Georgia alert; a look at education's role today, 1967 September - 1968 August

ON BOARD ...
No Changes Until Standards Applied
Georgia's Board of Education at its August session ruled out any changes in Standards until they have been applied and evaluated.
Standards are to be officially applied to the state's schools and school systems for the first time this month. The Board heard Miss Anne Alford, band and music instructor at North Habersham High School, request that the Standard prohibiting marching band practice during school hours be waived in the case of North Habersham High School.
The Board denied her request, explaining that to begin altering the Standards before they have been officially applied might invalidate the results of the survey which is scheduled this year. The Board promised to consider her request when the Standards are reviewed later this year. The same decision was given in the case of a request that Tallulah Falls School be designated a "special school."
In other action the Board: dismissed a motion for reconsideration of its earlier decision favoring consolidation of certain schools in Carroll County, on the grounds that the State Board no longer has jurisdiction in the matter; denied an appeal by Wilbur L. Johnson of Lawrenceville, who contended that he had been improperly discharged from his teaching position at Lawrenceville Elementary School by the Gwinnett County Board of Education; denied, on the grounds of no jurisdiction, appeals by teachers in Newton County and Oayton County concerning contract renewals; passed a resolution in memory of and praising the
(continued on page 7)

UN v::'"'

. GEORGIA

OCT 5 1987J,
Education's Role Today

Volume 2, No. 1

Teacher Vacancies Down Over Last Year
Georgia youngsters returning to public schools this month found more teachers, more classmates and more new classrooms than ever before.
An estimated 1,181,537 students are enrolled this year, an increase of 21 ,500 over last year.
The perennial shortage of teachers appears less severe this year than in the past. A Department of Education survey of local school superintendents revealed 951 vacancies in 166 reporting systems as of Aug. 10, an average of about 6 per system. At the same time last year, 158 systems reported 1,709 vacancies-an average of about 11 per system.
Superintendent of Schools Jack Nix, pleased with the encouraging report on teacher vacancies, attributed it to the Governor's and the General Assembly's recognition of the importance of education in giving a $700 teacher raise effective this year. An additional $558 raise is promised for next year.
"In addition," said the Superintendent, "efforts of the University System to provide more teachers are paying off. Georgians everywhere are recognizing the importance of education, and the status and image of the teacher are rising. The NEA sanctions in Florida, too, have been of some help in recruitment of teachers this year."
The $700 teacher salary raise, the biggest single pay hike in the state's history, brings Georgia's average teacher salary to $6,595 this year. Beginning teachers are making $4,800. The state will have an estimated 45,220 teachers when all positions are filled this year.
The 1908 schools in the state put into operation an estimated 1,131 new classrooms. The number of schools is down from last year, since more schools have been consolidated than have been built.
Georgia law provides that schools observe the following days either by holidays or appropriate exercises: Thanksgiving Day (last Thursday in November), Uncle Remus Day (Dec. 9), Lee's Birthday (Jan. 19), Georgia Day (Feb. 12), Washington's Birthday (Feb. 22), Arbor and Bird Day (third Friday in February (Apr. 26), Alexander H. Stephens' ford W. Long's Birthday.

INSIDE
EDUCATION

11 Millio Dollar Los

with State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - ---

Did you know that Georgia schools lost $11 million last year?
Money which could have been well spent for any number of educational programs in the state and for the benefit of our children was sent back to the State Treasury as if it were not needed. It is almost as if every Superintendent in the State paid $45.73 into the State Treasury for each teacher on his staff.
How did this happen, when education so badly needs every available dollar?
At the end of fiscal year 1967, we had almost $8 million left in the fund for teacher salaries. This amount reverted to the State Treasury, because we did not have the legal right to spend it for anything except teacher salaries. In addition, $2.5 million in funds for mid-term adjustment lapsed in the same way.
Here is how it happened: When the biennial budget was proposed in the fall of 1964, figures indicated school systems in the state, on the basis of average daily attendance, would earn 43,125 teachers and other certificated personnel for the 1966-67 school year. When teachers were allotted, however, on the basis of true average daily attendance, they actually earned only 42 ,751. As a result , the salaries set aside for 374 positions were not paid. In addition, as you know, we faced a critical teacher shortage last year. We needed an average of 400 teachers who could not be found, but who were allotted to systems and whose salaries were in the education budget. The total salaries of these 774 teachers not employed amounted to $3,583,764 of the lapsed funds. Also, $4 million was brought forward from fiscal 1966 with the express understanding with the Governor and the Budget Bureau that these funds would not be used unless they were needed to finance the salary schedule for teachers. The formula in the Minimum Foundation Program law

for computing the average daily attendance on whi
teachers are allotted anticipates increases in average d attendance and takes into account average reductions increases over a five-year period. For this reason, number of teachers earned for the mid-term adjustme in 1966-67 was less than could have been anticipat when the budget was developed in the fall of 1964. fact accounts for the $2,509,830 in mid-term adjustme funds which lapsed.
Lapsed funds for all other budget items of the Depart ment of Education amounted to only $1,248,009. small amount reflects the Department's careful, conscie tious efforts to handle its funds as efficiently as possible
The total amount of lapsed funds was $11,331,603 That is almost 2 percent of the total State budget for ed cation for the two-year budget period 1965-67. If th needed teachers could have been found, the amount woul have been reduced almost 2 percent.
The same situation has occurred repeatedly in the pas During the last year of the Sanders administration the was a similar sum of money left over. Governor Sanders however, instead of taking the money back into the Sta Treasury, used it to finance a teacher raise.
I believe that the State Board of Education should hav enough latitude in the administration of the State appr priation for education to use the funds which are appt~ priated for the best interest of education in the State.
If we had been permitted to do so, we could have rna good use of the funds which lapsed. The sum of $1 million would have meant a tremendous boost in the ar of maintenance and operation and salaries for substitu teachers. The State Board of Education, the Departm and I ask your support in a concerted effort to keep from happening again in the future. We can all se Georgia school children better with a more flexible pi for disbursement of education funds.

Area Schools Enroll 34,000 Students

More than 34,000 persons are enrolled in classes which began Aug. 14 at Georgia's 23 area vocational-technical schools.
Several new courses are being offered for the first time this year, including one and two year programs in marketing and management, courses in instrumentation technology, food service technology and forest technology.
Page 2

The new Atlanta school, which began operation this year in facilities of the old Hoke Smith Technical School, will move into its new quarters off the South Expressway later this fall. The Atlanta school offers more than 40 courses in technology, business education, health occupations and skilled trades.
Its new quarters will consist of two

modern buildings housing 40 shops, classrooms, 22 laboratories and ei drafting rooms, plus a library, c!U teria, clinic, conference room and a ministrative area.
Georgia began its area school P gram six years ago in September, 196 Today, there are 23 schools in ope tion representing an investment more than $50 million in facilities equipment.

LUNCH LINES

Governor L ester Maddox proclaims School Lunch Week as Superintendent Jack P. Nix, Miss Josephine Martin, right,
Chief Consultant, School Food Service; and Mrs. Irene Collins, President, Georgia School Food Service Association, look on.

School Lunch Week Slated In October

Georgia will observe School Lunch Week October 8-14 with activities which will emphasize the theme, "School Lunch Teaches Good Food Habits." Special activities will include food displays, special menus, inviting guests to school, nutrition charts, and others. (Governor Lester Maddox has signed a proclamation making the observance official.)
Superintendent Jack P. Nix will distribute to system superintendents certificates of achievement for those schools that have obtained a student participation rate in school lunch of 88 per cent or higher.
Georgia is among the top five states

in the nation in school lunch participation. The state's efforts were boosted during the legislative session in 1967 when House Bill 160 was passed and later signed by Governor Maddox. The law authorizes the State Board of Education to prescribe appropriate rules and regulations that there may be included, as part of the program of every public school in this state, a course of instruction in nutrition, hygiene, etiquette, and social graces relating to the partaking of meals. The 1967 Curriculum Framework for Georgia Schools, (a guide to curriculum planning) provides information upon which nutrition education activities may be developed.

Attorney General's Opinions
Georgia Laws (1967) pp. 481-82 does not impose upon boards of education of independent (i.e. municipal) school systems the requirement to publish certain fiscal statements and records of the school systems which they operate and maintain. The relevant portion of the law reads:
"As soon as practicable after the close of its relative fiscal year ... the governing body of each municipality shall cause to be published in the municipality . .. a general balance sheet and statement of revenues and expenditures showing all municipal accounts as of the close of such preceding fiscal year . " (italics added)
~ I

Governor's Conference Studies Future Steps
"Next Steps in Education . . ." is the theme of the 1967 Governor's Conference on Education, slated Sept. 27-28 at the Biltmore Hotel in Atlanta.
Governor Lester Maddox will lead off the conference Wednesday evening with a banquet address. State Superintendent of Schools Dr. Jack P. Nix and University System Chancellor Dr. George Simpson will speak Thursday. Small table discussion groups are also scheduled Thursday.
The annual event is sponsored by the Georgia School Boards Association, of which Jack Acree is executive secretary.

Georgia Ranks High
Georgia, fifth-ranking state in the U.S. in school lunch participation, finances its gigantic school food service program from several sources.
Payments from pupils, averaging 30 cents per meal, provide the major funds. A growing number of local systems are providing supplementary funds, and three federal programs offer assistance: the National School Lunch Act of 1946 (cash assistance and donated foods), the Special Milk Program of 1954 (cash assistance for lowering the price of milk), the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (assistance with food service in needy schools) .
At the State level, $1.3 million was appropriated by the General Assembly last year to assist local systems in their school lunch programs. But the funds have been withheld because of -an Attorney General's opinion that use of state funds for school lunch purposes was not legal. The question was to be tested in court this month.
The Georgia school fund service program comes under Standards for Georgia Schools, and is operated as an integral part of the educational system through agreement between local systems and the Georgia Department of Education.
Last year, Georgia schools served 128,000,000 lunches and purchased $30 million worth of food from Georgia vendors. School lunch managers are seeking a 15% increase in participation this year in an effort to keep costs down.
***
Plentiful foods for September are turkeys, pofatoes, peanut products and seasoned vegetables.
***
To help with record-keeping problems, two programs are scheduled on ETV this month for lunchroom managers: "Keeping Daily School Lunch Reports" on Sept. 15 at 7:30 a.m. and 4 p.m., and "Preparing Monthly Reports," Sept. 22 at 7:30 a.m. and 4 p .m. and again Sept. 29 at the same hours.
Page 3

Computer to Save Teachers' Time

A new computer "pupil accounting

operation" put into effect this year by Atlanta City Schools will save teachers an estimated 111 ,000 hours of clerical time in a year, schoolmen think.
The system has been in the pilot stage for two years . It will process student registration, grades, attendance and other information for the 157 schools in the system, resulting in a tremendous reduction in clerical work

Clyde Pearce, Standards Coordinator, directed two orientation meetings, one in June, another in July, to explain th e use of the Standards for Georgia Schools to Department personnel who will do the evaluations. These department representatives will visit local schools and school system s to see how th ey m easure up with the guides set by the Standards. The two groups who m et at Young Harris College had fifty participants each.

for teachers. For example, it now takes

teachers three months to schedule classes by hand ; the computer will re-

Ninth District Gets Half-Million Grant

duce the time to one week.

Georgia has received a half-million population as they have not been

Computers in schools are fairly new dollar grant from the U.S. Office of before.

in the South , according to Dr. John Education, one of the largest ever "The Center will, when fully uu.u"'"

Martin, Atlanta Assistant Superinten- awarded under Title III of the Elemen- provide leadership in curriculum

dent. He thinks they are employed no- tary and Secondary Education Act, to instruction, student personnel ~P.t'vt'"'"

where else in the area except in Mem- establish a pacesetting shared services and school business services. In

phis, and there in a limited capacity. project in the Ninth District.

area of curriculum and

Atlanta's operation will probably be one of the country's most sophisticated.
E ven more elaborate than the Atlanta System's operation will be the computer system to be utilized at the Atlanta Area Technical School when it opens later this fall. Part of the facility will be a teletype tie-in with the state's other area vocational-technical schools, giving each school instant access to whatever information is needed from a central information bank.

The project involves the entire district-29 school systems-which range in size from 246 pupils in Tallulah Falls to 13 ,341 in Gwinnett. The whole district has 90,000 school-age population, about the size of the Atlanta City school population.
"Because of small size and inadequate financing, the area lacks the system-wide leadership and services needed to improve the range and quality of educational opportunity," said

specialists will be provided in subjects, kindergarten, education, ing, adult education, exceptional dren, and independent study. Pilot school reorganization and cultural ects will be undertaken . An "u'"'-"Luu'uill media center will provide a wide riety of services-consultative, loan and repair, and centralized cessing," explained Mr. Kirby.
The project is coordinated Steering Committee of su of each of the participating

Title 1 Serves Over 329,000

Project Director Joe Kirby, formerly director of Barrow County Schools.
White County, near the center of

with George C. Nelms, Ninth director of district services for the partment of Education, as

Title I projects in Georgia served 329,136 children in fiscal 1967, according to a report 'Jf the State Title I Coordinator, R. C. Beemon.

the district, will serve as administering unit. Other participating school systems are Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, Cherokee, Union, Lumpkin, Dawson, For-

and ex-officio member. Working '-R"'"''JII with the project is Robert Shigley, ordinator of Title III for the '-'""....-... ment of Education.

The state had 241 projects in 185 syth, Gwinnett, Towns, Hall, Barrow,
S.E. Fair to Open school systems, costing $33,731,011. Rabun, Habersham, Banks, Jackson,

Most frequently offered service was Stephens, Franklin, Madison, Hart,

that of instruction in Remedial Read- Elbert, Gainesville, Buford, Tallulah

ing, which was included in 195 projects. Other popular projects were the hiring of teacher aides and other subprofessional help, food services, transportation services, physical education

Falls, Commerce, Jefferson, Winder and Toccoa.
The Ninth District Educational Services Center, which was to be fully

and recreation.

staffed and operational by this month,

The projects were financed by the has been in the planning stages for

September 28
The Southeastern Fair, Sept. 28 - Oct. 7, will admit any gia school student free up to 6 any day. A number of school are planning exihibits at the fair's cation building, including Cobb ty, Clayton County, Fulton

Elementary and Secondary Education two years. The Center will attempt to Gwinnett County, Decatur City,

Act of 1965.

meet the needs of the area's school age etta City and several parochial

Page 4

Superintendent Has Weekly ETV Show

.Supe.lrlinptuent d"eEndtucoaftiOScnhom olFs,ocJuasc"k

P. for

Ntx, state

wetducators

weeklY on an

ewdhuecnatihoenaal pptee1aervsl.S.lbo!'n-

program by that name. . .

The Superintendent wtll discuss c~r-

orenntth.tessuneeswanpdrogprraombl,ema sprinode~dcut.cwanttoonf

the Georgia ETV network. First pro-

gram was aired Sept. 11, and repeated

Sept. 13 and Sept. 18. It is scheduled each Monday at 12:30 p .m., each Wednesday at 9:30 a.m. and each Thursday at 7:45p.m. throughout the school year.
Alternating with Mr. Nix's appearance every other week will be a tenminute documentary .program on current education topics.

HEADLINERS
Sherrill McMillen has been appointed acting director. of the Divi~ion of Vocational - Techmcal EducatiOn, U. S. Office of Education. Superintendent of Schools Dr. Jack P. Nix has been named advisor on educational affairs and nominated to the board of directors of Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company. William 0. Riley, vice president for industrial relations, Atlantic Steel Company, has been appointed 1967-68 chairman of the State STAR (Student Teacher Achievement Recognition) program. Dr. J. A. Williams, dean of the University of Georgia School of Education , has been elected chairman of the Regional Council of the Southeastern Educational Laboratory. Dr. H. Titus Singletary, Associate State Superintendent of Schools, was elected to the Board of Directors of SEL. Dr. 0. C. Aderhold, who just retired after 17 years as president of the University of Georgia, has joined the Southern Regional Education Board as director

Georgia First in S.E. In Food Distribution
The State of Georgia, through the Department of Education, distributes 76.6 million pounds of federal surplus food commodities annually, ranking it first in the Southeast in terms of pounds of food distributed. According to Superintendent of Schools Jack P . Nix, 46 .2 percent of thi s food goes to local school systems for the School Lunch Program, 5.3 percent to State Hospitals and Youth Development Centers, and 48.5 percent to needy families. The U.S. Department of Agriculture contracts with the Education Department to handle the entire food distribution program. In fiscal 1967 these commodities had a wholesale carlot value of more than $18 million . The program is directed by H. D. Hatchett of the Department of Education.
of a five-year project in the agricultural sciences. The project is aimed at developing regional cooperation in agricultural education.
Inform ation on the STAR student program will be in th e hands of I o c a I superintendents soon, officials say. At left Dr. Jack P. Nix, State Superintendent of Schools, center, receives advance publicity from Loring Blackstone, left, Rich's manager of m erchandising information and STAR publicity chairman, and Ovid Da vis, STAR vice chairman and public relations manager for th e Coca-Cola Company.

Dr. A. P. Jarrell
Dr. Jarrell Dies
Dr. A. P. Jarrell, Assistant State Superintendent of Schools and director of the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation Services, died Aug. 1.
Dr. Jarrell had been director of Vocational Rehabilitation since 1955. He was appointed Assistant State Superintendent in 1964.
After serving as principal of Central School in Taylor County and as superintendent of the Chattahoochee County public schools for ten years, Dr. Jarrell joined the state vocational rehabilitation department in 1940 as a counselor.
As director of the department, he was instrumental in developing interagency cooperation and coordination of services. He also developed a medical advisory board for the Georgia program of physical restoration.
Dr. Jarrell represented Georgia at the 1966 World Congress of the International Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled in Weisbaden, Germany. In 1954, he was elected president of the National Rehabilitation Association, which had presented him the President's Award in 1962.
The A. P. Jarrell Pre-Vocational Training and Evaluation Center in Atlanta was named for Dr. Jarrell, and a similar facility to be opened in Macon will also commemorate him.
Page 5

on Education

First offenders at Buford's State Corrections Institute will benefit fro m an innovative vocational education program to be conducted by the Manpower Development and Training Unit of the Department of Education. A federal grant of $100,714 will finance the project, which will reach 200 inmates during the first year. They will receive vocational and academic instruction, including counseling and job placement. MDT is a joint state-federal program administered in Georgia by the Vocational Education Division of the Department.
New York City is planning an intensive program of early education for disadvantaged children in 267 of its schools this year. Starting in kindergarten and going through the next two grades, the program calls for as many as two or three teachers in each classroom. For the first grade, the target is one teacher for each 15 children, and for the second grade a teacher for each 20 children. The new president of the board of education has asked for $25 million to finance the program, aimed at preventing defective reading and other deficiencies which show up in later school years.
A two-year national study of vocational education in nine communities

sums up its findings this way: "What the schools were doing, they were doing adequately. Their weaknesses reflect those things they should have been doing but they were not. Recommended changes included gearing vocational education to occupational clusters" which will provide opportunities for "vocational exploration" within the limits of vocational needs of the community served. Also: More Negroes in vocational programs, a system level director of vocational education, wider choice of vocational education for female students, vocational orientation in the grade school.
A select group of junior high school students entered the eighth and ninth grades this fall with a rare experience behind them. During the summer they were students in a special enrichment program conducted by Emory University as part of its teacher training program. The students attended sessions in classrooms rented from the DeKalb County Board of Education. They were taught by master teachers, who selected topics which were important, challenging and stimulating to the students. The program offered teacher interns a chance to watch a master teacher at work, and also let them share some responsibility in instructing

the class. Both students and benefitted, thinks program Dr. Ellis A. Hagstrom.
dren.
The Institute on School and Individual Differences of Peabody College for Teachers is ing scholarships for advanced leading to the Ph.D. degree in mentary education, English or HlC'"''c-. matics. Stipends of $3200 to are available to young men and mr~-- with good scholastic records bachelor's or master's degree in elementary education, mathematics, English or psychology. Additional information is available from Raymond C. Norris, Institute director, Peabody College, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
September and October were busiest months of the school 1966-67 for the Teacher Service of the Department of LNlu-.a- tion. Approximately 5500

Page 6

Georgia's busy School Superintendent Dr. Jack P. Nix included Waynesboro in his speaking tour of the state this month. At left, he chats with
Jam e s Sneed, sixth grade teacher at Blakeney Elementary School, on the steps of a portable classroom. At right, Burke County Superintendent of Schools A. Holland Gnann, left, greets Dr. Nix, wh ile Gay Barclay, president of the Waynesboro R otary Club, looks on.

ON BOARD.

NO CHANGES, SAYS BOARD (continuedfrompagel)

late Dr A p Jarrell for his services as Assistant State Superintendent of Schools in charge of the Office ~f Vocational Rehabilitation; authonzed a request to the State Budget Bureau for transfer of funds from the budget for rants to local systems to the budget for Services for Exceptional Children; approved a contract for electrical services at North Georgia Technical and Vocational School ; approved changes in distribution of GEA (Schools) funds for Thomas and Cherokee Counties; approved the Master Plan for Campus Development for South Georgia Technical and Vocational School; denied requests that Midville Elementary Schools, Echols County High and Elementary School, and Herctoma High and Elementary School be designated isolated schools; approved lease contracts for office space for the Department of Education; denied programs for allotment of capital outlay funds as proposed by Houston, Bryan and Macon County Boards of Education; approved rental of two educational television programs ; amended the state plan for participation in federal allotments under the Library Services and Construction Act, extending services under the law to prisons and special schools; approved revision of Dougherty County's budget with the GEA (Schools); requested the State Superintendent to recommend to the Board a plan for activating ETV channel 57; passed a resolution on responsibility of the architect for ETV production center, Atlanta; passed an agreement regarding application of funds in Series 1964 Bond Issue-ETV production center; approved teacher education programs at Mercer University and Val~osta State College; designated architects for construction projects at the Georgia Academy for the Blind and Georgia School for the Deaf.
At a called meeting July 31, the State Board confirmed its earlier action

denying requests for transfer of Ware County high school students to Clinch County schools. At its July 19 meeting, the Board overruled a decision of the Decatur City Board of Education expelling Calvin Youngblood; heard a report from Superintendent Nix that 23 football games are scheduled on Thursday nights in Georgia during 1967-68; heard a request frorn James E. Culpepper, Echols County school superintendent, that Echols schools be declared isolated in 1967-68; recommended a study be made of the Echols system in answer to the request; revised its policy governing capital outlay allotments for consolidation programs to allow presentation of separate plans of consolidation for elementary and high schools; approved a revision of the Guide for Planning and Construction of School Facilities in Georgia; authorized the State Superintendent to modify the organization of the Department of Education as pertains to the program for exceptional children, pupil personnel services and certain aspects of vocational rehabilitation; established a policy on allotment of special education teachers to local systems providing that no state funds can be allotted for the payment of teacher salaries in private proprietary day or residential schools and/ or treatment facilities; recommended that the Board adopt a new policy on isolated schools; rescinded its earlier action providing for an additional 1/ 2 hour pay preparation for each hour of instruction for teachers of adult basic education; designated the following as isolated schools: Dial Elementary in Fannio County ; St. George High in Charlton County; Fargo Elementary in Clinch County; Sapelo Island School, Mcintosh County; Woody Gap Elementary, Union County; Richmond Hill and G. W. Carver Elementary and High Schools in Bryan County; approved applications for attendance across county

lines for certain eligible school systems; authorized the Superintendent to make payments of basic state allotments for materials for county and regional libraries in one payment to each library based on approved applications; conditionally approved Camden County proposal for transportation of high school students; passed resolutions accepting final plans and assigning the architect's contract for the Atlanta ETV production center; denied a request of the Walton County Board of Education to be relieved of its obligation to consolidate Loganville High School; approved a request of the Peach County Board of Education for an amendment to its lease agreement with the GEA (Schools) to permit construction of Ft. Valley Jr. High School; approved Dougherty County summer library program; approved consolidation of Whitman Street School with Toccoa Elementary and High School in Toccoa; amended the state plan for administration of Title II; approved consolidation of Ralph Bunche High School with Cherokee High School in Cherokee County; approved consolidation of all high school grades in Candler County at Candler County High School; approved a Shared Services Project in the Tenth District for Columbia, Lincoln, McDuffie, and Wilkes Counties; approved a Muscogee County request for construction of South Columbus Elementary School using unappropriated balances from Series 1964 and 1965 bond issue; reaffirmed its policy requiring complete applications for allotment of capital outlay funds be on file from local systems and approved by the finance committee and the Board before allotments are confirmed by the Board.
***
Next Committee meetings: October 11.
Next Board meeting: October 18.
Page 7

ALERT REPORTS (continued from page 6)

Georgia teachers, almost V3 of the year's total, 17,057. The Department issued 221 six-year cerificates and 47 doctoral certificates.
The 1968 Study Conference of the Association for Childhood Education International will be held April 14-19 in San Diego, California. Theme will will be "Confrontation and Commitment."
The NEA executive committee escalated its war against Florida Governor Claude Kirk last month when it voted to advise the nation's lead ing corporations, banks, industrial organizations and financial press that Florida was not a fit state for employees to educate their children. The NEA on June 5 advised teachers from other states that if they accepted employment in Florida they would be subject to charges of violation of the code of ethics of the educational profession. It also voted to censure Kirk and legislators who support his education program. The action was taken because the Florida legislature adjourned in the spring with what the teacher's group said was "no significant improvement in education because ex isting edueational services for ch ildren .were cut by $63 million to finance a totally inadequate teachers' pay raise."

Georgia's teacher shortage remained critical throughout the 1966-67 school year. For th e nine-month school year, schools were unable to supply a validly certified teacher for an average 25 ,881 pupils daily. These children, in one school or school system, would make 1000 classrooms of pupils who did not face a certified teacher all year long. The number of unqualified teachers teaching in Georgia last year averaged 873 per day.
There is no such thing as a qualified high school student with no college to go to, despite rumors to the contrary. G. James Hechtman, director of the Student Admissions Center in New York, said in American School and University's July issue there are at least 300,000 vacancies in college freshman classes this year. The enrollment problem that exists is purely distribution. The supply is one place, the demand anuther. Vacancies are eight times as plentiful in the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes area, South and far West as they are in New England. In addition, costs are lower in most cases.
Georgia high school graduates are eligible to compete for 1700 NROTC scholarships to 52 colleges and universities throughout the nation for

1967-68. Young men selected Will ce ive training and education for reers as commissioned officers in U. S. Navy and Marine Corps. tiona! information is available local school superintendents and selors.
It looks for vocational education and power Development and Training be about $669 million. Both the and the Senate have approved amount, but differences must be justed in the two versions of Appropriations Bill for ~~~~. -..,.., Education and Welfare.
nation as a whole . In Georgia, unemployment rate in the area has fallen from 7.7% to since 1962.
The GEA Departments of Education and Secondary Principals will sponsor College at high schools over the state Sept. Dec. 7. The programs offer representatives and seniors a discuss college interests.

Acqu1st1t1ons D1v. University of Ga. Librari es
Universi ty of Georgia Athens, Ga. 30601

...A Look at uca~(s1Ro19l6e1 To

2, No. 2

On Board
Twelve-Months School Approved
The Georgia Board of Education endorsed the twelve-months school plan at its October session.
Upon recommendation of the Finance Committee, the Board authorized the Department of Education to cooperate with school systems of the State in developing plans for initiating pilot programs in systems which are ready to undertake them.
The Department of Education's 1969 budget request contains $2 million to be used for developing the twelve months school plan in the state.
The Board also adopted new policies and procedures for the adoption of textbooks.
***
In other action the Board: Relinquished its construction permit for ETV Channel 23 in the vicinity of Ashburn because of high power and performance of existing stations in the area; authorized a cooperative project between the Georgia Network and the Center for School and College Television, Indiana University Foundation, to produce a new science series for nationwide distribution, the cost to be defrayed by the Foundation in the amount of $44,000; approved a transfer of funds in the Bibb County GEA (Schools) budget; approved FY 1968 budgets for Henry, Wayne, Polk, Habersham and Wilkinson counties; ap~ proved rebudgeting of funds in the GEA (Schools) budget of Chatham County ; approved payments to local systems for transportation of handicapped children; approved a change in H enry County's GEA (Schools) budget; approved the Georgia Textbook Listing for vocational areas, substitu-
(Continued on Page 5)

Education Budget Asks "A Bid for the Best"
Georgia's Bid for the Best in public school education has gained support of the State Board of Education and the Governor's Conference on Education.
"Beyond the Minimum-a Bid for the Best" was topic for State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix's address at the Governor's Conference in September. Conferees publicly endorsed the program he presented, including an education budget of $376 million in state funds for 1969.
The State Board of Education at its September meeting adopted the proposed budget for 1969, which asks an increase of approximately $50 million over the present operating budget.
Superintendent Nix and members of the Department of Education staff are meeting with members of the Georgia General Assembly to explain the budget and the Minimum Foundation Law.
"Response to these sessions has been enthusiastic," said Mr. Nix. "Several legislators have told me these were the most valuable days they had ever spent in Atlanta. Their conscientious interest and concern is the kind of support education must have if it is to move beyond the minimum in Georgia."
Here is what the proposed FY 1969 budget will do to carry Georgia beyond the minimum in education: Provide an average salary of $6,477 for 39,279 teachers, including 1,103 new teachers and an average salary increase of $558. Provide for 5,218 teachers (other certificated professional personnel) at an average salary of $7,902, including an increase of 128 teachers and an average salary increase of $558. Provide M & 0 at the rate of $1,050 for Sections 11 and 20 teachers. The rate in effect for 1968 was $848.60 per teacher.
Provide textbook funds at the rate of $4.76 per child for the 1,167,237 children enrolled during the 1968 school year, and provide $18.60 for textbooks for increased enrollment of 25,106 children. This amount also includes 3% to cover increased cost of textbooks.
Provide consumable instructional materials at the rate of $3 per child for the 1,182,064 children expected to be enrolled during school year 1969.
Provide funds in the amount of $1.22 per child for the
(Continued on Page 4)

INSIDE

T

EDUCATION
with State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -

Education in the United States today is beset at every turn by forces that would deter the profession from its basic purpose: to provide the best possible education for children.
There are those who try to separate parents from the schools by attacking the PTA. In some states the union is active, trying to separate teachers from administrators by saying we have more differences than common interests.
These forces which would divide us are the biggest threat to education in this country today. We educators have a responsibility for leadership. We are not trying to win a popularity contest. It is up to us to use our knowledge and our intellectual ability as leaders in this business of education.
To achieve our purpose will require the strength of the entire profession. Teachers, administrators, school board members-all are essential. No element in the profession should go its way alone.
The education profession, in turn, must have the backing of the community if its members are to do an effective job of teaching young citizens of Georgia.
When the Georgia General Assembly last year recognized teaching as a profession, the State took a giant step toward strengthening the position of the teacher in Georgia. Now it is time for another stride forward. The teaching profession, if it is to achieve the dignity which a true profession deserves, must have a strong teacher tenure law. The Legislature will consider such a law in the upcoming session.
I firmly believe a teacher tenure law, implemented in such a way as to protect the interests of teachers, school administrators, board members, and CHILDREN, will greatly advance the cause of public education in Georgia. Without professional security, teachers cannot give of their best. If Georgia will not be loyal to its teachers, how can the State ask loyalty of them?
Page 2

I am in favor of a tenure law and I fully port its intent. But I believe that immediate plementation would not be in the best i of all concerned. So that local boards of tion will have sufficient time to assess and their personnel policies and practices, I the effective date of such a law should be ferred to the first day of September the third following its passage, with the proba.........._ period beginning in September following po.,Cl
If implementation of a tenure law is r1"'t-"'....J for three years, local superintendents and of education would be relieved of the ......,........_ necessity to blanket under the law's all staff members with three years' expe Instead, through an orderly process of tion, provision can be made for the good reacne who should be given tenure status. At the time, steps can be taken to make it possible teachers who do not merit tenure status to positions without the embarrassment of denied such status on a "sudden death"
Such a plan would have no real effect on teacher who is already doing a professional who deserves the benefits a tenure law give. Richmond County and Atlanta City systems, for example, already have Tenure Laws at the local level. These laws well in these two systems, where almost vu...-.,,~ of the State's teachers are employed. The implementation would have no effect on group. For the remainder of the State's systems, a probationary period would give for self-assessment, for evaluation of teachers rently employed, and for generally upgrading level of teaching and thus the level of ed in Georgia.
After all, that is what we are seeking, is it The world today, in its uncertainty, looks to cation as the key to the door of hope for kind. As a teacher you have the power to that key. What you do will make the d'

Deputy Superintendent, Assistants Are Named

Or. moted

AtollenDecp.utSym. ~ituhph~ans~~bned;enntpro~-f

Schools, a new position m Se . ;par ment of Education. Dr.. m~t ~as

formerly Assistant Supendnte? .ent .or

the Office of School A mmistratJve

Services.

.

Oscar H. Joiner, formerly Director

~fffiFcienaonfciaSlchSoeorlvicAeds,minnoiwstrah:eivaeds

the Ser-

vices as Assistant State Supenntendent

of Schools. John S. Prickett, Jr., has been
~famSecdhoAolsssifsotranVt oSctaatteionSaulpeRreinhtaebnidlietan-t
tion Services. He succeeds the late
Dr. A. P. Jarrell.
State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix made the three appointments, which have been confirmed by the State Board of Education.
As Deputy Superintendent, Dr. Smith will serve as administrative assistant to the State Superintendent and as acting Superintndent in Mr. Nix's absence. Dr. Smith will give general direction, through the Division Director, to the program of Research and Statistical Services. He will serve as liaison between the State Department of Education and the Department of Law and will be secretary to the Appeals Committee of the State Board of Education.

As Assistant Superintendent for School Administrative Services, Mr. Joiner's duties will be to coordinate the activities of the divisions of Financial Services, Administrative Leadership, Administrative Services, Title II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and State-Federal Relations. He will serve the State Board of Education. as secretary to the Finance Committee.

Mr. Prickett was formerly Director of the Division of General Services for Vocational Rehabilitation, and since Dr. J~rell's death has been serving as coordmator of the four divisions of Vocational Rehabilitation. As Assistant State Superintendent for Voc~tional Rehabilitation Mr. Prickett will direct
activities of the Office's four divisions
Ge~e.ral Services, Special Services, Re~ habiiitati~n Facilities and Workshops
and Special Disabilities.

Joe N. Edwards, formerly coordi-

Dr. Allen C. Smith Oscar H. Joiner
nator for Title II, Elementary and Secondary Education Act for the Georgia Department of Education, is new Director of the Division of Financial Services.

John Prickett, Jr. Joe N. Edwards
E. A. Crudup has been named coordinator of Title II, ESEA, succeeding Mr. Edwards. Paul Goethe is new coordinator of Teacher Recruitment and Special Programs.

LUNCH LINES: Georgia Ranks Third

USDA's most recent figures rank Georgia third in the nation in percentage of children eating school lunches.
Georgia's goal is 100% participation, according to Miss Josephine Martin, Chief, School Food Service Section. "Problems created by HEW cutoffs, implementation of the Minimum Wage Law, and rising food costs could be deterrents to reaching our goal," she said, "but with careful planning of budgets, involvement of parents, pupils and teachers, concerted efforts to improve food quality and quantity, and wise use of donated funds, we will continue to have an increased number of children eating."
The State's average for 1966-67 was 73% of the average daily attendance. Miss Martin urged that every system set a goal for this year.
*** Use of donated foods can greatly affect cost. Some schools in Georgia use up to 14 cents worth of donated foods per meal; others use as little as two cents worth per meal. Menu planning, purchasing and food preparation make the difference. Training-inDepth courses offer instruction in effective use of donated foods.

The Department of Education is paying reimbursement claims prior to reviewing school claims to assure faster payments. Claims are paid on the basis of the GA-7a. Each system is to keep a record of amounts claimed, by school, (GA-7) for lunch and milk in order to determine distribution of funds. The system superintendent's office is to develop a procedure for handling adjustments to claims. After individual school claims are received, adjustments will be made to subsequent payments.
*** Richard Rombaugh, Jr., school lunch accountant, will review recordkeeping procedures November 27, 29 and 30 at 7:30 a.m. and November 30 at 4 p.m. on the state ETV network.
*** The annual conference of City and County School Lunch Supervisors will be held at the Georgia Center for Continuing Education November 15-17. Purchasing, participation and nutrition education will be discussion topics.
November plentiful foods are pork, potatoes and broiler-fryers.

Page 3

Vocational, Academic Graduates Compared
Vocational graduates required an average of seven weeks to get their first full-time jobs after graduation, reports a recent nationwide survey of high school graduates from vocational programs.
The average work-bound academic graduate required twice as long, the survey found.
Others findings of the study conducted by Educational Systems Research Institute, Inc., under a Ford Foundation grant, showed:
Fifty percent of vocational graduates got their first job within two weeks after graduation;
Vocational graduates, after two, six and eleven years out of high school, report substantially less unemployment than academic graduates who did not go to college;
Vocational graduates have greater accumulated earnings over the elevenyear period covered by the survey than do academic graduates who did not go to college;
Vocational graduates report significantly greater personal job satisfaction

OPINIONS

of the Attorney General

"That the Board of Education would be the proper entity to levy the taxes necessary to retire the bonded indebtedness of the two former systems is clear from the language of the constitutional amendment itself. At page 1099 of Ga. Laws 1966, it is stated:
" 'On the date provided for herein for the new district to come into existence, all property and facilities and all assets, debts and obligations includ-
than do academic graduates from the same schools;
A comparison of vocational and academic graduates without a college education reveals no significant difference in range of conversational interests, variety of leisure time activities, and degree of participation in community organizations.
Of the vocational graduates who entered the trades for which they were trained, 50 percent reported they were "exceptionally well prepared" to enter the trade. Only 3.7% claimed they were poorly prepared.

ing the bonded indebtedness incu for the benefit of the two systems merged by the City of Cedartown the old Polk County School Sys shall become the property, faciliti assets, debts and obligations of Polk School District.'
"In levying such taxes the prope upon which the tax for each of outstanding bond issues was origin placed remains unchanged. Where o school system having a bonded debtedness is merged with ano school system, taxes levied for the p pose of paying off the bonded inde edness may be levied only on prope located within the territorial limits the school system issuing such bon as such territorial limits existed at time the bonds and issued."
Bootstrap Slated
Revised schedule for Operati Bootstrap lists meeting~ for Janua 3-4, March 5-6 and May 1-2, 196

Budget Bids for the Best (continued from page 6)

1,182,064 children enrolled during 1969. (School library books and non-consumable materials.) Provide salaries and M & 0 for 12 teachers in isolated schools. Provide for salaries of school bus drivers, operation of school buses, replacement of school buses and the purchase of approximately 20 new buses. This includes funds to cover the cost of transporting 12,000 additional children, making a total of approximately 540,000 pupils to be transported during school year 1969. Provide travel for vocational teachers, curriculum directors and visiting teachers at the rate of eight cents per mile. Funds will cover travel for approximately 1,400 teachers. Provide saiaries and M & 0 for 150 teachers and salaries for 25 other certificated professional personnel (mid-term adjustment). Provide for a driver education program for two months during the summer in 510 high schools. Computation is based on 510 teachers for two months at an average salary of $600 per month. Provide funds for initiating a kindergarten program in the public schools.

Provide funds for initiating an extended school ye program for 12 months' operation of schools. Provide an average salary of $11,185.60 for 190 lo school superintendents. Provide an average salary of $8,186.95 for teache teaching year-round at Alto Industrial Institute. Provide M & 0 and sick leave for 20 teachers at rate of $1,050 at Alto Industrial Institute. Provide two cents per meal for school lunch oper tions based on an estimate of 143,820,800 lunches to served during the school year 1969. Provide increases for area v-t school program and hi school program in vocational education. Provide for initiating a program for the gifted in ea Congressional District of the State. At present, the Go ernor's Honors Program is the only advanced progr available for gifted students.
The above is only a partial summary of the progr included in the 1969 Bid for the Best budget. Major bu get items are $209 million for teachers' salaries; $3 million for salaries of other certificated professional p sonnel; $34 million for M & 0 and sick leave paymen and $14.5 million for pupil transportation.

0 N BOARD (Continued from Page 1)

tJ.OnS at the same list pric.e, and com-

plet.wn of identifiable senes for other

subJ.ect matter cent funding,

arreegaasr'dalepspsroovfedt~1e00typpeer

schoo1' for short-term clas.ses . m area vocational high schoo.ls; . ddt.sm.isse, d on the grounds of "no JUns IChon ap-

peals of teachers in Chatham and New-

ton counties who had not had contracts

newed this year by local boards of ereducation ; upheld, by a 5-5 dectswn,

an action of the Carroll County Board

of Education discontinuing transporta-

tion of elementary school children to

Carroll Central School from outside

the school's attendance area; approved

a site for Ware County High School;

passed resolutions in appreciation of

the services of Dr. H. S. Shearouse

and Joe T. DeFoor, who retired as

Director of the Division of Adminis-

trative Leadership and the Division of

Administrative Services, respectively,

July 1; heard Superintendent of

Schools Jack P. Nix report on the

status of Standards application; heard

Comptroller James L. Bentley explain

tire regulations for construction of

windowless buildings in respect to a

new code which is to be adopted to

replace the 1948 code.

***
At its September meeting the Board: Designated Superintendent Nix as Trust Fund trustee for the Academy for the Blind; approved Oconee County School System's budget for FY 1968; withheld approval of a deficit elimination plan proposed by Henry County Board of Education; approved the new State Advisory Committee on Pupil Transportation; approved an amendment to GEA (Schools) budget for Wilcox County; approved library construction grants for $200,000 for Walker County Library, LaFayette, $42,000 for Commerce Public Library, and $2,605 for Carnegie Branch Library, Albany; approved activation of Rehabilitation Residences at Macon and Savannah ; approved construction of Moultrie City System's new consolidated elementary school on the site of Central Elementary and Central Pri-

mary Schools; denied a request of Decatur County Board of Education for continued special teacher allotment for its VOT program; authorized execution of an agreement for operating Ben Hill-Irwin Area Vocational-Technical School; authorized a program of occupational training for young first offenders at Georgia Training and Development Center, Buford, to be conducted cooperatively with the Georgia State Board of Corrections; approved the second quarter budget, FY 1968, recommended by the Department of Education; adopted a new state plan for education of the mentally retarded; adopted a new policy giving the Division for Exceptional Children responsibility for administering educational programs for handicapped and gifted children and youth; referred to the Section 12 committee a question pertaining to approval of a local director for exceptional children as an allowable position under Section 12; adopted a new policy on suspension and/ or expulsion of students requiring each system board of education to adopt policies defining procedures to be followed, to apply them uniformly to all students, to provide opportunity for appropriate hearings if they are desired, and to apprise persons involved of the appeal procedures open to them; approved two new members of the Professional Library Committee; adopted a recommendation of the Instruction Committee rescinding any previous policy which prevents State Film Libraries from distributing films on sex education to schools; approved annual appointment of a new textbook committee composed predominantly of people from subject areas in which adoptions are to be made; authorized securing a quit claim deed from the federal government for the site of the new boys' dormitory at South Georgia Technical and Vocational School; approved a resolution awarding a bid to Conner's, Inc., for construction of the
new Educational Television Production Center; reversed by unanimous
vote a decision of the DeKalb County

Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix, right, accepts th e Chris statuette award from J. Hunter Todd III of th e Georgia ETV Network.
ETV Film Wins Four Top Awards
One of the nation's most honored documentary motion pictures this year was filmed by the Georgia Department of Education Television Services. Within the past month "Ode To An Uncertain Tomorrow" has won four honors, accor<:Jing to Lee E. Franks, Executive Director of TV Services.
J. Hunter Todd, III, Department Film Director, was in New York City to accept two awards for the film, the New York International Film Festival First in Category A ward and the Second in All Categories Award.
Earlier, Todd accepted on behalf of Dr. Jack P. Nix, State Superintendent of Schools, the Chris statuette for the film, awarded for first place in a field of 2,000 entries in the Columbus International Film Festival.
Earlier in the month "Ode" won the New York Industrial Film Festival Silver Medal Award (second place) .
The film, which surveys current problems of public school teacher recruitment, is available by written request from the Georgia ETV Network, State Office Building, Atlanta, Georgia 30334.
Board of Education refusing to renew the contract of Albert Marion Thompson as principal of the Kittredge School; withheld action on a Camden County request for Board approval of a consolidation plan for Camden County.
Page 5

By Anne S. Raymond A 15-year-old is on a hunting trip with his father. The boy's shotgun accidentally goes off-and he is totally blinded. What happens to him? He is a high school freshman, with big plans for college and career. Does he have to drop out of school? No, fortunately ... What about a child who is blind from birth? Can he learn in a classroom where the teaching is oriented to the sighted child? Where his peers seem to have an overwhelming advantage? Is there really a place in the Georgia school system for every child? Even a blind one? Yes, according to Mrs. Pat Carpenter, Department of Education consultant in education for the visually impaired. A blind child can be educated in public school. Not only does he function and learn in the sight-oriented classroom, he does it very well. Sometimes even better than the classmates some might think more fortunate . "After all," says Mrs. Carpenter, "a blind or visually impaired child must function in the sighted world, and the sooner he learns to do so, the better off he will be."
Page 6

Georgia is teaching 343 visuallyimpaired children in regular classrooms in the State. Two-thirds of them are partially-sighted; the rest are blind.
Two Plans The State has two plans for educating the visually impaired in public schools. Thirty-five professionally-prepared teachers provide services in nine of the most populous areas of the State: Gainesville and Atlanta, Clayton, Cobb, Richmond, Muscogee, Glynn, Chatham and DeKalb counties. In addition, 123 partially-sighted pupils in other school systems are receiving special books, materials and consultative services from the state level to help them progress in the normal classroom situation. Besides public school classes, the State also maintains a residential school for the visually impaired, Georgia Academy for the Blind in Macon. The school offers academic instruction, braille and, this year for the first time, mobility training.
Ft. Valley Student What does happen to a student who is suddenly blinded? Take the case of a Ft. Valley high school student, who lost his sight in a gunshot accident last year. Soon after the accident Mrs. Carpenter and Lee Jones, Superintendent of the Academy of the Blind, dis-

cussed with teachers, parents, system superintendent and possibilities open to them to the boy's education.
The parents elected to keep son in his regular classes at Ft. High School. He came to A or three afternoons per week the school year to learn braille mobility training.
The braille reading and him skills he needed to function regular classroom. He was able notes on the teacher's lecture to read them to himself for study. He also learned touch on the standard typewriter so he communicate with the teacher others in the sighted world.
"In a situation like this one, ing a suddenly blinded person ready has communications skills, possible to adapt materials. His takes on extra duties, of she records material that is not able in braille and prepares tains other materials such as line drawings for mathematics and models for biology.
"A blind student in this way usually to keep up with his In some instances, the comes an even better student was before. The life of the

. mary pursuit," explained has pn

carpenter.

.

Sixth in Nataon

tor,u.-.t.h...~e.rgVa..IaSUah1a1Ysra1onmpkpesarsiaritexedtdh

its program
for 10 years.
m the nation

-..state
1 ....

nowber

of

such

chi.ldren

. m

. the num

. 11

Ill . school programs. NatJOna y,

pu~c of- blind children are educated

~ blic school r.rograms, and Geor-

dl psupercentage parallels this figure. gt8Still there are many-no one knows

the do

exact number-who n.eed help not get it. To identify them

but a11 ,

ecvoenrdyucsct baonon!usayl svteismuailnscthreeeSmt.antges,shavoaui'l1d-

able through the health. departments

osofmeveersyysctoemunstytaikneGaeodrvgainat.agAet

present of th'IS

service, but others conduct no screen-

ings at all, or infrequent ones.

.

Experts estimate that about two m

every 1,000 children have some degree

of visual loss, and about 50 % of these need special help beyond corrective

glasses. Among Georgia's school-age

population of 1,181 ,000, then, there
are probably about 700 children who need help but are not receiving it.

The immediate job to be done is to

encourage local systems, through an-

nual screenings, to identify children

who need help. The State's program

for the visually impaired, a service of

the Division for Exceptional Children,

Office of Instructional Services, is

working in this direction. To serve the

children after they are found , the De-

partment's goal is a multi-system pro-

gram to reach children in small school ystems.

"Our concern right now," says Dr.

Mamie Jo Jones, head of the Division,

"is not the child who already has a

teacher. There are many children in

small school systems who need more

help than they are getting. We would

like to supply a resource teacher for

these pupils on a multi-system basis w. h'ICh ~ould mean crossing county'

lines With services for this special
group.

"S~ch
~st

a a

service would involve more teacher," she continued. "A

tt.etyriam.lsvsfoullvepmroegnrtamt.0

demands provide

comrnunnew rna-

' extra-curncular activities vol-
'

unteer services for transcribing materials, and many other needs."
***
The young man in Ft. Valley is completing his high school education with the help of his teacher and the state level consultant.
In a larger school system he would have the benefit of a resource or an itinerant teacher who is specially trained to teach the blind.
Georgia has 35 such teachers. The resource teacher in a large school system has a specially-equipped room with braille materials, typewriters, three-dimensional maps, models, etc. She works with visually impaired children in the school on a regular schedule, having individual children come to her for special instruction and assistance. She also works with the children's other teachers and usually has a variety of cases, each with particular needs and skills.
The itinerant teacher has a case load of children in several different schools, with whom she sets up a schedule on a weekly basis. She carries her equipment with her.
The State consultant, as in the case of the Ft. Valley boy, works with teachers and students in a system where there is neither an itinerant nor a resource teacher.
The State Department of Education pays the salaries of the consultant and the 35 teachers currently allotted to local systems. Primary source of funds for books and materials is a per child allotment from Congress to the American Printing House for the Blind. The

Division for E xceptional Children purch ases materials on this quota account.
In addition, the Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, operated by the Department of Education, circulates braille and large-type textbooks to Georgia students in the public school program.
After a vi sually impaired student graduates from public school he is not forgotten. The Department of Education's Office of Vocational Rehabilita,tion Services offers help to him when he reaches 16 or graduates.
Attitude Important Visually impaired children need a great deal of encouragement and con. sideration, and so do their parents. The teacher of the visually impaired is more than that; she is a counselor and psychologist also. The blind child must be encouraged to be as independent as possible; overprotection can be more a handicap than the disability. "Attitude is so important," the state consultant emphasized. "Both the parents and the child must adapt to the disability if any progress is to be made." She gives as an example the son of an Army officer at Ft. Gordon. The boy, a high school senior, was involved in an explosion which destroyed two of his fingers and embedded fragments of glass in his eyes. He was faced with a long period of uncertainty as to whether he would lose his sight. His first concern, and his parents', was that he finish high school on time. But he did not know braille, and he also faced a series of operations on his eyes.
(continued on page 9)
D onna Grogan , left, blind third grade student at Highland Elementary School, gets help with braille reading from Mrs. Mary White, itinerant teacher of th e visually impaired who serves Highland and two oth er Atlanta City System Schools.
Page 7

on Education

There is a lag of 30 years between innovation and widespread adoption of the innovation, testified Associate U.S. Commissioner of Education for Research, R. Louis Bright, before the Subcommittee on Economic Progress of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress. According to Bright, it takes about 15 years before the first 3% of school districts make any change.
West Rome High School is experimenting for the first time this year in two areas: flexible scheduling and team teaching. In the scheduling experiment, all English classes on one grade level will meet during the same period, challenging each teacher in the English Department to teach a class at the ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade levels. Teachers will meet two periods each day for planning, and all students of each grade will meet at least one day a week for lectures or films.
About three of every 10 children aged 3 to 5 in the United States were jn nursery schools and kindergartens last October, a U. S. Office of Education survey shows. Two years ago, it was about one in four.
Another USOE report on the high school dropout rate showed that onefourth of the nation's young people fail to graduate from the 12th grade. Almost 2.7 million students were graduated from high school this year.
The Teacher Corps, extended by Congress at the last minute for three years, received $18.1 million in the Senate Appropriations Bill, though $33 million had been authorized under the Education Professions Act. The House did not include any funds because it acted on appropriations before the Corps was extended. This means that the Corps can accept 1,050 teachers for in-service training this fall, 1,050 less than anticipated.
Georgia ETV is offering kindergarten each weekday afternoon at 5:30 p.m. Mrs. Joyce Marron is teacher of the half-hour telecasts.
Twenty states report a more severe shortage of qualified public school teachers this fall than last, while only
Page 8

seven say it seems to be less severe in their states, according to a late summer survey by the National Education Association. The remaining 19 of 46 states providing data to the NEA Research Division see their teacher supply problems as remaining about the same as last year. Total shortage throughout the nation is slightly higher than a year ago, despite a record number of teacher education graduates in 1967.
The Sixth Annual Senate Youth Program trip to Washington and the U . S. Senate has been scheduled for January 20-27, 1968. Local school systems in the State have been notified of procedures and deadline for nomination of candidates. From district nominees , two state nominees will be selected. The program is sponsored by the U. S. Senate and funded by the William Randolph Hearst Foundation for the purpose of helping students broaden their knowledge and under~ standing of Congress and the legislative process.
During its first year of recognizing the Doctoral Degree, the Georgia Department of Education issued 51 sevenyear certificates, mostly to supervisors and administrators in the State's public schools. Salary range for teachers with the Doctoral Degree is $7,525 to $8 ,846.
Non-public schools in the nation lost out on many benefits of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act because of traditional lack of communication, reports Education U. S. A. 's Washington Monitor. A national evaluation of the impact of Title I reports that almost all non-public participants are from Catholic schools. A non-public school person assigned to advise the state education agency would help improve the situation, the report says.
A new method of recruiting teachers met with surprising success in Philadelphia this year. The school system sent out as recruiters teams of young teachers, enthusiastic about Philadelphia's salaries and new departures in educational techniques employed in the classrooms. The teams

visited 120 colleges in 12 states

spring and wound up with 2,100

teachers from 34 states and

As the new school year started

system had no lack of

'

teachers, and in traditional

shortage only of secondary

matics teachers.

Everybody blames everybody especially the "general public," killing off educational innovation veals a Gallup Poll of groups ' ble for making decisions - ''"'~.;uc:.. administrators, school board ...-.~-- and parents. Everybody agreed educational change is imperative, each group said resistance to was greatest in other groups.

Georgia was among the top states in the country which in 1 contributed the highest proportions school revenues. With 61.4%, ranked sixth in the nation. Nat11::ma states contributed an average of of the cost of operating the schools. Local owners of real and sonal property paid 53% and the eral government paid only 8%.

HEADLINERS
John S. Prickett, Jr., was elected National Director of the National habilitation Association at the convention in Cleveland, Ohio. Ray, from the Atlanta Medical was elected Director, National bilitation Counselor's Association. Roberts of Hahira was named Farmer for the Southern Region by Future Farmers of America.... gia Board of Education members attended the National Association State Boards of Education in New York City were: R. A. dircks, Metter, 1st District; David Atlanta, 5th District; Dr. James Peters, Manchester, 6th District; C. Kimsey, Jr., Cornelia, 9th .LJ>'~ Robert B. Wright, Jr., Moultrie, District. Mr. Rice was Southern Area Vice-President NASBE.

Like Everyone Else With Help (continuedfrompage7)

Every

b0

dy pitched in blind classmate,

- teachers, the student.

TP. ahgresenobtfsIi.,lsluadbJ.setcutdmenattesrhiaalrethdeyh

er recordwere both

Ill . The father taped two books

wtuh1d.cyhmgw.ere not . Th teacher

mavamdela"oalespeoen~alreecfofrodr-t

t.nogst.al.1oer lessons for the new1y-bl'md

st udent.

Th who

result was that ein the meantime

the young regam. ed

man, some

usefuI Vision' finished the .school yea. r lacking one unit. He obtamed that m

summer school and started college on

time in the fall. He became a better

student, because his attention was fo-

cused on his education. Needs Are Many

Mrs. Anita Holloway, an itinerant

teacher of the visually impaired in the

Atlanta School System, has seen stu-

dents through classes from the first

grade into college.

"In my observation," she said, "the

greatest need is for counseling during

the transition period from high school

into college or other, higher levels of

education. I think counseling and voca-

tional guidance should begin as early

as age 14, in the ninth grade, as it

does in the EMR (Educable Mentally

Retarded) program. Students need vo-

cational help besides what they get

from vocational rehabilitation.

"Another problem we have encoun-

tered in Atlanta is what should be

done for the child who does not qual-

ify for the program of special educa-

tion, yet needs glasses and cannot get

them. There are many in-between chil-

dren in this category. They are discov-

ered through the screening programs,

but after we find them there is nothing

we can do if they don't qualify for any

program," said Mrs. Holloway.

***
A student, James Kinsey, echoes

what his teacher, Mrs. Holloway, says

about vocational guidance. A sopho-

more dean's list student at Morehouse

College, he has been a public school S. tudent Ill the program for the visually Impaired sm ce he was in second grade.

arsMhlrp.

Kinsey, who has a tuition scholto Morehouse from the Educa-:

Eddy Goodman of Atlanta, seventh grader at Highland Elementary Schoo l, explains the geography of South A merica, using a relief map designed especially for visua lly impaired students.
tion Department's Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, wants to be a computer programmer. He is majoring in mathematics at Morehouse, plans to go to Purdue later.
"More needs to be done to educate the public, especially employers, about the visually impaired and what they can do. Counselors will talk to you and try to find jobs, but the employer needs to be educated, too. I was hired for two jobs this summer, but when the employers found out I was visually impaired, they withdrew the jobs. I was sure I could do the work, but I
Most visua lly impaired students in Georgia learn in the normal classroom situation. A hove, Wyndell Garrett of Roswell, center, uses the braille writer as her teacher, Mrs. Mary White, looks on. In front of Wyndell, bent over her work, is Susan Joyner of A 1pharetta. They are both fifth graders in the program for the visua lly impaired at Highland Elementary School.

was never given a chance. By the time we graduate from high school, we have learned to compete academically and socially; we need a chance to show what we can do vocationally."
Philosophy Right Dr. Arthur Lown , Coordinator of Services for the Visually Impaired in Atlanta City System, thinks the public school environment is one of the best ways to achieve what Mr. Kinsey describes: acceptance of the visually impaired person by the sighted. "I see this as one of our two greatest needs," he said . "First we must educate the visually impaired student to ;;tchieve those things education is supposed to give him: the ability to be self-supporting, to be an effective citizen, to live a full, rewarding life. Then we must prepare the sighted person to be accustomed to blindness and to feel comfortable around a blind person. The best way to bring this about, I believe, is by educating the visually impaired in the regular classroom. Children are more easily oriented to a blind person than adults are. When children who have been in classes with visually impaired youngsters grow up to be employers, they will be able to see a blind person's abilities and limitations without the prejudice we now encounter. I think our philosophy of concentration on the public school approach is right. There is a place for the residential school, of course, but in most cases the visually impaired child should be in a regular classroom." Georgia's program for the visually impaired, though it has grown tremendously in the past ten years, has yet a great deal of growing to do. Hundreds of children who need help are not being reached, others need more help than they are getting. More services are needed, especially in guidance and vocational education, and the public must be educated to the needs of this special group. Only the combined efforts of educators, students, the community and business will bring about the ideal situation in which the needs of everyone in this group are being met.

\

Department Seeks

Changes in Law

The Georgi a Department of Educa-

tion is supporting a legislative program for 1968 which seeks to:

Reduce the pupil-teacher ratio in the first two grades ;
Establish minimum standards for non-public schools;

Permit an interchange of benefits and retirement between the Teachers

Retirement System and Employees Re-

tirement System;



Allow training for industrial development on a short-term basis for a specific location in the State;
Allow maintenance of special edu-

cation programs at local levels; Change the manner in which the
State Superintendent's salary is deter-

mined. (Proposed change would give

the State Board of Education responsibility for establishing the State Superintendent's salary within the framework of the salary schedule of the State Merit System. This would also make

it possible to upgrade salaries within the Department.)

Oldest One-Room School Is Sought
A search is underway for the oldest one-room school building in Georgia.
When it is found it will be moved to Stone Mountain Park to be used as part of an historical exhibit.
Major General Harold R. Maddux, general manager of Stone Mountain Memorial Park, is cooperating with School Superintendent Dr. Jack P. Nix and School Board Chairman Dr. James S. Peters in efforts to locate a representative structure.

Tax Information Sheet Available
An information sheet from the Department of Revenue explaining tax collection and use of taxes in Georgia is available in the Department of Education Publications and Information Office. The information includes a breakdown of collections for fiscal 1967 and indicates sources of tax revenue collected for the State of Georgia.
Page 10

INNOVATIVE TITLE III PROJ
Title III ESEA funds finance innovative projects in Georgia school to supplement regular programs in areas of special needs. The following roundup of 1967 FY projects.
Projects in Atlanta and Metter attempt to reach the potential dropout. Atlanta program begins at an early stage, in grades 3-8, to provide with information about occupations and encourage them to continue past high school or supplement an incomplete high school education vocational training. Through interviews teachers and counselors will ~...,.....,..... kinds of information and types of occupation in which children are mt.or..., Information will be presented to students through audio-visual and materials. Mrs. Helen Cook is project director.
In Metter a project will make high school experience more meaningful potential dropouts and help low achievers with ability reach their Interesting activities and a variety of experiences will help the child better relate to school and community activities. Special acceptance and involvement will raise the student's self-concepts. Mrs. ginia Snell is project director with the Candler County Board of .cuc u~o,;:<uuJo.,
In Cartersville a team approach to teaching Spanish in elementary will be demonstrated in pilot schools. An educational television teache:r. Spanish teacher and a regular classroom teacher will coordinate their to develop bilingualism and broaden cultural understanding in the The pilot project will demonstrate the suitability of such a program larger geographic area. Mrs. Helen Rice is project director.
Pupil personnel and increasing the teacher's effectiveness are special grams in several counties. The Ninth District Educational Services serves all 29 systems in that District. The Center provides leadership services in curriculum and instruction, student personnel services and business operations to 29 school systems, consultative services, a loan of educational media materials to schools and a centralized processing Counties served are Banks, Barrow, Cherokee, Dawson, Fannin, Forsyth, Franklin, Gilmer, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Jackson, kin, Madison, Pickens, Rabun, Towns, Union and White. Joe Kirby is director.
In Rockdale County a center has been established to demonstrate personnel specialists working as a team. The specialists effectively support total instructional program of a local school system, and the center recommended space and equipment necessary for the specialists to services for students, parents and public school professional personnel. center works cooperatively with the University of Georgia, Atlanta and Universities, and Georgia State College in the training of pupil personnel cialist graduate students. These institutions will use the center for uu,.....,~~ and observations. Center personnel includes a school psychologist, etrist, school social worker, counselor, school nurse and administrative sonnel. Dr. Franklin Shumake is project director.
Griffin-Spalding County Board of Education offers pupil personnel and instructional aids such as recordings, films and video tapes.

SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

County developed a cultural enrichment program to aid in chil-

WJaitfield l"ty development. Activities include establishment of nature

dfen,s persona 'of students to the performing arts; summer programs m the

htruarinlsa'me.tx1.epsosaunrdsetrceosnssetsrupcetrisoonnoafl

facilities such .as aud1 tonums and exh"1b"1t ha11s. student expenence and serves students at ele-

Trnheentparroygarnadmsecondary

level

as

well

as

adults.

Terry

Shaw

m.

D a1ton

.
IS

proJ.ect

director.



.

~geh

County the

also has a cultural enri~hme~t .program. Students in six opportunity to show the1r artistic endeavors to the adult

diStricts t aveThe program ut1.h.zes mus1.cal m. struments and teach"mg maten.a1s,

cornrnum reference

Y boo

ks

and

art

materials

and

prov1 des

m -servtce

tram m g

f or

t eachers.

The program, stressing the fine arts, will serve as a m odel for future programs

m . H~aie trh WmhateieclseranadndfoWreiilgcnoxlacnoguunatg1.eess..

It serves Dodge, Jack Thomas of

BthleeckDloeyd,geCoCcohurnatny,

Te ,

. d"

Board of Education is proJect 1rector.

Griffin-Spalding also has a model humanities program for cultural enrichment in seven public school systems and one private school in an area with a large proportion of culturally deprived students.

Sandersville and Waycross have curriculum projects which put emphasis on certain subject areas. Major purposes of the Sandersville project are to establish reading programs that can demonstrate effective corrective and remedial techniques and to conduct in-service education in prevention of reading disabilities and the improvement and upgrading of developmental reading. Mrs. Lydia Pool is project director for the Washington County Board of Education.

The Okefenokee Elementary Science Curriculum Project serving three cooperating rural counties will provide elementary students with a science curriculum designed to awaken and sustain an interest in science. The program will also provide for the professional growth of participating teachers through inservice programs. Maximum use will be made of instructional aids such as audio-visual materials and video tape recorders. The counties involved are Ware, Pierce and Brantley. Dr. AI Woodward is project director for Ware County Board of Education.

Liberty County's program has five major objectives. At the elementary level a program in health, physical and recreation education will fill this need. Ways to establish in-service teacher training will be explored and developed , and demonstration site and program for the State will be set up. Means of uniting other agency efforts and community resources will be examined. The best means of program implementation, evaluation and knowledge dissemination will be determined. Frank DeLargy is project director.

Title III grants for Georgia are $145,147, Atlanta; $52,095, Cartersville;

~:253,70,08031, ,WRaolkcekrdCaloeunCtyo;un$t2y4; ,9$5277,,9C1a0n,d

ler County; $475,000, White County; Whitfield County; $126,613, Dodge

W~n~y; $102,393, Griffin-Spalding; $58,295, Liberty County; $133,244,

hmgton County; $95,151, Ware County.

Two Georgia Cities
Begin Proiects
Atlanta and LaFayette are among 16 cities in the United States approved for a revolutionary new federal program which moves the Head Start concept clear down to the prenatal period.
The new project, called Parent and Child Center, will concentrate on the family and child before age three. It will operate through the Office of Economic Opportunity.
Richard E. Orton, staff director of Head Start, describes the program this way: "We will begin with prenatal care, with a heavy stress on the family as an entity. We will include medical, psychological, educational and social services in an all-out effort to help the child become a productive member of society. We will even show the mother how to cook, if we find that basic skill lacking."
New Study Grants Train Teachers
The new School of Education at Georgia State College has awarded seven traineeships and five fellowships to selected students preparing to become teachers of the mentally retarded.
Full-time senior undergraduates majoring in education of the mentally retarded received tuition grants plus stipends. The fellowship grants went to students doing full-time graduate study toward a Master of Education degree in mental retardation.
Funds were advanced by the U.S. Office of Education. The Department of Special Education has four full-time faculty members working in the area of mental retardation.
Nearly 60 Million
Total U.S. school population-staff and students-is nearly 60 million now, reports U.S.O.E. The number is more than 30% of the nation's total population. Elementary school enrollment is up only 1.4% over last year because of a decline in the birth rate since 1961.
Page 11

Atlanta ETV Production Center Contract Awarded

The nation's largest interconnected educational television network will have a home on Atlanta's south expressway next fall. '
The contract has been awarded for construction of a $2 million television production center by the Georgia Board of Education. The structure will be headquarters for the Georgia Department of Education's Educational Television Services Division, operator of the network.
Financing of the production center is made possible by state authorized bonds sold in 1965 . Furnishings and . electronics equipment will bring total cost of the center to $2 million. The Georgia Education Authority is supervising construction, for which Conners, Inc., submitted the lowest bid.
Lee Franks, Network Executive Director, said, "When it is completed, this will be the finest facility of its type in the Southeast and one of the most functional in the nation."
The center will be located on seven acres between the South Expressway and the new Atlanta Technical School on Stewart Avenue. It is scheduled to te completed within 425 days.
Currently most of the Network's programs are produced by the State Department of Education in a leased facility on Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta.

Network headquarters' offices are in leased space at 881 Peachtree Street, N.E.
The Georgia Network consists of nine stations. The Department owns and operates stations in Chatsworth,

Dawson, Pembroke, Pelham, Springs and Wrens. It is rnn~tr..~.:.
a station in Cochran. WETV, the lanta City Schools station, and WG the University of Georgia Network affiliates.

Capital Outlay Funds Approved by Board

Applications for capital outlay funds to be capitalized by the Georgia Education Authority (Schools) in its 1967 E (Golf) bond issue have been approved by the State Board of Education for:
Baldwin, Ben Hill, Bibb, Catoosa, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Colquitt, DeKalb, Douglas, Effingham, Floyd,

Fulton, Clarke, Laurens, Long,
allotments range Cherokee County Cobb County.

GEORGIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION State Ofllce Building
Atlanta, Georgia 30334

JACK P. NIX State Superintendent of Schools

GEORGIA ALERT

Published Monthly September-June by

Publications and Information Services Jarrot Lindsey, Jr., Director

Ofllce of Department Staff Services

Anne Raymond

Editor

Jean Chapman

. Art Editor

Return Requested

Acq u1stlt 1ons D1v. University of Ga. Libraries University of Georgia Athens, Ga. 30601

STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
ON BOARD...
Immunization Under Study
The Georgia Board of Education took under consideration at its November meeting a proposal to require that pupils be immunized against measles, diptheria, polio, smallpox and whooping cough before being admitted to school.
Dr. Virginia McNamara, director of the Children's Division of School Health Services, told the Board a recent survey shows that an estimated 33 per cent of the State's children are not adequately immunized, even though the State Health Department will give the shots to anyone who asks.
Dr. Ben Gilbert of Gainesville, chairman of the Georgia Interagency School Health Council, asked that the immunization requirement be included in the new State School Standards.
Immunization requirements currently are left up to the individual school system.
The request was referred to the Board's Committee on Standards.
***
In other action the Board: Set hearings Dec. 18 on requested suspension of teaching certificates of three Columbia County teachers; heard a report by Assistant Superintendent Oscar Joiner on the Department of Education's staff meeting with Senator Hugh Carter's Subcommittee on Education; heard a report on a meeting of Department officials with Comptroller James Bentley concerning state fire regulations as they apply to school construction (see story on page 1); approved amendments to lease agreements between the Georgia Education Authority (School s), Lowndes County and Douglas County; approved a sur-
(Continued on Page 8)

.. .A Look at Education's Role Today
December, 1967 Volume 2, No. 3
Proposed Fire Code Raises Controversy
Statewide concern over fire safety in Georgi a schools is the result of conflicting interpretations of proposed fire safety regulations , says G. G . Bailey, engineer in the School Plan Services Unit of the Department of Education.
The question of fire safety in certain types of new school building construction-namely "windowless" and air-conditioned buildings-arose for the first time when final plans for the new Wayne County High School were submitted for approval by the fire marshal. The marshal approved the plans, but with the conditions that the building be sprinkled and that the corridors not be used for return air ducts. The Wayne County Board of Education agreed to meet the conditions, thereby adding $75 ,000 to the cost of the building.
(Continued on Page 4)

.

~ ,jl

D eKalb County's much-ta/ke -abJJi;{lj R"embank Set ce Center was

offi cially opened on Dece'j er 3. The center, partially funded under a Title III grant, inct~des a 70-acre oreiil-, )aboratory, a building equipped with a pla 1 etarium, a'nl.'pbsg;-vatofy;1meteorlogi-

cal laboratory, an electron icroscop 'laboratory for study of

subcellular biology, etc. The center will provide an extension
beyond th e science programs offered in w s h o ls, in-service education for teachers, research programs 1'11 .,f biological and

physical sciences and instruction_a_l programs-fa rhe general public.

Shown at the building entrance are touring students fro m Gresham

School in DeKalb County, Jackie C reel and Russell Smith.

INSIDE
EDUCATION

NewR
For Text Ado

with State School Superintendent Jack P. N i x - - - - - - - - - . . . . . , . . . . - - - - - - - - -

To insure that the best books are available for Georgia school children, the State Board of Edution has revised textbook adoption procedures.
The new policies contain one major change, applying to adoptions of textbooks outside the curriculum area which is up for consideration.
As in the past, there will be staggered adoption of textbooks, with a period of five years required to complete adoptions in all subject areas. But if a publisher wishes to submit for adoption new material in a subject area not being considered that year, he must submit the book through the Curriculum Director to the Department of Education Executive Committee for approval. In the past, new or extensively revised material was submitted directly to the Committee.
This new procedure means that the Department of Education will be taking a closer look at textbooks outside the adoption area. Publishers may still add to a series or make substitutions of revised material at the same price. But if material is extensively revised, new or higher in price, the four assistant superintendents and I will examine it more carefully.
The new procedure means, then, there are three ways in which a book may be submitted to the Textbook Selection Committee for addition to the approved list of Georgia textbooks:
1. As completion of a series;
2. As a substitution at the same price;
3. As a regular adoption in the area under consideration.
The publishers have been very cooperative as we worked on our new procedures. We have tried to reduce the number of books on the list, which at its height last year reached almost 4,500. Many

publishers have voluntarily removed old duplicates and obsolete materials, cutting the ber to about 3,000 approved books at nr"'''~-~
We have had several administrators teachers request that the number of books be reduced.
But under no circumstances do we seek a single statewide adoption of There has been some concern over the State this possibility. We are unalterably opposed such a plan. A single statewide adoption in complete opposition to our system of ed it would even do violence to our efforts to age local initiative and responsibility.
We are, however, in favor of and encourage systemwide adoption of textbooks city and county systems. The State Board of cation is considering making this mandatory, in my opinion it should be voluntary. Each should have its own textbook selection co:mnait1
There are many reasons why this is a good A system, through systemwide adoption, library and textbook funds more thus making available more of the best its students. Another advantage is that moving from school to school within a system continue their studies uninterrupted because will be using the same books.
Textbooks under consideration for 1967-68 in the areas of science, math, health and education, grades 1-12, for a five-year Publishers and their representatives have notified of the subjects under consideration our new procedures.
We hope this new plan will help you at the tern level in selecting the best available and library books for Georgia students.

Class Rings Should Be Purchased through Bid, Says Committee

A committee of the Georgia House of Representatives, looking into local school practices of purchasing rings and other materials needed by seniors, has instructed Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix to inform administrators throughout the State of its decision:
"It is the desire of the General As-

sembly, expressed by the committee, that competitive bids be accepted for rings and other related items," said Mr. Nix.
Information presented to the committee by one company indicated many schools are paying as much as $7 per ring more than they should be. The committee implied that some adminis-

trators might be as a result.
Superintendent mittee that, to his knowledge, no backs were being received. He would recommend to and local boards that legal be initiated against any official pating in such activity.

Page 2

Standards Needed
For Kinderg~rtens,
Says Commzttee

S t Department of Education The ta eare minimum standards of should prep accreditation for kindergartens and
. inspection of them, says a SutupdeYrvCs0emmitte. e of the Georg1.a H ouse of Representatives.
Th Committee charged that some

. tee kindergartens are "nothing

pnva than overcrowded babys1.t.tmg

more agenc

l'es

"

ovember

byThaesirxe-pmoermtb, e~rec1oemasmedi.tteme. ,

was prepared after testimony was

received from experts in the field of

early childhood education and state

school officials.

"While many private kindergartens

are staffed with qualified personnel

and have adequate facilities, concern

was expressed that many private programs in Georgia are detrimental to

children because they instill faulty or

outmoded learning processes in the

children," the report said.

The committee agreed with State school officials and Superintendent Jack P. Nix that a public kindergarten system is essential to upgrading the present elementary and high school system, but indicated it felt implementation of the program should be geared to progress in several areas.

The committee suggested that the kindergarten program be first implemented as demonstration projects in systems that are able to provide the necessary local support.

ETV Featured

An article on Georgia's educational television network appeared m. the October ssue of Broadcast Managem. ent/ Engmeenng and was reprinted

m the Congressional Record at the
Wreq~est of Senator Herman Talmadge.
rontten by. L ou peneguy, d1. rector of

p _gram mformation for ETV the

ararpti1cdlerJesxe palsoraeslearedaesroinns

for Geo'rgia's the ETV field.

a Japanese and Georgia agriculture students get together Jiaing. visit of Japanese students to
the United States. Seated is Hidenori Shirai, representing the Kanoya Agricultural High School in Japan . Standing, left to right, are Wade Griner, president, Patterson, Ga., FFA; Hisao Anraku, Education Bureau, Kagoshima Perfectural Government; Dr. Titus Singletary, Associate State Superintendent of Schools; and J. L. Branch, Georgia Supervisor of Agricultural Education.
Japanese, Georgia Agriculture Students
Exchange Letters, Pictures, Maybe Visits

Vocational Agriculture Departments in five Georgia high schools have set up "sister school" relationships with five agricultural schools in Kagoshima, Japan. according to Jack P. Nix, State Superintendent of Schools.
The program began this year when Glenn Segars, Georgia Department of Agriculture, and a group of Georgians on a "People-to-People" tour visited Kagoshima. Governor Salvero Kanemaru of Kagoshima expressed interest in such a program because Georgia's climatic and agricultural conditions are so similar to those in Kagoshima.
The five Georgia schools and their sister schools in Japan are Tift County High, Tifton, and Prefectural Kanaya Ichiki Agricultural Technology High School; Patterson High and Prefectural Kanaya Agricultural High School; Effingham County High, Springfield, and Prefectural Kaseda Agricultural High School; Berrien County High and Prefectural Satsunan Agricultural High School; Winder-Barrow High, Winder, and Prefectural Ariake Senior High School.
Students from these schools will correspond, exchange pictures, slides and materials concerning agricultural youth groups. Georgia's vo~ag students

are members of the Future Farmers of America.
Plans are being made for an exchange visit next year. The Sister School Program is part of a Sister State Program set up by former Governor Carl Sanders and former Kagoshima Governer, Katsushi Terazona, when Sanders visited Japan. It is the first such program set up by any state.
In announcing the plan, Superintendent Nix said, "I feel this program will be mutually beneficial in many ways to the schools and communities involved. Certainly, it will enhance understanding and goodwill between our countries."
New Publications
New Publications: Innovative Programs in Agriculture Education, highlighting a few outstanding programs throughout the United States, 35 cents from AVA. When the County Superintendent Takes Office, explaining procedure for running for this office and taking over the responsibilities, free, Georgia Department of Education, Publications Office.

Page 3

Story Begins on Page One
"But the fire marshal~ used the 1967 National Fire Safety Code to judge the plans," explained Mr. Bailey, "and these have not yet been adopted by the State. In fact, a public hearing must be held before new regulations can be adopted."
(A hearing was to be held December 15.) Compt. General James L. Bentley, State Fire Safety Commissioner since 1963, has met with the Superintendent and members of the State Board of Education to exp!ain his Department's position on the proposed regulations. He said: "This is a vitally needed change in terms of public safety. The 1948 code under which Georgia is now operating has simply become outdated with the passage of time." Action at the last session of the General Assembly provided that the Comptroller General's Office and the State Fire Marshal can revise and adopt new fire safety regulations.
National Code Proposed
Bentley proposes to adopt as Georgia's Building Exits Code and Fire Safety Code the "Life Safety Code 1967" of the National Fire Protection Association.
"Georgia has never really had a code of its own," said Mr. Bailey. "The state adopted the 1948 code-and this applies to all buildings, not just school buildings-but it has never been updated. Since 1952 when the School Building Authority [now Georgia Education Authority (Schools)] was established, schools in the State have been built according to standards much more strict than the 1948 code."
Mr. Bailey surveyed school plant officials in 18 Southeastern states belonging to the Interstate School Building Group. He received 14 replies to his query, which asked which Fire Safety Code was in effect in each of the states, and the officials' opinions on the two requirements of the 1967 code which are in question.
Of the 14 replies received, 12 states had developed their own codes or adopted codes other than the Life Safety Code. Only two operate under the code Georgia proposes to adopt. Kentucky, one of the two, operates under the ne:w code, but its interpretation allows a windowless building which is not sprinkled. North Carolina, which has adopted the national code, has modified it to allow interior rooms with exits on two corridors to meet code specifications.
The consensus among the states replying was that requirements of the National Code as to windowless and air conditioned buildings are too strict.
Two Points in Question
The two points of the code in question are relatively new ideas in school construction, so they are not covered in the 1948 code.
One is the requirement of a one-hour fire resistive cor-
Page 4

A New Fire Safety Code For Georgia ..
IS IT TOO ST

For man y years most G eorgia schools were built according to th e -plan, above. It is difficult to aircondition and to sprinkle, so architects and school building officials developed the compact plan, below. Such a plan is economically constructed and heated. But som e experts say it is not fire safe because it
has interior rooms with out windo ws . . .
junj j j T j j j,_.
Floor Plan

ridor wall construction. This requirement will prevent the use of corridors or spaces over corridors for return air to air conditioning systems, because the corridor walls or doors cannot be pierced with return air grilles.
The other requirement is that all windowless school buildings shall be sprinkled. The Fire Marshal is applying this restriction to compact type buildings if the building contains any inside instruction areas which have no direct exit to the outside, regardless of how many windows are in the peripheral rooms .
Mr. Bailey explains the D epartment's position on the first requirement this way :
" Almost all the buildings we are constructing now are air-conditioned, and for the past few years we have invested almost $50 million per year in new buildings. These have been built according to standards more strict than the 1948 safety code, and with great success. We feel that a windowless building of fire-resistive construction is safe. It is impossible for a fire to start without detection if a building is occupied . For this reason we have allowed the use of corridors for air return . Smoke will be detected much more quickly if it gets out in the corridor this way than if it goes through ducts to some mechanical device which would detect the smoke, shut the system off and sound an alarm ."
"We have never, to my knowledge, lost a school building to fire in Georgia while it was occupied. And I do not believe we have ever lost a child in a school fire ," he said .
Matter of Interpretation
The second requirement, concerning sprinkling wmdowless buildings, is a matter of interpretation , Mr. Bailey thinks.
"The present interpretation, which is very strict, classifies as windowless any building with windows on the perimeter, but with interior rooms. Our fire safety practices in Georgia are excellent," said Mr. Bailey . "Children and teachers are well trained . Our schools are one-story and of fire-resistive construction. We think they are safe, even without sprinklers. A sprinkler system is designed to save the building, anyway; it does not stop the smoke and fumes from which most fire fatalities and injuries occur.
"To be sure, Georgia has school buildings which should be sprinkled . They are th e two story , frame buildings :which are now obsolete. But there is no need to sprinkle a new building of the compact type we are now building of fire-resistive construction," said Mr. Bailey.
Would Be Step Backward
Of course Georgia school buildings will be built according to the proposed code if it is adopted, say school offici als . But Mr. Bailey thinks adhering to the regulations as they are now being interpreted would set the state's school building program back many years.
" We would be forced to return to the E-shaped lloor plan , which we have struggled so long to break away from, " he said.
Page 5

on Education

Michigan's State Board of Education thinks along the same lines as does Georgia's. A request from the Board to Governor Romney asks an $11.8 million appropriation to improve education in the ghetto areas of major Michigan cities. Major item is $7 million to reduce class sizes in grades kindergarten through second grade tn no more than 15 pupils. This would apply in school district attendance areas where at least 50% of the families had an income of less than $2,000 in 1960.
Georgia proposes an amendment to the Minimum Foundation Program of Education Law which would set the pupil-teacher ratio for all classes at not more than 25 pupils per teacher. Plans are to make the ratio 20-to-1 in the first two grades.
Fortune Grammar School in LaFayette has been cited nationally as a model school because of the success of its Operation Head Start Program. The school was featured on the educational television program, "Milestones in Georgia." LaFayette and Walker County were also chosen as one of 30 pilot Follow Through projects in the Nation. Miss Gale Wood is county coordinator of the Head Start project. E. G. Summers is Walker County superintendent.
Georgia is among 17 states in the nation that have raised their support for public education to historic highs this year, reports Education U.S.A. Georgia raised its 1966-67 school aid to $298 million, an increase of about $3 4 million over the previous year, without a tax increase. Gains achieved in five of the 17 states: California, Ohio, Maryland , Iowa and Nebraska, were rated as "massive advances" by the publication.
Today's public school teacher is considerably younger than ten years ago and makes more money, reports a survey by the Research Division of NEA. The report, "The American Pub-
Page 6

lie School Teacher, 1965-66," shows the median age of today's teacher is 36 as compared to 42.9 in 1956. Women make up 68 per cent of the teaching staffs in elementary schools, while men account for 82 per cent in high schools. Men have a slight edge in salaries, averaging $6,639 as against $6,077 for women.
Governor Lester Maddox, writing in "The Coordinator," newsletter of Project COG in South Central Georgia, praises efforts of the COG Committee to establish an area vocationaltechnical school in the 33-county area. He writes: "Not all of Georgia's youngsters can go to college after graduating from high school. Neither, in our world of increasing technology and skilled employment, do they wish to have to compete for jobs without adequate skills. It is predicted that by 1975 only 4.7 per cent of all jobs in Georgia will be in the field of unskilled labor. Vocational-technical schools can help fill our obviously necessary training needs ."
A survey conducted by Nation's Schools indicates that most school administrators would choose an instructional materials center and oper-
Miss Martha Nell Allman, Chief, School Payment Section, Department of Education, displays a letter she received from students at South Jackson Elementary School in Clarke County. She visited the school during Standards application earlier this fa ll, and the letter is a thank-you for a "Hallow een surprise" she gave the children.

The American Library has asked the Georgia Department Education to remain on the tion's rotating membership of which select "Notable Books." it was time for the Georgia Unit to rotate off the list, the tion asked of Miss Lucile Nix, Coordinator, that the Unit remain the committee because of the ing contribution from the Library Services Unit. Miss Bronson has served as chairman the committee for the past four
velopment and Exceptional of the Department of Education sponsor a statewide conference early childhood education at the ter for Continuing Education in A January 11-13. School personnel are involved in planning or in ating early childhood education grams in city and county school terns will attend.
Three $5,000 Ford Foundation lowships are available at Stanford versity for graduate studies in ing education. Those applying have an interest in financing and careers in state departments education or in large local <:v~tenD

Curriculum Project

Plans for Future .

c;eorg.t~,~laDnetpaarCtmityenSt cohfooElduScyastitOemn

and the representatives among co-

both have f "Education System for
othrediSnaetvoernstteos," a. coope.rati.ve program
foreduCational mnovatwn. . . aim of the proJect, whtch

aPsnbemgaurny by the U S Office o.f Edu-

rciactut.oIun,mt.s-a

dceusirgrinciunlgumanforortghaem8c0

curper

cent of Youth who or other post-high

do not school

e.mn~tetrJ.tcuot.lwlensg.e

s1dtuedae1ntpsrowgirthammsorwe ofulelxd!.bp1.1r1.otyvtm.de chthoeosse-

ing jobs. Such a curriculum, designers thi~k,

thh~loitusldwmilplinroiomvfifudemer

vocational educat.wbn students several JO college and technical

sschoo'l entry requirements, and 'T1fe-

adjustment" curriculum for a better

understanding of society.

Seventeen school systems in fourteen states are participating in the

project. Dr. John Letson represents the Atlanta School System in the network. Robert Shigley represented State Superintendent Jack P. Nix at a review of the project in Washington in November.
At the beginning of the project a strictly federal-local relationship de-

veloped but the Office of Education

feels that this situation should be

changed and state departments of edu-

cation should become directly involved, Shigley said.

In his report to Dr. Nix, Mr. Shigley
made several suggestions. He felt that ~tate departments must become vitally

tnvolved, more vocational education should be emphasized and a stronger

state-local emphasis should develop to av01'd a standard approach to secon-
dary education which could lead to a nHational curncu1urn and assessment.
e felt that the purposes of the effort

are. both desirable and overdue. The
proJect, according to Mr. Shigley, is a D.leans for Imp1ementm. g a comprehenSIVe high school.

Seven Department of Education employees are among State employees recognized for 40 years service to Georgia. Governor Lester Maddox , center, presented certificates to, left to right, W. L. Flannagan, Otis Dyer, B. B. Sanders, Mrs. A. P. Jarrell, who accepted for the late Dr. Jarrell, Joe T. DeFoor, Miss Florence England and Miss Florrie Still.

Education Projects to Get $3.9 Billion

Final appropriation for programs of the U. S. Office of Education total $3.9 billion for fiscal 1968, reports Education U.S.A. Washington Monitor.
The funds will be distributed this way: ESEA Title I . . . $1,191,000,000
(compensatory programs) ESEA Title II . . . $ 104,457,000
(books and resources) ESEA Title II . . . $ 208,750,000
(supplementary centers)
New Pickens Area School Dedicated
Pickens Area Vocational-Technical School at Jasper held dedication and open house December 9.
Honor guest was Congressman Phil Landrum, for whom the new school is named. Congressman Carl Perkins of Kentucky was speaker, introduced by Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix.
The new Pickens school brings to 21 the number of area schools in Georgia's network of vocational-technical schools. Another will open in 1968 in Carrollton, and the final one in 1969 in the Ben Hill-Irwin area.

Higher Education . . $1,158,194,000 Impacted Areas . . $ 439,137,000
State and local education agencies have been aware for some time that no state would receive less in fiscal 1968 than it did in fiscal 1967.
The 1968 figure is $21 million less than was appropriated in 1967, but some activities of the National Defense Education Act have been shifted to the Office of the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. Also, appropriations for Indian and migrant children will come in a supplemental bill later, because authorization for the programs has not yet been extended.
Title I of ESEA increases about $147 million over last year's figures.
***
Appropriations for vocational education for FY 1968 total $283,611,455. Smith-Hughes Act funds are $7,161.455; George Barden, $49,991,000; Vocational Education Act of 1963, Grants to States-$199,309,000, Research-$13,550,000; Work Study$10,000,000; National Vocational Student Loan Act of 1965, $3,600,000. Manpower Development and Training Act funds of $385,497,000 were ap-
propriated to the U. S. Labor Depart-
ment.

Page 7

ON BOARD ... (Continued from Page 1)

vey of future electrical needs at North Georgia Technical-Vocational School; approved FY 1968 school budgets with deficit elimination plans for Dade, Decatur, Jackson, Jeff Davis, Johnson, Lincoln and Washington Counties; received as information a request of Supt. Sam Wood of Athens for financing the State Impact Law; postponed until December action on amendments to School Bus Specifications and Transportation policies; denied a request for damages at ETVWACS, Dawson, because of lack of authority to settle such claims; approved revisions of priority in the Spalding County "G" Building Application; denied a request of Armstrong State College to waive the requirement of one year of teaching for participants in the workshop which is serving as a substitute for student teaching (the Instruction Committee suggested that school systems and colleges be encouraged to plan appropriate experiences for beginning teachers who are not properly certified and for credit to be given by the college); approved Georgia Southern College's Programs for Reading Specialists (Fifth Year) and School Admin istration (Sixth Year); approved bid specifications and the

official notice as submitted by the Textbook Committee and approved the following persons to serve as membersat-large of the . Textbook Committee: Mrs. Dorothy Bozeman, curriculum director, Sumter County Schools, Americus; and D r. Betty Smith, principal, H arrison High School, West Point; postponed until December action on the Proposed State Plan for Kindergartens; approved establishment of an Advisory Committee fo r Early Childhood Education; deferred until December presentation of the pro-

posed State Plan fo r Driver tion ; approved a cooperative between the Division fo r '-'Al:er\t;.. Children and the D ivision of tiona! R ehabilitation whereby in secondary EMR classes may pate in a Work-Study Program proved the State Plan for Title ' the Elementary and Secondary tion Act (Education of the capped).
Next Committee meetings: J 11. .
Next Board meeting: J anuary

HEAD LINERS

Mary E. Switzer, who headed the Vocational R ehabi litation Administration of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare for 17 years, has been appointed administrator of the newly established Social and R ehabilitation Service of H E W . . . Lee Franks, Executive Director of E ducational Television Services fo r the Georgia D epartment of Education, has been ap-

the State Department of Education been elected a member of the ' of Directors of American Traffic Safety Education a department of the NEA . . . Co nstitution Publisher Ralph and State Board of Education Robert B. Wright, Jr., of Moultrie been invited to serve on the Citizens Committee for Public

pointed to a five-year term with the

National Ed ucational Television Affili-

ates Comm ittee, which serves as liaison between the 130 ETV stations and

NET ... J. B. Angelo Crowe, Driver

and Safety Ed ucation Consultant for

GEORGIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION State Ofllce Building
Atlanta, Georgia 30334

JACK P. NIX State Superintendent of Schools

GEORGIA ALERT

Published Monthly September-June by

Publications and Information Services Jarrot Lindsey, Jr., Director

Ofllce of Department Staff Services

Anne Raymond

Editor

Jean Chapman

. Art Editor

Return Requested

.STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
ON BOARD ...
Peters Re-elected For Ninth Term
Dr. James S. Peters, Chairman of the State Board of Education since February 1959, was reelected to the office fo r the ninth consecutive term at the December meeting of the Board.
Dr. James Peters
Dr. Peters represents the Sixth Congressional District on the Board. Robert B. Wright, Jr. , of Moultrie, was reelected Vice Chairman of the Board.
***
In other action the Board: Upheld a ruling of the Wilkinson County Board of Education consolidating Hall-Monroe, Gordon, Toomsboro and Irwinton Elementary Schools; revoked certificates of two Columbia County teachers who had broken their contracts and voted to censure a third Columbia County teacher, Mrs. Gladys Smith; declined to change current policy concerning pay status of teachers who complete requirements for new certification during the school year; passed a resolution calling upon the Office of Economic Opportunity to insure effective and orderly transfer of financial responsibility of the Atlanta Employment Evaluation and Service Center by continuing to finance the project through Oct. 31, 1968, as originally planned; approved the GEA (Schools) Bond Series, 1968; reap-
(Continued on Page 8)

ion's Role Today
January, 1968 Volume 2, No. 4
Congress Funds ESEA; State Legislators Meet
Congress has funded the Elementary and Secondary Education Act for two years, with an authorization of $9 .3 billion for fiscal years 1969 and 1970.
Most important feature of the legislation is advance funding of ESEA. Starting in fiscal 1969, ESEA funds are to be appropriated one year in advance of the year in which they will be obligated.
Georgia's share of Title I ESEA funds is $3 8 million, about $3 million more than last year. Programs under Title I benefit disadvantaged, handicapped and delinquent children and children of migratory workers.
The formula for determining Title I allocations sets the poverty line at $2,000 annual income, rather than increasing the level to $3,000 as provided in the 1966 amendments. The bill provides, however, that no state shall receive less during 1969 and 1970 than it received in 1967. A new provision of the bill eliminates re-allocation of unused funds within a state.
Education officials estimate that because of this new rule the State will lose at least $4Y4 million which would have been used by 29 school systems cut off from federal funds because of non-compliance.
Other changes in ESEA provide that under Title III 75% of funds in 1969 will be turrlea over to the states for administration by them, and 100% in 1970. For fiscal 1969 only, the U.S. Commissioner of Education may disapprove up to 50% of a state's plan. The bill establishes state advisory committees for this title.
Under Title V, the bill gives states 95% of the money with the stipulation that ten per cent be allocated to local education agencies to assist them in planning. Five per cent is reserved for the U. S. Commissioner for comprehensive planning grants.
Title VI establishes a new program for handicapped children.
Gov. Lester Maddox presented his budget recommendation to the Georgia General Assembly on Friday following the Assembly's convening on Jan. 9.
The Governor made a strong plea for granting of the $558 pay raise for teachers promised during the last session of the Assembly. His total budget for elementary and secondary education in the State amounts to $359,614,365 in State funds. His recommendation does not include funds for kindergartens, 12-months schools, new
(Continued on Page 2)

INSIDE

EDUCATION
with State School Superintendent Jack P. N i x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A constitutional amendment which will have far-reaching effects on the progress of public education in Georgia has been introduced in the General Assembly. I believe, because of the implications House Resolution 191-597 has for the future of all Georgians, that we should closely examine its provisions. We would not attempt to tell any unit of government how it should raise revenue. But we do believe that no new tax measures should be adopted without careful consideration of their long-range effect on the balance of the tax structure.
House Resolution 191-5 97 would limit the tax levy in any county of the State for public education to 5 mills, instead of the present limitation of 20 mills, unless the people of a county should raise the limit by resolution of the County Board of Education and local referendum. Such a 5 mill levy appiied to the current tax digest would yield $39,100,000 of revenue for the public schools as contrasted with $147,700,000 in local revenues already budgeted for the current school year. If the present level of support is maintained, with no increases in local revenues, additional State funds of $108,600,000 would be required.
In addition to the additional State funds which would be needed, such a drastic limitation on local support would, to a great extent, destroy the principle of equalization of e:lucational opportunity for the rank and file of county systems, particularly in the rural areas, compared with the systems protected by their special charters.
A companion bill to HR-597 (HB 616) will

increase the State sales tax by 1% , with crease to be prorated back to the local It is our understanding that the additional will produce approximately $80,000,000 of ditional State revenue.
Even if an additional 1% sales tax ear for education were possible, it would not the possible loss in local revenue which result from the approval of HR 191-597. $80,000,000 return from the 1% increase in tax would leave $67,700,000 of local be made up in some way. If the $39,100,000 duced by a 5 mill levy is deducted from amount, an additional $28,600,000 of State would still be needed.
Another consideration which is Georgia is to continue operating under a Foundation Program of Education is the fact the implementation of HR 191-597 would local participation in the program of public cation to 7 %, which would be the lowest in nation. State support would increase to 93 the present level of financing should be tained. As you may recall, most school finance believe that the division of dation Program costs between State and sources should range from 80 % State and local to 75 % State and 25% local.
While the intent of those who are socmscJ11 HR 191-597 may be good, I am sincere in belief that such a drastic change in the support for public education needs the most ful scrutiny before action is taken.

Legislators Meet, Consider Budget (Continued from Page 1)

programs for the gifted, or consumable supplies. Funds for driver education, authority lease rentals and some other programs are reduced.
The Department of Education's request for fiscal 1969 totals $376 million, about $50 million more than the current year's funds. The sum includes financing of the $558 teacher pay raise, increased maintenance and operations payments of $1,050 per state-allotted teacher, funding of Section 15 of the MFPE Law (consumable supplies), pilot kindergarten and twelve-months school programs, $2 million in authority le ase rentals, which will capitalize $25 million in school building construction

funds, and smaller increases for transportation, books and materials and other programs.
The Department of Education is also seeking tion which will give the State Board of Education ority to develop minimum standards for non-public at the pre-school, elementary and secondary, school, occupational and vocational levels. Other posed legislation would reduce the pupil-teacher not more than 1-to-25 per ADA , to be 1970. Another Act would allow the transfer of from the Teachers' R etirement System to the State ment System and vice versa.

Page 2

TfiiR~. ?!uP~l!!;:"~R!~!;k~:,~~'~ L~O~~M~- S~PA:d~!~!.~~~EM~!~.

Th1'rd Distnctribute when members
c:ewed a r~~ District Association of
of the Th~ hool Principals sponsored second.ar:en~ents Appreciation Night"

ion; W. M. Murrah, Stewart; James D . Hendricks, Talbot; Ed N. Bailey, Sumter; M. H. Mitcham, Chattahoochee; R . A. Clay, Lee; Jack L. Pokes, Sr.,

Webster; W . H. Elliston, Taylor; John W. Miller, Wilkinson; Clay Mundy, Americus City; E . J. Harrell, Hawkinsville City.

"SSJpertn.
in AJDencu~~m superintendent in the Ea~h sys presented a plaque citing
Dbiimstncfotrwassi.gni'ficant contnbuhons to ccfucatJ.On. Presentatio. ns were ma.de by schoo1 principals m the respective

Macon; Arthur T. Miller, Schley; J. F .
Lovell, Dooly; R. L. Sheets, Crawford; David A . Perdue, Houston; T. E. Hill, p u1ask1' ; Morns A'1ken, Twiggs; E rnest

The program was held at Georgia
Southwestern College with W. E. Lam-
bert of Warner Robins, association pres1'dent, pres1'dm' g.

disAtrIic5t0s. honored with plaques were

Ralph Hobbs of Columbus, Third

M.rs. . t Representative to the State

D JStriC

.

.

Board of EducatiOn; Jack P. Nix,

Georgia Superintendent. of Scho.ols, who was speaker at the dmner me~h~g ;

and C. T. Battle, Director of D1stnct Services, Georgia Department of Edu-
cation. Superintendents honored , and the
ystems they supervise, were Milburn

Dr. William H enry Shaw, left, Superintendent of Muscogee County Schools, and Mrs. Ralph Hobbs of Columbus, Third District Representative to the State Board of Education , were among 24 persons honored in A mericus for their contributions to education. Discussing the evening's events are

Carl Sasser, second from right, principal of Jordan High School of Columbus and vice president of the Third District Association of S econdary School Principals, the organization which sponsored the event, and Herman D ollar, principal of Columbus High School.

Senate Youth Winners Named

James Miller, a senior at College

Park High School, and Stephen Good-

man, senior at Columbus High School,

are representing Georgia in the United

States Senate Youth Program in Wash-

ington Jan. 21-27.

State School Superintendent Jack P.

Nix in announcing the selection of

these students said, "We are fortunate

that Georgia's representatives are of

such high scholastic ability and have

exhibited such interest in the work of

the government of their country."

As participants in the Sixth Annual

United States Senate Youth Program,

the young men will spend a day in

the offices of their Senators visit the
Wh'~e House and hear spe' eches by

leadmg Senators, other political figures cSaubinet members, m1.11. tary men and a'
pTrheme Court Justice.
G e. two youths are sponsored by

eorgJa Senators Richard Russell and

Herman
f\ViniaJnrced

TaImadge. The program is nafIOnally by grants from the

am Randolph Hearst Foundation.

HEADLINERS

H. F. Robinson, Research Dean at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, has been named Vice Chancellor of the University System of Georgia effective April 1. Dr. Roy M. Hall has been named Dean of the School of Education at Georgia State College. Currently Dean of the College of Education at the University of Delaware, he will assume his duties July 1. Dr. Mary Ellen Perkins, Associate Director, Teacher Education and Certification Division, has been elected Second Vice President of the national Association for Student Teaching. Dr. Perkins will subsequently succeed to the positions of First Vice President in 1969 and President in 1970. Gov. Lester Maddox was commended by telegram from the Southeastern Regional Office of the National Education Association for his "expressed determination to secure the full $558 pay raise for the teachers of Georgia." The Georiga Association of School Business Officials held its annual convention Jan. 17-19 at the FFA-FHA

Camp at Lake Jackson. Among program participants were Dr. E. S. Cook, Jr., of Atlanta Public Schools, GASBO President; State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix and Department of Education officials Dr. Kenneth W. Tidwell, Miss Josephine Martin, Warren Post, Bert K. Adams, Charles L. Pruett, John Maddox. Dr. J. Whitney Bunting assumed presidency of Georgia College at Milledgeville Jan. 1. He was formerly Dean of the College of Bus1ness Administration and the Graduate School of Business Administration, the University of Georgia. Gov. Robert E. MrNair of South Carolina is 1967-68 chairman of the Southern Regional Education Board. Supt. R. D. Blakeney of Gainesville has been appointed a member of the Advisory Council of the American Association of School Administrators. Dr. Felix Robb, director of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, has been named to the 1967-68 Citizenship Committee of NEA.
Page 3

Georgia to Expand Program for Handicapped Children

Georgia will expand its program for handicapped children as a result of newly-enacted Title VI of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
The new Title authorizes grants to state agencies for the initiation, expansion and improvement of education programs and supplementary services for handicapped children ages 3-21. Georgia's initial allotment of $52,000 has been used primarily in hiring necessary staff for state program planning. A bill is awaiting the President's signature which would allot $327,000 for Georgia for the remainder of the fiscal year.
A 19-member committee was appointed by State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix to advise the Department on the development of Title VI plans and to provide assistance in the integration of Title VI programming with those services already offered through the Exceptional Children Section. The committee will review project proposals and recommend approval to the Section, will help develop liaison with related groups and provide leadership in the overall program.
Some Payments To Be Delayed
Officials of the Georgia Budget Bureau and Treasurer's Office, concerned over the cash flow from the State Treasury, have announced changes in payment procedures which will mean delays in school payment for some systems.
Beginning Jan. 25, Minimum Foundation Program grants will be requisitioned on the 25th of each month, according to Wilson B. Wilkes, State Budget Officer. Requisitions of cash for capital outlay, authority lease rentals and non-MFPE grants will be delayed until disbursement is required.
The measures are designed to alleviate the lag between treasury receipts and disbursements in the future.

Ten regional meetings were held in July to explain Title VI to representatives of public and private schools and administrators of other Federal projects and programs.
To determine the most pressing
Money, Teachers HVorry Schoolmen
What's worrying schoolmen? An opinion poll conducted by Nation's Schools uncovered the major worries of school board members and school administrators.
Both groups ranked teacher militancy as the third most pressing problem, behind teacher shortage and lack of funds. Many superintendents predicted that teacher shortage would remain the big problem for quite a while due to lack of funds and overcrowding.
Board members, more than administrators, worry about vandalism, overcrowding, desegregation, team teaching and community pressures for innovation. Some cite lack of communication with their communities as a major problem contributing to mutual misunderstandings.
Administrators worry more about teacher shortages, federal red tape, administrative understaffing, student dress and hair styles and experiments with new curriculum. Few administrators mentioned desegregation, but those who did considered it their major problem.
The poll listed 20 problems for schoolmen to rank. Many administrators added to the list such concerns as visiting salesmen, parental and student apathy, paperwork, mothers, school-community relations, individualizin:s instruction and inadequate teacher training.

needs and priorities in forces were appointed and ~espo.nsibility for discussion of IstratiOn, transportation evaluation, legislation, ' planning, communication and ment. Another task force teachers , was appointed ;0 needs and priorities in each handicap. Suggestions and dations from each of these were used to develop final proposals.
Program planners noted of the major needs of gram for handicapped children regional planning. There is need for experimental number of areas with the focus on bridging the gaps in created by political jurisdiction aries.
Programs or projects under will be administered either
local educational agencies. ated by city and county require review and approval Section as well as by the Committee.
***
Also established by Title Bureau of Education for the capped in the U. S. Office of tion and a National Advisory tee. The Bureau will provide ship, guidance and support nationwide program for children and coordinate development activities, programs and improvement of tion services.
The 12-member National Committee will review all Education programs relating to capped children and will ommendations on their aUJ<U-~ and coordination. Dr. Mamie Jo Associate Director, Division of Education and Pupil Personnel, gia Department of Education, appointed to this committee.

Page 4

LEY TO HEAD NEW DIVISION

N Shigley will head a new

. he State Department

In t
n known

as

the

Di.vi.s.iOn

of of

b0ducation and Pupil Personnel

. S perintendent Jack P. Nix
Slafe ; Mr. Shigley's ,appointment
_,oIJenCcOIeDe effective in Ja. nu. ary. R. eo.r. on of certain exlstmg umts m
~artrnent to come under this new ~ bas been a_rproved by the

Sll(lJeidBuodaerdd

of in

EducatiOn. the new .D!V..IS.IOn

under

=III),Shi ley, former d1rector of Pro f!r Educational Improvement will be ~ Secti_on for Pupil

rcnonnel Services mcludmg Counsel-

Guidance and Testing, Visiting

fetchers and Psychological_ Services;

Section for Exceptional Children; the
1
Scbool for the Deaf, and Academy for

die Blind. Dr. Mamie Jo Jones will serve as

Robert Shigley
associate director for the Exceptional Children Section. The associate for Personnel is yet unnamed. Fred Sparks heads up the School for the Deaf in. Cave Spring and Lee Jones is Superintendent of the Academy for the Blind in Macon. These schools have heretofore been under supervision of the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation. The new Division will come under the Office of Instructional Services.

Schools' Donated Foods Up 134%
Domestic food donations by the U. S. Department of Agriculture totaled more than 404 million pounds in the first three months of this fiscal year.
The amount reflects a gain of almost 35% over the same period last year.
Schools received 208.2 million pounds of donated foods during this three-month period, not counting foods purchased by USDA's National School Lunch Program. This is an increase of nearly 134% from the same period a year earlier. It reflects increased school enrollments, greater use of federally donated foods to help offset rising costs in school lunch programs and continually expanding efforts to help provide Iupches for school children in economically depressed areas.

School Offers Summer Abroad

International Cultural Exchange Schools, Inc., a non-profit organizalioa, offers students the opportunity ol 1 summer school in Europe in four countries.

Students 15-21 from all over the Uaited States study and travel together UDder leadership and supervision of qualified educators.

Tuition fee of $695 includes cost

olround trip transportation New York-

Eaaope, all regular meals,' lodging, all

eatrance fees, guide services transfers Idleduled theatres and mu'seums. A'
tour.15 scheduled to fly from Atlanta ' late July. The four weeks travel and

tour carries four college credits in Eu~ history at Steven Henager Col-

.....,, Salt Lake City, Utah.

lJl~ a_F.d_oorO'Hfuartrhee, r

m formation contact
P. 0. Box 7'632, Or-

Fla.

GREEN REPORT URGES CABINET STATUS FOR U.S. EDUCATION

Cabinet status for the U. S. Office of Education is a "must," says Rep. Edith Green (D-Ore.), in a just-released report on USOE.
In the same report, Rep. Green proposes to protect the nation's schools against the "possibly pernicious influence" of the United States government.
The report, containing 150-plus recommendations, was prepared by Rep. Green's House sub-committee on education.
The greatest complaint by school officials contacted during the study, the report states, is late funding of federal school aid programs. The study urges that Congress make appropriations one year in advance of the schools' fiscal year .
The "overwhelming majority" of school officials feel the constitutional restrictions against federal control over American education are being "ade-

quately or reasonably observed," Rep. Green said. "This does not answer the question of the extent to which federal involvement influences state, local and institutional policy decisions through categorical program limitations, regulations, reporting requirements and matching provisions.
"These subtle forces," she said, "could be even more pernicious than overt efforts to impose federal control."
Curriculum Directors Study English Guide
Selected curriculum directors in the State are studying the new English Curriculum Guide during a workshop Jan. 25-27 at the University of Georgia. Sponsors are the University and the Department of Education.

Page 5

on Education

Boston has built only 13 new school buildings since World War II. Forty percent of Boston school children are housed in buildings more than 50 years old. Among the schools still in use is the Quincy School, a building that revolutionized school architecture when it was built in 1847. By contrast, more than one-half the classrooms in Georgia are less than 15 years old. The state builds approximately 1,800 new classrooms every year.
Georgia classrooms received Governor Maddox's state of the State and budget addresses through facilities of the Georgia Educational Television Network. Both speeches were carried live from the State Capitol.
Latest tally on teacher vacancies in Georgia: as of Jan. 2, 186 school systems reported 416 vacancies. Average, about 2114 teachers per system.
The School of Education at Georgia State College has established two new departments: Special Education and Counseling and Educational Psychology, effective immediately. Georgia Southern College has a new Master of Arts in School Psychometry degree program.
" The Devereaux Foundation is of-
fering Graduate Internships in Rehabilitation Counseling, Pre-Doctoral Internships and Post-Doctoral Fellowships in Counseling Psychology at its Pennsylvania School.
One-year stipends from $2 ,800 to $7,000 are available to qualified applicants, depending upon level of training and experience. Preference will be given to graduate and pre-doctoral applicants currently enrolled in approved training programs. Futher information is available from The Devereaux Foundation, Devon, Pa. 19333.
Page 6

Dr. Miriam Felder, Coordinator of Foreign Languages for the Fulton County School System , receives final details on her educational trip to France from Dr. Titus Singletary, left , Associate State Superintendent of Schools, and Arthur Harris, Honorary French Consul who made arrangements for the trip.

Dr. Miriam Felder to Tour France, Study Language Teaching Abroad

Dr. Miriam Felder, Coordinator of Foreign Languages for Fulton County Schools, will spend two weeks in France in February studying the French educational system as guest of the French government.
Dr. Felder was nominated for the honor by Georgia Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix and Fulton County Superintendent Paul West. She was selected by the Office of the French Cultural Counsel.
The tour, which begins Feb. 5, has been planned to allow a small group of top U. S. educators to study the French system of education. The edu-

cators will adapt the knowledge th&J
gain to improve the teaching of FI'CJIIi and other languages in school sys in the United States.
Arrangements for the trip were made by Honorary French Consul of Atl Arthur L. Harris, vice president of Mead Corporation.
Dr. Felder's agenda will include
visits to outstanding schools and cD-
leges, conferences with top French cators and tours of points of cultunl interest. She will talk with officials I the National Teaching Institute, Ill National Education Ministry and Alliance Francaise, the Bureau of search and Liaison for the Propagatill
of the French Language in the Wodl.
the National Pedagogical Institute ... others. She will visit Versailles, Chateau de Fontainebleau and otlll
points.

Dr. Felder gets an official send-off to Fran ce from Governor Lester Maddox.

Directory Ready
The Georgia Educational Dir~c 1967-68, is currently being distnb , by Publications and Information sion, Office of Department Staff vices, Georgia Department of tion.

OL FOOD ALLOTMENTS TOTAL ALMOST $9 MILLION

. ~_.r..g. ta

wd.11

receive Services

$8,984,236 for dun.ng 1968 .

L~O.h- nOI foot represents an m crease of

1II'IJDiiSOSatJi$l07u5n0,OOO

over funds .

in

1966-

J967

ng the allocation , State

Ill announc

.

I superintendent Jack P. NIX

~"We are most grateful for the

said.
~..

h' h
W JC

will

enable

our

scdh.ool

rood PIP"""servt.ces to provide better. an m. -

d food services for ch1ldren m

c:acase. schools. This allotment makes

~8
QeofS18

se cond

only

to

North

C a. r o l i n a

Federal school food aid m the

South"

.

According to Miss Josephme Mar-

Chief Consultant, School Food

Service Program, two Federal pro-

grams allot school food money. The Child Nutrition Act provides funds for needy children participating in school lunch programs, and the National School Lunch Act makes allocations according to numbers of children participating in the lunch program, with additional funds for needy children.
The 1968 allocation will be used this way:
$1.5 million under the Child Nutrition Act will finance the special milk program, which allows needy children to buy extra milk at reduced prices. (A half-pint of milk is part of the regular school lunch.)
An allotment of $88,600 under the Child Nutrition Act will finance Geor-

gia's first statewide school breakfast pro:sram for needy children. Previously, all school breakfasts were provided by either Title I or local funds.
An additional $33,919 under the Child Nutrition Act will be used to purchase non-food items such as machinery and equipment.
National School Lunch Act funds of $7,007,525 will be distributed locally on the basis of the number of children eating school lunches. An additional allotment of $305,067 under this Act will be used to help schools reduce prices or provide free lunches for needy children. The sum. is $192,435 more than last year.

OPINIONS Of the Attorney General

Section 5 of Act (Ga. Code Ann.
32-605) provides:
Public elementary and secondary
IChools of this State receiving State
aid under provisions of this Chapter sbaJl be operated for a period of time 10 be determined by the State Board of Education which shall not be less tban nine months during each fiscal
ICbool year. Twenty school days shall
CODStitute a school month. The fiscal ICbool year shall begin on the first day
of July and end on the 30th of June each year."
The Attorney General states:
"As I see it, Section 5 clearly vests
tbe State Board with authority to have
~ public schools operated for the en~ school year or any other period of time it may desire so long as the
~am statutory requirement of
~ months is not violated. I see no iafirmity in the plan be::ause of the
:mgfact .which you mention of pupils atschool (i.e., 3 of the 4 quar-
~ flollrds)thf.toeroslet.mssopptlheeraanrtettoahsneosnporfetshpeauntbtlSi1ce8cs0tcihdooanoyls5s' ~ot to any required attendance
for pupils enrolled therein . I

think the matter is made even more clear by Section 27 of the Act (Ga. Code Ann. 32-627) which expressly authorizes the State Board of Education to develop and provide for the implementation of a plan for operation of public schools on a year-round basis throughout the State. . . . In determining the intent of the legislature respecting the authority of the State Board of Education to operate public schools on a year-round basis, it is basic that both of these sections (i.e., 5 and 27) must be construed together."
Finalists Named
Names of 1,028 finalists in the Fourth National Achievement Scholarship Program for outstanding Negro students have been announced by the National Merit Scholarship Corp. They were selected from 35,000 Negro students from more than 4,500 high schools. Each of the four geographic regions was allotted a number of finalists proportional to its Negro population in the 1960 census. Georgia has 32 finalists.

Special Education Conference Slated
The Sections of Exceptional Children and Pupil Personnel and Vocational Rehabilitation Special Education Programs will sponsor a statewide institute on special education at Callaway Gardens January 28-31.
Speakers will be Bernard Posner, Deputy Executive Secretary of the President's Commission on Employment of the Handicapped, Washington, D. C., and Jack Dinger, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Special Education at Slippery Rock Teachers College, Slippery Rock, Pa.
Institute participants will attend workshops on vocational rehabilitation equipment and on curriculum for secondary level special education students. Other teachers will demonstrate e:J.uipment and teaching methods and serve as discussion group leaders.
WDCO on the Air
Georgia's newest educational television station, WDCO-TV in Cochran, began programming Jan. 1. The new station, Channel 15, serves the MaconMiddle Georgia area and is the tenth link in the Georgia ETV network.
Page 7

ON BOARD ... (Continued from Page 1)

proved the teacher education program at Berry College for five years; approved Georgia Southern College teacher education program at the sixth year level leading to certification as Associate School Psychologist and program leading to the master's degree and certification as School Psychometrist; approved criteria for driver education programs for the summer of 1968; deferred until the January meeting the following items: report on Section I 'L (athletic directors) , state plan for reading, report on dropouts, gifted program; agreed to voice no objection to the Fayette County Board of Education's leasing a building in the Peachtree City Area, provided the building meets all building requirements of the State Board; recommended that Department architects and engineers inspect the Warner Robins High School building to determine whether or not the building was constructed under plans approved by School Plant Services; approved a revised plan of operation for the Surplus Property Distribution Unit; approved school system budgets with deficit elimination plans for Barrow, Chattooga, Dooly, Evans and Haralson counties; withheld action on the request of Telfair County for consid-

eration to replace an obsolete building pending additional information; requested additional information on a proposed consolidation at St. Marys; referred to the State Transportation Committee proposed changes in State Board policy on pupil transportation; approved Revised School Bus Purchase Specifications for 1968; rebudgeted to

Clayton County $217,503 in
made available by Candler Board of Education's building application in the Series "G" Golf Bond Issue.
***
Next Committee meetings: ary 14.
Next Board meeting:

Court Rules State Tax Money

For School Lunch Program Illegal

The Georgia Supreme Court has ruled it is illegal to spend state education funds for school lunch purposes. However, according to Miss Josephine Martin, State School Lunch Supervisor, the court's ruling does not necessarily mean an increase in the price of lunches. Legislative provisions have been made for county and independent school systems to use local funds to help support school lunch operations. The State Board of Education at its January meeting passed a resolution urging local school boards to provide assistance to the extent possible.
The State has been supplementing

the salaries of school lunchroom ers who took part in training offered by the Department of tion. If the court's decision full cost of paying the State's lunchroom workers will fall on county systems.
To pay for the preparation serving of lunches, Georgia's 195 systems will have to spend at additional $2 million annually, Martin estimates. Of the 2,033 and private schools in the but four have food service and are likely to be affected, she
A constitutional amendment ing the use of State tax funds for lunch purposes will come voters in November.

Acq uistitions Div.

University University

oofr

Ga. Libraries Georgia

Athens, Ga. 30601

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
ON BOARD ...
PTA Report Prompts Study
The Department of Education is studying the possibility of including education in family life and communicable diseases in the public school curriculum.
Under direction of the Board, the study is being made as follow-up to a PTA report on the status and future of instruction in venereal disease in Georgia schools.
The PTA made its survey at the request of the State Board under direction of the Georgia Legislature. Mrs. LeRoy A. Woodward, president of the Georgia Congress of Parents and Teachers, and Mrs. Narvie J. Harris, president of the Georgia Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers, conducted the study through local units of the PTA.
A summary of survey replies revealed that parents and teachers are "overwhelmingly in favor" of including this subject matter in the health curriculum. Only 14 of the 325 groups that returned the questionnaire were hesitant to support the idea. And these were concerned primarily with educational technique rather than the basic question .
Many Georgia schools, the survey found, include V.D. instruction in the curriculum, but most do not. Seventyone responding groups indicated the instruction was included.
State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix, who received the PTA report, recommended that further analysis of the curriculum be made before including instruction in the area of communicable disease.
(Continued on Page 8)

\II,IW . . I\.""11 11 I - ---~~-.
MAR 1 1 1968

~( \

LIBRAR IE S
... A Lo~~~~m.~~r-~Ye Today
Febr-ry, 1968 Volume 2, No. 5

Atlanta A rea Technical School, a part of Georgia's statewide network of A rea Vocational-Technical Sch ools, dedicated this new plant in ceremonies this month. The lar~;est vocational-technical school in the Southeast, it will accommodate 2,000 students at any one time. It is administered by Atlanta Public Schools and is a joint endeavor of Atlanta and Fulton County Schools and the Vocational Division of the Georgia Department of Education . (Mo re pictures on pages 4 and 5)
Atlanta, Pickens
Dedicate Schools
Dedication of Pickens Area Vocational-Technical School brought together two Congressmen vitally concerned with vocational education. Left to right, below, are Phil Landrum of Georgia and Carl Perkins of Kentucky, members of Congress, and Glenn Burgess, Chairman of the Board of Pickens Area Technical School.

INSIDE

EDUCATION
with State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix----------------~!

Until the mid-1950's it was generally believed that the way to increase national income was through reinvestment of capital in material things-factories, stock, machinery. Economists and businessmen both believed it. But economists at MIT began about ten years ago to investigate this assumption. They discovered that when the work force of a country receives more education, the corresponding rise in its level of wages and salaries is translated directly into increases in the national income.
It appears now, according to current estimates, that money invested in education yields a return at least onethird - and perhaps as much as one-and-a-half times more than that invested in material goods. Part of this increase comes from the higher incomes of educated people, but part of it comes from their higher productivity, too.
Industrialists and businessmen in this nation are looking at each State in terms of its willingness to educate its citizens. Just recently 1 spent some time with educators and businessmen in the Bibb-Houston County Area. As you know, Houston County is the site of one of the five largest Air Force installations in the country-Warner Robins Air Materiel Area. Officials at the Base have conducted a survey of the Base's 18,000 civilian employees to determine the educational level of civilian personnel on the Base. Why?
National military officials are keeping tabs on the educational levels at each of the five bases. When and if the time comes to close one, the choice will be made on the

basis of which installation has the lowest overall educational level.
WRAMA, a vital force in the economy of Georgia area, rates second in the group of five the number of high school graduates. But in the education beyond the high school level, Robins is The combined payroll of 18,000 civilians and tary personnel at WRAMA amounts to $150 nually in income for the Middle Georgia Area.
I can give no clearer example of the importance cation. Without a doubt, future economic growth country will be in those areas where the citizens the responsibility for a program of education minimum.
In the 1969 budget request, we are projecting consider reasonable needs of education in elementary and secondary school level. Even needs met, however, Georgia cannot stop in its progress. We will need more funds for more the future, if this State is to be the leader, the State of the South.
This month the Department staff and I nr,.,,.,,._, needs to the Appropriations Committees of the House and Senate. They gave us a courteous, fair I believe the legislators know the importance of in Georgia, and that they will fund our proposals fullest extent they think possible.
Georgia's progress, both economically depends upon its progress in education.

Metro-Atlanta Systems Plan 12-Months School Operation

Eight metropolitan school systems in Atlanta are planning to begin yearround operation of their high schools next September. The program hinges on the availability of state money.
The systems are Atlanta, Fulton County, DeKalb County, Decatur, Cobb County, Marietta, Gwinnett County and Clayton County.
The Georgia Department of Eduction is asking the General Assembly to appropriate $2 million next year to help finance the program and possibly other pilot projects around the state. The state money would be used primarily for teachers' salaries for the

extra quarter. According to the plan, the eight met-
ropolitan systems will operate their high schools on a quarterly basis next September. In the beginning, all students will be required to attend school for all of the first three quarters. Then they will be given the opportunity to volunteer for the summer quarter of 1969 and to choose any two of the next three quarters they wish to attend. They also may elect to attend all four quarters and finish high school in three years.
Planners have been working on the program for two years. An intersystem

steering committee is cornp1e~ plans. Another intersystem is working on curriculum
Dr. Douglas McRae, deputy intendent of Fulton County said the quarterly format ned "involves a complete tion of the subject matter in of the curriculum in order to rigid sequence that has been up to this time."
The quarterly system, he will allow students to take jects without having to have requisites now re~uired.

Page 2

ETV FILMS SOLONS

. ETV Network cameras rolled into the State Capitol Legis-

'-'"'f ~h ber to cover a committee report of pending education a:ittee members discussed various bills as students within

*lillsiO:::tion network watched in their classrof:!m~. During the last

1161/

the
f!lns to

othnee-lheoguisrlaptorrosg. rNamet,wsoturkdeon~tcsiawlesrerelm!ovrlttethde

to telephone venture was

fWSIIO ssful that pupils' calls were bemg recezved almost an hour

111~ht end of the telecast. The Georgia Ne~wor~,. owned ; an~

II/ ftlltd by tlze Georgia Department of Educatzon, zs the natzon s

~Jf interconnected ETV state network.

ystems May Submit Proposals for Gifted Programs

Georgia school systems were given

tbe go-ahead to design and establish

ial educational programs for the

gifted by action of the Stat~ Board

of Education in January.

The Board approved the State Plan

for the Gifted, developed by staff of

tbc Office of Instructional Services,

Georgia Department of Education.

School systems are to plan, accord-

ing to their own needs and the needs

of students in their area, individual

programs to reach the intellectually

gifted. Brief, preliminary proposals are

1o be submitted to the Department of

Education by April 1. Systems will be

notified of approval plans by April 15,

aod those which receive approval are

lo ubmit detailed plans by June 1.
~yste~ submitt~g approved plans

Yiith be .giVen spectal financial grants ~tch to operate their programs.

Assunung that the Georgia General

mbly
~ 200

ap~r~?nates
to ~tbate thi

the requested s program, the

aran ent will use as a rule-of-thumb

~of $10,000 per project.

n...... ~tate plan notes that "providing

D-.e.e.duscotiof n.at programs to meet the

lad mtellectually gifted children YOUth is a JOmt responsibility of

the State and of. each local school system."
According to national figures, approximately two percent of the total school population is intellectually gifted. If this figure is applied to the anticipated school enrollment figure for the 1968-69 school year, Georgia can expect to have approximately 23 ,000 intellectually gifted enrolled in
ETV FOCUSES ON EDUCATION
Georgia education today is the topic of a series of programs being produced and aired weekly by the Georgia Educational Television Network. Ten-minute programs are shown on Mondays at 12:30 p.m., Wednesdays at 9:30 a.m., Thursday at 7:45 p.m., and Sundays at 5:30p.m.
The series, titled "Education in Focus" includes appearances by Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix and members of the Department of Education staff alternating with documentary films on current education topics.

public schools during the coming school year.
Until now, the Governor's Honors Program, which began in 1964, was the only state-supported program for the gifted in Georgia. This summer residential program reaches only 400 students annually.
The State Plan suggests that s,chool systems having a small number of gifted children cooperate with neighboring systems in developing multisystem plans. It also recommends that teachers working with such programs should have completed at least ten quarter hours of study in the education of the gifted before the opening of the program, and that completion of an approved program at the graduate level should be required for teachers continuing in the field .
The Department urges that local systems develop totally new plans for the gifted student, using specially trained teachers and teaching methods. Systems should not attempt to provide enrichment for the gifted in the regular grades, expecting existing staff to absorb this additional program into the already overcrowded and understaffed general program.

Page 3

Atlanta, Pickens Area
Schools Dedicated
Georgia Senator Herman Talmadge, right, is speaker for dedication of Atlanta A rea Technical School. He is introduced by State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix, next photograph. On page five are scenes from the Atlanta Area School-the cafeteria, left, and the computer room where data processing technology is taught. The new campus is located off the South Expressway between Lakewood and Stewart A venues. It has two air-conditioned buildings with a total of 300,000 square feet. The building has 40 shops, 60 classrooms, 22 laboratories and eight drafting rooms, in addition to administrative areas, special rooms for audio-visual preparation, instructional materials preparation, health clinic, closed circuit television, library, cafeteria and conference room.

Business May Deduct Education Contributions, Says Court

Industry can contribute money to public school systems and then deduct it as non-taxable business expense, according to a recent U. S. District Court decision.
A Georgia system, Jefferson City Schools in Jackson County, figured in the historic case, reported in the magazine, "Nation's Schools."
The plaintiff in the case, Jefferson Mills, Inc., operates a textile mill in Jefferson and has given money for several years to the local school board. Georgia Department of Education officials estimate that during the last 15 years the firm has contributed more than a half million dollars to the city school system.
At the end of each year, the mill wrote off the total amount of these contributions on its income tax as business expense. U. S. tax officials, however, challenged the deductions, claiming they were gifts and therefore subject to taxes.
Seeking judicial support, the mill finally paid $42,000 in back taxes and penalties and then brought suit to recover the money.
Facts in the case disclosed that the corporation had contributed funds to the board after conducting a survey that indicated the board could improve

instruction but lacked the money to do so. At the time of the survey, the mill was considering a plant expansion and
Tidwell Joins Research Lab
Dr. Kenneth W. Tidwell is the new Associate Director for Program Operations for the Southeastern Education Laboratory, a research laboratory financed through Title IV of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
Dr. Tidwell had been Assistant Superintendent of the Office of Staff Services, Georgia Department of Education, since 1964. He is succeeded by Bert K. Adams, Comptroller in the Department, as acting head.
The former assistant superintendent came to Georgia from Nashville, Tenn., where he was for two years Director of Business Management and Research for the Tennessee Education Department. He received the B.S. degree in business from Austin Peay State College in Tennessee and the Master's and Doctor's degrees from George Peabody College for Teachers. In 1966 he served as consultant in school management and education administration to the Virgin Islands Department of Education.

ployees were a must for the it anticipated. Three possible, the corporation's decided: It could either move to a location served by better establish and operate its own or contract with the Board of tion to upgrade existing :s\.:lllUOJS.
After several discussion the mill and the Board entered
to giv7 substantial money to trict, which the district agreed to "provide an adequate program in terms of fessionally trained personnel up-to-date curriculum versified training program, arts, commercial and ence and mathematics courses."
The court ruled in favor of and ordered the government the tax money and penalties.
One-Fourth Drop Out
Latest statistics on the high dropout rate were disclosed in Office of Education report showed that one-fourth of the young people fail to graduate 12th grade.

Page 4

ew York Plans Pre-Kindergarten
While Georgia's legislature debates 011 funding a program which would
lead to statewide, free public kinder-
prtens for five-year-olds, New York considering offering free public education to all three- and four-year-old children on a voluntary basis by 1974.
This long-range proposal by the Slate Board of Regents will hopefully begin in 1968-69 with a 100% increase in the state appropriation for experimental kindergarten programsfrom $5 million to $10 million. The
tint phase, 1968-70, would concentrate
Oil disadvantaged children. The next
lour-year phase would involve all four-
Jear-olds whose parents want them to
lttcnd. The third phase, 1974-78,
would offer free pre-kindergarten to all
three and four-year-olds.
Superintendent of Schools Jack P. ix, in an appearance before the Ap~riations Committee of the Georgia legislature, told the legislators "I do IIOt foresee in my lifetime" a program
~ free public education below the
~rgarten le~el in Georgia.
" e Supermtendent cited New ork'.s PI1ot program in answer to a
n Cfllestiolt from a legislator wondering
be rWe hat.aged0 we stop? W1.ll we ever
n:chmg into the cradle?"
Department is requesting $3

COMPUTER TEACHING FIRST COURSE

Florida University has initiated the first accredited college course being fully taught by a computer. The computer teaches introductory physics to a class of 30 freshmen students as part of a rigidly controlled experiment. The study is being conducted under a USOE grant.
Computers will be ready for grand scale use in the classrooms of the nation's elementary and secondary schools within three to four years, predicts R. Louis Bright, associate commissioner for the U. S. Office of Education's Bureau of Research.
Bright said it is now possible to use computers in learning situations for about $1.40 per student hour, the average cost of today's special aid programs. Local schoolmen should not plan to implement the computer now, he said, but in three or four years the computer should be ready for use to teach reading and arithmetic in the early grades and for language instruction at all levels. The computer also has great potential for teaching music, drawing and art, because it excels in teaching discrimination between what is good composition and what is not, Bright said.
Instruction of subject matter will be only one of the computer's school roles,
million to launch a pilot kindergarten program in Georgia next year.

Bright continued. Studies show that the machine can be used for administrative purposes and for teaching data processing and computer technique to high school students.
Measles Vaccine To be Offered
The Georgia Department of Public Health and the Georgia chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, in an effort to eliminate measles from the childhood population, is sponsoring a massive measles immunization program in Georgia. It will be carried out at the county level during the coming months.
State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix has urged system superintendents to cooperate with county health- officials in making the vaccine available. It is expected that local health officials will request use of schools for the purpose of distributing the vaccine to the population.
"We realize that offering the vaccine through schools will mean an interruption in the school day, but we feel that if measles is eradicated student attendance will increase greatly and the program will be more than worth the effort," said H. Luten Teate, Jr., president of the Greater Atlanta Pediatric Society.

Page 5

Fulton County has been cited by the HEW Office for Civil Rights as a model example of the "total plan" approach to school desegregation. The county board of education has replaced freedom of choice with a comprehensive schedule to eliminate de jure segregation by closing some schools, transferring pupils and reassigning faculty members on a desegregated basis. As of Feb. 1, Georgia had 29 school systems cut off from federal funds, more than any other state in the nation. Nine additional systems have their funds deferred, subject to cut-off.
Almost nine of every ten school children in the United States were helped by new teaching materials purchased during the first year of Title II of ESEA, a program to strengthen school libraries. Title II provided more than $85 million in grants to the states during the 1965-66 school year. Average expenditure per child in elementary school for library materials increased from $2.70 in 1965 to $5 in 1966.
For the first time in this century, there are enough jobs available to handle not only Georgia's increasing population, but to attract residents from other states as well, reveals a recent study by Georgia Tech's Industrial Development Division. According to the report, "Industrial Development in Georgia, 1958-65," 81 ,000 more people settled in Georgia than left the State between 1960-65. The consequent employment rise boosted Georgia's total income and the State's percentage of the total U. S. per capita income. BUT . . . the gap in actual dollars is widening. In 1965, Georgia's per capita income was $2,159 compared with $2,746 for the U. S., a difference of $587. If the trends since 1929 are continued to 1985, this difference will widen to $690.
G. G. Bailey, engineer for School Plant Services, Georgia Department of Education, contributed two chapters in
Page 6

the forthcoming book, "What Went Wrong: Planning and Design Factors Affecting Maintenance and Operation," to be published by the Council of Educational Facility Planners. One chapter, "The Utilities," is condensed in the January 1968 edition of American School and University Magazine. The other chapter is entitled "Mechanical Systems."
Georgia had 18,925 students enrolled in driver education classes in 23 7 schools in 1966-67, according to J. B. Angelo Crowe, Department of Education Driver Education Consultant. Programs in 217 schools included 30 hours in class and six hours behind the wheel of an automobile. Twenty schools had classroom training only. The program has grown from 94 schools enrolling 2,735 students in 1951-52.
Five Georgia school systems Pierce, Hart, Coweta, Wayne and Cobb counties-will receive the maximum sum the Federal Government can offer for driver education programs, reports the Georgia Safety Council, Inc. Federal monies involved in the projects total just over $30,000, combined with local monies of $91,000.
Vocational and occupational schools will be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools beginning next fall, says Dr. Felix C. Robb, director. "Our schools are now geared to programs for students who are college-bound," he said. "So often the youngster mechanically inclined, who can work with his hands, is neglected. The Southern Association wants to develop standards for programs offered for all persons in the South, rather than just a few. Dr. Robb said the program would apply to both public and private vocational schools as long as they continue to be nonprofit.
Mrs. LeRoy A. Woodward has been selected to serve as one of nine mem-

bers of the Steering Committee Council of Big City Boards of toin, a recently-organized group ated with the National School Association.
Georgia's ETV network will cast the second of three co11ce1l'bl_: the Atlanta Symphony on March The first broadcast of a symphony formance, on Christmas Day, was the first time a major orchestra had been televised by a wide ETV network, according to work Director Lee Franks.
Georgia State College the 1968 Symposium of LOJ1ternoo111 Music for Brass Feb. 16-18 at Hall, Agnes Scott College.
posers League. Twenty-one public school
and one private school in Georgia been selected to receive Reference Libraries from Britannica.
The gifts are packages of books, 53 volumes each for e1emeom schools and 57 volumes each for schools, being given in the name as a compliment to his leac1en~ in improving education. The part of Britannica's celebration of 200th anniversary.
One thousand schools in the will receive the reference sets. school systems selected are City, six sets; Bibb County, two Bulloch County, Chatham County, sets; Coffee County, DeKalb Muscogee County, two sets; County, two sets ; Tift, W:1.snmxw Brooks, Colquitt, Crisp, Dodge, Emanuel, Grady, Jefferson, Meriwether and Worth counties. non-public school is a Catholic at 320 Courtland St., N.E.,

Top Educators Ask Fund~

FJ.Xr, School Building Construction

sOupenntentdedntthoef

Schoo1s Council

oJfacCkh1Pef.

less than half the expenditures authonzed.)

IJ represe~ ~fficers at a Washington

The representatives included in their

saate. Scho: delegates from six of the
..,etlJlg 0 t and most influential

statement opposition to USOE's buildup of regional offices: "We oppose the

81lion'.s Iaalrgoersgam.zatw. ns.

ect'ulbcaetiOtDw~ntyA-fmouerrictoapn

educators repAssociation of

establishment, expansion, or maintenance of regional offices of the USOE as they pertain to elementary and sec-

.-_n.t.eIdAtdmeinistrators, the Ch.Ief St~te ondary education. They dilute services SdJOOI Officers, the National Associa- and are an expensive and ineffective

.S.d:J-O. Oof State Boards of EducatiOn, the .-a-tional Congres.s of p are~ts and

administrative structure," the statement said.

T~h_ers,

the Natwnal Education Asand the National School

I(ICI8ll0D

..

)loards Association.

In a joint statement following the

twO-day conference the "Big S~x , " as

ldyie~kaered

sometimes President

called, unammousJohnson and Con-

pli to break new ground by adding

federal support for local school con-

struction to the current federal efforts

Dr. R . S. Clark

10 upgrade elementary and secondary
education. The statement warned, how- Clark Joins Staff

ever, that planning and location of facilities supported by federal funds must remain a local and state decision.
The policy statement said: "School construction needs in many parts of the country exceed available financial resources and result in a significant deterrent to the effective implementation of educational programs."
Tho educators also asked that: General, or unearmarked, federal funds replace categorical support -
based on "an equitable equalization
formula."
A substantial categorical federal aid program, channeled through State Departments of Education should con-
tinue to help solve the pr~blems of edu-
cation in the large cities. Scholarship funds for higher education should be elpanded, and legislation to allow credits on tax returns for school or COllege tuition should be opposed.
The President should request and Congress should appropriate the total ::unt of funds authorized for all . ational programs. (Some CongresIIOQaJ appropriations for this year were

Dr. Russell S. Clark joined the Department of Education staff February 16 as Director of the new Division of Planning, Research and Evaluation.
Dr. Clark was formerly Assistant Superintendent for Instruction, DeKalb County Board of Education. Earlier he was principal of Briarcliff. High School, DeKalb County.
In his new position with the Department, Dr. Clark will work with Dr. Allen Smith, Deputy Superintendent of Schools, in coordinating Georgia's long-range educational plans. He will directly supervise work of two units concerned with the federally funded Elementary and Secondary Education Act: Title I Measurement and Evaluation and Title III (innovative programs).
Dr. Clark, native of Alabama, attended schools there and holds degrees from Peabody College, Auburn University and Teachers College, Columbia University. He held several positions with Alabama school systems, both as teacher and administrator, before coming to Georgia.

OPINIONS
of the Attorney General
"Subject to the debt limitation provisions of the Georgia Constitution, there is no serious question as to the authority of a county board of education to borrow money for a period of nine months to a year for the purpose of building school houses.
"Authority to borrow against anticipated tax collections is granted to county boards of education by Ga. Code Ann., Sec. 23-1716, as follows:
'Counties, municipalities, county boards of education, and other political subdivisions of the State which are authorized to levy taxes shall have the power and authority, within the limitations prescribed by Article VII, Section VII, Paragraph IV (Sec. 2-6004) of the Constitution (of 1945) to issue notes, certificates, or other evidence of indebtedness in anticipation of the collection of taxes levied or to be levied during the calendar year.' "Further, Ga. Code Ann., Sec. 26004 (Article VII, Section VII, Paragraph IV, Georgia Constitution of 1945) authorizes county boards of education . . . 'to make temporary loans between January 1st and December 31st in each year to pay expenses for such year ...',upon certain conditions or limitations which do not restrict expressly the purposes for which such funds may be expended . "Funds borrowed pursuant to those provisions in anticipation of tax collections must, of course, be expended 'for educational purposes' but that expression ... 'is broad enough to cover all things necessary or incidental to the furtherance of education, which would include the construction of schoolhouses ...' Board of Commissioners of Twiggs County v. Bond, 203 Ga. 558 ,560 (1948). "It must be carefully noted that the incurrence of such a debt would be subject to the debt limitation provisions set forth in Article VII, Section VII, of the Constitution."
Page 7

ON BOARD ... (Continued from Page 1)

"We anticipate that a comprehensive program will develop in the immediate years ahead," he said.
In other action the Board: Remanded to the Fulton County Board of Education an appeal relating to a decision of the Fulton Board involving the teacher contract of Robert W. Douthit; dismissed an appeal from the Laurens County Board of Education on the grounds that evidence of a hearing before the Laurens Board was not in proper form; authorized the Georgia Education Authority (Schools) to proceed with sale of Series 1967C Bonds for Carroll County; deferred until February action on the State Plan for Kindergartens, Report on Section 12-Athletic Directors, and State Plan for Reading; adopted the State Plan for the Gifted {see story on page 3); approved a proposal entitled "Educational Systems for the 70's" as submitted by Atlanta Public Schools to the U. S. Office of Education; declined to consider a resolution from the Walton County School Board pertaining to the Loganville School following ruling by Finance Committee Chairman Robert Wright, Jr. , that no additional evidence has been received since the State Board last ruled in the matter; heard a report by Miss Josephine Martin explaining

School Food Service proposals; approved a recommendation that School Food Services be authorized to allocate up to $150,000 in USDA funds from the Child Nutrition Act for use in the Breakfast Program; passed a resolution recommending that local systems support to the extent possible certain school lunch expenses; denied a request of the Tenth District Superintendents to remove the State Board of Education regulation requiring local bonds in order to qualify for state capital outlay funds; granted permission to extend the contract with CUDC for assisting the State Department of Education in designing and implementing the Inventory Accounting System in Vocational Education; approved the use of certain equipment as warning and turn signals for school buses; approved a request of Taylor County Board of Education to use four years' accumulated allotments on second building program to install heating and air conditioning in Taylor County High School; approved, upon certain conditions, request of Terrell County Board of Education to use
$64,000 in building funds to construct a physical education plant at Carver High School; approved a contract with Florida State University for planning,

developing and production of science courses in the $10,505; approved budgets tached deficit elimination plans following school systems: Coweta, Gwinnett, Long, and Thomas counties, Waycross cities; approved and repairs at North Georgia tiona!-Technical School v.,vwm authorized the State C)U]perintc~nd submit a request to receive Appalachian funds under III; stated its position that no tion establishing minimum for private schools should be if it contains certain posed by representatives of schools; heard a report,by dent Nix on his appearance House Appropriations moved to review policies requirements for driver edtJCallii structors; requested the "~.~~--' vision to furnish the Board a full
minutes of the December change the word "revoked" pended" in the case of certific:al two Columbia County teacnc~.,
Next Committee meetings: Next Board meeting: March

GEORGIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION State Oftlce Building
Atlanta, Georgia 30334

JACK P. NIX State Superintendent of Schools

GEORGIA ALERT

Published Monthly September-June by

Publications and Information Services Jarrot Lindsey, Jr., Director

Ofllce of Depamnent Staff Servi-

Anne Raymond

Editor

J - Chapman Art Editor

Address Correction Requested

. _.,.
AP R1 61968

ON BOARD ...
Georgia Leads With New Policy
In a pioneering spirit, the State Board of Education passed unanimously the recommendation of State Superintendent Jack P. Nix to issue five-year (T-5) teaching certificates under certain conditions on a reciprocal agreement basis with other states.
"Although practically no reciprocal agreements have been developed for teachers in this nation," the Superintendent said, "I believe Georgia can pioneer by taking action that would attract capable and well-qualified teachers from out-of-state to our State."
***
In other action the Board:
Corrected minutes of the Feb. 21 meeting concerning some changes in Standards for Georgia schools. Industrial Arts will become a r~quirement in the school year 1969-70 il)stead of the school year 1970-71 as stated in the minutes; approved a plan for yearround operation of area and state vocational-technical schools which stipulates 224 school days plus 10 teacher work days; approved a new salary schedule for area vocational-technical school personnel for 1968-69 providing an average $413.28 increase for 12 months' work; approved the reactivation of the Work-Study program in state and area schools at the minimum hourly wage for students who need financial assistance to continue their education; approved a policy for transporting area school students on the same basis as for high school students in local systems; approved centers in 22 school systems for conducting the summer library program in 1968; approved the 1968-69 teacher salary
Continued on Page 9

STANDARD SCHOOLS ENROLL MAJORITY
More than half of Georgia's school children are enrolled in Standard schools. The first official evaluation of individual schools in Georgia reveals that 49.11 percent of the State's schools measure up to a rigid set of Standards set by the State Board of Education. This 49.11% (944 schools) enrolls 56.49 percent of the school children in Georgia.
The results of the application of the State Board Standards for Public Schools "are most gratifying," says State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix. "With 49 percent of our schools measuring up to 229 items the first year, State Board members and our State Department staff can only be pleased with the results." This study represents one of the first statewide evaluations ever made by a State Department of Education.
In accordance with the Minimum Foundation Program Law passed in 1964, the State Board of Education two years ago set up the mechanism for measuring and evaluating each of Georgia's 1,902 schools and 194 school systems. Known as "State Standards for Georgia Schools," the evaluative study includes 229 criteria which schools must respond to as Required, Essential or Desirable items . To be Standard a school must meet all 41 Required items and 29 Essential items. These Standards exceed in many areas those of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
A preliminary, fact-finding study was made during the fall of 1966 to determine the status of the schools as measured by the Standards. Results of this study were released to individual school systems, and were used to further perfect and revise the Standards.
The Standards were applied again in the fall of 1967this time officially. Chairman James S. Peters points to the significant fact that in addition to those 944 schools reported as Standard, another 285 missed Standard classification by only one Required item. This represents another 15 percent of the schools in Georgia.
The largest percent of Unclassified (not Standard) schools come in the "just missed" category. Ninety percent of all schools in the State (an additional 40.9 percent) would have been classified Standard if they could have met up to six more Required items and up to two more Essential items.
Continued on Page 4

INSIDE

Georgia's

EDUCATION

On the Bo Any

with State School Superintendent Jack P. N i x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Does anyone ever ask you, "Where does Georgia rank in education?" The question is posed to me frequently as I attend national meetings of educators from all over the United States.
It is not an easy question to answer; in fact, there is no short, concise definition of Georgia's status in education. Neither you nor I can say: "Georgia is first in education . . . or fourteenth ... or twenty-ninth."
We can say, however, that Georgia is not on the bottom anymore. We can say it with assurance, with pride and certainty. It is a great satisfaction to me, as I meet educators from other sections of the country, to have them ask questions about how Georgia's Standards program works ... How our educational television network operates ... About our vocational education program ... and about many other aspects of education in our State. Georgia has a national reputation for being progressive, ambitious and far-sighted. Our commitment to education is admired and envied.
Do you know that Georgia, in the past ten years, has led every state in the nation in increasing the amount of money we spend for each pupil in average daily attendance in our schools? Since the school year 1957-58, Georgia's expenditure per child, according to the newly-published "Rankings of the States, 1968" (NEA), has increased by 142.9%!
Our estimated expenditure for each ADA child this year is $498, up from $450 in 1966-67. That is an increase of $48. At the same time, the national average expenditure per child increased from $573 last year to an estimated $619 this year, a jump of $46. So we are slowly closing the gap between Georgia and the national average. This year we are 38th in the nation in estimated expenditure per child; last year we were 40th.
There are other encouraging statistics in the NEA Report, an annual publication of the organization's research division.
The estimated average salary of all teachers in Georgia public schools this year is $6,595. That figure puts us 31st among the states in average teacher salary, $701 behind the national average of $7,296. Last year, Georgia ranked 35th in average teacher salary, $935 behind the national

average of $6,830. Here again, we are on the national average. In fact, Georgia second in the nation in the percent of in salaries of instructional staff over the period 1957-58 to 1967-68.
Ge~rgia's estimated school-age population year Is 1,224,000. Enrollment in our schools last September was 1,094,572, or of the school-age population. This figure puts eighth in the nation in percentage of """'VVJ... population actually enrolled in school.
Our participation in the school lunch remains high. We are third in the United behind Louisiana and Hawaii, with 63.3% students enrolled participating in the subsidized school lunch program.
Georgia high schools are turning out n ...,,rt....... at a pace which puts them 12th in the nation rate of increase; 47.6 % increase over the five years. However, our dropout rate is high, according to the NEA report. Only of students who were in the ninth grade in were graduated from high school last June. is the lowest retention rate in the country.
Georgia spent 4.8% of its personal income far
education at all levels last year. Twenty-sevea states made a greater percentage effort than did. New Mexico led the country with 7%. ~ there is only $6 difference between the per ca personal income in New Mexico ($2,385) the per capita personal income in Geo ($2,379)! Could we not do as well as Ni Mexico?
A high level of state support for educa has always been Georgia's pride, and we tinue to maintain leadership in this field. C?eor;t
is eighth in the nation with its state contnbuaail
of 61.6% of the cost of public elementary secondary schools. Local government will OCJII! tribute an estimated 25.4% this year, and eral government, 13%.
A comparison of education in Geor~ia education in other states presents a bnght, couraging picture. We have come a long way our bid for the best; we have yet a long way go. Where does Georgia rank in education?
It is up to you.

Page 2

CATION GETS $5 MILLION

.
rgta

WI.11

receive

more

than

$5

(JeO

ducational programs un-

P for e

abe National Defense Education

and TI.t1e II of the Elementary and
secoadllfY Education Act.

~'Jbe

u. S. Office of E. d.ucationcReJ-
Assistant CommissiOner' . .

...-:- of Atlanta, has notified School
~ tendent Jack P. Nix of grant ,$.UaprCdf1sDfor fiscal 1968.

tJpder Title III of NDEA, Georgia receive $2,240,029 for progra~ns
fl iDStrUCtion in science, mathemattcs

and modern foreign languages in schools over the State, and an additional $54,633 for administration of the programs. Under Title V of NDEA, for guidance, counseling and testing programs, Georgia will receive $573,751.
For the purchase of school library resources, textbooks and other instructional materials under Title II of ESEA, Georgia will receive $2,152,555. These funds are distributed to city and county systems for purchase of library materials.

Model Cities Rate Education High
Almost every city receiving a grant for a model neighborhood includes some plans for upgrading education, reports Education U.S.A. Washington Monitor. High on the priority list is emphasis upon participation by citizen groups and parents in educational services. Model schools or model school systems concentrating on compensatory education for the renewal neighborhoods are mentioned often, as are educational parks. A high percentage stress vocational education and basic education for adults as well as young people.

State Board Revises Standards for 1968-69, Adds ETV Use Criteria

.-nng 1be State Board of Education at its February 21 took action on
cwuaJ changes in the Standards as

rooows:
STANDARDS CHANGES FOR

1968-69 System Section Standard 3, criterion D-010, will lad as follows: The system has the ervices of a professionally certificated Associate School Psychologist (SP-6) or a School Psychologist (DD-7) if it bas a student enrollment of 5,000 or
more. Systems with fewer than 5,000
emoUment have half-time equivalent lei'Vices.

Standard 3, criterion D-0 11 , will read as follows: The system has the

lei'Vices of a School Psychometrist (PM-5) or (BPM-5) or Associate School Psychologist (SP-6) or School '-Ycbologist (DD-7) in a ratio of 1 to 1,500 student enrollment.

Sdtool Section

Standard I, criterion E-0 19, will read

II follows: Each employee has a com-

plete physical examination annually.

The examining physician must certify

to the system school superintendent

1bat from a medical standpoint the

thlellrploy.ee


IS

quahfied

to

perform' his/

8SSigned duties.
~~dard 9, criterion E-001: This

:~rnoyn

remains unchanged but has been .changed from

the De-

e to Essential. This criterion

reads as follows: The school prohibits its students from engaging in interscholastic activitties with other schools.
Standard 9, criterion R-002: This criterion remains unchanged but the category has been changed from Essential to Required. The criterion reads as follows: The system board of education by policy statement assumes the responsibility for interscholastic activities in grades 1 through 7 and imposes as a minimum the following limitations:
(a) The maximum number of games played in any sport must not exceed more than one-half the number of regularly scheduled games played by the high school varsity.
(b) Games played on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday must end prior to 6 p.m.
NOTE: The State Board of Education recommends that all elementary schools prohibit interscholastic activities.
Standard 10, criterion R-042: Industrial Arts will not be a required course offering during the year 196869. The words Industrial Arts will remain in the listing of required courses with an asterisk. The asterisk notation will stipulate that Industrial Arts will become a required offering for the 1969-70 school year.
ADDITIONS TO STANDARDS FOR 1968-69

The following criteria will be added to the Standards for 1968-69:
System Section
It is unknown which Standard and criterion number the following statements will carry but they will be included as criteria in the system section.
1. The administrative staff at the system level has availed itself of the technical and academic services of the ETV unit of the State Department of Education. (This criterion will be in the Essential category.)
2. The local curriculum guides provide assistance for proper utilization of ETV programs which are available and for services of ETV unit of the State Department of Education. (This will be in the Required category.)
School Section
The following criteria will be added to Standard 10 but the criteria numbers are unknown.
1. The school has availed itself, through workshops and/or individual school visits by the ETV utilization staff or other methods of communication, of the services of the ETV utilization staff. (This will be in the Desirable category.)
2. Teachers using ETV have been provided with the necessary schedules, manuals and correlated materials in order to effectively use the medium. (This will be in the Required category.)

Page 3

'Education zn
Transition' Conference Topic

Dr. Claude /vie, above, Director of Curriculum for the Georgia D epartm ent of Education, welcomes guests to the 1968 Georgia Audio Visual Education Association Conference. Below, Miss Anne Wright, left, and Mrs. Betty Shypula of Atlanta City Schools demonstrate new reading material and equipment at a small group meeting.

Dr. John Persell, Teaching Media Consultant for th e D epartm ent of Education, conducts conference orientation.. Below, Da vid Rice, Fifth District Sta te Board of Education member, right, and Mrs. Rice chat with Dr. Curtis Ramsey of Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn. Th e conference was held Feb. 4-6 at the Sh eraton-Biltmore.

Standards Results . Continued from Page 1

Though the percentage of Standard Schools is less than half, these schools enroll more than 602,000 of Georgia's one million-plus students.
"We are proud to see the improvements schools have made since the initial, fact-finding Standards study was made," said Superintendent . Nix. "In such areas as supplying a full-time supervising principal in the elementary schools, requiring employees to submit annual health reports, increasing the number of guidance counselors at the junior and senior high school levels, adding full-time librarians, improving sanitary and plumbing facilities and several other areas, many schools have excelled. Superintendents, principals, system boards of education, and other school personnel should be congratulated on the progress made in just one year."

In addition to evaluation of individual schools, Georgia's 194 school systems were evaluated. More than 88 percent (88.14), or 171 systems, were evaluated as Standard school systems. Ten schools met the requirements for being Standard but were unclassified due to being in an Unclassified school system.
How do individual systems and schools rate in Georgia? Each system superintendent has been, supplied with computerized information on his particular system and schools within his system, and each principal has the information on his individual school. Fifteen systems in the State have all schools Standard.
Clyde Pearce, Standards Coordinator in the State Department of Education, is already looking to the fall of this year when once again Standards

will be applied to State.
"Most of the criteria , "will remain as they ~ Board feels strongly th worthwhile and pertinent at of application will probabiy more than the content."
Standards applied to s~hools cover 10 categories tton, administration, resource staff, school plant cies, library, school food ' scholastic activities and The largest number of sponses came in Standard 5 Plant and Standard 10 on The specific criteria were with numbers of sanitation ing fixtures, occupancy quired by the Georgia Laws, and the requirement ferent content courses taught by a school annually, terion under Administration brought a large number responses was one requiring cipal to hold the five-year in school administration. result of the fact that many principals hold the nr.....,;,,;.., year certificate and are the professional five-year
"1 t is evident from the Standards study that the suffers in comparison to school," says Superintendent larger school units adhere to the requirements of the than do the smaller sclllOOJlll. nation schools with all through 12, have the most meeting the State Board
"The report shows," he "that we do not have no>1rte1:::ou of our schools. It is evident, that Georgia's schools are ward rapidly. Most school anxious that their schools dard,' and they are making that direction. When next dards study is completed, I that our percentage of schools will have increased
erably."

Page 4

cH LINES: 45 Schools to Serve Breakfast to Students



BsrcehaokofaIsStUwndilel rbtehesenrvewed

in 45 GeorPilot Break-

,t..s.l

am progr

funded

by

the

Child

Nu-

cridOO Act of 1966.

ApproX1mately 10,000 youngsters
trill receive breakfast through the new
~am and existing breakfast pro.,.-., being operated as part of Title I
p~roJtec s. Breakfast is available to all
cbildren in approved schools .

'Ibe breakfast menu provides Y4 to

u~. 0f

the

daily

nutritional

needs

of

the
.

cbild. Funds are available to assist

with food purchases; labor costs are

paid from local funds. Section 32-416

Psychology Study Open to Teachers

'Jbe University of Georgia anaounces 25 Experienced Teacher Fellowships in School Psychology for the 1968-69 school year. Participants will attend the special school psychology program for four quarters beginning in September 1968. Successful completion will lead to the sixth-year certificate in school psychology.
Applications are to be submitted to
Dr. Herman Sorkey, Director, Experi-
enced Teacher Program in School Psychology, 105 Baldwin Hall, Unilersity of Georgia, Athens 30601. The feUowships are open to Georgia residents only.

The Georgia Department of Education's School Psychologist Services Unit has just completed a statewide lUrVey of prospective need for school psychologists in the State.

_Of 196 school systems, 78% re-

plied, Ony six of these are now em-

ploying full-time psychological services

staff. More than 100 systems indicated

they would like to employ such a per-

IOD. They projected their needs at 106

PIYchological services staff in 1969

120.10 I970 and 137 in 1971.

'

donated foods may be used in the breakfast program; Section 6 foods may not be used. Financial reports are coordinated with school food service. accounting; claims for reimbursement are separate.
***
Georgia was third in the nation in school lunch participation in 1966-67, according to the NEA "Rankings of the States, 1968."
***
Plentiful foods. for March are fresh eggs, pork, peanut buttter, dry split peas and potatoes.
***
Although the Georgia Supreme Court has ruled out the use of State tax funds for school lunch purposes, county and independent systems may

help financially with school lunch operations.
Georgia Laws 1962, pg. 628 (Act No. 899) makes it legal and permissive for local school administrators in independent school systems to expend tax money for certain school lunch purposes, including purchases of food. In 1960 a constitutional amendment was . ratified which added the following language to Article VII, Section IV, Paragraph 1 (Code 2-5701), to wit "(17) for school lunch purposes."
Funds for school lunch are not a part of the levy "for educational purposes." Therefore, where a county wishes to use county funds for school lunch the Board of Education should make the request to the Commissioners. Unless local law prohibits, funds from General Revenue could be designated for school lunch purposes.

OPINIONS of the Attorney General

"In answer to your first question [i.e., whether transfers of real property from local boards of education to the Georgia Education Authority (Schools) are subject to the State documentary tax (Ga. Laws 1967, p. 788)] it is necessary to determine the nature of the instrumentalities involved, since there is no question but that the Act applies to conveyances between private parties. Here we havf:! a political subdivision as the transferor. [Towns v. Suttles, 208 Ga. 838 (1952)]. The transfer tax is imposed primarily on the transferor and secondarily on the transferee.
"The general rule regarding taxation of political subdivisions is 'that public property of the State and its political subdivisions is not subject to ta;'(ation under general constitutional and statutory provisions providing that all property is taxable ... (and) public property is always presumed to be ex-

erupt from the operation of general tax laws, because it is reasonable to suppose that it wa& not within the intent of the legislature to make public property subject to them .. .' Sloan v. Polk County, 70 Ga. App. 707 (1944). See also Wright v. Fulton County, 169 Ga. 354 (1929).
"The transfer tax involved here is a general statute imposing a tax on 'each deed, instrument, or other writing by which land . . . sold shall be . . . conveyed.' (Ga. Laws 1967, p. 788, 1) and the Act does not specifically impose the tax on transactions in which a political subdivision is a party. Accordingly where a political subdivision is a party, it is not subject to the transfer tax. Wright v. Fulton County, supra, at p. 357. Thus, the transferor is not subject to the tax on the transaction enumerated by you," i.e., transfers of real property from local boards of education to the Georgia Education Authority (Schools).

Page 5

Industrial Arts
a

Industrial Arts classes in woods, above, and electricity, below

By Anne S. Raymond

Steve is stream ?f

the center of an congratulations

admiring and best

circle of wishes

ofrin~dshi

graduatiOn has almost made him forget the do bts

been plaguing him.

u

Commencement will soon be over, and face the question he has been postponing

What next?

In drafting ...
Page 6

In metals ...

Commencement is no beginning for Steve; It is the end of high school and security, and maybe the beginning of a lifelong problem: Where do I go from here? He is artistically talented, yet he doesn't know whether he wants to be an architect or a commercial artist.
Steve is one of many young people who are graduating from high schools today without the vaguest notion of what they want to do next. But his dilemma is not really necessary.
Countless thousands of young people are finding the answers to their questions about careers through industrial arts classes in 350 Georgia high schools.
To help Georgia students meet the challenges they will surely face when their school days are finished, to avoid the oft-repeated situations in which Steve finds himself, Georgia offers industrial arts to all students, beginning at the elementary school level.

{.
Georgia, like every other state in the nation, is rapidly changing from a predominantly rural, small-town pattern of population organization to an urban dominance. As of December 1966, according to a report in Rankings of the States, 1968, 56.1 percent of Georgia's population lives in urban areas.
These changing patterns have implications beyond the obvious need for more urban housing and traffic lanes. People, if they are to keep pace with the technological changes which of necessity must accompany growth, must know where they are going and how to get there. The Steves in this world, high school graduates though they may be, cannot succeed without purpose and direction.
General Course
Technology, once considered a field ~or engineers and scientists, is now an ~nfluencing factor in all our lives. Stuents, to be liberally educated, must

have opportunity to explore industry's many facets, to prepare themselves to adjust to today's changing society.
The industrial arts curriculum is designed to fit into the pattern of general education, as does any similar, broad course in science or mathematics or home economics. Industrial arts in Georgia schools is not a course in how to build a bird house; it offers students an opportunity to learn about the theoretical and practical aspects of industry and technology. It serves as a stepping stone, an exploratory study of possible career areas. If Steve had chosen industrial arts as one of his early high school subjects, he would have studied the tools, materials, processes and products of six broad areas of industry: drafting, electricity- electronics, metals, woods, power and graphic arts. He would have known, after this early course in the seventh, eighth or ninth grade, that his artistic aptitude could lead to a career in drafting or maybe in photography.
After an initial, exploratory industrial arts course, students may in the ninth or tenth grade choose pre-vocational or college preparatory studies in the industrial arts curriculum. The pre-vocational student continues to study the six industrial arts areas in courses which provide additional exploratory experience with added depth in specific instructional areas.
For example, a pre-vocational ninth or tenth grader in studying metals will learn the properties of a variety of metals with a wide range of characteristics and uses. The study includes mining and refining operations as well as a variety of cutting, shaping, forming, fastening and treating processes. Learning activities include problems involving a number of these operations and may demonstrate an industri process or have a utilitarian value. Many of these projects are designed and constructed by the student.
Each of the areas of study is planned to indicate to each student his own interests, abilities and limitations in the various fields. With his areas of interest defined, the pre-vocational student in the 11th and 12th grades

chooses a specific area for additiona study and concentrates in that field. This does not mean that when he graduates from high school after havin studied drafting, that he will be able to get a job as a draftsman. Courses are designed, not as job training, but as orientation and guidance studies to lead a student in the right direction; to keep him from graduating from high school to face the dilemma confronting Steve. Additional training will be necessary, but students who have been through industrial arts classes know what they wao.t to do and how to achieve their goals.
For the student who plans to enter college, industrial arts gears its curriculum in the ninth or tenth grade to a broad study of American industries. Eleventh and twelfth graders take engineering, drafting, descriptive geometry and an experimental course in research and development.
Misnomer Industrial arts is often called by the misnomer "shop." But the program is much more than "shop" implies. It is a unique program which helps young people prepare for living in an industrial democracy and provides a foundation for specific occupational and educational opportunities. Industrial arts offers basic education to the future technician, engineer, scientist or other career seeker. It is not confined to the learning of a specific trade or skill, but rather educates young people-boys and girls-to become versatile and adaptable to the rapidly changing world.
In Georgia, approximately 45,000 students are enrolled in industrial arts classes in 350 high schools. Some of them will go on to college; some will enter one of the State's 23 vocationaltechnical schools for additional training in an industrial arts field; others will attend different kinds of training facilities for: vocational instruction. But none of them will end up as Steve has: unsure, bewildered, lacking confidence and purpose as he faces the future.
For students of industrial arts, commencement is a beginning.
Page 71

State Funds for Education Total $372 Million

Georgia education, though it is $25 million richer than before the General Assembly passed its 1968 appropriations bill, will see no new programs begun with State money this year.
Total education appropriation for 1969 FY is $372,307,346, some $45 million more than the current year's funds. About $20 million of the new money will be used as teacher retirement funds. It is the first time these funds have been appropriated to the State Board of Education.
Largest single item in the new budget is $202.6 million for teacher's salaries, which will be increased by an average $558 per teacher beginning Dec. 1.
State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix said he was generally pleased with the results of the Assembly session. "The teacher pay raise is a major step forward," he said, "for when it is effective it will raise the average teacher salary in Georgia to almost $7,200, within $100 of the national average. We are very happy over this increase. I regret that the legislature could not allow us the funds to begin new programs in kindergarten, extended school year and for the gifted. But this year's action does not mean we will never have these programs in Georgia; we will continue to plan for them and to include them in our budget requests. For now, however, we must take the funds we have and provide the best possible educational system we can offer to the people of Georgia."
The Department of Education had

requested $3 million to begin a statewide, pilot kindegarten program.
Other new programs which were to begin pending State funds , but which now must wait, include an extended school year program, a driver education program and programs for the gifted operated as projects in each Congressional district.
(Editor's note: An article in February ALERT suggested that local school planners send in project applications for gifted programs to the Department of Education by April. Since no money was appropriated for these programs, no plans should be submitted.)
Other major increases in the appropriations bill include a rise in Maintenance and Operations funds from $848 to $1,050. House Education Chairman Mac Barber said the increase would amply offset the the amount of money local systems will have to contribute for teacher raises. City and county systems will also benefit from a bill to provide that all lapsed funds appropriated by the Department of Education shall be taken in account in determining portion of estimated cost of MFPE items.
Two conflicting bills to allow the State Board of Education to reduce the pupil-teacher ratio in classrooms in the future, when money is available, were passed by the Legislature. The Governor will determine which becomes law when he signs either H.B. 1103 or S.B . 247.

BUDGET SUMMARY

Operation of Department of Education (Including two State Schools) .

Total 35,479,076

Grants to School Systems (MFPE) Teacher Salaries . . . O.C.P.P. . . . . . . M&O and Sick Leave . Other Grants . . . .

. 202,600,879 . 32,939,496 . 33,800,277 . 22,425,462

Sub-total Grants . .

. 291,766,114

Grants to School Systems (Other than MFPE) Title I . . . Other Grants .

. 34,538,868 . 43,463,225

Total Grants .

. 369,768,207

Teacher Retirement Capital Outlay

. 20,681,820 . 28,801,000

Grand Total . . .

. 454,730,103

Agency 21,799,431
34,538,868 26,084,458 60,623,326 82,422,757

State
13,679,645
202,600,879 32,939,496 33,800,277 22,425,462 291,766,114
17,378,767 309,144,881
20,681,820 28,801,000 372,307,346

Another bill passed by the
Etudreucaret1q.0unirteos btehge.mS.ItamtemeDdeiaptaerltymtoent for a statewide program of
IOUIJCatlOIII .
for all exceptional children. The partment has eight years to put plan into effect, which some educatoq estimate will cost $80 million.
The ~e~islature passed a statewide law requmng that all children enrolled
in public schools must first be iJn..
munized for certain contagious eases. Those diseases for which must be immunized will be determined by the State Board of Health and incorporated in the rules and regulations of local boards of health.
Other education bills which passed the Legislature include an Act to authorize heads of State Departments to declare certain property to be surplus; Acts to permit the transfer of retirement credits from Employees' Retirement to Teachers' Retirement System, and vice versa; and an Act to provide for state equipment purchasing and an advisory committee for "quick-start" vocational programs to meet employment needs of new and expanding industry.
Compact Out The Department of Education lost a bid for legislation which would allow Georgia to become a member of the national organization, "Education Commission of the States." Georgia, one of the original planners of the Commission, had been a member by Executive Order of Governor Carl Sanders. The Legislature was to decide whether the membership would be continued. The Commission is an organization of governors, legislators and state level educators whose main emphasis is the importance of state control of education accomplished through a strong state department of education. Superintendent Nix expressed regret that Georgia was not allowed to con tinue its membership in the organiza
tion. " It would have been to our ad-
vantage to get involved in the early stages of this movement and to help in establishing policies for such a c~m pact."

Page 8

BOARD . . . Continued from Page I

(applying the average $558

vSotaeIadrYbyScthheeduLlee)gitsolabtuereeffteoctti.hvee tourth school month in the 196. 8hOOI year; approved a resolutwn
&Ctted by Dr. Russell Clar~, Direc-
~ the Division of Plann~n.g, Re_,cll and Evaluation, authonzmg the

:;ae School Superintendent to apply federal assistance not to exce~d

l

S~Bu3e8s4tefdor

fiscal under

1968. (Funds Will Title III of ESEA

amended by Section 131 to estab-

and operate within the State Edu-

CIIion Agency a State Advisory Coun-

for Title III) ; approved a Health

Examination Form as submitted to the

Sl:aft Department of Public Health,

lilt referred the request to the Georgia

Jlteragency Council on School Health

tbe State staff for further study and

JeCOmmendations after the status of

Jeaislation pertaining to immunization

determined ; after considerable dis-

cussion, approved the operation of

aycross- Ware Area Vocational-

Technical School fo r one additional
,ar (1968-69) on an experimental

lluis. (The school is operating as an

- high school with students from

~neral counties attending four hours

a day for vocational education train-

illg. A full report on the value of the

operation will be made in early spring

of 1969.); adopted a new policy for

further implementation of Section 12,

MF'PE, for the 1968-69 school year

stipulating two categories of allot-
ments of personnel.

The Board also appointed two li-

brary advisory committees, one for

Library Services for State Institutions

IDd for Blind and Physically Handi-
~; the other for Interlibrary Co-

:ratJon; adopted an official seal for

State Department of Education
:aoved Paulding and Forsyth coun~

~acahs isaysntemfusndtso

apply for federal for construction of

-
1

-lllov.ocat

J' onal

high

schools;

tabled

Jeaku!Jon by Board Member L. L.

CIQ d s to accept the low lease bidder iaatauaetda p.rocessm. g equipment to be
10 the Columbus-Muscogee

Area Vocational Technical School; heard three resolutions adopted by the Georgia Schools Boards Association Convention on Jan. 23, 1968.
Two changes in Teacher Certification policy have been made by the State Board of Education upon recommendation of School Superintendent Jack P. Nix.
Beginning with certificates valid from July 1, 1968, the validity period will be seven years for all professional certificates based upon four or more years of teaching.
Also beginning with certificates valid from July 1, 1968, applicants who have not completed approved four-year de-
Continued on Page 12
Vo-Tech Education c
Master Plan Begun
Georgia is taking first steps to develop a master plan for vocationaltechnical education in the State.
The five-year project began in January with the naming of an advisory committee of business, financial , labor, legislative and social leaders by School Superintendent Jack P. Nix.
"Vocational education in Georgia has reached a plateau where planning can no longer be piecemeal and yearat-a-time," said George Mulling, State Director of Vocational Education.
"The vocational education picture in Georgia is due for clear, long-range definition as to purpose, goals and schedules, with the result of superior vocational-technical training for our citizens," he said.
The advisory committee will be assisted by several sub-committees attacking specific problem areas and occupational categories.
The Master Plan will not determine which .courses a specific school will or will not offer, but will result in establishing methods for determining the occupational needs of a community and standards of training for meeting those needs.

Desegregation Help Available
The University of Georgia has received a grant of $216,000 under the Civil Rights Act to finance an Educational Institute to deal with local school desegregation problems.
The College of Education will be the administering unit. Technical and consultative help will be available for school systems upon request of the superintendent. More than 25 requests for help had been received by Dec. 1.
One of the aims of the Institute is to identify educational and instructional problems accompanying school desegregation. Assistance will be given in developing workable solutions to these problems.
For example, a practical instructional problem is the wide range of achievement among students from different schools. Through cooperative efforts of persons within the school system and representatives from the Institute, such problems may be solved.
The Institute's services will deal only with educational and administrative problems and are designed for school personnel only. Dr. Morrill M. Hall , associate professor of education in the Department of Administration and Supervision of the College of Education, is director of the Center.
HEADLINERS
Joseph M. Johnston, Director of Federal-State Relations for the Department of Public Instruction of North Carolina, has been named president-elect of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . . . Frank Hughes has resigned as Executive Secretary of the Georgia Education Association . . . Mrs. Lila McDill, principal of Westminster Elementary School, Atlanta, and Mrs. Catherine Thurston, Tennille Elementary School, have been named to the Commission on Elementary Schools of the Southern Association of Schools and Colleges.

Page 9

on Education

Eoon.ffdgfiuhCcctwa,atClt.osi.oomFsnareieesCdt tohWmuenilWttloyiaapSmsicchshiwnoSgohutleopsnne'nG1o.n1eptIe11netdvoeent r

School .sul?erintendent Jack P.e~fi?

24th M ac

D1stnct . B mb e r

oGf eCorogmiamRerecper;esVeinc1eatr~ve

PDr1.esstn1d.cetnUt .HSu. bCeorntgHreusmsmpahnreJyo'hSneDvemh.

and Second District Georgia avu,

R epresentative Bert Ward of

Catoosa County.

John W. Gardner resigned as Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to return March 1 to the Carnegie Corporation as consultant on a special project involving urban problems.
Journal Features Appalachian Georgia
Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission featured Georgia's plans for implementation of the Appalachian Act in a recent issue.
The article described Georgia's efforts to develop a comprehensive vocational-technical school system, its attack on water pollution, and improvement of health services.
Concentration on health and education is aimed at easing the transition of the labor force from agriculture occupations to industrial, commercial and service opportunities where competitive skills are needed, the article says.
Title I projects designed to aid educationally deprived children in low income areas are reaching 207,026 Georgia children with 169 programs in fiscal 1968. At a total cost of $26,638,733, 159 of Georgia's 196 school systems offer Title I activities and services. English-reading projects are the most frequently offered, with

155 in progress. Food services, music programs, health- physical education and health-medical services are the other top five programs. Title I is part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
Atlanta will be host to Region II of the National Association of Education Broadcasters April 3-5 at the Atlanta Cabana Motor Hotel. Several staff members of the Georgia ETV Network will participate on the program. Jack P. Nix, Georgia School Superintendent, will give the welcome. Ralph McGill, publisher of the Atlanta Constitution, will speak at the banquet Thursday evening.
An $8,000 grant to finance research in the arts and humantiies as applied to man's problems today is offered by Alpha Delta Kappa international honorary sorority for women educators. The sorority plans three such grants, the first to be awarded in 1969 and the others at two-year intervals. The recipients must be in the cultural or educational fields and must have completed academic work for a master's .degree. Applications may be obtained from Mrs. Jeanne Neal at sorority headquarters, 1615 West 92nd St., Kansas City, Mo. 64114.
Twenty thousand teachers will be chosen to attend National Defense Education Act Teacher Training Institutes this summer. Elementary and secondary schools all over the country now have in their possession information about the 489 different institutes

being offered in colleges and u .
sities in all 50 states and terri::::.
iT~hceludfeelloawlmshoispts,anoypesnubtojecatll intea~ hers,
t1~n. Colleges and universities oper.
atmg the program make final selectiaa of teachers who will attend. Totalq
of this year's program, about $34 mil-
lion, is the same as last year.
Six institutes for advanced study be held abroad next summer 1o strengthen the qualifications of teacben who instruct the children of America armed service and civilian persoDDd
overseas. Authorized by Title XI fi the National Defense Education Act, the programs will be conducted in six countries for 250 teachers. There wiD be two programs in Europe, one in Turkey, two in the Far East (one to be held in Japan by the University fi Georgia for 45 teachers June 24-
August 2), and the sixth in Brazil.
The National Education Associaticll is proposing to Congress a bill thll
would add $6 billion to existing federll aid to education. The proposal would
provide massive general, or uncar
marked school funds for the states to
use as ~hey wish. It would give eacb state a basic annual grant of $10.0 petor
school-age child, and would ra1se o2f2%totatlheschfeodoelraslupgpoovret.rnAmcecnotr'sdi.DsbIai.C, the NEA proposal, half the JD(#f/
would be tagged for increasing teadJel salaries and attracting additional quali-
fied teachers into the field . The:: half would be for use at the disc
of the states.

Page 10

DAYS SLATED IN APRIL, MAY

rogram of job in-

YS' a P nt for students

.andvopclaauc.oenmae1 institutions, is

fotor

.1and May this AGpenorge Mulling,

year, State

of Vocational Education.

area vocational - technical

0 nal High Funded
funds of $400,000 under AAPcPtaIwacilhl iafninanRceegiaorneaal voDceavtie.Olonpa-1 schools at Habersham County _o LIAS. o1, Demorest, and Cha1t1tooga
High School, Summervi e.
grant of $200,00~ for .ea_ch will provide occupatiOnal tramflcilities for about 250 dayti~e
and an additional 200 evemng in each school.
the funds for two new , $15,000 has been approved last year's Appalachian funds to . .llleD!lent money already approprifor an area vocational-technical at Carrollton.
..n-nction costs for each of the aew schools will be $250,000, to be provided by local in each case.

Georgia Committee on Chil-

llld Youth held its annual meet-

March 27-28 at the Dempsey

Macon. Dr. Eleanor Braun

, head of the Department of

Development and Family Rela-

University of Connecticut was

JIIIC'iDal speaker.

'

schools and area vocational high schoo1s are participatm g m the prog.ram thi.s year. Thou.sands of m. vi.ta.t10ns have been mailed to Georgia businesses having need of skilled employees .
The TECHDAYS program, endorsed by the Georgia State Chamber of Commerce, Industrial Development Council, will provide this year's 5,500 graduates an opportunity to explore employment possibilities with a large number of firms . Employers, in turn, will have a chance to hire from a large group of well-prepared prospective employees :
Georgia Schools Freedoms Winners
A number of Georgia schools have been named winners in the annual Freedoms Foundation Awards school category.
They include Fernbank School, Kittredge School and St. Pius X Catholic High School, Atlanta; Flat Shoals Elementary, Forrest Hills School, Juvenile Detention School, Knollwood School, Midway School, Decatur; LaGrange High School, LaGrange; Tucker High School, Tucker.
Georgia teachers who received Valley Forge Teachers Medal Awards include Llenell J. Sanderson of Alpharetta; Grace L. Ellis and Margaret W. Peters of Atlanta; Margaret W. Marchman of Chamblee; Robin Bowing and Elizabeth S. Purvis of Decatur.
Awards were presented in local ceremonies Feb. 22.

e of the meeting was "Help Children and Youth Grow Heads of state government and agencies and organizations Y/ork relates directly to children lllnong program participants. Superintendent Jack p. Nix
the Georgia Department
~:ati11n

Network Complete
Every state now has at least one public two-year junior college. Nevada, the only state which had none, opened its Nevada Community College at Elko this year, making the nation's network complete.

Big City Schools' Problems Cited
Recommendations of the Council of Chief State School Officers following their annual convention are three:
State departments of education should give higher priority to the problems of big city schools, including promotion of legislation to provide needed financial support;
Teachers, as well as supervisory and administrative personnel, should be more involved in educational decisions concerning salaries, working conditions , curricula and textbook selection;
Authority for approval and evaluation of Title III programs of ESEA should be given to the states. (Since this recommendation was made, Congress funded ESEA with the provision for this change to be effective by 1970.)
City Will Proftt
"Cities should give more than just moral support-they should give financial aid (to education). The future 'personnel' of a city will come from its education system. The better the education, the better the city." (Editorial quote from Business and Securities News.)
Dr. Pafford Dies
Dr. W. E . Pafford, for many years Director of District Services for the Georgia Department of Education, died January 2 in Atlanta. He was 72. A high school teacher, coach, principal and superintendent, Dr. Pafford joined the Department in 1942. He retired in 1964.
Dr. Pafford was a member of the Commission on Secondary Schools of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. He was one of three educators named to honorary membership in the Southern Association at the 72nd annual meeting in November. He attended the meeting to accept the award.

Page 11

ON BOARD ... Continued from Page 9

gree programs in teacher education may have the practice teaching requirement waived and may be issued the Teacher's Professional Four-Year (T-4) Certificate providing they meet the following requirements:
(a) The bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited college;
(b) Approximately 60 quarter hours in general education;
(c) All requirements for a teaching field;
(d) A minimum of 20 quarter hours in acceptable professional education courses which must include at least 5 quarter hours in the area of human growth and development, and at least 10 quarter hours in the area of curriculum and methods; and
(e) At least three years of successful teaching experience on the level for which certification is sought. This experience must be verified by the Superintendent(s) for whom the applicant t a ught.
In other action the Board: Approved certain revisions in Standards for Georgia Schools (see page 3) ; passed a resolution praising Seventh District State Board Member Henry Stewart for his contributions to the Board; approved a request of the
Board of Education for

revision in its Authority budget to permit construction of an elementary school addition instead of a high school addition; approved the application of the Laurens County Board of Education for construction of an area vocational high school in Laurens County; heard Superintendent Nix report that General Dynamics Corporation proposes to make the Georgia ETV Network film, "Ode to an Uncertain Tomorrow," available internationally as part of its educational public relations program; approved a request by Superintendent Nix to submit to USOE a proposal requesting $33,000 for a six-state cooperative project in developing a state plan for administarion of Title III; requested that Superintendent Nix obtain an opinion from the Attorney General as to the legality of the State's giving financial support to an experimental instructional program for secondary students at Waycross Area Vocational- Technical School; approved revision in minimum qualifications for professional personnel in area vocational-technical schools; approved modification in the existing plan for approval of business education curriculum; approved for the remainder of the current school year a request from the Moultrie City Schools to

w~ive Board policy which

dnver education instructor to

IS-quarter hour driver

"UI.ICIItiN

dorsement in addition to th

t1'ficate; approved Reading; approved

threequSetastte~

program changes for Whitfield

to pI

allow rebud
0
ete proJects

get of

i

ng of fund higher

s

proved a request of Clarke

Board of Education to rebudget

ments for three new projects;

a change order in the

construction now under way at

approved contracting of farm

South Georgia Technical and

tiona) School with the

Stabilization and Conservation

deferred until the March

question of construction

orities at South Georgia

Vocational School; approved

course agreement between

Indiana State University;

contract for construction of

for primary age children at the

Academy for the Blind; anr~m'flllll

struction of Warner Robins

School on a basis of

Acqu1st1t1ons D1v. University of Ga. Libraries University of Georgia Athens, Ga. 30601

J

...A Look at Education's Role Today

tended Year Approved
City, Atlanta City, Gwinand Fulton County School Systems will operate twelve-month school programs beginning in September 1968. The State Board of Education at its April meeting sanctioned the plan of these systems and other systems which subsequently apply and meet the requirements established by the State Superintendent of Schools. The programs are to be operated subject to the administration of rules and regulations determined by the State Superintendent of Schools and his staff. The first three quarters of the 12-month school year are to operate a minimum of 180 days. In other action the Board: Approved recommendations of the State Textbook Committee, "early adoptions" in the areas of mathematics, science and health, the completion of series adopted earlier and new materials in other areas; denied, for lack of funds, a recommendation of the Textbook Committee that consumable type instructional materials be provided third graders as well as first and second graders; approved contracts for maintenance services to the Surplus Property Unit; approved changes in charges for room and board at North Georgia and South Georgia VocationalTechnical Schools to conform to changing from the three-quarter system to the four-quarter system; Authorized the Division of Rehabilitation to employ professional consultants in special categories above age 55 on an hourly fee basis not to exceed $900 per month; approved a request that the Moultrie Board of Education be allowed to redistribute $30,280 in capital outlay funds for
Continued on page 8

Student, Teacher
Bayard Ta ylor Van Heeke , Jr., left, seventeenyear-old senior at Darlington School, Rome, is Georgia's 1968 State STAR Student, and Ralph ]au Don
Dorminey, right, teacher o f mathematics at Darlington, is th e 1968 State STAR T eacher.

STAR

Georgia Teacher Supply

Looks Bright for Fall

The outlook for an adequate teaching staff in Georgia's schools for 1968 is brighter than ever.
Georgia colleges and universities are preparing 900 more teachers than at this time in 1967. From September 1967 through August 1968, the state expects 3,963 new teachers to enter Georgia classrooms.
According to Ted R. Owens, Associate Director, Teacher Certification, Georgia Department of Education, many teachers from out of state have asked for certification in order to teach in Georgia next year. Because of the increase in new teachers graduating and experienced teachers moving to Georgia, Mr. Owens thinks Georgia will have no problem staffing its schools next fall and will be far ahead of many other states in this respect. The state needs an average of 5,000 additional teachers teachers every year.
Jack P. Nix, State School Superintendent, said, "We have worked quite hard at the state level to attract more teachers to Georgia, and it is gratifying to see such strong response to our efforts. With higher teacher salaries, extensive teacher recruitment, and efforts to improve education in Georgia at every level, we have many advantages to offer teachers. "
According to Mr. Owens there is still some shortage of teachers in certain teaching areas. Although there are more teachers preparing to teach math and science, still more are needed in these areas, especially in physics. Special education is another area where many more teachers are needed.
Of those now enrolled in teacher education courses in Georgia colleges and universities, 1,507 will receive degrees in elementary education, 2,196 in secondary education, and 259 will hold degrees in ungraded areas such as library science and special education.

INSIDE

EDUCATION

with State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i

One of the major problems we at the state level face as we try to guide and administer Georgia's program of public school education is the phenomenal amount of detailed paperwork and reporting which bog down our attempts to take advantage of federal monies allotted to education programs in Georgia.
This burden of administrative work has at times worked against the effective use of federal funds; it has slowed down our e~ciency at the state level and delayed translation of plans into action at the system level.
Education officials at both the state and federal levels realize their joint aim of educating children is being hampered by too many regulations, and efforts are being made to solve the problem.
I was in Chicago in February for a meeting of Chief State School Officers when the U. S. Office of Education proposed the idea of "packaging," which may be a major step toward reducing federal red tape.
The USOE proposal offers the states an opportunity, with financial assistance from Title III and Title V of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, to plan ways they would like to simplify and consolidate as many federal programs as possible into a single package.
Nolan Estes, USOE associate commissioner, explains the proposal: states could start with a small package containing Title III and the Education Professions Development Act; the second stage could add National Defense Education Act programs; and a final stage could include all federal education programs, including Head Start and Follow Through, in a single package.
The goal of the whole effort is to reduce the problems inherent in 80 separate USOE programs -fragmentation, failure to meet pressing needs, distortion of state priorities, divisive results in state departments of education and administrative overburden.
The plan may be an answer to complaints about federal red tape.
Members of the Chief State School Officers who heard the proposal are strongly in favor of such consolidation ; however, the state school chiefs

have voted to avoid combining packaging wtt..,.,.,.11,. preparation of Title III state plans before 1968.

Georgia, like all other states, is currently

much concerned with its state plan for the

istration of Title III, ESEA, and we feel that

best efforts should be devoted to this area

later in the summer when we will consider

packaging proposal.

"'"'\olllllfll

In fiscal 1969, which begins July 1, 1968 7 of the Title III appropriation will be turned to Georgia for control by the State under terma an approved state plan. The remaining 25% our state allotment will remain under USOB
trol, where it will be disbursed for projects show promise of "making a substantial con tion to the solutions of critical educational lems common to all or several states." Until the states have had very little voice in approvhll Title III projects.

In fiscal 1970, Georgia will receive 100% the Title III appropriation.

In preparing its state plan for administratilll
of Title III, Georgia has appointed an adviaJ
council of representatives of the cultural and cational community and the public. The councirt function will be to advise the State Departmeat of Education in preparation of the state Dr. C. V. Hodges, Superintendent of Waya. City Schools, is chairman of the council. A f-. of consultants has been employed to write state plan for which a deadline of May 1 has.,_
set for the first draft. This plan is to be approwd
by July 1, and then Georgia will be allowed IP"
proval of 75% of Title III funds.

At the same time, Georgia is administerial state for a Title V project to assist six So~~ ern states in developing state plans for a~ tion of Title III. Out of our sharing of tdeas
consultative help concerning Title III, the six a . -
and other clusters of states over the country mil broaden their aims to include, after July 1, . of the larger areas of concern which USO6
suggested with its. packaging proposal.

Any reduction in federal administrative tape will be well worth the effort the stateS expend.

Page 2

rgia Schools

In Lunch Survey

one hundred and fifty Georgia bools have been selected by the

SBCureau of the Census, U.S.. .Depar.t-
111e.r.n.ratu.oofoaCl oSmchmoeorlceL, utnochpaSrutircviepya.teAcm-
cai)n{o.tredFnm'adregrnettlol,JaaAcglkertictPeu.rltNureri.cexeiRvferesod~mabrycKheSnuSnpeeretvrh--

. "The national survey mms to pro-
~~d a current measure of school food VscI rvet.ces and consideratw. ns wh.ICh WI'II affect future availability and levels of

5tudent participation." Similar studies were conducted in

1957 and 1962. Findings will be used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture

~.0c

evaluating present and future pubefforts affecting nutrition of school

age children-including school lunch,

special milk and ~reakfast p~ograms .

Two questionnaires are bemg used

for the survey. Selected schools will re-

ceive questionnaire A or B, but not

both. Questionnaire A focuses on

school lunch and its financing; ques-

tionnaire B focuses on special milk,

breakfast, and food service preparation.

Grant to Finance Teacher Training
Georgia has received a federal grant of $314,971 from the new Bureau of Education for the Handicapped. The money, according to Dr. .Mamie Jo Jones, director, Division for Exceptional Children, will be used primarily for teacher training.
Dr. Jones said approximately $5,000 of the new grant will be set aside for a planning session to which local system representatives will be invited this summer.
Other projects to be funded with the new grant include a re-evaluation of lllentally retarded children in the state to determine who is educable and who trainable, scholarships for teachers of : handicapped, state administrative
ts, summer workshops for the handicapped and hiring local program directors for handicapped.

Georgia's School Superintendent Jack P. Nix, center, accepts Encyclopedia Britannica R eference Libraries on behalf of 22 selected school systems in the State , as Otis White, Jr., right, Director, Title I Programs for Atlanta City Schools, accepts the books for that system from William Sartain, Britannica district manager.

OPINIONS of the Attorney General

As to imposing certain duties upon teachers with respect to the maintenance of daily pupil records , and as to whether teachers could be relieved of this time-consuming task through the use of automated equipment in place of the present cumbersome attendance registers:
"Notwithstanding the administrative desirability to which you refer of 'allowing the use of other forms of reporting to make possible employment of data processing equipment and other centralized record keeping to account for . enrollment in the public schools,' I am reluctantly forced to conclude that until such time as the present statutes are modified, teachers may not lawfully be relieved of those positive duties which are imposed upon them by said statutes. I believe this conclusion to be required by the fact that the statutory language involved is clearly mandatory rather than merely directory. To illustrate, Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-1020 declares in part:
' . .. each teacher shall keep an accurate account of the number of pupils entering the school room and the number of days of actual attendance. For this purpose the teacher shall be provided with a register by the local school authorities ... it shall not be legal to make the final payment to any teacher until complete reports and re-

turns have been made to the superintendent of schools' (italics added).
"Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-2114 declares in part:
'All schools shall keep daily records of attendance, verified by the teacher making such record . .. ' (italics added). "And finally, Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-914 provides:
"It shall be the duty of the teachers to make and file with the county superintendent of schools at the expiration of each term of school, a full and complete report of the whole number of pupils admitted to the school during said term, ... the entire and the average attendance.... Until such report shall have been filed by a teacher, it shall not be lawful for said county superintendent of schools to audit the account of said teacher for his or her services.' (italics added).
"While nothing in this opinion is to to be taken as indicating that a teacher could not utilize any device or equipment, including automated equipment, to assist her in complying with her statutory duties, I am forced to conclude that the statutory language would not permit the teacher to be relieved of such duties through a complete shift to some entirely different form of reporting based upon the use of data processing equipment and centralized record keeping."

Page 3

Teachers: Age 10
Visitors to the schools of District 49, Overland Park, Kansas, are often astonished by the youth of many math teachers there. And for good reason: the teachers average less than ten years of age.
These youngsters from fourth, fifth and sixth grades cease being students twice each week to tutor first, second and third graders in arithmetic. It is called a cadet teacher program, and features a one-to-one ratio : one cadet to one slow learner.
Outsiders eavesdropping on typical 30-minute, sessions can hear such bits of conversation as:
"Now listen, Bobby, just pretend they're pieces of candy and count 'em up to see how many you have."
"Debbie, you're getting to be so good~ pretty soon you won't need me any more."
"I 'member you showed me how to do that yesterday. Now let's see, how did I do it?"
Adelyn C. Muller, creator and director of the three-year-old program, set it up as an experiment when grades slumped after the introduction of modern math. Today more than 350 children-more than a tenth of the entire district's enrollment-participate.
The experiment has paid off. District 49 grade schools have cut the number of youngsters who need improvement in math by 75% . Also the program won a 1967 Pacemaker Award, presented annually by the NEA and Parade Magazine for pioneering or superior performances in the improvement of education.
Time to Teach
Teacher aides are helping to lighten the teacher's load of nonteaching duties and to extend the teacher's reach in getting to the individual child. A new publication of the U . S. Office of Education, Staffing for Better Schools, cites a study which proves teacher aides really do help. A five-year study in 25

Michigan schools measured teachers' activities before and after aides joined the staff. With the aides' help, the study found: teachers cut the percentage of time devoted to routine tasks. Correcting papers was cut by 89%; enforcing discipline, 36 %; taking attendance, 76%; preparing reports, 25%; supervising children moving between classes, 61%; monitoring written lessons, 83%. With freedom from these duties, teachers increased the time they spent on lesson preparation by 105% ; recitation, 57%; preparation of homework assignments, 20%; and individual coaching, 27%.
Anything Goes!
Many teachers would attempt revolutionary techniques, but are defeated by a lack of support and funds. A unique program in Connecticut is giving teachers a chance to experiment. Using $25,000 in federal funds , the state has awarded 25 teachers grants to test their pet projects. One teacher is using real rabbits, guinea pigs, snakes, frogs and mice to show her kindergarten students animal life. Older students are creating a nature trail and visiting ponds during Saturday science workshops. Junior high students are sponsoring a film festival and reading the novels on which the films are based.
A Talking Bus?
A talking school bus? They have one in Gunnison, Colo., and its name is Mr. Ed. He has been on the job for more than a month now, the brainstorm of a teachers' group in Gunnison. His duties are to provide education and entertaining diversion for 54 students who spend two hours a day on the bus, traveling 32 miles between home and school. Students wear earphones, which they may tune in to any of seven tape recorder channels or a radio station.

Flexibility Plus

Educators have always known

some classes should be allow d that

time, that

such as others -

labcos nacnedntararttecdiasesleesl'lloa.nred

experiences such as language ~

- could be shorter. But to sch~

cl.asses for each student accordt'ngutleo

his for

needs any

would school

baedma imniosntruamtoern. taSl o~

falls back on the traditional 50- c1ass per1.0d for everything. DUnute

m.

Dwuarsihngm' gtthoen

past summer State tried an

educat approaocrhs

that may promise a solution. The Data

Processing Section of the State Educa.

vidualized instruction on a system-

in~!
uc

step-by-step

basis

throughout

an

e8~T.~'hesfcohuoro-lyeparro-oglrdamex. pen.ment, calied

. 'dually Prescribed Instruction

JndiVI
I)

attracts

100

V.IS.it.mg

e d ucators

(IP 'week. Already 1,000 school disetnv.cetrsy have asked to become a part of

!PlT. he difference between today's regu18r schools and IPI are many an.d obV.IOUS, observers say. Each pupil sets hs own pace. When he has completed
1
8 un1t of work , he. is tested,. the test is corrected immediately, and If he gets
grade of 85 % or better, he moves
3
on. Otherwise, the teacher offers a

And it's happening all over the U. es, in big school systems and small

ones. The projects described on " - pages are culled from reports of

many which come across ALERT1 These are just a sample of many

exciting experiments educators are onstudents these days. Some of them

work; others don't. But the "anyt

' attitude of most schoolmen is a

healthy sign that education is alert ~iftr to improve, to change and grow.

tion Department helped four high schools prepare schedules with the help of computers. In each school the day is broken into 15-minute modules. Information about students, rooms, instructors, etc., wa:s fed into a computer. Then the computer furnished the actual schedules which school representatives put into effect. The assistance this year was on a trial basis, jointly financed by state and district.
School of Future
The school of the future is here and now, though only in an experiment~
way. At Oakleaf Elementary SchooliD Pittsburgh, Pa., 250 pupils ~re learn~
ing mathematics, reading, science. an
spelling- each at his own. indivtd: pace. The pilot program bemg c.arnthe
on under Title IV of ESEA .15 of
nation's first successful operatton

series of alternative activities to correct the weakness, including individual tutoring. There are no textbooks, and almost no lecturing by the teacher to the class as a whole.
The school's attendance rate is highest in the county, and one of the highest in the nation. Pupils are happy because they are not frustrated. Teachers are happy because they are teaching. Many students have performed from three to four grade levels above what normally would be expected at their age.
The experimental school may be remaking the face of education in the United States. Sponsors think its success proyes that soon, perhaps in two or three years, it will be possible to provide individual ized education for each child by techniques that are economically feasible for use in our public schools.

Teacher-Partners
New Idea in Teacher Staffing: Partnership Teaching, with one teacher serving in the morning and another in the afternoon, is growing in the Boston area, where there are now 20 such partnerships in elementary and secondary schools. The program permits reactivation of teachers who, because of family responsibilities, do not want a full-time position. It also allows for teaming teachers with strengths in different areas; gives students another set of brains to pick; and provides a built-in substitute teacher. The teachers' hours overlap for consultation and pl anning .
Mobile Repair Shop
A Mobile Tune-Up Training Unita miniature auto repair shop on wheels-is visiting Connecticut's 14 vocational-technical schools to offer special instruction in auto motor tuneup maintenance. A cooperative effort of the State Department of Education and the Labor Department, the traveling unit was developed under the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1963 and is designed to train people for full-time jobs in a well-paying field. The unit is a van towed by a cab tractor and is self-contained, able to generate its own power for lights and machinery operation. Two auto maintenance experts, both certified teachers, will accompany the mobile unit on its rounds. They offer instruction for beginners and a refresher course for auto mechanics.
Project Create
Project Create, sponsored by the Connecticut Department of Education in cooperation with the Connecticut Commission on the Arts, is providing 3,000 youngsters in six elementary schools a chance to let their imaginations run free . Project Create is showing that a little extra spending, plus experimentation in instruction in the arts - music, painting, the dance -

can open up new avenues of expression for elementary school children. A $150,000 grant under Title III of ESEA is financing the project. Children in the project have seen the Paper Bag Players perform a fairy tale with music and dancing, an original play, and a performance' of the medieval-style musical drama, "Noah's Flood." Every child with an interest in or aptitude for any form of the arts will have an opportunity to apply his skill and talent to some creative activity.
Hostesses
Fairfax, Va., School Newsletter reports that at each elementary school last year, a dining room "hostess" was employed to relieve classroom teachers of lunch hour supervisory responsibilities. The new project was designed to give teachers at least one free period during the school day.
Three Heads Better ...
An experimental project designed to improve the learning experiences of educationally disadvantaged children is being conducted jointly by Atlanta University, Atlanta Public Schools and Emory University, institutions which share a common interest and concern over the plight of deprived children in the inner city.
To combat the complex educational problems of these distadvantaged children, Urban Laboratory in Education was formed to serve as a vehicle for collaboration to develop ways of improving the education of these children.
Atlanta's Urban Laboratory, funded by a $3 million grant from the Ford Foundation, is one of five such Educational Improvement Projects in the South financed by Ford. It was established on the faith that the universities and school system could attack the educational dilemma of the disadvantaged more effectively by working cooperatively rather than alone.

Page 4

Page 5

on Education

Proposals which would revolutionize rural education from coast to coast are urged in a special report of the President's National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty. Recommendations of the 25-man Commission range from innovative preschool programs to adult education. The sweeping changes, if adopted, would change an educational system that has historically shortchanged rural people into a system that will go a long way toward helping the 14 million people who live in rural poverty to help themselves. Early childhood education was emphasized. "Every child be,ginning at age 3 sho'uld have an opportunity to participate in a good preschool program," the report said. "This report is about a problem which many in the United States do not realize exists. The problem is rural poverty . . . which is so widespread, and so acute , as to be a national disgrace, and its consequences have swept violently into our cities." The report recommends that the President streamline administration of all federal education programs affecting rural schools.
The dropout rate among nonwhite 16- and 17-year-olds has fallen sharply, according to a report compiled by the U. S. Census Bureau and Department of Labor. In 1960, 77 percent of nonwhites in the age group were enrolled in school; in 1966, 83 % . White enrollment rose from 85 % to 89 % .
Approximately 2,500 unemployed or underemployed Atlantans are receiving education and training for jobs through the Atlanta Concentrated Employment Program. The $4.5 million federally funded project is a part of Economic Opportunity Atlanta, Inc. The Atlanta Public School Division of Vocational-Technical and Adult Education is the training and educational unit for the project. Harold D. Roberts , project director, heads a staff of 20

instructors and two counselors who are housed on the fifth floor of the old Georgia Power Office Building at 52 Fairlie St. The Center has been operating since August 14, and is funded through July 1968. About 100 new recruits enter the program every two weeks. The Department of Education Rehabilitation Office provides evaluation for trainees through the Atlanta Employment Evaluation and Service Center.
Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge has announced its 1968 National and School Awards Program, for which nominations are due not later than June 30. To be eligible for the awards, material must have been written, developed or released between November 1967 and November 1968. The sole basis for judging material is the Freedoms Foundation "Credo of the American Way of Life." Additional information and entry blanks are available from Awards Administration, Freedoms Foundation, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
Why do school bond issue campaigns fail? School Boards magazine lists these common mistakes: 1. an appeal simply for money and new buildings, 2. no genuine year-round public relations program, 3. use of threats, 4. inappropriate proposal, 5. poor timing, 6. failure to truly involve the people.
California's public school system, the biggest and often rated the best in the nation-isn't all that good. So reports a blue-ribbon citizens' committee after two years of study. The report called for "radical redirection" of California's public schools. Like other schools in the U. S., California schools are perpetuating the "rigidities of the past," when they should be developing new ways of meeting the

demands of the highly society of the future, the report

con"dI nI.h. othnes

inner cities now stand,

of Arnerica,
we fail to

cate nearly one-half of all our y people. In the 16 largest cities ~

at least 100,000 young men

women turn 18 each year without....

good an education as the avCI'IIl
suburban child has at the end of a.

eighth grade. If half these men aad
women become dependent on societJ

the cost of maintaining them throup:

out their lives is likely to be five billioa

dollars." So writes Hugh Calkins

support of his belief that the natioa
must give priority to "including till poor in American life." Calkins is a

member of the Executive Committee

of the National Committee for Support
of the Public Schools and of the Lea-

islative Committee of the National

School Boards Association.

If Mississippi began to drasticallJ improve its educational system now, it would be the year 2000 before tbe state's citizens would draw even widl national levels of income. According to Education U.S.A., a publication of tbe National School Public Relations Association, this is the conclusion of an initial phase of a statewide education study prepared for the Mississippi Research and Development Council by Booz-Allen & Hamilton, a management consultant firm. The study shows that Mississippi ranks at the bottom of states in a number of education cate-
gories-teacher pay, expenditures per
child, ranking of students in national
tests.
Edwin J. O'Leary of Garden City, Mich ., has never lost a bond issue during the 26 years he has been a
superintendent in both Illinois ~ Garden City. Since joining G~rden ~
in 1952 he has won a stnng of 2 consecut,ive election proposals.

Page 6

. Singletary, Associate Superintend-

IJf ,.,

oTflfiSiSch~hoillsdraedndarensdseYs otuhteh

Georgia Comat its meeting

-"tt 0~ in March. At right is Mrs. Mamie

il )lacf Atlanta, who moderated a panel

f. TaY. or: left William H. Burson, DirecjttU~~;;gia D epartment of Family and

~ddren Services.

Georgia Press Covers Education
Georgia's press is generous and con. tent in its coverage of education news
all over the state.
Four of the latest examples are a special edition of the Athens Banner-
Herald on Feb. 25 entitled "Advancing
Athens through Education"; The Dalton Daily Citizen-News
sixth annual edition March 9 of the "Dynamic Dalton Story," which included 40 to 50 articles .on education and schools;
The Kingsland Southeast Georgian, which featured on its front page for Feb. 22 picture-story coverage of the Camden County Schools' annual Curriculum Fair; and
February 26 and 27 editions of the Alllens Banner-Herald and the Athens Ddy News, respectively, which reported on the decision of a $12 million plant to locate in Athens. Both articles quoted Reliance Electric Company officials as saying a "major advantage lhat gave Athens-Clarke County the
new industry was the Athens Area
Vocational-Technical School, now in its second year." A Reliance official termed the facility "one of the best I have seen anyplace."

Two Bills Vetoed
Governor Lester Maddox vetoed
both bills which the Georgia Legisla-
ture passed to allow reduction of the Pllpil-teacher ratio in Georgia public SChools.

Book Offers New Fuel for Great Debate

Since the 1920's, beginning reading programs in most U. S. schools have been dominated by the "meaning emphasis" approach, which focuses a child's attention on story content and pictures.
Now comes Jeanne Chall, Harvard University Professor of Education, with a book which says that 50 years of research tend to prove this method less effective than another method, which she calls "code emphasis."
Professor Chall's book, "Learning to Read: the Great Debate," is her report on a three-year, Carnegie Corp. financed study of significant reading research completed since 1912. Probably the professor's most startling conclusion is that we are teaching children to read primarily by an approach which 50 years of evidence tend to prove is less effective than another. What is more, "the findings of research in beginning reading . . . are not an im-

portant factor irt practicing decisions about beginning reading instruction." In short, educators are ignoring what researchers say about the effectiveness of our most common method of teaching reading.
The approach Mrs. Chall finds more effective is called "code emphasis." It focuses the child's attention on a printed word - and stresses that this word is made up of letters representing sounds that stand for the spelling of words they hear.
"This report is not the last word," says Professor Chall. She admits that numerous reading specialists don't agree with conclusions of the report. But she is convinced the study accurately portrays the results of the best reading research available. She bases her conclusions on study of 67 research studies, visits to 300 classrooms and interviews with 500 teachers and school administrators.

SUMMER STUDY OPPORTUNITIES

The U. S. Office of Education will from Mrs. Jennelle Moorhead, Coprovide approximately 500 fellowships ordinator, International Studies, Port-

during the 1968-69 academic year for land Center for Continuing Education,

graduate training of personnel needed Portland, Ore. 97207.

by the nation's libraries and information centers. USOE has announced awards to 51 colleges and universities in 27 states and the District of Columbia that will select and train Fellows in library and information sciences. In Georgia, Fellowships are available at Atlanta University ($56,160), Emory University, Atlanta ($49,920), and Georgia Tech ($18,720).
Two summer education seminars in South America are being sponsored by the Division of Continuing Education, Oregon State System of Higher Education, in cooperation with the Office of International Programs, Portland State College. One is a seminar on the culture of Ecuador, designed especially for teachers, from June 25 to July 25. The second is a three-country study seminar on Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru from July 8 to Aug. 5. Both will offer optional graduate or undergraduate

Approximately 1,225 persons will receive training in librarianship this summer and during the 1968-69 academic year at 39 institutes throughout the country, the U. S. Office of Education has announced. Institutes are to be, conducted by 35 colleges and universities in 21 states, including Emory University in Atlanta (July 29-Aug. 16) and the University of Georgia (July 29-Aug. 16 and Sept. 1968-May 1969). For additional information contact the institutions involved.
The Scottish Rite Consistories in Georgia are offering a $2,800 Fellowship for one year of graduate study in the School of Government, Business and International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. Applications are available from F. C. Underwood, Jr., Chairman, Education and Americanism Committee,

credit. More information may be ob- 208 Bull St. , Savannah.

Page 7

ON BOARD ... Continued from page I

construction at Central Elementary School rather than for equipment; approved a request of the Bryan County Board of Education for capital outJay funds to consolidate all schools in the county into two existing centers, one at Richmond Hill in the southern part of the county and one at Pembroke in the north, when state funds are available; approved new and renewal leases for vocational rehabilitation offices; approved the following grants under the Library Services and Construction Act for Inter-library Cooperation Projects: Albany Junior College, $9,420; Albany Public Library, $7,845; Atlanta Public Library, $11,954; Coastal Plain Regional Library, Tifton, $9,983 ; Union Catalog AtlantaAthens Emory University, Atlanta, $1 ,440; approved a request that Emanuel County Board of Education be permitted to delay the consolidation of Oak Park Elementary School and Summertown Elementary School in order to comply with an HEW request to integrate the first grades at Swainsboro Primary School; adopted a policy allowing area and county system boards of education to require all school buses to have two or more members of the

school patrol on each bus while the bus is transporting public school pupils; approved a request that the Forsyth County Board of Education be permitted to transfer $38,600 from Cumming Elementary School project to the Vocational High School project in order to make use of available Appalachian funds; approved changes in subsistence rates at resident schools; approved consolidation plans for Carrollton, Cochran, Waycross and Thomasville City School systems when funds are available; welcomed new heads of departmens of the Georgia Education Association; approved final plans for construction of a boys' dormitory and and a machine tool laboratory at North Georgia Vocational-Technical School, and passed a resolution transmitting these plans to the Georgia Education Authority (Schools); reaffirmed established Board policy requiring a school day to consist of six hours exclusive of recess and lunch peiods for grades 4 to 12 and four and a half hours for grades one to three; approved a new plan for funding for the Atlanta Evaluation Center consisting of a combination of grants from the U. S. Rehabilitation Services Administration for

projects in Research and D ~Ion, I nnovatr.on and TrainingemSoen~-

m new areas; appointed a commi- -.

Board members, Henry Stewanltee

Kimsey, J.r., confer With

and James S Superintendent

pNetiex'rs,

GDer.orgA1.adeIrnhsotJl.tduteofonthGeovUernnimveersn1.tty

proposal for reorganization of

Office of Vocational Reh<toluta,tW

Services; amended existing

adoption policies to require th t

bid price for textbooks offered in a

gia shall be no greater than that

fered in other political subdivisions

the same edition; approved a

from Superintendent Nix that the

partment be allowed to work with

Budget Bureau in obtaining

in funds for converting the pavilion

the Georgia Academy for the

into classrooms; approved the sale

Series 1968-A Bonds by the

Education Authority (Schools);

proved an extension of time for

ning a comprehensive area high

in Whitfield County to be built

Appalachian funds.

Next committee meetings: May 8

Next Board meeting: May 15

0 NE afternoon a librarian in middle Georgia found two women looking around in the stacks in the public library. Not knowing the women, she introduced herself and asked if she could help them. They told her their husbands were meeting with the local chamber of commerce officials discussing the location of a new industry in the town. While their husbands conferred, the women were sent to investigate services and books available at the public library.
Both the wives and the businessmen were pleased, and the town got the industry.
"That just shows how important a good library is today. It is not just an old building full of musty books, but offers movies, special p,rograms for children, extension services to the community, facilities for book discusssions, art exhibits and books to read just for pleasure," says Miss Lucile Nix, former Chief, Public Library Services Division for the Georgia Department of Education.
Every county in Georgia benefits from public library services, with 36 regional or multi-city library systems serving 134 counties and county-wide libraries in the other 25 counties. The Public Library Program has been a part of the Department of Education since 1943, when jurisdiction was changed from the Georgia State Library Commission. In 1944 public libraries first received state aid.
Large Units When Miss Nix came to head up public library services for Georgia in 1945, there were 11 regional libraries. Miss Nix promoted the idea of large units serving large areas. Today Georgia has more large units of library service than any other state. The units are able to do more by working together than any of them could do alone. Seventy-nine bookmobiles operate out of regional headquarters and
Continued on page 4

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
AUG 3 01968
at Edfifi.{ltMrm's Ro~
Closing the Book
On 54 Years Of Library Service
By Candy Hamilton
Miss Lucile Nix, left, and Miss Sarah Jones receive the 1968 Distinguished Service Award from Georgia College at Milledgeville on Honors Day, May 6. They were cited for their contributions to the field of library services in Georgia. Each received a pin and bracelet from the library committee of the Georgia Education Association and recognition from the children's section of the Georgia Library Association in appreciation of their contributions to libraries in Georgia. As the fitting climax to a career of library service, Miss Nix received the Joseph W . Lippincott Award at the American Library Association meeting in St. Louis in June. The award is a special certificate, medal and $1,000 given each year for distinguished service in the library profession. Through this award the association recognizes one professional .librarian in the United States for outstanding participation, activity and contributions to the profession and its aims. Miss Nix was selected by a special award committee who reviewed nominations of librarians from all over the United States. Following retirement July 1 Miss Nix says she plans to travel and visit her 39 great-nieces and nephews. Miss Jones' major plan for her new spare time is gardening. "Both weeds and flow ers," she says.

INSIDE
EDUCATION
with State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix

Rein~
But Reptaee

How can we judge the quality of a school? Educators have been trying since public schools were first begun. And they have yet to come up with an infallible method for judging the quality of education. Current efforts at assessing education nationally are being considered in the Carnegie Foundation's controversial proposed "national assessment program." Oregon has had standards for its schools since the early 1900's. A few other states have some way of assessing the quality of education. In Georgia, we began applying Standards to all schools last year. The consensus today is that education, if it is to improve, must know where it stands. Some sort of measuring device is necessary, though educators do not agree upon any one method. Before Standards were established, Georgia for many years assessed its schools and the quality of education in the state by criteria of the Georgia Accrediting Commission and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
These two agencies, both voluntarily established, have provided leadership and inspiration which have helped Georgia schools achieve their present high status among school systems in the South.
The Georgia Accrediting Commission has brought us a long way since 1904, when their first rules required "at least two teachers in the high school, one of whom may be 'the superintendent"; they established a minimum of 13 units for admission of a student to the University (of Georgia) and a "maximum of ten recitations a day for the high school teacher."
Georgia's new Standards for Public Schools set a minimum of 12 teachers for a high school, a minimum of 18 units for graduation.
Neither the Georgia Accrediting Commission, at first affiliated with the University System, then with the Department of Education, nor the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools has any legal power to enforce its standards. The two agencies are strictly voluntary, not established by law. Their primary method of enforcement is through public opinion.
The Georgia General Assembly, knowing the state each year is spending more and more dollars
Page 2

for ed~cation, felt the need for some standard'-...

statewide measure of the quality of educati--u,

a;: taxpayers'
wrote into

mthoene1y96i~s

~biunyiinmgu. mSoFotuhnedalteigoin~n

the

~ram
hshed

Law the. provlSlo.n t~at for public educatiOn m

standards be Georgia eleme

~

and high schools.

n_1

~n ~ears past, du~ing the Department's m

satlsfymg and rewardmg work with the two accr:

iting commissions, professional staff members do.

voted much ~f their time to work with school

systems to bnng them up to accreditation stan-

dards.

The Department of Education has been the

p~incipal li~ison between schools and the accred-

Itmg agencies.

But now that the State Board of Education is

required by law to establish and enforce Standards

for Georgia Schools, our consultants will find new

demands on their time and talents. Staff of the

Department of Education have met with officers

of both associations to work out a smooth transi-

tion from our present status as principal contacts

for the accrediting agencies to a new position

for the Department in a consultative, advisory

capacity.

After July 1, 1969, the primary responsibility

for contacts with school systems will rest with the

two associations-the Georgia Accrediting Com-

mission and the Southern Association of Colleges

and Schools, although staff of the Department of

Education will continue to cooperate with per

sonnel of the accrediting agencies in every possible

way.

Standards for Georgia Schools are not intended

to replace the very effective standards which we
have had for so many years through the work ~

these agencies. However, Standards for Public
Schools in Georgia will reinforce what has .bec!D

accomplished and will become, by law, the cnt~

for which Department staff will have respo~

bility in assessing the quality of schools. SettiDI

even higher goals for schools and systems to

reach in the years ahead will result, we earnestly

hope, in a better statewide school system thane:
before. This can be achieved only thro~gb aad

cooperation of all state and local agencies .

individuals concerned with improving education.

Georgia Department of

has won citations in

1968

School contest

Public Relations conducted by

Management magazine. pepartment was ~onored for

blications, Georgw ALERT,
pu by Publications and

Services Division,
fill The In Crowd, published by
te Division of Vocational Edu-

,.non.
In this eighth year of the con-

more than 1,200 entries-
!-r-r.ecord number-were recet.ved judged. The 136 winners,

resenting nearly 100 com-

:!mties in 35 states and Canada, ~ announced in the May issue
tl School Managem~nt,. a leadiDS national pubhcatton for

ldlool board members and ad-

JDinistrators. Eight publications categories
were considered by the judging

team composed of the maga-

Jine's staff, two nationally-known

education editors and a profes-

8onal magazine director. The

categories were : curriculum and

pidance projects; teacher re-

auitment brochures; staff pub-

ALERT, In Crowd Make National Winners Circle
This certificate for merit in school public relations is
awarded to
~te [Oept. of i&fucation
for exceptional performance in the 1968 School Public Relations Awards competition, sponsored by
SC HO O L MA NAGEMENT MAGAZ I N E
Certificate of Merit awarded ALERT

lications; school district periodicals; annual reports ; building campaign literature; budget and finance publications; and special material.
Georgia ALERT received a Merit Award in the periodicals category, and The In Crowd received an Excellent A:ward in the guidance and curriculum category. Special certificates were awarded to Jarrot Lindsey, Jr., director of Publications and Information, and to the Department of Education.
Purpose of the contest is to encourage better school public relations by singling out districts that demonstrate superior skills in their publications. This was the first year the contest was open to state departments of education. Six state departments were cited for their publications; the remaining winners were local district efforts. In the opinion of the judges, this year's winning entries were marked by a professionalism "unfortunately rare" in published material distributed by schools.

Provide Job for Each Man, Advises Council on Vocational Education

Grant to Upgrade Teacher Training

"No longer can the emphasis be on matching the best man with an existing job; it must be placed on providing a suitable job for each man or equipping the man to fill a suitable job," aays the Advisory Council on Vocational Education in its summary and fteommendations, V 0 C A T I 0 N A L EDUCATION the bridge between man flld his work.
The Council studied vocational edu~on in the United States under a proVision of the Vocational Education Act
~ 1963. Its findings and recommendations are presented in the 16-page reJIOn, available from the American Vo-
cational Association.

Some of the Council's findings :
Seven million persons were enrolled in vocational education during fiscal 1967. Enrollment increase for the three years VEA '63 has been operational ( 1965-67) was about 300 percent larger than the enrollment increase for the three years prior to implementation.
Most students were in home economics, office and trade and industrial courses.
More than nine out of ten students who completed vocational high school and post-high school programs in 1966 and who wanted jobs, were employed full time in October 1966.

Eight universities and a regional educational laboratory have been selected to carry out the first stage of a new, six-year effort to upgrade the training of teachers, the U. S. Office of Education has announced.
Among the institutions chosen is the University of Georgia, which will receive a $95,000 grant to plan and design a model program incorporating new techniques for training preschool and elementary school teachers.
Following the design stage, the programs are to be developed and operated in teacher-training institutions collaborating with local school systems.
Page 3

A library is not just an old building full of musty books. It reaches into every
facet of adult and young lives ...

Continued from page 1
along with 14 other vehicles carry books to readers in outlying areas.
In working with libraries on the local level, Miss Nix says that state workers try to provide consultative and reader services. Supplementing local bibliographies, obtaining material for the public library and helping local libraries quickly place new books on the shelves are included in the service. State staff encourage local participation in children's special programs by providing booklets and certificates for these programs.
The state catalog service sends out sets of catalog cards when public libraries order sets of approved books purchased with state funds. Every year 350,000 to 400,000 sets of cards are sent out. Georgia is the only state that offers this service to public and school libraries.
State employees conduct in-service programs, workshops for trained and untrained librarians and for boards of library trustees. They handle certificates and certification programs for state-:supported librarians.
The Public Library Services Division is part of Administrative Services Division in the Office of School Administrative Services.
Students and Adults The Georgia Department of Education serves adults and students through the public libraries; in addition it serves students with school libraries.
School Library Unit is part of Curriculum Development Division in the Office of Instructional Services. Personnel at the state level aid schools in providing individual learning programs in the elementary school, plan audiovisual and computer learning and aid schools in setting up libraries and library services in cooperation with the local public library. Miss Sarah Jones, just retired as Coordinator of School

Library Services, says that workers at the state level try to stress cooperation between local public and school libraries. Only when local libraries feel they need help does the state library staff step in.
"The level of need for library services has grown. High school libraries now need college level materials and elementary libraries must offer some students high school level material," Miss Jones said. "There is also excellent cooperation between colleges and universities with schools and public libraries."
Cooperative Efforts Cooperative efforts extend from the Department to the library workers themselves and other groups interested in education and library services.

Schoollibary officials worked

with the Standards committ clOSely

reqm..rements .and

goals

for

seceh0to0}

set li-

banradnetsh.eTGheeohrbgriaaryLcibormarmyittAeessoocft.0atEioAn

have offered much help in settin

effective programs.

g up

Federal aid is nothing new to li-

bpurabrli1.ecs.l1.WbraPrAy

pfurongdrsamhelipnedGesoertguiap

tb ande

offered the means for establishin
giOnall.1branes. Recent federal aidg hraes-

allowed the library program to incre

facilities and extend its services to blind and handicapped readers.

rn~oase

Library Services and Construction Act has provided funds for building and
remodeling libraries to provide func..

tiona!, attractive facilities and to en-

courage group activities and services

Librarian and student enjoy book together.

Page 4

as book discussions and art exhi-
~ Multi-purpose rooms for the best
IJiiSof audio-visual equipment and ser~ increase the usefulness of the fleeS s Federal funds also are proybbjcrlaedfleto encourage inter-library co-

operation. School libraries had their start in

(jeOrgia in 1937 when the only ones

e in elementary schools and served

pgrirlllarily

as

branches

of

the

mam

1
1-

brai'Y In 1966-67, 98 percent of all

schools had libraries; only 59 schools

report they have no libraries at all.

Since 1937-38, state aid to school

bbraries has grown to over a million

dollars. School libraries provide an average

rJ six or seven books per child. "The

Standards for Georgia Schools require

10 books per pupil or 5,000 books

(whichever provides more), and we are

working to build school libraries to

this size," Miss Jones said. In 1966-67,

1,089 librarians served full time in

schools with additional workers serv-

ing in more than one school. "Again,

we are looking forward to the day when

every school library will have at least

one full time librarian," Miss Jones said.

National Recognition

During the 23 years Miss Nix has

been with the public library services

and MisS! Jones' 31 years with school

tibraries, Georgia's program of library

lervices has been acknowledged over ~ over as outstanding in the nation.

t.flSs Nix has served on the National
~~~ory ~ommittee for Study of Li-
~Y ~ervtces. She is chairman of the

""51Siatton committee of the adult

l~trviceAs sdsoivciisaitoionn.oAf

the American Linew library build-

: m DeKalb County was named in
~onor last year. She received recog-
\Jni n from her alma mater, Furman

Versity, for her outstanding service

School libraries are pleasant, airy, quiet for reading and studying.

in library work. She has represented Georgia on the White House Conference on Children and Youth and on the Conference on Aging.
Together Miss Nix and Miss Jones received the Sixteenth Annual Distinguished Service Award given by . Georgia College at Milledgeville in recognition of their contributions to the field of library services in Georgia. More honors continued to come to them as they prepared to retire this July.
In 1965 the American Library Association presented Miss Jones with the Grolier Award for outstanding work with children and young people, and Wesleyan College selected her for its Distinguished Achievement Award.
Both agreed they would rather be starting out in library service now than ending their careers. According to them, "There has never been a greater challenge. School and public libraries have come into their own because of upgraded educational programs arid the need for information materials of all kinds, not just books but films , recordings and art." Libraries now offer services in recreation, information, research, art, aesthetic, cultural and economic improvement. Miss Nix added, "Because of the cooperation among school, university and public libraries

at the local and state level, any town in Georgia has a research center and other services equal to those in any large city such as Cleveland or Detroit."
Consultant Role Miss Nix and Miss Jones repeatedly stressed the state's role as a consultant to local libraries. They told of going with an accrediting committee to visit two rural schools in one of Georgia's counties. Miss Jones said, "The superintendent had us to dinner after the visit to the first school. He seemed preoccupied and nervous. Finally, he told us that the school we were to visit the next day did not have enough books in its library, and that he had agreed to let the principal have some of the books discarded by another school. The next day when we talked with the principal, neither of us hinted we knew about the loans. But as I always do on these visits, I picked up several of the books and turned through them. Sure enough, one of the books had another school's name in it. Never letting on what we knew, we just encouraged . the principal to take advantage of state aid and offered to help him get new books for his library. We aren't policemen ; we just want to help communities offer the best in library services."

Page 5

OPINIONS of the Attorney General

"If authorized by general policies and regulations of the State Board of Education, local boards of education could release pupils upon the request of their parents to attend religious services or instruction given off the public school premises, provided such program is not directly or indirectly financed in whole or in part from public funds and the students are not coerced to attend such services by the school system or its employees. However, since the State Board of Education has not authorized such released time programs for religious services, a local board of education may not legally conduct such a program."
"In response to your request for my official opinion as to whether or not the State Board of Education may promulgate rules and regulations pursuant to H.B. 1375, 1968 Session, Georgia General Assembly, which provides the following:
SECTION 1 'The State Board of Education IS hereby authorized to promulgate rules and regulations, to regulate contracts or purchases which involve the aggregate sum of one hundred ($1 00.00) dollars or more for or on behalf of students of any public elementary or

secondary school supported in whole or in part from public funds.
SECTION 2 'No person shall enter into any contract or make any purchases which involve the aggregate sum of one hundred ($100.00) dollars or more for or on behalf of any public elementary or secondary school supported in whole or in part from public funds unless such person has complied, prior to entering into said contract or purchase, with such rules and regulations as promulgated by the State Board of Education for making purchases for the students in said schools.
SECTION 3 'Any perso~ who violates the provisions of Section 2 shall be subject to such discipline measures as provided by the State Board of Education.
SECTION 4 'All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are hereby repealed.
OPINION "I am of the opinion that it would be unwise for the State Board of Education to promulgate rules and regulations in accordance with this Act because the Supreme Court of Georgia has raised grave doubt as to its consti-

USOE To Allow Title I Reallocation

The U. S. Office of Education has reversed its earlier decision of this year not to allow reallocation of Title I ESEA funds during FY 1968.
Reallocated funds will be distributed to eligible agencies which apply for additional funds and which are deemed to have the greatest needs.
Reallocated funds are to be used for kindergarten programs, new or expanded academic programs, early elementary instructional programs, cui-
Page 6

,tural enrichment programs, programs which emphasize staff development, particularly programs which provide for joint training of educational aides and professional staff.
R. C. Beeman, coordinator of Title I programs in Georgia, has requested school systems to notify him of any unused Title I funds. Other funds for reallocation will come from school systems which have had their federal funds cut off.

tutionality under orie sions of the Georgia 1945."
"It is my opinion that your (whether a teacher employed sch~ol system may legally serve of Its local 'trustees') must swered in the affirmative. To start I am unaware of any statutory tion upon the right of an ulOl\ridll simultaneously serve in both While Ga. Code Ann. Section does prohibit any person from more than one county 'office' same time, it seems quite clear positions here involved, howelfel'' portant, do not constitute the legal sense. See, e.g., Education of Doerun v. Bacon, 22 App 72 (1 ) (1918) (holding position of teacher was merely ployment and not an office).
turn to common law where we
there is no inhibition against an
vidual holding a plurality of ments or offices at the same timo less they are inconsistent with other (in other words a common
conflict of interest) . See e.g., Lotte
Rose, 132 Ga. 288, 290 (1901}. While it would be quite possible court to hold that such a common conflict of interest exists in the call a teacher (the employee) simW.,.. ously serving as a member of the aJIIJIty board of education (his employer)
the same would not be true where Ill serves merely as a local school tl'UIIfilf.
The distinction lies in the fact that
school trustees provided for under Ga.
Code Ann. Sections 32-1104, ,_ 1105 are in no sense 'employeri teachers. The trustees function
in an advisory capacity. They can
make recommendations to the employer (i.e. the county bol~llr' education) which is in turn free to reject as well as acc:ePirl.~ 'advice'."

'Reverse Priorities', Poor People Demand

The Poor People's Campaign has demanded that the U.S. Office of Education and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare "reverse their priorities to give primary and massive attention to the needs of poor black, brown and white children and parents - and to the criminally deficient schools these children attend."

,f';,;y

111 ,

Georr;ia!ls 1rait for th e m o rnillg opening o f
point.~ Oil the an!lutli Rural Ele ctric Youth

tThoeu~Liborfa

ry of Coll gress ill W the nation's c apital

ashillg/on, one in !Ime. From

ltft, studolls are Tern Jam es WilkiJis. Hart11e ll: V1rguua Wilso n , Llllua Spnngs; Jo yce Nor-

/tHI. Watkinsrille : Barbara Harns , A !h ell s; Sa!ldro Swlldard , SpriJi g{zcld; L1J1da Mac Holbrook,

Dallas: Johll Pa\'1/e, W1J1der; Eve lyn Lalle , M1llcll: Allll C R1chards011, Doug lasv1lle . The tnps

trr mrarded th e yo u!l g peo ple b y their local mral electric membership cooperatives.

Immunizations a Must Before Child May Enter Georgia School This Fall

All children admitted to public schools in Georgia for the first time this fall must have been immunized against certain contagious diseases, according to Act 1266 of the 1968 Georgia General Assembly, which became law April 13.
As provided under the law, the State Board of Health has determined that required immunizations will be those against diptheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyletis, smallpox and measles.
'The child's parent or guardian shall furnish the school to which admittance
~ sought with a certificate of a physi-
Cian licensed under the laws of the State of Georgia or public health de:nment ~cknowledging that the child
s been Immunized before the child shall be admitted," the act states.
According to Dr. Elton S. Osborne, Jr., deputy director of the Georgia

Department of Public Health , all of Georgia's 159 local health departments are expected to cooperate in the immunization program. "Those children who are not immunized by private physicians may be vaccinated through local health clinics and issued appropriate certificates," he said. "The transfer student from another state must also comply," said Dr. Osborne. "Time is short," he concluded. "Parents with children affected by the new ruling should take immediate steps toward getting them immunized."
Delegates Named
Marion Harris of Atlanta and Bill Clements of Brunswick will represent Georgia at the National Youth SCience Camp June 23-July 31, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.

In particular, the Rev. Ralph David Abernathy, who led the demonstrators, asked for an end to "preferential treatment given to high salaried administrators, to antiquated and racist state departments of education, and to politicians who generally respond only to white, middle class constituencies and the pampered schools of suburbs." He demanded that funding for educational programs should be granted on the basis of whether the programs "permit poor black, brown and white children to express their own worth and dignity as human beings, as well as to the extent to which instruction, teaching materials and the total learning process stresses the contributions and common humanity of minority groups."
U. S. Commissioner of Education Harold Howe notified state superintendents and administrators in cities with over 100,000 population of Rev. Abernathy's demands, but observed:
"Not only have local, state and federal resources for the schools been under severe pressures for economy this year, but we also face in Fiscal 1969 an impending requirement for major federal expenditure reduction as well as reductions in appropriations and in the authority to obligate funds.
"I will do everything possible to focus the reductions the Office of Education has to absorb in areas which will have minimal effect on programs serving the poor. But from my knowledge of the situation at the present time, .I have to tell you that I see the possibility these programs will suffer some reduction ..."

Page 7

7~ 'P'tiu ol 'PaM 'Ptal't~ ...
?/o ~ (Jan /1~ 'lt!
By Oscar Joiner
Assistant Superintendent of Schools

Georgia spends about $50 million annually on school building construction, and every bit of it comes out of the taxpayers' pockets. The State's population growth is complex, ranging from plus to minus to static. For these reasons, careful planning is necessary to ensure placement of each newly built school in the locality where it will best serve the system's total need.
Georgia's Board of Education, in an attempt to help systems with planning new schools and purchasing sites, has had policies governing school site selection for many years. Experts in the field advocate such policies; they consider site selection so basic that it is the subject of the first chapter of a soon-to-be-published book, "What Went Wrong?", for school planners.
Though a proposed site does not have to be approved before it is purchased by the system, it must, according to Board policy, be approved before a school can be erected on it.
Ideally, therefore, the site should be approved before it is purchased. Problems have arisen in several instances in which a system purchased land, had architects design a school for the site, and only then came to the State Board for approval. The Board in the past has disapproved sites, even though they had already been bought, when the sites did not measure up to criteria outlined in its
-

policies. In such a case, the system would face financial

loss of usable

shi.tuens.dreds

of

thousands

of

dollars

invested

in

un-

Educators realize t?a~ a modem educational progratn

cannot be confined w1thm the walls of a building. Phys-

ical education and school and community recreation also

require outdoor areas, well planned and properly devel-

oped. Environment is a very influential factor in the lives

of young children and growing boys and girls, and the

school site must contribute to their health, safety and

social well-being.

Decisions concerning a school site will affect thousands

of children for years to come. So it is important that

choices be made only after careful study and long-range

planning.

Factors to be considered in choosing a site, as outlined

by the Georgia Board of Education, include:

Choice through cooperative planning

General location

Accessibility

Environment

Availability of public services

Physical characteristics

Overall economy

Cooperative planning is one of the most effective ways

of eliminating conflicting interests and pressures by local

groups. In addition, it helps a system gain public support

for its projects by creating public understanding of school

needs. School boards should have definite, written stan-

dards against which to measure a proposed school site

rather than making each choice on varying criteria.

Most school planners agree that school sites should be

located near the center of the present and probable future

school population to be served. The reasons behind this

7~e Sdoae Stte , , ,

Page 8

Jusion are mainly economical in that more children

conewalk to school, thus lowering transportation costs.
ca;ut population s~ifts. ~ area heavily populated n~w

be without chlldren m a few years; an area unm-
~:~ted now may require a school in 10 to 15 years. School

~1uennnteirsalrefaalclytonrseemd acyrybsetalcobnasllisd.erBedu:t

lacking these, other location of existing

hool population by age group, location of preschool-age

SC pulation as a determination of the distribution of the
~obable future school population, direction of residential ~oning and natural and artificial barriers to residential

expansion. .

.

Counties havmg defimte growth patterns, such as some

urban areas, can save money by purchasing property

fields, fire stations, mills, industrial areas should always be avoided.
Where possible, a site should be chosen which will allow the school to use all available public service facilities-ample electrical power for shops, laboratories and service facilities; water and sewage lines, if available at the site {to eliminate extra cost of providing self service facilities); municipal or county fire protection (to reduce the cost of building insurance); telephone services; and natural gas, if it will be needed.
Of course, planners of school facilities will consider the activities to be conducted before choosing a site. Authorities in the field have developed what are considered minimum standards for site size though many schools will

7~e S~e Stte , , ,

before it is actually needed and while prices are lower. Of course, school planners will consider accessibility
when they !ocate schools in their communities. The site should make best use of existing streets and highways. Maximum safety and convenience will be planned for, avoiding, if possible, the necessity for children crossing heavily traveled thoroughfares. Walking distances and riding time are other important considerations. Under existing policies of the State Board, children who live within a radius of one-and-a-half miles of the school to which they are assigned may not be counted in computing allotment of state funds for transportation. Most authorities who have studied transportation planning recommend a walking distance of not more than one mile for elementary school pupils and two miles for high school pupils.
Since environment is one of the most influential factors
in the life of a child, planners should consider not only
a future school's immediate surroundings but also those areas through which a child has to pass on the way to school. Parks, libraries, churches and attractive residences are the most desirable neighbors; factories, railroads, air

require much larger acreages. For element~ry schools, experts suggest a minimum site of five acres plus an additional acre for each 100 pupils of predicted enrollment. For high schools, minimum size is 10 acres plus an additional acre for each 100 students of projected ultimate enrollment. The ideal site for a school is gently rolling land with good drainage. The contour should be slightly convex, with the highest elevation at the building position. Land with radical differences in elevation should be avoided.
Cost should be the final consideration before making a decision on a building site. The price tag is not the only indication of cost; planners should also consider the appraised value, the cost of development, cost of maintenance and upkeep and public tax loss. In most cases, a really adequate site suitable for development is a better investment than a donated site that does not meet the needs of a school's education program.
A school site, like a shoe, must "fit" to provide the best service. Careful planning and evaluation, weighing of pros and cons and consultation with experts will insure school planners of receiving the most for their money.
Page 9

on Education
Associate Superintendent of Schools Dr. Titus Singletary Jr. speaks during the dedication of of the tenth Georgia ETV Network station in Cochran . The new station, Channel 15 , has the call letters WDOC-TV honoring the late Dr. ' M. D. (Doc) Collins, Superintendent of Georgia Schools for 25 years.

Georgia's 22 area vocational-technical schools and two state schools will begin four-quarter, day and night operation Aug. 26, according to State Superintendent Jack P. Nix.
School and Department of Education personnel are currently working on curriculum materials. Instruction will be offered during the summer to teachers, who will receive technical content courses, administrators and teachers recruited from industry, who will receive education courses.
By operating from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. five days a week, 12 months a year, the schools will offer full advantages to the public plus efficient use of tax money spent on facilities, teachers and instruction, according to John Lloyd, state supervisor, technical education.
The school lunch program has been extended to daycare centers and recreational facilities in a move to reach underprivileged pre-school children and summer vacation students. The measure, signed into law by President Johnson, authorizes $96 million for the program over three years, as well as $6.5 million in fiscal 1969 for the pilot breakfast program.

The University of Georgia College of Education is publishing a new quarterly professional journal, the "Journal of Research and Development in Education." A substantial part of each issue will be devoted to a central theme selected for breadth and interest and availability of scholarly collaboration. First issue was on mathematics; second on counseling.
The Teen Broadcasters' Association and the Georgia ETV Network will cooperate in producing a television series for young adults financed by a $97,000 grant from the Ford Foundation. Teen Broadcasters, an affiliate of the Christian Council o{ Metropolitan Atlanta, produces the popular "Sound of Youth" series which is aired on WSB television, the Georgia ETV network and commercial stations in Georgia, Florida and Alabama.
New book for administrators and teachers: "Utilizing Television in the Classroom" is a new guide by the coordinator of instructional television for Stanislaus County Schools, Modesto, Calif. It's paperback, available from Pacific Coast Publishers, Menlo Park, Calif.

The University of Georgia is offering four fellowships for prospective teachers of gifted children. College graduates from Georgia and other Southeastern states may apply to Dr. Catherine Bruch, Coordinator, Program for Prospective Teachers of
Gifted Children, 105 Baldwin Hall, University of Georgia, Athens 30601.

Atlanta University has begun a free counseling center for elementary and secondary school students. Dr. Huey E . Carlton of the University's School of Education said the counseling center is designed to help school children with problems ranging from choice of careers to personal adjustment.

The Second Annual Youth Confer-

ence on Smoking and Health is sched-

uled for September 20-21 at the Shera-

ton-Biltmore Hotel in Atlanta. State

Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix

is a member of the Georgia Couunittee

on Youth Smoking and Health, con-

,

0

~

ference sponsors. Chairman IS Supe

Court Judge Jeptha C. Tanksley.

Page 10

Northeast Shared Services Project

Sponsors Weekend Honors Seminars

The Northeast Georgia Instructional

vices Unit, one of the eight Shared

~se:rovrigcieas,

projects this spring

now operating in sponsored a unique

rogram for gifted secondary school

P dents in its five-county area.
stuEighty-four students from Banks,

f{abersham, Rabun, Stephens and

White Counties were selected by local

systems to participate in a series of

four weekend semmars on the campus

of Piedmont College.

participants in the Honors Seminars

were chosen on a quota basis, half

tenth and eleventh graders and half

eighth and ninth graders. System per-

sonnel made the choices.

Objectives of the program, which

educators think might be the only one

of its kind in the nation, were to ident-

ify secondary students with exceptional

ability and to motivate and encourage

them to develop to their full potentials;

to provide these students with challeng-

ing educational opportunities not usu-

ally available in their regular school

programs by offering new content and

Atlanta, Pickens To 'Fallow Through'
Atlanta Public Schools and Pickens County School System have received grants to establish Follow Through programs under Title II of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. Atlanta will receive $168,750 and Pickens $96,807 for operating comprehensive programs of early elementary education for disadvantaged children who have participated in Head Start or similar preschool programs.
Follow Through, established in a limited number of school districts, is designed to reinforce and advance the accomplishments of Head Start through specialized instruction, comprehensive lllental and physicial services, social and psychological services, use of comlllunity resources, parent involvement and staff development.
The program is administered through the U. S. Office of Education.

new instructional methods; to deter-

mine instructional methods most ef-

fective and to

dinetweromrkininegthweitfheagsiibftielidtystoufdpern~t-s

v_iding si~ilar or ex~anded opportum-

t1es for hke groups m the future. General theme for the senes was

communication. Enrichment activities

included lectures and discussions by

outstanding speakers, large and small

group seminar discussions , use of back-

ground films and follow-up discussions

to supplement student teaching in the

humanities and simulation games de-

signed to teach certain concepts. Spe-

cial events included competition simi-

lar to the College Bowl on television,

use of programmed material in study-

ing scientific logic, and experiences in

the areas of art, music and drama.

Each student was assigned to a small

group under the direction of a teacher

experienced in working with gifted

groups.

Representatives from the five-county

area planned the program, which was

directed by Frank Fabian, director of

the Northeast Georgia Instructional

Services Unit, and Miss Aurelia Davis,

pupil personnel consultant. Miss Mar-

garet Bynum and Jack Stewart, Geor-

gia Department of Education consul-

tants for programs for the gifted, and

Dr. George Rountree, Piedmont Col-

lege, assisted in planning.

Seminars were held March through

May

Waycross -Ware Shines in Forestry
Waycross-Ware County VocationalTechnical School was winner in the Industrial Division of this year's Forest Festival Parade in Ware County. Miss Marcia Sweat, Forestry Queen, is a student at Waycross-Ware Tech. The school is offering a two-year pilot course in Forest Harvesting Technology which has been cited by Ray Shirley, director of the Georgia Forestry Commission, for "meeting the needs of a growing industry."

Kerner Commission Prods Education
The Kerner ,Commission, the President's Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, included these recommendations for education:
Substantial federal aid to districts seeking to desegregate internally or in cooperation with neighboring school systems;
Elimination of racial discrimination in northern as well as southern schools by vigorous application of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1961;
Extension of early childhood education to every disadvantaged child in the country;
Substantial federal funding of year-round quality compensatory education programs, improved teaching and expanded experimentation and research;
Elimination of illiteracy through greater federal support for adult basic education;
Enlarged opportunities for parent and community participation in the public schools.
Principals, Teachers Conference Slated
The Annual Junior High Principals and Teachers Conference will be held at West Georgia College, Carrollton, Aug. 1-2.
Judge Jeptha C. Tanksley of the Fulton County Superior Court will give the keynote address. A program will be given by a principal and team of teachers from Huntsville, Ala. Reed Gillis, coordinator of a Title III project to operate a four-quarter school year in the metropolitan Atlanta area, will speak on the four-quarter school year.
Dr. Prentice Gott of the West Georgia faculty is chairman of the conference, co-sponsored by the college and the Georgia Department of Education. Persons interested in attending should contact Dr. Gott at West Georgia College.

Page 11

THINK FAST!
School Bus Drivers Learn How Not To Push the Panic Button
Bus drivers T. L. Evans, Decatur; John Ament, Bankhead; and Walden W. Elliott , Decatur, consider one of the situations presented by the film, " What would be your first reaction if the brakes on your bus failed?"

. You _are dri_ving along ~n city traffic, approacb-

mg a signal ligh.t at an mtersection. brakes. But nothmg happens. What do
If you are a dn.ver of a school bus

iYnyooGuuedoaorpg.?p11ay

you have a better chance of making the ri h'

decision in such a crisis, after you have b;e t
trained in a new program being offered to schoo~

bus drivers.

The Georgia Department of Education's School

Transportation Unit is offering training in de-

fensive driving to the State's 5,100 school bus

operators and 500 substitutes. A new program, it

was developed by a life insurance company, used

by the U. S. Air Force, the Atlanta Transit Sys-

tem and the Greyhound Corp. John Maddox Chief, School Transportation Services, terms i~

"one of the best."

Thirty drivers are trained in daily sessions by

the transportation staff, who conduct the four-hour

course in various locations over the state. The

mobile unit is funded through the Governor's

Highway Safety Office. County boards of educa-

tion are requiring their drivers to participate. Mr.

Maddox hopes to get all 5, 100 drivers and their

substitutes trained during this fiscal year.

The training is based upon the premise that all

accidents are preventable. The thirty students in

each class sit at desks equipped with box-like

machines with push buttons labeled A, B, C, D.

Each box is connected to a central device at the

instructor's desk. The room is darkened, and a

projector is used to show film of various traffic

problems . When a narrator points out a traffic

hazard in the film , the drivers indicate their re-

sponses by pushing buttons at their desks. They

are given multiple choices.

"You must drive not only defensively, but
apply courtesy and the golden rule . You may save a life
if you do."

Page 12

Lorry Cain of the Pupil Transportation Services of the Department of Education sets up controls for presenting the multi-media safety course.
The instructor is able to note instantly what the drivers' answers are, how many answers are correct, and whether the drivers are thinking defen-
' sively. The training program receives praise every-
where it is presented. It was offered to 160 drivers in DeKalb County in May. DeKalb Superintendent Jim Cherry was pleased with the results and said so:
"Operating a public school transportation program economically, efficiently and with a high degree of safety requires sound planning and a continuous in-service training program such as the one we have just completed in DeKalb County at Dunaire School. It is. the commitment of the DeKalb Board of Education and the administrative staff to provide the best pupil transportation program possible, and we are grateful to the Georgia Department of Education for making this training program available."
Lorry Cain of School Transportation Services conducted the prog,_ram in DeKalb. He told the drivers: "You must not only drive defensively, but apply courtesy and the golden rule. Swallow your pride. You can get irritated and very mad at someone who causes you to pull over to the side of the ~oad to get out of the way, but you may save a life If you do."

Impacted Areas Face Fund Loss
Georgia school systems receiving funds under Public Law 874 {Impacted Areas) face cutbacks of approximately 20 percent in federal funds for this purpose if Congress adopts existing proposals. The total of these allotments is more than $11 million. But entitlements for the current year exceed the appropriations by approximately $91 million.
State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix has written Georgia's Congressional delegation seeking their support for full payment of the entitlements. Most have indicated their approval.
The Supplemental Appropriations Bill including an amendment for full entitlement of funds under PL 874 has passed the House and is pending in the Senate.
Ford Donates Film On Driver Education
Ford Motor Company, on behalf of its Atlanta Dealer Community Relations Committee, has donated three sets of seven driver education films to the Georgia Department of Education's film libraries. J. B. Angelo Crowe, Driver Education Coordinator for the Department, said the films will be made available through the libraries in Atlanta and Statesboro to driver education instructors in high schools throughout Georgia.
Schoolmen Get Help
Approximately 50 local school personnel attended each of a series of conferences held in May to acquaint system planners with the preparation of applications for and evaluation of Title I projects. All day meetings were held in each of the Congressional districts, conducted by Title I consultants for the respective districts.
Congratulations!
Muscogee County School system celebrated its 1OOth anniversary with festivities on April 28.
Page 13

INATTENTIVE CHILD? Maybe the Doctor Can Help

Editor's note: The following feller H'aS wriffen to ALERT in response to an article in the October-November 1967 issue describing Georgia's program for visually impaired children. Dr. L o wance , a form er teache r, wrote the article with th e "hope that these suggestions might be of help. "
The complexi ty of teaching in a nuclear age requires a certain kind of clinical observation ability not necessarily acquired from Education 101 or Professional Tools. Although I am a doctor and not a teacher, I often find myself at the other end of the long line which reaches from teacher to pupil. I find myself aligned with the child who may be arbitrarily tabbed as "inattentive," or simply mischievous.
After I have thoroughly examined a child and discover that I am in this position, I usually write a note to Johnny's teacher, asking her cooperation , and suggesting th at the note be passed on to Johnny's nex t teacher, etc. fnvariably I req uest that Johnny be move d, so that he may hear or see better.
Since my med ical spec ialty is allergy, I understand that many childhood infections and difficulties stem from an all ergic reaction. I would be happy to supply current refe rences on this topic to any teacher who is interested . For example , there can be a condition in the child's ear(s), which causes him littl e pain , may sca rcely be noticeable, eve n to him . But Johnny does not respo nd when he is called on. He is frequently guilty of th at most grievous of scholastic si ns: he DOESN 'T KNOW THE PLACE! The ordinary and very cursory testing of eyes and ears conducted by most school syste ms will not always un cover such a defic iency. J ohnny himself will not really comprehend his problem. By the time an anxious parent reaches the "last resort," the family doctor, Johnny's grade average may have fallen alarmingly low. Thus a psychological defeat factor enters the scene.
As a doctor who has practiced medicine for many years , as the fa ther of two fortunately normal boys, I urge

th at all teachers, beginning as well as ex perienced , add another criteria to th eir constant evaluation of a child 's performance: the possibility that the child may be ph ys ically ill-equipped to accomplish the task before him. In some underprivileged areas, this lack of ph ys ical equipment could be due to malnutrition , arising out of ge nerations of ill-fed, ill-housed, ill-clothed people. Such a background can influence the student's attention span, his general attitude towards school and towards his classmates and teachers. Young chi!-
HEADLINERS
Dr. Aleene Cross has been elected vice-president-elect of the Home Economics Education Division of American Vocational Association.... Wilbur J. Cohen has been nominated secretary of Health, Education and Welfare by Pres ident Johnson. He succeeds John W. Gardner.
David E. Graf, a vocational education and indu strial arts teacher in Sandwich , Ill. , has been named the 1968 National Teacher of the Year. The contest is spon sored annually by the Council of Chief State School Officers and Look magazine.
Susan Georgia Askew, a student at Early County High School in Blakely, is Georgia's Betty Crocker Homemaker of Tomorrow.
Peter Libassi resigned hi s post with the Department of Health , Education and Welfare May 1 to join John Gardner in Carnegie Foundation work with the Urban Coalition. His successor is Mrs. Ruby Martin, attorney.
Lee Franks, Executive Director of the Georgia ETV Network, will become Executive Director of the Educational Communications Division of the State of Wisconsin August 1.

dren frequently run temperature With-

out complaint. Noticing this difficult for the observant

tiseancoht etr~

flushed checks, dozing during a quiet period, complaints.

Too often the point of view inculcated in te achers and administrators is th at somehow "the show must go on." But what kind of "show" is it for a

child who feels feverish, experiences general malaise, cannot hear or see well? [t is no show at all.

Don't expect the student to tell you his ills. Actually, the ones who do are often not really sick, or sick very little. Furthermore, don't expect the

ills to be entirely physical, and thus objectively measurable. Emotional ill-

ness is preva lent in children. l recall a case of a seven-year-old , brilliant boy

who had lost his younger brother a year

prev iously beca use of leukemia. This

experience with the pain and mystery of death caused the boy to believe that

he, too, would die for the same reason. Co nsequ ently , every day at a certain time, he would complain that he "felt

bad. " An understanding teacher and

cooperative mother worked this out, but it required time , patience, and love.

Another student I know of would

approach his teacher's desk many times each day and plaintively inquire: "Is it

time to worry now?" On one occasion,

the same student, in response to a general scolding given to the entire class,

brought 4 to the teacher, saying,

"This is all I have." Hea lth y children are not very likely

to complain consistently and over a period of time for no cause. Teachers should be alert for the inattentive child,

for excessive trips to the restroom (kidney difficulties are common among young children, and are often unno-

ticed and unattended). For this reason,

arb itrary rules in a school about trips to th e restroom should be eliminated.

After all , the supposed intent of pub.lic ed ucation is to reproduce an identifiable facsimile of man's ordinary social existence. There are few restroom rules .

in the home , aside from those dealing

Continued on page 17

Page 14

ON BOARD: GTEA Deplores 'Phasing Out' Negro Administrators

The Georgia Teachers and Education Association has presented complaints to the State Board of Education that Negro teachers and administrators are being phased out when schools are desegregated in Georgia.
About 100 members of GTEA attended the June meeting of the State . Board to protest "unfair, unethical and immoral practices used in dismissing, demoting and firing Negro educators of our state."
Dr. Horace E. Tate, executive secretary of GTEA, said his group decided to take its case to the State Board because it is in "the best position to curb these practices through executive order." He said, "We have decided to give the State Board two weeks to act. We will then start court action on individual cases if necessary."
***
In other action the Board:
Presented certificates of appreciation from the Department of Education and Awards from the President's Council for the Handicapped to Georgians who hire rehabilitated persons; passed a resolution favoring pending Congressional action on vocational education funds; approved a renewal contract for frequency measurement services for WCES-TV, Wrens; approved teacher education programs at West Georgia and Georgia State Colleges; approved a proposal that, in the administration of Standards, unclassified schools and systems submit plans for meeting Standards and an explanation of their needs in meeting these Standards to the Department of Education by September 15, 1968; recommended a meeting between Dublin City and Laurens County Boards of Education to plan a cooperative operation of an area vocational high school; invited Representative Ben Brown to meet With the Instruction Committee concerning including a program of Negro history in the Georgia public schools; approved a procedure for determining the approval of a local director of vocational and technical education for

reimbursement purposes; approved Henry County's application for an area vocational high school and asked that the Department recommend action on a similar request by Spalding County; accepted an interim bulletin published by the Department on "Education about VD" and approved the inclusion of instruction in the causes and effects of venereal diseases in the health curriculum of the public schools of Georgia; approved expansion of the Athens and Moultrie Area VocationalTechnical Schools; approved expansion of Atlanta Public Library System with construction of a new branch library in Fairburn; approved a request for capital outlay funds, if and when

available, by Butts County Board of Education; approved addenda to building applications of Henry County, Chatham County, Houston County, Walker County and Newton County; accepted the donation, through the Surplus Property Unit of the Department of Education, one aircraft for instructional use at the South Georgia Vocational-Technical School; approved a recommendation of the Finance Committee that any available capital outlay funds be applied to the following systems when proper applications and building plans have been approved: South Georgia VocationalTechnical School, White, Cherokee, Haralson, Candler and Butts counties,
Continued on page 16

Wheeler County Extends School Year, Experiments with Nine-Nine Plan

While five metropolitan Atlanta area school systems are getting ready to be~ gin a four-quarter school plan next September, Wheeler County is forging ahead with an extended school year project beginning this summer.
According to William S. Clark, superintendent, Wheeler's Extended School Year, an "Educational Improvement Project" (EIP), will be a "nine-nine" arrangement: nine months (September to June) and nine weeks (June to mid-August). The summer module will be broken up into three, three-week periods, with students and teachers having the opportunity to choose one, two or three of the threeweek sessions. Credit will be awarded in accord with regulations of the Georgia Department of Education and the Wheeler County School System. Emphasis will be placed on extended and expanded learning with high concentration during a short period of time."
The project is being financed by grants from the Danforth and Noyes Foundations and involves the cooperation of five agencies: the Wheeler County Board of Education, the Southern Association of Colleges and

Schools, the Georgia Department of Education, Georgia Southern College and Albany State College. Gwen S. Flanders is project director.
Wheeler's EIP will focus on nine areas in an effort to increase the effectiveness and scope of the educational program: continuous progress in learning, developmental and remedial reading, an industrial technical education program, "learning to learn" skills, family involvement, a school-home community agent, teacher education and non-professional staff aides and cultural enrichment.
Because of the EIP project, students in Wheeler County schools have numerous new opportunities and advantages this year: more and better guidance, art for all children, public school music, creative dramatics, reduced pupil-teacher ratio, speech therapy, expanded physical education program, band, special education at all levels, curriculum specialists, cultural enrichment experiences brought into the community, extended school year, many new and varied materials and equipment, closed circut television and kindergarten as part of the total program.

Page 15

ON BOARD ... (Continued from Page 15 )

Carrollton, Cochran and Waycross cities; heard a report from Superintendent Jack P. Nix listing 14 football games which have been scheduled on Thursday nights next school year by the Georgia High School Association.
***
At its May meeting the Board: Adopted a resolution to be presented to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare for final approval preliminary to transfer of title to property at South Georgia to the State of Georgia in fee simple; affirmed a decision of the Camden County Board of Education to locate a proposed consoldiated high school in the western section of the City of St. Marys; approved a request by Superintendent Nix that he be allowed to request from the federal government an extension of time for letting the contract and increasing the funds for expansion of Moultrie Area Vocational-Technical School until June 30, 1968; approved
Lawyers Not Allowed, Says Appeals Court
The U. S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has ruled th;'lt a lawyer is not permitted to be present at a guidance conference conducted by school officials concerning a student's suspension. The court's opinion said:
"Law and order in the classroom should be the responsibility of our respective educational systems. The courts should not usurp this function and turn disciplinary problems, involving suspension, into criminal adversary proceedings-which they definitely are not."
John Medlin Dies
John J. Medlin, Jr., former supervisor of teacher certification for the Georgia Department of Education, died June 4 at his home in Atlanta. Mr. Medlin left the Department to teach at Riverside Military Academy in Gainesville.

policies on funds for trainable mentally retarded students allocating $5,000 to each congressional district for education of TMR students in private schools; approved a six-year program for reading specialist offered by Emory University; approved the Georgia State Plan for Section B-2 of Title V, Education Professions Development Act, as developed by the Division of Teacher Education and Certification; approved a recommenda-
Schools Are Better . ..
Look At the Graduates!
In the past ten years Georgia has made trem~ndous progress in overcoming its status on the lower rungs of the education ladder. Teacher salaries have moved up, as has the quality of education in the state. Dropout percentages have gone down, and the number of graduates has moved up.
As an example of the rapid strides being made, teachers and administrators in the LaGrange City School System point with pride to the 1968 crop of graduates.
Approximately 57%of the class of 180 seniors had a four-year .academic average of 80 or above; 17 % had averages of 90 or above. The students, when they graduated, were awarded scholarships, loans and work scholarships totaling $13 8,790.
Of the class of 180, 113 will go on to college, 33 will attend vocational or other type schools, seven will enter the Armed Forces and 24 will enter the job market in various fields. Only three seniors are undecided about their plans. Thirty-six of the seniors indicated an interest in teaching as a career.
"LaGrange School System is one of the many systems in Georgia contributing to the progress of education in the state," says Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix. "We can be proud of this and the many other systems which are doing such good work."

Page 16

tion th e

of use

the of

Instruction contm. um. g

cCenosmums ictateredsthu

a statewide basis be discontinued a~~

that the staff ~e requested to develop

a proposal for Implementing the intent

of the legal requirement that a contin-

uing census be kept of all school-age s~udents in Georg.ia; approved designa-

tion of Carver High School in Atlanta

as an area vocational high school cen-

ter and authorized Gilmer and Fannin

counties to establish an area vocational

high school facility to be operated on

a cooperative, experimental basis; ap-

proved requests for capital outlay

funds, if and when available, from

Dublin City, Candler, Jefferson, Worth

and Stephens counties; approved reso-

lutions certifying to the completion and

satisfaction of all obligations in con-

struction of the buildings for educa-

tional television stations at Cochran Dawson and Wrens; scheduled a spe~

cia! board meeting on Sept. 25, 1968,

to be devoted to agricultural educa-

tion ; adopted a policy concerning the

length of schools days as follows:

"Any school system which operated school days which were shortened two

hours or more will be required to make up these days in order to satisfy the 180-day requirement of State Law. If

a school system operated days which

were shortened less than two hours, if valid justification can be given for

the shortened day, such days will be

accepted for the 1967-68 school year

only.

"Beginning with the opening of the

1968-69 school year, all schools will be

required to submit, through the system

superintendent, copies of their daily

schedules showing the times for begin-

ning and ending the school day, and the

times scheduled for recess and lunch

periods. The system superintendent will

be expected to certify at the close of the school year that the system has

operated 180 fuli-length school days

during the school year."

Next Committee meetings: July 30

Next Board meeting: July 31

Inattentive Child? a Doctor Might Help
Continued from page 14
with cleanliness. A teacher who realizes a child is troubled with polyuria should contact the parent and not assume the cause to b~ one of mischief or inattention.
May I close my remarks with a note to all teachers:
Dear Teacher: Please excuse Johnny when he is ill. Give him the same benefit of any doubt which you receive when you report yourself ill to your principal. Allow Johnny reasonable restroom privileges. Watch him for any untoward signs of sudden or chronic illness. Let a firm kindness be your rule of thumb, rather than indulgence or unreasoned strictness. Observe each child in your care as another human being, no matter how difficult he might sometimes appear. Refer any unusual health problems (physical or mental) to higher authority, who can then refer them to qualified experts trained either to treat the child's physical ills or his emotional disturbances. Do not set yourself up as a doctor or nurse, but do not ignore, either, the needs a child may have for either of these. I know of a high school student who was compelled to suffer during an entire afternoon of classes, after a coach had "diagnosed" his compound fracture(!) as a sprain. Your profession is one of discipline, instruction and love. Your alliance with the art of healing will be covered under "love."
Mason I. Lowance, M.D. Lowance Clinic 46 Fifth St., N.E.

Members of the Advisory Council on State Departments of Education spent a day observing the Georgia Department of Education at work. From left, members are C. W. Antes, attorney, of West Union , Iowa; Dr. Robert J. Stalcup Jr. , Associate Program Director, Education Commission of the States, Denver, Colo.; Dr. 0. C. Aderhold, Athens, presiding officer of the Council; James E. Allen Jr ., N ew York Commissioner of Education; Byron W. Hansford, Colorado Commissioner of Education; Rodolfo A . dela Garza, Superintendent of Schools, Consolidated Independent School District, Rio Grande City, Texas. Council members spent June 3 and 4 in Atlanta and Athens, where they observed working relationships between the Department and the University of Georgia. Harry L. Phillips, Council member and Director, Division of State Agency Cooperation, U. S. Office of Education, praised Superintendent Nix and Department staff for "having developed the Department and its programs to the high degree of sophistication which is so obvious."
GED Graduates Get Certificates
One hundred thirteen clients who received training in special education
classes at the Atlanta Employment E valuation and Service Center have
been awarded Georgia High School Equivalence Certificates by Deputy Superintendent of Schools Allen C. Smith .
The clients were among 1,047 persons who received training during the period May 1, 1966 to March 1, 1968.

Raises, Recruitment Efforts Paying Off
Georgia school children are reaping the benefits of. much better qualified teachers, thanks to pay raises and recruitment efforts.
The number of teachers without degrees has dropped from 52 percent in 1947-48 to two percent in 1967-68. Besides those who have the Bachelor's Degree, Georgia has 7,533 teachers who hold the Master's Degree certificate, and 717 who hold the six-year certificate indicating a minimum of one year's work beyond the Master's.
Fortunately the number of teachers in Georgifl has increased along with attendance, which during the years 1947-1967 increased by 441,033. However, pupil-teacher ratio was 1-to33 twenty years ago and is now 1-to26. The number of teachers has doubled since 1947-48.
More men are teaching in Georgia; 23 percent (10,000) of Georgia's teachers are men. Georgia teachers are younger than ever before with the majority of them falling in the age bracket 20 to 40 years. Twenty years ago more teachers were in the 50 and over bracket.
GEA Picks Hodges
Dr: Carl V. Hodges, formerly Superintendent of Waycross City Schools, became Executive Secretary of the Georgia Education Association June 1. He will also serve as editor of the GEA Journal. Former Executive Secretary Frank M. Hughes will assume the status of Executive Secretary Emeritus.

Page 17

Job Corps Staff Is Job Hunting
Job Corps has closed four urban centers operated by private enterprise, according to Director William P. Kelley. As a result, 1,674 contractor employees became available for employment March 1.
Mr. Kelley has written Georgia School Superintendent Jack P. Nix suggesting that system superintendents having vacancies in professional, medical, clerical, skilled crafts or semiskilled craft fields might be interested in employees from some of the Job Corps centers. The centers being closed are in Rodman and New Bedford, Mass.; Lincoln, Neb.; McCoy, Sparta, Wise., and Custer, Battle Creek, Mich. Officials interested in more information should write Mr. Kelley at Job Corps, Office of Economic Opportunity, Washington, D. C.
Georgia Approves $13 Million in Bonds
Georgians approved $13,295,000 for school construction in bond elections in fiscal year 1967, according to the U. S. Office of Education's annual state-by-state summary of bond sales for schools.
Voters approved four bond elections and defeated three.
Nationally, bond sales to finance building and remodeling of schools rose to a record $3.3 billion during FY 1967. New York, California, Michigan and Pennsylvania led the nation with sales of more than $220 million each.
Smith: "Innovate"
U. Gov. George T. Smith, speaking in Savannah, has lent support to two innovative educational ideas: teaching aides as a partial solution to the high pupil-teacher ratio in Georgia, and the establishment of a state diagnostic center which would help to identify problem children at the early stages.
Page 18

Plumbing or
Philosophy?
Schools Need Both
By Wade Royston, Jr.

Former U. S. Secretary of Health Education and Welfare John W. Gard~ ner has said "The society which scoms excellence in plumbing because plumbing is a humble activity and tolerates shoddiness in philosophy because it is an exalted activity will have neither good plumbing nor good philosophy. Neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water."
The Georgia Department of Education obviously recognizes the importance of good plumbing and other maintenance practices, for it has just completed its seventh annual training program in the maintenance and custodial care of school buildings.
More than 137 maintenance men were awarded certificates of completion at the conclusion of this year's pro-

gram, held June 10-12 at Middle Georgia College at Cochran. G. G. Bailey of the Georgia Department of Education's School Plant Services section was in charge.
"Standards for Public Schools in Georgia" states that "Efficient operation of any school system demands a planned program of maintenance and custodial care for all buildings and school sites. Such a program is necessary because the quality of the instructional program is dependent on the physical environment in which the program operates, and for the protection of school property."
To help school maintenance personnel maintain the kind of physical environment necessary for a high qual-

ity instructional program, the workshop at Cochran offered six different instructional areas-steam fitting and plumbing, electricity, air conditioning and heating controls, hardware and carpentry, supervision and janitorial duties. Among subjects discussed were maintenance and care of pipe insulation, how to measure the current passing through a wire, troubleshooting air conditioning problems, repairing stairs, replacing joists and sills, screening and hiring personnel and care of grasses and shrubs.
At the workshop, Bailey said that in the future his section plans for its school inspectors to take their reports to school superintendents in person and discuss them with the superintendents

rather than simply mailing the reports from the state office. He said he felt this would help superintendents to appreciate the maintenance men's problems.
Bailey also voiced the hope that superintendents and principals would start attending the maintenance workshops.
W. W. Hickox and Julian L. Thomas , both of Chatham County, were named president and first vice president, respectively, of the Georgia Association of Maintenance and Operation Personnel for Schools for 1968-69. Robert Gault, Richmond County, was named second vice president and Walter H. Bradham, Glynn County, secretary-treasurer.

Instructor Pierce Peek, center, explains the operation of a large vacuum cleaner to J. F. Harris, left, of Odom, and Clarence Wright, Alpharetta.

Instructor F. B. Seaton shows
Garfield Arnold, McDonough, and
f.. F. Watson,
M aeon, how to "square-afj" a cut-of} saw.

Teach Children To Think, Says Poll
What do the people who pay the bill think about education issues today? Two states, California and Maryland, have conducted pioneer surveys of public opinion in an effort to find the answer. Both surveys disclosed that "teaching pupils how to think" should be given more emphasis in the classroom.
Other findings: The public is content to leave decision-making to professional educators.... Math and social sciences are the most desirable subjects for a school to teach.... Major stress should be placed on the needs of the average child. . .. The federal government and the state board of education should not be given additional control over the schools. . . .
No State Money For Counselors
School counselors, listed under Section 12 of the Minimum Foundation Law for personnel assignment purposes, do not receive state supplements as do other Section 12 personnel such as curriculum directors, visiting teachers and others, notes Dr. Titus Singletary Jr., Associate State Superintendent of Schools.

Miniskirt- Maxi-disruption
They have banned mini-skirts at Shorewood High School in the Milwaukee suburbs. Just so there would be no misunderstanding, Principal Lloyd A. Geiken wrote a letter to parents, explaining: "When a girl wears attire which is disruptive to the normal routine of school, this is the type of attire we want to look at a second time." (Jerome Beatty, Jr., in Saturday Review.)
Teachers of Young Are Project Target
Comprehensive new programs for training preschool and elementary school teachers will be developed under a five-year program of the U . S. Office of Education.
The USOE Bureau of Research is soliciting proposals from colleges, universities, industry, school districts and private and public educational organizations for the planning and design phase of the program.
Second phase of the project, financed by Title IV of ESEA, will include developing and launching the programs in institutions that train teachers.

Plenty Teachers But Not In Clas's

"There are United States

plenty of today, but

teachers they are

ninotthi~

the c.lassrooms. If we could find a way
to ratse the average salary from $6,900

to $10,000, we'd solve the teacher

shortage overnight. ... As far as I am

concerned, it doesn't make much sense

to invest money in a high school for-

eign language laboratory when the

really big failure is in second and third

grade reading. Of all the subjects in

formal schooling, reading is most im-

portant. If children fail here, they fail

everywhere. I hope the success of Head

Start demonstrates the value of begin-

ning at the beginning." The words are

those of Dr. Sam M . Lambert on the

occasion of his inauguration as execu-

tive secretary of the NEA.

Mosley Elected
James Mosley has been elected Superintendent of Harris County Schools, succeeding the late M. N. Hopkins, who was killed in a traffic accident in Alabama. Mr. Hopkins was elected Harris superintendent in 1963, after serving as principal of Harris County High School and of Woodbury High School in Meriwether County.

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