ON BOARD ... No Changes Until Standards Applied Georgia's Board of Education at its August session ruled out any changes in Standards until they have been applied and evaluated. Standards are to be officially applied to the state's schools and school systems for the first time this month. The Board heard Miss Anne Alford, band and music instructor at North Habersham High School, request that the Standard prohibiting marching band practice during school hours be waived in the case of North Habersham High School. The Board denied her request, explaining that to begin altering the Standards before they have been officially applied might invalidate the results of the survey which is scheduled this year. The Board promised to consider her request when the Standards are reviewed later this year. The same decision was given in the case of a request that Tallulah Falls School be designated a "special school." In other action the Board: dismissed a motion for reconsideration of its earlier decision favoring consolidation of certain schools in Carroll County, on the grounds that the State Board no longer has jurisdiction in the matter; denied an appeal by Wilbur L. Johnson of Lawrenceville, who contended that he had been improperly discharged from his teaching position at Lawrenceville Elementary School by the Gwinnett County Board of Education; denied, on the grounds of no jurisdiction, appeals by teachers in Newton County and Oayton County concerning contract renewals; passed a resolution in memory of and praising the (continued on page 7) UN v::'"' . GEORGIA OCT 5 1987J, Education's Role Today Volume 2, No. 1 Teacher Vacancies Down Over Last Year Georgia youngsters returning to public schools this month found more teachers, more classmates and more new classrooms than ever before. An estimated 1,181,537 students are enrolled this year, an increase of 21 ,500 over last year. The perennial shortage of teachers appears less severe this year than in the past. A Department of Education survey of local school superintendents revealed 951 vacancies in 166 reporting systems as of Aug. 10, an average of about 6 per system. At the same time last year, 158 systems reported 1,709 vacancies-an average of about 11 per system. Superintendent of Schools Jack Nix, pleased with the encouraging report on teacher vacancies, attributed it to the Governor's and the General Assembly's recognition of the importance of education in giving a $700 teacher raise effective this year. An additional $558 raise is promised for next year. "In addition," said the Superintendent, "efforts of the University System to provide more teachers are paying off. Georgians everywhere are recognizing the importance of education, and the status and image of the teacher are rising. The NEA sanctions in Florida, too, have been of some help in recruitment of teachers this year." The $700 teacher salary raise, the biggest single pay hike in the state's history, brings Georgia's average teacher salary to $6,595 this year. Beginning teachers are making $4,800. The state will have an estimated 45,220 teachers when all positions are filled this year. The 1908 schools in the state put into operation an estimated 1,131 new classrooms. The number of schools is down from last year, since more schools have been consolidated than have been built. Georgia law provides that schools observe the following days either by holidays or appropriate exercises: Thanksgiving Day (last Thursday in November), Uncle Remus Day (Dec. 9), Lee's Birthday (Jan. 19), Georgia Day (Feb. 12), Washington's Birthday (Feb. 22), Arbor and Bird Day (third Friday in February (Apr. 26), Alexander H. Stephens' ford W. Long's Birthday. INSIDE EDUCATION 11 Millio Dollar Los with State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - --- Did you know that Georgia schools lost $11 million last year? Money which could have been well spent for any number of educational programs in the state and for the benefit of our children was sent back to the State Treasury as if it were not needed. It is almost as if every Superintendent in the State paid $45.73 into the State Treasury for each teacher on his staff. How did this happen, when education so badly needs every available dollar? At the end of fiscal year 1967, we had almost $8 million left in the fund for teacher salaries. This amount reverted to the State Treasury, because we did not have the legal right to spend it for anything except teacher salaries. In addition, $2.5 million in funds for mid-term adjustment lapsed in the same way. Here is how it happened: When the biennial budget was proposed in the fall of 1964, figures indicated school systems in the state, on the basis of average daily attendance, would earn 43,125 teachers and other certificated personnel for the 1966-67 school year. When teachers were allotted, however, on the basis of true average daily attendance, they actually earned only 42 ,751. As a result , the salaries set aside for 374 positions were not paid. In addition, as you know, we faced a critical teacher shortage last year. We needed an average of 400 teachers who could not be found, but who were allotted to systems and whose salaries were in the education budget. The total salaries of these 774 teachers not employed amounted to $3,583,764 of the lapsed funds. Also, $4 million was brought forward from fiscal 1966 with the express understanding with the Governor and the Budget Bureau that these funds would not be used unless they were needed to finance the salary schedule for teachers. The formula in the Minimum Foundation Program law for computing the average daily attendance on whi teachers are allotted anticipates increases in average d attendance and takes into account average reductions increases over a five-year period. For this reason, number of teachers earned for the mid-term adjustme in 1966-67 was less than could have been anticipat when the budget was developed in the fall of 1964. fact accounts for the $2,509,830 in mid-term adjustme funds which lapsed. Lapsed funds for all other budget items of the Depart ment of Education amounted to only $1,248,009. small amount reflects the Department's careful, conscie tious efforts to handle its funds as efficiently as possible The total amount of lapsed funds was $11,331,603 That is almost 2 percent of the total State budget for ed cation for the two-year budget period 1965-67. If th needed teachers could have been found, the amount woul have been reduced almost 2 percent. The same situation has occurred repeatedly in the pas During the last year of the Sanders administration the was a similar sum of money left over. Governor Sanders however, instead of taking the money back into the Sta Treasury, used it to finance a teacher raise. I believe that the State Board of Education should hav enough latitude in the administration of the State appr priation for education to use the funds which are appt~ priated for the best interest of education in the State. If we had been permitted to do so, we could have rna good use of the funds which lapsed. The sum of $1 million would have meant a tremendous boost in the ar of maintenance and operation and salaries for substitu teachers. The State Board of Education, the Departm and I ask your support in a concerted effort to keep from happening again in the future. We can all se Georgia school children better with a more flexible pi for disbursement of education funds. Area Schools Enroll 34,000 Students More than 34,000 persons are enrolled in classes which began Aug. 14 at Georgia's 23 area vocational-technical schools. Several new courses are being offered for the first time this year, including one and two year programs in marketing and management, courses in instrumentation technology, food service technology and forest technology. Page 2 The new Atlanta school, which began operation this year in facilities of the old Hoke Smith Technical School, will move into its new quarters off the South Expressway later this fall. The Atlanta school offers more than 40 courses in technology, business education, health occupations and skilled trades. Its new quarters will consist of two modern buildings housing 40 shops, classrooms, 22 laboratories and ei drafting rooms, plus a library, c!U teria, clinic, conference room and a ministrative area. Georgia began its area school P gram six years ago in September, 196 Today, there are 23 schools in ope tion representing an investment more than $50 million in facilities equipment. LUNCH LINES Governor L ester Maddox proclaims School Lunch Week as Superintendent Jack P. Nix, Miss Josephine Martin, right, Chief Consultant, School Food Service; and Mrs. Irene Collins, President, Georgia School Food Service Association, look on. School Lunch Week Slated In October Georgia will observe School Lunch Week October 8-14 with activities which will emphasize the theme, "School Lunch Teaches Good Food Habits." Special activities will include food displays, special menus, inviting guests to school, nutrition charts, and others. (Governor Lester Maddox has signed a proclamation making the observance official.) Superintendent Jack P. Nix will distribute to system superintendents certificates of achievement for those schools that have obtained a student participation rate in school lunch of 88 per cent or higher. Georgia is among the top five states in the nation in school lunch participation. The state's efforts were boosted during the legislative session in 1967 when House Bill 160 was passed and later signed by Governor Maddox. The law authorizes the State Board of Education to prescribe appropriate rules and regulations that there may be included, as part of the program of every public school in this state, a course of instruction in nutrition, hygiene, etiquette, and social graces relating to the partaking of meals. The 1967 Curriculum Framework for Georgia Schools, (a guide to curriculum planning) provides information upon which nutrition education activities may be developed. Attorney General's Opinions Georgia Laws (1967) pp. 481-82 does not impose upon boards of education of independent (i.e. municipal) school systems the requirement to publish certain fiscal statements and records of the school systems which they operate and maintain. The relevant portion of the law reads: "As soon as practicable after the close of its relative fiscal year ... the governing body of each municipality shall cause to be published in the municipality . .. a general balance sheet and statement of revenues and expenditures showing all municipal accounts as of the close of such preceding fiscal year . " (italics added) ~ I Governor's Conference Studies Future Steps "Next Steps in Education . . ." is the theme of the 1967 Governor's Conference on Education, slated Sept. 27-28 at the Biltmore Hotel in Atlanta. Governor Lester Maddox will lead off the conference Wednesday evening with a banquet address. State Superintendent of Schools Dr. Jack P. Nix and University System Chancellor Dr. George Simpson will speak Thursday. Small table discussion groups are also scheduled Thursday. The annual event is sponsored by the Georgia School Boards Association, of which Jack Acree is executive secretary. Georgia Ranks High Georgia, fifth-ranking state in the U.S. in school lunch participation, finances its gigantic school food service program from several sources. Payments from pupils, averaging 30 cents per meal, provide the major funds. A growing number of local systems are providing supplementary funds, and three federal programs offer assistance: the National School Lunch Act of 1946 (cash assistance and donated foods), the Special Milk Program of 1954 (cash assistance for lowering the price of milk), the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (assistance with food service in needy schools) . At the State level, $1.3 million was appropriated by the General Assembly last year to assist local systems in their school lunch programs. But the funds have been withheld because of -an Attorney General's opinion that use of state funds for school lunch purposes was not legal. The question was to be tested in court this month. The Georgia school fund service program comes under Standards for Georgia Schools, and is operated as an integral part of the educational system through agreement between local systems and the Georgia Department of Education. Last year, Georgia schools served 128,000,000 lunches and purchased $30 million worth of food from Georgia vendors. School lunch managers are seeking a 15% increase in participation this year in an effort to keep costs down. *** Plentiful foods for September are turkeys, pofatoes, peanut products and seasoned vegetables. *** To help with record-keeping problems, two programs are scheduled on ETV this month for lunchroom managers: "Keeping Daily School Lunch Reports" on Sept. 15 at 7:30 a.m. and 4 p.m., and "Preparing Monthly Reports," Sept. 22 at 7:30 a.m. and 4 p .m. and again Sept. 29 at the same hours. Page 3 Computer to Save Teachers' Time A new computer "pupil accounting operation" put into effect this year by Atlanta City Schools will save teachers an estimated 111 ,000 hours of clerical time in a year, schoolmen think. The system has been in the pilot stage for two years . It will process student registration, grades, attendance and other information for the 157 schools in the system, resulting in a tremendous reduction in clerical work Clyde Pearce, Standards Coordinator, directed two orientation meetings, one in June, another in July, to explain th e use of the Standards for Georgia Schools to Department personnel who will do the evaluations. These department representatives will visit local schools and school system s to see how th ey m easure up with the guides set by the Standards. The two groups who m et at Young Harris College had fifty participants each. for teachers. For example, it now takes teachers three months to schedule classes by hand ; the computer will re- Ninth District Gets Half-Million Grant duce the time to one week. Georgia has received a half-million population as they have not been Computers in schools are fairly new dollar grant from the U.S. Office of before. in the South , according to Dr. John Education, one of the largest ever "The Center will, when fully uu.u"'" Martin, Atlanta Assistant Superinten- awarded under Title III of the Elemen- provide leadership in curriculum dent. He thinks they are employed no- tary and Secondary Education Act, to instruction, student personnel ~P.t'vt'"'" where else in the area except in Mem- establish a pacesetting shared services and school business services. In phis, and there in a limited capacity. project in the Ninth District. area of curriculum and Atlanta's operation will probably be one of the country's most sophisticated. E ven more elaborate than the Atlanta System's operation will be the computer system to be utilized at the Atlanta Area Technical School when it opens later this fall. Part of the facility will be a teletype tie-in with the state's other area vocational-technical schools, giving each school instant access to whatever information is needed from a central information bank. The project involves the entire district-29 school systems-which range in size from 246 pupils in Tallulah Falls to 13 ,341 in Gwinnett. The whole district has 90,000 school-age population, about the size of the Atlanta City school population. "Because of small size and inadequate financing, the area lacks the system-wide leadership and services needed to improve the range and quality of educational opportunity," said specialists will be provided in subjects, kindergarten, education, ing, adult education, exceptional dren, and independent study. Pilot school reorganization and cultural ects will be undertaken . An "u'"'-"Luu'uill media center will provide a wide riety of services-consultative, loan and repair, and centralized cessing," explained Mr. Kirby. The project is coordinated Steering Committee of su of each of the participating Title 1 Serves Over 329,000 Project Director Joe Kirby, formerly director of Barrow County Schools. White County, near the center of with George C. Nelms, Ninth director of district services for the partment of Education, as Title I projects in Georgia served 329,136 children in fiscal 1967, according to a report 'Jf the State Title I Coordinator, R. C. Beemon. the district, will serve as administering unit. Other participating school systems are Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, Cherokee, Union, Lumpkin, Dawson, For- and ex-officio member. Working '-R"'"''JII with the project is Robert Shigley, ordinator of Title III for the '-'""....-... ment of Education. The state had 241 projects in 185 syth, Gwinnett, Towns, Hall, Barrow, S.E. Fair to Open school systems, costing $33,731,011. Rabun, Habersham, Banks, Jackson, Most frequently offered service was Stephens, Franklin, Madison, Hart, that of instruction in Remedial Read- Elbert, Gainesville, Buford, Tallulah ing, which was included in 195 projects. Other popular projects were the hiring of teacher aides and other subprofessional help, food services, transportation services, physical education Falls, Commerce, Jefferson, Winder and Toccoa. The Ninth District Educational Services Center, which was to be fully and recreation. staffed and operational by this month, The projects were financed by the has been in the planning stages for September 28 The Southeastern Fair, Sept. 28 - Oct. 7, will admit any gia school student free up to 6 any day. A number of school are planning exihibits at the fair's cation building, including Cobb ty, Clayton County, Fulton Elementary and Secondary Education two years. The Center will attempt to Gwinnett County, Decatur City, Act of 1965. meet the needs of the area's school age etta City and several parochial Page 4 Superintendent Has Weekly ETV Show .Supe.lrlinptuent d"eEndtucoaftiOScnhom olFs,ocJuasc"k P. for Ntx, state wetducators weeklY on an ewdhuecnatihoenaal pptee1aervsl.S.lbo!'n- program by that name. . . The Superintendent wtll discuss c~r- orenntth.tessuneeswanpdrogprraombl,ema sprinode~dcut.cwanttoonf the Georgia ETV network. First pro- gram was aired Sept. 11, and repeated Sept. 13 and Sept. 18. It is scheduled each Monday at 12:30 p .m., each Wednesday at 9:30 a.m. and each Thursday at 7:45p.m. throughout the school year. Alternating with Mr. Nix's appearance every other week will be a tenminute documentary .program on current education topics. HEADLINERS Sherrill McMillen has been appointed acting director. of the Divi~ion of Vocational - Techmcal EducatiOn, U. S. Office of Education. Superintendent of Schools Dr. Jack P. Nix has been named advisor on educational affairs and nominated to the board of directors of Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company. William 0. Riley, vice president for industrial relations, Atlantic Steel Company, has been appointed 1967-68 chairman of the State STAR (Student Teacher Achievement Recognition) program. Dr. J. A. Williams, dean of the University of Georgia School of Education , has been elected chairman of the Regional Council of the Southeastern Educational Laboratory. Dr. H. Titus Singletary, Associate State Superintendent of Schools, was elected to the Board of Directors of SEL. Dr. 0. C. Aderhold, who just retired after 17 years as president of the University of Georgia, has joined the Southern Regional Education Board as director Georgia First in S.E. In Food Distribution The State of Georgia, through the Department of Education, distributes 76.6 million pounds of federal surplus food commodities annually, ranking it first in the Southeast in terms of pounds of food distributed. According to Superintendent of Schools Jack P . Nix, 46 .2 percent of thi s food goes to local school systems for the School Lunch Program, 5.3 percent to State Hospitals and Youth Development Centers, and 48.5 percent to needy families. The U.S. Department of Agriculture contracts with the Education Department to handle the entire food distribution program. In fiscal 1967 these commodities had a wholesale carlot value of more than $18 million . The program is directed by H. D. Hatchett of the Department of Education. of a five-year project in the agricultural sciences. The project is aimed at developing regional cooperation in agricultural education. Inform ation on the STAR student program will be in th e hands of I o c a I superintendents soon, officials say. At left Dr. Jack P. Nix, State Superintendent of Schools, center, receives advance publicity from Loring Blackstone, left, Rich's manager of m erchandising information and STAR publicity chairman, and Ovid Da vis, STAR vice chairman and public relations manager for th e Coca-Cola Company. Dr. A. P. Jarrell Dr. Jarrell Dies Dr. A. P. Jarrell, Assistant State Superintendent of Schools and director of the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation Services, died Aug. 1. Dr. Jarrell had been director of Vocational Rehabilitation since 1955. He was appointed Assistant State Superintendent in 1964. After serving as principal of Central School in Taylor County and as superintendent of the Chattahoochee County public schools for ten years, Dr. Jarrell joined the state vocational rehabilitation department in 1940 as a counselor. As director of the department, he was instrumental in developing interagency cooperation and coordination of services. He also developed a medical advisory board for the Georgia program of physical restoration. Dr. Jarrell represented Georgia at the 1966 World Congress of the International Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled in Weisbaden, Germany. In 1954, he was elected president of the National Rehabilitation Association, which had presented him the President's Award in 1962. The A. P. Jarrell Pre-Vocational Training and Evaluation Center in Atlanta was named for Dr. Jarrell, and a similar facility to be opened in Macon will also commemorate him. Page 5 on Education First offenders at Buford's State Corrections Institute will benefit fro m an innovative vocational education program to be conducted by the Manpower Development and Training Unit of the Department of Education. A federal grant of $100,714 will finance the project, which will reach 200 inmates during the first year. They will receive vocational and academic instruction, including counseling and job placement. MDT is a joint state-federal program administered in Georgia by the Vocational Education Division of the Department. New York City is planning an intensive program of early education for disadvantaged children in 267 of its schools this year. Starting in kindergarten and going through the next two grades, the program calls for as many as two or three teachers in each classroom. For the first grade, the target is one teacher for each 15 children, and for the second grade a teacher for each 20 children. The new president of the board of education has asked for $25 million to finance the program, aimed at preventing defective reading and other deficiencies which show up in later school years. A two-year national study of vocational education in nine communities sums up its findings this way: "What the schools were doing, they were doing adequately. Their weaknesses reflect those things they should have been doing but they were not. Recommended changes included gearing vocational education to occupational clusters" which will provide opportunities for "vocational exploration" within the limits of vocational needs of the community served. Also: More Negroes in vocational programs, a system level director of vocational education, wider choice of vocational education for female students, vocational orientation in the grade school. A select group of junior high school students entered the eighth and ninth grades this fall with a rare experience behind them. During the summer they were students in a special enrichment program conducted by Emory University as part of its teacher training program. The students attended sessions in classrooms rented from the DeKalb County Board of Education. They were taught by master teachers, who selected topics which were important, challenging and stimulating to the students. The program offered teacher interns a chance to watch a master teacher at work, and also let them share some responsibility in instructing the class. Both students and benefitted, thinks program Dr. Ellis A. Hagstrom. dren. The Institute on School and Individual Differences of Peabody College for Teachers is ing scholarships for advanced leading to the Ph.D. degree in mentary education, English or HlC'"''c-. matics. Stipends of $3200 to are available to young men and mr~-- with good scholastic records bachelor's or master's degree in elementary education, mathematics, English or psychology. Additional information is available from Raymond C. Norris, Institute director, Peabody College, Nashville, Tennessee 37203 September and October were busiest months of the school 1966-67 for the Teacher Service of the Department of LNlu-.a- tion. Approximately 5500 Page 6 Georgia's busy School Superintendent Dr. Jack P. Nix included Waynesboro in his speaking tour of the state this month. At left, he chats with Jam e s Sneed, sixth grade teacher at Blakeney Elementary School, on the steps of a portable classroom. At right, Burke County Superintendent of Schools A. Holland Gnann, left, greets Dr. Nix, wh ile Gay Barclay, president of the Waynesboro R otary Club, looks on. ON BOARD. NO CHANGES, SAYS BOARD (continuedfrompagel) late Dr A p Jarrell for his services as Assistant State Superintendent of Schools in charge of the Office ~f Vocational Rehabilitation; authonzed a request to the State Budget Bureau for transfer of funds from the budget for rants to local systems to the budget for Services for Exceptional Children; approved a contract for electrical services at North Georgia Technical and Vocational School ; approved changes in distribution of GEA (Schools) funds for Thomas and Cherokee Counties; approved the Master Plan for Campus Development for South Georgia Technical and Vocational School; denied requests that Midville Elementary Schools, Echols County High and Elementary School, and Herctoma High and Elementary School be designated isolated schools; approved lease contracts for office space for the Department of Education; denied programs for allotment of capital outlay funds as proposed by Houston, Bryan and Macon County Boards of Education; approved rental of two educational television programs ; amended the state plan for participation in federal allotments under the Library Services and Construction Act, extending services under the law to prisons and special schools; approved revision of Dougherty County's budget with the GEA (Schools); requested the State Superintendent to recommend to the Board a plan for activating ETV channel 57; passed a resolution on responsibility of the architect for ETV production center, Atlanta; passed an agreement regarding application of funds in Series 1964 Bond Issue-ETV production center; approved teacher education programs at Mercer University and Val~osta State College; designated architects for construction projects at the Georgia Academy for the Blind and Georgia School for the Deaf. At a called meeting July 31, the State Board confirmed its earlier action denying requests for transfer of Ware County high school students to Clinch County schools. At its July 19 meeting, the Board overruled a decision of the Decatur City Board of Education expelling Calvin Youngblood; heard a report from Superintendent Nix that 23 football games are scheduled on Thursday nights in Georgia during 1967-68; heard a request frorn James E. Culpepper, Echols County school superintendent, that Echols schools be declared isolated in 1967-68; recommended a study be made of the Echols system in answer to the request; revised its policy governing capital outlay allotments for consolidation programs to allow presentation of separate plans of consolidation for elementary and high schools; approved a revision of the Guide for Planning and Construction of School Facilities in Georgia; authorized the State Superintendent to modify the organization of the Department of Education as pertains to the program for exceptional children, pupil personnel services and certain aspects of vocational rehabilitation; established a policy on allotment of special education teachers to local systems providing that no state funds can be allotted for the payment of teacher salaries in private proprietary day or residential schools and/ or treatment facilities; recommended that the Board adopt a new policy on isolated schools; rescinded its earlier action providing for an additional 1/ 2 hour pay preparation for each hour of instruction for teachers of adult basic education; designated the following as isolated schools: Dial Elementary in Fannio County ; St. George High in Charlton County; Fargo Elementary in Clinch County; Sapelo Island School, Mcintosh County; Woody Gap Elementary, Union County; Richmond Hill and G. W. Carver Elementary and High Schools in Bryan County; approved applications for attendance across county lines for certain eligible school systems; authorized the Superintendent to make payments of basic state allotments for materials for county and regional libraries in one payment to each library based on approved applications; conditionally approved Camden County proposal for transportation of high school students; passed resolutions accepting final plans and assigning the architect's contract for the Atlanta ETV production center; denied a request of the Walton County Board of Education to be relieved of its obligation to consolidate Loganville High School; approved a request of the Peach County Board of Education for an amendment to its lease agreement with the GEA (Schools) to permit construction of Ft. Valley Jr. High School; approved Dougherty County summer library program; approved consolidation of Whitman Street School with Toccoa Elementary and High School in Toccoa; amended the state plan for administration of Title II; approved consolidation of Ralph Bunche High School with Cherokee High School in Cherokee County; approved consolidation of all high school grades in Candler County at Candler County High School; approved a Shared Services Project in the Tenth District for Columbia, Lincoln, McDuffie, and Wilkes Counties; approved a Muscogee County request for construction of South Columbus Elementary School using unappropriated balances from Series 1964 and 1965 bond issue; reaffirmed its policy requiring complete applications for allotment of capital outlay funds be on file from local systems and approved by the finance committee and the Board before allotments are confirmed by the Board. *** Next Committee meetings: October 11. Next Board meeting: October 18. Page 7 ALERT REPORTS (continued from page 6) Georgia teachers, almost V3 of the year's total, 17,057. The Department issued 221 six-year cerificates and 47 doctoral certificates. The 1968 Study Conference of the Association for Childhood Education International will be held April 14-19 in San Diego, California. Theme will will be "Confrontation and Commitment." The NEA executive committee escalated its war against Florida Governor Claude Kirk last month when it voted to advise the nation's lead ing corporations, banks, industrial organizations and financial press that Florida was not a fit state for employees to educate their children. The NEA on June 5 advised teachers from other states that if they accepted employment in Florida they would be subject to charges of violation of the code of ethics of the educational profession. It also voted to censure Kirk and legislators who support his education program. The action was taken because the Florida legislature adjourned in the spring with what the teacher's group said was "no significant improvement in education because ex isting edueational services for ch ildren .were cut by $63 million to finance a totally inadequate teachers' pay raise." Georgia's teacher shortage remained critical throughout the 1966-67 school year. For th e nine-month school year, schools were unable to supply a validly certified teacher for an average 25 ,881 pupils daily. These children, in one school or school system, would make 1000 classrooms of pupils who did not face a certified teacher all year long. The number of unqualified teachers teaching in Georgia last year averaged 873 per day. There is no such thing as a qualified high school student with no college to go to, despite rumors to the contrary. G. James Hechtman, director of the Student Admissions Center in New York, said in American School and University's July issue there are at least 300,000 vacancies in college freshman classes this year. The enrollment problem that exists is purely distribution. The supply is one place, the demand anuther. Vacancies are eight times as plentiful in the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes area, South and far West as they are in New England. In addition, costs are lower in most cases. Georgia high school graduates are eligible to compete for 1700 NROTC scholarships to 52 colleges and universities throughout the nation for 1967-68. Young men selected Will ce ive training and education for reers as commissioned officers in U. S. Navy and Marine Corps. tiona! information is available local school superintendents and selors. It looks for vocational education and power Development and Training be about $669 million. Both the and the Senate have approved amount, but differences must be justed in the two versions of Appropriations Bill for ~~~~. -..,.., Education and Welfare. nation as a whole . In Georgia, unemployment rate in the area has fallen from 7.7% to since 1962. The GEA Departments of Education and Secondary Principals will sponsor College at high schools over the state Sept. Dec. 7. The programs offer representatives and seniors a discuss college interests. Acqu1st1t1ons D1v. University of Ga. Librari es Universi ty of Georgia Athens, Ga. 30601 ...A Look at uca~(s1Ro19l6e1 To 2, No. 2 On Board Twelve-Months School Approved The Georgia Board of Education endorsed the twelve-months school plan at its October session. Upon recommendation of the Finance Committee, the Board authorized the Department of Education to cooperate with school systems of the State in developing plans for initiating pilot programs in systems which are ready to undertake them. The Department of Education's 1969 budget request contains $2 million to be used for developing the twelve months school plan in the state. The Board also adopted new policies and procedures for the adoption of textbooks. *** In other action the Board: Relinquished its construction permit for ETV Channel 23 in the vicinity of Ashburn because of high power and performance of existing stations in the area; authorized a cooperative project between the Georgia Network and the Center for School and College Television, Indiana University Foundation, to produce a new science series for nationwide distribution, the cost to be defrayed by the Foundation in the amount of $44,000; approved a transfer of funds in the Bibb County GEA (Schools) budget; approved FY 1968 budgets for Henry, Wayne, Polk, Habersham and Wilkinson counties; ap~ proved rebudgeting of funds in the GEA (Schools) budget of Chatham County ; approved payments to local systems for transportation of handicapped children; approved a change in H enry County's GEA (Schools) budget; approved the Georgia Textbook Listing for vocational areas, substitu- (Continued on Page 5) Education Budget Asks "A Bid for the Best" Georgia's Bid for the Best in public school education has gained support of the State Board of Education and the Governor's Conference on Education. "Beyond the Minimum-a Bid for the Best" was topic for State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix's address at the Governor's Conference in September. Conferees publicly endorsed the program he presented, including an education budget of $376 million in state funds for 1969. The State Board of Education at its September meeting adopted the proposed budget for 1969, which asks an increase of approximately $50 million over the present operating budget. Superintendent Nix and members of the Department of Education staff are meeting with members of the Georgia General Assembly to explain the budget and the Minimum Foundation Law. "Response to these sessions has been enthusiastic," said Mr. Nix. "Several legislators have told me these were the most valuable days they had ever spent in Atlanta. Their conscientious interest and concern is the kind of support education must have if it is to move beyond the minimum in Georgia." Here is what the proposed FY 1969 budget will do to carry Georgia beyond the minimum in education: Provide an average salary of $6,477 for 39,279 teachers, including 1,103 new teachers and an average salary increase of $558. Provide for 5,218 teachers (other certificated professional personnel) at an average salary of $7,902, including an increase of 128 teachers and an average salary increase of $558. Provide M & 0 at the rate of $1,050 for Sections 11 and 20 teachers. The rate in effect for 1968 was $848.60 per teacher. Provide textbook funds at the rate of $4.76 per child for the 1,167,237 children enrolled during the 1968 school year, and provide $18.60 for textbooks for increased enrollment of 25,106 children. This amount also includes 3% to cover increased cost of textbooks. Provide consumable instructional materials at the rate of $3 per child for the 1,182,064 children expected to be enrolled during school year 1969. Provide funds in the amount of $1.22 per child for the (Continued on Page 4) INSIDE T EDUCATION with State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - Education in the United States today is beset at every turn by forces that would deter the profession from its basic purpose: to provide the best possible education for children. There are those who try to separate parents from the schools by attacking the PTA. In some states the union is active, trying to separate teachers from administrators by saying we have more differences than common interests. These forces which would divide us are the biggest threat to education in this country today. We educators have a responsibility for leadership. We are not trying to win a popularity contest. It is up to us to use our knowledge and our intellectual ability as leaders in this business of education. To achieve our purpose will require the strength of the entire profession. Teachers, administrators, school board members-all are essential. No element in the profession should go its way alone. The education profession, in turn, must have the backing of the community if its members are to do an effective job of teaching young citizens of Georgia. When the Georgia General Assembly last year recognized teaching as a profession, the State took a giant step toward strengthening the position of the teacher in Georgia. Now it is time for another stride forward. The teaching profession, if it is to achieve the dignity which a true profession deserves, must have a strong teacher tenure law. The Legislature will consider such a law in the upcoming session. I firmly believe a teacher tenure law, implemented in such a way as to protect the interests of teachers, school administrators, board members, and CHILDREN, will greatly advance the cause of public education in Georgia. Without professional security, teachers cannot give of their best. If Georgia will not be loyal to its teachers, how can the State ask loyalty of them? Page 2 I am in favor of a tenure law and I fully port its intent. But I believe that immediate plementation would not be in the best i of all concerned. So that local boards of tion will have sufficient time to assess and their personnel policies and practices, I the effective date of such a law should be ferred to the first day of September the third following its passage, with the proba.........._ period beginning in September following po.,Cl If implementation of a tenure law is r1"'t-"'....J for three years, local superintendents and of education would be relieved of the ......,........_ necessity to blanket under the law's all staff members with three years' expe Instead, through an orderly process of tion, provision can be made for the good reacne who should be given tenure status. At the time, steps can be taken to make it possible teachers who do not merit tenure status to positions without the embarrassment of denied such status on a "sudden death" Such a plan would have no real effect on teacher who is already doing a professional who deserves the benefits a tenure law give. Richmond County and Atlanta City systems, for example, already have Tenure Laws at the local level. These laws well in these two systems, where almost vu...-.,,~ of the State's teachers are employed. The implementation would have no effect on group. For the remainder of the State's systems, a probationary period would give for self-assessment, for evaluation of teachers rently employed, and for generally upgrading level of teaching and thus the level of ed in Georgia. After all, that is what we are seeking, is it The world today, in its uncertainty, looks to cation as the key to the door of hope for kind. As a teacher you have the power to that key. What you do will make the d' Deputy Superintendent, Assistants Are Named Or. moted AtollenDecp.utSym. ~ituhph~ans~~bned;enntpro~-f Schools, a new position m Se . ;par ment of Education. Dr.. m~t ~as formerly Assistant Supendnte? .ent .or the Office of School A mmistratJve Services. . Oscar H. Joiner, formerly Director ~fffiFcienaonfciaSlchSoeorlvicAeds,minnoiwstrah:eivaeds the Ser- vices as Assistant State Supenntendent of Schools. John S. Prickett, Jr., has been ~famSecdhoAolsssifsotranVt oSctaatteionSaulpeRreinhtaebnidlietan-t tion Services. He succeeds the late Dr. A. P. Jarrell. State Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix made the three appointments, which have been confirmed by the State Board of Education. As Deputy Superintendent, Dr. Smith will serve as administrative assistant to the State Superintendent and as acting Superintndent in Mr. Nix's absence. Dr. Smith will give general direction, through the Division Director, to the program of Research and Statistical Services. He will serve as liaison between the State Department of Education and the Department of Law and will be secretary to the Appeals Committee of the State Board of Education. As Assistant Superintendent for School Administrative Services, Mr. Joiner's duties will be to coordinate the activities of the divisions of Financial Services, Administrative Leadership, Administrative Services, Title II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and State-Federal Relations. He will serve the State Board of Education. as secretary to the Finance Committee. Mr. Prickett was formerly Director of the Division of General Services for Vocational Rehabilitation, and since Dr. J~rell's death has been serving as coordmator of the four divisions of Vocational Rehabilitation. As Assistant State Superintendent for Voc~tional Rehabilitation Mr. Prickett will direct activities of the Office's four divisions Ge~e.ral Services, Special Services, Re~ habiiitati~n Facilities and Workshops and Special Disabilities. Joe N. Edwards, formerly coordi- Dr. Allen C. Smith Oscar H. Joiner nator for Title II, Elementary and Secondary Education Act for the Georgia Department of Education, is new Director of the Division of Financial Services. John Prickett, Jr. Joe N. Edwards E. A. Crudup has been named coordinator of Title II, ESEA, succeeding Mr. Edwards. Paul Goethe is new coordinator of Teacher Recruitment and Special Programs. LUNCH LINES: Georgia Ranks Third USDA's most recent figures rank Georgia third in the nation in percentage of children eating school lunches. Georgia's goal is 100% participation, according to Miss Josephine Martin, Chief, School Food Service Section. "Problems created by HEW cutoffs, implementation of the Minimum Wage Law, and rising food costs could be deterrents to reaching our goal," she said, "but with careful planning of budgets, involvement of parents, pupils and teachers, concerted efforts to improve food quality and quantity, and wise use of donated funds, we will continue to have an increased number of children eating." The State's average for 1966-67 was 73% of the average daily attendance. Miss Martin urged that every system set a goal for this year. *** Use of donated foods can greatly affect cost. Some schools in Georgia use up to 14 cents worth of donated foods per meal; others use as little as two cents worth per meal. Menu planning, purchasing and food preparation make the difference. Training-inDepth courses offer instruction in effective use of donated foods. The Department of Education is paying reimbursement claims prior to reviewing school claims to assure faster payments. Claims are paid on the basis of the GA-7a. Each system is to keep a record of amounts claimed, by school, (GA-7) for lunch and milk in order to determine distribution of funds. The system superintendent's office is to develop a procedure for handling adjustments to claims. After individual school claims are received, adjustments will be made to subsequent payments. *** Richard Rombaugh, Jr., school lunch accountant, will review recordkeeping procedures November 27, 29 and 30 at 7:30 a.m. and November 30 at 4 p.m. on the state ETV network. *** The annual conference of City and County School Lunch Supervisors will be held at the Georgia Center for Continuing Education November 15-17. Purchasing, participation and nutrition education will be discussion topics. November plentiful foods are pork, potatoes and broiler-fryers. Page 3 Vocational, Academic Graduates Compared Vocational graduates required an average of seven weeks to get their first full-time jobs after graduation, reports a recent nationwide survey of high school graduates from vocational programs. The average work-bound academic graduate required twice as long, the survey found. Others findings of the study conducted by Educational Systems Research Institute, Inc., under a Ford Foundation grant, showed: Fifty percent of vocational graduates got their first job within two weeks after graduation; Vocational graduates, after two, six and eleven years out of high school, report substantially less unemployment than academic graduates who did not go to college; Vocational graduates have greater accumulated earnings over the elevenyear period covered by the survey than do academic graduates who did not go to college; Vocational graduates report significantly greater personal job satisfaction OPINIONS of the Attorney General "That the Board of Education would be the proper entity to levy the taxes necessary to retire the bonded indebtedness of the two former systems is clear from the language of the constitutional amendment itself. At page 1099 of Ga. Laws 1966, it is stated: " 'On the date provided for herein for the new district to come into existence, all property and facilities and all assets, debts and obligations includ- than do academic graduates from the same schools; A comparison of vocational and academic graduates without a college education reveals no significant difference in range of conversational interests, variety of leisure time activities, and degree of participation in community organizations. Of the vocational graduates who entered the trades for which they were trained, 50 percent reported they were "exceptionally well prepared" to enter the trade. Only 3.7% claimed they were poorly prepared. ing the bonded indebtedness incu for the benefit of the two systems merged by the City of Cedartown the old Polk County School Sys shall become the property, faciliti assets, debts and obligations of Polk School District.' "In levying such taxes the prope upon which the tax for each of outstanding bond issues was origin placed remains unchanged. Where o school system having a bonded debtedness is merged with ano school system, taxes levied for the p pose of paying off the bonded inde edness may be levied only on prope located within the territorial limits the school system issuing such bon as such territorial limits existed at time the bonds and issued." Bootstrap Slated Revised schedule for Operati Bootstrap lists meeting~ for Janua 3-4, March 5-6 and May 1-2, 196 Budget Bids for the Best (continued from page 6) 1,182,064 children enrolled during 1969. (School library books and non-consumable materials.) Provide salaries and M & 0 for 12 teachers in isolated schools. Provide for salaries of school bus drivers, operation of school buses, replacement of school buses and the purchase of approximately 20 new buses. This includes funds to cover the cost of transporting 12,000 additional children, making a total of approximately 540,000 pupils to be transported during school year 1969. Provide travel for vocational teachers, curriculum directors and visiting teachers at the rate of eight cents per mile. Funds will cover travel for approximately 1,400 teachers. Provide saiaries and M & 0 for 150 teachers and salaries for 25 other certificated professional personnel (mid-term adjustment). Provide for a driver education program for two months during the summer in 510 high schools. Computation is based on 510 teachers for two months at an average salary of $600 per month. Provide funds for initiating a kindergarten program in the public schools. Provide funds for initiating an extended school ye program for 12 months' operation of schools. Provide an average salary of $11,185.60 for 190 lo school superintendents. Provide an average salary of $8,186.95 for teache teaching year-round at Alto Industrial Institute. Provide M & 0 and sick leave for 20 teachers at rate of $1,050 at Alto Industrial Institute. Provide two cents per meal for school lunch oper tions based on an estimate of 143,820,800 lunches to served during the school year 1969. Provide increases for area v-t school program and hi school program in vocational education. Provide for initiating a program for the gifted in ea Congressional District of the State. At present, the Go ernor's Honors Program is the only advanced progr available for gifted students. The above is only a partial summary of the progr included in the 1969 Bid for the Best budget. Major bu get items are $209 million for teachers' salaries; $3 million for salaries of other certificated professional p sonnel; $34 million for M & 0 and sick leave paymen and $14.5 million for pupil transportation. 0 N BOARD (Continued from Page 1) tJ.OnS at the same list pric.e, and com- plet.wn of identifiable senes for other subJ.ect matter cent funding, arreegaasr'dalepspsroovfedt~1e00typpeer schoo1' for short-term clas.ses . m area vocational high schoo.ls; . ddt.sm.isse, d on the grounds of "no JUns IChon ap- peals of teachers in Chatham and New- ton counties who had not had contracts newed this year by local boards of ereducation ; upheld, by a 5-5 dectswn, an action of the Carroll County Board of Education discontinuing transporta- tion of elementary school children to Carroll Central School from outside the school's attendance area; approved a site for Ware County High School; passed resolutions in appreciation of the services of Dr. H. S. Shearouse and Joe T. DeFoor, who retired as Director of the Division of Adminis- trative Leadership and the Division of Administrative Services, respectively, July 1; heard Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix report on the status of Standards application; heard Comptroller James L. Bentley explain tire regulations for construction of windowless buildings in respect to a new code which is to be adopted to replace the 1948 code. *** At its September meeting the Board: Designated Superintendent Nix as Trust Fund trustee for the Academy for the Blind; approved Oconee County School System's budget for FY 1968; withheld approval of a deficit elimination plan proposed by Henry County Board of Education; approved the new State Advisory Committee on Pupil Transportation; approved an amendment to GEA (Schools) budget for Wilcox County; approved library construction grants for $200,000 for Walker County Library, LaFayette, $42,000 for Commerce Public Library, and $2,605 for Carnegie Branch Library, Albany; approved activation of Rehabilitation Residences at Macon and Savannah ; approved construction of Moultrie City System's new consolidated elementary school on the site of Central Elementary and Central Pri- mary Schools; denied a request of Decatur County Board of Education for continued special teacher allotment for its VOT program; authorized execution of an agreement for operating Ben Hill-Irwin Area Vocational-Technical School; authorized a program of occupational training for young first offenders at Georgia Training and Development Center, Buford, to be conducted cooperatively with the Georgia State Board of Corrections; approved the second quarter budget, FY 1968, recommended by the Department of Education; adopted a new state plan for education of the mentally retarded; adopted a new policy giving the Division for Exceptional Children responsibility for administering educational programs for handicapped and gifted children and youth; referred to the Section 12 committee a question pertaining to approval of a local director for exceptional children as an allowable position under Section 12; adopted a new policy on suspension and/ or expulsion of students requiring each system board of education to adopt policies defining procedures to be followed, to apply them uniformly to all students, to provide opportunity for appropriate hearings if they are desired, and to apprise persons involved of the appeal procedures open to them; approved two new members of the Professional Library Committee; adopted a recommendation of the Instruction Committee rescinding any previous policy which prevents State Film Libraries from distributing films on sex education to schools; approved annual appointment of a new textbook committee composed predominantly of people from subject areas in which adoptions are to be made; authorized securing a quit claim deed from the federal government for the site of the new boys' dormitory at South Georgia Technical and Vocational School; approved a resolution awarding a bid to Conner's, Inc., for construction of the new Educational Television Production Center; reversed by unanimous vote a decision of the DeKalb County Superintendent of Schools Jack P. Nix, right, accepts th e Chris statuette award from J. Hunter Todd III of th e Georgia ETV Network. ETV Film Wins Four Top Awards One of the nation's most honored documentary motion pictures this year was filmed by the Georgia Department of Education Television Services. Within the past month "Ode To An Uncertain Tomorrow" has won four honors, accor<:Jing to Lee E. Franks, Executive Director of TV Services. J. Hunter Todd, III, Department Film Director, was in New York City to accept two awards for the film, the New York International Film Festival First in Category A ward and the Second in All Categories Award. Earlier, Todd accepted on behalf of Dr. Jack P. Nix, State Superintendent of Schools, the Chris statuette for the film, awarded for first place in a field of 2,000 entries in the Columbus International Film Festival. Earlier in the month "Ode" won the New York Industrial Film Festival Silver Medal Award (second place) . The film, which surveys current problems of public school teacher recruitment, is available by written request from the Georgia ETV Network, State Office Building, Atlanta, Georgia 30334. Board of Education refusing to renew the contract of Albert Marion Thompson as principal of the Kittredge School; withheld action on a Camden County request for Board approval of a consolidation plan for Camden County. Page 5 By Anne S. Raymond A 15-year-old is on a hunting trip with his father. The boy's shotgun accidentally goes off-and he is totally blinded. What happens to him? He is a high school freshman, with big plans for college and career. Does he have to drop out of school? No, fortunately ... What about a child who is blind from birth? Can he learn in a classroom where the teaching is oriented to the sighted child? Where his peers seem to have an overwhelming advantage? Is there really a place in the Georgia school system for every child? Even a blind one? Yes, according to Mrs. Pat Carpenter, Department of Education consultant in education for the visually impaired. A blind child can be educated in public school. Not only does he function and learn in the sight-oriented classroom, he does it very well. Sometimes even better than the classmates some might think more fortunate . "After all," says Mrs. Carpenter, "a blind or visually impaired child must function in the sighted world, and the sooner he learns to do so, the better off he will be." Page 6 Georgia is teaching 343 visuallyimpaired children in regular classrooms in the State. Two-thirds of them are partially-sighted; the rest are blind. Two Plans The State has two plans for educating the visually impaired in public schools. Thirty-five professionally-prepared teachers provide services in nine of the most populous areas of the State: Gainesville and Atlanta, Clayton, Cobb, Richmond, Muscogee, Glynn, Chatham and DeKalb counties. In addition, 123 partially-sighted pupils in other school systems are receiving special books, materials and consultative services from the state level to help them progress in the normal classroom situation. Besides public school classes, the State also maintains a residential school for the visually impaired, Georgia Academy for the Blind in Macon. The school offers academic instruction, braille and, this year for the first time, mobility training. Ft. Valley Student What does happen to a student who is suddenly blinded? Take the case of a Ft. Valley high school student, who lost his sight in a gunshot accident last year. Soon after the accident Mrs. Carpenter and Lee Jones, Superintendent of the Academy of the Blind, dis- cussed with teachers, parents, system superintendent and possibilities open to them to the boy's education. The parents elected to keep son in his regular classes at Ft. High School. He came to A or three afternoons per week the school year to learn braille mobility training. The braille reading and him skills he needed to function regular classroom. He was able notes on the teacher's lecture to read them to himself for study. He also learned touch on the standard typewriter so he communicate with the teacher others in the sighted world. "In a situation like this one, ing a suddenly blinded person ready has communications skills, possible to adapt materials. His takes on extra duties, of she records material that is not able in braille and prepares tains other materials such as line drawings for mathematics and models for biology. "A blind student in this way usually to keep up with his In some instances, the comes an even better student was before. The life of the . mary pursuit," explained has pn carpenter. . Sixth in Nataon tor,u.-.t.h...~e.rgVa..IaSUah1a1Ysra1onmpkpesarsiaritexedtdh its program for 10 years. m the nation -..state 1 .... nowber of such chi.ldren . m . the num . 11 Ill . school programs. NatJOna y, pu~c of- blind children are educated ~ blic school r.rograms, and Geor- dl psupercentage parallels this figure. gt8Still there are many-no one knows the do exact number-who n.eed help not get it. To identify them but a11 , ecvoenrdyucsct baonon!usayl svteismuailnscthreeeSmt.antges,shavoaui'l1d- able through the health. departments osofmeveersyysctoemunstytaikneGaeodrvgainat.agAet present of th'IS service, but others conduct no screen- ings at all, or infrequent ones. . Experts estimate that about two m every 1,000 children have some degree of visual loss, and about 50 % of these need special help beyond corrective glasses. Among Georgia's school-age population of 1,181 ,000, then, there are probably about 700 children who need help but are not receiving it. The immediate job to be done is to encourage local systems, through an- nual screenings, to identify children who need help. The State's program for the visually impaired, a service of the Division for Exceptional Children, Office of Instructional Services, is working in this direction. To serve the children after they are found , the De- partment's goal is a multi-system pro- gram to reach children in small school ystems. "Our concern right now," says Dr. Mamie Jo Jones, head of the Division, "is not the child who already has a teacher. There are many children in small school systems who need more help than they are getting. We would like to supply a resource teacher for these pupils on a multi-system basis w. h'ICh ~ould mean crossing county' lines With services for this special group. "S~ch ~st a a service would involve more teacher," she continued. "A tt.etyriam.lsvsfoullvepmroegnrtamt.0 demands provide comrnunnew rna- ' extra-curncular activities vol- ' unteer services for transcribing materials, and many other needs." *** The young man in Ft. Valley is completing his high school education with the help of his teacher and the state level consultant. In a larger school system he would have the benefit of a resource or an itinerant teacher who is specially trained to teach the blind. Georgia has 35 such teachers. The resource teacher in a large school system has a specially-equipped room with braille materials, typewriters, three-dimensional maps, models, etc. She works with visually impaired children in the school on a regular schedule, having individual children come to her for special instruction and assistance. She also works with the children's other teachers and usually has a variety of cases, each with particular needs and skills. The itinerant teacher has a case load of children in several different schools, with whom she sets up a schedule on a weekly basis. She carries her equipment with her. The State consultant, as in the case of the Ft. Valley boy, works with teachers and students in a system where there is neither an itinerant nor a resource teacher. The State Department of Education pays the salaries of the consultant and the 35 teachers currently allotted to local systems. Primary source of funds for books and materials is a per child allotment from Congress to the American Printing House for the Blind. The Division for E xceptional Children purch ases materials on this quota account. In addition, the Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, operated by the Department of Education, circulates braille and large-type textbooks to Georgia students in the public school program. After a vi sually impaired student graduates from public school he is not forgotten. The Department of Education's Office of Vocational Rehabilita,tion Services offers help to him when he reaches 16 or graduates. Attitude Important Visually impaired children need a great deal of encouragement and con. sideration, and so do their parents. The teacher of the visually impaired is more than that; she is a counselor and psychologist also. The blind child must be encouraged to be as independent as possible; overprotection can be more a handicap than the disability. "Attitude is so important," the state consultant emphasized. "Both the parents and the child must adapt to the disability if any progress is to be made." She gives as an example the son of an Army officer at Ft. Gordon. The boy, a high school senior, was involved in an explosion which destroyed two of his fingers and embedded fragments of glass in his eyes. He was faced with a long period of uncertainty as to whether he would lose his sight. His first concern, and his parents', was that he finish high school on time. But he did not know braille, and he also faced a series of operations on his eyes. (continued on page 9) D onna Grogan , left, blind third grade student at Highland Elementary School, gets help with braille reading from Mrs. Mary White, itinerant teacher of th e visually impaired who serves Highland and two oth er Atlanta City System Schools. Page 7 on Education There is a lag of 30 years between innovation and widespread adoption of the innovation, testified Associate U.S. Commissioner of Education for Research, R. Louis Bright, before the Subcommittee on Economic Progress of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress. According to Bright, it takes about 15 years before the first 3% of school districts make any change. West Rome High School is experimenting for the first time this year in two areas: flexible scheduling and team teaching. In the scheduling experiment, all English classes on one grade level will meet during the same period, challenging each teacher in the English Department to teach a class at the ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade levels. Teachers will meet two periods each day for planning, and all students of each grade will meet at least one day a week for lectures or films. About three of every 10 children aged 3 to 5 in the United States were jn nursery schools and kindergartens last October, a U. S. Office of Education survey shows. Two years ago, it was about one in four. Another USOE report on the high school dropout rate showed that onefourth of the nation's young people fail to graduate from the 12th grade. Almost 2.7 million students were graduated from high school this year. The Teacher Corps, extended by Congress at the last minute for three years, received $18.1 million in the Senate Appropriations Bill, though $33 million had been authorized under the Education Professions Act. The House did not include any funds because it acted on appropriations before the Corps was extended. This means that the Corps can accept 1,050 teachers for in-service training this fall, 1,050 less than anticipated. Georgia ETV is offering kindergarten each weekday afternoon at 5:30 p.m. Mrs. Joyce Marron is teacher of the half-hour telecasts. Twenty states report a more severe shortage of qualified public school teachers this fall than last, while only Page 8 seven say it seems to be less severe in their states, according to a late summer survey by the National Education Association. The remaining 19 of 46 states providing data to the NEA Research Division see their teacher supply problems as remaining about the same as last year. Total shortage throughout the nation is slightly higher than a year ago, despite a record number of teacher education graduates in 1967. The Sixth Annual Senate Youth Program trip to Washington and the U . S. Senate has been scheduled for January 20-27, 1968. Local school systems in the State have been notified of procedures and deadline for nomination of candidates. From district nominees , two state nominees will be selected. The program is sponsored by the U. S. Senate and funded by the William Randolph Hearst Foundation for the purpose of helping students broaden their knowledge and under~ standing of Congress and the legislative process. During its first year of recognizing the Doctoral Degree, the Georgia Department of Education issued 51 sevenyear certificates, mostly to supervisors and administrators in the State's public schools. Salary range for teachers with the Doctoral Degree is $7,525 to $8 ,846. Non-public schools in the nation lost out on many benefits of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act because of traditional lack of communication, reports Education U. S. A. 's Washington Monitor. A national evaluation of the impact of Title I reports that almost all non-public participants are from Catholic schools. A non-public school person assigned to advise the state education agency would help improve the situation, the report says. A new method of recruiting teachers met with surprising success in Philadelphia this year. The school system sent out as recruiters teams of young teachers, enthusiastic about Philadelphia's salaries and new departures in educational techniques employed in the classrooms. The teams visited 120 colleges in 12 states spring and wound up with 2,100 teachers from 34 states and As the new school year started system had no lack of ' teachers, and in traditional shortage only of secondary matics teachers. Everybody blames everybody especially the "general public," killing off educational innovation veals a Gallup Poll of groups ' ble for making decisions - ''"'~.;uc:.. administrators, school board ...-.~-- and parents. Everybody agreed educational change is imperative, each group said resistance to was greatest in other groups. Georgia was among the top states in the country which in 1 contributed the highest proportions school revenues. With 61.4%, ranked sixth in the nation. Nat11::ma states contributed an average of of the cost of operating the schools. Local owners of real and sonal property paid 53% and the eral government paid only 8%. HEADLINERS John S. Prickett, Jr., was elected National Director of the National habilitation Association at the convention in Cleveland, Ohio. Ray, from the Atlanta Medical was elected Director, National bilitation Counselor's Association. Roberts of Hahira was named Farmer for the Southern Region by Future Farmers of America.... gia Board of Education members attended the National Association State Boards of Education in New York City were: R. A. dircks, Metter, 1st District; David Atlanta, 5th District; Dr. James Peters, Manchester, 6th District; C. Kimsey, Jr., Cornelia, 9th .LJ>'~ Robert B. Wright, Jr., Moultrie, District. Mr. Rice was Southern Area Vice-President NASBE. Like Everyone Else With Help (continuedfrompage7) Every b0 dy pitched in blind classmate, - teachers, the student. TP. ahgresenobtfsIi.,lsluadbJ.setcutdmenattesrhiaalrethdeyh er recordwere both Ill . The father taped two books wtuh1d.cyhmgw.ere not . Th teacher mavamdela"oalespeoen~alreecfofrodr-t t.nogst.al.1oer lessons for the new1y-bl'md st udent. Th who result was that ein the meantime the young regam. ed man, some usefuI Vision' finished the .school yea. r lacking one unit. He obtamed that m summer school and started college on time in the fall. He became a better student, because his attention was fo- cused on his education. Needs Are Many Mrs. Anita Holloway, an itinerant teacher of the visually impaired in the Atlanta School System, has seen stu- dents through classes from the first grade into college. "In my observation," she said, "the greatest need is for counseling during the transition period from high school into college or other, higher levels of education. I think counseling and voca- tional guidance should begin as early as age 14, in the ninth grade, as it does in the EMR (Educable Mentally Retarded) program. Students need vo- cational help besides what they get from vocational rehabilitation. "Another problem we have encoun- tered in Atlanta is what should be done for the child who does not qual- ify for the program of special educa- tion, yet needs glasses and cannot get them. There are many in-between chil- dren in this category. They are discov- ered through the screening programs, but after we find them there is nothing we can do if they don't qualify for any program," said Mrs. Holloway. *** A student, James Kinsey, echoes what his teacher, Mrs. Holloway, says about vocational guidance. A sopho- more dean's list student at Morehouse College, he has been a public school S. tudent Ill the program for the visually Impaired sm ce he was in second grade. arsMhlrp. Kinsey, who has a tuition scholto Morehouse from the Educa-: Eddy Goodman of Atlanta, seventh grader at Highland Elementary Schoo l, explains the geography of South A merica, using a relief map designed especially for visua lly impaired students. tion Department's Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, wants to be a computer programmer. He is majoring in mathematics at Morehouse, plans to go to Purdue later. "More needs to be done to educate the public, especially employers, about the visually impaired and what they can do. Counselors will talk to you and try to find jobs, but the employer needs to be educated, too. I was hired for two jobs this summer, but when the employers found out I was visually impaired, they withdrew the jobs. I was sure I could do the work, but I Most visua lly impaired students in Georgia learn in the normal classroom situation. A hove, Wyndell Garrett of Roswell, center, uses the braille writer as her teacher, Mrs. Mary White, looks on. In front of Wyndell, bent over her work, is Susan Joyner of A 1pharetta. They are both fifth graders in the program for the visua lly impaired at Highland Elementary School. was never given a chance. By the time we graduate from high school, we have learned to compete academically and socially; we need a chance to show what we can do vocationally." Philosophy Right Dr. Arthur Lown , Coordinator of Services for the Visually Impaired in Atlanta City System, thinks the public school environment is one of the best ways to achieve what Mr. Kinsey describes: acceptance of the visually impaired person by the sighted. "I see this as one of our two greatest needs," he said . "First we must educate the visually impaired student to ;;tchieve those things education is supposed to give him: the ability to be self-supporting, to be an effective citizen, to live a full, rewarding life. Then we must prepare the sighted person to be accustomed to blindness and to feel comfortable around a blind person. The best way to bring this about, I believe, is by educating the visually impaired in the regular classroom. Children are more easily oriented to a blind person than adults are. When children who have been in classes with visually impaired youngsters grow up to be employers, they will be able to see a blind person's abilities and limitations without the prejudice we now encounter. I think our philosophy of concentration on the public school approach is right. There is a place for the residential school, of course, but in most cases the visually impaired child should be in a regular classroom." Georgia's program for the visually impaired, though it has grown tremendously in the past ten years, has yet a great deal of growing to do. Hundreds of children who need help are not being reached, others need more help than they are getting. More services are needed, especially in guidance and vocational education, and the public must be educated to the needs of this special group. Only the combined efforts of educators, students, the community and business will bring about the ideal situation in which the needs of everyone in this group are being met. \ Department Seeks Changes in Law The Georgi a Department of Educa- tion is supporting a legislative program for 1968 which seeks to: Reduce the pupil-teacher ratio in the first two grades ; Establish minimum standards for non-public schools; Permit an interchange of benefits and retirement between the Teachers Retirement System and Employees Re- tirement System; Allow training for industrial development on a short-term basis for a specific location in the State; Allow maintenance of special edu- cation programs at local levels; Change the manner in which the State Superintendent's salary is deter- mined. (Proposed change would give the State Board of Education responsibility for establishing the State Superintendent's salary within the framework of the salary schedule of the State Merit System. This would also make it possible to upgrade salaries within the Department.) Oldest One-Room School Is Sought A search is underway for the oldest one-room school building in Georgia. When it is found it will be moved to Stone Mountain Park to be used as part of an historical exhibit. Major General Harold R. Maddux, general manager of Stone Mountain Memorial Park, is cooperating with School Superintendent Dr. Jack P. Nix and School Board Chairman Dr. James S. Peters in efforts to locate a representative structure. Tax Information Sheet Available An information sheet from the Department of Revenue explaining tax collection and use of taxes in Georgia is available in the Department of Education Publications and Information Office. The information includes a breakdown of collections for fiscal 1967 and indicates sources of tax revenue collected for the State of Georgia. Page 10 INNOVATIVE TITLE III PROJ Title III ESEA funds finance innovative projects in Georgia school to supplement regular programs in areas of special needs. The following roundup of 1967 FY projects. Projects in Atlanta and Metter attempt to reach the potential dropout. Atlanta program begins at an early stage, in grades 3-8, to provide with information about occupations and encourage them to continue past high school or supplement an incomplete high school education vocational training. Through interviews teachers and counselors will ~...,.....,..... kinds of information and types of occupation in which children are mt.or..., Information will be presented to students through audio-visual and materials. Mrs. Helen Cook is project director. In Metter a project will make high school experience more meaningful potential dropouts and help low achievers with ability reach their Interesting activities and a variety of experiences will help the child better relate to school and community activities. Special acceptance and involvement will raise the student's self-concepts. Mrs. ginia Snell is project director with the Candler County Board of .cuc u~o,;:1rte1:::ou of our schools. It is evident, that Georgia's schools are ward rapidly. Most school anxious that their schools dard,' and they are making that direction. When next dards study is completed, I that our percentage of schools will have increased erably." Page 4 cH LINES: 45 Schools to Serve Breakfast to Students BsrcehaokofaIsStUwndilel rbtehesenrvewed in 45 GeorPilot Break- ,t..s.l am progr funded by the Child Nu- cridOO Act of 1966. ApproX1mately 10,000 youngsters trill receive breakfast through the new ~am and existing breakfast pro.,.-., being operated as part of Title I p~roJtec s. Breakfast is available to all cbildren in approved schools . 'Ibe breakfast menu provides Y4 to u~. 0f the daily nutritional needs of the . cbild. Funds are available to assist with food purchases; labor costs are paid from local funds. Section 32-416 Psychology Study Open to Teachers 'Jbe University of Georgia anaounces 25 Experienced Teacher Fellowships in School Psychology for the 1968-69 school year. Participants will attend the special school psychology program for four quarters beginning in September 1968. Successful completion will lead to the sixth-year certificate in school psychology. Applications are to be submitted to Dr. Herman Sorkey, Director, Experi- enced Teacher Program in School Psychology, 105 Baldwin Hall, Unilersity of Georgia, Athens 30601. The feUowships are open to Georgia residents only. The Georgia Department of Education's School Psychologist Services Unit has just completed a statewide lUrVey of prospective need for school psychologists in the State. _Of 196 school systems, 78% re- plied, Ony six of these are now em- ploying full-time psychological services staff. More than 100 systems indicated they would like to employ such a per- IOD. They projected their needs at 106 PIYchological services staff in 1969 120.10 I970 and 137 in 1971. ' donated foods may be used in the breakfast program; Section 6 foods may not be used. Financial reports are coordinated with school food service. accounting; claims for reimbursement are separate. *** Georgia was third in the nation in school lunch participation in 1966-67, according to the NEA "Rankings of the States, 1968." *** Plentiful foods. for March are fresh eggs, pork, peanut buttter, dry split peas and potatoes. *** Although the Georgia Supreme Court has ruled out the use of State tax funds for school lunch purposes, county and independent systems may help financially with school lunch operations. Georgia Laws 1962, pg. 628 (Act No. 899) makes it legal and permissive for local school administrators in independent school systems to expend tax money for certain school lunch purposes, including purchases of food. In 1960 a constitutional amendment was . ratified which added the following language to Article VII, Section IV, Paragraph 1 (Code 2-5701), to wit "(17) for school lunch purposes." Funds for school lunch are not a part of the levy "for educational purposes." Therefore, where a county wishes to use county funds for school lunch the Board of Education should make the request to the Commissioners. Unless local law prohibits, funds from General Revenue could be designated for school lunch purposes. OPINIONS of the Attorney General "In answer to your first question [i.e., whether transfers of real property from local boards of education to the Georgia Education Authority (Schools) are subject to the State documentary tax (Ga. Laws 1967, p. 788)] it is necessary to determine the nature of the instrumentalities involved, since there is no question but that the Act applies to conveyances between private parties. Here we havf:! a political subdivision as the transferor. [Towns v. Suttles, 208 Ga. 838 (1952)]. The transfer tax is imposed primarily on the transferor and secondarily on the transferee. "The general rule regarding taxation of political subdivisions is 'that public property of the State and its political subdivisions is not subject to ta;'(ation under general constitutional and statutory provisions providing that all property is taxable ... (and) public property is always presumed to be ex- erupt from the operation of general tax laws, because it is reasonable to suppose that it wa& not within the intent of the legislature to make public property subject to them .. .' Sloan v. Polk County, 70 Ga. App. 707 (1944). See also Wright v. Fulton County, 169 Ga. 354 (1929). "The transfer tax involved here is a general statute imposing a tax on 'each deed, instrument, or other writing by which land . . . sold shall be . . . conveyed.' (Ga. Laws 1967, p. 788, 1) and the Act does not specifically impose the tax on transactions in which a political subdivision is a party. Accordingly where a political subdivision is a party, it is not subject to the transfer tax. Wright v. Fulton County, supra, at p. 357. Thus, the transferor is not subject to the tax on the transaction enumerated by you," i.e., transfers of real property from local boards of education to the Georgia Education Authority (Schools). Page 5 Industrial Arts a Industrial Arts classes in woods, above, and electricity, below By Anne S. Raymond Steve is stream ?f the center of an congratulations admiring and best circle of wishes ofrin~dshi graduatiOn has almost made him forget the do bts been plaguing him. u Commencement will soon be over, and face the question he has been postponing What next? In drafting ... Page 6 In metals ... Commencement is no beginning for Steve; It is the end of high school and security, and maybe the beginning of a lifelong problem: Where do I go from here? He is artistically talented, yet he doesn't know whether he wants to be an architect or a commercial artist. Steve is one of many young people who are graduating from high schools today without the vaguest notion of what they want to do next. But his dilemma is not really necessary. Countless thousands of young people are finding the answers to their questions about careers through industrial arts classes in 350 Georgia high schools. To help Georgia students meet the challenges they will surely face when their school days are finished, to avoid the oft-repeated situations in which Steve finds himself, Georgia offers industrial arts to all students, beginning at the elementary school level. {. Georgia, like every other state in the nation, is rapidly changing from a predominantly rural, small-town pattern of population organization to an urban dominance. As of December 1966, according to a report in Rankings of the States, 1968, 56.1 percent of Georgia's population lives in urban areas. These changing patterns have implications beyond the obvious need for more urban housing and traffic lanes. People, if they are to keep pace with the technological changes which of necessity must accompany growth, must know where they are going and how to get there. The Steves in this world, high school graduates though they may be, cannot succeed without purpose and direction. General Course Technology, once considered a field ~or engineers and scientists, is now an ~nfluencing factor in all our lives. Stuents, to be liberally educated, must have opportunity to explore industry's many facets, to prepare themselves to adjust to today's changing society. The industrial arts curriculum is designed to fit into the pattern of general education, as does any similar, broad course in science or mathematics or home economics. Industrial arts in Georgia schools is not a course in how to build a bird house; it offers students an opportunity to learn about the theoretical and practical aspects of industry and technology. It serves as a stepping stone, an exploratory study of possible career areas. If Steve had chosen industrial arts as one of his early high school subjects, he would have studied the tools, materials, processes and products of six broad areas of industry: drafting, electricity- electronics, metals, woods, power and graphic arts. He would have known, after this early course in the seventh, eighth or ninth grade, that his artistic aptitude could lead to a career in drafting or maybe in photography. After an initial, exploratory industrial arts course, students may in the ninth or tenth grade choose pre-vocational or college preparatory studies in the industrial arts curriculum. The pre-vocational student continues to study the six industrial arts areas in courses which provide additional exploratory experience with added depth in specific instructional areas. For example, a pre-vocational ninth or tenth grader in studying metals will learn the properties of a variety of metals with a wide range of characteristics and uses. The study includes mining and refining operations as well as a variety of cutting, shaping, forming, fastening and treating processes. Learning activities include problems involving a number of these operations and may demonstrate an industri process or have a utilitarian value. Many of these projects are designed and constructed by the student. Each of the areas of study is planned to indicate to each student his own interests, abilities and limitations in the various fields. With his areas of interest defined, the pre-vocational student in the 11th and 12th grades chooses a specific area for additiona study and concentrates in that field. This does not mean that when he graduates from high school after havin studied drafting, that he will be able to get a job as a draftsman. Courses are designed, not as job training, but as orientation and guidance studies to lead a student in the right direction; to keep him from graduating from high school to face the dilemma confronting Steve. Additional training will be necessary, but students who have been through industrial arts classes know what they wao.t to do and how to achieve their goals. For the student who plans to enter college, industrial arts gears its curriculum in the ninth or tenth grade to a broad study of American industries. Eleventh and twelfth graders take engineering, drafting, descriptive geometry and an experimental course in research and development. Misnomer Industrial arts is often called by the misnomer "shop." But the program is much more than "shop" implies. It is a unique program which helps young people prepare for living in an industrial democracy and provides a foundation for specific occupational and educational opportunities. Industrial arts offers basic education to the future technician, engineer, scientist or other career seeker. It is not confined to the learning of a specific trade or skill, but rather educates young people-boys and girls-to become versatile and adaptable to the rapidly changing world. In Georgia, approximately 45,000 students are enrolled in industrial arts classes in 350 high schools. Some of them will go on to college; some will enter one of the State's 23 vocationaltechnical schools for additional training in an industrial arts field; others will attend different kinds of training facilities for: vocational instruction. But none of them will end up as Steve has: unsure, bewildered, lacking confidence and purpose as he faces the future. For students of industrial arts, commencement is a beginning. Page 71 State Funds for Education Total $372 Million Georgia education, though it is $25 million richer than before the General Assembly passed its 1968 appropriations bill, will see no new programs begun with State money this year. Total education appropriation for 1969 FY is $372,307,346, some $45 million more than the current year's funds. About $20 million of the new money will be used as teacher retirement funds. It is the first time these funds have been appropriated to the State Board of Education. Largest single item in the new budget is $202.6 million for teacher's salaries, which will be increased by an average $558 per teacher beginning Dec. 1. State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix said he was generally pleased with the results of the Assembly session. "The teacher pay raise is a major step forward," he said, "for when it is effective it will raise the average teacher salary in Georgia to almost $7,200, within $100 of the national average. We are very happy over this increase. I regret that the legislature could not allow us the funds to begin new programs in kindergarten, extended school year and for the gifted. But this year's action does not mean we will never have these programs in Georgia; we will continue to plan for them and to include them in our budget requests. For now, however, we must take the funds we have and provide the best possible educational system we can offer to the people of Georgia." The Department of Education had requested $3 million to begin a statewide, pilot kindegarten program. Other new programs which were to begin pending State funds , but which now must wait, include an extended school year program, a driver education program and programs for the gifted operated as projects in each Congressional district. (Editor's note: An article in February ALERT suggested that local school planners send in project applications for gifted programs to the Department of Education by April. Since no money was appropriated for these programs, no plans should be submitted.) Other major increases in the appropriations bill include a rise in Maintenance and Operations funds from $848 to $1,050. House Education Chairman Mac Barber said the increase would amply offset the the amount of money local systems will have to contribute for teacher raises. City and county systems will also benefit from a bill to provide that all lapsed funds appropriated by the Department of Education shall be taken in account in determining portion of estimated cost of MFPE items. Two conflicting bills to allow the State Board of Education to reduce the pupil-teacher ratio in classrooms in the future, when money is available, were passed by the Legislature. The Governor will determine which becomes law when he signs either H.B. 1103 or S.B . 247. BUDGET SUMMARY Operation of Department of Education (Including two State Schools) . Total 35,479,076 Grants to School Systems (MFPE) Teacher Salaries . . . O.C.P.P. . . . . . . M&O and Sick Leave . Other Grants . . . . . 202,600,879 . 32,939,496 . 33,800,277 . 22,425,462 Sub-total Grants . . . 291,766,114 Grants to School Systems (Other than MFPE) Title I . . . Other Grants . . 34,538,868 . 43,463,225 Total Grants . . 369,768,207 Teacher Retirement Capital Outlay . 20,681,820 . 28,801,000 Grand Total . . . . 454,730,103 Agency 21,799,431 34,538,868 26,084,458 60,623,326 82,422,757 State 13,679,645 202,600,879 32,939,496 33,800,277 22,425,462 291,766,114 17,378,767 309,144,881 20,681,820 28,801,000 372,307,346 Another bill passed by the Etudreucaret1q.0unirteos btehge.mS.ItamtemeDdeiaptaerltymtoent for a statewide program of IOUIJCatlOIII . for all exceptional children. The partment has eight years to put plan into effect, which some educatoq estimate will cost $80 million. The ~e~islature passed a statewide law requmng that all children enrolled in public schools must first be iJn.. munized for certain contagious eases. Those diseases for which must be immunized will be determined by the State Board of Health and incorporated in the rules and regulations of local boards of health. Other education bills which passed the Legislature include an Act to authorize heads of State Departments to declare certain property to be surplus; Acts to permit the transfer of retirement credits from Employees' Retirement to Teachers' Retirement System, and vice versa; and an Act to provide for state equipment purchasing and an advisory committee for "quick-start" vocational programs to meet employment needs of new and expanding industry. Compact Out The Department of Education lost a bid for legislation which would allow Georgia to become a member of the national organization, "Education Commission of the States." Georgia, one of the original planners of the Commission, had been a member by Executive Order of Governor Carl Sanders. The Legislature was to decide whether the membership would be continued. The Commission is an organization of governors, legislators and state level educators whose main emphasis is the importance of state control of education accomplished through a strong state department of education. Superintendent Nix expressed regret that Georgia was not allowed to con tinue its membership in the organiza tion. " It would have been to our ad- vantage to get involved in the early stages of this movement and to help in establishing policies for such a c~m pact." Page 8 BOARD . . . Continued from Page I (applying the average $558 vSotaeIadrYbyScthheeduLlee)gitsolabtuereeffteoctti.hvee tourth school month in the 196. 8hOOI year; approved a resolutwn &Ctted by Dr. Russell Clar~, Direc- ~ the Division of Plann~n.g, Re_,cll and Evaluation, authonzmg the :;ae School Superintendent to apply federal assistance not to exce~d l S~Bu3e8s4tefdor fiscal under 1968. (Funds Will Title III of ESEA amended by Section 131 to estab- and operate within the State Edu- CIIion Agency a State Advisory Coun- for Title III) ; approved a Health Examination Form as submitted to the Sl:aft Department of Public Health, lilt referred the request to the Georgia Jlteragency Council on School Health tbe State staff for further study and JeCOmmendations after the status of Jeaislation pertaining to immunization determined ; after considerable dis- cussion, approved the operation of aycross- Ware Area Vocational- Technical School fo r one additional ,ar (1968-69) on an experimental lluis. (The school is operating as an - high school with students from ~neral counties attending four hours a day for vocational education train- illg. A full report on the value of the operation will be made in early spring of 1969.); adopted a new policy for further implementation of Section 12, MF'PE, for the 1968-69 school year stipulating two categories of allot- ments of personnel. The Board also appointed two li- brary advisory committees, one for Library Services for State Institutions IDd for Blind and Physically Handi- ~; the other for Interlibrary Co- :ratJon; adopted an official seal for State Department of Education :aoved Paulding and Forsyth coun~ ~acahs isaysntemfusndtso apply for federal for construction of - 1 -lllov.ocat J' onal high schools; tabled Jeaku!Jon by Board Member L. L. CIQ d s to accept the low lease bidder iaatauaetda p.rocessm. g equipment to be 10 the Columbus-Muscogee Area Vocational Technical School; heard three resolutions adopted by the Georgia Schools Boards Association Convention on Jan. 23, 1968. Two changes in Teacher Certification policy have been made by the State Board of Education upon recommendation of School Superintendent Jack P. Nix. Beginning with certificates valid from July 1, 1968, the validity period will be seven years for all professional certificates based upon four or more years of teaching. Also beginning with certificates valid from July 1, 1968, applicants who have not completed approved four-year de- Continued on Page 12 Vo-Tech Education c Master Plan Begun Georgia is taking first steps to develop a master plan for vocationaltechnical education in the State. The five-year project began in January with the naming of an advisory committee of business, financial , labor, legislative and social leaders by School Superintendent Jack P. Nix. "Vocational education in Georgia has reached a plateau where planning can no longer be piecemeal and yearat-a-time," said George Mulling, State Director of Vocational Education. "The vocational education picture in Georgia is due for clear, long-range definition as to purpose, goals and schedules, with the result of superior vocational-technical training for our citizens," he said. The advisory committee will be assisted by several sub-committees attacking specific problem areas and occupational categories. The Master Plan will not determine which .courses a specific school will or will not offer, but will result in establishing methods for determining the occupational needs of a community and standards of training for meeting those needs. Desegregation Help Available The University of Georgia has received a grant of $216,000 under the Civil Rights Act to finance an Educational Institute to deal with local school desegregation problems. The College of Education will be the administering unit. Technical and consultative help will be available for school systems upon request of the superintendent. More than 25 requests for help had been received by Dec. 1. One of the aims of the Institute is to identify educational and instructional problems accompanying school desegregation. Assistance will be given in developing workable solutions to these problems. For example, a practical instructional problem is the wide range of achievement among students from different schools. Through cooperative efforts of persons within the school system and representatives from the Institute, such problems may be solved. The Institute's services will deal only with educational and administrative problems and are designed for school personnel only. Dr. Morrill M. Hall , associate professor of education in the Department of Administration and Supervision of the College of Education, is director of the Center. HEADLINERS Joseph M. Johnston, Director of Federal-State Relations for the Department of Public Instruction of North Carolina, has been named president-elect of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . . . Frank Hughes has resigned as Executive Secretary of the Georgia Education Association . . . Mrs. Lila McDill, principal of Westminster Elementary School, Atlanta, and Mrs. Catherine Thurston, Tennille Elementary School, have been named to the Commission on Elementary Schools of the Southern Association of Schools and Colleges. Page 9 on Education Eoon.ffdgfiuhCcctwa,atClt.osi.oomFsnareieesCdt tohWmuenilWttloyiaapSmsicchshiwnoSgohutleopsnne'nG1o.n1eptIe11netdvoeent r School .sul?erintendent Jack P.e~fi? 24th M ac D1stnct . B mb e r oGf eCorogmiamRerecper;esVeinc1eatr~ve PDr1.esstn1d.cetnUt .HSu. bCeorntgHreusmsmpahnreJyo'hSneDvemh. and Second District Georgia avu, R epresentative Bert Ward of Catoosa County. John W. Gardner resigned as Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to return March 1 to the Carnegie Corporation as consultant on a special project involving urban problems. Journal Features Appalachian Georgia Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission featured Georgia's plans for implementation of the Appalachian Act in a recent issue. The article described Georgia's efforts to develop a comprehensive vocational-technical school system, its attack on water pollution, and improvement of health services. Concentration on health and education is aimed at easing the transition of the labor force from agriculture occupations to industrial, commercial and service opportunities where competitive skills are needed, the article says. Title I projects designed to aid educationally deprived children in low income areas are reaching 207,026 Georgia children with 169 programs in fiscal 1968. At a total cost of $26,638,733, 159 of Georgia's 196 school systems offer Title I activities and services. English-reading projects are the most frequently offered, with 155 in progress. Food services, music programs, health- physical education and health-medical services are the other top five programs. Title I is part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Atlanta will be host to Region II of the National Association of Education Broadcasters April 3-5 at the Atlanta Cabana Motor Hotel. Several staff members of the Georgia ETV Network will participate on the program. Jack P. Nix, Georgia School Superintendent, will give the welcome. Ralph McGill, publisher of the Atlanta Constitution, will speak at the banquet Thursday evening. An $8,000 grant to finance research in the arts and humantiies as applied to man's problems today is offered by Alpha Delta Kappa international honorary sorority for women educators. The sorority plans three such grants, the first to be awarded in 1969 and the others at two-year intervals. The recipients must be in the cultural or educational fields and must have completed academic work for a master's .degree. Applications may be obtained from Mrs. Jeanne Neal at sorority headquarters, 1615 West 92nd St., Kansas City, Mo. 64114. Twenty thousand teachers will be chosen to attend National Defense Education Act Teacher Training Institutes this summer. Elementary and secondary schools all over the country now have in their possession information about the 489 different institutes being offered in colleges and u . sities in all 50 states and terri::::. iT~hceludfeelloawlmshoispts,anoypesnubtojecatll intea~ hers, t1~n. Colleges and universities oper. atmg the program make final selectiaa of teachers who will attend. Totalq of this year's program, about $34 mil- lion, is the same as last year. Six institutes for advanced study be held abroad next summer 1o strengthen the qualifications of teacben who instruct the children of America armed service and civilian persoDDd overseas. Authorized by Title XI fi the National Defense Education Act, the programs will be conducted in six countries for 250 teachers. There wiD be two programs in Europe, one in Turkey, two in the Far East (one to be held in Japan by the University fi Georgia for 45 teachers June 24- August 2), and the sixth in Brazil. The National Education Associaticll is proposing to Congress a bill thll would add $6 billion to existing federll aid to education. The proposal would provide massive general, or uncar marked school funds for the states to use as ~hey wish. It would give eacb state a basic annual grant of $10.0 petor school-age child, and would ra1se o2f2%totatlheschfeodoelraslupgpoovret.rnAmcecnotr'sdi.DsbIai.C, the NEA proposal, half the JD(#f/ would be tagged for increasing teadJel salaries and attracting additional quali- fied teachers into the field . The:: half would be for use at the disc of the states. Page 10 DAYS SLATED IN APRIL, MAY rogram of job in- YS' a P nt for students .andvopclaauc.oenmae1 institutions, is fotor .1and May this AGpenorge Mulling, year, State of Vocational Education. area vocational - technical 0 nal High Funded funds of $400,000 under AAPcPtaIwacilhl iafninanRceegiaorneaal voDceavtie.Olonpa-1 schools at Habersham County _o LIAS. o1, Demorest, and Cha1t1tooga High School, Summervi e. grant of $200,00~ for .ea_ch will provide occupatiOnal tramflcilities for about 250 dayti~e and an additional 200 evemng in each school. the funds for two new , $15,000 has been approved last year's Appalachian funds to . .llleD!lent money already approprifor an area vocational-technical at Carrollton. ..n-nction costs for each of the aew schools will be $250,000, to be provided by local in each case. Georgia Committee on Chil- llld Youth held its annual meet- March 27-28 at the Dempsey Macon. Dr. Eleanor Braun , head of the Department of Development and Family Rela- University of Connecticut was JIIIC'iDal speaker. ' schools and area vocational high schoo1s are participatm g m the prog.ram thi.s year. Thou.sands of m. vi.ta.t10ns have been mailed to Georgia businesses having need of skilled employees . The TECHDAYS program, endorsed by the Georgia State Chamber of Commerce, Industrial Development Council, will provide this year's 5,500 graduates an opportunity to explore employment possibilities with a large number of firms . Employers, in turn, will have a chance to hire from a large group of well-prepared prospective employees : Georgia Schools Freedoms Winners A number of Georgia schools have been named winners in the annual Freedoms Foundation Awards school category. They include Fernbank School, Kittredge School and St. Pius X Catholic High School, Atlanta; Flat Shoals Elementary, Forrest Hills School, Juvenile Detention School, Knollwood School, Midway School, Decatur; LaGrange High School, LaGrange; Tucker High School, Tucker. Georgia teachers who received Valley Forge Teachers Medal Awards include Llenell J. Sanderson of Alpharetta; Grace L. Ellis and Margaret W. Peters of Atlanta; Margaret W. Marchman of Chamblee; Robin Bowing and Elizabeth S. Purvis of Decatur. Awards were presented in local ceremonies Feb. 22. e of the meeting was "Help Children and Youth Grow Heads of state government and agencies and organizations Y/ork relates directly to children lllnong program participants. Superintendent Jack p. Nix the Georgia Department ~:ati11n Network Complete Every state now has at least one public two-year junior college. Nevada, the only state which had none, opened its Nevada Community College at Elko this year, making the nation's network complete. Big City Schools' Problems Cited Recommendations of the Council of Chief State School Officers following their annual convention are three: State departments of education should give higher priority to the problems of big city schools, including promotion of legislation to provide needed financial support; Teachers, as well as supervisory and administrative personnel, should be more involved in educational decisions concerning salaries, working conditions , curricula and textbook selection; Authority for approval and evaluation of Title III programs of ESEA should be given to the states. (Since this recommendation was made, Congress funded ESEA with the provision for this change to be effective by 1970.) City Will Proftt "Cities should give more than just moral support-they should give financial aid (to education). The future 'personnel' of a city will come from its education system. The better the education, the better the city." (Editorial quote from Business and Securities News.) Dr. Pafford Dies Dr. W. E . Pafford, for many years Director of District Services for the Georgia Department of Education, died January 2 in Atlanta. He was 72. A high school teacher, coach, principal and superintendent, Dr. Pafford joined the Department in 1942. He retired in 1964. Dr. Pafford was a member of the Commission on Secondary Schools of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. He was one of three educators named to honorary membership in the Southern Association at the 72nd annual meeting in November. He attended the meeting to accept the award. Page 11 ON BOARD ... Continued from Page 9 gree programs in teacher education may have the practice teaching requirement waived and may be issued the Teacher's Professional Four-Year (T-4) Certificate providing they meet the following requirements: (a) The bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited college; (b) Approximately 60 quarter hours in general education; (c) All requirements for a teaching field; (d) A minimum of 20 quarter hours in acceptable professional education courses which must include at least 5 quarter hours in the area of human growth and development, and at least 10 quarter hours in the area of curriculum and methods; and (e) At least three years of successful teaching experience on the level for which certification is sought. This experience must be verified by the Superintendent(s) for whom the applicant t a ught. In other action the Board: Approved certain revisions in Standards for Georgia Schools (see page 3) ; passed a resolution praising Seventh District State Board Member Henry Stewart for his contributions to the Board; approved a request of the Board of Education for revision in its Authority budget to permit construction of an elementary school addition instead of a high school addition; approved the application of the Laurens County Board of Education for construction of an area vocational high school in Laurens County; heard Superintendent Nix report that General Dynamics Corporation proposes to make the Georgia ETV Network film, "Ode to an Uncertain Tomorrow," available internationally as part of its educational public relations program; approved a request by Superintendent Nix to submit to USOE a proposal requesting $33,000 for a six-state cooperative project in developing a state plan for administarion of Title III; requested that Superintendent Nix obtain an opinion from the Attorney General as to the legality of the State's giving financial support to an experimental instructional program for secondary students at Waycross Area Vocational- Technical School; approved revision in minimum qualifications for professional personnel in area vocational-technical schools; approved modification in the existing plan for approval of business education curriculum; approved for the remainder of the current school year a request from the Moultrie City Schools to w~ive Board policy which dnver education instructor to IS-quarter hour driver "UI.ICIItiN dorsement in addition to th t1'ficate; approved Reading; approved threequSetastte~ program changes for Whitfield to pI allow rebud 0 ete proJects get of i ng of fund higher s proved a request of Clarke Board of Education to rebudget ments for three new projects; a change order in the construction now under way at approved contracting of farm South Georgia Technical and tiona) School with the Stabilization and Conservation deferred until the March question of construction orities at South Georgia Vocational School; approved course agreement between Indiana State University; contract for construction of for primary age children at the Academy for the Blind; anr~m'flllll struction of Warner Robins School on a basis of Acqu1st1t1ons D1v. University of Ga. Libraries University of Georgia Athens, Ga. 30601 J ...A Look at Education's Role Today tended Year Approved City, Atlanta City, Gwinand Fulton County School Systems will operate twelve-month school programs beginning in September 1968. The State Board of Education at its April meeting sanctioned the plan of these systems and other systems which subsequently apply and meet the requirements established by the State Superintendent of Schools. The programs are to be operated subject to the administration of rules and regulations determined by the State Superintendent of Schools and his staff. The first three quarters of the 12-month school year are to operate a minimum of 180 days. In other action the Board: Approved recommendations of the State Textbook Committee, "early adoptions" in the areas of mathematics, science and health, the completion of series adopted earlier and new materials in other areas; denied, for lack of funds, a recommendation of the Textbook Committee that consumable type instructional materials be provided third graders as well as first and second graders; approved contracts for maintenance services to the Surplus Property Unit; approved changes in charges for room and board at North Georgia and South Georgia VocationalTechnical Schools to conform to changing from the three-quarter system to the four-quarter system; Authorized the Division of Rehabilitation to employ professional consultants in special categories above age 55 on an hourly fee basis not to exceed $900 per month; approved a request that the Moultrie Board of Education be allowed to redistribute $30,280 in capital outlay funds for Continued on page 8 Student, Teacher Bayard Ta ylor Van Heeke , Jr., left, seventeenyear-old senior at Darlington School, Rome, is Georgia's 1968 State STAR Student, and Ralph ]au Don Dorminey, right, teacher o f mathematics at Darlington, is th e 1968 State STAR T eacher. STAR Georgia Teacher Supply Looks Bright for Fall The outlook for an adequate teaching staff in Georgia's schools for 1968 is brighter than ever. Georgia colleges and universities are preparing 900 more teachers than at this time in 1967. From September 1967 through August 1968, the state expects 3,963 new teachers to enter Georgia classrooms. According to Ted R. Owens, Associate Director, Teacher Certification, Georgia Department of Education, many teachers from out of state have asked for certification in order to teach in Georgia next year. Because of the increase in new teachers graduating and experienced teachers moving to Georgia, Mr. Owens thinks Georgia will have no problem staffing its schools next fall and will be far ahead of many other states in this respect. The state needs an average of 5,000 additional teachers teachers every year. Jack P. Nix, State School Superintendent, said, "We have worked quite hard at the state level to attract more teachers to Georgia, and it is gratifying to see such strong response to our efforts. With higher teacher salaries, extensive teacher recruitment, and efforts to improve education in Georgia at every level, we have many advantages to offer teachers. " According to Mr. Owens there is still some shortage of teachers in certain teaching areas. Although there are more teachers preparing to teach math and science, still more are needed in these areas, especially in physics. Special education is another area where many more teachers are needed. Of those now enrolled in teacher education courses in Georgia colleges and universities, 1,507 will receive degrees in elementary education, 2,196 in secondary education, and 259 will hold degrees in ungraded areas such as library science and special education. INSIDE EDUCATION with State School Superintendent Jack P. Nix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i One of the major problems we at the state level face as we try to guide and administer Georgia's program of public school education is the phenomenal amount of detailed paperwork and reporting which bog down our attempts to take advantage of federal monies allotted to education programs in Georgia. This burden of administrative work has at times worked against the effective use of federal funds; it has slowed down our e~ciency at the state level and delayed translation of plans into action at the system level. Education officials at both the state and federal levels realize their joint aim of educating children is being hampered by too many regulations, and efforts are being made to solve the problem. I was in Chicago in February for a meeting of Chief State School Officers when the U. S. Office of Education proposed the idea of "packaging," which may be a major step toward reducing federal red tape. The USOE proposal offers the states an opportunity, with financial assistance from Title III and Title V of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, to plan ways they would like to simplify and consolidate as many federal programs as possible into a single package. Nolan Estes, USOE associate commissioner, explains the proposal: states could start with a small package containing Title III and the Education Professions Development Act; the second stage could add National Defense Education Act programs; and a final stage could include all federal education programs, including Head Start and Follow Through, in a single package. The goal of the whole effort is to reduce the problems inherent in 80 separate USOE programs -fragmentation, failure to meet pressing needs, distortion of state priorities, divisive results in state departments of education and administrative overburden. The plan may be an answer to complaints about federal red tape. Members of the Chief State School Officers who heard the proposal are strongly in favor of such consolidation ; however, the state school chiefs have voted to avoid combining packaging wtt..,.,.,.11,. preparation of Title III state plans before 1968. Georgia, like all other states, is currently much concerned with its state plan for the istration of Title III, ESEA, and we feel that best efforts should be devoted to this area later in the summer when we will consider packaging proposal. "'"'\olllllfll In fiscal 1969, which begins July 1, 1968 7 of the Title III appropriation will be turned to Georgia for control by the State under terma an approved state plan. The remaining 25% our state allotment will remain under USOB trol, where it will be disbursed for projects show promise of "making a substantial con tion to the solutions of critical educational lems common to all or several states." Until the states have had very little voice in approvhll Title III projects. In fiscal 1970, Georgia will receive 100% the Title III appropriation. In preparing its state plan for administratilll of Title III, Georgia has appointed an adviaJ council of representatives of the cultural and cational community and the public. The councirt function will be to advise the State Departmeat of Education in preparation of the state Dr. C. V. Hodges, Superintendent of Waya. City Schools, is chairman of the council. A f-. of consultants has been employed to write state plan for which a deadline of May 1 has.,_ set for the first draft. This plan is to be approwd by July 1, and then Georgia will be allowed IP" proval of 75% of Title III funds. At the same time, Georgia is administerial state for a Title V project to assist six So~~ ern states in developing state plans for a~ tion of Title III. Out of our sharing of tdeas consultative help concerning Title III, the six a . - and other clusters of states over the country mil broaden their aims to include, after July 1, . of the larger areas of concern which USO6 suggested with its. packaging proposal. Any reduction in federal administrative tape will be well worth the effort the stateS expend. Page 2 rgia Schools In Lunch Survey one hundred and fifty Georgia bools have been selected by the SBCureau of the Census, U.S.. .Depar.t- 111e.r.n.ratu.oofoaCl oSmchmoeorlceL, utnochpaSrutircviepya.teAcm- cai)n{o.tredFnm'adregrnettlol,JaaAcglkertictPeu.rltNureri.cexeiRvferesod~mabrycKheSnuSnpeeretvrh-- . "The national survey mms to pro- ~~d a current measure of school food VscI rvet.ces and consideratw. ns wh.ICh WI'II affect future availability and levels of 5tudent participation." Similar studies were conducted in 1957 and 1962. Findings will be used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture ~.0c evaluating present and future pubefforts affecting nutrition of school age children-including school lunch, special milk and ~reakfast p~ograms . Two questionnaires are bemg used for the survey. Selected schools will re- ceive questionnaire A or B, but not both. Questionnaire A focuses on school lunch and its financing; ques- tionnaire B focuses on special milk, breakfast, and food service preparation. Grant to Finance Teacher Training Georgia has received a federal grant of $314,971 from the new Bureau of Education for the Handicapped. The money, according to Dr. .Mamie Jo Jones, director, Division for Exceptional Children, will be used primarily for teacher training. Dr. Jones said approximately $5,000 of the new grant will be set aside for a planning session to which local system representatives will be invited this summer. Other projects to be funded with the new grant include a re-evaluation of lllentally retarded children in the state to determine who is educable and who trainable, scholarships for teachers of : handicapped, state administrative ts, summer workshops for the handicapped and hiring local program directors for handicapped. Georgia's School Superintendent Jack P. Nix, center, accepts Encyclopedia Britannica R eference Libraries on behalf of 22 selected school systems in the State , as Otis White, Jr., right, Director, Title I Programs for Atlanta City Schools, accepts the books for that system from William Sartain, Britannica district manager. OPINIONS of the Attorney General As to imposing certain duties upon teachers with respect to the maintenance of daily pupil records , and as to whether teachers could be relieved of this time-consuming task through the use of automated equipment in place of the present cumbersome attendance registers: "Notwithstanding the administrative desirability to which you refer of 'allowing the use of other forms of reporting to make possible employment of data processing equipment and other centralized record keeping to account for . enrollment in the public schools,' I am reluctantly forced to conclude that until such time as the present statutes are modified, teachers may not lawfully be relieved of those positive duties which are imposed upon them by said statutes. I believe this conclusion to be required by the fact that the statutory language involved is clearly mandatory rather than merely directory. To illustrate, Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-1020 declares in part: ' . .. each teacher shall keep an accurate account of the number of pupils entering the school room and the number of days of actual attendance. For this purpose the teacher shall be provided with a register by the local school authorities ... it shall not be legal to make the final payment to any teacher until complete reports and re- turns have been made to the superintendent of schools' (italics added). "Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-2114 declares in part: 'All schools shall keep daily records of attendance, verified by the teacher making such record . .. ' (italics added). "And finally, Ga. Code Ann. Section 32-914 provides: "It shall be the duty of the teachers to make and file with the county superintendent of schools at the expiration of each term of school, a full and complete report of the whole number of pupils admitted to the school during said term, ... the entire and the average attendance.... Until such report shall have been filed by a teacher, it shall not be lawful for said county superintendent of schools to audit the account of said teacher for his or her services.' (italics added). "While nothing in this opinion is to to be taken as indicating that a teacher could not utilize any device or equipment, including automated equipment, to assist her in complying with her statutory duties, I am forced to conclude that the statutory language would not permit the teacher to be relieved of such duties through a complete shift to some entirely different form of reporting based upon the use of data processing equipment and centralized record keeping." Page 3 Teachers: Age 10 Visitors to the schools of District 49, Overland Park, Kansas, are often astonished by the youth of many math teachers there. And for good reason: the teachers average less than ten years of age. These youngsters from fourth, fifth and sixth grades cease being students twice each week to tutor first, second and third graders in arithmetic. It is called a cadet teacher program, and features a one-to-one ratio : one cadet to one slow learner. Outsiders eavesdropping on typical 30-minute, sessions can hear such bits of conversation as: "Now listen, Bobby, just pretend they're pieces of candy and count 'em up to see how many you have." "Debbie, you're getting to be so good~ pretty soon you won't need me any more." "I 'member you showed me how to do that yesterday. Now let's see, how did I do it?" Adelyn C. Muller, creator and director of the three-year-old program, set it up as an experiment when grades slumped after the introduction of modern math. Today more than 350 children-more than a tenth of the entire district's enrollment-participate. The experiment has paid off. District 49 grade schools have cut the number of youngsters who need improvement in math by 75% . Also the program won a 1967 Pacemaker Award, presented annually by the NEA and Parade Magazine for pioneering or superior performances in the improvement of education. Time to Teach Teacher aides are helping to lighten the teacher's load of nonteaching duties and to extend the teacher's reach in getting to the individual child. A new publication of the U . S. Office of Education, Staffing for Better Schools, cites a study which proves teacher aides really do help. A five-year study in 25 Michigan schools measured teachers' activities before and after aides joined the staff. With the aides' help, the study found: teachers cut the percentage of time devoted to routine tasks. Correcting papers was cut by 89%; enforcing discipline, 36 %; taking attendance, 76%; preparing reports, 25%; supervising children moving between classes, 61%; monitoring written lessons, 83%. With freedom from these duties, teachers increased the time they spent on lesson preparation by 105% ; recitation, 57%; preparation of homework assignments, 20%; and individual coaching, 27%. Anything Goes! Many teachers would attempt revolutionary techniques, but are defeated by a lack of support and funds. A unique program in Connecticut is giving teachers a chance to experiment. Using $25,000 in federal funds , the state has awarded 25 teachers grants to test their pet projects. One teacher is using real rabbits, guinea pigs, snakes, frogs and mice to show her kindergarten students animal life. Older students are creating a nature trail and visiting ponds during Saturday science workshops. Junior high students are sponsoring a film festival and reading the novels on which the films are based. A Talking Bus? A talking school bus? They have one in Gunnison, Colo., and its name is Mr. Ed. He has been on the job for more than a month now, the brainstorm of a teachers' group in Gunnison. His duties are to provide education and entertaining diversion for 54 students who spend two hours a day on the bus, traveling 32 miles between home and school. Students wear earphones, which they may tune in to any of seven tape recorder channels or a radio station. Flexibility Plus Educators have always known some classes should be allow d that time, that such as others - labcos nacnedntararttecdiasesleesl'lloa.nred experiences such as language ~ - could be shorter. But to sch~ cl.asses for each student accordt'ngutleo his for needs any would school baedma imniosntruamtoern. taSl o~ falls back on the traditional 50- c1ass per1.0d for everything. DUnute m. Dwuarsihngm' gtthoen past summer State tried an educat approaocrhs that may promise a solution. The Data Processing Section of the State Educa. vidualized instruction on a system- in~! uc step-by-step basis throughout an e8~T.~'hesfcohuoro-lyeparro-oglrdamex. pen.ment, calied . 'dually Prescribed Instruction JndiVI I) attracts 100 V.IS.it.mg e d ucators (IP 'week. Already 1,000 school disetnv.cetrsy have asked to become a part of !PlT. he difference between today's regu18r schools and IPI are many an.d obV.IOUS, observers say. Each pupil sets hs own pace. When he has completed 1 8 un1t of work , he. is tested,. the test is corrected immediately, and If he gets grade of 85 % or better, he moves 3 on. Otherwise, the teacher offers a And it's happening all over the U. es, in big school systems and small ones. The projects described on " - pages are culled from reports of many which come across ALERT1 These are just a sample of many exciting experiments educators are onstudents these days. Some of them work; others don't. But the "anyt ' attitude of most schoolmen is a healthy sign that education is alert ~iftr to improve, to change and grow. tion Department helped four high schools prepare schedules with the help of computers. In each school the day is broken into 15-minute modules. Information about students, rooms, instructors, etc., wa:s fed into a computer. Then the computer furnished the actual schedules which school representatives put into effect. The assistance this year was on a trial basis, jointly financed by state and district. School of Future The school of the future is here and now, though only in an experiment~ way. At Oakleaf Elementary SchooliD Pittsburgh, Pa., 250 pupils ~re learn~ ing mathematics, reading, science. an spelling- each at his own. indivtd: pace. The pilot program bemg c.arnthe on under Title IV of ESEA .15 of nation's first successful operatton series of alternative activities to correct the weakness, including individual tutoring. There are no textbooks, and almost no lecturing by the teacher to the class as a whole. The school's attendance rate is highest in the county, and one of the highest in the nation. Pupils are happy because they are not frustrated. Teachers are happy because they are teaching. Many students have performed from three to four grade levels above what normally would be expected at their age. The experimental school may be remaking the face of education in the United States. Sponsors think its success proyes that soon, perhaps in two or three years, it will be possible to provide individual ized education for each child by techniques that are economically feasible for use in our public schools. Teacher-Partners New Idea in Teacher Staffing: Partnership Teaching, with one teacher serving in the morning and another in the afternoon, is growing in the Boston area, where there are now 20 such partnerships in elementary and secondary schools. The program permits reactivation of teachers who, because of family responsibilities, do not want a full-time position. It also allows for teaming teachers with strengths in different areas; gives students another set of brains to pick; and provides a built-in substitute teacher. The teachers' hours overlap for consultation and pl anning . Mobile Repair Shop A Mobile Tune-Up Training Unita miniature auto repair shop on wheels-is visiting Connecticut's 14 vocational-technical schools to offer special instruction in auto motor tuneup maintenance. A cooperative effort of the State Department of Education and the Labor Department, the traveling unit was developed under the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1963 and is designed to train people for full-time jobs in a well-paying field. The unit is a van towed by a cab tractor and is self-contained, able to generate its own power for lights and machinery operation. Two auto maintenance experts, both certified teachers, will accompany the mobile unit on its rounds. They offer instruction for beginners and a refresher course for auto mechanics. Project Create Project Create, sponsored by the Connecticut Department of Education in cooperation with the Connecticut Commission on the Arts, is providing 3,000 youngsters in six elementary schools a chance to let their imaginations run free . Project Create is showing that a little extra spending, plus experimentation in instruction in the arts - music, painting, the dance - can open up new avenues of expression for elementary school children. A $150,000 grant under Title III of ESEA is financing the project. Children in the project have seen the Paper Bag Players perform a fairy tale with music and dancing, an original play, and a performance' of the medieval-style musical drama, "Noah's Flood." Every child with an interest in or aptitude for any form of the arts will have an opportunity to apply his skill and talent to some creative activity. Hostesses Fairfax, Va., School Newsletter reports that at each elementary school last year, a dining room "hostess" was employed to relieve classroom teachers of lunch hour supervisory responsibilities. The new project was designed to give teachers at least one free period during the school day. Three Heads Better ... An experimental project designed to improve the learning experiences of educationally disadvantaged children is being conducted jointly by Atlanta University, Atlanta Public Schools and Emory University, institutions which share a common interest and concern over the plight of deprived children in the inner city. To combat the complex educational problems of these distadvantaged children, Urban Laboratory in Education was formed to serve as a vehicle for collaboration to develop ways of improving the education of these children. Atlanta's Urban Laboratory, funded by a $3 million grant from the Ford Foundation, is one of five such Educational Improvement Projects in the South financed by Ford. It was established on the faith that the universities and school system could attack the educational dilemma of the disadvantaged more effectively by working cooperatively rather than alone. Page 4 Page 5 on Education Proposals which would revolutionize rural education from coast to coast are urged in a special report of the President's National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty. Recommendations of the 25-man Commission range from innovative preschool programs to adult education. The sweeping changes, if adopted, would change an educational system that has historically shortchanged rural people into a system that will go a long way toward helping the 14 million people who live in rural poverty to help themselves. Early childhood education was emphasized. "Every child be,ginning at age 3 sho'uld have an opportunity to participate in a good preschool program," the report said. "This report is about a problem which many in the United States do not realize exists. The problem is rural poverty . . . which is so widespread, and so acute , as to be a national disgrace, and its consequences have swept violently into our cities." The report recommends that the President streamline administration of all federal education programs affecting rural schools. The dropout rate among nonwhite 16- and 17-year-olds has fallen sharply, according to a report compiled by the U. S. Census Bureau and Department of Labor. In 1960, 77 percent of nonwhites in the age group were enrolled in school; in 1966, 83 % . White enrollment rose from 85 % to 89 % . Approximately 2,500 unemployed or underemployed Atlantans are receiving education and training for jobs through the Atlanta Concentrated Employment Program. The $4.5 million federally funded project is a part of Economic Opportunity Atlanta, Inc. The Atlanta Public School Division of Vocational-Technical and Adult Education is the training and educational unit for the project. Harold D. Roberts , project director, heads a staff of 20 instructors and two counselors who are housed on the fifth floor of the old Georgia Power Office Building at 52 Fairlie St. The Center has been operating since August 14, and is funded through July 1968. About 100 new recruits enter the program every two weeks. The Department of Education Rehabilitation Office provides evaluation for trainees through the Atlanta Employment Evaluation and Service Center. Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge has announced its 1968 National and School Awards Program, for which nominations are due not later than June 30. To be eligible for the awards, material must have been written, developed or released between November 1967 and November 1968. The sole basis for judging material is the Freedoms Foundation "Credo of the American Way of Life." Additional information and entry blanks are available from Awards Administration, Freedoms Foundation, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Why do school bond issue campaigns fail? School Boards magazine lists these common mistakes: 1. an appeal simply for money and new buildings, 2. no genuine year-round public relations program, 3. use of threats, 4. inappropriate proposal, 5. poor timing, 6. failure to truly involve the people. California's public school system, the biggest and often rated the best in the nation-isn't all that good. So reports a blue-ribbon citizens' committee after two years of study. The report called for "radical redirection" of California's public schools. Like other schools in the U. S., California schools are perpetuating the "rigidities of the past," when they should be developing new ways of meeting the demands of the highly society of the future, the report con"dI nI.h. othnes inner cities now stand, of Arnerica, we fail to cate nearly one-half of all our y people. In the 16 largest cities ~ at least 100,000 young men women turn 18 each year without.... good an education as the avCI'IIl suburban child has at the end of a. eighth grade. If half these men aad women become dependent on societJ the cost of maintaining them throup: out their lives is likely to be five billioa dollars." So writes Hugh Calkins support of his belief that the natioa must give priority to "including till poor in American life." Calkins is a member of the Executive Committee of the National Committee for Support of the Public Schools and of the Lea- islative Committee of the National School Boards Association. If Mississippi began to drasticallJ improve its educational system now, it would be the year 2000 before tbe state's citizens would draw even widl national levels of income. According to Education U.S.A., a publication of tbe National School Public Relations Association, this is the conclusion of an initial phase of a statewide education study prepared for the Mississippi Research and Development Council by Booz-Allen & Hamilton, a management consultant firm. The study shows that Mississippi ranks at the bottom of states in a number of education cate- gories-teacher pay, expenditures per child, ranking of students in national tests. Edwin J. O'Leary of Garden City, Mich ., has never lost a bond issue during the 26 years he has been a superintendent in both Illinois ~ Garden City. Since joining G~rden ~ in 1952 he has won a stnng of 2 consecut,ive election proposals. Page 6 . Singletary, Associate Superintend- IJf ,., oTflfiSiSch~hoillsdraedndarensdseYs otuhteh Georgia Comat its meeting -"tt 0~ in March. At right is Mrs. Mamie il )lacf Atlanta, who moderated a panel f. TaY. or: left William H. Burson, DirecjttU~~;;gia D epartment of Family and ~ddren Services. Georgia Press Covers Education Georgia's press is generous and con. tent in its coverage of education news all over the state. Four of the latest examples are a special edition of the Athens Banner- Herald on Feb. 25 entitled "Advancing Athens through Education"; The Dalton Daily Citizen-News sixth annual edition March 9 of the "Dynamic Dalton Story," which included 40 to 50 articles .on education and schools; The Kingsland Southeast Georgian, which featured on its front page for Feb. 22 picture-story coverage of the Camden County Schools' annual Curriculum Fair; and February 26 and 27 editions of the Alllens Banner-Herald and the Athens Ddy News, respectively, which reported on the decision of a $12 million plant to locate in Athens. Both articles quoted Reliance Electric Company officials as saying a "major advantage lhat gave Athens-Clarke County the new industry was the Athens Area Vocational-Technical School, now in its second year." A Reliance official termed the facility "one of the best I have seen anyplace." Two Bills Vetoed Governor Lester Maddox vetoed both bills which the Georgia Legisla- ture passed to allow reduction of the Pllpil-teacher ratio in Georgia public SChools. Book Offers New Fuel for Great Debate Since the 1920's, beginning reading programs in most U. S. schools have been dominated by the "meaning emphasis" approach, which focuses a child's attention on story content and pictures. Now comes Jeanne Chall, Harvard University Professor of Education, with a book which says that 50 years of research tend to prove this method less effective than another method, which she calls "code emphasis." Professor Chall's book, "Learning to Read: the Great Debate," is her report on a three-year, Carnegie Corp. financed study of significant reading research completed since 1912. Probably the professor's most startling conclusion is that we are teaching children to read primarily by an approach which 50 years of evidence tend to prove is less effective than another. What is more, "the findings of research in beginning reading . . . are not an im- portant factor irt practicing decisions about beginning reading instruction." In short, educators are ignoring what researchers say about the effectiveness of our most common method of teaching reading. The approach Mrs. Chall finds more effective is called "code emphasis." It focuses the child's attention on a printed word - and stresses that this word is made up of letters representing sounds that stand for the spelling of words they hear. "This report is not the last word," says Professor Chall. She admits that numerous reading specialists don't agree with conclusions of the report. But she is convinced the study accurately portrays the results of the best reading research available. She bases her conclusions on study of 67 research studies, visits to 300 classrooms and interviews with 500 teachers and school administrators. SUMMER STUDY OPPORTUNITIES The U. S. Office of Education will from Mrs. Jennelle Moorhead, Coprovide approximately 500 fellowships ordinator, International Studies, Port- during the 1968-69 academic year for land Center for Continuing Education, graduate training of personnel needed Portland, Ore. 97207. by the nation's libraries and information centers. USOE has announced awards to 51 colleges and universities in 27 states and the District of Columbia that will select and train Fellows in library and information sciences. In Georgia, Fellowships are available at Atlanta University ($56,160), Emory University, Atlanta ($49,920), and Georgia Tech ($18,720). Two summer education seminars in South America are being sponsored by the Division of Continuing Education, Oregon State System of Higher Education, in cooperation with the Office of International Programs, Portland State College. One is a seminar on the culture of Ecuador, designed especially for teachers, from June 25 to July 25. The second is a three-country study seminar on Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru from July 8 to Aug. 5. Both will offer optional graduate or undergraduate Approximately 1,225 persons will receive training in librarianship this summer and during the 1968-69 academic year at 39 institutes throughout the country, the U. S. Office of Education has announced. Institutes are to be, conducted by 35 colleges and universities in 21 states, including Emory University in Atlanta (July 29-Aug. 16) and the University of Georgia (July 29-Aug. 16 and Sept. 1968-May 1969). For additional information contact the institutions involved. The Scottish Rite Consistories in Georgia are offering a $2,800 Fellowship for one year of graduate study in the School of Government, Business and International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. Applications are available from F. C. Underwood, Jr., Chairman, Education and Americanism Committee, credit. More information may be ob- 208 Bull St. , Savannah. Page 7 ON BOARD ... Continued from page I construction at Central Elementary School rather than for equipment; approved a request of the Bryan County Board of Education for capital outJay funds to consolidate all schools in the county into two existing centers, one at Richmond Hill in the southern part of the county and one at Pembroke in the north, when state funds are available; approved new and renewal leases for vocational rehabilitation offices; approved the following grants under the Library Services and Construction Act for Inter-library Cooperation Projects: Albany Junior College, $9,420; Albany Public Library, $7,845; Atlanta Public Library, $11,954; Coastal Plain Regional Library, Tifton, $9,983 ; Union Catalog AtlantaAthens Emory University, Atlanta, $1 ,440; approved a request that Emanuel County Board of Education be permitted to delay the consolidation of Oak Park Elementary School and Summertown Elementary School in order to comply with an HEW request to integrate the first grades at Swainsboro Primary School; adopted a policy allowing area and county system boards of education to require all school buses to have two or more members of the school patrol on each bus while the bus is transporting public school pupils; approved a request that the Forsyth County Board of Education be permitted to transfer $38,600 from Cumming Elementary School project to the Vocational High School project in order to make use of available Appalachian funds; approved changes in subsistence rates at resident schools; approved consolidation plans for Carrollton, Cochran, Waycross and Thomasville City School systems when funds are available; welcomed new heads of departmens of the Georgia Education Association; approved final plans for construction of a boys' dormitory and and a machine tool laboratory at North Georgia Vocational-Technical School, and passed a resolution transmitting these plans to the Georgia Education Authority (Schools); reaffirmed established Board policy requiring a school day to consist of six hours exclusive of recess and lunch peiods for grades 4 to 12 and four and a half hours for grades one to three; approved a new plan for funding for the Atlanta Evaluation Center consisting of a combination of grants from the U. S. Rehabilitation Services Administration for projects in Research and D ~Ion, I nnovatr.on and TrainingemSoen~- m new areas; appointed a commi- -. Board members, Henry Stewanltee Kimsey, J.r., confer With and James S Superintendent pNetiex'rs, GDer.orgA1.adeIrnhsotJl.tduteofonthGeovUernnimveersn1.tty proposal for reorganization of Office of Vocational Reh