2005 Georgia student health survey report

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

Acknowledgements
Georgia Department of Human Resources B.J. Walker, Commissioner
Division of Public Health Stuart T. Brown, M.D., Director
Epidemiology Branch Susan Lance, D.V.M., Ph.D., Director
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Branch Kimberly Redding, M.D., M.P.H., Director
Family Health Branch Rosalyn Bacon, M.P.H., Director
Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, and Addictive Diseases Gwendolyn B. Skinner, Director
Office of Prevention Services and Programs Brenda Rowe, Ph.D., M.S.W., M.P.A., Director
Office of Addictive Diseases Travis Fretwell, MAC, NCAC II, CCS State Addictive Diseases Program Specialist/Tobacco Prevention Coordinator
Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools
Learning Support Division Phil Hulst, Director
ORC Macro
Applied Research Division James G. Ross, M.S., Senior Vice President Katherine H. Flint, M.A., Technical Director Lori A. Gross, M.H.S., Technical Writer Courtney N. Mooney, M.A., Technical Writer
The 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey is funded in part by a grant from Healthcare Georgia Foundation. Created in 1999 as an independent, private foundation, the Foundation's mission is to advance the health of all Georgians and to expand access to affordable, quality healthcare for underserved individuals and communities.
The 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey is also funded in part by Cooperative Agreement Number 422649 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Graphic Design: Jimmy Clanton, Jr.
Suggested Citation: Kanny D. 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, May 2006. Publication Number: DPH06/076HW.

Acknowledgements

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

i

Table of Contents
Summary ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Middle School Findings Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Weopon Carrying and Violent Behaviors .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Tobacco Use ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Alcohol and Other Drug Use ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Initiation of Smoking and Drinking .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Obesity ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Weight Loss Practices ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Dietary Behaviors ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Nutritional Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Physical Activity ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Physical Education ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Sedentary Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 High School Findings Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries .................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Drinking and Driving .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Weapon Carrying ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Violent Behaviors ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19 Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

Table of Contents

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

ii

Table of Contents (cont'd)
Tobacco Use ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Alcohol Use ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Current Drug Use ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 Lifetime Drug Use ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Drug Transactions at School ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use ................................................................................................................................................... 26 Obesity ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Weight Loss Practices ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Dietary Behaviors ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Nutritional Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Physical Activity ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Physical Education ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Sedentary Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Appendices Appendix A:
National Health Objectives and Leading Health Indicators from Healthy People 2010 Measured by the Georgia Student Health Survey, 2005 ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Appendix B: Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Appendix C: Survey Questions ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39 Appendix D: Detailed Data Tables for Middle School and High School Students 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey ................................................... 44

Table of Contents

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

iii

Summary
Some behaviors pose immediate threats to health (e.g., drinking and driving); others are more closely related to long-term threats to health (e.g., physical inactivity). The 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey provides information about both immediate and long-term threats to health among middle and high school students in Georgia, including unintentional injuries, violence, suicide, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, initiation of risk behaviors, obesity, weight loss practices, dietary behaviors, nutritional behaviors, physical activity, physical education, and sedentary behaviors.
With respect to 17 health behaviors that are targeted in the national public health objectives for 2010 (Healthy People 2010, see Appendix A), Georgia high school students are meeting only one objective, riding with a drunk dirvier in the past 30 days (26.7% vs. U.S. objective of 30%), and are within 1-2% of the national objective for three objectives: seat belt use (90.4% vs. U.S. objective of 92%), physical fighting in the past 12 months (33.8% vs. U.S. objective of 32%), and cigarette use in the past 30 days (17.2% vs. U.S. objective of 16%).
From 2003 to 2005, there has been no substantial change among middle school students with respect to their health behaviors. Among high school students, however, there has been a significant decrease from 12% to 6% in the percentage of high school students who rarely or never wear a seat belt when driving a car.

Summary

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

iv

Introduction
Many of the behaviors that put adults at elevated risk for disease and death are initiated in adolescence, including tobacco use, physical inactivity, poor dietary habits, and behaviors that can result in unintentional injuries and violence. In Georgia, 80 percent of all deaths among youth and young adults aged 1019 years result from only four causes motor vehicle crashes (37%), other unintentional injuries (19%), homicide (12%), and suicide (12%). Among adults 25 years of age and older, 49 percent of all deaths in Georgia result from heart disease (26%) and cancer (23%). Tobacco use, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet contribute to heart disease, many cancers, and other chronic diseases. These behaviors are all subject to prevention or modification among school-aged children.
To monitor priority health-risk behaviors that put youth at risk for the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and social problems, the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, in collaboration with the Georgia Department of Education, conducted the 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey among students enrolled in sample of public middle school and high schools, statewide. A total of 1,923 middle school students and 1,755 high school students participated in the 2005 survey. Topics covered by the survey include unintentional injuries and violence, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, dietary behaviors, and physical activity. By monitoring these behaviors, Georgia can assess the overall progress of programs and policies to reduce the behaviors that put youth at risk for developing what are, by and large, preventable health problems.
This report summarizes results from the 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey. A detailed description of the survey population and the survey methods including criteria for determining whether differences in populations were "significant", are provided in Appendix B. Detailed data tables are presented in Appendix D and the survey questions are presented in Appendix C.

Introduction

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

1

Middle School Findings

Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries
Percent of middle school students who:
Rarely or never wear a seatbelt 8% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Rarely or never wear a bicycle helmet 75% - Significantly more Black students than White students rarely or never wear a bicycle helmet.
Rarely or never wear a helmet while rollerblading or skateboarding 73% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Have ever ridden in a car with a drunk driver 32% - 7th and 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have ridden in a car with a drunk driver.

Percent

Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Sex

Male Female

100

80

76 73

75 71

60

40

34 31

20

11 6

0

Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Ever Ride with Seatbelt Bicycle Helmet Rollerblade Drunk Driver Helmet

Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

Percent

100

87

79

80

64

60

40

20

7 9 12

0

Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Seatbelt Bicycle Helmet

* Data not presented, n < 100.

79 70
* Rarely/Never Rollerblade
Helmet

35 29 39
Ever Ride with Drunk Driver

Percent

Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Grade

6th 7th 8th

100

80

70 78 78

77 77 67

60

40

20

9 7 10

25 33 39

0

Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Ever Ride with Seatbelt Bicycle Helmet Rollerblade Drunk Driver Helmet

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

2

Weapon Carrying and Violent Behaviors
Percent of middle school students who:
Have ever carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club 35% - Significantly more male students than female students have ever carried a weapon. - White students are significantly more likely than Black or Hispanic students to have ever carried a weapon. - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have ever carried a weapon.
Have ever been in a physical fight 62% - Significantly more male students than female students have ever been in a physical fight. - Significantly more Black students than White or Hispanic students have ever been in a physical fight.
Have ever been in a physical fight resulting in a medically-treated injury 7% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.

Percent

Weopon Carrying and Violent Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

100

80

60

41

40

28 31

20

0

Ever Carry a W eapon

72

53

57

Ever Been in a Physical Fight

6 6 11
Ever Been in a Physical Fight and
Injured

Percent

Percent

Weapon Carrying and Violent Behaviors by Sex

Male Female

100

80

60

50

40 19
20

0

Ever Carry a W eapon

75 47

Ever Been in a Physical Fight

85
Ever Been in a Physical Fight and
Injured

Weapon Carrying and Violent Behaviors by Grade

6th 7th 8th

100

80

60

42

40

30 33

20

0

Ever Carry a W eapon

57 63 64

Ever Been in a Physical Fight

586
Ever Been in a Physical Fight and
Injured

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

3

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors
Percent of middle school students who:
Have ever seriously thought about killing themselves 20% - Female students are significantly more likely than male students to have ever seriously thought about killing themselves. - 7th and 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have ever seriously thought about killing themselves.
Have ever made a plan for killing themselves 12% - Significantly more female students than male students have ever made a plan for killing themselves.
Have ever attempted suicide 8% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.

Percent

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Sex

Male Female

50

40

30

24

20

17

10

0

Ever Seriously Thought About
Suicide

10 14
Ever Made a Plan About Suicide

6 10
Ever Attempted Suicide

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

21 18 23

20

10

0

Ever Seriously Thought About
Suicide

12 11 11
Ever Made a Plan About Suicide

13 78
Ever Attempted Suicide

Percent

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Grade

6th 7th 8th

50

40

30

22 24

20

15

10

0

Ever Seriously Thought About

Suicide

9 13 13

689

Ever Made a Plan About Suicide

Ever Attempted Suicide

Percent

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

4

Tobacco Use
Percent of middle school students who:
Smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days 7% - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days.
Used smokeless tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days 5% - Male students are significantly more likely than female students to have used smokeless tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days.
Used any tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days 10% - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have used tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days.

Percent

Tobacco Use by Sex

Male Female

50

40

30

20 10

86

7

3

13 7

0

Current Cigarette Current Smokeless Current Tobacco Use

Use

Tobacco Use

Tobacco Use by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

20 10

7 6 10

635

12 8 12

0

Current Cigarette Current Smokeless Current Tobacco Use

Use

Tobacco Use

Percent

Tobacco Use by Grade

6th 7th 8th

50

40

30

20 10

4 7 10

447

6 10 14

0

Current Cigarette Current Smokeless Current Tobacco

Use

Tobacco Use

Use

Percent

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

5

Alcohol and Other Drug Use
Percent of middle school students who:
Have ever had a drink of alcohol (other than a few sips) 37% - Significantly more Hispanic students than Black or White students have ever had a drink of alcohol. - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th or 7th graders to have ever had a drink of alcohol.
Have ever used marijuana 9% - Significantly more male students than female students have ever used marijuana. - 7th and 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have ever used marijuana.
Have ever used inhalants 13% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Have ever used steroids 3% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

Percent

100

80

60 40

51 33 40

20

8 10 11

13 13 18

233

0

Lifetime Alcohol Lifetime Lifetime Inhalant Lifetime Steroid

Use

Marijuana Use

Use

Use

Percent

Percent

Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Sex

Male Female

100

80

60 39 35
40 20
0

12 7

13 14

32

Lifetime Alcohol Lifetime Lifetime Inhalant Lifetime Steroid

Use

Marijuana Use

Use

Use

Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Grade

6th 7th 8th 100

80

60

47

37

40 27

20

5 10 13

13 14 13

323

0

Lifetime Alcohol Lifetime Lifetime Inhalant Lifetime Steroid

Use

Marijuana Use

Use

Use

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

6

Initiation of Smoking and Drinking
Percent of middle school students who:
Smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 11 7% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Had their first drink of alcohol (other than a few sips) before age 11 17% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.

Percent

Initiation of Smoking and Drinking by Sex

Male Female

50

40

30

20

10

8

5

0 Smoked Cigarette Before Age 11

19 15
Drank Alcohol Before Age 11

Initiation of Smoking and Drinking by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

20

10

7

5

8

0 Smoked Cigarette Before Age 11

19 22 14
Drank Alcohol Before Age 11

Percent

Initiation of Smoking and Drinking by Grade

6th 7th 8th

50

40

30

20

10

6

6

8

0 Smoked Cigarette Before Age 11

17

18

15

Drank Alcohol Before Age 11

Percent

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

7

Obesity
Percent of middle school students who:
Are obese 16% - Significantly more male students than female students are obese. - Black students are significantly more likely than White or Hispanic students to be obese.
50 40 30 20 10
0

Percent

Obesity by Sex
Male Female
19 12
Are obese

Obesity by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30 21

20

12

11

10

0 Are obese

Percent

Obesity by Grade

6th 7th 8th

50

40

30

20

19

16

13

10

0 Are obese

Percent

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

8

Weight Loss Practice
Percent of middle school students who:
Ever exercised to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight 70% - Female students are significantly more likely than male students to exercise to lose or keep from gaining weight.
Ever ate less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight 46% - Significantly more female students than male students have ever eaten less to lose or keep from gaining weight.

Percent

Weight Loss Practices by Sex

Male Female

100 79
80 61
60
40
20
0 Exercise to Lose Weight

57 36
Eat Less to Lose Weight

Weight Loss Practices by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

100

80

72

66

75

60

40

20

0 Exercise to Lose Weight

48 44 50 Eat Less to Lose Weight

Percent

Weight Loss Practices by Grade

6th 7th 8th

100

80

71 68 70

60

40

20

0 Exercise to Lose Weight

48 44 47 Eat Less to Lose Weight

Percent

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

9

Dietary Behaviors
Percent of middle school students who:
Ever went without eating 24 hours or more to lose weight 17% - Significantly more female students than male students have ever gone without eating for 24 hours or more to lose weight.
Ever took diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight 5% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Ever vomited or took laxatives to lose weight 6% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.

Percent

Dietary Behaviors by Sex

Male Female

50

40

30

20

20

13

10

56

5

7

0

Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. to Vomited/Laxatives to

to Lose Weight

Lose Weight

Lose Weight

Dietary Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

20

17 16 18

10

547

676

0

Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. Vomited/Laxatives to

to Lose Weight

to Lose Weight

Lose Weight

Percent

Dietary Behaviors by Grade

6th 7th 8th

50

40

30

20

16 16 19

10

546

657

0

Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. Vomited/Laxatives to

to Lose Weight

to Lose Weight

Lose Weight

Percent

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

10

Nutritional Behaviors
Percent of middle school students who:
Ate breakfast on all days of the past seven days 42% - Significantly more male students than female students ate breakfast each day of the past week. - 6th graders are significantly more likely than 8th graders to eat breakfast every day.
100 80 60 40 20 0

Percent

Nutritional Behaviors by Sex
Male Female
47 36
Ate Breakfast on All Days of Past Week

Nutritional Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

100

80

60

44

38

44

40

20

0 Ate Breakfast on All Days of Past Week

Percent

Nutritional Behaviors by Grade

6th 7th 8th

100

80

60

48

42

40

35

20

0 Ate Breakfast on All Days of Past Week

Percent

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

11

Physical Activity
Percent of middle school students who:
Exercised or participated in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat or breathe hard on 3 or more of the past 7 days 71% - Significantly more White students than Black or Hispanic students exercised or participated in vigorous physical activity.
100 80 60 40 20 0

Percent

Physical Activity by Sex
Male Female

74

69

Vigorous Physical Activity

Physical Activity by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

100

78

80

65

64

60

40

20

0 Vigorous Physical Activity

Percent

Physical Activity by Grade

6th 7th 8th

100

80

68

75

72

60

40

20

0 Vigorous Physical Activity

Percent

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

12

Physical Education
Percent of middle school students who:
Attend physical education class on one or more days during the week 65% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Attend physical education class daily 35% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Played on some sports teams 54% - White students are significantly more likely than Hispanic students to have played on some sports teams.

Percent

Physical Education by Sex
Male Female

100

80

67 62

60

40

20

0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week

36 34 PE Class Daily

57 50
Played on Sports Team

Percent

Physical Education by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

100

80

65 67

56

60

40

20

0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week

37 34 24
PE Class Daily

58 52 43
Played on Sports Team

Percent

Physical Education by Grade
6th 7th 8th

100

80

65 64 67

60

40

20

0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week

32 34 40 PE Class Daily

54 54 54
Played on Sports Team

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

13

Sedentary Behaviors

Percent of middle school students who:

Watched 3 hours or more of TV per day on an average school day 49% - Significantly more Black students than White or Hispanic students watch 3 hours or more of TV per day on an average school day.

Played video or computer games or used a computer for something

100

that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an average

school day 22%

80

Percent

- Male students are significantly more likely than female students to

have played video or computer games or used a computer for

60

something that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an

40

average school day.

- Significantly more Black students than White students spend 3 hours

20

or more per day on an average school day playing video or computer games or using a computer for something that is not school work.

0

- 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have played

video or computer games or used a computer for something that is

not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an average school

day.

Sedentary Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

Percent

100

100

80

66

80

Percent

60

47

60

40

36

27

40

18

18

20

20

0

0

TV 3+ Hours

Video/Computer 3+ Hours

Sedentary Behaviors by Sex
Male Female

50

48

TV 3+ Hours

28 15
Video/Computer 3+ Hours

Sedentary Behaviors by Grade 6th 7th 8th

48 49 49 TV 3+ Hours

27 19 20 Video/Computer 3+ Hours

Middle School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

14

High School Findings

Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries
Percent of high school students who:
Rarely or never wear a seatbelt while riding in a car 10% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Rarely or never wear a seatbelt while driving a car 6% - Significantly more male students than female students rarely or never wear a seatbelt while driving a car.
Rarely or never wear a bicycle helmet 86% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.

Percent

Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Sex

Male Female

100

90

80 80

60

40

20

11 8

0
Rarely/Never Seatbelt W hile
Riding

9

3

Rarely/Never Seatbelt W hile
Driving

Rarely/Never Bicycle Helmet

Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

100

92

80

80

Percent

60

40

20

10 9 7

0

Rarely/Never Seatbelt While
Riding * Data not presented, n < 100.

655

*

Rarely/Never Seatbelt While
Driving

Rarely/Never Bicycle Helmet

Percent

Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Grade
9th 10th 11th 12th

100

88 87 91

80

71

60

40

20

17 888

0
Rarely/Never Seatbelt W hile
Riding

4 5 6 10

Rarely/Never Seatbelt W hile
Driving

Rarely/Never Bicycle Helmet

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

16

Drinking and Driving
Percent of high school students who:
Rode in a car driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol one or more times in the past 30 days 27% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Drove a car when they had been drinking alcohol one or more times in the past 30 days - 9% - Significantly more White students than Black students have driven a car after drinking. - 11th and 12th graders are significantly more likely than 9th graders to have driven after drinking.

Percent

Drinking and Driving by Sex
Male Female

50

40

30

27

26

20

10

0 Rode With Drunk Driver

11 7
Drove After Drinking

Drinking and Driving by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

28

26

28

20

10

0 Rode With Drunk Driver

12

5

6

Drove After Drinking

Percent

Drinking and Driving by Grade
9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

31

30

26 28 22

20

10

0 Rode With Drunk Driver

19

4

7

9

Drove After Drinking

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

17

Weapon Carrying
Percent of high school students who:
Carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on one or more of the past 30 days 22% - Significantly more male students than female students have carried a weapon in the past 30 days. - Significantly more White students than Black students have carried a weapon in the past 30 days.
Carried a gun on one or more of the past 30 days 8% - Significantly more male students than female students have carried a gun in the past 30 days.

Percent

Weapon Carrying by Sex
Male Female

50

40

33

30

20 11
10

0 Carry a Weapon Past 30 Days

12 4
Carry a Gun Past 30 Days

Weapon Carrying by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

27

27

20

15

10

0 Carry a Weapon Past 30 Days

10 5

7

Carry a Gun Past 30 Days

Percent

Weapon Carrying by Grade
9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

30

23 22

24

19

20

10

0 Carry a Weapon Past 30 Days

12 875 Carry a Gun Past 30 Days

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

18

Violent Behaviors

Percent of high school students who:
Have been in one or more physical fights in the past 12 months 34% - Significantly more male students than female students have been in a physical fight in the past 12 months. - Black students are significantly more likely than White students to have been in a physical fight in the past 12 months. - Significantly more 9th graders than 12th graders have been in a physical fight in the past 12 months.
Have been in one or more physical fights resulting in a medicallytreated injury in the past 12 months - 4% - Significantly more male students than female students have been in a fight in which they were hurt and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse in the past 12 months.
Were ever hit, slapped, or physically hurt on purpose by their boyfriend or girlfriend in the past 12 months - 14% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Violent Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

Percent

50

44

39

40

29

30

20

13 16

9

10

434

0

Physical Fight Past 12 Months

Physical Fight and Dating Violence Past

Injured Past 12

12 Months

Months

Percent

Percent

Violent Behaviors by Sex
Male Female

50

43

40

30

25

20

15 13

10

52

0

Physical Fight Past Physical Fight and Dating Violence Past

12 Months

Injured Past 12

12 Months

Months

Violent Behaviors by Grade
9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

40

32 34

30

26

25

20

11 12 12

10

4343

0

Physical Fight Past 12 Months

Physical Fight and Dating Violence Past

Injured Past 12

12 Months

Months

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

19

Percent Sad/Hopeless Almost Every
Day Seriously Thought About Suicide Made a Plan About Suicide
Attempted Suicide
Attempted Suicide and
Injured

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors

Percent of high school students who:

Ever felt so sad/hopeless every day for 2+ weeks they stopped usual activities 29% - Significantly more female students than male students have ever felt so sad/hopeless they stopped their usual activities.

Seriously thought about suicide in the past 12 months 17%

- Significantly more female students than male students have seriously 5 0

thought about suicide.

40

-10th graders are significantly more likely than 11th graders to have

30

seriously thought about suicide.

20

10

Made a plan for suicide in the past 12 months 15%

0

- There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/

ethnic groups, or grades.

Attempted suicide one or more times in the past 12 months - 8% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ ethnic groups, or grades.

Attempted suicide in the past 12 months resulting in a medicallytreated injury - 2% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Sex M ale F em ale

36 22

23 11

18 12

5 10

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Grade
9th 10th 11th 12th

22

Percent

50

42

40

31

30 26

20

18 15 18

16 14 12

10

0

Sad/Hopeless Seriously Made a Plan

Almost Every Thought About About Suicide

Day

Suicide

* Data not presented, n < 100.

High School Findings

6 10 *
Attempted Suicide

13 *
Attempted Suicide and
Injured

Percent

50

40 30

29 32 29 26

20

16 20 13 21

21 13 14 13

10

0

Sad/Hopeless Seriously Made a Plan

Almost Every Thought About About Suicide

Day

Suicide

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

9867
Attempted Suicide

2323
Attempted Suicide and
Injured
20

Tobacco Use
Percent of high school students who:
Smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days 17% - Significantly more White students than Black students smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days.
Used smokeless tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days 7% - Significantly more male students than female students used smokeless tobacco in the past 30 days. - White students are significantly more likely than Black or Hispanic students to have used smokeless tobacco in the past 30 days.
Used any tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days 24% - Significantly more male students than female students used some form of tobacco in the past 30 days. - White students are significantly more likely than Black students to have used some form of tobacco in the past 30 days. - Significantly more 12th graders than 9th graders used some form of tobacco in the past 30 days.

Percent

Tobacco Use by Sex

Male Female

50

40

30

20

19 15

10

0 Current Cigarette Use

12 2
Current Smokeless Tobacco Use

29 19
Current Tobacco Use

Tobacco Use by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

Percent

50

40

30

22

20

10

10

*

0

Current Cigarette Use

*Data not presented, n<100

12 23
Current Smokeless Tobacco Use

30 17 *
Current Tobacco Use

Percent

Tobacco Use by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

30

20 23

20

14 15

10

0 Current Cigarette Use

5 10 6 8
Current Smokeless Tobacco Use

33 27 19 22
Current Tobacco Use

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

21

Alcohol Use
Percent of high school students who:
Ever had at least one drink of alcohol during their life 73% - Significantly more White students than Black students have ever had a drink of alcohol during their life. - 11th and 12th graders are significantly more likely than 9th graders to have ever had a drink of alcohol. 12th graders are also significantly more likely than 10th graders to have ever had a drink of alcohol.
Had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more of the past 30 days 40% - Significantly more White students than Black students have drunk alcohol in the past 30 days. -11th and 12th graders are significantly more likely than 9th graders to have drunk alcohol in the past 30 days.
Had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (within a couple of hours) on one or more of the past 30 days 21% - Significantly more White students than Black or Hispanic students reported binge drinking in the past 30 days. - 11th and 12th graders are significantly more likely than 9th graders to report binge drinking in the past 30 days.
Alcohol Use by Race/Ethnicity

Percent

White Black Hispanic

100

80

76 69 78

60

46

40

40

31

20

0

Lifetime Alcohol Use Current Alcohol Use

29 10 15
Current Binge Drinking

Percent

Percent

Alcohol Use by Sex

Male Female

100

80

71 75

60

39 41

40

20

0 Lifetime Alcohol Use Current Alcohol Use

22 20
Current Binge Drinking

Alcohol Use by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

100 80

65 70 78 86

60

40

46 51 31 38

20

0 Lifetime Alcohol Use Current Alcohol Use

33 13 21 22
Current Binge Drinking

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

22

Current Drug Use
Percent of high school students who:
Have used marijuana on one or more of the past 30 days 19% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Have used cocaine on one or more of the past 30 days 3% - Significantly more White students than Black students have used cocaine in the past 30 days.

Percent

Current Drug Use by Sex

Male Female 50

40

30

20

20

17

10
0 Current Marijuana Use

4

2

Current Cocaine Use

Current Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

20

18

20

15

10

0 Current Marijuana Use

4

1

4

Current Cocaine Use

Percent

Current Drug Use by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

30 20

16 19 23 20

10

0 Current Marijuana Use

2533 Current Cocaine Use

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

23

Lifetime Drug Use

Percent of high school students who:
Have ever used inhalants 15% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Have ever used heroin 4% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Have ever used methamphetamines 6% - Significantly more White students than Black students have ever used methamphetamines.
Have ever used ecstasy 5% - Significantly more White students than Black students have ever used ecstasy.
Have ever used steroids 4% - Significantly more White students than Hispanic students have ever used steroids.

Percent

Lifetime Drug Use by Sex

Male Female

50

40

30

20

17 13

10

44

67

64

53

0

Lifetime Inhalant Use Lifetime Heroin Use

Lifetime

Lifetime Ecstacy Use Lifetime Steroid Use

Methamphetamine

Use

Lifetime Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

19

20

10 13

10

623

10 24

735

531

0

Lifetime Inhalant Lifetime Heroin Use

Lifetime

Lifetime Ecstacy Lifetime Steroid Use

Use

Methamphetamine

Use

Use

Percent

Lifetime Drug Use by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

30 21
20 15 13 11
10

13 132

10 476

5655

3733

0

Lifetime Inhalant Use

Lifetime Heroin Use

Lifetime

Methamphetamine

Use

Lifetime Ecstacy Lifetime Steroid Use Use

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

24

Drug Transactions at School
Percent of high school students who:
Were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property in the past 12 months 31% - Significantly more male students than female students have been offered, sold, or given drugs on school property in the past 12 months. - Hispanic students are significantly more likely than Black or White students to have been offered, sold, or given drugs on school property in the past 12 months

Percent

Drug Transactions at School by Sex

Male Female

50

40

34

30

27

20

10

0 Offered, Sold, or Given Illegal Drugs on School Property

Drug Transactions at School by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

48 50

40

29

30

30

20

10

0 Offered, Sold, or Given Illegal Drugs on School Property

Percent

Drug Transactions at School by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

29

32

32

31

30

20

10

0 Offered, Sold, or Given Illegal Drugs on School Property

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

25

Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use

Percent of high school students who:
Smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13 15% - Significantly more male students than female students smoked a whole cigarette before age 13. - Hispanic students are significantly more likely than Black students to have smoked a whole cigarette before age 13.
Had their first drink of alcohol (other than a few sips) before age 13 27% - Significantly more Hispanic students than White students had their first drink of alcohol before age 13. - 9th graders are significantly more likely than 10th or 11th graders to have had their first drink of alcohol before age 13.
Tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 8% - Significantly more male students than female students tried marijuana for the first time before age 13.

Percent

Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use by Sex

Male Female

50

40

30

18

20

12

10

29 25

0

Smoked Cigarette Drank Alcohol Before

Before Age 13

Age 13

11 5
Tried Marijuana Before Age 13

Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

22

20

16 12

10

41
29 23

797

0

Smoked Cigarette Drank Alcohol Before Tried Marijuana

Before Age 13

Age 13

Before Age 13

Percent

Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

30

20

18 13 15 12

10

33 23 23 26

10 8 7 8

0

Smoked Cigarette Drank Alcohol Before Tried Marijuana

Before Age 13

Age 13

Before Age 13

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

26

Obesity
Percent of high school students who: Are obese 12% - Significantly more Black students than White students are obese.
50 40 30 20 10
0

Percent

Obesity by Sex
Male Female
15 10
Are obese

Obesity by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

20

16

17

10

10

0 Are obese

Percent

Obesity by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

30

20

14

14

11

10

10

0 Are obese

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

27

Weight Loss Practices
Percent of high school students who:
Exercised to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight during the past 30 days 59% - Significantly more female students than male students have exercised to lose or keep from gaining weight in the past 30 days. - Significantly more White students than Black students have exercised to lose or keep from graining weight in the past 30 days.
Ate less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight during the past 30 days 37% - Female students are significantly more likely than male students to eat less to lose or keep from gaining weight. - White and Hispanic students are significantly more likely than Black students to eat less to lose or keep from gaining weight.

Percent

Weight Loss Practices by Sex

Male Female

100

80

69

60

49

40

20

0 Exercise to Lose Weight

51 23
Eat Less to Lose Weight

Weight Loss Practices by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

100

80

64

68

60

52

40

20

0 Exercise to Lose Weight

43

45

27

Eat Less to Lose Weight

Percent

Weight Loss Practices by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

100

80 60

62 61 55 55

40

20

0 Exercise to Lose Weight

35 34 41 39 Eat Less to Lose Weight

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

28

Dietary Behaviors
Percent of high school students who:
Went without eating 24 hours or more to lose weight in the past 30 days 12% - Female students are significantly more likely than male students to go without eating 24 hours or more to lose weight.
Took diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight in the past 30 days 7% - Significantly more White students than Black students took diet pills, powders, or liquids to lose weight in the past 30 days.
Vomited or took laxatives to lose weight in the past 30 days 5% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.

Percent

Dietary Behaviors by Sex

Male Female

50

40

30

20

15

8 10

58

47

0

Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. Vomited/Laxatives to

to Lose Weight

to Lose Weight

Lose Weight

Dietary Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

50

40

30

20

20

13 9

10

9 44

556

0

Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. to Vomited/Laxatives to

to Lose Weight

Lose Weight

Lose Weight

Percent

Dietary Behaviors by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

50

40

30

20

13 10 13 9

10

5768

6456

0

Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. Vomited/Laxatives to

to Lose Weight

to Lose Weight

Lose Weight

Percent

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

29

Nutritional Behaviors

Percent of high school students who:
Drank 100% fruit juice one or more times in the past 7 days 79% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Ate 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day in the past 7 days 18% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades.
Drank 3 or more glasses of milk per day in the past 7 days 11% - Significantly more male students than female students drank 3 or more glasses of milk per day in the past 7 days. - White students are significantly more likely than Black students to have drunk 3 or more glasses of milk per day in the past 7 days.
Ate breakfast on all days of the past seven days 31% - Significantly more male students than female students ate breakfast each day of the past week. - White students are significantly more likely than Black students to eat breakfast every day.
Nutritional Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

Percent

100

76 82 81

80

60 40 20

15 21 17

14 9 8

37 23 29

0

Drank 100% Ate 5+ Servings Drank 3+

Ate Breakfast

Fruit Juice of Fruits and Glasses of Milk on All Days of

Vegetables

Past Week

Percent

Percent

Nutritional Behaviors by Sex

Male Female

100

80 78

80

60

40

20

0

Drank 100%

Fruit Juice

20 16

16 6

35 27

Ate 5+ Servings of Fruits and Vegetables

Drank 3+ Ate Breakfast Glasses of Milk on All Days of
Past Week

Nutritional Behaviors by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

100 77 79 81 79 80

60

40 20

17 19 19 17

13 12 11 7

33 34 28 27

0

Drank 100% Ate 5+ Servings Drank 3+

Ate Breakfast

Fruit Juice of Fruits and Glasses of Milk on All Days of

Vegetables

Past Week

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

30

Physical Activity

Percent of high school students who:
Exercised or participated in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat and breathe hard on 3 or more of the past 7 days 61% - Significantly more male students than female students exercised or participated in vigorous physical activity. - White students are significantly more likely than Black students to exercise or participate in vigorous physical activity.
Meet current physical activity recommendations1 34% - Significantly more male students than female students meet the current physical activity recommendations. - White students are significantly more likely than Black or Hispanic students to meet the current physical activity recommendations.
Participated in no vigorous or moderate physical activity in the past 7 days 10% - Significantly more female students than male students did not participate in any vigorous or moderate physical activity. - Black students are significantly more likely than White or Hispanic students to not participate in any vigorous or moderate physical activity.

Physical Activity by Race/Ethnicity

White Black Hispanic

100

80 60

66 54 63

40

20

0

Vigorous Physical Activity

39 28 25
Meet Physical Activity Recommendations

7 14 6 No Physical Activity

Percent

Percent

Percent

Physical Activity by Sex

Male Female

100

80

71

60

52

40

20

44 24

6 13

0

Vigorous Physical Meet Physical Activity No Physical Activity

Activity

Recommendations

Physical Activity by Grade

9th 10th 11th 12th

100

80

65 64 56 56

60

40

20

36 36 27 34

9 8 11 12

0

Vigorous Physical Meet Physical Activity No Physical Activity

Activity

Recommendations

1 Current physical activity recommendations are 60 minutes or more per day on 5 or more days per week.

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

31

Physical Education
Percent of high school students who:
Attend physical education class on one or more days during the week 42% - Significantly more male students than female students attended PE class on one or more days during an average week. - 9th graders are significantly more likely than 10th, 11th, or 12th graders to have attended PE class on one or more days during an average week.
Attend physical education class daily 36% - Significantly more male students than female students attended PE classes daily. - 9th graders are significantly more likely than 10th, 11th, or 12th graders to have attended PE class daily.
Played on one or more sports teams in the past 12 months 56% - Significantly more male students than female students have played on one or more sports teams in the past 12 months.

Percent

Physical Education by Sex
Male Female

100

80

60

52

40

32

20

0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week

44 27
PE Class Daily

64 48
Played on Sports Team

Physical Education by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

Percent

100
80
60 42 40
40
20 *
0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week
* Data not presented, n < 100.

39 30 *
PE Class Daily

58 54 51
Played on Sports Team

Percent

Physical Education by Grade
9th 10th 11th 12th

100

80

62

60

40

36

34

27

20

0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week

53

33

29

21

PE Class Daily

56 61 52 53
Played on Sports Team

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

32

Sedentary Behaviors

Percent of high school students who:

Watched 3 hours or more of TV per day on an average school day

42%

- Black students are significantly more likely than White students to

have watched 3 hours or more of TV per day on an average school

day.

- Significantly more 9th graders than 12th graders watched 3 hours or

100

more of TV per day on an average school day.

80

Played video or computer games or used a computer for something

that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an average

60

Percent

school day 19% - Male students are significantly more likely than female students to

40

have played video or computer games or used a computer for

20

something that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an

average school day.

0

- Significantly more 9th graders than 11th or 12th graders played video or

computer games or used a computer for something that is not school

work for 3 hours or more per day on an average school day.

Sedentary Behaviors by Sex
Male Female

43

42

TV 3+ Hours

24 15
Video/Computer 3+ Hours

Percent

Sedentary Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity
White Black Hispanic

100

80

60

60

44

40

30

20

0 TV 3+ Hours

18 20 22 Video/Computer 3+ Hours

Percent

Sedentary Behaviors by Grade
9th 10th 11th 12th

100

80

60

47 44 41

40

32

20

0 TV 3+ Hours

23 21 17 14 Video/Computer 3+ Hours

High School Findings

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

33

Appendices

Appendix A:
National Health Objectives and Leading Health Indicators from Healthy People 20101 measured by the Georgia Student Health Survey, 2005, High School

Objective No.
15 - 19 15 - 21 15 - 38 15 - 39 18 - 2 22 - 6
22 - 7
22 - 9 22 - 10 22 - 11 25 - 11 26 6
27 - 2 27 2a 27 2b 27 2c 27 2d 27 7

Increase use of safety belts.

Objective

Increase the proportion of motorcyclists using helmets.

Reduce physical fighting among adolescents.

Reduce weapon carrying by adolescents on school property.

Reduce the rate of suicide attempts by adolescents.

Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes on 5 or more of the previous 7 days.

Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage in vigorous physical activity that promotes cardiorespiratory fitness 3 or more days per week for 20 or more minutes per occasion.

Increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical education. Increase the proportion of adolescents who spend at least 50% of school physical education class time being physically active.

Increase the proportion of adolescents who view television < 2 hours on a school day.

Increase the proportion of adolescents who abstain from sexual intercourse or use condoms, if currently sexually active.

Reduce the proportion of adolescents who report that they rode, during the previous 30 days, with a driver who had been drinking alcohol.

Reduce tobacco use by adolescents.

Reduce tobacco product use (past month).

Reduce cigarette use (past month).

Reduce spit tobacco use (past month).

Reduce cigar use (past month). Increase tobacco use cessation attempts by adolescent smokers.

2010 Target
(%)
92 79 32 4.9 1.0 35
85
50 50 75 95 30
21 16 1 8 84

Data from 2003
GA Student Health Survey (%) 90.6 -

31.4 5.0 -
8.5 25.4
59.0
29.1 31.0 57.6

24.0 -
26.1 20.9 7.6 13.9 59.4

Data from 2005
GA Student Health Survey (%) 90.4 -

33.8 -
7.5 7.8 23.7
61.3
35.9 32.7 57.6

26.7 -
24.1
17.2 -
7.4 15.1 57.3

1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. With understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health. In: Healthy People 2010 (Conference ed, in 2 vols.). Washington, D.C. NOTE: The presence of a happy face indicates that Georgia high school students met or were within 1-2% of the Healthy People 2010 objective for that health behavior. Georgia Student Health Survey data not collected for this behavior.

Appendix AB

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

35

Appendix B: Methodology
The purpose of the Georgia Student Health Survey was to gather data on behaviors among youth related to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity.
Questionnaire Development
Two self-administered, anonymous questionnaires were developed by the Georgia Division of Public Health for the survey. One questionnaire was developed for middle school students and contained 52 items. The other questionnaire was developed for high school students, and contained 90 items. Both questionnaires were modeled after the core Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Both questionnaires covered five topics from the YRBS: 1) behaviors that result in unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) dietary behaviors; and 5) physical activity. Additional questions about asthma were added to both questionnaires. Additionally, the high school questionnaires asked about gambling. No questions about sexual behavior were included in either of the questionnaires.
Sampling
Sample Design
A separate middle school and high school sample was selected, with an objective of having 95% confidence limits of approximately +5% around prevalence estimate of key variables. The sampling frame consisted of all regular public schools containing students enrolled in grades 6-8 for the middle schools and 9-12 for the high schools. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce a representative sample of middle school students in grades 6-8 and high school students in grade 9-12. The sampling program PC-Sample was used to draw both the middle school and high school samples.
Sampling Procedures
School level The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all public schools containing any of grades 6-8 for the middle schools and 9-12 for the high schools. Schools were selected systematically with probability proportional to school enrollment size (PPS) using a random start. The sample included 50 public middle schools and 50 public high schools.
Class level The second sampling stage consisted of systematic equal probability sampling (with a random start) of classes from each middle school and high school that participated in the survey. All classes in a required subject or all classes meeting during a particular period of the day, depending on the school, were included in the sampling frame.
Student level All students in the selected classes were eligible to participate in the survey. Student make-ups were also conducted.

Appendix B

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

36

Appendix B: Methodology (cont'd)

Data Collection
Recruitment of Sampled Districts and Schools
School district and school recruitment began in mid January 2005. Tailored letters of invitation were sent to the school districts. These letters were followed by phone calls directly to the superintendent to answer questions and obtain permission to contact the school. School packets were included with the district invitation packet and the superintendents were asked to forward these on to the principal after their approval was received. The recruitment process sometimes included the completion of special research proposals, attendance at board meetings and principal meetings, and other clearance procedures.
As soon as notification was received that a school packet had been sent to the principal, the principal was called, a contact person was assigned, classes selected, and a date for data collection was scheduled.
Classroom-level Data Collection
The Georgia Student Health Survey was administered between March 7 and May 24, 2005 by six specially trained field staff. The data collectors were recruited from a variety of sources, including local and state retired teachers' associations, local universities, and job fairs. They completed an intensive training that included lectures, simulations, and group role plays and discussions. Detailed arrangements and survey schedules were set prior to each school visit.
Weighting
For both the middle school and high school data, a weight variable was calculated for each student record to reflect the likelihood of sampling each student and to reduce bias by compensating for differing patterns of non-response. The weight used for estimation is given by:
W = W1 * W2 * f1 * f2 * f3
W1 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the school
W2 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the classroom within the school
f1 = a school-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by school size category (small, medium, large)
f2 = a student-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by class
f3 = a post stratification adjustment factor calculated by sex, grade, and race

Appendix B

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

37

Appendix B: Methodology (cont'd)

Georgia Student Health Survey Response Rates

Middle High

Selected
50 50

School Participated
46 43

Response Rate (%) 92.0 86.0

Selected
2,187 1,962

Student Participated
1,923 1,755

GeGoregoiargSiatuSdteundteHnteHalethalSthuSrvueryveDyeDmeomgoragprhapichDicisDtrisibtruibtiuotnioonf oSfaSmapmleple

Response Rate (%) 87.9 89.4

Overall1 Response Rate
(%) 80.9 76.9

Sex Male Female

Middle School

n

%

920

51.5

999

48.5

High School

n

%

835

50.2

915

49.8

Grade 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th

534

33.3

682

33.3

691

33.2

525

32.6

479

25.9

428

22.0

307

19.3

Race/ethnicity

White

855

48.8

803

52.1

Black

721

39.8

702

38.2

Hispanic

146

7.2

110

5.8

Statistical Significance
SUDAAN was used to compute 95% confidence intervals, which were used to determine the differences among subgroups at the p <0.05 level. Differences between prevalence estimates were considered statistically significant if the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap.

1 Overall Response Rate = School Response Rate * Student Response Rate

Appendix B

2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report

38

Appendix C: Survey Questions1
1. How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car? [wording used with middle school students] 2. How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else? [wording used with high school students] 3. How often do you wear a seat belt when driving a car? [asked only of high school students] 4. When you ride a bicycle, how often do you wear a helmet? [wording used with middle school students] 5. When you rode a bicycle during the past 12 months, how often did you wear a helmet? [wording used with high school students] 6. When you rollerblade or ride a skateboard, how often do you wear a helmet? [asked only of middle school students] 7. Have you ever ridden in a car driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol? [wording used with middle school students] 8. During the past 30 days, how many times did you ride in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol? [wording used with high
school students] 9. During the past 30 days, how many times did you drive a car or other vehicle when you had been drinking alcohol? [asked only of high school students] 10. Have you ever carried a weapon, such as a gun, knife, or club? [wording used with middle school students] 11. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club? [wording used with high school students] 12. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a gun? [asked only of high school students] 13. Have you ever been in a physical fight? [wording used with middle school students] 14. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight? [wording used with high school students] 15. Have you ever been in a physical fight in which you were hurt and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse? [wording used with middle school students] 16. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight in which you were injured and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse? [wording used
with high school students] 17. During the past 12 months, did your boyfriend or girlfriend ever hit, slap, or physically hurt you on purpose? [asked only of high school students]

1 Questions were identical for middle school and high school students, unless otherwise specified.

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Appendix C: Survey Questions (cont'd)
18. During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities? [asked only of high school students]
19. Have you ever seriously thought about killing yourself? [wording used with middle school students] 20. During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide? [wording used with high school students] 21. Have you ever made a plan about how you would kill yourself? [wording used with middle school students] 22. During the past 12 months, did you make a plan about how you would attempt suicide? [wording used with high school students] 23. Have you ever tried to kill yourself? [wording used with middle school students] 24. During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide? [wording used with high school students] 25. If you attempted suicide during the past 12 months, did any attempt result in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse?
[asked only of high school students] 26. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes? 27. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip, such as Redman, Levi Garrett, Beechnut, Skoal, Skoal Bandits, or
Copenhagen? 28. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars2? 29. Have you ever had a drink of alcohol, other than a few sips? [wording used with middle school students] 30. During your life, on how many days have you had at least one drink of alcohol? [wording used with high school students] 31. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink of alcohol? [asked only of high school students] 32. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have five or more drinks of alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple of hours? [asked only of high school
students] 33. Have you ever used marijuana? [asked only of middle school students]

2 Cigar use in the past 30 days is not presented in this report; however, current tobacco use is presented as a composite of students who have reported using cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and/or cigars on one or more days in the past 30 days.

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Appendix C: Survey Questions (cont'd)
34. During the past 30 days, how many times did you use marijuana? [asked only of high school students] 35. During the past 30 days, how many times did you use any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase? [asked only of high school students] 36. Have you ever sniffed glue, or breathed the contents of spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high? [wording used with middle school students] 37. During your life, how many times have you sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high? [wording
used with high school students] 38. During your life, how many times have you used heroin (also called smack, junk, or China White)? [asked only of high school students] 39. During your life, how many times have you used methamphetamines (also called speed, crystal, crank, or ice)? [asked only of high school students] 40. During your life, how many times have you used ecstasy (also called MDMA)? [asked only of high school students] 41. Have you ever used steroids? [wording used with middle school students] 42. During your life, how many times have you taken steroid pills or shots without a doctor's prescription? [wording used with high school students] 43. During the past 12 months, has anyone offered, sold, or given you an illegal drug on school property? [asked only of high school students] 44. How old were you when you smoked a whole cigarette for the first time? 45. How old were you when you had your first drink of alcohol other than a few sips? 46. How old were you when you tried marijuana for the first time? 47. How tall are you without your shoes on? 48. How much do you weigh without your shoes on? 49. Have you ever exercised to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students] 50. During the past 30 days, did you exercise to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students] 51. Have you ever eaten less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students]

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Appendix C: Survey Questions (cont'd)
52. During the past 30 days, did you eat less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students]
53. Have you ever gone without eating for 24 hours or more (also called fasting) to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students]
54. During the past 30 days, did you go without eating for 24 hours or more (also called fasting) to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students]
55. Have you ever taken any diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students]
56. During the past 30 days, did you take any diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students]
57. Have you ever vomited or taken laxatives to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students]
58. During the past 30 days, did you vomit or take laxatives to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students]
59. During the past seven days, how many times did you drink 100% fruit juices such as orange juice, apple juice, or grape juice? [asked only of high school students]
60. During the past seven days, how many times did you eat fruit? [asked only of high school students]
61. During the past seven days, how many times did you eat green salad3? [asked only of high school students]
62. During the past seven days, how many glasses of milk did you drink? [asked only of high school students]
63. On how many of the past seven days did you eat breakfast?
64. On how many of the past seven days did you exercise or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe hard, such as basketball, soccer, running, swimming laps, fast bicycling, fast dancing, or similar aerobic activities?
65. During the past seven days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day? [asked only of high school students]

3 Consumption of green salad, potatoes, carrots, and other vegetables are not presented individually in this report; however, consumption of vegetables is presented as a composite of these variables.

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Appendix C: Survey Questions (cont'd)
66. On how many of the past seven days did you participate in physical activity for at least 30 minutes that did not make you sweat or breathe hard, such as fast walking, slow bicycling, skating, pushing a lawn mower, or mopping floors? [asked only of high school students]
67. In an average week when you are in school, on how many days do you go to physical education (PE) classes? 68. Do you play on any sports teams? [wording used with middle school students] 69. During the past 12 months, on how many sports teams did you play? [wording used with high school students] 70. On an average school day, how many hours do you watch TV? 71. On an average school day, how many hours do you play video or computer games or use a computer for something that is not school work?
Race/Ethnicity is based on responses to a question how the student describes himself/herself. Answer categories were: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and white.

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Appendix D: Detailed Data Tables for Middle School and High School Students 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey

Table 1: Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Unintentional Injuries
Middle School
Male
Female 6th 7th 8th
White
Black
Hispanic

Never/Rarely Seatbelt Riding
in Car % (95% CI) 8.5 (+1.8) 10.6 (+2.8) 6.2 (+1.8) 9.2 (+2.7) 6.9 (+2.4) 9.5 (+3.2) 7.3 (+2.2) 9.1 (+2.3) 12.4 (+5.1)

Never/Rarely Seatbelt Driving
Car % (95% CI)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Never/Rarely Bicycle Helmet
% (95% CI) 74.8 (+4.6) 76.3 (+5.0) 73.1 (+5.0) 69.6 (+9.2) 77.8 (+5.3) 78.0 (+4.5) 64.0 (+6.5) 87.1 (+3.4) 78.7 (+9.0)

High School
Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th
White
Black
Hispanic

9.6 (+3.7) 10.7 (+3.3) 8.5 (+4.8) 7.6 (+2.1) 8.1 (+2.8) 7.5 (+1.8) 17.1 (+16.5) 10.1 (+5.5) 9.0 (+2.7) 7.0 (+7.4)

5.7 (+1.7) 8.5 (+2.5) 2.8 (+1.5) 3.8 (+1.7) 4.6 (+2.0) 5.9 (+2.7) 9.8 (+5.5) 6.2 (+2.1) 5.3 (+2.1) 4.5 (+6.4)

85.6 (+6.5) 89.9 (+5.7) 79.6 (+8.5) 88.1 (+6.2) 87.3 (+5.1) 91.4 (+4.5) 71.0(+24.8) 80.3 (+10.1) 91.9 (+3.5)


Never/Rarely Helmet While
Skateboarding/ Rollerblading
% (95% CI) 73.2 (+5.0) 75.4 (+4.6) 71.0 (+7.0) 66.8 (+9.0) 77.0 (+6.0) 77.3 (+5.2) 69.9 (+6.8) 79.2 (+4.2)


Rode with Drunk Driver*
% (95% CI) 32.5 (+3.0) 33.9 (+3.4) 30.9 (+3.7) 25.3 (+3.6) 33.5 (+4.3) 38.5 (+4.6) 34.6 (+4.8) 29.2 (+3.3) 38.6 (+8.2)

Drove After Drinking Past 30
Days % (95% CI)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A

26.7 (+3.2)

8.8 (+2.9)

N/A

26.9 (+3.6)

11.0 (+3.4)

N/A

26.4 (+5.2)

6.5 (+2.9)

N/A

26.1 (+5.1)

4.2 (+1.4)

N/A

27.8 (+6.2)

6.8 (+3.0)

N/A

22.2 (+4.4)

9.1 (+2.7)

N/A

31.5 (+9.1)

18.7 (+11.6)

N/A

27.8 (+4.5)

11.7 (+4.2)

N/A

25.5 (+3.8)

5.2 (+1.8)

N/A

27.8 (+5.9)

6.0 (+7.6)

* Rode in vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol ever in lifetime (middle school); 1+ times in the past 30 days (high school). Data not presented, n < 100.

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Appendix D: (cont'd)
Table 2: Weapon Carrying and Violent Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Violent Behaviors
Middle School
Male
Female 6th 7th 8th
White
Black
Hispanic

Carried a Weapon* % (95% CI) 35.1 (+3.0) 50.3 (+5.4) 19.4 (+2.1) 30.4 (+5.0) 32.7 (+4.6) 41.9 (+4.7) 40.5 (+3.3) 28.0 (+4.0) 30.9 (+5.6)

High School
Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th
White
Black
Hispanic

22.1 (+3.9) 33.3 (+4.6) 10.7 (+4.3) 22.7 (+5.9) 22.0 (+3.4) 18.7 (+3.5) 24.3 (+13.0) 26.6 (+5.4) 15.1 (+4.2) 27.2 (+19.2)

Carried a Gun % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
7.6 (+2.8) 11.6 (+2.9) 3.5 (+3.7) 7.5 (+3.4) 6.5 (+3.3) 5.4 (+2.3) 11.8 (+12.5) 9.7 (+4.7) 4.8 (+2.3) 7.0 (+6.1)

Physical Fight** % (95% CI) 61.6 (+3.3) 75.0 (+2.4) 47.4 (+4.9) 57.4 (+5.8) 62.8 (+4.4) 64.5 (+4.9) 53.3 (+3.8) 72.5 (+3.5) 57.0 (+6.8)
33.8 (+2.7) 43.0 (+3.6) 24.7 (+3.3) 39.8 (+6.1) 32.1 (+3.8) 33.6 (+3.8) 26.5 (+5.3) 28.7 (+3.6) 39.0 (+4.3) 43.9 (+16.5)

Physical Fight with Injury**
% (95% CI) 6.5 (+1.2) 7.7 (+2.2) 5.3 (+1.5) 5.3 (+2.2) 8.0 (+1.8) 6.2 (+2.1) 6.4 (+1.9) 5.5 (+1.5) 10.8 (+4.0)
3.7 (+0.9) 5.1 (+1.3) 2.3 (+1.0) 4.2 (+1.5) 3.1 (+1.7) 3.9 (+1.6) 3.2 (+1.7) 3.7 (+1.3) 3.3 (+1.1) 4.1 (+2.4)

Dating Violence % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
14.2 (+3.4) 15.3 (+3.4) 13.0 (+4.2) 10.8 (+2.9) 11.8 (+2.7) 12.4 (+2.6) 25.4 (+16.2) 13.4 (+5.6) 15.6 (+3.5) 9.5 (+6.3)

* Carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club ever in lifetime (middle school); 1+ times in the past 30 days (high school). * In physical fight 1+ times ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 12 months (high school).

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Appendix D: (cont'd)

Table 3: Suicidal Ideation and Behavior by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Suicidal Ideation and Behavior
Middle School
Male
Female 6th 7th 8th
White
Black
Hispanic

Sad/Hopeless Every Day for 2+
Weeks % (95% CI)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

High School
Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th
White
Black
Hispanic

29.1 (+2.9) 22.2 (+3.2) 36.1 (+3.1) 28.9 (+4.4) 31.6 (+4.3) 29.3 (+3.6) 26.4 (+8.3) 25.7 (+2.8) 31.2 (+3.6) 42.3 (+14.1)

Considered Suicide*
% (95% CI) 20.4 (+2.1) 16.6 (+2.1) 24.5 (+2.8) 14.9 (+3.1) 22.3 (+3.4) 23.8 (+3.3) 21.1 (+3.0) 18.4 (+2.8) 23.2 (+4.9)
17.4 (+4.1) 11.5 (+3.8) 23.4 (+5.0) 16.2 (+3.6) 19.5 (+3.4) 12.8 (+3.1) 21.5 (+18.3) 18.4 (+5.9) 15.1 (+3.8) 18.2 (+6.9)

Made Suicide Plan** % (95% CI) 11.8 (+1.6) 9.6 (+1.8) 14.3 (+2.2) 9.3 (+2.4) 13.2 (+2.7) 12.8 (+2.4) 11.7 (+2.5) 11.1 (+2.2) 11.4 (+4.5)
14.9 (+4.4) 11.9 (+4.2) 17.8 (+5.4) 12.8 (+3.2) 13.9 (+3.2) 13.1 (+3.0) 21.5 (+18.9) 15.7 (+6.1) 13.8 (+3.8) 12.3 (+7.9)

Attempted Suicide*** % (95% CI) 8.0 (+1.6) 6.1 (+1.9) 10.1 (+2.2) 6.3 (+2.5) 7.9 (+2.4) 9.4 (+2.5) 7.2 (+2.4) 7.7 (+2.1) 13.5 (+4.4)
7.8 (+1.5) 5.4 (+2.1) 10.0 (+2.6) 8.6 (+3.0) 8.4 (+2.5) 6.5 (+1.9) 6.6 (+3.3) 6.2 (+1.9) 9.6 (+2.2)


Attempted Suicide Resulted in Injury in
Past 12 Months % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
2.2 (+0.6) 2.0 (+1.2) 2.5 (+0.8) 1.7 (+1.0) 2.6 (+1.5) 2.0 (+1.1) 2.8 (+1.8) 1.5 (+1.0) 3.4 (+1.1)


* Considered suicide ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 12 months (high school). ** Made suicide plan - ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 12 months (high school). *** Attempted suicide - ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 12 months (high school). Data not presented, n < 100.

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Appendix D: (cont'd)

Table 4: Tobacco Use by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Tobacco Use Middle School
Male Female
6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic
High School Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic

Current Cigarette Use* % (95% CI) 7.1 (+1.9) 8.5 (+3.0) 5.7 (+2.0) 3.5 (+1.6) 7.4 (+3.2) 9.7 (+3.4) 7.5 (+2.5) 5.7 (+2.2) 9.8 (+4.0)
17.2 (+3.1) 18.9 (+4.5) 15.4 (+3.0) 14.3 (+3.8) 14.5 (+5.8) 20.2 (+4.9) 22.9 (+7.8) 22.4 (+4.0) 10.1 (+2.9)


Current Smokeless Tobacco Use**
% (95% CI) 4.9 (+1.4) 7.2 (+2.4) 2.5 (+1.0) 3.6 (+2.1) 4.1 (+1.5) 6.5 (+2.3) 6.0 (+2.0) 2.9 (+1.4) 5.3 (+3.3)
7.4 (+1.9) 12.4 (+3.1) 2.3 (+1.0) 5.1 (+2.0) 10.3 (+3.5) 6.2 (+3.3) 7.9 (+4.2) 11.6 (+3.0) 2.2 (+1.1) 2.8 (+3.4)

Current Tobacco Use*** % (95% CI) 10.4 (+2.4) 13.2 (+3.6) 7.4 (+2.3) 6.0 (+1.9) 10.1 (+3.9) 14.4 (+4.1) 11.6 (+3.5) 8.1 (+2.7) 12.1 (+4.3)
24.1 (+3.6) 29.0 (+5.8) 19.2 (+3.0) 18.9 (+4.7) 22.2 (+6.2) 26.7 (+5.8) 32.6 (+7.9) 30.0 (+4.6) 16.7 (+3.8)


* Smoked cigarettes on 1+ days in the past 30 days. ** Used smokeless tobacco on 1+ days in the past 30 days. *** Used any tobacco product on 1+ days in the past 30 days. Data not presented, n < 100.

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Appendix D: (cont'd)
Table 5: Alcohol Use by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Alcohol Use Middle School
Male Female
6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic
High School Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic

Lifetime Alcohol Use* % (95% CI) 37.1 (+3.2) 38.6 (+3.5) 35.4 (+4.7) 27.5 (+4.9) 37.2 (+4.9) 46.7 (+2.9) 32.7 (+4.6) 39.6 (+3.0) 51.2 (+7.8)
73.2 (+2.3) 71.4 (+4.4) 75.0 (+3.8) 65.3 (+5.0) 70.0 (+5.7) 77.8 (+3.6) 85.9 (+5.7) 75.7 (+2.9) 69.4 (+3.3) 77.8 (+10.7)

Current Alcohol Use** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
39.9 (+4.2) 38.8 (+5.7) 41.0 (+4.8) 31.3 (+5.5) 37.5 (+6.5) 46.4 (+6.2) 50.7 (+11.4) 46.4 (+5.0) 31.0 (+4.5) 39.9 (+8.0)

Current Binge Drinking*** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
20.8 (+3.8) 21.6 (+5.0) 19.9 (+4.4) 13.0 (+3.6) 21.1 (+6.2) 21.6 (+3.8) 33.2 (+12.7) 29.0 (+4.9) 10.4 (+2.2) 15.1 (+6.0)

* At least one drink of alcohol on 1+ days during their life. ** Had at least one drink of alcohol on 1+ days in the past 30 days. *** Had 5+ drinks of alcohol in a row within a couple of hours on 1+ days in the past 30 days.

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Appendix D: (cont'd)
Table 6: Drug Use by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Drug Use Middle School
Male Female
6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic
High School Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic

Marijuana Use* % (95% CI) 9.4 (+1.7) 11.8 (+2.5) 6.8 (+1.7) 5.4 (+2.1) 9.6 (+1.9) 12.7 (+3.2) 8.1 (+2.2) 10.4 (+2.2) 10.7 (+5.4)
18.9 (+3.1) 20.3 (+4.1) 17.4 (+3.5) 15.7 (+4.8) 18.8 (+5.7) 22.7 (+4.3) 19.9 (+5.8) 18.2 (+3.9) 19.8 (+3.1) 15.5 (+15.7)

Cocaine Use** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
3.0 (+1.2) 3.7 (+1.9) 2.4 (+1.3) 2.0 (+1.4) 4.5 (+2.4) 2.6 (+1.6) 2.9 (+2.2) 4.2 (+2.1) 1.1 (+0.7) 3.9 (+5.4)

Inhalant Use*** % (95% CI) 13.3 (+1.6) 12.9 (+2.4) 13.8 (+2.0) 12.7 (+2.6) 14.4 (+3.3) 12.8 (+3.0) 12.6 (+3.2) 12.7 (+2.1) 18.1 (+6.9)
14.9 (+4.2) 12.8 (+3.6) 16.9 (+5.2) 15.1 (+3.1) 13.5 (+5.3) 10.8 (+2.6) 20.7 (+18.4) 18.5 (+6.7) 10.0 (+3.0) 13.5 (+6.1)

* Used marijuana ever in lifetime (middle school); 1+ times in the past 30 days (high school). ** Used cocaine on 1+ days in the past 30 days. *** Used inhalants ever in lifetime.

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Appendix D: (cont'd)

Table 7: Lifetime Drug Use by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Lifetime Drug Use
Middle School Male
Female 6th 7th 8th
White Black Hispanic
High School Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic

Heroin Use % (95% CI)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
4.3 (+4.0) 4.4 (+3.6) 4.2 (+4.6) 1.5 (+1.1) 2.7 (+1.6) 1.8 (+1.5) 13.3 (+19.1) 5.9 (+6.3) 2.1 (+1.6) 2.7 (+3.2)

Methamphetamine Use
% (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
6.4 (+2.9) 6.2 (+2.5) 6.7 (+3.9) 4.3 (+1.5) 6.6 (+3.6) 6.1 (+2.3) 10.3 (+12.5) 9.6 (+4.2) 2.3 (+1.4) 4.0 (+3.9)

Ecstasy Use % (95% CI)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
5.3 (+1.3) 6.2 (+2.2) 4.4 (+1.5) 4.5 (+1.7) 6.0 (+2.7) 5.3 (+2.6) 5.1 (+3.5) 7.2 (+2.0) 2.5 (+1.4) 5.3 (+4.4)

Steroid Use % (95% CI) 2.5 (+0.7) 3.0 (+1.1) 2.0 (+0.8) 2.5 (+1.4) 1.8 (+0.9) 3.2 (+1.5) 2.0 (+1.0) 3.0 (+1.3) 2.8 (+2.3)
4.0 (+1.1) 4.5 (+1.8) 3.4 (+1.2) 2.9 (+1.6) 6.5 (+2.4) 3.0 (+1.8) 2.9 (+2.1) 5.1 (+1.6) 2.6 (+1.0) 1.3 (+1.8)

Were Offered/Sold/Given Illegal Drug on School
Property % (95% CI)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
30.7 (+2.5) 34.2 (+3.7) 27.3 (+2.7) 28.8 (+6.2) 32.0 (+5.0) 32.0 (+5.7) 30.9 (+7.7) 29.1 (+3.3) 29.9 (+4.1) 48.0 (+7.3)

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Appendix D: (cont'd)
Table 8: Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Age of Initiation* Middle School
Male Female
6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic
High School Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic

Initiation of Cigarette Smoking % (95% CI) 6.6 (+1.5) 7.8 (+2.0) 5.3 (+1.6) 5.7 (+2.4) 6.0 (+2.7) 7.7 (+2.5) 7.2 (+2.6) 5.1 (+1.8) 8.5 (+3.7)
14.9 (+2.6) 17.9 (+3.1) 12.0 (+2.6) 18.0 (+3.5) 12.9 (+3.9) 15.1 (+3.5) 12.3 (+6.0) 16.3 (+4.0) 12.2 (+2.4) 21.6 (+4.8)

Initiation of Alcohol Use % (95% CI) 16.9 (+2.3) 18.6 (+3.1) 15.1 (+3.1) 17.4 (+3.8) 18.0 (+4.3) 15.1 (+2.9) 14.0 (+2.9) 19.3 (+3.3) 21.6 (+7.6)
26.8 (+3.7) 28.6 (+4.2) 24.9 (+4.0) 32.6 (+4.7) 23.3 (+4.3) 22.9 (+3.3) 26.4 (+15.1) 23.2 (+5.5) 29.3 (+4.3) 40.6 (+8.1)

Initiation of Marijuana Use % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
8.2 (+1.9) 11.2 (+2.9) 5.0 (+1.3) 9.6 (+2.3) 7.5 (+3.1) 6.7 (+2.9) 7.9 (+4.5) 7.1 (+2.7) 9.4 (+2.2) 7.5 (+4.2)

* Percent of middle school students who initiated risk behaviors before age 11; percent of high school students who initiated risk behaviors before age 13.

Appendix D

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Appendix D: Detailed Data Tables for Middle School and High School Students 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey

Table 9: Dietary Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Dietary Behaviors Middle School
Male Female
6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic
High School Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic

Obese % (95% CI) 15.6 (+2.3) 19.2 (+3.0) 11.8 (+2.1) 18.6 (+3.7) 15.8 (+3.1) 13.0 (+3.7) 12.3 (+2.9) 21.0 (+3.0) 10.8 (+6.2)
12.4 (+2.1) 15.0 (+3.3) 9.8 (+2.0) 13.5 (+2.8) 14.2 (+4.2) 11.0 (+3.7) 9.6 (+5.0) 9.5 (+3.2) 16.2 (+3.2) 17.4 (+7.2)

Exercised to Lose Weight*
% (95% CI) 69.7 (+3.0) 61.2 (+3.9) 78.7 (+3.5) 71.2 (+4.7) 68.1 (+5.0) 70.3 (+4.5) 72.5 (+3.7) 65.6 (+4.8) 74.6 (+8.0)

Ate Less to Lose Weight**
% (95% CI) 46.2 (+3.5) 36.1 (+4.2) 56.9 (+4.1) 47.9 (+6.0) 44.0 (+4.2) 46.5 (+4.6) 48.2 (+3.7) 43.5 (+5.0) 49.7 (+7.8)

59.0 (+2.8) 48.7 (+3.2) 69.5 (+4.2) 62.4 (+6.7) 60.6 (+6.8) 55.5 (+5.5) 55.0 (+5.4) 63.6 (+3.2) 51.6 (+5.3) 67.8 (+11.0)

36.8 (+2.5) 22.9 (+2.5) 51.0 (+3.7) 35.3 (+4.4) 33.5 (+4.6) 41.1 (+5.1) 39.2 (+6.6) 43.4 (+4.0) 27.1 (+3.3) 44.7 (+5.7)

Gone Without Eating to Lose
Weight*** % (95% CI) 16.7 (+2.0) 13.2 (+3.1) 20.4 (+3.0) 15.6 (+4.1) 15.8 (+2.9) 18.7 (+3.6) 16.8 (+2.8) 15.7 (+3.8) 18.4 (+5.8)
11.6 (+1.7) 7.8 (+2.3) 15.4 (+3.1) 13.3 (+2.9) 10.0 (+4.8) 12.8 (+2.9) 8.9 (+3.8) 12.6 (+2.5) 8.9 (+2.2) 19.6 (+9.7)

Taken Diet Pills, Etc. to
Lose Weight**** % (95% CI) 5.1 (+0.9) 4.6 (+1.5) 5.6 (+1.7) 5.0 (+2.0) 3.7 (+1.3) 6.5 (+2.8) 5.3 (+1.8) 4.2 (+1.4) 7.4 (+4.1)
6.5 (+1.2) 5.0 (+1.8) 8.1 (+1.8) 5.5 (+2.4) 7.0 (+3.0) 6.4 (+2.4) 7.7 (+2.8) 8.6 (+1.7) 4.1 (+1.4) 4.3 (+3.2)

Vomited/Used Laxatives to Lose
Weight***** % (95% CI) 6.1 (+1.2) 5.2 (+1.7) 7.0 (+1.5) 6.3 (+2.3) 5.2 (+1.8) 6.8 (+2.1) 5.6 (+1.2) 7.0 (+2.4) 6.3 (+4.0)
5.2 (+1.4) 3.8 (+1.4) 6.6 (+1.9) 5.7 (+2.3) 3.7 (+2.1) 5.2 (+2.9) 6.3 (+2.5) 5.2 (+2.2) 5.0 (+2.0) 6.5 (+3.7)

* Exercised to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). ** Ate less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). *** Gone without eating for 24+ hours to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). **** Taken diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). ***** Vomited or took laxatives to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school).

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Appendix D: (cont'd)
Table 10: Nutritional Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Nutritional Behaviors
Middle School
Male
Female 6th 7th 8th
White
Black
Hispanic

Drank 100% Fruit Juices % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

High School
Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th
White
Black
Hispanic

78.9 (+2.2) 79.8 (+3.1) 78.1 (+2.2) 77.2 (+4.3) 79.4 (+4.1) 81.0 (+4.0) 78.9 (+6.6) 76.3 (+2.9) 82.4 (+3.7) 80.7 (+8.1)

Ate 5+ Servings of Fruits/Vegetables
% (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
18.1 (+1.6) 19.9 (+2.7) 16.4 (+1.9) 17.0 (+3.0) 18.9 (+4.7) 19.3 (+4.8) 17.4 (+3.3) 15.4 (+2.7) 20.8 (+3.1) 16.6 (+7.0)

Drank 3+ Glasses of Milk % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
11.2 (+1.2) 16.0 (+2.2) 6.4 (+1.5) 12.7 (+3.1) 12.1 (+2.6) 11.3 (+2.9) 7.0 (+3.6) 13.6 (+2.0) 8.5 (+2.2) 7.9 (+4.8)

Ate Breakfast Daily % (95% CI) 41.6 (+2.9) 46.9 (+4.5) 36.1 (+3.3) 48.0 (+5.4) 42.4 (+4.2) 34.8 (+3.9) 43.7 (+4.7) 37.5 (+3.4) 44.2 (+8.9)
31.2 (+3.2) 35.3 (+4.3) 27.0 (+3.7) 32.6 (+7.7) 34.1 (+2.8) 28.5 (+5.0) 27.5 (+6.1) 37.3 (+2.4) 22.8 (+4.8) 29.1 (+8.8)

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Appendix D: Detailed Data Tables for Middle School and High School Students 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey

Table 11: Physical Activity by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Physical Activity Middle School
Male Female
6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic
High School Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic

Vigorous Physical Activity* % (95% CI) 71.5 (+3.4) 74.1 (+4.8) 68.7 (+3.7) 67.8 (+6.9) 74.8 (+4.0) 72.5 (+4.5) 78.0 (+4.4) 64.9 (+4.8) 63.6 (+6.4)
61.3 (+3.7) 70.9 (+5.0) 51.8 (+4.4) 64.7 (+5.4) 64.4 (+4.0) 56.3 (+6.2) 56.4 (+8.7) 65.9 (+5.2) 54.0 (+4.5) 63.2 (+5.4)

Meet Physical Activity
Recommendations** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
33.9 (+3.1) 43.7 (+3.7) 24.0 (+3.2) 36.3 (+5.6) 35.7 (+3.8) 27.1 (+5.1) 34.3 (+7.9) 39.4 (+4.2) 27.8 (+3.2) 24.6 (+6.3)

No Physical Activity*** % (95% CI)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
9.9 (+1.6) 6.4 (+1.8) 13.4 (+2.4) 8.9 (+2.6) 8.3 (+1.6) 11.2 (+2.8) 12.1 (+4.5) 7.0 (+1.4) 14.3 (+3.4) 6.0 (+4.7)

PE Classes 1+ Times a Week
% (95% CI) 64.9 (+7.3) 67.2 (+7.3) 62.4 (+8.1) 64.5 (+11.1) 63.8 (+6.3) 66.9 (+11.2) 65.2 (+8.0) 66.7 (+9.0) 56.2 (+12.1)
42.1 (+6.9) 52.0 (+7.8) 32.4 (+7.1) 62.1 (+7.4) 36.0 (+10.0) 26.7 (+7.1) 34.3 (+11.5) 42.0 (+9.3) 39.6 (+6.1)


PE Classes Daily
% (95% CI) 35.2 (+7.8) 36.4 (+8.9) 33.9 (+7.6) 31.8 (+13.3) 34.0 (+9.5) 39.8 (+9.7) 37.4 (+10.0) 34.4 (+9.5) 24.3 (+10.5)
35.9 (+6.8) 44.5 (+7.7) 27.3 (+6.7) 52.5 (+8.0) 33.1 (+9.9) 20.9 (+7.0) 28.6 (+11.5) 39.2 (+9.0) 30.5 (+5.7)


Participation on Sports Teams
% (95% CI) 53.8 (+3.6) 57.3 (+3.7) 49.9 (+4.8) 53.7 (+7.1) 53.8 (+4.2) 53.8 (+6.1) 57.8 (+4.9) 52.1 (+3.9) 43.2 (+7.5)
55.9 (+3.7) 63.9 (+4.7) 47.9 (+4.1) 55.9 (+6.4) 61.2 (+4.4) 52.2 (+5.1) 53.2 (+10.4) 58.1 (+5.6) 54.4 (+4.3) 50.5 (+13.0)

* Exercised or participated in physical activities for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat and breathe hard on 3+ days of the past 7 days. ** Current physical activity recommendations are 60 minutes or more per day on 5+ days per week. *** Participated in no vigorous or moderate physical activities in the past 7 days. Data not presented, n < 100.

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Appendix D: (cont'd)

Table 12: Sedentary Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School

Sedentary Behaviors and
Walking to School
Middle School
Male
Female 6th 7th 8th
White
Black
Hispanic

TV Watching 3+ Hours per School Day % (95% CI) 48.7 (+3.9) 49.6 (+4.6) 47.9 (+4.5) 48.1 (+6.6) 49.2 (+5.6) 49.1 (+5.7) 35.8 (+4.5) 65.8 (+3.1) 46.6 (+7.3)

High School
Male
Female 9th
10th 11th 12th
White
Black
Hispanic

42.4 (+3.7) 42.6 (+3.0) 42.2 (+5.6) 47.1 (+6.0) 44.0 (+6.1) 41.3 (+4.5) 32.3 (+8.3) 29.9 (+5.5) 59.8 (+3.8) 44.3 (+12.8)

Video/Computer Games 3+ Hours per School Day % (95% CI) 21.9 (+2.0) 28.2 (+3.1) 15.5 (+2.3) 18.9 (+3.1) 19.9 (+3.8) 26.6 (+3.9) 18.0 (+2.5) 26.9 (+3.8) 18.2 (+8.3)
19.4 (+2.0) 24.2 (+3.2) 14.5 (+3.0) 22.6 (+2.8) 21.2 (+2.6) 16.5 (+2.6) 13.6 (+6.0) 18.4 (+2.9) 19.7 (+3.2) 21.7 (+7.3)

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