GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2007: A STATISTICAL PROFILE OF THE STATE PREPARED BY: GOVERNOR'S OFFICE OF PLANNING AND BUDGET 270 WASHINGTON ST. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30334 APRIL 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS A Growing Georgia ........................................................................................................................1 Georgia's Population Growth and Change...................................................................................... 2 Georgia's Population 1900 to 2015 ................................................................................................... 2 Population Growth in Southeast during the 1990s .......................................................................... 2 Migration Patterns............................................................................................................................ 3 Components of Population Growth 1991-2006 ................................................................................ 3 Domestic and International Migration ............................................................................................. 3 International Immigration............................................................................................................... 4 Demographics ................................................................................................................................... 5 2004 Georgia Births by Race/Ethnicity............................................................................................ 5 2015 Georgia Population Projection by Race/Ethnicity................................................................... 5 Age Group Shift 2000-2015 .............................................................................................................. 5 Age Group Shift by Race/Ethnicity 2000 and 2015 ......................................................................... 5 Georgia Revenue Estimates FY2007 and FY2008 & Revenue Projections FY2009 to FY2012.... 6 Georgians' Income Continues to Rise............................................................................................... 7 Per Capita Income 1995-2005........................................................................................................... 7 Median Household Income ............................................................................................................... 7 Job Growth in Georgia ..................................................................................................................... 8 Job Sector Mix ................................................................................................................................... 8 Unemployment Rate.......................................................................................................................... 8 Value of Georgia's Exports ................................................................................................................ 9 Direct Tourism Expenditures............................................................................................................ 9 Gross Domestic Product .................................................................................................................. 10 Value of Agricultural Products ........................................................................................................ 10 Georgia is a Major Transportation and Logistics Hub for the SE and Nation............................ 11 Georgia Ports Annual Tonnage ........................................................................................................ 11 Total Cargo Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport................................................................... 12 Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport Total Passengers .......................................................... 12 Highway Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) ......................................................................................... 12 Poverty Rate--Georgia and the US.................................................................................................. 13 Poverty Thresholds .......................................................................................................................... 13 TANF Cases July 2004-September 2006 ....................................................................................... 13 Georgia Housing is 8.3% More Affordable than the Average US Housing ................................. 14 Cost of Housing Index ..................................................................................................................... 14 Homeownership Rates .................................................................................................................... 14 An Educated Georgia...................................................................................................................15 Educational Attainment.................................................................................................................. 16 Education Attainment of Georgians Ages 25 and Older: 1960-2005 ............................................ 16 Georgia Median Earnings and Employment Rate by Level of Education ..................................... 16 Pre-K Students by School Year.........................................................................................................17 K-12 Total Enrollment 1994-2006 .................................................................................................. 18 K-12 Students by Race and Ethnicity .............................................................................................. 18 Students with Disabilities ............................................................................................................... 19 National Assessment of Fourth-- and Eighth--Graders...............................................................20 Fourth Grade and Eighth Grade National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) Math Scores ...............................................................................................................................................20 Fourth Grade and Eighth Grade NAEP Reading Scores ................................................................20 Georgia High School Graduation Test........................................................................................... 21 Percentage Passing GHSGT Sections.............................................................................................. 21 High School Graduation Rate.......................................................................................................... 21 High School Dropout Rate............................................................................................................... 21 SAT Score and Ranking .................................................................................................................. 22 Georgia Average SAT Scores 1995-2006......................................................................................... 22 Georgia ACT Scores Highest in Eight Years .................................................................................. 23 Georgia Average ACT Score 1995-2006.......................................................................................... 23 Nearly 80% of Georgia Schools Made Adequate Yearly Progress in 2006 ................................. 24 Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) of Georgia Schools 2005-2006.................................................. 24 Number of Schools in Needs Improvement Status 2003-2006..................................................... 24 Average Salaries of Teachers Remain Competitive ...................................................................... 25 2005-2006 Salaries of SREB States................................................................................................ 25 Average Instructor Salary at Four-Year and Two-Year Institutions.............................................. 25 Technical and Adult Education ...................................................................................................... 26 Technical College Enrollment ......................................................................................................... 26 Employment of Technical College Award Recipients..................................................................... 26 Earnings Of Technical College Strategic Industry Graduates........................................................ 27 Adult Literacy Program Graduates ................................................................................................. 27 University System Enrollment Growing in Number and Diversity.............................................28 Enrollment in the University System of Georgia ............................................................................28 University System Minority Enrollment.........................................................................................28 Foreign Student Enrollment in the University System .................................................................. 29 First Year Retention Rates............................................................................................................... 29 College Graduation Rates ...............................................................................................................30 SixYear Graduation Rates of Freshmen Attending Four-Year USG Institutions .......................30 Three-Year Graduation & Transfer Rates of Freshmen Attending USG Two-Year Colleges........30 Research Awards Received by University System of Georgia ..................................................... 31 Research Fund Resources Fall 2004 to Fall 2005.......................................................................... 31 Georgia College Tuition Lowest, Most Affordable Among Southern States................................ 32 Service-Cancelable Loans ................................................................................................................ 32 HOPE Scholarship and Grant Program .......................................................................................... 33 Tuition Equalization Grants (TEG)................................................................................................. 33 University System of Georgia: Facility Locations ......................................................................... 34 A Healthy Georgia ....................................................................................................................... 35 What Determines Health?............................................................................................................... 36 Health Status in Georgia.................................................................................................................. 36 Lifestyle ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Teen Pregnancy Rates--Georgia and the United States ................................................................. 37 Percentage of Adults Who are Obese--Georgia and the United States ......................................... 37 Percentage of Adults Who Smoke--Georgia and the United States .............................................. 37 Children's Vaccination Rate--Georgia and the United States........................................................38 Percentage of Women Who Have Received a Mammogram Within the Last Two Years .............38 Percentage of Adults Ever Vaccinated for Pneumococcal Disease ................................................38 Total Rate of Physicians Per 100,000 Population in Georgia........................................................ 39 Geographic Distribution of Georgia's Physician Workforce .......................................................... 39 Health Insurance Coverage ............................................................................................................40 Health Insurance Coverage--US and Georgia 2005 ......................................................................40 Uninsured in Georgia (non-elderly)................................................................................................40 Change in Uninsured Rate by Age: 2 year moving average ...........................................................40 More Developmentally Disabled Consumers Are Served in the Community ............................. 41 Developmentally Disabled Consumers Served in Hospitals .......................................................... 41 Deaths from Heart Disease 1999-2003 .......................................................................................... 42 Cardiovascular Disease Death Rates by County: 2000-2004........................................................ 42 Cancer Mortality Rates in Georgia .................................................................................................. 43 Age-adjusted Lung Cancer Mortality Rates 1994-2004................................................................. 43 Age-adjusted Breast Cancer Mortality Rates by Race 1994-2004 ................................................. 43 Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100 Adult Population in Georgia...................................... 44 Age-adjusted Pneumonia Mortality Rates 1994-2004................................................................... 44 Cervical Cancer Mortality Rates ..................................................................................................... 45 HIV/AIDS Mortality Rates ............................................................................................................ 45 Traffic Fatalities and Seat Belt Use................................................................................................ 46 Traffic Fatalities in Georgia 1975-2005 .......................................................................................... 46 Seat Belt Use--Georgia and U.S. ..................................................................................................... 46 A Safe Georgia.............................................................................................................................. 47 Public Safety ....................................................................................................................................48 Active Child Protective Services Cases............................................................................................48 Judicial Branch of Georgia............................................................................................................. 49 Georgia Bureau of Investigation.................................................................................................... 50 Investigative Hours Allocation--December 2006 .......................................................................... 50 Clandestine Methamphetamine Labs in Georgia ........................................................................... 50 Drug Cases Submitted to the GBI ................................................................................................... 50 Drug Offenses ...................................................................................................................................51 Methamphetamine-Related Admissions to Prison FY97-FY06......................................................51 DJJ System Flow.............................................................................................................................. 52 Juvenile Crime................................................................................................................................. 53 Juvenile Arrests and Dispositions................................................................................................... 53 Department of Juvenile Justice ...................................................................................................... 54 Juvenile Justice FY06 Placements .................................................................................................. 54 DJJ Admissions by Offense............................................................................................................. 54 YDC Placements by Offense ............................................................................................................ 54 Criminal Justice System Flow ......................................................................................................... 55 Adult Corrections ............................................................................................................................ 56 Adult Offenders in Georgia--2006.................................................................................................. 56 2005 Prison Incarceration Rates per 100,000 Residents .............................................................. 56 Inmate and Probation Facility Population ..................................................................................... 56 Profile of Current Prison Inmates and Current Probationers........................................................ 57 2006 State Daily Cost by Offender Placement ............................................................................... 57 Reconviction .................................................................................................................................... 58 Three-year Felony Reconviction Rate by Facility Type.................................................................. 58 Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles ......................................................................................... 59 Average Parole Completion Rates--Georgia and US...................................................................... 59 Profile of Current Parolees ............................................................................................................. 59 Crime Type of Active Parolees......................................................................................................... 59 Prison Population and Parole Population FY91 FY06 .................................................................60 FY06 Cost Per Day ...........................................................................................................................60 Parole Releases and Prison Maxouts FY91--FY06 .........................................................................60 Best Managed State .................................................................................................................... 61 Best Managed State ........................................................................................................................ 62 How State Dollars Are Spent (FY2007) .......................................................................................... 62 Debt Management Plan .................................................................................................................. 63 Laffer Report Ranks Georgia's Economic Outlook #1 in the Nation............................................64 Georgia Maintains Highest Credit Rating.......................................................................................64 Human Resources ........................................................................................................................... 65 State Government Employment by Function FY2006 ................................................................... 65 Commission for a New Georgia .....................................................................................................66 CNG--Highlights of Innovation in Action ..................................................................................... 67 Customer Service in Georgia State Government: Faster, Friendlier, Easier ..............................68 Sources .............................................................................................................................................69 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A GROWING GEORGIA A GROWING GEORGIA Georgia's Population Growth and Change Georgia's Population 1900 to 2015 The state's popula- 12,000,000 tion doubled in the period from 1960 10,000,000 to 2000. 8,000,000 The Census Bureau estimate places Georgia's population at 9,363,941 residents in 2006. 6,000,000 4,000,000 Georgia grew by 2,000,000 almost 1,177,488 people between 2000 and 2006, a growth of 14.4% and third fastest in 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 Source: Office of Planning and Budget--2015 Population Projections Proj Proj OPB OPB the nation. Georgia now has 15 Metropolitan Statistical Areas and 20 Micropolitan Statistical Areas. Population Growth in the Southeast During the 1990s 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% US GA FL TX NC TN SC VA AR MS AL LA Source: US Census Bureau During the 1990s, the Southeastern states grew at a faster rate than the national average. Also during the 1990s, Georgia grew 26% while the United States grew 13%. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2 A GROWING GEORGIA Migration Patterns Components of Population Growth 1991-2006 1991 1996 2001 2006 0% 10% Source: US Census Bureau 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Natural Increase Domestic Migration International Migration 90% 100% An area's population grows by natural increase and net migration. Less than half of Georgia's growth has been due to natural increase (more births than deaths). Migration accounts for more than half of Georgia's growth. Hurricane Katrina evacuees increased domestic migration in 2005 and 2006. During the period from 2005-2006, about 120,953 domestic migrants and 37,451 international migrants moved to Georgia. Domestic and International Migration 100% 80% 88.4% 84.8% 60% About four out of 10 people moving to Georgia are international 72.5% migrants. 40% 20% 11.6% 0% 1990-1994 15.2% 1995-1999 52.9% 47.1% 2000-2004 27.5% 2005-2006 An estimated yearly average of 36,500 people moved to Georgia from another country between 2000 and 2006. Source: US Census Bureau %Domestic %International 120,953 domestic migrants and 37,451 international migrants moved to Georgia in the period from 2005-2006. Although most international migrants to Georgia are from Mexico, the state also has many immigrants from other countries. Domestic migrants include foreign born who first lived in another state. 3 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A GROWING GEORGIA International Immigration The 2000 Census data shows the percentage of Georgia residents who speak a language other than English at home. In 2000, at least 1 out of 10 residents in 15 counties spoke a language other than English at home. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 4 A GROWING GEORGIA Demographics 2004 Georgia Births by Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 14% White 51% African American and Other Minority 35% Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health In addition to changes caused by the growing immigrant population, the demographics of Georgia's population will continue to change because of differing birth rates. The proportion of Georgia's population that is White declined from 70% in 1990 to 62% in 2000 and is expected to decline to 59% by 2015. 2015 Georgia Population Projection by Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 10% African American and Other Minority 31% White 59% Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget Age Group Shift 2000-2015 Age Group 2000 2015 Age <20 29.5% 34.0% Age 20-64 60.9% 52.5% Age 65+ 9.6% 13.6% Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget--2015 Population Projections Georgia has a relatively young population: by 2015 the percentage of residents under age 20 is expected to grow to 34%, compared with 26% nationally. During the same time-frame the proportion of Georgians over age 65 will grow to 13.6%, compared to 16% nationally. Thirty-five counties are expected to have at least 20% of their county population age 65 or older. The age spread is not uniform across the racial/ethnic groups--the White population has a lower percentage of youth (under 20 years of age) and a higher percentage of elderly (age 65 and older) than Hispanics and African Americans. Age Group Shift by Race/Ethnicity 2000 and 2015 Age Group 2000 2015 2000 2015 2000 Race/ Ethnicity White White AfricanAmerican & Other Minority AfricanAmerican & Other Minority Hispanic Age <20 26.1% 29.1% 35.1% 39.6% 36.3% Age 20-64 62.0% 51.9% 58.6% 54.2% 61.7% Age 65+ 11.9% 19.1% 6.3% 6.2% 1.9% Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget--2015 Population Projections 2015 Hispanic 46.1% 50.6% 3.3% 5 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A GROWING GEORGIA Georgia Revenue Estimates FY 2007 and FY 2008 and Revenue Projections FY 2009 to FY 2012 25,000,000,000 20,000,000,000 15,000,000,000 18,190,422,771 19,221,539,895 5.7% 20,175,694,957 5.0% 21,226,254,396 5.2% 22,381,421,218 5.4% 23,599,239,763 5.4% 10,000,000,000 5,000,000,000 Note: Blue text denotes percentage change in revenue projections - 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 The estimates and projections are for General Fund revenue only and do not include estimates for the Georgia Lottery, Tobacco Settlement Funds and the Brain and Spinal Injury Trust Fund. The Governor's proposed budgets for Amended FY 2007 and FY 2008 are based on the General Fund revenue estimate shown above. The Georgia Constitution, Article 3 Section 9, Paragraph 4, provides that the General Assembly "shall not appropriate funds for any given year which, in aggregate, exceed a sum equal to the amount of unappropriated surplus...together with an amount not greater than the total treasury receipts from existing revenue sources anticipated to be collected in the fiscal year, less refunds, as estimated in the budget report and amendments thereto." These revenue projections are used to assist the Governor and the Governor's Office of Planning and Budget in meeting this constitutional requirement for a balanced budget through the management of overall state spending. Budgets will be managed within the constraints of available revenue. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 6 A GROWING GEORGIA Georgians' Income Continues to Rise Per Capita Income 1995-2005 $36,000 $34,000 $32,000 $30,000 $28,000 $26,000 $24,000 $22,000 $20,000 1995 1996 1997 1998 GA $21,677 $22,945 $23,795 $25,279 US $23,076 $24,175 $25,334 $26,883 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis--Regional Economic Accounts 1999 $26,359 $27,939 2000 $27,989 $29,845 2001 $28,675 $30,575 2002 $28,689 $30,804 2003 $29,000 $31,472 2004 $30,051 $32,937 2005 $31,121 $34,586 Georgia's per capita income increased by 43.5% from $21,677 in 1995 to $31,121 in 2005. Georgia's median household income of $44,140 in 2005 was second highest among Southeastern states (Virginia's was highest). Median Household Income 1990 GA US $34,372 $39,949 1995 $33,623 $39,931 2000 $42,057 $43,848 2001 $42,006 $42,900 2002 $42,359 $42,409 2003 $42,421 $43,318 2004 $43,695 $45,893 2005 $44,140 $46,071 Source: U.S. Census--American Community Survey 7 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A GROWING GEORGIA Job Growth in Georgia The number of non-agricultural jobs declined from 3,913,547 in 2000 to 3,786,976 in 2003 (-3.2%). During the next two years the number of non-agricultural jobs increased 3.8% to 3,933,307 jobs in 2005. Number of Non-Agricultural Jobs 1990-2005 4,100,000 3,900,000 3,700,000 3,500,000 3,300,000 3,100,000 2,900,000 2,700,000 2,500,000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: Georgia Statistics System--University of Georgia 1967 Job Sector Mix 1990 2005 5% 11% 28% 19% 6% 31% Source: Georgia Statistics System--University of Georgia 30% 24% 18% 16% 7% 5% 36% 19% 22% 12% 6% 5% Trade, Transportation, and Utility Manufacturing Construction Public Administration Financial, Professional, and Business Services Leisure and Hospitality, Education, Health, and Information Services Unemployment Rate 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 US 5.6% 5.4% 4.9% 4.5% 4.2% 4.0% 4.7% 5.8% 6.0% 5.5% 5.1% 4.6% GA 4.7% 4.6% 4.4% 4.2% 3.8% 3.5% 4.0% 4.9% 4.8% 4.8% 5.3% 4.7% Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics--State and Local Unemployment GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 8 A GROWING GEORGIA Value of Georgia's Exports 1999 $ 13,749,000,000 2000 $ 14,925,000,000 2001 $ 14,634,000,000 2002 $ 14,413,000,000 Georgia ranks 11th among states in total value of exports. Canada, Japan, and Mexico are Georgia's top three trade partners. Top three Georgia exports: transportation equipment, computer and electronic products, and machinery. 2003 $ 16,286,000,000 2004 $ 19,633,000,000 2005 $ 20,577,000,000 Source: US Department of Commerce--Trade Stats Express Studies by Georgia's Department of Economic Development indicate that companies that export create and/or retain twice as many jobs as domestic-market companies. $17,000,000,000 Direct Tourism Expenditures in Georgia $16,500,000,000 $16,000,000,000 $15,500,000,000 $15,000,000,000 $14,500,000,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: Travel Industry Association of America and Georgia Department of Economic Development Note: Direct Tourism Expenditures is the amount spent by visitors to the state Georgia's direct tourism expenditures grew from $15.3 million in 2002 to $16.6 million in 2004, an increase of 8.4%. Georgia consistently ranks 8th in the nation in tourism expenditures. 9 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE In millions of dollars A GROWING GEORGIA 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 Gross Domestic Product of Georgia $237,468 $277,082 $255,612 $299,442 $290,887 $306,680 $363,839 $339,730 $317,490 150,000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis--Regional Economic Accounts Note: Gross Domestic Product by state is the total value of goods and services produced by a state Top 5 Agricultural Commodities (2005): - Broilers - Cotton - Greenhouse/nursery - Peanuts - Cattle & calves $6,500,000 Value of Agricultural Production $6,000,000 $5,500,000 $5,000,000 In thousands of dollars $4,500,000 $4,000,000 $3,500,000 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE $3,000,000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: US Department of Agriculture--Economic Research Service 10 tonnage A GROWING GEORGIA Georgia is a Major Transportation and Logistics Hub for the SE and Nation 20,000,000 Georgia Ports--Annual Tonnage 18,000,000 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 Source: Georgia Ports Authority Brunswick Savannah Currently, the Port of Savannah is the fourth busiest port in the US (measured in Twentyfoot Equivalent Units--TEUs). Since FY03, annual tonnage at both Brunswick & Savannah has increased 59.2%. The University of Georgia's study, The Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports in Georgia's Economy, determined the ports contribute: - more than 286,000 jobs - $14.9 billion in income to the economy - $55.7 billion in sales 11 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A GROWING GEORGIA Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport's economic impact was more than $18.7 billion in 2005. In 2005, the airport was #1 in the nation in total passengers and #9 for total cargo. Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport Total Passengers 2000 80,162,407 2001 75,858,500 2002 76,876,128 2003 79,086,792 2004 83,605,218 2005 85,907,423 Source: Hartsfield Jackson International Airport Annual Report Total Cargo (in metric tons) Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport 950,000 900,000 850,000 800,000 750,000 700,000 650,000 600,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: Hartsfield Jackson International Airport Annual Report Note: The decrease in 2005 was due to a loss of a cargo carrier. 120,000 Highway Vehicle Miles Traveled 115,000 110,000 105,000 107,686 105,010 108,321 112,620 109,246 100,000 99,304 95,000 96,433 93,530 90,000 85,000 80,000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics--State Transportation Profile Highway Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) is a common measure of highway usage and can provide a general measure of an area's economic activity. VMT in Georgia has increased at an average of 2.7% per year. In 2004,Georgia was 2nd in the Southeast in VMT; the national VMT was 2,962,513 million miles. In millions GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 12 Jul-04 Sep-04 Nov-04 Jan-05 Mar-05 May-05 Jul-05 Sep-05 Nov-05 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 A GROWING GEORGIA Poverty Rate--Georgia and the United States 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 GA 15.6% US 13.8% Source: US Census Bureau 15.3% 13.7% 14.7% 13.3% 14.1% 12.7% 12.7% 11.9% 12.3% 11.3% 12.9% 11.7% 11.2% 12.1% 11.9% 12.5% 13.0% 12.7% 14.4% 12.6% Poverty rate measures the percentage of people or families who are below an income threshold specified by the federal government. This threshold varies by family size and composition (see chart). Threshold ($) - Size of family unit 2005 One person 9,973 Two persons 12,755 TANF is a monthly cash assistance program for lowincome families and children under age 18. Three persons 15,577 Four persons 19,971 Work is a major component of TANF; adult recipients Five persons 23,613 are required to work in order to become self sufficient. Six persons 26,683 60,000 52,342 TANF Cases July 2004--September 2006 Seven persons Eight persons Nine persons or more 30,849 33,610 40,488 50,000 The number of TANF cases decreased 47%, 40,000 from 52,342 in July 2004 to 27,553 in September 2006. Much 30,000 27,553 of the decline is due to adult recipients moving into the workforce. 20,000 10,000 0 13 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A GROWING GEORGIA Georgia Housing is 8.3% More Affordable Than the Average US Housing Median Housing Values 2000-2005 $180,000 $160,000 $140,000 $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $- 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 GA US Source: US Census Bureau--American Community Survey The median housing value in Georgia grew at an average of 6.8% compared to 8.6% nationally. Cost of Housing Index Georgia US Current 0.938 1.023 2005 0.889 0.960 2003 0.917 0.974 2001 0.950 1.002 1996 0.889 1.020 Source: Laffer Report The Cost of Housing Index measures homeownership costs adjusted for incomes, mortgage rates, and applicable taxes. A higher index level indicates higher cost/ lower affordability. Homeownership rates are the number of owner-occupied housing units divided by the total number of occupied housing units. Homeownership Rates--Georgia and the United States 74% 72% 70% 68% In 2005, Georgia's homeownership rate was 67.9%, slightly lower than the national rate of 68.9%. 66% 64% 62% 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 GA 69.3% 70.9% 71.2% 71.3% 69.8% 70.1% 71.8% 71.4% 70.9% 67.9% GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE US 65.4% 65.7% 66.3% 66.8% 67.4% 67.8% 67.9% 68.3% 69.0% 68.9% Source: US Census Bureau--American Community Survey 14 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Educational Attainment Educational Attainment of Georgians Ages 25 and Older: 1960-2005 100% 80% 60% 40% 17.7% 20% 5.9% 0% 1960 Census 25.0% 14.0% 1970 Census 28.0% 8.0% 1980 Census 70.9% 78.6% 82.8% 19.3% 24.3% 27.1% 1990 Census 2000 Census 2005 ACS High School Graduates College Graduates Note: 2005 American Community Survey data (ACS) do not include populations of persons living in group quarters (e.g., dormitories); Census totals do include group quarters. Almost 83% of Georgians over age 25 have at least a high school education compared to 84% nationally. As of 2005, 27% of both Georgia residents and United States residents 25 and older had a bachelor's degree or higher. Georgia Median Earnings 2004 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 $58,771 $44,358 $29,195 $23,979 $17,712 HS HS Some Bachelor's Advanced Dropout Graduate College Degree Degree Source: Institute for Higher Education Policy Georgia Unemployment Rate 2004 6.0% 5.5% 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.0% 2.6% 1.9% 2.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% HS HS Some Bachelor's Advanced Dropout Graduate College Degree Degree A college graduate with a bachelor's degree in Georgia earns, on average, $20,379 more per year than a high school graduate, and will earn over one million dollars more over a lifetime than a high school dropout. A study from the Institute for Higher Education Policy reveals that earnings increase 84.9%, unemployment rates drop 100%, good health increases 12.7%, volunteerism increases 90.3%, and voting rates increase 31% for Georgians who have a bachelor's degree compared to Georgians who have a high school diploma. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 16 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA In 1993, the State of Georgia established a statewide Pre-K program for at-risk four-yearold children. Today all of Georgia's four-year-old children can attend pre-school for free, regardless of parental income. Pre-K Students by School Year 80,000 75,000 70,000 65,000 60,000 59,626 60,269 60,916 61,733 63,613 65,674 68,119 71,473 72,902 55,000 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 Source: Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning The number of students enrolled in Georgia's Pre-K program has increased more than seven-fold since its inception. Children enrolled in the statewide program come from all socioeconomic backgrounds with 55 % of the students, 39,833 students, coming from families that qualify for some form of state assistance. Georgia is one of only three states that meets all of the Preschool Education standards identified by Quality Counts 2007 . These standards identify contributors to a child's chance for success in life. Georgia's Pre-K program operates statewide, in public and private locations, with funds provided by the state lottery. In the 2005-2006 school year, 42,112 students (58%) enrolled in Georgia Pre-Kindergarten were either Black, Hispanic, Asian, or multi-racial. 17 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA K-12 Total Enrollment 1994-2006 1,700,000 1,600,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,346,623 1,391,579 1,370,815 1,437,324 1,486,125 1,412,689 1,461,267 1,559,828 1,515,646 1,589,839 1,200,000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools Enrollment in K-12 reached 1,589,839 in the 2006 school year with 755,038 of those children in elementary schools, 372,152 in middle schools, and 462,649 in high schools. Over the past 10 years, public school enrollment increased by almost a quarter of a million students (18%). The greatest increase in enrollment has taken place in high school with an increase of 26.6% between 1997 and 2006. Elementary and middle school enrollment has increased 12.4% and 13.2%, respectively, since 1997. Georgia's public school enrollment is projected to grow 7% , close to 112,000 students more, between years 2006 and 2012 according to the National Center for Education Statistics. K-12 Students by Race and Ethnicity 1995-1996 58% 38% 2% 2% 2000-2001 54% 38% 5% 3% 2005-2006 48% 38% 8% 5% White Black Hispanic Other Source: Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools The Hispanic K-12 student population has grown 400%, since the 1995-1996 school year and is projected to become 29% of the graduating senior population in 2018, according to the Southern Regional Education Board. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 18 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Students with Disabilities Source: The Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools, 2000-2006 Since the 2001-2002 school year 12% of Georgia's public school population has consisted of students 0f with disabilities. Georgia public school students with disabilities receive individualized instruction and other supportive services (e.g., transportation) at no additional cost to parents. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act requires states to ensure that all students, including students with cognitive disabilities, have access to a general curriculum that encompasses challenging academic standards. During the 2005-2006 school year, 186,272 students with disabilities were enrolled in K-12 classes; an additional 10,960 students with disabilities were enrolled in Pre-K. During the 2005-2006 school year, in place of taking the standard state assessment aligned with NCLB, 0.08% of Georgia public students took the Georgia Alternate Assessment--an exam available only to students with severe cognitive disability. The graduation gap between students with disabilities and students without disabilities declined from 40% to 38.4% from the 2004-2005 school year to the 2005-2006 school year. During the 2005-2006 school year 32.4% (3,307) of students with an Individual Education Plan graduated from high school with a standard high school diploma. 19 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above AN EDUCATED GEORGIA National Assessment of Fourth and Eighth Graders The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) administers the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) test of elementary and secondary students in various subject areas. Under the No Child Left Behind Act, all states must participate in the biennial NAEP test for fourth and eighth grade reading and mathematics. The most recent tests were held in 2005. NAEP Score Fourth Grade NAEP Math Score Eighth Grade NAEP Math Score Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above NAEP Score 500 100% 400 72% 76% 79% 80% 300 53% 53% 58% 60% 500 100% 400 300 48% 51% 55% 54% 62% 68% 80% 60% 200 40% 200 40% 100 20% 216 215 219 230 234 237 0 0% GAG1A992GAG1A996GAG2A000GAG2A003GAG2A005NNaattiioonn 1992 1996 2002 2003 2005 22000055 Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above 100 20% 259 262 265 270 272 278 0 0% GA GA GA GA GA Nation 1992 1996 2000 2003 2005 2005 Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above Source: National Center on Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Nation's Report Card Higher percentages of Georgia students are performing at the basic level and above in math than they did when the test was first administered on the state level in 1992. In 2005, fourth grade students scored 18 points higher in math than in 1992. Eighth grade students scored 13 points higher in math in 2005 than they did in 1992. Fourth Grade NAEP Reading Score Eighth Grade NAEP Reading Score* Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above NAEP Score 500 100% 400 300 57% 52% 55% 59% 59% 58% 62% 80% 60% 500 100% 400 68% 70% 69% 67% 71% 80% 300 60% NAEP Score 200 40% 200 40% 100 20% 212 207 209 215 214 214 217 0 0% GA GA GA GA GA GA Nation 1992 1994 1998 2002 2003 2005 2005 100 20% 257 258 258 257 260 0 0% GAG1A998 GAG2A002 GAG2A003 GAG2A005 Nation 1998 2002 2003 2005 20055 Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above Source: National Center on Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Nation's Report Card * The Eighth Grade NAEP Reading test was not assessed on the state level until 1998. Percentage of Scores at Basic Level and Above Georgia's fourth- and eighth-grade reading scores have remained fairly consistent since 2002. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 20 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Georgia High School Graduation Test All students in Georgia who seek a high school diploma are required to pass the Georgia High School Graduation Test (GHSGT) in four content areas--English, math, social studies, and science--as well as pass the Georgia High School Writing Assessment. Percentage Passing GHSGT Sections Eleventh Grade First -Time Takers In 2005, eleventh grade first-time test takers passed English, social studies, and science portions of the exam in greater proportions than in prior years. 100 90 80 70 60 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 English Math Social Studies Science Source: The Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools, 2001-2006 High School Graduation Rate 75% 69.4% 70.8% 70% 65.4% 65% 61.8% 63.3% 60% 55% 50% 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 Source: The Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools Georgia's high school graduation rate increased from 61.8% to 70.8% between the 2001-2002 and 2005-2006 school years. The high school graduation rate reflects the percentage of students who entered ninth grade in a given year and were in the graduating class four years later. High School Dropout Rate Georgia's high school dropout rate decreased from 5.5% to 4.7% between the 2002-2003 and 2005-2006 school years. The high school dropout rate reflects the number of students who officially dropped out of school divided by the number of students who attended school. 6.0% 5.5% 5.5% 5.3% 5.1% 5.0% 5.0% 4.7% 4.5% 4.0% 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 Source: The Governor's Office of Student Achievement, Annual Report Cards on K-12 Public Schools 21 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA SAT Scores and Ranking The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is a standardized test used by most colleges to determine admittance along with other deciding factors including coursework, grades, letters of recommendations, and other criteria. The SAT tests critical thinking in three sections: verbal, math, and writing. Georgia Average SAT Scores 1995-2006 1600 1477* 1400 1200 959 961 967 968 969 974 980 980 984 987 993 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 SAT Writing* N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 487 SAT Math 477 477 481 482 482 486 489 491 491 493 496 494 SAT Verbal 482 484 486 486 487 488 491 489 493 494 497 491 Source: The College Board SAT Verbal SAT Math SAT Writing* Note: Georgia's average SAT score reflects scores of public and private high school students characterized as graduating seniors. * The SAT was initially designed to measure verbal and mathematic skills, and was scored out of a possible total of 1600 points: 800 points for verbal and 800 points for math. In 2006, the SAT was modified to include a writing section, thus increasing the total possible score on the exam to 2400: 800 points for verbal, 800 for math, and 800 for writing. Between 2005 and 2006, Georgia's national SAT ranking improved 3 positions from 49th to 46th. A higher percentage of Georgia's students (65%) take the SAT test compared to the national average (41%). In 2006, Black students in Georgia scored an average of 1,293 on the test, ranking 34th among Black students across the nation. Georgia's Hispanic students improved their SAT performance in 2006 with an average score of 1,419--48 points higher than the national average for Hispanic students. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 22 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Georgia ACT Scores Highest in Eight Years The ACT--formerly known as American College Testing--is a standardized test that colleges use comparably to the SAT to determine admittance. The ACT assesses students' general educational development and ability to complete college-level work. The ACT tests four subjects--English, reading, mathematics, and science; each section is scored on a range between 1 and 36. The overall, or composite, score is the average score of all the four sections. Students may also take an optional writing assessment which does not affect the composite ACT score. Georgia Average ACT Score 1995-2006 20.4 20.3 20.3 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.7 19.6 19.5 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: ACT, Inc. NOTE: Georgia's average ACT score reflects scores of public and private high school students characterized as graduating seniors. In 2006, Georgia's average score on the ACT rose to 20.2, a 0.4-point increase from 2003. The number of students taking the ACT rose 7.5% between 2005 and 2006 to a total of 25,064 students. Student performance improved on all sections of the exam in 2006, with a 0.2-point increase in science and reading, a 0.3-point increase in mathematics, and a 0.4-point increase in English from 2005. Between 2005 and 2006, Hispanic and White students in Georgia showed greater improvement than the nation with increased scores of 0.5 and 0.3 points, respectively. Georgia's Black students and Asian students showed similar gains as the nation between 2005 and 2006 with increased scores of 0.1 and 0.2 points, respectively. 23 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Nearly 80% of Georgia Schools Made Adequate Yearly Progress in 2006 The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is a federal law that seeks to help close the achievement gap between disadvantaged students, minority students, and their peers. NCLB significantly raises expectations for states, local school districts, and schools in that all students will meet or exceed state standards in reading and mathematics by 2013. Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) is a measure of year-to-year student performance based on student achievement of goals set by the state in math and reading. During the 2005-2006 school year, 1,630 schools made AYP, approximately 79% of Georgia schools. Fifty-four of Georgia's 183 school districts had every school in its district make AYP in the 2005-2006 school year. Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) of Georgia Schools 2005-2006 Schools Making AYP 79% Schools Not Making AYP 21% Source: Georgia Department of Education Schools that do not meet AYP in the same subject for two or more consecutive years are placed in Needs Improvement (NI) status. NI schools receive extra help to improve student performance. Furthermore, students in NI schools may transfer to a higher performing public school and receive extra help with schoolwork based on eligibility. Number of Georgia Schools in Needs Improvement Status 2003-2006 600 533 500 413 400 353 308 300 200 100 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: Georgia Department of Education Since 2003, the percentage of Georgia schools in "Needs Improvement" status has decreased by 40%. In the 2005-2006 school year, 99 Georgia schools were removed from "Needs Improvement" status, dropping the net total of NI schools to 308Georgia's lowest total ever. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 24 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Average salaries of Teachers Remain Competitive The salaries of Georgia's K-12 teachers continue to be the highest among surrounding states and third highest among states within the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB). The average teaching salary for the nation is $49,109 and $43,325 for SREB states. Georgia ranks 18th OK in the nation for 38,772 teacher pay. 2005-2006 Salaries of SREB States MD 54,486 DE 54,264 WV VA 38,284 43,823 KY 41,903 NC 43,922 TN 42,537 SC AK 42,093 43,242 AL MS 37,924 40,347 GA 48,300 TX 41,744 LA 40,253 FL 43,302 Average Instructor Salary at Four-Year Institutions, 2005 $66,230 $63,770 $67,880 Source: National Education Association Average Instructor Salary at Two-Year Institutions, 2005 $52,810 $45,980 $45,250 Georgia SREB US Source: Southern Regional Education Board Georgia SREB US In 2005, the average instructor salary at four-year colleges and universities in Georgia was $1,650 less than the national average, but $2,460 more than the SREB average in 2005. Georgia ranked fifth in four-year college instructor salary among the SREB states. The average salary for faculty at two-year colleges in Georgia was $6,830 lower than the national average, but $730 higher than the SREB average in 2005. Georgia ranked sixth in two-year college instructor salary among the SREB states. 25 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Technical and Adult Education 56,737 59,776 64,101 69,327 74,905 81,355 88,801 93,431 101,194 118,496 142,074 153,444 159,835 155,126 152,037 Georgia's technical college system consists of 34 technical colleges and four joint University System technical divisions that offer instruction at 87 sites across the state and online through the Georgia Virtual Technical College. 180,000 160,000 140,000 Technical College Enrollment Students may enroll in programs leading to an associate degree, a diploma, or a technical certificate. During the 2005-6 school year, more than one-third of Georgia technical college students (53,924 students) enrolled in programs addressing the state's six strategic industries: aerospace, agribusinesses, energy and environment, healthcare and eldercare, life sciences, and logistics and transportation. 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 Source: Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education Employment of Technical College Award Recipients Year Total Awards Employed Conferred In Field or Related Field Employed Out of Field Continuing Education Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent 2000 15,304 11,435 75% 1,057 7% 1,677 11% 2001 23,093 14,515 63% 1,388 6% 5,583 24% 2002 27,200 15,905 58% 2,274 8% 7,349 27% 2003 31,354 19,674 63% 4,593 15% 9,470 30% 2004 33,050 19,867 60% 4,159 13% 10,523 32% 2005 34,626 20,998 Source: Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education, Annual Reports 61% 3,758 11% 11,333 33% Note: Columns do not add up to the total due to duplication of graduates who are both employed and continuing education. Of the 34,626 award recipients in 2005, about 61% (20,988) are working in their field of study, 11% (3,758) are working in another field, and close to 33% (11,333) are continuing their education. In 2005, those who entered technical college programs in 2003 and graduated in 2004 increased their earnings by a total of $123 million and added 3,991 full-time employees to Georgia's state economy. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 26 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Earnings of Technical College Strategic Industry Graduates Before And After Graduating Logistics and Transportation Aerospace Life Sciences Energy and Environment Healthcare and Eldercare Agribusiness After Graduating $18,464 $18,839 $21,543 $22,102 Before Graduating $25,967 $29,991 $32,856 $31,331 $29,940 $27,470 $29,905 $27,897 Source: Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education The 3,086 graduates of strategic industry programs in Georgia technical colleges earned $46 million more in one year after their graduation in 2004 than they did when they began their technical college programs in 2003. Earnings of graduates in all six strategic industry programs increased, with the greatest increase of 62% ($11,476) occurring in the Life Sciences programs. Adults throughout the State of Georgia have access to literacy programs that provide basic, general, or specialized skills instruction through three programs: Adult Basic Education (ABE), General Education Development (GED), and the English Literacy Program (ELP). Adult Basic Education (ABE) provides instruction on six educational levels to help adult Georgians acquire necessary basic skills in reading, writing, computation, speaking, and listening. General Education Development (GED) provides adults at least 16 years of age the opportunity to earn a high school equivalency diploma. The English Literacy Program (ELP) helps individuals of limited English proficiency achieve competence in English as a second language. Adult Literacy Program Graduates Year* ABE Graduates GED Graduates ELP Total Graduates Graduates 2000 29,348 18,073 15,362 62,783 2001 30,232 24,646 15,389 70,267 2002 33,357 13,220** 12,915 59,492 2003 36,800 18,087 13,215 68,138 2004 27,391 18,562 14,006 59,959 2005 27,045 19,735 Source: Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education 17,887 64,667 * GED graduate figures are for a calendar year; ABE and ELP figures are for a fiscal year ** Significant decline in GED graduates primarily due to new mandate requiring students to pass all sections of the exam 27 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA University System's Student Body Growing in Number and Diversity Georgia's 35 public colleges and universities operate under the umbrella of the University System of Georgia (USG). The system consists of four research universities, two regional universities, 13 state universities, four state colleges and 12 two-year colleges. Enrollment in the University System of Georgia 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1995-1996 1996-1997 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 Enrollment 206,484 204,332 205,389 200,102 203,806 205,878 217,546 233,098 247,020 250,659 253,552 Source: Board of Regents Annual Reports, 1988-1989, 2005-2006 Between the 1995-1996 school year and the 2005-2006 school year, USG student enrollment increased 23%, from 206,484 students to 253,552 students. University System Minority Enrollment The minority student 2005 population of the 2004 Black University System has 2003 Hispanic nearly doubled over 2002 the past ten years. 2001 The most significant 1998 enrollment growth has 1996 Asian American Native American Multi-Racial occurred within the 1994 Other* Black student 1993 population. 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 Source: Board of Regents * Until 1996, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, and multi-racial students were collectively reported as "Other." In 1993, Black students represented 19% (39,378 students) of the University System. In the fall of 2005, the percentage of Black students had risen to 24% (59,890 students). The proportion of other minority students--Hispanic, Asian-American, Native American, Multi-Racial students--in the University System doubled, increasing from 5% (10,621 students) in 1993 to 11% (28,972 students) in 2005. In 2005, about 3% (7,088 students) of the college population was Hispanic and about 6% (59,890 students) was Asian. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 28 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Foreign Student Enrollment 1988-1989 2005-2006 South Asia 9% Europe & Canada 17% East Asia & the Pacific 44% Foreign Student Enrollment Total: 5,120 students (2%) Latin America & Caribbean 10% Africa 10% Middle East & North Africa 10% Source: Board of Regents Annual Reports, 1988-1989, 2005-2006 South Asia 15% Europe & Canada 20% East Asia & the Pacific 26% Middle East & North Africa 3% Latin America & Caribbean 19% Africa 17% Foreign Student Enrollment Total: 18,366 students (7%) International students comprised about 7% (18,366) of students within the University System of Georgia during the 2005-2006 school year, up 5% (13,246) from the 19881989 school year. The proportion of foreign students from each region has changed significantly over time. The first-year retention rate reflects the percentage of all fall-semester, first-time freshmen who re-enrolled the following Fall semester in the same institution or in another institution within the University System of Georgia. USG First-Year Retention Rates: Fall 1999 to Fall 2004 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 73.4% 67.5% Fall 1999 74.9% 69.1% 76.3% 76.7% 77.2% 70.3% 71.1% 72.0% Fall 2000 Fall 2001 Institute-Specific Rate Fall 2002 University System Rate Fall 2003 75.9% 70.5% Fall 2004 Source: Board of Regents Annual Report, 2005-2006 Publication Of the 11,414 degree-seeking, first-time freshmen who entered a USG institution in Fall 2004, 70.5% returned to the same USG institution in Fall of the next year, and 75.8% returned to the same or another USG institution in Fall of the next year. 29 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA College Graduation Rates The six-year graduation rate for first-time, full-time freshmen at four-year colleges and the three-year graduation rate for first-time, full-time freshmen at two-year colleges are key national indicators of post-secondary performance. Six-Year Graduation Rates of Freshmen Attending Four-Year USG Institutions 70% 60% 48.3% 50% 41.1% 40% 30% 48.8% 41.3% 50.3% 43.5% 53.7% 46.6% 47.9% 55.0% 20% 10% 0% Fall 1995 - Spring 2001 Fall 1996 - Spring 2002 Fall 1997 - Spring 2003 Fall 1998 - Spring 2004 Fall 1999 - Spring 2005 Percent Graduated from Initial Institution Source: Board of Regents Annual Reports, 2005-2006 Percent Graduated fromthe USGSystem Of the 21,229 first-time, full-time freshmen who entered a four-year USG college or university in Fall 1999, 47.9% graduated from the same institution in 2005 and 55% graduated from the same or another institution within the University System. Six-year graduation rates for first-time full-time freshmen enrolled in University System of Georgia institutions increased 16.5 % between fall 1995 and fall 1999. Three-Year Graduation & Transfer Rates of Freshmen Attending USG Two-Year Colleges 60% 50% 40% 28.4% 27.9% 29.6% 30.6% 30% 20.6% 20% 13.5% 13.2% 6.2% 14.7% 16.2% 10% 14.9% 14.7% 14.4% 14.9% 14.4% 0% Fall 1995 - Spring 2001 Fall 1996 - Spring 2002 Fall 1997 - Spring 2003 Fall 1998 - Spring 2004 Fall 1999 - Spring 2005 Percent Graduated fromUSGTwo-Year College Percent Transferred to a Four-Year Institution Source: Board of Regents Annual Reports, 2005-2006 An increasing proportion of first-time, full-time freshmen are continuing their education at a four-year institution than in years prior. Out of 9,322 first-time, full-time freshmen who sought an associate degree at a two-year USG institution in fall 2002, 14.4% graduated in three years and an additional 16.2% transferred to four-year institutions. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 30 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Research Awards Received by the University System of Georgia Research within the University System of Georgia spans many subject areas and is primarily concentrated in its four research universities: the University of Georgia, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, and the Medical College of Georgia. Research Fund Resources Fall 2004 to Fall 2005 Other 10% Industry 13% Non-Profilt 4% State & Local 5% Federal 68% Total Awards Received by the University System of Georgia Fall 2001 to Fall 2005 Year Total Awards Fall 2001 Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Total $686,139,500 $794,474,800 $860,501,000 $847,035,700 $805,362,200 $3,993,513,200 The majority of University System of Georgia (USG) research awards come from federal sources. Between FY01 and FY05, the USG received almost $4 billion in external grants and contracts. During FY05, USG received $805 million: $623.5 million for research, $88 million for instruction, and close to $94 million for public service grants. Source: Board of Regents Annual Report, 2005-2006 Publication 31 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA Georgia College Tuition Lowest, Most Affordable Among Southern States Affordable tuition rates of Georgia's four-year public colleges and universities increase access to higher education for students. Annual College Tuition Costs And Tuition as Percent of Median Household 2004-2005 United States SREB States Georgia Oklahoma Florida Louisiana North Carolina West Virginia Mississippi Tennessee Kentucky Texas Alabama Arkansas Virginia Delawate Maryland South Carolina $4,579 $4,043 $2,906 $3,007 $3,092 $3,240 $3,273 $3,621 $3,837 $4,134 $4,176 $4,182 $4,243 $4,468 $5,291 $5,965 $5,976 $6,100 10.3% 10.3% 7.1% 7.6% 7.6% 8.9% 8.1% 10.9% 11.0% 10.8% 11.7% 10.1% 11.6% 12.8% 10.3% 12.4% 10.4% 15.7% $- $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 Source: Southern Regional Education Board The average annual tuition costs of public four-year colleges in Georgia was lowest among the 16 states of the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) during the 2004-2005 school year. Georgia's average annual tuition is $2,906 compared to $4,043 for the SREB states, and $4,579 for the nation. Georgia families spend 7.1% of household income on annual tuition at a four-year college in comparison to 10.3% for SREB states and the nation. Note: The medians for the United States and SREB states are the middle values of all institutions by type. The medians for each state are the middle values of the institutions by type in that state. According to the National Association of Student Grant and Aid programs, Georgia ranks second in the nation in providing scholarships and grants to college students. ServiceCancelable loans, Hope Scholarships and Grants, and Tuition Equalization Grants are a few of the many options available to help Georgia students cover the costs of attending college. Service-Cancelable Loans Service-cancelable loans are provided in critical fields of study that a graduate can pay back in cash or by serving the field of study. Critical fields include teaching, health care, agriculture education, military service, veterinary medicine, engineering, and social work. Over $3 million has been awarded in nursing service-cancelable loans during the 2006-2007 school year. More than 12,300 students have received HOPE Teacher service-cancelable loans to obtain advanced education degrees in critical shortage areas. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 32 AN EDUCATED GEORGIA HOPE Scholarship and Grant Program Georgia's HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally) Program is Georgia's most reputable college finance program. The HOPE Program is a unique merit scholarship and grant program that rewards students in degree, diploma and certificate programs at eligible Georgia public and private colleges and public technical colleges. Georgia's HOPE Program Disbursements September 1993 to January 2007 Type of Educational Institution Public Colleges & Universities Public Technical Colleges Private Colleges & Universities HOPE Scholarship Total HOPE Scholarship Dollars Total Number of Scholarship Recipients $ 2,201,437,769 388,288 $ 40,453,084 27,600 $ 458, 794,736 121,016 Total $2,700,685,589 Source: Georgia Student Finance Commission 536,904 HOPE Grant Total HOPE Grant Dollars Total Number of Grant Recipients $ 65,891,494 36,670 $ 740,342,574 509,667 N/A N/A $806,234,068 546,337 Georgia's HOPE Program began in September 1993, and as of February 2007 more than $3 billion in HOPE funds has been disbursed to more than one million Georgia students. Out of the 74,059 high school graduates in 2006, 62% were eligible to receive the HOPE Scholarship. Georgia's HOPE GED Grant Program has further provided close to $27 million to offset the cost of higher education for Georgians who earned their General Education Development (GED/high school equivalency) diploma through a Georgia public technical college after June 1993. About 63.5% of HOPE Scholarship dollars went to Georgia public colleges and universities, 13.5% went to private colleges, and 23% went to public technical schools. Tuition Equalization Grants (TEG) In addition to the HOPE Scholarship for private colleges and universities, students who attend certain private and public colleges may be eligible for up to $1,000 a year though the Tuition Equalization Grants (TEG). In 2006, more than 32,000 students received Tuition Equalization Grants. Georgia residents who live near the state's borders may receive TEGs to attend out-ofstate, public four-year colleges within 50 miles of their home. 33 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE AN EDUCATED GEORGIA University System of Georgia: Facility Locations GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 34 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A HEALTHY GEORGIA A HEALTHY GEORGIA Life Styles, 51% Health Care, 10% Environment, 19% Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics, 20% Health Status by County, Georgia, 2003 Dade Catoosa Murray Whitfield Walker Chattooga Gordon Fannin Towns Union Rabun Gilmer Pickens White Lumpkin Habersham Stephens Dawson Hall Banks Franklin Floyd Bartow Cherokee Forsyth Hart Jackson Madison Elbert Health Status Excellent 76-100 Good 53-75 Fair 37-52 Poor 0-36 Georgia Health Status Score: 54.7 Polk Haralson Cobb Paulding Gwinnett DeKalb Douglas Fulton Rockdale Barrow Walton Clarke Oglethorpe Oconee Wilkes Carroll Clayton Newton Morgan Greene Taliaferro Lincoln Columbia Heard Henry Fayette Coweta Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam Hancock McDuffie Warren Richmond Glascock Troup Pike Meriwether Lamar Monroe Jones Baldwin Jefferson Washington Burke Harris Upson Talbot Bibb Crawford Wilkinson Twiggs Johnson Jenkins Screven Muscogee Marion Chattahoochee Taylor Peach Houston Macon Bleckley Laurens Emanuel Treutlen Candler Bulloch Effingham Schley Stewart Webster Sumter Quitman Randolph Terrell Lee Dooly Pulaski Crisp Wilcox Dodge Montgomery Wheeler Toombs Evans Telfair Tattnall Bryan Turner Ben Hill Jeff Davis Appling Liberty Long Chatham Clay Calhoun Dougherty Early Baker Miller Mitchell Worth Irwin Tift Coffee Colquitt Berrien Cook Atkinson Bacon Wayne Pierce Ware Brantley McIntosh Glynn Seminole Decatur Grady Thomas Brooks Lanier Clinch Lowndes Echols Charlton Camden Prepared by: G.E. Alan Dever, Ph.D., M.T., M.D. (Hon.) & Leah Sm ith, M.P.H. Mercer University- Health Sciences Center Data Source: Inforum, 2004 What Determines Health? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, life style choices have the greatest impact on a person's health. Life style choices such as eating nutritious foods, being physically active, and avoiding tobacco use can positively affect a person's health status. These Health Status Maps, produced by Dr. Alan Dever at Mercer University, reflect self-reported health status. The maps are a composite score of: presence of disease (e.g., diabetes, cancer) self report of health; and health behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise, nutrition). GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 36 A HEALTHY GEORGIA Lifestyle Teen Pregnancy Rates (per 1,000) Ages 15 to 19 Georgia and the United States 80 70 60 50 40 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Source: 2006 Kids Count-The Annie E. Casey Foundation Georgia United States Teen birth rate in Georgia declined 30% between 1990 and 2003. Georgia ranks 41st nationally in teen births. Percentage of Adults 18 and Older Who Are Obese-- Georgia and the United States Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Georgia 11% 10% 12% 13% 15% 13% 12% 14% 19% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% 25% US 12% 13% 13% 14% 14% 16% 17% 17% 18% 20% 20% 21% 22% N/A N/A Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 Note: Obesity is self-reported and defined as Body Mass Index equal to or greater than 30.0. In 2003, 25% of Georgia adults were obese, two and one-half times the number in 1990. One in five Georgians smoke. The percentage of smokers in both Georgia and the U.S. is relatively unchanged since 1990. Percentage of Adults 18 and Older Who Smoke-- Georgia and the United States 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Georgia 24% 22% 19% 24% 23% 21% 20% 22% 24% 24% 24% 24% 23% 23% 20% 22% United States 23% 23% 22% 23% 23% 22% 24% 23% 23% 23% 23% 23% 23% 22% 22% 21% Source;: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 37 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A HEALTHY GEORGIA Children's Vaccination Rate--Georgia and the United States Georgia ranks 1st in the 100% Southeast and 3rd in the nation in vaccination coverage for children. 90% 76.5% 80% 74.6% 82.0% 82.4% All children attending day 70% 76.0% 76.1% care or school are required 65.5% 72.5% to receive vaccines to 60% protect against these diseases: diphtheria, 50% 2002 2003 2004 2005 hepatitis B, Hib, measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, tetanus, varicella and polio. Georgia United States Source: National Immunization Survey-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Percentage of Women 40 Years of Age and Older Who Have Received a Mammogram within the Past Two Years 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 67.2% 65.8% 71.5% 72.7% 72.9% 70.2% 72.4% 76.1% 79.5% 76.0% 75.5% 74.5% 40.0% 20.0% 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 Percentage of Adults 65 Years of Age and Older Ever Vaccinated for Pneumococcal Disease 80.0% 60.0% 60.2% 57.9% 57.3% 61.0% 59.4% 48.5% 50.1% 49.7% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 38 A HEALTHY GEORGIA Georgia's Supply of Physicians Has Increased Over the Past Ten Years Total Rate of Physicians per 100,000 Population in Georgia 205 202 200 195 193 190 192 193 192 185 182 180 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Source: Georgia Board for Physician Workforce Although the supply of physicians has increased in Georgia, there has been a decline in per capita rates in the following specialties: anesthesiology, cardiovascular disease, gastroenterology, general surgery, neurological surgery, pulmonary disease, radiology, rheumatology, and urological surgery. Geographic Distribution of Georgia's Physician Workforce Specialty Metropolitan Statistical Areas Number Rate* Family Practice 1633 18.8 Internal Medicine 2122 24.4 Pediatrics 1309 15.1 OB/GYN 934 10.8 General Surgery 579 6.7 *Rate per 100,000 population Source: Georgia Board for Physician Workforce Non-Metropolitan Statistical Areas Number 660 530 279 237 154 Rate* 7.6 6.1 3.2 2.7 1.8 Access to physicians is more favorable in urban areas than in rural areas of the state. The rate of pediatricians per 100,000 population is five times greater in urban areas than in rural areas. 39 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A HEALTHY GEORGIA Health Insurance Coverage Uninsured, 18% Other Public, 2% Medicare, 9% Health Insurance Coverage--2005 Georgia United States Uninsured 16% Other Public 1% Employer, 53% Medicare 12% Employer 53% Medicaid, 14% Individual, 4% Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, State Health Facts Medicaid 13% Individual 5% The number of uninsured in Georgia increased by 13% between 2004 and 2005 compared to a 2% increase in the number of uninsured nationwide. Approximately 1.7 million Georgians are uninsured. 82% of Georgians have some form of health insurance. Uninsured in Georgia (non-elderly) 25% 20% 15% 19% 19% 18% 18% 19% 16% 21% 19% 10% 5% 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: Custer and Ketsche, Robinson College, Georgia State University Change in Uninsured Rate by Age: 2 Year Moving Average 40% 30% 20% 10% 2000/2001 2001/2002 2002/2003 Source: Custer and Ketsche, Robinson College, Georgia State University GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 40 2003/2004 2004/2005 Under 18 18-24 25-44 45-64 A HEALTHY GEORGIA More Developmentally Disabled Consumers Are Served in the Community 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 13,774 1,637 FY01 13,499 1,543 FY02 14,385 1,423 FY03 14,392 1,402 FY04 14,709 1,305 FY05 15,385 1,201 FY06 Mental Retardation/Developmentally Disabled Institutions Mental Retardation/Developmentally Disabled Community Services Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Addictive Diseases The number of developmentally disabled consumers served in state hospitals has steadily declined due to the emphasis on community services and placements. In Georgia, 16,586 individuals have mental retardation or a developmental disability. In FY06, nearly 93% of these individuals received state services in the community. Developmentally Disabled Consumers Served in Hospitals 2,500 2,059 2,004 1,947 2,000 1,685 1,640 1,637 1,500 1,543 1,423 1,402 1,305 1,201 1,064 1,000 500 0 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Addictive Disease 41 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A HEALTHY GEORGIA Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States and in Georgia. These diseases account for 7 of every 10 deaths and are preventable through adoption of healthy behaviors. [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ] Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes all diseases of the heart and blood vessels, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertensive disease, and atherosclerosis. In 2004 in Georgia: Cardiovascular disease accounted for 34% (22,378) of deaths. The CVD death rate was 14% higher than the national rate. CVD death rates were 1.4 times higher for men than for women. CVD death rates were 1.3 times higher for Blacks than for Whites. Cardiovascular Disease Death Rates by County: 2000-2004 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE Source: Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, August 2006 42 A HEALTHY GEORGIA Cancer Mortality Rates (per 100,000) in Georgia 215 210 205 200 195 Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Georgia. Cancer mortality rates in Georgia have declined at an average annual rate of 1.2% since 1990. 190 185 180 1995-1999 1996-2000 1997-2001 1998-2002 1999-2003 2000-2004 Lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers account for 57% of all cancer diagnosed and for 53% of all cancer deaths. Source: Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry Lung Cancer Mortality Rates--Georgia and the United States 70.0 60.0 63.5 64.7 59.6 62.1 61.4 59.0 62.2 61.2 59.6 59.6 59.0 58.6 58.4 57.9 57.5 57.1 55.5 56.1 55.3 54.9 50.0 40.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Georgia United States Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 Breast Cancer Mortality Rates--Georgia and the United States Women by Race 40 35 30 25 20 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Georgia Black Women United States Black Women Georgia White Women United States White Women Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 43 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A HEALTHY GEORGIA Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100 Adult Population in Georgia 8 6.9 7.2 7.4 7.5 6.4 7 6.1 6 5.2 4.7 5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4 3 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Prevention More than 7% of Georgians are diabetic. 20.8 million people or 7% of the U.S. population have diabetes. Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S. Pneumonia Mortality Rates--Georgia and the United States 45.0 40.0 38.4 36.6 37.3 37.0 37.9 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 33.1 33.2 32.6 33.0 33.9 22.9 23.1 23.8 27.7 24.9 18.1 23.1 21.9 22.4 23.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Georgia United States Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 44 A HEALTHY GEORGIA Cervical Cancer Mortality Rates-- Georgia and the United States 4 3 2 1 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Georgia United States 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Georgia 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.8 3 2.7 2.9 Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 Cervical cancer is the eighth most common cancer in Georgia women. The cervical cancer mortality rate has decreased from 3.3 to 2.9 from 1994 to 2004. Each year from 1999 to 2003, about 120 Georgia women died from cervical cancer. HIV/AIDS Mortality Rates--Georgia and the United States 25 20 19.1 20.6 15 16 16.1 16.2 10 11.5 9.3 8.5 9.4 8.8 8.4 8.2 7.6 7.8 5 6 4.9 5.3 5.2 5 4.9 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Georgia United States Source: Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2006 45 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A HEALTHY GEORGIA Traffic Fatalities and Seat Belt Use Traffic Fatalities in Georgia 1975 2005 1,800 1,700 1,729 1,600 1,500 1,562 1,541 1,400 1,488 1,300 1,360 1,361 1,200 1,100 1,000 1975 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Traffic fatalities in Georgia have increased 16% since 1995. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for the age group 3 to 14 years old. Source: Federal Highway Administration Seat Belt Use--Georgia and the United States According to the National 100% Highway Traffic Safety Administration's 90% (NHTSA) study, The Economic Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes 80% 2000, the use of safety belts saved society $585 70% billion in medical care, lost productivity, and 60% other injury-related economic costs since 50% 1975. 40% NHTSA's studies indicate that when lap/shoulder 30% safety belts are used properly, they reduce the 20% risk of fatal injury to front seat occupants by 45% 10% and the risk of moderate to critical injury by 50%. 0% Seat belt use by Georgia 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 drivers has increased 16.3% since 2000. Georgia US Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 46 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A SAFE GEORGIA A SAFE GEORGIA Public Safety The Georgia Office of Homeland Security leads and directs the preparation, employment, and management of state resources to safeguard Georgia and its citizens against threats or acts of terrorism and the effects of natural disasters. This office also houses the Homeland Security Agency and the Georgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA). GEMA's State Operations Center is the focal point for state response to emergencies in Georgia as well as coordinating a state response for disasters to other states such as Hurricane Katrina. The center is staffed by state, federal, local, volunteer, and private agencies. Georgia's Criminal Justice Coordinating Council (CJCC) brings together many parts of the criminal justice community. Members represent the citizens, police, sheriffs, city and county officials, the school system, judges and other court officials as well as adult and juvenile corrections. The CJCC administers about $30,000,000 in Federal grants annually. About half of the grant money goes to law enforcement and criminal justice system improvement. The remainder of the money goes to Georgia crime victims. In FY2006, the CJCC served 187,257 crime victims. The Georgia Sheriffs' Association is a non-profit organization comprised of the 159 county elected Georgia sheriffs. GSA also sponsors Georgia Sheriff's Youth Homes, which provides five residences for about 100 children. The Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police includes more than 1,000 municipal and county law enforcement agencies, college and university police departments, corporate and private security firms, citizens, and numerous state and federal agencies. There are jails in 147 counties and several cities. Georgia has a jail capacity for more than 39,000 offenders. Active Child Protective Services Cases 35,000 28,815 30,000 25,000 20,000 18,912 15,000 10,000 5,000 Additionally, the Department of Human Resources' Child Protective Services responds to reports of child abuse or neglect. More than 72,000 cases were investigated in FY2005. The number of Child Protective Services active cases decreased 34%, from 28,815 in July 2004 to 18,912 in September 2006. Jul-04 Sep-04 Nov-04 Jan-05 Mar-05 May-05 Jul-05 Sep-05 Nov-05 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 0 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE Source: Outcome Measures and Results, Child Welfare, September 2006, Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Family and Children Services 48 A SAFE GEORGIA Judicial Branch of Georgia MAGISTRATE COURT 159 courts, 159 chief magistrates, 354 magistrates. Jurisdiction (limited): Search and arrest warrants, felony and misdemeanor preliminaries, misdemeanor bad check violations, county ordinances. Civil claims of $15,000 or less, dispossessories, distress warrants. No jury trials. PROBATE COURT 159 courts, 159 judges. Jurisdiction (limited): Exclusive jurisdiction in probate of wills, administration of estates, appointment of guardians, involuntary hospitalizations, marriage licenses. Traffic in some counties. Truancy in some counties. Hold courts of inquiry. Search warrants and arrest warrants in certain cases. Some misdemeanors. JUVENILE COURT 159 courts, 120 judges and associate judges Jurisdiction (limited): Deprived, unruly, delinquent juveniles. Juvenile traffic. No jury trials. STATE COURT 71 courts, 110 judges Jurisdiction (limited): Civil law actions except cases within the exclusive jurisdiction of superior court. Misdemeanors, traffic, felony preliminaries. Jury trials. Counties with population over 96,000 where probate judge is attorney practicing at least seven years. Jury trials. SUPERIOR COURT 49 circuits, 193 judges Jurisdiction (general): Civil law actions, misdemeanors, and other cases. Exclusive jurisdiction over cases of divorce, title to land, equity. Exclusive felony jurisdiction. COURT OF APPEALS 12 judges (4 divisions) Jurisdiction : Appellate jurisdiction over trial courts in cases in which Supreme Court has no exclusive appellate jurisdiction. SUPREME COURT 7 justices Jurisdiction: Appellate jurisdiction over cases of constitutional issue, title to land, validity of and construction of wills, habeas corpus, extraordinary remedies, convictions of capital felonies, equity, divorce, alimony, election contest. Certified questions and certiorari from Court of Appeals. As of January 2006. 49 Capital felonies, Constitutional issues, Title to land. Wills, equity, and divorce. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A SAFE GEORGIA Georgia Bureau of Investigation Investigative Hours AllocationDecember 2006 1.8% The GBI spends most of its time 5.4% 1.9% investigating crimes against persons, 9.0% 27.2% including deaths, child abuse, sex crimes, assaults, kidnappings, robberies, and terrorist acts. About 1/4 of GBI's investigative 12.1% hours are spent investigating narcotics. 26.9% Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation 15.6% Crimes Against Persons Property Crimes Narcotics Polygraph and Background Exams Other Investigations Bomb Disposal Services Intelligence Examinations Crime Scene Specialists Of the 6,223 investigative hours used to investigate narcotics, only 28 were used to investigate clandestine methamphetamine labs. The number of clandestine meth labs in Georgia has decreased by 79% (projected) in 2 years, suggesting that meth is now entering Georgia already manufactured. Clandestine Methamphetamine Labs in Georgia 400 371 350 300 250 228 200 150 100 78 50 0 FY05 FY06 Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation FY07 projected 25,000 20,000 Drug Cases Submitted to the GBI The GBI receives more cocaine cases than methamphetamine cases. 15,000 10,000 5,000 - Cocaine Methamphetamine 2000 18,717 2,094 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2001 19,204 3,321 2002 16,543 4,457 2003 14,180 5,575 2004 2005 2006 13,701 19,795 17,224 6,758 9,978 7,224 Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation 50 Cocaine cases decreased from 2001-2004 by 32%, and 13% from 2005-2006. Methamphetamine cases have increased 377% from 2000-2005, but decreased by 28% in 2006. A SAFE GEORGIA Drug Offenses According to the National Institute of Justice, up to 80% of offenders have some substance abuse problem related to their criminal activity. The Office of National Drug Control Policy states that in-prison treatment followed by post-incarceration supervision can reduce recidivism by about 50%. About one in three inmates admitted to Georgia prisons in FY2006 were sentenced for drug offenses. Many other inmates (about 37%) reported having substance abuse problems. Methamphetamine-Related Admissions to Prison FY97-FY06 3,500 3,000 2,874 2,500 1,969 2,000 1,791 1,500 1,282 1,017 1,000 525 662 562 731 500 339 0 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 Source: Georgia Department of Corrections Of all drug arrests in Georgia in 2005: 11% were methamphetamine-related (more than 7,200) 60% were marijuana-related and 36% were cocaine-related. Although most of the inmates admitted to prison on drug offenses in FY06 were convicted of cocaine-related offenses, methamphetamine-related offenses are a growing problem. Prison admissions for methamphetamine-related offenses increased from 339 in FY96 to 2,874 in FY06--more than 700%. 51 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A SAFE GEORGIA GEORGIA JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM FLOW State of Georgia Juvenile Intake Process State of Georgia Assessment and Placements for Adjudicated Juveniles Under 17 Years of Age Assessment or Decision Disposition Placement Taken Into Custody or Referral of Youth Court/DJJ Detain Juvenile Court and DJJ Decision /DAI DAI - Detention Assessment Instrument Performed By DJJ and Independent Court In Community Placement At Home With Parent or Guardian Out of Home Residential Non-Secure Emergency Regional Youth Detention Center (RYDC) Dismissed / Released Proceed Filing With DA DJJ Performs RYDC Function Informal Adjustment / Diverted Dismissed / Released Dismissed / Released Independent Court Probation Supervision Placement At Home With Parent or Guardian DA Petition Decide not to file District Attorney Office File Charges with Juvenile Court SB440 >= 13 Year of Age Juvenile Courts Adjudication and Disposition Superior Court Department Of Corrections Probation Short Term Program Commitment Comprehensive Risk Needs Assessment CRN I Probation Dependent Court Served by DJJ Regional Youth Detention Center RYDC Awaiting Placement Comprehensive Risk Needs Assessment CRN I & II Probation Supervision Placement At Home With Parent or Guardian Short Term Program STP in Youth Development Campus YDC - Secure Confinement Short Term Program Court Ordered Alternative Special Needs Residential Georgia Dept. of Juvenile Justice Commitment Supervision Placement at Home With Parent or Guardian Commitment Out of Home Placement Residential - Non Secure Commitment Youth Development Campus YDC Long Term Secure Confinement GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice 52 A SAFE GEORGIA Juvenile Justice FY06 Placements YDC RYDC 6% 6% Non-Secure Residential 5% Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Community 83% Department of Juvenile Justice 83% (17,051) juveniles referred to the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) are placed in community settings. Another 1,111 (5%) of the juveniles referred to DJJ are placed in non-secure residential settings. 6% (1,240) go to youth development campuses (YDCs), the most secure juvenile corrections facilities in Georgia. Only 18% of youth were referred to DJJ for violent offenses or violent sex offenses. However, 39% of the youth placed in YDCs during FY06 were serving sentences for violent offenses or violent sex offenses. Status offenses include runaway, truancy, ungovernable and unruly. DJJ FY06 Admissions by Offense Drugs Other 8% 19% Property 21% Violent and Sex 18% Status 19% Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Public Order 15% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 4.3% 5% 0% Drugs Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice YDC FY06 Placements by Offense 38.7% 33.3% 13.2% 0.5% Property Public Order Status 53 Violent and Sex 10.0% Other GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A SAFE GEORGIA Juvenile Crime Juvenile Arrests 1996-2005 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation--Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC) The juvenile arrest rate decreased during the late nineties but began increasing again in 2001. About 76% of juvenile arrests are referred to court. About 22% of the arrests are handled within the police department, and about 2% of the offenders are referred to the Division of Family and Children Services (DFCS). Juvenile Arrest Dispositions 2001-2005 Year 2001 Handled Within Dept. 7,558 Referred to Juvenile Court 26,653 Referred to DFCS 1,144 Referred to Other Police Dept. 292 Referred to Adult/ Criminal Court Total Dispositions 4,086 39,731 % to Court 77.4% 2002 8,714 26,762 970 443 2003 8,792 28,562 930 706 2004 9,453 32,105 2,070 856 2005 9,133 30,161 893 831 4,751 4,171 5,292 4,233 41,640 43,161 49,776 45,251 75.7% 75.8% 75.1% 76.0% Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation--Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC) In FY06, the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) served more than 55,000 youth. Very few juveniles who are under age 13 are referred to DJJ. More than half of the 2005 referrals to DJJ were youth age 15 or 16. Two-thirds of these youth were boys. About 45% of the youth were White, the rest were minority youth (49% Black, 4% Hispanic, and 2% some other race). GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 54 A SAFE GEORGIA Adult Corrections Make laws O P B FFICE OF LANNING AND UDGET 55 2 5/16/2007 Conceptualized by Dr. Timothy Carr Georgia Department of Corrections GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A SAFE GEORGIA Adult Corrections Adult Offenders in Georgia--2006 Prisoners 55,869 Parolees 23,556 State Probationers 143,800 Private/County Probationers* 228,216 Federal Probationers* 3,254 Jail Inmates Total * * estimate Nov. 2006 Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles 36,785 488,045 About 488,000 Georgians are under some form of correctional supervision. Georgia ranks 6th in the nation in prison incarceration rate. The number of inmates in state prison and probationers in state community correctional facilities increased 87.2% between 1994 & 2006, growing from 30,810 in 1994 to 57,665 in December 2006. Year-End 2005 Prison Incarceration Rates per 100,000 Residents Rank Rate Place 491 United States 1 797 Louisiana 2 691 Texas 3 682 Mississippi 4 652 Oklahoma 5 591 Alabama 6 533 Georgia 7 529 Missouri 8 525 South Carolina 9 521 Arizona 10 499 Florida Source: US Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics 70,000 Inmate and Probation Facility Population 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Inmate Facilities 32,950 34,068 34,872 36,191 38,971 41,602 43,859 45,814 46,991 46,989 47,985 49,143 52,626 Prob. Facilities 3,076 3,555 3,543 3,898 4,231 4,028 4,429 4,752 5,253 5,295 5,514 4,811 5,039 Source: Georgia Department of Corrections GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 56 A SAFE GEORGIA Profile of Current Prison Inmates and Current Probationers Prison Inmates Current Probationers 49,127 Men* 3,508 Women* 107,995 Men* 31,752 Women* Black/White: 63%/37% Black/White: 47%/53% Black/White: 51%/48% Black/White: 44%/55% Average age = 36 Average age = 36 Average age = 35 Average age = 35 61% single 53% single Offense: Offense: Highest grade: 10 Highest grade: 11 23% violent/sex 12% violent/sex Absent father: 42% Absent father: 32% 31% property 48% property 58% are parents 73% are parents 37% drug 35% drug Number of children: 62,890 Offense: Number of children: 6,952 Offense: *As of Nov. 2006 Source: Georgia Department of Corrections 59% violent/sex 39% violent/sex 20% property 34% property 16% drug 25% drug *As of Nov. 2006 Source: Georgia Department of Corrections 2006 State Daily Cost by Offender Placement The various center placement options are less costly than prison placement. Many offenders in these centers are able to hold jobs and pay for part of their upkeep. Prison placement is the most expensive form of offender supervision ($46.06 per offender per day). Security and medical costs account for most of this expense (45% and 22%, respectively). $1.29 Regular Probation Supervision $3.40 Intensive Probation Supervision $9.15 Day Reporting Centers $30.21 Diversion Centers $39.19 Transitional Centers $42.29 Detention Centers $43.59 Private Prisons $46.06 State Prisons Source: Georgia Department of Corrections 57 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE Percent reconvicted within 3 years A SAFE GEORGIA Reconviction Three-year Felony Reconviction Rate by Facility Type 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year of release from prison Transitional Center Probation Success County Camp Detention Centers State Prison, IBC, annexes Diversion Centers Source: Georgia Department of Corrections Georgia defines offender recidivism as reconviction for a felony offense. Typically, the data are reported as a three-year rate (i.e., offenders released from prison who return to prison on a felony reconviction within three years). Probation is the least costly form of offender supervision and has the lowest felony reconviction rate. Offenders who successfully complete probation have the lowest 3-year felony reconviction rate (about 10%). Offenders released from state prisons, inmate boot camps and prison annexes have the highest 3-year felony reconviction rate (about 28%). Offenders released from transitional centers have about a 20% 3-year felony reconviction rate. Some variations in these felony reconviction rates can be explained by the type of offender serving a sentence on probation in the community versus the type of offender serving a sentence in prison. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 58 A SAFE GEORGIA Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles 80% 70% 61% 60% 50% 45% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% FY1998 Average Parole Completion Rates--Georgia and U.S. 72% 68% 68% 64% 61% 61% 60% 60% Begin stricter counting method 43% 43% 46% 45% 47% 47% 46% 45% FY1999 FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles Georgia US Profile of Current Parolees (as of Nov. 2006) 21,207 Men 2,659 Women Black/White: 63%/37% Black/White: 47%/53% Average age = 38 Average age = 39 Offense: Offense: 18% violent/sex 12% violent/sex 28% property 42% property 41% drug Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles 36% drug Crime Type of Active Parolees Other Violent/Sex 10% 18% Drug Property 43% 29% Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles Seven out of ten parolees are serving sentences for drug or property crimes. Many parolees over age 60 are serving sentences for violent crimes as these crimes often have life sentences. In January 2007, there were 627 parolees age 60 and older. More than 80% of parolees are employed. Each day of employment while on parole reduces the parolee's likelihood of arrest by 1%. Only 49% of parolees were employed prior to incarceration. 7,866 parolees entered drug treatment in FY06. About 76% of parolees have substance abuse problems. Each month of attending treatment programs during parole means a 2% reduction in the likelihood of arrest. In FY06, parolees paid $4.35 million back into the state treasury in parole supervision fees, restitution, and victims' compensation fees. 59 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE A SAFE GEORGIA Prison Population and Parole Population FY91--FY06 60,000 52,232 50,000 40,000 30,000 23,005 20,000 23,302 10,000 23,808 0 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles Inmate Population Parole Population FY06 Cost Per Day Probation Supervision $ 1.29 Parole Supervision $ 4.08 Prison Incarceration $46.06 Georgia has the 7th highest parole population in the United States. Georgia's FY06 cost per day of parolee supervision ($4.08) is 42% less than the 2002 national average of $6.94. Inmates who leave prison at the expiration of their sentence are known as "maxouts". The number of maxouts more than doubled over the past 15 years. Parole Releases and Prison Maxouts FY91--FY06 18,000 16,772 16,000 14,000 11,525 12,000 10,000 Maxouts account for 8,000 6,456 36% of all releases, up from 13% in FY91. 6,000 In FY91, there were almost as many offenders on parole as there were in prison. By FY06 there were twice as many offenders in prison as on parole. 4,000 2,397 2,000 0 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 Board Releases Maxouts Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 60 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE BEST MANAGED STATE BEST MANAGED STATE Best Managed State Governor Sonny Perdue has set a goal to make Georgia the Best Managed State in America. The Governor's vision is clear-- to ensure that in all endeavors, stewards of the state are mindful of some very basic principles that: Inspire innovation and productivity by empowering our state employees on the frontlines by cutting unnecessary bureaucracy, cutting unnecessary regulation, and providing incentives for an effective and efficient state government; and, Ensure that the state is a good steward of the public treasury by creating a results-oriented government where productivity and outcomes carry a higher priority than the politics-ofthe-day. Georgia is now the nation's ninth-largest state with a budget of $20 billion. How State Dollars Are Spent (FY2007) HB 1027 Healthy Georgia 20.5% Safe Georgia 8.2% Best Managed State 6.6% Educated Georgia 55.6% Growing Georgia 4.5% Debt Service 4.6% Policy Area: Educated Georgia Healthy Georgia Safe Georgia Best Managed State Growing Georgia Debt Service Total: State Funds Appropriations GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 62 $10,375,458,536 3,825,853,820 1,523,835,506 1,226,320,822 835,732,897 867,362,477 $18,654,564,058 BEST MANAGED STATE Debt Management Plan Georgia has implemented a formal debt management plan to help the State fund ongoing spending priorities for projects such as new schools and highways. The plan guides the State in determining the proper level of bonds that can be sold to meet these needs without jeopardizing its triple-A rating. The better a state's bond rating, the lower the interest it must pay for borrowing. The 2007 Debt Management Plan sets three limits: maximum debt ratios as measured by debt service to prior year revenues, debt to personal income, and debt per capita. The plan then uses these limits as benchmarks for determining the estimated bond obligations the state can incur during the plan years. Debt Ratio Debt Service to Prior Year Revenues Debt to Personal Income Debt per Capita Maximum Levels Without GARVEEs 7.0% 3.5% $1,200 Maximum Levels With GARVEEs 8.0% 4.0% $1,500 Note: GARVEE bonds are taxexempt debt instrument financing mechanisms backed by annual federal appropriations for federalaid transportation projects. The 2006 Debt Management Plan showed debt ratio levels comfortably below maximum levels set by the State: Debt Service to Prior Year Receipts** Debt Service to Current Year Receipts** Debt to Personal Income Debt per Capita Projected Debt Ratios without GARVEEs Triple-A Maximum Average Plan Level 2007 2008 2009 NA* 7.0% 6.45% 6.19% 6.30% NA* NA 6.16% 5.88% 6.01% 3.3% $915 3.5% $1,200 2.67% $881 2.71% $935 2.71% $973 2010 6.42% 6.10% 2.63% $981 2011 2012 6.33% 6.01% 2.54% $985 6.03% 5.73% 2.47% $990 Debt to Actual Value ---- NA 0.99% 1.03% 1.06% 1.05% 1.03% 1.02% Note: Peak debt ratios shown in bold. Based on debt outstanding at the end of the year. *Georgia's constitutional debt limit is for both general obligation and guaranteed revenue debt, the highest aggregate annual debt service requirements, including pro- posed debt, for the current year or any subsequent year, cannot exceed 10 percent of the prior year's total treasury receipts. In addition, 10 percent is the standard used by rating agency analysts as a warning level that should not be exceeded, as a greater percentage could place too heavy a fixed-cost burden on the budget, thereby limiting fiscal flexibility. **Debt service includes amounts authorized, but currently unissued. Projected Debt Ratios with GARVEEs Debt Service to Prior Year Receipts + Federal Reimbursements Debt Service to Current Year Receipts + Federal Reimbursements Debt to Personal Income Triple-A Average NA* NA* 3.3% Maximum Plan Level 8.0% NA 4.0% 2007 6.43% 6.15% 2.84% 2008 6.51% 6.19% 3.03% 2009 7.00% 2010 2011 2012 7.44% 7.55% 7.18% 6.68% 7.08% 7.17% 6.83% 3.19% 3.25% 3.22% 3.06% Debt per Capita $915 $1,500 $934 $1,043 $1,147 $1,213 $1,247 $1,228 Debt to Actual Value ---- NA 1.05% 1.15% 1.25% 1.29% 1.31% 1.26% Note: Peak debt ratios shown in bold. Based on debt outstanding at the end of the year. *Georgia's constitutional debt limit is for both general obligation and guaranteed revenue debt, the highest aggregate annual debt service requirements, including proposed debt, for the current year or any subsequent year, cannot exceed 10 percent of the prior year's total treasury receipts. In addition, 10 percent is the standard used by rating agency analysts as a warning level that should not be exceeded, as a greater percentage could place too heavy a fixed-cost burden on the budget, thereby limiting fiscal flexibility. 63 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE BEST MANAGED STATE Laffer Report Ranks Georgia's Economic Outlook #1 in the Nation Economist Arthur Laffer ranked Georgia's economic outlook first in the nation as of March 2006, followed by Virginia, Delaware, Arkansas and North Carolina. Georgia's ranking has risen to number one over the past four years from 24th in 2002. Georgia's success is credited in large part to its commitment to reducing the tax burden on its citizens and businesses over the past four years. This comes over a four-year period during which states as a whole have raised taxes annually. Laffer also praised Georgia's 2005 decision to determine corporate income taxes based on sales alone, a move that he predicts might save businesses $100 million annually. Arthur Laffer is the developer of the "Laffer Curve," which illustrates the theory that cutting taxes in certain situations can lead to an increase in economic activity and government revenue. For more than two decades, Laffer Associates has specialized in the analysis of state and local economic policies. Laffer's annual study is a seven-category analysis that compares state tax and fiscal policies. A copy of the Laffer Report is available at www.gov.state.ga.us. Laffer Report: State and Local Tax Revenue by Type of Tax (FY 2003) Tax Type GA US Individual Income Taxes Corporate Income / Corporate License Taxes Property Taxes General Sales Taxes Selective Sales Taxes * Motor Fuel Taxes * Alcoholic Beverage Taxes * Tobacco Taxes * Public Utility Taxes * Other Selective Sales Taxes 25.80% 21.20% 2.20% 4.00% 29.10% 31.60% 31.00% 24.40% 2.80% 1.10% 0.50% 0.90% 3.10% 3.60% 0.50% 1.30% 2.20% 4.00% Motor Vehicle License Taxes Other Taxes 0.90% 1.90% 2.80% 5.30% 100.00% 100.00% Georgia Maintains Highest Credit Rating During September 2005, the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission (GSFIC) approved $506 million in new bonds and refinanced $425 million in existing bonds, resulting in the largest bond issuance in state history or more than $931 million. Georgia is one of only seven states currently rated triple-A by all three of the major bond rating agencies. Through sound financial management the refinancing of existing bonds at a low interest rate of 3.9% will save $27.2 million. As of June 30, 2006, the State of Georgia maintained these investment service bond ratings: Moody's Investors Service Standard & Poor's Corporation Aaa AAA GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE Fitch's Investor's Service Incorporated 64 AAA BEST MANAGED STATE Human Resources With the best managed human resources system in the nation, Georgia boasts strengths in four of the five areas of personnel management: Strategic Workforce Planning, Hiring, Retaining Employees, Managing Employee Performance and Training and Development. Workforce planning is required by law for executive agencies in the state. Agency strategic planning incorporates business, technology, workforce, and budget planning at the same time, allowing for a truly comprehensive and interlinked strategic direction. Future workforce gaps can be identified by the agency and incorporated into the budget process. The state places great emphasis on competencies by maintaining and building on a centralized database. Aided by its interactive recruitment website, Georgia hires new employees quickly. Every state employee is evaluated through a pay for performance system that rewards workers with bonuses for their respective rating and achievements. --Government Performance Project As of July 2006, the State of Georgia employed 142,024 people. State Government Employment by Function FY2006 Public Safety, 16.3% Economic Development and Assistance, 3.2% Culture and Recreation, 2.1% Conservation, .05% Transportation, 4.0% Georgia Technology Authority, .04% Health and Welfare, 15.5% Education, .08% General Government, 4.8% Higher Education Fund, 52.3% General Government Education Health and Welfare Transportation Public Safety Economic Development and Assistance Culture and Recreation Conservation Georgia Technology Authority Higher Education Fund Number of Employees 6,779 1,129 22,170 5,769 23,266 4,589 2,945 742 562 74,635 Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2006, reported by Georgia Department of Audits and Accounts Note: Employees of certain business-type activities organizations are included in Governmental Activities as follows: Employees of the State Employees' Health Benefit Plan are included as employees of the Department of Community Health in Health and Welfare. Employees of the Unemployment Compensation Fund are included as employees of the Department of Labor in Economic Development and Assistance. 65 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE BEST MANAGED STATE Commission for a New Georgia Governor Perdue created the Commission for a New Georgia in 2003, as an independent, privately-funded business-sector advisory council, to streamline government operations, and to analyze state government for increased efficiency. The Commission brings an outside perspective and enterprise thinking to the workings of state government, and recommends business-tested tools and best practices to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Commission objectives are directed at best value for the tax dollar, operational cost savings that will free up funds for higher priorities, increased accountability and transparency in managing state assets, streamlined management capabilities through enterprise-wide systems, and customer-centered services. [Governor] Perdue has taken some important first steps. His foremost effort so far has been the creation of the Commission for a New Georgia, a public-private partnership to analyze state government for increased efficiency. Since 2003, the Commission has launched 17 short-term task forces of private-sector experts and pro bono consultants to analyze administrative processes and modernize With more permanent status than a traditional blue-ribbon group, the commission is divided into a dozen smaller task forces that focus on issues ranging from procurement of supplies to business systems and strategies. tourism promotion and workforce training. The commission has come out for restructured The Governor's Office of Implementation was established in 2004 to lead inter-agency management of state-owned property and a leadership institute to better develop the state's workforce. efforts to put the initiatives into action. One change already in place is the appointment As of December 2006, Commission initiatives of a Director of Implementation -- which in itself provides hope that the commission rec- implemented in government have generated ommendations won't languish on a shelf. $21.9 million in estimated savings. (This amount does not include cost avoidance and ----Governing: Grading the States `05 proceeds from property sales used to renovate state office buildings.) The Commission for a New Georgia Task Forces engaged more than 300 knowledgeable citizens and reported key findings, issues, and recommendations for: Tourism Receivables Procurement Space Management Capital Construction Fleet Management I and II Workforce Development Administrative Services Strategic Industries Leadership Development Customer Service Aviation Public Finance Options Competitiveness Eminent Scholars Think Tank Session Community Care for Behavioral Health, and Developmental Disabilities Telecommunications & Technology State Health Benefits Plan GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 66 67 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE BEST MANAGED STATE BEST MANAGED STATE Customer Service in Georgia State Government: Governor Sonny Perdue appointed Georgia's Customer Service Task Force in January 2005. Its recommendations followed several months later: Develop a customer-focused culture Imbed a process improvement methodology to speed up service delivery Improve the performance of existing call centers Create a General Information Center (GIC) as a single point of access for state services Each Georgia citizen who walks through our door for a government service is an opportunity. It is my intention that Georgia government employees will take advantage of those opportunities, showing citizens that we respect and value their time. --Governor Sonny Perdue In January 2006, Governor Perdue endorsed the recommendations, and the plans were shared with agency heads during the Governor's Customer Service Summit. In July 2006, 42 executive agencies, including the University System of Georgia, launched their Customer Service Improvement Plans in conjunction with Governor Perdue's kickoff event. Employees all over the state, more than 130,000 strong, joined in this effort, proving that we are one organization, with one goal "Team Georgia. Ready to Serve." First Year Results: Driver Services Typical waits of 1 to 2 hours have been eliminated. Average time to be served now just over 6 minutes. In June 2005, only 79% of Department of Driver Services (DDS) customers were served within 30 minutes. Currently about 97% of DDS customers are served within 30 minutes. Child Support Services Developed a process to slash the time to prepare a child support order for court action from 4 months to same day service. Process time for enforcement actions is being reduced by 2/3 (90 days to 30 days). Statewide implementation of these new processes began in April, 2006. Call Center Improvement The average time to answer a call has been reduced from 4:42 minutes to 1:39 minutes. The target time is 0:37 minute. The percentage of calls not answered decreased from 17.3% to 11% . The target percentage is 7.5%. Time on hold was reduced by 65%, from 5 minutes to 2 minutes, saving constituents 3 minutes per call. Abandonment rates down; 600,000 more constituent calls were answered. These improvements were accomplished with the same staff, same amount of money. The General Information Call Center will begin implementation in May 2007. A directory of services and information to help call center staff answer and direct questions is currently being developed. GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 68 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE SOURCES A Growing Georgia Governor's Office of Planning and Budget http://www.opb.state.ga.us/ US Census Bureau http://www.census.gov Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts http://bea.gov/bea/regional/data.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/home.htm Bureau of Transportation Statistics http://www.bts.gov/ US Commerce Department Exports http://tse.export.gov/ US Agriculture Department http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome American Community Survey http://www.census.gov/acs/www/ American Housing Survey http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/ahs/ahs.html UGA Georgia Statistics System http://www.georgiastats.uga.edu/ Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson Airport http://www.atlanta-airport.com/ GA Ports Authority http://www.gaports.com/index2.html GA Department of Economic Development http://www.georgia.org/ Georgia Trend Magazine http://georgiatrend.com/ An Educated Georgia Georgia Department of Education http://public.doe.k12.ga.us/ Georgia Student Finance Commission http://www.gsfc.org/Main/dsp_main.cfm Georgia Board of Regents http://www.usg.edu/ Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education http://www.dtae.org/ Governor's Office of Student Achievement http://www.gaosa.org/ Bright from the Start http://www.decal.state.ga.us/ A Healthy Georgia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/ Annie E. Casey Foundation Kids Count http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/ Kaiser Foundation http://www.kff.org/ National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy http://www.teenpregnancy.org/ Georgia Department of Human Resources http://dhr.georgia.gov/portal/site/DHR/ Georgia Department of Community Health http://dch.georgia.gov/ Georgia Division of Family and Children Services http://dfcs.dhr.georgia.gov/portal/site Georgia Division of Public Health http://health.state.ga.us/ Georgia Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Addictive Disease http://mhddad.dhr.georgia.gov/portal/site/DHR-MHDDAD/ Georgia Board for Physician Workforce http://gbpw.georgia.gov/02/gbpw/home/0,2515,49259818,00.html Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry http://www.georgiacancer.org/html/edu-cancerregistry.php Voices for Georgia's Children http://www.georgiavoices.org/ A Safe Georgia Federal Bureau of Investigation http://www.fbi.gov/ Bureau of Justice Statistics http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin May 2006, NCJ 213133 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Highlights Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2005 National Institute of Justice http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat5.section.37532 National Criminal Justice Reference Service http://www.ncjrs.gov/ National Criminal Justice Reference Service substance abuse http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/jr000244e.pdf Office of National Drug Control Policy http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/ National Highway Traffic Safety Association http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ Child fatalities http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/CHILDRENTSF05.PDF Seat belt usage http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/809970.PDF http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810690.PDF Traffic fatalities 1975-2005 http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/STATETRAFFICDATA05.PDF Youth Internet Safety Survey http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/ Georgia Department of Corrections http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/ Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice http://www.djj.state.ga.us/ Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles http://www.pap.state.ga.us/opencms/opencms/ Georgia Bureau of Investigation http://www.state.ga.us/gbi/ Georgia Bureau of Investigation juvenile arrests http://www.state.ga.us/gbi/2005ucrsum.html#juvarrestdis Georgia Bureau of Investigation crime data http://www.ganet.org/gbi/stcrime_100k.html Georgia Criminal Justice Coordinating Council http://www.state.ga.us/cjcc/index.html Georgia Alliance for Drug Endangered Children http://www.georgiadec.org/ "The Impact of Methamphetamine on Georgia" Applied Research Services http://www.ars-corp.com/ Best Managed State Laffer Associates, Laffer State Competitive Environment, A Supply-Side Ranking of the States As of March 2006 Report http://www.gov.state.ga.us Governing State & Local Source Book 2006 Governing: Grading the States `05 GA Department of Economic Development http://www.georgia.org/ Georgia Trend Magazine http://georgiatrend.com/ State of Georgia Comprehensive Annual Financial Report June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2006 The Fiscal Survey of States, December 2006, National Governors Association, National Association of State Budget Officers Report Commission for New Georgia http://www.newgeorgia.org Governor's Office of Customer Service Georgia Merit System http://www.gms.state.ga.us/ Governor's Office of Planning and Budget http://www.opb.state.ga.us/ Office of the Governor http://www.gov.state.ga.us/