General industrial arts laboratory, general shop: a suggested program for industrial arts for the public schools of Georgia [1939]

I LABORAT
kjreneral ^hop
A ^Suggested Program for industrial Arts for the Public Schools or Georgia
Georgia ( rogram ror the Improvement or Instruction in the ( ublic schools
STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Bulletin No. 2 --April, ip3p

INDUSTRIAL ARTS Bulletin No. 2
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY
GENERAL SHOP

Georgia Program for the Improvement of Instrucl ion in the Public Schools

M. E. THOMPSON Director

PAUL R. MORROW Director of Reseatch

CELIA C. MCCALL Assistant Director of Research

State Department of Education M. D. COLLINS
Stale Superintendent of Schools April, 1939

I I

COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL ARTS
IVAN HOSTETLER, Chairman, South Georgia Teachers College, Collegeboro, Ga.
K. L. BING, South Georgia Teachers College, Collegeboro, Ga. J. A. CALDWELL, Columbus Public Schools, Columbus, Ga. H. O. FOSTER, Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. JOHN LYTJEN, Richard Arnold Junior High School, Savannah, Ga. J. W. MCCREERY, Savannah High School, Savannah, Ga. E. K. ROGERS, Joe Brown Junior High School, Atlanta, Ga, HAROLD SACK, Savannah High School, Savannah, Ga. C. R. TOWNSEND, O'Keefe Junior High School, Atlanta, Ga. E. H. TURNER, Griffin High School, Griffin, Ga. D. M. WARD, Bibb County Schools, Macon, Ga. P. S. WOODWARD, Atlanta Vocational School, Atlanta, Ga,

SUB-COMMITTEE ON
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY

J. W. MCCREERY, Chairman

C. P. EAST

FULTON BELL

JOHN LYTJEN

C. J. DEMARS

NAIRN Ross

HAROLD SACK

FOREWORD
This publication, General Industrial Arts Laboratory or General Shop, is one of a series of three bulletins on industrial arts for the public schools of Georgia. These bulletins have been prepared by a committee of teachers and administrators of industrial arts in the state, and are published as materials of the Georgia Program for the Improvement of Instruction in the Public Schools.
There is a need for more of the right type of industrial-arts education in the schools of Georgia. It is hoped that this bulletin, and the others soon to be published, will extend industrial-arts education in the public schools and also place it on the sound basis of meeting the needs of Georgia's pupils and communities as a regular part of the public school curriculum.
M. D. COLLINS State Superintendent of Schools

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In the preparation of this bulletin many sources were drawn upon and special acknowledgments are hereby made to the following:
Industrial Arts and Vocational Education Magazine; Problems in Woodwork, E. F. Worst; Furniture and Its Use, Government Bulletin; Elements of Sheet Metal Work, R. L. Welch; Syllabus on Sheet Metal, F. Bell and others; Art Metalwork, A. F. Payne; General Shop Handbook, George A. Willoughby and Duane G. Chamberlain; Interesting Art-Metal Work, Joseph J. Lukowitz; William Dixon Catalogue, William Dixon, Inc., Newark, New Jersey; Foundry Work, Robert E. Wendt; Foundry Practice, Boy Scouts of America; Mrs. J. B. Hosmer, Atlanta, Georgia; Pottery in the Making, Dora Lunn; Industrial Work for the Middle Grades, Edward F. Worst; The Basketry Book, Mary M. Blanchard; Canework, Charles Crampton; How to Make Baskets, Mary White; Basketry of Native Mississippi Materials, Hill (Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College from Bulletin 22, March 1923); Projects in Leather, Boy Scouts of America; Foley-Tripp Co., New York City; Working with Leather, Maurice H. Decker; Osborn Brothers Supply Co., Inc., Chicago; Job Sheets in Home Mechanics, F. E. Tustison; Seat Weaving, L. Day Perry.

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

PAGE
9

The Place of Industrial Arts in the Public School Curriculum.. 9

Industrial Arts Laboratory Types

11

Industrial Arts Activities

12

Floor Plans

15

Bibliography

16

II. THE GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY Objectives Recommendations Scope Chart Floor Plan, Bench, and Table

17 17 17 19 20,21,22

III. DRAWING AND PLANNING

25

IV. WOODWORK

32

Hand Woodwork

32

Home Repair and Maintenance

33

Machine Woodwork

34

Carpentry

:

34

Upholstery

35

V. METALWORK

42

Bench Metal

42

Sheet Metal

44

Forging

49

Art Metal

51

Metal Casting

56

Plumbing

58

CONTENTS

VI. ELECTRICITY

64

VII. CERAMICS

69

Bricklaying

69

Concrete

73

Pottery

77

VIII. ARTS AND CRAFTS

82

Basketry

82

Reed

82

Raffia

84

Native Materials

84

Honeysuckle Vine

85

Pine Needles

85

Sweet Grass

87

Oak Splints and Willow Splints

87

Leather Work

87

Caning and Fiber Work

91

IX. MINIMUM COST OF TOOLS FOR EACH ACTIVITY

(CONSOLIDATED)

95

X. SOURCES OF FREE AND INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS

96

INTRODUCTION
THE PLACE OF INDUSTRIAL ARTS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOL CURRICULUM
ELEMENTARY LEVEL
Industrial arts on the elementary school level is not a subject as we think of arithmetic, geography or language; rather, it is a supportive agency through which the traditional subjects may be made more vital, interesting and purposeful. It gives the child an opportunity to exercise his investigative and manipulative tendencies along such lines as will aid him in a better understanding of his schoolwork. It also helps him to relate his studies to his daily activities outside the schoolroom.
It is believed that the values derived from industrial arts on the elementary school level are so fundamental that progress in education will advance with greater rapidity when its content and method are recognized and included in the common education of our children.
LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL
Industrial arts on the lower secondary level assumes a very different purpose from that in the lower grades. It becomes more specific in nature and is based upon several definite occupations or kinds of work. Instead of being carried on in the regular classroom as an aid to the many other activities, it now has its own room called an industrial arts laboratory and it is taught by a man especially trained for the job.
The activities incorporated in this course must be wide and varied for a number of reasons. In the first place, the pupil should become acquainted with several types of work so that he may exercise his exploratory instincts and put himself in a better position to choose the work in which he may wish to specialize later in his school life. He may also choose interesting and valuable avocational activities which
9

will help him to live a happier and more useful life. In the next place, this type of work will provide for individual differences and permit each pupil to develop to the fullest extent of his ability. Finally, these varied activities will give the pupil an understanding of the problems involved in the manufacture of industrial products and thus foster a more extensive knowledge of the things he buys and uses.
UPPER SECONDARY LEVEL
On the upper secondary level industrial arts again changes its purpose. The pupil begins to think of a vocation and wishes to become better acquainted with a definite type of work. He also has a desire to attain a certain degree of skill in the handling of tools and machinery and is willing to work toward that end. As indicated in an earlier paragraph, this is not vocational training but industrial arts with a rather broad and specialized content and purpose. It may be thought of as prevocational training.
ADULT LEVEL
The industrial-arts teacher is so trained that he can be helpful in many ways to the adults of the community. The age, training, and experience of the individual instructor will largely determine the type of assistance he will be able to give. His services will be largely of an advisory and leadership nature and may extend into several fields.
One of the problems that faces each adult is the conservation of his income through wise buying and using of commercially produced products. The industrial-arts instructor is often able to assist the people of his community through advice on qualities, finishes, and designs in the purchase of such articles as furniture, tools, and machinery. His knowledge would also make his work of value in suggesting ways of cutting down expenditures about the home in such matters, for instance, as a slight repair to a window, a screen, or an electrical appliance, or perhaps in the construction of a dry well refrigerator.
The aesthetic side of our lives is becoming more important as our leisure time increases. We naturally turn to the beautification of our homes and communities as we are permitted more freedom from our vocations. We also strive to make our social contacts more pleasant and profitable. The industrial-arts instructor may help in these efforts through his knowledge of such things as antiques, period furniture, color schemes, lawn furniture, etc. In some cases he may assist in the construction of stage properties for community plays and oper-
10

ettas. He might also take part in various other community activities, such as art clubs, music clubs, and garden clubs.
A number of other activities in which the shop teacher may have a part are (1) community safety programs, (2) home and community recreational facilities, (3) home-building problems, (4) home workshops, and (5) courses for car drivers on the operation of vehicles in accordance with the existing traffic regulations.
INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY TYPES
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY
There are two chief types of shops in which industrial arts may be conducted. The first is the General Industrial Arts Laboratory or what is commonly known as the General Shop. This is a shop in which several different activities, such as drawing, woodwork, sheet metalwork, metal casting, and the like, are carried on simultaneously in one room under one instructor. As an agency for exploration, guidance, consumer and leisure-time education, it has no peer. When properly conducted, the General Industrial Arts Laboratory will do more to vitalize the education of public school pupils than any other one activity. It finds its more valuable place in the school where only one shop is justified. Another feature of this type of shop is that after the pupil has taken the regular course he may specialize in one or more particular kinds of work. Hence, it meets the needs of the pupil in the upper secondary school level as well as those of the pupil in the lower secondary level.
UNIT INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY
The other type of organization is called the Unit Industrial Arts Laboratory or what is commonly known as the Unit Shop. This is a laboratory in which one type of work or activity is carried on under one instructor. Several of these unit shops are taken together to form the industrial arts curriculum in any individual school. Thus, a boy may decide to specialize in woodwork, sheet metalwork, or machine shop and will take the course in a laboratory especially equipped for that particular activity. This setup is unique in its adaptation to the upper secondary level of the city high school where the enrollment is large enough to warrant several separate shops.
Perhaps one further type of organization should be mentioned here. In the larger communities where the enrollment will permit, a number
11

of unit shops similar to those on the upper secondary level may be installed on the lower secondary level. The pupil is routed through these shops in such a manner that he comes in contact with all of the different types of work. The time spent in each unit is generally longer than experienced by the pupil in the General Industrial Arts Laboratory and consequently, he gets a more specialized course. However, the General Industrial Arts Laboratory may also function in the larger school in as much as it provides a place for exploratory work and helps in the guidance program.

INDUSTRIAL ARTS ACTIVITIES
When an industrial arts laboratory is to be installed, one of the first questions to be asked is: "What shall we teach?" Chief among the criteria for choosing the activities are (1) the aims and objectives, (2) the type of community, (3) the type and age of the student, and (4) the amount of money available. Under ordinary circumstances, it is wise to select three or four activities at the start and add others as conditions permit. The types of work chosen should be organized so that the result will be a unified and well-balanced course.
The following list indicates types of work and suggested activities which are well adapted to the public schools of Georgia.

TYPES OF ACTIVITIES Drafting and Planning
Woodwork and Carpentry

PROJECTS FOR SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
Sketching and drawing projects before they are constructed in the shop
Plan and blueprint reading
Bookracks Tables Necktie racks Footstools Breadboards Memorandum pads Feed troughs Self-feeders Chicken houses Stockhouses
12

Metalwork Art Metal
Forging Metal Casting Metal Spinning Metal Turning Ornamental Iron Sheet metal eramics

Letter opener Copper or pewter etched bowl Copper desk set Ash tray
Cold chisel Andirons Ice tongs Hasp Meathook Clevis Trace hook
Book ends Ash trays Lamp bases Bridge arms
Bowls Plates Pitchers
Punches Hammers Machine parts
Magazine baskets Lamps Harness racks Shelf brackets
Funnels Cooky cutters Sugar scoops Feed scoops Repair household utensils
Bowls Vases Cream pitchers Sugar bowls Jugs
13

Ceramics--Continued

Watering troughs Stepping stones Lawn benches Birdbaths Sidewalks

General Mechanics Electricity Weaving and Basket Making

Repair and refinish furniture Repair screens Replace window panes Sharpen edge tools Grind' cold chisels
Bell wiring Drop cords Attachment cords Dry cell hookups Care of wet battery Radio Safety precautions Repair of house appliances
Magazine baskets Chair bottoms Clothes hampers Rugs Bath towels Loom weaving

Leather Work

Billfolds Coin purses Key holders AI occasins Repair shoes Repair harness

Plumbing Printing

Cut and thread pipe Replace faucet washers Clean drain traps Adjust toilet tanks
Programs Calling cards Stationery Handbills Tickets

14

Book Binding Block Printing

Repair books Bind magazines
Christmas cards Name plates Book plates Foundry patterns

FLOOR PLANS
The industrial arts laboratory may be housed in a spare classroom in the main school building, but it is highly desirable to have a separate building. This separate building will offer better lighting, allow for expansion, eliminate noise which may interfere with other classes. In some cases, an addition to an existing structure will suffice. Further suggestions and information in regard to shop plans and layouts may be obtained from other bulletins of this series, from South Georgia Teachers College, Collegeboro, Georgia, and from the Interstate School Building Service, George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee.
In planning the industrial arts laboratory and equipping it, the following items* should be kept in mind:
1. The nature of the program of education to be carried on in such a shop
2. The type of community 3. The objectives of the course 4. The use the pupils will make of the training received 5. The types of projects available for training purposes 6. The possibilities of expanding the program 7. The number of students to be reached
The minimum floor space for a general shop should not be less than 1,200 square feet, however, it is much more desirable to have from 1,600 to 2,400 square feet.
*Shopwork for Rural High Schools, Bulletin No. 233. Lansing, Michigan: Control for Vocational Education.

15

BIBLIOGRAPHY References for Teachers and Administrators
The following publications will be helpful to those interested in learning more about the industrial arts laboratory and to those who are planning to install such a department. Textbooks for the various kinds of work are listed for teachers and students throughout this bulletin and the series.
Books and Bulletins Bonser, Frederick G., and Mossman, Lois C., Industrial Arts for Elementary Schools.
Atlanta, Georgia: The Macmillan Co., 1936. $2.40. Ericson, Emanuel E., Teaching Problems in Industrial Arts. Peoria, Illinois: The
Manual Arts Press, 1930. $2.75. London, H. H., and Hostetler, Ivan, List of Equipment for a General Shop. College-
boro, Georgia: South Georgia Teachers College, March, 1937. Newkirk, Louis V., and Stoddard, George D., The General Shop. Peoria, Illinois:
The Manual Arts Press, 1929. $1.75. Proffitt, Maris M., Industrial Arts, Its Interpretation in the American Schools (Re-
port of a committee appointed by the Commissioner of Education.) Washington, D. C: U. S. Department of Interior, 1938. $ .15. Roehl, Louis M., Shop Management in Rural High Schools. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1934. $1.00. Selvidge, Robert W., and Fryklund, Verne C, Principles of Trade and Industrial Teaching. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press, 1930. $2.75. Vaughan, Samuel J., and Mays, Arthur B., Content and Methods of the Industrial Arts. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1924. $2.00.
Magazines Home Craftsman. The Home Craftsman Publishing Corporation, 115 Worth Street,
New York, New York. Industrial Arts and Vocational Education Magazine. The Bruce Publishing Co.,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Yearly subscription, $2.50. Industrial Education Magazine. The Manual Arts Press, Peoria, Illinois. Yearly
subscription, $2.50. Popular Home Craft. General Publishing Co., Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Yearly sub-
scription, $2.50.
16

II.
THE GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY
As stated on page 11 the General Industrial Arts Laboratory will do more to vitalize the education of public school pupils than any other one activity. Through the construction of useful articles made of materials of industry students put to practical use knowledge gained by them in mathematics, science, and other subjects of the school curriculum. Students may construct a set of scenery, school furniture, some science laboratory accessories, athletic equipment, or similar material which lends itself to enrich many phases of the school program.
SOME OBJECTIVES OF A GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY
1. To enable students to develop abilities in the manipulative processes and procedures in the construction and repair of things
2. To enable students to acquire the related knowledge to perform these processes correctly and intelligently
3. To enable students to develop the ability to select, purchase, and use the products of industry in everyday life
4. To enable students to acquire a knowledge of occupations associated with industry
5. To create in students a desire to do things around the home to improve their standard of living
6. To promote a desire in students to maintain in good condition the tools and other equipment about the home and to acquire other useful devices
7. To instill in students the dignity of honest work with one's hands 8. To furnish profitable and enjoyable use of one's leisure time
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that the general laboratory be introduced in the seventh, eighth, or ninth grade as an exploratory subject. After a
17

two-year exploratory period the student may be allowed to devote his entire time to one activity provided he receives the approval of his instructor.
Areas of activities may be selected from the following list: 1. Drawing and planning 2. Woodwork 3. Metalwork 4. Electricity 5. Ceramics 6. Arts and crafts 7. General mechanics
These activities as outlined should be used as a guide by the superintendent in making his selection for the curriculum and to aid the teacher in developing courses of study in the selected activities of which drawing and woodwork should be basic. The effectiveness of these activities will largely depend upon the ability of the teacher to recognize other projects, along with those suggested in the outline, which will satisfy the needs of the home, the school, and the community.
18

SCOPE: C H AF.T
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY \

/ WOOPWOI^K (l yy^ETALWo^K, if LLECTKICITY

(SF^APHC AI<T5

II CEKAMICS [I ARJSANP C^Ans")]GENERALflKHANics\

I Pl^AWIMG-ANP PLANNIN6-^

Handwork Ornamental Iron Elementary

Kead prints : planjobs

Concrete

Machine

Sheet metal Home appliances Elements of rnechqnical drawing brickwork

Home repair Machine shop House wiring Machine draffino

Potferu

Carpentru Fort>ine>

Communications Pattern draftin

Welding

Industrial

Architectural draffino

Art meral

Printing: block printing

Metal casting

m'l meooraphinb

job pnntinO

basketry
Weavino Leathercraff Plastics

Paintint Upholstery Glazing Harness repair Chair caning Plum bin

/ FACTORS

<^>
INFLUENCING- SELECTIONS \

Community needs Pupil needs Teacher ability Available equipment

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N=fc=H
o oo
-o o o

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J5pacfor li^jf

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5ncsy MEjAb

CoDcr^fc iJoor For for*.^ arta.
FOEfilrtG
Flat for ir&-
u

CERAMICS Jollth'rJ

^?.V,ALU INDUSTRIAL Auys LAEOEAJ-ORY
II o l 1345 Fet

20

hi><}

WoRBK^CH WITH .5T0RA6E LOCKED !(.
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Xfecosls or bolfe roatjbe. used rn plact of TOorflie. aiTcI \tnoo joints
4 f*J'coood.
ScCJIOAi A A

21

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-34-i

MECHANICAL DRAWING TA&LE

to 03
A GENERAL LABORATORY

BIBLIOGRAPHY For Teachers Books and Bulletins Course of Study in Industrial Arts for the Secondary Schools. Fresno, California:
Fresno Public Schools, O. S. Hubbard, Superintendent. Guide to Curriculum, Improvement, Bulletin No. II. Atlanta, Georgia: State
Department of Education. Hill, C. L., and Bollinger, J. W., Course of Study in Metalwork. Tulsa, Oklahoma:
Industrial Art Department, Public Schools. Industrial Arts Monograph on Laboratory of Industries. Austin, Texas: State
Department of Education, Trade and Industrial Division. Newkirk, Louis V., and Stoddard, George D., The General Shop. Peoria, Illinois:
The Manual Arts Press, 1929. $1.75. Proffitt, Maris M., Industrial Arts, Its Interpretation in the American Schools (Re-
port of a committee appointed by the Commissioner of Education.) Washington, D. C: U. S. Department of Interior, 1938. $ .15. A Proposed Industrial Art Program for Junior and Senior High Schools. College Station, Texas: Department of Industrial Education, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. Shopwork for Rural High Schools, Bulletin No. 233. Lansing, Michigan: State Board of Control for Vocational Education. Magazine Industrial Arts and Vocational Education Magazine. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $2.50 per year, twelve editions.
24

III.
DRAWING AND PLANNING
The drawing and planning activity is to serve all the activities of the laboratory as a means of developing and planning projects which are to be made in the various activities. In addition to the regular unit in drawing and planning, much informal instruction will be given in this field while teaching the other activities. It is our objective to have the drawing unit parallel that of the other units being conducted in the laboratory; to use it as a graphic means in other activities.
UNIT I: To introduce to the student the use of working drawings and their use in the various activities of the laboratory. To plan with the student the operations needed to carry a project to completion in other activities of the laboratory. This is to serve as an introduction to the General Industrial Arts Laboratory.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Reading and measuring a scale to sixteenths; common scales; simple billing; theory of a working drawing; use of a graphic language; freehand working sketches; need of procedure in working a job; order of operation of beginning projects or exercises in other activities.
TOOLS AND MATERIALS: Pencil, paper, scale or ruler, job outlines with drawing, compass.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Need of a standard mensuration; research and investigation for planning of projects in other fields or activities; units of measure; need of orderly planning in all endeavor.
SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Draw lines of given lengths; draw lines to scale; study drawings of projects to be made in other activities of the laboratory; make out simple bill of material; plan simple projects in wood, metal, electrieity, etc.
UNIT II: To make finished pencil drawings involving the use of the draftsmen's tools. To develop in the student the need of accurately drawn projects to be made.
25

LEARNING PROCESS: Use and care of drawing instruments and equipment; line alphabet; theory of orthographic projection; lettering; geometrical problems.
TOOLS AND MATERIALS: Drawing paper, pencil, scale, drawing board, 45 triangle, 30-60 triangle, eraser, T square, thumb tacks, set of instruments.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: New words to vocabulary, history of writing and lettering, application of geometric principles to all activities of the shop; kinds of paper, kinds of pencils; correct spoken English laboratory.
SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Tool exercises; lettering practices, simple objects in orthographic projection, simple projects in orthographic projection, exercises in geometrical problems. Pupil is to be stimulated by instructor to bring in sketches of articles and projects needed about the home, farm, school, and community which can be made in industrial arts laboratory.
UNIT III: To introduce to the student how to make simple sheet metal or pattern layouts by the radial and parallel line methods. This unit should work with the Metalwork unit on beginning sheet metal.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Orthographic projection; radial method of surface development; parallel line method of surface development; sections; true length line; auxiliary views.
TOOLS AND MATERIALS: See Unit 2.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Industrial processes of manufacture of kinds of sheet metal: copper, terne plate, tin plate, galvanized iron, etc. Mathematics of cylinders and circles; effect of metals on foods; selection of roofing materials.
SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Make developments of following: funnel, measuring cups of different units, fruit jar filler, flared pan, water and milk buckets, baking pan, birdhouses, bait box, flower box, nail boxes, pipe intersections, elbows, pitched covers for buckets, elliptical pan, grocer's scoop.
UNIT IV: A continuation of Unit 3 with the addition of development of simple projects by triangulation. This unit may be a continuation of Unit 3 without triangulation, depending on local conditions.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Dividing the surface of an object into a series of triangles; determine true lengths of triangle sides; orderly procedure for development.
26

TOOLS AND MATERIALS: See Unit 2.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Overview of types of workers in industry who use pattern drafting; new words to vocabulary; science used in production of sheet metal.
SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Offset funnel, gasoline cans, radiator filling can, sprinkler can, fishing tackle box, transition pieces, furnace boots, tool trays, wastepaper baskets.
UNIT V: To introduce to the student some symbols and conventions used in house planning; to stimulate for the improvement of the living conditions of rural Georgia. It is desirable to use this along with wood industries unit on elementary carpentry.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Developing a simple floor plan; symbols and conventions; theory of orthographic projection as used in building plans; developing an elevation.
TOOLS AND MATERIAL-. See Unit 2.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Sizes and shapes of rooms; door and window sizes; need of symbols and conventions; new words; write letters for trade information; sizes of common building materials; kinds and uses of outside paint.
SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Make a set of drawings for the following: garage, barn, scout shack, small store, poultry house, tool house, dog kennel, farm shop, filling station, smokehouse, tobacco barn, sanitary privy, fishing shack, etc.
UNIT VI: The preceding units are suggestive. The material presented in drawing and planning unit will largely be determined by the other activities offered in the laboratory. The content of the laboratory should be so plastic as to reach interest of all; drawing often serves as an excellent means.
A suggested list of fields from which units in drawing may be taken to fit in with other activities of the laboratory, and to serve as units of work for advance pupils whose interest lies in the field of drawing:
1. Continuation of work covered or introduced a. Various types of working drawings b. Sheet metal or pattern drafting c. House planning and building construction
2. Machine drafting 3. Freehand drawing
27

4. Charts and graphs

5. Plumbing diagrams

6. Electrical diagrams

7. Furniture and cabinet making

8. Rendering

12. Blueprinting and tracing

9. Topographical

13. Marine

10. House models

14. Aeronautical

11. Structural

15. Commercial art a. Show cards b. Cartooning c. Illustrating

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL
8" 30-60 triangle Triangular boxwood scale 2H Drawing pencil
*Stools

UNIT COST

NUMBER NEEDED

MINIMUM COST

AVERAGE COST

MAXIMUM COST

$.15

6

.15

6

.30

6

.25.50.70

6

.05

6

.05

6

.55

6

.15

6

8.00 12.50 6

$.90 .90
1.80 1.50
.30 .30
.90

$.90 .90
1.80 3.00
.30 .30 3.30

$.90 .90
1.80 4.20
.30 .30 3.30

51.00 75.00

$6.60 $61.50 $86.70
*Suitable drawing tables and stools, also drawing aoards, m<ly be ma de in the laboratory by the instructor or b y advanced pupils un ier his sup ervision.

For Students

] 3IBLIOGR. ^PHY

Abercrombie, T. R., Applied An hitectural D rawing. VIilwauke(:, Wiscon sin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1931. $ 1.75.
An excellent book for tho.se students nterested in house planning, May be used by the students for textb<)oks or as a reference by the te icher or i istructor.

28

Bennett, Charles A., Beginning Problems in Mechanical Drawing. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $.48. For lower secondary level. Lettering, use of tee square, triangle, and compass; working drawings.
Bush, C. V., and Townsley, E. D., Problems in Architectural Drawing. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1925. $.88. A book designed for the beginning student in architectural drawing and presupposing a knowledge of elementary mechanical drawing.
Diamond, T. A., A Primer of Blue-Print Reading. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1936. $.48. The purpose is to provide a drill in the reading of working drawings, and is not a textbook for drawing.
Ermeling, W. W., Fischer, Ferdinand, A. P., and Greene, George G., Mechanical Drawing, Second Year. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1928. $.60.
This book provides problems of the type generally given in a second year course of mechanical drawing, together with the information necessary for their correct solution.
Field, W. B., An Introduction to Architectural Drawing. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. $2.50. For beginning students of architecture. Instruments, symbols, plans, elevations, sections, and working drawings are described and illustrated.
Fischer, Ferdinand, A. P., and Greene, George G., Rational Mechanical Drawing (Revised Edition). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1937. Part I, $.48; Part II, $.36. A book of instruction on the use of instruments. Part I is to be used along with Part II, which is a book of detachable lettering sheets and tests. Part I is a book for beginners in mechanical drawing, with work divided by semesters. Much material contained can be adapted to use in an industrial arts laboratory.
French, T. E., and Svensen, Carl L., Mechanical Drawing for High Schools. New York:' McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1934. $1.50. An excellent textbook with problems. Text material and problems arranged in chapters and sections.
Hoelscher, R. P., and Mays, A. B., Basic Units in Mechanical Drafting. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Two Volumes; each $1.60.
Book I--Part I: Instruments and their use, lettering, working drawings, freehand and mechanical sketching, tracing and blueprinting. Part II: Amplifies principles and practices of Part I. Each volume consists of thirty-four units of study containing general instructions, questions, and problems.
McGee, R. A., and Sturtevant, W. W., General Mechanical Drawing. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1935. $1.48.
Adopted by the State Department of Education, and is available to all public schools of Georgia.
29

A general textbook for mechanical drawing, written for students of lower secondary level, preferably the ninth grade. Roberts, William E., Beginning Mechanical Drawing Units. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $.88.
How to use tools; geometrical figures; directions for making views and working drawings for a large number of simple articles. Shaeffer, G. N., Introductory Mechanical Drawing Problems. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1932. $.28.
A mechanical drawing problem book prepared for use in the junior high schools of Atlanta, Georgia, supplying the student with a collection of progressive problems embodying the fundamentals of mechanical drawing. For Teachers Givens, Harrison C., Reading House Plans. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1928. $1.50.
A book prepared to serve those employed in building construction. Will be of aid in strengthening instructor in his ability to read drawings. Kepler, Frank R., Mechanical Drafting Handbook (Revised and Enlarged Edition). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1937. $.60.
A handbook for students and draftsmen containing a brief collection of usage, standards, conventions, and tables based upon the best modern practice. Martin, H. C, Show Card Layouts. Cincinnati, Ohio: Sign of the Times, 1930.
An excellent book to have as a reference where any type of sign work is being done. Some departments of schools are always wanting signs or cards made. This is a ready reference of 1,000 illustrations. Matasek, Ray J., Commercial Art and Design. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1931. $3.00.
For beginners in the field of commercial art, touches on important phases of the field.
30

DRAWING AND PLANNING USING
REFERENCE BOOKS
31

IV.
WOODWORK
HAND WOODWORK
UNIT I: The construction of simple projects using lumber to a large extent as it comes from the lumberyard or other materials salvaged from boxes or crates or other sources. Painting with oil paints.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Measuring, sawing, nailing, fastening with screws, planing an edge, and painting.
TOOLS: Rule, try square, crosscut saw, ripsaw, jack plane, screw driver, putty knife, hammer and paintbrush.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: HOW lumber is manufactured, how lumber is graded, commercial sizes of lumber, kinds of lumber best suited to specific jobs, geographic location of trees from which lumber is made in the United States; kinds and sizes of nails, kinds and sizes of screws, proper care of tools; sources of linseed oil, turpentine, and pigments used in paints, why paint is used, care of paintbrushes.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Flower box, feed trough, bench, birdhouse, milk stool, garden seat, lawn chair, a nail box, rose trellis, workbench.
UNIT II: The construction of projects requiring stock which is worked to definite dimensions and employing more complicated joinery. The applying of a stain, varnish, and enamel.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Measuring, sawing, nailing, fastening with screws, planing sides, planing edges, planing ends, laying out and executing necessary joinery, chiseling, scraping, sanding, boring, countersinking, gluing, and applying stain, filler, varnish and enamel.
TOOLS : Rule, crosscut saw, ripsaw, backsaw, hammer, screw driver, jack plane, try square, chisel, scraper, bit brace, auger bit, countersink bit, sandpaper, glue brush, gauge, paint and varnish brushes.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: The proper angle to grind edged tools, how to whet edged tools; the sources of materials
32

used in making sandpaper, grades of sandpaper; sizes of auger bits and how designated; kinds of stain, kinds of varnishes, the sources of the gums and oils used in making varnish, the effect chemistry has had in the making of enamels; occupational information of those who work in wood: carpenter, planing mill operator, cabinetmakers, patternmakers, forester.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Bookshelves, serving tray, kitchen stool, cook table, foot stool, end table, smoking stand, towel holder, corner shelf, costumer, radio cabinet.
UNIT III: The construction of projects that require the stock to be shaped or formed.
LEARNING PROCESSES : Measuring, sawing, planing, shaping, scraping, sanding, laying out curved and irregular shapes, assembling, finishing.
TOOLS: Rule, saws, square, spokeshave, drawknife, coping saw, turning saw, scraper, plane, chisel, rasp.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION : How to lay out a round or elliptical shape from a quadrilateral; strength of materials; forest products; wood substitutes; how mouldings are made; kinds of glue, sources of glue materials.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Hammer handle, axe handle, curtain rod, singletree, coat hanger, projects with parts curved or shaped, magazine holder and end table, corner shelves.

UNIT I:

HOME REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE

LEARNING PROCESSES : Replacing a weight cord in window, screening windows and doors, repairing a leaky roof, mending a door lock, replacing floor boards in porch floor, putting up shelving, refinishing furniture, outside painting, replace broken window glass, frame a picture, refinishing floor.
TOOLS: Woodworking tools, putty knife, glass cutter, snips.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: The action of paint remover on paint, climatic conditions effecting paint, estimating the cost of paint; kinds of roofing materials and their relative values; glass and its uses.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Have the pupil do as many of the learning processes at home or in the school as possible.

33

MACHINE WOODWORK
UNIT I: The operation and maintenance of basic woodworking machines.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Getting out stock to rough sizes, cutting stock to dimension, making dado, mortise and tenon, miter, tongue and groove and other required joints necessary in the construction of projects, scraping, sanding, assembling, and finishing.
TOOLS: Power saw, jointer, drill press.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Making a bill of material, computing lumber quantities, correct cutting speeds of power machines, safety measures, strength of materials, mass production.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Any project which is of use to the student or school, tables, picture frame, stool, bench, box, wall shelf, smoking stand, lamp, costumer, book ends, etc.
UNIT II: A continuance of Unit I with the construction of doors, panels, and drawers. Shaping, forming, and turning.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Review learning processes of Unit V. Cutting grooves, raising panels, using moldings, cutting curves, employing turned parts.
TOOLS: Same as in Unit I of Machine Woodwork and band saw, turning lathe; where funds are available it is desirable to have a surfacer, mortiser, and jig saw, and numerous attachments to use with the machines.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: The use of veneer and plywood in furniture and cabinet construction, how veneer is made, cabinet hardware, design.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Chest, bookcase, medicine cabinet, shoeshine cabinet, or any useful project which will carry out the learning processes.
CARPENTRY
UNIT I: The construction of buildings employing corner post and purlin frame structure with vertical siding and simple roof.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Laying out building, putting up batter boards, placing foundation, sill construction, getting out corner post, purlins, plates, and rafters and erecting same; putting on siding vertically; roofing, sheathing, shingling or placing other roofing materials; painting.
34

TOOLS: Crosscut saw, ripsaw, claw hammer, tapeline, level, chop hatchet, axe, chalk line, carpenter's square, brace and auger bits, wrecking bar, plumb bob.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Kinds of lumber to be used in the building; estimating quantities of material necessary; location of the building according to its use and to the relation to other buildings; kinds of paint to be used.
SELECTED PROJECTS: Stockhouse, poultry house, garage, shop, tool house, small barn.
UNIT II: The regular type construction of buildings employing half and balloon framing with more complicated roof lines.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Laying out building, putting up batter boards, placing foundations; sill construction; placing floor joists; subflooring, erecting studs and plates, framing openings, placing overhead joists; storm sheathing; rafter cutting and placing; roofing; setting door and window frames; siding; setting grounds for plaster; laying finish floor; hanging doors and windors; interior trim; exterior and interior painting.
TOOLS: Same as in Unit I of Carpentry with the addition of bevel square, block plane, coping saw, drawknife, set chisels, jack plane, keyhole saw, adze, miter box, screw driver.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Kinds of lumber best adapted to home building, estimating quantities of lumber; location of dwelling; kind of paint to use; roofing materials; arrangement of rooms for ventilation, light, and convenience; planning the kitchen to save time and labor; the application of geometrical principles in bracing and roof framing; insulation and air conditioning; uses of electricity in the home; uses of running water and sewerage disposal in the home.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Cottage, bungalow, playhouse, model house.

UNIT I:

UPHOLSTERY

LEARNING PROCESSES: TO upholster using: board structure, open frame with webbing, open frame with springs, spring-filled cushion, spring edge.

TOOLS: See page 40 for cost of tools and equipment and page 91 for sources of materials and tools.

35

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION :

1. Webbing a. Grades
2. Springs a. Cushion seat b. Units c. Plain single c. Bar springs
3. Twine a. Tying b. Sewing
4. Cover for springs
5. Thread
6. Padding a. Cotton (1) Source (2) Felting (3) Sheet (4) Uses
b. Excelsior (1) Manufacture (2) Use
c. Tow (1) Source (2) Use
d. Kapok (1) Source (2) Use

6 Padding--Continued
e. Moss (1) Source (2) Use (3) Treatment
f. Hair (1) Source (2) Use
7. Dust covers a. Sateens b. Any closely woven cloth
8. Covering for padding a. Mattress ticking b. Canvass ticking c. Heavy muslin
9. Gimp brad a. Leather (1) Real (2) Imitation b. Silk (1) Real (2) Artificial
10. Tacks a. Assorted as used in upholstering
11. Nails a. Styled for upholsterer' use
12. Terminology

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Footstool, leg rest, chair seat, overstuffed furniture, davenport cushion.
For bibliography see page 93.

36

COST OF HAND WOODWORK TOOLS I. HAND TOOLS REQUIRED FOR UNIT I.

TOOL

INDIVIDUAL
COST

MINI-
No, MUM
COST

AVER-
No, AGE
COST

MAXI-
No. MUM
COST

Scratch awls Bits, auger, Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Irwin Per Set Bits, gimlet No. 5 Bits, gimlet, No. 6 Bits, gimlet, No. 7 Bit gauge, Stanley No. 49... Braces, Stanley No. 919, 10" sweep Brushes, paint -- Purchase locally as needed Brushes, bench Files, 6" extra slim taper triangular Files, 10" mill Hammers, claw, 16 oz Hammers, claw, 13 oz Jack planes, Stanley No. 5. . Putty knives Rules Stanley No. 34}^ V... Saws, crosscut, Disston No. D-8, 22", 10 pt Saws, rip, Disston No. D-8, 22", 7pt Squares, carpenters', Stanley No. 100 N Squares, try, Stanley No. 12, 6" Vises, bench

$ .30
5.00 .10 .10 .10 .84
5.25
.30
.17 .32 1.80 1.75 4.60 .10 .60
2.80
2.80
2.50
.80 3.50

5.00 .10 .10 .10
5.25
.90
.34 .64 3.60
9.20 .10
3.60
2.80
2.80
2.50
1.60 14.00

.60

$ .90

5.00 .20 .20 .20 .84
5.25

5.00 .20 .20 .20 .84
5.25

1.80

1.80

1.02 12 1.28 6 3.60 2 1.75 2 18.40 6
.20 2 3.60

2.04 1.92 3.60 1.75 27.60
.20 3.60

5.60

5.60

5.60

5.60

5.00

5.00

3.20 21.00

4.80 21.00

Total for 6 pupils

$52.63

SS4.34

$97.10

37

II. HAND TOOLS REQUIRED FOR UNIT II, IN ADDITION TO THOSE SPECIFIED FOR UNIT I.

TOOL

INDIVIDUAL
COST

MINI-
No. MUM
COST

AVER-
No. AGE
COST

MAXI-
No. MUM
COST

Bit, 3" expansion, Irwin No. 2
Chisels, %", Stanley No. 720 Chisels, Y2", Stanley No. 720 Chisels, Yi", Stanley No. 720 Clamps, "C" Clamps, steel bar Files, auger bit Dividers, spring nut, 10".... Gauges, marking Mallets, wooden--to be made
in shop Planes, block Planes, smooth Saws, back Saws, miter box Saw set, Disston No. 28... . Scraper, cabinet Scraper burnisher Nail sets

1.35 1.05
.80 .80 1.25 3.00 .24 .75 1.00
2.00 4.50 2.00 15.40 1.51 3.15
.11

I 1.35 1.05 .80 .80 5.00
12.00 .48 .75
1.00
4.00
1.51 3.15
.33

K 1.35 1 $ 1.35

2.10 2 2.10

1.60 2 1.60

.80 1

.80

10.00 12 15.00

24.00 12 36.00

.96 4

.96

1.50 2 1.50

2.00 3 3.00

2.00 00
1.51 3.15
.33

4.00 4.50 12.00 15.40 1.51 6.30
.33

Total for 6 pupils

$32.22

$59.30

$106.35

HI. ADDITIONAL HAND TOOLS REQUIRED FOR UNIT III.

TOOL

INDIVIDUAL
COST

MINI-
No, MUM
COST

AVER-
No. AGE
COST

MAXI-
No, MUM
COST

Drawknif e Files, half round cabinet
wood Rasps, half round cabinet.. . Saws, coping Saws, turning Saws, keyhole, Disston No.
15 Spokeshaves, Stanley No. 64.

$ 1.33
.94 1.14
.75 1.75
.51 .35

.94 1.14
.75 1.75
.51 .35

$1.33
1.88 2.28 1.50 3.50
.51 .70

1.33
2.82 2.28 2.25 3.50
,02 05

Total for 6 pupils

$ 5.44

$11.70

$14.25

38

ADDITIONAL TOOLS REQUIRED FOR HOME REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE

Bits, drill Hand drill Glass cutters Plumb bob Tin snips Wrecking bar Level Axe
Total for 6 pupils

To be selected $ 2.50 10 50 2.00 50 2.50 1.50
$ 9.60

COST OF WOODWORKING MACHINES

MINIMUM EQUIPMENT:

One 8-inch circular saw with necessary equipment for crosscutting and

ripping stock 2" thick and 12" wide driven by one-half H. P. motor and V

belt

$66.50

One 6" jointer with Yi" x 6" capacity with set of three high-speed steel

knives, tilting fence, without stand, with necessary V pulleys and motor and

belt

$71.00

One bench drill press, takes drills up to Yi." diameter, drills to center of 11"

circle, with drill chuck, mortise attachment, with necessary V belt and pulleys

and motor

$46.70

One high-speed power grinder, one coarse stone and second one fine.

Direct drive

$35.00

AVERAGE EQUIPMENT:

Same as minimum equipment and:

One band saw, 14" for woodworking with necessary V belts and pulleys,

belt guard, stand, and motor

$86.70

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT:

Same as average equipment and:

One surfacer with capacity of 3" x 12" with round head fitted with three

high-speed steel knives, head direct motor driven, feed rolls direct motor

driven, switches mounted on machine

$450.00

One lathe with 11" swing 36" between centers with necessary centers and

tool rests, with V belt and pulleys and motor

$75.00

One hand sander belt type with dust collector attached and 10-foot cable

with switch mounted on machine

$125.00

39

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR UPHOLSTERY

TOOL
HAMMERS
Magnetic tack Plain
WEBBING STRETCHERS
SHEARS OR SCISSORS
Length of cut 6" large, heavy type Length of cut 3 " small or medium type
NEEDLES
Regulators--Assortment Straight double point--Assortment Curved--Assortment Pins--Gross 3"
KNIVES
Blunt blade Curved blade Hooked blade

COST PER NO. MINIMUM

UNIT

COST

$1.40 87

2 $2.80

1

.87

To be made in school shop

2.25 1.30

1

2.25

1

1.30

3.60 doz. 1.80 doz. 1.35 doz. 1.35 gross

3.60 1.80 1.35 1.35

.19 each

. 19

.20 each

.20

.19 each

. 19

Total for 6 pupils

$15.90

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brown, A. G., and Tustison, F. E., Instructional Units in Hand Woodwork. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.48.
Fryklund, V. C, and LaBerge, A. J., General Shop Woodworking. Bloomington, Illinois: McKnight & McKnight. $ .72.
Griffith, Ira S., Carpentry (Revised). Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press $1.50.
Griffith, Ira S., and Cox, George B., Essentials of Woodworking (Revised). Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.36.
Hjorth, Herman, Principles of Woodworking. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.76.
, Basic Woodworking Processes. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.64.
McGee, R. A., and Brown, A. G., Instructional Units in Wood Finishing. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.60.
Reid, John F., and Higgins, Gordon H., Fundamentals of Woodworking Trades. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. $2.75.
Shea, John G., and Wenger, Paul N., Colonial Furniture. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $3.50.
Worst, Edward F., More Problems in Woodwork. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $3.00.
40

WELL-ORGANIZED TOOL RACKS 41

V.
METALWORK
BENCH METAL UNIT I: LEARNING PROCESSES: Measure layout, plan procedure, sawing, drilling, shear cutting, fastening, form shaping, bending, filing, riveting, heat coloring, polishing, grinding, finishing.
TOOLS: Files, ball-peen hammer, taps and dies, hand drill, bending forks, hack saw, miter square, scratch awl, pliers, steel drills, cold chisel, rivet set, center punch.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Methods of refining steel; sources of iron in America; conserving our natural resources; influence of automobile on manufacturing of steel; alloys.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Flower pot bracket, garden trowel, wall bracket, candle holder, fern stand, table lamp, magazine rack, drapery bracket, scriber.
UNIT II: LEARNING PROCESSES: Continuation of those in Unit I; shear cutting, feathering, peening, chipping, twisting, thread tapping, soldering.
TOOLS: Same as above; snips, monkey wrench, coppers, rivet set, countersink.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Fluxes; kinds of steel* forms of metal; kinds of rivets; steel and wire sizes; drills, kind and uses; solder, kinds and uses.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Hammer, screw driver, soldering copper hacksaw frame, bevel, table lamp, floor lamp, hanging lamps, wrenches!
42

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL

MINIMUM AVERAGE MAXIMUM

COST

COST

COST

2 doz. Starrett hacksaw blades, 18 teeth 10" 1
Stanley 12 oz cross-peen hammer @ .95 Metal countersink for drill press Yi" cut @
60 %" cold chisel @ .46 H" cold chisel @ 38 Y2" cold chisel @ .26 10" Pexto monkey wrench @ .97 2 No. 11 10" Atkins hacksaw frame, non-
breakable pistol grip @ .90 No. G750 Driver motor grinder, }4 H. P. ball
bearing 3450 RPM, 110 volt, 60 cycle, as motor with switch and attachment cord,

1.00
.46 .26 .97 1.80

One set standard carbon steel machine drills straight shank, sizes yi" to H" bY 32nds of
One No. 61 Atlas bench drill press with l/l6" to H" Jacobs chuck, and No. 2480 X H. P. Atlas ball bearing motor, 110 volt, 60 cycle, with four step pulley to motor. V-belt,

2.85

Pint capacity copper squirt can @ .20 No. 6090 12 oz. Kelly ball-peen hammers @ .55 No. 6091 20 oz. Kelly ball-peen hammers @ .62 4" knurled center punches @ .16
No. 603 Columbian machinist vises, 3" jaws,

.20 2.20
.32 .20
16.00

1 1.00 .95 .60 .46 .38 .26 .97
2.70
27.00
2.85
48.00 .40
3.30 .62 .64 .40
32.00

$ 1.00 .95 .60 .46 .38 .26 .97
3.60
27.00
2.85
48.00 .80
3.30 1.24
.96 .60 48.00

$ 26.26 $122.53 $140.97

BIBLIOGRAPHY For Students Bollinger, J. W., Elementary Wrought Iron. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce
Publishing Co., 1930. $1.32. Written for a shop layout which may be termed a general m(;tal shop, in
which one or more metalworking activities are represeiited. Some of material presented deals with strictly bench metal. Dragoo, A. W., and Dragoo, K. L., General Shop Metal tt'ork. Bloorilington, Illinois: McKnight & McKnight, 1936. $ .60.
43

A book on general metalwork containing one division on bench metal, with well-designed projects.
Jones, Harry A., Metal Work. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1937. $1.00. A book suitable for junior high level bench metalwork, giving the pupil wide range of typical experiences.
Tustison, F. E., and Kranzusch, Ray F., Metalwork Essentials. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1936. $1.50. The aim of this book is to present general information, particularly those in cutting, forming, fastening, and finishing the common metals.
For Teachers
Hill, C. L., and Bollinger, J. W., Course of Study in Metalwork. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Industrial Arts Department, Public Schools. An excellent outline of general metalwork on the junior high school level.
Hobbs, Douglas B., Aluminum. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1938. $3.00. A book containing the history, metallurgy, and uses of aluminum, with projects for the school and home shop.
Petersen, L. C, 101 Metal-Working Projects. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1929. $2.00. Projects which may be used in metalwork course.

UNIT I:
LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Cut 2. Layout 3. Solder 4. Form by hand 5. Tin copper 6. Rivet 7. Punch 8. Hem
a. Single b. Double 9. Grooving by hand 10. Assembly 11. Burr a. Machine

SHEET METAL
12. Wire a. Machine (1) Make groove for (2) Setting down
13. Folding 14. Double seam 15. Setting down 16. Folding edge 17. Flanging 18. Bead 19. Parallel development 20. Radial development 21. Seam
a. Lock b. Double
44

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Tin plate a. Source b. Manufacture (1) Coke (2) Charcoal c. Uses
2. Copper a. Source b. Manufacture c. Uses
3. Pattern drafting a. Parallel development b. Radial development
4. Fluxes a. Kinds (1) Rosin (2) Borax (3) Cut acid (4) Sal ammoniac (5) Muriatic acid b. Uses c. Need
5. Sal ammoniac a. Source b. Use (1) Flux (2) Clean (3) Tin
6. Rivets a. Size (1) Weight b. Kind

7. Wire a. Size (1) U. S. wire gauge b. Kind
8. Solder a. Manufacture b. Kinds c. Uses
9. Hammers a. Kinds (1) Uses
10. Snips a. Kinds (1) Uses
11. Coppers a. Kinds (1) Uses
12. Punches a. Kinds (1) Uses
13. Safety a. Cut b. Burns c. Capacity of machine d. Fire hazard
14. Finishing a. Kinds (1) Various metals b. Why
15. Design

SUGGESTED PROJECTS:
1. Exercise in soldering 2. Exercise in lock seam jointing 3. Rectangular scoop 4. Funnel 5. Match box 6. Dustpan 7. Quart measure dry

8. Exercise in riveting 9. Rectangular box (single hem
edge folded corners) 10. Cooky cutter 11. Cylinder cup 12. Pint measure liquid 13. Pail (seashore bucket)

45

UNIT II:

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Cut 2. Layout 3. Solder 4. Form
a. Hand b. Machine 5. Tin coppers 6. Rivet 7. Punch 8. Hem a. Single b. Double 9. Groove a. Hand b. Machine 10. Assemble 11. Burr 12. Swag a. Hand b. Machine 13. Wire a. Hand b. Machine

14. Turn 15. Bead 16. Crimp 17. Slit 18. Raise 19. Hinge 20. Elbow edge 21. Set down 22. Circular-cut 23. Fold
a. Edge b. Seam 24. Flange
25. Seam a. Hand b. Machine
26. Radial development 27. Simple triangulation 28. Parallel development 29. Brake

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Black iron a. Sources b. Uses
2. Galvanized iron a. Source b. Manufacture c. Uses
3. Zinc a. Source b. Uses
4. Pattern drafting a. Parallel b. Radial

4. Pattern drafting--Continued c. Triangulation d. Working knowledge of drawing
5. Bar fold a. Types
6. Former a. Types
7. Miscellaneous supplies a. Bolts b. Kettle bars c. Can screw (1) Conical (2) Flat

46

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:--Continued

7. Miscellaneous supplies--Cont'd. 9. Design

d. Kettle knob

10. Brake

e. Handles for pails

a. Types

f. Sprinkler heads

11. Industry

Sa'fety

a. Work

a. Cuts

(1) Kind

b. Burns

(2) Conditions

c. Capacity of machines

(3) Advancement

d. Fire hazard

b. Salary

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Intersecting pipe, elbow joint, square to round transition piece, box with hinge top, container cover with pitch, toolbox, quart measure with funnel, tin pail.

47

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL
Improvised stakes Pipe Railroad rail Angle iron
Riveting hammer Setting hammer Pliers, side cutting Solid punches No. 4 Solid punches No. 8 Rivet sets No. 6 Rivet sets No. 8 Hand grooving tool No. 4. Soldering coppers 3 lbs. . . Wing dividers 10" Cold chisels -H" Tin snips 3 " cut, Wiss.... Hawks bill snips Pexto No. 23. Machinists vise 4J/" x 6J4".. Combination machine Pexto No. 1544. Blow horn stake Bevel edge square stake Beak horn stake Candle mold stake Hollow mandrel stake Wire gauge U. S. standard Bar fold Pexto No. 25 Slip roll former Heating unit
Charcoal pot Blowtorch Gas furnace Electric soldering Copper Scratch awl Ice pick Mallet To be made in shop
Total for 6 pupils.

UNIT COST

MINIMUM COST

AVERAGE COST

MAXIMUM COST

i .80 .90 .60 .15 .15 .35 .50 .75
1.50 1.35
.25 1.91 3.07 11.00 29.50 13.00 9.00 21.00 8.00 10.00 3.00 70.00 36.00

i 1.60 1.80 .60 .15 .15 .35 .50 .75 1.50 1.35 .25 3.82 3.07
11.00 29.50

5 3.20 3.60 1.20 .30 .30 .70 1.00 1.50 3.00 2.70 .50 7.64 3.07
22.00 29.50 13.00
8.00 10.00

4.80 5.40 1.20
.60 .60 .70 .00 .25 .00 .70 .50 7.64 3.07 33.00 29.50 13.00 9.00 21.00 8.00 10.00 3.00 70.00 36.00

$56.39 111.21 $265.96

48

For Students

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bollinger, J. W., Course in Sheet Metal Work. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $ .88.

Dragoo, A. W., and Dragoo, K. L., General Shop Metal Work. Bloomington, Illinois: McKnight & McKnight. $ .65.

For Teachers
Bollinger, J. W., Course in Sheet Metal Work. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $ . 88.
Daugherty, James S., Sheet Metal Pattern Drafting and Shop Problems. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.76.
Dragoo, A. W., and Dragoo, K. L., General Shop Metal Work. Bloomington, Illinois: McKnight & McKnight. $ .65.
Kittredge, George, and Others, New Metal Worker Pattern Book. 15 E. Twentysixth St., New York: Scientific Book Corporation. $6.00.
Lukowitz, Joseph J., 55 New Tin-Can Projects. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.25.
Reeves, J. S., Wrought Pewter Work. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .40.
Trew, Marion D., and Bird, Verne A., Sheet-Metal Work. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ . 64.
Welch, R. L., Elements of Sheet Metal Work. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.10.
Willoughby, George A., and Chamberlain, Duane G., General Shop Handbook. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.00.

FORGING
UNIT I: What can be done with iron and steel by heating and forming.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Building a forge fire, heating, drawing, upsetting, bending, twisting, punching, riveting, forming.
TOOLS: Forge, hammer, tongs, anvil, vise, punch. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Fuels used in forging, how iron ore is mined, the refining of iron ore, how steel is manufactured, the contribution of iron and steel to civilization. SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Staple, gate hook, hasp, meathook, strap bolt, gate hinge, eyebolt, fire poker, clevis.
49

UNIT II: A continuation of Unit I and what can be done with iron and steel by heat treatment.
LEARNING PROCESSES: Same as in Unit I and welding, annealing, hardening, tempering, and case hardening.
TOOLS: Forge, hammer, tongs, anvil, vise, punch, quenching vat.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION : The effect of heat upon carbon steel, alloy steels used in industry, the use of steel in tool making, simple tests to distinguish iron and steel.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Forge tongs, punch, cold chisel, woodworkers chisel, hammer, chain, bolt, chain hook, wrecking bar, forge tools, fittings for singletree or neckyoke, plowpoint.

COST OF FORGE TOOLS

TOOL

No. MINIMUM No.
COST

AVERAGE COST

No. MAXIMUM
COST

Portable forge 100 pound anvil Cross-peen hammer
32 ounce Ball-peen hammer
20 ounce Blacksmith tongs
straight lip curved lip
Punch Yi," face Punch Yi" face

1 $ 16.00

2

28.00

1

.75

1

.75

2

2.00

2

2.20

1

.90

1

1.25

1

1.25

2 $ 32.00

4

57.40

2

1.50

2

1.50

4

4.00

4

4.40

2

1.80

1

1.25

1

1.25

3 $ 48.00

6

86.10

6

4.50

6

4.50

6

6.00

6

6.60

6

5 40

1

1.25

1

1.25

Total for 6 pupils. . .

$ 53.10

$ 105.10

$ 163.60

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Crawshaw, Fred D., and Lehmann, E. W., Farm Mechanics. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.00.
Harcourt, Robert H., Elementary Forge Practice. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.50.
Selvidge, R. W., and Allton, J. M., Blacksmithing. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.00.
50

UNIT I:
LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Pattern a. Draw
2. Design a. Select b. Interpret c. Transfer
3. Layout a. Body b. Parts c. Design
4. Cut a. Body b. Parts
5. Design a. Workout
6. Bends 7. Scrolls 8. Twists 9. Joints 10. Assemble 11. Holes
a. Punch b. Drill 12. Solder a. Soldering copper
(1) Tin

ART METAL
12. Solder--Continued b. Alcohol torch c. Blown flame
13. Dress edges a. Emery wheel b. File (1) Coarse (2) Fine
14. Spin 15. Anneal 16. Etch 17. Shrink 18. Emboss 19. Rivet 20. Stretch 21. Shape 22. Chase 23. Flute 24. Neck
a. In b. Out 25. Pickling solutions 26. Buff 27. Polish 28. Finish 29. Incise 30. Form

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION :

1. Copper a. Source b. Use
2. Brass a. Source b. Use
3. Sheet iron a. Source b. Use

4. Aluminum a. Source b. Use
5. Pewter a. Source b. Use
6. Alloys 7. Iron

51

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:--Continued

7. Iron--Continued a. Cold roll (1) Bars (2) Rounds
8. Pickling baths a. Type of solution (1) Aluminum (2) Copper (3) Brass (4) Iron b. Construction
9. Etching a. Acid (1) Sulphuric (2) Nitric
10. Annealing a. Copper b. Brass c. Aluminum
11. Cleaning scale a. Copper (1) Pickling bath (2) Distilled water b. Brass (1) Pickling bath (2) Distilled water c. Sheet iron d. Aluminum
12. Asphaltum a. Etching
13. Paraffin a. Etching
14. Finishing a. Copper (1) Antique (2) Lacquer (3) Highlight b. Brass (1) Antique (2) Lacquer (3) High light

14. Finishing--Continued c. Sheet iron (1) Enamel (2) Flat d. Aluminum (1) Polish (2) Lacquer
15. Soldering a. Copper b. Brass c. Sheet iron d. Aluminum e. Pewter
16. Types of solder a. Per cent of tin-lead (1) Hard (2) 50-50 (3) Soft
17. Decorate a. Overlay b. Surface (1) Designs (2) Incising (3) Embossing
18. Shrinking 19. Expanding 20. Chemicals
a. Safety features b. Nitric c. Sulphuric d. Liver of sulphur
21. Riveting a. Sizes b. Kinds (1) Copper (2) Brass (3) Aluminum (4) Tinned (5) Black iron c. Flathead d. Ovalhead
52

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:--Continued

22. Spinning a. Type (1) Copper (2) Pewter b. Handling of tools c. Setup in lathe
23. Bend jigs a. Scroll (1) Factory made from (2) Starting jig (3) Assorted styles

23. Bend jigs--Continued (4) Improvised
b. Forks and bend lever c. Scroll forming jig d. Flattening or straightening 24. Terminology 25. Joints a. Rivet b. Solder c. Sweat (lap) d. Seam

SUGGESTED PROJECTS : Roll blotter holders, paper knives, candlestick scroll design, candle scones, flower pot standards, candlestick-- straight design, stationery holder, bowls, dishes, ash trays, wall lamps, bud vases, trays, Paul Revere lanterns.
COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL

UNIT COST

MINI-
No. MUM
COST

AVER-
No, AGE
COST

MAXI-
No. MUM
COST

Twist drills y I", 3/16", W high-speed.
1 set l/l6" to H" by 32nd. Hand drill Breast drill Drill press Jewelers' saw Jewelers' saw blades, doz . Files, needle, per set Snips, right-hand 3 " cut. Snips, Trojan pocket. . . . Snips, left-hand 3 " cut.. Vises, machinist 3 " x i}4," Dividers, 10" Punches, center Punches, prick Punches, solid No. 9 Punches, hollow Yi", %"
cost of both Monkey wrench 12" Cold chisel 5/8" Mallets, made in woodshop

.40 4.40 1.25 4.95 42.50
20 15 50 91 84 ,91 00 75 10 18 20
2.30 1.23
.44

% 1.20

set % 4.40 set $ 4.40 1.25

1 4.95

1.20 .15
1.91 .84
9.00 .75 .10 .18 .20

2.40 .15
3.50 3.82
.84 1.91 18.00 1.50
.10 .36 .40

42.50 2.40 .15 3.50 3.82 .84 1.91 18.00 1.50 .10 .36 .40

2.30

1.23

1.23

1.23

.44

53

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT--Continued

TOOL

UNIT COST

MINI-
No. MUM
COST

AVER-

MAXI-

No. AGE No. MUM

COST

COST

Hand seamer 9/32"

.90 1

.90 1

.90 1

.90

Forming blocks, selection to

Scroll equipment Standard frame to be

3.50

3 1.20 6 2.40 1 3.50 1 3.50

Stakes, riveting to be made 10.00

Hammers

.60 1

.95 1 1.75

1.75

2.50

Tongs, annealing Soldering coppers

2.00 1 .50

Regular slip joint Buffer

.53 1 .77 1 .33 1 15.00 95.00

.60 2 .95 2
2.00 1
1 .53 1 .77 1 .33 1

1 10.00

1.20 2 1.90 2
1 1 1 2.00 1

1.20 1.90 1.75 1.75 2.50 2.00

.50 1

.50

.53 1

.53

.77 1

.77

.33 1

.33

1 15.00

95.00

S 24.53

$ 57.27

$224.32

Heating units (those generally found in shop)

BIBLIOGRAPHY For Students Dragoo, A. W., and Dragoo, K. L., General Shop Metal Work. Bloomington, Illinois:
Mcknight & McKnight. $ . 60. Lubowitz, Joseph J., Interesting Art-Metal Work. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The
Bruce Publishing Co. $ .50.
Rose Augustus F., Copper Work. 37 Aborn St., Providence, Rhode Island: Metal Crafts Publishing Co., 1931. $3.50.
Tustison F. E., and Kranzusch, R. F., Metalwork Essentials. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.50.
54

For Teachers
Adams, John D., Metal Work and Etching. 200 E. Ontario St., Chicago, Illinois: Popular Mechanics Press, 1935. $1.00.
Bick, A. F., Artistic Metalwork. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co.
Butler, John B., Job Sheets for Problems in Metalwork. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .76.
Cuzner, Bernard, Decorative Metal Overlay. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.25.
Giachino, J. W., Bench Metalwork. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .56.
Horth, Arthur C, Beaten Metal Work. Newark, New Jersey: William Dixon, Inc., 1930. $1.00.
Jones, Harry A., Metal Work. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.00.
Kronquist, Emil F., Metalcraft and Jewelry. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $2.25.
Lubowitz, Joseph J., 55 New Tin-Can Projects. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $ .75.
, Interesting Art-Metal Work. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $ .50.
Mersereau, Samuel F., Materials of Industry. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. $2.00.
Newkirk, Louis V., and Stoddard, George D., The General Shop. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.75.
Payne, A. F., Art Metalwork (Revised). Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. " $3.00. , Art Metalwork with Inexpensive Equipment (Revised Edition). Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press, 1929. $3.25.
Petersen, L. C, 101 Metal-Working Projects. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $2.00.
Reagan, James E., and Smith, Earl E., Metal Spinning. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.00.
Reeves, J. S., Wrought Pewter Work. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .40.
Rose, Augustus F., Copper Work. 37 Aborn St., Providence, Rhode Island: Metal Crafts Publishing Co., 1931. $3.50.
Thatcher, Edward, Simple Soldering, Both Hard and Soft. Newark, New Jersey: William Dixon, Inc. $ .75. ., Making Tin Can Toys. 227-231 East Washington Square, Philadelphia, Penn.: J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.00.
55

Tustison, F. E., and Kranzusch, R. P., Melalwork Essentials. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.50.
Willoughby, George A., and Chamberlain, Duane G., General Shop Handbook. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.00.

SOURCES OF MATERIALS
Brodhead-Garrett Co., 4560 East 71st St., Cleveland, O. William Dixon, Inc., 32-34-36 East Kinney St., Newark, N. J. Local Merchants Lussky, White & Coolidge, Inc., 65 to 71 West Lake St., Chicago, 111. Metal Crafts Supply Co., 37 Aborn St., Providence, R. I.

UNIT I: Benchwork

METAL CASTING

LEARNING PROCESSES:

1. Sand a. Wetting b. Riddle
2. Gate types a. Common b. Pouring basin c. Skimmng
3. Setup mold a. Drag (1) Pattern (2) Pack (3) Runner (4) Ram (5) Strike (6) Sprue pin (7) Parting sand
b. Cope (1) Pack (2) Strike (3) Vent

3. Setup mold--Continued
(4) Pouring basin (5) Remove
(a) Cope (b) Sprue pin c. Gates (1) To pattern d. Imperfections e. Moisten edges of pattern f. Remove pattern g. Clean 4. Cope a. Replace 5. Skim
6. Pour a. Shakeout mold
7. Casting a. Remove sprue b. Clean c. File
8. Finish
9. Safety units

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See the price list page 58.

56

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. History a. General
2. Metals a. Copper (1) Source (2) Uses
b. Brass (1) Source (2) Uses
c. Lead (1) Sources (2) Alloys (3) Uses
d. Bronze (1) Source (2) Uses
e. Aluminum (1) Source (2) Uses
f. Soft iron (1) Source (2) Uses
3. Melting a. Melting points b. Type of metals (1) Metal of low melting points

4. Sand a. Fusion b. Cohesion c. Types (1) Light (2) Medium (3) Heavy (4) Parting d. Testing e. Care of sand
5. Patterns a. Student made b. Furnished or ready made
6. Heat a. Gas b. Forge
7. Safety a. Caution b. Individual safety
8. Finishing a. Enamels b. Paints c. Buffing d. Bronzing
9. Alloys
10. Slag
11. Terminology

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Book ends, ash trays, doorstops, paperweights, ornaments, plaques, paper knives, name plates, door knockers, picture frames.

57

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL

Sprinkler

Shovel

Trowel

Rammer

Riddle

Bellows

Lifter

Slick

'

Spoon

Ladle

Heating unit (forge)

PRICE PER UNIT
$ .50 1.50 70 1.75 1.50 2.50 60 55 60 2.60 16.00

Total for shop

$28.80

The following equipment can be made in the shop: Bin for molding sand, flask, mixing board, gate cutter, draw spike, sprue pin, vent pin.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
For Students
Coleman, George J., Forge Note Book. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $ .35.
Newkirk, Louis V., and Stoddard, George D., The General Shop. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.75.
Willoughby, George A., and Chamberlain, Duane G., The General Shop Handbook. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.00.
For Teachers
Same as above

UNIT I:

PLUMBING

LEARNING PROCESSES:

1. Replace a. Washers (1) Faucets

(2) Pump

b. c.

F,,Fulol,,laetrs b..al.l

d. Fittings

2. Adjust

a. Floats

b. Fuller ball

3. Reseat a. Toilets
4 Clean
a*b. TD.rrraaapniSnss
5- Repair a. Splits (1) Pipe

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See page 61.

58

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1 Leather a. Sources b. Uses
2. Rubber a. Sources b. Uses
3. Bibb washers a. Styles b. Uses
4. Packing a. Sheet b. Asbestos c. Hemp

4. Packing--Continued d. Candlewick e. Cotton
5. Fixtures a. Types
6. Pumps a. Types
7. Toilets a. Types
8. Clamps a. Types (1) Patented (2) Makeshift

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Do as many as possible of the learning processes either at home or at school, under direction of the instructor in charge.

UNIT II:

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Layout 2. Cutting 3. Measure 4. Top 5. Ream 6. Thread

7. Assemble 8. Test
a. Leaks 9. Apply
a. Joint compound 10. Bend 11. Caulk

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See page 61.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Pipe a. Galvanize (1) Manufacture (2) Uses (3) Cost b. Black iron (1) Manufacture (2) Uses

1. Pipe--Continued c. Tile (1) Manufacture (2) Uses d. Cast iron (1) Manufacture (2) Uses
2. Lead a. Uses

59

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:--Continued

3. Oakum a. Uses
4. Bending a. Jigs
5. Vent a. Gases
6. Roof flange 7. Fitting
a. Kings b. Sizes

8. Pipe a. Sizes
9. Drainage a. Factors
10. Building a. Ordinances
11. Occupational information a. Plumbing b. Steam fitters and heating c. Pipe-line workers

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Exercises in all, with follow-up of job around homes or school or practice job as a unit of instruction.

UNIT III:

LEARNING PROCESSES:

1. Install a. Bathtub b. Sink c. Shower d. Hand lavatory e. Toilet

Install--Continued f. Traps (1) All types g. Faucets h. Toilet tanks i. Hot-water tank

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: For this unit use the tools and equipment of the other units.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Buy a. Where
2. Styles 3. Quality 4. Sanitation

5. Putty 6. History of bathtub 7. Physics
a. Hot-water system

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Demonstrations by instructor and followup work around homes.

60

For Unit I

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL
Force pump Stilson wrench 18". . . . Monkey wrench 12".. . Pipe vise Pliers, combination 8". Solid punch 3/l6" Hollow punch %" Coil spring auger
Total for 6 pupils.

UNIT COST

MINIMUM AVERAGE MAXIMUM

COST

COST

COST

1.00 1.75 1.45 3.63
.44 .10 1.25 3.00

1.00 50 45 63 44 10 25

1.00 3.50 1.45 3.63
.88 .10 1.25 3.00

1.00 7.00 1.45 3.63
.88 .10 1.25 3.00

$ 11.37 % 14.81 $ 18.31

For Unit II: Add the following to the above:

TOOL

UNIT COST

MINIMUM AVERAGE MAXIMUM

COST

COST

COST

Stock and dies \i " to 1" Pipe cutter No. 1 Straight fluted bit brace reamer No
1 Oiler, one pint Hacksaw frame Paintbrush Ball-peen hammer 16 oz . Breast drill 0 to lA" Caulking tool Yarning tool Cold chisel %* Heating unit Blowtorch Plumber's torch
Total for 6 pupils.

9.00 2.35
1.35 .15
1.00 .10 .70
4.81 .75 .75 .57
5.00

9.00 2.35
1.35 .15
1.00 .10 .70
4.81 .75 .75 .57
5.00

9.00 2.35
1.35 .15
1.00 .10 .70
4.81 .75 .75 .57
5.00

9.00 2.35
1.35 .15
1.00 .10 .70
4.81 .75 .75 .57
5.00

$ 26.53 $ 26.53 $ 26.53

For Unit III: Tools same as above--(Units I; II.)

61

BIBLIOGRAPHY Crawshaw, Fred D., and Lehmann, E. W., Farm Mechanics, Part VII. Peoria,
Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.00. Farmer's Bulletin No. 1426F, Farm Plumbing. Washington, D. C: U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture. Farmer's Bulletin No. 1448F, Farmstead Water Supply. Washington, D. C: U. S.
Department of Agriculture. Farmer's Bulletin No. 1227F, Sewage and Sewerage for Farm Homes. Washington,
D. C: U. S. Department of Agriculture. Farmer's Bulletin No. 1460F, Simple Plumbing Repairs in the Home. Washington,
D. C: U. S. Department of Agriculture. Farmer's Bulletin No. 941, Water Systems for Farm Homes. Washington, D. C:
U. S. Department of Agriculture. Instruction for Installing Modern Plumbing Systems. Atlanta, Georgia: Sears Roe-
buck & Co.
62

METALWORK GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY
63

VI. ELECTRICITY

The following objectives of electricity instruction in terms of the persistent problems are (1) to gain general knowledge of the scope of the electrical field, (2) to become familiar with the tools, materials, terms, and symbols used by the electrician, (3) to learn trade requirements and conditions in the community, (4) to develop ability to draw correct electrical diagrams before starting a job, (5) to learn value of mathematics in the solution of electrical problems, (6) to lay foundation for more advanced courses, and (7) to develop handy-man ability and render service to home and school.

UNIT I:

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Stripping wires 2. Joining conductors
a. End splice b. Top joint c. Rattail splice d. Fixture splice

3. Soldering joints 4. Taping joints 5. Planning a layout 6. Checking

TOOLS: Hammer, screw driver, knife, pliers. Soldering copper with heating device.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Magnetism 2. Insulating materials 3. Conductors 4. Sources of currents

5. Simple calculations 6. Circuits 7. Motors

SUGGESTED PROJECTS:
1. Electric magnets 2. Simple bell circuit

3. Two-way bell circuit 4. Return call bell circuit
64

SUGGESTED PROJECTS :--Continued
5. Battery construction 6. Connecting batteries in
a. Simple series b. Parallel c. Parallel series
REFERENCES: See page 68.

7. Bicycle or auto spotlight 8. Electroplating 9. Electric motor

UNIT II: This unit involves work and study in 32 and 110 volts.

LEARNING PROCESSES:

1. Those listed in Unit I 2. Meter reading 3. Testing for shorts in a circuit

4. Replacing fuses 5. Reconnecting loose conductors 6. Underwriter's knot

TOOLS: Hammer, screw driver, bit and brace, soldering equipment, pliers, hack saw, end or diagonal nippers, knife.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Underwriter's code 2. Sources of power 3. Currents, A. C. & D. C. 4. Resistance

5. Measurement information 6. Transformers 7. Fuses 8. Illumination 9. Safe practices

SUGGESTED PROJECTS:
1. Making or repairing extension cords
2. Installing wall switches 3. Replacing fuses
REFERENCES: See page 68.

4. Connecting transformer to bell line
5. Wiring attachment plugs 6. Installing fuse block 7. Installing flush receptacle

UNIT III: To give the pupil some understanding and skill in repair and care of appliances used in the home.

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Those listed in Units I and II

2. Installing heating units 3. Repairing conductors 4. Cleaning and oiling motors
65

TOOLS: Same as those listed in Units I and II
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION :
1. Heating effect of electric current 2. Materials used for heating units 3. Calculation of size and length of wire required for specific job 4. Importance of clean motors 5. Brushes and commutators 6. Lubrication 7. Bearings 8. Starting and protecting devices 9. Care of equipment 10. Safe practices
SUGGESTED PROJECTS:
1. To cut off master switch at meter box 2. To test and replace fuse 3. To replace cord in lamp or other appliances 4. To assemble attachment cord of electric iron 5. Make electric soldering iron 6. Make electric toaster 7. Make electric hot plate 8. Replace heating element in electric iron, toaster, or hot plate
COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL

UNIT COST

MINI-
No. MUM
COST

AVER-
No. AGE
COST

MAXI-
No. MUM
COST

x Pliers round nose 5" No.

250

$

x Pliers thin nose 6" No. 06

x Side cutting 6" No. 50

Pexto

x End cutting nippers 6"

No. 74

x Diagonal cutting pliers

&V2" No. 275 1 x Hacksaw frame No. 99. . .

x Hacksaw blades 10" doz. .

Screw drivers 6 "

Screw drivers 8 "

Electric soldering copper. .

x Soldering copper 1J4 lb ..

x 1 Quart blowtorch Clay-

ton and Lambert 158. .

.73 1 $ .39 2
.85 2
1.03 1
1.21 1 .63 1 .66 1 dz .10 4 .10 4
1.10 1 1.10 1
5.00 1

.73 2 $ .78 4
1.70 4
1.03 2
1.21 2 .63 2 .66 1 dz .40 5 .40 5
1.10 1 1.10 1
5.00 1

1.46 3 $ 2.19 1.56 6 2.24

3.40 6 5.10

2.06 6 6.18

2.42 6 1.26 3
.66 ldz .50 6 .50 6 1.10 2 1.10 2

7.26 1.89
.66 .60 .60 2.20 2.20

5.00 2 10.00

66

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT--Continued

TOOLS

UNIT COST

NO.

MINIMUM COST

AVERNO. AGE
COST

MAXI-
No MUM
COST

Claw hammers 13 oz. Stanley No. 102
Ball-peen hammer 28 oz. Stanley No. 313B
Cold chisel Hargrave Yl x
Center punch H" Brace bit 10" No. 1662. Brace bit 12" No. 1663. Utility boring set Auger bit set No. 1213. . Bit extension 18" No. 9. Hand drill No. 30 Twist drills
7 drills l/l6 to Ji,4 x 32nds
Bell transformer Doorbells 2V2" No. 657. . Buzzers No. 65 Push buttons Insulated staples No. 5.. Bell wire No. 18 lb Wall switches Plates to match Surface switch Plugs Extension cord Pull chain sockets Key sockets Double receptacles Duplex receptacle plates. Storage battery 6 volt.. . Dry cell batteries Fuses 10 amp Friction tape Rubber tape Assembled split knobs.. . Porcelain tubes 4 " Assembled cleats
BX cable No. 14 R. C. wire.

.84
.86
.17 .10 2.20 2.30 1.49 7.50 1.93 1.05
.70 1 .64 1 .37 2 .35 2 .10 4 .15 100 .43 2 .10 2 .10 2 .14 2 .05 6 1.10 100 .15 6 .15 6 .09 2 .08 2 4.50 1 30 4 02^2 6 .16 8oz .25 1 .18 10 .10 10 .27 10
pr.

.17 .10 2.20
1.49
1.05
.70 2 .64 2 .74 4 .70 4 .40 6 .15 200 .86 3 .20 4 .20 4 .28 4 .30 12 1.10 200 .90 12 .90 12 .18 6 .16 6 4.50 2 1.20 8 .15 12 .16 Hi .25 2 .10 20 .10 20 .27 20
pr.

2.52
.86
.17 .20 2.20 2.30
7.50 1.93 1.05

3.36
.34 .30 4.40 4.60
7.50 1.93 1.05

1.40 3 1.28 3 1.48 6 1.40 6
.60 10 .30 500 1.29 5 .40 12 .40 12 .56 12 .60 24 2.20 400 1.80 24 1.80 24 .54 12 .48 12 9.00 3 2.40 12 .30 12 .32 48 .50 4 .36 20 .20 20 .54 10
pr.

2.10 1.92 2.22 2.10 1.00
.60 2.15 1.20 1.20 1.68 1.20 4.40 3.60 3.60 1.08
.96 13.50 3.60
.30 .96 1.00 .36 .20 1.08

Total for 6 pupils.

l$ 37.43

$ 69.90

$117.47

NOTE I: Items marked x can be found in Brodhead-Garrett Company, catalogue No. 37 or equal from other companies.
II: Most of the items in the nature of supplies can be obtained locally as the demand arises.
67

S^

M\

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dragoo, A. W., and Dragoo, K. L., General Shop Electricity. Bloomington, Illinois: McKnight & McKnight, $ . 60.
Lehmann, H. G., Shop Projects in Electricity. Atlanta, Georgia: American Book Co. $ .96.
Lewis, Melvin S., and Dillon, John H., Instruction Sheets for the General Shop-- Electricity. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. $ .50.
Perry, L. Day, and Buck, R. O., Practical Problems in Electrical Construction. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.20.
Peterson, Charles F., Fundamentals of Electricity. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $ .80.
Schaenzer, J. P., Rural Electrification. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.72.
Slack, Edgar P., Elementary Electricity. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. $2.00.
Timbie, William H., Elements of Electricity. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. $3.00.
, Essentials of Electricity. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. $2.00.
Tustison, F. E., Job Sheets for the Practical Electrical Shop. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $ .68.
Willoughby, George A., Elementary Electricity (Lesson Sheets). Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .45.
, Essentials of Electrical Work. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. 1.60.
, Practical Electricity for Beginners. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.00.
Wright, Forrest B., Electricity in the Home and on the Farm. New York: John Wilev & Sons, Inc. $2.19.

68



VII.

CERAMICS

UNIT I:

BRICKLAYING

LEARNING PROCESSES:

1. Mortar a. Mix b. Color c. Apply
2. Footings a. Layout (1) Step (2) Straight
3. Pillars a. Layout b. Kinds or types

3. Pillars--Continued (1) Corner (2) Hollow (3) Solid (4) Reinforced (5) Anchor
4. Bond
a. Lay (1) Common (2) English (3) Flemish

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See page 73.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Brick
a. Kinds
(1) Press (2) Face (3) Tapestry (4) Fire (5) Common (6) Colored
b. Styles (1) Solid (2) Perforated
2. Lime
a. Sources b. Manufacture c. Uses

3. Cement a. Sources b. Manufacture c. Uses
4. Sand a. Sources b. Uses c. Screen
5. Mortar a. Standard mixtures b. Patented styles
6. Foundations a. Footing (1) Soil conditions
7. Understand a. Plumb bob b. Level

69

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Pillars assorted types, bond exercises, footing exercises, foundation exercises , mixing small batch mortars.

UNIT II:
LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Walls a. Solid b. Veneer c. Ornamental (1) Garden walls d. Combination (1) Hollow tile

2. Columns a. Porch (1) Full length (2) Part length
3. Design

TOOLS: Same as Unit I.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Scaffolds a. Construction b. Uses c. Safety
(1) Check (a) Defect (b) Weight
2. Hollow tiles
a. Sources b. Manufacture c. Uses d. Styles
3. Lintels
a. Manufacture b. Uses
4. Courses
a. Solder b. Rowlock

4. Courses--Continued c. Header d. Stretcher
5. Veneer a. Wood structure b. Building paper c. Galvanized ties d. Brick bond
6. Solid walls a. Relation of wall to height b. Bond used
7. Understand a. Plumb bob b. Level
8. Garden walls a. Design b. Grade columns c. Set hinges d. Set lock

SUGGESTED PROJECTS Wall section (solid wall and veneer wall); columns; garden wall section; bond in wall section; course and wall section.

70

UNIT III:

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Arches a. Segment of circle b. Ellipse c. Gothic d. Square

2. Keystone bricks a. Make
3. Design 4. Circles

TOOLS: Same as Unit I. See page 73.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Layout a. Segments of circle b. Ellipses c. Gothic d. Circles
2. Form building a. Arch b. Ellipses c. Special

3. Keystones a. Use b. How made
4. Foundations 5. Mortar
a, Soil (1) Damp (2) Dry
6. Thickness of wall a. Height b. Sand held back

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Silo, brick dry wells, brick septic tanks, window arch exercise. Exercise requiring building of a form and laying of bricks of one of the following:

1. Gothic 2. Segment of circle arch 3. Ellipse

UNIT IV:
LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Fireplace a. Study (1) Types (2) Footings (3) Living (4) Taper (5) Draft
2. Brick steps a. Layout
TOOLS: Same as Unit I

2. Brick steps--Continued b. Foundations (1) Soil c. Footing d. Construction e. Buttresses
3. Chimneys a. Types b. Drafts c. Bases
71

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Flue tile a. Source b. Manufacture c. Use
2. Fillings a. All jobs that require
3. Ovens a. Types b. Construction
4. Fire brick a. Manufacture b. Uses

5. Mortar a. Fire (1) Manufacture (2) Uses (3) Patented type
6. Mantels a. Types b. Construction
7. Foundations a. Footing (1) Soil
8. Thimbles a. Manufacture b. Use

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Brick mantels, flue section, brick steps, brick oven with flue, brick fireplace section.

SUPPLEMENTARY PART

UNIT V:

1. Explain and show

3. Estimating

a. Layout

a. Brick

(1) Batter board

b. Patented mix

(2) 6 x 8 x 10 feet method of c. Lime

squaring layouts

d. Cement

(3) Use

e. Sand 4. Industry

(a) Level

a. Georgia clay mines

(b) Plumb bob

(1) Largest

2. Building trade

b. Foreign capital

a. Code

c. Labor

(1) Regulations

d. Developments

5. Visit jobs where construc-

tion is in progress.

72

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL
Mason's trowel Pointing trowel 7" Mason beaded jointer Square point shovels Mortar hoes Chalk line ball Mason level Folding rule 6 ' Cutting out hammer Mortar box 8 " x 4 " x 6 ' Mortar board 1" x 2 ' x 2 ' Bins
1. lime 2. Sand 3. Cement Plumb bob

PRICE PER UNIT
$1.50 .75 .50
1.45 1.85
.15 3.50
.60 1.30 To be made To be made
.50

I 12.10
Price quoted per unit. Instructor can determine how many units needed. Tools are same for all parts of this course. That is for each of the units of the course of study.
Woodworking tools may be borrowed from the woodwork or general toolroom as necessary.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Briggs, Howard, and Carver, William, Practical Bricklaying. New York: McGrawHill Book Co. $1.75.
Estimating Building Costs--Vol. 269B. "Blue Book Series." Scranton, Pennsylvania: International Textbook Company. $2.75.
Face and Ornamental Brickwork, Plastering--Vol.'248. "Blue Book Series." Scranton, Pennsylvania: International Textbook Company. $1.75.
Lowndes, William S., and Jervis, George J., Plain and Fancy Brickwork. Scranton, Pennsylvania: International Textbook Company. $1.25.
CONCRETE
UNIT I: To teach the fundamentals of concrete work in the school laboratory so that the student will be able to do simple concrete work at home.
73

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. To build the tools which may be constructed by anyone in a school or home workshop: a. Screen b. Measuring boxes c. Tamper d. Float e. Strike board
2. To build a simple form 3. To estimate the amount of materials required 4. To proportion the mixture to suit job requirements 5. To mix concrete properly 6. To pour and tamp concrete into place 7. To finish concrete with float or trowel
TOOLS: Screen, measuring boxes, tamper, float, strike board, trowel, shovels, hoe, pails, spirit level.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:
1. How cement is manufactured 2. The relation of cement to aggregates in concrete 3. Why different mixtures are used for different jobs 4. The value of concrete construction due to its permanence 5. The possibilities of concrete used on the farm
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Sidewalk sections, book ends, pillar caps, flagstones, paperweights, flue caps.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Baxter, Leon H., Elementary Concrete Construction. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.35.
Campbell, Henry C, and Beyer, W. F., Practical Concrete Work for the School and Home. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Art Press, 1917. $1.35.
FREE AND INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS
All Bulletins from the Portland Cement Association, Hurt Building, Atlanta, Georgia.
Farmers' Bulletin No. 1279F, Plain Concrete for Farm Use. Washington, D. C: TJ. S. Department of Agriculture.
74

UNIT II: To give the student further instruction in practical concrete work, especially as applied in the home and on the farm.
LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. To build a form for some object to be cast of concrete 2. To reinforce concrete properly 3. To cast an object of reinforced concrete 4. To finish concrete surfaces properly by the commonly used methods
TOOLS: Screen, shovels, measuring boxes, tamper, float, strike board, trowel, hoe, pails, spirit level, wheelbarrow, sledge, star drill.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:
1. The strength of concrete; why it is greatest under compression 2. The proper methods of reinforcing concrete
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Fence posts, garbage receptacles, septic tanks, incinerators, watering troughs.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Use all references listed for Unit 1 of concrete and the following additional references: Hool, George A., and Pulver, H. E., Concrete Practice. New York: McGraw-
Hill Book Co., Inc. $3.00. Saurbrey, H. A., Plain and Reinforced Concrete Construction. Scranton, Pennsyl-
vania: International Textbook Company. $1.50. Webb, Walter and Gibson, W. H., Concrete Design and Construction. Drexel Ave-
nue and 58th St., Chicago, Illinois: American Technical Society, 1931. $2.50.
FREE AND INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS
Farmers' Bulletins, Washington, D. C: U. S. Department of Agriculture or local agricultural agent. No. 481 Concrete Construction on Livestock Farm No. 1490F, Hog-Lot Equipment No. 855F, Homemade Silos No. 825F, Pit Silos No. 1227 Septic Tanks No. 1480F, Small Concrete Construction on the Farm
75

UNIT III: To give the advanced student in concrete work the fundamentals of ornamental concrete, with its wide possibilities in home beautification as well as creative art.
LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. To color concrete for ornamental purposes 2. To make up a form for a small ornamental concrete object 3. To make a casting, utilizing the form made by the student 4. To make some concrete object by the sweeping method 5. To finish work by the various ornamental surface finishes
TOOLS: Screen, measuring box, tamper, float, strike board, trowel, shovels, hoe, pails, spirit level, spade, wheelbarrow.
RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:
1. Why mineral colors are best 2. To make pleasing designs for ornamental as well as practical
purposes 3. The use of colored aggregates to give pleasing effects
SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Flower boxes, benches, urns, sundials.

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL

COST PER TOOL

MINI-
No. MUM
COST

AVER-
No. AGE
COST

COM-
No. PLETE
COST

Square point shovels No. 1. . Mortar hoes No. 1 Edger, Marshalltown No. 225 Jointer, Marshalltown No.
245 Groover No. 265 Cement trowels, Marshall-
town No. MC 4 Masons' trowels No. 19W
10'length Spirit level Sledge, 6 lb Star drills Y2" x 12" Star drills %" x 12"

1.45 L85 .75
.75 .75
2.00
1.50 2.72 1.40
.32 .45

2.90 1.85
.75
.75 .75
2.00
1.50 2.75 1.40
.32

5.80 1.85
.75
.75 .75
4.00
1.50 2.75 1.40
.32 .45

8.70 3.50 1.50
1.50 1.50
6.00
4.50 2.75 1.40
.32 .45

Total for 6 pupils.

$ 14.97

$ 20.32

$ 32.12

76

The following tools may be made in the shop, so only the number required is given:

No.

No.

No.

Mixing boxes, 5 ' x 8 '.

1

1

Floats

2

3

Screens

2

3

Measuring boxes

ea. of various sizes

Tampers

1

2

Strike boards

1

2

Bins, sufficient number and size to hold stocks of various materials

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Use all references listed for Unit I, page 74; the bulletins listed for Unit II, and the following references: Farmers' Bulletins, Washington, D. C: U. S. Department of Agriculture.
No. 1448F, Farmstead Water Supply No. 1342F, Dairy-Barn Construction Saurbrey, H. A., Plain and Reinforced Concrete Construction. Scranton, Pennsylvania: International Textbook Company. $1.50.

UNIT I:

POTTERY

LEARNING PROCESSES:
Pottery 1. Shape a. Lump (1) With fingers
2. Single coil a. With fingers
3. Multiple coil a. With fingers and tools
4. Multiple coil and template
5. Weld

6. Appendages a. Feet b. Handles c. Miscellaneous
7. Fire a. Biscuit b. Glost
8. Finish a. Without fire (1) Paint (2) Shellac (3) Varnish

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See pages 80-1.

77

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION :

1. Clay
a. Types (1) China (2) Flint (3) Felspar (4) Fire clay (5) White (native) (6) Red (native)
b. Washing c. Slip d. Storage e. Wedging f. Moistening
2. Damp box
3. Templates 4. Design
5. Kilns
a. Electric b. Gas c. Kerosene

6. Cones a. Determiners of temperatures
7. Decoration 8. Firing
a. Biscuit b. Glost c. Temperatures 9. Glazing a. Brush b. Dipping c. Spray d. Pour 10. Glazing a. Types b. Sources 11. Finishing a. Non-firing clay 12. Biscuit a. Explain 13. Glost a. Explain

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: See page 80.

UNIT II:

LEARNING PROCESSES:

^urning and Tiles or Plaques
1. Turning or spinning a. Center b. Raise c. Lower d. Open e. Knuckle f. Shape and appendages added g. Remove h. Dry

1. Turning or Spinning--Continued i. Fire or finish
2. Tile, Plaque or Mosaic a. Mould b. Design c. Mosaic tile d. Built-up shapes (1) Squares (2) Rectangle e. Dry f. Fire

\>OLS AND EQUIPMENT: See pages 80-1.

78

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

A. Part I 1. Clay a. Consistency 2. Wheels a. Speeds 3. Hands a. Their part 4. Designs a. Types

3. Styles a. Tiles b. Mosaic
4. Design
5. Decoration
6. Firing a. Temperature

5. Firing a. Temperature
6. Use of cones 7. Damp box
B. Part II 1. Clay a. Type b. Consistency

7. Glazing a. Dipping b. Brush c. Spray d. Pour
8. Kiln a. Types

2. Moulds a. Kinds b. Washers (1) Dusting powder (2) Glass (3) Leather (4) Brown paper

9. Biscuit a. Explain
10. Glost a. Explain

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: See page 80

UNIT III:

LEARNING PROCESSES:
Moulding with Plaster Moulds
1. Casting a. Slip b. Pour c. Trim d. Set e. Remove f. Dry g. Glaze h. Decorate i. Fire

2. Pressing a. Cut b. Sponge (1) Clay (2) Mould c. Roughen d. Paints (1) Slip e. Press f. Remove g. Dry h. Finish or fire

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See pages 80-1.

79

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Slip a. Preparation b. Types c. Uses
2. Moulds a. Purchase b. To be made c. Types and kinds
3. Casting a. Slip b. Plaster
4. Flint dust a. Use
5. Clay a. Consistency
6. Wetting a. All parts

7. Glazing a. Pour b. Brush c. Dip d. Spray
8. Firing a. Temperatures b. Size of object
9. Cones
10. Designs 11. Decoration
12. Kiln
13. Biscuit a. Explain
14. Glost a. Explain

SUGGESTED PROJECTS FOR ALL UNITS: One coil bowls, model animals, bowls from lump of clay, incised designs, tiles, plaques, multiple coil bowls and vases, designed bowls and vases, using glazes, lamp bases.

Pottery ceramic kiln Pottery grinder Potter's wheel Brushes Scrapers Potter's knives Plaster knives Sprayer Steel disks Modeling tools
1. Wire 2. Wood 3. Steel Rolling pin Mortar pestle Ground glass

COST OF TOOLS

$17.50 to $400.00
To be made
To be made .20 .25
Optional
.85 .75 .75 To be made
.80

80

EQUIPMENT

Shelves and props Glazes Potter's clay Plaster of Paris Cones and slits Bronze wire cloth, 120 mesh Bronze wire cloth, 80 mesh Kiln wash

Grog Dishpans Crocks
a. Assorted Spoon High temperature cements Sieves Zinc lime clay cupboard

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Binns, Charles F., The Potter's Craft. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc. $2.50.
Bonser, Frederick G., and Mossman, Lois C, Industrial Arts for Elementary Schools. Atlanta, Georgia: The Maemillan Co. $2.40.
Cox, George J., Pottery. Atlanta, Georgia: The Macmillan Co. $1.75.
Gall, Irma M., and Van Etta, Vivian M., Art of Pottery. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.35.
Lunn, Dora, Pottery in the Making. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $2.75.
Varnum, William C, Industrial Arts Design (Revised). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $4.00.

81

VIII.

ARTS AND CRAFTS

BASKETRY

UNIT I:

REED

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Fundamental weaves a. Over and under b. Double over and under c. Japanese d. Double Japanese e. Pairing f. Triple g. Coil h. Arrow
2. Borders a. Open border or simple scallop b. Scallop c. Trac (single stake) d. Trac (double stake) e. Three rod plain border f. Four rod plain border g. Plaited border h. Foot border
3. Handles a. Plaited 3 rod 3 stroke b. Twisted c. Twisted ring d. Endless plaited ring e. Plaited 9 rods

3. Handles--Continued f. Special handles using cane also
4. Bases a. Woven only (1) Round (2) Oval (3) Oblong (4) Rectangle b. Wooden (1) All start with stake at 90
5. Hinging
6. Fastenings
7. Line
8. Padding
9. Designs of projects
10. Decorations
11. Finish
12. Enamel
13. Glass
14. Forms
15. Attached handler

82

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT:
1. Pliers a. Round nose b. Flat nose
2. Diagonal cutters 3. Bodkin
a. Large bent b. Regular 4. Shears 5. Bradawl

6. Knife 7. Rapping iron 8. Screw block
a. To be made by instructor 9. Singing lamp 10. Water container for soaking
reeds 11. Ruler or tape measure 12. Paintbrushes 13. Needles

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Technical Terms a. Stakes b. Bye-stakes c. Upsetting d. Randing e. Turn of a basket f. Border g. Mending h. Mending spoke
2. Reed a. Source b. Uses
3 Types of reed a. Round b. Flat c. Flat oval d. Split reed
4 Measuring of baskets

5. Decorative material a. Silk paper b. Milkweed pods c. Assorted natural or dyed grass d. Butterflies e. Transfers
6. Working knowledge of woodwork
7. Wetting reed 8. Lining
a. Cloth b. Cardboard c. Cotton d. Thread 9. Making forms
10. Jigs which aid weaver a. Turntable b. Assorted clamps

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Small sandwich tray, boudoir wastepaper basket, lamp shade, darning basket with cover, fruit basket--all shapes, garden basket, large sandwich tray, base and standard for lamp, trays --all shapes, ash tray stands, shopping basket (oblong), luncheon basket.

83

UNIT I:

RAFFIA

LEARNING PROCESSES:

1. Knots a. Solomon
2. Wrap 3. Sew 4. Basket stitch
a. Navaho b. Mariposa

5. Weave a. Navaho b. Lazy squaw
6. Line a. All work as necessary (1) Cutting (2) Sewing (3) Drawstring (4) Installation

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See page 86.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Raffia a. Source b. Uses
2. Reed a. Sources b. Uses

3. Washing raffia 4. Dyeing raffia 5. Finishing 6. Working knowledge
a. Different sewing stitches

SUGGESTED PROJECTS : Twine holder, shopping bag, workbag.

UNIT I:

NATIVE MATERIALS

LEARNING PROCESSES: Knowledge of the following Georgia ma-

terials:

Honeysuckle vine

Pine needles

Sweet grass

Oak splints

Willow splints

Due to a great abundance of free supplies to be found throughout our state, the cost of preparing them is negligible and very few tools are needed. Therefore, it is recommended that this unit be used where basketry is taught.

The weaving parallels the course on weaving of reed in regard to learning units, and what is given here is mainly preparation of the native materials prior to weaving.

84

Arts and crafts industries can be greatly enriched by the instructor with supplies furnished by nature.

UNIT I:

HONEYSUCKLE VINE

LEARNING PROCESSES: Learning processes are the same as those for reed, and refer to them for what information you desire.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: Sharp knife, tapeline or yardstick, scissors, sandpaper, tub.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Gathering a. Size (1) Small (2) Medium (3) Large b. When (1) Months c. Grows (1) Everywhere d. Place (1) Undisturbed (a) Ditchbanks
2. Removing skin a. Water bath (1) Boiling (a) Lye (2) Time b. Stripping (1) Coarse cloth c. Dry

3. Trimming a. Knots imperfection (1) Cut b. Leaf imperfection (1) Cut c. Sandpaper (1) Entire length
4. Storing a. Dry b. Hank (1) Round type (2) Long hanging c. Sizes (1) Keep sizes together
5. Finishing a. Enamel b. Varnish c. Paints d. Shellac

UNIT I:
LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Prepare a. Needles (1) Remove (a) Sheath (2) Fume b. Raffia

PINE NEEDLES
2. Coil 3. Stitch
a. Types (1) Spiral (2) Tie (3) Fern (4) Wheat
85

LEARNING PROCESSES :--Continued

4. Add a. Needles b. Raffia c. Extra stitches
5. Attach a. Handles
6. Sew
7. Roll a. Raffia b. Needles

8. Finish top of weave
9. Starts a. Oval b. Round
10. Finish a. Shellac b. Varnish

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT:
1. Sewing needles a. Large
2. Knife 3. Scissors

4. Brushes a. Paint or varnish
5. Container for wetting

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION :

1. Needles a. Sources b. Length c. Uses d. Found
2. Dyeing 3. Raffia
a. Source b. Uses

4. Design a. Color b. Combinations c. Decorations d. Shapes (1) Project made
5. Sewing a. Twine b. Raffia
6. Handles a. Types

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Mats, vase holders, trays, baskets, ornaments.

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR RAFFIA

TOOL
5 Container for wetting raffia 7. Paintbrushes to be purchased locally.

PRICE PER UNIT
$ .40 1.35 .15 1.04
.15

$ 3.09 8

SWEET GRASS
Sweet grass is a substitute material for pine needles. Instructors should proceed in the same way as with pine needles.
OAK SPLINTS WILLOW SPLINTS
Oak splints and willow splints are used to supplant reed. Reed comes ready for use whereas the instructor must prepare his splints.

For Students

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Blanchard, Mary N., The Basketry Book. Atlanta, Georgia: Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.00.

For Teachers Crampton, Charles, Canework. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $2.25
Marten, William S., Inexpensive Basketry. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .65.
Worst, Edward F., Industrial Work for the Middle Grades. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1919. $3.50.

SOURCE OF MATERIALS FOR ALL PARTS The American Reedcraft Corporation, 130 Beekman St., New York, N. Y. Grand Rapids Fibre Cord Co., 609 Myrtle St., Grand Rapids, Mich.

UNIT I:
LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Lace 2. Skive 3. Cut 4. Draw designs 5. Draw patterns 6. Trace
a. Patterns b. Design

LEATHER WORK
7. Carve 8. Tool 9. Distinguish kinds of
leather 10. Sew
a. Hand b. Machine
87

LEARNING PROCESSES:--Continued

11. Fasteners a. Snap b. Talon zippers
12. Braid 13. Emboss 14. Crease 15. Stiffen 16. Gusset

17. Dye 18. Handles on projects 19. Finish 20. Punch holes 21. Stamp 22. Inlay 23. Overlay or applique 24. Stain 25. Glue

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See pages 89-90.

RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Sources of leather a. Cowhide b. Steerhide c. Calfskin d. Elk skin e. Pigskin f. Ostrich skin g. Sheepskin h. Sharkskin i. Alligator hide j. Goatskin
2. Printed or stamped hides a. Imitation or real hides b. Modern designs or grained c. Varied grained
3. Imitation leather a. Fabrikoid (E. C. Dupont & Co.)
4. Lacing leather a. Real b. Fabrikoid
5. Lining leather a. Sources b. Uses
6. Carving leather a. Sources b. Uses

7. Tooling leather a. Sources b. Uses
8. Uses of leather
9. Study of design
10. Braiding
a. Types--open ends (1) Flat (2) Round (3) Square (4) End (5) Knot
b. Type--blind end (1) Mostly flat
11. Tanning a. Kinds (1) Buck (2) Chrome (3) Vegetable b. Uses of various kinds
12. Sewing or stitching a. Back b. Running stitch c. Saddlers' stitch
13. Template a. Uses
14. Making a cutting board

88

15. Glue a. Kinds
16. Stiffen materials a. Lightweight buckram b. Heavyweight buckram
17. Dyeing a. Sources b. Kinds of leather
18. Finishing materials a. Wax b. Polish
19. Lacing leather stitches a. Running stitch b. Whip stitch c. Double whip stitch d. Buttonhole stitch e. Layover stitch
SUGGESTED PROJECTS:
1. Lanyard 2. Dog leash 3. Pocketbooks 4. Key holders 5. Sewing kits 6. Cigarette cases 7. Belts 8. Moccasins 9. Notebook covers 10. Book end covers

20. Stamps a. Homemade b. Factory made
21. Inlaying a. Sealing wax b. Leather
22. Terminology
23. Miscellaneous a. Snap fasteners b. Eyelets c. Buckles d. Key containers e. Celluloid
24. Stuffing
11. Picture frame cover 12. Portfolio 13. Brief case 14. Billfold 15. Camera case 16. Tool case 17. License holders 18. Tobacco pouch 19 Rider's crop 20. Table cover 21. Eyeglass case

COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL
Modeling tool Modeling tool Modeling tool Modeling tool Double ball end modeling tool Leather background stamps Tracing tool

CATALOGUE NO.

PRICE

(unit)

S-2540

$ .35

S-2541

35

S-2542

35

S-2543

35

S-2544

35

Made by instructor.. .

S-2557

20

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COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT--Continued

Edge beveler Scratch awl Fid awl Leather worker's knife Bevel point skiving knife Incising knife Square point leatherwork knife Extension knife blades and handle Hand embossing holder and wheel set Polished steel square 7" x 14 " Stitch spacer Thonging chisel (4 prong) Wood creaser Six tube revolving head punch Extra tubes for the above head punch Mallets Thong needles (pkg. 25) Egg eye harness needles (pkg. 25) Eyelet setter--small Eyelet setter--large Snap button fastener Oil stones Rulers (steel) 12" Spring dividers 6" Lacing pliers Cutting board Paint brushes

S-2558 S-2559 S-2560 S-2565 S-2566 S-2567 S-2568 S-2560 S-2576 S-2577 S-2578 S-2579 S-2582 S-2592 S-2593 Made by instructor. S-2605 S-2606 S-2608 S-2610 S-2611 S-2616 S-2618 S-2619 S-2621 Made by instructor. Purchase locally

.35 .20 .25 .65 .40 .50 .25 1.50 set 5.00 set .30 .45 .60 .45 1.75 .20
.80 .50 .15 .15 .95 .25 .30 .90 1.25

$20.05
The writers call attention to the fact that William Dixon, Inc., catalogue numbers are used because they are easily available to all teachers and give a fairly average price, with clean-cut illustrations of all tools. The Foley-Tripp Co., is also quoted as to prices; their prices being a fair average. However, many other manufacturers also have similar merchandise or equal.

For Students

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Decker, Maurice H., Working with Leather. 55-79 East Tenth Street, St. Paul, Minnesota: Webb Book Publishing Co. $ .25.

For Teacher
Leland, Charles G., Leather Work. Newark, New Jersey: William Dixon, Inc. $1.50.
Mickel, Adelaide, Leather Work. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .85.
Projects in Leather. 2 Park Ave., New York: Boy Scouts of America.
Turner, Herbert, Artistic Leather Craft. 2-6 West 45th St., New York: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons. $1.50.
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SOURCE OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS
William Dixon, Inc., 32-34-36 E. Kinney St., Newark, N. J. Foley-Tripp Co., 193 William Street, New York, N. Y. Graton & Knight Co., Worcester, Mass. W. A. Hall & Son, 99 Bedford St., Boston, Mass. Osborn Brothers Supply Co., Inc., 223 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Universal School of Handicrafts, Inc., Rockefeller Center, 1270 Sixth Ave., New
York, N. Y. Wilder and Company, 1038 Crosby St., Chicago, 111.

CANING AND FIBER WORK

UNIT I:

Weaving with Single Strand Relation of Mesh to Size of Cane

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Gage 2. Template
a. Layout (1) Regular shape (2) Irregular shape
b. Locate (1) Holes (a) Regular shape (b) Irregular shape

3. Transpose a. Template (1) Object
4. Bore a. Holes (1) Countersink (a) Bottom
5. Cane a. Prepare b. Fundamental weave (1) Seven step caning
6. Finish

UNIT II:

MACHINE WOVEN CANING

LEARNING PROCESSES:
1. Gage a. Object
2. Layout 3. Groove

4. Cut a. Cane b. Reed spline
5. Glue 6. Trim 7. Finish

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RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION:

1. Cane a. Source b. Uses c. Grades--Size in M /M (1) Superfine (2) Fine fine (3) Fine (4) Narrow medium (5) Medium (6) Common (7) Binding

l%" 2" 2 2/2" 2% " 3" V/2" 5^" to 5%"

2. Reed spline
a. Sources b. Uses c. Sizes
(1) 7 to 10 including 3^ sizes

3. Webbing
a. Machine-made b. Source of cane c. Uses d. Styles
(1) Open cane webbing (a) Mesh and grade Yz,"--superfine 7/ie"--fine fine H"-fine 9/&"--narrow medium y&"--medium
(2) Closed woven cane webbing (a) Uses

4. Practice chair caning frames exhibition a. To show 7 steps of fundamental weaving

5. Finishing a. Shellac b. Varnish c. Singe if necessary

SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Panels, chair seats, screen, repairing of caned furniture.

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COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOL
Ruler Square Bits:
a. M," b. H' Brace Countersink Knife Pegs: a. Wooden
1. Made in shop Water container:
a. Soaking cane Scratch awl Chisel Mallet Hand router Snips

PRICE PER UNIT
$ .60 2.50
.38 .34 4.50 .25 .35

.10 .63 .33 .72 .54

$11.24

BIBLIOGRAPHY CONSOLIDATED

FOR BASKETRY CANING AND FIBER WORK

LEATHER UPHOLSTERY

Bast, Herbert, Essentials of Upholstery. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.60.

Blanchard, Mary M., The Basketry Book. Atlanta, Georgia: Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.00.

Boy Scout Bulletins Crampton, Charles, Canework. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $2.25.
Decker, Maurice H., Working with Leather. 55-79 East Tenth Street, St. Paul, Minnesota: Webb Book Publishing Co. $ .25.

Government Bulletins
Hill, Basketry of Native Mississippi Materials. Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, Bulletin No. 22, March, 1923.
Home Upholstery, Fabrikoid Division. New York: E. I. Dupont & Co.
Johnson, Emil A., Furniture Upholstery. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.25.
Martin, William S., Inexpensive Basketry. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .65.
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Mersereau, Samuel F., Materials of Industry. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. $2.00.
Mickel, Adelaide, Leather Work. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .85. Mochvie, Elsie, New Leatherwork Decorations. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts
Press. $1.00. Newkirk, Louis V., The General Shop. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press.
$1.75. Perry, L. Day, Seat Weaving. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .80. Seager, Charles W., Upholstered Furniture. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce
Publishing Co. $2.00. Turner, Herbert, Artistic Leather Craft. 2-6 West 45th St., New York: Sir Isaac
Pitman & Sons. $1.50. Tustison, F. E., Job Sheets in Home Mechanics. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The
Bruce Publishing Co. Set I, Loose Leaf, 39 jobs, $ .64; Set II, Loose Leaf, 16 jobs, $ .36. Varnum, William C, Industrial Arts Design (Revised). Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $4.00. Wood, Harry E., and Smith, J. H., Prevocational and Industrial Arts. 31 East 10th St., New York: Mentzer, Bush & Co. $1.50. Worst, Edward F., Industrial Arts for the Middle Grades. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1919. $3.50.
, Problems in Woodwork. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $2.50.
SOURCES OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS
The American Reedcraft Corporation, 130 Beekman St., New York, N. Y. Brodhead-Garrett Co., 4560-4570 East 71st St., Station D, Cleveland, Ohio. Gebhart Supply Co., 10 N. Water St., Milwaukee, Wis. Local Merchants Lussky, White & Coolidge, Inc., 65 to 71 West Lake St., Chicago, 111. Upholstery Supply Co., 1033 N. Fourth St., Milwaukee, Wis.
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IX.

MINIMUM COST OF TOOLS FOR EACH ACTIVITY

SECTION I. Drawing and Planning

$ 6.60

SECTION

II. Woodwork
Hand Woodwork Machine Woodwork Upholstery

52.63 219.20
15.90

SECTION III. Metalwork
Bench Metal Sheet Metal Forging Art Metal Metal Casting Plumbing

26.26 56.39 53.10 24.53 28.80 11.37

SECTION IV. Electricity

37.43

SECTION

V. Ceramics
1. Bricklaying 2. Concrete 3. Pottery

12.10 14.97
5.00

SECTION VI. Arts and Crafts 1. Basketry 2. Leather 3. Caning

3.09 20.05 11.24

NOTE : The above is the minimum cost of tools for each individual activity. After the four or more activities have been selected that are to be offered, the individual tool lists should be checked to eliminate duplicate tools. For example, pliers may appear in several of the tool lists of the activities selected, but should not be duplicated in the combined lists of those activities.
To secure the most favorable prices on tools and equipment bids should be secured from three or more dealers. In preparing one's bids care should be taken to fully describe the article desired in order to prevent substitution of inferior merchandise. It is advisable to see that the local merchant has an opportunity to submit a bid for all equipment purchased. The members of the Georgia Industrial Arts Association offer their services in checking tool and equipment lists prior to the calling for bids, or to advise in the selection of tools and equipment where one has a very limited budget.

95

X.
FREE AND INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS
Catalogues
Atlanta Oak Flooring Co., 920 Glenwood Ave., N. E., Atlanta, Ga. Veneers, panels and kiln dried hardwood, white pine.
Brodhead-Garrett Co., 4560 East 71st St., Cleveland, Ohio. General Catalogue
General industrial arts tools and supplies, including lumber.
The Bruce Publishing Company, 524-544 North Alilwaukee St., Milwaukee, Wis.
Textbooks, reference books.
Delta Manufacturing Co., 600 East Vienna Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Light woodworking machinery.
Eugene Dietzgen Co., 318 Camp St., New Orleans, La. Drawing tools, supplies and equipment.
William Dixon, Inc., 32-34-36 East Kinney St., Newark, N. J. General Catalogue
Art metal, arts and crafts supplies.
John Duer & Sons, Inc., 36 South Charles St., Baltimore, Md. Catalogue S
Lussky, White & Coolidge, Inc., 65 to 71 West Lake St., Chicago, 111. Catalogue J
General industrial arts tools and supplies, except lumber.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 330 West 42nd St., New York, N. Y.
Textbooks, reference books.
The Manual Arts Press, Peoria, 111. General Catalogue Textbooks, reference books.
The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Co., Southington, Conn. General Catalogue Sheet metal, tools and machines.
The Frederick Post Company, P. O. Box 803, Chicago, 111. Drawing tools, supplies and equipment.
South Bend Lathe Works, 425 East Madison St., South Bend, Ind. Catalogue No. 95
Machine lathes and attachments.
96

Stanley Tools, Educational Department, New Britain, Conn. Catalogue No. 34
Tools: woodwork, metal (forging), mason, auto body.

Charts
Abrasives. Behr-Manning Co., Troy, N. Y. (Division of Norton Company.)
Tool Uses. Stanley Tools, Educational Department, New Britain, Conn.
Tool Uses. Henry Disston and Sons, Inc., Unruh and Milnor Sts., Tacony, Philadelphia, Penn.

Pamphlets
Manual of Carpentry and Catalogue. American Steel and Wire Co., 101 Marietta St., N. W., Atlanta, Ga.

National Lumber Manufacturers Association, 1337 Connecticut Ave., Washington, D. C, Lumber Exchange Co.

Smith, Homer J., Teaching Aids for the Asking. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1928. $ .50.

Steel Square. Stanley Tools, Educational Department, New Britain, Conn.

Use and Care of Drawing Instruments. Eugene Dietzgen Co., 318 Camp St., New Orleans, La.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Bulletins on the following structures:

Poultry house construction Dairy and general purpose barn Swine houses (Stockhouses) Grain storage buildings Farm residences

Implement sheds Ice houses Silos Garages Preservative treatment of
farm timbers

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