2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report Acknowledgements Georgia Department of Human Resources B.J. Walker, Commissioner Division of Public Health Stuart T. Brown, M.D., Director Epidemiology Branch Susan Lance, D.V.M., Ph.D., Director Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Branch Kimberly Redding, M.D., M.P.H., Director Family Health Branch Rosalyn Bacon, M.P.H., Director Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, and Addictive Diseases Gwendolyn B. Skinner, Director Office of Prevention Services and Programs Brenda Rowe, Ph.D., M.S.W., M.P.A., Director Office of Addictive Diseases Travis Fretwell, MAC, NCAC II, CCS State Addictive Diseases Program Specialist/Tobacco Prevention Coordinator Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Learning Support Division Phil Hulst, Director ORC Macro Applied Research Division James G. Ross, M.S., Senior Vice President Katherine H. Flint, M.A., Technical Director Lori A. Gross, M.H.S., Technical Writer Courtney N. Mooney, M.A., Technical Writer The 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey is funded in part by a grant from Healthcare Georgia Foundation. Created in 1999 as an independent, private foundation, the Foundation's mission is to advance the health of all Georgians and to expand access to affordable, quality healthcare for underserved individuals and communities. The 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey is also funded in part by Cooperative Agreement Number 422649 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Graphic Design: Jimmy Clanton, Jr. Suggested Citation: Kanny D. 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, May 2006. Publication Number: DPH06/076HW. Acknowledgements 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report i Table of Contents Summary ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Middle School Findings Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Weopon Carrying and Violent Behaviors .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Tobacco Use ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Alcohol and Other Drug Use ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Initiation of Smoking and Drinking .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Obesity ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Weight Loss Practices ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Dietary Behaviors ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Nutritional Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Physical Activity ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Physical Education ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Sedentary Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 High School Findings Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries .................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Drinking and Driving .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Weapon Carrying ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Violent Behaviors ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19 Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Table of Contents 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report ii Table of Contents (cont'd) Tobacco Use ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Alcohol Use ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Current Drug Use ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 Lifetime Drug Use ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Drug Transactions at School ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use ................................................................................................................................................... 26 Obesity ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Weight Loss Practices ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Dietary Behaviors ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Nutritional Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Physical Activity ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Physical Education ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Sedentary Behaviors ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Appendices Appendix A: National Health Objectives and Leading Health Indicators from Healthy People 2010 Measured by the Georgia Student Health Survey, 2005 ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Appendix B: Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Appendix C: Survey Questions ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39 Appendix D: Detailed Data Tables for Middle School and High School Students 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey ................................................... 44 Table of Contents 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report iii Summary Some behaviors pose immediate threats to health (e.g., drinking and driving); others are more closely related to long-term threats to health (e.g., physical inactivity). The 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey provides information about both immediate and long-term threats to health among middle and high school students in Georgia, including unintentional injuries, violence, suicide, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, initiation of risk behaviors, obesity, weight loss practices, dietary behaviors, nutritional behaviors, physical activity, physical education, and sedentary behaviors. With respect to 17 health behaviors that are targeted in the national public health objectives for 2010 (Healthy People 2010, see Appendix A), Georgia high school students are meeting only one objective, riding with a drunk dirvier in the past 30 days (26.7% vs. U.S. objective of 30%), and are within 1-2% of the national objective for three objectives: seat belt use (90.4% vs. U.S. objective of 92%), physical fighting in the past 12 months (33.8% vs. U.S. objective of 32%), and cigarette use in the past 30 days (17.2% vs. U.S. objective of 16%). From 2003 to 2005, there has been no substantial change among middle school students with respect to their health behaviors. Among high school students, however, there has been a significant decrease from 12% to 6% in the percentage of high school students who rarely or never wear a seat belt when driving a car. Summary 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report iv Introduction Many of the behaviors that put adults at elevated risk for disease and death are initiated in adolescence, including tobacco use, physical inactivity, poor dietary habits, and behaviors that can result in unintentional injuries and violence. In Georgia, 80 percent of all deaths among youth and young adults aged 1019 years result from only four causes motor vehicle crashes (37%), other unintentional injuries (19%), homicide (12%), and suicide (12%). Among adults 25 years of age and older, 49 percent of all deaths in Georgia result from heart disease (26%) and cancer (23%). Tobacco use, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet contribute to heart disease, many cancers, and other chronic diseases. These behaviors are all subject to prevention or modification among school-aged children. To monitor priority health-risk behaviors that put youth at risk for the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and social problems, the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, in collaboration with the Georgia Department of Education, conducted the 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey among students enrolled in sample of public middle school and high schools, statewide. A total of 1,923 middle school students and 1,755 high school students participated in the 2005 survey. Topics covered by the survey include unintentional injuries and violence, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, dietary behaviors, and physical activity. By monitoring these behaviors, Georgia can assess the overall progress of programs and policies to reduce the behaviors that put youth at risk for developing what are, by and large, preventable health problems. This report summarizes results from the 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey. A detailed description of the survey population and the survey methods including criteria for determining whether differences in populations were "significant", are provided in Appendix B. Detailed data tables are presented in Appendix D and the survey questions are presented in Appendix C. Introduction 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 1 Middle School Findings Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries Percent of middle school students who: Rarely or never wear a seatbelt 8% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Rarely or never wear a bicycle helmet 75% - Significantly more Black students than White students rarely or never wear a bicycle helmet. Rarely or never wear a helmet while rollerblading or skateboarding 73% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Have ever ridden in a car with a drunk driver 32% - 7th and 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have ridden in a car with a drunk driver. Percent Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Sex Male Female 100 80 76 73 75 71 60 40 34 31 20 11 6 0 Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Ever Ride with Seatbelt Bicycle Helmet Rollerblade Drunk Driver Helmet Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Percent 100 87 79 80 64 60 40 20 7 9 12 0 Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Seatbelt Bicycle Helmet * Data not presented, n < 100. 79 70 * Rarely/Never Rollerblade Helmet 35 29 39 Ever Ride with Drunk Driver Percent Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Grade 6th 7th 8th 100 80 70 78 78 77 77 67 60 40 20 9 7 10 25 33 39 0 Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Rarely/Never Ever Ride with Seatbelt Bicycle Helmet Rollerblade Drunk Driver Helmet Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 2 Weapon Carrying and Violent Behaviors Percent of middle school students who: Have ever carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club 35% - Significantly more male students than female students have ever carried a weapon. - White students are significantly more likely than Black or Hispanic students to have ever carried a weapon. - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have ever carried a weapon. Have ever been in a physical fight 62% - Significantly more male students than female students have ever been in a physical fight. - Significantly more Black students than White or Hispanic students have ever been in a physical fight. Have ever been in a physical fight resulting in a medically-treated injury 7% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Percent Weopon Carrying and Violent Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 80 60 41 40 28 31 20 0 Ever Carry a W eapon 72 53 57 Ever Been in a Physical Fight 6 6 11 Ever Been in a Physical Fight and Injured Percent Percent Weapon Carrying and Violent Behaviors by Sex Male Female 100 80 60 50 40 19 20 0 Ever Carry a W eapon 75 47 Ever Been in a Physical Fight 85 Ever Been in a Physical Fight and Injured Weapon Carrying and Violent Behaviors by Grade 6th 7th 8th 100 80 60 42 40 30 33 20 0 Ever Carry a W eapon 57 63 64 Ever Been in a Physical Fight 586 Ever Been in a Physical Fight and Injured Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 3 Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Percent of middle school students who: Have ever seriously thought about killing themselves 20% - Female students are significantly more likely than male students to have ever seriously thought about killing themselves. - 7th and 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have ever seriously thought about killing themselves. Have ever made a plan for killing themselves 12% - Significantly more female students than male students have ever made a plan for killing themselves. Have ever attempted suicide 8% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Percent Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 24 20 17 10 0 Ever Seriously Thought About Suicide 10 14 Ever Made a Plan About Suicide 6 10 Ever Attempted Suicide Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 21 18 23 20 10 0 Ever Seriously Thought About Suicide 12 11 11 Ever Made a Plan About Suicide 13 78 Ever Attempted Suicide Percent Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Grade 6th 7th 8th 50 40 30 22 24 20 15 10 0 Ever Seriously Thought About Suicide 9 13 13 689 Ever Made a Plan About Suicide Ever Attempted Suicide Percent Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 4 Tobacco Use Percent of middle school students who: Smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days 7% - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days. Used smokeless tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days 5% - Male students are significantly more likely than female students to have used smokeless tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days. Used any tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days 10% - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have used tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days. Percent Tobacco Use by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 20 10 86 7 3 13 7 0 Current Cigarette Current Smokeless Current Tobacco Use Use Tobacco Use Tobacco Use by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 20 10 7 6 10 635 12 8 12 0 Current Cigarette Current Smokeless Current Tobacco Use Use Tobacco Use Percent Tobacco Use by Grade 6th 7th 8th 50 40 30 20 10 4 7 10 447 6 10 14 0 Current Cigarette Current Smokeless Current Tobacco Use Tobacco Use Use Percent Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 5 Alcohol and Other Drug Use Percent of middle school students who: Have ever had a drink of alcohol (other than a few sips) 37% - Significantly more Hispanic students than Black or White students have ever had a drink of alcohol. - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th or 7th graders to have ever had a drink of alcohol. Have ever used marijuana 9% - Significantly more male students than female students have ever used marijuana. - 7th and 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have ever used marijuana. Have ever used inhalants 13% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Have ever used steroids 3% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Percent 100 80 60 40 51 33 40 20 8 10 11 13 13 18 233 0 Lifetime Alcohol Lifetime Lifetime Inhalant Lifetime Steroid Use Marijuana Use Use Use Percent Percent Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Sex Male Female 100 80 60 39 35 40 20 0 12 7 13 14 32 Lifetime Alcohol Lifetime Lifetime Inhalant Lifetime Steroid Use Marijuana Use Use Use Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Grade 6th 7th 8th 100 80 60 47 37 40 27 20 5 10 13 13 14 13 323 0 Lifetime Alcohol Lifetime Lifetime Inhalant Lifetime Steroid Use Marijuana Use Use Use Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 6 Initiation of Smoking and Drinking Percent of middle school students who: Smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 11 7% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Had their first drink of alcohol (other than a few sips) before age 11 17% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Percent Initiation of Smoking and Drinking by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 20 10 8 5 0 Smoked Cigarette Before Age 11 19 15 Drank Alcohol Before Age 11 Initiation of Smoking and Drinking by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 20 10 7 5 8 0 Smoked Cigarette Before Age 11 19 22 14 Drank Alcohol Before Age 11 Percent Initiation of Smoking and Drinking by Grade 6th 7th 8th 50 40 30 20 10 6 6 8 0 Smoked Cigarette Before Age 11 17 18 15 Drank Alcohol Before Age 11 Percent Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 7 Obesity Percent of middle school students who: Are obese 16% - Significantly more male students than female students are obese. - Black students are significantly more likely than White or Hispanic students to be obese. 50 40 30 20 10 0 Percent Obesity by Sex Male Female 19 12 Are obese Obesity by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 21 20 12 11 10 0 Are obese Percent Obesity by Grade 6th 7th 8th 50 40 30 20 19 16 13 10 0 Are obese Percent Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 8 Weight Loss Practice Percent of middle school students who: Ever exercised to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight 70% - Female students are significantly more likely than male students to exercise to lose or keep from gaining weight. Ever ate less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight 46% - Significantly more female students than male students have ever eaten less to lose or keep from gaining weight. Percent Weight Loss Practices by Sex Male Female 100 79 80 61 60 40 20 0 Exercise to Lose Weight 57 36 Eat Less to Lose Weight Weight Loss Practices by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 80 72 66 75 60 40 20 0 Exercise to Lose Weight 48 44 50 Eat Less to Lose Weight Percent Weight Loss Practices by Grade 6th 7th 8th 100 80 71 68 70 60 40 20 0 Exercise to Lose Weight 48 44 47 Eat Less to Lose Weight Percent Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 9 Dietary Behaviors Percent of middle school students who: Ever went without eating 24 hours or more to lose weight 17% - Significantly more female students than male students have ever gone without eating for 24 hours or more to lose weight. Ever took diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight 5% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Ever vomited or took laxatives to lose weight 6% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Percent Dietary Behaviors by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 20 20 13 10 56 5 7 0 Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. to Vomited/Laxatives to to Lose Weight Lose Weight Lose Weight Dietary Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 20 17 16 18 10 547 676 0 Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. Vomited/Laxatives to to Lose Weight to Lose Weight Lose Weight Percent Dietary Behaviors by Grade 6th 7th 8th 50 40 30 20 16 16 19 10 546 657 0 Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. Vomited/Laxatives to to Lose Weight to Lose Weight Lose Weight Percent Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 10 Nutritional Behaviors Percent of middle school students who: Ate breakfast on all days of the past seven days 42% - Significantly more male students than female students ate breakfast each day of the past week. - 6th graders are significantly more likely than 8th graders to eat breakfast every day. 100 80 60 40 20 0 Percent Nutritional Behaviors by Sex Male Female 47 36 Ate Breakfast on All Days of Past Week Nutritional Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 80 60 44 38 44 40 20 0 Ate Breakfast on All Days of Past Week Percent Nutritional Behaviors by Grade 6th 7th 8th 100 80 60 48 42 40 35 20 0 Ate Breakfast on All Days of Past Week Percent Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 11 Physical Activity Percent of middle school students who: Exercised or participated in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat or breathe hard on 3 or more of the past 7 days 71% - Significantly more White students than Black or Hispanic students exercised or participated in vigorous physical activity. 100 80 60 40 20 0 Percent Physical Activity by Sex Male Female 74 69 Vigorous Physical Activity Physical Activity by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 78 80 65 64 60 40 20 0 Vigorous Physical Activity Percent Physical Activity by Grade 6th 7th 8th 100 80 68 75 72 60 40 20 0 Vigorous Physical Activity Percent Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 12 Physical Education Percent of middle school students who: Attend physical education class on one or more days during the week 65% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Attend physical education class daily 35% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Played on some sports teams 54% - White students are significantly more likely than Hispanic students to have played on some sports teams. Percent Physical Education by Sex Male Female 100 80 67 62 60 40 20 0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week 36 34 PE Class Daily 57 50 Played on Sports Team Percent Physical Education by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 80 65 67 56 60 40 20 0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week 37 34 24 PE Class Daily 58 52 43 Played on Sports Team Percent Physical Education by Grade 6th 7th 8th 100 80 65 64 67 60 40 20 0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week 32 34 40 PE Class Daily 54 54 54 Played on Sports Team Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 13 Sedentary Behaviors Percent of middle school students who: Watched 3 hours or more of TV per day on an average school day 49% - Significantly more Black students than White or Hispanic students watch 3 hours or more of TV per day on an average school day. Played video or computer games or used a computer for something 100 that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an average school day 22% 80 Percent - Male students are significantly more likely than female students to have played video or computer games or used a computer for 60 something that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an 40 average school day. - Significantly more Black students than White students spend 3 hours 20 or more per day on an average school day playing video or computer games or using a computer for something that is not school work. 0 - 8th graders are significantly more likely than 6th graders to have played video or computer games or used a computer for something that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an average school day. Sedentary Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Percent 100 100 80 66 80 Percent 60 47 60 40 36 27 40 18 18 20 20 0 0 TV 3+ Hours Video/Computer 3+ Hours Sedentary Behaviors by Sex Male Female 50 48 TV 3+ Hours 28 15 Video/Computer 3+ Hours Sedentary Behaviors by Grade 6th 7th 8th 48 49 49 TV 3+ Hours 27 19 20 Video/Computer 3+ Hours Middle School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 14 High School Findings Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries Percent of high school students who: Rarely or never wear a seatbelt while riding in a car 10% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Rarely or never wear a seatbelt while driving a car 6% - Significantly more male students than female students rarely or never wear a seatbelt while driving a car. Rarely or never wear a bicycle helmet 86% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Percent Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Sex Male Female 100 90 80 80 60 40 20 11 8 0 Rarely/Never Seatbelt W hile Riding 9 3 Rarely/Never Seatbelt W hile Driving Rarely/Never Bicycle Helmet Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 92 80 80 Percent 60 40 20 10 9 7 0 Rarely/Never Seatbelt While Riding * Data not presented, n < 100. 655 * Rarely/Never Seatbelt While Driving Rarely/Never Bicycle Helmet Percent Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 100 88 87 91 80 71 60 40 20 17 888 0 Rarely/Never Seatbelt W hile Riding 4 5 6 10 Rarely/Never Seatbelt W hile Driving Rarely/Never Bicycle Helmet High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 16 Drinking and Driving Percent of high school students who: Rode in a car driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol one or more times in the past 30 days 27% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Drove a car when they had been drinking alcohol one or more times in the past 30 days - 9% - Significantly more White students than Black students have driven a car after drinking. - 11th and 12th graders are significantly more likely than 9th graders to have driven after drinking. Percent Drinking and Driving by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 27 26 20 10 0 Rode With Drunk Driver 11 7 Drove After Drinking Drinking and Driving by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 28 26 28 20 10 0 Rode With Drunk Driver 12 5 6 Drove After Drinking Percent Drinking and Driving by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 31 30 26 28 22 20 10 0 Rode With Drunk Driver 19 4 7 9 Drove After Drinking Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 17 Weapon Carrying Percent of high school students who: Carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on one or more of the past 30 days 22% - Significantly more male students than female students have carried a weapon in the past 30 days. - Significantly more White students than Black students have carried a weapon in the past 30 days. Carried a gun on one or more of the past 30 days 8% - Significantly more male students than female students have carried a gun in the past 30 days. Percent Weapon Carrying by Sex Male Female 50 40 33 30 20 11 10 0 Carry a Weapon Past 30 Days 12 4 Carry a Gun Past 30 Days Weapon Carrying by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 27 27 20 15 10 0 Carry a Weapon Past 30 Days 10 5 7 Carry a Gun Past 30 Days Percent Weapon Carrying by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 30 23 22 24 19 20 10 0 Carry a Weapon Past 30 Days 12 875 Carry a Gun Past 30 Days Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 18 Violent Behaviors Percent of high school students who: Have been in one or more physical fights in the past 12 months 34% - Significantly more male students than female students have been in a physical fight in the past 12 months. - Black students are significantly more likely than White students to have been in a physical fight in the past 12 months. - Significantly more 9th graders than 12th graders have been in a physical fight in the past 12 months. Have been in one or more physical fights resulting in a medicallytreated injury in the past 12 months - 4% - Significantly more male students than female students have been in a fight in which they were hurt and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse in the past 12 months. Were ever hit, slapped, or physically hurt on purpose by their boyfriend or girlfriend in the past 12 months - 14% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Violent Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Percent 50 44 39 40 29 30 20 13 16 9 10 434 0 Physical Fight Past 12 Months Physical Fight and Dating Violence Past Injured Past 12 12 Months Months Percent Percent Violent Behaviors by Sex Male Female 50 43 40 30 25 20 15 13 10 52 0 Physical Fight Past Physical Fight and Dating Violence Past 12 Months Injured Past 12 12 Months Months Violent Behaviors by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 40 32 34 30 26 25 20 11 12 12 10 4343 0 Physical Fight Past 12 Months Physical Fight and Dating Violence Past Injured Past 12 12 Months Months High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 19 Percent Sad/Hopeless Almost Every Day Seriously Thought About Suicide Made a Plan About Suicide Attempted Suicide Attempted Suicide and Injured Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Percent of high school students who: Ever felt so sad/hopeless every day for 2+ weeks they stopped usual activities 29% - Significantly more female students than male students have ever felt so sad/hopeless they stopped their usual activities. Seriously thought about suicide in the past 12 months 17% - Significantly more female students than male students have seriously 5 0 thought about suicide. 40 -10th graders are significantly more likely than 11th graders to have 30 seriously thought about suicide. 20 10 Made a plan for suicide in the past 12 months 15% 0 - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ ethnic groups, or grades. Attempted suicide one or more times in the past 12 months - 8% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ ethnic groups, or grades. Attempted suicide in the past 12 months resulting in a medicallytreated injury - 2% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Sex M ale F em ale 36 22 23 11 18 12 5 10 Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 22 Percent 50 42 40 31 30 26 20 18 15 18 16 14 12 10 0 Sad/Hopeless Seriously Made a Plan Almost Every Thought About About Suicide Day Suicide * Data not presented, n < 100. High School Findings 6 10 * Attempted Suicide 13 * Attempted Suicide and Injured Percent 50 40 30 29 32 29 26 20 16 20 13 21 21 13 14 13 10 0 Sad/Hopeless Seriously Made a Plan Almost Every Thought About About Suicide Day Suicide 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 9867 Attempted Suicide 2323 Attempted Suicide and Injured 20 Tobacco Use Percent of high school students who: Smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days 17% - Significantly more White students than Black students smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days. Used smokeless tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days 7% - Significantly more male students than female students used smokeless tobacco in the past 30 days. - White students are significantly more likely than Black or Hispanic students to have used smokeless tobacco in the past 30 days. Used any tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days 24% - Significantly more male students than female students used some form of tobacco in the past 30 days. - White students are significantly more likely than Black students to have used some form of tobacco in the past 30 days. - Significantly more 12th graders than 9th graders used some form of tobacco in the past 30 days. Percent Tobacco Use by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 20 19 15 10 0 Current Cigarette Use 12 2 Current Smokeless Tobacco Use 29 19 Current Tobacco Use Tobacco Use by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Percent 50 40 30 22 20 10 10 * 0 Current Cigarette Use *Data not presented, n<100 12 23 Current Smokeless Tobacco Use 30 17 * Current Tobacco Use Percent Tobacco Use by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 30 20 23 20 14 15 10 0 Current Cigarette Use 5 10 6 8 Current Smokeless Tobacco Use 33 27 19 22 Current Tobacco Use High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 21 Alcohol Use Percent of high school students who: Ever had at least one drink of alcohol during their life 73% - Significantly more White students than Black students have ever had a drink of alcohol during their life. - 11th and 12th graders are significantly more likely than 9th graders to have ever had a drink of alcohol. 12th graders are also significantly more likely than 10th graders to have ever had a drink of alcohol. Had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more of the past 30 days 40% - Significantly more White students than Black students have drunk alcohol in the past 30 days. -11th and 12th graders are significantly more likely than 9th graders to have drunk alcohol in the past 30 days. Had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (within a couple of hours) on one or more of the past 30 days 21% - Significantly more White students than Black or Hispanic students reported binge drinking in the past 30 days. - 11th and 12th graders are significantly more likely than 9th graders to report binge drinking in the past 30 days. Alcohol Use by Race/Ethnicity Percent White Black Hispanic 100 80 76 69 78 60 46 40 40 31 20 0 Lifetime Alcohol Use Current Alcohol Use 29 10 15 Current Binge Drinking Percent Percent Alcohol Use by Sex Male Female 100 80 71 75 60 39 41 40 20 0 Lifetime Alcohol Use Current Alcohol Use 22 20 Current Binge Drinking Alcohol Use by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 100 80 65 70 78 86 60 40 46 51 31 38 20 0 Lifetime Alcohol Use Current Alcohol Use 33 13 21 22 Current Binge Drinking High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 22 Current Drug Use Percent of high school students who: Have used marijuana on one or more of the past 30 days 19% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Have used cocaine on one or more of the past 30 days 3% - Significantly more White students than Black students have used cocaine in the past 30 days. Percent Current Drug Use by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 20 20 17 10 0 Current Marijuana Use 4 2 Current Cocaine Use Current Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 20 18 20 15 10 0 Current Marijuana Use 4 1 4 Current Cocaine Use Percent Current Drug Use by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 30 20 16 19 23 20 10 0 Current Marijuana Use 2533 Current Cocaine Use Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 23 Lifetime Drug Use Percent of high school students who: Have ever used inhalants 15% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Have ever used heroin 4% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Have ever used methamphetamines 6% - Significantly more White students than Black students have ever used methamphetamines. Have ever used ecstasy 5% - Significantly more White students than Black students have ever used ecstasy. Have ever used steroids 4% - Significantly more White students than Hispanic students have ever used steroids. Percent Lifetime Drug Use by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 20 17 13 10 44 67 64 53 0 Lifetime Inhalant Use Lifetime Heroin Use Lifetime Lifetime Ecstacy Use Lifetime Steroid Use Methamphetamine Use Lifetime Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 19 20 10 13 10 623 10 24 735 531 0 Lifetime Inhalant Lifetime Heroin Use Lifetime Lifetime Ecstacy Lifetime Steroid Use Use Methamphetamine Use Use Percent Lifetime Drug Use by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 30 21 20 15 13 11 10 13 132 10 476 5655 3733 0 Lifetime Inhalant Use Lifetime Heroin Use Lifetime Methamphetamine Use Lifetime Ecstacy Lifetime Steroid Use Use Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 24 Drug Transactions at School Percent of high school students who: Were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property in the past 12 months 31% - Significantly more male students than female students have been offered, sold, or given drugs on school property in the past 12 months. - Hispanic students are significantly more likely than Black or White students to have been offered, sold, or given drugs on school property in the past 12 months Percent Drug Transactions at School by Sex Male Female 50 40 34 30 27 20 10 0 Offered, Sold, or Given Illegal Drugs on School Property Drug Transactions at School by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 48 50 40 29 30 30 20 10 0 Offered, Sold, or Given Illegal Drugs on School Property Percent Drug Transactions at School by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 29 32 32 31 30 20 10 0 Offered, Sold, or Given Illegal Drugs on School Property Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 25 Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use Percent of high school students who: Smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13 15% - Significantly more male students than female students smoked a whole cigarette before age 13. - Hispanic students are significantly more likely than Black students to have smoked a whole cigarette before age 13. Had their first drink of alcohol (other than a few sips) before age 13 27% - Significantly more Hispanic students than White students had their first drink of alcohol before age 13. - 9th graders are significantly more likely than 10th or 11th graders to have had their first drink of alcohol before age 13. Tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 8% - Significantly more male students than female students tried marijuana for the first time before age 13. Percent Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 18 20 12 10 29 25 0 Smoked Cigarette Drank Alcohol Before Before Age 13 Age 13 11 5 Tried Marijuana Before Age 13 Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 22 20 16 12 10 41 29 23 797 0 Smoked Cigarette Drank Alcohol Before Tried Marijuana Before Age 13 Age 13 Before Age 13 Percent Initiation of Smoking, Drinking, and Marijuana Use by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 30 20 18 13 15 12 10 33 23 23 26 10 8 7 8 0 Smoked Cigarette Drank Alcohol Before Tried Marijuana Before Age 13 Age 13 Before Age 13 Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 26 Obesity Percent of high school students who: Are obese 12% - Significantly more Black students than White students are obese. 50 40 30 20 10 0 Percent Obesity by Sex Male Female 15 10 Are obese Obesity by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 20 16 17 10 10 0 Are obese Percent Obesity by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 30 20 14 14 11 10 10 0 Are obese Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 27 Weight Loss Practices Percent of high school students who: Exercised to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight during the past 30 days 59% - Significantly more female students than male students have exercised to lose or keep from gaining weight in the past 30 days. - Significantly more White students than Black students have exercised to lose or keep from graining weight in the past 30 days. Ate less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight during the past 30 days 37% - Female students are significantly more likely than male students to eat less to lose or keep from gaining weight. - White and Hispanic students are significantly more likely than Black students to eat less to lose or keep from gaining weight. Percent Weight Loss Practices by Sex Male Female 100 80 69 60 49 40 20 0 Exercise to Lose Weight 51 23 Eat Less to Lose Weight Weight Loss Practices by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 80 64 68 60 52 40 20 0 Exercise to Lose Weight 43 45 27 Eat Less to Lose Weight Percent Weight Loss Practices by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 100 80 60 62 61 55 55 40 20 0 Exercise to Lose Weight 35 34 41 39 Eat Less to Lose Weight Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 28 Dietary Behaviors Percent of high school students who: Went without eating 24 hours or more to lose weight in the past 30 days 12% - Female students are significantly more likely than male students to go without eating 24 hours or more to lose weight. Took diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight in the past 30 days 7% - Significantly more White students than Black students took diet pills, powders, or liquids to lose weight in the past 30 days. Vomited or took laxatives to lose weight in the past 30 days 5% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Percent Dietary Behaviors by Sex Male Female 50 40 30 20 15 8 10 58 47 0 Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. Vomited/Laxatives to to Lose Weight to Lose Weight Lose Weight Dietary Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 50 40 30 20 20 13 9 10 9 44 556 0 Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. to Vomited/Laxatives to to Lose Weight Lose Weight Lose Weight Percent Dietary Behaviors by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 50 40 30 20 13 10 13 9 10 5768 6456 0 Gone Without Eating Taken Diet Pills Etc. Vomited/Laxatives to to Lose Weight to Lose Weight Lose Weight Percent High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 29 Nutritional Behaviors Percent of high school students who: Drank 100% fruit juice one or more times in the past 7 days 79% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Ate 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day in the past 7 days 18% - There are no significant differences among males and females, racial/ethnic groups, or grades. Drank 3 or more glasses of milk per day in the past 7 days 11% - Significantly more male students than female students drank 3 or more glasses of milk per day in the past 7 days. - White students are significantly more likely than Black students to have drunk 3 or more glasses of milk per day in the past 7 days. Ate breakfast on all days of the past seven days 31% - Significantly more male students than female students ate breakfast each day of the past week. - White students are significantly more likely than Black students to eat breakfast every day. Nutritional Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Percent 100 76 82 81 80 60 40 20 15 21 17 14 9 8 37 23 29 0 Drank 100% Ate 5+ Servings Drank 3+ Ate Breakfast Fruit Juice of Fruits and Glasses of Milk on All Days of Vegetables Past Week Percent Percent Nutritional Behaviors by Sex Male Female 100 80 78 80 60 40 20 0 Drank 100% Fruit Juice 20 16 16 6 35 27 Ate 5+ Servings of Fruits and Vegetables Drank 3+ Ate Breakfast Glasses of Milk on All Days of Past Week Nutritional Behaviors by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 100 77 79 81 79 80 60 40 20 17 19 19 17 13 12 11 7 33 34 28 27 0 Drank 100% Ate 5+ Servings Drank 3+ Ate Breakfast Fruit Juice of Fruits and Glasses of Milk on All Days of Vegetables Past Week High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 30 Physical Activity Percent of high school students who: Exercised or participated in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat and breathe hard on 3 or more of the past 7 days 61% - Significantly more male students than female students exercised or participated in vigorous physical activity. - White students are significantly more likely than Black students to exercise or participate in vigorous physical activity. Meet current physical activity recommendations1 34% - Significantly more male students than female students meet the current physical activity recommendations. - White students are significantly more likely than Black or Hispanic students to meet the current physical activity recommendations. Participated in no vigorous or moderate physical activity in the past 7 days 10% - Significantly more female students than male students did not participate in any vigorous or moderate physical activity. - Black students are significantly more likely than White or Hispanic students to not participate in any vigorous or moderate physical activity. Physical Activity by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 80 60 66 54 63 40 20 0 Vigorous Physical Activity 39 28 25 Meet Physical Activity Recommendations 7 14 6 No Physical Activity Percent Percent Percent Physical Activity by Sex Male Female 100 80 71 60 52 40 20 44 24 6 13 0 Vigorous Physical Meet Physical Activity No Physical Activity Activity Recommendations Physical Activity by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 100 80 65 64 56 56 60 40 20 36 36 27 34 9 8 11 12 0 Vigorous Physical Meet Physical Activity No Physical Activity Activity Recommendations 1 Current physical activity recommendations are 60 minutes or more per day on 5 or more days per week. High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 31 Physical Education Percent of high school students who: Attend physical education class on one or more days during the week 42% - Significantly more male students than female students attended PE class on one or more days during an average week. - 9th graders are significantly more likely than 10th, 11th, or 12th graders to have attended PE class on one or more days during an average week. Attend physical education class daily 36% - Significantly more male students than female students attended PE classes daily. - 9th graders are significantly more likely than 10th, 11th, or 12th graders to have attended PE class daily. Played on one or more sports teams in the past 12 months 56% - Significantly more male students than female students have played on one or more sports teams in the past 12 months. Percent Physical Education by Sex Male Female 100 80 60 52 40 32 20 0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week 44 27 PE Class Daily 64 48 Played on Sports Team Physical Education by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Percent 100 80 60 42 40 40 20 * 0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week * Data not presented, n < 100. 39 30 * PE Class Daily 58 54 51 Played on Sports Team Percent Physical Education by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 100 80 62 60 40 36 34 27 20 0 PE Class 1+ Days per Week 53 33 29 21 PE Class Daily 56 61 52 53 Played on Sports Team High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 32 Sedentary Behaviors Percent of high school students who: Watched 3 hours or more of TV per day on an average school day 42% - Black students are significantly more likely than White students to have watched 3 hours or more of TV per day on an average school day. - Significantly more 9th graders than 12th graders watched 3 hours or 100 more of TV per day on an average school day. 80 Played video or computer games or used a computer for something that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an average 60 Percent school day 19% - Male students are significantly more likely than female students to 40 have played video or computer games or used a computer for 20 something that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an average school day. 0 - Significantly more 9th graders than 11th or 12th graders played video or computer games or used a computer for something that is not school work for 3 hours or more per day on an average school day. Sedentary Behaviors by Sex Male Female 43 42 TV 3+ Hours 24 15 Video/Computer 3+ Hours Percent Sedentary Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic 100 80 60 60 44 40 30 20 0 TV 3+ Hours 18 20 22 Video/Computer 3+ Hours Percent Sedentary Behaviors by Grade 9th 10th 11th 12th 100 80 60 47 44 41 40 32 20 0 TV 3+ Hours 23 21 17 14 Video/Computer 3+ Hours High School Findings 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 33 Appendices Appendix A: National Health Objectives and Leading Health Indicators from Healthy People 20101 measured by the Georgia Student Health Survey, 2005, High School Objective No. 15 - 19 15 - 21 15 - 38 15 - 39 18 - 2 22 - 6 22 - 7 22 - 9 22 - 10 22 - 11 25 - 11 26 6 27 - 2 27 2a 27 2b 27 2c 27 2d 27 7 Increase use of safety belts. Objective Increase the proportion of motorcyclists using helmets. Reduce physical fighting among adolescents. Reduce weapon carrying by adolescents on school property. Reduce the rate of suicide attempts by adolescents. Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes on 5 or more of the previous 7 days. Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage in vigorous physical activity that promotes cardiorespiratory fitness 3 or more days per week for 20 or more minutes per occasion. Increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical education. Increase the proportion of adolescents who spend at least 50% of school physical education class time being physically active. Increase the proportion of adolescents who view television < 2 hours on a school day. Increase the proportion of adolescents who abstain from sexual intercourse or use condoms, if currently sexually active. Reduce the proportion of adolescents who report that they rode, during the previous 30 days, with a driver who had been drinking alcohol. Reduce tobacco use by adolescents. Reduce tobacco product use (past month). Reduce cigarette use (past month). Reduce spit tobacco use (past month). Reduce cigar use (past month). Increase tobacco use cessation attempts by adolescent smokers. 2010 Target (%) 92 79 32 4.9 1.0 35 85 50 50 75 95 30 21 16 1 8 84 Data from 2003 GA Student Health Survey (%) 90.6 - 31.4 5.0 - 8.5 25.4 59.0 29.1 31.0 57.6 24.0 - 26.1 20.9 7.6 13.9 59.4 Data from 2005 GA Student Health Survey (%) 90.4 - 33.8 - 7.5 7.8 23.7 61.3 35.9 32.7 57.6 26.7 - 24.1 17.2 - 7.4 15.1 57.3 1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. With understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health. In: Healthy People 2010 (Conference ed, in 2 vols.). Washington, D.C. NOTE: The presence of a happy face indicates that Georgia high school students met or were within 1-2% of the Healthy People 2010 objective for that health behavior. Georgia Student Health Survey data not collected for this behavior. Appendix AB 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 35 Appendix B: Methodology The purpose of the Georgia Student Health Survey was to gather data on behaviors among youth related to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Questionnaire Development Two self-administered, anonymous questionnaires were developed by the Georgia Division of Public Health for the survey. One questionnaire was developed for middle school students and contained 52 items. The other questionnaire was developed for high school students, and contained 90 items. Both questionnaires were modeled after the core Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Both questionnaires covered five topics from the YRBS: 1) behaviors that result in unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) dietary behaviors; and 5) physical activity. Additional questions about asthma were added to both questionnaires. Additionally, the high school questionnaires asked about gambling. No questions about sexual behavior were included in either of the questionnaires. Sampling Sample Design A separate middle school and high school sample was selected, with an objective of having 95% confidence limits of approximately +5% around prevalence estimate of key variables. The sampling frame consisted of all regular public schools containing students enrolled in grades 6-8 for the middle schools and 9-12 for the high schools. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce a representative sample of middle school students in grades 6-8 and high school students in grade 9-12. The sampling program PC-Sample was used to draw both the middle school and high school samples. Sampling Procedures School level The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all public schools containing any of grades 6-8 for the middle schools and 9-12 for the high schools. Schools were selected systematically with probability proportional to school enrollment size (PPS) using a random start. The sample included 50 public middle schools and 50 public high schools. Class level The second sampling stage consisted of systematic equal probability sampling (with a random start) of classes from each middle school and high school that participated in the survey. All classes in a required subject or all classes meeting during a particular period of the day, depending on the school, were included in the sampling frame. Student level All students in the selected classes were eligible to participate in the survey. Student make-ups were also conducted. Appendix B 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 36 Appendix B: Methodology (cont'd) Data Collection Recruitment of Sampled Districts and Schools School district and school recruitment began in mid January 2005. Tailored letters of invitation were sent to the school districts. These letters were followed by phone calls directly to the superintendent to answer questions and obtain permission to contact the school. School packets were included with the district invitation packet and the superintendents were asked to forward these on to the principal after their approval was received. The recruitment process sometimes included the completion of special research proposals, attendance at board meetings and principal meetings, and other clearance procedures. As soon as notification was received that a school packet had been sent to the principal, the principal was called, a contact person was assigned, classes selected, and a date for data collection was scheduled. Classroom-level Data Collection The Georgia Student Health Survey was administered between March 7 and May 24, 2005 by six specially trained field staff. The data collectors were recruited from a variety of sources, including local and state retired teachers' associations, local universities, and job fairs. They completed an intensive training that included lectures, simulations, and group role plays and discussions. Detailed arrangements and survey schedules were set prior to each school visit. Weighting For both the middle school and high school data, a weight variable was calculated for each student record to reflect the likelihood of sampling each student and to reduce bias by compensating for differing patterns of non-response. The weight used for estimation is given by: W = W1 * W2 * f1 * f2 * f3 W1 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the school W2 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the classroom within the school f1 = a school-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by school size category (small, medium, large) f2 = a student-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by class f3 = a post stratification adjustment factor calculated by sex, grade, and race Appendix B 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 37 Appendix B: Methodology (cont'd) Georgia Student Health Survey Response Rates Middle High Selected 50 50 School Participated 46 43 Response Rate (%) 92.0 86.0 Selected 2,187 1,962 Student Participated 1,923 1,755 GeGoregoiargSiatuSdteundteHnteHalethalSthuSrvueryveDyeDmeomgoragprhapichDicisDtrisibtruibtiuotnioonf oSfaSmapmleple Response Rate (%) 87.9 89.4 Overall1 Response Rate (%) 80.9 76.9 Sex Male Female Middle School n % 920 51.5 999 48.5 High School n % 835 50.2 915 49.8 Grade 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 534 33.3 682 33.3 691 33.2 525 32.6 479 25.9 428 22.0 307 19.3 Race/ethnicity White 855 48.8 803 52.1 Black 721 39.8 702 38.2 Hispanic 146 7.2 110 5.8 Statistical Significance SUDAAN was used to compute 95% confidence intervals, which were used to determine the differences among subgroups at the p <0.05 level. Differences between prevalence estimates were considered statistically significant if the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. 1 Overall Response Rate = School Response Rate * Student Response Rate Appendix B 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 38 Appendix C: Survey Questions1 1. How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car? [wording used with middle school students] 2. How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else? [wording used with high school students] 3. How often do you wear a seat belt when driving a car? [asked only of high school students] 4. When you ride a bicycle, how often do you wear a helmet? [wording used with middle school students] 5. When you rode a bicycle during the past 12 months, how often did you wear a helmet? [wording used with high school students] 6. When you rollerblade or ride a skateboard, how often do you wear a helmet? [asked only of middle school students] 7. Have you ever ridden in a car driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol? [wording used with middle school students] 8. During the past 30 days, how many times did you ride in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol? [wording used with high school students] 9. During the past 30 days, how many times did you drive a car or other vehicle when you had been drinking alcohol? [asked only of high school students] 10. Have you ever carried a weapon, such as a gun, knife, or club? [wording used with middle school students] 11. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club? [wording used with high school students] 12. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a gun? [asked only of high school students] 13. Have you ever been in a physical fight? [wording used with middle school students] 14. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight? [wording used with high school students] 15. Have you ever been in a physical fight in which you were hurt and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse? [wording used with middle school students] 16. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight in which you were injured and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse? [wording used with high school students] 17. During the past 12 months, did your boyfriend or girlfriend ever hit, slap, or physically hurt you on purpose? [asked only of high school students] 1 Questions were identical for middle school and high school students, unless otherwise specified. Appendix C 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 39 Appendix C: Survey Questions (cont'd) 18. During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities? [asked only of high school students] 19. Have you ever seriously thought about killing yourself? [wording used with middle school students] 20. During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide? [wording used with high school students] 21. Have you ever made a plan about how you would kill yourself? [wording used with middle school students] 22. During the past 12 months, did you make a plan about how you would attempt suicide? [wording used with high school students] 23. Have you ever tried to kill yourself? [wording used with middle school students] 24. During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide? [wording used with high school students] 25. If you attempted suicide during the past 12 months, did any attempt result in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse? [asked only of high school students] 26. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes? 27. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip, such as Redman, Levi Garrett, Beechnut, Skoal, Skoal Bandits, or Copenhagen? 28. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars2? 29. Have you ever had a drink of alcohol, other than a few sips? [wording used with middle school students] 30. During your life, on how many days have you had at least one drink of alcohol? [wording used with high school students] 31. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink of alcohol? [asked only of high school students] 32. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have five or more drinks of alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple of hours? [asked only of high school students] 33. Have you ever used marijuana? [asked only of middle school students] 2 Cigar use in the past 30 days is not presented in this report; however, current tobacco use is presented as a composite of students who have reported using cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and/or cigars on one or more days in the past 30 days. Appendix C 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 40 Appendix C: Survey Questions (cont'd) 34. During the past 30 days, how many times did you use marijuana? [asked only of high school students] 35. During the past 30 days, how many times did you use any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase? [asked only of high school students] 36. Have you ever sniffed glue, or breathed the contents of spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high? [wording used with middle school students] 37. During your life, how many times have you sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high? [wording used with high school students] 38. During your life, how many times have you used heroin (also called smack, junk, or China White)? [asked only of high school students] 39. During your life, how many times have you used methamphetamines (also called speed, crystal, crank, or ice)? [asked only of high school students] 40. During your life, how many times have you used ecstasy (also called MDMA)? [asked only of high school students] 41. Have you ever used steroids? [wording used with middle school students] 42. During your life, how many times have you taken steroid pills or shots without a doctor's prescription? [wording used with high school students] 43. During the past 12 months, has anyone offered, sold, or given you an illegal drug on school property? [asked only of high school students] 44. How old were you when you smoked a whole cigarette for the first time? 45. How old were you when you had your first drink of alcohol other than a few sips? 46. How old were you when you tried marijuana for the first time? 47. How tall are you without your shoes on? 48. How much do you weigh without your shoes on? 49. Have you ever exercised to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students] 50. During the past 30 days, did you exercise to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students] 51. Have you ever eaten less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students] Appendix C 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 41 Appendix C: Survey Questions (cont'd) 52. During the past 30 days, did you eat less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students] 53. Have you ever gone without eating for 24 hours or more (also called fasting) to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students] 54. During the past 30 days, did you go without eating for 24 hours or more (also called fasting) to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students] 55. Have you ever taken any diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students] 56. During the past 30 days, did you take any diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students] 57. Have you ever vomited or taken laxatives to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with middle school students] 58. During the past 30 days, did you vomit or take laxatives to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? [wording used with high school students] 59. During the past seven days, how many times did you drink 100% fruit juices such as orange juice, apple juice, or grape juice? [asked only of high school students] 60. During the past seven days, how many times did you eat fruit? [asked only of high school students] 61. During the past seven days, how many times did you eat green salad3? [asked only of high school students] 62. During the past seven days, how many glasses of milk did you drink? [asked only of high school students] 63. On how many of the past seven days did you eat breakfast? 64. On how many of the past seven days did you exercise or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe hard, such as basketball, soccer, running, swimming laps, fast bicycling, fast dancing, or similar aerobic activities? 65. During the past seven days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day? [asked only of high school students] 3 Consumption of green salad, potatoes, carrots, and other vegetables are not presented individually in this report; however, consumption of vegetables is presented as a composite of these variables. Appendix C 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 42 Appendix C: Survey Questions (cont'd) 66. On how many of the past seven days did you participate in physical activity for at least 30 minutes that did not make you sweat or breathe hard, such as fast walking, slow bicycling, skating, pushing a lawn mower, or mopping floors? [asked only of high school students] 67. In an average week when you are in school, on how many days do you go to physical education (PE) classes? 68. Do you play on any sports teams? [wording used with middle school students] 69. During the past 12 months, on how many sports teams did you play? [wording used with high school students] 70. On an average school day, how many hours do you watch TV? 71. On an average school day, how many hours do you play video or computer games or use a computer for something that is not school work? Race/Ethnicity is based on responses to a question how the student describes himself/herself. Answer categories were: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and white. Appendix C 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 43 Appendix D: Detailed Data Tables for Middle School and High School Students 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Table 1: Risk Behaviors for Unintentional Injuries by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Unintentional Injuries Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic Never/Rarely Seatbelt Riding in Car % (95% CI) 8.5 (+1.8) 10.6 (+2.8) 6.2 (+1.8) 9.2 (+2.7) 6.9 (+2.4) 9.5 (+3.2) 7.3 (+2.2) 9.1 (+2.3) 12.4 (+5.1) Never/Rarely Seatbelt Driving Car % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Never/Rarely Bicycle Helmet % (95% CI) 74.8 (+4.6) 76.3 (+5.0) 73.1 (+5.0) 69.6 (+9.2) 77.8 (+5.3) 78.0 (+4.5) 64.0 (+6.5) 87.1 (+3.4) 78.7 (+9.0) High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic 9.6 (+3.7) 10.7 (+3.3) 8.5 (+4.8) 7.6 (+2.1) 8.1 (+2.8) 7.5 (+1.8) 17.1 (+16.5) 10.1 (+5.5) 9.0 (+2.7) 7.0 (+7.4) 5.7 (+1.7) 8.5 (+2.5) 2.8 (+1.5) 3.8 (+1.7) 4.6 (+2.0) 5.9 (+2.7) 9.8 (+5.5) 6.2 (+2.1) 5.3 (+2.1) 4.5 (+6.4) 85.6 (+6.5) 89.9 (+5.7) 79.6 (+8.5) 88.1 (+6.2) 87.3 (+5.1) 91.4 (+4.5) 71.0(+24.8) 80.3 (+10.1) 91.9 (+3.5) Never/Rarely Helmet While Skateboarding/ Rollerblading % (95% CI) 73.2 (+5.0) 75.4 (+4.6) 71.0 (+7.0) 66.8 (+9.0) 77.0 (+6.0) 77.3 (+5.2) 69.9 (+6.8) 79.2 (+4.2) Rode with Drunk Driver* % (95% CI) 32.5 (+3.0) 33.9 (+3.4) 30.9 (+3.7) 25.3 (+3.6) 33.5 (+4.3) 38.5 (+4.6) 34.6 (+4.8) 29.2 (+3.3) 38.6 (+8.2) Drove After Drinking Past 30 Days % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 26.7 (+3.2) 8.8 (+2.9) N/A 26.9 (+3.6) 11.0 (+3.4) N/A 26.4 (+5.2) 6.5 (+2.9) N/A 26.1 (+5.1) 4.2 (+1.4) N/A 27.8 (+6.2) 6.8 (+3.0) N/A 22.2 (+4.4) 9.1 (+2.7) N/A 31.5 (+9.1) 18.7 (+11.6) N/A 27.8 (+4.5) 11.7 (+4.2) N/A 25.5 (+3.8) 5.2 (+1.8) N/A 27.8 (+5.9) 6.0 (+7.6) * Rode in vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol ever in lifetime (middle school); 1+ times in the past 30 days (high school). Data not presented, n < 100. Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 44 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 2: Weapon Carrying and Violent Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Violent Behaviors Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic Carried a Weapon* % (95% CI) 35.1 (+3.0) 50.3 (+5.4) 19.4 (+2.1) 30.4 (+5.0) 32.7 (+4.6) 41.9 (+4.7) 40.5 (+3.3) 28.0 (+4.0) 30.9 (+5.6) High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic 22.1 (+3.9) 33.3 (+4.6) 10.7 (+4.3) 22.7 (+5.9) 22.0 (+3.4) 18.7 (+3.5) 24.3 (+13.0) 26.6 (+5.4) 15.1 (+4.2) 27.2 (+19.2) Carried a Gun % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.6 (+2.8) 11.6 (+2.9) 3.5 (+3.7) 7.5 (+3.4) 6.5 (+3.3) 5.4 (+2.3) 11.8 (+12.5) 9.7 (+4.7) 4.8 (+2.3) 7.0 (+6.1) Physical Fight** % (95% CI) 61.6 (+3.3) 75.0 (+2.4) 47.4 (+4.9) 57.4 (+5.8) 62.8 (+4.4) 64.5 (+4.9) 53.3 (+3.8) 72.5 (+3.5) 57.0 (+6.8) 33.8 (+2.7) 43.0 (+3.6) 24.7 (+3.3) 39.8 (+6.1) 32.1 (+3.8) 33.6 (+3.8) 26.5 (+5.3) 28.7 (+3.6) 39.0 (+4.3) 43.9 (+16.5) Physical Fight with Injury** % (95% CI) 6.5 (+1.2) 7.7 (+2.2) 5.3 (+1.5) 5.3 (+2.2) 8.0 (+1.8) 6.2 (+2.1) 6.4 (+1.9) 5.5 (+1.5) 10.8 (+4.0) 3.7 (+0.9) 5.1 (+1.3) 2.3 (+1.0) 4.2 (+1.5) 3.1 (+1.7) 3.9 (+1.6) 3.2 (+1.7) 3.7 (+1.3) 3.3 (+1.1) 4.1 (+2.4) Dating Violence % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 14.2 (+3.4) 15.3 (+3.4) 13.0 (+4.2) 10.8 (+2.9) 11.8 (+2.7) 12.4 (+2.6) 25.4 (+16.2) 13.4 (+5.6) 15.6 (+3.5) 9.5 (+6.3) * Carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club ever in lifetime (middle school); 1+ times in the past 30 days (high school). * In physical fight 1+ times ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 12 months (high school). Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 45 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 3: Suicidal Ideation and Behavior by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic Sad/Hopeless Every Day for 2+ Weeks % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic 29.1 (+2.9) 22.2 (+3.2) 36.1 (+3.1) 28.9 (+4.4) 31.6 (+4.3) 29.3 (+3.6) 26.4 (+8.3) 25.7 (+2.8) 31.2 (+3.6) 42.3 (+14.1) Considered Suicide* % (95% CI) 20.4 (+2.1) 16.6 (+2.1) 24.5 (+2.8) 14.9 (+3.1) 22.3 (+3.4) 23.8 (+3.3) 21.1 (+3.0) 18.4 (+2.8) 23.2 (+4.9) 17.4 (+4.1) 11.5 (+3.8) 23.4 (+5.0) 16.2 (+3.6) 19.5 (+3.4) 12.8 (+3.1) 21.5 (+18.3) 18.4 (+5.9) 15.1 (+3.8) 18.2 (+6.9) Made Suicide Plan** % (95% CI) 11.8 (+1.6) 9.6 (+1.8) 14.3 (+2.2) 9.3 (+2.4) 13.2 (+2.7) 12.8 (+2.4) 11.7 (+2.5) 11.1 (+2.2) 11.4 (+4.5) 14.9 (+4.4) 11.9 (+4.2) 17.8 (+5.4) 12.8 (+3.2) 13.9 (+3.2) 13.1 (+3.0) 21.5 (+18.9) 15.7 (+6.1) 13.8 (+3.8) 12.3 (+7.9) Attempted Suicide*** % (95% CI) 8.0 (+1.6) 6.1 (+1.9) 10.1 (+2.2) 6.3 (+2.5) 7.9 (+2.4) 9.4 (+2.5) 7.2 (+2.4) 7.7 (+2.1) 13.5 (+4.4) 7.8 (+1.5) 5.4 (+2.1) 10.0 (+2.6) 8.6 (+3.0) 8.4 (+2.5) 6.5 (+1.9) 6.6 (+3.3) 6.2 (+1.9) 9.6 (+2.2) Attempted Suicide Resulted in Injury in Past 12 Months % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.2 (+0.6) 2.0 (+1.2) 2.5 (+0.8) 1.7 (+1.0) 2.6 (+1.5) 2.0 (+1.1) 2.8 (+1.8) 1.5 (+1.0) 3.4 (+1.1) * Considered suicide ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 12 months (high school). ** Made suicide plan - ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 12 months (high school). *** Attempted suicide - ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 12 months (high school). Data not presented, n < 100. Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 46 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 4: Tobacco Use by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Tobacco Use Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic Current Cigarette Use* % (95% CI) 7.1 (+1.9) 8.5 (+3.0) 5.7 (+2.0) 3.5 (+1.6) 7.4 (+3.2) 9.7 (+3.4) 7.5 (+2.5) 5.7 (+2.2) 9.8 (+4.0) 17.2 (+3.1) 18.9 (+4.5) 15.4 (+3.0) 14.3 (+3.8) 14.5 (+5.8) 20.2 (+4.9) 22.9 (+7.8) 22.4 (+4.0) 10.1 (+2.9) Current Smokeless Tobacco Use** % (95% CI) 4.9 (+1.4) 7.2 (+2.4) 2.5 (+1.0) 3.6 (+2.1) 4.1 (+1.5) 6.5 (+2.3) 6.0 (+2.0) 2.9 (+1.4) 5.3 (+3.3) 7.4 (+1.9) 12.4 (+3.1) 2.3 (+1.0) 5.1 (+2.0) 10.3 (+3.5) 6.2 (+3.3) 7.9 (+4.2) 11.6 (+3.0) 2.2 (+1.1) 2.8 (+3.4) Current Tobacco Use*** % (95% CI) 10.4 (+2.4) 13.2 (+3.6) 7.4 (+2.3) 6.0 (+1.9) 10.1 (+3.9) 14.4 (+4.1) 11.6 (+3.5) 8.1 (+2.7) 12.1 (+4.3) 24.1 (+3.6) 29.0 (+5.8) 19.2 (+3.0) 18.9 (+4.7) 22.2 (+6.2) 26.7 (+5.8) 32.6 (+7.9) 30.0 (+4.6) 16.7 (+3.8) * Smoked cigarettes on 1+ days in the past 30 days. ** Used smokeless tobacco on 1+ days in the past 30 days. *** Used any tobacco product on 1+ days in the past 30 days. Data not presented, n < 100. Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 47 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 5: Alcohol Use by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Alcohol Use Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic Lifetime Alcohol Use* % (95% CI) 37.1 (+3.2) 38.6 (+3.5) 35.4 (+4.7) 27.5 (+4.9) 37.2 (+4.9) 46.7 (+2.9) 32.7 (+4.6) 39.6 (+3.0) 51.2 (+7.8) 73.2 (+2.3) 71.4 (+4.4) 75.0 (+3.8) 65.3 (+5.0) 70.0 (+5.7) 77.8 (+3.6) 85.9 (+5.7) 75.7 (+2.9) 69.4 (+3.3) 77.8 (+10.7) Current Alcohol Use** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 39.9 (+4.2) 38.8 (+5.7) 41.0 (+4.8) 31.3 (+5.5) 37.5 (+6.5) 46.4 (+6.2) 50.7 (+11.4) 46.4 (+5.0) 31.0 (+4.5) 39.9 (+8.0) Current Binge Drinking*** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 20.8 (+3.8) 21.6 (+5.0) 19.9 (+4.4) 13.0 (+3.6) 21.1 (+6.2) 21.6 (+3.8) 33.2 (+12.7) 29.0 (+4.9) 10.4 (+2.2) 15.1 (+6.0) * At least one drink of alcohol on 1+ days during their life. ** Had at least one drink of alcohol on 1+ days in the past 30 days. *** Had 5+ drinks of alcohol in a row within a couple of hours on 1+ days in the past 30 days. Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 48 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 6: Drug Use by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Drug Use Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic Marijuana Use* % (95% CI) 9.4 (+1.7) 11.8 (+2.5) 6.8 (+1.7) 5.4 (+2.1) 9.6 (+1.9) 12.7 (+3.2) 8.1 (+2.2) 10.4 (+2.2) 10.7 (+5.4) 18.9 (+3.1) 20.3 (+4.1) 17.4 (+3.5) 15.7 (+4.8) 18.8 (+5.7) 22.7 (+4.3) 19.9 (+5.8) 18.2 (+3.9) 19.8 (+3.1) 15.5 (+15.7) Cocaine Use** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.0 (+1.2) 3.7 (+1.9) 2.4 (+1.3) 2.0 (+1.4) 4.5 (+2.4) 2.6 (+1.6) 2.9 (+2.2) 4.2 (+2.1) 1.1 (+0.7) 3.9 (+5.4) Inhalant Use*** % (95% CI) 13.3 (+1.6) 12.9 (+2.4) 13.8 (+2.0) 12.7 (+2.6) 14.4 (+3.3) 12.8 (+3.0) 12.6 (+3.2) 12.7 (+2.1) 18.1 (+6.9) 14.9 (+4.2) 12.8 (+3.6) 16.9 (+5.2) 15.1 (+3.1) 13.5 (+5.3) 10.8 (+2.6) 20.7 (+18.4) 18.5 (+6.7) 10.0 (+3.0) 13.5 (+6.1) * Used marijuana ever in lifetime (middle school); 1+ times in the past 30 days (high school). ** Used cocaine on 1+ days in the past 30 days. *** Used inhalants ever in lifetime. Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 49 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 7: Lifetime Drug Use by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Lifetime Drug Use Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic Heroin Use % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.3 (+4.0) 4.4 (+3.6) 4.2 (+4.6) 1.5 (+1.1) 2.7 (+1.6) 1.8 (+1.5) 13.3 (+19.1) 5.9 (+6.3) 2.1 (+1.6) 2.7 (+3.2) Methamphetamine Use % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.4 (+2.9) 6.2 (+2.5) 6.7 (+3.9) 4.3 (+1.5) 6.6 (+3.6) 6.1 (+2.3) 10.3 (+12.5) 9.6 (+4.2) 2.3 (+1.4) 4.0 (+3.9) Ecstasy Use % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.3 (+1.3) 6.2 (+2.2) 4.4 (+1.5) 4.5 (+1.7) 6.0 (+2.7) 5.3 (+2.6) 5.1 (+3.5) 7.2 (+2.0) 2.5 (+1.4) 5.3 (+4.4) Steroid Use % (95% CI) 2.5 (+0.7) 3.0 (+1.1) 2.0 (+0.8) 2.5 (+1.4) 1.8 (+0.9) 3.2 (+1.5) 2.0 (+1.0) 3.0 (+1.3) 2.8 (+2.3) 4.0 (+1.1) 4.5 (+1.8) 3.4 (+1.2) 2.9 (+1.6) 6.5 (+2.4) 3.0 (+1.8) 2.9 (+2.1) 5.1 (+1.6) 2.6 (+1.0) 1.3 (+1.8) Were Offered/Sold/Given Illegal Drug on School Property % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 30.7 (+2.5) 34.2 (+3.7) 27.3 (+2.7) 28.8 (+6.2) 32.0 (+5.0) 32.0 (+5.7) 30.9 (+7.7) 29.1 (+3.3) 29.9 (+4.1) 48.0 (+7.3) Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 50 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 8: Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Age of Initiation* Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic Initiation of Cigarette Smoking % (95% CI) 6.6 (+1.5) 7.8 (+2.0) 5.3 (+1.6) 5.7 (+2.4) 6.0 (+2.7) 7.7 (+2.5) 7.2 (+2.6) 5.1 (+1.8) 8.5 (+3.7) 14.9 (+2.6) 17.9 (+3.1) 12.0 (+2.6) 18.0 (+3.5) 12.9 (+3.9) 15.1 (+3.5) 12.3 (+6.0) 16.3 (+4.0) 12.2 (+2.4) 21.6 (+4.8) Initiation of Alcohol Use % (95% CI) 16.9 (+2.3) 18.6 (+3.1) 15.1 (+3.1) 17.4 (+3.8) 18.0 (+4.3) 15.1 (+2.9) 14.0 (+2.9) 19.3 (+3.3) 21.6 (+7.6) 26.8 (+3.7) 28.6 (+4.2) 24.9 (+4.0) 32.6 (+4.7) 23.3 (+4.3) 22.9 (+3.3) 26.4 (+15.1) 23.2 (+5.5) 29.3 (+4.3) 40.6 (+8.1) Initiation of Marijuana Use % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.2 (+1.9) 11.2 (+2.9) 5.0 (+1.3) 9.6 (+2.3) 7.5 (+3.1) 6.7 (+2.9) 7.9 (+4.5) 7.1 (+2.7) 9.4 (+2.2) 7.5 (+4.2) * Percent of middle school students who initiated risk behaviors before age 11; percent of high school students who initiated risk behaviors before age 13. Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 51 Appendix D: Detailed Data Tables for Middle School and High School Students 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Table 9: Dietary Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Dietary Behaviors Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic Obese % (95% CI) 15.6 (+2.3) 19.2 (+3.0) 11.8 (+2.1) 18.6 (+3.7) 15.8 (+3.1) 13.0 (+3.7) 12.3 (+2.9) 21.0 (+3.0) 10.8 (+6.2) 12.4 (+2.1) 15.0 (+3.3) 9.8 (+2.0) 13.5 (+2.8) 14.2 (+4.2) 11.0 (+3.7) 9.6 (+5.0) 9.5 (+3.2) 16.2 (+3.2) 17.4 (+7.2) Exercised to Lose Weight* % (95% CI) 69.7 (+3.0) 61.2 (+3.9) 78.7 (+3.5) 71.2 (+4.7) 68.1 (+5.0) 70.3 (+4.5) 72.5 (+3.7) 65.6 (+4.8) 74.6 (+8.0) Ate Less to Lose Weight** % (95% CI) 46.2 (+3.5) 36.1 (+4.2) 56.9 (+4.1) 47.9 (+6.0) 44.0 (+4.2) 46.5 (+4.6) 48.2 (+3.7) 43.5 (+5.0) 49.7 (+7.8) 59.0 (+2.8) 48.7 (+3.2) 69.5 (+4.2) 62.4 (+6.7) 60.6 (+6.8) 55.5 (+5.5) 55.0 (+5.4) 63.6 (+3.2) 51.6 (+5.3) 67.8 (+11.0) 36.8 (+2.5) 22.9 (+2.5) 51.0 (+3.7) 35.3 (+4.4) 33.5 (+4.6) 41.1 (+5.1) 39.2 (+6.6) 43.4 (+4.0) 27.1 (+3.3) 44.7 (+5.7) Gone Without Eating to Lose Weight*** % (95% CI) 16.7 (+2.0) 13.2 (+3.1) 20.4 (+3.0) 15.6 (+4.1) 15.8 (+2.9) 18.7 (+3.6) 16.8 (+2.8) 15.7 (+3.8) 18.4 (+5.8) 11.6 (+1.7) 7.8 (+2.3) 15.4 (+3.1) 13.3 (+2.9) 10.0 (+4.8) 12.8 (+2.9) 8.9 (+3.8) 12.6 (+2.5) 8.9 (+2.2) 19.6 (+9.7) Taken Diet Pills, Etc. to Lose Weight**** % (95% CI) 5.1 (+0.9) 4.6 (+1.5) 5.6 (+1.7) 5.0 (+2.0) 3.7 (+1.3) 6.5 (+2.8) 5.3 (+1.8) 4.2 (+1.4) 7.4 (+4.1) 6.5 (+1.2) 5.0 (+1.8) 8.1 (+1.8) 5.5 (+2.4) 7.0 (+3.0) 6.4 (+2.4) 7.7 (+2.8) 8.6 (+1.7) 4.1 (+1.4) 4.3 (+3.2) Vomited/Used Laxatives to Lose Weight***** % (95% CI) 6.1 (+1.2) 5.2 (+1.7) 7.0 (+1.5) 6.3 (+2.3) 5.2 (+1.8) 6.8 (+2.1) 5.6 (+1.2) 7.0 (+2.4) 6.3 (+4.0) 5.2 (+1.4) 3.8 (+1.4) 6.6 (+1.9) 5.7 (+2.3) 3.7 (+2.1) 5.2 (+2.9) 6.3 (+2.5) 5.2 (+2.2) 5.0 (+2.0) 6.5 (+3.7) * Exercised to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). ** Ate less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). *** Gone without eating for 24+ hours to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). **** Taken diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor's advice to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). ***** Vomited or took laxatives to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight ever in lifetime (middle school); in the past 30 days (high school). Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 52 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 10: Nutritional Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Nutritional Behaviors Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic Drank 100% Fruit Juices % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic 78.9 (+2.2) 79.8 (+3.1) 78.1 (+2.2) 77.2 (+4.3) 79.4 (+4.1) 81.0 (+4.0) 78.9 (+6.6) 76.3 (+2.9) 82.4 (+3.7) 80.7 (+8.1) Ate 5+ Servings of Fruits/Vegetables % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 18.1 (+1.6) 19.9 (+2.7) 16.4 (+1.9) 17.0 (+3.0) 18.9 (+4.7) 19.3 (+4.8) 17.4 (+3.3) 15.4 (+2.7) 20.8 (+3.1) 16.6 (+7.0) Drank 3+ Glasses of Milk % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.2 (+1.2) 16.0 (+2.2) 6.4 (+1.5) 12.7 (+3.1) 12.1 (+2.6) 11.3 (+2.9) 7.0 (+3.6) 13.6 (+2.0) 8.5 (+2.2) 7.9 (+4.8) Ate Breakfast Daily % (95% CI) 41.6 (+2.9) 46.9 (+4.5) 36.1 (+3.3) 48.0 (+5.4) 42.4 (+4.2) 34.8 (+3.9) 43.7 (+4.7) 37.5 (+3.4) 44.2 (+8.9) 31.2 (+3.2) 35.3 (+4.3) 27.0 (+3.7) 32.6 (+7.7) 34.1 (+2.8) 28.5 (+5.0) 27.5 (+6.1) 37.3 (+2.4) 22.8 (+4.8) 29.1 (+8.8) Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 53 Appendix D: Detailed Data Tables for Middle School and High School Students 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Table 11: Physical Activity by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Physical Activity Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic Vigorous Physical Activity* % (95% CI) 71.5 (+3.4) 74.1 (+4.8) 68.7 (+3.7) 67.8 (+6.9) 74.8 (+4.0) 72.5 (+4.5) 78.0 (+4.4) 64.9 (+4.8) 63.6 (+6.4) 61.3 (+3.7) 70.9 (+5.0) 51.8 (+4.4) 64.7 (+5.4) 64.4 (+4.0) 56.3 (+6.2) 56.4 (+8.7) 65.9 (+5.2) 54.0 (+4.5) 63.2 (+5.4) Meet Physical Activity Recommendations** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 33.9 (+3.1) 43.7 (+3.7) 24.0 (+3.2) 36.3 (+5.6) 35.7 (+3.8) 27.1 (+5.1) 34.3 (+7.9) 39.4 (+4.2) 27.8 (+3.2) 24.6 (+6.3) No Physical Activity*** % (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.9 (+1.6) 6.4 (+1.8) 13.4 (+2.4) 8.9 (+2.6) 8.3 (+1.6) 11.2 (+2.8) 12.1 (+4.5) 7.0 (+1.4) 14.3 (+3.4) 6.0 (+4.7) PE Classes 1+ Times a Week % (95% CI) 64.9 (+7.3) 67.2 (+7.3) 62.4 (+8.1) 64.5 (+11.1) 63.8 (+6.3) 66.9 (+11.2) 65.2 (+8.0) 66.7 (+9.0) 56.2 (+12.1) 42.1 (+6.9) 52.0 (+7.8) 32.4 (+7.1) 62.1 (+7.4) 36.0 (+10.0) 26.7 (+7.1) 34.3 (+11.5) 42.0 (+9.3) 39.6 (+6.1) PE Classes Daily % (95% CI) 35.2 (+7.8) 36.4 (+8.9) 33.9 (+7.6) 31.8 (+13.3) 34.0 (+9.5) 39.8 (+9.7) 37.4 (+10.0) 34.4 (+9.5) 24.3 (+10.5) 35.9 (+6.8) 44.5 (+7.7) 27.3 (+6.7) 52.5 (+8.0) 33.1 (+9.9) 20.9 (+7.0) 28.6 (+11.5) 39.2 (+9.0) 30.5 (+5.7) Participation on Sports Teams % (95% CI) 53.8 (+3.6) 57.3 (+3.7) 49.9 (+4.8) 53.7 (+7.1) 53.8 (+4.2) 53.8 (+6.1) 57.8 (+4.9) 52.1 (+3.9) 43.2 (+7.5) 55.9 (+3.7) 63.9 (+4.7) 47.9 (+4.1) 55.9 (+6.4) 61.2 (+4.4) 52.2 (+5.1) 53.2 (+10.4) 58.1 (+5.6) 54.4 (+4.3) 50.5 (+13.0) * Exercised or participated in physical activities for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat and breathe hard on 3+ days of the past 7 days. ** Current physical activity recommendations are 60 minutes or more per day on 5+ days per week. *** Participated in no vigorous or moderate physical activities in the past 7 days. Data not presented, n < 100. Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 54 Appendix D: (cont'd) Table 12: Sedentary Behaviors by Sex, Grade, and Race/Ethnicity, Middle School and High School Sedentary Behaviors and Walking to School Middle School Male Female 6th 7th 8th White Black Hispanic TV Watching 3+ Hours per School Day % (95% CI) 48.7 (+3.9) 49.6 (+4.6) 47.9 (+4.5) 48.1 (+6.6) 49.2 (+5.6) 49.1 (+5.7) 35.8 (+4.5) 65.8 (+3.1) 46.6 (+7.3) High School Male Female 9th 10th 11th 12th White Black Hispanic 42.4 (+3.7) 42.6 (+3.0) 42.2 (+5.6) 47.1 (+6.0) 44.0 (+6.1) 41.3 (+4.5) 32.3 (+8.3) 29.9 (+5.5) 59.8 (+3.8) 44.3 (+12.8) Video/Computer Games 3+ Hours per School Day % (95% CI) 21.9 (+2.0) 28.2 (+3.1) 15.5 (+2.3) 18.9 (+3.1) 19.9 (+3.8) 26.6 (+3.9) 18.0 (+2.5) 26.9 (+3.8) 18.2 (+8.3) 19.4 (+2.0) 24.2 (+3.2) 14.5 (+3.0) 22.6 (+2.8) 21.2 (+2.6) 16.5 (+2.6) 13.6 (+6.0) 18.4 (+2.9) 19.7 (+3.2) 21.7 (+7.3) Appendix D 2005 Georgia Student Health Survey Report 55