2007Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report 2 Acknowledgments Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health Health Information, Policy, Strategy, and Accountability Office of Epidemiology, Evaluation and Health Information Epidemiology Section Healthy Behaviors Epidemiology Unit Georgia BRFSS Program B.J. Walker, Commissioner S. Elizabeth Ford, M.D., Acting Director Martha N. Okafor, Ph.D., Deputy Director Dafna Kanny, Ph.D., Senior Director John Horan, M.D., M.P.H., Director Manxia Wu, M.D., M.P.H., Manager Leah Bryan, M.P.H., Coordinator Aimee Pragle, M.S., Epidemiologist The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is supported in part through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement U58/CCU422885. Without the cooperation and participation of the Georgia residents who completed the telephone survey, the BRFSS would not be possible. Cover photos courtesy of Georgia Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism. Graphic Design : Jimmy Clanton, Jr. Suggested Citation: Bryan L, Pragle A, 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology Section, March 2009. Publication number DPH09.350. Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................4 Chronic Conditions Obesity..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Diabetes................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Asthma..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Coronary Heart Disease........................................................................................................................................................... 12 Heart Attack.............................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Stroke....................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Disability................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 High Blood Pressure................................................................................................................................................................ 20 High Cholesterol....................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Risk Behaviors Cigarette Smoking.................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Physical Inactivity..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Consuming of Less than Five Servings of Fruits and Vegetables Daily................................................................................... 28 Binge Drinking.......................................................................................................................................................................... 30 No Health Insurance................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Preventive Practices Mammography......................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Pap Test................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 HIV/AIDS Testing...................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Influenza Vaccination............................................................................................................................................................... 40 Pneumonia Vaccination............................................................................................................................................................ 42 Healthy People 2010 Table................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Data Tables........................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Definitions............................................................................................................................................................................................. 52 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report 3 4 Introduction The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on the major health risk behaviors and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians. This report presents BRFSS data for Georgia and for the 18 public health districts overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, annual household income, level of education and health insurance status. For the state, all estimates are based on the 2007 BRFSS survey. For the 18 health districts, survey data from 2000 through 2003 and 2004 through 2007 have been aggregated to increase the sample size and improve the accuracy and precision of the estimates. For each of the risk factors in this report national Healthy People 2010 objectives have been identified. These objectives represent targets to be reached by the year 2010 and support the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 to increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate disparities. If reliable estimates could not be produced for a demographic group, a bar for that group is not shown in the following bar charts. Georgia Public Health Districts District 1-1, Northwest (Rome) District 1-2, North Georgia (Dalton) District 2, North (Gainsville) District 3-1, Cobb/Douglas District 3-2, Fulton District 3-3, Clayton (Marrow) District 3-4, East Metro (Lawrenceville) District 3-5, DeKalb District 4, LaGrange District 5-1, South Central (Dublin) District 5-2, North Central (Macon) District 6, East Central (Augusta) District 7, West Central (Columbus) District 8-1, South (Valdosta) District 8-2, Southwest (Albany) District 9-1, Coastal (Savannah/Brunswick) District 9-2, Southeast (Waycross) District 10, Northeast (Athens) Counties Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Paulding, Polk, Walker Cherokee, Fannin, Gilmer, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield Banks, Dawson, Forsyth, Franklin, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Lumpkin, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, White Cobb, Douglas Fulton Clayton Gwinnett, Newton, Rockdale DeKalb Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Bleckley, Dodge, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Pulaski, Telfair, Treutlen, Wheeler, Wilcox Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Hancock, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Monroe, Peach, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson Burke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes Chattahoochee, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Harris, Macon, Muscogee, Marion, Quitman, Randolph, Schely, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Webster Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Tift, Turner Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Decatur, Early, Grady, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Worth Chatham, Effingham, Bryan, Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Brantley, Bulloch, Candler, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Evans, Jeff Davis, Pierce, Tattnall, Toombs, Ware, Wayne Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Georgia County Health Departments JunGee2or0g0ia6 Public Health Districts 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report 5 6 Chronic Conditions Obesity The prevalence of obesity (BMI30) continues to be a health concern for adults in Georgia. Obesity increases the risk for Type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gall bladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. Obesity is also associated with high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure. The risk of these conditions can be reduced by weight loss. Recommendations for weight loss and weight maintenance include reducing calories and increasing physical activity. Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI1) of 30.0 or more. Overweight is defined as BMI greater or equal to 25 and less than 30. 1BMI= weight in kg/(height in meters)2 Obese Adults, Georgia 2007: 28.7% U.S. 2007: 26.3% Healthy People 2010 Objective: <15% In 2007, more than 1.9 million adult Georgians, more than one in four, were obese. Significantly more Black adults were obese than White adults. Obesity was significantly more common among adults whose annual income was less than $15,000 than among adults whose annual income was equal or greater than $35,000. Obesity was significantly more common among adults with some college education or less than among adults with a college degree. Percent Percent 50 40 30 20 10 12.9 0 18-24 yr Percent of Obese Adults, by Age, Georgia 2007 27.3 25-34 yr 32.2 35-44 yr Age 32.4 45-54 yr 33.7 55-64 yr 23.4 65+ yr Percent of Obese Adults, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007 50 40 30 20 10 41.3 35.6 33.8 29.1 29.0 23.4 0 Less than $15,000 15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent Percent Percent of Obese Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2007 50 40 30 20 10 26.0 0 WhiteNH 35.5 23.3 BlackNH Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 28.6 Other Percent of Obese Adults, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007 50 40 30 20 10 35.0 0 70% In 2007, more than 150,000 women of Georgia women, aged 40+ years, have had a mammogram in the last two years. More women who had some college education or college graduates had mammograms than women with less than a high school education. Significantly more women with health insurance had mammograms than women without health insurance. Percent Percent of Women, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 71.4 68.3 69.9 80.1 79.4 81.3 0 Less than $15,000 15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent Percent of Women, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2007 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 78.5 0 Health Coverage 53.7 No Health Coverage Health Insurance Status Percent 34 Percent of Women, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 65.9 0 90% In 2007, an estimated 1.9 million Georgia women have had a pap test in the last three years. More women whose annual household income is $75,000 or more have had a pap test in the past three years than women at any other income level. More women who were college graduates had a pap test than women with any other level of education. Significantly more women with health insurance had a pap test than women without health insurance. . Percent Percent Pap Test Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test, within past 3 years, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2007 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 75.6 75.2 88.3 89.6 88.3 91.7 0 Less than $15,000 15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test, within past 3 years, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2007 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 90.8 0 Health Coverage 70.8 No Health Coverage Health Insurance Status Percent 36 Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test, within past 3 years, by Level of Education, Georgia 2007 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 71.7 0 90% In 2007, more than 600,000 adult Georgians, aged 65+ years, had an influenza vaccination. Significantly more White adults aged 65+ received a flu shot than Black adults. More adults aged 65+ who were college graduates received a flu shot than adults with a high school education or less than a high school education. Percent Percent Influenza Vaccination Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination, by Sex, Georgia 2007 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 67.7 67.5 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination by Level of Education, Georgia 2007 1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 60.5 0 90% In 2007, more than 560,000 adult Georgians, aged 65+ years, have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. Significantly more White adults aged 65+ received a pneumonia vaccination than Black adults aged 65+. Percent Percent Pneumonia Vaccination Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had a Pneumonia Vaccination, by Sex, Georgia 2007 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 61.7 64.9 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, age 65+, who have had a Pneumonia Vaccination by Level of Education, Georgia 2007 1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 57.0 0 18 years 24% 26% 25% 27% 28% 29% 15% 7% 8% 7% 8% 9% 10% 2.5% Limitation in Activities Due to Arthritis (Objective #2.2) Adults with Doctor-diagnosed Arthritis, Ages >18 yrs (definition for arthritis surveillance before change in 2002) Health-related Behaviors 41% 41% 43% 33% (< 21%) No Leisure Time Physical Activity (Objective # 22.1) Ages >18 years 26% 25% 26% 27% 25% 25% 20% Regular Moderate Physical Activity, 42% 42% 48% 50% 5 or more days/week for 30 or more (> 30%) minutes or Vigorous Physical Activity, 3 or more days per week for 20 minutes or more per day (Objective # 22.2) Ages 18 years Regular, Vigorous Physical Activity, 3 25% 24% 28% 30% or more days per week for 20 or more minutes (Objective #22.3) Ages >18 years Cigarette Smoking (Objective # 23% 23% 20% 22% 20% 19% 12% 27.1a) Ages 18 years Binge Drinking, During Past Month 13% 13% 12% 12% 12% 13% 6% (Objective # 26.11c) Ages 18 years 1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000. 2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact definition of the objective. Data were not collected in that year. ( ) Original target prior to 2005 Midcourse Review Met Year 2010 target. Healthy People 2010 Objectives (cont'd) Georgia 2002 Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year 2010 Target Screening/Vaccinations Pap Smear, Ever Had (Objective 96% 97% 95% 95% 94% 95% 97% #3.11a) Women without a hysterectomy, Ages >18 years Pap Smear, Within Past Three Years (Objective #3.11b) Women without a hysterectomy, Ages >18 years Mammogram, Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.13) Women, Ages >40 years 87% 88% 76% 76% 85% 75% 87% 75% 87% 79% 86% 76% 90% 70% Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) 30% Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.12a) Ages >50 years Sigmoidoscopy, Ever Had (Objective #3.12b) Ages >50 years Cholesterol Screening, Within Past Five Years (Objective #12.15) Ages >18 years 26% 27% 27% 33% (> 50%) 54% 62% 57% 50% 75% 74% 80% 80% Influenza Vaccination, Within Past Year (Objective # 14.29a) Ages 65 years 59% 67% 64% 61% 65% 68% 90% Pneumococcal Vaccination, Ever 57% 61% 59% 63% 63% 64% 90% Had (Objective # 14.29b) Ages 65 years Access to Health Care Health Insurance (Objective # 84% 84% 83% 83% 84% 83% 100% 1.1) Ages 18 years Specific Source of Ongoing 77% 77% 79% 79% 80% 79% 96% Primary Care (Objective #1.4c) Ages 18 years 1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC:U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000. 2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact definition of the objective. Data were not collected in that year. ( ) Original target prior to 2005 Midcourse Review Met Year 2010 target. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health Publication No. 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report 45 Data Tables 46 Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance Obesity (BMI 30) N=7,344 n % 95% CI 2,118 28.7 27.2-30.2 n 1,072 Diabetes N=7,700 % 95% CI 10.1 9.3-11.0 Asthma N=7,638 Coronary Heart Disease N=7,610 Heart Attack N=7,658 n% 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI 675 7.6 6.9-8.4 507 4.1 3.6-4.6 476 4.3 3.8-4.9 762 28.7 26.3-31.2 404 9.8 1,356 28.7 27.0-30.5 668 10.4 8.6-11.3 9.4-11.5 141 4.4 534 10.7 3.5-5.4 215 4.6 9.6-11.9 292 3.5 3.9-5.6 243 5.7 3.0-4.0 233 3.1 4.8-6.7 2.6-3.6 1,443 26.0 24.5-27.5 749 9.3 8.5-10.1 515 35.5 32.0-39.2 239 12.5 10.5-14.9 42 23.3 15.6-33.2 23 8.2 4.8-13.8 87 28.6 21.9-36.5 37 9.0 5.8-13.7 40 12.9 8.6-18.9 34 3.5 2.2-5.4 220 27.3 23.4-31.6 380 32.2 28.9-35.7 62 5.1 3.8-6.9 486 32.4 29.5-35.5 188 11.4 9.6-13.5 501 33.7 30.8-36.7 305 19.1 16.8-21.6 482 23.4 21.2-25.7 476 23.8 21.6-26.2 490 8.2 129 6.9 9 3.2 33 7.7 . 18 5.7 74 8.0 110 7.3 150 8.2 152 8.2 166 7.5 7.3-9.2 413 4.8 5.5-8.6 61 2.8 1.4-7.2 6 1.8 5.1-11.4 17 4.0 4.2-5.4 381 4.8 1.9-4.0 51 3.0 0.7-4.7 13 3.7 2.0-7.8 18 5.6 4.2-5.4 2.1-4.3 1.9-7.1 3.1-9.7 3.3-9.5 6.2-10.3 5.9-9.1 6.8-9.9 6.7-9.9 6.2-8.9 3 0.6 2 0.6 17 1.3 61 3.8 135 7.8 286 13.8 0.2-1.8 0.1-2.6 0.7-2.4 2.8-5.0 6.3-9.6 12.1-15.8 2 0.8 7 1.0 18 1.5 58 4.2 113 7.6 276 14.3 0.2-4.0 0.5-2.2 0.8-2.8 3.1-5.6 5.9-9.8 12.5-16.4 283 41.3 36.0-46.8 180 18.8 15.4-22.7 334 35.6 31.2-40.1 202 17.1 14.1-20.6 239 33.8 28.7-39.4 124 13.2 10.0-17.4 291 29.1 25.1-33.4 132 7.1 5.7-8.8 300 29.0 25.3-32.9 111 8.3 6.5-10.6 426 23.4 20.8-26.1 142 5.5 4.5-6.7 128 15.6 116 10.6 56 7.0 67 5.0 83 5.9 130 6.7 12.2-19.7 102 9.1 8.4-13.3 87 6.6 4.9-10.0 60 4.5 3.7-6.7 60 3.0 4.4-7.7 43 2.7 5.4-8.2 78 2.7 6.9-11.9 4.7-9.2 3.1-6.4 2.2-4.1 1.8-3.9 2.0-3.5 104 12.0 94 8.8 49 3.7 60 3.3 39 2.9 43 1.7 9.0-15.8 6.6-11.5 2.5-5.3 2.4-4.4 1.9-4.4 1.2-2.6 290 35.0 30.1-40.2 220 19.7 16.5-23.4 659 32.2 29.2-35.2 383 12.7 11.0-14.6 557 30.7 27.7-33.9 230 8.8 7.3-10.6 610 23.3 21.1-25.7 238 6.8 5.7-8.0 110 12.7 191 7.0 176 7.8 197 6.6 9.7-16.6 106 8.7 5.9-8.4 151 4.3 6.5-9.5 132 3.8 5.5-7.8 117 2.9 6.5-11.7 3.4-5.4 3.0-4.7 2.3-3.7 120 11.7 152 4.8 107 3.5 96 2.6 9.1-14.8 3.8-6.1 2.7-4.5 2.0-3.5 1,335 29.0 27.2-30.9 490 8.1 289 32.2 27.9-36.9 96 8.1 7.2-9.1 6.0-10.9 402 7.4 98 8.4 6.5-8.4 184 2.6 6.5-10.7 34 2.4 2.1-3.2 158 2.7 1.5-3.8 40 3.4 2.2-3.4 2.3-5.0 N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable and thus are not available because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. Data Tables Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance Stroke N=7,687 Disability N=7,585 High Blood Pressure N=7,692 High Cholesterol N=6,712 Cigarette Smoking N=7,674 Physical Inactivity N=7,694 n % 95% CI n% 95% CI n % 95% CI n% 95% CI n% 95% CI n% 95% CI 349 3.3 2.8-3.8 2,096 21.8 20.5-23.1 3,095 30.4 29.0-31.8 3,024 37.4 35.8-39.0 1,366 19.4 18.1-20.7 2,168 24.7 23.3-26.2 120 3.3 229 3.3 . 242 2.7 69 4.5 9 3.3 17 2.7 2.5-4.3 697 20.9 2.7-3.9 1,399 22.7 18.8-23.1 1,096 30.2 21.2-24.2 1,999 30.5 27.9-32.6 1,103 38.6 28.9-32.2 1,921 36.3 35.9-41.3 34.5-38.2 527 21.2 839 17.6 19.1-23.6 670 22.0 16.1-19.1 1,498 27.3 19.8-24.4 25.7-29.1 2.3-3.2 1,584 22.2 3.2-6.4 357 21.9 1.5-7.3 38 19.2 1.5-4.6 75 18.2 20.8-23.6 2,268 29.7 19.1-25.0 638 34.9 12.0-29.2 48 17.7 13.3-24.5 86 26.2 28.3-31.2 31.6-38.4 12.2-25.1 19.9-33.7 2,370 474 53 77 40.4 32.9 NA 30.4 38.7-42.1 1,008 19.1 29.4-36.7 249 19.6 NA 28 15.0 22.9-39.1 60 22.9 17.7-20.5 16.7-22.8 9.2-23.5 16.7-30.6 1,513 22.1 484 31.5 51 18.9 75 24.5 20.7-23.5 28.1-35.1 13.0-26.6 18.3-32.0 4 1.9 0.5-6.6 28 9.1 5.8-14.0 16 6.0 3.2-11.0 15 12.2 6.4-22.0 65 23.4 17.4-30.6 43 16.7 11.6-23.5 8 1.2 0.4-3.5 100 14.2 10.9-18.2 100 13.2 10.3-16.7 113 21.3 17.3-25.9 165 22.0 18.4-26.0 161 20.7 16.9-25.0 19 1.5 0.8-2.7 208 15.4 13.0-18.0 240 19.8 17.1-22.8 269 24.7 21.5-28.1 237 18.8 16.2-21.8 280 21.4 18.7-24.4 47 3.2 2.3-4.6 406 26.4 23.7-29.4 550 34.7 31.7-37.7 628 44.5 41.2-47.8 367 23.3 20.7-26.1 410 26.2 23.5-29.1 79 5.5 4.2-7.2 535 31.6 28.9-34.5 842 53.5 50.4-56.5 829 56.0 52.9-59.1 308 18.0 15.8-20.5 494 28.6 26.0-31.4 189 8.6 7.3-10.2 803 38.0 35.5-40.7 1,317 62.5 59.9-65.1 1,148 57.6 54.8-60.3 206 9.9 8.3-11.7 758 35.2 32.7-37.8 90 10.1 79 6.6 36 3.6 42 2.7 24 1.4 24 1.1 7.6-13.4 4.8-9.1 1.8-7.0 1.9-3.8 0.8-2.3 0.6-1.8 433 50.0 406 35.2 207 19.9 243 20.7 191 14.1 273 12.5 44.6-55.5 31.1-39.5 16.3-24.1 17.4-24.5 11.5-17.2 10.6-14.6 446 48.8 527 42.1 337 32.2 418 28.7 360 26.5 535 22.4 43.5-54.2 37.7-46.6 27.4-37.3 25.2-32.5 23.3-30.0 20.2-24.9 364 51.0 435 43.4 299 39.5 426 39.8 402 35.0 648 32.0 44.9-57.1 38.8-48.2 33.6-45.8 35.2-44.6 31.2-39.0 29.3-34.9 219 32.2 274 30.3 159 25.5 202 22.5 163 16.6 185 10.2 27.4-37.4 26.2-34.7 20.8-31.0 18.7-26.9 13.7-19.9 8.4-12.4 405 51.5 437 39.1 226 29.3 261 21.1 229 20.6 250 12.7 46.1-56.9 34.9-43.6 24.3-34.9 17.9-24.6 17.2-24.5 10.6-15.0 91 8.0 6.0-10.5 400 40.7 35.7-46.0 513 46.2 41.2-51.2 412 47.6 42.1-53.3 243 35.1 30.3-40.3 459 44.8 39.8-49.9 115 4.0 3.0-5.3 639 22.8 20.4-25.3 1,004 34.5 31.7-37.3 891 39.7 36.5-42.9 491 25.0 22.4-27.9 765 31.9 29.0-34.9 81 3.1 2.1-4.4 538 23.3 20.8-26.1 755 29.4 26.7-32.2 744 37.4 34.1-40.7 382 23.3 20.4-26.5 522 24.8 22.1-27.8 61 1.6 1.2-2.3 513 15.0 13.2-16.9 814 24.0 21.9-26.2 969 34.1 31.7-36.7 244 8.3 7.0-9.9 413 14.2 12.4-16.3 126 2.2 31 3.4 1.7-2.8 1,033 18.8 2.0-5.8 239 21.3 17.3-20.4 1,465 25.7 17.9-25.2 279 23.9 24.1-27.4 1,628 34.5 20.3-27.9 222 29.3 32.6-36.4 24.4-34.7 808 17.1 330 36.0 15.6-18.7 1,061 20.0 31.5-40.7 319 34.7 18.5-21.6 30.3-39.5 N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable and thus are not available because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report 47 Data Tables 48 Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance Less than 5 Fruits & Vegetables N=7,545 n % 95% CI 5,629 75.0 73.4-76.4 Binge Drinking N=7,514 n% 95% CI 665 12.5 11.3-13.8 No Health Insurance N=5,493 n % 95% CI 905 19.5 17.9-21.2 Mammorgaphy N=3,608 n% 95% CI 2,822 76.0 74.0-77.9 n 2,491 Pap Test N=2,897 % 95% CI 86.0 84.1-87.8 HIV/AIDS Testing N=5,181 n % 95% CI 2,175 48.5 46.6-50.5 2,083 78.9 76.4-81.2 385 18.2 16.0-20.5 315 21.0 18.3-23.9 760 47.3 44.2-50.5 3,546 71.2 69.4-72.9 280 7.1 6.1-8.2 590 18.0 16.3-19.8 2,822 76.0 74.0-77.9 2,491 86.0 84.1-87.8 1,415 49.7 47.5-51.9 4,213 1,024 130 185 175 616 914 1,144 1,217 1,514 75.2 74.8 NA 71.0 71.9 76.5 74.8 75.2 76.6 72.9 73.7-76.7 71.2-78.1 NA 63.2-77.7 522 13.8 95 9.3 22 NA 21 10.1 64.0-78.6 72.2-80.3 71.5-77.9 72.3-77.8 73.9-79.0 70.4-75.3 46 18.6 135 18.2 180 16.1 150 9.6 103 6.7 46 3.3 12.4-15.2 7.1-12.0 NA 5.7-17.3 12.9-25.9 14.9-21.9 13.5-19.1 7.9-11.5 5.3-8.4 2.0-5.3 527 14.1 275 28.2 40 NA 54 19.8 . 81 35.6 183 26.8 197 16.6 237 14.3 207 12.2 12.6-15.7 24.4-32.2 NA 13.9-27.4 28.1-43.8 22.6-31.5 14.0-19.6 12.4-16.6 10.4-14.3 2,188 471 41 88 75.7 76.4 NA NA . 269 66.6 1,511 78.8 1,042 79.0 73.6-77.7 1,829 87.4 71.6-80.7 498 85.3 NA 51 NA NA 85 NA 85.5-89.1 80.5-89.1 NA NA 1,367 614 58 113 41.1 62.3 NA 53.0 39.0-43.1 58.2-66.3 NA 43.8-62.1 61.0-71.7 76.4-81.1 75.6-82.1 98 NA 405 91.4 565 88.6 543 85.6 435 88.9 422 76.3 NA 87.4-94.1 85.2-91.3 81.5-88.9 84.9-92.0 71.7-80.3 97 36.1 28.7-44.3 495 64.9 60.5-69.1 670 58.4 54.8-61.9 552 38.8 35.6-42.1 361 24.0 21.4-26.7 609 80.6 75.4-84.8 46 9.6 6.7-13.7 182 44.5 37.9-51.3 799 77.5 73.4-81.2 63 9.6 6.8-13.3 260 44.3 39.0-49.7 593 77.1 71.8-81.6 65 11.4 8.2-15.7 122 31.2 25.2-37.8 776 75.0 70.5-79.0 99 11.5 8.7-15.0 100 16.7 12.7-21.5 787 75.9 72.2-79.1 91 13.0 10.0-16.7 71 11.2 7.8-15.9 1,282 70.1 67.1-73.0 258 17.3 14.8-20.0 55 5.0 3.5-7.2 328 71.4 391 68.3 272 69.9 386 80.1 364 79.4 615 81.3 65.2-76.9 61.7-74.3 62.7-76.3 75.1-84.2 74.0-83.9 77.4-84.7 194 75.6 287 75.2 253 88.3 366 89.6 382 88.3 682 91.7 67.1-82.5 67.9-81.4 82.8-92.2 84.5-93.2 83.2-92.0 87.9-94.3 206 53.7 46.9-60.4 280 51.6 46.0-57.1 211 51.5 44.5-58.4 298 49.6 44.1-55.1 366 48.7 44.1-53.4 661 47.4 44.1-50.7 713 83.8 79.6-87.3 51 12.5 1,717 80.7 78.0-83.1 150 10.5 1,401 73.8 70.7-76.7 188 13.2 1,779 69.2 66.6-71.7 276 13.6 8.8-17.6 8.3-13.2 11.0-15.7 11.7-15.7 157 41.3 339 27.0 225 20.3 181 9.3 34.6-48.2 23.6-30.7 17.0-23.9 7.5-11.5 311 65.9 883 74.8 747 76.5 874 79.9 58.8-72.4 168 71.7 71.1-78.3 628 78.5 72.8-79.9 665 88.2 76.6-82.9 1,022 91.7 63.1-78.9 73.6-82.7 85.0-90.8 89.0-93.9 141 41.7 34.8-49.0 509 43.5 39.6-47.5 623 52.8 49.0-56.6 897 50.1 47.1-53.1 3,351 75.1 73.2-76.8 487 13.0 11.6-14.6 700 76.2 71.3-80.5 126 17.9 14.3-22.1 1,586 78.5 189 53.7 76.0-80.9 1,762 90.8 88.8-92.5 1,780 47.7 45.6-49.8 47.0-60.4 280 70.8 64.0-76.8 390 52.2 47.1-57.2 N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable and thus are not available because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. Data Tables Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate Influenza Vaccination N=2,114 n % 95% CI 1,456 67.6 64.9-70.1 Pneumonia Vaccination N=2,046 n% 95% CI 1,331 63.6 60.9-66.3 490 67.7 63.4-71.7 427 61.7 57.2-66.0 966 67.5 64.0-70.7 904 64.9 61.4-68.3 1,249 137 16 22 72.5 51.2 NA NA 69.9-74.8 1,151 43.8-58.5 118 NA 14 NA 20 68.8 45.7 NA NA 66.2-71.3 38.4-53.2 NA NA 1,456 67.6 64.9-70.1 1,331 63.6 60.9-66.3 188 64.4 57.3-70.9 180 58.4 50.3-65.9 241 58.5 50.9-65.6 229 59.5 51.8-66.7 184 68.8 61.6-75.2 164 65.1 57.6-71.9 183 65.8 58.3-72.7 171 60.5 52.8-67.8 147 73.8 65.8-80.5 121 63.1 54.6-70.8 175 78.8 72.3-84.0 147 67.6 60.2-74.2 265 60.5 53.3-67.2 243 57.0 49.8-63.9 447 63.2 58.4-67.7 405 61.6 56.8-66.3 351 70.1 65.0-74.7 323 66.7 61.5-71.5 387 75.8 71.3-79.8 356 68.4 63.3-73.1 N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable and thus are not available because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report 49 Methods 50 Georgia has been conducting the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 1984. In 2007, approximately 642 Georgia non-institutional residents age 18 and older were interviewed each month by telephone about health conditions, behaviors, and the use of preventive services. The total sample size was 7,703. The average monthly cooperation rate for 2007 was 73%. The cooperation rate is the proportion of all respondents interviewed of all eligible units in which a respondent was selected and actually contacted. Non-contacts are excluded from the denominator. The 2007 BRFSS used a Disproportionate Stratified Sample (DSS) design. Telephone numbers were classified into two strata based on the presumed density of residential telephone numbers. Telephone numbers in the high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than numbers in the low-density strata. The sample was further stratified to yield approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of the 18 health districts in Georgia (see page 1). The 2007 BRFSS questionnaire covered a range of topics on health behaviors and conditions. This report contains selected chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, asthma, coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke and disability, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. The risk behaviors included are cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, consuming less than five servings of fruits and vegetables daily, binge drinking, and having no health insurance. Preventive practices included on the survey are mammography, pap test, HIV/AIDS testing and influenza and pneumonia vaccination. Participation in the survey was random, anonymous, and confidential. Respondents were randomly selected from among the adult members of residential households in Georgia. Trained interviewers administered the questionnaire, and data were entered during the interview via computer using CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) software. Households without telephones and households that use cellular telephones only are not represented in the sampling frame. At the end of the year, data from the monthly surveys were compiled and weighted to represent the age-, race/ethnicity-, and sex-distribution of the adult population in Georgia and to compensate for an individual's probability of selection. Weighting also adjusts for non-response to the extent that non-responders are similar to responders. Estimates for the health districts were weighted to the age-, race-, and sex-specific population of the district. Analysis for this report was performed using statistical software that accounts for the complex survey sample design, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all estimates. Significant differences among demographic groups were identified by comparing confidence interval overlap. In addition to the 2007 state-wide estimates for Georgia, this report also contains district estimates. BRFSS data from 2000 to 2003 and 2004 to 2007 were aggregated to increase the sample size and reduce the statistical variability of demographic estimates. This approach facilitates review of BRFSS data over time. Sample & Population Demographic Distribution Table, 2007 Georgia BRFSS Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Level of Education < HS HS Grad/GED Some College College Grad Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000+ Health Care Coverage Health Coverage No Health Coverage N Sample % 7,703 Population Weighted % 6,927,458 2,680 34.8 3,388,397 48.9 5,023 65.2 3,539,061 51.1 5,748 75.7 4,166,496 60.7 1,406 18.5 1,870,442 27.3 165 2.2 324,014 4.7 272 3.6 498,782 7.3 253 3.3 536,556 7.8 818 10.7 1,356,467 19.7 1,253 16.4 1,893,413 27.5 1,566 20.5 1,267,117 18.4 1,620 21.2 897,351 13.0 2,121 27.8 925,858 13.5 892 11.6 691,340 10.0 2,183 28.4 1,853,658 26.9 1,951 25.4 1,779,617 25.8 2,650 34.5 2,577,189 37.3 776 11.7 500,260 8.2 1,062 16 874,408 14.3 769 11.6 693,546 11.3 1,033 15.6 917,237 15.0 1,103 16.7 1,051,267 17.2 1,878 28.4 2,074,859 33.9 4,588 83.5 4,775,115 80.5 905 16.5 1,154,627 19.5 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report 51 Definitions 52 Chronic Conditions Obesity: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30.0. BMI is measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Diabetes: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes. Asthma: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have asthma and still have asthma. Coronary Heart Disease: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have angina or coronary heart disease. Heart Attack: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have had a heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction. Stroke: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have had a stroke. Disability: Adults who have activity limitation because of physical, mental, or emotional problems or who require the use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone. High Blood Pressure: Adults who have ever had their blood pressure tested and told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have high blood pressure. High Cholesterol: Adults who have ever had their cholesterol level tested and told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have high cholesterol. Risk Behaviors Cigarette Smoking: Adults who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who are current smokers. Physical Inactivity: Adults who did not participate in any physical activities or exercise during leisure time in the past 30 days. Consuming Less Than Five Servings of Fruits and Vegetables Daily: Adults who consume less than five servings of fruit and vegetables daily. Binge Drinking: Men who consume five or more drinks on an occasion and women who consume four or more drinks on an occasion. Preventive Practices Mammography: Adult women, age 40 and older, who had a mammogram within the past two years. Pap Test: Adult women, who have not had a hysterectomy, who had a Pap smear within the past three years. HIV/AIDS Testing: Adults, age 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV. Influenza Vaccination: Adults, age 65 and older, who have had a flu shot within the past 12 months. Pneumonia Vaccination: Adults, age 65 and older, who have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. Demographics Race/Ethnicity: Race/ethnicity is based on responses to questions about race and Hispanic origin. Hispanics may be of any race; White, Black and Other exclude persons who reported they were Hispanic. Other includes multiracial and all race categories other than Black or White or Hispanic ethnicity. Income: Self-reported annual household income from all sources. Education: Highest grade or year of school completed. No Health Insurance: Adults who have no health insurance. 2007 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report 53