Georgia criminal justice data 1985

GEORGIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE DATA
Published By
The Georgia Bureau of Investigation % July
?;

GEORGIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE DATA
1985
Prepared by the Georgia Crime Information Center
July 1986

DEDICATION
Dedicated to the memory of Phil Peters
Director, Georgia Bureau of Investigation December 1980 to August 1985

Joe Frank Harris
GOVERNOR

STATE OF GEORGIA
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR ATLANTA 30334

MY FELLOW GEORGIANS:
Almost all of us at one time or another feel the impact of crime on either a direct or an indirect basis. Those of us not personally affected by crime will read or hear reports of crime and its victims. On a daily basis, crime has a negative impact on the health, future and well-being of all Georgians.
Reliable, accurate criminal justice data identifying the extent of the problems and the efforts of Georgia's system of justice are essential. This information can be used by the Governor, the legislature, local governments, criminal justice system components and private organizations to arrive at crucial decisions concerning the resources, methods and responses to counter the crime problem. Through Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1985, informed decisions can be made which will have a positive impact on the operation of the criminal justice system and reducing crime.
With kindest regards, I remain
~ 6 Ferank Harris

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Section I

Law Enforcement
Introduction .Law Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Summary of Crime in Georgia
Crimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Arrests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Incidents of Crime
ProfileofPartI Crimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Rape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Robbery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Aggravated Assault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Burglary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Larceny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Motor VehicleTheft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Arson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Geographical Distribution of Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Crime Trends and Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Profile of Part I1 Crimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Part IICrimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Crimes Against Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Arrests For Crimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Profile of Part I Arrests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Profile of Juvenile Arrests - Part I Offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Profile of Part I1 Arrests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Profile of Juvenile Arrests - Part I1 Offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Drug Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Profile of Part I Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Profile of Part I1 Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
County Crime Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Law Enforcement Employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Full Time Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Officers Killed and Assaulted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Traffic Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 04 Traffic Fatalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Georgia Bureau of Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

Section I1 Courts
Introduction .Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Georgia's Superior Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 13 Georgia's Statecourts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Georgia'sProbate Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Georgia's Juvenile Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Georgia's Supreme Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Section I11 Corrections
Introduction .Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Prison Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Inmate Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.36
Age, Race, Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Sentence Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Prior Arrests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.39 Crimes Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.40
ProbationProfile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Age.Race. Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 CrimesCommitted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 First Offender Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Section 1V Pardons and Paroles Introduction .Pardons and Paroles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Profile of Pardons and Paroles Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
Section V Statements from Senior Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
SectionVIAppendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

TABLES
REPORTED INCIDENTS OF CRIME. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I CRIMES. GEORGIA. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 FORCIBLERAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ROBBERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 AGGRAVATED ASSAULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 BURGLARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 LARCENY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 MOTOR VEHICLETHEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 ARSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
CHARAaERISTICS OF PART I CRIMES. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND NON-METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND NON-METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS. PART I CRIME RATE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 CHANGES IN NUMBER OF PART I CRIMES. GEORGIA. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 CHANGES IN NUMBER OF PART I CRIME RATES PER 100.000 PERSONS. GEORGIA. 1981-1985 . 40 PART I CRIME TRENDS. GEORGIA. SOUTH. NATION. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
CHANGES IN PART I CRIMES. GEORGIA. SOUTH. NATION. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRIME AND POPULATION. GEORGIA. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I1 CRIMES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I1 CRIMES. STATEWIDE. 1984-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
A. REPORTED CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN. GEORGIA. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 B. REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN. GEORGIA. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . 48
PROFILE OF REPORTED ARRESTS FOR PART I CRIMES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF REPORTED PART I CRIMES AND NUMBER OF REPORTED PART I CRIME ARRESTS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR PART I CRIMES BY AGE GROUP. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 PROFILE OF PERSONS ARRESTED BY SPECIFIC AGE. SEX. RACE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 ARREST RATES PER 100.000 PERSONS BY SPECIFIC AGE. SEX. RACE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR PART I CRIMES. VIOLENT. PROPERTY. BY RACE. 1972-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I1 ARRESTS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 PART I1 ARRESTS BY AGE. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 PART I1 ARRESTS BY AGE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 PART I1 ARREST RATES PER 100.000 PERSONS BY AGE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 REPORTED PART I1 ARRESTS STATEWIDE BY SEX AND RACE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 REPORTED DRUG ARRESTS. STATEWIDE. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I CLEARANCES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 REPORTED PART I1 CLEARANCES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 CLEARANCE RATES .PART I CRIMES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CLEARANCE RATES .PART I1 CRIMES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 RANKING OF COUNTIES BY NUMBER OF REPORTED PART I CRIMES. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 RANKING OF COUNTIES BY PART I CRIME RATES PER 100.000 PERSONS. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 A. COUNTY CRIME PROFILES. PART I CRIMES. 1984-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
B. COUNTY CRIME PROFILES. PART I1 CRIMES. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
RANKING OF COUNTIES BY NUMBER OF FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES PER 100.000 PERSONS. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED AND ASSAULTED. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 FATAL ACCIDENTS INVOLVING DUI. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 FATALITIES INVOLVING DUI. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 ALCOHOL RELATED FATAL ACCIDENTS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 ALCOHOL RELATED FATALITIES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
TRAFFIC FATALITIES BY MONTH. LOCATION AND TYPE. 1984-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 HOLIDAY TRAFFIC TOLL. 1984-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

GBIPRODUCTIVITYDATA. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.10 FY85 SUPERIOR COURT CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
FY85 STATE COURT CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 FY85 PROBATE COURT CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES FILED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
FY85 JUVENILE COURT CASELOAD (NUMBER OF CHILDREN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
SUPREME COURT CASELOAD. 1984-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION POPULATIONS BY TYPE. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 INSTITUTION POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 INMATE POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
INMATE POPULATION BY RACE. AGE. AND SEX. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 INMATE SENTENCE LENGTH IN YEARS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 INMATE SENTENCE IN YEARS BY CURRENT AGE AND SEX. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 INMATE POPULATION BY NUMBER OF PRIOR ARRESTS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 INMATE POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 INMATE CRIME CATEGORIES BY CURRENT AGE AND SEX. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 PROBATION POPULATION BY AGE. SEX. RACE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE. CURRENT AGE AND SEX. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.43 PROBATION POPULATION BY CRIME CATEGORY. CURRENT AGE AND SEX. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 ACTIVE PROBATIONERS ON 1ST OFFENDER STATUS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 FIRST OFFENDER BY CURRENT AGE AND SEX. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 PROFILE OF PAROLE BOARD ACTIVITY. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

FIGURES
1 REPORTED INCIDENTS OF CRIME .PART I. PART 11. TOTAL. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES .PART I. PART 11. TOTAL. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 A MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER.
FIVE YEARTREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 B MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER. WEAPON TYPE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 C MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER.
PLACE OFOCCURRENCE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4 A FORCIBLE RAPE. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
B FORCIBLE RAPE. WEAPON TYPE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 C FORCIBLE RAPE. PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5 A ROBBERY. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 B ROBBERY. WEAPON TYPE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 C ROBBERY. PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6 A AGGRAVATED ASSAULT. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 B AGGRAVATED ASSAULT. WEAPON TYPE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 C AGGRAVATED ASSAULT. PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 7 A BURGLARY. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 B BURGLARY. PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8 A LARCENY. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 B LARCENY. CRIMINAL ACTIVITY. 1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 C LARCENY. PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 9 A MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 B MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT. PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 10 A ARSON. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 B ARSON. PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 11 PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PART I CRIMES. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 12 A PART I CRIMES. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985
VIOLENT. PROPERTY AND TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 B PART I CRIME RATE. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985
VIOLENT. PROPERTY AND TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 13 PART I CRIMES. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985
GEORGIA. SOUTH ANDNATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 14 A PART I REPORTED CRIMES. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
B PART I CRIME RATES (PER 100.000 PERSONS) 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 15 REPORTED PART I1 CRIME INCIDENTS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 16 REPORTED PART I CRIME ARRESTS. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 17 A PART I CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE. 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
B PART I CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 18 PART I1 CRIME ARRESTS. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 19 A PART I1 CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE. 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
B PART I1 CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE. 1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 20 PART I AND PART I1 CLEARANCES. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 21 PART I CLEARANCES. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 22 PART I1 CLEARANCES. FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 23 A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
B LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ASSAULTED 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 24 TRAFFIC DEATHS. 1974-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 25 ANNUAL MILES TRAVELED IN BILLIONS. 1974-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 26 DEATH RATE PER 100 MILLION MILES TRAVELED. 1974-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 27 GEORGIA JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 28 SUPERIOR COURTS .FILINGS/DISPOSITIONS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 29 STATE COURTS .FILINGS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 30 PROBATE COURTS .FILINGS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 31 JUVENILE COURTS .FILINGS/DISPOSITIONS. 1981-1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 32 INMATE POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 33 INMATE SENTENCE LENGTHS. 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 34 INMATE POPULATION BY NUMBER OF PRIOR ARRESTS. 1931-1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

35 PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX, 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 36 PROBATION POPULATION BY CRIME TYPE, 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

INTRODUCTION
Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1985 is published by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. It is in its third year of publication succeeding Crime in Georgia which had been compiled in previous years by the State Crime Commission and the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council. This publication represents the culmination of planning, coordination, and discussion among many agencies and organizations of state government. It is a compilation of information from multiple segments of Georgia's criminal justice system.
The reporting and analysis of the occurrence of specific crimes and subsequent arrest for a crime is the point of entrance for an individual into Georgia's criminal justice system. Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1985 is designed to reflect the totality of the system. It proposes to contributeto the basic understanding and knowledge of just what the system includes and what it does.
This publication provides a basic description of the functions of the criminal justice system, and portrays statistically through graphs, charts and tables essential workload data. As experience is gained, and more extensive and accurate reporting systems are developed, this publication will continue toward a more comprehensive effort in the future, capable of tracking individuals through the entire justice system and communicating a clear picture of the system's collective efforts to control crime.

Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1985 is organized into four major substantive divisions; law enforcement, the courts, corrections, and pardons and paroles. The information is organized in a manner consistent with the movement of an offender through the criminal justice system. Analyses of data are made solely from that data collected from each major component of the system and are confined to that component. In some instances, the amount of data is rather voluminous; in others, it is minimal. As more experience is gained in determining the data essential for an understanding of criminal justice in Georgia, data requirements can be determined more specifically and collection efforts improved.
Each section of this publication begins with a brief description of the overall structure of the component concerned, followed by the method by which its relevant data are collected and processed. Following this overview is a presentation of the compiled data and, where appropriate, an analysis of that data. Specific methodology and formulas used in analysis are detailed in the appendix. The concluding section contains statements of officials representing each major component, addressing critical topics relevant to Georgia's criminal justice system.

I LAW ENFORCEMENT

LAW ENFORCEMENT
The law enforcement powers of the State of Georgia are a function of the Executive branch of government. In order to exercise enforcement powers, the state grants the power of arrest to some 644 active law enforcement agencies which can be grouped into seven major categories: (1) state law enforcement agencies, (2) municipal law enforcement agencies, (3) county police agencies, (4) county sheriff departments, (5) campus law enforcement agencies, (6) institutional and authority law enforcement agencies, and (7) other law enforcement agencies. These agencies employ 21,383 sworn officers who have the power of arrest.
The majority of law enforcement functions are delegated to the respective counties and municipalities by the state. Most law enforcement work is done by local agencies. At the local government level, the bulk of money allocated to this function is spent, the majority of personnel employed, and the greatest portion of workload measures are generated. These facts notwithstanding, the term "diversity" can appropriately be used to describe the law enforcement community within Georgia. The state retains certain specialized responsibilities because a great deal of variation exists between counties and municipalities in the provision of police services, and because law enforcement agencies change over time.
State Law Enforcement Agencies
The primary roles of state level law enforcement agencies are to provide technical assistance to law enforcement agencies at the local level of government and to provide services in highly specialized operational areas. Examples of those technical assistance services provided by the state to assist local law enforcement units are the provision of requested investigative assistance, laboratory analysis of physical evidence through the State Crime Laboratory, the provision of training programs, management consulting services, and the collection and analyses of crime data and criminal history information through the Georgia Crime Information Center.
In addition to the provision of technical assistance services, the state engages in operational law enforcement functions in specialized areas. Workload measures generated by six state agencies, employing 1,836 officers who are vested with arrest powers, are included with the data in this report. Those state agencies are:
1. The Georgia State Patrol whose primary operational focus is on traffic enforcement duties and highway safety. Its duties are performed by 844 sworn officers assigned to 47 Patrol Posts located throughout the state.
2. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation whose primary operational focus is on general investigations and narcotics enforcement activities. Its duties are performed by 287 sworn special agents and 16 narcotics agents assigned to 13 field offices located throughout the state and various special units working out of headquarters.
3. The Department of Natural Resources, Game and Fish Division's Law Enforcement Unit whose operational

focus is on the enforcement of all laws relating to game and fish, boating, and water safety regulation. Its duties are performed by 374 sworn conservation rangers assigned to each of the 159 counties in the state.
4. The Department of Revenue, Alcohol, Tobacco Tax Unit whose operational focus is on the enforcement of laws pertaining to the payment of any tax duties due the Department. It shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for the statewide enforcement of violations of all laws related to the manufacture, sale, transportation, and possession of beverage alcohol and tobacco. Its duties are performed by 32 sworn law enforcement agents.
5. The Investigation Division, State Examining Boards, and the Securities Investigation Unit, Secretary of State, whose operational focus is on the investigation of both misdemeanor and felony violations of laws governing the licensing of certain professions (i.e., doctors, pharwcists, private detectives, etc.), verification and enforcement of provisions of the State Elections Code and the enforcement of securities regulation laws. Its duties are performed by 23 sworn investigators who operate out of central offices in Atlanta.
6. The Permits and Enforcement Division, Department of Transportationwhose operational focus is on the enforcement of regulations governing the size and weight of vehicles operating on public roads, the enforcement of licensing and fuel tax registration requirements, and the enforcement of all state laws on properties owned or controlled by the Department of Transportation. Its duties are performed by 260 sworn officers located in each of the state highway districts throughout the state.
In addition to the six larger state law enforcement agencies identified above, the state has several other specialized agencies which are vested with arrest powers. These agencies are included in one of the other categories enumerated below (e.g., campus police, authority police, Georgia Drugs and Narcotics Agency, State Fire Marshal, Farmer's Market Police, etc.).
Local Law Enforcement Agencies
The primary role of local-level law enforcement is the direct delivery of police services to the citizens of an agency's geographically defined legal jurisdiction. These services are provided at the local level by one or more of the three types of local agencies which are granted law enforcement powers by the state: municipal police agencies, county police agencies, and county sheriffs' departments. Within the State of Georgia there are 546 local law enforcement agencies which employ 12,638 sworn officers authorized to exercise the power of arrest.
1. Municipal Police Departments. Municipal police agencies derive law enforcement powers through delegation from the state under the constitutional principle of "home

rule", or local autonomy. They are generally responsible for the enforcement of all state criminal laws, traffic laws, and municipal ordinances. Municipal police agencies employ more law enforcement officers than any other type of agency. Presently, 372 municipalities fund police departments which employ a total of 6,689 sworn officers. These agencies range in size from 1 to 1,299 officers. The majority have 15 or fewer sworn officers.
2. County Sheriff Departments. The office of Sheriff in Georgia is considered to be both a constitutional and a county office. The sheriff of each county derives his law enforcement powers from general laws enacted by the General Assembly in accordance with the 1983 Constitution of the State of Georgia. Each of the sworn deputies derive arrest powers from the sheriff. Each of Georgia's 159 counties has a sheriff whose principal duties involve serving as: (1) the chief law enforcement officer of the county, (2) as an officer of the county courts, and (3) as the official jailer of the county. The 159 sheriffs' departments in Georgia employ a total of 4,214 sworn officers authorized to enforce all criminal laws of the state and to enforce county ordinances when so authorized by the county commission or local acts of the General Assembly. In the 15 counties that have created county police departments, the sheriff's office tends to focus on the duties of jail operations and service to the courts.
3. County Police Departments. County police agencies derive their law enforcement powers through delegation from the state under the constitutional principle of "home rule''. They are generally empowered to enforce all state criminal laws, traffic laws and county ordinances. There are currently 14 county police departments in the state which employ a total of 1,735 sworn officers.
Campus Law Enforcement Agencies
Educational institutions within the State of Georgia have the authority to establish law enforcement agencies with powers similar to those of other state and local law enforcement agencies. These campus police agencies are divided into two basic types:
1 . State operated colleges and universities, which operate under the authority of the Board of Regents, are empowered to employ campus police officers and other security personnel who have arrest powers for all state criminal and traffic violations committed upon any property within the state which is under the jurisdiction of the Board of Regents and upon any public or private property within 500 yards of any property under the jurisdiction of the Board.
2. Private colleges and universities operated under the authority of the State Board of Education are empowered to employ campus police officers who have the power of arrest for all state criminal and traffic violations committed upon the grounds or buildings of the particular educational facility employing the officer and upon any

public or private property within 500 yards of the educational facility.
There are currently 37 campus police agencies within the state which employ a total of 526 sworn police officers.
State Authorities' and Institutions' Law Enforcement Agencies
The various state statutes creating specific authorities (e.g., Stone Mountain Authority, Lake Lanier Islands Authority, Georgia Ports Authority, MARTA, etc.) and those statutes which govern certain types of institutions (e.g., Central State Hospital, Youth Development Centers, etc.) empower certain of these agencies to employ police officers. The police employees of these agencies generally are empowered to enforce all state criminal and traffic laws upon the property under the institution or authority's jurisdiction. There are currently 6 police agencies within the state under this category. These agencies employ a total of 148 sworn police officers.
There are an additional 5,568 sworn employees of the Department of Corrections who have the power of arrest and work in institutional settings. These Department of Corrections employees have not been included in the total number of police officers because they are included within the Corrections section of this publication.
Other Law Enforcement Agencies
Various independent statutes within the Official Code of Georgia grant varying degrees of arrest power to employees of state, local, and private agencies, which do not lend themselves to easy categorization. These persons range from county marshals to court officers, to investigators employed by district attorneys and solicitors, to railroad police officers, and others. There are currently 49 such agencies within the state which employ a total of 667 sworn officers possessing the power of arrest. The specific arrest authority of these personnel is as varied as the types of agencies which employ them.
Law Enforcement, Crime Data Reporting, Collection and Interpretation
Georgia's crime reporting system is patterned after that of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. It is principally designed to collect two types of crime data from Georgia's law enforcement agencies according to standardized definitions and procedures. The first type of data collected are Part I offenses which includes counts for the crimes of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. The first four offenses are violent crimes or crimes against persons; the remaining four are property crimes. Because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported, these crimes are thought of as forming an index of the crime problem, and consequently, these offenses. are often referred to as Index crimes.

Counts for less serious crimes, designated Part I1 crimes, are also collected and analyzed. The law enforcement data in this publication are provided primarily from two sources, the Georgia Crime Information Center and the Georgia Department of Public Safety. The primary duty of collecting and reporting data relating to criminal violations, traffic accidents and traffic violations is the responsibility of the agency in whose jurisdiction the violation occurs. A myriad of 644 law enforcement agencies of varying types collect and report data to the two principal state agencies responsible for collating and analyzing this information. This information is compiled and analyzed in publications such as Georgia Criminal Justice Data, as well as in specific reports used for policy decisions and research activities.
The data provided in this publication relative to Georgia crime statistics are derived from actual reports filed with the Georgia Crime Information Center. The FBI provides statistical data on criminal activity on a nationwide basis. Those tables comparing criminal activity in Georgia with that of the South and the Nation use FBI statistical data for comparison.
State law requires all criminal justice agencies to submit to the Georgia Crime Information Center information concerning crimes reported by the public and crimes otherwise processed by the agency. Agencies must also submit fingerprints and other identifying data on persons lawfully arrested within the agency's jurisdiction. These are collected on forms or in a format prescribed by the Georgia Crime Information Center. The Georgia Crime Information Center is a records and data center which utilizes computerized information. The validity of this information is dependent upon the original sources of the information - the independent criminal justice agencies located throughout the state.
State law also requires the submission of certain types of data on traffic accidents and traffic law violations to the Department of Public Safety. All data concerning traffic accidents and violations contained in this report were obtained from the Department of Public Safety or the federal agencies to which it reports.
Crime Data Interpretation
Several precautions in interpreting crime data should be observed. First, it is well established that many more crimes occur than are ever reported. Thus, depending on the type of crime and type of victim, statistics based on the number of crimes reported to law enforcement agencies may seriously underestimate the number of crimes that actually take place. Because the size and variation of this "hidden figure of crime" is not known, caution should be exercised in assuming that changes in crime trends reflect changes in criminal behavior.
Second, the Georgia Crime Information Center does not include estimates for incidents or arrests that take place but are not reported. Such estimates are included in some sections the FBI's Crime in the United States. The number of law enforcement agencies failing to report criminal activity to the GCIC has decreased in recent years (16% failed to report in

1984 while only 7.4% failed to report in 1985). Again, changes in the number of reported incidents and arrests may not necessarily reflect the actual level of change in law enforcement activity. Also, there is evidence that changes in the actual number of crimes committed normally coincide with changes in population demographics. Accordingly, historical comparisons of the number of crimes reported may be misleading if the accompanying demographic changes are not considered. The same is true for inter-jurisdictional comparisons; it is expected that communities with different populations will have different crime problems. The use of crime rates in making comparisons minimizes these problems. Readers are cautioned that crime rates cited are reliable indices of crime only to the extent that population estimates are accurate, that crimes are reported by victims, and the Uniform Crime Reports are submitted to Georgia Crime Information Center by law enforcement agencies.
Due to its uniformity and comprehensiveness, the state's crime statistics data base is very useful for describing Georgia's crime problem over time and in making tentative comparisons of Georgia's data with those of any other states whose demographics are comparable to Georgia's.

SUMMARY OF CRIME IN GEORGIA
Crimes
In 1985, 296,304 Part I and 221,106 Part I1 offenses were
reported by Georgia law enforcement agencies. Table 1 and
Figure 1 indicate the trends in both Part I, I1 and combined Part I and I1 offenses from 1981-1985. Part I offenses show an increase in 1984 and 1985. Part I1 offenses demonstrated
a pattern of decline until 1983 and 1984 with 1984 recording the highest figure for the entire five year period. (Note: The 1985 Part I1 offense total does not include DUI offenses which were not available as of print date.)

Arrests
In 1985, 52,843 arrests for Part I offenses and 160,325arrests for Part I1 offenses were reported. Table 2 and Figure 2
demonstrate the trends in arrests for the two main crime categories as well as the total for all crimes. The trends in each category are consistent as both show increases for 1982 and declines in 1983 and 1984. The consistency changes in
1985 with an increase in arrests for Part I crimes. (Note: The 1985 Part I1 arrest total does not include DUI arrests which
were not available as of print date.)
This section will further detail the trends in incidents and ar-
rests for Part I and Part I1 offenses and offer possible
explanations.

Table 1
REPORTED INCIDENTS OF CRIME 1981-1985

Part I Part I1

300,084 225,895

289,554 221,954

251,164 241,698

259,253 296,304 258,645 221,106

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 1985 reported Pan I1 incident total does not include DUI which is not available.
Figure 1
REPORTED INCIDENTS O F CRIMES
PART I, PART 11, TOTAL, 1981 - 1985
540

Part I

YEAR
+ Part11

1984 o Total

1985

Table 2
REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES 1981-1985

Part I Part I1

52,578 243,903

54,944 256,589

48,520 244,109

Total Arrests 296,481 3 11,533 292,629
Source. Georgia Crimc Information Center 1985 Part I1 arrest total does not Include DUI which is unava~lable.

46,602 234,800
281,402

52,843 160,325
213,168

Figure 2

320 ,

REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES
PART I, PART 11, TOTAL, 1981 - 1985

a PART I

+ PART I1

TOTAL

INCIDENTS OF CRIME:
CHARACTERISTICS, TRENDS, COMPARISONS
Profile of Part I Crime in Georgia
In 1985, Georgians reported 296,304 Part I crimes to law enforcement agencies (see Table 3). Included in this total were 603 murders, 2,805 forcible rapes, 10,078 robberies, 16,734 aggravated assaults, 77,809 burglaries, 164,143 larcenies, 22,868 motor vehicle thefts, and 1,264 arsons. Larcenies accounted for the highest percentage (55.4%) of the total number of Part I crimes, and burglaries made up the second highest category (26.3%).Overall, 10.2 percent of the Part I crimes were violent crimes committed against persons; 89.8 percent were property offenses. Based on the 1985 population estimate for Georgia of 5,956,564for each 100,000persons in the state, 507.3 violent crimes and 4,467.1 property crimes were reported, producing a Part I crime rate of 4,974.4 (see Appendix for the rate computation formula).
While counts for the eight Part I crimes illustrate the magnitude of the problem, the nature of serious criminal behavior can be further identified by examining pertinent details of individual crimes (see Tables 4-11).

SUMMARY OF CRIME CHARACTERISTICS, 1985
The crimes of murder and aggravated assault typically involve people who know one another or have had some contact in the past (see Table 12). On the other hand, assuming that most of the unreported relationships between victims and offenders are stranger-to-stranger, then robberies, burglaries, larcenies, and motor vehicle thefts are usually committed by strangers.
Firearms were used in 34 percent of the violent crimes against persons, making them the most frequently used type of weapon. The other weapons types were used less frequently: cutting tools (20.1%); hands and fists (17.1); and other
dangerous weapons (25.5%) .
In 1985, $260,144,930 in property was reported stolen during the commission of Part I crimes. Motor vehicle thefts accounted for the greatest loss ($126,310,880) followed by larcenies ($64,888,054), burglaries ($63,110,583) and robberies ($5,607,120). The average value of property stolen during each motor vehicle theft was $5,523 compared to $811 during each burglary, $556 during each robbery, and $395 during each larceny.
With the exception of robbery, most Part I crimes occurred in residences or public places.

Table 3
PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I CRIMES, GEORGIA 1985

Type of Crime
Murder Rape Robbery Aggravated assault

Number Reported
603 2,805 10,078 16,734

Percentage of Total
0.2 0.9 3.4 5.6

Total violent crime

Burglary Larceny Motor vehicle theft Arson

77,809

26.3

164,143

55.4

22,868

7.7

1,264

0.4

Total property crime

Total Part I crime

296,304

100.0

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

Rate per 100,000
1306.3 2755.7 383.9
21.2
4974.4

Table 4
MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
DEFINITION
Murder and non-negligent manslaughter are defined as the willful killing of one human being by another. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident, or justifiable homicide are not included in the count for this offense classification. Attempts to murder or assaults to murder are scored as aggravated assaults and not as murder.
TREND

Number % Change from Year reported Previous Year

1981

836

1982

744

1983

460

1984

562

1985

603

6.9% -11.0% -38.2%
22.2% 7.3%

Percentage change from 1981 to 1985
- in number of reported crimes: -27.9%
- in rate per 100,000: -32.7 %

Rate per
15.0 13.1 8.0 9.7 10.1

% Change from Previous Year
5.0%
- 12.6%
-39.2% 21.3% 5.5%

CHARACTERISTICS, 1985

Victim-Offender Relationship Type Weapon Used

Place of Occurrence

Months of Highest Occurrence

Value of Property Stolen During Offense

ArrestICrimes Ratio

Profile of Persons Arrested

1.3 % 18.0% 20.6% 18.0% 11.6% 30.4%

Age 16 and under 17-21 22-26 27-31 32-36 3l and over

51.1% 42.6% 6.3% 44.4% 21.4% 18.2% 13.1%
2.8% 44.6% 39.5%
7.6% 8.3% 10.8% 9.6% 9.5%
1.03
62 1

Unknown Non-Stranger to non-stranger Stranger-to-Stranger
Firearm Unknown Other Dangerous Weapon Cutting Tool Hands, Fists, etc.
Residence Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Street, Alley Business Establishment
November December January
$44,357.00 Total $74.00 Per Incident
Arrests

Sex: Male Female

81.8% 18.2%

Race: White

33.3%

Non-White 66.7 %

Note: Due to rounding. percentages do nat always total 100% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center; Office of Planning and Budget Pbpulation Estimate

Figure 3A
MURDER & NON-NEG MANSLAUGHTER
FIVE YEAR TREND
850

1 9 8 1 Y-EA1R9 8 5
Figure 3B
MURDER & NON-NEGLIGENT
WEAPON TYPE, 1 9 8 5

MANSLAUGHTER

firearm cutting tool (13.1%)

Figure 3C
MURDER & NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1 9 8 5
pub area (39.5%)

Table 5
FORCIBLE RAPE

DEFINITION
Forcible rape is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. This category includes assaults or attempts to commit forcible rape by force or threat of force, but not statutory rape (without force) or other sex offenses.
TREND

Number % Change from Rate per % Change from

Year reported

Previous Year

100,000

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1981 to 1985 - in number of reported crimes: 14.1% - in rate per 100,000: 6.6%
CHARACTERISTICS, 1985

Victim-Offender Relationship Type Weapon Used
Place of Occurrence

41.4% 32.7% 26.0%

Non-Stranger-to-Non-Stranger Stranger-to-Stranger Unknown
Hands, Fists, etc. Unknown Other dangerous weapon Firearm Cutting tool
Park, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, Alley Business Establishment

Months of Highest Occurrence

10.6% 9.7% 9.4%

August June September

Value of Property Stolen During Offense

$183,929.00 Total $66.00 Per Incident

ArrestICrimes Ratio

.36

Profile of Persons Arrested

1,000

Arrests

4.7 % 23.0% 24.7% 20.9% 11.7% 15.0%

Age 16 and under 17-21 22-26 27-31 32-36 37 and over

Sex: Male Female

98.6% 1.4%

Race: White

24.9%

Non-White 75.1 %

Noic: Due to rounding. percentages do not always total 100% Source: Gcorgra Crime Inlhrmation Center: Office of Planning and Budget Populat~onEst~niate

15

Figure 4A
FORCIBLE RAPE
FIVE YEAR TREND

1981 Y-EA1R985
Figure 4B
FORCIBLE RAPE
WEAPON TYPE, 1985

unknown (26.7%)

firearm (8.5%) cutting tool (8.3%)

hands,fists (41.0%) 16

Figure 4C
FORCIBLE RAPE
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985
p u b area (46.0%)

Table 6
ROBBERY

DEFINITION
Robbery is taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

TREND

Number % Change from Rate per % Change from

Year reported

Previous Year

100,000

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1981 to 1985
- in number of reported crimes: -8.3 %
- in rate per 100,000: -14.4%
CHARACTERISTICS, 1985

Victim-Offender Relationship Type Weapon Used
Place of Occurrence

49.9 % 38.3% 11.9%
42.3% 31.6% 15.3 % 10.4% 0.5%
44.0% 35.9% 11.5% 8.6%

Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen During Offense

10.1 % 9.8% 9.6%

ArrestICrimes Ratio

.27

Stranger-to-Stranger Unknown Non-Stranger-to-Non-Stranger
Firearm Hands, Fist, etc. Other Dangerous Weapon Cutting Tool Unknown
Street, Alley Business Establishment Residence Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places
December January October
$5,607,120.00 Total $556.00 Per Incident

Profile of Persons Arrested

2,687

Arrests

5.1 % 31.0% 28.1 % 17.2% 10.3% 8.2%

Age 16 and under 17-21 22-26 27-31 32-36 37andover

Sex: Male Female

92.6% 7.4%

Race: White

24.7%

Non-White 75.3%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center; Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimate

Figure 5A
ROBBERY
FIVE YEAR TREND
YEAR
0 1981 - 1985
Figure 5B
ROBBERY
WEAPON TYPE. 1985 unknown (0.5%)
cutting tool (10.4%)

Figure 5C
ROBBERY
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1985
street (44.0%)

Table 7
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT

DEFINITION
Aggravated assault is the unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe bodily injury. This type of assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or other means likely to produce death or serious bodily harm. Attempts are included since it is not necessary that an injury result when a gun, knife, or other weapon is used which could and probably would result in serious personal injury if the crime is successfully completed.

TREND

Number % Change from Rate per % Change from

Year reported

Previous Year

l ~ p 0 0 Previous Year

Percentage change from 1981 to 1985 - in number of reported crimes: 9.3% - in rate per 100.000: -2.0%
CHARACTERISTICS, 1985

Victim-Offender Relationship Type Weapon Used

Place of Occurrence

Months of Highest Occurrence

ArrestICrimes Ratio

Profile of Persons Arrested

3.3% 17.0% 20.9% 19.1% 13.4% 26.3 %

Age 16 and under 17-21 22-26 27-31 32-36 37 and over

59.2 % 25.2% 15.6%
33.7% 32.4% 28.3%
5.0% 0.7%
43.8%
35.2 % 10.8% 10.2%
9.4% 9.2% 9.0%
.55
9,254

Non-Stranger-to-Non-Stranger Unknown Stranger-to-Stranger
Other Dangerous Weapon Firearm Cutting Tool Hands, Fists, etc. Unknown
Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, Alley Business Establishment
August July June
Arrests

Sex: Male Female

81.8% 18.2%

Race: White

34.9%

Non-White 65.1 %

Note: Due lo rounding. pcrcenlaps &I ncn always lob1 100% Snrrce: Gv~rgiaCriine Inli~rmationCcntcr: Oflice (11 Planning and Budget R>pulationEstiniatc

NUMBER REPORTED (Thousands)
I-. I-.

Figure 6C
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985
pub area (43.8%)

Table 8
BURGLARY

DEFINITION
Burglary is defined as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify the crime as a burglary.

TREND

Number % Change from Rate per % Change from

Year reported

Previous Year

100,000

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1981 to 1985 - in number of reported crimes: -12.4% - in rate per 100,000: -18.2 %
CHARACTERISTICS, 1985

Victim-Offender Relationship

82.0% 12.0% 6.0 %

Unknown Stranger-to-Stranger Non-Stranger-to-Non-Stranger

Place of Occurrence
Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen During Offense

64.9% 21.5% 13.5%
0.1 %
9.3% 9.0% 8.8 %

Residence Business Establishment Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Street, Alley
October August September
$63,1 10,583.00 Total $811.OO Per Incident

ArrestICrimes Ratio

.ll

Profile of Persons Arrested

8,570

Arrests

11.5% 37.6% 23.1 % 13.2% 7.8% 6.8 %

Age 16 and under 17-21 22-26 27-31 32-36 37 and over

Sex: Male Female

94.0% 6.0%

Race: White

47.7%

Non-White 52.3 %

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center: Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimate

Figure 7A
BURGLARY
FIVE YEAR TREND
YEAR
0 1981 - 1985
Figure 7B
BURGLARY
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1985 street (0.1%)
residence (64.9%)

Table 9
LARCENY

DEFINITION
Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes such as shoplifting, pocketpicking, purse-snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts and accessories, bicycle thefts, etc., in which no use of force, violence. or fraud occurs.
TREND

Number % Change from Rate per % Change from

Year reported Previous Year

l'wOO0

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1981 to 1985 - in number of reported crimes: -1.1% - in rate per 100,000: -5.6%
CHARACTERISTICS, 1985

Victim-Offender Relationship Criminal Activity

69.5% 22.3 %
8.2 %

Place of Occurrence
Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen During Offense

36.3 % 32.2%
28.1 % 3.3%
9.4% 9.3% 9.2%

ArrestlCrimes Ratio Profile of Persons Arrested

.I7 28,281

Unknown Stranger-to-Stranger Non-Stranger-to-Non-Stranger
From motor vehicle1 Auto accessories Other thefts Shoplifting From building Bicycles Purse snatching From coin machines Pocket-pic king
Business Establishment Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, Alley
April August July
$64,888,054.00 Total $395.00 Per Incident
Arrests

1 1.7 % 29.1% 19.0% 14.3% 9.6% 16.3%

Age 16 and under 17-21 22-26 27-31
32-36 37andover

Sex: Male Female

69.4% 30.6%

Race: White

40.5%

Non-White 59.5%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia Crime Informat~onCenter: Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimate

Figure 8A
Figure 8B
LARCENY
CRIMINAL ACTIVITY, 1985
pocket-pick (1.0%) purse-snatch (1.1%)
bicycles (4.7%)

pub area

Figure 8C
LARCENY
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1985
street (3.3%)
business (36.3%)

Table 10
MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT

DEFINITION
Motor vehicle theft is defined as the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. This definition excludes taking for temporary use by those persons having lawful access to the vehicle.

TREND

Number % Change from Rate per % Change from

Year reported

Previous Year

100,000

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1981 to 1985 - in number of reported crimes: -26.6% - in rate per 100,000: -18.2%
CHARACTERISTICS, 1985

Victim-Offender Relationship

76.4% 12.9% 10.7 %

Unknown Stranger-to-Stranger Non-Stranger-to-Non-Stranger

Place of Occurrence

40.6%
30.2% 23.1 % 6.1 %

Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Business Establishment Street, Alley

Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen During Offense

9.3% 9.2% 9.0%

October August July
$126,310,887.00 Total $5,523.00 Per Incident

ArrestICrimes Ratio

.09

Profile of Persons Arrested

2,140

Arrests

15.0% 40.1% 17.6% 11.4%
7.5% 8.5 %

Age 16 and under 17-21 22-26 27-31 32-36 37 and over

Sex: Male Female

9!.7% 8.3%

Race: White

47.3%

Non-White 52.7%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total IOOF Source: Georgia Crime Information Center: Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimate

Figure 9A
MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT
FIVE YEAR TREND
23

15 1981

1982

1983
1981 Y-EA19R85
Figure 9B

1984

MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1985

street (6.1%)

pub area

Table 11
ARSON

DEFINITION
Arson is defined as any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc. Only fires determined through investigation to have been willfully or maliciously set are classified as arsons. Fires of suspicious or unknown origins are excluded.

TREND

Number % Change from Rate per % Change from

Year reported

Previous Year

100,000

Previous Year

Percentage change from 1981 to 1985 - in number of reported crimes: 1.9% - in rate per 100,000: -4.9%
CHARACTERISTICS, 1985

Victim-Offender Relationship Place of Occurrence

Months of Highest Occurrence

ArrestICrimes Ratio

Profile of Persons Arrested

4.8 % 22.8% 20.0% 19.0% 12.8% 20.7 %

Age 16 and under 17-21 22-26 27-31 32-36 37 and over

Unknown Non-Stranger-to-Non-Stranger Stranger-to-Stranger
Residence Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Business Establishment Street, Alley
September July March

Arrests
Sex: Male Female

77.2% 22.8%

Race: White

61 .O%

Non-White 39.0%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center: Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimate

Figure lOA
ARSON
FIVE YBaR TREND

1982

1983

-YEAR
0 1981 1985

Figure 10B

1984

ARSON
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1985

residence (56.5%) 32

Figure 11
% O F TOTAL P A R T I CRIMES, 1985
60

0

MUR

RAP

ROB

AGA

BUR

LAR

MVT

ARS

CRIME TYPE % OF TOTAL

Table 12
CHARACTERISTICS OF PART I CRIMES, 1985

Forcible

Aggravated

Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary

Larceny

Motor Vehicle Theft

Arson

Victim-Perpetrator Relationship (%)

Reported Stranger-

to-Stranger

6.3

32.7

49.9

15.6

12.0

22.3

Reported non-

stranger-to-

non-stranger

42.6

41.4

11.9

59.2

6.0

8.2

Relationship not known

51.1

26.0

38.3

25.2

82.0

69.5

12.9

12.2

10.7

18.4

76.4

69.5

Weapon Used (%)

Firearm

44.4

8.5

42.3

32.4

Cutting Tool

13.1

8.3

10.4

28.3

Hands, fists, etc.

2.8

41 .O

31.6

5.0

Other dangerous

weapons

18.2

15.5

15.3

33.7

Unknown

21.4

26.7

0.5

0.7

Property Stolen
Total value
Value per incident

$44,357 $183,929 $5,607,120

$ 74 $ 66 $

556

$63,110,583 $64,888,054 $126,310,887

Occurrence (%)

Street, alley

7.6

11.3

44.0

10.8

0.1

3.3

Service station

1 .O

0.2

3.4

0.4

0.8

2.9

Chain store

1 .O

0.9

10.0

1.2

1.4

6.8

Bank

0.0

0.1

1.9

0.1

0.1

0.2

Other commercial business

6.2

4.6

20.6

8.5

19.2

26.4

Residence

44.6

36.4

11.5

35.2

64.9

28.1

Public areas,

other buildings,

unknown

39.5

46.0

8.6

43.8

13.5

32.2

6.1

8.1

1.1

0.5

1.2

0.9

0.1

0.4

20.6

13.9

30.2

56.5

40.6

19.7

Note: Due to rounding or missing data, percentages do not always total 100%. Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CRIME
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) are geographical subdivisions composed of a core city with a population of at least 50,000 or an urbanized area of at least 50,000 population and a total metropolitan area population of at least 100,000 combined with economically/socially related counties: MSA's experienced the highest crime rates in the state in all categories of Part I crimes (See Table 14).
Georgia's eight MSA's currently account for 63.2 percent of the state's population yet they include only 38 of the 159 counties. In comparison of overall crime rates, MSA's more than

double (6,195) the non-MSA rate (2,882) for rural areas (See Table 13).
These tables indicate the importance of population density as one factor in the number of crimes committed in an area. Table 40 provides specific crime rates for the individual counties that are the components of the MSAInon-MSA breakdown. The ranking of counties by crime rate in Table 40 also indicates that many of the counties that are part of an MSA rank high in the listing.

METROPOLITAN

STATISTICAI.

AREA

COUNTY

POPULATION

Table 13
MSAINON MSA's. 1985

%OF

AGGRAVATED

TOTAL MURDER RAPE ROBBERY ASSAULT

MOTOR VEHICLE BURGLARY LARCENY THEFT

PART I CRIME ARSON TOTAL

-
CRIME RATE

Alhany. GA MSA

Dnugherty liee

108.328 15.144

I2

101

124

I

2

0

398

2.084

2.940

252

23 5.934

6

21

32

6

I

69

Alhany. GA MSA Total

123.472

2.1%

13

103

124

404

2.105

2.972

258

24 6.003

4.862

Athens. GA MSA

Clarke Jackmn Mad~mn Oconee

77.803 27.030 19.665 15.183

6

32

78

1

5

9

0

2

0

0

0

3

M6

1,096

3.675

254

21 5.468

71

259

338

59

11

753

13

82

90

I?

I

200

5

35

15

5

2

65

Athens. GA MSA Total

Atlanta. GA MSA

Barrow Butta Cknrkcc Claytun Cohh Cmucta Deklh Douglas Fayette Rrrsyth Fula)n Gw~nnett Henry Newtnn Pauld~ng Rnckdalc Spalding Walton

23.375 14.998 63.724 171.054 336.5 17 42.497 512,567 69.28 1 45.909 33.408 615.938 23 1.529 44.997 38.142 30.474 48.255 5 1.422 35.1 17

4

7

1

4

8

17

8

33

8

92

5

10

18 231

3

14

0

2

0

8

168 1.008

7

39

2

14

4

4

7

4

3

8

II

I8

0

6

8 4 5 147 32 1 I2 1.079 16 3 5 5.547 101 13 16 5 18 56 4

40 9
100 282 505
47 735 146
17 34 6.659 375 45 102 54 117 243 40

232 122 637 1,811 4,263 433 9,168 474 313 362 17,823 2.937 386 472 207 434 678 260

415 151 1.029 4.862 9.665 586 20,387 1,240 556 614 40.667 6.388 758 804 327 966 1.589 472

62 23 201 679 1.867 62 3.292 209 45 102 8.010 1.030 103 73 67 I21 146 44

7

775

3

317

20 2.017

20 7.842

69 16.790

6 1.161

84 34.994

8 2.110

2

938

7 1,132

82 79.964

112 10.989

8 1.329

I 2 1.487

11

682

9 1.676

9 2.750

2

828

Atlanta. GA MSA Total

2.409.204

40.4%

257 1.519

7.360

9.5M

41.012

91.476

16.136

471 167.781

6.964

Augusla. GA MSA

Columh~a Richmond McDuffie

51.117 194.757 20.029

1

14

I I

34

77

246

0

0

3

5 1

414

679

40

11 1.221

39 1

2,900

5,689

597

51 9.985

6

39

123

9

3

183

Augusta. CA MSA Tbtal

265.903

4 5%

35

91

260

448

3.353

6,491

646

65 11.389

4,283

Chattant~>gd. TN-GA MSA

Dade Catoosa Walker

13.134 40.243 58.145

I

I

3

0

2

13

2

13

8

2

71

65

28

6

177

22

202

387

8 1

8

715

47

509

707

140

33 1.459

Chattana>ga. TN-GA MSA Total

Columbus. GA-AL MSA
Columbus. GA-AL
MSA Total

Chattahmchee Muscogee

22,647 177.132
199.779

3 4%

0

0

2

25

84

397

25

84

399

10

18

14

0

0

44

379

2.080

6.130

557

33 9.685

389

2.098

6.144

557

33 9.729

4.870

Macon. GA M SA

Bibb Houston Jones Rach

156.087 84,450 18.935 20.9 14

17

90

165

6

25

43

2

I

0

I

I

5

376

1.904

5,403

420

54 8.429

162

1.105

2.019

150

10 3.520

4

36

4 1

6

0

90

48

I51

260

24

1

491

Macon. GA MSA Total

Savannah. GA MSA

Chatham Effineham

211,804 20,715

Swannah. CA MSA Total

Total MSA's

3,762.466

63 2%

440 2.168

9.238

12.418

58.601

129.928

19.464

809 233.066

6.195

Total Out*~de MSA'r

2.194.098

36.8%

163 637

840

4,316

19.208

34.215

3.404

455 63.238

2.882

Total Stale Agenclc* Repun~ng

1

111

75

99

552

286

94

56 1.274

Total State

5,956.564

I00.0C

603 2.805

10.078

16.734

77.809

164.143

22.868

1.264 296.304

5.974

Source Georg~aCrime lnformatlon Center. Rural Development Center. Office o f Planning and Budget

Table 14
MSAINON-MSA PART I CRIME RATES, 1985

AGGRAVATED

MOTOR

MURDER RAPE ROBBERY ASSAULT BURGLARY LARCENY VEH THEFT ARSON

TOTAL MSA

10.7

57.6

245.5

330.0

1,557.5

3,453.3

517.3

21.5

NON-MSA

7.4

29.0

38.3

196.7

875.4

1,559.4

155.1

20.7

Source: Georgia Cr~rneInformation Center

CRIME TRENDS AND COMPARISONS
The five year trend from 1981-1985 indicates that crime peaked during 1981. After a two year decrease in 1982 and 1983, 1984 and 1985 figures indicate a reversal of the downward pattern. Examination of rates for individual Part I crimes indicates that all increased in 1984 and 1985 with the exception of burglary which dropped by 0.6 percent in 1984. The total increase for Part I crimes in 1985 was 14.3 percent.
Table 17 indicates that Georgia, the South and the United States experienced an increase for Part I crimes for 1985.

CHANGES IN CRIME RATES
Crime rates must be interpreted with the understanding that they are the product of changes in both the number of crimes reported and population. For this reason, analysis of crime rate comparison is important since comparable groups, whether counties or states or specific groups of persons of a certain age range, race, or sex, can be compared to determine a rate per 100,000 persons. Table 19 relates crime and population from 1981-1985.

Figure 12A
PART I CRIMES, FIVE YEAR TREND
VIOLENT. PROPERTY. TOTAL. 1981 - 1985 320

VIOLSNT

I\U

YEAR PROPERTY

TOTAL

Figure 12B
PART I CRIME RATE, FIVE YEAR TREND
VIOLENT, PROPERTY, TOTAL, 1981 - 1985

VIOLENT

YEAR
im PROPERTY

TOTAL

Type of Crime
Murder (% Change)
Forcible Rape (% Change)
Robbery ( % Change)
Aggravated Assault (% Change)
Total violent crime (% Change)

Table 15
CHANGES IN NUMBER OF PART I CRIMES GEORGIA, 1981-1985

1981

1982

1983

1984

15,312 -2.0%
29,598 -0.7%

16,484 7.7%
29,444 -0.5%

15,305 -7.2%
26,442 - 10.2%

16,253 6.2%
28,168 6.5%

Burglary (% Change)
Larceny (% Change)
Motor vehicle theft (% Change)
Arson ( % Change)
Total property crime ( % Change)
Total Part I crime ( % Change)

270,49 1 2.5%

260,110 -3.8%

224,722 - 13.6%

23 1,085 2.8%

Source. Gcorg~aC r ~ m eInformation Centcr

1985
16,734 3.0%
30,220 7.3%
266,084 15.1%

Table 16
CHANGES IN PART I CRIMES PER 100,000 PERSONS GEORGIA, 1981-1985

Type of Crime
Murder (% Change)
Forcible Rape (% Change)
Robbery (% Change)
Aggravated Assault (% Change)
Total violent crime (% Change)
Burglary (% Change)
Larceny ( % Change)
Motor vehicle theft (% Change)
Arson (% Change)
Total property crime (% Change)

1981

1982

532.1 -2.4%

520.1 -2.3%

4,862.1 0.6%

4,595.4 -5.5%

1983
459.2 -11.7%
3,902.2 -15.1%

1984

1985

480.9 4.7%

507.3 5.5%

3,944.9 1.1%

4,467.1 13.2%

1981 1985
-4.7%
-8.1%

Total Part I crime (% Change)

5,394.2 0.3%

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

5,115.5 -5.2%

4,361.4 - 14.7%

4,425.8 1.5%

4,974.4 12.4%

-7.8%

Table 17
PART I CRIME TRENDS GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1981-1985

Georgia South Nation

1981

% Change

300,089 4,266,751 13,290,256

2.1% 2.4% -0.04%

1982

% Change

289,554 4,220,401 12,857,218

-3.5% - 1.1 % -3.3%

1983

% Change

251,164 3.932.209 11,955,815

-13.3% -6.8% -7.0%

1984

% Change

259,253 3,892.887 11,597.141

3.2% - 1 .OR -3.0%

1985

% Change

295,040 4,228,828 12.104.595

13.8% 8.6% 4.4%

Arson totals are not included in thi.s table. Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Report Preliminary Annual Release; Georgia Crime Information Center

Type of Crime
Murder (% Change)
Forcible Rape (% Change)
Robbery (% Change)
Aggravated Assault (% Change)
Total violent crime (% Change)
Burglary (% Change)
Larceny (% Change)
Motor vehicle theft (% Change)
Total property crime (% Change)
Total Part I crime (% Change)

Table 18
CHANGES IN NUMBERS OF PART I CRIMES GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1981--1985

Georgia

1981

1985

South

1981

1985

Nation

1981

1985

29,803

30,220 1.4%

88,328 154,567

77,809 -11.9%
164,143 6.2%

19,891

22,868 15.0%

262,786 264,820 0.8%

292,589 295,040 0.8%

378,397

45 1,057 19.2%

1,063,365 2,009,124

1,099,837 3.4%
2,357,858 17.4%

271,224

320,076 18.0%

3,343,713 3,777,771 13.0%

3,722,110 4,228,828 13.6%

1,308,898 3,759,193 7,112,657

1,276,581 -2.5%
2,947,338 -21.6%
6,804,805 -4.3%

1,114,651

1,075,871 -3.5%

11,986,501 10,828,014 -9.7%

13,295,399

12,104,595 -9.0%

Arson comparisons are not available for this table (Source: FBI. Un~formCrime Reprt Preliminary Annual Release: Georgia Crime Information Center)

Figure 13

PART I CRIMES, FIVE YEAR TREND
GEORGIA. SOUTH. NATION. 1981 - 1985
14

13 -

12 -

11 -

n

F w

10 -

P:0.;;

g-

w=:

g- 8 7 -

z
6 -

5 -

4 J3

.Y-.

-
U

u

-El

3 1981

1
1982
SOUTEP

I
1983
YEAR +

NATION

I
1984

1985

400
350 -
300 r+
250 200 -
150 100 50 -
0 1981

I
1982

I
1983
YEAR n GEORGU

I
1984

1
1985

Table 19
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRIME AND POPULATION, GEORGIA 1981-l985

No. Part I

Part I

Year

Population

% Change

Crimes

% Change

Crime Rate

% Change

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center; Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimates
Figure 14A
PART I REPORTED CRIMES
1981 - 1985
320 300

YEAR
PART I CRIMES

Figure 14B
PART I CRIME RATES
- PER 100.000 PERSONS. 1981 1985

PROFILE OF PART I1 CRIMES IN GEORGIA
With the exception of 1982, the number of Part I1 crimes reported to GCIC has increased every year from 1981 to 1985. DUI data for 1985 are not available as of print date, however, in comparing crime totals, excluding DUI, for 1981 through 1985 one finds that totals for other Part I1 crimes continue to reflect an upward trend (see Table 20).
Part I1 crimes have not registered the same pattern demonstrated over the past 5 years as Part I crimes (See Figure 15). Because of the seriousness of Part I crimes, they are more

likely to be reported; however, increased public and law enforcement awareness of certain Part I1 crimes has resulted in more frequent and accurate reporting. Included in these are narcotics offenses and crimes against children which embody several categories including other sex offenses, family offenses, and rapes involving juveniles. (Note: Rape is a Part I offense).
This section contains analyses of arrests for drug law violations and crimes against children.

Table 20
PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I1 CRIMES, 1981-1985

PART I1 CRIMES
Other Assault Forgery /Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense CurfewILoitering Runaway
Total
Source: Georgia C r ~ m eInformation Centet
"DUI totals una~ailable

1981 225,895

1982 22 1,954

1983 24 1,698

1984 258,645

1985 221,106

Figure 15
REPORTED PART I1 CRIME INCIDENTS
1981 - 1985

PAYREATRn

Table 21
PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I1 CRIMES STATEWIDE, 1984-1985

PART I1 CRIMES

% of Total

% of Total

Other Assault ForgeryICounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense CurfewILoitering Runaway

Total

258,645

Source. Georg~aCrlmc Informat~onCenter *DUI total unava~lable

100.0% 221,106

100.0%

CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN 1981-1985
Specific offense and arrest information for crimes against children may be analyzed to determine trends in the areas of rape, kidnapping, sex offenses, cruelty towards a child, contributing to the delinquency of a minor, and child neglect as these crimes apply to children and those arrested. (Note: Data on the specific crime category murder of children are not available).
The pattern of offenses within these categories for 1981-1985 do not conform to the pattern for all offenses reported during the same period. Reports of these particular offenses have been steadily increasing each year since 1981, while the totals for all crimes combined declined from 1981 through 1983,

increased in 1984 and show a slight decrease for 1985 (1985 totals do not include DUI data).
One possible explanation for the increase in reported crimes of this type is the increased public attention focused on crimes against children. Legislative attention both at the state and federal level has mandated that this problem should be of primary focus for law enforcement agencies at all levels of government.
This increased awareness may have produced a greater sensitivity to such crimes and a greater tendency by the public to report such crimes.

Table 22A
REPORTED CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN GEORGIA, 1981-1985

CRIME

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Rape* Kidnapping** Sex Offense*** Cruelty Towards Child Contributing to Delinquency of a Minor Child Neglect Total

477

692

749 1,071 1,165

410 2,180 3,854

374 1,872 3,869

47 1 1,721 3,957

45 3 1,445 4,398

376 1,784 5,021

Table 22B
REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN GEORGIA, 1981-1985

CRIME

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Rape* Female Male
Kidnapping*" Female Male
Sex Offense*** Female Male
Cruelty Towards Child Female Male
Contributing to Delinquency of a Minor
Female Male Child Neglect Female Male
Total
* Rape committed agalnst juveniles includes the spec~ficcharge+ of: sexual assault-sodomy-boy-gun. sexual assault-
sodomy-girl-gun, sexual assault-sodomy-hoy. sexual assault-sodomy-girl. sexual assault-sodomy-boy-strongarm. and sexual assault-sodomy-girl-atrongarnl
** Kidnapping ofjuveniles includes the apec~ficcharge of. kidnap mlnor for ransom. hidnap nilnor to sexually assault.
and kidnap minor
*** Sexual offenses againjt juvcnlles include the specif~ccharge\ (if: child iondl~ng.homoae\ual dct u ~ t hboy. honio-
sexual act with girl. and Incest with mlnor
Source: Uniform Crime Reporting databaae. Georgia Crlme Infiirlnatlon Center

ARRESTS FOR CRIMES
Trends, Characteristics, Comparisons
Numbers and rates of arrests are useful measures of law enforcement activity and official responses to crime. Arrest statistics also provide some insight into the composition of the criminal population, particularly as regards age, sex and race. The varied policies and emphasis of law enforcement agencies influence the volume and type of arrests made. However, arrest practices for crimes are relatively uniform, allowing comparisons over time. Furthermore, it must be understood that because an individual can be arrested more than once during a given year, annual arrest statistics more accurately reflect the number of arrests made, rather than the number of different persons taken into custody.
The arrest data reflect the actual number of arrests reported, not necessarily all those that took place.

Profile of Part I Arrest Trends
During the period 1981-1985, the number of arrests made by Georgia law enforcement agencies for Part I crimes increased 0.5 percent. Excluding 1983 and 1984, increases in reported arrests were recorded for all other years during the period. The number of arrests increased for forcible rape (7.0%),aggravated assault (4.2%) and larceny (10.7%). Decreases were reported for murder (-17.0 %), robbery (-10.4 %), burglary (-20.3%), motor vehicle theft (-8.0%) and arson (-24.3%) (See Table 23). Arrests were made for only a small portion of reported crimes (See Table 24).

Figure 16
REPORTED PART 1 ARRESTS
FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981 - 1985
60

YEaR PART I

Figure 17A
PART I CRIME ARRESTS
BY AGE, 1981
Figure 17B
PART I CRIME ARRESTS
BY AGE. 1985

Profile of Persons Arrested
With the exceptions of murder, aggravated assault and arson, young people aged 17-26 are arrested more frequently than other age groups for both violent and property crimes. Population estimates reveal that the number of persons in the 17-21 age group has fallen by approximately one percent from 1981 to 1985. During the same time period, this age group's arrest rate has fallen from 32.4 percent of total arrests to 28.6 percent of total arrests (See table 25). (Care should be exercised in placing too much emphasis on the demographic factor).
In addition, males were arrested more frequently than females, and non-whites were arrested more often than whites. (See Table 26 arrests by age, sex, and race).

Profile of Juvenile Arrests for Part 1 Crimes
In Georgia, juveniles are persons 16 years of age and under. In 1985, juveniles accounted for 9.7% of all arrests for Part I crimes. This represents an increase of 1.3% from 8.4% in 1981. The percentage of total arrests slightly increased from 1981-1985 (See Table 25).
In 1985 juveniles represented the lowest percentages of arrest rates for each category of Part I violent crimes but the age group 37+ recorded the lowest percentages of arrest rates for Part I property crimes (See Tables 26 and 27). Table 27 indicates that juveniles are being arrested for few violent crimes as compared to property crimes such as burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft.
Note: Population estimates are based upon extrapolations of projections provided by the Office of Planning and Budget.

Table 23
PROFILE OF REPORTED ARRESTS FOR PART I CRIMES 1981-1985

Type of Crime
Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape ( % Change) Robbery ( % Change) Aggravated Assault ( % Change)
Total violent crime ( % Change)
Burglary ( % Change) Larceny (% Change) Motor vehicle theft (% Change) Arson (% Change)

1981
13,566 2.8%

Total property crime (% Change)
Total Part I crime (% Change)

39,012 5.0%
52,578 4.4%

Source: Georg~aCrime Information Center

1982
14,133 4.2%
40,811 4.6%
54,944 4.5%

1983
12,896 -8.8%
35,624 - 12.7% 48,520 -11.7%

1984
12,636 -2.0%
33,966 -4.7%
46,602 -4.0%

1985
13,562 7.3%
39,281 15.6%
52,843 13.4%

1981 1985
.O%
0.7% 0.5

Table 24
COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF REPORTED PART I CRIMES AND NUMBER OF REPORTED PART I CRIME ARRESTS, 1981-1985

Type of Crime

1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests

Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault

836 2,459 10,991 15,3 12

748 935 2,998 8,885

744 2,453 9,763 16,484

668 869 2,934 9,662

460 2,188 8,489 15,305

590 923 2,677 8,706

562 2,530 8,823 16,253

574 942 2,502 8,618

603 2,805 10,078 16,734

62 1 1,000 2,687 9,254

Total violent crime

29,598 13,566 29,444 14,133 26,442 12,896 28,168 12,636 30,220 13,562

Burglary Larceny Motor vehicle theft Arson

88,822 10,748 82,256 10,844 70,080 8,530 69,659 7,654 77,809 8,570 162,368 25,556 158,935 27,414 137,642 24,885 142,732 24,173 164,143 28,281

18,061 1,240

2,325 383

17,765 1,154

2,187 15,954 366 1,046

1,918 17,626 291 1,068

1,861 22,868 278 1,264

2,140 290

Total property crime

270,491 39,012 260,110 40,811 224,722 35,624 231,085 33,966 266,084 39,281

Total Part I crime

300,089 52,578 289,554 54,944 25 1,164 48,520 259,253 46,602 296,304 52,843

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

Age Group

Table 25
GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR PART I CRIMES 1981-1985, BY AGE GROUP

1981

%

1982

%

1983

%

1984

%

1985

%

0-16 17-2 1 22-26 27-3 1 32-36
37 +
Total

4,417 17,035 11,410 7,571 4,469 7,676 52,578

8.4% 32.4% 21.7% 14.4% 8.5% 14.6% 100.0%

4,340 17,032 11,868 8,187 5,275 8,242 54,944

7.9% 31.0% 21.6% 14.9% 9.6% 15.0% 100.0%

3,979 14,653 10,286 7,423 4,658 7,521 48,520

8.2% 30.2% 21.2% 15.3% 9.6% 15.5% 100.0%

4,614 13,485 9,884 6,838 4,428 7,353 46,602

9.9% 28.9% 21.2% 14.7% 9.5% 15.8% 100.0%

5,128 15,127 10,852 8,030 5,273 8,433 52,843

9.7% 28.6% 20.5% 15.2% 10.0% 16.0% 100.0%

Source: Georgia Crime Inf(:rmat~on Center

Table 26
PROFILE OF PERSONS ARRESTED BY SPECIFIC AGE, SEX, RACE, 1985
-
AGE

Type of Crime

16 and Under

17-21

22-26

27-31

32-36

37 and Over

Murder

1.3%

18.0%

20.6%

18.0%

11.6%

30.4%

Forcible Rape

4.7%

23.0%

24.7%

20.9%

11.7%

15.0%

Robbery

5.1 %

31.0%

28.1 %

17.2%

10.3%

8.2%

Aggravated Assault

3.3%

17.0%

20.9%

19.1%

13.4%

26.3%

Total Violent Crime

3.7%

20.3%

22.6%

18.8%

12.6%

22.1 %

Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson

11.5% 11.7% 15.0% 4.8%

37.6% 29.1 % 40.1 % 22.8%

23.1% 19.0% 17.6% 20.0%

13.2% 14.3% 11.4% 19.0%

7.8% 9.6% 7.5 % 12.8%

6.8% 16.3% 8.5% 20.7%

Total Property Crime

11.8%

31.5%

19.8%

13.9%

9.1%

13.9%

Total Part I Crime

9.7%

28.6%

20.5%

15.2%

10.0%

16.0%

Type Crime
Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault
Total Violent Crime
Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson
Total Property Crime
Total Part I Crime
Source: Georgla Crime Information Center

SEX

Male

Female

85.2%

14.8%

76.0% 78.4%

24.0% 21.6%

White

RACE Non-White

32.1%

67.9%

42.6% 39.9%

57.4% 60.1 %

Table 27
ARREST RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS BY SPECIFIC AGE, SEX, RACE, 1985

Type of Crime

Total Arrest Rates 16 and Under 17-21

AGE

22-26

27-31

32-36

37 and Over

Murder

10.4

0.5

21.7

24.8

21.6

15.0

8.2

Forcible Rape

16.8

2.9

44.5

47.8

40.4

24.4

6.5

Robbery

45.1

8.5

161.5

146.3

89.4

57.6

9.5

Aggravated Assault

155.4

19.1

304.2

374.8

341.6

258.4

105.0

Total Violent Crime

227.7

31.1

531.9

593.7

493.0

355.3

129.1

Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson

143.9 474.8
35.9 4.9

61.1 205.7
19.9 0.9

624.4 1593.4 166.3
12.8

383.3 1039.5
73.0 11.2

217.6 782.4 46.9
10.6

139.7 563.5 33.4
7.7

25.3 199.3
7.8 2.6

Total Property Crime

659.5

287.5

2396.9 1507.0 1057.6 744.3

235.0

Total Part I Crime

887.1

318.5

2928.8 2100.7 1550.5 1099.6

364.1

Type Crime
Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault
Total Violent Crime
Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson
Total Property Crime
Total Part I Crime

SEX

Male

Female

16.1

3.5

32.2

0.4

80.7

5.6

242.9

52.2

372.0

61.8

1270.4

323.1

White
4.9 7.2 14.6 71.7
98.4

RACE Non-White 21.5 37.3 110.2 326.5 495.4

451.0

1606.9

Table 28
GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR PART I CRIMES, 1972-1985

Violent Offenses

Property Offenses

Year

Number

Rate 100,000

Number

Rate 100,000

Part I Crimes, by Race

Violent Offenses

Property Offenses

Year

White

Non-White

White

Non-White

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center: Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimate
Note: The ~nclusionof arson as a Part 1 offense began in 1980. Some variance in crime rate will occur in comparing the yearly figures prior to 1980 thereafter as a result

PROFILE OF PART I1 ARREST TRENDS
Arrests for Part I1 crimes from 1981 through 1985 followed a pattern similar to that experienced for Part I arrests. Both Part I and Part I1 arrests increased in 1982 and decreased in 1983 and 1984. 1985 Part I1 totals cannot be compared because 1985 DUI arrest totals were unavailable prior to publication date. They are comparable if you drop the DUI arrests out of the totals for the four preceding years. (See Table 29).

PROFILE OF JUVENILE ARRESTS FOR PART I1 CRIMES
Table 30 indicates that the percentage of Part I1 crimes committed by juveniles remained low throughout the period 19811985. Considering the population factor, arrest rates for juveniles for each Part 11crime were generally the lowest for each age group (See Table 32). Of all Part I1 crimes, Other Offenses, Runaways and Other Assaults ranked the highest of juvenile Part I1 arrests. Though juvenile Part I arrests clearly demonstrated a tendency toward higher figures for property crimes, Part I1 arrests did not show the same distinction. Other Assaults are higher in 1985 compared to arrests for stolen property (See Table 31).

PART I1 CRIMES

Table 29
PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I1 ARRESTS, 1981-1985

1981

1982

1983

1984

Other Assault Forgery /Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense CurfewILoitering Runaway

Total
Source. Gcorz~aC r ~ m eInti~rmationCenter "Note: Total\ do not lnlcude DUI nrre\t\.

1985

Figure 18
PARFTIVEIY1EARCTRREINMD,E198A1 -R1R98E5 STS
180

YBAR
P m f[ Excluding D U I

Age Group

1981 %

Table 30
ARRESTS FOR PART I1 CRIMES 1981-1985, BY AGE GROUP

1982 %

1983 %

1984 %

1985 %

Total

243,903 100.0% 256,589 100.0% 244,109 100.0% 234,800 100.0% 160,325 100.0%

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Note: I985 Total does not include arrests for DUI w h ~ c hare unavailablc.

Figure 19A
PART I1 CRIME ARRESTS
BY AGE, 1981
Figure 19B
PART I1 CRIME ARRESTS
BY AGE, 1985

Part I1 Crimes

Table 31
PART I1 ARRESTS BY AGE, 1985

AGE

16 and Under

17-21

22-26

27-31

32-36

37 and Above

Other Assault ForgerylCounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfewlhitering Runaway
Total

478 56 129 2 190
420 0
2 3 96 296
7 364
*
210 159
0 0 1,759 0 503
4,692

3,760 927
3,672 195 874
1,048 0
500 42 1 5,029
56 509
*
1,330 427 0 2
12,794 0 20
3 1,564

4,413 942
5,888 313 584 836 0
670 489 6,284
85 1,277
*
457 779
0 1 14,706 0 0
37,724

3,815 710
5,484 266 447 683 0
452 49 1 4,539 117 1,441
*
545 1,150
0 I 11,813 0 0
3 1,954

2,625 379
4,062 197 300 448 0
197 376 2,538 99 1,199
*
364 738
0 2 8,084 0 0
2 1,608

3,875 449
5,792 330 437 540 0
158 763 2,092 290 1,121
*
1.238 2,322
0 4 13,370 0 2
32,783

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center *DUI totals unavailable

Part I1 Crimes

Table 32
PART I1 ARRESTS RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS 1985, BY AGE

Total

AGE

Arrest Rates 16 and Under Per 100,000 17-21 Per 100.000

22-26

Per 100.000

Other Assault ForgerylCounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfewlhitering Runaway

318.4 58.1 420.2 21.9 47.5 66.7 0.0
33.6 44.3 348.8 11.0 99.2 0.0 69.6 93.6
0.0 0.2 1049.7 0.0 8.8

Total Arrest Rates

269 1.6

Source: Georg~aCrime 1nformati1)nCenter *DUI totals unavailable

478 56 129 2 190
420 0
2 3 96 296
7 364
*
210 159
0 0 1.759 0 503
4.692

29.7 3,760

3.5

927

8.0 3.672

0. I

195

11.8

874

26.1 1.048

0.0

0

1.4 6.0 18.4 0.4 22.6 0.0 13.0 9.9 0.0 0.0 109.3 0.0 31.2
291.4

500 42 1 5,029
56 509
*
1.330 42 7 0
- 7
12.794 0 20
31.564

728.0 179.5 710.9 37.8 169.2 202.9
0.0

4,413 942
5.888 313 5 84 836 0

96.8 81.5 973.7 10.8 98.5 0.0 257.5 82.7 0.0 0.4
2477.1 0.0 3.9
- .-
61 11.2

670 489 6.284
85 1.277
*
457 779
0 I
14.706 O 0
37.724

854.2 182.3 1139.8 60.6 113.0 161.8
0.0
129.7 94.7 1216.4 16.5 247 .2
0.0 88.5 150.8 0.0 0.2 2846.7 0.0 0.0
7302.4

Table 32
PART I1 ARRESTS RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS 1985, BY AGE
AGE
27-31 Per 100,000 32-36 Per 100,000 37 and Above

Per 100,000

Part I1 Crimes
Other Assault Forgerylcounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense CurfewILoitering Runaway
Total Arrest Rates

Table 33
PART I1 ARRESTS STATEWIDE BY SEX AND RACE, 1985
Male Percent Female Percent White Percent Non-White Percent

127,626

79.6% 32,699 20.4% 83,832 52.3%

76,493 47.7%

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 'DUI totals unavailable
DRUG VIOLATIONS 1981-1985
Though violations of drug laws are not Part I offenses, drug offenses challenge the resources of law enforcementfrom the level of the street sale to the massive organizations which manufacture, import and distribute drugs in the United States.
For 1981 and 1982, arrests for drug violations in Georgia increased from 19,828 to 21, 145. The total dropped in 1983 to 17,428and steadily increased to 20,778 in 1985, a 4.8 percent increase over the five year period.
Each year from 1981 to 1985, persons were arrested for offenses related to marijuana more frequently than any other

drug, though in 1982 and 1983 marijuana related arrests declined.
During the same five year period, increases were noted in arrests for Cocaine (409.0%), Hallucinogens (108.3%), Heroin (106.31%),Narcotic Equipment (564.8%), and Synthetic Narcotics (155.6%).
Of particular interest is the fact that cocaine arrests doubled in the period from 1983 to 1984. Arrests for narcotic equipment showed an even greater increase during this period.

Table 34
REPORTED DRUG ARRESTS STATEWIDE 1981--1985

Drug
Amphetamme Barb~turate Cocaine Halluc~nogen Heroin Marijuana Narcotic Equ~pment Opium Synthetic Narcot~c
Free Text*
Yearly Total

1981 Rank

200

3

125

5

454

2

24

9

48

7

10.918

1

54

6

185

4

45

8

7.775

19.828

1982 % Change Rank

290

45.0%

3

205

64.0%

4

587

29.3%

2

61

154.2%

8

31

-35.4%

9

10,644

-2.5%

I

109

101.9%

7

189

2.2%

5

127

182.2%

6

8,902

14.5%

21,145

6.6%

Note: Free Text - Includes all other violations of state and local laws relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growing, manufacturing and making of narcotic drugs which cannot be singularly classified in categories 1-9.
Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

% Change Rank

-37.2%

6

-48.8%

7

55.2%

2

3.3%

8

261.3%

5

- 13.7%

I

16.5%

3

-31.7%

9

15.7%

4

6.471

-27.3%

17.428 -17 6 %

% Change Rank

-29.1 %

6

40.0%

7

100.0%

2

-6.3%

8

49.1 %

5

10.2%

I

120.5%

3

-90.7%

9

23.1%

4

6,540

1.1%

19,366

11.1 %

1985 % Change Rank

72

-44.2%

6

34

-46.0%

8

2311

26.8%

2

50

-15.2%

7

99

-40.7%

5

10510

3.9%

I

359

28.2%

3

I2

00%

9

115 -36 5 %

4

7216

10.3%

20.778

7.3%

-7.2% 4.8%

PROFILE OF REPORTED CLEARANCES
According to the FBIIUCR handbook, reported offenses can be cleared by arrest or exceptional means (certain circumstances when arrest of the suspect will be impossible). For purposes of statistical reporting, the number of offenses and not the number of persons arrested are counted in clearance reports.
Overall trends in clearances for Part I and I1 crimes follow very similar patterns from 1981 to 1985. Clearances have

steadily risen in 1984 and 1985 for both Part I and Part 11 crimes (See Figure 20).
Clearance rate is defined as the number of clearances divided by the number of reported crimes. Tables 37 and 38 represent the actual clearance rates for each year. Due to variances in reporting practices, care should be exercised in comparing law enforcement agency clearance rates. Yearly totals, however, are useful for comparison.

Figure 20
PART I AND PART I1 CLEARANCES
FIVE YEAR TREND, 1981 - 1985

1961

1982
rza PART I

1983

1984

YELARZ ~PART n

1985

Table 35
PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I CLEARANCES, 1981-1985

PART I CRIMES

1981

1982

1983

1984

Murder & Non-neg. Mansl. Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Larceny /Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson

Total
Source: Georgia C r ~ m eInformation Center

46,851

60,043

34,578

53,619

Figure 21
PART I CLEARANCES
FIVE YEAR TREND, 1981 - 1985

1985 91,638

YEAR
PART I

Table 36
PROFILE OF REPORTED PART I1 CLEARANCES, 1981-1985

PART I1 CRIMES

1981

1982

1983

1984

Other Assault Forgerylcounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense CurfewILoitering Runaway

Total
Source: Georgia Crime Information Center *Data unavailable

129,612

21 1,577

92,119

Figure 22
PART I1 CLEARANCES - FIVE YEAR TREND. 1981 1985

140,627

1985 114,595

I/_LI paYwErARn

-

--

PART I CRIMES

-

-

Murder & Non-neg. Mansl.

Forcible Rape

Robbery

Aggravated Assault

Burglary

Larceny/Theft

Motor Vehicle Theft

Arson

Table 37
CLEARANCE RATES PART I CRIMES, 1981-1985

Total

15.6

20.7

13.8

20.7

30.9

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

Table 38
CLEARANCE RATES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1981-1985

PART I1 CRIMES

Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense CurfewILoitering Runaway

Total
Source: Georgia Crime Information Center *Data unavailable

57.4

95.3

38.1

54.4

58.1

COUNTY CRIME PROFILES
Part I crime profiles for counties, shown in Table 41A, were developed from 1984 and 1985 reports submitted to the Georgia Crime Information Center by participating law enforcement agencies. Also included this year are Part I1 county crime profiles for 1985 (See Table 41B). County totals are actual numbers reported; estimates for unreported crime are not included. In addition, some agencies did not consistently submit crime reports for 1985 which, in effect, lowered those county totals.
County Rankings
Fulton, DeKalb, Cobb, and Chatham counties accounted for

more than one-half of all the Part I crimes reported in Georgia in 1985. Tables 39 and 40 list Georgia's 159 counties by their rankings in total Part I crimes reported and Part I crime rates, respectively. Great care should be exercised in any effort to interpret these data due to the existence of disparate reporting processes in some counties. However, in a majority of counties at least one law enforcement agency reported to the Georgia Crime Information Center in accordance with established laws. Consequently, these data provide a useful ranking of Part I crimes and Part I crime rates within the individual counties, to the extent that reporting and non-reporting practices of law enforcement agencies in the several counties are consistent from year to year.

County

Table 39
RANKING OF COUNTIES BY NUMBER OF REPORTED PART I CRIMES, 1985

Number of Reported Part I Crimes

County

Number of Reported Part I Crimes

County

Number of Reported Part I Crimes

Fulton Dekalb Cobb Chatham Gwinnett Richmond Muscogee Bibb Clayton Dougherty Clarke Glynn Lowndes Houston Hall Whitfield Troup Spalding Floyd Carroll Douglas Cherokee Baldwin Roc kdale Tift Liberty Sumter Thomas Ware Newton Walker Crisp Henry Bulloch Colquitt Columbia Coweta Forsyth Gordon Laurens Coffee Bartow Fayette Walton Barrow Jackson Decatur Polk Catoosa Upson Paulding Stephens Ben Hill

Burke Camden Wayne Haralson Chattooga Mitchell Washington Monroe Peach Emanuel Elbert Worth Murray Harris Early Cook Grady Meriwether Appling Effingham Bryan Lamar Butts Toombs Jeff Davis Irwin Jenkins Putnam Terrell Berrien Screven Macon Jefferson Rabun McIntosh Franklin Wilkes Turner Pulaski Lanier Madison Fannin Morgan Seminole McDuffie Dade Dawson Lumpkin Bacon Gilmer Lincoln Brooks Dodge

Source: Office of Planning and Budget, Population Estimates, (3eorgia C r ~ m eInformatic)n Center

White Candler Oglethorpe Heard Banks Tattnall Crawford Brantley Wilkinson Taylor Pierce Bleckley Telfair Randolph Stewart Jones Calhoun Clinch Pike Miller Hart Jasper Habersham Hancock Lee Greene Oconee Treutlen Schley Atkinson Wilcox Chattahoochee Taliaferro Dooly Wheeler Clay Evans Montgomery Johnson Talbot Towns Baker Pickens Echols Union Warren Charlton
Long Webster Marion Quitman Glascock Twiggs

Table 40
RANKINGS OF COUNTIES BY PART I CRIME RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1985

County

Part I Crime Rate Per 100,000 Persons

County

Part I Crime Rate Per 100,000 Persons

County

Part I Crime Rate Per 100,000 Persons

Fulton Glynn Chatham Clarke Dekalb Crisp Dougherty Muscogee Lowndes Bibb Troup Spalding Richmond Sumter Cobb Gwinnett Baldwin Tift Clayton Whitfield Houston Camden Ware Hall Newton Thomas Carroll Ben Hill Bulloch Rockdale Lanier Coffee Colquitt Forsyth Liberty Floyd Barrow Dawson Gordon Cherokee Monroe Douglas Stephens Henry Haralson Burke Irwin Early Jackson Decatur Coweta Cook Washington

Bryan Wayne Laurens Upson McIntosh Walker Jenkins Chattooga Lamar Elbert Mitchell Columbia Walton Peach Jeff Davis Worth Harris Paulding Taliaferro Bartow Pulaski Polk Emanuel Appling Butts Turner Putnam Fayette Lincoln Rabun Seminole Wilkes Terrell Catoosa Murray Grady Heard Effingham Stewart Meriwether Candler Bacon Calhoun Schley Berrien Morgan Screven Macon Lumpkin Gilmer Dade Oglethorpe Taylor

Franklin Craw ford Fannin Banks Clinch Toombs White Brantley Jefferson Miller Madison Wilkinson Randolph Clay Treutlen Bleckley McDuffie Telfair Brooks Jasper Pike Pierce Atkinson Dodge Wheeler Hancock Tattnall Wilcox Greene Jones Lee Oconee Dooly Hart Evans Montgomery Habersham Echols Towns Talbot Chattahoochee Baker Johnson Webster Warren Quitman
Long Union Pickens Charlton Marion Glascock Twiggs

County
Appling 1984 1985
Atkinson 1984 1985
Bacon 1984 1985
Baker 1984 1985
Baldwin 1984 1985
Banks 1984 1985
Barrow 1984 1985

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

Ben Hill 1984 1985
Berrien 1984 1985
Bibb 1984 1985
Bleckley 1984 1985
Brantley 1984 1985
Brooks 1984 1985
Bryan 1984 1985
Bulloch 1984 1985

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

County

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

Burke

1984

612

1985

605

Butts

1984

268

1985

317

Calhoun

1984

59

1985

87

Camden

1984

5 12

1985

601

Candler

1984

11

1985

130

Carroll 1984 1985

2,324 2,323

Catoosa

1984

355

1985

715

Charlton

1984

100

1985

4

Chatham 1984 1985

18,635 16,449

Chattahoochee

1984

23

1985

44

Chattooga

1984

392

1985

55 1

Cherokee 1984 1985

1,400 2,017

Clarke 1984 198.5

4,483 5,468

Clay

1984

26

1935

35

Clayton 1984 1985

7,677 7,842

Clinch

1984

30

1985

87

County
Cobb 1984 1985
Coffee 1984 1985
Colquitt 1984 1985
Columbia 1984 1985
Cook 1984 1985

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

Craw ford 1984 1985
Crisp 1984 1985
Dade 1984 1985
Dawson 1984 1985
Decatur 1984 1985

Dodge 1984 1985
Dooly 1984 1985
Dougherty 1984 1985
Douglas 1984 1985

County
Early 1984 1985
Echols 1984 1985
Effingham 1984 1985
Elbert 1984 1985
Emanuel 1984 1985
Evans 1984 1985
Fannin 1984 1985
Fayette 1984 1985
Floyd 1984 1985
Forsyth 1984 1985
Franklin 1984 1985
Fulton 1984 1985
Gilmer 1984 1985
Glascock 1984 1985
Glynn 1984 1985
Gordon 1984 1985

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

County
Grady 1984 1985
Greene 1984 1985
Gwinnett 1984 1985
Habersham 1984 1985
Hall 1984 1985
Hancock 1984 1985
Haralson 1984 1985
Harris 1984 1985
Hart 1984 1985
Heard 1984 1985
Henry 1984 1985
Houston 1984 1985
Irwin 1984 1985
Jackson 1984 1985
Jasper 1984 1985
Jeff Davis 1984 1985

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

County
Jefferson 1984 1985
Jenkins 1984 1985
Johnson 1984 1985
Jones 1984 1985
Lamar 1984 1985
Lanier 1984 1985
Laurens 1984 1985
Lee 1984 1985
Liberty 1984 1985
Lincoln 1984 1985
Long 1984 1985
Lowndes 1984 1985
Lumpkin 1984 1985
Macon 1984 1985
Madison 1984 1985
Marion 1984 1985

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

County

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

McDuffie 1984 1985
McIntosh 1984 1985
Meriwether 1984 1985
Miller 1984 1985
Mitchell 1984 1985
Monroe 1984 1985
Montgomery 1984 1985
Morgan 1984 1985
Murray 1984 1985
Muscogee 1984 1985
Newton 1984 1985
Oconee 1984 1985
Oglethorpe 1984 1985
Paulding 1984 1985
Peach 1984 1985
Pickens 1984 1985

County
Pierce 1984 1985
Pike 1984 1985
Polk 1984 1985
Pulaski 1984 1985
Putnam 1984 1985
Quitman 1984 1985
Rabun 1984 1985
Randolph 1984 1985
Richmond 1984 1985
Rockdale 1984 1985
Schley 1984 1985
Screven 1984 1985
Seminole 1984 1985
Spalding 1984 1985
Stephens 1984 1985
Stewart 1984 1985

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

County
Sumter 1984 1985
Talbot 1984 1985
Taliaferro 1984 1985
Tattnall 1984 1985
Taylor 1984 1985
Telfair 1984 1985
Terrell 1984 1985
Thomas 1984 1985
Tift 1984 1985
Toombs 1984 1985
Towns 1984 1985
Treutlen 1984 1985
Troup 1984 1985
Turner 1984 1985
Tw iggs 1984 1985
Union 1984 1985

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

Table 41A
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I CRIMES, 1984-1985 - Continued

County

Motor

Part I Violent Property

Forcible

Aggravated

Vehicle

Crimes Crimes Crimes Murders Rapes Robberies Assault Burglaries Larcenies Thefts Arson

Upson 1984 1985
Walker 1984 1985
Walton 1984 1985
Ware 1984 1985
Warren 1984 1985
Washington 1984 1985
Wayne 1984 1985
Webster 1984 1985
Wheeler 1984 1985
White 1984 1985
Whitfield 1984 1985
Wilcox 1984 1985
Wilkes 1984 1985
Wilkinson 1984 1985
Worth 1984 1985
State Agency 1984 1985

County Appling
1985
Atkinson 1985
Bacon 1985
Baker 1985
Baldwin 1985
Banks 1985
Barrow 1985
Bartow 1985
Ben Hill 1985
Berrien 1985
Bibb 1985
Bleckley 1985
Brantley 1985
Brooks 1985
Bryan 1985
Bulloch 1985
Burke 1985
Butts 1985
Calhoun 1985
Camden 1985
Candler 1985
Carroll 1985
Catoosa 1985

Table 41B
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1985

Other Narcotic

Part II Other Forgery1

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Drug

Crimes Assaults Counterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Law

170

9

7

2

5

4

95

0

0

1 14

86

11

4

27

0

1

9

0

0

2

7

99

16

17

1

4

0

45

0

0

1

1

7

0

3

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

1

2,040

256

71

787

36

12

42 1

0

0

18 66

13

4

I

0

0

0

4

0

0

2

1

County
Appling 1985
Atkinson 1985
Bacon 1985
Baker 1985
Baldwin 1985
Banks 1985
Barrow 1985
Bartow 1985
Ben Hill 1985
Berrien 1985
Bibb 1985
Bleckley 1985
Brantley 1985
Brooks 1985
Bryan 1985
Bulloch 1985
Burke 1985
Butts 1985
Calhoun 1985
Camden 1985
Candler 1985
Carroll 1985
Catoosa 1985

Table 41B
PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Family

Liquor

Publc

Other Curfew/

Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkeness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

Table 41B
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

County

Other Narcotic

Part I1 Other Forgery1

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Drug

Crimes Assaults Counterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Laws

Charlton 1985
Chatham 1985
Chattahoochee 1985
Chattooga 1985
Cherokee 1985
Clarke 1985
Clay 1985
Clayton 1985
Clinch 1985
Cobb 1985
Coffee 1985
Colquitt 1985
Columbia 1985
Cook 1985

Crawford 1985
Crisp 1985
Dade 1985
Dawson 1985
Decatur 1985

Dodge 1985
Dooly 1985

Table 41B
PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

County

Family Gambling Offense DUI

Charlton 1985

Chatham 1985
Chattahoochee 1985
Chattooga 1985
Cherokee 1985
Clarke 1985
Clay 1985
Clayton 1985
Clinch 1985
Cobb 1985
Coffee 1985
Colquitt 1985
Columbia 1985
Cook 1985
Coweta 1985
Craw ford 1985
Crisp 1985
Dade 1985
Dawson 1985
Decatur 1985
DeKalb 1985
Dodge 1985
Dooly 1985

Liquor Laws

Drunkeness

Public Disturbance Vagrancy

Other Offense

Curfew1 Loitering

Runaway

County
Dougherty 1985
Douglas 1985
Early 1985
Echols 1985
Effingham 1985

Table 41B
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Other Narcotic

Part 11 Other Forgery1

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Drug

Crimes Assaults Counterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Laws

4,309

894

229

146

21

8

1,130

0

5

151 340

2,573

347

139

436

19

4

5 15

0

I)

42 203

317

55

35

4

0

0

47

0

0

15

9

3

0

0

2

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

200

48

6

7

1

0

70

0

0

8

11

Emanuel

1985

414

60

39

36

6

9

9 1

0

0

4

46

Evans 1985

18

2

0

4

0

0

3

0

0

0

1

Fannin 1985

43

3

3

0

1

0

26

0

0

5

2

Fayette

1985

1,340

117

25

232

14

5

45 1

0

0

13

99

Floyd

1985

1,527

98

82

6 1

11

12

684

0

0

29 143

Franklin 1985

119

11

11

1

1

1

46

0

0

7

3

Fulton 1985

Gilmer 1985

Glascock 1985

Glynn 1985

Gordon 1985

Grady 1985

Greene 1985
Gwinnett 1985

Habersham 1985

Hall 1985

County
Dougherty 1985
Douglas 1985
Early 1985
Echols 1985
Effingham 1985
Elbert 1985
Emanuel 1985
Evans 1985
Fannin 1985
Fayette 1985
Floyd 1985
Forsyth 1985
Franklin 1985
Fulton 1985
Gilmer 1985
Glascock 1985
Glynn 1985
Gordon 1985
Grady 1985
Greene 1985
Gwinnett 1985
Habersham 1985
Hall 1985

Table 41B
PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew/

Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkeness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

County
Hancock 1985
Haralson 1985
Harris 1985
Hart 1985
Heard 1985
Henry 1985
Houston 1985
Irwin 1985
Jackson 1985
Jasper 1985
Jeff Davis 1985
Jefferson 1985
Jenkins 1985
Johnson 1985
Jones 1985
Lamar 1985
Lanier 1985
Laurens 1985
Lee 1985
Liberty 1985
Lincoln 1985

Table 41B
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Other Narcotic

Pdrt I1 Other Forgery1

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Drug

Crimes Assaults Counterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Laws

16

0

0

0

1

0

11

0

0

0

1

520

100

12

23

6

2

168

0

0

22 20

198

27

20

18

1

1

65

0

0

2

11

44

12

4

0

1

0

13

0

0

1

0

18

1

1

0

0

0

10

0

0

0

2

909

100

43

32

3

3

356

0

0

29 55

2,559

3 14

148

50

18

10

1,027

0

0

73 88

147

14

10

11

0

0

3 8

0

0

1

9

538

139

19

20

8

1

158

0

0

14 39

9

3

0

1

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

93

14

10

2

0

0

45

0

0

0

10

123

12

3

6

0

3

48

0

0

3

16

173

20

9

14

0

3

44

0

0

2

12

19

4

1

0

0

0

3

0

0

2

9

44

2

0

3

1

0

22

0

0

1

5

297

50

16

28

0

0

72

0

0

11 22

162

27

2

2

0

1

40

0

0

6

9

73 1

159

24

29

11

0

250

0

0

20 21

28

8

0

1

0

0

5

0

0

4

2

2,175

472

4 1

154

45

3

404

0

2

44 142

87

10

1

7

2

1

18

0

0

2

18

County
Hancock 1985
Haralson 1985
Harris 1985
Hart 1985
Heard 1985
Henry 1985
Houston 1985
Irwin 1985
Jackson 1985
Jasper 1985
Jeff Davis 1985
Jefferson 1985
Jenkins 1985
Johnson 1985
Jones 1985
Lamar 1985
Lanier 1985
Laurens 1985
Lee 1985
Liberty 1985
Lincoln 1985

Table 41B
PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew1

Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkeness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

0

10

*

13

0

0

47

*

4

1

0

5

*

3

0

Table 41B
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

County
Lowndes 1985
Lumpkin 1985
McDuffie 1985
McIntosh 1985
Macon 1985
Madison 1985
Marion 1985
Meriwether 1985
Miller 1985
Mitchell 1985
Monroe 1985
Montgomery 1985
Morgan 1985
Murray 1985
Muscogee 1985
Newton 1985
Oconee 1985
Oglethorpe 1985
Paulding 1985
Peach 1985
Pickens 1985
Pierce 1985
Pike 1985

Other Narcotic

Part I1 Other Forgery1

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Drug

Crimes Assaults Counterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Laws

County
Lowndes 1985
Lumpkin 1985
McDuffie 1985
McIntosh 1985
Macon 1985
Madison 1985
Marion 1985
Meriwether 1985
Miller 1985
Mitchell 1985
Monroe 1985
Montgomery 1985
Morgan 1985
Murray 1985
Muscogee 1985
Newton 1985
Oconee 1985
Oglethorpe 1985
Paulding 1985
Peach 1985
Pickens 1985
Pierce 1985
Pike 1985

Table 41B
PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew1

Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkeness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

County
Polk 1985
Pulaski 1985
Putnam 1985
Quitman 1985
Rabun 1985
Randolph 1985
Richmond 1985
Rockdale 1985
Schley 1985
Screven 1985
Seminole 1985
Spalding 1985
Stephens 1985
Stewart 1985
Sumter 1985
Talbot 1985
Taliaferro 1985
Tattnall 1985
Taylor 1985
Telfair 1985
Terrell 1985
Thomas 1985
Tift 1985

Table 41B
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Other Narcotic

Part I1 Other Forgery1

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Drug

Crimes Assaults Counterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Laws

County
Polk 1985
Pulaski 1985
Putnam 1985
Quitman 1985
Rabun 1985
Randolph 1985
Richmond 1985
Rockdale 1985
Schley 1985
Screven 1985
Seminole 1985
Spalding 1985
Stephens 1985
Stewart 1985
Sumter 1985
Talbot 1985
Taliaferro 1985
Tattnall 1985
Taylor 1985
Telfair 1985
Terrell 1985
Thomas 1985
Ti ft 1985

Table 41B
PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew1

Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkeness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

Table 41B
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

County
Toornbs 1985
Towns 1985
Treutlen 1985
Troup 1985
Turner 1985
Twiggs 1985
Union 1985
Upson 1985
Walker 1985
Walton 1985
Ware 1985
Warren 1985
Washington 1985
Wayne 1985
Webster 1985
Wheeler 1985
White 1985
Whitfield 1985
Wilcox 1985
Wil kes 1985
Wilkinson 1985
Worth 1985

Other Narcotic

Part I1 Other Forgery1

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Drug

Crimes Assaults Counterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Laws

County
Toombs 1985
Towns 1985
Treutlen 1985
Troup 1985
Turner 1985
Twiggs 1985
Union 1985
Upson 1985
Walker 1985
Walton 1985
Ware 1985
Warren 1985
Washington 1985
Wayne 1985
Webster 1985
Wheeler 1985
White 1985
Whitfield 1985
Wilcox 1985
Wilkes 1985
Wilkinson 1985
Worth 1985

Table 41B
PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew1

Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkeness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

Table 41B
COUNTY CRIME PROFILES, PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

County

Other Narcotic

Part I1 Other Forgery1

Stolen

Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Drug

Crimes Assaults Counterfeit Fraud Embezzlement Property Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Laws

State Agency

1985

2,416

40

127

48

2 1

39

24

0

3

106 1,668

Total

1985

221,106 31,751

DUI data unavailable as of publish date

8,250

17,963 2,077

1,487

51,799

0

1,812 5,135 18,956

Table 41B
PART I1 CRIMES, 1985 - Continued

County
State Agency 1985

Family

Liquor

Public

Other Curfew1

Gambling Offense DUI Laws Drunkeness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway

10

2 1

*

182

0

Total 1985

344

3.375

*

2,921 4,645

DUI data unavailable as of publish date

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES
Profiles of the current law enforcement employee workforce are based on reports submitted to the Georgia Crime Information Center at the end of 1985. County totals are based upon a compilation of the submitting agencies' employment figures.

COUNTY RANKINGS
For comparative purposes, a law enforcement employee rate (employees per 100,000 persons) was calculated. Fulton County topped the rankings with 424 employees per 100,000 persons, well above the state average of 261. Care should be exercised in making detailed comparisons; still these figures may be useful in making general manpower assessments.
Note: The sworn officer totals provided in Table 42 are not equal to the totals in the Introduction to this section because they are derived from different source documents.

County
Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel

Table 42
FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES, 1985

Sworn Officers Male Female

Civilian Male Female

Total Male Female

Grand Total

Employees Per 100,000 Persons

County
Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln
Long Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffie McIntosh Macon Madison Marion Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee

Table 42
FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES, D85-Continued

Sworn Officers Male Female

Civilian Male Female

Total Male Female

Grand Total

Employees Per 100,000 Persons

Table 42
FULL, TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES, 1985-Continued

County

Sworn Officers Male Female

Civilian Male Female

Total Male Female

Grand Total

Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding

66

3

5

13

1

0

8

0

1

34

9

1

Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun

33

8

5

9

0

4

18

0

0

11

0

3

47

3

7

12

0

2

2 1

2

5

2

0

0

20

1

0

Randolph Richmond

19

0

0

38 1

66

8

Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding

77

10

3

5

1

2

28

4

0

11

2

1

98

11

4

Stephens Stewart Sumter

26

1

6

14

0

3

49

8

1

Talbot Taliaferro

2

0

0

1

0

0

Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth State Agency Total

20 13 22 17 65 60 40 8 7 110 13 9 7 44 69 52 61 2 40 38 2 8 15 9 1 10 16 15 20 1,046 10,733

0 2 3 1 8 6 3 1 0 20 2 0 0 5 4 2 3 0 4 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 2 35 1,163

6 2 1 11 1 0 0 1 4 3 4 0 0 0 8 4 8 1 4 4 4 0 1 19 0 5 1 5 435 1,220

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center; Office of Planning and Budget

15 0 1 7 10 5 2 3 9 5 7 0 1 5 32 16 3 0 6 20 5 2 12 0 0 7 1 1 7 10 11 5 1 4 17 1 3 1 3 22 12 25 4 7 3 1 1 3 25 3 2 7 5 5 82 2,452

Employees Per 100,000 Persons

County
Fulton Camden Monroe Clay Chatham Stewart Baldwin Atkinson Putnam Clarke Muscogee Schley Calhoun Burke Haralson Marion Webster Terrell Troup Miller Washington Evans Dougherty Peach Dawson Lowndes Spalding Cobb Henry Lanier Franklin Richmond Ware Chattooga Jasper Clayton Hall Bulloch Brantley Crisp Greene Treutlen Brooks Randolph Newton Telfair Floyd Cook Carroll Sumter Early Meriwether Taylor

Table 43
RANKING OF COUNTIES BY FULL TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1985

Law Enforcement Employees Per 100,000 Persons

County
Clinch McIntosh Rockdale Tift Morgan Coffee
Long Colquitt Barrow Screven Butts Madison Heard Glynn Hancock Bartow Wilkes Houston Wilkinson Thomas Wayne Gordon Ben Hill Pulaski Bacon Seminole Irwin Turner Walton Whitfield Toombs Coweta Rabun Polk Decatur Upson Jefferson Gilmer Douglas Mitchell Bleckley Elbert Liberty Fayette Grady Lamar Bryan Towns Emanuel Baker Walker Berrien White

Law Enforcement Employees Per 100,000 Person

County
Charlton Stephens Jackson Jeff Davis Tattnall Pike Dooly Paulding Crawford Johnson Wheeler Hart Gwinnett Worth Wilcox Columbia Appling Macon Lincoln Pierce Dade Fannin Dodge Harris Jones Forsyth Catoosa Pickens Habersham Jenkins Cherokee Laurens Montgomery Lumpkin Twiggs Lee Banks Effingham Oglethorpe Warren Candler Bibb Oconee Quitman Echols Upson McDuffie Dekalb Murray Taliaferro Glascock Chattahoochee Talbot

Law Enforcement Employees Per 100,000 Persons

Source: Office of Planning and Budget Population Estimates; Georgia Crime Information Center

IN MEMORIAM
The Georgia Bureau of Investigation joins the criminal justice community of the state of Georgia in extending sincere sympathy to the families of the following law enforcement officers who gave their
lives while protecting and serving the citizens of their communities during 1985.
GEORGE EDWARD GOARE, SHERIFF Webster County S h e r i m Ofice
Slain with a .357 magnum pistol while accompanying a prisoner to recover a murder weapon.
PHILLIP BRUCE MATHIS, PATROLMAN Atlanta Police Department
Slain by an unknown handgun while off duty.
WALTER N. (NICKIE) COLEMAN, DEPUTY SHERIFF Camden County SherifSS Ofice
Struck and killed by a moving vehicle while issuing a traffic citation.
JOHN T. (SONNY) KING 111, SPECIAL AGENT IN CHARGE Georgia Bureau of Investigation
Slain by a .45 semi-automatic pistol while attempting to serve a warrant.

OFFICERS KILLED AND ASSAULTED
Statistics compiled in Table 44 are taken from reports to the Georgia Crime Information Center by law enforcement agencies.
The most serious assaults committed against officers resulted in 13 deaths over the period 1981- 1985. The five year trend indicates a decline in the first three years; yet 1984 shows an increase over 1982-1983. 1985 data reflect a small decrease in the number of officers killed.
Yearly changes in the total number of officers assaulted show an increase from 1981 through 1982. This increase is more evident when types of activities are examined. Traffic pursuits and other stops, handling, transporting and custody of prisoners, and responding to disturbance calls are the only

types of activity that show a decrease. Assaults upon police officers decreased slightly from 1,101 in 1984 to 1,093 in 1985.
Another area of interest is the type of weapon used during assaults. In contrast to the weapon types most frequently used in the commission of aggravated assaults (cutting tools, firearms, other weapons; Figure 6B), officers are most frequently assaulted by hands, fists or feet.
The number of personal injuries sustained by law enforcement personnel during assaults over the five year period between 1981-1985 has decreased. Most of the injuries were sustained between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.

Table 44
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED AND ASSAULTED, 1981-1985

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

Total number of officers killed

3

0

1

5

4

Officers assaulted

Type of activity Attempting other arrests Responding to disturbance calls Traffic pursuits and other stops Handling, transporting and custody All others
Yearly total
Type of weapon Firearm Knife or cutting instrument Other dangerous weapons Hands, fist or feet
Yearly total
Injury Officers with personal injuries Officers without personal injuries
Yearly total

Type of assignment Alone Assisted

Yearly total

Time of assaults Daytime (6:OO a.m76:00 p.m.) Nighttime (6:OO p.m,6:00 a.m.) Yearly total
Total number cleared

Source: Georgia Crime Information Center

Figure 23A
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED - 1981 1985

YEAR o OFFICERS M U D

Figure 23B

LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ASSAULTED

1.29
1.28 -

1981 - 1985

1.27 -
- 1.26

1.25 -

1.24 -

san

1.23 1
1.22 -

1.21 -

1.2 -

8 9S a

S

1
0

1.19 1.18 -

gcLUA 1.171.16 -

5 Z

1.15-
1.14 -

1.13 -

1.12 -

1-11 -

1.1 -

1.09 -

CI

1.08

I

I

1

YEAR CI OF'FICERS ASSAULTED

PROFILE OF TRAFFIC FATALITIES
Data on traffic fatalities are available from the Georgia Department of Public Safety Accident Reporting data base. Traffic deaths were at their highest in 1974 with 1,545 traffic fatalities and then dropped to the lowest point in 1982 with 1,229. 1985 had the lowest death rate per 100 million miles traveled (2.9) since 1974.
While the 55 mph speed limit and lower number of miles traveled served to reduce traffic deaths in earlier years, the increased publicity concerning driving under the influence of alcohol and higher profile of law enforcement on Georgia roads has reduced traffic deaths in 1985. Other factors helping to make the roads and highways of Georgia safer are increased use of seat belts, safer automobiles, and the law requiring children under the age of five to be in safety seats

while in a moving vehicle.
The effects of alcohol use while driving have received much media attention in the past year. Tables 48,49,50 and 51 provide data on fatal accidents and fatalities caused by DUI (blood alcohol content of .10 or greater) and fatal accidents and fatalities where alcohol was a factor (blood alcohol content of .O1 to .09).
Additional data are provided for fatalities by month, location and type (Table 52) and holiday traffic deaths in 1984 and 1985. Holiday traffic deaths normally account for a large proportion of deaths on our highways. 1985 data indicate decreases on major holidays except the Fourth of July holiday which fell on a weekend in 1985.

Figure 24
TRAFFIC DEATHS, 1974 - 1985

YEAR TRAFFIC DEnTHS

Figure 25

ANNUAL MILES TRAVELED

- IN BILLIONS, 1974 1985

50

I

YEAR

Figure 26
DEATH RATE PER 100 MILLION
- lYLLgS TRAVELED. 1974 1985
4.5

Table 45
FATAL ACCIDENTS* INVOLVING DUI, 1981 - 1985

Total Fatal Accidents DUI Related Fatal Accidents

1,256 422

1,097 402

1,157 399

70 of Fatal Accidents - DUI Related

33.6%

36.6%

34.5%

*Accidents invnlving driver, passengers, pedestrrans, pedalcylist with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .lO or above. Source: Department of Publlc Safety

1,260 452 35.9%

1,224 369 30.1 %

Table 46
FATALITIES* INVOLVING DUI, 1981 - 1985

Total Fatalities DUI Related Fatalities % of Fatalities - DUI Related
*The actual number o l persons killed In accidents involving the driver, passengers, pedestr~ans,pedalcylist with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .10 or above. Source: Department of Publlc Safety
Table 47
ALCOHOL RELATED* FATAL ACCIDENTS, 1981 - 1985

Total Fatal Accidents

1,256

1,097

1,157

**

Alcohol Related Fatal Accidents

120

118

123

**

% of Fatal Accidents - Alcohol Related

9.6%

10.8%

10.6%

* *

*Accidents involving driver, passengers, pedestrians, pedalcylist with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .01-.09. **I984 data unavailable. Source: Department of Public Safety

Table 48
ALCOHOL RELATED* FATALITIES, 1981 - 1985

Total Fatalities

Alcohol Related Fatalities % of Fatalities - Alcohol Related

10.0%

11.1%

*Accidents involving drlver, passengers, pedestrlans, pedalcylist with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .01-.09 **I984 data unavailable. ***Data Unavailable Source: Department of Publ~cSafety

10.8%

Month
January February March April May June July August September October November December

Rural

Table 49

TRAFFIC FATALITIES BY MONTH, LOCATION, & TYPE

1984 - 1985

Urban

Total

Pedestrian Motorcycle Other Vehicles

- 1984 - 1985 - 1984 - 1985 - 1984 - 1985

- 1984 - 1985 - 1984 - 1985

- 1984 - 1985

Total

1,113 1,044 297

Source: Department of Public Safety

318 1,410 1,362

194 199

80

80

1,136 1,083

Total

Holiday

Table 50
HOLIDAY TRAFFIC TOLL, 1984 - 1985

Accidents

Injuries

Fatalities

Memorial Day Fourth of July Labor Day Thanksgiving Christmas New Years
Total

1,507 438
1,174 1,672 1,811 1,438
8,040

1984 - One fatality every 5.0 holiday hours 1985 - One fatality every 5.3 holiday hours Source: Department of Public Safety

1,250 2,405 1,522 2,731
376 893
9,177

570 172 480 573 629 540
2,964

479 798 513 892 129 30 1
3,112

18

14

2

24

18

12

17

15

29

9

14

6

98

80

Hours

78

78

30

102

78

78

102

102

102

30

102

30

492

420

GEORGIA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
The Georgia Bureau of Investigation was created in 1937. The initial charter authorized the establishment of a State Bureau of Identification to maintain fingerprint and criminal history information and the employment of individuals trained as criminal investigators to assist local law enforcement officers throughout the State. Today the GBI provides a wide variety of law enforcement services statewide, with sufficient flexibility to adapt to changing crime patterns and needs of the law enforcement community in this State and neighboring states.
The GBI has four operating divisions:
INVESTIGATIVE DIVISON
This Division is charged with conducting investigations upon request of Superior Court Judges, District Attorneys, Chiefs of Police, Sheriffs, or at the direction of the Governor into violations of State laws. The Division is heavily involved in the investigation of drug traffic and organized crime, as well its work with local law enforcement agencies in the investigation of traditional crimes, such as robbery, burglary, homicide, etc. The Division is headed by a GBI Deputy Director and is divided into three main sections; Special Operations, consisting of special squads based in Atlanta, Field Operations, consisting of 13 regional offices, and the statewide Drug Enforcement Unit.
GEORGIA CRIME INFORMATION CENTER
The Georgia Crime Information Center maintains the computerized repository of criminal history information, and operates the statewide communications network used by criminal justice agencies throughout the state and is the interface with the National Crime Information Center. Reports of all criminal investigationsand reported crimes are forwarded to the Georgia Crime Information Center. GCIC computers enable law enforcement agencies to check for criminal reports on suspects, check for stolen items, such as guns, equipment, motor vehicles, etc., and to transmit lookouts and other important messages from agency to agency or to all agencies quickly.
GCIC assists both state and local law enforcement agencies in ongoing criminal investigations by developing suspect lists through access to computerized criminal justice data.
GCIC will soon have an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). AFIS technology will permit experts to search single latent fingerprints found at crime scenes against the master fingerprint file which contains all fingerprint and criminal history information for known criminal offenders in Georgia.
DIVISION OF FORENSIC SCIENCES
The Division of Forensic Sciences furnishes forensic support for all law enforcement agencies, including drug identification, firearm identification, criminalistics, toxicology, etc. The Division has branch laboratories in Augusta, Macon, Columbus, Savannah, and Moultrie. The Division Director is also the Chief Medical Examiner for the State. Reports of post-mortem examinations of persons who die outside a physician's care are processed through the Division of Forensic Sciences.
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
The Administrative Division furnishes financial, logistic and personnel support services for the entire Bureau.

Table 51
GEORGIA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION PRODUCTIVITY DATA - 1985

INVESTIGATIVE DIVISION

Criminal Investigations Assistance Rendered Cases Total Cases Polygraph Examinations
Conducted

5,718 3,440 9,158
2,942

Felony Arrests Value of Stolen
Property Recovered

4,376 $25,98 1,365

GEORGIA CRIME INFORMATION CENTER

Audits Completed Fingerprint Cards Processed Fingerprints Identified Individuals Added to Master File

136 304,820 115,370 78,241

Criminal History Records

Disseminated

1 19,608

Computerized Investigative Support:

Cases Completed

128

Reports Generated

530

Statistical Assistance Projects:

Projects Completed

189

Reports Generated

57 1

Training Hours Presented

654

Personnel Trained

3,407

Technical Assistance Projects

6,021

UCR Reports Processed

754,588

CJIS Network Messages

Processed

39,363,566

DIVISION OF FORENSIC SCIENCES
Number of Cases:
Atlanta Savannah Columbus Augusta Moultrie Macon
Total
Court Appearances
Crime Scene Processed
Types of Cases:
Pathology Handwriting Criminalistics Serology Drug ID Toxicology Latent Prints Implied Consent Non-Lab

Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation

I1 COURTS

INTRODUCTION
The judicial powers of the State of Georgia are vested exclusively in seven classes of courts: magistrate, probate, juvenile, state, superior, the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. The magistrate, probate, juvenile and state courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. Additionally, the Constitution provides that the General Assembly may establish or authorize the establishmentof municipal courts which have jurisdiction over ordinance violations and other jurisdiction as may be provided by law. All the courts of the state comprise a unified judicial system.
Superior Courts
The superior court is Georgia's court of general jurisdiction, having exclusive jurisdiction over felony cases and cases involving divorce, equity and questions of land title. With the exception of certain probate and juvenile matters, the superior courts exercise concurrentjurisdiction in other cases with the limited jurisdiction courts located in the same county or circuit. Each of the state's 159 counties has a superior court, such courts being organized by single or multiple county judicial circuits. As of June 30, 1985, there were 124 superior court judges serving in 45 circuits divided into ten Administrative Districts, with an Administrative Judge and Court Administrator for each. Prosecution of cases before a superior court is conducted by a District Attorney elected on a circuitwide basis.
State Courts
State courts exercisejurisdiction over trials of misdemeanor criminal cases and have general civil jurisdiction over the trial of all general civil actions, regardless of the amount claimed, unless exclusive jurisdiction is vested in the superior courts. The state courts' jurisdiction also includes hearing applications for and issuing search and arrest warrants, holding courts of inquiry and punishing contempts by fine andlor imprisonment. At the end of Fiscal Year 1985,63 state courts operated in 64 counties (Cherokee and Forsyth counties are served by one court). Of the 79 judges presiding, 31 were full time state court judges and 48 served part time. Prosecution of cases before a state court is conducted by a Solicitor elected on a county-wide basis.
Probate Courts
The probate courts exercisejurisdiction in the probate of wills, the administration of estates, appointment of guardians and the involuntary hospitalization of incapacitated adults and other dependent individuals. Other duties for which the probate judges may be responsible, depending on the particular county, include holding habeas corpus hearings, acting as a court of inquiry, hearing traffic cases and trying violations of state game and fish laws. There are 159 probate judges, each serving a single county.

Juvenile Courts
Juvenile courts have exclusive original jurisdiction in cases involving delinquent children alleged to have committed noncapital offenses, unruly children under the age of 17, deprived children under the age of 18, and juvenile traffic offenders under the age of 16. With the exception of the juvenile court judge in Floyd County, who is an elected official, juvenile court judges are generally appointed for six year terms by their counties' superior court judges. At the end of Fiscal Year 1985, there were 10 full-timejuvenile court judges and 41 parttime judges serving the state's 59 counties having separate juvenile courts. Where no separate juvenile court has been established, a judge of the superior court serves as judge of the juvenile court.
Magistrate Courts
The 1983 Constitution of the State of Georgia established magistrate courts to replace justice of the peace courts and small claims courts. A magistrate court exists in each county of the state and serves as a court of limited jurisdiction. They serve as courts of inquiry, may issue arrest and search warrants, try violations of county ordinances, punish for contempt, and grant bail in all cases where the granting of bail is not exclusively committed to some other court or officer.
Court of Appeals
The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction in all cases where exclusive jurisdiction does not rest with the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals is composed of nine judges and is divided into three panels of three judges each. The Court of Appeals is authorized to correct errors in cases on appeal except where the Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction. Examples of cases appealable to the Court of Appeals include claims for damages, criminal cases other than capital felonies, and compensation and insurance claims. Caseload data are collected by the Court on an annual basis and include numbers of cases docketed; however, the numbers do not provide data on specific criminal appeals.
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Georgia has seven justices, who elect one of their number to be the Chief Justice. The Supreme Court is the final court of review in the State and has exclusive appellate jurisdiction in constitutional questions and contests. It has appellate jurisdiction in all habeas corpus cases, and all cases in which a sentence of death was imposed or could be imposed. It also has jurisdiction over a variety of civil matters.
Courts Data
The Administrative Office of the Courts, the arm of the Supreme Court and the Judicial Council of Georgia, collects,

processes and maintains caseload information on the principal courts of the state. The data are critical in making decisions concerning the creation of judgeships and the boundaries of existing judicial circuits. Caseload data are collected by the Administrative Office of the Courts for the superior, state, probate and juvenile courts. Prosecutorial data are not

available for the principal courts. Caseload data are not yet available for the magistrate courts. The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals collect their own caseload data. With few exceptions, data collected and compiled for the courts reflect only workload factors and do not readily allow qualitative analysis of the functions of the courts.

Figure 27
Georgia Judicial Administrative Districts
JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF GEORGIA
JCuIRdCUiITcBiOaUNlDDARYistr- icts
COUNT7 BOUWOIIV rnll..

Figure 28

Superior Courts
FY'8 1
5-year trend: total filings/dispo?'"---

FY'82

FY'83

FY'84

FY'85

criminal filings/ dispositions

Filings

-

Dispositions

Circuit
Alapaha Alcovy Appalachian
Atlanta Atlantic Augusta
Blue Ridge Bmnswick Chattahoochee
Cherokee Clayton Cobb
Conasauga Cordele Coweta
Dougherty Douglas Dublin
Eastern Flint Griffin
Gwinnett Houston Lookout Mountain
Macon Middle Mountain
Northeastern Northern Ocmulgee
Oconee Ogeechee Pataula
Piedmont Roc kdale Rome
Southern South Georgia Southwestern
Stone Mountain Tallapoosa Tifton
Toombs Waycross Western
TOTAL AVERAGE PER JUDGE*

Table 52

FY 1985 SUPERIOR COURT CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES)

Total Criminal

Felony

Misdemeanor

Filed Disposed

Filed Disposed

Filed Disposed

Traffic Filed Disposed

1,377

1,400

1,145

1,148

190

208

42

44

597

615

585

607

12

8

0

0

635

578

342

33 1

202

169

91

78

2,153

1,802

763

537

1,018

893

372

372

949

1,120

415

498

513

602

21

20

2,515

2,386

1,331

1,240

1,167

1,131

17

15

793

784

397

414

396

369

0

1

502

627

430

538

7 1

87

1

2

1,371

1,331

506

475

645

673

220

183

1,157

1,068

307

269

337

322

513

477

542

561

24 1

239

208

2 19

93

103

1,711

1,648

534

462

1,059

1.073

118

113

1,264

1,197

936

932

328

265

0

0

962

714

852

616

109

97

1

1

709

689

455

429

226

236

28

24

1,896 685 559
59,769 482

1,856 853 474
59,337 479

273 498 500
36,182 292

256 524 437
35,997 290

867 174 49
17,603 142

852 319
28
17,388 140

756 13 10
5,984 48

-
748 10 9
5.952 48

*Based on 124 superior court judges

Circuit
Alapaha Alcovy Appalachian
Atlanta Atlantic Augusta
Blue Ridge Brunswick Chattahoochee
Cherokee Clayton Cobb
Conasauga Cordele Coweta
Dougherty Douglas Dublin
Eastern Flint Griffin
Gwinnett Houston Lookout Mountain
Macon Middle Mountain
Northeastern Northern Ocmulgee
Oconee Ogeechee Pataula
Piedmont Rockdale Rome
Southern South Georgia Southwestern
Stone Mountain Tallapoosa Tifton

Table 52 FY 1985 SUPERIOR COURT CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES)

Total Civil

General Civil Domestic Relations Independent Motions

Filed Disposed Filed Disposed Filed Disposed

Filed Disposed

1,321

1,366

406

455

627

608

2,306

2,946

694

865

981 1,341

635

732

153

209

312

312

288

303

63 1

740

170

211

11,149 2,731 6,955

10.925 2,381 5,147

3,651 673
1,077

3,013 732 760

5,601 1,544 4,304

5,656 1,164 3,083

1,897 514
1,574

2,256 485
1,304

1,832 3,943 5,027

1,946 2,935 3,373

284 1,064
912

307 1,145 803 1,952 774 3,517

1,209 1,478 2,142

403

430

927

654

598

457

Total Caseload Total Open

Filed Disposed Caseload

3,899 3,631 1,523

3,770 4,299 1,742

1,708 2,329 1,249

16,726 3,623 8,264

16,750 3,235 6,481

10,357 2,155 8,459

2,346 5,281 7,004

2,555 4,229 5,411

1,388 4,988 6,862

3,493 2,249 2,791
4,965 1,635 3,377

2,857 1,965 2,273
5,662 1,503 3,577

1,131 953 895
782 226 723

768 795 641
1,579 239 848

1,662 868
1,251
2,686 1,067 1,831

1,645 778
1,151
2,461 1,006 2,037

700 428 645
1,497 342 823

444 392 48 1
1,622 258 692

5,171 3,149 4,255
5,761 2,077 5,464

5,007 2,893 3,735
6,465 2,008 5,286

3,729 2,580 3,117
2,523 1,836 3,564

2,747 1,781 3,439

2,268 2,014 2,990

633 516 1,302

521 610 1.332

1,211 813
1,305

1,018 92 1
1,l 16

903

729

4,900

4,070

2,527

452

483

2,730

3,134

2,219

832

542

5,954

5,376

5,429

1,699 1,299 2,800
3,590 2,091 2,020

1,543 1,408 3,069
3,358 1,666 1,903

494 436 734
1,266 685 792

53 1 446 983
1.187 626 804

730 500 1,210
1,682 1,134
924

732 535 1,331
1,647 877 859

475

280

2,856

2,611

2,357

363

427

1,841

1,969

1,874

856

755

4,511

4,717

3,676

642

524

4,854

4,555

3,593

272

163

3,053

2,380

2,164

304

240

2,729

2.592

1.641

Toombs Waycross Western
TOTAL AVERAGE PER JUDGE*

985 2,712 1,907
136,138 1,098

*Based on 124 superior court judges

870 2,238 1,801
129,487 1,044

298 850 640
36,683 296

266 685 598
35,414 286

41 1 1,441
900
70,673 570

36 1 1,217
897
67,722 546

276 42 1 367
28,782 232

243 336 306
26,351 213

2,881 3,397 2.466
195,907 1,580

2,726 3,09 1 2.275
188,824 1,523

1,576 3,026 1.562
141,735 1,143

600,000

Figure 29
STATE COURTS 5 YEAR TREND
Total Filings and Dispositions

Fiscal Years
*Disposition data unavailable for FY 1983 **Civil disposition data unavailable for Fulton County
t Some data estimated for Fulton and DeKalb Counties

County
Appling Baldwin Bibb
Bryan Bulloch Burke
Candler Carroll Chatham
Chattooga Cherokee Clarke
Clay ton Clinch Cobb
Coffee Colquitt Coweta
Decatur DeKalb Dougherty
Early Effingham Elbert
Emanuel Evans Forsy th
Fulton Gly nn Grady
Gwinnett Habersham Hall
Houston Jackson Jeff Davis
Jefferson Jenkins Johnson**
Liberty Long Lowndes
Macon Miller Mitchell

Table 53 FY 1985 STATE COURT CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES)

Misdemeanor Filed Disposed

Traffic Filed Disposed

General Civil

Independent Motions

Filed Disposed

Filed Disposed

435

258

1,083

1,082

43

20

16

4

1,555

1,555

1,743

1,743

0

0

0

0

3,618

3,546

3,354

3,312

630

500

105

66

76

47

135

58

65

59

25

5

1,854

1,507

5,012

13,870

70

49

3 8

12

386

386

2,610

2,610

67

60

66

50

129 1,586 1,833

122 2,037 1,433

2,158 5,223 2,186

1,812 5,157
914

16 465 3,127

11 273 2,862

8 127 1,721

5 5 1 1,704

453

49 1

2,149

2,124

8

12

9

4

1,636

1,457

6,901

6,635

702

618

160

148

345

282

1,485

1,382

235

160

103

62

4,960 237
5,798

3,183 235
4,638

17,975 665
39,527

20,226 663
37,336

3,270 4
7,414

3,074 17
5,486

2,508 18
11,068

2,747 32
10,308

Total Caseload Filed Disposed

1,577 3,298 7,707

1,364 3,298 7,424

30 1 6,974 3,129

169 15,438 3,106

2,311 7,401 8,867

1,950 7,518 6,913

2,619 9,399 2,168

2,631 8,858 1,886

28,713 924
63,807

29,230 947
57,768

2,599 767
3,280
3,496 458 175

2,969 783
3,337
2,383 394 136

1,579 1,278 8,538
6,497 6,939
337

1,138 1,416 8,219
4,873 6,762
98

2,802 64 423
1,124 17 17

3,624 86 376
1,159 18 8

1,125 33 180
446 22 1

1,510 68 153
453 16 0

8,105 2,142 12,421
1 1,563 7,436
530

9,241 2,353 12,085
8,868 7,190
242

County
Muscogee Pierce Putnam
Richmond Screven Spalding
Stephens Sumter Tattnall
Thomas Tift Toombs
Treutlen Troup Walker
Ware Washington Wayne Worth7

Table 53 FY 1985 STATE COURT CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES)

Misdemeanor Filed Disposed

Traffic Filed Disposed

General Civil

Independent Motions

Filed Disposed

Filed Disposed

Total Caseload Filed Disposed

**Court was abolished in calendar year 1984. tCivil case dockets of state court were destroyed by fire and are presently being reconstructed.

Probate Courts
5-year trend: total criminal filings/dispositions

Figure 30

*D~spositiondata unava~lablefor FY '83.

Filings

Dispositions

a

County
Appling Atkinson Bacon Baldwin Barrow
Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb* Bleckley
Bryan Burke Butts Candler Charlton
Cherokee Clarke* Clay Clayton* Clinch
Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Coweta
Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur
DeKalb* Dodge Dougherty Douglas Early
Echols Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd
Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon
Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Haralson
Henry Houston Irwin* Jackson Jasper

Table 54 FY 1985 PROBATE COURT CIVIL CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES FILED)

Total Civil

Administration

No Admin-

istration

Probate

Necessary Common Solemn

Guardian- Year's ship Support

Hospitalization

Habeas Corpus

Licenses

Marriage

Pistol

115

35

7

1

22

33

12

2

2

9

68

9

2

0

17

429

15

10

13

68

119

13

8

2

54

9

2

39

6

0

1

12

1

24

70

3

249

7

4

31

0

171

156

1

77

56

3

117

51

1

356

332

0

266

195

262

17

8

0

95

78

7

7

2

46

104

16

7

0

42

7 17

66

39

30 364

33

5

2

1

20

28

13

101

5

0

11

5

6

28

89

45

84

4

1

0

0

472

382

0

202

140

0

245

41

0

1,668

754

0

127

145

67

7

68

9

63

12

53

3

54

18

2

0

24

8

5

30

3

0

35

2

1

32

4

0

13

16

3

15

10

6

0

10

3

0

11

0

4

7

3

9

0

115

123

0

162

145

0

130

129

0

64

34

0

2,570

8

219

15

25

5

130

20

9

15

435

34

23

15 169

9 1

10

93

17

3

0

2

10

2

0

0

612

47

32

13 210

183

43

84

23

6

2

0

7

6

2

0

0

554

530

0

,7 80

315

0

12

26

0

2,262

1,323

0

78

32

1,568

147

111

16

209

13

168

30

333

26

75

16 731

19

5

49

25

5

102

15

6

53

14

1 124

333

78

182

19

3

0

22

7

35

43

21

0

28

25

115

6

4,687

2,232

0

366

184

0

375

72

0

350

5 10

0

515

3 10

28

4

108

18

51

10

27

2

106

9

2

1

18

5

3

56

2

1

20

5

0

14

3

4

54

2

1

0

5

9

12

3

0

15

1

2

3

13

2

21

0

74

95

0

195

139

0

1,628

112

0

66

93

0

318

49

2,091

210

195

223 536

79

13

5

2

39

44 1

37

20

19 220

229

15

10

5

94

91

10

2

1

36

347

169

40 1

5

6

9

70

15

60

35

40

30

13

1

28

10

5,505

2,376

0

175

113

0

1,237

630

0

767

487

0

79

109

12

5

0

1

4

28

5

2

1

14

66

9

6

0

26

114

5

4

2

75

558

17

19

20 227

2

0

0

4

2

0

4

6

15

20

8

0

50

12

213

0

48

6

0

79

77

0

129

139

0

389

39 1

0

800

305

3,417

412

34 1

221 1,381

38

4

2

0

19

18

1

3

0

9

400

89

12

20

144

117

23

8

2

60

910

123

29

4

1

8

2

2

1

72

8

55

15

9

0

0

7,008

4,296

0

153

141

0

20

18

0

813

358

0

32 1

133

60

4

1

5

32

5

1

12

770

62

3 1

10 375

182

39

71

121

15

1

1

65

17

4

18

282

30

24

4

178

39

7

0

160

22

1

1

62

9

12

53

0

84

62

0

2,661

1,542

0

230

192

0

878

591

0

268

263

223

19

16

6

90

289

30

22

3

159

30

5

0

1

23

165

9

9

6

76

5 1

9

10

3

23

54

10

28

6 1

14

0

1

0

0

19

8

38

4

2

0

0

415

610

0

1,022

64 1

0

75

105

0

3 19

174

0

6 1

88

County
Atkinson Bacon Baker
Banks Barrow Bartow
Ben Hill Berrien Bleckley
Brantley Brooks Butts
Calhoun Camden Catoosa
Charlton Chattahoochee Clay
Columbia Cook Crawford
Crisp Dade Dawson
Dodge Dooly Douglas
Echols Fannin Fayette
Floyd Franklin Gilmer
Glascock Gordon Greene
Hancock Haralson Harris
Hart Heard Henry
Irwin Jasper Johnson*
Jones Lamar Lanier

FY 1985 PROBATE COURT CRIMINAL CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES)

Misdemeanor

Filed

Disposed

Traffic Filed

Disposed

Total Criminal

Filed

Disposed

236

236

5,055

5,064

5,291

5,300

41

41

4,527

4,527

4,568

4,568

1

1

2,262

1,940

2,263

1,941

92

70

5,577

5,109

5,649

5,179

12

12

2,101

2,097

2,113

2,109

128

134

1,129

1,129

1,257

1,263

67

67

171

171

238

238

0

0

932

897

932

897

39

34

1,875

1,906

1,914

1,940

125

86

5,722

4,483

5,847

4,569

71

73

3,160

3,387

3,231

3,460

77

77

397

397

474

474

27

26

345

345

372

37 1

36

11

2,465

2,224

2,501

2,235

130

116

2,328

2,166

2,458

2,282

124

142

759

905

883

1,047

75

81

728

7 84

803

865

103

105

5,911

6,599

6,014

6,704

County
Laurens Lee Lincoln
Lumpkin Madison Marion
McDuffie McIntosh Meriwether
Monroe Montgomery Morgan
Murray Newton Oconee
Oglethorpe Paulding Peach
Pickens Pike Polk
Bulaski Quitman Rabun
Randolph Rockdale Schley
Seminole Stewart Talbot
Taliaferro Taylor Telfair
Terrell Towns Turner
Twiggs Union Upson
Walton Warren Webster
Wheeler White Whitfield
Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson

FY 1985 PROBATE COURT CRIMINAL CASELOAD (DOCKET ENTRIES)

Misdemeanor

Filed

Disposed

Traffic Filed

Disposed

Total Criminal

Filed

Disposed

0

0

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

0

0

344

344

344

344

1

1

3,897

3,772

3,898

3,773

34

34

993

1,014

1,027

1,048

70

60

452

419

522

479

106

107

3,002

3,144

3,108

3,251

*Probate court began handling misdemeanor and traffic cases in 1985.

Figure 31
JUVENILE COURTS-FILINGS/DISPOSITIONS,1981 - 1985

Juvenile Courts
FY'8 1

FY'82

FY'83

FY'84

FY'85

Table 55
FY 1985 JUVENILE COURT CASELOAD (NUMBER OF CHILDREN)

County

Delinquent Filed Disposed

Unruly Filed Disposed

Traffic Filed Disposed

Deprived

Special Proceedings

Filed Disposed Filed Disposed

Total Filed Disposed

Appling Atkinson Bacon

37

35

5,

14

15

0

12

15

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

Baker Baldwin Banks

2

2

0

1

0

53

53

10

10

0

8

7

0

0

I

Barrow Bartow Ben Hill

67

67

13

6

4

256

273

142

142

21

28

26

3

2

0

Berrien Bibb Bleckley

16

20

5

4

1

750

74 1

104

105

4

16

16

8

8

0

Brantley

16

Brooks

59

Bryan

25

-

-

Bulloch

83

Burke

17

Butts

17

16

4

4

0

65

2

3

4

25

13

11

5

-

77

6

5

5

4

1

1

0

10

1

1

1

Calhoun Camden Candler

10

10

0

0

0

53

40

19

15

1

11

11

0

0

0

Carroll Catoosa Charlton

108

101

7

116

123

28

8

8

2

6

8

26

4

2

4

Chatham

1,295

1.139

252

Chattahoochee

8

9

6

Chattooga

35

34

8

22 1

109

6

0

7

0

Cherokee Clarke Clay

219

235

94

358

367

64

4

3

0

84

3 1

66

2

0

3

Clayton Clinch Cobb

785

812

394

8

6

0

1,334

1,299

786

395

39

0

0

79 1

139

Coffee Colquitt Columbia

43

30

0

88

72

6

152

143

22

0

22

2

8

2 1

10

Cook Coweta Crawford

73

66

5

164

162

74

0

2

0

3

2

72

6

0

0

Crisp Dade Dawson

92

94

28

30

4

8

5

1

2

2

15

10

3

0

0

Decatur DeKalb Dodge

50 2,151
3 1

46 1,943
31

6 1,057
I

6

2

904

258

I

0

Dooly Dougherty Douglas

19

19

2

642

609

41

239

195

74

2

0

40

4 1

59

17

Early Echols Effingham
-
Elbert Emanuel Evans

39

32

0

0

0

0

28

25

4

26

19

2

17

17

1

29

22

4

0

0

0

0

4

0

2

9

I

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

0

1

0

34

2

3

5

52

21

159

0

3

1

9

4

107

0

3

0

0

4

20

6

9

5

7

0

5

I

4

0

0

0

18

0

4

9

56

4

25

4

7

63

259

0

0

2

14

28

84

3

97

3

I

29

152

0

1

139

303

16

19

5

28

6

0

1

5

8

126

0

0

5

2 1

I

19

0

6

I

13

222

590

0

2

0

10

3 1

74

14

38

0

0

0

0

0

12

6

3

0

24

0

4

0

0

0

0

2

2

3

0

34

0

3

0

57

0

181

28

3

0

9

0

97

132

3

0

0

0

30

5

13

6

7

6

5

21

4

0

0

0

16

1

4

0

48

5

19

19

8

0

228

58

0

0

13

3

68

33

97

30

I

0

154

144

1

1

282

7 1

7

0

13

3

0

5

10

0

124

6

0

0

15

I

17

2

1

6

13

0

553

3 1

2

0

10

0

75

8

20

12

0

0

0

0

2

0

2

0

24

0

5

0

0 0 2
0 0 0
0 33 0
1 104
0
0 I1 9
6 16 0
0 1 0
2 11 0
56 0 3
22 30 0
138 1
71
0 3 5
0 7 0
1 5 1
0 29 0
0 8 10
0 0 0
-
0 0 0

42 14 22
3 97 12
136 606 34
3 1 1,097
27
20 90 58
107 44 23
10 92 15
184 192 2 1
1,973 14 60
46 1 55 1
8
1,514 10
2,633
84 133 189
85 376
0
146 32 30
7 1 4,087
34
3 1 806 380
39 0 44
40 42 37

39 15 19
6 97 12
135 650 3 1
35 1,051
27
20 113 64
100 26 16
10 72 15
166 183 22
1,707 15 59
437 563
7
1,528 8
2,582
53 95 175
80 373
2
145 30 12
66 3,651
34
3 1 763 298
32 0 3 1
29 42 28

County
Fannin Fayette Floyd
Forsyth Franklin Fulton
Gilmer Glascock Glynn
Gordon Grady Greene
Gwinnett Habersham Hall
Hancock Haralson Harris
Hart Heard Henry
Houston Irwin Jackson
Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson
Jenkins Johnson Jones
Lamar Lanier Laurens
Lee Liberty Lincoln
Long Lowndes Lumpkin
Macon Madison Marion
McDuffie McIntosh Meriwether
Miller Mitchell Monroe
Montgomery Morgan Murray
Muscogee Newton Oconee

Table 55
FY 1985 JUVENILE COURT CASELOAD (NUMBER OF CHILDREN)

Delinquent Filed Disposed

Unruly Filed Disposed

Traffic Filed Disposed

Deprived

Special Proceedings

Filed Disposed Filed Disposed

Total Filed Disposed

18

13

18

90

79

8

309

314

175

115

64

73

12

12

0

4,639

4,087

762

25

17

7

0

0

0

366

345

135

209

198

98

22

18

0

5

16

4

1,037 22 280

912

455

32

0

273

153

1

1

0

32

30

5

13

16

4

28

21

0

2

2

0

146

144

135

144

133

45

12

43

I

43

57

2

2

1

0

58

54

0

45

45

2

3

3

I

9

9

0

2

1

0

18

5

7

2

180

30

28

10

0

0

650

317

1

0

0

0

134

9

9 1

19

0

0

6

0

349

46

0

0

148

18

0

0

6

2

5

3

0

1

0

0

134

5

32

2

1

2

7

0

0

0

I

3

2

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

14

2

15

29

80

6

3 1

0

4

228

933

0

10

0

0

1 I

75

15

80

0

3

0

24

42

328

0

29

19

66

0

0

2

19

5

0

1

21

0

10

4

6

1

2 1

3

0

2

32

0

9

2

12

0

6

0

6

0

9

0

4

13

0

10

0

89

3

17

20

6

0

845

132

5

2

0

0

68

14

76

15

2

0

29

0

302

116

38

2

66

19

0

0

17

0

0

0

21

0

10

0

5

10

24

I1

0

0

27

5

9

0

8

I

6

0

2

0

9

0

3

0

0

55

0

115

3

597

26

249

0

16

99 6,783

2

44

0

0

1 I

599

14

42 1

0

25

0

33

87 1,982

2

53

18

536

0

I

0

58

0

20

0

50

0

12

16

302

I1

223

0

15

5

82

0

I I

I

74

0

53

0

10

0

18

0

6

44 98 615
141 16 5,909
25 0 569
394 20 51
1,692 72 524
1 55 26
43 12 303
20 1 47 98
10 66 53
6 18 4

42 133
3
17 192 23
20 49
2
37 34 30
14 83 3 1
7 4 82
1,064 285 2

3 1

16

123

38

3

0

14

6

191

2 1

50

0

18

5

52

2

3

0

39

0

35

8

29

0

14

0

83

6

30

2

7

0

1

0

79

50

1,022

447

298

120

6

2

16

24

38

5

0

0

15

0

23

2

0

1

5

4

2

2

0

0

0

I

9

0

0

4

0

0

6

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

50

I

400

l I0

120

15

2

0

26

8

5

29

0

0

0

8

2

72

2

I

4

27

2

0

0

0

I

5

0

15

4

52

0

0

0

6

0

I I

0

I I

0

7

I

29

103

312

17

200

0

2

7

12

7

6

0

2

0

0

68

0

3

0

28

I

3

0

0

0

4

4

15

3

5 1

1

0

0

6

I

13

0

I I

0

7

0

28

7

267

196

194

65

2

0

13

102

3

21 1

2

5

0

3 1

0

287

2

25

I

57

0

53

0

2

3

47

3

60

1

87

0

14

0

96

0

44

0

18

0

I1

7

169

129 2,129

47

685

0

6

93 176
5
29 284
57
56 59 3
47 62 85
14 95 45
18 8 165
1.921 676 10

Table 56

Filed Direct Appeals (Final)

SUPREME COURT CASELOAD: 1985 AND 1984
1985 1984 Disposed
I
584 562 lopinions Written

Petitions for Certiorari
Original Petitions/Motions
Habeas Corpus Applications
Applications for Discretionary Appeal
Applications for Interlocutory Appeal
Summary Judgment Granted
Certified Questions
Attorney/Judge Discipline, Bar Admissions

572 513 Affirmed Without

Opinion (Rule 59)

26

I29 Certiorari Applications Granted Denied

Habeas Corpus Applications
Granted Denied 50 54 Supersedeas Granted

Interlocutory

l6 l 4 Applications

l4

I Granted
l 2 Denied

Discretionary Applications
Granted Denied

Original Petitions/Motions Granted Denied

Disciplinary /Bar Admissions /Judicial Disciplinary Decided By Order

Other Transferred to Court of Appeals by order DismissedIRemanded by order Withdrawn Affirmed by order
Habeas corpus death sentence set aside by order

WAL

1985 1984 387 420
30 45 49 32 125 125 38 42
1 0 1 0 1,602 1,549

I11 CORRECTIONS

Corrections - Introduction
The administration of state correctional facilities and programs is a function of the Executive branch of government. k l l offenders sentenced by the courts to the custody of the state are either housed in facilities operated by, or under the authority of, the Board of Corrections, or are supervised by probation officers employed by the Board. As of December 31, 1985, the Board was responsible for the custody and care of 16,299 inmates institutionalized in facilities under the authority of the Board. The Board also was responsible for the supervision of 90,132 active probationers as of December 1985. The Board of Corrections has no authority over inmates released on parole. These offenders are supervised by the State Board of Pardons and Paroles and are addressed in a separate section of this publication.
Department of Corrections Facilities
The Department of Corrections is responsible to the courts for carrying out judicial sentences. In order to do so, the Department maintains three different types of facilities, has regulatory authority over another type of facility, and operates a separate division for the probation function. The Department has authority over 27 correctional institutions, 108 probation district offices and 14 diversion centers. It employs 6,700 persons to carry out its assigned functions. It is by far the largest state criminal justice agency and one of the largest state agencies. The various programs for which the Department is responsible include:
1. Probation Supervision is a program operated by the Department as an alternative to incarceration. The judge may require a probationer to report to his probation supervisor on a routine basis, require community service work, require the payment of restitution to the victim. and may impose a variety of other special conditions upon the probationer's freedom. The Department employs 1,072 probation program employees to supervise offenders sentenced to state probation by the courts. As of December 1985, 90,132 active probationers were under the supervision of the Probation Division.
2. Diversion Centers are operated by the Department as short term residential facilities for offenders sentenced to a special term of probation. The maximum stay in a diversion center is 120 days. The diversion program is designed to allow a sentencing judge to impose a more rigorous sentence than regular "street" probation, yet not as restrictive as incarceration in a prison facility. A diversion center offers a variety of educational, job training, counseling, treatment and other socialization programs to the offender. Residents of diversion centers are allowed to maintain their employment and must pay taxes, room and board, and any fines or restitution imposed by the judge. They also continue to pay for the support of their families. These centers are often referred to as "halfwayin houses''. The Department employs 253 employees to supervise offenders placed in 14 diversion centers. The

current capacity of the diversion centers allows for treatment of 1,762 residents per year.
3. County Correctional Institutions are operated by 27 counties within the state. Although the county government operates, maintains, and employs the personnel who operate these facilities, they are under the regulatory authority of the Department of Corrections. They house inmates who are sentenced to the custody of the Department for terms of confinement. These inmates are required to work in various county maintenance programs such as road repairs and other public works. As of December 31, 1985, the 27 county correctional institutions housed 2,444 inmates.
4. State Prisons are operated by employees of the Department. These facilities offer a variety of educational, jobtraining, counseling, treatment, and other socialization programs to the inmates, but their primary emphasis is on maintaining the security of the institution. As of December 31, 1985, there were 13,547 inmates housed in 24 state institutions operated by 4,703 employees.
5 . Transition Centers are operated by the Department to provide an easier transition back into the community life for inmates who are scheduled for release from prison in the near future. The program is designed to lessen the personal shock of going from a totally controlled and disciplined institutional setting to the free environment the average citizen enjoys. It is also directed at helping the residents secure and maintain meaningful employment. These Centers are referred to as "halfway-out houses". As of December 31, 1985, there were 443 residents housed in these centers operated by 126 employees.
County Jails
In Georgia, the sheriff of each county retains the English common law duty as chief jailer. He is responsible for the care, maintenance and security of all prisoners lawfully detained and awaiting trial and of all inmates sentenced to his custody by the courts. Generally. inmates serving their
sentences in county jails have received sentences of 12 months
or less, are awaiting transfer to a state prison facility. or are temporarily assigned to the county jail subject to the agreement of both the sheriff and the comniissioner of the Department of Corrections, while they are working on a state Department of Corrections-approved work project.
Currently, there are 145 county jails funded for operation in the state's 159 counties.
Municipal Jails and Detention Facilities
According to a survey conducted by the Department of Con~munityAffairs. ~iiunicipalitiesin the state operate approximately 147jails andlor detention facilities. The average

daily population of all these facilities combined was 430 detainees. With the exception of a few notable facilities, such as those found in the major urban centers, it can generally be said that municipal jails are primarily short-term lock-ups which hold detainees for periods of time not exceeding 72 hours before court appearances, transfer to county jails, or release. Due to the more stringent standards applied to correctional facilities which house individuals for periods of time exceeding 72 hours, some municipalities which have maintained prisoners for longer periods are either closing down their jails or using them only as short-term holding facilities.
Corrections Data
The data collected and published in this report are provided by the Department of Corrections Statistics Unit within the Department's evaluation and statistics component. This unit is responsible for maintaining all relevant statistical data on inmates and probationers assigned to the custody of the state. Since much of these data are critical to internal decisionmaking within the Department of Corrections, they are maintained primarily for such internal purposes. The Department of Corrections is, however, required by law to submit certain criminal history record information to the Georgia Crime Information Center and also provides to the State Board of Pardons and Paroles data on offender status and on offender conduct while in prison. The improved computer capabilities of this unit currently provide in-depth analysis of offender information and feedback to other criminal justice system components, especially to the judiciary.

Statistical data on inmate populations at the local level (i.e., county and city jails) are extremely difficult to maintain, since there is no central repository. The Department of Community Affairs, with the assistance of the computerized reporting capabilities of the Georgia Crime Information Center, has been collecting limited data on local jail populations since mid-1982, as noted in the narrative portion of this report.
PRISON PROFILE
Table 60 outlines population trends in the major categories of prisons from 1981 to 1985. The figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. During that period, the overall inmate population increased from 13,669 to 16,299. For 1981 these figures include the number of inmates in county jails awaiting entry into the state system; exclusion of these totals would account for an even greater increase in the percent changes from 1981 to 1985.
More specifically, individual institution data are available for 1985 (See Table 61). Of particular interest are the total categories that indicate the greatest percent of population of both men and women fall in the age range 22-39. Those prisons with the greatest population include the Georgia Industrial Institute (GII) at Alto (1,415), Georgia Diagnostic Classification Center (GDCC) at Jackson (1,472), Middle Georgia Correctional Institute for Youthful Offenders (854) and the Georgia State Prison (GSP) at Reidsville (958). (Note: The GDCC is operated primarily for the classification of prisoners to be reassigned to other correctional institutions).

Table 57
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION POPULATIONS BY TYPE, 1981 - 1985

Type of Facility

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

Transition Centers County Correctional Institutions State Correctional Institutions Other* Total
*For 1981, "other" includes the jail population (those awaiting transfer to a state institution). For 1982 - 1985, the jail population is not included. Other also includes inmates out to court on appeal for all years.
Note: These figures represent inmate counts taken In December of each year. Source: GDC

Institution

Table 58
INSTITUTION POPULATION BY CURRENT AGE AND SEX, 1985

Age

Men

00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99

Total % 00-21 22-39

Women 40-54 55-99 Total

Grand

Q

Total %

Atlanta Adv Ctr Macon Trans Ctr Metro Trans Ctr New Horizons Savannah Trans Ctr Central State Hosp Bulloch C.C.I. Calhoun C.C.I. Carroll C.C.I. Clarke C.C.I. Colquitt C.C.I. Coweta C.C.I. Decatur C.C.I. Effingham C.C.I. Floyd C.C.I. Fulton C.C.I. Gwinnett C.C.I. Hall C.C.I. Harris C.C.I. Houston C.C.I. Jackson C.C.I. Jefferson C.C.I. Meriwether C.C.I. Mitchell C.C.I. Columbus C.C.I. Richmond C.C.I. Spalding C.C.I. Stewart C.C.I. Sumter C.C.I. Terrell C.C.I. Thomas C.C.I. Troup C.C.I. Upson C.C.I. Ware C.I. Lowndes C.I. Dodge C.1. GTDC (Buford) Walker C.I. Wayne C.I. GI1 (Alto) Montgomery C.I. Lee C.I. Putnam C.I. GSP (Reidsville) Middle Ga C.I. - Men Metro C.I. GDCC (Jackson) - Diag GDCC (Jackson) - Perm Coastal C.I. Middle Ga C.I. - Y.O. Stone Mtn. C.I. Middle Ga C.I. - Women Middle Ga C.I. - Rivers Rutledge C.I. Central C.I. Augusta Medical C.1. Rogers '2.1. Other

Total
Notc: Due to round~ng.percentages d o not aluayh total 100% Ftgureh rcprc\cnt count\ taken in December 1985. "OTHER ~ncludesunassigned Inmate (those who have heen convicted of a crime and are currently heing held in another county l i ~ rajudlcation of another crlnie). out UI court and \ervlng a concurrent \cntcncc out or state. Source: GDC

INMATE PROFILE
In analyzing the inmate population from 1981 to 1985, sex and race variables remain constant (See Table 62). (Note: These figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year). Table 63 provides more specific data concerning age, sex and race of the 1985 inmate population.
Of frequent interest in discussing offenders is the individual prisoner's actual length of sentence. Table 64 indicates that the numbers of persons assigned each specific sentence length are increasing, yet the percentage of the total for each sentence length remains basically the same. The only notable percentage change is that of youthful offenders. In 1981 youthful offenders represented 7.0% of the inmate popula-

tion while in 1985 they represented only 1.9%. No other category has demonstrated this type of change.
Also important is the number of offenders awaiting execution. Though the percentages have remained constant, actual numbers on death row have risen from 90 in 1981 to 114 in 1985. Three executions took place in 1985.
Analyses of the most serious crimes committed by inmates indicate that violent personal crimes have been the most prevalent type, followed by property crimes, throughout the 5 year period. Slight fluctuations occurred each year, but no major changes were evident in the percentages.

Table 59
INMATE POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX, 1981 - 1985

White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female
Total

5,445 7,558
285 381
13,669

39.8% 55.3%
2.1% 2.8%
100.0%

5,504 7,919
269 365
14,057

39.2% 56.3%
1.9% 2.6%
100.0%

5,999 8,748
304 453
15,504

38.7% 56.4% 2.0% 2.9%
100.0%

6,114 8,854
292 471
15,731

38.9% 56.3%
1.9% 3.0%
100.0%

6,254 9,197
342 506

38.4% 56.4% 2.1%
3.1%

16,299 100.0%

Note: Due to round~ng,percentages do not always total 100%.These figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year.

Race and Sex

Table 60
INMATE POPULATION BY RACE, AGE AND SEX, 1985

Age 00-21

Men 22-39 40-54 55-99

Total % 00-21 22-39

Women 40-54 55-99 Total

Grand

%

Total %

White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female
Total

890 1,177
0 0

4,176 6,858
0 0

945 243

959 203

0

0

0

0

6,254 9,197
0 0

40% 60% 0% 0%

2,067 11,034 1,904 446 15,451100%

0

0

0

0

45 230

49

399

94 629

0

0

0 0% 6,254 38%

0

0

0 0% 9,197 56%

57

10 342 40%

342 2%

44

14 506 60%

506 3 %

101

24 848 100% 16,299 100%

Note: Figures represent inmate counts taken In December of 1985. Source: GDC

Figure 32
INMATE POPULATION
BY RACE k SEX. 1985
NON WIP (9.1%)

NON

Sentence in Years

Table 61
INMATE SENTENCE LENGTH IN YEARS, 1981 - 1985

1981

% 1982

% 1983

%

1984

%

1985

%

0- 1 1.1-2 2.1-3 3.1-4 4.1-5 5.1-6 6.1-7 7.1-8 8.1-9 9.1-10 10.1-12 12.1-15 15.1-20 20.1-over Life Death Youthful Offender
Total

13,669 100.0% 14,057

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. These figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year.
Source: GDC

Table 62
INMATE SENTENCE IN YEARS BY CURRENT AGE AND SEX, 1985

Sentence in Years

Age

Men

00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99

Total % 00-21 22-39

Women 40-54 55-99 Total

Grand

%

Total %

0- 1 1.1-2 2.1-3 3.1-4 4.1-5 5.1-6 6.1-7 7.1-8 8.1-9 9.1-10 10.1-12 12.1-15 15.1-20 20.1-over Life Death Youthful Offender

Total

2,067 11,034 1,904 446 15,451 100%

94 629

101

24 848 100%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent inmate counts taken in December of 1985. Sentence In years 1s indicated 1.1-2 meaning one year and one day to two years.
Source. GDC
Figure 33

INMATE SENTENCE LENGTHS, 1985

16,299 100%

N

W

V

I

O

~

,

~r r~ r,
ONU1

N"

O
2

YEARS SENTENCED
PERSONS SENTENCED

Table 63
INMATE POPULATION BY NUMBER OF PRIOR ARRESTS, 1981 - 1985

Sentence in Years

1981

% 1982

% 1983

%

1984

%

1985

%

Zero One Two Three Four Five More than Five
Total Reported
Not Reported
Total

1,511 1,623 1,349
998 870 65 1 3,093
10,095
3,574
13,669

11.1% 11.9% 9.9% 7.3% 6.4% 4.8% 22.6%

1,190 1,372 1,234
956 795 626 3,318

8.5% 9.8% 8.8% 6.8% 5.7% 4.5% 23.6%

73.9% 9,491 67.5%

26.1 % 4,566 32.5%

100.0% 14,057 100.0%

Note. Due to rounding. percentage\ d o not always total 1 0 % "NOT REPORTED'' indicates the number o l reports not recelved by GDC. Figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year.
* Data unavailable lor 1985
Source. GDC

Figure 34
INMATE POPULATION BY
NUMBER OF PRIOR ARRESTS 1981,1984
4.6

PRIOR ARRESTS

rsai

1984

Table 64
INMATE POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, 1981 - 1985

Crime Type

1981

% 1982

% 1983

%

1984

%

1985

%

Violent Personal Non-violent Personal Property Drug Sales Drug Possession Victimless Alcohol*
Other
Total Reported

6,95 1 70
5,181 410 437 56 0
564
13,669

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. These figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year
*Beginning In 1985, a new crime type "alcohol' was added and the crime type "Vict~mless" was deleted. Source. GDC

Table 65
INMATE CRIME CATEGORIES BY CURRENT AGE AND SEX, 1985

Crimes by Group

Age

Men

00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99

Age Total % 00-21 22-39

Women 40-54 55-99 Total

Grand

%

Total %

Homicide Bodily Injury & Re1 Off Arson & Rel Off Damage of Property Burglary and Re1 Off Forgery and Rel Off Theft Robbery Sexual Offenses Crimes Involving Govt Falsifications Obstruct Law Enforcement Disorderly Conduct Gambling & Re1 Off Cruelty to Children Crimes with Guns Invasion Privacy Racketeering Drug Abuse Offenses Auto Crimes Revenue & Contraband Misc. Felonies Misdemeanors

Total

2,067 11,034 1,904

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent inmate counts taken in December of 1985.
Source: GDC

PROBATIONER PROFILE
Since probation data are available for only four years (1981, 1982, 1983 and 1985), it is difficult to analyze trends. From 1981 to 1985, the number of probationers has grown from 44,258 to 90,132 (+ 104%).
Analysis of the most serious crimes committed by probationers indicates that the greatest number of probationers were involved in property crimes rather than violent crimes (See Table 72).

As the number of probationers increased, the number of probationers on first offender status also increased. In 1985 more probationers were on first offender status than at any other time; however the percentage of first offenders decreased by .l% from 1983 to 1985 (12,544 - 15.7%) (See Table 71).

Table 66
PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX, 1981 - 1985

White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female
Total

22,645 16,077 3,004 2,532
44,258

51.2% 36.3% 6.8% 5.7%
100.0%

25,106 17,495 3,632 2,948
49,181

51.0% 35.6% 7.4% 6.0%
100.0%

31,021 23,690 4,905 4,671
64,287

48.3% 36.9% 7.6% 7.3%
100.0%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total IOOW Rcport~ngof Probation Data began in 1981. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in August 1981, 1982. June 1983 and December. 1985. Data for 1984 is unavailable.
Source: GDC

- 41,660 - 34,619 - 7,117 - 6,736

46.2% 38.4% 7.9% 7.5%

- 90,132 100.0%

Race and Sex

Table 67
PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE, AGE AND SEX, 1985

Age 00-21

Men 22-39 40-98 Unk

Total

Women % 00-21 22-39 40-98

Unk Total

Grand

%

Total %

White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female

5,851 3,710
0 0

27,883 24,422
0 0

7,286 5,977
0 0

640 41,660 55%

510 34,619 45%

0

0 0%

0

0 0%

0

0

0

0

962 4,968

853 4,860

0 0 1,143 99 1

0

0 0%

0

0 0%

44 7,117 51%

32 6,736 49%

41,660 46% 34,619 38% 7,117 8% 6,736 7%

Total

9,561 52,305 13,263 1,150 76,279 100% 1,815 9,828 2,134

76 13,853 100% 90,132 100%

Note: Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December of 1985. 1984 data is unavailable Source: GDC

Figure 35
PROBATION POPULATION
BY RACE AND SEX. 1985

NON Urn (98.4%)

Table 68
PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, 1981 - 1985

Violent Personal Non-violent Personal Property Drug Sales Drug Possession Victimless Alcohol
Other
Total Reported

6,951 70
5,181 410 437 56
-

50.9% 0.5% 37.9% 3.0% 3.2% 0.4%

564 4.1%

13,669 100.0%

7,009 101
5,290 473 573 44
-

49.9% 0.7% 37.6% 3.4% 4.1% 0.3%

567 4.0%

14,057 100.0%

Note: Reporting of Probation Data began in 1981 Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Beginning in 1985, a new crime type "Alcohol" was added and the crime type "Victimless" was deleted. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in August 1981. 1982. 1983 and December 1985.
Source: GDC

Table 69
PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, CURRENT AGE AND SEX, 1985

Crime

Age

Men

00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk

Total

Age

Women

% 00-21 22-39 40-98

Unk Total

Grand

%

Total %

Violent Personal Non Violent Personal Property Drug Sales Drug Possession Alcohol Other

791 371 5,454 164 657 1,325 799

4,327 11,333 14,013 1,754 5,712 11,887 3,279

1,333 3,249 2,279
210 727 4,333 1,132

91

6,542 9%

141

735

475 15,428 20%

25

133

201 21,947 29% 1,200 5,207

14 2,142 3%

33

358

76

7,172 9 %

124 1,419

232 17,777 23%

165 1,185

61

5,271 7 %

127

791

199 29 1,043 62 222 344 235

4 1,079 8 % 2 189 1% 36 7.486 54% 6 459 3% 9 1,774 13% 12 1,706 12% 7 1,160 8 %

7,621 15,617 29,433 2,601 8,946 19,483 6,431

8% 17% 33% 3% 10% 22% 7%

Total Reported

9,561 52,305 13,263 1,150 76.279100% 1,815 9,828 2,134

76 13,853 100% 90,132 100%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December. 1985.
Source: GDC

Figure 36
PROBATION POPULATION
BY CRIME TYPE, 1986
SO

Table 70
PROBATION POPULATION BY CRIME CATEGORY, CURRENT AGE AND SEX, 1985

Crimes by Group

Age

Men

00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk

Total

Age

Women

% 00-21 22-39 40-98

Unk Total

Grand

%

Total %

Homicide Abortion Bodily Injury & Rel Off Arson & Rel Off Damage of Property Burglary and Rel Off Forgery and Rel Off Theft Robbery Sexual Offenses Obsenity Crimes Treason & Rel Off Crimes Involving Govt Falsifications Obstruct Law Enforcement Disorderly Conduct Gambling & Rel Off Cruelty to Children Crimes with Guns Invasion Privacy Racketeering Drug Abuse Offenses Auto Crimes Revenue & Contraband Misc. Felonies Misdemeanors

Total Reported

Note. Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100% Figures represent counts taken In December. 1985.
Source: GDC

Table 71
ACTIVE PROBATIONERS ON FIRST OFFENDER STATUS, 1981 - 1985

On 1st Off Stat Not on 1st Off Stat
Total Reported
Reports not Received

6,114 38,144
44,258
0

13.8% 6,812 86.2% 42,369 100.0% 49,181
0

13.9% 86.1%
100.0%

10,129 53,809 63,938
349

15.8% 84.2%
100.0%

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. F~guresrepresents counts of probationers taken in August 1981, 1982, June 1983 and December, 1985
Source: GDC

- 12,544 15.7% - 67,385 84.3% - 79,929 100.0%
10,203

First Offender
1st-Offdr-Status Non-1st Offender-Status

Table 72
FIRST-OFFENDER BY CURRENT AGE AND SEX, 1985

Age

Men

00-21 22-39 40-98 Unkn

Total

Age

Women

% 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unkn Total

Grand

%

Total

2,480 5,911

842

53 9,286 14% 537 2,272

5,856 40,570 10,787 945 58,158 86% 1,056 6,612

444 1,503

5 3,258 26% 12,544 56 9,227 74% 67,385

Total Reported Not Reported

8,336 46,481 11,629 998 67,444 100% 1,593 8,884

1,225 5,824 1,634 152 8,835

222 944

1,947 187

61 12,485 100% 15 1,368

79,929 10,203

Total

9,561 52,305 13,263 1,150 76,279

1,815 9,828 2,134

76 13,853

90,132

Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken In December, 1985 "NOT REPORTED" indicates reports not rece~vedby GDC.
Be~ngsentenced under the First Offender Act does not necessarily imply that a probationer is a first-time offender. Any v~olatormay ask to be sentenced under the First Offender Act as one of several different options open to them. Occasionally, persons with one or more prior convictions will be sentenced under this act These data should be v~ewedas only an estimation of the number of first time violators of first offenders on active probation caseloads.
Source: GDC

IV PARDONS AND PAROLES

INTRODUCTION
The executive clemency powers of the State of Georgia are vested exclusively in the State Board of Pardons and Paroles. The Board is composed of five members appointed by the Governor for seven-year terms, subject to confirmation by the State Senate. Each year the Board elects one of its members to serve as Chairman.
The Board was established in 1943 with its authority established in the Georgia Constitution. Its existence ensures that the Executive Branch of government has a discretionary role in criminaljustice. Thus in Georgia's justice system, the Board provides some of the checks and balances deemed necessary by the framers of the Constitution.
The Board is empowered to grant or deny clemency to inmates incarcerated for violation of the state's criminal laws. It has Constitutional authority to grant paroles, pardons, and reprieves, to commute and remit sentences, and to restore civil and political rights. It has authority and staff to investigate cases and to supervise persons granted conditional clemency.
Before the Board considers an inmate for parole, it conducts investigations. Detailed investigative reports become a part of the Board's case file, which is separate from files maintained by the department of Corrections.
Initially, a parole officer studies arrest and court records and may talk with arresting officers, court officials, victims and witnesses to prepare a legal investigation report on the details of an inmate's current offense and a summary of any prior offenses in the same county.
Subsequently, a parole officer interviews the inmate and completes a personal history statement questionnaire. The inmate is asked, among other things, where he has resided, attended school, names and locations of family members, whom he has chosen as references, where he plans to live and work, and what his own account is of his crime. A Social Investigation is also conducted which includes interviews with persons mentioned in the personal history statement.
Before any inmate is paroled, the Board reviews a Parole Review Summary from the Department of Corrections. The summary provides data on the inmate's behavior, attitude, physical status, mental and emotional condition, participation in activities, and performance in work and training programs while incarcerated. At its discretion, the Board may request detailed psychological and/or psychiatric opinions
before considering a case. AU information generated by parole
officers and other officials, which become a matter of record within the Board of Pardons and Paroles, are used to prepare summaries of Board actions.
Paroles are granted based on Parole Decision Guidelinesthat were established to asiist the Board in making consistent and accurate assessments of the factors that will affect each prospective parolee's chances for success upon release. Excluded from Guideline Decisions are life sentences and sentences for armed robbery.

The Board initially identifies the crime severity level of the individual. The crime committed is ranked from level I to VII, with VII being the most severe. Those ranked in the higher severity categories will serve longer. The next area of consideration is parole success factors. These include age at first commitment, prior convictions (juvenile and adult), prior incarceration since age 17, parole or probation failure, use, possession, or attempt to obtain heroin or opiates, whether current offenses involved burglary or forgery, whether fully employed during six months prior to current offense, and other factors.
From these weighted factors, along with the severity level, the Board calculates the individual's parole success likelihood score. This score, along with the crime severity level, is inserted into a guidelines chart which indicates the actual time the inmate should serve. The Board reviews these data, and if approved, the inmate is advised of an expected release date. The inmate is released on this date provided the Board receives no serious disciplinary reports on the individual prior to the release date. If the length of time to be served is greater than the actual sentence length, the inmate will serve the sentence issued by the court. In no case will the Board add time to an inmate's sentence.
Board of Pardons and Paroles Data
The Board of Pardons and Paroles collects its own data, compiling it for various internal function requirements, as well as making it available to the criminal justice community as needed. It reflects not only workload, but certain qualitative factors concerning the activity of the Board.
PROFILE OF PARDONS AND PAROLES
Pardon and Parole data are compiled on a fiscal year basis at the end of June rather than at the end of December. Table 73 provides all available pardon and parole data from 1981 to 1985.
1983and 1984are highlighted as peak years for Parole Board activity. There were 7,915 parole releases in 1983 and 8,021 in 1984.
1981and 1984were peak years for pardons, with 124and 129 pardons issued respectively.
Most of the data indicate considerable variance in the amount of activity during the five year period. One noticeable trend is the decrease in the number of parole cases denied. A major factor in this decrease is the increasing inmate population forcing fewer denials of parole and the release of more prisoners. The high figure for special releases in 1981 (4,649) is also the result of the need to reduce critical population levels in the prison system. Use of a more scientific approach, the parole decision guidelines, has helped to make the release of prisoners in overcrowding situations more systematic and has reduced the need for mass releases of prisoners.

Table 73
PROFILE OF PAROLE BOARD ACTIVITY, 1981 - 1985

Parole Conditional Transfer to Detainer Youthful Offender Conditional Release Commutation to Time Served Remission to Probation Supervised Reprieve Reprieve and Conditional Commutation Other Release Action Special Release

Total Released by Board

Revocation of Parole

359

Revocation of Youthful Offender Conditional Release 255

Cancellation of Supervised Reprieve

-

Cancellation of Reprieve and Conditional Commutation -

Other Revocation and Cancellation Special Release

130

Total Returns to Prison Board

744

Parole Case Denied Discharge from Parole Youthful Offender Unconditional Release Restoration of Civil and Political Rights
A) Upon Discharge from Parole B) Upon Application Pardon Medical or Compassionate Reprieve Commutation Reducing Sentence (but not resulting in release) Visitor Interview in Central Office Inmate Interview at Institution Preliminary Revocation Hearing Final Revocation Hearing Other Board Actions Jail Credit

Total Other Actions by Board Total Board Activity Total Inmates at End of Reporting Period

10,634 18,198 13,034

Parole Board Releases Under Supervision at End of Reporting Period (Youth Offenders)

Total Parole Board Releases Under Supervision
Case Reviewed Under Parole Guidelines A) Cases Reviewed Early in Confinement B) Cases Reviewed Month of Eligibility C) Cases Deviating from Guidelines
Lifers Considered for Parole
Lifers Granted Parole Lifers Granted Parole at First Consideration

Prepared by Research and Evaluation
* Breakouts not available
Note: "Y.O." = Youth Offenders.
Data is compiled in June of the applicable year.
Source: State Board of Pardons and Paroles

73 1
9,006 15,129 14,788

1,122
9,418 18,455 15,589

1,578
19,111 28,710 15,514

2,09 1
18,054 27,351 16,415

V STATEMENTS FROM SENIOR OFFICIALS

MICHAEL J. BOWERS
Attorney General, State of Georgia
Attorney General Bowers was educated at the U.S. Military Academy, Stanford University, and the University of Utah. After service in the Air Force, he attended the University of Georgia Law School. A member of the State Law Department since 1974, he became Georgia's fifty-first Attorney General in 1981.

Since the publication of the 1984 compilation of Georgia Criminal Justice Data, at least one unfortunate statistic remains with us: illicit trafficking in drugs continues to generate human suffering and is the root of many of the other crime statistics published in this year's book.
Because illicit drugs and those who deal in them respect no geographical boundaries, it it imperative that all levels of law
enforcement - state, federal and local - cooperate fully in
stemming the flow of illegal drugs in our state and nation.
Many of the hctors that make Georgia such an attractive state
for our people - its southern locale and temperate climate,
miles of coastline, vast areas of forest lands, and burgeoning metropolitan areas with international transportation
connections - unfortunately are an allure to drug traffickers.

We are relatively close to many of the sources of illegal drugs, it is impossible to patrol all the potential entry points, and once in state the drugs readily can be dispersed to all parts of the United States. Yet one need not look beyond Georgia's boundaries to witness the harm caused by this destructive importation; it is our problem in more ways than one, and our young people are a primary target.
I hope the next twelve months bring continued vigorous efforts on the part of the Georgia law enforcement community to eradicate the single most pervasive evil we face. The people of Georgia deserve no less.

JAMES ROBERT (Robbie) HAMRICK
Director, Georgia Bureau of Investigation
Mr. Hamrick received his Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice from Georgia State University. He is a graduate of the FBI National Academy and a past president of the FBI Academy Associates.
Mr. Hamrick has been actively employed in law enforcement since 1959, when he began his career with the Department of Public Safety. He was appointed as Special Agent with the Georgia Bureau of Investigation in 1969. On September 4, 1985, Mr. Hamrick was appointed by the Governor and the State Board of Public Safety as Director of the Geopia Bureau of Investigation.

The GBI will soon have an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). AFIS technology permits experts to search single latent fingerprints found at crime scenes against fingerprints of all prior offenders in master files, and to conduct computerized searches of master files for prior criminal records on persons whose cards are submitted by arresting agencies and others. We currently have nearly one million criminal fingerprint cards on file with more coming in on a daily basis. When the AFIS is fully operational with latent fingerprint search against the master file within 24 hours and with turnaround time for 10-print cards cut from 6 months to 36 hours, law enforcement, the prosecutors, courts, employers and licensing agencies will be the beneficiaries of this new technological breakthrough. Of particular interest to the citizens of the State of Georgia is that the GBI will be better able to respond to the increasing requests made on the system for information dealing with child abuse and known child abusers/molesters. New law passed during the 1986 General Assembly authorized the GBI to conduct criminal checks on anyone-in either a paid or voluntary position that deals with children. With this check, we hope to prevent more tragedies involving children. This new system will be invaluable in accomplishing this mission.

The 1986 General Asembly, acting on Governor Harris' recommendations, also created a Missing Children Information Center in order to provide both informational and investigative support to the local law enforcement community in responding to the problem of missing children. Furthermore, our agents are receiving additional advanced training in the handling of cases involving missing/abused children. This training will enable us to better respond to the needs of local law enforcement agencies, we pledge to be ever vigilant for this tragic crime against our children.
Children, as well as adults, continue to suffer from the ever increasing drug epidemic. We are, of course, continuing in our effort to stop the flow of drugs into the State. The drug
problem is being met with a three prong attack - interdiction
of drugs being smuggled into the State; eradication of drugs being grown and manufactured in the State and education of our citizens to the cost and tragedy being brought about by drug abuse.
Our commitment to the citizens of the State of Georgia remains firm, to provide law enforcement second to none in the United States or the world.

COLONEL HUGH HARDISON
Commissioner, Georgia Department of Public Safety
Following his active military service during the Korean Conflict, Hugh Hardison received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy. He chose instead to attend Georgia Tech on a scholarship.
Colonel Hardison became a member of the Georgia State Patrol in 1955 and was appointed Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Public Safety in 1979.

Coping with an ever growing vehicle and driver population in Georgia continues to be one of the prime concerns with the Georgia Department of Public Safety. The state's continued steady economic growth reflected itself in 1985 by showing a total of 5.4 million registered vehicles up by 12 percent from 1984. Travel in the state topped the 52 billion mile mark, a new record topping the 1984 record of 45 billion miles by a healthy percentage.
The metropolitan Atlanta region continues to be the hub of growth in vehicles and miles traveled as it does in population and economic growth.
Continuing its 1984 drive toward reducing the number of drunk drivers on Georgia highways, the Georgia State Patrol recorded 18,000 DUI cases, 23 percent of the more than 78,000 registered by all enforcement agencies. The 1985 number of DUI arrests by the State Patrol is down slightly from 1984 when 21,000 cases were made, evidence that the actual number of drinking drivers is being reduced. Troopers are reporting that averages of blood alcohol content also continues to be less indicating drinking drivers are not drinking as much.
Early statistical data also indicate a lower number of alcohol related and DUI deaths, injuries and accidents for 1985 as compared to earlier years.

The transportation of contraband such as drugs and dangerous weapons continues to be a mounting problem for the state. Troopers almost daily report captures of quantities of drugs and drug related monies from north and southbound traffic along 1-75 and 1-95, the two principal routes through the state, linking Florida and the North. Special training techniques are now being employed to assist officers in ferreting out these illegal runners of death and misery through illegal drugs.
With the falling prices of gasoline and the availability improvements, troopers will face increasing numbers of travelers on our roads this year. Already, predictions are for a record number of tourists in the state in 1986.
Remarkably as of April 1986, a 16 percent reduction in traftic deaths for 1986 was being recorded, giving troopers and their leaders renewed optimism that diligent efforts through enforcement, education and public awareness might combine to see another siginificant reduction in traffic deaths as was recorded in 1985.
This department, long prideful of its past efforts toward public safety, will continue efforts to justify this record of service to the citizens of Georgia.

Clarence Roland Vaughn, I11
President, Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police, Inc.
Roland Vaughn is a graduate of the University of Georgia with a degree in Political Science and a graduate of the Atlanta Law School. In April of 1974 he began his law enforcement career full time as an investigator with the Rockdale county Sheriffs Office. On January 5, 1981, Mr. Vaughn was named by the Mayor and City council to be Chief of the Conyers Department of Public Safety Police Services Division.
Chief Vaughn is a graduate of the Georgia Police Academy and the F.B.I. National Academy in Quantico, Virginia and is currently serving as president of the Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police.

As president of the Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police, I have had the Opportunity to travel throughout the State of Georgia and to visit with law enforcement officials during my travels. Having done this, it has become apparent that there are concerns as to the increased narcotics problem, property and violent crimes in rural areas of Georgia, training which meets the needs of our service requirements, and the lack of compensation of law enforcement officers throughout the state.
In addressing these problems I would like to state that law enforcement cannot bare the sole responsibility of curbing the abuses and violations associated with narcotics and dangerous drugs. The public, through their various private institutions (home, business, church, etc.), have got to make a concerted effort to discourage the use of narcotics, thereby decreasing the demand. There is no question that narcotics suppliers cater to the wants and needs of the users.
The publicity surrounding violent crimes in rural settings of Georgia is a reflection of acts which are perceived, and in fact are, a critical problem in this state at present, although we are trying to address violent crimes perpetrated by the

traveling criminal through instruments such as the Georgia State Intelligence Network, it is a concern of mine that we do not adequately educate the public in areas of crime prevention. A heightened public awareness, combined with a strong law enforcement information network, can deter and aid in the detection and apprehension of these criminals.
The compensation of law enforcement officers in comparison to the training, education, experience and professionalism that the citizens of the State of Georgia demand, is a completely negative contrast. The critical problem of low pay must be addressed by our local governments in order for them to continue to attract and retain professional law enforcement officers. It is my sincere belief that Georgia receives the best possible law enforcement because of the dedication and sense of duty of these men and women and in spite of their outrageously low pay.
In closing, I feel confident that our citizens, through their various government officials, will work to find solutions to these critical problems which I have mentioned as long as we in law enforcement are willing to keep them informed and continue to require their help.

GARY McCONNELL
President, Georgia Sheriff's Association
Sheriff Gary McConnell of Chattooga County is the 1985-86 President of the Georgia Sheriffs' Association. He has served in law enforcement since 1965. In 1967, when he was 21 years old, McConnell was elected Sheriff serving until 1977. He was reelected again in 1980and took office January 1, 1981. Sheriff McConnell has been a resident of Chattooga County
all of his life spending only a few years away while he attended
Mississippi State University.

Crime in the United States is recognized as one of our nation's most serious problems.
Drugs are taking a tremendous toll on our children and our society. White collar crime is becoming more costly. Our jails and prisons are overflowing. Criminals are being paroled earlier and four out of every five are returning to our prisons.
Small towns and rural counties no longer have the luxury of a crime-free community. The crime that once was concentrated in urban areas has moved to every area of Georgia.
And along with the crime comes its sophistication. Law enforcement is having to deal with big money, high-powered weapons and experienced criminals.
We face a criminal element that continues to work against us and the only way I see to combat this is through cooperation of all law enforcement, training, and better pay for our law enforcement officers.
It is imperative for law enforcement officers across the state to work together and support each other in our efforts to fight crime. We need cooperation from the federal government as well. Programs such as locals to help locals is an excellent way for our smaller departments to share manpower and equipment.
Next is the idea of training. It must continue to improve. A rural sheriff and an urban sheriff are beginning to face the same problems; therefore they both need to be trained properly-
No longer can you put a badge on a man, send him to a six week school and expect him to know all there is to know about the sophisticated criminal element.

Today's law enforcement officer needs to continually update his training. If for nothing else, this cuts back on the increasing liability we deal with.
The opening of the new Public Safety Training Center shows the positive steps this state has already taken which I hope will continue.
The next matter that needs our full attention is the pay for our law enforcement personnel. I feel this is one of the greatest underlying problems facing law enforcement in Georgia today.
Georgia is among the lowest paying states in America when it comes to law enforcement personnel. When compared with our neighbors - Florida, North and South Carolina, Ten-
nessee, and Alabama - Georgia ranks lowest in the average
salary of police officers.
With today's law enforcement salaries, it becomes necessary for young law enforcement officers to take a part time job just to make ends meet, and that cannot be tolerated.
We cannot afford to lose bright young people to other high paying states or to the private sector. We need the public's understanding and help to upgrade its law enforcement commitment and be assured that its peace officers are paid for the job they are doing.
The Georgia Sheriffs' Association has many ideas for the improvement and professionalizationof law enforcement. We would like to thank Gwenror Joe Frank Harris, Lt. Governor Zell Miller, Speaker Tom Murphy, and all members of the Georgia General Assembly for their help in the past and we look forward to working with them in the improvementof the law enforcement profession.

The greatest need in the criminal justice system is still the need to know. While research into criminal justice issues as well as cooperation, coordination, and sharing of information are probably at an all-time high among Georgia's criminal iustice ag- encies, there still exist some information gaps and duplication of effort. Better coordination of efforts and sharing of information enhances the effectiveness of each agency and each person laboring in our system. The appearance of relatively inexpensive high technology offers much promise in this area, but if we cannot coordinate our efforts toward mutual systemic goals, the decentralized capabilities and capacities offered by the new information technologies could even work aeainst the effectiveness of the svstem.
Another matter of great concern to the criminal justice system is the tragedy of child abuse, especially sexual child abuse. There is probably no other single problem, save perhaps alcohol and drug abuse. which is the root cause of so many long-term criminal activities and so much human tragedy. There has been much recent interest in the General Assembly in this crucial area and a number of new legislative initiatives to address the problem have resulted.
Last year, at the request of the General Assembly, the Judicial Council devised a recommended procedure for establishing protocols for the coordination of services by local agencies which handle child abuse cases. This is one example of current cooperative efforts at problem solving. Other measures modify court and evidentiary procedures for these cases so as to reduce the trauma to the child victims.
In Georgia's Superior Courts, for the second year in a row, open caseload has been reduced, even though the rate of filings has increased. After decreasing since FY 1981, criminal filings in the Superior Courts increased by over five percent in FY 1985. Despite this increase, the number of criminal case dispositions in FY 1985 was 99%of the number of FY 1985 filings. Moreover. estimated processing times continued to decline in each of the three most timeconsuming case types - felonies, domestic relations, and general civil.

ROBERT L. DOSS, JR.
Director, Administrative Office of the Courts
Mr. Doss received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Economics and a Master of Science degree in Criminal Justice and Urban Affairs from Georgia State University. He is also a Certified Graduate Fellow of the Institute for Court Management. He sewed in the United States Army in the Vietnam conflict.
He began his career in judicial administration while attending graduate school by working with the Civil Court of Fulton County. He then became Assistant Research Director for Governor Carter's Commission on Judicial Processes. He came to the Administrative Office of the Courts in July, 1973, as Assistant Director and has served as Director since September, 1975.
In the Juvenile Courts, there was a 20% increase in filings in FY 1985. Some of the reasons for this increase include improved record keeping, focus of the criminal justice community on the issues of physical and sexual child abuse, and public concern over violent juvenile offenders.
In 1985, the General Assembly created the Gwenror's Judicial Process Review Commission to examine Georgia's judicial system in order to determine its existing and future needs and to insure its ability to serve Georgia's citizens now and in the foreseeable future. The report of the Commission, Justice 2000, is a blueprint for the needs of our judicial system for the next 20 years.
The Constitutionof 1983authorizes the Supreme Court with the advice and consent of the councils of judges of affected courts to "adopt and publish uniform court rules and record keeping rules which shall provide for the speedy, efficient, and inexpensive resolution of disputes and prosecutions". These rules, which were effective July 1, 1985, are a major achievement in increasing the uniformity and efficiency of the court system. The introduction of horizontal and vertical uniformity in the courts should eliminate costly duplication, promote consistency in court procedures, and facilitate prompt disposition of cases.
These new uniform rules provide for the first time that juvenile courts in all 159 counties will submit caseload on a case-by-case basis on uniform forms or through a computer network. The rules also require for the first time that the magistrate courts submit summary activity reports on a quarterly basis. In both of these areas, our understanding of the types of litigation being handled should now be greatly improved.
Current coordination of the efforts of Georgia's criminal justice agencies seems to be at a new high, thanks in part to new technologies, but mainly due to increased professionalism and a spirit of cooperation and mutual effort toward the most effective possible protection of Georgia citizens' persons and property, which is the paramount duty of government.

GLENN THOMAS, JR.
Chairman, Prosecuting Attorneys' Council
Glenn Thomas, Jr. received his B.A. Degree from Georgia Southern College and an L.L.B. Degree from the Atlanta Law School.
After being in private law practice for five years, he was appointed District Attorney for the Brunswick Judicial Circuit. He is currently in his nineteenth year of service in this capacity. He is also serving as Chairman of the Prosecuting Attorneys' Council (PAC) of Georgia.

I consider the following items to be the most critical problems facing the criminal justice system today, and these are: adequately trained local police officers, investigators for the district attorneys, additional assistant district attorneys for each judicial circuit, and "equal jury" strikes for successful prosecution.
Today, we have basically the same problems my predecessors had in a noticeable lack of adequately trained police officers, in spite of their required training and certification. To be sure, we have good, dedicated police officers who would quickly give their life to duty; yet they have great difficulty drawing up a "search warrant" and writing up police investigative reports. Many times I have said, "If the police do their jobs, then my job is an absolute dream". Hopefully, the solution will be higher salaries, increased educational requirements, and more in-service training. I do note that our officers are not trained nearly enough for courtroom demeanor, and there is no question in my mind that a jury looks to the quality, appearance, and demeanor of the police officer testifying from the witness stand as a big factor in deciding guilt of the accused.
I strongly support the idea of each district attorney in Georgia having at least one and hopefully more investigators who work directly for the district attorney to help expedite subpoenas, reports, witnesses' statements, and checking prospective juror lists. I believe in working with the local sheriff of each of my five counties, and I feel an investigator for each circuit in the state would be a great help, especially in the rural sections of Georgia where there are multiple counties within the circuit. I understand that legislation to implement this idea is forthcoming, and I urge all legislators to help their district

attorneys by giving us this needed assistance for prosecution.
Under today's trend of complicated laws and "red tape requirements" for prosecution, every district attorney needs at least one additional assistant to help with the increasing requirementsof appearing in juvenile court and other required prosecution areas. How about the cost? Why doesn't someone check to find out what large sums of money are being paid to staff assistant attorneys general in each circuit to assist the welfare departments? Why couldn't these duties be given
additional assistant district attorney's? Yes - we need them,
and yes we can save some Georgia tax dollars. The increased efficiency of your district attorney's office will result in better prosecution and greater success in fighting the criminal element in Georgia.
Well, "equal strikes" for trial juries in criminal cases has been discussed and rediscussed with some supporting legislation; however, the issue is always delayed because of other more paramount issues, such as salaries and others. "Equal strikes" have been promised the district attorneys of Georgia by several governors; yet there has been no change from allowing the defendant to strike twenty (20)jurors in a felony case and the state only ten (10). Actually under the jury selection process, the state has to accept or strike (excuse)the prospectivejuror first (before the defense), and thereby gives or allows the defendant more than twenty (20) strikes. Every district attorney supports "equal strikes"; the one hundred fifty-nine (159) counties of Georgia could save millions of dollars in juror pay each year - if this legislation were passed by the General Assembly. What's good for the goose is good for the
gander. It's time for this change - victims of Georgia crimes need this help - let us push now.

DAVID C. EVANS, COMMISSIONER
Georgia Department of Corrections
Commissioner Evans was educated at Georgia State University and East Tennessee State University. He began his career with the State of Georgia in 1965 working in key positions with the Georgia State Budget Bureau, Department of Human Resources. Mr. Evans has served as Commissioner for the Department of Corrections since 1976.

Prison riots and hostage situations in West Virginia and Michigan. An explosive increase in the inmate population nationwide. Prisoners sleeping in hallways, on tables, in tents in exercise yards. Not a pleasant scenario as it appears and reappears on television across the nation.
Fortunately Georgia has not been the subject of these negative news reports. In fact, the national news networks and political and corrections officials from other states and some foreign countries have been coming to our state to study what we have done in building what has come to be viewed as a model corrections system.
Georgia has achieved this enviable position through the cooperative efforts of the governor, the legislature, and the various elements of the criminal justice system. With input and support from these areas of state and local government, the Department of Corrections has been able to meet the challenge.
Our approach has been one of consistent, long-range construction coupled with the development of programs offering alternatives to incarceration. This balanced approach

has allowed us to avoid getting into a situation such as the one in California where 1.5 billion dollars in prison construction funds are now being expended.
Key to our success is the role played by our employees. People
make programs work. Well trained, properly motivated people make programs work successfully. Realizing this, we are committed to providing excellence in training and employee development programs. The result has been the birth of an esprit de corps among GDC staff reflecting their dedication to the department's mission and providing positive evidence that they are doing more than just filling a work day, they are truly involved in and enjoying their work and are contributing greatly to the achievement of our agency's objectives.
However, there are no easy solutions. We must continue to deal with today's problems and anticipate tomorrow's challenges. The same cooperative effort that has brought us to where we are now will continue to be needed as we face the future.

WAYNE SNOW, JR.
Chairman, State Board of Pardons and Paroles
Mr. Snow received an A.B. Degree from the University of Georgia in 1958and earned his L.L.B. Degree there in 1960. He continues to serve the University as a trustee of its Foundation.
He has served 21 years in the General Assembly; for 11 years he was Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee.
Mr. Snow was appointed to a full seven year term on the five member Board of Pardons and Paroles by the Governor in 1983 and was elected chairman in 1985.

In dealing with criminal oftenders Georgia deservedly has a reputation of being a punitive state. At last count its crime rate among the 50 states was 26th from the top. But this midrange crime rate is outbalanced by the State's per capita prison
population - seventh highest in the Nation.
There is no sign Georgia is getting soft. During the early months of 1986 the Department of Corrections recorded an all-time high number of persons being sentenced to confinement by the courts. Once more the specter of overcrowding threatened to haunt prisons and jails. Again, all eyes turned on the State Board of Pardons and Paroles.
In January 1986 the Parole Board distributed an encouraging Annual Report. It said the Board during the year had "steered a course through relatively calm waters." It reported that Georgia's correctional situation, in comparison with some other states, was an "oasis of responsible action." This is true, but the positive message may have been considered an invitation to send more persons into confinement. I hope not.
Until two new prisons open in 1987, little additional space will become available. In the meantime, the Parole Board will do its part, and we hope courts will use alternatives to confinement in all appropriate cases.
The pressure of prison overcrowding has been compared to hydraulic pressure at the back end. Pressure is inevitably going to be relieved, either through sentencing restraint, parole action, or Federal court intervention.

In 1983 the Parole Board promised it would help keep the prisons full but not overcrowded. In this mission the Board has succeeded. We just have to work at it harder sometimes.
To aid its selection process, the Board uses Parole Decision Guidelines. They weight crime severity, sentence length, and predictive factors from an inmate's offense, the longer he should be confined, and recommend that the more likely he would violate parole, the longer he should be confined. This guides the board to keep physically dangerous inmates and career criminals behind bars longest of all while selecting the least serious offenders and best risks for earlier parole.
The Board's selectivity is shown by the fact that 50 percent of the prison population is serving for non-violent offense, but the portion of those paroled who are serving for nonviolent offenses is 85 percent.
When other components of the criminal justice system help relieve pressure on the prisons, they deserve credit, too. The Parole Board applauds the start-up of intensive probation programs and probation diversion centers. It applauds district attorneys who recommend and judges who use alternatives to placing less serious offenders behind bars. The Board appreciates all the help it gets.

MINUARD C. (Mickey) McGUIRE
Director, Governor's Office of Highway Safety
Mr. McGuire received his Bachelor of Arts Degree from Talladega College in Alabama and his Master of Science Degree in Urban and Regional Planning from Florida State University in Tallahassee.
Mr. McGuire began his career with the State of Georgia in 1973 and was appointed by the Governor as Director of the Governor's Office of Highway Safety in 1983.

The incidence of crime and criminal behavior are generally examined when discussing problems facing the criminal justice system. Often overlooked, yet no less a concern in efforts to protect the citizens of Georgia, is the problem of fatalities, injuries and property damage resulting from motor vehicle accidents that occur in our State.
Each year Georgia experiences an average of over 160,000 motor vehicle accidents, resulting in 1,300 fatalities and 60,000 injuries. Placed in perspective, this represents a motor vehicle accident every three minutes, a resulting injury every nine minutes, and a motor vehicle death every seven hours OF EACH DAY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
Public recognition of the responsibility placed upon law enforcement, the courts and the correctional system to protect our citizens against the violent crimes of murder, rape and robbery tends to de-emphasize the magnitude and pevasiveness of the motor vehicle-related problem existing within the criminal justice community. The ripple effect generated by efforts to reduce the number of deaths, injuries and amount of property damage attributed annually to motor vehicle accidents is evidenced by increased traffic-related law enforcement arrests, resulting increases in traffic-related docket entries for administration by the courts, and continuous pressure to house prisoners either sentenced by the courts, or awaiting trial for these offenses, within State correctional facilities, and county or municipal jails that are already at or near capacity.

Recent successes experienced by our State concerning driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs confirms the criminal justice system's ability to coordinate statewide resources in attacking motor vehicle related problems facing Georgia citizens. Significant factors attributed to the success of DUI efforts included passage of DUI and related laws, creation of the Governor's Safety Council chaired by Georgia's First Lady, Mrs. Elizabeth Harris, with corresponding implementation of a DUI public awareness campaign, increased enforcement by Georgia's Sheriffs, Chiefs and State Patrol, administration of DUI laws by the courts, increased coverage of DUI issues by the media, and training provided to prosecutors, judges and law enforcement personnel in methods of DUI detection and adjudication.
Utilizing this coordinated approach, other areas for emphasis by the criminaljustice community in reducing the loss of lives and incidence of injuries caused by motor vehicle accidents include: creation.and maintenance of traffic records, examination of traffic engineering methods for accident reduction, enforcement of the 55 mile per hour speed limit, and the need to achieve significant increases in utilization of child safety seats and seat belts to protect the occupants of motor vehicles.
Georgia citizens are our State's greatest resource.
The challenge to develop and administer coordinated solutions to problems associated with the protection of Georgia citizens requires no less than our best collective efforts. We join our colleagues throughout the criminal justice community in a continuous commitment to meet this challenge.

VI APPENDIX

Appendix DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
In order to control for population differences, and thus make descriptions and comparisons between jurisdictions and over time more accurate and meaningful, Part I crimes and arrests are often expressed as a rate, i.e., specifically, the number of crimes or arrests reported for each 100,000 people.
Formula for calculating crime and arrrest rates:

Crime (arrest)

rate for

=

Number

of

crimes

(arrests)

jurisdiction or group

Total population of jurisdiction o r group

The necessity of controlling for population differences can be seen in the following example. In 1983, Any County reported 95 murders, while Other County had 53. On the basis of this fact alone, a casual observer would probably conclude that murder is much more of a problem in Any County than Other County, there being twice as many. Such a conclusion would not be accurate, however, because the populations of the two counties were not considered. Suppose that Any County has 150,000people, yielding a murder rate per 100,000 people of 63.3, while Other County's population is only 40,000, producing a murder rate per 100,000 people of 132.5. Clearly, other factors must be considered; however, the rate allows for general comparisons between jurisdictions.

Another measure, the annual percent change in the number or rate of Part I crimes or arrests, is a comparative statistic useful for identifying trends in yearly data.

Formula for calculating percent change:

Percent change over = X2-x1

previous year

X1

Where: X1 = Number, rate of crimes, arrests in previous year X2 = Number, rate of crimes, arrests in present year.

POPULATION PROJECTIONS
County and statewide population figures used in Georgia Criminal Justice Data are based on projections for 1990 population made by the Georgia Office of Planning and Budget (OPB). Population estimates for 1981-1985are based upon the 1990 projection and the 1980 U.S. Census figures. The following formula is used for each year:
1984 Population = [(I990 Estimate - 1980 Census Population) x Y] + 1980
population
Where: Y = 0.5 for 1985 (.4 for 1984 etc.)
The following population estimates were used for each county in 1985:

COUNTY Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel

1985 Population Estimate 16,714 6,366 9,920 3,928 37,994 9,367 23,375 43,806 17,518 14,292 156,087 10,996 10,034 16,081 12,398 36,784 20,570 14,998 5,599 14,466 7,901 61,269 40,243 8,136 211,804 22,647 22,135 63,724 77,803 3,719 171,054 6,812 336,517 28,722 36,847 51,117 14,064 42,497 9,013 20,496 13,134 5,259 27,141 512,567 17,450 11,293 108,328 69,281 13,730 2,459 20,715 19,483 22,058

COUNTY Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln
Long Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie McIntosh Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee

1985 Population Estimate 8,892 15,136 45,909 81,576 33,408 15,940 615,938 11,918 2,453 57,472 32,522 20,850 12,168 23 1,529 26,596 82,058 9,983 19,183 17,575 19,452 7,116 44,997 84,450 9,445 27,030 8,590 12,340 19,146 9,264 9,053 18,935 12,891 5,916 39,331 15,144 46,804 7,167 5,115 73,275 11,493 14,794 19,665 5,450 20,029 8,431 22,244 7,383 22,465 16,344 7,234 12,487 22,932 177.132

COUNTY Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaslu Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth
1985 Total

11985 Population Estimate 38,142 15,183 9,499 30,474 20,914 12,388 13,099 10,072 33,394 9,388 11,302 2,440 11,131 10,197 194,757 48,255 3,618 14,957 9,942 5 1,422 22,155 5,800 30,915 6,704 1,967 19,522 8,042 11,648 12,593 40,247 35,433 24,179 5,956 6,312 52,531 9,989 10,011 10,362 26,761 58,145 35,117 38,844 6,744 19,830 22,098 2,412 5,448 10,963 69,766 8,021 11,439 11,003 19,672

Georgia Crime Information Center P.O. Box 370748 Decatur, Georgia 30037-0748