GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2007:
A STATISTICAL PROFILE OF THE STATE
PREPARED BY: GOVERNOR'S OFFICE OF PLANNING AND BUDGET
270 WASHINGTON ST. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30334
APRIL 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A Growing Georgia ........................................................................................................................1 Georgia's Population Growth and Change...................................................................................... 2 Georgia's Population 1900 to 2015 ................................................................................................... 2 Population Growth in Southeast during the 1990s .......................................................................... 2 Migration Patterns............................................................................................................................ 3 Components of Population Growth 1991-2006 ................................................................................ 3 Domestic and International Migration ............................................................................................. 3 International Immigration............................................................................................................... 4 Demographics ................................................................................................................................... 5 2004 Georgia Births by Race/Ethnicity............................................................................................ 5 2015 Georgia Population Projection by Race/Ethnicity................................................................... 5 Age Group Shift 2000-2015 .............................................................................................................. 5 Age Group Shift by Race/Ethnicity 2000 and 2015 ......................................................................... 5 Georgia Revenue Estimates FY2007 and FY2008 & Revenue Projections FY2009 to FY2012.... 6 Georgians' Income Continues to Rise............................................................................................... 7 Per Capita Income 1995-2005........................................................................................................... 7 Median Household Income ............................................................................................................... 7 Job Growth in Georgia ..................................................................................................................... 8 Job Sector Mix ................................................................................................................................... 8 Unemployment Rate.......................................................................................................................... 8 Value of Georgia's Exports ................................................................................................................ 9 Direct Tourism Expenditures............................................................................................................ 9 Gross Domestic Product .................................................................................................................. 10 Value of Agricultural Products ........................................................................................................ 10 Georgia is a Major Transportation and Logistics Hub for the SE and Nation............................ 11 Georgia Ports Annual Tonnage ........................................................................................................ 11 Total Cargo Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport................................................................... 12 Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport Total Passengers .......................................................... 12 Highway Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) ......................................................................................... 12 Poverty Rate--Georgia and the US.................................................................................................. 13 Poverty Thresholds .......................................................................................................................... 13 TANF Cases July 2004-September 2006 ....................................................................................... 13 Georgia Housing is 8.3% More Affordable than the Average US Housing ................................. 14 Cost of Housing Index ..................................................................................................................... 14 Homeownership Rates .................................................................................................................... 14
An Educated Georgia...................................................................................................................15 Educational Attainment.................................................................................................................. 16 Education Attainment of Georgians Ages 25 and Older: 1960-2005 ............................................ 16 Georgia Median Earnings and Employment Rate by Level of Education ..................................... 16 Pre-K Students by School Year.........................................................................................................17 K-12 Total Enrollment 1994-2006 .................................................................................................. 18 K-12 Students by Race and Ethnicity .............................................................................................. 18 Students with Disabilities ............................................................................................................... 19 National Assessment of Fourth-- and Eighth--Graders...............................................................20
Fourth Grade and Eighth Grade National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) Math Scores ...............................................................................................................................................20 Fourth Grade and Eighth Grade NAEP Reading Scores ................................................................20 Georgia High School Graduation Test........................................................................................... 21 Percentage Passing GHSGT Sections.............................................................................................. 21 High School Graduation Rate.......................................................................................................... 21 High School Dropout Rate............................................................................................................... 21 SAT Score and Ranking .................................................................................................................. 22 Georgia Average SAT Scores 1995-2006......................................................................................... 22 Georgia ACT Scores Highest in Eight Years .................................................................................. 23 Georgia Average ACT Score 1995-2006.......................................................................................... 23 Nearly 80% of Georgia Schools Made Adequate Yearly Progress in 2006 ................................. 24 Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) of Georgia Schools 2005-2006.................................................. 24 Number of Schools in Needs Improvement Status 2003-2006..................................................... 24 Average Salaries of Teachers Remain Competitive ...................................................................... 25 2005-2006 Salaries of SREB States................................................................................................ 25 Average Instructor Salary at Four-Year and Two-Year Institutions.............................................. 25 Technical and Adult Education ...................................................................................................... 26 Technical College Enrollment ......................................................................................................... 26 Employment of Technical College Award Recipients..................................................................... 26 Earnings Of Technical College Strategic Industry Graduates........................................................ 27 Adult Literacy Program Graduates ................................................................................................. 27 University System Enrollment Growing in Number and Diversity.............................................28 Enrollment in the University System of Georgia ............................................................................28 University System Minority Enrollment.........................................................................................28 Foreign Student Enrollment in the University System .................................................................. 29 First Year Retention Rates............................................................................................................... 29 College Graduation Rates ...............................................................................................................30 SixYear Graduation Rates of Freshmen Attending Four-Year USG Institutions .......................30 Three-Year Graduation & Transfer Rates of Freshmen Attending USG Two-Year Colleges........30 Research Awards Received by University System of Georgia ..................................................... 31 Research Fund Resources Fall 2004 to Fall 2005.......................................................................... 31 Georgia College Tuition Lowest, Most Affordable Among Southern States................................ 32 Service-Cancelable Loans ................................................................................................................ 32 HOPE Scholarship and Grant Program .......................................................................................... 33 Tuition Equalization Grants (TEG)................................................................................................. 33 University System of Georgia: Facility Locations ......................................................................... 34
A Healthy Georgia ....................................................................................................................... 35 What Determines Health?............................................................................................................... 36 Health Status in Georgia.................................................................................................................. 36 Lifestyle ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Teen Pregnancy Rates--Georgia and the United States ................................................................. 37 Percentage of Adults Who are Obese--Georgia and the United States ......................................... 37 Percentage of Adults Who Smoke--Georgia and the United States .............................................. 37 Children's Vaccination Rate--Georgia and the United States........................................................38 Percentage of Women Who Have Received a Mammogram Within the Last Two Years .............38 Percentage of Adults Ever Vaccinated for Pneumococcal Disease ................................................38
Total Rate of Physicians Per 100,000 Population in Georgia........................................................ 39 Geographic Distribution of Georgia's Physician Workforce .......................................................... 39 Health Insurance Coverage ............................................................................................................40 Health Insurance Coverage--US and Georgia 2005 ......................................................................40 Uninsured in Georgia (non-elderly)................................................................................................40 Change in Uninsured Rate by Age: 2 year moving average ...........................................................40 More Developmentally Disabled Consumers Are Served in the Community ............................. 41 Developmentally Disabled Consumers Served in Hospitals .......................................................... 41 Deaths from Heart Disease 1999-2003 .......................................................................................... 42 Cardiovascular Disease Death Rates by County: 2000-2004........................................................ 42 Cancer Mortality Rates in Georgia .................................................................................................. 43 Age-adjusted Lung Cancer Mortality Rates 1994-2004................................................................. 43 Age-adjusted Breast Cancer Mortality Rates by Race 1994-2004 ................................................. 43 Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100 Adult Population in Georgia...................................... 44 Age-adjusted Pneumonia Mortality Rates 1994-2004................................................................... 44 Cervical Cancer Mortality Rates ..................................................................................................... 45 HIV/AIDS Mortality Rates ............................................................................................................ 45 Traffic Fatalities and Seat Belt Use................................................................................................ 46 Traffic Fatalities in Georgia 1975-2005 .......................................................................................... 46 Seat Belt Use--Georgia and U.S. ..................................................................................................... 46
A Safe Georgia.............................................................................................................................. 47 Public Safety ....................................................................................................................................48 Active Child Protective Services Cases............................................................................................48 Judicial Branch of Georgia............................................................................................................. 49 Georgia Bureau of Investigation.................................................................................................... 50 Investigative Hours Allocation--December 2006 .......................................................................... 50 Clandestine Methamphetamine Labs in Georgia ........................................................................... 50 Drug Cases Submitted to the GBI ................................................................................................... 50 Drug Offenses ...................................................................................................................................51 Methamphetamine-Related Admissions to Prison FY97-FY06......................................................51 DJJ System Flow.............................................................................................................................. 52 Juvenile Crime................................................................................................................................. 53 Juvenile Arrests and Dispositions................................................................................................... 53 Department of Juvenile Justice ...................................................................................................... 54 Juvenile Justice FY06 Placements .................................................................................................. 54 DJJ Admissions by Offense............................................................................................................. 54 YDC Placements by Offense ............................................................................................................ 54 Criminal Justice System Flow ......................................................................................................... 55 Adult Corrections ............................................................................................................................ 56 Adult Offenders in Georgia--2006.................................................................................................. 56 2005 Prison Incarceration Rates per 100,000 Residents .............................................................. 56 Inmate and Probation Facility Population ..................................................................................... 56 Profile of Current Prison Inmates and Current Probationers........................................................ 57 2006 State Daily Cost by Offender Placement ............................................................................... 57 Reconviction .................................................................................................................................... 58 Three-year Felony Reconviction Rate by Facility Type.................................................................. 58
Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles ......................................................................................... 59 Average Parole Completion Rates--Georgia and US...................................................................... 59 Profile of Current Parolees ............................................................................................................. 59 Crime Type of Active Parolees......................................................................................................... 59 Prison Population and Parole Population FY91 FY06 .................................................................60 FY06 Cost Per Day ...........................................................................................................................60 Parole Releases and Prison Maxouts FY91--FY06 .........................................................................60
Best Managed State .................................................................................................................... 61 Best Managed State ........................................................................................................................ 62 How State Dollars Are Spent (FY2007) .......................................................................................... 62 Debt Management Plan .................................................................................................................. 63 Laffer Report Ranks Georgia's Economic Outlook #1 in the Nation............................................64 Georgia Maintains Highest Credit Rating.......................................................................................64 Human Resources ........................................................................................................................... 65 State Government Employment by Function FY2006 ................................................................... 65 Commission for a New Georgia .....................................................................................................66 CNG--Highlights of Innovation in Action ..................................................................................... 67 Customer Service in Georgia State Government: Faster, Friendlier, Easier ..............................68
Sources .............................................................................................................................................69
GEORGIA IN
PERSPECTIVE
A GROWING GEORGIA
A GROWING GEORGIA
Georgia's Population Growth and Change
Georgia's Population 1900 to 2015
The state's popula- 12,000,000 tion doubled in the period from 1960 10,000,000 to 2000.
8,000,000
The Census Bureau
estimate places Georgia's population at 9,363,941 residents in 2006.
6,000,000 4,000,000
Georgia grew by
2,000,000
almost 1,177,488 people between 2000 and 2006, a growth of 14.4% and third fastest in
0
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015
Source: Office of Planning and Budget--2015 Population Projections
Proj Proj OPB OPB
the nation.
Georgia now has 15 Metropolitan Statistical Areas and 20
Micropolitan Statistical Areas.
Population Growth in the Southeast During the 1990s 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
US GA FL TX NC TN SC VA AR MS AL LA
Source: US Census Bureau
During the 1990s, the Southeastern states grew at a faster rate than the national average.
Also during the 1990s, Georgia grew 26% while the United States grew 13%.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
2
A GROWING GEORGIA
Migration Patterns
Components of Population Growth 1991-2006
1991
1996
2001
2006
0% 10%
Source: US Census Bureau
20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Natural Increase Domestic Migration International Migration
90% 100%
An area's population grows by natural increase and net migration. Less than half of Georgia's growth has been due to natural increase (more births than deaths).
Migration accounts for more than half of Georgia's growth. Hurricane Katrina evacuees increased domestic migration in 2005 and 2006.
During the period from 2005-2006, about 120,953 domestic migrants and 37,451 international migrants moved to Georgia.
Domestic and International Migration
100%
80% 88.4%
84.8%
60%
About four out of
10 people moving
to Georgia are
international
72.5%
migrants.
40%
20% 11.6%
0% 1990-1994
15.2% 1995-1999
52.9% 47.1%
2000-2004
27.5% 2005-2006
An estimated yearly average of 36,500 people moved to Georgia from another country between 2000 and 2006.
Source: US Census Bureau
%Domestic %International
120,953 domestic migrants and 37,451 international migrants moved to Georgia in the period from 2005-2006.
Although most international migrants to Georgia are from Mexico, the state also has many immigrants from other countries.
Domestic migrants include foreign born who first lived in another state.
3
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A GROWING GEORGIA
International Immigration
The 2000 Census data shows the percentage of Georgia residents who speak a language other than English at home.
In 2000, at least 1 out of 10 residents in 15 counties spoke a language other than English at home.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
4
A GROWING GEORGIA
Demographics
2004 Georgia Births by Race/Ethnicity
Hispanic 14%
White 51% African American and Other Minority 35%
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health
In addition to changes caused by the growing immigrant population, the demographics of Georgia's population will continue to change because of differing birth rates.
The proportion of Georgia's population that is White declined from 70% in 1990 to 62% in 2000 and is expected to decline to 59% by 2015.
2015 Georgia Population Projection by Race/Ethnicity
Hispanic 10%
African American
and Other Minority
31%
White
59%
Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget
Age Group Shift 2000-2015
Age Group
2000
2015
Age <20
29.5%
34.0%
Age 20-64
60.9%
52.5%
Age 65+
9.6%
13.6%
Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget--2015 Population Projections
Georgia has a relatively young population: by 2015 the percentage of residents under age 20 is expected to grow to 34%, compared with 26% nationally.
During the same time-frame the proportion of Georgians over age 65 will grow to 13.6%, compared to 16% nationally.
Thirty-five counties are expected to have at least 20% of their county population age 65 or older.
The age spread is not uniform across the racial/ethnic groups--the White population has a lower percentage of youth (under 20 years of age) and a higher percentage of elderly (age 65 and older) than Hispanics and African Americans.
Age Group Shift by Race/Ethnicity 2000 and 2015
Age Group
2000
2015
2000
2015
2000
Race/ Ethnicity
White
White
AfricanAmerican &
Other Minority
AfricanAmerican &
Other Minority
Hispanic
Age <20
26.1%
29.1%
35.1%
39.6%
36.3%
Age 20-64
62.0%
51.9%
58.6%
54.2%
61.7%
Age 65+
11.9%
19.1%
6.3%
6.2%
1.9%
Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget--2015 Population Projections
2015 Hispanic
46.1% 50.6%
3.3%
5
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A GROWING GEORGIA
Georgia Revenue Estimates FY 2007 and FY 2008 and Revenue Projections FY 2009 to FY 2012
25,000,000,000
20,000,000,000
15,000,000,000
18,190,422,771
19,221,539,895 5.7%
20,175,694,957 5.0%
21,226,254,396 5.2%
22,381,421,218 5.4%
23,599,239,763 5.4%
10,000,000,000
5,000,000,000
Note: Blue text denotes percentage change in revenue projections
-
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
The estimates and projections are for General Fund revenue only and do not include estimates for the Georgia Lottery, Tobacco Settlement Funds and the Brain and Spinal Injury Trust Fund.
The Governor's proposed budgets for Amended FY 2007 and FY 2008 are based on the General Fund revenue estimate shown above.
The Georgia Constitution, Article 3 Section 9, Paragraph 4, provides that the General Assembly "shall not appropriate funds for any given year which, in aggregate, exceed a sum equal to the amount of unappropriated surplus...together with an amount not greater than the total treasury receipts from existing revenue sources anticipated to be collected in the fiscal year, less refunds, as estimated in the budget report and amendments thereto."
These revenue projections are used to assist the Governor and the Governor's Office of Planning and Budget in meeting this constitutional requirement for a balanced budget through the management of overall state spending. Budgets will be managed within the constraints of available revenue.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
6
A GROWING GEORGIA
Georgians' Income Continues to Rise
Per Capita Income 1995-2005
$36,000
$34,000
$32,000
$30,000
$28,000
$26,000
$24,000
$22,000
$20,000 1995 1996 1997 1998
GA $21,677 $22,945 $23,795 $25,279 US $23,076 $24,175 $25,334 $26,883
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis--Regional Economic Accounts
1999 $26,359 $27,939
2000 $27,989 $29,845
2001 $28,675 $30,575
2002 $28,689 $30,804
2003 $29,000 $31,472
2004 $30,051 $32,937
2005 $31,121 $34,586
Georgia's per capita income increased by 43.5% from $21,677 in 1995 to $31,121 in 2005.
Georgia's median household income of $44,140 in 2005 was second highest among Southeastern states (Virginia's was highest).
Median Household
Income
1990
GA
US
$34,372 $39,949
1995
$33,623 $39,931
2000
$42,057 $43,848
2001
$42,006 $42,900
2002
$42,359 $42,409
2003
$42,421 $43,318
2004
$43,695 $45,893
2005
$44,140 $46,071
Source: U.S. Census--American Community Survey 7
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A GROWING GEORGIA
Job Growth in Georgia
The number of non-agricultural jobs declined from 3,913,547 in 2000 to 3,786,976 in 2003 (-3.2%).
During the next two years the number of non-agricultural jobs increased 3.8% to 3,933,307 jobs in 2005.
Number of Non-Agricultural Jobs 1990-2005
4,100,000 3,900,000 3,700,000 3,500,000 3,300,000 3,100,000 2,900,000 2,700,000 2,500,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Source: Georgia Statistics System--University of Georgia
1967
Job Sector Mix 1990
2005
5% 11% 28%
19% 6% 31%
Source: Georgia Statistics System--University of Georgia
30% 24%
18% 16%
7% 5%
36% 19%
22% 12%
6% 5%
Trade, Transportation, and Utility
Manufacturing
Construction
Public Administration
Financial, Professional, and Business Services
Leisure and Hospitality, Education, Health, and Information Services
Unemployment Rate
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 US 5.6% 5.4% 4.9% 4.5% 4.2% 4.0% 4.7% 5.8% 6.0% 5.5% 5.1% 4.6% GA 4.7% 4.6% 4.4% 4.2% 3.8% 3.5% 4.0% 4.9% 4.8% 4.8% 5.3% 4.7%
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics--State and Local Unemployment
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
8
A GROWING GEORGIA
Value of Georgia's Exports
1999
$ 13,749,000,000
2000 $ 14,925,000,000
2001
$ 14,634,000,000
2002 $ 14,413,000,000
Georgia ranks 11th among states in total value of exports.
Canada, Japan, and Mexico are Georgia's top three trade partners.
Top three Georgia exports: transportation equipment, computer and electronic products, and machinery.
2003 $ 16,286,000,000
2004 $ 19,633,000,000
2005 $ 20,577,000,000
Source: US Department of Commerce--Trade Stats Express
Studies by Georgia's Department of Economic Development indicate that companies that export create and/or retain twice as many jobs as domestic-market companies.
$17,000,000,000
Direct Tourism Expenditures in Georgia
$16,500,000,000
$16,000,000,000
$15,500,000,000
$15,000,000,000
$14,500,000,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source: Travel Industry Association of America and Georgia Department of Economic Development
Note: Direct Tourism Expenditures is the amount spent by visitors to the state
Georgia's direct tourism expenditures grew from $15.3 million in 2002 to $16.6 million in 2004, an increase of 8.4%. Georgia consistently ranks 8th in the nation in tourism expenditures.
9
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
In millions of dollars
A GROWING GEORGIA
400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000
Gross Domestic Product of Georgia
$237,468
$277,082 $255,612
$299,442 $290,887
$306,680
$363,839
$339,730 $317,490
150,000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis--Regional Economic Accounts
Note: Gross Domestic Product by state is the total value of goods and services produced by a state
Top 5 Agricultural Commodities (2005):
- Broilers - Cotton - Greenhouse/nursery - Peanuts - Cattle & calves
$6,500,000
Value of Agricultural Production
$6,000,000
$5,500,000
$5,000,000
In thousands of dollars
$4,500,000
$4,000,000
$3,500,000
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
$3,000,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Source: US Department of Agriculture--Economic Research Service
10
tonnage
A GROWING GEORGIA
Georgia is a Major Transportation and Logistics Hub for the SE and Nation
20,000,000
Georgia Ports--Annual Tonnage
18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06
Source: Georgia Ports Authority
Brunswick Savannah
Currently, the Port of Savannah is the fourth busiest port in the US (measured in Twentyfoot Equivalent Units--TEUs).
Since FY03, annual tonnage at both Brunswick & Savannah has increased 59.2%.
The University of Georgia's study, The Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports in Georgia's Economy, determined the ports contribute:
- more than 286,000 jobs - $14.9 billion in income to the economy - $55.7 billion in sales
11
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A GROWING GEORGIA
Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport's economic impact was more than $18.7 billion in 2005.
In 2005, the airport was #1 in the nation in total passengers and #9 for total cargo.
Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport
Total Passengers
2000
80,162,407
2001
75,858,500
2002
76,876,128
2003
79,086,792
2004
83,605,218
2005
85,907,423
Source: Hartsfield Jackson International Airport Annual Report
Total Cargo (in metric tons) Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport
950,000
900,000
850,000
800,000
750,000
700,000
650,000
600,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Source: Hartsfield Jackson International Airport Annual Report
Note: The decrease in 2005 was due to a loss of a cargo carrier.
120,000
Highway Vehicle Miles Traveled
115,000 110,000 105,000
107,686 105,010
108,321
112,620 109,246
100,000
99,304
95,000
96,433
93,530
90,000
85,000
80,000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics--State Transportation Profile
Highway Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) is a common measure of highway usage and can provide a general measure of an area's economic activity.
VMT in Georgia has increased at an average of 2.7% per year.
In 2004,Georgia was 2nd in the Southeast in VMT; the national VMT was 2,962,513 million miles.
In millions
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
12
Jul-04 Sep-04 Nov-04 Jan-05 Mar-05 May-05 Jul-05 Sep-05 Nov-05 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06
A GROWING GEORGIA
Poverty Rate--Georgia and the United States
20%
15%
10% 5%
0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
GA 15.6% US 13.8%
Source: US Census Bureau
15.3% 13.7%
14.7% 13.3%
14.1% 12.7%
12.7% 11.9%
12.3% 11.3%
12.9% 11.7%
11.2% 12.1%
11.9% 12.5%
13.0% 12.7%
14.4% 12.6%
Poverty rate measures the percentage of people or families who are below an income
threshold specified by the federal government. This threshold varies by family size and
composition (see chart).
Threshold ($) -
Size of family unit
2005
One person
9,973
Two persons
12,755
TANF is a monthly cash assistance program for lowincome families and children under age 18.
Three persons
15,577
Four persons
19,971
Work is a major component of TANF; adult recipients
Five persons
23,613
are required to work in order to become self sufficient.
Six persons
26,683
60,000
52,342
TANF Cases July 2004--September 2006
Seven persons Eight persons Nine persons or more
30,849 33,610 40,488
50,000
The number of TANF
cases decreased 47%,
40,000
from 52,342 in July
2004 to 27,553 in
September 2006. Much
30,000
27,553 of the decline is due to
adult recipients moving
into the workforce.
20,000
10,000
0
13
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A GROWING GEORGIA
Georgia Housing is 8.3% More Affordable Than the Average US Housing
Median Housing Values 2000-2005 $180,000
$160,000
$140,000
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$-
2000
2001
2002
2003
2005
GA US
Source: US Census Bureau--American Community Survey
The median housing value in Georgia grew at an average of 6.8% compared to 8.6% nationally.
Cost of Housing Index
Georgia US
Current
0.938 1.023
2005
0.889 0.960
2003
0.917 0.974
2001
0.950 1.002
1996
0.889 1.020
Source: Laffer Report
The Cost of Housing Index measures homeownership costs adjusted for incomes, mortgage rates, and applicable taxes.
A higher index level indicates higher cost/ lower affordability.
Homeownership rates are the number of owner-occupied housing units divided by the total number of occupied housing units.
Homeownership Rates--Georgia and the United States 74% 72% 70% 68%
In 2005, Georgia's homeownership rate was 67.9%, slightly lower than the national rate of 68.9%.
66%
64%
62% 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
GA 69.3% 70.9% 71.2% 71.3% 69.8% 70.1% 71.8% 71.4% 70.9% 67.9%
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
US 65.4% 65.7% 66.3% 66.8% 67.4% 67.8% 67.9% 68.3% 69.0% 68.9%
Source: US Census Bureau--American Community Survey 14
GEORGIA IN
PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Educational Attainment
Educational Attainment of Georgians Ages 25 and Older: 1960-2005
100%
80%
60%
40% 17.7%
20%
5.9%
0%
1960 Census
25.0% 14.0%
1970 Census
28.0% 8.0%
1980 Census
70.9%
78.6%
82.8%
19.3%
24.3%
27.1%
1990 Census
2000 Census
2005 ACS
High School Graduates
College Graduates
Note: 2005 American Community Survey data (ACS) do not include populations of persons living in group quarters (e.g., dormitories); Census totals do include group quarters.
Almost 83% of Georgians over age 25 have at least a high school education compared to 84% nationally.
As of 2005, 27% of both Georgia residents and United States residents 25 and older had a bachelor's degree or higher.
Georgia Median Earnings 2004
$70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000
$0
$58,771
$44,358
$29,195 $23,979 $17,712
HS
HS Some Bachelor's Advanced
Dropout Graduate College Degree Degree
Source: Institute for Higher Education Policy
Georgia Unemployment Rate 2004
6.0%
5.5%
5.0% 4.5%
4.0%
3.0%
2.6%
1.9%
2.0%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
HS
HS Some Bachelor's Advanced
Dropout Graduate College Degree Degree
A college graduate with a bachelor's degree in Georgia earns, on average, $20,379 more per year than a high school graduate, and will earn over one million dollars more over a lifetime than a high school dropout.
A study from the Institute for Higher Education Policy reveals that earnings increase 84.9%, unemployment rates drop 100%, good health increases 12.7%, volunteerism increases 90.3%, and voting rates increase 31% for Georgians who have a bachelor's degree compared to Georgians who have a high school diploma.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
16
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
In 1993, the State of Georgia established a statewide Pre-K program for at-risk four-yearold children. Today all of Georgia's four-year-old children can attend pre-school for free, regardless of parental income.
Pre-K Students by School Year
80,000
75,000
70,000
65,000 60,000
59,626
60,269
60,916
61,733
63,613
65,674
68,119
71,473
72,902
55,000 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006
Source: Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning
The number of students enrolled in Georgia's Pre-K program has increased more than seven-fold since its inception.
Children enrolled in the statewide program come from all socioeconomic backgrounds with 55 % of the students, 39,833 students, coming from families that qualify for some form of state assistance.
Georgia is one of only three states that meets all of the Preschool Education standards identified by Quality Counts 2007 . These standards identify contributors to a child's chance for success in life.
Georgia's Pre-K program operates statewide, in public and private locations, with funds provided by the state lottery.
In the 2005-2006 school year, 42,112 students (58%) enrolled in Georgia Pre-Kindergarten were either Black, Hispanic, Asian, or multi-racial.
17
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
K-12 Total Enrollment 1994-2006
1,700,000
1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000
1,346,623
1,391,579 1,370,815
1,437,324
1,486,125
1,412,689
1,461,267
1,559,828
1,515,646
1,589,839
1,200,000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Source: Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools
Enrollment in K-12 reached 1,589,839 in the 2006 school year with 755,038 of those children in elementary schools, 372,152 in middle schools, and 462,649 in high schools.
Over the past 10 years, public school enrollment increased by almost a quarter of a million students (18%).
The greatest increase in enrollment has taken place in high school with an increase of 26.6% between 1997 and 2006. Elementary and middle school enrollment has increased 12.4% and 13.2%, respectively, since 1997.
Georgia's public school enrollment is projected to grow 7% , close to 112,000 students more, between years 2006 and 2012 according to the National Center for Education Statistics.
K-12 Students by Race and Ethnicity
1995-1996
58%
38%
2% 2%
2000-2001
54%
38%
5% 3%
2005-2006
48%
38%
8%
5%
White
Black
Hispanic
Other
Source: Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools
The Hispanic K-12 student population has grown 400%, since the 1995-1996 school year and is projected to become 29% of the graduating senior population in 2018, according to the Southern Regional Education Board.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
18
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Students with Disabilities
Source: The Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools, 2000-2006
Since the 2001-2002 school year 12% of Georgia's public school
population has consisted of students 0f with disabilities.
Georgia public school students with disabilities receive individualized instruction and other supportive services (e.g., transportation) at no additional cost to parents.
The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act requires states to ensure that all students, including students with cognitive disabilities, have access to a general curriculum that encompasses challenging academic standards.
During the 2005-2006 school year, 186,272 students with disabilities were enrolled in K-12 classes; an additional 10,960 students with disabilities were enrolled in Pre-K.
During the 2005-2006 school year, in place of taking the standard state assessment aligned with NCLB, 0.08% of Georgia public students took the Georgia Alternate Assessment--an exam available only to students with severe cognitive disability.
The graduation gap between students with disabilities and students without disabilities declined from 40% to 38.4% from the 2004-2005 school year to the 2005-2006 school year.
During the 2005-2006 school year 32.4% (3,307) of students with an Individual Education Plan graduated from high school with a standard high school diploma.
19
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
National Assessment of Fourth and Eighth Graders
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) administers the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) test of elementary and secondary students in various subject areas. Under the No Child Left Behind Act, all states must participate in the biennial NAEP test for fourth and eighth grade reading and mathematics. The most recent tests were held in 2005.
NAEP Score
Fourth Grade NAEP Math Score
Eighth Grade NAEP Math Score
Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above NAEP Score
500
100%
400
72% 76% 79% 80%
300 53% 53% 58%
60%
500
100%
400 300
48% 51% 55% 54% 62% 68%
80% 60%
200
40%
200
40%
100
20%
216 215 219 230 234 237
0
0%
GAG1A992GAG1A996GAG2A000GAG2A003GAG2A005NNaattiioonn
1992 1996 2002 2003 2005 22000055
Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above
100
20%
259 262 265 270 272 278
0
0%
GA GA GA GA GA Nation
1992 1996 2000 2003 2005 2005
Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above
Source: National Center on Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Nation's Report Card
Higher percentages of Georgia students are performing at the basic level and above in math than they did when the test was first administered on the state level in 1992.
In 2005, fourth grade students scored 18 points higher in math than in 1992.
Eighth grade students scored 13 points higher in math in 2005 than they did in 1992.
Fourth Grade NAEP Reading Score
Eighth Grade NAEP Reading Score*
Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above NAEP Score
500
100%
400 300
57% 52% 55% 59% 59% 58% 62%
80% 60%
500
100%
400 68% 70% 69% 67% 71% 80%
300
60%
NAEP Score
200
40%
200
40%
100
20%
212 207 209 215 214 214 217
0
0%
GA GA GA GA GA GA Nation 1992 1994 1998 2002 2003 2005 2005
100
20%
257 258 258 257 260
0
0%
GAG1A998 GAG2A002 GAG2A003 GAG2A005 Nation
1998 2002 2003 2005 20055
Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above
Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above
Source: National Center on Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Nation's Report Card
* The Eighth Grade NAEP Reading test was not assessed on the state level until 1998.
Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above
Georgia's fourth- and eighth-grade reading scores have remained fairly consistent since 2002.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
20
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Georgia High School Graduation Test
All students in Georgia who seek a high school diploma are required to pass the Georgia High School Graduation Test (GHSGT) in four content areas--English, math, social studies, and science--as well as pass the Georgia High School Writing Assessment.
Percentage Passing GHSGT Sections Eleventh Grade First -Time Takers
In 2005, eleventh grade first-time test takers passed English, social studies, and science portions of the exam in greater proportions than in prior years.
100
90
80 70
60 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006
English
Math
Social Studies
Science
Source: The Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools, 2001-2006
High School Graduation Rate
75%
69.4%
70.8%
70%
65.4%
65% 61.8%
63.3%
60%
55%
50% 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006
Source: The Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools
Georgia's high school graduation rate increased from 61.8% to 70.8% between the 2001-2002 and 2005-2006 school years.
The high school graduation rate reflects the percentage of students who entered ninth grade in a given year and were in the graduating class four years later.
High School Dropout Rate
Georgia's high school dropout rate decreased from 5.5% to 4.7% between the 2002-2003 and 2005-2006 school years.
The high school dropout rate reflects the number of students who officially dropped out of school divided by the number of students who attended school.
6.0%
5.5%
5.5% 5.3%
5.1%
5.0%
5.0%
4.7%
4.5%
4.0% 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006
Source: The Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools
21
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
SAT Scores and Ranking
The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is a standardized test used by most colleges to determine admittance along with other deciding factors including coursework, grades, letters of recommendations, and other criteria.
The SAT tests critical thinking in three sections: verbal, math, and writing. Georgia Average SAT Scores 1995-2006
1600
1477*
1400
1200 959 961 967 968 969 974 980 980 984 987 993
1000
800
600
400
200
0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
SAT Writing* N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 487
SAT Math 477 477 481 482 482 486 489 491 491 493 496 494
SAT Verbal 482 484 486 486 487 488 491 489 493 494 497 491
Source: The College Board
SAT Verbal
SAT Math
SAT Writing*
Note: Georgia's average SAT score reflects scores of public and private high school students characterized as graduating seniors.
* The SAT was initially designed to measure verbal and mathematic skills, and was scored out of a possible total of 1600 points: 800 points for verbal and 800 points for math. In 2006, the SAT was modified to include a writing section, thus increasing the total possible score on the exam to 2400: 800 points for verbal, 800 for math, and 800 for writing.
Between 2005 and 2006, Georgia's national SAT ranking improved 3 positions from 49th to 46th.
A higher percentage of Georgia's students (65%) take the SAT test compared to the national average (41%).
In 2006, Black students in Georgia scored an average of 1,293 on the test, ranking 34th among Black students across the nation.
Georgia's Hispanic students improved their SAT performance in 2006 with an average score of 1,419--48 points higher than the national average for Hispanic students.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
22
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Georgia ACT Scores Highest in Eight Years
The ACT--formerly known as American College Testing--is a standardized test that colleges use comparably to the SAT to determine admittance. The ACT assesses students' general educational development and ability to complete college-level work.
The ACT tests four subjects--English, reading, mathematics, and science; each section is scored on a range between 1 and 36. The overall, or composite, score is the average score of all the four sections. Students may also take an optional writing assessment which does not affect the composite ACT score.
Georgia Average ACT Score 1995-2006
20.4
20.3
20.3 20.2
20.2 20.2
20.2
20.2
20.1
20.0
20.0 20.0
20.0
19.9 19.9
19.9
19.8 19.8
19.8
19.7
19.6
19.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Source: ACT, Inc.
NOTE: Georgia's average ACT score reflects scores of public and private high school students characterized as graduating seniors.
In 2006, Georgia's average score on the ACT rose to 20.2, a 0.4-point increase from 2003.
The number of students taking the ACT rose 7.5% between 2005 and 2006 to a total of 25,064 students.
Student performance improved on all sections of the exam in 2006, with a 0.2-point increase in science and reading, a 0.3-point increase in mathematics, and a 0.4-point increase in English from 2005.
Between 2005 and 2006, Hispanic and White students in Georgia showed greater improvement than the nation with increased scores of 0.5 and 0.3 points, respectively.
Georgia's Black students and Asian students showed similar gains as the nation between 2005 and 2006 with increased scores of 0.1 and 0.2 points, respectively.
23
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Nearly 80% of Georgia Schools Made Adequate Yearly Progress in 2006
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is a federal law that seeks to help close the achievement gap between disadvantaged students, minority students, and their peers.
NCLB significantly raises expectations for states, local school districts, and schools in that all students will meet or exceed state standards in reading and mathematics by 2013.
Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) is a measure of year-to-year student performance based on student achievement of goals set by the state in math and reading.
During the 2005-2006 school year, 1,630 schools made AYP, approximately 79% of Georgia schools.
Fifty-four of Georgia's 183 school districts had every school in its district make AYP in the 2005-2006 school year.
Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) of Georgia Schools 2005-2006
Schools Making AYP
79%
Schools Not Making AYP
21%
Source: Georgia Department of Education
Schools that do not meet AYP in the same subject for two or more consecutive years are placed in Needs Improvement (NI) status. NI schools receive extra help to improve student performance. Furthermore, students in NI schools may transfer to a higher performing public school and receive extra help with schoolwork based on eligibility.
Number of Georgia Schools in Needs Improvement Status 2003-2006
600
533
500
413
400
353 308
300
200
100
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: Georgia Department of Education
Since 2003, the percentage of Georgia schools in "Needs Improvement" status has decreased by 40%.
In the 2005-2006 school year, 99 Georgia schools were removed from "Needs Improvement" status, dropping the net total of NI schools to 308Georgia's lowest total ever.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
24
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Average salaries of Teachers Remain Competitive
The salaries of Georgia's K-12 teachers continue to be the highest among surrounding states and third highest among states within the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB).
The average teaching salary for the nation is $49,109 and $43,325 for SREB states.
Georgia ranks 18th
OK
in the nation for
38,772
teacher pay.
2005-2006 Salaries of SREB States
MD 54,486
DE 54,264
WV VA
38,284 43,823
KY
41,903
NC
43,922
TN 42,537
SC
AK 42,093
43,242
AL
MS
37,924
40,347
GA 48,300
TX
41,744
LA
40,253
FL
43,302
Average Instructor Salary at Four-Year Institutions, 2005
$66,230
$63,770
$67,880
Source: National Education Association
Average Instructor Salary at Two-Year Institutions, 2005
$52,810
$45,980
$45,250
Georgia
SREB
US
Source: Southern Regional Education Board
Georgia
SREB
US
In 2005, the average instructor salary at four-year colleges and universities in Georgia was $1,650 less than the national average, but $2,460 more than the SREB average in 2005. Georgia ranked fifth in four-year college instructor salary among the SREB states.
The average salary for faculty at two-year colleges in Georgia was $6,830 lower than the national average, but $730 higher than the SREB average in 2005. Georgia ranked sixth in two-year college instructor salary among the SREB states.
25
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Technical and Adult Education
56,737 59,776
64,101 69,327 74,905 81,355 88,801 93,431 101,194 118,496 142,074 153,444 159,835 155,126 152,037
Georgia's technical college system consists of 34 technical colleges and four joint University System technical divisions that offer instruction at 87 sites across the state and online through the Georgia Virtual Technical College.
180,000 160,000 140,000
Technical College Enrollment
Students may enroll in programs leading to an associate degree, a diploma, or a technical certificate.
During the 2005-6 school year, more than one-third of Georgia technical college students (53,924 students) enrolled in programs addressing the state's six strategic industries: aerospace, agribusinesses, energy and environment, healthcare and eldercare, life sciences, and logistics and transportation.
120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000
0
91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06
Source: Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education
Employment of Technical College Award Recipients
Year
Total Awards
Employed
Conferred In Field or Related Field
Employed Out of Field
Continuing Education
Total
Percent
Total
Percent
Total
Percent
2000
15,304
11,435
75%
1,057
7%
1,677
11%
2001
23,093
14,515
63%
1,388
6%
5,583
24%
2002
27,200
15,905
58%
2,274
8%
7,349
27%
2003
31,354
19,674
63%
4,593
15%
9,470
30%
2004
33,050
19,867
60%
4,159
13%
10,523
32%
2005
34,626
20,998
Source: Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education, Annual Reports
61%
3,758
11%
11,333
33%
Note: Columns do not add up to the total due to duplication of graduates who are both employed and continuing education.
Of the 34,626 award recipients in 2005, about 61% (20,988) are working in their field of study, 11% (3,758) are working in another field, and close to 33% (11,333) are continuing their education.
In 2005, those who entered technical college programs in 2003 and graduated in 2004 increased their earnings by a total of $123 million and added 3,991 full-time employees to Georgia's state economy.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
26
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Earnings of Technical College Strategic Industry Graduates Before And After Graduating
Logistics and Transportation Aerospace
Life Sciences Energy and Environment Healthcare and Eldercare
Agribusiness
After Graduating
$18,464
$18,839 $21,543 $22,102
Before Graduating
$25,967
$29,991 $32,856
$31,331
$29,940
$27,470 $29,905
$27,897
Source: Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education
The 3,086 graduates of strategic industry programs in Georgia technical colleges earned $46 million more in one year after their graduation in 2004 than they did when they began their technical college programs in 2003.
Earnings of graduates in all six strategic industry programs increased, with the greatest increase of 62% ($11,476) occurring in the Life Sciences programs.
Adults throughout the State of Georgia have access to literacy programs that provide basic, general, or specialized skills instruction through three programs: Adult Basic Education (ABE), General Education Development (GED), and the English Literacy Program (ELP).
Adult Basic Education (ABE) provides instruction on six educational levels to help adult Georgians acquire necessary basic skills in reading, writing, computation, speaking, and listening.
General Education Development (GED) provides adults at least 16 years of age the opportunity to earn a high school equivalency diploma.
The English Literacy Program (ELP) helps individuals of limited English proficiency achieve competence in English as a second language.
Adult Literacy Program Graduates
Year*
ABE Graduates
GED Graduates
ELP
Total
Graduates Graduates
2000 29,348
18,073
15,362
62,783
2001 30,232
24,646
15,389
70,267
2002
33,357
13,220**
12,915
59,492
2003 36,800
18,087
13,215
68,138
2004
27,391
18,562
14,006
59,959
2005 27,045
19,735
Source: Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education
17,887
64,667
* GED graduate figures are for a calendar year; ABE and ELP figures are for a fiscal year
** Significant decline in GED graduates primarily due to new mandate requiring students to pass all sections of the exam
27
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
University System's Student Body Growing in Number and Diversity
Georgia's 35 public colleges and universities operate under the umbrella of the University System of Georgia (USG). The system consists of four research universities, two regional universities, 13 state universities, four state colleges and 12 two-year colleges.
Enrollment in the University System of Georgia
300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000
0 1995-1996 1996-1997 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006
Enrollment 206,484 204,332 205,389 200,102 203,806 205,878 217,546 233,098 247,020 250,659 253,552
Source: Board of Regents Annual Reports, 1988-1989, 2005-2006
Between the 1995-1996 school year and the 2005-2006 school year, USG student enrollment increased 23%, from 206,484 students to 253,552 students.
University System Minority Enrollment
The minority student 2005
population of the
2004
Black
University System has 2003
Hispanic
nearly doubled over
2002
the past ten years.
2001
The most significant 1998 enrollment growth has 1996
Asian American Native American Multi-Racial
occurred within the
1994
Other*
Black student
1993
population.
30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000
Source: Board of Regents
* Until 1996, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, and multi-racial students were collectively reported as "Other."
In 1993, Black students represented 19% (39,378 students) of the University System. In the fall of 2005, the percentage of Black students had risen to 24% (59,890 students).
The proportion of other minority students--Hispanic, Asian-American, Native American, Multi-Racial students--in the University System doubled, increasing from 5% (10,621 students) in 1993 to 11% (28,972 students) in 2005.
In 2005, about 3% (7,088 students) of the college population was Hispanic and about 6% (59,890 students) was Asian.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
28
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Foreign Student Enrollment
1988-1989
2005-2006
South Asia 9%
Europe & Canada 17%
East Asia & the Pacific
44%
Foreign Student Enrollment Total: 5,120 students (2%)
Latin America & Caribbean
10%
Africa 10%
Middle East & North Africa 10%
Source: Board of Regents Annual Reports, 1988-1989, 2005-2006
South Asia 15%
Europe & Canada 20%
East Asia & the Pacific
26%
Middle East & North Africa 3%
Latin America & Caribbean
19% Africa 17%
Foreign Student Enrollment Total: 18,366 students (7%)
International students comprised about 7% (18,366) of students within the University System of Georgia during the 2005-2006 school year, up 5% (13,246) from the 19881989 school year.
The proportion of foreign students from each region has changed significantly over time.
The first-year retention rate reflects the percentage of all fall-semester, first-time freshmen who re-enrolled the following Fall semester in the same institution or in another institution within the University System of Georgia.
USG First-Year Retention Rates: Fall 1999 to Fall 2004
100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0%
73.4% 67.5%
Fall 1999
74.9% 69.1%
76.3%
76.7%
77.2%
70.3%
71.1%
72.0%
Fall 2000
Fall 2001
Institute-Specific Rate
Fall 2002 University System Rate
Fall 2003
75.9% 70.5%
Fall 2004
Source: Board of Regents Annual Report, 2005-2006 Publication
Of the 11,414 degree-seeking, first-time freshmen who entered a USG institution in Fall 2004, 70.5% returned to the same USG institution in Fall of the next year, and 75.8% returned to the same or another USG institution in Fall of the next year.
29
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
College Graduation Rates
The six-year graduation rate for first-time, full-time freshmen at four-year colleges and the three-year graduation rate for first-time, full-time freshmen at two-year colleges are key national indicators of post-secondary performance.
Six-Year Graduation Rates of Freshmen Attending Four-Year USG Institutions
70%
60%
48.3%
50% 41.1%
40%
30%
48.8% 41.3%
50.3% 43.5%
53.7% 46.6%
47.9% 55.0%
20%
10%
0%
Fall 1995 - Spring 2001 Fall 1996 - Spring 2002 Fall 1997 - Spring 2003 Fall 1998 - Spring 2004 Fall 1999 - Spring 2005
Percent Graduated from Initial Institution
Source: Board of Regents Annual Reports, 2005-2006
Percent Graduated fromthe USGSystem
Of the 21,229 first-time, full-time freshmen who entered a four-year USG college or university in Fall 1999, 47.9% graduated from the same institution in 2005 and 55% graduated from the same or another institution within the University System.
Six-year graduation rates for first-time full-time freshmen enrolled in University System of Georgia institutions increased 16.5 % between fall 1995 and fall 1999.
Three-Year Graduation & Transfer Rates of Freshmen Attending USG Two-Year Colleges
60%
50%
40%
28.4%
27.9%
29.6%
30.6%
30%
20.6%
20%
13.5%
13.2%
6.2%
14.7%
16.2%
10%
14.9%
14.7%
14.4%
14.9%
14.4%
0%
Fall 1995 - Spring 2001 Fall 1996 - Spring 2002 Fall 1997 - Spring 2003 Fall 1998 - Spring 2004 Fall 1999 - Spring 2005
Percent Graduated fromUSGTwo-Year College Percent Transferred to a Four-Year Institution
Source: Board of Regents Annual Reports, 2005-2006
An increasing proportion of first-time, full-time freshmen are continuing their education at a four-year institution than in years prior.
Out of 9,322 first-time, full-time freshmen who sought an associate degree at a two-year USG institution in fall 2002, 14.4% graduated in three years and an additional 16.2% transferred to four-year institutions.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
30
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Research Awards Received by the University System of Georgia
Research within the University System of Georgia spans many subject areas and is primarily concentrated in its four research universities: the University of Georgia, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, and the Medical College of Georgia.
Research Fund Resources Fall 2004 to Fall 2005
Other 10%
Industry 13%
Non-Profilt 4%
State & Local 5%
Federal 68%
Total Awards Received by the University System of Georgia
Fall 2001 to Fall 2005
Year
Total Awards
Fall 2001 Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005
Total
$686,139,500 $794,474,800 $860,501,000 $847,035,700 $805,362,200 $3,993,513,200
The majority of University System of Georgia (USG) research awards come from federal sources.
Between FY01 and FY05, the USG received almost $4 billion in external grants and contracts.
During FY05, USG received $805 million: $623.5 million for research, $88 million for instruction, and close to $94 million for public service grants.
Source: Board of Regents Annual Report, 2005-2006 Publication
31
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Georgia College Tuition Lowest, Most Affordable Among Southern States
Affordable tuition rates of Georgia's four-year public colleges and universities increase access to higher education for students.
Annual College Tuition Costs And Tuition as Percent of Median Household 2004-2005
United States SREB States Georgia Oklahoma Florida Louisiana
North Carolina West Virginia
Mississippi Tennessee Kentucky
Texas Alabama Arkansas Virginia Delawate Maryland South Carolina
$4,579 $4,043 $2,906 $3,007 $3,092 $3,240 $3,273 $3,621 $3,837 $4,134 $4,176 $4,182 $4,243 $4,468 $5,291 $5,965 $5,976 $6,100
10.3% 10.3% 7.1% 7.6% 7.6% 8.9% 8.1% 10.9% 11.0% 10.8%
11.7% 10.1%
11.6% 12.8% 10.3% 12.4% 10.4% 15.7%
$- $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000
Source: Southern Regional Education Board
The average annual tuition costs of public four-year colleges in Georgia was lowest among the 16 states of the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) during the 2004-2005 school year.
Georgia's average annual tuition is $2,906 compared to $4,043 for the SREB states, and $4,579 for the nation.
Georgia families spend 7.1% of household income on annual tuition at a four-year college in comparison to 10.3% for SREB states and the nation.
Note: The medians for the United States and SREB states are the middle values of all institutions by type. The medians for each state are the middle values of the institutions by type in that state.
According to the National Association of Student Grant and Aid programs, Georgia ranks second in the nation in providing scholarships and grants to college students. ServiceCancelable loans, Hope Scholarships and Grants, and Tuition Equalization Grants are a few of the many options available to help Georgia students cover the costs of attending college.
Service-Cancelable Loans
Service-cancelable loans are provided in critical fields of study that a graduate can pay back in cash or by serving the field of study. Critical fields include teaching, health care, agriculture education, military service, veterinary medicine, engineering, and social work.
Over $3 million has been awarded in nursing service-cancelable loans during the 2006-2007 school year.
More than 12,300 students have received HOPE Teacher service-cancelable loans to obtain advanced education degrees in critical shortage areas.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
32
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
HOPE Scholarship and Grant Program
Georgia's HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally) Program is Georgia's most reputable college finance program. The HOPE Program is a unique merit scholarship and grant program that rewards students in degree, diploma and certificate programs at eligible Georgia public and private colleges and public technical colleges.
Georgia's HOPE Program Disbursements
September 1993 to January 2007
Type of
Educational Institution
Public Colleges & Universities
Public Technical Colleges
Private Colleges & Universities
HOPE Scholarship
Total HOPE Scholarship
Dollars
Total Number of Scholarship Recipients
$ 2,201,437,769
388,288
$ 40,453,084
27,600
$ 458, 794,736
121,016
Total
$2,700,685,589
Source: Georgia Student Finance Commission
536,904
HOPE Grant
Total HOPE Grant Dollars
Total Number of Grant
Recipients
$ 65,891,494
36,670
$ 740,342,574
509,667
N/A
N/A
$806,234,068
546,337
Georgia's HOPE Program began in September 1993, and as of February 2007 more than $3 billion in HOPE funds has been disbursed to more than one million Georgia students.
Out of the 74,059 high school graduates in 2006, 62% were eligible to receive the HOPE Scholarship.
Georgia's HOPE GED Grant Program has further provided close to $27 million to offset the cost of higher education for Georgians who earned their General Education Development (GED/high school equivalency) diploma through a Georgia public technical college after June 1993.
About 63.5% of HOPE Scholarship dollars went to Georgia public colleges and universities, 13.5% went to private colleges, and 23% went to public technical schools.
Tuition Equalization Grants (TEG)
In addition to the HOPE Scholarship for private colleges and universities, students who attend certain private and public colleges may be eligible for up to $1,000 a year though the Tuition Equalization Grants (TEG).
In 2006, more than 32,000 students received Tuition Equalization Grants.
Georgia residents who live near the state's borders may receive TEGs to attend out-ofstate, public four-year colleges within 50 miles of their home.
33
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
University System of Georgia: Facility Locations
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
34
GEORGIA IN
PERSPECTIVE
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Life Styles, 51%
Health Care, 10% Environment, 19%
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Genetics, 20%
Health Status by County, Georgia, 2003
Dade
Catoosa
Murray
Whitfield
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White
Lumpkin
Habersham Stephens
Dawson
Hall
Banks Franklin
Floyd
Bartow
Cherokee Forsyth
Hart
Jackson
Madison
Elbert
Health Status Excellent 76-100 Good 53-75 Fair 37-52 Poor 0-36
Georgia Health Status Score: 54.7
Polk Haralson
Cobb Paulding
Gwinnett
DeKalb
Douglas Fulton
Rockdale
Barrow Walton
Clarke Oglethorpe
Oconee
Wilkes
Carroll
Clayton
Newton
Morgan Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln Columbia
Heard
Henry
Fayette
Coweta
Spalding
Butts
Jasper
Putnam Hancock
McDuffie Warren
Richmond
Glascock
Troup
Pike Meriwether
Lamar Monroe
Jones
Baldwin
Jefferson Washington
Burke
Harris
Upson Talbot
Bibb Crawford
Wilkinson Twiggs
Johnson
Jenkins Screven
Muscogee Marion Chattahoochee
Taylor
Peach Houston
Macon
Bleckley
Laurens
Emanuel
Treutlen
Candler
Bulloch
Effingham
Schley
Stewart Webster
Sumter
Quitman Randolph Terrell
Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Dodge
Montgomery
Wheeler
Toombs
Evans
Telfair
Tattnall
Bryan
Turner
Ben Hill
Jeff Davis Appling
Liberty Long
Chatham
Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Worth
Irwin Tift
Coffee
Colquitt
Berrien Cook
Atkinson
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Seminole Decatur
Grady Thomas
Brooks
Lanier
Clinch
Lowndes
Echols
Charlton
Camden
Prepared by: G.E. Alan Dever, Ph.D., M.T., M.D. (Hon.) & Leah Sm ith, M.P.H. Mercer University- Health Sciences Center
Data Source: Inforum, 2004
What Determines Health?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, life style choices have the greatest impact on a person's health.
Life style choices such as eating nutritious foods, being physically active, and avoiding tobacco use can positively affect a person's health status.
These Health Status Maps, produced by Dr. Alan Dever at Mercer University, reflect self-reported health status. The maps are a composite score of:
presence of disease (e.g., diabetes, cancer) self report of health; and health behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise, nutrition).
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
36
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Lifestyle
Teen Pregnancy Rates (per 1,000) Ages 15 to 19 Georgia and the United States
80 70 60 50 40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Source: 2006 Kids Count-The Annie E. Casey Foundation
Georgia United States
Teen birth rate in Georgia declined 30% between 1990 and 2003.
Georgia ranks 41st nationally in teen births.
Percentage of Adults 18 and Older Who Are Obese-- Georgia and the United States
Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Georgia 11% 10% 12% 13% 15% 13% 12% 14% 19% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% 25% US 12% 13% 13% 14% 14% 16% 17% 17% 18% 20% 20% 21% 22% N/A N/A
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
Note: Obesity is self-reported and defined as Body Mass Index equal to or greater than 30.0.
In 2003, 25% of Georgia adults were obese, two and one-half times the number in 1990.
One in five Georgians smoke.
The percentage of smokers in both Georgia and the U.S. is relatively unchanged since 1990.
Percentage of Adults 18 and Older Who Smoke-- Georgia and the United States
30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Georgia 24% 22% 19% 24% 23% 21% 20% 22% 24% 24% 24% 24% 23% 23% 20% 22% United States 23% 23% 22% 23% 23% 22% 24% 23% 23% 23% 23% 23% 23% 22% 22% 21%
Source;: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
37
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Children's Vaccination Rate--Georgia and the United States
Georgia ranks 1st in the
100%
Southeast and 3rd in the
nation in vaccination coverage for children.
90% 76.5%
80%
74.6%
82.0%
82.4%
All children attending day
70%
76.0%
76.1%
care or school are required
65.5%
72.5%
to receive vaccines to
60%
protect against these
diseases: diphtheria,
50%
2002
2003
2004
2005
hepatitis B, Hib, measles,
mumps, rubella, pertussis, tetanus, varicella and polio.
Georgia
United States
Source: National Immunization Survey-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Percentage of Women 40 Years of Age and Older Who Have Received a Mammogram within the Past Two Years
100.0%
80.0% 60.0%
67.2%
65.8%
71.5%
72.7%
72.9%
70.2%
72.4%
76.1%
79.5%
76.0%
75.5%
74.5%
40.0%
20.0% 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
Percentage of Adults 65 Years of Age and Older Ever Vaccinated for Pneumococcal Disease
80.0%
60.0%
60.2%
57.9%
57.3%
61.0%
59.4%
48.5%
50.1%
49.7%
40.0%
20.0%
0.0%
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
38
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Georgia's Supply of Physicians Has Increased Over the Past Ten Years
Total Rate of Physicians per 100,000 Population in Georgia
205 202
200
195
193
190
192
193
192
185
182 180
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Source: Georgia Board for Physician Workforce
Although the supply of physicians has increased in Georgia, there has been a decline in per capita rates in the following specialties: anesthesiology, cardiovascular disease, gastroenterology, general surgery, neurological surgery, pulmonary disease, radiology, rheumatology, and urological surgery.
Geographic Distribution of Georgia's Physician Workforce
Specialty
Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Number Rate*
Family Practice
1633 18.8
Internal Medicine
2122 24.4
Pediatrics
1309
15.1
OB/GYN
934 10.8
General Surgery
579
6.7
*Rate per 100,000 population
Source: Georgia Board for Physician Workforce
Non-Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Number 660 530 279 237 154
Rate* 7.6 6.1 3.2 2.7 1.8
Access to physicians is more favorable in urban areas than in rural areas of the state.
The rate of pediatricians per 100,000 population is five times greater in urban areas than in rural areas.
39
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Health Insurance Coverage
Uninsured, 18%
Other Public, 2%
Medicare, 9%
Health Insurance Coverage--2005
Georgia
United States
Uninsured 16%
Other Public 1%
Employer, 53%
Medicare 12%
Employer 53%
Medicaid,
14% Individual,
4%
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, State Health Facts
Medicaid 13% Individual 5%
The number of uninsured in Georgia increased by 13% between 2004 and 2005 compared to a 2% increase in the number of uninsured nationwide. Approximately 1.7 million Georgians are uninsured. 82% of Georgians have some form of health insurance.
Uninsured in Georgia (non-elderly)
25% 20% 15%
19% 19%
18%
18%
19%
16%
21% 19%
10%
5%
0%
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Source: Custer and Ketsche, Robinson College, Georgia State University
Change in Uninsured Rate by Age: 2 Year Moving Average
40% 30% 20% 10%
2000/2001
2001/2002
2002/2003
Source: Custer and Ketsche, Robinson College, Georgia State University
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
40
2003/2004
2004/2005
Under 18 18-24 25-44 45-64
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
More Developmentally Disabled Consumers Are Served in the Community
18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
0
13,774
1,637 FY01
13,499
1,543 FY02
14,385
1,423 FY03
14,392
1,402 FY04
14,709
1,305 FY05
15,385
1,201 FY06
Mental Retardation/Developmentally Disabled Institutions
Mental Retardation/Developmentally Disabled Community Services
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Addictive Diseases
The number of developmentally disabled consumers served in state hospitals has steadily declined due to the emphasis on community services and placements.
In Georgia, 16,586 individuals have mental retardation or a developmental disability. In FY06, nearly 93% of these individuals received state services in the community.
Developmentally Disabled Consumers Served in Hospitals
2,500
2,059 2,004 1,947
2,000
1,685 1,640 1,637
1,500
1,543
1,423
1,402
1,305
1,201
1,064
1,000
500
0 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Addictive Disease
41
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States and in Georgia. These diseases account for 7 of every 10 deaths and are preventable through adoption of healthy behaviors. [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ]
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes all diseases of the heart and blood vessels, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertensive disease, and atherosclerosis.
In 2004 in Georgia: Cardiovascular disease accounted for 34% (22,378) of deaths. The CVD death rate was 14% higher than the national rate. CVD death rates were 1.4 times higher for men than for women. CVD death rates were 1.3 times higher for Blacks than for Whites.
Cardiovascular Disease Death Rates by County: 2000-2004
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Source: Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, August 2006 42
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Cancer Mortality Rates (per 100,000) in Georgia
215 210 205 200 195
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Georgia.
Cancer mortality rates in Georgia have declined at an average annual rate of 1.2% since 1990.
190 185 180
1995-1999 1996-2000 1997-2001 1998-2002 1999-2003 2000-2004
Lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers account for 57% of all cancer diagnosed and for 53% of all cancer deaths.
Source: Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry
Lung Cancer Mortality Rates--Georgia and the United States
70.0
60.0
63.5
64.7 59.6
62.1 61.4 59.0
62.2 61.2 59.6 59.6 59.0
58.6
58.4 57.9
57.5
57.1
55.5 56.1
55.3
54.9
50.0
40.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Georgia
United States
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
Breast Cancer Mortality Rates--Georgia and the United States Women by Race
40
35
30
25
20 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Georgia Black Women
United States Black Women
Georgia White Women
United States White Women
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
43
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100 Adult Population in Georgia
8
6.9
7.2
7.4
7.5
6.4
7
6.1
6
5.2
4.7
5 4.0 4.0 4.0
4
3 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Source: National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Prevention
More than 7% of Georgians are diabetic.
20.8 million people or 7% of the U.S. population have diabetes.
Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S.
Pneumonia Mortality Rates--Georgia and the United States
45.0
40.0
38.4 36.6 37.3 37.0 37.9
35.0
30.0 25.0 20.0
33.1 33.2 32.6 33.0 33.9
22.9 23.1 23.8 27.7 24.9
18.1
23.1
21.9
22.4
23.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Georgia United States
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
44
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Cervical Cancer Mortality Rates-- Georgia and the United States
4
3
2
1
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Georgia
United States
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Georgia 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.8 3 2.7 2.9
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
Cervical cancer is the eighth most common cancer in Georgia women.
The cervical cancer mortality rate has decreased from 3.3 to 2.9 from 1994 to 2004.
Each year from 1999 to 2003, about 120 Georgia women died from cervical cancer.
HIV/AIDS Mortality Rates--Georgia and the United States
25
20 19.1
20.6
15 16 16.1
16.2
10
11.5
9.3 8.5 9.4
8.8
8.4
8.2 7.6 7.8
5
6
4.9
5.3 5.2
5
4.9
0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Georgia United States
Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006
45
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A HEALTHY GEORGIA
Traffic Fatalities and Seat Belt Use
Traffic Fatalities in Georgia 1975 2005
1,800
1,700
1,729
1,600
1,500
1,562
1,541
1,400
1,488
1,300 1,360
1,361
1,200
1,100
1,000
1975
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Traffic fatalities in Georgia have increased 16% since 1995.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for the age group 3 to 14 years old.
Source: Federal Highway Administration
Seat Belt Use--Georgia and the United States
According to the National 100% Highway Traffic Safety
Administration's
90%
(NHTSA) study, The
Economic Impact of
Motor Vehicle Crashes
80%
2000, the use of safety
belts saved society $585
70%
billion in medical care,
lost productivity, and
60%
other injury-related
economic costs since
50%
1975.
40%
NHTSA's studies indicate
that when lap/shoulder
30%
safety belts are used
properly, they reduce the 20%
risk of fatal injury to front
seat occupants by 45%
10%
and the risk of moderate
to critical injury by 50%.
0%
Seat belt use by Georgia
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
drivers has increased 16.3% since 2000.
Georgia US
Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
46
GEORGIA IN
PERSPECTIVE
A SAFE GEORGIA
A SAFE GEORGIA
Public Safety
The Georgia Office of Homeland Security leads and directs the preparation, employment, and management of state resources to safeguard Georgia and its citizens against threats or acts of terrorism and the effects of natural disasters. This office also houses the Homeland Security Agency and the Georgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA).
GEMA's State Operations Center is the focal point for state response to emergencies in Georgia as well as coordinating a state response for disasters to other states such as Hurricane Katrina. The center is staffed by state, federal, local, volunteer, and private agencies.
Georgia's Criminal Justice Coordinating Council (CJCC) brings together many parts of the criminal justice community. Members represent the citizens, police, sheriffs, city and county officials, the school system, judges and other court officials as well as adult and juvenile corrections.
The CJCC administers about $30,000,000 in Federal grants annually. About half of the grant money goes to law enforcement and criminal justice system improvement. The remainder of the money goes to Georgia crime victims. In FY2006, the CJCC served 187,257 crime victims.
The Georgia Sheriffs' Association is a non-profit organization comprised of the 159 county elected Georgia sheriffs. GSA also sponsors Georgia Sheriff's Youth Homes, which provides five residences for about 100 children.
The Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police includes more than 1,000 municipal and county law enforcement agencies, college and university police departments, corporate and private security firms, citizens, and numerous state and federal agencies.
There are jails in 147 counties and several cities. Georgia has a jail capacity for more than 39,000 offenders.
Active Child Protective Services Cases
35,000
28,815 30,000
25,000
20,000
18,912
15,000
10,000
5,000
Additionally, the Department of Human Resources' Child Protective Services responds to reports of child abuse or neglect. More than 72,000 cases were investigated in FY2005.
The number of Child Protective Services active cases decreased 34%, from 28,815 in July 2004 to 18,912 in September 2006.
Jul-04 Sep-04 Nov-04 Jan-05 Mar-05 May-05 Jul-05 Sep-05 Nov-05 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06
0 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Source: Outcome Measures and Results, Child Welfare, September 2006, Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Family and Children Services
48
A SAFE GEORGIA
Judicial Branch of Georgia
MAGISTRATE COURT
159 courts, 159 chief magistrates, 354 magistrates.
Jurisdiction (limited): Search and arrest
warrants, felony and misdemeanor preliminaries, misdemeanor bad check violations, county ordinances. Civil claims of $15,000 or less, dispossessories, distress warrants. No jury trials.
PROBATE COURT
159 courts, 159 judges.
Jurisdiction (limited): Exclusive jurisdiction in
probate of wills, administration of estates, appointment of guardians, involuntary hospitalizations, marriage licenses. Traffic in some counties. Truancy in some counties. Hold courts of inquiry. Search warrants and arrest warrants in certain cases. Some misdemeanors.
JUVENILE COURT
159 courts, 120 judges and associate judges
Jurisdiction (limited): Deprived, unruly,
delinquent juveniles. Juvenile traffic. No jury trials.
STATE COURT
71 courts, 110 judges
Jurisdiction (limited): Civil law actions
except cases within the exclusive jurisdiction of superior court. Misdemeanors, traffic, felony preliminaries. Jury trials.
Counties with population over 96,000 where probate judge is attorney practicing at least seven years. Jury trials.
SUPERIOR COURT
49 circuits, 193 judges Jurisdiction (general): Civil law actions, misdemeanors, and
other cases. Exclusive jurisdiction over cases of
divorce, title to land, equity. Exclusive felony jurisdiction.
COURT OF APPEALS
12 judges (4 divisions) Jurisdiction : Appellate jurisdiction over trial courts in cases in which Supreme Court has no exclusive appellate jurisdiction.
SUPREME COURT
7 justices Jurisdiction: Appellate jurisdiction over cases of
constitutional issue, title to land, validity of and construction of wills, habeas corpus, extraordinary remedies, convictions of capital felonies, equity, divorce, alimony, election contest. Certified questions and certiorari from Court of Appeals.
As of January 2006.
49
Capital felonies, Constitutional issues, Title to land. Wills, equity, and divorce.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A SAFE GEORGIA
Georgia Bureau of Investigation
Investigative Hours AllocationDecember 2006
1.8%
The GBI spends most of its time
5.4% 1.9%
investigating crimes against persons,
9.0%
27.2%
including deaths, child abuse, sex crimes, assaults, kidnappings,
robberies, and terrorist acts.
About 1/4 of GBI's investigative
12.1%
hours are spent investigating
narcotics.
26.9%
Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation
15.6%
Crimes Against Persons Property Crimes Narcotics Polygraph and Background Exams Other Investigations Bomb Disposal Services Intelligence Examinations Crime Scene Specialists
Of the 6,223 investigative hours used to investigate narcotics, only 28 were used to investigate clandestine methamphetamine labs.
The number of clandestine meth labs in Georgia has decreased by 79% (projected) in 2 years, suggesting that meth is now entering Georgia already manufactured.
Clandestine Methamphetamine Labs in Georgia
400 371
350
300
250 228
200
150
100 78
50
0
FY05
FY06
Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation
FY07 projected
25,000 20,000
Drug Cases Submitted to the GBI
The GBI receives more cocaine cases than methamphetamine cases.
15,000
10,000
5,000
-
Cocaine Methamphetamine
2000 18,717 2,094
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
2001 19,204 3,321
2002 16,543 4,457
2003 14,180 5,575
2004
2005
2006
13,701 19,795 17,224
6,758 9,978 7,224 Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation
50
Cocaine cases decreased from 2001-2004 by 32%, and 13% from 2005-2006.
Methamphetamine cases have increased 377% from 2000-2005, but decreased by 28% in 2006.
A SAFE GEORGIA
Drug Offenses
According to the National Institute of Justice, up to 80% of offenders have some substance abuse problem related to their criminal activity.
The Office of National Drug Control Policy states that in-prison treatment followed by post-incarceration supervision can reduce recidivism by about 50%.
About one in three inmates admitted to Georgia prisons in FY2006 were sentenced for drug offenses. Many other inmates (about 37%) reported having substance abuse problems.
Methamphetamine-Related Admissions to Prison FY97-FY06
3,500
3,000
2,874
2,500
1,969
2,000
1,791
1,500
1,282
1,017
1,000
525
662
562
731
500 339
0
FY97
FY98
FY99
FY00
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
Of all drug arrests in Georgia in 2005: 11% were methamphetamine-related (more than 7,200) 60% were marijuana-related and 36% were cocaine-related.
Although most of the inmates admitted to prison on drug offenses in FY06 were convicted of cocaine-related offenses, methamphetamine-related offenses are a growing problem.
Prison admissions for methamphetamine-related offenses increased from 339 in FY96 to 2,874 in FY06--more than 700%.
51
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A SAFE GEORGIA
GEORGIA JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM FLOW
State of Georgia Juvenile Intake Process
State of Georgia Assessment
and Placements
for Adjudicated
Juveniles Under 17 Years of Age
Assessment or Decision
Disposition
Placement
Taken Into Custody or Referral of Youth
Court/DJJ Detain
Juvenile Court and DJJ
Decision /DAI
DAI - Detention Assessment
Instrument
Performed By DJJ and Independent
Court
In Community Placement
At Home With Parent or Guardian
Out of Home Residential Non-Secure Emergency
Regional Youth Detention Center
(RYDC)
Dismissed / Released
Proceed Filing With
DA
DJJ Performs RYDC Function
Informal Adjustment /
Diverted
Dismissed / Released
Dismissed / Released
Independent Court
Probation Supervision Placement At Home With Parent or Guardian
DA Petition
Decide not to file
District Attorney Office
File Charges with Juvenile Court
SB440 >= 13 Year of Age
Juvenile Courts
Adjudication and
Disposition
Superior Court
Department
Of
Corrections
Probation
Short Term Program
Commitment
Comprehensive Risk Needs Assessment
CRN I
Probation Dependent Court Served by DJJ
Regional Youth Detention Center RYDC Awaiting
Placement
Comprehensive Risk Needs Assessment
CRN I & II
Probation Supervision Placement At Home With Parent or Guardian
Short Term Program STP in Youth Development Campus YDC -
Secure Confinement
Short Term Program Court
Ordered Alternative Special Needs Residential
Georgia Dept. of Juvenile Justice
Commitment Supervision Placement at Home With Parent or
Guardian
Commitment Out of Home Placement Residential - Non
Secure
Commitment Youth Development Campus YDC Long
Term Secure Confinement
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice 52
A SAFE GEORGIA
Juvenile Justice FY06 Placements
YDC RYDC 6% 6%
Non-Secure Residential
5%
Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice
Community 83%
Department of Juvenile Justice
83% (17,051) juveniles referred to the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) are placed in community settings.
Another 1,111 (5%) of the juveniles referred to DJJ are placed in non-secure residential settings.
6% (1,240) go to youth development campuses (YDCs), the most secure juvenile corrections facilities in Georgia.
Only 18% of youth were referred to DJJ for violent offenses or violent sex offenses.
However, 39% of the youth placed in YDCs during FY06 were serving sentences for violent offenses or violent sex offenses.
Status offenses include runaway, truancy, ungovernable and unruly.
DJJ FY06 Admissions by Offense
Drugs
Other
8%
19%
Property 21%
Violent and Sex 18%
Status 19% Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice
Public Order 15%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
4.3%
5%
0% Drugs
Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice
YDC FY06 Placements by Offense 38.7%
33.3%
13.2%
0.5%
Property
Public Order
Status
53
Violent and Sex
10.0%
Other
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A SAFE GEORGIA
Juvenile Crime
Juvenile Arrests 1996-2005
60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000
0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation--Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC)
The juvenile arrest rate decreased during the late nineties but began increasing again in 2001.
About 76% of juvenile arrests are referred to court.
About 22% of the arrests are handled within the police department, and about 2% of the offenders are referred to the Division of Family and Children Services (DFCS).
Juvenile Arrest Dispositions 2001-2005
Year 2001
Handled Within Dept.
7,558
Referred to
Juvenile Court
26,653
Referred to
DFCS
1,144
Referred to Other
Police Dept.
292
Referred to Adult/
Criminal Court
Total Dispositions
4,086
39,731
% to Court
77.4%
2002
8,714
26,762
970
443
2003
8,792
28,562
930
706
2004
9,453
32,105
2,070
856
2005
9,133
30,161
893
831
4,751 4,171 5,292 4,233
41,640 43,161 49,776 45,251
75.7% 75.8% 75.1% 76.0%
Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation--Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC)
In FY06, the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) served more than 55,000 youth.
Very few juveniles who are under age 13 are referred to DJJ. More than half of the 2005 referrals to DJJ were youth age 15 or 16.
Two-thirds of these youth were boys.
About 45% of the youth were White, the rest were minority youth (49% Black, 4% Hispanic, and 2% some other race).
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
54
A SAFE GEORGIA
Adult Corrections
Make laws
O P B FFICE OF LANNING AND UDGET
55
2
5/16/2007
Conceptualized by Dr. Timothy Carr Georgia Department of Corrections
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A SAFE GEORGIA
Adult Corrections
Adult Offenders in Georgia--2006
Prisoners
55,869
Parolees
23,556
State Probationers
143,800
Private/County Probationers*
228,216
Federal Probationers*
3,254
Jail Inmates Total *
* estimate Nov. 2006
Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
36,785 488,045
About 488,000 Georgians are under some form of correctional supervision.
Georgia ranks 6th in the nation in prison incarceration rate.
The number of inmates in state prison and probationers in state community correctional facilities increased 87.2% between 1994 & 2006, growing from 30,810 in 1994 to 57,665 in December 2006.
Year-End 2005 Prison Incarceration Rates per 100,000 Residents
Rank Rate
Place
491
United States
1
797
Louisiana
2
691
Texas
3
682
Mississippi
4
652
Oklahoma
5
591
Alabama
6
533
Georgia
7
529
Missouri
8
525
South Carolina
9
521
Arizona
10
499
Florida
Source: US Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics
70,000
Inmate and Probation Facility Population
60,000 50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Inmate Facilities 32,950 34,068 34,872 36,191 38,971 41,602 43,859 45,814 46,991 46,989 47,985 49,143 52,626 Prob. Facilities 3,076 3,555 3,543 3,898 4,231 4,028 4,429 4,752 5,253 5,295 5,514 4,811 5,039
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
56
A SAFE GEORGIA
Profile of Current Prison Inmates and Current Probationers
Prison Inmates
Current Probationers
49,127 Men*
3,508 Women*
107,995 Men*
31,752 Women*
Black/White: 63%/37% Black/White: 47%/53% Black/White: 51%/48% Black/White: 44%/55%
Average age = 36
Average age = 36
Average age = 35
Average age = 35
61% single
53% single
Offense:
Offense:
Highest grade: 10
Highest grade: 11
23% violent/sex
12% violent/sex
Absent father: 42%
Absent father: 32%
31% property
48% property
58% are parents
73% are parents
37% drug
35% drug
Number of children: 62,890
Offense:
Number of children: 6,952
Offense:
*As of Nov. 2006
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
59% violent/sex
39% violent/sex
20% property
34% property
16% drug
25% drug
*As of Nov. 2006
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
2006 State Daily Cost by Offender Placement
The various center placement options are less costly than prison placement. Many offenders in these centers are able to hold jobs and pay for part of their upkeep.
Prison placement is the most expensive form of offender supervision ($46.06 per offender per day).
Security and medical costs account for most of this expense (45% and 22%, respectively).
$1.29 Regular Probation Supervision $3.40 Intensive Probation Supervision $9.15 Day Reporting Centers $30.21 Diversion Centers $39.19 Transitional Centers $42.29 Detention Centers $43.59 Private Prisons $46.06 State Prisons
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Percent reconvicted within 3 years
A SAFE GEORGIA
Reconviction
Three-year Felony Reconviction Rate by Facility Type
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year of release from prison
Transitional Center Probation Success
County Camp Detention Centers
State Prison, IBC, annexes Diversion Centers
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
Georgia defines offender recidivism as reconviction for a felony offense. Typically, the data are reported as a three-year rate (i.e., offenders released from prison who return to prison on a felony reconviction within three years).
Probation is the least costly form of offender supervision and has the lowest felony reconviction rate.
Offenders who successfully complete probation have the lowest 3-year felony reconviction rate (about 10%).
Offenders released from state prisons, inmate boot camps and prison annexes have the highest 3-year felony reconviction rate (about 28%).
Offenders released from transitional centers have about a 20% 3-year felony reconviction rate.
Some variations in these felony reconviction rates can be explained by the type of offender serving a sentence on probation in the community versus the type of offender serving a sentence in prison.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
58
A SAFE GEORGIA
Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles
80% 70% 61% 60% 50% 45% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
FY1998
Average Parole Completion Rates--Georgia and U.S.
72%
68%
68%
64%
61%
61%
60%
60%
Begin stricter counting method
43%
43%
46%
45%
47%
47%
46%
45%
FY1999 FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006
Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
Georgia
US
Profile of Current Parolees
(as of Nov. 2006)
21,207 Men
2,659 Women
Black/White: 63%/37% Black/White: 47%/53%
Average age = 38
Average age = 39
Offense:
Offense:
18% violent/sex
12% violent/sex
28% property
42% property
41% drug
Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
36% drug
Crime Type of Active Parolees
Other
Violent/Sex
10%
18%
Drug
Property
43%
29%
Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
Seven out of ten parolees are serving sentences for drug or property crimes.
Many parolees over age 60 are serving sentences for violent crimes as these crimes often have life sentences. In January 2007, there were 627 parolees age 60 and older.
More than 80% of parolees are employed. Each day of employment while on parole reduces the parolee's likelihood of arrest by 1%. Only 49% of parolees were employed prior to incarceration.
7,866 parolees entered drug treatment in FY06. About 76% of parolees have substance abuse problems. Each month of attending treatment programs during parole means a 2% reduction in the likelihood of arrest.
In FY06, parolees paid $4.35 million back into the state treasury in parole supervision fees,
restitution, and victims' compensation fees.
59
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A SAFE GEORGIA
Prison Population and Parole Population FY91--FY06
60,000
52,232
50,000
40,000 30,000
23,005
20,000
23,302 10,000
23,808
0 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06
Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
Inmate Population
Parole Population
FY06 Cost Per Day
Probation Supervision $ 1.29 Parole Supervision $ 4.08 Prison Incarceration $46.06
Georgia has the 7th highest parole population in the United States.
Georgia's FY06 cost per day of parolee supervision ($4.08) is 42% less than the 2002 national average of $6.94.
Inmates who leave prison at the expiration of their sentence are known as "maxouts".
The number of maxouts more than doubled over the past 15 years.
Parole Releases and Prison Maxouts FY91--FY06
18,000 16,772
16,000
14,000 11,525
12,000
10,000
Maxouts account for
8,000
6,456
36% of all releases, up
from 13% in FY91.
6,000
In FY91, there were almost as many offenders on parole as there were in prison. By FY06 there were twice as many offenders in prison as on parole.
4,000 2,397
2,000
0 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06
Board Releases
Maxouts
Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
60
GEORGIA IN
PERSPECTIVE
BEST MANAGED STATE
BEST MANAGED STATE
Best Managed State
Governor Sonny Perdue has set a goal to make Georgia the Best Managed State in America.
The Governor's vision is clear-- to ensure that in all endeavors, stewards of the state are mindful of some very basic principles that:
Inspire innovation and productivity by empowering our state employees on the frontlines by cutting unnecessary bureaucracy, cutting unnecessary regulation, and providing incentives for an effective and efficient state government; and, Ensure that the state is a good steward of the public treasury by creating a results-oriented government where productivity and outcomes carry a higher priority than the politics-ofthe-day.
Georgia is now the nation's ninth-largest state with a budget of $20 billion.
How State Dollars Are Spent (FY2007) HB 1027
Healthy Georgia 20.5%
Safe Georgia 8.2%
Best Managed State 6.6%
Educated Georgia 55.6%
Growing Georgia 4.5%
Debt Service 4.6%
Policy Area: Educated Georgia Healthy Georgia Safe Georgia Best Managed State Growing Georgia Debt Service
Total: State Funds Appropriations
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
62
$10,375,458,536 3,825,853,820 1,523,835,506 1,226,320,822 835,732,897 867,362,477
$18,654,564,058
BEST MANAGED STATE
Debt Management Plan
Georgia has implemented a formal debt management plan to help the State fund ongoing spending priorities for projects such as new schools and highways.
The plan guides the State in determining the proper level of bonds that can be sold to meet these needs without jeopardizing its triple-A rating. The better a state's bond rating, the lower the interest it must pay for borrowing.
The 2007 Debt Management Plan sets three limits: maximum debt ratios as measured by debt service to prior year revenues, debt to personal income, and debt per capita. The plan then uses these limits as benchmarks for determining the estimated bond obligations the state can incur during the plan years.
Debt Ratio
Debt Service to Prior Year Revenues Debt to Personal Income Debt per Capita
Maximum Levels Without GARVEEs
7.0% 3.5% $1,200
Maximum Levels With GARVEEs
8.0% 4.0% $1,500
Note: GARVEE bonds are taxexempt debt instrument financing mechanisms backed by annual federal appropriations for federalaid transportation projects.
The 2006 Debt Management Plan showed debt ratio levels comfortably below maximum levels set by the State:
Debt Service to Prior Year Receipts**
Debt Service to Current Year Receipts**
Debt to Personal Income
Debt per Capita
Projected Debt Ratios without GARVEEs
Triple-A Maximum Average Plan Level
2007
2008
2009
NA*
7.0%
6.45%
6.19%
6.30%
NA*
NA
6.16%
5.88%
6.01%
3.3% $915
3.5% $1,200
2.67% $881
2.71% $935
2.71% $973
2010 6.42% 6.10% 2.63% $981
2011
2012
6.33% 6.01% 2.54% $985
6.03% 5.73% 2.47% $990
Debt to Actual Value
----
NA
0.99%
1.03%
1.06%
1.05%
1.03% 1.02%
Note: Peak debt ratios shown in bold. Based on debt outstanding at the end of the year.
*Georgia's constitutional debt limit is for both general obligation and guaranteed revenue debt, the highest aggregate annual debt service requirements, including pro-
posed debt, for the current year or any subsequent year, cannot exceed 10 percent of the prior year's total treasury receipts. In addition, 10 percent is the standard used by
rating agency analysts as a warning level that should not be exceeded, as a greater percentage could place too heavy a fixed-cost burden on the budget, thereby limiting
fiscal flexibility.
**Debt service includes amounts authorized, but currently unissued.
Projected Debt Ratios with GARVEEs
Debt Service to Prior Year Receipts + Federal Reimbursements Debt Service to Current Year Receipts + Federal Reimbursements
Debt to Personal Income
Triple-A Average
NA*
NA*
3.3%
Maximum Plan Level
8.0%
NA
4.0%
2007 6.43% 6.15% 2.84%
2008 6.51% 6.19% 3.03%
2009 7.00%
2010
2011
2012
7.44% 7.55% 7.18%
6.68%
7.08% 7.17% 6.83%
3.19%
3.25% 3.22% 3.06%
Debt per Capita
$915
$1,500
$934
$1,043
$1,147
$1,213 $1,247 $1,228
Debt to Actual Value
----
NA
1.05%
1.15%
1.25%
1.29%
1.31% 1.26%
Note: Peak debt ratios shown in bold. Based on debt outstanding at the end of the year.
*Georgia's constitutional debt limit is for both general obligation and guaranteed revenue debt, the highest aggregate annual debt service requirements, including proposed debt, for the current year or any subsequent year, cannot exceed 10 percent of the prior year's total treasury receipts. In addition, 10 percent is the standard used by rating agency analysts as a warning level that should not be exceeded, as a greater percentage could place too heavy a fixed-cost burden on the budget, thereby limiting fiscal flexibility.
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
BEST MANAGED STATE
Laffer Report Ranks Georgia's Economic Outlook #1 in the Nation
Economist Arthur Laffer ranked Georgia's economic outlook first in the nation as of March 2006, followed by Virginia, Delaware, Arkansas and North Carolina.
Georgia's ranking has risen to number one over the past four years from 24th in 2002.
Georgia's success is credited in large part to its commitment to reducing the tax burden on its citizens and businesses over the past four years. This comes over a four-year period during which states as a whole have raised taxes annually.
Laffer also praised Georgia's 2005 decision to determine corporate income taxes based on sales alone, a move that he predicts might save businesses $100 million annually.
Arthur Laffer is the developer of the "Laffer Curve," which illustrates the theory that cutting taxes in certain situations can lead to an increase in economic activity and government revenue.
For more than two decades, Laffer Associates has specialized in the analysis of state and local economic policies.
Laffer's annual study is a seven-category analysis that compares state tax and fiscal policies.
A copy of the Laffer Report is available at www.gov.state.ga.us.
Laffer Report: State and Local Tax Revenue by Type of Tax (FY 2003)
Tax Type
GA
US
Individual Income Taxes Corporate Income / Corporate License Taxes Property Taxes General Sales Taxes Selective Sales Taxes * Motor Fuel Taxes * Alcoholic Beverage Taxes * Tobacco Taxes * Public Utility Taxes * Other Selective Sales Taxes
25.80% 21.20% 2.20% 4.00% 29.10% 31.60% 31.00% 24.40%
2.80% 1.10% 0.50% 0.90% 3.10%
3.60% 0.50% 1.30% 2.20% 4.00%
Motor Vehicle License Taxes Other Taxes
0.90% 1.90% 2.80% 5.30% 100.00% 100.00%
Georgia Maintains Highest Credit Rating
During September 2005, the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission (GSFIC) approved $506 million in new bonds and refinanced $425 million in existing bonds, resulting in the largest bond issuance in state history or more than $931 million.
Georgia is one of only seven states currently rated triple-A by all three of the major bond rating agencies.
Through sound financial management the refinancing of existing bonds at a low interest rate of 3.9% will save $27.2 million.
As of June 30, 2006, the State of Georgia maintained these investment service bond ratings:
Moody's Investors Service Standard & Poor's Corporation
Aaa AAA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Fitch's Investor's Service Incorporated
64
AAA
BEST MANAGED STATE
Human Resources
With the best managed human resources system in the nation, Georgia boasts strengths in four of the five areas of personnel management: Strategic Workforce Planning, Hiring, Retaining Employees, Managing Employee Performance and Training and Development. Workforce planning is required by law for executive agencies in the state. Agency strategic planning incorporates business, technology, workforce, and budget planning at the same time, allowing for a truly comprehensive and interlinked strategic direction. Future workforce gaps can be identified by the agency and incorporated into the budget process. The state places great emphasis on competencies by maintaining and building on a centralized database. Aided by its interactive recruitment website, Georgia hires new employees quickly. Every state employee is evaluated through a pay for performance system that rewards workers with bonuses for their respective rating and achievements.
--Government Performance Project
As of July 2006, the State of Georgia employed 142,024 people.
State Government Employment by Function FY2006
Public Safety, 16.3%
Economic Development and Assistance, 3.2% Culture and
Recreation, 2.1% Conservation, .05%
Transportation, 4.0%
Georgia Technology Authority, .04%
Health and Welfare, 15.5%
Education, .08%
General Government, 4.8%
Higher Education Fund, 52.3%
General Government Education Health and Welfare Transportation Public Safety Economic Development and Assistance
Culture and Recreation
Conservation Georgia Technology Authority Higher Education Fund
Number of Employees
6,779 1,129 22,170 5,769 23,266
4,589
2,945 742
562
74,635
Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2006, reported by Georgia Department of Audits and Accounts
Note: Employees of certain business-type activities organizations are included in Governmental Activities as follows: Employees of the State Employees' Health Benefit Plan are included as employees of the Department of Community Health in Health
and Welfare. Employees of the Unemployment Compensation Fund are included as employees of the Department of Labor in Economic Development
and Assistance.
65
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
BEST MANAGED STATE
Commission for a New Georgia
Governor Perdue created the Commission for a New Georgia in 2003, as an independent, privately-funded business-sector advisory council, to streamline government operations, and to analyze state government for increased efficiency.
The Commission brings an outside perspective and enterprise thinking to the workings of state government, and recommends business-tested tools and best practices to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
Commission objectives are directed at best value for the tax dollar, operational cost savings
that will free up funds for higher priorities,
increased accountability and transparency in
managing state assets, streamlined management capabilities through enterprise-wide systems, and customer-centered services.
[Governor] Perdue has taken some important first steps. His foremost effort so far has been the creation of the Commission for a New Georgia, a public-private partnership to analyze
state government for increased efficiency.
Since 2003, the Commission has launched 17 short-term task forces of private-sector experts and pro bono consultants to analyze administrative processes and modernize
With more permanent status than a traditional blue-ribbon group, the commission is divided into a dozen smaller task forces that focus on issues ranging from procurement of supplies to
business systems and strategies.
tourism promotion and workforce training. The commission has come out for restructured
The Governor's Office of Implementation was established in 2004 to lead inter-agency
management of state-owned property and a leadership institute to better develop the state's workforce.
efforts to put the initiatives into action.
One change already in place is the appointment
As of December 2006, Commission initiatives
of a Director of Implementation -- which in itself provides hope that the commission rec-
implemented in government have generated
ommendations won't languish on a shelf.
$21.9 million in estimated savings. (This amount does not include cost avoidance and
----Governing: Grading the States `05
proceeds from property sales used to
renovate state office buildings.)
The Commission for a New Georgia Task Forces engaged more than 300 knowledgeable citizens and reported key findings, issues, and recommendations for:
Tourism
Receivables
Procurement
Space Management
Capital Construction
Fleet Management I and II
Workforce Development
Administrative Services
Strategic Industries
Leadership Development
Customer Service
Aviation
Public Finance Options
Competitiveness
Eminent Scholars Think Tank Session
Community Care for Behavioral Health, and Developmental Disabilities
Telecommunications & Technology
State Health Benefits Plan
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
66
67
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
BEST MANAGED STATE
BEST MANAGED STATE
Customer Service in Georgia State Government:
Governor Sonny Perdue appointed Georgia's Customer Service Task Force in January 2005. Its recommendations followed several months later:
Develop a customer-focused culture Imbed a process improvement methodology to speed up service delivery Improve the performance of existing call centers Create a General Information Center (GIC) as a single point of access for state services
Each Georgia citizen who walks through our door for a government service is an opportunity. It is my intention that Georgia government employees will take advantage of those opportunities, showing citizens that we respect and value their time. --Governor Sonny Perdue
In January 2006, Governor Perdue endorsed the recommendations, and the plans were shared with agency heads during the Governor's Customer Service Summit.
In July 2006, 42 executive agencies, including the University System of Georgia, launched their Customer Service Improvement Plans in conjunction with Governor Perdue's kickoff event. Employees all over the state, more than 130,000 strong, joined in this effort, proving that we are one organization, with one goal "Team Georgia. Ready to Serve."
First Year Results:
Driver Services Typical waits of 1 to 2 hours have been eliminated. Average time to be served now just over 6 minutes. In June 2005, only 79% of Department of Driver Services (DDS) customers were served within 30 minutes. Currently about 97% of DDS customers are served within 30 minutes.
Child Support Services Developed a process to slash the time to prepare a child support order for court action from 4 months to same day service. Process time for enforcement actions is being reduced by 2/3 (90 days to 30 days). Statewide implementation of these new processes began in April, 2006.
Call Center Improvement The average time to answer a call has been reduced from 4:42 minutes to 1:39 minutes. The target time is 0:37 minute. The percentage of calls not answered decreased from 17.3% to 11% . The target percentage is 7.5%. Time on hold was reduced by 65%, from 5 minutes to 2 minutes, saving constituents 3 minutes per call. Abandonment rates down; 600,000 more constituent calls were answered. These improvements were accomplished with the same staff, same amount of money. The General Information Call Center will begin implementation in May 2007. A directory of services and information to help call center staff answer and direct questions is currently being developed.
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
68
GEORGIA IN
PERSPECTIVE
SOURCES
A Growing Georgia
Governor's Office of Planning and Budget http://www.opb.state.ga.us/ US Census Bureau http://www.census.gov Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts http://bea.gov/bea/regional/data.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/home.htm Bureau of Transportation Statistics http://www.bts.gov/ US Commerce Department Exports http://tse.export.gov/ US Agriculture Department http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome American Community Survey http://www.census.gov/acs/www/ American Housing Survey http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/ahs/ahs.html UGA Georgia Statistics System http://www.georgiastats.uga.edu/ Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson Airport http://www.atlanta-airport.com/ GA Ports Authority http://www.gaports.com/index2.html GA Department of Economic Development http://www.georgia.org/ Georgia Trend Magazine http://georgiatrend.com/
An Educated Georgia
Georgia Department of Education http://public.doe.k12.ga.us/ Georgia Student Finance Commission http://www.gsfc.org/Main/dsp_main.cfm Georgia Board of Regents http://www.usg.edu/ Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education http://www.dtae.org/ Governor's Office of Student Achievement http://www.gaosa.org/ Bright from the Start http://www.decal.state.ga.us/
A Healthy Georgia
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/ Annie E. Casey Foundation Kids Count http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/ Kaiser Foundation http://www.kff.org/ National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy http://www.teenpregnancy.org/ Georgia Department of Human Resources http://dhr.georgia.gov/portal/site/DHR/ Georgia Department of Community Health http://dch.georgia.gov/ Georgia Division of Family and Children Services http://dfcs.dhr.georgia.gov/portal/site Georgia Division of Public Health http://health.state.ga.us/ Georgia Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Addictive Disease http://mhddad.dhr.georgia.gov/portal/site/DHR-MHDDAD/
Georgia Board for Physician Workforce http://gbpw.georgia.gov/02/gbpw/home/0,2515,49259818,00.html Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry http://www.georgiacancer.org/html/edu-cancerregistry.php Voices for Georgia's Children http://www.georgiavoices.org/
A Safe Georgia
Federal Bureau of Investigation http://www.fbi.gov/ Bureau of Justice Statistics http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin May 2006, NCJ 213133 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Highlights Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2005 National Institute of Justice http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat5.section.37532 National Criminal Justice Reference Service http://www.ncjrs.gov/ National Criminal Justice Reference Service substance abuse http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/jr000244e.pdf Office of National Drug Control Policy http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/ National Highway Traffic Safety Association http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ Child fatalities http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/CHILDRENTSF05.PDF Seat belt usage http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/809970.PDF http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810690.PDF Traffic fatalities 1975-2005 http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/STATETRAFFICDATA05.PDF Youth Internet Safety Survey http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/ Georgia Department of Corrections http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/ Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice http://www.djj.state.ga.us/ Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles http://www.pap.state.ga.us/opencms/opencms/ Georgia Bureau of Investigation http://www.state.ga.us/gbi/ Georgia Bureau of Investigation juvenile arrests http://www.state.ga.us/gbi/2005ucrsum.html#juvarrestdis Georgia Bureau of Investigation crime data http://www.ganet.org/gbi/stcrime_100k.html Georgia Criminal Justice Coordinating Council http://www.state.ga.us/cjcc/index.html Georgia Alliance for Drug Endangered Children http://www.georgiadec.org/ "The Impact of Methamphetamine on Georgia" Applied Research Services http://www.ars-corp.com/
Best Managed State
Laffer Associates, Laffer State Competitive Environment, A Supply-Side Ranking of the States As of March 2006 Report http://www.gov.state.ga.us
Governing State & Local Source Book 2006 Governing: Grading the States `05 GA Department of Economic Development http://www.georgia.org/ Georgia Trend Magazine http://georgiatrend.com/ State of Georgia Comprehensive Annual Financial Report June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2006 The Fiscal Survey of States, December 2006, National Governors Association, National Association of State Budget Officers Report Commission for New Georgia http://www.newgeorgia.org Governor's Office of Customer Service Georgia Merit System http://www.gms.state.ga.us/ Governor's Office of Planning and Budget http://www.opb.state.ga.us/ Office of the Governor http://www.gov.state.ga.us/