I LABORAT kjreneral ^hop A ^Suggested Program for industrial Arts for the Public Schools or Georgia Georgia ( rogram ror the Improvement or Instruction in the ( ublic schools STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ATLANTA, GEORGIA Bulletin No. 2 --April, ip3p INDUSTRIAL ARTS Bulletin No. 2 GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY GENERAL SHOP Georgia Program for the Improvement of Instrucl ion in the Public Schools M. E. THOMPSON Director PAUL R. MORROW Director of Reseatch CELIA C. MCCALL Assistant Director of Research State Department of Education M. D. COLLINS Stale Superintendent of Schools April, 1939 I I COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL ARTS IVAN HOSTETLER, Chairman, South Georgia Teachers College, Collegeboro, Ga. K. L. BING, South Georgia Teachers College, Collegeboro, Ga. J. A. CALDWELL, Columbus Public Schools, Columbus, Ga. H. O. FOSTER, Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. JOHN LYTJEN, Richard Arnold Junior High School, Savannah, Ga. J. W. MCCREERY, Savannah High School, Savannah, Ga. E. K. ROGERS, Joe Brown Junior High School, Atlanta, Ga, HAROLD SACK, Savannah High School, Savannah, Ga. C. R. TOWNSEND, O'Keefe Junior High School, Atlanta, Ga. E. H. TURNER, Griffin High School, Griffin, Ga. D. M. WARD, Bibb County Schools, Macon, Ga. P. S. WOODWARD, Atlanta Vocational School, Atlanta, Ga, SUB-COMMITTEE ON GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY J. W. MCCREERY, Chairman C. P. EAST FULTON BELL JOHN LYTJEN C. J. DEMARS NAIRN Ross HAROLD SACK FOREWORD This publication, General Industrial Arts Laboratory or General Shop, is one of a series of three bulletins on industrial arts for the public schools of Georgia. These bulletins have been prepared by a committee of teachers and administrators of industrial arts in the state, and are published as materials of the Georgia Program for the Improvement of Instruction in the Public Schools. There is a need for more of the right type of industrial-arts education in the schools of Georgia. It is hoped that this bulletin, and the others soon to be published, will extend industrial-arts education in the public schools and also place it on the sound basis of meeting the needs of Georgia's pupils and communities as a regular part of the public school curriculum. M. D. COLLINS State Superintendent of Schools ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the preparation of this bulletin many sources were drawn upon and special acknowledgments are hereby made to the following: Industrial Arts and Vocational Education Magazine; Problems in Woodwork, E. F. Worst; Furniture and Its Use, Government Bulletin; Elements of Sheet Metal Work, R. L. Welch; Syllabus on Sheet Metal, F. Bell and others; Art Metalwork, A. F. Payne; General Shop Handbook, George A. Willoughby and Duane G. Chamberlain; Interesting Art-Metal Work, Joseph J. Lukowitz; William Dixon Catalogue, William Dixon, Inc., Newark, New Jersey; Foundry Work, Robert E. Wendt; Foundry Practice, Boy Scouts of America; Mrs. J. B. Hosmer, Atlanta, Georgia; Pottery in the Making, Dora Lunn; Industrial Work for the Middle Grades, Edward F. Worst; The Basketry Book, Mary M. Blanchard; Canework, Charles Crampton; How to Make Baskets, Mary White; Basketry of Native Mississippi Materials, Hill (Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College from Bulletin 22, March 1923); Projects in Leather, Boy Scouts of America; Foley-Tripp Co., New York City; Working with Leather, Maurice H. Decker; Osborn Brothers Supply Co., Inc., Chicago; Job Sheets in Home Mechanics, F. E. Tustison; Seat Weaving, L. Day Perry. CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION PAGE 9 The Place of Industrial Arts in the Public School Curriculum.. 9 Industrial Arts Laboratory Types 11 Industrial Arts Activities 12 Floor Plans 15 Bibliography 16 II. THE GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY Objectives Recommendations Scope Chart Floor Plan, Bench, and Table 17 17 17 19 20,21,22 III. DRAWING AND PLANNING 25 IV. WOODWORK 32 Hand Woodwork 32 Home Repair and Maintenance 33 Machine Woodwork 34 Carpentry : 34 Upholstery 35 V. METALWORK 42 Bench Metal 42 Sheet Metal 44 Forging 49 Art Metal 51 Metal Casting 56 Plumbing 58 CONTENTS VI. ELECTRICITY 64 VII. CERAMICS 69 Bricklaying 69 Concrete 73 Pottery 77 VIII. ARTS AND CRAFTS 82 Basketry 82 Reed 82 Raffia 84 Native Materials 84 Honeysuckle Vine 85 Pine Needles 85 Sweet Grass 87 Oak Splints and Willow Splints 87 Leather Work 87 Caning and Fiber Work 91 IX. MINIMUM COST OF TOOLS FOR EACH ACTIVITY (CONSOLIDATED) 95 X. SOURCES OF FREE AND INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS 96 INTRODUCTION THE PLACE OF INDUSTRIAL ARTS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOL CURRICULUM ELEMENTARY LEVEL Industrial arts on the elementary school level is not a subject as we think of arithmetic, geography or language; rather, it is a supportive agency through which the traditional subjects may be made more vital, interesting and purposeful. It gives the child an opportunity to exercise his investigative and manipulative tendencies along such lines as will aid him in a better understanding of his schoolwork. It also helps him to relate his studies to his daily activities outside the schoolroom. It is believed that the values derived from industrial arts on the elementary school level are so fundamental that progress in education will advance with greater rapidity when its content and method are recognized and included in the common education of our children. LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL Industrial arts on the lower secondary level assumes a very different purpose from that in the lower grades. It becomes more specific in nature and is based upon several definite occupations or kinds of work. Instead of being carried on in the regular classroom as an aid to the many other activities, it now has its own room called an industrial arts laboratory and it is taught by a man especially trained for the job. The activities incorporated in this course must be wide and varied for a number of reasons. In the first place, the pupil should become acquainted with several types of work so that he may exercise his exploratory instincts and put himself in a better position to choose the work in which he may wish to specialize later in his school life. He may also choose interesting and valuable avocational activities which 9 will help him to live a happier and more useful life. In the next place, this type of work will provide for individual differences and permit each pupil to develop to the fullest extent of his ability. Finally, these varied activities will give the pupil an understanding of the problems involved in the manufacture of industrial products and thus foster a more extensive knowledge of the things he buys and uses. UPPER SECONDARY LEVEL On the upper secondary level industrial arts again changes its purpose. The pupil begins to think of a vocation and wishes to become better acquainted with a definite type of work. He also has a desire to attain a certain degree of skill in the handling of tools and machinery and is willing to work toward that end. As indicated in an earlier paragraph, this is not vocational training but industrial arts with a rather broad and specialized content and purpose. It may be thought of as prevocational training. ADULT LEVEL The industrial-arts teacher is so trained that he can be helpful in many ways to the adults of the community. The age, training, and experience of the individual instructor will largely determine the type of assistance he will be able to give. His services will be largely of an advisory and leadership nature and may extend into several fields. One of the problems that faces each adult is the conservation of his income through wise buying and using of commercially produced products. The industrial-arts instructor is often able to assist the people of his community through advice on qualities, finishes, and designs in the purchase of such articles as furniture, tools, and machinery. His knowledge would also make his work of value in suggesting ways of cutting down expenditures about the home in such matters, for instance, as a slight repair to a window, a screen, or an electrical appliance, or perhaps in the construction of a dry well refrigerator. The aesthetic side of our lives is becoming more important as our leisure time increases. We naturally turn to the beautification of our homes and communities as we are permitted more freedom from our vocations. We also strive to make our social contacts more pleasant and profitable. The industrial-arts instructor may help in these efforts through his knowledge of such things as antiques, period furniture, color schemes, lawn furniture, etc. In some cases he may assist in the construction of stage properties for community plays and oper- 10 ettas. He might also take part in various other community activities, such as art clubs, music clubs, and garden clubs. A number of other activities in which the shop teacher may have a part are (1) community safety programs, (2) home and community recreational facilities, (3) home-building problems, (4) home workshops, and (5) courses for car drivers on the operation of vehicles in accordance with the existing traffic regulations. INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY TYPES GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY There are two chief types of shops in which industrial arts may be conducted. The first is the General Industrial Arts Laboratory or what is commonly known as the General Shop. This is a shop in which several different activities, such as drawing, woodwork, sheet metalwork, metal casting, and the like, are carried on simultaneously in one room under one instructor. As an agency for exploration, guidance, consumer and leisure-time education, it has no peer. When properly conducted, the General Industrial Arts Laboratory will do more to vitalize the education of public school pupils than any other one activity. It finds its more valuable place in the school where only one shop is justified. Another feature of this type of shop is that after the pupil has taken the regular course he may specialize in one or more particular kinds of work. Hence, it meets the needs of the pupil in the upper secondary school level as well as those of the pupil in the lower secondary level. UNIT INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY The other type of organization is called the Unit Industrial Arts Laboratory or what is commonly known as the Unit Shop. This is a laboratory in which one type of work or activity is carried on under one instructor. Several of these unit shops are taken together to form the industrial arts curriculum in any individual school. Thus, a boy may decide to specialize in woodwork, sheet metalwork, or machine shop and will take the course in a laboratory especially equipped for that particular activity. This setup is unique in its adaptation to the upper secondary level of the city high school where the enrollment is large enough to warrant several separate shops. Perhaps one further type of organization should be mentioned here. In the larger communities where the enrollment will permit, a number 11 of unit shops similar to those on the upper secondary level may be installed on the lower secondary level. The pupil is routed through these shops in such a manner that he comes in contact with all of the different types of work. The time spent in each unit is generally longer than experienced by the pupil in the General Industrial Arts Laboratory and consequently, he gets a more specialized course. However, the General Industrial Arts Laboratory may also function in the larger school in as much as it provides a place for exploratory work and helps in the guidance program. INDUSTRIAL ARTS ACTIVITIES When an industrial arts laboratory is to be installed, one of the first questions to be asked is: "What shall we teach?" Chief among the criteria for choosing the activities are (1) the aims and objectives, (2) the type of community, (3) the type and age of the student, and (4) the amount of money available. Under ordinary circumstances, it is wise to select three or four activities at the start and add others as conditions permit. The types of work chosen should be organized so that the result will be a unified and well-balanced course. The following list indicates types of work and suggested activities which are well adapted to the public schools of Georgia. TYPES OF ACTIVITIES Drafting and Planning Woodwork and Carpentry PROJECTS FOR SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES Sketching and drawing projects before they are constructed in the shop Plan and blueprint reading Bookracks Tables Necktie racks Footstools Breadboards Memorandum pads Feed troughs Self-feeders Chicken houses Stockhouses 12 Metalwork Art Metal Forging Metal Casting Metal Spinning Metal Turning Ornamental Iron Sheet metal eramics Letter opener Copper or pewter etched bowl Copper desk set Ash tray Cold chisel Andirons Ice tongs Hasp Meathook Clevis Trace hook Book ends Ash trays Lamp bases Bridge arms Bowls Plates Pitchers Punches Hammers Machine parts Magazine baskets Lamps Harness racks Shelf brackets Funnels Cooky cutters Sugar scoops Feed scoops Repair household utensils Bowls Vases Cream pitchers Sugar bowls Jugs 13 Ceramics--Continued Watering troughs Stepping stones Lawn benches Birdbaths Sidewalks General Mechanics Electricity Weaving and Basket Making Repair and refinish furniture Repair screens Replace window panes Sharpen edge tools Grind' cold chisels Bell wiring Drop cords Attachment cords Dry cell hookups Care of wet battery Radio Safety precautions Repair of house appliances Magazine baskets Chair bottoms Clothes hampers Rugs Bath towels Loom weaving Leather Work Billfolds Coin purses Key holders AI occasins Repair shoes Repair harness Plumbing Printing Cut and thread pipe Replace faucet washers Clean drain traps Adjust toilet tanks Programs Calling cards Stationery Handbills Tickets 14 Book Binding Block Printing Repair books Bind magazines Christmas cards Name plates Book plates Foundry patterns FLOOR PLANS The industrial arts laboratory may be housed in a spare classroom in the main school building, but it is highly desirable to have a separate building. This separate building will offer better lighting, allow for expansion, eliminate noise which may interfere with other classes. In some cases, an addition to an existing structure will suffice. Further suggestions and information in regard to shop plans and layouts may be obtained from other bulletins of this series, from South Georgia Teachers College, Collegeboro, Georgia, and from the Interstate School Building Service, George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee. In planning the industrial arts laboratory and equipping it, the following items* should be kept in mind: 1. The nature of the program of education to be carried on in such a shop 2. The type of community 3. The objectives of the course 4. The use the pupils will make of the training received 5. The types of projects available for training purposes 6. The possibilities of expanding the program 7. The number of students to be reached The minimum floor space for a general shop should not be less than 1,200 square feet, however, it is much more desirable to have from 1,600 to 2,400 square feet. *Shopwork for Rural High Schools, Bulletin No. 233. Lansing, Michigan: Control for Vocational Education. 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY References for Teachers and Administrators The following publications will be helpful to those interested in learning more about the industrial arts laboratory and to those who are planning to install such a department. Textbooks for the various kinds of work are listed for teachers and students throughout this bulletin and the series. Books and Bulletins Bonser, Frederick G., and Mossman, Lois C., Industrial Arts for Elementary Schools. Atlanta, Georgia: The Macmillan Co., 1936. $2.40. Ericson, Emanuel E., Teaching Problems in Industrial Arts. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press, 1930. $2.75. London, H. H., and Hostetler, Ivan, List of Equipment for a General Shop. College- boro, Georgia: South Georgia Teachers College, March, 1937. Newkirk, Louis V., and Stoddard, George D., The General Shop. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press, 1929. $1.75. Proffitt, Maris M., Industrial Arts, Its Interpretation in the American Schools (Re- port of a committee appointed by the Commissioner of Education.) Washington, D. C: U. S. Department of Interior, 1938. $ .15. Roehl, Louis M., Shop Management in Rural High Schools. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1934. $1.00. Selvidge, Robert W., and Fryklund, Verne C, Principles of Trade and Industrial Teaching. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press, 1930. $2.75. Vaughan, Samuel J., and Mays, Arthur B., Content and Methods of the Industrial Arts. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1924. $2.00. Magazines Home Craftsman. The Home Craftsman Publishing Corporation, 115 Worth Street, New York, New York. Industrial Arts and Vocational Education Magazine. The Bruce Publishing Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Yearly subscription, $2.50. Industrial Education Magazine. The Manual Arts Press, Peoria, Illinois. Yearly subscription, $2.50. Popular Home Craft. General Publishing Co., Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Yearly sub- scription, $2.50. 16 II. THE GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY As stated on page 11 the General Industrial Arts Laboratory will do more to vitalize the education of public school pupils than any other one activity. Through the construction of useful articles made of materials of industry students put to practical use knowledge gained by them in mathematics, science, and other subjects of the school curriculum. Students may construct a set of scenery, school furniture, some science laboratory accessories, athletic equipment, or similar material which lends itself to enrich many phases of the school program. SOME OBJECTIVES OF A GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY 1. To enable students to develop abilities in the manipulative processes and procedures in the construction and repair of things 2. To enable students to acquire the related knowledge to perform these processes correctly and intelligently 3. To enable students to develop the ability to select, purchase, and use the products of industry in everyday life 4. To enable students to acquire a knowledge of occupations associated with industry 5. To create in students a desire to do things around the home to improve their standard of living 6. To promote a desire in students to maintain in good condition the tools and other equipment about the home and to acquire other useful devices 7. To instill in students the dignity of honest work with one's hands 8. To furnish profitable and enjoyable use of one's leisure time RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that the general laboratory be introduced in the seventh, eighth, or ninth grade as an exploratory subject. After a 17 two-year exploratory period the student may be allowed to devote his entire time to one activity provided he receives the approval of his instructor. Areas of activities may be selected from the following list: 1. Drawing and planning 2. Woodwork 3. Metalwork 4. Electricity 5. Ceramics 6. Arts and crafts 7. General mechanics These activities as outlined should be used as a guide by the superintendent in making his selection for the curriculum and to aid the teacher in developing courses of study in the selected activities of which drawing and woodwork should be basic. The effectiveness of these activities will largely depend upon the ability of the teacher to recognize other projects, along with those suggested in the outline, which will satisfy the needs of the home, the school, and the community. 18 SCOPE: C H AF.T GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ARTS LABORATORY \ / WOOPWOI^K (l yy^ETALWo^K, if LLECTKICITY (SF^APHC AIine> Communications Pattern draftin Welding Industrial Architectural draffino Art meral Printing: block printing Metal casting m'l meooraphinb job pnntinO basketry Weavino Leathercraff Plastics Paintint Upholstery Glazing Harness repair Chair caning Plum bin / FACTORS <^> INFLUENCING- SELECTIONS \ Community needs Pupil needs Teacher ability Available equipment . -& N=fc=H o oo -o o o II I -^Pi HJ--^ I vktoopwoe.fc J5pacfor li^jf ~]ool I, 5ncsy MEjAb CoDcr^fc iJoor For for*.^ arta. FOEfilrtG Flat for ir&- u CERAMICS Jollth'rJ ^?.V,ALU INDUSTRIAL Auys LAEOEAJ-ORY II o l 1345 Fet 20 hi><} WoRBK^CH WITH .5T0RA6E LOCKED !(. -e-cf- i 0=^ TJ -17?- Xfecosls or bolfe roatjbe. used rn plact of TOorflie. aiTcI \tnoo joints 4 f*J'coood. ScCJIOAi A A 21 to PIPE 4- -ib- ^--- -34-i MECHANICAL DRAWING TA&LE to 03 A GENERAL LABORATORY BIBLIOGRAPHY For Teachers Books and Bulletins Course of Study in Industrial Arts for the Secondary Schools. Fresno, California: Fresno Public Schools, O. S. Hubbard, Superintendent. Guide to Curriculum, Improvement, Bulletin No. II. Atlanta, Georgia: State Department of Education. Hill, C. L., and Bollinger, J. W., Course of Study in Metalwork. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Industrial Art Department, Public Schools. Industrial Arts Monograph on Laboratory of Industries. Austin, Texas: State Department of Education, Trade and Industrial Division. Newkirk, Louis V., and Stoddard, George D., The General Shop. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press, 1929. $1.75. Proffitt, Maris M., Industrial Arts, Its Interpretation in the American Schools (Re- port of a committee appointed by the Commissioner of Education.) Washington, D. C: U. S. Department of Interior, 1938. $ .15. A Proposed Industrial Art Program for Junior and Senior High Schools. College Station, Texas: Department of Industrial Education, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. Shopwork for Rural High Schools, Bulletin No. 233. Lansing, Michigan: State Board of Control for Vocational Education. Magazine Industrial Arts and Vocational Education Magazine. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $2.50 per year, twelve editions. 24 III. DRAWING AND PLANNING The drawing and planning activity is to serve all the activities of the laboratory as a means of developing and planning projects which are to be made in the various activities. In addition to the regular unit in drawing and planning, much informal instruction will be given in this field while teaching the other activities. It is our objective to have the drawing unit parallel that of the other units being conducted in the laboratory; to use it as a graphic means in other activities. UNIT I: To introduce to the student the use of working drawings and their use in the various activities of the laboratory. To plan with the student the operations needed to carry a project to completion in other activities of the laboratory. This is to serve as an introduction to the General Industrial Arts Laboratory. LEARNING PROCESSES: Reading and measuring a scale to sixteenths; common scales; simple billing; theory of a working drawing; use of a graphic language; freehand working sketches; need of procedure in working a job; order of operation of beginning projects or exercises in other activities. TOOLS AND MATERIALS: Pencil, paper, scale or ruler, job outlines with drawing, compass. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Need of a standard mensuration; research and investigation for planning of projects in other fields or activities; units of measure; need of orderly planning in all endeavor. SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Draw lines of given lengths; draw lines to scale; study drawings of projects to be made in other activities of the laboratory; make out simple bill of material; plan simple projects in wood, metal, electrieity, etc. UNIT II: To make finished pencil drawings involving the use of the draftsmen's tools. To develop in the student the need of accurately drawn projects to be made. 25 LEARNING PROCESS: Use and care of drawing instruments and equipment; line alphabet; theory of orthographic projection; lettering; geometrical problems. TOOLS AND MATERIALS: Drawing paper, pencil, scale, drawing board, 45 triangle, 30-60 triangle, eraser, T square, thumb tacks, set of instruments. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: New words to vocabulary, history of writing and lettering, application of geometric principles to all activities of the shop; kinds of paper, kinds of pencils; correct spoken English laboratory. SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Tool exercises; lettering practices, simple objects in orthographic projection, simple projects in orthographic projection, exercises in geometrical problems. Pupil is to be stimulated by instructor to bring in sketches of articles and projects needed about the home, farm, school, and community which can be made in industrial arts laboratory. UNIT III: To introduce to the student how to make simple sheet metal or pattern layouts by the radial and parallel line methods. This unit should work with the Metalwork unit on beginning sheet metal. LEARNING PROCESSES: Orthographic projection; radial method of surface development; parallel line method of surface development; sections; true length line; auxiliary views. TOOLS AND MATERIALS: See Unit 2. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Industrial processes of manufacture of kinds of sheet metal: copper, terne plate, tin plate, galvanized iron, etc. Mathematics of cylinders and circles; effect of metals on foods; selection of roofing materials. SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Make developments of following: funnel, measuring cups of different units, fruit jar filler, flared pan, water and milk buckets, baking pan, birdhouses, bait box, flower box, nail boxes, pipe intersections, elbows, pitched covers for buckets, elliptical pan, grocer's scoop. UNIT IV: A continuation of Unit 3 with the addition of development of simple projects by triangulation. This unit may be a continuation of Unit 3 without triangulation, depending on local conditions. LEARNING PROCESSES: Dividing the surface of an object into a series of triangles; determine true lengths of triangle sides; orderly procedure for development. 26 TOOLS AND MATERIALS: See Unit 2. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Overview of types of workers in industry who use pattern drafting; new words to vocabulary; science used in production of sheet metal. SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Offset funnel, gasoline cans, radiator filling can, sprinkler can, fishing tackle box, transition pieces, furnace boots, tool trays, wastepaper baskets. UNIT V: To introduce to the student some symbols and conventions used in house planning; to stimulate for the improvement of the living conditions of rural Georgia. It is desirable to use this along with wood industries unit on elementary carpentry. LEARNING PROCESSES: Developing a simple floor plan; symbols and conventions; theory of orthographic projection as used in building plans; developing an elevation. TOOLS AND MATERIAL-. See Unit 2. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: Sizes and shapes of rooms; door and window sizes; need of symbols and conventions; new words; write letters for trade information; sizes of common building materials; kinds and uses of outside paint. SUGGESTED PROBLEMS: Make a set of drawings for the following: garage, barn, scout shack, small store, poultry house, tool house, dog kennel, farm shop, filling station, smokehouse, tobacco barn, sanitary privy, fishing shack, etc. UNIT VI: The preceding units are suggestive. The material presented in drawing and planning unit will largely be determined by the other activities offered in the laboratory. The content of the laboratory should be so plastic as to reach interest of all; drawing often serves as an excellent means. A suggested list of fields from which units in drawing may be taken to fit in with other activities of the laboratory, and to serve as units of work for advance pupils whose interest lies in the field of drawing: 1. Continuation of work covered or introduced a. Various types of working drawings b. Sheet metal or pattern drafting c. House planning and building construction 2. Machine drafting 3. Freehand drawing 27 4. Charts and graphs 5. Plumbing diagrams 6. Electrical diagrams 7. Furniture and cabinet making 8. Rendering 12. Blueprinting and tracing 9. Topographical 13. Marine 10. House models 14. Aeronautical 11. Structural 15. Commercial art a. Show cards b. Cartooning c. Illustrating COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TOOL 8" 30-60 triangle Triangular boxwood scale 2H Drawing pencil *Stools UNIT COST NUMBER NEEDED MINIMUM COST AVERAGE COST MAXIMUM COST $.15 6 .15 6 .30 6 .25.50.70 6 .05 6 .05 6 .55 6 .15 6 8.00 12.50 6 $.90 .90 1.80 1.50 .30 .30 .90 $.90 .90 1.80 3.00 .30 .30 3.30 $.90 .90 1.80 4.20 .30 .30 3.30 51.00 75.00 $6.60 $61.50 $86.70 *Suitable drawing tables and stools, also drawing aoards, mOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See pages 80-1. 78 RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: A. Part I 1. Clay a. Consistency 2. Wheels a. Speeds 3. Hands a. Their part 4. Designs a. Types 3. Styles a. Tiles b. Mosaic 4. Design 5. Decoration 6. Firing a. Temperature 5. Firing a. Temperature 6. Use of cones 7. Damp box B. Part II 1. Clay a. Type b. Consistency 7. Glazing a. Dipping b. Brush c. Spray d. Pour 8. Kiln a. Types 2. Moulds a. Kinds b. Washers (1) Dusting powder (2) Glass (3) Leather (4) Brown paper 9. Biscuit a. Explain 10. Glost a. Explain SUGGESTED PROJECTS: See page 80 UNIT III: LEARNING PROCESSES: Moulding with Plaster Moulds 1. Casting a. Slip b. Pour c. Trim d. Set e. Remove f. Dry g. Glaze h. Decorate i. Fire 2. Pressing a. Cut b. Sponge (1) Clay (2) Mould c. Roughen d. Paints (1) Slip e. Press f. Remove g. Dry h. Finish or fire TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See pages 80-1. 79 RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: 1. Slip a. Preparation b. Types c. Uses 2. Moulds a. Purchase b. To be made c. Types and kinds 3. Casting a. Slip b. Plaster 4. Flint dust a. Use 5. Clay a. Consistency 6. Wetting a. All parts 7. Glazing a. Pour b. Brush c. Dip d. Spray 8. Firing a. Temperatures b. Size of object 9. Cones 10. Designs 11. Decoration 12. Kiln 13. Biscuit a. Explain 14. Glost a. Explain SUGGESTED PROJECTS FOR ALL UNITS: One coil bowls, model animals, bowls from lump of clay, incised designs, tiles, plaques, multiple coil bowls and vases, designed bowls and vases, using glazes, lamp bases. Pottery ceramic kiln Pottery grinder Potter's wheel Brushes Scrapers Potter's knives Plaster knives Sprayer Steel disks Modeling tools 1. Wire 2. Wood 3. Steel Rolling pin Mortar pestle Ground glass COST OF TOOLS $17.50 to $400.00 To be made To be made .20 .25 Optional .85 .75 .75 To be made .80 80 EQUIPMENT Shelves and props Glazes Potter's clay Plaster of Paris Cones and slits Bronze wire cloth, 120 mesh Bronze wire cloth, 80 mesh Kiln wash Grog Dishpans Crocks a. Assorted Spoon High temperature cements Sieves Zinc lime clay cupboard BIBLIOGRAPHY Binns, Charles F., The Potter's Craft. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc. $2.50. Bonser, Frederick G., and Mossman, Lois C, Industrial Arts for Elementary Schools. Atlanta, Georgia: The Maemillan Co. $2.40. Cox, George J., Pottery. Atlanta, Georgia: The Macmillan Co. $1.75. Gall, Irma M., and Van Etta, Vivian M., Art of Pottery. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.35. Lunn, Dora, Pottery in the Making. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $2.75. Varnum, William C, Industrial Arts Design (Revised). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $4.00. 81 VIII. ARTS AND CRAFTS BASKETRY UNIT I: REED LEARNING PROCESSES: 1. Fundamental weaves a. Over and under b. Double over and under c. Japanese d. Double Japanese e. Pairing f. Triple g. Coil h. Arrow 2. Borders a. Open border or simple scallop b. Scallop c. Trac (single stake) d. Trac (double stake) e. Three rod plain border f. Four rod plain border g. Plaited border h. Foot border 3. Handles a. Plaited 3 rod 3 stroke b. Twisted c. Twisted ring d. Endless plaited ring e. Plaited 9 rods 3. Handles--Continued f. Special handles using cane also 4. Bases a. Woven only (1) Round (2) Oval (3) Oblong (4) Rectangle b. Wooden (1) All start with stake at 90 5. Hinging 6. Fastenings 7. Line 8. Padding 9. Designs of projects 10. Decorations 11. Finish 12. Enamel 13. Glass 14. Forms 15. Attached handler 82 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: 1. Pliers a. Round nose b. Flat nose 2. Diagonal cutters 3. Bodkin a. Large bent b. Regular 4. Shears 5. Bradawl 6. Knife 7. Rapping iron 8. Screw block a. To be made by instructor 9. Singing lamp 10. Water container for soaking reeds 11. Ruler or tape measure 12. Paintbrushes 13. Needles RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: 1. Technical Terms a. Stakes b. Bye-stakes c. Upsetting d. Randing e. Turn of a basket f. Border g. Mending h. Mending spoke 2. Reed a. Source b. Uses 3 Types of reed a. Round b. Flat c. Flat oval d. Split reed 4 Measuring of baskets 5. Decorative material a. Silk paper b. Milkweed pods c. Assorted natural or dyed grass d. Butterflies e. Transfers 6. Working knowledge of woodwork 7. Wetting reed 8. Lining a. Cloth b. Cardboard c. Cotton d. Thread 9. Making forms 10. Jigs which aid weaver a. Turntable b. Assorted clamps SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Small sandwich tray, boudoir wastepaper basket, lamp shade, darning basket with cover, fruit basket--all shapes, garden basket, large sandwich tray, base and standard for lamp, trays --all shapes, ash tray stands, shopping basket (oblong), luncheon basket. 83 UNIT I: RAFFIA LEARNING PROCESSES: 1. Knots a. Solomon 2. Wrap 3. Sew 4. Basket stitch a. Navaho b. Mariposa 5. Weave a. Navaho b. Lazy squaw 6. Line a. All work as necessary (1) Cutting (2) Sewing (3) Drawstring (4) Installation TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See page 86. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: 1. Raffia a. Source b. Uses 2. Reed a. Sources b. Uses 3. Washing raffia 4. Dyeing raffia 5. Finishing 6. Working knowledge a. Different sewing stitches SUGGESTED PROJECTS : Twine holder, shopping bag, workbag. UNIT I: NATIVE MATERIALS LEARNING PROCESSES: Knowledge of the following Georgia ma- terials: Honeysuckle vine Pine needles Sweet grass Oak splints Willow splints Due to a great abundance of free supplies to be found throughout our state, the cost of preparing them is negligible and very few tools are needed. Therefore, it is recommended that this unit be used where basketry is taught. The weaving parallels the course on weaving of reed in regard to learning units, and what is given here is mainly preparation of the native materials prior to weaving. 84 Arts and crafts industries can be greatly enriched by the instructor with supplies furnished by nature. UNIT I: HONEYSUCKLE VINE LEARNING PROCESSES: Learning processes are the same as those for reed, and refer to them for what information you desire. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: Sharp knife, tapeline or yardstick, scissors, sandpaper, tub. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: 1. Gathering a. Size (1) Small (2) Medium (3) Large b. When (1) Months c. Grows (1) Everywhere d. Place (1) Undisturbed (a) Ditchbanks 2. Removing skin a. Water bath (1) Boiling (a) Lye (2) Time b. Stripping (1) Coarse cloth c. Dry 3. Trimming a. Knots imperfection (1) Cut b. Leaf imperfection (1) Cut c. Sandpaper (1) Entire length 4. Storing a. Dry b. Hank (1) Round type (2) Long hanging c. Sizes (1) Keep sizes together 5. Finishing a. Enamel b. Varnish c. Paints d. Shellac UNIT I: LEARNING PROCESSES: 1. Prepare a. Needles (1) Remove (a) Sheath (2) Fume b. Raffia PINE NEEDLES 2. Coil 3. Stitch a. Types (1) Spiral (2) Tie (3) Fern (4) Wheat 85 LEARNING PROCESSES :--Continued 4. Add a. Needles b. Raffia c. Extra stitches 5. Attach a. Handles 6. Sew 7. Roll a. Raffia b. Needles 8. Finish top of weave 9. Starts a. Oval b. Round 10. Finish a. Shellac b. Varnish TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: 1. Sewing needles a. Large 2. Knife 3. Scissors 4. Brushes a. Paint or varnish 5. Container for wetting RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION : 1. Needles a. Sources b. Length c. Uses d. Found 2. Dyeing 3. Raffia a. Source b. Uses 4. Design a. Color b. Combinations c. Decorations d. Shapes (1) Project made 5. Sewing a. Twine b. Raffia 6. Handles a. Types SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Mats, vase holders, trays, baskets, ornaments. COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR RAFFIA TOOL 5 Container for wetting raffia 7. Paintbrushes to be purchased locally. PRICE PER UNIT $ .40 1.35 .15 1.04 .15 $ 3.09 8 SWEET GRASS Sweet grass is a substitute material for pine needles. Instructors should proceed in the same way as with pine needles. OAK SPLINTS WILLOW SPLINTS Oak splints and willow splints are used to supplant reed. Reed comes ready for use whereas the instructor must prepare his splints. For Students BIBLIOGRAPHY Blanchard, Mary N., The Basketry Book. Atlanta, Georgia: Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.00. For Teachers Crampton, Charles, Canework. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $2.25 Marten, William S., Inexpensive Basketry. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .65. Worst, Edward F., Industrial Work for the Middle Grades. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1919. $3.50. SOURCE OF MATERIALS FOR ALL PARTS The American Reedcraft Corporation, 130 Beekman St., New York, N. Y. Grand Rapids Fibre Cord Co., 609 Myrtle St., Grand Rapids, Mich. UNIT I: LEARNING PROCESSES: 1. Lace 2. Skive 3. Cut 4. Draw designs 5. Draw patterns 6. Trace a. Patterns b. Design LEATHER WORK 7. Carve 8. Tool 9. Distinguish kinds of leather 10. Sew a. Hand b. Machine 87 LEARNING PROCESSES:--Continued 11. Fasteners a. Snap b. Talon zippers 12. Braid 13. Emboss 14. Crease 15. Stiffen 16. Gusset 17. Dye 18. Handles on projects 19. Finish 20. Punch holes 21. Stamp 22. Inlay 23. Overlay or applique 24. Stain 25. Glue TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT: See pages 89-90. RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: 1. Sources of leather a. Cowhide b. Steerhide c. Calfskin d. Elk skin e. Pigskin f. Ostrich skin g. Sheepskin h. Sharkskin i. Alligator hide j. Goatskin 2. Printed or stamped hides a. Imitation or real hides b. Modern designs or grained c. Varied grained 3. Imitation leather a. Fabrikoid (E. C. Dupont & Co.) 4. Lacing leather a. Real b. Fabrikoid 5. Lining leather a. Sources b. Uses 6. Carving leather a. Sources b. Uses 7. Tooling leather a. Sources b. Uses 8. Uses of leather 9. Study of design 10. Braiding a. Types--open ends (1) Flat (2) Round (3) Square (4) End (5) Knot b. Type--blind end (1) Mostly flat 11. Tanning a. Kinds (1) Buck (2) Chrome (3) Vegetable b. Uses of various kinds 12. Sewing or stitching a. Back b. Running stitch c. Saddlers' stitch 13. Template a. Uses 14. Making a cutting board 88 15. Glue a. Kinds 16. Stiffen materials a. Lightweight buckram b. Heavyweight buckram 17. Dyeing a. Sources b. Kinds of leather 18. Finishing materials a. Wax b. Polish 19. Lacing leather stitches a. Running stitch b. Whip stitch c. Double whip stitch d. Buttonhole stitch e. Layover stitch SUGGESTED PROJECTS: 1. Lanyard 2. Dog leash 3. Pocketbooks 4. Key holders 5. Sewing kits 6. Cigarette cases 7. Belts 8. Moccasins 9. Notebook covers 10. Book end covers 20. Stamps a. Homemade b. Factory made 21. Inlaying a. Sealing wax b. Leather 22. Terminology 23. Miscellaneous a. Snap fasteners b. Eyelets c. Buckles d. Key containers e. Celluloid 24. Stuffing 11. Picture frame cover 12. Portfolio 13. Brief case 14. Billfold 15. Camera case 16. Tool case 17. License holders 18. Tobacco pouch 19 Rider's crop 20. Table cover 21. Eyeglass case COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TOOL Modeling tool Modeling tool Modeling tool Modeling tool Double ball end modeling tool Leather background stamps Tracing tool CATALOGUE NO. PRICE (unit) S-2540 $ .35 S-2541 35 S-2542 35 S-2543 35 S-2544 35 Made by instructor.. . S-2557 20 89 COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT--Continued Edge beveler Scratch awl Fid awl Leather worker's knife Bevel point skiving knife Incising knife Square point leatherwork knife Extension knife blades and handle Hand embossing holder and wheel set Polished steel square 7" x 14 " Stitch spacer Thonging chisel (4 prong) Wood creaser Six tube revolving head punch Extra tubes for the above head punch Mallets Thong needles (pkg. 25) Egg eye harness needles (pkg. 25) Eyelet setter--small Eyelet setter--large Snap button fastener Oil stones Rulers (steel) 12" Spring dividers 6" Lacing pliers Cutting board Paint brushes S-2558 S-2559 S-2560 S-2565 S-2566 S-2567 S-2568 S-2560 S-2576 S-2577 S-2578 S-2579 S-2582 S-2592 S-2593 Made by instructor. S-2605 S-2606 S-2608 S-2610 S-2611 S-2616 S-2618 S-2619 S-2621 Made by instructor. Purchase locally .35 .20 .25 .65 .40 .50 .25 1.50 set 5.00 set .30 .45 .60 .45 1.75 .20 .80 .50 .15 .15 .95 .25 .30 .90 1.25 $20.05 The writers call attention to the fact that William Dixon, Inc., catalogue numbers are used because they are easily available to all teachers and give a fairly average price, with clean-cut illustrations of all tools. The Foley-Tripp Co., is also quoted as to prices; their prices being a fair average. However, many other manufacturers also have similar merchandise or equal. For Students BIBLIOGRAPHY Decker, Maurice H., Working with Leather. 55-79 East Tenth Street, St. Paul, Minnesota: Webb Book Publishing Co. $ .25. For Teacher Leland, Charles G., Leather Work. Newark, New Jersey: William Dixon, Inc. $1.50. Mickel, Adelaide, Leather Work. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .85. Projects in Leather. 2 Park Ave., New York: Boy Scouts of America. Turner, Herbert, Artistic Leather Craft. 2-6 West 45th St., New York: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons. $1.50. 90 SOURCE OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS William Dixon, Inc., 32-34-36 E. Kinney St., Newark, N. J. Foley-Tripp Co., 193 William Street, New York, N. Y. Graton & Knight Co., Worcester, Mass. W. A. Hall & Son, 99 Bedford St., Boston, Mass. Osborn Brothers Supply Co., Inc., 223 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Universal School of Handicrafts, Inc., Rockefeller Center, 1270 Sixth Ave., New York, N. Y. Wilder and Company, 1038 Crosby St., Chicago, 111. CANING AND FIBER WORK UNIT I: Weaving with Single Strand Relation of Mesh to Size of Cane LEARNING PROCESSES: 1. Gage 2. Template a. Layout (1) Regular shape (2) Irregular shape b. Locate (1) Holes (a) Regular shape (b) Irregular shape 3. Transpose a. Template (1) Object 4. Bore a. Holes (1) Countersink (a) Bottom 5. Cane a. Prepare b. Fundamental weave (1) Seven step caning 6. Finish UNIT II: MACHINE WOVEN CANING LEARNING PROCESSES: 1. Gage a. Object 2. Layout 3. Groove 4. Cut a. Cane b. Reed spline 5. Glue 6. Trim 7. Finish 91 RELATED AND CORRELATED INFORMATION: 1. Cane a. Source b. Uses c. Grades--Size in M /M (1) Superfine (2) Fine fine (3) Fine (4) Narrow medium (5) Medium (6) Common (7) Binding l%" 2" 2 2/2" 2% " 3" V/2" 5^" to 5%" 2. Reed spline a. Sources b. Uses c. Sizes (1) 7 to 10 including 3^ sizes 3. Webbing a. Machine-made b. Source of cane c. Uses d. Styles (1) Open cane webbing (a) Mesh and grade Yz,"--superfine 7/ie"--fine fine H"-fine 9/&"--narrow medium y&"--medium (2) Closed woven cane webbing (a) Uses 4. Practice chair caning frames exhibition a. To show 7 steps of fundamental weaving 5. Finishing a. Shellac b. Varnish c. Singe if necessary SUGGESTED PROJECTS: Panels, chair seats, screen, repairing of caned furniture. 92 COST OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TOOL Ruler Square Bits: a. M," b. H' Brace Countersink Knife Pegs: a. Wooden 1. Made in shop Water container: a. Soaking cane Scratch awl Chisel Mallet Hand router Snips PRICE PER UNIT $ .60 2.50 .38 .34 4.50 .25 .35 .10 .63 .33 .72 .54 $11.24 BIBLIOGRAPHY CONSOLIDATED FOR BASKETRY CANING AND FIBER WORK LEATHER UPHOLSTERY Bast, Herbert, Essentials of Upholstery. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $1.60. Blanchard, Mary M., The Basketry Book. Atlanta, Georgia: Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.00. Boy Scout Bulletins Crampton, Charles, Canework. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $2.25. Decker, Maurice H., Working with Leather. 55-79 East Tenth Street, St. Paul, Minnesota: Webb Book Publishing Co. $ .25. Government Bulletins Hill, Basketry of Native Mississippi Materials. Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, Bulletin No. 22, March, 1923. Home Upholstery, Fabrikoid Division. New York: E. I. Dupont & Co. Johnson, Emil A., Furniture Upholstery. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.25. Martin, William S., Inexpensive Basketry. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .65. 93 Mersereau, Samuel F., Materials of Industry. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. $2.00. Mickel, Adelaide, Leather Work. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .85. Mochvie, Elsie, New Leatherwork Decorations. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.00. Newkirk, Louis V., The General Shop. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $1.75. Perry, L. Day, Seat Weaving. Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $ .80. Seager, Charles W., Upholstered Furniture. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $2.00. Turner, Herbert, Artistic Leather Craft. 2-6 West 45th St., New York: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons. $1.50. Tustison, F. E., Job Sheets in Home Mechanics. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. Set I, Loose Leaf, 39 jobs, $ .64; Set II, Loose Leaf, 16 jobs, $ .36. Varnum, William C, Industrial Arts Design (Revised). Peoria, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. $4.00. Wood, Harry E., and Smith, J. H., Prevocational and Industrial Arts. 31 East 10th St., New York: Mentzer, Bush & Co. $1.50. Worst, Edward F., Industrial Arts for the Middle Grades. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1919. $3.50. , Problems in Woodwork. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Bruce Publishing Co. $2.50. SOURCES OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS The American Reedcraft Corporation, 130 Beekman St., New York, N. Y. Brodhead-Garrett Co., 4560-4570 East 71st St., Station D, Cleveland, Ohio. Gebhart Supply Co., 10 N. Water St., Milwaukee, Wis. Local Merchants Lussky, White & Coolidge, Inc., 65 to 71 West Lake St., Chicago, 111. Upholstery Supply Co., 1033 N. Fourth St., Milwaukee, Wis. 94 IX. MINIMUM COST OF TOOLS FOR EACH ACTIVITY SECTION I. Drawing and Planning $ 6.60 SECTION II. Woodwork Hand Woodwork Machine Woodwork Upholstery 52.63 219.20 15.90 SECTION III. Metalwork Bench Metal Sheet Metal Forging Art Metal Metal Casting Plumbing 26.26 56.39 53.10 24.53 28.80 11.37 SECTION IV. Electricity 37.43 SECTION V. Ceramics 1. Bricklaying 2. Concrete 3. Pottery 12.10 14.97 5.00 SECTION VI. Arts and Crafts 1. Basketry 2. Leather 3. Caning 3.09 20.05 11.24 NOTE : The above is the minimum cost of tools for each individual activity. After the four or more activities have been selected that are to be offered, the individual tool lists should be checked to eliminate duplicate tools. For example, pliers may appear in several of the tool lists of the activities selected, but should not be duplicated in the combined lists of those activities. To secure the most favorable prices on tools and equipment bids should be secured from three or more dealers. In preparing one's bids care should be taken to fully describe the article desired in order to prevent substitution of inferior merchandise. It is advisable to see that the local merchant has an opportunity to submit a bid for all equipment purchased. The members of the Georgia Industrial Arts Association offer their services in checking tool and equipment lists prior to the calling for bids, or to advise in the selection of tools and equipment where one has a very limited budget. 95 X. FREE AND INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS Catalogues Atlanta Oak Flooring Co., 920 Glenwood Ave., N. E., Atlanta, Ga. Veneers, panels and kiln dried hardwood, white pine. Brodhead-Garrett Co., 4560 East 71st St., Cleveland, Ohio. General Catalogue General industrial arts tools and supplies, including lumber. The Bruce Publishing Company, 524-544 North Alilwaukee St., Milwaukee, Wis. Textbooks, reference books. Delta Manufacturing Co., 600 East Vienna Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Light woodworking machinery. Eugene Dietzgen Co., 318 Camp St., New Orleans, La. Drawing tools, supplies and equipment. William Dixon, Inc., 32-34-36 East Kinney St., Newark, N. J. General Catalogue Art metal, arts and crafts supplies. John Duer & Sons, Inc., 36 South Charles St., Baltimore, Md. Catalogue S Lussky, White & Coolidge, Inc., 65 to 71 West Lake St., Chicago, 111. Catalogue J General industrial arts tools and supplies, except lumber. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 330 West 42nd St., New York, N. Y. Textbooks, reference books. The Manual Arts Press, Peoria, 111. General Catalogue Textbooks, reference books. The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Co., Southington, Conn. General Catalogue Sheet metal, tools and machines. The Frederick Post Company, P. O. Box 803, Chicago, 111. Drawing tools, supplies and equipment. South Bend Lathe Works, 425 East Madison St., South Bend, Ind. Catalogue No. 95 Machine lathes and attachments. 96 Stanley Tools, Educational Department, New Britain, Conn. Catalogue No. 34 Tools: woodwork, metal (forging), mason, auto body. Charts Abrasives. Behr-Manning Co., Troy, N. Y. (Division of Norton Company.) Tool Uses. Stanley Tools, Educational Department, New Britain, Conn. Tool Uses. Henry Disston and Sons, Inc., Unruh and Milnor Sts., Tacony, Philadelphia, Penn. Pamphlets Manual of Carpentry and Catalogue. American Steel and Wire Co., 101 Marietta St., N. W., Atlanta, Ga. National Lumber Manufacturers Association, 1337 Connecticut Ave., Washington, D. C, Lumber Exchange Co. Smith, Homer J., Teaching Aids for the Asking. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1928. $ .50. Steel Square. Stanley Tools, Educational Department, New Britain, Conn. Use and Care of Drawing Instruments. Eugene Dietzgen Co., 318 Camp St., New Orleans, La. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Bulletins on the following structures: Poultry house construction Dairy and general purpose barn Swine houses (Stockhouses) Grain storage buildings Farm residences Implement sheds Ice houses Silos Garages Preservative treatment of farm timbers 97 i