- Collection:
- Georgia Government Publications
- Serial:
- Georgia behavioral risk factor surveillance system ... report.
- Title:
- 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System report
- Creator:
- Georgia. Division of Public Health
- Contributor to Resource:
- Georgia. Division of Public Health.
Georgia. Chronic Disease, Healthy Behaviors and Injury Epidemiology Section. - Publisher:
- Atlanta, Ga. : Dept. of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, 2009
- Date of Original:
- 2007
- Subject:
- Health risk assessment--Georgia
Behavioral assessment--Georgia - Location:
- United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
- Medium:
- state government records
- Type:
- Text
- Format:
- application/pdf
- Description:
- DPH publication #DPH02.22HW
- External Identifiers:
- Call Number GA H800.P8 S1 B4 2007
- Metadata URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bh800-pp8-bs1-bb4-b2007-belec-p-btext
- Digital Object URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bh800-pp8-bs1-bb4-b2007-belec-p-btext
- Language:
- eng
- Holding Institution:
- University of Georgia. Map and Government Information Library
- Rights:
-
2007Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
2
Acknowledgments
Georgia Department of Human Resources
Division of Public Health
Health Information, Policy, Strategy,
and Accountability
Office of Epidemiology,
Evaluation and Health Information
Epidemiology Section
Healthy Behaviors Epidemiology Unit
Georgia BRFSS Program
B.J. Walker, Commissioner S. Elizabeth Ford, M.D., Acting Director
Martha N. Okafor, Ph.D., Deputy Director Dafna Kanny, Ph.D., Senior Director
John Horan, M.D., M.P.H., Director Manxia Wu, M.D., M.P.H., Manager Leah Bryan, M.P.H., Coordinator Aimee Pragle, M.S., Epidemiologist
The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is supported in part through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement U58/CCU422885. Without the cooperation and participation of the Georgia residents who completed the telephone survey, the BRFSS would not be possible.
Cover photos courtesy of Georgia Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism.
Graphic Design : Jimmy Clanton, Jr.
Suggested Citation:
Bryan L, Pragle A, 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology Section, March 2009. Publication number DPH09.350.
Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................4
Chronic Conditions Obesity..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Diabetes................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Asthma..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Coronary Heart Disease........................................................................................................................................................... 12 Heart Attack.............................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Stroke....................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Disability................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 High Blood Pressure................................................................................................................................................................ 20 High Cholesterol....................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Risk Behaviors Cigarette Smoking.................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Physical Inactivity..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Consuming of Less than Five Servings of Fruits and Vegetables Daily................................................................................... 28 Binge Drinking.......................................................................................................................................................................... 30 No Health Insurance................................................................................................................................................................. 32
Preventive Practices Mammography......................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Pap Test................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 HIV/AIDS Testing...................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Influenza Vaccination............................................................................................................................................................... 40 Pneumonia Vaccination............................................................................................................................................................ 42
Healthy People 2010 Table................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Data Tables........................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Definitions............................................................................................................................................................................................. 52
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
3
4
Introduction
The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on the major health risk behaviors and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians. This report presents BRFSS data for Georgia and for the 18 public health districts overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, annual household income, level of education and health insurance status. For the state, all estimates are based on the 2007 BRFSS survey. For the 18 health districts, survey data from 2000 through 2003 and 2004 through 2007 have been aggregated to increase the sample size and improve the accuracy and precision of the estimates.
For each of the risk factors in this report national Healthy People 2010 objectives have been identified. These objectives represent targets to be reached by the year 2010 and support the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 to increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate disparities.
If reliable estimates could not be produced for a demographic group, a bar for that group is not shown in the following bar charts.
Georgia Public Health Districts District 1-1, Northwest (Rome) District 1-2, North Georgia (Dalton) District 2, North (Gainsville)
District 3-1, Cobb/Douglas District 3-2, Fulton District 3-3, Clayton (Marrow) District 3-4, East Metro (Lawrenceville) District 3-5, DeKalb District 4, LaGrange District 5-1, South Central (Dublin) District 5-2, North Central (Macon)
District 6, East Central (Augusta)
District 7, West Central (Columbus) District 8-1, South (Valdosta) District 8-2, Southwest (Albany)
District 9-1, Coastal (Savannah/Brunswick) District 9-2, Southeast (Waycross)
District 10, Northeast (Athens)
Counties
Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Paulding, Polk, Walker Cherokee, Fannin, Gilmer, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield Banks, Dawson, Forsyth, Franklin, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Lumpkin, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, White Cobb, Douglas Fulton Clayton Gwinnett, Newton, Rockdale DeKalb Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Bleckley, Dodge, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Pulaski, Telfair, Treutlen, Wheeler, Wilcox Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Hancock, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Monroe, Peach, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson Burke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes Chattahoochee, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Harris, Macon, Muscogee, Marion, Quitman, Randolph, Schely, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Webster Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Tift, Turner Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Decatur, Early, Grady, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Worth Chatham, Effingham, Bryan, Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh
Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Brantley, Bulloch, Candler, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Evans, Jeff Davis, Pierce, Tattnall, Toombs, Ware, Wayne Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton
Georgia
County Health Departments JunGee2or0g0ia6
Public Health Districts
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
5
6
Chronic Conditions
Obesity
The prevalence of obesity (BMI30) continues to be a health concern for adults in Georgia. Obesity increases the risk for Type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gall bladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. Obesity is also associated with high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure. The risk of these conditions can be reduced by weight loss. Recommendations for weight loss and weight maintenance include reducing calories and increasing physical activity. Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI1) of 30.0 or more. Overweight is defined as BMI greater or equal to 25 and less than 30.
1BMI= weight in kg/(height in meters)2
Obese Adults,
Georgia 2007: 28.7% U.S. 2007: 26.3%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: <15%
In 2007, more than 1.9 million adult Georgians, more than one in four, were obese. Significantly more Black adults were obese than White
adults. Obesity was significantly more common among adults
whose annual income was less than $15,000 than among adults whose annual income was equal or greater than $35,000. Obesity was significantly more common among adults with some college education or less than among adults with a college degree.
Percent
Percent
50 40 30 20 10
12.9 0
18-24 yr
Percent of Obese Adults, by Age, Georgia 2007
27.3 25-34 yr
32.2
35-44 yr Age
32.4 45-54 yr
33.7 55-64 yr
23.4 65+ yr
Percent of Obese Adults, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10
41.3
35.6
33.8
29.1
29.0
23.4
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent
Percent
Percent of Obese Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10
26.0 0
WhiteNH
35.5
23.3
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
28.6 Other
Percent of Obese Adults, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10
35.0 0
<High School
32.2
30.7
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
23.3 College Grad
Percent of Obese Adults, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Obese Adults, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
25.0
29.9
19.6
1-2 Dalton
20.6
26.6
29.1
2 Gainesville
22.0
24.6
11.8
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
20.3
20.5
1.0
3-2 Fulton
19.4
21.5
10.8
3-3 Clayton
25.2
27.6
9.5
3-4 Lawrenceville
19.1
23.0
20.4
3-5 Dekalb
21.4
25.1
17.3
4 Lagrange
23.4
29.4
25.6
5-1 Dublin
28.2
32.7
16.0
5-2 Macon
26.4
31.5
19.3
6 Augusta
27.5
30.3
10.2
7 Columbus
24.2
29.0
19.8
8-1 Valdosta
28.1
30.1
7.1
8-2 Albany
28.5
31.7
11.2
9-1 Savannah
22.9
29.7
29.7*
9-2 Waycross
30.2
33.5
10.9
10 Athens
24.3
28.7
18.1
*Statistically significant difference exists.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
7
8
Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Complications of diabetes include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental disease, and susceptibility to infections. Obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most important preventable risk factors for developing diabetes. Management of diabetes and reduction of risk for complications involves controlling blood glucose levels through diet and insulin regulation, monitoring blood glucose levels, and regular foot and eye exams by health care professionals.
Adults with Diabetes,
Georgia 2007: 10.1% U.S. 2007: 8.0%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: <2.5%
In 2007, approximately 700,000 adult Georgians had diabetes.
Diabetes was more common among Black adults than among White adults.
Diabetes was 6 times more common among adults aged 65 years and older than among adults aged 18 to 34 years.
Diabetes was 3 times more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among adults in households that earned $75,000 or more a year.
Diabetes was significantly more common in adults with less than a high school education than among college graduates.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
25
20
15
10
5
9.3 0
WhiteNH
12.5
8.2
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
9.0 Other
Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Annual Household Income,
Georgia 2007
25
20
15
10
5
18.8
17.1
13.2
7.1
8.3
5.5
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent
Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Age, Georgia 2007
25
20
15
10
5
3.5 0
18-34 yr
5.1 35-44 yr
11.4
45-54 yr Age
19.1 55-64 yr
23.8 65+
Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
25 20 15 10
5 19.7
0 <High School
12.7
8.8
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
6.8 College Grad
Percent
2000 - 2003
Percent of Adults with Diabetes, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults with Diabetes, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
9.1
8.2
1-2 Dalton
6.3
8.2
2 Gainesville
5.7
7.4
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
4.8
5.6
3-2 Fulton
4.5
5.4
3-3 Clayton
5.1
7.2
3-4 Lawrenceville
4.5
6.3
3-5 Dekalb
5.0
5.9
4 Lagrange
5.9
9.8
5-1 Dublin
8.7
10.0
5-2 Macon
8.2
9.4
6 Augusta
6.8
10.3
7 Columbus
7.6
8.5
8-1 Valdosta
8.9
9.3
8-2 Albany
8.1
9.8
9-1 Savannah
6.6
9.3
9-2 Waycross
8.3
8.9
10 Athens
6.2
7.8
* Statistically significant difference exists.
-9.9 30.2 29.8 16.7 20.0 41.2 40.0 18.0 66.1* 14.9 14.6 51.5* 11.8
4.5 21.0 40.9*
7.2 25.8
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
9
Asthma
Asthma is a disease of the lungs that causes breathing problems or "asthma attacks" and resulted in more than 50,000 emergency department visits and more than 12,000 hospitalizations in Georgia in 2007. The airways of people with asthma tighten abnormally in response to smoke, pollen, dust, air pollution, infection, irritants, allergens, or exercise, leading to difficulty in breathing. While asthma is not often fatal, loss of productivity, high medical costs, and disability are common outcomes for asthma sufferers. Smoking, genetic factors, allergies and some medications can be risk factors for developing asthma and asthma symptoms. Asthma can be effectively controlled by recognizing and avoiding asthma triggers, appropriate management of medication, monitoring lung function, and giving patients tools and education about managing their own care.
Adults with Asthma,
Georgia 2007: 7.6% U.S. 2007: 8.4%
In 2007, more than 520,000 adults in Georgia had asthma.
Asthma was 2 times more common among adult women than among adult men.
Asthma was 2 times more common among adults with less than a high school education than among college graduates.
Asthma was more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than in any other income level.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Sex, Georgia 2007
25
20
15
10
5
4.4 0
Male
10.7 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
25
20
15
10
5
15.6
10.6
7.0
5.0
5.9
6.7
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent
10
Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Age, Georgia 2007
25 20 15 10
5 5.7
0 18-24 yr
8.0 25-34 yr
7.3
35-44 yr Age
8.2 45-54 yr
8.2 55-64 yr
7.5 65+ yr
Percent
Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
25
20
15
10
5
12.7 0
<High School
7.0
7.8
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
6.6 College Grad
Percent of Adults with Asthma, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults with Asthma, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens
7.9
9.0
13.9
8.1
8.2
1.2
6.7
6.0
-10.4
6.7
8.0
19.4
7.5
7.0
-6.7
7.0
8.3
18.6
5.5
6.9
25.5
8.3
5.9
-28.9
6.0
8.1
35.0
7.0
7.9
12.9
7.3
8.6
17.8
6.9
7.2
4.3
6.4
6.5
1.6
7.3
6.8
-6.8
7.7
7.7
0.0
6.1
7.2
18.0
7.2
9.8
36.1
6.5
7.0
7.7
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
11
Coronary heart disease is a broad term that refers collectively to both diseases of the coronary arteries and the resulting complications such as a heart attack. Risk factors include high blood cholesterol levels, smoking, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity and obesity.
Adults who have ever been told that they have Coronary Heart Disease,
Georgia 2007: 4.1% U.S. 2007: 4.1%
In 2007, more than 270,000 adult Georgians have been told by a health professional that they have coronary heart disease.
More men than women had coronary heart disease. Significantly more White adults than Black adults had
coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease was significantly more common
among adults 65 years or older than among any other age group. Coronary heart disease was significantly more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 annually than among adults in households that earned $25,000 or more annually. Adults with less than a high school education were significantly more likely to have coronary heart disease than adults with any other education level.
Percent
Percent
Coronary Heart Disease
Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Sex, Georgia 2007
15
12
9
6
3
4.6 0
Male
3.5 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Age,
Georgia 2007
15 12
9 6 3
0.6 0
18-24 yr
0.6 25-34 yr
1.3
35-44 yr Age
3.8 45-54 yr
7.8 55-64 yr
13.8 65+ yr
Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
15 12
9 6 3
8.7 0
<High School
4.3
3.8
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
2.9 College Grad
Percent
Percent
Percent
12
Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
15 12
9 6 3
4.8 0
WhiteNH
2.8
1.8
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
4.0 Other
Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
15
12
9
6
3
9.1
6.6
4.5
3.0
2.7
2.7
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent of Adults who have been told that they have Coronary Heart Disease, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults who have been told that they have Coronary Heart Disease, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens
3.8
4.5
18.4
5.7
4.6
-19.3
4.3
3.4
-20.9
2.5
3.2
28.0
1.6
3.1
93.8
2.4
3.3
37.5
4.1
1.4
-65.9
1.2
1.2
0.0
2.9
4.0
37.9
5.1
4.7
-7.8
4.2
4.2
0.0
2.8
3.2
14.3
4.0
6.6
65.0
5.6
3.9
-30.4
3.4
3.2
-5.9
4.5
3.2
-28.9
3.4
5.2
52.9
4.1
2.1
-48.8
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
13
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked. Risk factors include high blood cholesterol levels, smoking, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity and obesity.
Adults who have ever been told that they have had a Heart Attack,
Georgia 2007: 4.3% U.S. 2007: 4.2%
In 2007, more than 280,000 Georgia adults had ever been told by a health professional that they have had a heart attack.
Significantly more men had heart attacks than women. Heart attacks were significantly more common among
65 years and older than among any other age group. Heart attacks were significantly more common among
adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among adults whose household income was $25,000 or more. Significantly more adults with less than a high school education had heart attacks than adults with any other level of education.
Percent
Percent
Heart Attack
Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Sex,
Georgia 2007
25
20
15
10
5
5.7 0
Male
3.1 Female
Sex
Percent
14
Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Age,
Georgia 2007
25 20 15 10
5 0.8
0 18-24 yr
1.0 25-34 yr
1.5
35-44 yr Age
4.2 45-54 yr
7.6 55-64 yr
14.3 65+ yr
Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
25
25
20
20
15 15
Percent
10 10
5
12.0
8.8
0
3.7
3.3
2.9
1.7
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
5
11.7 0
<High School
4.8
3.5
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
2.6 College Grad
2000 - 2003
Percent Adults who have had a Heart Attack, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens
5.5
5.5
0.0
5.2
5.0
-3.8
3.6
3.5
-2.8
1.2
2.3
91.7
1.1
2.0
81.8
2.3
4.0
73.9
2.1
1.7
-19.0
1.5
1.4
-6.7
2.2
3.6
63.6
4.4
4.2
-4.5
4.5
4.5
0.0
3.3
2.6
-21.2
3.0
6.0
100.0
3.1
3.8
22.6
5.5
4.1
-25.5
3.9
3.4
-12.8
4.9
4.8
-2.0
3.2
4.3
34.4
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
15
A stroke can be the result of a thrombus (blocked artery) or a hemorrhage (ruptured artery) that prevents blood flow to the brain.
Adults who have ever been told that they have had a Stroke,
Georgia 2007: 3.3% U.S. 2007: 2.6%
In 2007, approximately 225,000 Georgia adults had ever been told by a health professional that they have had a stroke.
Having had a stroke was significantly more common among adults age 65+ than any other age group.
Having had a stroke was 6 times more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among adults in households that earned $35,000 or more a year.
Having had a stroke was 4 times more common among adults with less than a high school education than among college graduates.
Percent
Percent
Percent
Stroke
Percent of Adults who have had a Stroke, by Sex,
Georgia 2007
15
12
9
6
3
3.3 0
Male
3.3 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults who have had a Stroke, by Age,
Georgia 2007
15 12
9 6 3
1.9 0
18-24 yr
1.2 25-34 yr
1.5
35-44 yr Age
3.2 45-54 yr
5.5 55-64 yr
8.6 65+ yr
Percent of Adults who have had a Stroke, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
15 12
9 6 3
8.0 0
<High School
4.0
3.1
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
1.6 College Grad
Percent
Percent
16
Percent of Adults who have had a Stroke, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
15 12
9 6 3
2.7 0
WhiteNH
4.5
3.3
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
2.7 Other
Percent of Adults who have had a Stroke, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
15
12
9
6
3
10.1
6.6
3.6
2.7
1.4
1.1
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent of Adults who have had a Stroke, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
PBeMrcI eVnatlues
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults who have had a Stroke, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
2.2
2.6
18.2
1-2 Dalton
2.7
2.9
7.4
2 Gainesville
1.6
1.7
6.2
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
0.3
1.4
366.7
3-2 Fulton
0.9
1.6
77.8
3-3 Clayton
1.7
1.6
-5.9
3-4 Lawrenceville
1.9
1.6
-15.8
3-5 Dekalb
0.5
2.2
340.0
4 Lagrange
1.5
2.4
60.0
5-1 Dublin
3.2
4.0
25.0
5-2 Macon
1.8
3.5
94.4
6 Augusta
2.2
2.6
18.2
7 Columbus
2.6
3.0
15.4
8-1 Valdosta
3.0
3.8
26.7
8-2 Albany
3.3
4.8
45.5
9-1 Savannah
1.0
3.1
210.0*
9-2 Waycross
2.1
3.6
71.4
10 Athens
1.5
2.3
53.3
*Statistically significant difference exists.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
17
People living with a disability may have difficulty performing functional activities or activities of daily living. Disability may require the use of special equipment like a cane, crutches, or a walker.
Disabilities acquired early in life are referred to as developmental disabilities. As a potentially underserved group, people with disabilities may experience lack of access to health services and medical care and may be at increased risk for various conditions. A disabled adult is defined as an adult who has activity limitation because of physical, mental, or emotional problems or who requires the use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone.
Adults with a Disability, Georgia 2007: 21.8 % U.S. 2007: 18.8%
In 2007, nearly 1.5 million Georgia adults had a disability.
Disability was significantly more common among adults aged 65+ years than among any other age group.
Disability was significantly more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among adults in households that earned $15,000 or more a year.
Disability was significantly more common among adults with less than a high school education than among any other level of education.
Percent
Percent
Disability
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
9.1 0
18-24 yr
Percent of Adults with a Disability, by Age,
Georgia 2007
14.2 25-34 yr
15.4
35-44 yr Age
26.4 45-54 yr
31.6 55-64 yr
38.0 65+ yr
Percent of Adults with a Disability, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
50.0
35.2
19.9
20.7
14.1
12.5
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent
Percent
18
Percent of Adults with a Disability, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
22.2 0
WhiteNH
21.9
19.2
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
18.2 Other
Percent of Adults with a Disability, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
40.7 0
<High School
22.8
23.3
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
15.0 College Grad
Percent of Adults with a Disability, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults with a Disability, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
18.3
20.9
14.2
1-2 Dalton
18.0
20.2
12.2
2 Gainesville
19.1
18.6
-2.6
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
14.8
15.9
7.4
3-2 Fulton
11.5
16.6
44.3
3-3 Clayton
14.5
17.8
22.8
3-4 Lawrenceville
13.9
16.0
15.1
3-5 Dekalb
12.0
16.4
36.7
4 Lagrange
17.6
17.4
-1.1
5-1 Dublin
19.3
23.0
19.2
5-2 Macon
20.0
20.5
2.5
6 Augusta
17.5
21.0
20.0
7 Columbus
17.8
21.5
20.8
8-1 Valdosta
17.7
20.8
17.5
8-2 Albany
17.7
22.9
29.4
9-1 Savannah
16.5
19.2
16.4
9-2 Waycross
21.4
25.5
19.2
10 Athens
17.5
20.2
15.4
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
19
High blood pressure increases the risk for heart disease and stroke. It is easily detected and can be controlled by lifestyle modifications like engaging in physical activity, losing weight and reducing dietary salt intake. The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommends that adults have their blood pressure checked by a healthcare professional at least every 2 years.
Adults with High Blood Pressure,
Georgia 2007: 30.4% U.S. 2007: 27.8%
In 2007, more than 2 million adults in Georgia had high blood pressure.
High blood pressure was more common among Black adults than White adults.
High blood pressure was significantly more common among adults 65+ than among any other age group.
High blood pressure was 2 times more common among adults with household incomes less than $15,000 than adults with annual household incomes of $75,000 or more.
Percent
Percent
High Blood Pressure
Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Sex,
Georgia 2007
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
30.2 0
Male
30.5 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Age,
Georgia 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
6.0 0
18-24 yr
13.2 25-34 yr
19.8
34.7
35-44 yr Age
45-54 yr
53.5 55-64 yr
62.5 65+ yr
Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
46.2 0
<High School
34.5
29.4
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
24.0 College Grad
Percent
Percent
Percent
20
Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
29.7 0
WhiteNH
34.9
17.7
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
26.2 Other
Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
48.8
42.1
32.2
28.7
26.5
22.4
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
2000 - 2003
Percent of Adults who have High Blood Pressure, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults who have High Blood Pressure, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
26.6
30.8
15.8
1-2 Dalton
24.2
26.5
9.5
2 Gainesville
21.2
23.5
10.8
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
19.3
21.5
11.4
3-2 Fulton
20.5
23.1
12.7
3-3 Clayton
25.5
26.4
3.5
3-4 Lawrenceville
23.9
19.7
-17.6
3-5 Dekalb
20.7
24.7
19.3
4 Lagrange
26.5
25.0
-5.7
5-1 Dublin
31.6
33.9
7.3
5-2 Macon
31.8
29.3
-7.9
6 Augusta
24.6
30.6
24.4
7 Columbus
33.1
28.7
-13.3
8-1 Valdosta
31.6
29.1
-7.9
8-2 Albany
29.2
30.7
5.1
9-1 Savannah
23.1
24.7
6.9
9-2 Waycross
27.2
34.4
26.5
10 Athens
24.0
26.7
11.3
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
21
Cholesterol is fat needed for the body to function normally, but when there is too much cholesterol in blood, it can be deposited in arterial walls creating waxy plaques. Cholesterol build-up in the arteries happens slowly, but over time can cause heart attacks, stroke and other vascular problems. The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that healthy adults have their cholesterol level checked at least every five years.
Adults with High Cholesterol,
Georgia 2007: 37.4% U.S. 2007: 37.6%
In 2007, more than 2 million adults in Georgia had their blood cholesterol levels checked and were told that their cholesterol level was high.
High cholesterol levels were more common in White adults than Black adults and adults in the other category.
High cholesterol levels were significantly more common in adults 45 years or older compared to any other age group.
High cholesterol levels were more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among adults whose annual household income is more than $35,000.
High cholesterol levels were more common among adults with less than a high school education than among adults with some college education and college graduates.
Percent
Percent
High Cholesterol
Percent of Adults who have High Blood Cholesterol among those who have had their Cholesterol Level checked by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
60 50 40 30 20 10
40.4 0
WhiteNH
32.9
N0.A0
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
30.4 Other
Percent of Adults who have High Blood Cholesterol, among those who have had their Cholesterol Level checked by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
60
50
40
30
20
10
51.0
43.4
39.5
39.8
35.0
32.0
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent
Percent
22
Percent of Adults who have High Blood Cholesterol, among those who have had their Cholesterol Level checked by Age, Georgia 2007
60 50 40 30 20 10
12.2 0
18-24 yr
21.3 25-34 yr
24.7 35-44 yr
44.5 45-54 yr
Age
56.0 55-64 yr
57.6 65+ yr
Percent of Adults who have High Blood Cholesterol, among those who have had their Cholesterol Level checked by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
60 50 40 30 20 10
47.6 0
<High School
39.7
37.4
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
34.1 College Grad
2000 - 2003
Percent of Adults who have High Blood Cholesterol, among those who have had their Cholesterol Level checked,
Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults who have High Blood Cholesterol, among those who have had their Cholesterol Level checked,
Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
34.7
37.7
8.6
1-2 Dalton
29.9
37.8
26.4
2 Gainesville
32.2
33.8
5.0
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
27.4
33.7
23.0
3-2 Fulton
27.7
27.4
-1.1
3-3 Clayton
29.3
28.0
-4.4
3-4 Lawrenceville
34.5
32.4
-6.1
3-5 Dekalb
26.1
30.3
16.1
4 Lagrange
35.2
35.4
0.6
5-1 Dublin
27.9
37.8
35.5
5-2 Macon
33.1
34.7
4.8
6 Augusta
32.7
32.8
0.3
7 Columbus
30.9
35.4
14.6
8-1 Valdosta
29.1
35.0
20.3
8-2 Albany
30.5
30.6
0.3
9-1 Savannah
28.2
35.4
25.5
9-2 Waycross
29.7
34.2
15.2
10 Athens
31.8
35.2
10.7
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
23
Risk Behaviors
Cigarette Smoking
Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking is associated with illness and death related to heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and fire. For those who smoke, quitting is always beneficial. At every age, smokers who quit live longer than those who continue smoking. Policy changes to prevent the initiation of smoking among youth and to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are also important for reducing the burden of tobacco-related death and disease in Georgia.
Adults who Smoke Cigarettes,
Georgia 2007: 19.4% U.S. 2007: 19.8%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: <12%
In 2007, approximately 1.3 million adult Georgians smoked cigarettes.
Smoking cigarettes was more common among men than among women.
Smoking cigarettes was 3 times more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among adults whose household income was $75,000 or more.
Smoking cigarettes was significantly more common among adults with less than a high school education than among any other level of education.
Smoking cigarettes was twice as common among with no health insurance than among adults with health insurance.
Percent
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Sex,
Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10
21.2 0
Male
17.6 Female
Sex
Percent
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Age,
Georgia 2007
50 40 30 20 10
23.4 0
18-24 yr
22.0 25-34 yr
18.8
35-44 yr Age
23.3 45-54 yr
18.0 55-64 yr
9.9 65+ yr
Percent
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
50 40 30 20 10
35.1 0
<High School
25.0
23.3
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
8.3 College Grad
Percent
Percent
24
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
50 40 30 20 10
19.1 0
WhiteNH
19.6
15.0
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
22.9 Other
Percent
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10
32.2
30.3
25.5
22.5
16.6
10.2
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10
17.1 0
Health Coverage
36.0 No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
2000 - 2003
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
31.7
27.2
-14.2
1-2 Dalton
29.9
24.4
-18.4
2 Gainesville
24.0
21.6
-10.0
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
19.5
14.9
-23.6
3-2 Fulton
18.6
15.3
-17.7
3-3 Clayton
26.8
23.4
-12.7
3-4 Lawrenceville
24.5
16.5
-32.7*
3-5 Dekalb
18.9
13.7
-27.5
4 Lagrange
23.7
20.2
-14.8
5-1 Dublin
22.1
21.9
-0.9
5-2 Macon
27.8
24.9
-10.4
6 Augusta
25.2
22.9
-9.1
7 Columbus
22.7
22.8
0.4
8-1 Valdosta
25.6
25.4
-0.8
8-2 Albany
24.3
21.7
-10.7
9-1 Savannah
26.6
24.8
-6.8
9-2 Waycross
27.8
25.8
-7.2
10 Athens
24.5
20.2
-17.6
*Statistically significant difference exists.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
25
Physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps maintain healthy body weight, reduces the risk of falls and fractures, helps prevent back pain, reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life. Benefits can be achieved through regular moderate-intensity activities like walking, housework, and gardening as well as through traditional exercise programs. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every week (30 minutes a day), and muscle strengthening activities on two or more days.
Adults who are Physically Inactive during Leisure Time,
Georgia 2007: 24.7% U.S. 2007: 23.0%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: < 20%
In 2007, more than 1.7 million adult Georgians were physically inactive during their leisure time.
Physical inactivity during leisure time was more common among women than men.
Physical inactivity during leisure time was more common among Black adults than White adults.
Physical inactivity was significantly more common in adults 45 years or older compared to adults 18 24 years of age.
Physical inactivity during leisure time was significantly more common among adults with less than a high school education than among any other level of education.
Adults with no health insurance were significantly less physically active than adults with health coverage.
Percent
Percent
Percent
Physical Inactivity
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Sex,
Georgia 2007
60
50
40
30
20
10
22.0
27.3
0
Male
Female
Sex
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Age,
Georgia 2007
60 50 40 30 20 10
16.7 0
18-24 yr
20.7 25-34 yr
21.4
35-44 yr Age
26.2 45-54 yr
28.6 55-64 yr
35.2 65+ yr
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
60 50 40 30 20 10
44.8 0
<High School
31.9
24.8
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
14.2 College Grad
Percent
Percent
Percent
26
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
60 50 40 30 20 10
22.1 0
WhiteNH
31.5
BlackNH Race/Ethnicity
18.9 Hispanic
24.5 Other
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
60
50
40
30
20
10
51.5
39.1
29.3
21.1
20.6
12.7
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2007
60
50
40
30
20
10
20
34.7
0
Health Coverage
No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
2000 - 2003
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
29.5
24.6
-16.6
1-2 Dalton
27.5
23.5
-14.5
2 Gainesville
26.3
22.5
-14.4
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
16.7
16.7
0.0
3-2 Fulton
19.7
22.4
13.7
3-3 Clayton
27.0
26.1
-3.3
3-4 Lawrenceville
23.2
20.8
-10.3
3-5 Dekalb
23.3
21.8
-6.4
4 Lagrange
24.3
25.5
4.9
5-1 Dublin
31.4
31.1
-1.0
5-2 Macon
26.9
29.0
7.8
6 Augusta
30.1
30.1
0.0
7 Columbus
25.8
27.6
7.0
8-1 Valdosta
30.7
28.7
-6.5
8-2 Albany
31.0
29.1
-6.1
9-1 Savannah
25.4
23.8
-6.3
9-2 Waycross
32.2
34.2
6.2
10 Athens
27.5
25.6
-6.9
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
27
Consumption of Less than Five Servings
28
of Fruits and Vegetables Daily
Fruits and vegetables contain essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber that may help protect you from chronic diseases. Compared with people who consume a diet with only small amounts of fruits and vegetables, those who eat more generous amounts as part of a healthful diet are likely to have reduced risk of chronic diseases, including stroke and perhaps other cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.
Adults who Consume Less than 5 Servings of Fruits and Vegetables Daily,
Georgia 2007: 75.0% U.S. 2007: 75.6%
In 2007, more than 5 million adult Georgians did not consume the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables daily.
Significantly more men ate less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily than women.
More adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 ate less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
More adults with less than a high school education ate less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
Percent
Percent of Adults who consumed less than 5 Fruits or Vegetables Daily, by Sex, Georgia 2007
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
78.9
71.2
0
Male
Female
Sex
Percent of Adults who consumed less than 5 Fruits or Vegetables Daily, by Age, Georgia 2007
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 71.9 0 18-24 yr
76.5 25-34 yr
74.8
75.2
35-44 yr Age
45-54 yr
76.6 55-64 yr
72.9 65+ yr
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults who consumed less than 5 Fruits or Vegetables Daily, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 75.2 0 WhiteNH
74.8
NA
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
71.0 Other
Percent
Percent of Adults who consumed less than 5 Fruits or Vegetables Daily, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
80.6
77.5
77.1
75.0
75.9
70.1
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999
$75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent of Adults who consumed less than 5 Fruits or Vegetables Daily, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
Percent
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 83.8 0 <High School
80.7
73.8
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
69.2 College Grad
Percent of Adults who Consume Less than 5 Fruits and Vegatables Serving Daily, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults who Consume Less than 5 Fruits and Vegetables Serving Daily, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
79.3
77.8
-1.9
1-2 Dalton
78.0
77.7
-0.4
2 Gainesville
75.3
76.1
1.1
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
76.4
72.9
-4.6
3-2 Fulton
74.2
76.5
3.1
3-3 Clayton
81.5
78.8
-3.3
3-4 Lawrenceville
75.8
76.4
0.8
3-5 Dekalb
74.3
71.5
-3.8
4 Lagrange
79.0
73.6
-6.8
5-1 Dublin
80.1
82.1
2.5
5-2 Macon
79.4
75.7
-4.7
6 Augusta
80.0
76.3
-4.6
7 Columbus
80.8
78.2
-3.2
8-1 Valdosta
80.5
77.1
-4.2
8-2 Albany
81.1
80.6
-0.6
9-1 Savannah
77.2
74.6
-3.4
9-2 Waycross
80.5
81.5
1.2
10 Athens
78.1
75.6
-3.2
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
29
30
Binge Drinking
Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks for men
and four drinks or more for women on an occasion. One
drink equals one can or bottle of beer, one glass of wine,
one can or bottle of wine cooler, one cocktail or one shot
of liquor. Binge drinking can result in acute impairment
25
of judgment and physical skills, and causes a significant
fraction of alcohol-related deaths. Binge drinking increases
20
the risk of unintentional injuries (motor vehicle crashes,
Percent
drowning and falls) and suicide. Chronic conditions such
15
as high blood pressure, pancreatitis and poor diabetic
control are also related to binge drinking. Binge drinking
10
has high social and economic impact; it increases the risk
5
of homicide, child abuse, rape and domestic violence and
causes loss of productivity. Binge drinking during pregnancy
0
may cause fetal alcohol syndrome. Effective prevention
measures against binge drinking can save lives and prevent
development of birth defects.
Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Sex,
Georgia 2007
18.2
7.1
Male
Female
Sex
Percent
Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
25 20 15 10
5 13.8
0 WhiteNH
9.3
NA
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
10.1 Other
Adults who Binge Drink,
Georgia 2007: 12.5% U.S. 2007: 15.8%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: < 6%
25
In 2007, approximately 840,000 adult Georgians were binge
drinkers.
20
Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Age,
Georgia 2007
Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
25
20
Percent
Binge drinking was significantly more common among
15
15
Percent
men than among women.
10
Binge drinking was more common among White adults
10
than among Black adults.
5
Binge drinking was more common among adults, aged 44 years of age or younger than among adults aged 45 years of age or older.
Binge drinking was nearly twice as common among
5
18.6 0
18-24 yr
18.2 25-34 yr
16.1
35-44 yr Age
9.6 45-54 yr
6.7 55-64 yr
3.3 65+ yr
9.6 0
9.6
11.4
11.5
13.0
17.3
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
adults whose annual household income was $75,000
or more than among adults who earned less than
$25,000.
2000 - 2003
Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
10.7
10.8
0.9
1-2 Dalton
12.4
13.5
8.9
2 Gainesville
9.1
12.0
31.9
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
14.7
16.3
10.9
3-2 Fulton
16.5
16.1
-2.4
3-3 Clayton
13.5
10.5
-22.2
3-4 Lawrenceville
12.6
14.6
15.9
3-5 Dekalb
14.5
11.7
-19.3
4 Lagrange
12.8
11.4
-10.9
5-1 Dublin
9.2
11.0
19.6
5-2 Macon
14.4
9.0
-37.5
6 Augusta
11.1
13.3
19.8
7 Columbus
15.2
14.4
-5.3
8-1 Valdosta
10.3
11.0
6.8
8-2 Albany
13.4
7.8
-41.8*
9-1 Savannah
15.1
14.5
-4.0
9-2 Waycross
14.2
12.4
-12.7
10 Athens
13.4
11.9
-11.2
*Statistically significant difference exists.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
31
No Health Insurance
Access to preventive services and health care can prevent or improve the outcomes of many diseases. Insurance coverage is a strong factor in determining whether people will have access to services like screenings, treatment, and health recommendations. Access to quality health care can help eliminate disparities in disease and disease outcomes and can improve the quality and length of life for people living in Georgia. Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by insufficient coverage. People who cannot afford to see a doctor or a health-care professional for either of these reasons are at risk for adverse health outcomes.
Adults with No Health Insurance,
Georgia 2007: 19.5% U.S. 2007: 16.6%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 0%
In 2007, more than 1 million Georgia adults had no health insurance.
Significantly more Black adults than White adults did not have health insurance.
Significantly more adults whose household annual income was less than $35,000 a year did not have health insurance than adults in households that earned $35,000 or more.
Significantly more adults with less than a high school education did not have health insurance than adults with some college or college graduates.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Sex,
Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10
21.0 0
Male
18.0 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Age,
Georgia 2007
50 40 30 20 10
35.6 0
18-24 yr
26.8 25-34 yr
16.6
35-44 yr Age
14.3 45-54 yr
12.2 55-64 yr
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10 41.3
0 <High School
27.0
20.3
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
9.3 College Grad
Percent
Percent
Percent
32
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
50 40 30 20 10
14.1 0
WhiteNH
28.2
NA
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
19.8 Other
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
50
40
30
20
10
44.5
44.3
31.2
16.7
11.2
5.0
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
2000 - 2003
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
14.5
17.9
23.4
1-2 Dalton
15.2
17.2
13.2
2 Gainesville
14.8
15.4
4.1
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
11.5
10.7
-7.0
3-2 Fulton
16.5
14.5
-12.1
3-3 Clayton
16.7
22.8
36.5
3-4 Lawrenceville
13.1
14.9
13.7
3-5 Dekalb
17.2
17.8
3.5
4 Lagrange
12.7
15.6
22.8
5-1 Dublin
17.1
21.6
26.3
5-2 Macon
14.5
17.0
17.2
6 Augusta
17.2
18.9
9.9
7 Columbus
17.0
15.9
-6.5
8-1 Valdosta
20.6
24.7
19.9
8-2 Albany
19.2
23.2
20.8
9-1 Savannah
17.0
17.1
0.6
9-2 Waycross
22.0
26.7
21.4
10 Athens
16.1
16.4
1.9
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
33
Preventive Practices
Mammography
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence among women in Georgia and the second leading cause of cancer death. The number of deaths can be reduced if the disease is diagnosed early. Factors associated with breast cancer are personal or family history of breast cancer, biopsy-confirmed atypical hyperplasia, early onset of the menstrual cycle coupled with late onset of menopause, use of oral contraceptives or post-menopausal estrogens, never having children or first child born after age 30 and consuming 2 or more drinks of alcohol daily. The American Cancer Society recommends that women ages 40 and older receive annual breast cancer screening, including a clinical breast exam and a mammogram.
Women, aged 40+ years, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years,
Georgia 2007: 76.0% U.S. 2006: 76.5%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 70%
In 2007, more than 150,000 women of Georgia women, aged 40+ years, have had a mammogram in the last two years.
More women who had some college education or college graduates had mammograms than women with less than a high school education.
Significantly more women with health insurance had mammograms than women without health insurance.
Percent
Percent of Women, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
71.4
68.3
69.9
80.1
79.4
81.3
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent
Percent of Women, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2007
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 78.5
0 Health Coverage
53.7 No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
Percent
34
Percent of Women, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 65.9 0 <High School
74.8
76.5
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
79.9 College Grad
Percent of Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
70.0
72.1
3.0
1-2 Dalton
74.8
74.1
-0.9
2 Gainesville
74.2
73.6
-0.8
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
76.6
77.0
0.5
3-2 Fulton
81.0
79.5
-1.9
3-3 Clayton
73.2
70.4
-3.8
3-4 Lawrenceville
80.5
76.4
-5.1
3-5 Dekalb
78.6
81.1
3.2
4 Lagrange
76.5
76.3
-0.3
5-1 Dublin
70.7
71.1
0.6
5-2 Macon
76.4
76.6
0.3
6 Augusta
80.2
76.6
-4.5
7 Columbus
77.8
81.6
4.9
8-1 Valdosta
73.5
67.4
-8.3
8-2 Albany
74.1
78.3
5.7
9-1 Savannah
78.8
75.6
-4.1
9-2 Waycross
71.3
67.0
-6.0
10 Athens
73.7
74.7
1.4
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
35
The risk of developing cervical cancer is closely linked with sexual practices and sexually transmitted human papillomavirus infection. Becoming sexually active at a young age, having multiple sex partners, and smoking cigarettes are all risk factors for cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends that all women begin cervical cancer screening within 3 years after becoming sexually active, but no later than age 21. Screening should be done every year with the regular Pap test, or every 2 years using the newer liquid-based Pap test. At age 30, women who have had 3 normal Pap tests in a row may get screened every two to three years.
Women who have had a Pap test within Three Years,
Georgia 2007: 86.0% U.S. 2006: 84.0%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 90%
In 2007, an estimated 1.9 million Georgia women have had a pap test in the last three years.
More women whose annual household income is $75,000 or more have had a pap test in the past three years than women at any other income level.
More women who were college graduates had a pap test than women with any other level of education.
Significantly more women with health insurance had a pap test than women without health insurance.
.
Percent
Percent
Pap Test
Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test, within past 3 years, by Annual Household Income,
Georgia 2007
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
75.6
75.2
88.3
89.6
88.3
91.7
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Annual Household Income
Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test, within past 3 years, by Health Insurance Status,
Georgia 2007
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 90.8
0 Health Coverage
70.8 No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
Percent
36
Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test, within past 3 years, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 71.7 0 <High School
78.5
88.2
High School Grad
Some college
Level of Education
91.7 College Grad
Percent of Women without Hysterectomy who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Women without Hysterectomy who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
85.1
85.1
0.0
1-2 Dalton
90.5
88.1
-2.7
2 Gainesville
87.6
88.1
0.6
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
91.9
90.4
-1.6
3-2 Fulton
92.1
89.4
-2.9
3-3 Clayton
92.2
90.3
-2.1
3-4 Lawrenceville
91.2
88.7
-2.7
3-5 Dekalb
91.7
90.3
-1.5
4 Lagrange
90.2
88.1
-2.3
5-1 Dublin
91.6
84.5
-7.8*
5-2 Macon
94.5
90.0
-4.8
6 Augusta
92.0
89.2
-3.0
7 Columbus
93.1
88.0
-5.5
8-1 Valdosta
89.2
85.0
-4.7
8-2 Albany
89.5
87.1
-2.7
9-1 Savannah
91.0
88.3
-3.0
9-2 Waycross
86.3
82.3
-4.6
10 Athens
87.5
88.9
1.6
*Statistically significant difference exists.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
37
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and through intravenous drug use. People who become infected with the virus can be asymptomatic for long periods of time during which they can infect sexual and drug injection partners. Following infection with HIV, people develop AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system and leaves patients vulnerable to a wide variety of potentially fatal opportunistic infections. Testing for HIV infection is crucial to determine HIV status. When individuals are aware of their HIV status they have knowledge of their health status and opportunities for counselling from health care professionals. Knowledge of HIV status provides the opportunity to reduce risk behaviors so that those infected can stop HIV transmission, begin treatment, and, in the case of pregnant women, reduce the risk of transmission to an unborn baby. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends HIV testing as part of routine medical care for persons aged 13 64 years.*
Adults, aged 18-64 years, Tested for HIV,
Georgia 2007: 48.5%
In 2007, more than 2.5 million Georgia adults, aged 18-64 years, have ever been tested for HIV.
HIV testing occurred significantly more among Black adults than among White adults.
HIV testing was more common among adults aged 2544 years than among adults of any other age group.
*CDC. Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Health Care Settings. MMWR 2006; 55 (No. RR 14): 1 17.
Percent
Percent
HIV/AIDS Testing
Percent of Adults, 18-64, who have ever been Tested for HIV, by Sex,
Georgia 2007
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
47.3
49.7
0
Male
Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, 18-64, who have ever been Tested for HIV, by Age,
Georgia 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
36.1 0
18-24 yr
64.9 25-34 yr
58.4
35-44 yr Age
38.8 45-54 yr
24.0 55-64 yr
Percent
Percent
38
Percent of Adults, 18-64, who have ever been Tested for HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
41.1 0
WhiteNH
62.3
NA
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
53.0 Other
Percent of Adults, 18-64, who have ever been Tested for HIV, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
41.7 0
<High School
43.5
High School Grad Sex
52.8 Some college
50.1 College Grad
Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who Have Been Tested for HIV1, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who Have Been Tested for HIV, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
46.7
41.5
-11.1
1-2 Dalton
53.2
42.6
-19.9*
2 Gainesville
47.0
37.7
-19.8*
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
55.1
46.8
-15.1*
3-2 Fulton
59.5
57.0
-4.2
3-3 Clayton
65.5
60.4
-7.8
3-4 Lawrenceville
52.6
44.4
-15.6
3-5 Dekalb
63.7
59.4
-6.8
4 Lagrange
47.5
45.6
-4.0
5-1 Dublin
50.7
40.1
-20.9*
5-2 Macon
53.8
49.8
-7.4
6 Augusta
55.4
47.7
-13.9*
7 Columbus
58.4
50.1
-14.2
8-1 Valdosta
57.0
49.8
-12.6
8-2 Albany
58.5
49.4
-15.6*
9-1 Savannah
61.5
52.2
-15.1*
9-2 Waycross
53.4
45.1
-15.5*
10 Athens
47.5
39.5
-16.8
*Statistically significant difference exists.
1Note: Reasons for the decline in the percentage of adults who have been tested are unclear. Since September 2006, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended HIV testing as part of routine medical care for persons aged 13 64 years.**
**CDC. Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Health Care Settings. MMWR 2006; 55 (No. RR 14): 1 17.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
39
Infection with the influenza virus is often resolved within two weeks, but can lead to serious or life-threatening disease in some people, especially the elderly or people with chronic health problems. Influenza vaccination, or a flu shot, can reduce much of the morbidity and mortality associated with the flu.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that the following groups should receive influenza vaccinations during the influenza season: 1) Children aged 6 months up to their 19th birthday; 2) Pregnant women; 3) People of any age with certain chronic medical conditions; 4) People who live in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities; 5) People who live with or care for those at high risk for complications of flu, this includes - healthcare workers, household contacts of persons at high risk for complications from the flu, and household contacts and out of home caregivers of children less than 6 months of age.
Adults, aged 65+ years, who had a Flu shot in the Last Year,
Georgia 2007: 67.6% U.S. 2007: 72.0%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 90%
In 2007, more than 600,000 adult Georgians, aged 65+ years, had an influenza vaccination.
Significantly more White adults aged 65+ received a flu shot than Black adults.
More adults aged 65+ who were college graduates received a flu shot than adults with a high school education or less than a high school education.
Percent
Percent
Influenza Vaccination
Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination, by Sex, Georgia 2007
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
67.7
67.5
0
Male
Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination
by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 60.5 0 <High Sc hool
63.2
70.1
High Sc hool Grad
Some c ollege
Level of Education
75.8 College Grad
Percent
40
Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination,
by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 72.5 0 WhiteNH
51.2
NA
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
NA Other
Percent of Adults, aged 65+ years, who have had an Influenza Vaccination within the last 12 months, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults, aged 65+ years, who have had an Influenza Vaccination within the last 12 months, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
59.4
59.9
0.8
1-2 Dalton
64.1
63.8
-0.5
2 Gainesville
63.8
68.6
7.5
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
55.5
76.2
37.3
3-2 Fulton
59.7
64.0
7.2
3-3 Clayton
58.0
58.4
0.7
3-4 Lawrenceville
72.6
68.0
-6.3
3-5 Dekalb
61.1
73.8
20.8
4 Lagrange
61.1
61.4
0.5
5-1 Dublin
62.0
59.7
-3.7
5-2 Macon
66.5
63.9
-3.9
6 Augusta
67.5
67.0
-0.7
7 Columbus
58.6
58.7
0.2
8-1 Valdosta
67.5
61.4
-9.0
8-2 Albany
67.9
62.9
-7.4
9-1 Savannah
62.8
61.9
-1.4
9-2 Waycross
65.2
55.9
-14.3
10 Athens
61.7
58.8
-4.7
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
41
Pneumococcal bacteria can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and infections in the blood (septicemia). Adults older than 65 and people with chronic health problems like diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure are at especially high risk for infection. Penicillin was once an effective treatment for pneumococcal disease, but drug resistant strains of the bacteria have increased the importance of preventing infections through immunization. The vaccine can be given at any time of the year. Usually one dose is all that is needed. However revaccination is recommended if the first dose was received prior to age 65 and if at least 5 years have elapsed since the previous dose.
Adults, aged 65+ years, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination,
Georgia 2007: 63.6% U.S. 2007: 67.3%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 90%
In 2007, more than 560,000 adult Georgians, aged 65+ years, have ever had a pneumonia vaccination.
Significantly more White adults aged 65+ received a pneumonia vaccination than Black adults aged 65+.
Percent
Percent
Pneumonia Vaccination
Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had a Pneumonia Vaccination, by Sex, Georgia 2007
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
61.7
64.9
0
Male
Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had a Pneumonia Vaccination
by Level of Education, Georgia 2007
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 57.0 0 <High Sc hool
61 .6
66.7
High Sc hool Grad
Some c ollege
Level of Education
68.4 College Grad
Percent
42
Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had a Pneumonia Vaccination,
by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 68.8 0 WhiteNH
45.7
NA
BlackNH
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
NA Other
Percent of Adults, aged 65+ years, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2007
Percent of Adults, aged 65+ years, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2007
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2007 Percent (%) Change
1-1 Rome
56.3
62.1
10.3
1-2 Dalton
67.8
63.3
-6.6
2 Gainesville
55.0
59.2
7.6
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
63.6
71.6
12.6
3-2 Fulton
47.6
64.5
35.5
3-3 Clayton
55.7
64.9
16.5
3-4 Lawrenceville
73.0
64.6
-11.5
3-5 Dekalb
57.6
70.6
22.6
4 Lagrange
54.0
56.5
4.6
5-1 Dublin
53.7
55.9
4.1
5-2 Macon
61.3
60.0
-2.1
6 Augusta
63.7
64.7
1.6
7 Columbus
45.1
49.8
10.4
8-1 Valdosta
54.2
62.0
14.4
8-2 Albany
63.2
55.5
-12.2
9-1 Savannah
52.1
62.1
19.2
9-2 Waycross
61.1
54.5
-10.8
10 Athens
63.3
59.4
-6.2
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
43
Healthy People 2010 Table
44
Year 2010 HealthPrOogrbessjteowcartdisvHeealsthy fPoeoprle 2t0h10eObjNectaivets,ion: Summary of BRFSS Data,GeGorgeia,o20r0g2-2i0a07, 2002-2007
Healthy People 2010 1 Objectives 2 Health Outcomes
Georgia 2002
Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year 2010 Target
Obese, BMI 30 (Objective # 19.2) Ages 20 years
Diabetes, Clinically Diagnosed (Objective #5.3) Ages >18 years
24%
26%
25%
27%
28%
29% 15%
7%
8%
7%
8%
9%
10% 2.5%
Limitation in Activities Due to Arthritis (Objective #2.2) Adults with Doctor-diagnosed Arthritis, Ages >18 yrs (definition for arthritis surveillance before change in 2002)
Health-related Behaviors
41%
41%
43% 33%
(< 21%)
No Leisure Time Physical Activity (Objective # 22.1) Ages >18 years
26%
25%
26%
27%
25%
25% 20%
Regular Moderate Physical Activity,
42%
42%
48% 50%
5 or more days/week for 30 or more
(> 30%)
minutes or Vigorous Physical
Activity, 3 or more days per week for
20 minutes or more per day
(Objective # 22.2)
Ages 18 years
Regular, Vigorous Physical Activity, 3
25%
24%
28% 30%
or more days per week for 20 or more
minutes
(Objective #22.3)
Ages >18 years
Cigarette Smoking (Objective #
23%
23%
20%
22%
20%
19% 12%
27.1a)
Ages 18 years
Binge Drinking, During Past Month
13%
13%
12%
12%
12%
13% 6%
(Objective # 26.11c)
Ages 18 years
1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000.
2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact definition of the objective.
Data were not collected in that year. ( ) Original target prior to 2005 Midcourse Review Met Year 2010 target.
Healthy People 2010 Objectives (cont'd)
Georgia 2002
Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia
2003 2004
2005
2006
2007
Year 2010 Target
Screening/Vaccinations
Pap Smear, Ever Had (Objective 96% 97% 95%
95%
94%
95% 97%
#3.11a)
Women without a hysterectomy, Ages
>18 years
Pap Smear, Within Past Three Years (Objective #3.11b) Women without a hysterectomy, Ages >18 years
Mammogram, Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.13) Women, Ages >40 years
87% 88%
76% 76%
85%
75%
87%
75%
87%
79%
86%
76%
90% 70%
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) 30% Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.12a) Ages >50 years
Sigmoidoscopy, Ever Had
(Objective #3.12b)
Ages >50 years
Cholesterol Screening, Within
Past Five Years (Objective
#12.15)
Ages >18 years
26%
27%
27%
33%
(> 50%)
54% 62% 57%
50%
75%
74%
80% 80%
Influenza Vaccination, Within Past Year (Objective # 14.29a) Ages 65 years
59%
67%
64%
61%
65%
68% 90%
Pneumococcal Vaccination, Ever 57%
61%
59%
63%
63%
64% 90%
Had (Objective # 14.29b)
Ages 65 years
Access to Health Care
Health Insurance (Objective #
84%
84%
83%
83%
84%
83% 100%
1.1)
Ages 18 years
Specific Source of Ongoing
77%
77%
79%
79%
80%
79% 96%
Primary Care (Objective #1.4c)
Ages 18 years
1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC:U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000.
2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact definition of the objective.
Data were not collected in that year. ( ) Original target prior to 2005 Midcourse Review Met Year 2010 target.
Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health Publication No.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
45
Data Tables
46
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate
Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance
Obesity (BMI 30) N=7,344
n
%
95% CI
2,118 28.7 27.2-30.2
n 1,072
Diabetes N=7,700
%
95% CI
10.1
9.3-11.0
Asthma N=7,638
Coronary Heart Disease N=7,610
Heart Attack N=7,658
n%
95% CI
n % 95% CI
n % 95% CI
675 7.6
6.9-8.4 507 4.1
3.6-4.6 476 4.3
3.8-4.9
762 28.7 26.3-31.2 404 9.8 1,356 28.7 27.0-30.5 668 10.4
8.6-11.3 9.4-11.5
141 4.4 534 10.7
3.5-5.4 215 4.6 9.6-11.9 292 3.5
3.9-5.6 243 5.7 3.0-4.0 233 3.1
4.8-6.7 2.6-3.6
1,443 26.0 24.5-27.5 749 9.3
8.5-10.1
515 35.5 32.0-39.2 239 12.5 10.5-14.9
42 23.3 15.6-33.2
23 8.2
4.8-13.8
87 28.6 21.9-36.5
37 9.0
5.8-13.7
40 12.9
8.6-18.9
34 3.5
2.2-5.4
220 27.3 23.4-31.6
380 32.2 28.9-35.7
62 5.1
3.8-6.9
486 32.4 29.5-35.5 188 11.4
9.6-13.5
501 33.7 30.8-36.7 305 19.1 16.8-21.6
482 23.4 21.2-25.7 476 23.8 21.6-26.2
490 8.2 129 6.9
9 3.2 33 7.7
. 18 5.7 74 8.0 110 7.3 150 8.2 152 8.2 166 7.5
7.3-9.2 413 4.8
5.5-8.6 61 2.8
1.4-7.2
6 1.8
5.1-11.4 17 4.0
4.2-5.4 381 4.8 1.9-4.0 51 3.0 0.7-4.7 13 3.7 2.0-7.8 18 5.6
4.2-5.4 2.1-4.3 1.9-7.1 3.1-9.7
3.3-9.5 6.2-10.3
5.9-9.1 6.8-9.9 6.7-9.9 6.2-8.9
3 0.6 2 0.6 17 1.3 61 3.8 135 7.8 286 13.8
0.2-1.8 0.1-2.6 0.7-2.4 2.8-5.0 6.3-9.6 12.1-15.8
2 0.8 7 1.0 18 1.5 58 4.2 113 7.6 276 14.3
0.2-4.0 0.5-2.2 0.8-2.8 3.1-5.6 5.9-9.8 12.5-16.4
283 41.3 36.0-46.8 180 18.8 15.4-22.7
334 35.6 31.2-40.1 202 17.1 14.1-20.6
239 33.8 28.7-39.4 124 13.2 10.0-17.4
291 29.1 25.1-33.4 132 7.1
5.7-8.8
300 29.0 25.3-32.9 111 8.3
6.5-10.6
426 23.4 20.8-26.1 142 5.5
4.5-6.7
128 15.6 116 10.6 56 7.0 67 5.0 83 5.9 130 6.7
12.2-19.7 102 9.1 8.4-13.3 87 6.6 4.9-10.0 60 4.5 3.7-6.7 60 3.0 4.4-7.7 43 2.7 5.4-8.2 78 2.7
6.9-11.9 4.7-9.2 3.1-6.4 2.2-4.1 1.8-3.9 2.0-3.5
104 12.0 94 8.8 49 3.7 60 3.3 39 2.9 43 1.7
9.0-15.8 6.6-11.5 2.5-5.3 2.4-4.4 1.9-4.4 1.2-2.6
290 35.0 30.1-40.2 220 19.7 16.5-23.4
659 32.2 29.2-35.2 383 12.7 11.0-14.6
557 30.7 27.7-33.9 230 8.8
7.3-10.6
610 23.3 21.1-25.7 238 6.8
5.7-8.0
110 12.7 191 7.0 176 7.8 197 6.6
9.7-16.6 106 8.7 5.9-8.4 151 4.3 6.5-9.5 132 3.8 5.5-7.8 117 2.9
6.5-11.7 3.4-5.4 3.0-4.7 2.3-3.7
120 11.7 152 4.8 107 3.5
96 2.6
9.1-14.8 3.8-6.1 2.7-4.5 2.0-3.5
1,335 29.0 27.2-30.9 490 8.1
289 32.2 27.9-36.9
96 8.1
7.2-9.1 6.0-10.9
402 7.4 98 8.4
6.5-8.4 184 2.6 6.5-10.7 34 2.4
2.1-3.2 158 2.7 1.5-3.8 40 3.4
2.2-3.4 2.3-5.0
N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable and thus are not available because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width.
Data Tables
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate
Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance
Stroke N=7,687
Disability N=7,585
High Blood Pressure N=7,692
High Cholesterol N=6,712
Cigarette Smoking N=7,674
Physical Inactivity N=7,694
n
%
95% CI
n%
95% CI
n
%
95% CI
n%
95% CI
n%
95% CI
n%
95% CI
349
3.3
2.8-3.8 2,096 21.8 20.5-23.1 3,095 30.4 29.0-31.8 3,024 37.4 35.8-39.0 1,366 19.4 18.1-20.7 2,168 24.7 23.3-26.2
120
3.3
229
3.3
.
242
2.7
69
4.5
9
3.3
17
2.7
2.5-4.3 697 20.9 2.7-3.9 1,399 22.7
18.8-23.1 1,096 30.2 21.2-24.2 1,999 30.5
27.9-32.6 1,103 38.6 28.9-32.2 1,921 36.3
35.9-41.3 34.5-38.2
527 21.2 839 17.6
19.1-23.6 670 22.0 16.1-19.1 1,498 27.3
19.8-24.4 25.7-29.1
2.3-3.2 1,584 22.2
3.2-6.4 357 21.9
1.5-7.3
38 19.2
1.5-4.6
75 18.2
20.8-23.6 2,268 29.7
19.1-25.0 638 34.9
12.0-29.2
48 17.7
13.3-24.5
86 26.2
28.3-31.2 31.6-38.4 12.2-25.1 19.9-33.7
2,370 474 53 77
40.4 32.9
NA 30.4
38.7-42.1 1,008 19.1
29.4-36.7 249 19.6
NA
28 15.0
22.9-39.1
60 22.9
17.7-20.5 16.7-22.8
9.2-23.5 16.7-30.6
1,513 22.1 484 31.5 51 18.9 75 24.5
20.7-23.5 28.1-35.1 13.0-26.6 18.3-32.0
4
1.9
0.5-6.6
28 9.1
5.8-14.0
16 6.0
3.2-11.0
15 12.2
6.4-22.0
65 23.4 17.4-30.6
43 16.7 11.6-23.5
8
1.2
0.4-3.5 100 14.2 10.9-18.2 100 13.2 10.3-16.7 113 21.3 17.3-25.9 165 22.0 18.4-26.0 161 20.7 16.9-25.0
19
1.5
0.8-2.7 208 15.4 13.0-18.0 240 19.8 17.1-22.8 269 24.7 21.5-28.1 237 18.8 16.2-21.8 280 21.4 18.7-24.4
47
3.2
2.3-4.6 406 26.4 23.7-29.4 550 34.7 31.7-37.7 628 44.5 41.2-47.8 367 23.3 20.7-26.1 410 26.2 23.5-29.1
79
5.5
4.2-7.2 535 31.6 28.9-34.5 842 53.5 50.4-56.5 829 56.0 52.9-59.1 308 18.0 15.8-20.5 494 28.6 26.0-31.4
189
8.6
7.3-10.2 803 38.0 35.5-40.7 1,317 62.5 59.9-65.1 1,148 57.6 54.8-60.3 206 9.9
8.3-11.7 758 35.2 32.7-37.8
90 10.1
79
6.6
36
3.6
42
2.7
24
1.4
24
1.1
7.6-13.4 4.8-9.1 1.8-7.0 1.9-3.8 0.8-2.3 0.6-1.8
433 50.0 406 35.2 207 19.9 243 20.7 191 14.1 273 12.5
44.6-55.5 31.1-39.5 16.3-24.1 17.4-24.5 11.5-17.2 10.6-14.6
446 48.8 527 42.1 337 32.2 418 28.7 360 26.5 535 22.4
43.5-54.2 37.7-46.6 27.4-37.3 25.2-32.5 23.3-30.0 20.2-24.9
364 51.0 435 43.4 299 39.5 426 39.8 402 35.0 648 32.0
44.9-57.1 38.8-48.2 33.6-45.8 35.2-44.6 31.2-39.0 29.3-34.9
219 32.2 274 30.3 159 25.5 202 22.5 163 16.6 185 10.2
27.4-37.4 26.2-34.7 20.8-31.0 18.7-26.9 13.7-19.9
8.4-12.4
405 51.5 437 39.1 226 29.3 261 21.1 229 20.6 250 12.7
46.1-56.9 34.9-43.6 24.3-34.9 17.9-24.6 17.2-24.5 10.6-15.0
91
8.0
6.0-10.5 400 40.7 35.7-46.0 513 46.2 41.2-51.2 412 47.6 42.1-53.3 243 35.1 30.3-40.3 459 44.8 39.8-49.9
115
4.0
3.0-5.3 639 22.8 20.4-25.3 1,004 34.5 31.7-37.3 891 39.7 36.5-42.9 491 25.0 22.4-27.9 765 31.9 29.0-34.9
81
3.1
2.1-4.4 538 23.3 20.8-26.1 755 29.4 26.7-32.2 744 37.4 34.1-40.7 382 23.3 20.4-26.5 522 24.8 22.1-27.8
61
1.6
1.2-2.3 513 15.0 13.2-16.9 814 24.0 21.9-26.2 969 34.1 31.7-36.7 244 8.3
7.0-9.9 413 14.2 12.4-16.3
126
2.2
31
3.4
1.7-2.8 1,033 18.8 2.0-5.8 239 21.3
17.3-20.4 1,465 25.7 17.9-25.2 279 23.9
24.1-27.4 1,628 34.5 20.3-27.9 222 29.3
32.6-36.4 24.4-34.7
808 17.1 330 36.0
15.6-18.7 1,061 20.0 31.5-40.7 319 34.7
18.5-21.6 30.3-39.5
N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable and thus are not available because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
47
Data Tables
48
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate
Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance
Less than 5 Fruits & Vegetables N=7,545
n
%
95% CI
5,629 75.0 73.4-76.4
Binge Drinking N=7,514
n%
95% CI
665 12.5 11.3-13.8
No Health Insurance N=5,493
n
%
95% CI
905 19.5 17.9-21.2
Mammorgaphy N=3,608
n%
95% CI
2,822 76.0 74.0-77.9
n 2,491
Pap Test N=2,897
% 95% CI
86.0 84.1-87.8
HIV/AIDS Testing N=5,181
n % 95% CI
2,175 48.5 46.6-50.5
2,083 78.9 76.4-81.2 385 18.2 16.0-20.5 315 21.0 18.3-23.9
760 47.3 44.2-50.5
3,546 71.2 69.4-72.9 280 7.1
6.1-8.2 590 18.0 16.3-19.8 2,822 76.0 74.0-77.9 2,491 86.0 84.1-87.8 1,415 49.7 47.5-51.9
4,213 1,024
130 185
175 616 914 1,144 1,217 1,514
75.2 74.8
NA 71.0
71.9 76.5 74.8 75.2 76.6 72.9
73.7-76.7 71.2-78.1
NA 63.2-77.7
522 13.8 95 9.3 22 NA 21 10.1
64.0-78.6 72.2-80.3 71.5-77.9 72.3-77.8 73.9-79.0 70.4-75.3
46 18.6 135 18.2 180 16.1 150 9.6 103 6.7
46 3.3
12.4-15.2 7.1-12.0 NA 5.7-17.3
12.9-25.9 14.9-21.9 13.5-19.1
7.9-11.5 5.3-8.4 2.0-5.3
527 14.1 275 28.2
40 NA 54 19.8
. 81 35.6 183 26.8 197 16.6 237 14.3 207 12.2
12.6-15.7 24.4-32.2
NA 13.9-27.4
28.1-43.8 22.6-31.5 14.0-19.6 12.4-16.6 10.4-14.3
2,188 471 41 88
75.7 76.4
NA NA
.
269 66.6 1,511 78.8 1,042 79.0
73.6-77.7 1,829 87.4 71.6-80.7 498 85.3
NA 51 NA NA 85 NA
85.5-89.1 80.5-89.1
NA NA
1,367 614 58 113
41.1 62.3
NA 53.0
39.0-43.1 58.2-66.3
NA 43.8-62.1
61.0-71.7 76.4-81.1 75.6-82.1
98 NA 405 91.4 565 88.6 543 85.6 435 88.9 422 76.3
NA 87.4-94.1 85.2-91.3 81.5-88.9 84.9-92.0 71.7-80.3
97 36.1 28.7-44.3 495 64.9 60.5-69.1 670 58.4 54.8-61.9 552 38.8 35.6-42.1 361 24.0 21.4-26.7
609 80.6 75.4-84.8
46 9.6
6.7-13.7 182 44.5 37.9-51.3
799 77.5 73.4-81.2
63 9.6
6.8-13.3 260 44.3 39.0-49.7
593 77.1 71.8-81.6
65 11.4
8.2-15.7 122 31.2 25.2-37.8
776 75.0 70.5-79.0
99 11.5
8.7-15.0 100 16.7 12.7-21.5
787 75.9 72.2-79.1
91 13.0 10.0-16.7
71 11.2
7.8-15.9
1,282 70.1 67.1-73.0 258 17.3 14.8-20.0
55 5.0
3.5-7.2
328 71.4 391 68.3 272 69.9 386 80.1 364 79.4 615 81.3
65.2-76.9 61.7-74.3 62.7-76.3 75.1-84.2 74.0-83.9 77.4-84.7
194 75.6 287 75.2 253 88.3 366 89.6 382 88.3 682 91.7
67.1-82.5 67.9-81.4 82.8-92.2 84.5-93.2 83.2-92.0 87.9-94.3
206 53.7 46.9-60.4 280 51.6 46.0-57.1 211 51.5 44.5-58.4 298 49.6 44.1-55.1 366 48.7 44.1-53.4 661 47.4 44.1-50.7
713 83.8 79.6-87.3
51 12.5
1,717 80.7 78.0-83.1 150 10.5
1,401 73.8 70.7-76.7 188 13.2
1,779 69.2 66.6-71.7 276 13.6
8.8-17.6 8.3-13.2 11.0-15.7 11.7-15.7
157 41.3 339 27.0 225 20.3 181 9.3
34.6-48.2 23.6-30.7 17.0-23.9
7.5-11.5
311 65.9 883 74.8 747 76.5 874 79.9
58.8-72.4 168 71.7 71.1-78.3 628 78.5 72.8-79.9 665 88.2 76.6-82.9 1,022 91.7
63.1-78.9 73.6-82.7 85.0-90.8 89.0-93.9
141 41.7 34.8-49.0 509 43.5 39.6-47.5 623 52.8 49.0-56.6 897 50.1 47.1-53.1
3,351 75.1 73.2-76.8 487 13.0 11.6-14.6 700 76.2 71.3-80.5 126 17.9 14.3-22.1
1,586 78.5 189 53.7
76.0-80.9 1,762 90.8 88.8-92.5 1,780 47.7 45.6-49.8 47.0-60.4 280 70.8 64.0-76.8 390 52.2 47.1-57.2
N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable and thus are not available because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width.
Data Tables
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate
Influenza Vaccination N=2,114
n
%
95% CI
1,456 67.6 64.9-70.1
Pneumonia Vaccination N=2,046
n%
95% CI
1,331 63.6 60.9-66.3
490 67.7 63.4-71.7 427 61.7 57.2-66.0 966 67.5 64.0-70.7 904 64.9 61.4-68.3
1,249 137 16 22
72.5 51.2
NA NA
69.9-74.8 1,151 43.8-58.5 118
NA 14 NA 20
68.8 45.7
NA NA
66.2-71.3 38.4-53.2
NA NA
1,456 67.6 64.9-70.1 1,331 63.6 60.9-66.3
188 64.4 57.3-70.9 180 58.4 50.3-65.9 241 58.5 50.9-65.6 229 59.5 51.8-66.7 184 68.8 61.6-75.2 164 65.1 57.6-71.9 183 65.8 58.3-72.7 171 60.5 52.8-67.8 147 73.8 65.8-80.5 121 63.1 54.6-70.8 175 78.8 72.3-84.0 147 67.6 60.2-74.2
265 60.5 53.3-67.2 243 57.0 49.8-63.9 447 63.2 58.4-67.7 405 61.6 56.8-66.3 351 70.1 65.0-74.7 323 66.7 61.5-71.5 387 75.8 71.3-79.8 356 68.4 63.3-73.1
N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable and thus are not available because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
49
Methods
50
Georgia has been conducting the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 1984. In 2007, approximately 642 Georgia non-institutional residents age 18 and older were interviewed each month by telephone about health conditions, behaviors, and the use of preventive services. The total sample size was 7,703. The average monthly cooperation rate for 2007 was 73%. The cooperation rate is the proportion of all respondents interviewed of all eligible units in which a respondent was selected and actually contacted. Non-contacts are excluded from the denominator.
The 2007 BRFSS used a Disproportionate Stratified Sample (DSS) design. Telephone numbers were classified into two strata based on the presumed density of residential telephone numbers. Telephone numbers in the high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than numbers in the low-density strata. The sample was further stratified to yield approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of the 18 health districts in Georgia (see page 1).
The 2007 BRFSS questionnaire covered a range of topics on health behaviors and conditions. This report contains selected chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, asthma, coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke and disability, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. The risk behaviors included are cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, consuming less than five servings of fruits and vegetables daily, binge drinking, and having no health insurance. Preventive practices included on the survey are mammography, pap test, HIV/AIDS testing and influenza and pneumonia vaccination.
Participation in the survey was random, anonymous, and confidential. Respondents were randomly selected from among the adult members of residential households in Georgia. Trained interviewers administered the questionnaire, and data were entered during the interview via computer using CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) software. Households without telephones and households that use cellular telephones only are not represented in the sampling frame.
At the end of the year, data from the monthly surveys were compiled and weighted to represent the age-, race/ethnicity-, and sex-distribution of the adult population in Georgia and to compensate for an individual's probability of selection. Weighting also adjusts for non-response to the extent that non-responders are similar to responders. Estimates for the health districts were weighted to the age-, race-, and sex-specific population of the district.
Analysis for this report was performed using statistical software that accounts for the complex survey sample design, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all estimates. Significant differences among demographic groups were identified by comparing confidence interval overlap.
In addition to the 2007 state-wide estimates for Georgia, this report also contains district estimates. BRFSS data from 2000 to 2003 and 2004 to 2007 were aggregated to increase the sample size and reduce the statistical variability of demographic estimates. This approach facilitates review of BRFSS data over time.
Sample & Population Demographic Distribution Table, 2007 Georgia BRFSS
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Level of Education < HS HS Grad/GED Some College College Grad Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000+ Health Care Coverage Health Coverage No Health Coverage
N
Sample %
7,703
Population
Weighted %
6,927,458
2,680
34.8
3,388,397
48.9
5,023
65.2
3,539,061
51.1
5,748
75.7
4,166,496
60.7
1,406
18.5
1,870,442
27.3
165
2.2
324,014
4.7
272
3.6
498,782
7.3
253
3.3
536,556
7.8
818
10.7
1,356,467
19.7
1,253
16.4
1,893,413
27.5
1,566
20.5
1,267,117
18.4
1,620
21.2
897,351
13.0
2,121
27.8
925,858
13.5
892
11.6
691,340
10.0
2,183
28.4
1,853,658
26.9
1,951
25.4
1,779,617
25.8
2,650
34.5
2,577,189
37.3
776
11.7
500,260
8.2
1,062
16
874,408
14.3
769
11.6
693,546
11.3
1,033
15.6
917,237
15.0
1,103
16.7
1,051,267
17.2
1,878
28.4
2,074,859
33.9
4,588
83.5
4,775,115
80.5
905
16.5
1,154,627
19.5
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
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Definitions
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Chronic Conditions
Obesity: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30.0. BMI is measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Diabetes: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes.
Asthma: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have asthma and still have asthma.
Coronary Heart Disease: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have angina or coronary heart disease.
Heart Attack: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have had a heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction.
Stroke: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have had a stroke.
Disability: Adults who have activity limitation because of physical, mental, or emotional problems or who require the use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone.
High Blood Pressure: Adults who have ever had their blood pressure tested and told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have high blood pressure.
High Cholesterol: Adults who have ever had their cholesterol level tested and told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have high cholesterol.
Risk Behaviors
Cigarette Smoking: Adults who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who are current smokers.
Physical Inactivity: Adults who did not participate in any physical activities or exercise during leisure time in the past 30 days.
Consuming Less Than Five Servings of Fruits and Vegetables Daily: Adults who consume less than five servings of fruit and vegetables daily.
Binge Drinking: Men who consume five or more drinks on an occasion and women who consume four or more drinks on an occasion.
Preventive Practices
Mammography: Adult women, age 40 and older, who had a mammogram within the past two years.
Pap Test: Adult women, who have not had a hysterectomy, who had a Pap smear within the past three years.
HIV/AIDS Testing: Adults, age 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV.
Influenza Vaccination: Adults, age 65 and older, who have had a flu shot within the past 12 months.
Pneumonia Vaccination: Adults, age 65 and older, who have ever had a pneumonia vaccination.
Demographics
Race/Ethnicity: Race/ethnicity is based on responses to questions about race and Hispanic origin. Hispanics may be of any race; White, Black and Other exclude persons who reported they were Hispanic. Other includes multiracial and all race categories other than Black or White or Hispanic ethnicity.
Income: Self-reported annual household income from all sources.
Education: Highest grade or year of school completed.
No Health Insurance: Adults who have no health insurance.
2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
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