Hathcock
Fort
Black of Whitfield
McElreath
Adamson
Merritt
Rogers
Gresham
Bennett of Pierce
Arnolds
Speer
George
Singletary
Farmer
Whiteley
Greene of Clay Darnell
INVALID PENSIONS Mr Calvin Chairman
Brandon
Duncan
Tatum
Everett of Polk
Hall
Jordan of Jasper Lane of Sumter Newton
84
PENSIONS
Me Simpson Chairman
Blalock
Adamson
Longino
Turner of Rockdale Franklin
Carter
Brown of Bryan Black of Dawson Barwick
Hosch
Pace
Smith of Hall
Bell of Forsyth
Bryan
Cook
Hardin of Liberty Lane of Sumter McDonald McElreath
Yates
McFarland
Herring
Bennett of Pierce Dickey
Johnson of Appling Snell
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Me McLaughlin Chairman
Dews
Harrison
Calvin
Bond
Bennett of Mitchell Everett of Polk Hopkins
Spinks
Tracy
Hammett
Rawls of Wilkinson
Lane of Sumter King
Henderson of Irwin Franklin
Barwick
Ellis
Hardwick
Fender
Gay
David
Dickey
85
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR
Laing McLaughlin Calvin Mr Bower Chairman Denny Chappell Blalock
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Mr Turner of Henry Chairman
LaRoche Hutchins Hardwick Brandon Post Spinks Bower Allen
Wade Whiteley Calvin Overstreet PUBLIC PRINTING Mr Hews Chairman Bennett of Mitchell Everett of Stewart Sloan
Easterlin Adamson Reid Knowles PUBLIC PROPERTY Mr Morris Chairman Hopkins Beauchamp Smith of Hall Jordan of Pulaski
86
RAILROADS
Mr McDonough Chairman
Knowles Harris
Post Harrison
Hammond Smith of Hancock
Dews Lane of Bibb
Simpson Emanuel
McLaughlin Tatum
Rudicil Bower
Longino Henderson of Washington
Jones of Burke Park of Troup
Starr Laing
Pace Adamson
Easter lin Johnson of Bartow
Morris Sloan
Turner of Henry Mayson
Duncan Hosch
Johnson of Floyd Upchurch
Maxwell Bass
Ogletree Slaton
Stone Newton
Wooten Adams
Rogers
ROADS AND BRIDGES
Mr Bush Chairman
Arnold Padgett
Castleberry Ford
Franklin Bryan
Hendricks Bond
Hill of Wilkes David
Lee Sturgis
Mullins Bynum
McGehee
Mr Little exofficio Chairman
Calvin
Freeman
Bell of Forsyth Chappell
Denny
Blalock
Brandon
Ellis
Allen
TEMPERANCE
Mr Willingham Chairman
Felker
Bell of Forsyth Starr
Jones of Burke Brandon
Adams
Bennett of Mitchell Wooten
Smith of Hancock Timerman
Pace
Johnson of Floyd Bower
McDonald
Everett of Polk Turner of Henry Hammond
Price
Tisinger
Rudicil
Park of Troup
Bell of Spalding
Chappell
McLaughlin
Jordan of Pulaski Rawls of Effingham Ogletree
Harvard
Harrell
Emanuel
McDonough
Swift
Rose
Bass
Reid
Ellis
Bowen
Sturgis
88
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Mr McRae Chairman
Martin McDonald Lane of Sumter Jones of Burke Hammett Everett of Polk Rawls Bell Barron Farmer Fort Swift Greene Darnell
WILD LANDS
Mr Upchurch Chairman
Harrell Bennett of Pierce Hendricks McCranie Rose Drawdy Hardin of Liberty McRae Johnson of Appling Fender
89
WAYS AND MEANS
Mr Freeman Chairman
Denny
Starr
Brown of Carroll
Brandon
Beauehamp
Adams
Jordan of Pulaski
Ellis
Pace
Ford
McGehee
Henderson of Washington Everett of Stewart Rogers
Easterlin
Stubbs
Turner of Henry
Tatum
Tisinger
Allen
Woodall
Speer
Harvard
Bowen
McRae
McLennan
Singletary
Moore
Smith of Hall Johnson of Bartow Cook
Drawdy
Black of Whitfield Jarnagin
Pate
Newton
Walker of Union Rose
Walker of Crawford Williams
Fender
Whiteley
Swift
Griffin of Greene Castleberry
Greene
Chappell ex officio Knowles ex officio
r
A CODE

Parliamentary Law
OF FORCE IN THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
PREPARED BY LOUIS F GARRARD
The Use of this Volume is Respectfully Dedicated to the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia
Adopted as the Rules of the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia since 1896
Atlanta Ga
Geo W Harrison State Printer
The Franklin Printing and Publishing Co 1898
A CODE OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW
THE SPEAKER
Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend Discretion irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may f Speaker deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the when Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unlesssfafivote the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member
Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at theIaembrt0
the floor to
same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to teecided proceed Speaker
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the speaker to Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House committees
Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any mo Methods 0l tion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the Juestn House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor 0fbySpeaker the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No
And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or fl division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result
Rule 6
i n Sj may name
any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
The Speaker may during a days sitting namesPeaker
J 07 may name
94
Dutyof Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be SpeCT11 absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both a sent be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House
to order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
Appeals Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied ruUngof with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise Speaker and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final
when no Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a perappeaisn sonal character there shall be no debate
Appeals to Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair once shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
when Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from
may ad the decision of the Chair any member after being recogcixcss ttl6
House nized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House
Power of Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the suspendt0 Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of dinateoffiduty and when such suspension has been made he shall I report the same to the House within twentyfour hours I thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take 1 in the premises
Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the7 galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger
95
and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly when conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so otmayd fending to be arrested and brought before the bar of theandtobbies House to be dealt with for contempt of the House
Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the House the Speaker may order speaker the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House
Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the rollger called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays taken where a division of the House discloses the fact that a nays quorum of the House has not voted
Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business toDecisionon
1 I T i questions
be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without cieof priority bate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate Conduct of or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker
He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more thantwice on any subject or more than ofice until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall or may call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House Appeals shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second find in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the memExpulsion bers which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and 147 Rule recorded on the Journal of the House
Exception to words spoken
Silence
Mode of designating members
Ho us how
addressed Questions and interruptions
Shall not vote when interested in result
Protests
Rule J8 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking I member shall have taken his seat
Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent
Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent
Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested or in any case where he was not present when the question being voted on was put to the House except by permission of the House in every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken
Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing i against the action of the House said protest shall clearly j and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof
97
Rule 24 No member shall smoke in the House nor shall he converse with any one over the bar thereof
Rule 25 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires
Rule 26 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate
Rule 27 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged
Smoking and conversation prohibited
Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment
Matters transpiring in Senate Commit tees and private conversation not to he referred to
Lauditory and disparaging remarks when for bidden
Rule 28 Applause or hisses in the Representative Applause
11 t and hisses
chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or forbidden
legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Rule 29 During the calling or reading of yeas andrate
nays on any question no debate shall be had naysau
Rule 30 No member can make more than one motion only one
motion can
at a time and while the motion is being put to the House at
he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker
Rule 31 No member having asked and obtained leave Explanaof the House to explain his vote on any question Ixefore the House shall be allowed more than three minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the House
Rule 32 When the reading of any paper is called for Reading of
papers
and the same is objected to by any member it shall be determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 33 Every member within the hall when a ques when tion is put shall vote unless he is immediately and parshall vote ticularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motionto excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the
98
Motion to
excuse
when
made
Excuses
from
voting
Call for a division
Divisipu how made
Qualifying paragraph exception and proviso
Strike out and insert not divisible
Gitll of counties
Bills and resolutions called in order
Bills etc when introduced
Question on first reading
yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 34 Any one member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Rule 35 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire
Rule 36 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition
Rule 37 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposi ti o n
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 38 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call the counties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet
Rule 39 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the caleudar and before I reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House
Rule 40 It shall be in orderto introduce bills or 1 other matter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice having been given for that purpose
Rule 41 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill af the first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill be committed or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the bill shall
99
not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed
In case of commitment it shall be to a committee of the whole House unless the JHouse shall otherwise direct and hills committed to the whole House shall be considered in Committee of the Whole House In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a commit Adware tee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second read committee iug thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawnat any BUishom stage thereof by consent of the House
Rule 42 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted toTransmisthe Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twonateby thirds of the members present shall so order vote
Rule 43 No bill shall be printed until after the same has Big when been reported to the House by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto
j Rule 44 All proceedings touching the appropriating of committee money shall be considered in the Committee of W hole goie See
TT i 1 Rule 107
ilouse et al
Rule 45 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and shall have the name of the member introducing therein same as well as the county he represents indorsed on theHgwmback of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same
Rule 46 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred gPgftof and reported by more than one committee or has been regJgggT ported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
Order of Rule 47 When any subject is before the House for precedence consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit
1st A motiOfi tb adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th Av motion to amend
Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged
MOTION TO ADJOURN
abiwhen tve 48 motion to adjourn is in no instance debat
Jenewed nor sa motin be made a second time until
further progress has been made in the business before the House
debatable Rule 49 A motion to adjourn on a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable when Rule 50 The motion to adjourn can be made at anv
made i J
time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
morde1 RuR 51 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Effect of Rule 52 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form meat prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in course

101
Rule 53 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed H0Ur0fad by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote ofhatusir the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session pone shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
Amendment or
Rule 54 No motion to lay an amendment or substi cannot be i laid on ta
tute on the table shall be m order bie
Rule 55 A majority of a quorum voting may take Howmat from the table at any time whjen the House is not engaged frora xn any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 56 If the motion to lay on the table prevails Rc0of removes from the consideration of the House the measuretabletogether with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of
Rule 57 When the proposition is again taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with allfrom table the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed
Rule 58 A motion to lay on the table or to take whenre
newed
irom the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Rule 59 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor Not debatthe motion to take from the table is debatable nr amend amendable able
LIBRARY

102
Member Kule 60 No member having obtained the floor shall move to ta he allowed to submit a motion then move to lay that mo I
blehisown J
motion tion on the table nor shall he be allowed to yield the floor to any other member in order for said member to whom the floor is so yielded to move to lay the motion of the member yielding on the table
what can Kule 61 Nothing can he legitimately laid on the table be tabled
excepting what can be taken up again
When in Rule 62 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
previous Rule 63 The motion for the previous question shall question be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or et to lay On the table and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained
If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motion will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
minutes Rule 64 When the previous question has been ordered fowtdka1 the House shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the
103
introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate
The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred td to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure
Rule 65 After the main question is ordered any memvohow ber may call for a division of the House in taking the vote ormay call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal
Rule 66 The effect of the order that the main ques Effect of
main quos
tion be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved
Rule 67 After the main question has been ordered Reconsidno motion to reconsider shall be in order until after the when m votemn the main question is taken and announced
Rule 68 In all cases where a minority report hasg6 been submitted on any question if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
Rule 69 The previous question may be called and oruncalled
dered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may dered
be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments
and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
afrit Cali of the
Rule 70 A call of the House shall not be in order Senate
after the previous question is ordered unless it shall ap order
104
pear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present
Questions Rule 71 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appealor otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Effect Rule 72 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session abieameni Role 73 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended notbeCap Rule 74 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Notre Rule 75 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be newed renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been vbted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 76 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected
Effect of Rle 77 ff the motion to postpone a bill resolution vofetJve or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding
105
Rule 78 This motion to postpone to a day certain mayM be be amended by substituting one day for another In this amendi case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks
Rule 79 If a day is designated known to be beyond byonaytbe the session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though itsessionhad been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject
Rule 80 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it Debate
L j when ana
is not in order to debate the merits of the question projy1 posed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points
Rulfe 81 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole p1161 bill resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named
MOTIOiNS TO COMMIT
Rule 82 Motions to commit may be made to refer a Motion to bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special commit committee or committee of the whole House
Rule 83 A motion to commit to a standing committee Prece
i denceof
takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions
Rule 84 On a motion simply to commit no debate when deshall be allowed but where instructions are added the batable merits of the question can be debated
Rule 85 A motion to commit may be amended by adHo
h J amended
ding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion
106
Motion to Rule 86 Any proposition that has been referred to any
recommit ftrniictee either standing or special may on motion be
recommitted to the same or any other cCmmittee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Amend Rule 87 There are three ways in which a proposition made ow raay le amended to wit
lstr By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment o r Rule 88 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in
Substitute r j
effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of
a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute
Rule 89 When a bill or resolution is before the House
Bill first
then t fr consideration and amendments are pending thereto and substitute a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as fhe case may be by substitute
Rule 90 An amendment cannot be offered after the
When too
amend report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Mustbein Rule 91 All motions to amend any matter before the writing House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill
107
or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Rule 92 On all questions whether in committee or Priority in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
jRule 93 Where blanks occur in any proposition they Blanks must be filed first before any motion is made to amend
Rule 94 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution oahall not be considered or amended until the measure hasamendedbeen perfected
Rule 95 When a proposition consisting of several S6C Amending
1 1 by sections
tions or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the cud of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Rule 96 When a motion is made to amend by striking ntsby out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as itomanf inis then the words to be stricken out and finally the wholeser ing paragraph as it would be if amended
Rule 97 When a motion is made to amend by strikingof out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the erfeCt paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Rule 98 When any bill or resolution which originated geatedins in the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate amendment see rule 136 cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down
108
Priority
Rule 99 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedenceof a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Rule 100 The questions which arise before the House
questions respecting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or on Senate r o j
amendments
resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment
A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment
A motion to recede from its disagreement or amend
2d
3d
ment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendr ment
They take precedence in the above order
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 101 When the Journal of the preceding day reconsider shall be read it shall be in the power of any member
whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered tomove for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed
Rule 102 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might Originally have been made
Rule 103 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
Rule 104 Motion for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
Shall not he withdrawn when
When there may be one reconsideration
When in order
109
Rule 105 The action of the House upon an amendAmendlent may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 106 All bills reconsidered shall take their place Place of
i Calender
at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading
COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE
Rule 107 The Speaker may resolve the House into awhenorCommittee of the Whole without a motion being made Speaker therefor whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which See rule u is required by the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 108 The House may resolve itself into a Comwhen or
dered by
mittee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum the House voting on motion of a member made for that purpose
Rule 109 In forming a Committee of the Whole House the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker
Rule 110 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall Proceed
mgs
be first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered
Rule 111 The Rules of the House shall be observed by theCommittee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it cannot refer a matter to any other committee it cannot adjourn the previous question cannot be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays
Rule 112 If at any time in the Committee of the gebate Whole it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the
House shall take such action thereonas it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by theHouse the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideratoin of the subject
how ex Rule 113 In the event that a Committee of the Wholetended House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made risereport progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain
Motions Rule 114 A motion that the committee rise and report jprogress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall bedecided without debate and when it prevails the committeeshall immediately rise
Reconsid Rule 115 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in eration Qommee of the Whole
Duty Of 116 The Committee of the Whole shall not pro
quorum is eed with the business before it whenever a vote on any present qUeson shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House All mem Rule 117 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole
kers ghall 1 v v
vote unless take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole Amend Rule 118 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and
Ill
matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House
Rule 119 A Committee of the Whole House cannot Disorderly
conduct repunish disorderly conduct of its members but must report ported
the same to the House for action thereon
Rule 120 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole Chairman
iti my order
shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in galleries
r o and lobbies
case of any disorderly conduct therein cleared
Eule 121 When the Committee of the Whole have Pfoceed
mgs of
disposed of the bill resolutions or other measures before it efore by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman jshedn will be instructed to report the action of the committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be
The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other committee
Eule 122 The proceedings of the Committee of the Record Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee
Rule 123 When in the Committee of the Whole any Papers may
papers in the possession of the House may be called for by for
any member and read by the Clerk for the information of
the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order
Eule 124 Amendments offered to an amendment in Report
the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the tam result t of commit
House but the report shall contain only the result of thetees action
committees action on the bill resolution or measure under
consideration before it
ABSENTEES
Momipg v
spensed 125 The rollcall at the opening of each session
threeby ie House shall not be dispensed with except by a votehs threefourths vote of the members present
Names of Rule 126 Upon the call of all the members ordinary noted es and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal
The Clerk shall also keep a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the members so absent without leave unless excused by the House shall not be entitled to draw pay for the time they are so absent
It shall be the duty of the Committee on Auditing to Auditing inTlire matter before passing upon any members
Committee account
Excuses of members absent without leave shall e submember t the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent
without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
compeiat Rule 127 The power to compel the attendance of tendance memberSj n order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall beallowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House atarms4 Messenger of the House shall be ex officio Sergeant
atArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House i when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
Call how ordered Subsequnt Proceedings
Rule 128
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Whenever the result of a vote taken shall
disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present
113
or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmatrve the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave 6may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
CONSTITUTIONAL RULES
Rule 129 A majority of each House shall constitute a what is a
quorum to transact business but a smaller number mav compelling A 1 attendance
adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4
Rule 130 Each Senator and Representative before oath of
members
taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5
Rule 131 No bill shall become a law unless it shall Majority receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected pass bill to each House of the General Assemblyand it shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14
114
Yeas and Rule 132 The yeas and nays on any question shall at by oneflfth the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered present on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
lution aGp Rule 133 No bill or resolution appropriating money moneytinsshall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and by yeas nays in each House are recorded
and nays
Art 3 Sem 7 Par 12
tionaitwo 14 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote
taken by06 Iwothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of
naysand au Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
Beading of Rule 135 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read1 three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
Revenue Rule 136 All bills for raising revenue or appropriatingjmoney shall originate in the House of Representatives hut the Senate may propose or concur in amendments asin other bills
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
Setmat ule 137 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers teretc to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
An amend Rule 138 No law or section of the Code shall be laws and amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to thecode number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
General Rule 139 Laws of a general nature shall haveuniform variedw operation throughout theState and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting privaterights shall be varied in any particular case by special
115
legislation except with the consent in writing of all per consent f i i j and when
sons to be affected thereby and no person under legal dis required
ability to contract is capable of such consent
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Rule 140 The General Assembly shall have no power corporato grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change
election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to
r i Powerdel
change narpes or legitimate children but it shall prescribe egated to
by law the manner in which such powTer shall be exercised
by the courts
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Rule 141 The General Assembly shall have no power Relief of to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recogni zance zances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed iD the custody of the proper officer
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19
Rule 142 The General Appropriation bill shall em what the
x t general ap
brace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative andp Judicial Departments of the Government paying of thetfy public dhbt and interest thereonind for the support of thebmtfate public institutions and educational interests of the State
All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9
Rule 143 Neither House shall adjourn for more than Adjournthree days or to any other place without the consent 0fmentsthe other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24
Rule 144 All elections by the General Assembly shall Eiectiona be vivq voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of
the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rule 145 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended
tuuus vuie ll
session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13
limited to Rule 146 The General Assembly meets annually on ays the fourth Wednesday in October and the House and Senate are called to order at 10 oclock A m The annual Sessions are limited to fifty days
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 6
Rule 147 Each House shall be the judge of the elec
disorderfy tion returns and qualifications of its members and shall
conduct have power t0 punish them for disorderly behavior or mis
conduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but Expulsion f ini 7
by two no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twodhirds thirds vote iTT J
of the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Rule 148 No provision of this Constitution for a twoofGover thirds vote of both Houses of the Gepera Assembly shall required be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
become lawsj but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be
ejected tills again
to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same
considered by a two thirds vote
Governors
veto
Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23
Rule 149 The Governor shall have the revision of all
bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall
117
shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriaMecto tion and disapprove any other appropriation in the samevote bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
Rule 150 Every vote rsolution or order to which the WhenGovconcurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a approve question of election or adjournment shall be presented fEffecto the Governor and before it shall take effect be appro ved by twothirds him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17
Rule 151 No county site shall be changed or removed Twothird except bv a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of thequired county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4
Rule 152 Any amendment or amendments to this Twothirds
f yotg T0
Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House ofqmredon Representatives and if the same shall be agreed toby twontsto thirds of the members elected to each of the two Housestion such proposed amendment Or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months preftms to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election j and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendfnent or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
118
vote re8 Rle convention of the people shall be called
caiFaCon eneral Assembly to revise amend or change the Howcaiied Qftbution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
JuS f Rule 154 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum j the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office May be The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds thYrds vote v0e eaca branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such changes shall affect the officers then in commission
Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2
Evidenceof Rule 155 No local or special bill shall be passed unnotice of i p r
local and Jess noticed the intention to apply therefor shall have been special lTii i A 1
berahmi1 published in the locality where the matter or thing to be afsggjgg fected raa7 be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
119
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 156 When a message shall be sent to the House Messages of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent 1
Rule 157 Messages may be received at any time while Messages
when re
the door is open except while a question is being put or ballot or a viva voce is being takem A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its Consideration may on motion be ordered by the House
Rule 158 It shall be the order of the day every Wedpetitions nesday to take up and decide oil reports of committees on petitions and all petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of the House
Rule 159 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or Motions read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by consent of the House
Rule 160 Any member presenting a petition memorial Petitions
memorials
or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate etc the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 161 The several standing committees of the House commitshall have leave to report by bill or otherwise
Rule 162 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath clerk for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected
Rule 163 The Clerk shall take special care of the books clerk provided for the us of the House
120
Duties of Rule 164 The Committee of Enrollment shall care
Committee
meitnroU y comPare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to their respective Houses
stonof Ride 165 The rules of this House known as Constitu
Kuies tional Rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of threefourths of the members voting
No debate Rule 166 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided withoutdebate
Motions Rule 167 Any motion not privileged containing new
notprivi r o
leged matter shall lie at least one day on the table
Record Rule 168 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered The Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Notneces Rule 169 Where a motion is made by any member
sary to sec J J r
ond motion it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House
tees how Rule 170 After the announcement of the standing
enlarged committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
of the floor Rule 171 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department State house officers and members of the Press actively reporting Legislative proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the committee bn the privileges of the floor
121
Rule 172 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Dlltyo Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and on Journals report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk
Rule 173 The House may by relieve itself from the operation of any rule other than the consentConstitutional Rules of the House
Rule 174 No member shall take any books or papers Members to from the possession of the House or Clerk without first ac and quainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the papers same in a reasonable time or on his demand
Rule 175 The hour to which the House shallstand Adjourn adjourned every day shall be 10 oclock A m of the succeeding day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the House
Rule 176 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays Motion for
shall be decided without debate Stable
Rule 177 All acts and joint resolutions shall begjgature signed by Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk
Rule 17V8 It snail be the duty of the Messenger to atDuty of tend to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker
Rule 179 The Messenger under the direction of thegPm Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Pages tnbuting of all documents and papers to be distributed to the tcmembers he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule ISO No Committee of the Whole or other cominterinieamittee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other bidden paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page Or line to which said amendments relate
122
Rule 181 No pairing of members shall be recognized
airing Qr aoweJ ag an excuse for nQ voting
committee 182 Whenever any member moves that a Com
of confer mittee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist only of such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not Jn said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker
Rule 183 After commitment of a bill and report merits thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Rule 184 No motion on a subject different from that Motion under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order
Rule 185 All reports of a committee shall be in writing
an minor und the minority of a committee may make a report in ity reports r
writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
Rule 186 Every motion to alter the rules of the
wnat mo
tewllie on Huse or for information from the Executive or Departments shall lie on the table one day
Rule 187 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk votesf shall read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Rule 188 Questions of privilege shall be first those of privilege affecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the
123
rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precede ence of ail other questions except a motion to adjourn
Rule 189 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
COMMITTEES
Rule 190 The Speakers shall appoint the following standing committees
General Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special and local bills
Committee on Appropriations
Committee on Ways and Means
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Railroads
Committee on Pensions
Committee on Invalid Pensions
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Internal Improvement
Committee on Privileges and Elections
General Committee on Agriculture for consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Agriculture for consideration of special and local bills
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Journals
Committee on Manufactures
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Banks
Committee on Education
Committee on Georgia School for the Deaf
Committee on Blind Asylum
Committee on Georgia State Sanitarium v Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Auditing
Committee on County and County matters
Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Immigration
Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation
Committee on Temperance
Committee on Public Property
124
Committee on Public Library
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Wild Lands
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee xn Roads and Bridges
Committee on Labor and Labor Statistics
Committee on Excuse of Members Absent without Leave
Committee on Hall and Committee Rooms
Committee on Rules of which the Speaker shall be exofficio Chairman
The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways nd Means shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 191 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Reading the Journal
4 Confirmation of the Journal
5 Motions to Reconsider
6 Reports of standing committees
7 Unfinished business of previous session
8 Orders of the day
9 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call of the counties for the introduction of new matter
10 House bills for third reading and House bills with Senate amendments
11 House bills for second reading
12 House resolutions
13 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate bills for first and sec nd reading shall be in order
14 On Wednesdays immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall be in order
15 Bills of Senate for third reading
125
16 Senate resolutions
17 The reports of the Committee on Enrollment may he made at any tine
Rule 192 No change of or addition to these rules shall
v Changing
be made unless such proposed change or addition be first mits
referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House
Rule 193 When any question arises which is not proquestions vided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be conTided for trolled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
BILL OF RIGHTS
PREAMBLE
To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidence of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution
ARTICLE I
Section I
Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them
Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete
Par III No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law
Par IV No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the Courts of this State in person by attorney or both
Par V Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury
Par VI No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any way to criminate himself
Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed
Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial
Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison
Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial
Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
128
ar lI A11 men have the natural and inalienable right to worship trod each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience 6
Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall he molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not oe so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State
Par XIV No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution
Par XY No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that lib
Par XVI The right of the people to he secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not he violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to he searchedand the person or things to be seized Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof
nXYIH social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation
The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law
r Yarj The power of the Courts to punish for contempts shall he limited by legislative acts
Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne
Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the sametime exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided
Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance
rtT A citizens of the United States resident in this State
are hereby declared citizens of this Stae and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the lull enyijment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship
Section II
Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth trjybn SVe J videneei aid the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the Judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved S S
Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levyf3Waagain8t heril adhrinS to her enemies giving them aid and com
5 hNfPerSOnconvicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open Court
129
Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture
of estate
Par IY All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws
Par Y Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par yi The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor
Section III
Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid
Par II No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of
special privileges or immunities shall be passed
Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall be revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation
Section iy
Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any ease for which provision has been made by an existinggeneral law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such Consent
Par II Legislative Acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them
Section y
Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive riht of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it
may be necessary to their safety and happiness
Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed
AliTICLE II
ELECTIVE FRANCHISE
Section I s
Paragraph l In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by ballot
130
Par II Every male citizen of the United States except as hereinafter provided twentyone years of age who shall have resided in this State one year next preceding the election and shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of him and which he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeable to law except for the year of the election shall be deemed an elector Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on dfity in this State and no person shall vote who if challenged shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation I do swear or affirm that I am twentyone years of age have resided in this State one year and in this county six months next preceding this election I have paid all taxes which since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State have been required of me previons to this year and which I have had an opportunity to pay and I have not voted at this election
Section II
Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration for all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State to wit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any Court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malefeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such person shall have been pardoned 2d Idiots and insane persons
Section III
Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same
Section IV
Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury
Par II No person who after the adoption of this Constitution being a resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law
Section V
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of electionState county or municipaland prescribe punishment for any violation of the same
131
Section VI
Paragraph I Keturns of elections for all civil officers elected by thepeople who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for themembers of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE III
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
Section I
Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall he vested in aGeneral Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives
Section II
Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fortyfour members There shall be fortyfour Senatorial districts as now arranged by counties Each district shall have one Senator
The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham
The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall and McIntosh
The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Pierce and Appling
i The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton
1 The Fifth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Coffee Ware and Clinch
The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes and Berrien
The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Colquitt
The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties ofr Decatur Mitchell and Miller
I The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker
The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth
The Eleventh Senatorial District Shall be composed of the counties of Clay Randolph and Terrell
i The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman
The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the countiesof Sumter Schley and Macon
The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge
The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery Telfair and Irwin
The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel and Johnson
The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the countiesof Screven Bulloch and Burke
132
The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson
The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties
of Taliaferro Greene and Warren
The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington
The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties
of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones
The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Monroe and Pike
The Twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford and Taylor
The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot
The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Payette
The Twentyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Newton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale
The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan
The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wilkes Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie
The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of thp counties of Oglethrope Madison and Elbert
The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hart Habersham and Franklin
The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin
The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson
The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett DeKalb and Henry
The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Counties of Clayton Cobb and Pulton
The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas
The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Troun
Th Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding
Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties or Milton Cherokee and Forsyth
b Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun
TW Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer
Eortyseeond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga
The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield
iortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of W alker Dade and Catoosa
Par III The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither the number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased
133
SECTION lit
Paragraph I The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and Seventyfive Representatives apportioned among the several counties as follows to wit To the six counties having the largest population viz Chatham Richmond Burke Floyd Bibb and Fulton three Representatives each to the twentysix counties having the next largest population viz Dooly Bartow Coweta Decatur Houston Greene Gwinnett Harris Jefferson Meriwether Monroe Muscogee Pulaski DeKalb Hall Walton Sumter Thomas Troup Washington Hancock Carroll Cobb Jackson Oglethorpe and Wilkes two Representatives each and to the remaining one hundred and five counties oneRepresentative each
Par II The above apportiontment shall be changed by the GeneralAssembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government so as to give the six counties having the largest population three Representatives each and to the twentysix countieshaving the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increasqjjl
Section IY
Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until thir successors are elected
Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Consitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the sam shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law
Par III The first meeting of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution shall be on the fourth Wednesday in October 1878 and annually thereafter on the Same day until the day shall be changed by law But nothing herein contained shall be construed toprevnt the Governor from calling an extra session of the Geneial Assembly before the first Wednesday in November 1878 if in his opinion the public good shall require it
Par IV A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members aS each House may pro
vide
Par Y Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support theConstitution of this State and of the United States and on all questioivs and measures which may come before me X will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State
J Par VI No session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than fifty days Provided that if an impeachment trial pending at the end of fifty days the session may be prolonged till the completion
of said trial
Par VII No person holding a military commissioner other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either House nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to
134
any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected
The seat of a member of either House shall he
vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he Was elected
Section Y
QParagrph11 The Senatrs shall be citizens of the United who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected
Par II The presiding oflicer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate and shall be elected viva voce from the senators
ment The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeach
Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief rT th PresidinS Justice of the Supreme Court Should Usce disqualified the Senate shall elect the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present
Par V Judgments in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law
Section YI
Paragraph I The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body
Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office
Section YII
Paragraph I Bach House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Par n Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House
Par III The mebers of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treasonfelony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either house
135
Par IV Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment
Par V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof
Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the journal
Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in case of actual invasion or insurrection But the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Par VIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the Genoral Assembly
Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a daw unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Par XIII All Acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate And the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Par XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the journal
Par XV By an act approved September 241885 an amendment to sthe Constitution was submitted to vote of the people in October 1886 and adopted whereby the original of this paragraph was stricken frqm this Constitution
Par XVI No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of rthe intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may bh situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law
Theevidenee of such notice having beenpublished shall he exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
V XII No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed bymaere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to he amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
tar A VIII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies nor to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children hut it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody ot the proper officer
Par XX Th General Assembly shall not authorize the construction ot any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities
Par XXI Whenever the Constitution requiresa vote of twothirds ot either or both Houses ior the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall he entered on the journal
Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State
XXIII No provision in this Constitution fora twothirds vote ot bothHouses of ths General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except m the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Par XXIY Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Section VIII
Paragraph The officers of the two Houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint hut the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the Bouse of Representatives shall he required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties
Section IX
Paragraph I The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going to and
137
returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding even dollars per day
Section X
Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall he viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare th reulf v
Section XI

Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband
Section XII
Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioners or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders
Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law
Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said ComptrollerGeneral one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interests and dividends arising from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with oth er securities equally acceptable to the ComptrollerGeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company
Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies
138
Par V The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people
ARTICLE IV
POWER OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OVER TAXATION
Section I
Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right inalieniable indestructible is the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly mor any nor all other departments of the Govornment established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said Government or any department tliei eof to effect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly
Section II
Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties
Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State
Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter oi any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law tor the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that said corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided That this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road
Par IV The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to
139
authorize any corporation to buy shares or stock in any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective business or to encourage monopoly and all such contracts and agreements shall be illegal and void
Par V No railroad company shall give pr pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or to do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties
Par VI No provision of this article shall be deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made by the State of Georgia
Par VII The General Assembly shall enfo v i of this article by appropriate legislation
ARTICLE V
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Section I
Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer
Par II The Executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his offices during the term of twb years and until bis successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years He shall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power But this reduction of salary shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor
Par III The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place biennally Thereafter on said day until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same
Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of th House of Representatives and transmitted the the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives
Par V The members of each brandi of the General Assembly shall convene in the Represent itive flail and the President of the Senate
140
and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish therreturns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly hnd the person having the majority of the whole number of vote shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed by the General Assembly to elect the Genera Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of themembers present shall be necessary to a choice
Par YI Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par VII No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years
Par VIII In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise the Executive powersof the government until such disability be removed or a successor iselected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor
Par IX The General Assembly shall have power to provide by lawfor filling unexpired terms by special elections
Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of hisoffice take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America
Par XI The Governor shallbe CommanderinChief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof
Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons tocommute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and to remit any part of a sentence for offences against the State after conviction except in cases of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating filename of the convict the offence for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and thereasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State
Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall givo the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall he
141
enacted at call sessions of tfce General Assembly except such as sbab relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them
Par XIV When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out in the Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof
Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter
Par XVI The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall he a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournmentshall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual
unless passed by twothirds of each House
Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each House
Par XVIII He may require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient jo examine under oath the Treasurer and ComptrollerGeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to rtheir respective offices and to inspect and review their books and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same
Par XIX The Governor shall have power to appoint his own Secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may be required in his office but the total cost for Secretaries and clerical force in his office shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum
Section II
Paragraph I The Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treas urer shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provision of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Goverrtor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their office for the same time as the Governor
Par II The salary of the Treasurer shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed sixteen hundred dollars per annum
142
Par HI The salary of the Secretary of State shall not exceed lwo thousand dollars per annum and the clerical expenses of hisdepartment shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annum
Par IV The salary of the ComptrollerGeneral shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department including the Insurance Department and Wild Land Clerk shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annum and without said clerk it shall not exceed three thousand dollarsper annum
Par V The Treasurer shall not be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitablepenalties
Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary ofr State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulations to be prescribed by law tor the faithful discharge of their duties
Par VII The Secretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral and the Treasurer shall not be allowed any fees perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State
Section III
Paragraph I The Great Seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the Great Seal of the State until otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE VI
JUDICIAKY
Section I
Paragraph I The judicial powers of this Stale shall be vested1 in a Supreme Court Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justice
143
of the Peace commissioned Notaries Public and other Courts as have been or may be established by law
Section II
Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices A majority of the Court shall constitute a quorum
Par II When one or more of the Judges are disqualified from diciding any case by interest or otherwise the Governor shall designate a Judge or Judges of the Superior Courts to preside in said case
Par III No Judge of any Court shall preside in any case where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation or municipalis involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds upon which the question to be decided arises
Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold their office for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumberent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor tothe incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall beelected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution os
Par V The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities and shall sit at the seat of government at such time in each year as shall be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts
Par VI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such writ of error is brought and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by Providential cuseit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed
Par VII In any case the Court may in its discretion withold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued
Par VIIIThe Supreme Court shall hereafter consist of a chief justice and five associate justices The court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting either in a body or in two divisions of three judges each under such regulations as inaybe prescribed by the Cenerai Assembly A majority of either division shall constitute a quorum for that division The chief justice and the associate justices of the Supreme Court shall hereafter be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor and the State house officers are elected except that the first election under this amendment sha ll be held on the third Wed
144
nesday in December 1896 at which time one associate justice shall bpelected for a full term of six years to fill the vacancy occurring on January 1st 1897 by the expiration of the term of one of the present incumbents and three additional associate justices shall be elected for terms expiring respectivelyJanuary Is 1899 January lsrf 190 and January 1st 1908 The persons elected as additional associate justices shall among themselves determine by lot which of the three last mentioned terms each shall haVo and they shall be commissioned accordingly
After said first election all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years each In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall hare been elected and qualified The returns of said special election shall be made to ihe Secretary of State
Act approved December 16 1895
Section III
Paragraph I Thbre shall be a judge of the Superior Court for each Judicial Circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law
Par II The successors to the present incumbents shall be elected by the General Assembly as follows To the half as near as may be whose commissions are the oldest in the year 1878 and to the others in the year 1880 All subsequent elections shall be at the session of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents except elections to fill vacancies The day of election may be fixed by the General Assembly
Par III The terms of the Judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections But if the time for the meeting of the General Assembly shall be changed the General Assembly may change the time when the terms of Judges thereafter elected shall begin
Section IV
Paragraph I The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases
Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of Equity in this State
Par III Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided
145
Par IV They shail have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may he provided by law
Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge And said Courts and the Judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or maybe conferred on them by law
Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the Superior Courts and City to another and the said Court may grant new trials on legal grounds
Par VII The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation
Par VIII The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law
Par IX The General Assembly miy provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding Judge is from any cause disqualified
Section V
Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a City Court the Judge of said Court and o the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the Judge of either Court is disqualified to preside
Section VI
Paragraph I The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by lalw
Par II The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conlerred on them by law
Par III The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified
Section VII
Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one Justice of the Peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may bean appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law
Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
46
Section VIII
Paragraph I Commissioned Notaries Public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the Judges of the Superior Courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be ex officio Justices of the Peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section IX
Paragraph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all Courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such Courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly
Section X
Paragraph I There shall be an AttorneyGeneral of this State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor
Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to reprethe legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XI
Paragraph I There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except when commissioned to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II It shall be theduty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral shall be elected by the General Assembly in joint sessipn on such day or days as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses At the session of the General Assembly which is held next before the expiration of the terms of the present incumbents as provided in this Constitution their successors shall be chosen and the same shall apply to the election of those who shall succeed them Vacancies occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the General Assembly shall convene when an election shqll be held to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms
Section XIII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the Treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the Attor
147
meyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect the salaries of those now in office
Par II The General Assembly may at anv time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other anddifferent salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission
Section XIV
Paragraph I No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts or AttorneyGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven vears and no person shall be hereafter elected Solicitor General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election
Section XV
Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the Court
Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties
Section XVI
Paragraph I Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant he not a resident of this State then in the county in which the plaintiff resides
Par IT Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by 1 county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction
Par III Equitycases shall be tried in thecounty where a de fendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed
Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county
Par V Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in diffe rent counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides
Par VI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county
Section XVII
Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner ashas been or shall be provided by law
148
SECTION XVIII
Paragraph I The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury in Courts other than the Superior and City Courts
Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors
Par III It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State
Section XIX
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of County Commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties
Section XX
Paragraph I All Courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly
Section XXI
Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten dollars unless otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said Court when the usual h is filled in the Court below
ARTICLE VII
FINANCE TAXATION AND PUBLIC DEBT
Section I
Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only
For the support of the State Government and the public institutions
For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only
To pay the interest on the public debt
To pay the principal of the public debt
To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war
To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life and to make suitable provisions for such Confederate Soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate Soldiers as may have died in the service Oj the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or disease contracted in the service Provided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband
149
Section li
Paragraph I All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects and ad valorem on all property subject to be taxed within the teritorial limits of the authority levying the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws The General Assembly may however impose a tax on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property
Par II The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purpose of sale or gain Provided the property so exempted be not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income
Par III No poll tax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll
Par IV All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void
Par V The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant towhich the State shall be a party
Section III
Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of waror to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate two hundred thousand dollars
Section IV
Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purposes for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for tne purposes specified and for no other
Section V
Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder m any company association or corporation
Section VI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operaleto prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their r spective limits Provided that ut
150
any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for lociofc h Ste aooipl8uoh ff the corporation
Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to ZLmtj tEe5 tolevT a tax for any purpose except foAducational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an nglish education only to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners nnrfr lltlSatlonquarantine roads and expenses of Courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing f
Section VII
Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political divisionof this State except as in thi Const tution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed m ini Hi the taxable property therein and no such county municiPiil or dlvlslon shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth reerrCentUm of assessed value of taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the qualified votershereof at an electron for that purpose to be held as may be prescribed bylaw but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of
ihnStftUr nVi authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation
ihiYfT TUn y municlPal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provibions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of sodoin provide
aind lectlon an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of thp incurring of said indebtedness JJ
Section VIII
L ThState shal not aume the debt nor any part
the qtfipfaiiy CU 001Pratioib or political division of
the State unless such debt shall be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war
Section IX
Jafaph h Th3 receiving directly or indirectly by anyoffieer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assemblv of any interests profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by jaw a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office H
Section X
Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal govern
151
Section XI
Paragraph 1 The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which hhve been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in an v Court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations
Section XII
Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war
Section XIII
Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not bo used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds
Section XIV
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet matured and shall be applied to no other purposp whatever If the bonds cannot at any time be purohased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of tfie State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued upder the Act of February the 19th 1878 shall have been paid
Section XV
Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for three
152
months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent personsconnected with his department and causd an abstract thereof to bo published for the information of the people which abstract shall le indorsed by him as having been examined
Section XVI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association
Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered v
Section XVII
Paragraph I The office of the State Printer shall cease with the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the faithful performance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract
ARTICLE VIII
EDUCATION
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of children in the elementary branches of an English education only as nearly uniform as practicable the expenses of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races
r SrCTION II
Paragraph I There shall he a Stale School Commissioner elected hy the people at the same time and manner as the Governor and State house officers are elected whose term of office shall he two years and until his successor is elected and qualified His office shall he at the seat of the government and he shall he paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars 2000 per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Commissioner such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the sytem of puhfic educa tion
Act approved December 18 1894
g Section III
Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now bejonging to theState except the endowment of and debt due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and of the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the support of common schools
153
Section IV
Paragraph I Authority may be granted to counties upon the recommendation of two grand juries and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation but no such local laws shall take effect until the same shall have been submitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation and approved by a twothirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election and the General Assembly may prescribe who shall vote on such question
Section V
Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in section first of this article shall be construed to deprive schools in this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education
Section VI
Paragraph I The Trustees of the University of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of th annual interest on the debt due by the State to the University the General Assembly may from time to time make such donations thereto as the condition of the treasury will authorize And the General Assembly may also from time to time make such appropriations of money as the condition of the treasury will authorize to any college or university not exceeding one in number now established or hereafter to be established in this State for the education of persons of color
ARTICLE IX
HOMESTEAD AND EXEMPTION
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or persons having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars
Note The above provision of the Constitution was specially submitted to the people and ratified as a part thereof by them on December 5th 1887
Section II
Paragraph I No Court or ministerial officer in this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgment execution or decree against the property set apart for such purpose
154
including such improvements as may be made thereon from time to time except for taxes for the purchase money of the same for labor done thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of incumbrances thereon
Section III
Paragraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be selected by himself and wife if any and he shall not after it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so exempted but it may be sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the Judge of the Superior Court of the county where the debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses
Section IV
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law asearly as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of said property But nothing in this article shall be construed to affect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of properly from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049inclusive and the Act amendatory thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take either but not both of such exemptions
Section V
Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to wnive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in section four except as is excepted in section three of this article
Section V f
Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed n sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount
Section VII
Paragraph I Homestead and exemptions of personal property which nave been heretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which may hereafter so set apart at any time shall be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revisid
Section VIII
Paragraph I Rights which have become vested under previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In all cases in which homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made in pursuance thereof and a b ova fide saleoC such property has been subsequently made and the full purchase price
155
thereof paid all right of exemption in such property bv reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchase price has been paid such transactions shall be governed by the laws now of iorce in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart
Section IX
Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the Judge of the Superior Courts of this State
ARTICLE X
MILITIA
Section I
Paragraph1 A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist
Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same
Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not m active service by authority of the State
ARTICLE XL
COUNTIES AND COUNTY OFFICERS
Section I
Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided
Par II No new county shall be created
I Iar HI County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose
Par IV No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the countv voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Par V Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose
156
Section II
Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their offices for two years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter
Section III
Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of commissioners of roads and revenue in any county
ARTICLE XII
THE LAWS OP GENERAL OPERATION IN EORCE IN THIS STATE
Section I
Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State are first as the supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the UnitedStates
Par II Second As next in authority thereto this Constitution
Par III Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly The tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law
Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms
Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdictiop in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud
Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversion by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in conformity with the law of force when they were made
Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their sue
157
cessors are duly elected or appointed and qualified but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may he abolished by this Constitution
Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and capital questions to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of constitutional provisions
MothUnder the ordinance of the Convention submitting the question of the location of the capital to the people the city of Atlanta was chosen December 5th 1877
ARTICLE XIII
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
Section I
Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one1 or more papers in each Congressional district for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Par II No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable
Section II
Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratification or rejection to the voters of the State atan election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election in favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification
158
Par II The votes cast at said election shall he consolidated in each of the counties of the State as is now requiredby law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in favor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes east be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected
ORDINANCES
AN ORDINANCE
lie it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1st That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by this Convention
2d That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest number of votes shall be the capital of the State xmtil changed by the same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
1st That the article adopted by this Convention on the subject of Homestead and Exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided
2d At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868
3d In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in the event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on Homestead and Exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede article seven of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of Homestead and Exemptions and form a part of this Constitution
4th If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on Homestead and Exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified
Read and adopted in Convention August 22 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
160
AN ORDINANCE
Whereas A committee has been appointed by this Convention to consider and inquire into the ways and means by which the expenses of this Convention over and above those provided for by the General Assembly can be defrayed and whereas the committee are satisfied that a sufficient sum of money for the samecan be procured by an ordinance of this Convention therefore
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled anct it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
That the President of this Convention shall be and he iff hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate a loan of a sufficient sum of money at seven per cent per annum to defray the residue of the expenses of this Convention not provided for by the Act of the General Assembly calling this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 18 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgiain Convention assembled
1st That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention
2 That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratification or rejection of this Constitution as therein provided and a vote upon the Capital and Homestead questions asprovided by the ordinances of this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
There shall be sixteen Judicial Circuits in this State and it shalB be the duty of the General Assembly to organize and apportion the same in such manner as to equalize the business and labor of the Judges in said several circuits as far as may bepracticable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to reorganize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed by law
Red and adopted in Convention August 23 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
W President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
161
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
Paragraph 15 of Section 7 Article 3 stricken out
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been per manently injured in such service
See Acts of 18841885
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 also amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provision for such Confederate soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or diseases contracted therein
Paragraph 3 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out biennially after the word and and before the word thereafter and substituting therefor the word annually
Paragraph 6 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out the words forty days unless by a twothirds vote of the whole number of each House and substituting therefor fifty days These amendments were construed to apply to Article 3 instead of Article 2
Paragraph 7 Section 7 Article 3 amended by adding thereto but the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Paragraph 18 Section 7 Article 3 amended by striking out after the Word companies in the second line the following words viz Except bankinginsurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies and substituting therefor at the end of said paragraph after the word courts the following viz All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by theSecretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
See Acts of 189091 Vol 1 pages 55 to 60 inclusive
Paragraph 1 Section 1 of Article 7 by adding after the word service in the thirteenth line of said paragraph the following words towit Or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves
Act approved December 19 18t3 Adopted by vote of the people Oct 1894
162
Paragraph 2 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows The successors to th present and subsequent incumbents Shall be elected by the electors entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly of the whole State at the general election held for such members next precedmg the expiration of their respective terms provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by th General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years
Paragraph 3 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that said paragraph shall read as follows The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their election Every Vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointments of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a sdccessor for the unexpired term shall be elected
Paragraph 1 Section 11 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except to Jill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other caused shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before thefirst day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years
INDEX
TO THE
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
NoteReferences in the Index are made to the Article Section and Paragraph of the prevision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed
A
A S P
Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled 3 4 4
Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited 1 19
Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for 1 1 15
Academy incorporated exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Acceptors suits against where tried 6 16 5
Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly 3 7 11
Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand 1 15
Acts amending or repealing must describe the law
affected 3 7 1
Local and private authority of 12 1 4
Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker
of House 3 7 13
Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7 21
Adjournment of Legislature by less than a majority 34 4
Consent of both Houses required when 3 7 24
Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them 3 7 24
Resolutions of not submitted toGovernor 5 1 17
Ad valorem Tax on property shall be 7 2 1
Aged and infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited 1 1 14
To any person or corporation by lending credit or
taking stock prohibited 7 5 1
To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited 7 16 1
Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited 7 6 1
Amendments to Appropriation and P ue bills by
Senate 3 7 10
To Constitution 13 1 1
164
A m endmen tsContinued
a s P
To statute or code form of amendment act 3 7 17
Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones 7 2 1
Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City
Courts 6 4
From Ordinary to Superior Court 6 6 1
From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court 6 7 2
Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Coprt 6 4 4
A ppointment of Legislator to another office prohibited 3 4 7
By Governor to fill vacancies 5 1 14
Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Apportionment of Representatives how changed 3 3 2
Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3
Bills general and special 3 7 9
Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10
Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on 3 7 12
Bills may be approved in part 5 l 16
Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 3 7 11
For University of Georgia and College for colored
pupils 8 6 1
Approval of Governor to Bills 5 1 15
Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders 5 1 17
Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing 1 1 22
Army of the State Governor is Commander of 5 1 11
Arrest abuse under prohibited 11 9
Punishment for rescue from under order either
House 3 7 2
Privilege of Elector from 2 3 1
Privilege of member Legislature from 3 7 3
Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers 7 1 1
Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed 1 l 24
Associate Justice of Supreme Court 6 2 1
Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Attainder bill of prohibited 1 3 2
Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled 3 44
Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 3 7 3
Attorney right to defend or prosecute by 114
Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 115
General election of 6 10 1
General duties 6 10 2
General sSlary 6 13 1
General qualifications 6 14 1
Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc 12 1
165
B
A S P
Bail shall not be excessive 119
Ballot election by the people shall be by 2 11
Banishment beyond the State prohibited I 1 7
Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 3 7 18
Bequests may be received by the University of Georgia 8 6 1
Bills number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 7
Majority of all members in favor of necessary to
passage 3 7 14
Rejected not again proposed without consent of two
thirds 3 7 13
Appropriation and Revenue must originate in
House 3 7 10
Appropriations general and special requisites of 3 7 9
Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12
Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled 5 J 10
See Local Bills also Acts
Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8 1
Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGenl
and Treasurer 5 2 0
Required of Public Printer 7 17 1
Bonded debt not to be increased 7 12 1
Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13 1
Of county or city provisions for meeting 11 2
Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot
preside 6 2 3
Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted
to suit 7 11 3
Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of
Road 7 13 1
Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed
by law H 1 1
Bribery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting 2 2 1
Bridges established by the Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Bridges Ordinarys jurisdiction in matters of 6 6 2
Bridges taxation by county to keep up 7 6 2
Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose 7 4 3
Buildings public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public tax by county to maintain 7 6 2
Ordinary s jurisdiction 6 6 2
Burial places exempt from tax 7 2 2
C
Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Capital location of ordinance concerning 12 1 8
166
A S I
Capitol site for may be donated to the State 7 0 I
Censure of members of Legislature for misconduct 3j 7 1
Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior
ir 6 4 5
Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 1 2
Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies for
office 2 4 2
Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public aid from county or city 7 6 1
Charter of Corporations amended on conditions 4 2 c
Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trialssee Supreme Court 3s 5 4
Children legitimatized and names changed by the
Courts 3 7 18
Church not to receive money from the State 1 1 14
Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1 25
Of the State entitled to vote when 2 1 2
City aid by donation or taking stock prohibited 7 6 N 1
Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7 2C
Courts of the State need not be uniform 0 9 1
Court appeals and new trials in 0 4 0
Court errors corrected in Supreme Court 0 2 5
Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 0 5 1
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 j
Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government 7 10 1
Public schools may be maintained by tax 8 4 1
Civil authority superior to the military 1 1 19
Cases where tried g jg g
Cases judgment by Court without Jury when 6 4 7
Cases venue hdw changed g 17 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court g 4 g
Jurisdiction of Justices Court 0 7 2
Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and
ComptrollerGeneral 5 22 3 4
Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and
Bond of 3 8 1
Clerks of the Governor 5 1 19
Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to
numbers 3 7 17
Colleges exeUipt from taxation 7 2 2
For colored pupils 8 6 1
Colored pupils College for 8 6 1
167
A S P
Colored and white Public Schools to be separate 8 11
Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary of 8 2 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6 19 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 113 1
Committee on Local and Special bills 8 7 5
Common Law Courts may be clothed with equity jurisdiction 6 5 2
Common School systemsee Education 8 1 1
Commutation power in the Governor 5 1 12
Tax for military services goes to Schools 83 l
Companies incorporation of 3 7 IS
Volunteer military organization of K 1 2
Compensation for private ways and public use of property 13 1
Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3 S 1
Of Jurors how fixed 6 IS
Extra not be granted officers or contractors 7 16 2
Competition arrangements by corporations to defeat
void 4 2 4
ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance Com
parues o 1
Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies 3 13 3
Officer of Executive Department 5 1 1
Examination suspension and discharge of 5 1 IS
Election of 5 2 1
Salary and Clerks hire 6 2 4
Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6
Perquisites not allowed to 5 2 7
Must report to Governor 7 15 1
Confederate Soldiers pensions for 7 1 1
Public debt not to be paid 1 7 11 1
Conscience right of not to be controlled 1 1 12
Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness 1 1 13
Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases 14 1
City to building Street Railroads within its limits 3 7 20
Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by
the people 1 5 1
Authority of 12 1 2
Amendments of 13 1 1
Amendments by Convention 13 1 2
To be submitted to the people 13 2 1
And United Stateslaws in violation of void 1 4 2
Of United States authority of 12 1 1
Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13 1 2
168
Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated
Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for
Either House of General Assembly may punish for
Contested Election for Governor
Contracts laws impairing obligation of void
By Government releasing power to tax void
By Government heretofore made not impaired
Between corporations defeat competition void
Judgments on without verdict when
Jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of
Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government
Convention see Constitutional Convention and Ordinances
Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until
Does not work corruption or forfeiture
Of certain offenses disfranchises
Impeachment vote necessary
Dueling disqualifies for office
Copartners suits against where tried
Coroners County Tax to pay
Corporate powers what may he granted by LegislatureCorporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain
Legislation in favor of conditional
Acts of to defeat competition and monopolize void
Bight to tax not to be released
State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to
County or City not to take stock in aid or lend
credit to
Donations to from State prohibited
Authority of rights already accrued to
Municipalsee City
Costs not payable by defendant till conviction
In Supreme Court
County Commissioners may be created
Debt to be incurred by limited
Debt not to be assumed by State
Debt bonded provisions for meeting
Not to aid or take stock in Corporation
Public Schools may be maintained by
Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction
Officers election term qualification and removal
A 8 P
1 5 5
1 1 20
3 7 2
5 1 6
1 3 r
4 1 l
4 2 6
4 2 4
6 4 7
6 7 2
7 16 2
1 1 10
1 2 3
2 2 1
3 5 4
2 4 2
6 16 4
7 6 2
3 7 18
1 3 3
4 2 2
4 2 3
4 2 4
7 2 5
7 5 1
7 6 1
7 16 1
12 1 5
1 1 10
6 21 1
6 19 1
11 3 1
7 7 1
7 8 1
7 7 2
7 6 1
8 4 1
G 6 2
11 2 l
169
County CommissionersContinued
A s P
Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1
Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries It 1 1
New one not to be created 11 1 2
Lines and site how changed 11 1 34
Merger of 11 1 5
Special Acts authority of 12 1 4
Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 1 2
ourts power to punish for contempt limited 11 20
Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 18
Of the State 6 1 1
Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 2Q 1 Of Common Law may be vested with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2
Of same grade throughout State must be uniform 6 9 1
Courts tax to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 2 1
Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 1 5
Existing judgments and decrees of ratified 12 1 6
See also Supreme Superior City and Justice Courts
Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons 7 6 1
Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed
property of debtor 12 6
Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter 13 3
Grime conviction in what cases disfranchises 2 2 1
Lobbying declared to be 16 5
Criminal cases Jury judges of law and fact 1 2 1
Judge may grant new trial on conviction1 2 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 1
Rights of defendant in 1 15
Where tried 6 16 6
Venue when changed 6 17 1
D
Damages jurisdiction of JusticesCourts in cases of 6 7 1
Death of Governor vacancy how filled 5 18
Officer vacancy how filled 5 1 14
Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in 3 7 3
Debts Public taxation to pay 7 1 1
Public new debt contracted to pay 7 3 2
Power of State to contract restricted 7 3 1
1 Of County taxation to pay 7 6 2
Power of City or County to contract restricted 7 7 1
170
DebtsContinued
A S P
To be incurred by City only on authority of City
Government 7 10 1
Of County or City not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Void and Confederate against State not to be paid 7 111
Debtor Concealing Property provisions against 12 6
May waive Homestead9 3 l
May waive Exemptions of the old Code 9 5 l
Decrees of Court authority and ratification of 12 1 56
Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to 114
Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment
when 6 4 7
Of State debts may be contracted for 7 3 1
Deficiency of Revenue in State supplied by borrowing 7 3 I
Of Revenue in City and County supplied by borrowing 7 7 1
Deposit required of Insurance Companiesi 3 12
Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from 5 2 5
Disabilities may be removed by Governor 5 1 12
Discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated 4 2 1
Disordely behavior in presence of Legislature punished 3 7 12
Disqualification to hold office or vote 2 2 1
Religious opinion is not 1 1 13
To hold office in more than one department 1 1 23
Gf illegal holders of public money 2 4 1
Of Duelists 242
For Legislature and of legislator to other office 3 4 7
Resulting from impeachment 3 5 5
Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides 6 2 2
Judge of Superior Court who presides 6 4 9
Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge 6 5 1
Of interested Judge in bond cases 6 2 3
Districts Senatorial number composition and change of 3 21 23
Divorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 0 4 1
First and second verdicts in cases of 6 15 12
Suits where tried 6 16 1
Domestic animals of vicious nature special tax on 7 2 1
Animals tax on goes to educational purposes 8 1 1
Donations by State prohibited 7 16 1
By State to University allowed 8 6 1
Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried 6 16 5
Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office 2 4

Education Common School System established
Commissioner of Public Schoos
Confined to English in local public schools Confined to English in State public schools
Poll Tax for purposes of
Special Tax for purposes of
Taxation for purposes of by State
Taxation for purposes of by City or County
Election by the people shall be by ballot
By the Legislature shall be viva voce
Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited
Privilege of Electors while attending
Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature
Returns where made
Of members General Assembly
President of the Senate
Speaker of the House of Representatives Governor
Governor returns how made
Returns opened andpublished
Governor by General Assembly
Contested
Special
To fill vacancies in General Assembly
Judges of Supreme Court
Judges of Superior Court
Judges Supreme Superior Courts and SolGenl
Justices of the Peace
AttorneyGeneral
By City or County on creating a new Debt
City or County on School question
To change County Site
Merge one County into another
Election of County Officers
On amendments to Constitution
Ratification of Constitution
Electors who shall be so deemed
Registration of may be provided for
Privileges of while attending elections
Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises
A S p
8 1 1
8 2 1
6 2
8 1 1
2 O
8 3 1
1 1
7 G 2
7 6 1
g 1 I
3 10 1
2 h 1
2 O 1
7 18
2 G 1
3 4 2
of 3 7 1
5 2
6 2
5 1 3
5 1 4
5 1 5
5 1 5
5 1 6
5 1 9
5 1 13
5 2 1
G 2 4
6 3 2
6 12 1
G 7 3
6 10 1
7 7 1
8 4 1
il 1 4
n 1 5
h 2 1
13 1 1
13 2 1
2 1 2
2 2 1
2 3 1
2 2

172
a s Pi
Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of Corporations 4 2 2r
Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of 9 2 1
Endorsers suits against where tried r G 16 5
Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations 4 2 1
Equity Cases where tried G 10
Jurisdiction is in Superior Court 9 4 1
Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law
Courts 6 4 2
Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme
Court 6 2 5
Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari 6 4 i
Estate not forfeited by conviction 12 3
Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden 1 1 O
Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments are
distinct 1 1 2
Department officers of 5 1 1
Department officers of report suspension and removal of 5 1 18
Powers rested in Governor 5 1
Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption 7 2 2 4
From Levy and Sale 9 1 1
From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver of 9 5 L
Exhibitions special tax on goes to Public Schools 8 3 1
Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor 5 1 18
Of Clerks of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral
and Treasurer 5 2 2 34
Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed 1 3 2
Express Companies chartered by Legislature 8 7 18
Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 3 7 1
Extra session of Legislature before November 1 st 1878 3 4 3
Session of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 l 13
Compensation not to be allowed ly Government 7 16 2
F
Family each Head of entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1
Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Ferries established by Courts not Legislature 7 18
Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning 6 6 2
lii
173
A 8 P
Fines imposed must not be excessive 119
Imposed on member of Legislature for lisconduct 3 7 1
Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of 3 12 4
Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from 5 1 2
Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction 1 2 3
Of Recognizance relieved against when 3 7 19
Of Charter remitted only on conditions 4 2 3
Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for 1 2 6
Judgments attacked for 12 1 5
Free Schoolssee Education 8 11
Freight on Railroads subject to regulation bylaw 4 2 1
Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged 4 2 5
Furniture waiver of Exemption not good against all 9 3 1
Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
Of Public officers not to profit from use of 7 9 1
Sinking provided for 7 14 1
a
General Assembly
Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative
power 3 11
Members of elected for two years 3 4 1
Election when held 3 4 2
Election returns where made 2 6 1
Attendance of required 3 4 4
Oath of 3 4 5
Who are disqualified to be 3 4 7
Disqualified for certain other officest 3 4 7
Not to profit from use of public funds 7 9 1
Not to be interested in public printing 7 17 1
Seats of vacated by removal 3 4 8
Punished for misconduct in each House 3 7 1
Privileges of 3 7 3
Per diem and mileage of 3 9 1
Majority of all necessary to passage of bill 3 7 14
Officers of who are 381
Quorum of to transact business 3 4 4
Adjournment by less than a quorum 3 4 4
Adjournment for more than three days etc 3 7 24
Flections by shall be viva vooq 3 10 1
Of Judges of Supreme Court by 1st election 6 2 4
Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election 6 3 2
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and
SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1
Of Governor by when 5 15
Of Governor contested determined by 5 1 6
174
General assemblyContinued
a s p
May pardon commute of reprieve for treason 5 1 12
May direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3
Sessions of are annual 3 4 3
Of limited to 50 days 3 4 0
Of extra may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Of joint held in Representative Hall 3 10 1
Each House of may compel attendance of members 3 4 4r
Is judge of electn and qualificatn of its membrs 3 7 1
May punish for misconduct 3 7 12
Must keep a Journal 3 7 4
Has general power of legislation 3 7 22
HAS POWER BY LAW TO
Provide punishment for fraud 1 2 6
For registration of voters 2 2 L
For removal Secretary of State Comptroller
General and Treasurer 5 1 8
For appeals in Superior and City Courts G 4 G
Forappointments of Judge pro hac vice 6 4 9
Commissioners for county affairs G 19 1
For organizing the Militia 10 1 1
Prescribe manner of bearing arms 1 1 22
Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts G IS 1
Who shall vote on School questions 8 4 1
Change Senatorial Districts when 3 2 13
Apportionment of Representatives 3 3 2
Governors Salary by twothirds vote 5 1 2
Salaries of Judges Attorneys and Soicitors
General 6 13 2
Substitute another officer for School Commissioner 8 2 1
Establish Courts 6 11
Abolish Courts not named in Constitution Q 20 2
Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts 6 4 2
Authorize formation of Voluuteer Companies 10 1 2
Require Ejre Insurance Companies to make deposit 3 12 4
Subject corporate property to public use when 4 2 1
Sell States property 7 13 L
Make donations to University of Georgia 8 6 1
Make donations to College for colored people 8 6 1
Amend Constitution in manner provided 13 1 1
Call Constitutional Convention as provided 13 1 2
175
General Assembly Continued
SHALL BY LAW
a s Pi
Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt 1 1 20
Protect citizens in their rights 1 1 25
Provide penalty against Lottery Agents 1 2 4
Provide penalty against Lobbying 1 2 5
Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days 3 5 1
Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee 5 2 5
Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor 12 6
Compel Insurance Companieto report to Governor 3 12 5
Regulate Freight and Passenger tariff 4 2 H
Enforce provisions against monopolies etc 4 2 X
Establish uniformity in local tribunals 6 9
Provide for selection and compensation of jurors 6 18 23
A Sinking FundV 7 14 1
For letting Public Printing to highest bidder 7 17 i
Setting apart and valuation of Homestead 9 4 1
For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 te
SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW
To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press 1 1 15
Respecting social status of citizens 1 1 lit
Of Attainder ex post facto impairing contracts 13 25
Making irrevocable grants of special privileges 13 2
To revoke grants to injury of creditors or corporators 1 3 3
Of special nature when general law provides 1 4 1
Varying general law affecting private rights without
consent 1 4 1
In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United
States 14 2
Referring to more than one matter or different from
titleH 3 7
Incorporating companies except for class named 3 7 18
Relieving against recognizances except as stated 3 7 1
Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys
consent 3 7 20
For benefit of particular corporations except on
conditions 4 2 X
Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another
County or City to aid persons or corporations 7 G ll
Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts 7 11 1
Granting donation or gratuity to persons or Corporations 7 16 1
Extra compensation to officer or contractors 7 16 St
See Tax
176
A S P
Ood may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience i 1 12
Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 l l
Executive powers vested in 5 1 2
Salary term and limitations of terms of office 5 12
Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 14
Of by the Legislature when5 1 5
Qualification and oath of 5 1 10
Death resignation or disability of 5 18
Secretary and Clerks of 5 1 19
Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the
reace i 5 111 12
Hay adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24
Call Extra Session of the Legislature 5 1 13
Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1
Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 5 1 12
Remove disabilities1 5 1 12
With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Rt quire services of AttorneyGeneral 6 10 2
Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature 5 1 13
Fill vacancies in otheroffices 5 1 14
Offices of J udges and Solicitors General 6 12 1
AJ point State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
Com mission Notaries Public exofficio Justices of
Peace 6 8 fi
Examine and publish Report of Comptroller and
and Treasurer 7 15 1
Proclaim result of Election on Constitution 13 2 2
Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office 3 4 7
A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15
Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature 5 1 17
Supervision over Executive officers 5 1 18
Government originates with people duty of 1 1 12
Exclusive right of the people to regulate 15 1
Legislative Executive and Judicial Departments
distinct 1 1 23
Support of by taxation 7 1 1
Grants limiting power to tax void 4 11
Irrevocable of special privileges void 1 3 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice l 3 3
Great Seal of the State use and device of 5 3 1
Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 1 l
177
H
A S P
Habeas Corpus Writ shall not he suspended 1 1 11
Head of family entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and
amount of 9 11
Not subject to levy and sale 9 2 1
Waiver and sale of 9 3 1
Setting apkrt of to he provided for 9 4 1
Supplemental 9 6 1
Already allowed good against old debts 9 7 1
Ordinance effect of 12 1 8
Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8 1
Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 9 9 1
Under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
Under Debtors Act Waiver of 9 5 1
House secure from search except as provided 1 1 16
Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provlled 1 19
Of Representativessee Representatives
Household furniture waiver of exemption on 3 1
Husbands debts wifes property not liable for 3 11 1
I
Idiots disqualified to vote or hold office 2 2 1
Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted 1 3 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 13 3
Impeachment power in House of Representatives 3 6 3
Power to tryin the Senate 3 5 3
Chief Justice to preside at trial of 3 5 4
Vote necessary to convict 3 5 4
Effect of conviction 3 5 5
Governor cannot pardon in case of 5 1 12
Imprisonment abuse under forbidden 119
For debt prohibited 1 l 21
For misbehavior in presence of Legislature 3 7 12
Improvement on Homestead is part of 9 2 1
Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand 115 Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied 15 2
Insane personsvnot entitled to vote or hold office 2 2 1
Inspection by Governor of Executive Offices 5 1 18
Installation of Governor 5 1 3
Insurance Department expense of 5 2 4
Companies to make reports to Governor 3 12 5
Chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
178
Insurance DepartmentContinued
A rt i
Fire deposit made with Treasury 3 12 4
Foreign and Heme Life deposits required 3 12 13
Foreign Life ComptrollerGeneral to license 3 12 2
Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay 7 11
Intoxicating drinks hot to be furnished on election days 2 5 1
Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass
summarily 3 7 7
Tax to suppress 7 11
Bonded debt incurred to suppress 7 12 1
Debts contracted to suppress 7 3 1
Contracted by city or county to suppress assumed
by State 7 8 1
Invasionsee Insurrection
Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead 9 3 1
Irrevocable grants of special privileges void 13 2
J
Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited 1 1 8
Joint obligors suit against where tried 6 16 4
Owner in property State shall not become 7 5 1
Journal each House of the General Assembly shall keep 3 7 4
Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State 3 7 5
Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of one
fifth 3 7 6
Yeas and nays to be recorded in when tvvotliird
vote is required 3 7 21
Must show majority of all members voted for bills
passed 3 7 14
Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1 I
Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature 3 10 1
Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested
in the bonds 6 2 3
Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize 1 6 4 9
May grant new trials in cases of conviction 12 1
See Supreme Superior and City Courts
Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct 1 1 23
Powers of the State where vested 6 11
Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void 14 2
Judgment of Impeachment extent of 3 5 5
Of Supreme Court may be withheld one term 6 2 7
Without verdict of Jury when 6 4 7
Of Courts authority of 12 1 5
Heretofore rendered ratified 12 16
179
A S P
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of Superior Court 6 4 1
Of Superior Court appellate 644
Of Ordinary 6 6 1
Of Ordinary County matters 6 6 2
Of Justices of the Peace 6 7 2
Against homesteads denied 9 2 1
Jury right of trial by an impartial 115
Right of trial by Guaranteed 6 18 1
Judges of law and fact in criminal cases 12 1
Appeal from one to another in Superior and City
Courts 6 4 6
From Justice of the Peace to 6 7 2
Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for appointment 6 8 1
Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6 18 2
Compensation of how fixed 6 18 3
Tax by county to pay 7 6 2
Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature 3 4 7
Part of Judiciary 0 1 1
Election Commission and removal of 6 7 3
Term of 0 7 1
Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals 6 7 2
Ex Officio 0 8 1
K
Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of 9 3 1
L
Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for 9 2 1
Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court 6 4 1
Cases involving title to tried at what place 6 16 2
Homestead and Exemption on 9 1 1
Larceny conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1
Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 1 1 3
Laws of general nature must have uniform operation 1 4 1
Of general nature affecting private rights how varied 14 1
Unconstitutional are void 1 4 2
For more than one matter or different from title
void 3 7 8
Majority vote of all members necessary to pass 3 7 14
For tax shall be general 7 2 1
Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone 3 7 17
For borrowing money must be specific 7 4 1
To change County lines must be a general law 11 1 3
180
LawsContinued
A S P
Of general operation 12
Of United States authority ofi 12 1 1
Of Georgia authority of 12 1 3
Local and special authority of 12 1 4
See Local also General Assembly O
Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Legislative power is in the General Assembly 3 11
Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23
LegislatureSee General Assembly
Legitimate Children power in Courts 3 7 18
Levy and Sale exemptions from 1 1
Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence 12 1
Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of
law 1 13
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 1
Of Conscience not to be controlled 1 1 12
Of speech or press not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Libraries Public may be exemptfrom taxation 7 2 2
Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Conscience 1 1 13
Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of
law 1 1 3
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 18
Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court G 4 1
See Insurance
Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law411 1 3
Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes 8 3 1
Not to be furnished on Election days 2 5 1
List of witnesses to be furnished defendant on demand 1 15
Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of 7 0 2
Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 3 1
County or City for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 7 1
Of Sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer 7 14 1
Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty 12 5
Publication of before passed 3 7 1G
Acts authority of12 1 4
School Systems existing not affected hereby 8 5 1
Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited 1 2 4
M
Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where
applied 7 13 1
181
A S P
Majority of each branch of Legislature couttiUtta quorum 3 4 4
Of all members of each House necessary to pas bill 3 7 14
Malfeasance in office disfranchises 2 2 1
Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peaee removal for 6 7 3
Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5
Marriage does not divest wife of her property 3 11
Material furnished Homestead it is liable for 9 2 1
Matter different from title not to be contained in bill 3 7 3
Members of General Assemblysee General Assembly
Merger of counties 11 1 5
Message of Governor 5 1 13
Mileage of the members of the General Assembly 3 9 1
Military authority subordinate to Civil 1 1 19
Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Legislature 3 4 7
Service commutation for goes to Public Schools 8 3 1
Companies Volunteer organizations 10 1 2
Companies Volunteer paid only when called by
State 10 1 3
Militia officers may be members of Legislature 8 4 7
Governor is commanderinchief of 6 1 11
District one Justice of the Peace for each 7 1
District one commissioned Notary for each 6 8 1
Organization of may be provided for 10 1 1
Paid only when called out by State 10 I S
Minors family of entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead 9 2 L
Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished 3 7 1
Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second trial 1 1 8
Money not to be donated by State toany church etc 1 1 11
Illegal holders of public disqualified for office 2 4 l
Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury 3 7 11
Borrowed by State laws for and use of 7 4 1
Monopoly provisions against 4 2 4
Municipal Corporationsee City
N
Names of children changed by Courts 3 7 18
Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 IS
Navy of State Governor is Commander of 5 1 11
New trial in criminal cases authorizes second trial 1 1 S
In criminal cases may be granted on conviction 12 1
May be granted by Superior and City Court 6 4 G
182
N ew Continued
A S P
Counties not to be formed 11 1 2
Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary 6 11
Appointment commission and powers 6 8 1
Novation of charter what shall so operate 4 2 3
O
Oath of voter if challenged 2 1 2
Of member of General Assembly 3 4 5
Of Governor 5 1 10
To pleasa 6 4 7
Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 1 3 2
Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6
Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1
AVlxo may not hold 2 2 1
Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5 5
Profiting from use of public money disqualifies for 7 9 1
Conviction of Dueling disqualifies for 2 4 2
Teliaious opinion does not disqualify for 1 1 13
In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for 3 4 7
Malfeasance in disfranchises 2 2 1
Officers are trustees of the people and amenable to them 111 Of one department disqualified to act in another 1 1 23
Peturns of election of where made 2 6 1
Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4 1
Of General Assembly who are 5 1 L
Of Executive Department who are 3 8 1
Of Executive Department report suspension and
removal of 5 1 18
Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 9 1
Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16 2
Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17 L
Not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1
Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2 1
Of county to be uniform except Commissioners 11 3 1
Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1 7
Order passed by Legislature must have Governors ap
provalviv 5 1 17
Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by
twothirds vote 3 7 13
Must have but one subjectmatter and same as title 3 7 8
Of the Convention authority of 12 1 3
183
Ord idancesContinued
a s p
Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1 8
See Ordinances in Appendix
Ordinary Courts of parts of Judiciary 6 1 1
Courts of jurisdiction of 6 6 1
Term of office 6 6 3
Origin of Government is with the people Ill
P
Papers secure from search and seizure except as provided 1 1 16
Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2 1
Of Duelists removes political disabilities of convict 2 4 2
Power in Governor must report to the Legisla urc 5 1 12
Passage of bills readings necessary 3 7 7
Of Bills majority of all members necessary 3 7 14
Passenger Tariffrestriction on 4 2 15
Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2
Affidavit relieves from costs dn SupremeCourt
rax tor support of7
Paysee Compensation Salary
Peace soldiers not to be quartered in hoiu in time of 1 1 1
Governor is conservator of 5 1 12
Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 6 4 1
Per diem of members of the Legislature 3 1 1
Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1
From use of pub ic funds by officers punishable 7 9 1
Persons and property to be protected by Government 1 1
Not to be molested ior religi us opinions 1 11
Bights not to be affected but by due process of law 1 1
May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney 1 14
Charged with offenses rights of 1 15
Life or liberty not to be jeopardized but once for
same crime 1 18
Houses and papers secure from illegal search 1 i 16
Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and sale 9 1 1
Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed 1 1 24
Pleas under oath in certain cases required 6 4 7
Police of the State right of people to regulate I 5 1
Power not abridged in favor of corporations 4 2 2
Policyholders in Life Insurance Companies protected 3 12 13
Poll tax not to exceed one dollar 723
Goes to educational purposes 8 3 1
IM CO
184
A S P
Practice in courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Precincts for elections how changed 3 7 1
President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce 8 5 2
Must sign acts 3 7 13
Per diem 3 9 1
Presides in joint session 3 10 1
Acts as Governor when f 1 8
Press liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Printing public to be let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Prisoners not to be abused 1 19
Tax for support of by counties 7 6 2
Private ways to be allowed only on compensation paid 1 3 1
Acts authority of 12 1 4
Rights accrued by law authority of 12 1
Privileges special not to be irrevocably granted 1 3
Special not be revoked so as to do injustice 1 3 3
Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 T
Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals 3 7 4
Of courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights 1 1 3
Proclamation of Governor calling extra session 5 1 13
Of Governor on ratification of Constitution 13 2 2
Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5
Prolongation of Legislative session by twothirds vote 3 4 6
Resolutions not submitted to Governor 3 7 23
Promissory notes suits on where tried 6 16 5
Property of person not to be molested for religious
opinions 1 1 13
Protection to shall be impartial and complete 112
Not taken for public use without compensation 13 1
Concealed by debtor to be reached by law 1 2 6
Of wife not subject to husbands debts 3 11 1
List of exempt from tax 5 7 2 2
Amount of exempt from levy and sale 9 1 1
Protection to person and property paramount duty of
Government 112
Prosecution rights of defendants in eases of 11
Provision waiver of exemption of restricted 9 3 1
Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises 2 2 1
Officer not to receive profit from use of 7 9 1
Treasurer not to receive profit from use of 5 2 5
See Money
Public use of private property without compensation
prohibited 1 3 1
Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2
16
185
PublicContinued
A S P
Buildings tax by county for authorized 7 6
Debt and institutions tax for 7 1 1
Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from tax 7 2 2
Printing let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Printing officers of Govornment not to be interested in 7 17 1
School systemsee Education 8 1 1
Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4
Receipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 11
Intention to introduce Local Bills 3 7 15
Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and
Treasurer 7 15 1
Proposed amendment to Constitution 13 j 1
Punishment for crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 1 1 T
For contempt by Courts limited 11 20
Not to be cruel or unusual 1 9
Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 i
Money homestead liable for 9 2 1
Purchaser of old homestead how affected 9 8 1
a
Qualification for Governor 5 j 7
For Senator M 2 5 1
For Representative 3 6 1
Each House to judge of as to its own members 8 7 1
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 6
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor and
AttorneyGeneral 6 14 1
County officers H 2 1
Quarantine tax by county for expenses of 76 2
Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority 3 4 4
Of Supreme Court 6 2 1
R
Railroad may be incorporated by Legislature 8 7 18
Freights and Tariff subject to legislation 4 2 1
May build branch roads free from conditions of 4 2 3
Shall not deceive public as to rates 4 2 5
See Corporations
Railway Street not to run in City without its consent 3 7 20
186
A 8
bates of freight and passage subject to legislation
Public not to be deceived as to amount charged
Realty Homestead of
Rebate of rates charged by Railroad not allowed
Recognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of
Reelection Governor not eligible for four years after
two termsI
Registration of Electors may be required by law
Rejection of nomination by Senate effect of
Of bill by Legislature effect of
Religious opinion civil and political rights not affected
by
Denomination not to receive money from State
Worship places of may be exempt from tax
Remittance of sentence in power of Governor
Of forfeited Charter only on conditions
Remonstrance and petition right of guaranteed
Removal of legislator from district vacates his seat
Of disabilities in power of Governor
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer Of Justice of the Peace for malpractice
Of County Officers
From office effect of Impeachment
Appealing law form of
Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor
Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor
Representatives election and term of
Qualification of
House of part of General Assembly
Number and Apportionment of members of
Apportionment how changed
Representatives House of Speaker of how elected
Clerk of compensation and bond of
Impeaching power vested in
Local and Special bills must originate in
Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in Journal ofsee Journal
Representation of Constitutional Convention apportionment of
Reprieve in power of Governor
Residence requisite to vote
Resignation of Governor who acts in case of
Resolutions of Appropriation must be passed by yeas and nays
4 2 1
4 2 5
9 1 1
4 2 5
3 19
5 1 2
2 2 1
5 1 15
3 7 13
1 1 13
1 1 14
7 2 4 i
5 1 12
4 2 3
1 1 21
3 4 8
5 1 12
5 1 18
6 7 3
11 2 1
3 5 5
3 7 17
3 12 5
j 7 15 1
3 4 12
3 6 1
3 1 1
3 3 1
3 3 2
3 6 2
3 8 1
3 6 3
3 7 15
3 7 10
13 1 2
5 1 12
2 1 2
5 1 8
3 7 12
187
ResolutionsContinued
a s P
Requiring Governors approval 5 1 17
Requiring a twothirds vote yeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7 21
Having effect of law result of rejection 3 7 13
Retroactive legislation prohibited 13 2
Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge
for iself 3 7 1
To whom made 2 6 1
Of Governor how made 5 1 4
Of Governor how published 5 1 5
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
On Ratification of Constitutioni 13 2 2
Revenue bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10
Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans 7 3 1
Deficiencies of in County or City 7 7 1
And roads County Commissioners forSM 11 3 1
Rights not enumerated are not denied 15 2
Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 1
Tax for keeping up by County 7 6 2
And revenue County Commissioners for 11 3 1
S
Sailor in IT S Service not entitled to vote because not
stationed here 2 12
Salary of Governor 5 1 2
Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller 5 2 234 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorsGeneral 6 13 1
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how
changed 6 13 2
Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debt 7 13 1
Exemptions from 9 11
Of homesteads how affected 9 3 1
Of old homesteads how affected 9 9 1
Of old homestead heretofore made ratified 9 8 1
Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme
Court 6 2 5
Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge Superior Court 6 4 b
Schools Public how established bycity or county 8 4 1
Public existing local system not affected 8 5 1
Not public may share school fund When 8 5 1
See Education y
Seal Great use and design of 5 3 1
Search of persons houses and papers warrant for 1 1 16
Seconds in Duel on conviction disqualified foy office 2 4 2
188
A g P
Secretary of State returns of election to be made to 2 1 9
Officer of Executive Departments 5 1 1
Election of 5 2 1
Salary and Clerk hire of 5 2 3
Eligibility and Bond of 526
Perquisites to forbidden 5 2 7
Is keeper of Great Seal 5 3 1
Senate compensation and bond of 3 8 1
Governor compensation of 5 1 19
Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieve t 3 7 19
Seizure of persons and papers provisions against 1 1 16
Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Senate is a branch of General Assembly 3 1 1
Consists of 44 members 3 2 1
May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills 3 7 10
Impeachments to be tried before 3 5 3
Senate nomination rejected by effect of 5 1 15
President and Secretary ofSee President and
Secretary
Senatorial Districts number composition and change of 3 2 123
Senators number not to be increased 3 2 3
Election and term of 3 4 12
Qualification of 3 5 1
Sentence commuted or remitted by Governor 5 1 12
Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime
prohibited l 1 17
Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly
Of Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of Superior Court 6 4 8
Of JusticesCourt 6 7 2
Setting aside homestead laws to be 1 v Ad for 9 4 1
Shares in one corporation not to be bo g it by another to
monopolize 4 2 4
Shows special tax on goes to educational purposes 8 3 1
Sinking fund provided for 7 14 1
Site of county how changed 11 1 4
Slavery forbidden 11 17
Social status of citizens not subject of legislation 1 1 18
Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except
when 1 1 19
Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed
here 2 12
Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates 7 11
189
A S P
BolicitorGeneral term of office and duties of 6 11 12
Election by the Legislature 6 12 1
Salary of 6 13 1
Qualification of 6 14 1
Speaker of House of Representatives how elected 3 6 2
Must sign Acts 3 7 13
Per diem of 3 9 1
Acts as Governor when 5 18
Special law not to be enacted when provision is made
by general law 141
Changing general law in particular cases how passed 1 4 1
For benefit of corporation conditional 4 2 3
Election of Governor519
See Local
Speech Liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
State aid to corporations or persons in any manner
prohibited 7 5 1
State aid by donation prohibited 7 16 1
To religious donation prohibited 1 1 14
Printer office abolished 7 17 1
State School Commissioner election and term 8 2 1
Statement of Treasurer to be published 3 7 11
Stockholder in corporation State county or city not to
be 7 56 1
Street railroad not to run in city without consent of au
thorities 3 7 20
Suits may be brought by or against counties 11 1 1
Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited 7 11 1
See Venue
Superior Court is part of Judiciary 6 11
Jurisdiction of exclusive 6 4 1
Jurisdiction of general and appellate 6 4 34
Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs 6 4 5
Appeal and new trials in 6 4 6
Appeal from Ordinary to 6 6 1
Appeal from Justices to 6 72
Sessions of 6 4 8
Judge one for each circuit and term of 6 3 1
Election of 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 6 1314 1
May change venue when 6 17 1
May preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
May preside in City Court when 6 5 1
Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of th e Peace 6 8 1
Sanctions sale of Homesteads 9 38 1
Supplemental Homestead laws to be provided for 9 5 1
190
A S K
Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 1 1
Constitution of 62 l
Jurisdiction sessions and practice 6 2 5 67
Cost in and paupersaffidavit 6 21 1
Judges election and term 6 2 4
Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 61314 1
When disqualified in parricular case 6 2 2
Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
T
Tax to be paid before voting 2 1 2
Defaulters ineligible to Legislature 3 4 7
By county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness 7 7 2
By county or city for school purposes 8 4 1
By county limited to certain purposes 7 6 2
May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose 7 1 1
Must be uniform ad valorem and by general law 7 2 1
On domestic animals of vicious nature 7 2 1
Exemptions from other exemptions void 7 2 24
Poll for educational purposes 7 2 3
Special for educational purposes 8 3 1
States power to impose not to be restrained 4 1 1
Of corporations not to be surrendered 7 2 5
To raise a Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Lien good against Homestead 9 2 1
Act authority of 12 1 3
Act must originate in the House 3 7 10
Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Terms of office of Governor 5 1 2
Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 13
Justice of the Peace 6 7 1
Ordinary 6 6 3
Attorney and SolicitorGeneral 6 1011 1
State School Commissioner 8 2 1
County officers 11 2 1
Members of General Assembly 3 4 1
Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to
give 1 1 6
Title law must not contain matter different from 3 7 8
To land cases involving where brought6 16 2
191
TitleContinued
a s p
To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior
CourtIp 6
Treason what is and how convicted of 12 2
Conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1
Pardon respite or commutation for 5 1 12
Treasurer election and term of office 5 2 1
Examination by Governor 5 1
Officer of Executive Department 1 1
Removalof 5 1 18
Salary and Clerks hire of 2 2
Perquisites not allowed 5 2 7
Fee other than salary hot allowed to 5 2 5
Bond and qualification of 5 2 6
To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4
To make quarterly reports to Governor 7 15 1
And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fun 1 7 14 1
Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 11
Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1
Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant 1 1 5
By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1
Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 1
Trustees of the people public officers are 1 1 1
The University of Georgia may accept donations etc 8 6 1
Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 11
TJ
Unexpired term of Governor special elections 5 1 9
Judgesof Supreme Courtai 6 2 4
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and
SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1
Uniformity required in operation of general laws 14 1
In county officers and tribunals U 3 1
In courts of same grade 6 9 1
In taxation 7 2 1
University oi Georgia appropriation to 8 6 1
United States Constitution acts in violation of void 1 4 2
Treaties and laws authority of 12 1 1
Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here 2 12
V
Vacancy in office of Governor 5 18
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 2
Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor
General 6 l2 V
192
VacancyContinued
A 8 P
Members General Assembly 5 1 13
Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 1 14
Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is interestedy 6 2 3
Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 11 1
Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1
Venue in cases of divorce 6 16 1
Of land titles 6 16 2
Of Equity1 6 46 3
Against joint obligors acceptors indorsers etc 6 16 45
Civil and criminal generally 6 16 6
Civil and criminal changed how 6 17 1
Verdicts judgments without when 6 4 7
First and second in divorce cases 6 15 1
Veto of Governor overruled by twothirds vote 3 7 23
Viva voce voting by General Assembly 3 10 1
Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 11 1
Volunteer companies organization of 10 1 2
Not paid unless called out by State 10 1 3
Vote by the people shall be by ballot 2 1 1
Who is entitled toOath of voter 2 1 2
Who not entitled to 2 2 1
By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10 1
Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7 21
Of twothirds being required does not do away with
Governors approval 3 7 23
Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7 23
Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted
to Governor 5 1 17
Of General Assembly in elections must appear in
House Journal 3 10 1
W
Waiver of Homestead 8 3 1
Of old exmjkion 9 5 1
War bonded dbt may be increased for purposes of 7 12 1
Debt of copiity or city for may be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3 1
Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1 19
Tax to defend State in time of 7 1
Warrant for search bow obtained 1 1 16
Ways private may be grantd after compensation paid 13 1
Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 9 3 1
Western Atlantic R R if sold proceeds how applied 7 13 J
193
A S P
Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited 11 T
White and colored public schools to be separate 8 I I
Widows pensions provided for gL 7 11
Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 l
Wild Land Clerk compensation of 5 2 4
Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to 1 1 5
Not compelled to criminate themselves 11
Two necessary to convict of treason 12 2
Worship of God may be according to conscience 1 1 12
Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Y
Yeas and Nays to be Recorded in Journal
At request of onefifth 3 7 6
On appropriation bills and resolutions 3 7 12
When twothirds vote is required 3 7 21
On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1

K
h
lili
3 210 GS31 SSOl