Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
2001
Report
Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
2001 Report
Table of Contents
Page Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Overweight or Obese 4 High Blood Pressure 6 Diabetes 8 Asthma 10 Cigarette Smoking 12 Physical Activity 14 Binge Drinking 16 Mammography 18 Pap Test 20 Blood Stool Test 22 Sigmodoscopy/Colonoscopy 24 Cholesterol Screening 26 Flu Shot 28 Pneumonia Immunization 30 HIV/AIDS Testing 32 Health Insurance 34 Disability 36 Fair or Poor Health 38 Frequent Mental Distress 40 Data Tables 44 Methods 45 Definitions
Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health Epidemiology Branch Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section
Jim Martin, Commissioner Kathleen E. Toomey, M.D., M.P.H., Director Paul Blake, M.D., M.P.H. Kenneth E. Powell, M.D., M.P.H.
The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is supported in part through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement U58/CCU400591. Without the cooperation and participation of the Georgia residents who complete the telephone survey the BRFSS would not be possible.
Cover photos courtesy of Georgia Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism.
Suggested Citation:
Martin LM, Chowdhury PP, Powell KE, Clanton J. Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001 Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section, March 2003. Publication number DPH03-069HW.
2 | BRFSS 2000
Introduction
Many behaviors are related to health. Healthy behaviors include everyday activities such as eating and walking and use of health services such as vaccinations and periodic screening examinations. Unhealthy behaviors and the lack of preventive medical services increase the risk of some chronic diseases, infections, and injuries. Efforts to reduce death and disability from chronic diseases, infections, and injuries often include efforts to change behaviors and increase the use of preventive medical services.
The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on
the major health risk behaviors and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians. This report presents 2001 BRFSS data for Georgia and for the 19 Public Health Districts.
For 12 of the risk factors in this report national Healthy People 2010 objectives have been identified. These objectives represent targets to be reached by the year 2010 and support the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 to increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities.
Georgia Public Health Districts
District 1-1, Northwest (Rome) District 1-2, North Georgia (Dalton) District 2, North (Gainesville) District 3-1, Cobb/Douglas
District 3-2, Fulton
District 3-3, Clayton (Morrow) District 3-4, East Metro (Lawrenceville) District 3-5, DeKalb
District 4, LaGrange
District 5-1, South Central (Dublin) District 5-2, North Central (Macon) District 6, East Central (Augusta) District 7, West Central (Columbus) District 8-1, South (Valdosta) District 8-2, Southwest (Albany) District 9-1, East (Savannah) District 9-2, Southeast (Waycross) District 9-3, Coastal (Brunswick) District 10, Northeast (Athens)
Counties Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Paulding, Polk, Walker Cherokee, Fannin, Gilmer, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield
Banks, Dawson, Forsyth, Franklin, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Lumpkin, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, White Cobb, Douglas
Fulton
Clayton
Gwinnett, Newton, Rockdale
DeKalb
Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Bleckley, Dodge, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Pulaski, Telfair, Treutlen, Wheeler, Wilcox Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Hancock, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Monroe, Peach, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson Burke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes Chattahoochee, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Harris, Macon, Muscogee, Marion, Quitman, Randolph, Schely, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Webster Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Tift, Turner Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Decatur, Early, Grady, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Worth Chatham, Effingham
Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Brantley, Bulloch, Candler, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Evans, Jeff Davis, Pierce, Tattnall, Toombs, Ware, Wayne Bryan, Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh
Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton
BRFSS 2001 | 1
Overweight or Obese
Overweight or Obese
Overweight is a risk factor for Type II diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, gall bladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. Overweight is also associated with high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure. The risk of these conditions can be reduced by weight loss. Recommendations for weight loss and weight maintenance include reducing calories and increasing physical activity.
Overweight is defined as body mass index (BMI1) of 25.0-29.9; obese is defined as BMI 30.0 or more.
Overweight or Obese Adults, Georgia 2001: 59.4%
Percent
Percent
Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Sex, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
65.3 0
Male
53.6 Female
Sex
Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
56.9 0
White
68.0
56.5
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
50.2 Other
1
BMI=
weight
in
kg/height
in
m2
The prevalence of overweight or obese adults is significantly more common in men than women, more common in blacks than whites, and more common among adults 55-64 than adults 18-44.
Percent
Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by
Income, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
63.3 0
Less than $15,000
61.0
$15,000$24,999
55.5
65.3
$25,000$34,999
$35,000$49,999
Income
58.0
$50,000$74,999
55.4
$75,000 or more
2 | BRFSS 2001
Percent
Percent
Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Age, Georgia 2001
100 80
60
40
20
40.5 0
58.4
61.4
66.4
71.4
56.7
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
58.6
62.9
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Overweight or Obese
Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1- 1
3- 1
3-4
1 0- 0
3-5 3- 2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5-1 7-0
8- 2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, Georgia 1993-2001
100
90
80
70
60
50.8
55.4
53.3
51.9
58.2
54.6
57.6
59.4
59.4
50
40
30
20
10
0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997 Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 3
High Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure increases the risk for heart disease and stroke, but it is easily detected. Lifestyle modification, such as engaging in physical activity, losing weight, and reducing dietary salt intake, may reduce blood pressure to normal, eliminating the need for medication. Adults should have their blood pressure checked at least every 2 years.
Adults, who ever had high blood pressure, Georgia, 2001: 26.9 %
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 16%
The prevalence of adults who ever had high blood pressure increases as age increases and decreases as income increases.
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High
60
Blood Pressure, by Sex, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
25.7 0
28.1
Male
Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
60
50
40
30
20
10
26.3 0
White
30.5
19.5
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
18.0 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Age, Georgia 2001
60
50
40
30
20
10
7.7 0
10.4
19.5
31.7
49.1
54.1
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Income, Georgia 2001
60
50
40
30
20
10
43.0
30.0
28.1
22.8
23.6
17.2
0
Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000
Income
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High
Blood Pressure, by Access to Medical Care,
60
Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
27.1
26.5
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
4 | BRFSS 2001
High Blood Pressure
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6- 0
5- 1 7- 0
8-2
9- 2
8-1
9-1 9- 3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, Georgia 1993-2001
50
40
30 21.4
20
10
0 1993
19.7 1995
21.4
1997
Year
26.3 1999
26.9 2001
BRFSS 2001 | 5
Diabetes
Diabetes
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and was the eighth leading cause of death in Georgia in 2001. Complications of diabetes include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental disease, and susceptibility to infections. Obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most important preventable risk factors for developing diabetes. Risk factors for complications due to diabetes include glucose levels outside of the normal range, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, poor diet and lack of physical activity. Management of diabetes involves controlling blood glucose levels through diet and insulin regulation, monitoring of blood glucose levels, and regular foot and eye exams by health care professionals.
Adults with Diabetes, Georgia 2001: 6.9%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 2.5%
The prevalence of diabetes is significantly more common among older people than younger people, and less common at higher income than lower income.
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Income, Georgia 2001
30 25 20
15 10
5
14.5
8.0
5.2
6.9
5.6
3.8
0
Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000
Income
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Sex, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15
10
5
6.5 0
Male
7.2 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
30
25 20
15 10
5
6.3
0 White
8.7
6.9
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
4.5
Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Age, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15 10
5
1.4
2.9
8.2
16.0
16.2
0
18-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15
10
5
7.0
6.3
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
6 | BRFSS 2001
Diabetes
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1- 2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, Georgia 1993-2001
25
20
15
10
6.8
6.9
5.9
5.6
5
3.7
4.3
3.7
4.1
4.1
0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 7
Asthma
Asthma
Asthma is a disease of the lungs that causes breathing problems or "asthma attacks" and results in more than 9,000 hospitalizations in Georgia each year. The airways of people with asthma tighten abnormally in response to smoke, pollen, dust, air pollution, infection, irritants, allergens, or exercise leading to difficulty in breathing. While asthma is not often fatal, loss of productivity, high medical costs, and disability are common outcomes for asthma sufferers. Smoking, genetic factors, allergies and some medications can be risk factors for developing asthma and asthma symptoms. Asthma can be effectively controlled by recognizing and avoiding asthma triggers, appropriate management of medication, monitoring lung function, and giving patients tools and education about managing their own care.
Adults with Asthma, Georgia 2001: 7.2%
The prevalence of asthma is significantly more common among persons with no access to medical care because of lack of insurance or cost barriers.
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Income, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15
10
5
13.1
8.0
8.9
4.5
4.8
7.3
0
Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Income
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Sex, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15
10
5
6.1 0
Male
8.3 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15
10
5
6.9 0
White
8.5
4.2
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
6.6 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Age, Georgia 2001
30
25 20
15
10
5
8.1
7.2
6.7
6.5
8.5
7.0
0
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Access
30
to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
25
20
15
10
5
6.4
10.7
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
8 | BRFSS 2001
Asthma
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1- 2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, Georgia 2000-2001
25
20
15
10
5
6.2
0
2000
7.2
2001
Year
BRFSS 2001 | 9
Cigarette Smoking
Cigarette Smoking
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Tobacco use accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths and 87% of all lung cancers in Georgia. Smoking is also associated with illness and death related to heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and fire. For those who smoke, quitting is always beneficial. At every age group, smokers who quit live longer than those who continue smoking. Policy changes to prevent the initiation of smoking among youth and to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are also important for reducing the burden of tobacco related death and disease in Georgia.
Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia 2001: 23.7%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 12%
The prevalence of cigarette smoking is significantly less common among those with access to medical care and among adults age 65 and older.
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Sex, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
25.7 0
Male
21.8 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
25.1 0
White
21.0
25.9
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
21.0 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Age, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
30.3
20.7
28.8
28.0
19.7
12.0
0
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Income, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
27.4 0
28.1
25.6
24.7
23.3
17.4
Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Income
10 | BRFSS 2001
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
20.5
36.7
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Cigarette Smoking
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6- 0
5- 1 7- 0
8-2
9- 2
8-1
9-1 9- 3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes,Georgia 1993-2001
30 23.9
25
20
15
10
5
0 1993
22.8 1994
20.5 1995
20.3 1996
22.4
23.6
1997
Year
1998
23.7 1999
23.5 2000
23.7 2001
BRFSS 2001 | 11
Physical Activity
Physical Activity
Physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps maintain healthy body weight, reduces the risk of falls and fractures, helps prevent back pain, reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life. Besides traditional exercise programs, benefits can be achieved through regular moderate-intensity activities like walking, housework, and gardening. Inactive individuals who become more physically active improve their health even if they do not reach the recommended level of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity most, preferably all, days a week.
Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity,
Georgia 2001: 27.3%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 20%
The prevalence of no leisure time physical activity is significantly more common in women than men, blacks than whites, and more common among those with no access to medical care.
Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Income, Georgia 2001
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
46.3
38.0
31.7
25.4
0
21.2
11.1
Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
$15,000
Income
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Sex, Georgia 2001
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
23.5 0
Male
30.7 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 23.6
0 White
34.7
26.8
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
32.7 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Age, Georgia 2001
70 60 50
40 30
20
10
19.2
21.7
23.2
29.8
36.7
37.4
0
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity,
by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
24.6
37.8
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
12 | BRFSS 2001
Physical Activity
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1- 2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity,Georgia 1996-2001
60 51.3
50 40.5
40
30
29.6 25.8
29.0
27.3
20
10
0 1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
2000
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 13
Binge Drinking
Binge Drinking
Binge drinking results in acute impairment and causes a significant fraction of alcohol-related deaths. Adverse health effects range from unintentional injuries, such as motor-vehicle crashes, drownings, and falls, to suicide. Chronic conditions like hypertension, pancreatitis, and poor diabetic control are also related to binge drinking. Binge drinking has high social and economic impact; it promotes homicide, child abuse, rape and domestic violence, and causes loss of productivity. Binge drinking during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome. Effective prevention measures against binge drinking can save lives and prevent development of birth defects.
Adults who Binge Drink, Georgia, 2001: 11.9 %
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 6%
The prevalence of adults who binge drink is significantly more common among males than females and among people who have no access to medical care, and decreases as age increases.
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Income, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
12.7
11.6
12.0
11.6
10.7
14.9
0
Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Income
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Sex, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
18.6 0
Male
5.7 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by
Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
12.1 0
White
10.8
15.9
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
12.0 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Age, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
23.8
15.0
14.9
9.3
5.0
1.5
0
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adults, Age 18+,who Binge Drink, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
40
30 20
10
10.9
15.8
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
14 | BRFSS 2001
Binge Drinking
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1- 2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, Georgia 1993-2001
25
20
15 12.0
12.5
11.9
10.7
9.4 10
5
0 1993
1995
1997
Year
1999
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 15
Mammography
Mammography
Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in Georgia and the second leading cause of cancer death. The number of deaths can be reduced if the disease is diagnosed early. Factors associated with breast cancer are age; personal or family history of breast cancer; biopsy-confirmed atypical hyperplasia; early onset of the menstrual cycle coupled with late onset of menopause; recent use of oral contraceptives or postmenopausal estrogens; never having children or first child born after age 30; and consuming 2 or more drinks of alcohol daily. The American Cancer Society recommends that women ages 40 and older receive annual breast cancer screening, including a clinical breast exam and a mammogram soon afterwards.
Women, age 40+, with Mammogram in the Last Two Years:
Georgia 2001: 79.5%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 70%
The prevalence of mamography is significantly lower among women with incomes less than $15,000 than incomes of $25,000 or more, and among women with no access to medical care.
Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mamography in the Last Two Years, by Income,
Georgia 2001
100 80 60
40
20 66.3
0 Less than $15,000
71.8
$15,000$24,999
81.3
82.6
$25,000$34,999
$35,000$49,999
Income
84.1
$50,000$74,999
84.2 $75,000 or more
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by
Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
78.3 0
White
84.1
81.7
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
66.9 Other
Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mamography in the Last Two Years, by Age,
Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
70.6
82.2
83.9
79.2
0
40-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mamography in the Last Two Years, by Access to
Medical Care, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
81.9
66.1
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
16 | BRFSS 2001
Mammography
Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3-4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5-1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, Georgia 1993-2001
100
80 67.2
60
40
20
0 1993
65.8 1994
71.5 1995
72.7 1996
72.9 70.2
1997
Year
1998
72.4 1999
76.1 2000
79.5 2001
BRFSS 2001 | 17
Pap Test
Pap Test
An estimated 550 cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed and 130 women were expected to die of the disease in Georgia in 2000. The risk of developing cervical cancer is closely linked with sexual practices and sexually transmitted infections with human papillomavirus. Becoming sexually active at a young age, having multiple sex partners, and smoking cigarettes are all risk factors for cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends annual Pap smears for all women who are sexually active or have reached the age of eighteen; after three consecutive normal annual exams, Pap smears may be performed less frequently at the discretion of the physician.
Women who had a Pap Test within Three Years, Georgia 2001: 89.7%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90%
Women with no access to medical care were significantly less likely to have a Pap test. Women with income below $25,000 were less likely than women income of $50,000 or more to have a Pap test.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three
Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
88.3 0
White
94.0
88.9
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
84.7 Other
Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three
Years, by Age, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
89.6 0
18-24
93.9 25-34
91.4 35-44
89.6 45-54
82.0 55-64
80.8 65+
Age
Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three
Years, by Income, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
81.6 0
Less than $15,000
86.0
$15,000$24,999
91.6
92.8
$25,000$34,999
$35,000$49,999
Income
94.3
$50,000$74,999
95.2 $75,000 or more
Percent
Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
91.4
83.4
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
18 | BRFSS 2001
Pap Test
Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1- 1
3- 1
3-4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3- 3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5-1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9- 1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years,
Georgia 1993-2001
100
80
88.6
91.5
89.5
92.5
92.3
86.1
88.0
89.1
89.7
60
40
20
0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 19
Blood Stool Test
Blood Stool Test
An estimated 3,280 new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in 2000, and an estimated 1,260 Georgians died from the disease. Removal of precancerous colorectal polyps and early detection will help to reduce the incidence and deaths from colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer screening is recommended for adults age 50 and older, and an annual home fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. The recommended FOBT detects blood that is not visible in a stool sample and consists of cards prepared at home from three consecutive stool samples which are then forwarded to a clinician for testing.
Adults, age 50+ who had Blood Stool Test Using a Home Kit in the Last Two Years,
Georgia, 2001: 32.4%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 50%
The prevalence of blood stool testing is significantly higher among whites than blacks, and higher among adults with income $75,000 or more compared to adults with income less than $15,000. Adults 65 and older are more likely than adults 50-54 to have had a blood stool test and adults with access to medical care are more likely to have a test.
Percent
Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Income, Georgia 2001
100 80
60 40
20
20.8 0
Less than $15,000
28.7
$15,000$24,999
32.6
36.6
$25,000$34,999
$35,000$49,999
Income
31.0
$50,000$74,999
38.5 $75,000 or more
20 | BRFSS 2001
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Sex, Georgia 2001
100
80 60
40
20
32.2
0
Male
32.5
Female
Sex
Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
100
80 60
40
20
35.4 0
White
23.5
29.8
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
30.5 Other
Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Age, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
26.0
31.5
37.0
0
50-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Access to Medical
Care, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
33.9
21.5
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Blood Stool Test
Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who had Blood Stool Test at Home in Last Two Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3-4
1 0- 0
3-5 3-2
3- 3
4-0 5- 2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5-1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who had Blood Stool Test at Home in Last Two Years, Georgia 1997- 2001
50
45
40
35
32.4
30
27.8
25
21.7
20
15
10
5
0 1997
1999
Year
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 21
Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death among Georgia males and females. The risk for developing colorectal cancer increases with advancing age. Risk factors include inflammatory bowel disease; a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps; physical inactivity; a high fat or low fiber diet; and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables. Early detection of colorectal cancer can save lives. An effective tool for early detection is sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, an examination of the rectum and lower colon using a lighted tube. The American Cancer Society recommends that beginning at age 50 men and women should have sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or colonoscopy every 10 years.
Adults, age 50+ who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy Examination: Georgia, 2001: 48.4%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 50%
The prevalence of sigmoidoscopy/ colonoscopy significantly increases with age and is more common among those who had access to medical care and among those at the highest income compared to lowest income.
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had
70
Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Sex, Georgia
2001
60
50
40
30
20
10
48.9 0
Male
48.0 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Race/Ethnicity,
Georgia 2001
70
60 50
40
30 20
10 51.1
0 White
42.0
41.9
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
35.6 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had
70
Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Age, Georgia
2001
60
50
40
30
20
10
34.3
47.0
0
59.2
50-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent
Percent of adults, Age 50+, who had Colorectal Cancer Screening,
Georgia 2001
70
70
60
60
50
50
Percent
40
40
30
30
20 20
10
39.8
44.8
41.7
51.5
50.8
55.8
10
0
Less than
$15,000-
$25,000-
$35,000-
$50,000- $75,000 or
0
$15,000
$24,999
$34,999
$49,999
$74,999
more
Income
Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Access to
Medical Care, Georgia 2001
50.4
34.3
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
22 | BRFSS 2001
Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy
Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1- 2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, age 50 +, who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, Georgia 1993-2001
60
50
45.8
48.1
47.4
48.4
39.8 40
30
20
10
0 1993
1995
1997
Year
1999
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 23
Cholesterol Screening
Cholesterol Screening
Cholesterol is a waxy or fat-like substance needed for the body to function normally. However, when there is too much cholesterol in the blood it can be deposited in the arterial wall. Cholesterol deposits build up slowly, but over time can cause heart attacks, strokes, and other vascular problems. Lowering blood cholesterol can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other vascular problems. Adults should have their cholesterol level checked at least every five years.
Adults, who Ever had Blood Cholesterol Checked, Georgia 2001: 78.9%
The prevalence of adults who ever had blood cholesterol checked was significantly more common in whites than blacks and more common among those with access to medical care. Adults at the highest income were more likely than other income levels to ever have cholesterol checked. Cholesterol screening prevalence increases as age increases.
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood
100
Cholesterol Checked, by Sex, Georgia 2001
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
77.4
80.3
0
Male
Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood Cholesterol Checked, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia
2001
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 81.7 0 White
75.8
61.9
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
68.3 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood
100
Cholesterol Checked, by Age, Georgia 2001
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
57.0
63.3
82.6
86.9
90.3
94.0
0
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood
Cholesterol Checked, by Income, Georgia 2001
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
72.8
73.5
75.6
78.8
81.5
87.2
0
Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000
Income
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood
Cholesterol Checked, by Access to Medical Care,
Georgia 2001
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 82.0
0
66.7
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
24 | BRFSS 2001
Cholesterol Screening
Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had Blood Cholesterol Checked, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3- 1
3-4
10-0
3- 5 3- 2
3- 3
4- 0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8- 2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever had Blood Cholesterol Checked, Georgia, 1993-2001
100
90
80
70
66.5
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 1993
75.8
77.5
72.4
1995
1997
Year
1999
78.9
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 25
Flu Shot
Flu Shot
Influenza and pneumonia are among the 10 leading causes of death in Georgia. Infection with the influenza virus is often resolved within two weeks, but can lead to serious or life-threatening disease in some people, especially the elderly or people with chronic health problems. Influenza vaccination, or a flu shot, can reduce much of the morbidity and mortality associated with the flu. People who are 65 years or older and people with chronic diseases such as asthma or diabetes should receive an influenza vaccine every fall.
Adults, age 65+, Flu Shot in the Last Year, Georgia 2001: 62.2%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90%
Whites were significantly more likely than blacks to have a flu shot. The prevalence of flu shot increases as income increases and is more common among people who have access to medical care.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Sex, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
66.7 0
Male
59.3 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Race/Ethnicity,
Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
70.0 0
White
34.7
86.8
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
41.3 Other
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Income, Georgia
2001
100
80
60
40
20 45.4
0 Less than $15,000
62.9
$15,000$24,999
67.0
71.6
$25,000$34,999
$35,000$49,999
Income
72.1
$50,000$74,999
79.0 $75,000 or more
26 | BRFSS 2001
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Access to Medical
Care, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
64.1
29.5
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical care
Flu Shot
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3- 1
3-4
10-0
3- 5 3- 2
3- 3
4- 0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8- 2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, Georgia 1997-2001
100
90
80
70
63.1
63.6
62.2
58.5
57.0
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 1997
1998
1999
Year
2000
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 27
Pneumonia Immunization
Pneumonia Immunization
Influenza and pneumonia are among the 10 leading causes of death in Georgia, and pneumococcal disease is responsible for the most vaccinepreventable deaths in the United States. Pneumococcus bacteria can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and infections in the blood (septicemia). Adults older than 65 and people with chronic health problems like diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure are at especially high risk for infection. Penicillin was once an effective treatment for pneumococcal disease, but drug resistant strains of the bacteria have made prevention of infection though immunization vital. The vaccine can be given at any time of the year. Usually one dose is all that is needed.
Adults, age 65+, Pneumonia Immunization, Georgia 2001: 57.9%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90%
The prevalence of pneumonia vaccination is significantly more common among whites than blacks and among people with access to medical care.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Sex, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
57.2 0
Male
58.4 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
65.8 0
White
28.8
77.9
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
56.2 Other
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Income, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
39.7 0
Less than $15,000
58.0
$15,000$24,999
65.5
67.2
$25,000$34,999
$35,000$49,999
Income
61.9
$50,000$74,999
63.1 $75,000 or more
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
100
80
60
40
20
59.4
31.7
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
28 | BRFSS 2001
Pneumonia Immunization
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3- 1
3-4
10-0
3- 5 3- 2
3- 3
4- 0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8- 2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia 1997-2001
100
80
60.2
57.9
60
48.5
50.4
49.7
40
20
0 1997
1998
1999 Year
2000
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 29
HIV Testing
HIV Testing
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and through intravenous drug use. People who become infected with the virus can be asymptomatic for long periods of time during which they can infect sexual and drug injection partners. Following infection with HIV, people develop AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system and leaves patients vulnerable to a wide variety of potentially fatal opportunistic infections. Testing for HIV infection is crucial to determine HIV status so that those infected can stop HIV transmission, begin treatment, and, in the case of pregnant women, reduce the risk of transmission to an unborn baby.
Adults, Ages18-64, Tested for HIV, Georgia 2001: 54.7%
The prevalence of HIV testing is significantly more common among blacks than whites, more common among adults ages 25-34 than any other age group, and more common among people with no access to medical care.
Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Income, Georgia 2001
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
56.3
61.1
0
61.2
56.9
50.8
53.4
Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
$15,000
Income
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Sex, Georgia 2001
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 54.3
0
Male
55.1 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
80 70 60 50
40 30 20 10
49.9 0
White
66.2
64.5
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
48.0 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Age, Georgia 2001
80
70 60
50
40 30
20 10
57.7 0
18-24
72.0 25-34
60.5
35-44 Age
43.2 45-54
27.5 55-64
Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
52.0
64.2
0
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
30 | BRFSS 2001
HIV Testing
Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3-4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5-1 7-0
8- 2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9- 3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, Georgia 1993-2001
70
60
50
40
30
25.6
20
10
0 1993
37.2 1994
36.7 1995
52.2 41.2 33.6
1996
1997
Year
1998
55.4 1999
54.5 2000
54.7 2001
BRFSS 2001 | 31
Health Insurance
Health Insurance
Access to preventative services and health care can prevent or improve the outcomes of many diseases. Insurance coverage is a strong determining factor in whether people will have access to services like screenings, treatment, and health recommendations. Access to quality health care can help eliminate disparities in disease and disease outcomes and can improve the quality and length of life for people living in Georgia. Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by insufficient coverage. People who cannot afford to see a doctor or a health-care professional for either of these reasons are at risk for adverse health outcomes.
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia 2001: 13.8%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 0%
The prevalence of adults with no health insurance is significantly higher among blacks than whites. Adults with household incomes less than $35,000 are less likely than those with higher incomes to have health insurance.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health
60
Insurance, by Sex, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
15.2
12.5
0
Male
Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
60
50
40
30
20
10
10.6 0
White
18.0
34.0
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
22.3 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Income, Georgia 2001
60
50
40
30
20
10
28.6
30.4
19.1
7.0
3.4
2.8
0
Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Income
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Age, Georgia 2001
60
50
40 30
20
10
22.7
18.1
16.1
11.4
11.6
1.2
0
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent
32 | BRFSS 2001
Health Insurance
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1- 2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, Georgia 1993-2001
25
20
15
13.2
12.3
10.2
9.8
10
14.7
14.9
13.6
13.8
12.0
5
0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 33
Disability
Disability
People living with disability may have difficulty performing functional activities or activities of daily living. Disability may require the use of special equipment like cane, crutches, or a walker. They may have a developmental disability. As a potentially underserved group, they may experience lack of access to health services and medical care and may be at increased risk for various conditions.
Adults with Disability, Georgia, 2001: 15.5 %
The prevalence of disability increases with age and decreases as income increases. Adults with a disability are more likely to smoke, be inactive, and be overweight or obese. They are also more likely to have frequent mental distress and fair or poor health.
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with Disability, by Income, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
34.0
19.7
12.9
10.4
11.0
9.6
0
Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
$15,000
Income
34 | BRFSS 2001
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Sex, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
13.8 0
Male
17.1 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
16.4 0
White
14.1
14.2
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
11.8 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Age, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
7.9 0
6.4
11.6
19.5
24.3
28.4
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
40
30
20
10
14.9 0
Yes
18.0 No
Access to Medical Care
Disability
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3-4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3- 3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5-1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Risk Factors for Chronic Disease and Health Status, by Disability Status, Adults 18+, Georgia 2001
100
90
80 70
60
50 40
30
20
10
28.2
22.8
0
Smoking
44.0
24.0
No Leisure Time Physical Activity
Disability
No Disability
9.0
12.4
Binge Drinking
67.4
57.9
Overweight/Obese
52.7
8.9
Fair/Poor Health
22.7
9.5
Mental Distress
BRFSS 2001 | 35
Fair or Poor Health
Fair or Poor Health
According to a 1948 World Health Organization statement, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeingnot merely the absence of disease, or infirmity." Self-perception of health status is useful for identifying health disparities and tracking population trends that questions about specific diseases cannot measure. Individual perceptions of health are useful as outcome measures and predictors to identify vulnerable subgroups within populations. This information can be used to improve the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities.
Adults who Report their Health Status as Fair or Poor,
Georgia 2001: 15.9%
The prevalence of adults with fair or poor health is significantly higher among blacks than whites, more common among older adults than younger adults, more common among adults with lower household income than higher incomes, and more common among those with no access to medical care.
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Income, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
40.9
20.9
16.0
9.5
7.8
5.9
0
Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
Income
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Sex, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
14.9 0
Male
16.8 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
14.3 0
White
20.1
12.0
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
12.1 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Age, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
7.6 0
6.5
10.5
16.8
27.2
34.0
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001
50
40
30
20
10
14.0 0
23.3
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
36 | BRFSS 2001
Fair or Poor Health
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1-2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6- 0
5- 1 7- 0
8-2
9- 2
8-1
9-1 9- 3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, Georgia 1993-2001
25
20
15
13.7
15.0
12.3
15.9
15.9
15.1
15.2
11.4
10
8.9
5
0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
BRFSS 2001 | 37
Frequent Mental Distress
Frequent Mental Distress
Mental health is necessary for successful performance of mental function and is characterized by productive activities, fulfilling relationships, coping skills, and the ability to adapt to change. It is critical for personal well-being and healthy family and interpersonal relationships. Mental distress can affect health-related quality of life, a measure of individual well-being, and may be related to health behaviors that contribute to chronic disease and disability. Serious mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, major depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, can be very disabling. There are effective treatments for mental disorders, and appropriate, quality mental health services can improve mental health status.
Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, Georgia 2001: 11.6%
The prevalence of frequent mental distress is significantly more common among those with no access to medical care. Adults 65 and older are significantly less likely than adults under 45 to have frequent mental distress.
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, by Income, Georgia 2001
30 25
20 15 10
5
21.5
15.0
12.9
8.4
10.0
6.6
0
Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more
$15,000
Income
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental
30
Distress, by Sex, Georgia 2001
25
20
15
10
5
9.8 0
Male
13.2 Female
Sex
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15
10
5
10.8 0
White
14.9
2.3
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
8.9 Other
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, by Age, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15
10
5
14.1
13.6
12.2
11.1
9.9
7.3
0
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Age
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, Georgia 2001
30
25
20
15
10
5
9.6 0
19.8
Yes
No
Access to Medical Care
Percent
38 | BRFSS 2001
Frequent Mental Distress
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, by Health District, Georgia, 2001
1- 2
2-0 1-1
3-1
3- 4
10-0
3-5 3-2
3-3
4-0 5-2
Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third
6-0
5- 1 7-0
8-2
9-2
8-1
9-1 9-3
Percent
Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, Georgia 1993-2001
25
20
15
10
7.8
5
0 1993
8.6 1994
7.7 1995
5.2 1996
10.0 8.3
1997
Year
1998
9.2 1999
10.4 2000
11.6 2001
BRFSS 2001 | 39
Data Tables
Total Sex Male Female
Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other
Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54
55-64 65+ Age (diabetes only) 18-34 35-44
45-54 55-64 65+ Income Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More
Access to Medical Care Yes No District 1-1
1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3
3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2
6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1
9-2 9-3 10-0
Overweight or Obese n % 95% CI 4286 59.4 57.5 - 61.3
1692 65.3 62.3 - 68.3 2594 53.6 51.2 - 55.9
2906 56.9 1088 68.0 71 56.5 164 50.2
54.7 - 59.1 64.2 - 71.8 41.6 - 71.5 39.7 - 60.7
398 40.5 34.1 - 47.0 849 58.4 54.2 - 62.6 971 61.4 57.5 - 65.2 868 66.4 62.5 - 70.3
539 71.4 66.7 - 76.2 633 56.7 52.1 - 61.3
na na na na na na
na na na na na na na na na
453 63.3 56.7 - 70.0
657 61.0 56.2 - 65.8 602 55.5 50.2 - 60.9 695 65.3 60.6 - 69.9 628 58.0 53.3 - 62.7 682 55.4 51.0 - 59.8
3423 58.6 56.5 - 60.7 858 62.9 58.5 - 67.3
253 60.1 53.3-67.0
221 62.4 55.0-69.8 219 60.3 52.9-67.7 227 57.7 49.6-65.7 217 51.4 43.3-59.5 216 65.5 56.6-74.4
222 54.9 47.5-62.3 205 53.5 45.0-62.0 242 66.2 59.6-72.8 217 63.6 55.9-71.2 234 58.8 51.3-66.3
232 64.4 57.4-71.3 243 65.7 58.2-73.1 204 58.0 49.7-66.3 234 68.2 61.3-75.0 217 56.4 48.9-63.9
245 64.2 57.1-71.4 228 62.2 54.8-69.6 210 52.8 44.5-61.1
High Blood Pressure
n
% 95% CI
4524 26.9 25.3 - 28.5
1720 25.7 23.1 - 28.2 2804 28.1 26.1 - 30.1
3042 1170 79 173
26.3 30.5 19.5 18.0
24.4 - 28.3 27.2 - 33.9 9.1 - 29.9 11.3 - 24.7
413 881 1030 907
568 682
7.7 10.4 19.5 31.7
49.1 54.1
4.8 - 10.6 7.7 -13.0 16.1 - 22.8 28.1 - 35.3
43.9 - 54.3 49.6 - 58.6
na na na na na na
na na na na na na na na na
480 43.0 36.4 - 49.5
675 30.0 25.8 - 34.3 625 28.1 23.4 - 32.8 726 22.8 19.0 - 26.5 655 23.6 19.9 - 27.4 699 17.2 14.0 - 20.4
3620 27.1 25.3 - 28.8 895 26.5 22.5 - 30.5
267 28.7 22.4 - 35.0
228 28.8 22.2 - 35.5 231 19.4 14.2 - 24.5 239 16.7 11.5 - 21.9 227 22.1 15.5 - 28.8 232 27.7 19.6 - 35.9
239 27.3 21.0 - 33.5 216 18.1 12.3 - 23.9 255 29.9 23.5 - 36.2 234 34.2 27.0 - 41.3 252 34.6 28.0 - 41.2
238 26.5 20.1 - 32.9 248 31.2 23.9 - 38.4 215 36.8 29.2 - 44.4 246 29.1 22.0 - 36.3 230 23.7 17.7 - 29.6
260 27.0 21.0 - 33.1 248 21.2 15.8 - 26.5 219 24.8 18.7 - 30.8
Diabetes
n
% 95% CI
4525 6.9 6.0 - 7.7
Asthma
n
% 95% CI
4516 7.2 6.2-8.3
1722 6.5 5.2 - 7.8 2803 7.2 6.1 - 8.3
1714 6.1 4.5-7.6 2802 8.3 6.9-9.7
3043 6.3 1172 8.7 78 6.9 172 4.5
5.3 - 7.3 6.8 - 10.6 1.2 - 12.6 0.5 - 8.5
3035 6.9 5.8-8.0 1169 8.5 6.0-10.9 79 4.2 0.4-8.1 172 6.6 0.0-13.2
na na na na na na na na na na na na
na na na na na na
410 8.1 4.4-11.7 880 7.2 4.8-9.5 1029 6.7 4.9-8.6 907 6.5 4.2-8.9
568 8.5 5.3-11.6 679 7.0 4.6-9.3
1295 1.4 0.8 - 2.1
na
1027 2.9 1.8 - 4.0
na
909 8.2 6.2 - 10.2 na
569 16.0 12.1 - 19.8 na
682 16.2 12.9 - 19.5 na
na na na na
na na na na na na
480 14.5 10.5 - 18.6 479 13.1 8.7-17.4
675 8.0 5.9 - 10.2 674 8.0 5.3-10.8
625 5.2 2.9 - 7.5
622 8.9 5.3-12.6
726 6.9 4.5 - 9.4
723 4.5 2.1-6.8
653 5.6 3.5 - 7.6
653 4.8 2.9-6.8
701 3.8 2.4 - 5.3
699 7.3 4.9-9.8
3623 7.0 6.1 - 8.0 893 6.3 4.2 - 8.3
3613 6.4 5.3-7.4 893 10.7 7.5-13.8
267 10.0 5.5-14.4
228 9.4 5.1-13.7 231 5.8 2.6-9.0 238 3.1 0.8-5.4 228 4.1 1.2-6.9 232 8.2 3.5-13.0
239 6.2 2.8-9.5 216 4.7 1.7-7.7 254 5.7 2.8-8.6 233 8.9 5.0-12.7 252 7.8 4.1-11.5
237 5.5 2.3-8.7 251 9.1 5.3-12.9 214 9.9 4.7-15.1 246 8.1 4.3-11.9 230 8.6 4.8-12.4
261 9.2 5.4-13.1 248 4.6 2.1-7.1 220 6.4 3.1-9.6
265 7.8 4.0-11.7
226 6.5 2.0-11.1 231 7.0 3.4-10.5 239 3.6 1.3-6.0 225 7.7 3.1-12.4 232 7.2 1.5-12.9
239 8.6 3.9-13.4 216 8.8 3.9-13.6 255 6.8 3.5-10.1 233 6.8 3.0-10.5 252 5.9 2.7-9.1
236 7.6 3.9-11.2 250 5.6 2.8-8.4 216 9.7 5.4-14.1 245 9.8 4.5-15.1 230 6.1 2.7-9.6
260 10.4 6.1-14.6 247 4.7 2.1-7.2 219 5.6 1.3-9.9
Cigarette Smoking
n
% 95% CI
4508 23.7 22.1-25.3
1710 25.7 23.1-28.3 2798 21.8 20.0-23.7
3030 1167 79 172
25.1 21.0 25.9 21.0
23.2-27.0 17.8-24.2 13.0-38.9 13.7-28.3
411 878 1028 905
563 680
30.3 20.7 28.8 28.0
19.7 12.0
24.3-36.2 17.4-23.9 25.4-32.3 24.5-31.5
15.7-23.7 9.1-14.9
na na na na na na
na na na na na na na na na
479 27.4 22.2-32.6
674 28.1 24.0-32.2 622 25.6 21.0-30.3 724 24.7 20.6-28.9 649 23.3 19.3-27.4 699 17.4 14.0-20.9
3606 20.5 18.8-22.1 894 36.7 32.5-40.8
265 31.4 24.8-38.1
226 28.1 21.2-34.9 230 23.5 17.2-29.7 238 16.6 11.0-22.1 228 22.1 15.5-28.7 232 25.1 18.7-31.5
239 29.2 22.3-36.1 213 18.5 12.3-24.6 254 22.7 16.8-28.5 233 24.1 17.2-31.1 251 28.0 20.9-35.1
238 26.0 19.6-32.4 249 18.8 12.0-25.6 215 24.0 17.3-30.7 245 19.1 13.6-24.7 227 26.3 19.9-32.7
261 32.2 25.3-39.0 245 28.1 21.8-34.4 219 24.6 17.6-31.7
40 | BRFSS 2001
Data Tables
Physical Activity
Total Sex Male Female
Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other
n
% 95% CI
4523 27.3 25.6 - 28.9
1721 23.5 21.0 - 26.0 2802 30.7 28.6 - 32.8
3039 1173 79 172
23.6 21.8 - 25.4 34.7 31.2 - 38.2 26.8 12.9 - 40.6 32.7 22.6 - 42.8
Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54
413 880 1029 909
19.2 14.5 -23.8 21.7 18.2 - 25.2 23.2 20.0 - 26.3 29.8 26.1 - 33.4
55-64
568
65+
681
Age (mammography only)
40-44
na
45-54
na
36.7 31.5 - 41.9 37.4 33.1 - 41.7
na na na na
55-64 65+ Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999
na na na na na na
480 46.3 39.7 - 52.8 677 38.0 33.3 - 42.7
$25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Access to Medical Care
Yes No District 1-1 1-2
621 31.7 26.6 - 36.9 725 25.4 21.3 - 29.5 654 21.2 17.3 - 25.1 701 11.1 8.4 - 13.7
3618 24.6 22.9 - 26.3 895 37.8 33.4 - 42.1
267 35.2 28.5-41.8 228 24.8 18.5-31.1
2-0
230 26.7 20.2-33.2
3-1
239 15.6 10.8-20.4
3-2
226 21.1 14.7-27.6
3-3
232 31.5 23.4-39.7
3-4
239 22.7 16.6-28.7
3-5
216 24.6 17.3-31.9
4-0
255 25.7 19.8-31.5
5-1
234 28.8 22.2-35.4
5-2
252 27.1 21.0-33.2
6-0
238 30.0 23.5-36.5
7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2
9-3 10-0
251 25.5 19.6-31.5 215 32.8 25.2-40.3 245 33.8 26.8-40.8 230 27.7 21.2-34.3 261 35.2 28.5-42.0
245 26.6 19.0-34.1 220 28.4 21.2-35.6
Binge Drinking
n
% 95% CI
4424 11.9 10.5 - 13.2
1666 18.6 16.2 - 21.1 2758 5.7 4.5 - 6.9
2983 1139 77 170
12.1 10.8 15.9 12.0
10.5 - 13.6 8.0 - 13.7 6.2 - 25.6 5.3 - 18.7
404 865 1005 889
557 663
23.8 15.0 14.9 9.3
5.0 1.5
17.7 - 29.9 12.1 - 17.8 12.0 - 17.8 6.8 - 11.7
2.7 - 7.4 0.2 - 2.7
na na na na na na na na na na na na
470 12.7 7.4 - 18.0 660 11.6 8.0 - 15.3
609 12.0 7.9 - 16.1 711 11.6 8.5 - 14.6 645 10.7 7.8 - 13.5 691 14.9 11.5 - 18.3
3543 10.9 9.5 - 12.3 871 15.8 12.4 - 19.2
260 8.7 4.3 - 13.2 223 9.7 4.8 - 14.6
221 7.1 2.7 - 11.6 233 17.2 11.1 - 23.3 222 18.2 11.9 - 24.5 226 8.9 4.6 - 13.3 236 7.4 3.9 - 10.8
213 14.5 8.5 - 20.6 252 10.2 5.6 - 14.8 230 11.5 5.9 - 17.2 247 16.9 10.1 - 23.6 233 9.8 5.4 - 14.3
245 11.3 5.9 - 16.6 206 8.3 3.8 - 12.8 239 12.4 7.4 - 17.4 225 17.0 11.7 - 22.4 256 10.8 6.4 - 15.3
241 11.7 7.0 - 16.3 216 13.9 7.3 - 20.5
Mammography
n
% 95% CI
1622 79.5 77.2 - 81.7
na na na na na na
1158 379 26 47
78.3 75.5 - 81.0 84.1 80.1 - 88.2 81.7 64.4 - 99.0 66.9 50.0 - 83.8
na na na na na na na na na na na na
na na na na na na
308 70.6 64.7 - 76.6 523 82.2 78.6 - 85.7 361 83.9 78.8 - 89.0 430 79.2 75.0 - 83.4
215 66.3 58.7 - 73.8 267 71.8 65.6 - 78.0
180 81.3 75.2 - 87.4 229 82.6 77.1 - 88.0 225 84.1 78.8 - 89.4 217 84.2 77.7 - 90.6
1353 81.9 79.5 - 84.3 266 66.1 59.4 - 72.9
103 69.7 59.5-79.8 93 73.9 63.6-84.2
97 68.0 56.8-79.2 87 86.3 78.8-93.8 62 85.2 75.7-94.8 70 83.3 74.5-92.0 81 91.2 85.1-97.2
73 81.9 72.6-91.2 91 77.1 68.0-86.3 93 70.9 60.6-81.1 106 83.1 75.0-91.2 82 86.2 78.2-94.2
96 82.0 73.1-90.8 73 67.5 55.2-79.8 90 75.1 65.6-84.5 72 79.6 68.1-91.0 100 72.4 62.8-81.9
68 83.6 75.1-92.2 85 69.2 55.7-82.6
Pap Test
n
% 95% CI
1950 89.7 88.0 - 91.4
na na na na na na
1259 558 40 69
88.3 86.0 - 90.6 94.0 91.6 - 96.3 88.9 78.3 - 99.5 84.7 75.6 - 93.9
247 89.6 85.1 - 94.1 495 93.9 91.4 - 96.3 505 91.4 88.6 - 94.3 331 89.6 85.8 - 93.4
162 82.0 71.7 - 92.3 189 80.8 74.7 - 86.8
na na na na na na na na na na na na
204 81.6 75.6 - 87.6 308 86.0 81.5 - 90.4
301 91.6 87.8 - 95.2 312 92.8 89.6 - 96.0 282 94.3 91.0 - 97.7 276 95.2 91.3 - 99.0
1531 91.4 89.6 - 93.2 414 83.4 79.1 - 87.7
106 90.1 83.5 - 96.8 96 92.8 87.4 - 98.3
101 87.1 78.9 - 95.2 111 92.1 86.5 - 97.6 104 89.1 81.3 - 96.9 117 89.1 81.9 - 96.3 103 93.4 87.4 - 99.3
105 91.6 84.8 - 98.4 116 88.7 81.7 - 95.6 87 95.4 91.2 - 99.6 100 89.0 81.8 - 96.2 109 93.1 88.2 - 97.9
107 89.2 82.2 - 96.3 96 84.6 76.6 - 92.6 93 91.3 85.9 - 96.7 100 80.3 70.7 - 89.8 101 88.7 82.0 - 95.3
101 95.0 91.0 - 99.0 97 79.2 67.1 - 91.3
BRFSS 2001 | 41
Data Tables
Blood Stool Test
Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy
Cholesterol
Flu Shot
Pneumonia Immunization
n % 95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
% 95% CI
Total
1608 32.4 29.6 - 35.2 1668 48.4 45.5 - 51.3
4425 78.9 77.3 - 80.6 682 62.2 57.9 - 66.6 660 57.9 53.4-62.4
Sex
Male
574 32.2 27.7 - 36.8 591 48.9 44.1 - 53.6
1687 77.4 74.7 - 80.2 225 66.7 59.8 - 73.6 213 57.2 49.5-64.8
Female
1034 32.5 29.0 - 36.0 1077 48.0 44.4 - 51.7
2738 80.3 78.3 - 82.3 457 59.3 53.8 - 64.7 447 58.4 52.8-63.9
Race/Ethnicity
White
1216 35.4 32.1 - 38.7 1255 51.1 47.8 - 54.5
2976 81.7 79.9 - 83.4 527 70.0 65.5 - 74.4 513 65.8 61.0-70.6
Black
311 23.5 17.6 - 29.4 327 42.0 35.3 - 48.7
1150 75.8 72.2 - 79.4 128 34.7 24.9 -44.4 122 28.8 19.1-38.4
Hispanic
18 29.8 6.6 - 52.9
18 41.9 16.1 - 67.6
76 61.9 46.0 - 77.7 4
86.8 60.5-100.0 4
77.9 38.0-100.0
Other
43 30.5 12.5 - 48.5 45 35.6 19.2 - 52.1 167 68.3 57.8 - 78.7 14 41.3 13.7 - 69.0 12 56.2 26.2-86.2
Age
18-24
na na na
na na na
389 57.0 50.4 - 63.6 na na na
na na na
25-34
na na na
na na na
861 63.3 58.9 - 67.7 na na na
na na na
35-44
na na na
na na na
1013 82.6 79.8 - 85.5 na na na
na na na
45-54
na na na
na na na
900 86.9 83.8 - 89.9 na na na
na na na
55-64
na na na
na na na
558 90.3 86.4 - 94.1 na na na
na na na
65+
na na na
na na na
662 94.0 91.7 - 96.2 na na na
na na na
Age (colon cancer screening/blood stool test)
50-54
418 26.0 20.7 - 31.4 419 34.3 28.7 - 39.8
na na na
na na na
na na na
55-64
544 31.5 26.6 - 36.3 557 47.0 41.7 - 52.2
na na na
na na na
na na na
65+
646 37.0 32.5 - 41.4 655 59.2 54.8 - 63.6
na na na
na na na
na na na
Income
Less than $15,000
225 20.8 14.5 - 27.0 233 39.8 32.2 - 47.4
464 72.8 65.7 - 79.8 133 45.4 35.0 -55.8 130 39.7 29.7-49.6
$15,000-$24,999
259 28.7 21.8 - 35.6 269 44.8 37.5 - 52.1
655 73.5 69.1 - 77.8 131 62.9 53.0 - 72.8 129 58.0 47.9-68.0
$25,000-$34,999
187 32.6 24.3 - 40.9 190 41.7 33.2 - 50.3
613 75.6 70.5 - 80.7 76
67.0 54.0 - 80.0 74 65.5 52.3-78.6
$35,000-$49,999
209 36.6 28.5 - 44.6 210 51.5 43.2 - 59.9
713 78.8 74.6 - 83.1 72
71.6 59.7 - 83.5 68 67.2 53.8-80.6
$50,000-$74,999
200 31.0 23.4 - 38.6 204 50.8 42.6 - 59.0
645 81.5 77.6 - 85.5 41
72.1 57.1 - 87.1 39 61.9 45.3-78.4
$75,000 or More
206 38.5 30.4 - 46.6 212 55.8 47.7 - 63.9
692 87.2 84.0 - 90.4 34
79.0 63.4 - 94.7 34 63.1 44.4-81.8
Access to Medical Care
Yes
1391 33.9 30.9 - 37.0 1437 50.4 47.2 - 53.5
3546 82.0 80.2 - 83.8 642 64.1 59.7 - 68.4 623 59.4 54.8-64.0
No
213 21.5 14.1 - 28.8 228 34.3 26.2 -42.4
871 66.7 62.4 - 71.0 37 29.5 11.6 - 47.4 36 31.7 13.2-50.2
District
1-1
111 21.0 12.6 - 29.4 114 39.1 28.6 - 49.6
261 74.5 68.0 - 81.0 42
59.4 42.5 - 76.2 40 53.2 34.8-71.6
1-2
89 42.5 30.7 - 54.2 95 50.0 38.5 - 61.4
222 82.0 75.2 - 88.7 30
75.0 57.8 - 92.3 29 74.6 57.0-92.1
2-0
92 32.5 21.6 - 43.5 98 47.5 36.0 - 59.0
228 74.4 67.6 - 81.2 45
70.3 56.0 - 84.5 44 53.3 37.2-69.3
3-1
66 40.4 25.3 - 55.5 70 48.8 34.2 - 63.4
235 81.3 75.5 - 87.1 23
52.9 27.8 - 78.1 23 71.4 49.7-93.1
3-2
63 49.2 35.3 - 63.1 63 59.5 45.4 - 73.6
220 79.2 72.0 - 86.4 28
54.9 35.2 - 74.5 27 53.6 33.4-73.7
3-3
57 28.2 14.5 - 42.0 63 43.5 29.2 - 57.7
230 75.9 70.3 - 81.5 19
39.5 15.2 - 63.8 19 54.1 29.2-78.9
3-4
67 41.8 28.1 - 55.5 69 54.0 40.1 - 67.9
237 78.5 72.2 - 84.7 24
76.9 58.1 - 95.8 24 69.7 49.7-89.7
3-5
68 36.6 24.0 - 49.2 75 63.4 51.1 - 75.6
213 74.4 65.5 - 83.3 29
52.5 32.1 - 72.8 30 44.4 24.9-63.8
4-0
92 31.8 21.1 - 42.6 91 49.4 38.1 - 60.7
246 82.8 77.4 - 88.1 45
69.4 55.4 - 83.4 44 58.0 41.7-74.2
5-1
96 18.8 10.5 - 27.0 102 36.5 26.2 - 46.7
229 77.1 70.1 - 84.1 48
61.9 46.8 - 77.0 46 47.1 31.2-62.9
5-2
103 23.6 14.5 - 32.6 111 38.3 28.2 - 48.3
247 84.3 78.7 - 89.9 44
72.1 58.5 - 85.7 42 63.3 46.8-79.9
6-0
73 18.3 8.3 - 28.2
77 41.8 29.8 - 53.8
230 80.5 74.4 - 86.7 30 72.3 55.1 - 89.5 30 68.0 48.4-87.6
7-0
97 22.1 12.2 - 31.9 101 42.4 31.4 - 53.4
241 78.6 71.3 - 86.0 38
56.8 39.7 - 73.8 38 41.8 24.6-59.0
8-1
80 22.8 12.5 - 33.1 84 37.5 25.7 - 49.4
210 77.2 69.7 - 84.7 35
41.5 22.3 - 60.6 32 30.3 13.2-47.5
8-2
88 32.2 21.3 - 43.1 92 37.0 25.9 - 48.2
239 73.9 66.6 - 81.3 46
68.1 53.9 - 82.4 44 67.9 52.8-83.1
9-1
81 37.5 25.8 - 49.1 87 58.5 47.2 - 69.8
226 83.5 77.6 - 89.5 40
57.4 40.6 - 74.1 39 54.5 37.3-71.6
9-2
105 34.7 24.3 - 45.1 110 40.1 29.9 - 50.2
256 76.0 70.1 - 82.0 43
53.8 37.3 - 70.3 41 62.7 46.2-79.2
9-3
75 22.7 12.6 - 32.7 79 50.6 38.8 - 62.5
244 76.2 68.9 - 83.5 33
75.4 58.9 - 92.0 33 53.5 35.4-71.5
10-0
88 24.4 14.5 - 34.2 87 43.6 31.1 - 56.0
211 76.9 69.5 - 84.3 4 0
58.6 41.2 - 76.1 35 55.2 36.6-73.8
42 | BRFSS 2001
Data Tables
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black
Hispanic Other Age 18-24 25-34
35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Income
Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999
$75,000 or More Access to Medical Care Yes No District
1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2
3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1
5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2
9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0
HIV Testing n % 95% CI 3589 54.7 52.6-56.9
1412 54.3 50.9-57.7 2177 55.1 52.5-57.8
2341 49.9 982 66.2 73 64.5 147 48.0
47.3-52.4 62.3-70.1 50.7-78.3 37.1-58.8
399 57.7 51.1-64.3 856 72.0 68.0-75.9
993 60.5 56.6-64.4 827 43.2 39.1-47.2 514 27.5 22.6-32.4 na na na
317 56.3 47.4-65.1 514 61.1 55.7-66.5 511 61.2 55.5-66.9 618 56.9 51.6-62.2 589 50.8 45.8-55.9
637 53.4 48.8-58.0
2773 52.0 49.6-54.4 810 64.2 59.7-68.6
204 48.4 40.5 - 56.2 182 46.6 38.2 - 55.1 174 51.1 42.6 - 59.6 203 58.2 50.0 - 66.3 185 52.8 43.9 - 61.8
198 62.1 52.4 - 71.8 201 49.9 41.7 - 58.1 176 66.6 57.8 - 75.4 201 46.7 39.0 - 54.3 175 44.8 35.7 - 54.0
189 56.5 48.4 - 64.6 191 55.2 47.1 - 63.3 197 64.8 57.2 - 72.3 167 66.1 58.1 - 74.2 187 64.7 56.8 - 72.7
183 57.7 49.5 - 65.9 203 59.8 51.8 - 67.8 201 66.1 58.7 - 73.4 172 47.3 38.5 - 56.1
Health Insurance
n
% 95% CI
4522 13.8 12.4 - 15.2
1719 15.2 12.8 - 17.6 2803 12.5 10.9 - 14.1
3041 1171 79 171
10.6 18.0 34.0 22.3
9.2 - 12.1 15.0 - 21.1 18.5 - 49.5 12.7 - 31.9
411 881
1028 909 569 681
22.7 18.1
16.1 11.4 11.6 1.2
17.1 - 28.3 14.6 - 21.5
12.9 - 19.3 8.4 - 14.4 8.5 - 14.7 0.3 - 2.2
481 28.6 22.3 - 34.9 677 30.4 25.6 - 35.2 625 19.1 14.3 - 23.9 726 7.0 4.5 - 9.5 653 3.4 1.9 - 4.9
701 2.8 1.2 - 4.4
na na na na na na
267 12.9 8.1 - 17.6 228 12.6 7.2 - 17.9 231 15.4 9.5 - 21.2 239 7.8 3.1 - 12.5 228 14.2 8.3 - 20.0
232 9.9 3.9 - 15.8 239 11.7 6.6 - 16.8 215 14.6 8.1 - 21.0 255 10.5 6.4 - 14.6 233 11.3 6.3 - 16.4
251 12.5 7.2 - 17.8 237 15.3 9.9 - 20.6 250 11.1 6.4 - 15.8 215 19.1 12.5 - 25.6 246 19.4 12.9 - 25.9
230 14.4 9.4 - 19.4 261 25.4 18.9 - 31.8 246 17.5 10.5 - 24.5 219 13.2 7.1 - 19.4
Disability
n
% 95% CI
4490 15.5 14.3 - 16.7
Fair or Poor Health
Frequent Mental Distress
n
% 95% CI
n
% 95% CI
4516 15.9 14.6 - 17.2 4413 11.6 10.3 -12.9
1708 13.8 11.9 -15.7 1718 14.9 12.8 - 17.0 1684 9.8 7.6 - 12.0 2782 17.1 15.4 - 18.7 2798 16.8 15.2 - 18.4 2729 13.2 11.7 - 14.7
3024 1159 79 170
16.4 14.1 14.2 11.8
14.9 - 17.9 11.7 - 16.5 5.3 - 23.0 6.4 - 17.2
3036 1167 79 173
14.3 12.9 - 15.7 20.1 16.9 - 23.3 12.0 3.5 - 20.6 12.1 7.0 - 17.1
2975 1137 78 168
10.8 14.9 2.3 8.9
9.4 - 12.2 11.6 - 18.1 0.1 - 4.5 4.1 - 13.6
410 881
1020 901 565 674
7.9 6.4
11.6 19.5 24.3 28.4
5.0 - 10.8 4.4 - 8.4
9.4 - 13.9 16.5 - 22.6 20.1 - 28.4 24.5 - 32.3
413 881
1027 910 566 676
7.6 3.5 - 11.7 6.5 4.5 - 8.4
10.5 8.2 - 12.9 16.8 13.9 - 19.7 27.2 22.7 - 31.7 34.0 29.8 - 38.2
403 873
1010 894 551 641
14.1 13.6
12.2 11.1 9.9 7.3
9.5 - 18.8 9.9 - 17.2
9.8 - 14.6 8.7 - 13.6 6.4 - 13.4 5.1 - 9.4
474 34.0 28.3 - 39.7 479 40.9 34.7 - 47.1 455 21.5 15.3 - 27.7 673 19.7 16.0 - 23.4 674 20.9 17.1 - 24.7 649 15.0 11.5 - 18.5 622 12.9 9.8 - 16.0 622 16.0 11.6 - 20.5 617 12.9 8.6 - 17.1 722 10.4 7.8 - 13.0 723 9.5 7.0 - 12.1 717 8.4 5.5 - 11.3 653 11.0 8.1 - 13.8 654 7.8 5.2 - 10.5 651 10.0 6.9 - 13.1
700 9.6 7.3 - 12.0 700 5.9 4.0 - 7.9 699 6.6 4.3 - 8.8
3593 14.9 13.5 - 16.2 3611 14.0 12.6 - 15.4 3541 9.6 8.2 - 11.0 887 18.0 15.0 - 21.0 895 23.3 19.8 - 26.8 862 19.8 16.4 - 23.1
265 14.9 10.0 - 19.7 266 16.8 11.8 - 21.8 255 10.8 6.8 - 14.7 227 17.2 11.7 - 22.6 228 22.3 16.1 - 28.5 219 10.8 6.2 - 15.5 230 14.6 9.9 - 19.4 231 14.8 9.6 - 20.0 230 8.1 4.0 - 12.2 236 13.1 8.4 - 17.7 239 7.2 3.2 - 11.2 238 12.9 6.4 - 19.3 222 9.9 5.6 - 14.1 227 10.4 6.1 - 14.7 222 11.5 6.9 - 16.2
229 13.0 7.8 - 18.1 232 11.9 7.1 - 16.8 229 13.3 6.7 - 19.9 237 11.7 7.1 - 16.3 235 14.4 9.3 - 19.4 236 11.2 6.0 - 16.4 215 10.0 5.8 - 14.2 215 9.5 5.3 - 13.7 215 13.7 6.0 - 21.4 253 17.9 12.6 - 23.1 254 15.6 11.0 - 20.2 250 10.3 6.4 - 14.1 231 13.9 9.1 - 18.6 233 22.5 16.2 - 28.8 222 7.3 4.2 - 10.5
251 17.1 12.0 - 22.2 252 16.3 10.4 - 22.3 248 10.9 5.2 - 16.6 237 16.7 11.4 - 22.1 237 16.4 11.0 - 21.8 232 13.2 8.3 - 18.1 248 19.5 13.8 - 25.3 251 23.0 16.8 - 29.1 239 16.8 11.3 - 22.4 215 14.5 9.6 - 19.3 215 19.0 12.6 - 25.3 212 13.1 7.2 - 19.1 246 16.3 11.2 - 21.5 246 20.3 14.5 - 26.0 240 10.7 6.3 - 15.1
228 16.3 11.1 - 21.4 229 14.0 9.1 - 18.9 226 12.0 7.3 - 16.8 260 24.1 18.1 - 30.1 260 20.0 14.7 - 25.3 245 9.5 5.4 - 13.7 241 14.4 9.5 - 19.2 247 13.5 9.0 - 18.1 240 9.1 5.4 - 12.8 219 19.8 13.6 - 25.9 219 14.6 9.8 - 19.4 215 13.7 7.8 - 19.5
BRFSS 2001 | 43
Methods
Georgia has been conducting the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 1984. In 2001, approximately 378 Georgia residents age 18 and older were interviewed each month by telephone about health conditions, behaviors, and the use of preventive services. The total sample size was 4,532.
The 2001 BRFSS used a Disproportionate Stratified Sample (DSS) design. Telephone numbers were classified into two strata based on the presumed density of residential telephone numbers. Telephone numbers in the high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than numbers in the low-density strata. The sample was further stratified to yield approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of the 19 Health Districts in Georgia (see page 1).
of the non-institutional households in Georgia. The questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers, and data were entered during the interview via computer using CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) software. Households without telephones (approximately 8% of households in Georgia) and households that use cellular telephones only are not represented in the sampling frame.
At the end of the year, data from the monthly surveys were compiled and weighted to represent the age-, race-, and sex-distribution of the adult population in Georgia and to compensate for an individual's probability of selection. Weighting also adjusts for non-response to the extent that non-responders are similar to responders. Estimates for the Health Districts were weighted to the 2000 census population of the District. Analysis for this report was performed using statistical software that accounts for the complex survey sample design.
The 2001 BRFSS questionnaire covered a range of topics, including health status, health care access, asthma, diabetes, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, breast and cervical cancer screening, colorectal cancer screening, hypertension, cholesterol, immunization, HIV/ AIDS, and demographic information. Participation was random, anonymous, and confidential. Respondents were randomly selected from among the adult members
The estimated percent of the population with the risk factor is shown in the bar charts for each risk factor (e.g. 65.3% of men and 53.6% of women are overweight or obese). Confidence interval values are shown with the prevalence estimates in the Data Tables on pages 40-43. Significant differences among demographic groups were identified by comparing confidence interval overlap.
44 | BRFSS 2001
Definitions
Georgia BRFSS Risk Factor Definitions
Overweight or Obese: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 25.0. BMI is measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. High Blood Pressure: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have high blood pressure. Diabetes: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes. Asthma: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have asthma and still have asthma. Cigarette Smoking: Adults who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who are current smokers. No Leisure Time Physical Activity: Adults who did not participate in any physical activities or exercise during the past 30 days. Binge Drinking: Adults who had 5 or more drinks on an occasion during the past 30 days. Mammography: Adult women, age 40 and older, who had a mammogram within the past two years. Pap Test: Adult women, who have not had a hysterectomy, who had a Pap smear within the past three years. Blood Stool Test: Adults, age 50 and older, who had blood stool test using a home kit within the past two years. Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy: Adults, age 50 and older, who ever had sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy examination. Cholesterol Screening: Adults who have ever had blood cholesterol checked.
Flu Shot: Adults, age 65 and older, who have had a flu shot within the past 12 months. Pneumonia Immunization: Adults, age 65 and older, who have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. HIV/AIDS Testing: Adults, age 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV. Health Insurance: Adults who have no health care plan. Disability: Adults who have activity limitation because of physical, mental, or emotional problems or who require the use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone. Fair or Poor Health: Adults who self-reported their health status as fair or poor (on a scale of excellent, very good, good, fair or poor). Frequent Mental Distress: Adults who reported mental health, including stress, depression, and problems with emotions, was not good on 14 or more of the past 30 days.
Race/Ethnicity: Race/ethnicity is based on response to questions about race and Hispanic origin. Income: Annual household income from all sources. Access to Medical Care: Adults with no access to medical care have no health insurance or were not able to see a doctor because of cost within the last year.
BRBFRSFSSS2020010|04|53
Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
If you would like more information, visit the BRFSS web sites at:
health.state.ga.us/epi/brfss/index.shtml www.cdc.gov/brfss/ For additional copies of this report contact: BRFSS Coordinator Georgia Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW, 14th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303
Publication # DPH03-069HW