Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2001 Report Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2001 Report Table of Contents Page Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Overweight or Obese 4 High Blood Pressure 6 Diabetes 8 Asthma 10 Cigarette Smoking 12 Physical Activity 14 Binge Drinking 16 Mammography 18 Pap Test 20 Blood Stool Test 22 Sigmodoscopy/Colonoscopy 24 Cholesterol Screening 26 Flu Shot 28 Pneumonia Immunization 30 HIV/AIDS Testing 32 Health Insurance 34 Disability 36 Fair or Poor Health 38 Frequent Mental Distress 40 Data Tables 44 Methods 45 Definitions Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health Epidemiology Branch Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section Jim Martin, Commissioner Kathleen E. Toomey, M.D., M.P.H., Director Paul Blake, M.D., M.P.H. Kenneth E. Powell, M.D., M.P.H. The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is supported in part through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement U58/CCU400591. Without the cooperation and participation of the Georgia residents who complete the telephone survey the BRFSS would not be possible. Cover photos courtesy of Georgia Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism. Suggested Citation: Martin LM, Chowdhury PP, Powell KE, Clanton J. Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001 Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section, March 2003. Publication number DPH03-069HW. 2 | BRFSS 2000 Introduction Many behaviors are related to health. Healthy behaviors include everyday activities such as eating and walking and use of health services such as vaccinations and periodic screening examinations. Unhealthy behaviors and the lack of preventive medical services increase the risk of some chronic diseases, infections, and injuries. Efforts to reduce death and disability from chronic diseases, infections, and injuries often include efforts to change behaviors and increase the use of preventive medical services. The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on the major health risk behaviors and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians. This report presents 2001 BRFSS data for Georgia and for the 19 Public Health Districts. For 12 of the risk factors in this report national Healthy People 2010 objectives have been identified. These objectives represent targets to be reached by the year 2010 and support the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 to increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities. Georgia Public Health Districts District 1-1, Northwest (Rome) District 1-2, North Georgia (Dalton) District 2, North (Gainesville) District 3-1, Cobb/Douglas District 3-2, Fulton District 3-3, Clayton (Morrow) District 3-4, East Metro (Lawrenceville) District 3-5, DeKalb District 4, LaGrange District 5-1, South Central (Dublin) District 5-2, North Central (Macon) District 6, East Central (Augusta) District 7, West Central (Columbus) District 8-1, South (Valdosta) District 8-2, Southwest (Albany) District 9-1, East (Savannah) District 9-2, Southeast (Waycross) District 9-3, Coastal (Brunswick) District 10, Northeast (Athens) Counties Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Paulding, Polk, Walker Cherokee, Fannin, Gilmer, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield Banks, Dawson, Forsyth, Franklin, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Lumpkin, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, White Cobb, Douglas Fulton Clayton Gwinnett, Newton, Rockdale DeKalb Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Bleckley, Dodge, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Pulaski, Telfair, Treutlen, Wheeler, Wilcox Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Hancock, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Monroe, Peach, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson Burke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes Chattahoochee, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Harris, Macon, Muscogee, Marion, Quitman, Randolph, Schely, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Webster Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Tift, Turner Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Decatur, Early, Grady, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Worth Chatham, Effingham Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Brantley, Bulloch, Candler, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Evans, Jeff Davis, Pierce, Tattnall, Toombs, Ware, Wayne Bryan, Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton BRFSS 2001 | 1 Overweight or Obese Overweight or Obese Overweight is a risk factor for Type II diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, gall bladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. Overweight is also associated with high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure. The risk of these conditions can be reduced by weight loss. Recommendations for weight loss and weight maintenance include reducing calories and increasing physical activity. Overweight is defined as body mass index (BMI1) of 25.0-29.9; obese is defined as BMI 30.0 or more. Overweight or Obese Adults, Georgia 2001: 59.4% Percent Percent Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Sex, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 65.3 0 Male 53.6 Female Sex Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 56.9 0 White 68.0 56.5 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 50.2 Other 1 BMI= weight in kg/height in m2 The prevalence of overweight or obese adults is significantly more common in men than women, more common in blacks than whites, and more common among adults 55-64 than adults 18-44. Percent Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Income, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 63.3 0 Less than $15,000 61.0 $15,000$24,999 55.5 65.3 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 58.0 $50,000$74,999 55.4 $75,000 or more 2 | BRFSS 2001 Percent Percent Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Age, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 40.5 0 58.4 61.4 66.4 71.4 56.7 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 58.6 62.9 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Overweight or Obese Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1- 1 3- 1 3-4 1 0- 0 3-5 3- 2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8- 2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, Georgia 1993-2001 100 90 80 70 60 50.8 55.4 53.3 51.9 58.2 54.6 57.6 59.4 59.4 50 40 30 20 10 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 3 High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure High blood pressure increases the risk for heart disease and stroke, but it is easily detected. Lifestyle modification, such as engaging in physical activity, losing weight, and reducing dietary salt intake, may reduce blood pressure to normal, eliminating the need for medication. Adults should have their blood pressure checked at least every 2 years. Adults, who ever had high blood pressure, Georgia, 2001: 26.9 % Healthy People 2010 Objective: 16% The prevalence of adults who ever had high blood pressure increases as age increases and decreases as income increases. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High 60 Blood Pressure, by Sex, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 25.7 0 28.1 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 60 50 40 30 20 10 26.3 0 White 30.5 19.5 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 18.0 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Age, Georgia 2001 60 50 40 30 20 10 7.7 0 10.4 19.5 31.7 49.1 54.1 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Income, Georgia 2001 60 50 40 30 20 10 43.0 30.0 28.1 22.8 23.6 17.2 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Income Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Access to Medical Care, 60 Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 27.1 26.5 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 4 | BRFSS 2001 High Blood Pressure Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6- 0 5- 1 7- 0 8-2 9- 2 8-1 9-1 9- 3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who ever had High Blood Pressure, Georgia 1993-2001 50 40 30 21.4 20 10 0 1993 19.7 1995 21.4 1997 Year 26.3 1999 26.9 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 5 Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and was the eighth leading cause of death in Georgia in 2001. Complications of diabetes include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental disease, and susceptibility to infections. Obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most important preventable risk factors for developing diabetes. Risk factors for complications due to diabetes include glucose levels outside of the normal range, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, poor diet and lack of physical activity. Management of diabetes involves controlling blood glucose levels through diet and insulin regulation, monitoring of blood glucose levels, and regular foot and eye exams by health care professionals. Adults with Diabetes, Georgia 2001: 6.9% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 2.5% The prevalence of diabetes is significantly more common among older people than younger people, and less common at higher income than lower income. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Income, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 14.5 8.0 5.2 6.9 5.6 3.8 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Income Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Sex, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 6.5 0 Male 7.2 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 6.3 0 White 8.7 6.9 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 4.5 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Age, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 1.4 2.9 8.2 16.0 16.2 0 18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 7.0 6.3 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 6 | BRFSS 2001 Diabetes Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1- 2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, Georgia 1993-2001 25 20 15 10 6.8 6.9 5.9 5.6 5 3.7 4.3 3.7 4.1 4.1 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 7 Asthma Asthma Asthma is a disease of the lungs that causes breathing problems or "asthma attacks" and results in more than 9,000 hospitalizations in Georgia each year. The airways of people with asthma tighten abnormally in response to smoke, pollen, dust, air pollution, infection, irritants, allergens, or exercise leading to difficulty in breathing. While asthma is not often fatal, loss of productivity, high medical costs, and disability are common outcomes for asthma sufferers. Smoking, genetic factors, allergies and some medications can be risk factors for developing asthma and asthma symptoms. Asthma can be effectively controlled by recognizing and avoiding asthma triggers, appropriate management of medication, monitoring lung function, and giving patients tools and education about managing their own care. Adults with Asthma, Georgia 2001: 7.2% The prevalence of asthma is significantly more common among persons with no access to medical care because of lack of insurance or cost barriers. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Income, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 13.1 8.0 8.9 4.5 4.8 7.3 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Income Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Sex, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 6.1 0 Male 8.3 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 6.9 0 White 8.5 4.2 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 6.6 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Age, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 8.1 7.2 6.7 6.5 8.5 7.0 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Access 30 to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 25 20 15 10 5 6.4 10.7 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 8 | BRFSS 2001 Asthma Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1- 2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, Georgia 2000-2001 25 20 15 10 5 6.2 0 2000 7.2 2001 Year BRFSS 2001 | 9 Cigarette Smoking Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Tobacco use accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths and 87% of all lung cancers in Georgia. Smoking is also associated with illness and death related to heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and fire. For those who smoke, quitting is always beneficial. At every age group, smokers who quit live longer than those who continue smoking. Policy changes to prevent the initiation of smoking among youth and to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are also important for reducing the burden of tobacco related death and disease in Georgia. Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia 2001: 23.7% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 12% The prevalence of cigarette smoking is significantly less common among those with access to medical care and among adults age 65 and older. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Sex, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 25.7 0 Male 21.8 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 25.1 0 White 21.0 25.9 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 21.0 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Age, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 30.3 20.7 28.8 28.0 19.7 12.0 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Income, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 27.4 0 28.1 25.6 24.7 23.3 17.4 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Income 10 | BRFSS 2001 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 20.5 36.7 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Cigarette Smoking Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6- 0 5- 1 7- 0 8-2 9- 2 8-1 9-1 9- 3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes,Georgia 1993-2001 30 23.9 25 20 15 10 5 0 1993 22.8 1994 20.5 1995 20.3 1996 22.4 23.6 1997 Year 1998 23.7 1999 23.5 2000 23.7 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 11 Physical Activity Physical Activity Physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps maintain healthy body weight, reduces the risk of falls and fractures, helps prevent back pain, reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life. Besides traditional exercise programs, benefits can be achieved through regular moderate-intensity activities like walking, housework, and gardening. Inactive individuals who become more physically active improve their health even if they do not reach the recommended level of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity most, preferably all, days a week. Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, Georgia 2001: 27.3% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 20% The prevalence of no leisure time physical activity is significantly more common in women than men, blacks than whites, and more common among those with no access to medical care. Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Income, Georgia 2001 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 46.3 38.0 31.7 25.4 0 21.2 11.1 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Income Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Sex, Georgia 2001 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 23.5 0 Male 30.7 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 23.6 0 White 34.7 26.8 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 32.7 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Age, Georgia 2001 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 19.2 21.7 23.2 29.8 36.7 37.4 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 24.6 37.8 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 12 | BRFSS 2001 Physical Activity Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1- 2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with No Leisure Time Physical Activity,Georgia 1996-2001 60 51.3 50 40.5 40 30 29.6 25.8 29.0 27.3 20 10 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year 2000 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 13 Binge Drinking Binge Drinking Binge drinking results in acute impairment and causes a significant fraction of alcohol-related deaths. Adverse health effects range from unintentional injuries, such as motor-vehicle crashes, drownings, and falls, to suicide. Chronic conditions like hypertension, pancreatitis, and poor diabetic control are also related to binge drinking. Binge drinking has high social and economic impact; it promotes homicide, child abuse, rape and domestic violence, and causes loss of productivity. Binge drinking during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome. Effective prevention measures against binge drinking can save lives and prevent development of birth defects. Adults who Binge Drink, Georgia, 2001: 11.9 % Healthy People 2010 Objective: 6% The prevalence of adults who binge drink is significantly more common among males than females and among people who have no access to medical care, and decreases as age increases. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Income, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 12.7 11.6 12.0 11.6 10.7 14.9 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Income Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Sex, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 18.6 0 Male 5.7 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 12.1 0 White 10.8 15.9 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 12.0 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Age, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 23.8 15.0 14.9 9.3 5.0 1.5 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+,who Binge Drink, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 10.9 15.8 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 14 | BRFSS 2001 Binge Drinking Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1- 2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Binge Drink, Georgia 1993-2001 25 20 15 12.0 12.5 11.9 10.7 9.4 10 5 0 1993 1995 1997 Year 1999 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 15 Mammography Mammography Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in Georgia and the second leading cause of cancer death. The number of deaths can be reduced if the disease is diagnosed early. Factors associated with breast cancer are age; personal or family history of breast cancer; biopsy-confirmed atypical hyperplasia; early onset of the menstrual cycle coupled with late onset of menopause; recent use of oral contraceptives or postmenopausal estrogens; never having children or first child born after age 30; and consuming 2 or more drinks of alcohol daily. The American Cancer Society recommends that women ages 40 and older receive annual breast cancer screening, including a clinical breast exam and a mammogram soon afterwards. Women, age 40+, with Mammogram in the Last Two Years: Georgia 2001: 79.5% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 70% The prevalence of mamography is significantly lower among women with incomes less than $15,000 than incomes of $25,000 or more, and among women with no access to medical care. Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mamography in the Last Two Years, by Income, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 66.3 0 Less than $15,000 71.8 $15,000$24,999 81.3 82.6 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 84.1 $50,000$74,999 84.2 $75,000 or more Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 78.3 0 White 84.1 81.7 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 66.9 Other Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mamography in the Last Two Years, by Age, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 70.6 82.2 83.9 79.2 0 40-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mamography in the Last Two Years, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 81.9 66.1 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 16 | BRFSS 2001 Mammography Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, Georgia 1993-2001 100 80 67.2 60 40 20 0 1993 65.8 1994 71.5 1995 72.7 1996 72.9 70.2 1997 Year 1998 72.4 1999 76.1 2000 79.5 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 17 Pap Test Pap Test An estimated 550 cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed and 130 women were expected to die of the disease in Georgia in 2000. The risk of developing cervical cancer is closely linked with sexual practices and sexually transmitted infections with human papillomavirus. Becoming sexually active at a young age, having multiple sex partners, and smoking cigarettes are all risk factors for cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends annual Pap smears for all women who are sexually active or have reached the age of eighteen; after three consecutive normal annual exams, Pap smears may be performed less frequently at the discretion of the physician. Women who had a Pap Test within Three Years, Georgia 2001: 89.7% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% Women with no access to medical care were significantly less likely to have a Pap test. Women with income below $25,000 were less likely than women income of $50,000 or more to have a Pap test. Percent Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 88.3 0 White 94.0 88.9 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 84.7 Other Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Age, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 89.6 0 18-24 93.9 25-34 91.4 35-44 89.6 45-54 82.0 55-64 80.8 65+ Age Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Income, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 81.6 0 Less than $15,000 86.0 $15,000$24,999 91.6 92.8 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 94.3 $50,000$74,999 95.2 $75,000 or more Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 91.4 83.4 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 18 | BRFSS 2001 Pap Test Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1- 1 3- 1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3- 3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9- 1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, with Pap Test in the Last Three Years, Georgia 1993-2001 100 80 88.6 91.5 89.5 92.5 92.3 86.1 88.0 89.1 89.7 60 40 20 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 19 Blood Stool Test Blood Stool Test An estimated 3,280 new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in 2000, and an estimated 1,260 Georgians died from the disease. Removal of precancerous colorectal polyps and early detection will help to reduce the incidence and deaths from colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer screening is recommended for adults age 50 and older, and an annual home fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. The recommended FOBT detects blood that is not visible in a stool sample and consists of cards prepared at home from three consecutive stool samples which are then forwarded to a clinician for testing. Adults, age 50+ who had Blood Stool Test Using a Home Kit in the Last Two Years, Georgia, 2001: 32.4% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 50% The prevalence of blood stool testing is significantly higher among whites than blacks, and higher among adults with income $75,000 or more compared to adults with income less than $15,000. Adults 65 and older are more likely than adults 50-54 to have had a blood stool test and adults with access to medical care are more likely to have a test. Percent Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Income, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 20.8 0 Less than $15,000 28.7 $15,000$24,999 32.6 36.6 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 31.0 $50,000$74,999 38.5 $75,000 or more 20 | BRFSS 2001 Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Sex, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 32.2 0 Male 32.5 Female Sex Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 35.4 0 White 23.5 29.8 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 30.5 Other Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Age, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 26.0 31.5 37.0 0 50-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Adults, Age 50+, who Had Blood Stool Test At Home in Last Two Years, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 33.9 21.5 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Blood Stool Test Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who had Blood Stool Test at Home in Last Two Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 1 0- 0 3-5 3-2 3- 3 4-0 5- 2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who had Blood Stool Test at Home in Last Two Years, Georgia 1997- 2001 50 45 40 35 32.4 30 27.8 25 21.7 20 15 10 5 0 1997 1999 Year 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 21 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death among Georgia males and females. The risk for developing colorectal cancer increases with advancing age. Risk factors include inflammatory bowel disease; a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps; physical inactivity; a high fat or low fiber diet; and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables. Early detection of colorectal cancer can save lives. An effective tool for early detection is sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, an examination of the rectum and lower colon using a lighted tube. The American Cancer Society recommends that beginning at age 50 men and women should have sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or colonoscopy every 10 years. Adults, age 50+ who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy Examination: Georgia, 2001: 48.4% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 50% The prevalence of sigmoidoscopy/ colonoscopy significantly increases with age and is more common among those who had access to medical care and among those at the highest income compared to lowest income. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had 70 Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Sex, Georgia 2001 60 50 40 30 20 10 48.9 0 Male 48.0 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 51.1 0 White 42.0 41.9 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 35.6 Other Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had 70 Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Age, Georgia 2001 60 50 40 30 20 10 34.3 47.0 0 59.2 50-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent of adults, Age 50+, who had Colorectal Cancer Screening, Georgia 2001 70 70 60 60 50 50 Percent 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 39.8 44.8 41.7 51.5 50.8 55.8 10 0 Less than $15,000- $25,000- $35,000- $50,000- $75,000 or 0 $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 more Income Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 50.4 34.3 Yes No Access to Medical Care 22 | BRFSS 2001 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1- 2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, age 50 +, who Ever had Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, Georgia 1993-2001 60 50 45.8 48.1 47.4 48.4 39.8 40 30 20 10 0 1993 1995 1997 Year 1999 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 23 Cholesterol Screening Cholesterol Screening Cholesterol is a waxy or fat-like substance needed for the body to function normally. However, when there is too much cholesterol in the blood it can be deposited in the arterial wall. Cholesterol deposits build up slowly, but over time can cause heart attacks, strokes, and other vascular problems. Lowering blood cholesterol can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other vascular problems. Adults should have their cholesterol level checked at least every five years. Adults, who Ever had Blood Cholesterol Checked, Georgia 2001: 78.9% The prevalence of adults who ever had blood cholesterol checked was significantly more common in whites than blacks and more common among those with access to medical care. Adults at the highest income were more likely than other income levels to ever have cholesterol checked. Cholesterol screening prevalence increases as age increases. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood 100 Cholesterol Checked, by Sex, Georgia 2001 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 77.4 80.3 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood Cholesterol Checked, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 81.7 0 White 75.8 61.9 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 68.3 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood 100 Cholesterol Checked, by Age, Georgia 2001 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 57.0 63.3 82.6 86.9 90.3 94.0 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood Cholesterol Checked, by Income, Georgia 2001 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 72.8 73.5 75.6 78.8 81.5 87.2 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Income Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever Had Blood Cholesterol Checked, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 82.0 0 66.7 Yes No Access to Medical Care 24 | BRFSS 2001 Cholesterol Screening Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Ever had Blood Cholesterol Checked, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3- 1 3-4 10-0 3- 5 3- 2 3- 3 4- 0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8- 2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Ever had Blood Cholesterol Checked, Georgia, 1993-2001 100 90 80 70 66.5 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1993 75.8 77.5 72.4 1995 1997 Year 1999 78.9 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 25 Flu Shot Flu Shot Influenza and pneumonia are among the 10 leading causes of death in Georgia. Infection with the influenza virus is often resolved within two weeks, but can lead to serious or life-threatening disease in some people, especially the elderly or people with chronic health problems. Influenza vaccination, or a flu shot, can reduce much of the morbidity and mortality associated with the flu. People who are 65 years or older and people with chronic diseases such as asthma or diabetes should receive an influenza vaccine every fall. Adults, age 65+, Flu Shot in the Last Year, Georgia 2001: 62.2% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% Whites were significantly more likely than blacks to have a flu shot. The prevalence of flu shot increases as income increases and is more common among people who have access to medical care. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Sex, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 66.7 0 Male 59.3 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 70.0 0 White 34.7 86.8 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 41.3 Other Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Income, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 45.4 0 Less than $15,000 62.9 $15,000$24,999 67.0 71.6 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 72.1 $50,000$74,999 79.0 $75,000 or more 26 | BRFSS 2001 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 64.1 29.5 0 Yes No Access to Medical care Flu Shot Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3- 1 3-4 10-0 3- 5 3- 2 3- 3 4- 0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8- 2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, Georgia 1997-2001 100 90 80 70 63.1 63.6 62.2 58.5 57.0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1997 1998 1999 Year 2000 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 27 Pneumonia Immunization Pneumonia Immunization Influenza and pneumonia are among the 10 leading causes of death in Georgia, and pneumococcal disease is responsible for the most vaccinepreventable deaths in the United States. Pneumococcus bacteria can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and infections in the blood (septicemia). Adults older than 65 and people with chronic health problems like diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure are at especially high risk for infection. Penicillin was once an effective treatment for pneumococcal disease, but drug resistant strains of the bacteria have made prevention of infection though immunization vital. The vaccine can be given at any time of the year. Usually one dose is all that is needed. Adults, age 65+, Pneumonia Immunization, Georgia 2001: 57.9% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% The prevalence of pneumonia vaccination is significantly more common among whites than blacks and among people with access to medical care. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Sex, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 57.2 0 Male 58.4 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 65.8 0 White 28.8 77.9 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 56.2 Other Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Income, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 39.7 0 Less than $15,000 58.0 $15,000$24,999 65.5 67.2 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 61.9 $50,000$74,999 63.1 $75,000 or more Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 100 80 60 40 20 59.4 31.7 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care 28 | BRFSS 2001 Pneumonia Immunization Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3- 1 3-4 10-0 3- 5 3- 2 3- 3 4- 0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8- 2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia 1997-2001 100 80 60.2 57.9 60 48.5 50.4 49.7 40 20 0 1997 1998 1999 Year 2000 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 29 HIV Testing HIV Testing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and through intravenous drug use. People who become infected with the virus can be asymptomatic for long periods of time during which they can infect sexual and drug injection partners. Following infection with HIV, people develop AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system and leaves patients vulnerable to a wide variety of potentially fatal opportunistic infections. Testing for HIV infection is crucial to determine HIV status so that those infected can stop HIV transmission, begin treatment, and, in the case of pregnant women, reduce the risk of transmission to an unborn baby. Adults, Ages18-64, Tested for HIV, Georgia 2001: 54.7% The prevalence of HIV testing is significantly more common among blacks than whites, more common among adults ages 25-34 than any other age group, and more common among people with no access to medical care. Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Income, Georgia 2001 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 56.3 61.1 0 61.2 56.9 50.8 53.4 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Income Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Sex, Georgia 2001 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 54.3 0 Male 55.1 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 49.9 0 White 66.2 64.5 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 48.0 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Age, Georgia 2001 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 57.7 0 18-24 72.0 25-34 60.5 35-44 Age 43.2 45-54 27.5 55-64 Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 52.0 64.2 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 30 | BRFSS 2001 HIV Testing Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8- 2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9- 3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, Georgia 1993-2001 70 60 50 40 30 25.6 20 10 0 1993 37.2 1994 36.7 1995 52.2 41.2 33.6 1996 1997 Year 1998 55.4 1999 54.5 2000 54.7 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 31 Health Insurance Health Insurance Access to preventative services and health care can prevent or improve the outcomes of many diseases. Insurance coverage is a strong determining factor in whether people will have access to services like screenings, treatment, and health recommendations. Access to quality health care can help eliminate disparities in disease and disease outcomes and can improve the quality and length of life for people living in Georgia. Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by insufficient coverage. People who cannot afford to see a doctor or a health-care professional for either of these reasons are at risk for adverse health outcomes. Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia 2001: 13.8% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 0% The prevalence of adults with no health insurance is significantly higher among blacks than whites. Adults with household incomes less than $35,000 are less likely than those with higher incomes to have health insurance. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health 60 Insurance, by Sex, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 15.2 12.5 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 60 50 40 30 20 10 10.6 0 White 18.0 34.0 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 22.3 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Income, Georgia 2001 60 50 40 30 20 10 28.6 30.4 19.1 7.0 3.4 2.8 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Income Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Age, Georgia 2001 60 50 40 30 20 10 22.7 18.1 16.1 11.4 11.6 1.2 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent 32 | BRFSS 2001 Health Insurance Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1- 2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, Georgia 1993-2001 25 20 15 13.2 12.3 10.2 9.8 10 14.7 14.9 13.6 13.8 12.0 5 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 33 Disability Disability People living with disability may have difficulty performing functional activities or activities of daily living. Disability may require the use of special equipment like cane, crutches, or a walker. They may have a developmental disability. As a potentially underserved group, they may experience lack of access to health services and medical care and may be at increased risk for various conditions. Adults with Disability, Georgia, 2001: 15.5 % The prevalence of disability increases with age and decreases as income increases. Adults with a disability are more likely to smoke, be inactive, and be overweight or obese. They are also more likely to have frequent mental distress and fair or poor health. Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+,with Disability, by Income, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 34.0 19.7 12.9 10.4 11.0 9.6 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Income 34 | BRFSS 2001 Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Sex, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 13.8 0 Male 17.1 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 16.4 0 White 14.1 14.2 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 11.8 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Age, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 7.9 0 6.4 11.6 19.5 24.3 28.4 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 40 30 20 10 14.9 0 Yes 18.0 No Access to Medical Care Disability Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Disability, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3- 3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Risk Factors for Chronic Disease and Health Status, by Disability Status, Adults 18+, Georgia 2001 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 28.2 22.8 0 Smoking 44.0 24.0 No Leisure Time Physical Activity Disability No Disability 9.0 12.4 Binge Drinking 67.4 57.9 Overweight/Obese 52.7 8.9 Fair/Poor Health 22.7 9.5 Mental Distress BRFSS 2001 | 35 Fair or Poor Health Fair or Poor Health According to a 1948 World Health Organization statement, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeingnot merely the absence of disease, or infirmity." Self-perception of health status is useful for identifying health disparities and tracking population trends that questions about specific diseases cannot measure. Individual perceptions of health are useful as outcome measures and predictors to identify vulnerable subgroups within populations. This information can be used to improve the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities. Adults who Report their Health Status as Fair or Poor, Georgia 2001: 15.9% The prevalence of adults with fair or poor health is significantly higher among blacks than whites, more common among older adults than younger adults, more common among adults with lower household income than higher incomes, and more common among those with no access to medical care. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Income, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 40.9 20.9 16.0 9.5 7.8 5.9 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Income Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Sex, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 14.9 0 Male 16.8 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 14.3 0 White 20.1 12.0 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 12.1 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Age, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 7.6 0 6.5 10.5 16.8 27.2 34.0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2001 50 40 30 20 10 14.0 0 23.3 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 36 | BRFSS 2001 Fair or Poor Health Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6- 0 5- 1 7- 0 8-2 9- 2 8-1 9-1 9- 3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, Georgia 1993-2001 25 20 15 13.7 15.0 12.3 15.9 15.9 15.1 15.2 11.4 10 8.9 5 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 37 Frequent Mental Distress Frequent Mental Distress Mental health is necessary for successful performance of mental function and is characterized by productive activities, fulfilling relationships, coping skills, and the ability to adapt to change. It is critical for personal well-being and healthy family and interpersonal relationships. Mental distress can affect health-related quality of life, a measure of individual well-being, and may be related to health behaviors that contribute to chronic disease and disability. Serious mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, major depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, can be very disabling. There are effective treatments for mental disorders, and appropriate, quality mental health services can improve mental health status. Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, Georgia 2001: 11.6% The prevalence of frequent mental distress is significantly more common among those with no access to medical care. Adults 65 and older are significantly less likely than adults under 45 to have frequent mental distress. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, by Income, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 21.5 15.0 12.9 8.4 10.0 6.6 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Income Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental 30 Distress, by Sex, Georgia 2001 25 20 15 10 5 9.8 0 Male 13.2 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 10.8 0 White 14.9 2.3 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 8.9 Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, by Age, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 14.1 13.6 12.2 11.1 9.9 7.3 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, Georgia 2001 30 25 20 15 10 5 9.6 0 19.8 Yes No Access to Medical Care Percent 38 | BRFSS 2001 Frequent Mental Distress Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, by Health District, Georgia, 2001 1- 2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3- 4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5- 1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Frequent Mental Distress, Georgia 1993-2001 25 20 15 10 7.8 5 0 1993 8.6 1994 7.7 1995 5.2 1996 10.0 8.3 1997 Year 1998 9.2 1999 10.4 2000 11.6 2001 BRFSS 2001 | 39 Data Tables Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age (diabetes only) 18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Access to Medical Care Yes No District 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Overweight or Obese n % 95% CI 4286 59.4 57.5 - 61.3 1692 65.3 62.3 - 68.3 2594 53.6 51.2 - 55.9 2906 56.9 1088 68.0 71 56.5 164 50.2 54.7 - 59.1 64.2 - 71.8 41.6 - 71.5 39.7 - 60.7 398 40.5 34.1 - 47.0 849 58.4 54.2 - 62.6 971 61.4 57.5 - 65.2 868 66.4 62.5 - 70.3 539 71.4 66.7 - 76.2 633 56.7 52.1 - 61.3 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 453 63.3 56.7 - 70.0 657 61.0 56.2 - 65.8 602 55.5 50.2 - 60.9 695 65.3 60.6 - 69.9 628 58.0 53.3 - 62.7 682 55.4 51.0 - 59.8 3423 58.6 56.5 - 60.7 858 62.9 58.5 - 67.3 253 60.1 53.3-67.0 221 62.4 55.0-69.8 219 60.3 52.9-67.7 227 57.7 49.6-65.7 217 51.4 43.3-59.5 216 65.5 56.6-74.4 222 54.9 47.5-62.3 205 53.5 45.0-62.0 242 66.2 59.6-72.8 217 63.6 55.9-71.2 234 58.8 51.3-66.3 232 64.4 57.4-71.3 243 65.7 58.2-73.1 204 58.0 49.7-66.3 234 68.2 61.3-75.0 217 56.4 48.9-63.9 245 64.2 57.1-71.4 228 62.2 54.8-69.6 210 52.8 44.5-61.1 High Blood Pressure n % 95% CI 4524 26.9 25.3 - 28.5 1720 25.7 23.1 - 28.2 2804 28.1 26.1 - 30.1 3042 1170 79 173 26.3 30.5 19.5 18.0 24.4 - 28.3 27.2 - 33.9 9.1 - 29.9 11.3 - 24.7 413 881 1030 907 568 682 7.7 10.4 19.5 31.7 49.1 54.1 4.8 - 10.6 7.7 -13.0 16.1 - 22.8 28.1 - 35.3 43.9 - 54.3 49.6 - 58.6 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 480 43.0 36.4 - 49.5 675 30.0 25.8 - 34.3 625 28.1 23.4 - 32.8 726 22.8 19.0 - 26.5 655 23.6 19.9 - 27.4 699 17.2 14.0 - 20.4 3620 27.1 25.3 - 28.8 895 26.5 22.5 - 30.5 267 28.7 22.4 - 35.0 228 28.8 22.2 - 35.5 231 19.4 14.2 - 24.5 239 16.7 11.5 - 21.9 227 22.1 15.5 - 28.8 232 27.7 19.6 - 35.9 239 27.3 21.0 - 33.5 216 18.1 12.3 - 23.9 255 29.9 23.5 - 36.2 234 34.2 27.0 - 41.3 252 34.6 28.0 - 41.2 238 26.5 20.1 - 32.9 248 31.2 23.9 - 38.4 215 36.8 29.2 - 44.4 246 29.1 22.0 - 36.3 230 23.7 17.7 - 29.6 260 27.0 21.0 - 33.1 248 21.2 15.8 - 26.5 219 24.8 18.7 - 30.8 Diabetes n % 95% CI 4525 6.9 6.0 - 7.7 Asthma n % 95% CI 4516 7.2 6.2-8.3 1722 6.5 5.2 - 7.8 2803 7.2 6.1 - 8.3 1714 6.1 4.5-7.6 2802 8.3 6.9-9.7 3043 6.3 1172 8.7 78 6.9 172 4.5 5.3 - 7.3 6.8 - 10.6 1.2 - 12.6 0.5 - 8.5 3035 6.9 5.8-8.0 1169 8.5 6.0-10.9 79 4.2 0.4-8.1 172 6.6 0.0-13.2 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 410 8.1 4.4-11.7 880 7.2 4.8-9.5 1029 6.7 4.9-8.6 907 6.5 4.2-8.9 568 8.5 5.3-11.6 679 7.0 4.6-9.3 1295 1.4 0.8 - 2.1 na 1027 2.9 1.8 - 4.0 na 909 8.2 6.2 - 10.2 na 569 16.0 12.1 - 19.8 na 682 16.2 12.9 - 19.5 na na na na na na na na na na na 480 14.5 10.5 - 18.6 479 13.1 8.7-17.4 675 8.0 5.9 - 10.2 674 8.0 5.3-10.8 625 5.2 2.9 - 7.5 622 8.9 5.3-12.6 726 6.9 4.5 - 9.4 723 4.5 2.1-6.8 653 5.6 3.5 - 7.6 653 4.8 2.9-6.8 701 3.8 2.4 - 5.3 699 7.3 4.9-9.8 3623 7.0 6.1 - 8.0 893 6.3 4.2 - 8.3 3613 6.4 5.3-7.4 893 10.7 7.5-13.8 267 10.0 5.5-14.4 228 9.4 5.1-13.7 231 5.8 2.6-9.0 238 3.1 0.8-5.4 228 4.1 1.2-6.9 232 8.2 3.5-13.0 239 6.2 2.8-9.5 216 4.7 1.7-7.7 254 5.7 2.8-8.6 233 8.9 5.0-12.7 252 7.8 4.1-11.5 237 5.5 2.3-8.7 251 9.1 5.3-12.9 214 9.9 4.7-15.1 246 8.1 4.3-11.9 230 8.6 4.8-12.4 261 9.2 5.4-13.1 248 4.6 2.1-7.1 220 6.4 3.1-9.6 265 7.8 4.0-11.7 226 6.5 2.0-11.1 231 7.0 3.4-10.5 239 3.6 1.3-6.0 225 7.7 3.1-12.4 232 7.2 1.5-12.9 239 8.6 3.9-13.4 216 8.8 3.9-13.6 255 6.8 3.5-10.1 233 6.8 3.0-10.5 252 5.9 2.7-9.1 236 7.6 3.9-11.2 250 5.6 2.8-8.4 216 9.7 5.4-14.1 245 9.8 4.5-15.1 230 6.1 2.7-9.6 260 10.4 6.1-14.6 247 4.7 2.1-7.2 219 5.6 1.3-9.9 Cigarette Smoking n % 95% CI 4508 23.7 22.1-25.3 1710 25.7 23.1-28.3 2798 21.8 20.0-23.7 3030 1167 79 172 25.1 21.0 25.9 21.0 23.2-27.0 17.8-24.2 13.0-38.9 13.7-28.3 411 878 1028 905 563 680 30.3 20.7 28.8 28.0 19.7 12.0 24.3-36.2 17.4-23.9 25.4-32.3 24.5-31.5 15.7-23.7 9.1-14.9 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 479 27.4 22.2-32.6 674 28.1 24.0-32.2 622 25.6 21.0-30.3 724 24.7 20.6-28.9 649 23.3 19.3-27.4 699 17.4 14.0-20.9 3606 20.5 18.8-22.1 894 36.7 32.5-40.8 265 31.4 24.8-38.1 226 28.1 21.2-34.9 230 23.5 17.2-29.7 238 16.6 11.0-22.1 228 22.1 15.5-28.7 232 25.1 18.7-31.5 239 29.2 22.3-36.1 213 18.5 12.3-24.6 254 22.7 16.8-28.5 233 24.1 17.2-31.1 251 28.0 20.9-35.1 238 26.0 19.6-32.4 249 18.8 12.0-25.6 215 24.0 17.3-30.7 245 19.1 13.6-24.7 227 26.3 19.9-32.7 261 32.2 25.3-39.0 245 28.1 21.8-34.4 219 24.6 17.6-31.7 40 | BRFSS 2001 Data Tables Physical Activity Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other n % 95% CI 4523 27.3 25.6 - 28.9 1721 23.5 21.0 - 26.0 2802 30.7 28.6 - 32.8 3039 1173 79 172 23.6 21.8 - 25.4 34.7 31.2 - 38.2 26.8 12.9 - 40.6 32.7 22.6 - 42.8 Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 413 880 1029 909 19.2 14.5 -23.8 21.7 18.2 - 25.2 23.2 20.0 - 26.3 29.8 26.1 - 33.4 55-64 568 65+ 681 Age (mammography only) 40-44 na 45-54 na 36.7 31.5 - 41.9 37.4 33.1 - 41.7 na na na na 55-64 65+ Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 na na na na na na 480 46.3 39.7 - 52.8 677 38.0 33.3 - 42.7 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Access to Medical Care Yes No District 1-1 1-2 621 31.7 26.6 - 36.9 725 25.4 21.3 - 29.5 654 21.2 17.3 - 25.1 701 11.1 8.4 - 13.7 3618 24.6 22.9 - 26.3 895 37.8 33.4 - 42.1 267 35.2 28.5-41.8 228 24.8 18.5-31.1 2-0 230 26.7 20.2-33.2 3-1 239 15.6 10.8-20.4 3-2 226 21.1 14.7-27.6 3-3 232 31.5 23.4-39.7 3-4 239 22.7 16.6-28.7 3-5 216 24.6 17.3-31.9 4-0 255 25.7 19.8-31.5 5-1 234 28.8 22.2-35.4 5-2 252 27.1 21.0-33.2 6-0 238 30.0 23.5-36.5 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 251 25.5 19.6-31.5 215 32.8 25.2-40.3 245 33.8 26.8-40.8 230 27.7 21.2-34.3 261 35.2 28.5-42.0 245 26.6 19.0-34.1 220 28.4 21.2-35.6 Binge Drinking n % 95% CI 4424 11.9 10.5 - 13.2 1666 18.6 16.2 - 21.1 2758 5.7 4.5 - 6.9 2983 1139 77 170 12.1 10.8 15.9 12.0 10.5 - 13.6 8.0 - 13.7 6.2 - 25.6 5.3 - 18.7 404 865 1005 889 557 663 23.8 15.0 14.9 9.3 5.0 1.5 17.7 - 29.9 12.1 - 17.8 12.0 - 17.8 6.8 - 11.7 2.7 - 7.4 0.2 - 2.7 na na na na na na na na na na na na 470 12.7 7.4 - 18.0 660 11.6 8.0 - 15.3 609 12.0 7.9 - 16.1 711 11.6 8.5 - 14.6 645 10.7 7.8 - 13.5 691 14.9 11.5 - 18.3 3543 10.9 9.5 - 12.3 871 15.8 12.4 - 19.2 260 8.7 4.3 - 13.2 223 9.7 4.8 - 14.6 221 7.1 2.7 - 11.6 233 17.2 11.1 - 23.3 222 18.2 11.9 - 24.5 226 8.9 4.6 - 13.3 236 7.4 3.9 - 10.8 213 14.5 8.5 - 20.6 252 10.2 5.6 - 14.8 230 11.5 5.9 - 17.2 247 16.9 10.1 - 23.6 233 9.8 5.4 - 14.3 245 11.3 5.9 - 16.6 206 8.3 3.8 - 12.8 239 12.4 7.4 - 17.4 225 17.0 11.7 - 22.4 256 10.8 6.4 - 15.3 241 11.7 7.0 - 16.3 216 13.9 7.3 - 20.5 Mammography n % 95% CI 1622 79.5 77.2 - 81.7 na na na na na na 1158 379 26 47 78.3 75.5 - 81.0 84.1 80.1 - 88.2 81.7 64.4 - 99.0 66.9 50.0 - 83.8 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 308 70.6 64.7 - 76.6 523 82.2 78.6 - 85.7 361 83.9 78.8 - 89.0 430 79.2 75.0 - 83.4 215 66.3 58.7 - 73.8 267 71.8 65.6 - 78.0 180 81.3 75.2 - 87.4 229 82.6 77.1 - 88.0 225 84.1 78.8 - 89.4 217 84.2 77.7 - 90.6 1353 81.9 79.5 - 84.3 266 66.1 59.4 - 72.9 103 69.7 59.5-79.8 93 73.9 63.6-84.2 97 68.0 56.8-79.2 87 86.3 78.8-93.8 62 85.2 75.7-94.8 70 83.3 74.5-92.0 81 91.2 85.1-97.2 73 81.9 72.6-91.2 91 77.1 68.0-86.3 93 70.9 60.6-81.1 106 83.1 75.0-91.2 82 86.2 78.2-94.2 96 82.0 73.1-90.8 73 67.5 55.2-79.8 90 75.1 65.6-84.5 72 79.6 68.1-91.0 100 72.4 62.8-81.9 68 83.6 75.1-92.2 85 69.2 55.7-82.6 Pap Test n % 95% CI 1950 89.7 88.0 - 91.4 na na na na na na 1259 558 40 69 88.3 86.0 - 90.6 94.0 91.6 - 96.3 88.9 78.3 - 99.5 84.7 75.6 - 93.9 247 89.6 85.1 - 94.1 495 93.9 91.4 - 96.3 505 91.4 88.6 - 94.3 331 89.6 85.8 - 93.4 162 82.0 71.7 - 92.3 189 80.8 74.7 - 86.8 na na na na na na na na na na na na 204 81.6 75.6 - 87.6 308 86.0 81.5 - 90.4 301 91.6 87.8 - 95.2 312 92.8 89.6 - 96.0 282 94.3 91.0 - 97.7 276 95.2 91.3 - 99.0 1531 91.4 89.6 - 93.2 414 83.4 79.1 - 87.7 106 90.1 83.5 - 96.8 96 92.8 87.4 - 98.3 101 87.1 78.9 - 95.2 111 92.1 86.5 - 97.6 104 89.1 81.3 - 96.9 117 89.1 81.9 - 96.3 103 93.4 87.4 - 99.3 105 91.6 84.8 - 98.4 116 88.7 81.7 - 95.6 87 95.4 91.2 - 99.6 100 89.0 81.8 - 96.2 109 93.1 88.2 - 97.9 107 89.2 82.2 - 96.3 96 84.6 76.6 - 92.6 93 91.3 85.9 - 96.7 100 80.3 70.7 - 89.8 101 88.7 82.0 - 95.3 101 95.0 91.0 - 99.0 97 79.2 67.1 - 91.3 BRFSS 2001 | 41 Data Tables Blood Stool Test Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy Cholesterol Flu Shot Pneumonia Immunization n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI Total 1608 32.4 29.6 - 35.2 1668 48.4 45.5 - 51.3 4425 78.9 77.3 - 80.6 682 62.2 57.9 - 66.6 660 57.9 53.4-62.4 Sex Male 574 32.2 27.7 - 36.8 591 48.9 44.1 - 53.6 1687 77.4 74.7 - 80.2 225 66.7 59.8 - 73.6 213 57.2 49.5-64.8 Female 1034 32.5 29.0 - 36.0 1077 48.0 44.4 - 51.7 2738 80.3 78.3 - 82.3 457 59.3 53.8 - 64.7 447 58.4 52.8-63.9 Race/Ethnicity White 1216 35.4 32.1 - 38.7 1255 51.1 47.8 - 54.5 2976 81.7 79.9 - 83.4 527 70.0 65.5 - 74.4 513 65.8 61.0-70.6 Black 311 23.5 17.6 - 29.4 327 42.0 35.3 - 48.7 1150 75.8 72.2 - 79.4 128 34.7 24.9 -44.4 122 28.8 19.1-38.4 Hispanic 18 29.8 6.6 - 52.9 18 41.9 16.1 - 67.6 76 61.9 46.0 - 77.7 4 86.8 60.5-100.0 4 77.9 38.0-100.0 Other 43 30.5 12.5 - 48.5 45 35.6 19.2 - 52.1 167 68.3 57.8 - 78.7 14 41.3 13.7 - 69.0 12 56.2 26.2-86.2 Age 18-24 na na na na na na 389 57.0 50.4 - 63.6 na na na na na na 25-34 na na na na na na 861 63.3 58.9 - 67.7 na na na na na na 35-44 na na na na na na 1013 82.6 79.8 - 85.5 na na na na na na 45-54 na na na na na na 900 86.9 83.8 - 89.9 na na na na na na 55-64 na na na na na na 558 90.3 86.4 - 94.1 na na na na na na 65+ na na na na na na 662 94.0 91.7 - 96.2 na na na na na na Age (colon cancer screening/blood stool test) 50-54 418 26.0 20.7 - 31.4 419 34.3 28.7 - 39.8 na na na na na na na na na 55-64 544 31.5 26.6 - 36.3 557 47.0 41.7 - 52.2 na na na na na na na na na 65+ 646 37.0 32.5 - 41.4 655 59.2 54.8 - 63.6 na na na na na na na na na Income Less than $15,000 225 20.8 14.5 - 27.0 233 39.8 32.2 - 47.4 464 72.8 65.7 - 79.8 133 45.4 35.0 -55.8 130 39.7 29.7-49.6 $15,000-$24,999 259 28.7 21.8 - 35.6 269 44.8 37.5 - 52.1 655 73.5 69.1 - 77.8 131 62.9 53.0 - 72.8 129 58.0 47.9-68.0 $25,000-$34,999 187 32.6 24.3 - 40.9 190 41.7 33.2 - 50.3 613 75.6 70.5 - 80.7 76 67.0 54.0 - 80.0 74 65.5 52.3-78.6 $35,000-$49,999 209 36.6 28.5 - 44.6 210 51.5 43.2 - 59.9 713 78.8 74.6 - 83.1 72 71.6 59.7 - 83.5 68 67.2 53.8-80.6 $50,000-$74,999 200 31.0 23.4 - 38.6 204 50.8 42.6 - 59.0 645 81.5 77.6 - 85.5 41 72.1 57.1 - 87.1 39 61.9 45.3-78.4 $75,000 or More 206 38.5 30.4 - 46.6 212 55.8 47.7 - 63.9 692 87.2 84.0 - 90.4 34 79.0 63.4 - 94.7 34 63.1 44.4-81.8 Access to Medical Care Yes 1391 33.9 30.9 - 37.0 1437 50.4 47.2 - 53.5 3546 82.0 80.2 - 83.8 642 64.1 59.7 - 68.4 623 59.4 54.8-64.0 No 213 21.5 14.1 - 28.8 228 34.3 26.2 -42.4 871 66.7 62.4 - 71.0 37 29.5 11.6 - 47.4 36 31.7 13.2-50.2 District 1-1 111 21.0 12.6 - 29.4 114 39.1 28.6 - 49.6 261 74.5 68.0 - 81.0 42 59.4 42.5 - 76.2 40 53.2 34.8-71.6 1-2 89 42.5 30.7 - 54.2 95 50.0 38.5 - 61.4 222 82.0 75.2 - 88.7 30 75.0 57.8 - 92.3 29 74.6 57.0-92.1 2-0 92 32.5 21.6 - 43.5 98 47.5 36.0 - 59.0 228 74.4 67.6 - 81.2 45 70.3 56.0 - 84.5 44 53.3 37.2-69.3 3-1 66 40.4 25.3 - 55.5 70 48.8 34.2 - 63.4 235 81.3 75.5 - 87.1 23 52.9 27.8 - 78.1 23 71.4 49.7-93.1 3-2 63 49.2 35.3 - 63.1 63 59.5 45.4 - 73.6 220 79.2 72.0 - 86.4 28 54.9 35.2 - 74.5 27 53.6 33.4-73.7 3-3 57 28.2 14.5 - 42.0 63 43.5 29.2 - 57.7 230 75.9 70.3 - 81.5 19 39.5 15.2 - 63.8 19 54.1 29.2-78.9 3-4 67 41.8 28.1 - 55.5 69 54.0 40.1 - 67.9 237 78.5 72.2 - 84.7 24 76.9 58.1 - 95.8 24 69.7 49.7-89.7 3-5 68 36.6 24.0 - 49.2 75 63.4 51.1 - 75.6 213 74.4 65.5 - 83.3 29 52.5 32.1 - 72.8 30 44.4 24.9-63.8 4-0 92 31.8 21.1 - 42.6 91 49.4 38.1 - 60.7 246 82.8 77.4 - 88.1 45 69.4 55.4 - 83.4 44 58.0 41.7-74.2 5-1 96 18.8 10.5 - 27.0 102 36.5 26.2 - 46.7 229 77.1 70.1 - 84.1 48 61.9 46.8 - 77.0 46 47.1 31.2-62.9 5-2 103 23.6 14.5 - 32.6 111 38.3 28.2 - 48.3 247 84.3 78.7 - 89.9 44 72.1 58.5 - 85.7 42 63.3 46.8-79.9 6-0 73 18.3 8.3 - 28.2 77 41.8 29.8 - 53.8 230 80.5 74.4 - 86.7 30 72.3 55.1 - 89.5 30 68.0 48.4-87.6 7-0 97 22.1 12.2 - 31.9 101 42.4 31.4 - 53.4 241 78.6 71.3 - 86.0 38 56.8 39.7 - 73.8 38 41.8 24.6-59.0 8-1 80 22.8 12.5 - 33.1 84 37.5 25.7 - 49.4 210 77.2 69.7 - 84.7 35 41.5 22.3 - 60.6 32 30.3 13.2-47.5 8-2 88 32.2 21.3 - 43.1 92 37.0 25.9 - 48.2 239 73.9 66.6 - 81.3 46 68.1 53.9 - 82.4 44 67.9 52.8-83.1 9-1 81 37.5 25.8 - 49.1 87 58.5 47.2 - 69.8 226 83.5 77.6 - 89.5 40 57.4 40.6 - 74.1 39 54.5 37.3-71.6 9-2 105 34.7 24.3 - 45.1 110 40.1 29.9 - 50.2 256 76.0 70.1 - 82.0 43 53.8 37.3 - 70.3 41 62.7 46.2-79.2 9-3 75 22.7 12.6 - 32.7 79 50.6 38.8 - 62.5 244 76.2 68.9 - 83.5 33 75.4 58.9 - 92.0 33 53.5 35.4-71.5 10-0 88 24.4 14.5 - 34.2 87 43.6 31.1 - 56.0 211 76.9 69.5 - 84.3 4 0 58.6 41.2 - 76.1 35 55.2 36.6-73.8 42 | BRFSS 2001 Data Tables Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Access to Medical Care Yes No District 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 HIV Testing n % 95% CI 3589 54.7 52.6-56.9 1412 54.3 50.9-57.7 2177 55.1 52.5-57.8 2341 49.9 982 66.2 73 64.5 147 48.0 47.3-52.4 62.3-70.1 50.7-78.3 37.1-58.8 399 57.7 51.1-64.3 856 72.0 68.0-75.9 993 60.5 56.6-64.4 827 43.2 39.1-47.2 514 27.5 22.6-32.4 na na na 317 56.3 47.4-65.1 514 61.1 55.7-66.5 511 61.2 55.5-66.9 618 56.9 51.6-62.2 589 50.8 45.8-55.9 637 53.4 48.8-58.0 2773 52.0 49.6-54.4 810 64.2 59.7-68.6 204 48.4 40.5 - 56.2 182 46.6 38.2 - 55.1 174 51.1 42.6 - 59.6 203 58.2 50.0 - 66.3 185 52.8 43.9 - 61.8 198 62.1 52.4 - 71.8 201 49.9 41.7 - 58.1 176 66.6 57.8 - 75.4 201 46.7 39.0 - 54.3 175 44.8 35.7 - 54.0 189 56.5 48.4 - 64.6 191 55.2 47.1 - 63.3 197 64.8 57.2 - 72.3 167 66.1 58.1 - 74.2 187 64.7 56.8 - 72.7 183 57.7 49.5 - 65.9 203 59.8 51.8 - 67.8 201 66.1 58.7 - 73.4 172 47.3 38.5 - 56.1 Health Insurance n % 95% CI 4522 13.8 12.4 - 15.2 1719 15.2 12.8 - 17.6 2803 12.5 10.9 - 14.1 3041 1171 79 171 10.6 18.0 34.0 22.3 9.2 - 12.1 15.0 - 21.1 18.5 - 49.5 12.7 - 31.9 411 881 1028 909 569 681 22.7 18.1 16.1 11.4 11.6 1.2 17.1 - 28.3 14.6 - 21.5 12.9 - 19.3 8.4 - 14.4 8.5 - 14.7 0.3 - 2.2 481 28.6 22.3 - 34.9 677 30.4 25.6 - 35.2 625 19.1 14.3 - 23.9 726 7.0 4.5 - 9.5 653 3.4 1.9 - 4.9 701 2.8 1.2 - 4.4 na na na na na na 267 12.9 8.1 - 17.6 228 12.6 7.2 - 17.9 231 15.4 9.5 - 21.2 239 7.8 3.1 - 12.5 228 14.2 8.3 - 20.0 232 9.9 3.9 - 15.8 239 11.7 6.6 - 16.8 215 14.6 8.1 - 21.0 255 10.5 6.4 - 14.6 233 11.3 6.3 - 16.4 251 12.5 7.2 - 17.8 237 15.3 9.9 - 20.6 250 11.1 6.4 - 15.8 215 19.1 12.5 - 25.6 246 19.4 12.9 - 25.9 230 14.4 9.4 - 19.4 261 25.4 18.9 - 31.8 246 17.5 10.5 - 24.5 219 13.2 7.1 - 19.4 Disability n % 95% CI 4490 15.5 14.3 - 16.7 Fair or Poor Health Frequent Mental Distress n % 95% CI n % 95% CI 4516 15.9 14.6 - 17.2 4413 11.6 10.3 -12.9 1708 13.8 11.9 -15.7 1718 14.9 12.8 - 17.0 1684 9.8 7.6 - 12.0 2782 17.1 15.4 - 18.7 2798 16.8 15.2 - 18.4 2729 13.2 11.7 - 14.7 3024 1159 79 170 16.4 14.1 14.2 11.8 14.9 - 17.9 11.7 - 16.5 5.3 - 23.0 6.4 - 17.2 3036 1167 79 173 14.3 12.9 - 15.7 20.1 16.9 - 23.3 12.0 3.5 - 20.6 12.1 7.0 - 17.1 2975 1137 78 168 10.8 14.9 2.3 8.9 9.4 - 12.2 11.6 - 18.1 0.1 - 4.5 4.1 - 13.6 410 881 1020 901 565 674 7.9 6.4 11.6 19.5 24.3 28.4 5.0 - 10.8 4.4 - 8.4 9.4 - 13.9 16.5 - 22.6 20.1 - 28.4 24.5 - 32.3 413 881 1027 910 566 676 7.6 3.5 - 11.7 6.5 4.5 - 8.4 10.5 8.2 - 12.9 16.8 13.9 - 19.7 27.2 22.7 - 31.7 34.0 29.8 - 38.2 403 873 1010 894 551 641 14.1 13.6 12.2 11.1 9.9 7.3 9.5 - 18.8 9.9 - 17.2 9.8 - 14.6 8.7 - 13.6 6.4 - 13.4 5.1 - 9.4 474 34.0 28.3 - 39.7 479 40.9 34.7 - 47.1 455 21.5 15.3 - 27.7 673 19.7 16.0 - 23.4 674 20.9 17.1 - 24.7 649 15.0 11.5 - 18.5 622 12.9 9.8 - 16.0 622 16.0 11.6 - 20.5 617 12.9 8.6 - 17.1 722 10.4 7.8 - 13.0 723 9.5 7.0 - 12.1 717 8.4 5.5 - 11.3 653 11.0 8.1 - 13.8 654 7.8 5.2 - 10.5 651 10.0 6.9 - 13.1 700 9.6 7.3 - 12.0 700 5.9 4.0 - 7.9 699 6.6 4.3 - 8.8 3593 14.9 13.5 - 16.2 3611 14.0 12.6 - 15.4 3541 9.6 8.2 - 11.0 887 18.0 15.0 - 21.0 895 23.3 19.8 - 26.8 862 19.8 16.4 - 23.1 265 14.9 10.0 - 19.7 266 16.8 11.8 - 21.8 255 10.8 6.8 - 14.7 227 17.2 11.7 - 22.6 228 22.3 16.1 - 28.5 219 10.8 6.2 - 15.5 230 14.6 9.9 - 19.4 231 14.8 9.6 - 20.0 230 8.1 4.0 - 12.2 236 13.1 8.4 - 17.7 239 7.2 3.2 - 11.2 238 12.9 6.4 - 19.3 222 9.9 5.6 - 14.1 227 10.4 6.1 - 14.7 222 11.5 6.9 - 16.2 229 13.0 7.8 - 18.1 232 11.9 7.1 - 16.8 229 13.3 6.7 - 19.9 237 11.7 7.1 - 16.3 235 14.4 9.3 - 19.4 236 11.2 6.0 - 16.4 215 10.0 5.8 - 14.2 215 9.5 5.3 - 13.7 215 13.7 6.0 - 21.4 253 17.9 12.6 - 23.1 254 15.6 11.0 - 20.2 250 10.3 6.4 - 14.1 231 13.9 9.1 - 18.6 233 22.5 16.2 - 28.8 222 7.3 4.2 - 10.5 251 17.1 12.0 - 22.2 252 16.3 10.4 - 22.3 248 10.9 5.2 - 16.6 237 16.7 11.4 - 22.1 237 16.4 11.0 - 21.8 232 13.2 8.3 - 18.1 248 19.5 13.8 - 25.3 251 23.0 16.8 - 29.1 239 16.8 11.3 - 22.4 215 14.5 9.6 - 19.3 215 19.0 12.6 - 25.3 212 13.1 7.2 - 19.1 246 16.3 11.2 - 21.5 246 20.3 14.5 - 26.0 240 10.7 6.3 - 15.1 228 16.3 11.1 - 21.4 229 14.0 9.1 - 18.9 226 12.0 7.3 - 16.8 260 24.1 18.1 - 30.1 260 20.0 14.7 - 25.3 245 9.5 5.4 - 13.7 241 14.4 9.5 - 19.2 247 13.5 9.0 - 18.1 240 9.1 5.4 - 12.8 219 19.8 13.6 - 25.9 219 14.6 9.8 - 19.4 215 13.7 7.8 - 19.5 BRFSS 2001 | 43 Methods Georgia has been conducting the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 1984. In 2001, approximately 378 Georgia residents age 18 and older were interviewed each month by telephone about health conditions, behaviors, and the use of preventive services. The total sample size was 4,532. The 2001 BRFSS used a Disproportionate Stratified Sample (DSS) design. Telephone numbers were classified into two strata based on the presumed density of residential telephone numbers. Telephone numbers in the high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than numbers in the low-density strata. The sample was further stratified to yield approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of the 19 Health Districts in Georgia (see page 1). of the non-institutional households in Georgia. The questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers, and data were entered during the interview via computer using CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) software. Households without telephones (approximately 8% of households in Georgia) and households that use cellular telephones only are not represented in the sampling frame. At the end of the year, data from the monthly surveys were compiled and weighted to represent the age-, race-, and sex-distribution of the adult population in Georgia and to compensate for an individual's probability of selection. Weighting also adjusts for non-response to the extent that non-responders are similar to responders. Estimates for the Health Districts were weighted to the 2000 census population of the District. Analysis for this report was performed using statistical software that accounts for the complex survey sample design. The 2001 BRFSS questionnaire covered a range of topics, including health status, health care access, asthma, diabetes, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, breast and cervical cancer screening, colorectal cancer screening, hypertension, cholesterol, immunization, HIV/ AIDS, and demographic information. Participation was random, anonymous, and confidential. Respondents were randomly selected from among the adult members The estimated percent of the population with the risk factor is shown in the bar charts for each risk factor (e.g. 65.3% of men and 53.6% of women are overweight or obese). Confidence interval values are shown with the prevalence estimates in the Data Tables on pages 40-43. Significant differences among demographic groups were identified by comparing confidence interval overlap. 44 | BRFSS 2001 Definitions Georgia BRFSS Risk Factor Definitions Overweight or Obese: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 25.0. BMI is measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. High Blood Pressure: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have high blood pressure. Diabetes: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes. Asthma: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have asthma and still have asthma. Cigarette Smoking: Adults who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who are current smokers. No Leisure Time Physical Activity: Adults who did not participate in any physical activities or exercise during the past 30 days. Binge Drinking: Adults who had 5 or more drinks on an occasion during the past 30 days. Mammography: Adult women, age 40 and older, who had a mammogram within the past two years. Pap Test: Adult women, who have not had a hysterectomy, who had a Pap smear within the past three years. Blood Stool Test: Adults, age 50 and older, who had blood stool test using a home kit within the past two years. Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy: Adults, age 50 and older, who ever had sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy examination. Cholesterol Screening: Adults who have ever had blood cholesterol checked. Flu Shot: Adults, age 65 and older, who have had a flu shot within the past 12 months. Pneumonia Immunization: Adults, age 65 and older, who have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. HIV/AIDS Testing: Adults, age 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV. Health Insurance: Adults who have no health care plan. Disability: Adults who have activity limitation because of physical, mental, or emotional problems or who require the use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone. Fair or Poor Health: Adults who self-reported their health status as fair or poor (on a scale of excellent, very good, good, fair or poor). Frequent Mental Distress: Adults who reported mental health, including stress, depression, and problems with emotions, was not good on 14 or more of the past 30 days. Race/Ethnicity: Race/ethnicity is based on response to questions about race and Hispanic origin. Income: Annual household income from all sources. Access to Medical Care: Adults with no access to medical care have no health insurance or were not able to see a doctor because of cost within the last year. BRBFRSFSSS2020010|04|53 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System If you would like more information, visit the BRFSS web sites at: health.state.ga.us/epi/brfss/index.shtml www.cdc.gov/brfss/ For additional copies of this report contact: BRFSS Coordinator Georgia Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW, 14th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Publication # DPH03-069HW