Thirty-seventh annual report of the Department of Education to the General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the school year ending December 31, 1908

THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Of THE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
TO THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Of THE
'STATE OF GEORGIA
fOR THE
School Year Ending Dec. 31 st, 1908.
CRAS. P. BYRD
STATE PRINTER, ATLAl\TA, GA.

ATLANTA, GA., June 1, 1909.
To His Excellency, HOKE SMITH, Govenwr of Georgia.
DEAR' SIR :-1 have the honor of transmitting to you for submission to the General Assembly the ThirtySeventh Report of the Department of Education.
This being the last report to be submitted by this Department before the close of your administration, I beg leave to express my sincere apprecia,tion of your loyal support and cooperation in every effort to increase the efficiency of the Common School System, and my gratitude for your ready sympathy with the great mass of teachers and school officials throughout the State. I trust you will find in the report many evidences that your solicitude for the welfare of the schools has not been in vain.
Very truly yours,
JERE M. POUND,
State School Commissioner.

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THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORrr
OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
TO THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA.
Gentlemen of the General Assembly:
The school year which closed December 31, 1908, was one of marked progress. This fact will become readily apparent on a little study of the accompanying report. The volume contains not only the statistical matter required by statute, but much other information, all of which it has been a care to this Department to present in as attractive and accurate a form as possible.
I realize, however, that the report is imperfect. Under existing conditions, such a report must always be so. The law that requires the Department to make an annual exposition of educational operationsJ:hroughout the State, does not require all school officials, from whom data must be sought, to give it, or, at least, does not penalize them for not giving it. The result is that the annals of some county and city systems are always wanting, in spite of repeated efforts to secure the same. From this report, the records of one county and ten city systems are absent, which reduces the totals and averages of the State and prevents the submission of as accurate and comprehensive a showing as is desirable. But, apart from these, it is believed that no previous report of the Departm~lPt w~s ~v~r plor~ trustworthy.

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Statistics are dry reading at best; and it is only when they are studied in a comparative way that their real meaning is disclosed. Studied in this way, they show the direction and drift of educational tendencies, the amount of progression or retardation, and indicate the causes of all these things. This thought determines me to institute something of a comparison between the report of 1907, compiled by the Department last year, and that of 1908, now submitted.

THE CENSUS.

Late in the spring of 1908, the State Board of Edu-

cation, obedient to law, ordered a census of the

educable children,-that is to say, children between six

and eighteen years of age,-taken throughout the State.

The returns are now printed for the first time, and show

that during the five-year 'period between 1903"and 1908

the number of children increased 32,33~ and that the

total number entitled to the benefits of the public school

fund is 735,471. The percentage of increase is about

five per cent., or one per cent. per annum.

Of the total, 365,570 are white, and 337,563 negro

children. White children, then, increased during the

five-year period 20,707, or at the rate of a little more

than one per cent. per annum, while negro children

increased 11,681, or about three-fifths of one per cent.

per annum. During the five years which preceded

1903, the whites increased at the rate of seven and

three-tenths per cent. and the negroes at the rate of

five and seven-tenths per cent. It would seem, there-

for, that the negroes, always less in number than the

whites, are not holding their own relatively but are

pt~adily falling behind in th~ r~te of ipcre~ser

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SCHOOL ENROLLMENT.
In the matter of school enrollment for the year 1908, the records of the County School Commissioners show that the names of 508,403 children are on their books. This is sixty-nine per cent. of the whole school population. Of these, 306,891 are white children and 201,512 are negro children. About seventy-nine per cent. of white children and fifty-eight per ce:nt. of negro cbildren,as shown by these figures, enrolled themselves in the schools. There is here, then, no justification for the oft repeated statement that negro children in Georgia are deriving a greater benefit from the common school fund than white children. The record reads just the other way.
It is often used as a reproach against the common schools that they reach only sixty-five or seventy per cent. of the school population. Let us examine that proposition a little more closely. I have just shown that about eighty per cent. of the white children are in school and that only fifty-eight per cent. of the negroes have enrolled themselves. The average for both races is sixty-nine per cent. This leaves thirty-one per cent. to be accounted for.
It must be remembered that the school age is from six to eighteen years and, therefore covers a period of twelve years. But the common schools have been interpreted to be elementary schools of seven grades. Assuming, then, that a child completes a grade each year (and this can easily be done), he will complete the entire common school course in seven years or by the time he is thirteen years of age, if he should begin school at six and continue through consecutive years. There will then be before him five years of the common

8
school age in which he can not attend a public school because he has already received the schooling to which he is entitled at public expense. Now, it may fairly be assumed, likewise, that there are nearly as many children between thirteen ana eighteen years of age as between eight and thirteen. If this be so, fully fortytwo per cent. of children of school age have passed beyond thirteen years,the age at which they might have finished the common school studies; and, doubtless, very many have really done so. Let us say, then, that onethird of the forty-two per cent. have. If this is a true allowance, then, practically all the whites are accounted for, as it has already been shown that seventy-nine per cent. of white children were enrolled last year; and fourteen per cent. added to seventy-nine per cent. makes ninety-three per cent., leaving only seven per cent. of whites comparatively untouched by the schools. This small group alone is apparently not in school regularly, and constantly recruits the lingering and sinister band of white illiterates. This band must be destroyed.
That this reasoning is approximately accurate, is borne out in a measure by the census which shows that of white children about one-third of the number mentioned, or two and four-tenths are totally illiterate. A similar deduction would account for about seventy-two per cent. of negro children, leaving the whereabouts of twenty-eight per cent. unexplained except upon the hypothesis that they were not in school last year and do not attend school regularly at any time. The census would seem to confirm this hypothesis, too, for it shows about one-third of twenty.:.eight, or nineund three-tenths per cent. of illiteracy among negro children over ten years of age. This is, however, not a source of wonder, for the negro is hardly two generations removed from

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slavery and the economic condition of the race would seem to keep an even larger proportion of negro children permanently out of school.
ILLITERACY.
As to illiteracy in Georgia, our census demonstrates that eleven and five-tenths per cent. of children over ten years of age can not read, which means that there are still 84,380 illiterates in the State, of whom about 20,000 are white children, and for the neglect of whom there is no adequate excuse. This is simply appalling, when we consider that we have been working on the problem of public education for white children one hundred and twenty-six years and have maintained our common school system in its present form for more than forty years. To be sure, the systematic lack of system iIi educational affairs required by the intense individualism of our people, is chargeable with much of the inefficiency of our schools and the lack of results attained by them; and a wise reorganization of them and a more adequate supervision are much to be desired. But even then there will remain a small portion of our . people to whom education makes no appeal. Since the last previous census in 1903, the total of illiteracy has been reduced only one and six-tenths per cent. At that rate, we shall wait fifty years yet and expend more than $100,000,000 before we shall banish illiteracy entirely, and be rid of its curse. I know the conservatism of our people and their natural aversion to governmental interference with the home and its affairs, and I have been slow to come to any conclusion that the State should add its authority to parental control over children. But to temporize longer with the sodden ignorance or stupid indifference of a few whites, who, wanting in a Senl;}

10
of parental responsibility, still deny their children the most natural and rudimentary rights, is unpardonable folly. In this illiterate residuum is where society most easily and most often breaks down and government fails.
It will cost far more in money and in tears to punish
the steady flow of criminals that issue from it than to educate the whole mass. But to educate it is vastly safer, juster, more humane. If we may tax the ninety or ninety-five percent. of our people and distrain and sell their property for public education, why, by a parity of reasoning, may we not compel the untaught few who defy society and its conventions, to avail themselves of the opportunities which this taxation procures for them and their children? Enforced school attendance is a complement to taxation for educational purposes and a supplement to Child Labor Laws. We have long since admitted the principle. Why shrink from a mild and beneficent application of it? The schools have done what they could; and, in spite of them, ignorance, as is its nature, still propagates and perpetuates itself.
It would seem, therefore, high time for the State to
assert its authority and lodge with school officials, to be used in their discretion, some reasonable power to regulate school attendance and to rescue neglected children from enforced ignorance and consequent depravity, giving them, notwithstanding their parents, a chance in life.
A sentiment of this kind is rapidly forming in Georgia; and, unless it is heeded, it will ultimately crystallize into an imperative demand for drastic compllisory education. And the demand, once come, like Banquo's ghost, will not down at your bidding.

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HIGH SCHOOLS.
One unmistakable indication of increasing efficiency in the common schools is to be found in the fact that there were 17,253 children in High Schools in 1908 as against 14,936 in 1907. This is an increase for the year of fifteen per cent., which is highly satisfactory and shows that common schools are stimulating, as they ought, a demand for an education beyond what they can supply. But there is something of a tragedy here, too. If they should become increasingly efficient and should develop ambitions for a higher scholarship in a still greater number of children, can those ambitions be gratified? Are there High' Schools enough and convenient enough? Let us see. It is almost universally regarded as a rule that of ten pupils who enter the elementary schools, one will work his way through and enter schools of the secondary class. Since we have 735,471 educable children, under the rule one-tenth of them ought to be set apart as ultimate secondary school pupils. One-tenth is 73,547. But against this we can show in this our best year only 17,253 pupils pursuing secondary courses. The reason is obvious. There are only 306 secondary schools in the State. There is, therefore, but one school of this rank for each 2,500 children; and according to the rule each school ought to enroll 250 pupils. The record shows that the aver.age school enrolled between fifty-five and sixty pupils, or about one-fifth of that number.
Now, all who are conversant with educational conditions in Georgia, know that towns and cities are supporting High Schools and that the country districts are dependent upon urban kindness for education of that grade. This is true, because rural population is

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so sparse and rural values are so low that generally, if taxed for the purpose, they would not yield enough revenue to adequately support an expensive High School. This might be remedied if public school money could be used additionally. But the Constitution forbids its use in any except elementary schools. The result is that the great open country is not supplied with High Schools and that country children are estopped in great part from receiving that type of education. This would not matter so much, if there were enough of such urban schools in the State or if every town maintained one. But this is not true. The field is so large that twice as many and four times a~ good schools would not overwork it. We have 300 High Schools-we need 600 at least. But we shall never have them until an unfavorable Constitution is amended, so that every community that desires to do so may use, under proper restrictions, the public money in part for High School purposes. This matter so vitally affects our rural population it is amazing they have submitted to the discrimination so long without a protest.
SCHOOL FUND.
It was reported last year that $3,011,768.46 constituted the total available fund for common school purposes during 1907. During the succeeding twelve months that sum grew to $3,786,830.74, which was an increase of about $775,000 in a single year-a truly admirable achievement! The total fund is made up of the State appropriation, of local tax moneys, of tuitional charges, and of convict hire. But by far the largest increase was in the item of local tax. This shows that our people are rapidly learning that educa-

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tion is not only a State, but a community problem and that in local taxation lies the only hope of all men, and particularly of men whose means are limited, that their children may have adequate educational advantages. Learning this, they are becoming interested in a lively way and are relying as never before upon themselves in working out proper conditions for their several communities. But, while this is true, we are far, very far yet from doing all that our people might do in developing and maintaining better schools.
The per capita of each child for 1907, based upon the legislative appropriation for that year and the census of 1903, was $2.434. For 1908, it was $2.825. This increase of thirty-nine cents per child is responsible for the great progress manifest throughout the entire common school system and in most of the counties of the State. That progress was still furthe"r quickened by the increase of the per capita to $3.046 for the current year. Unless all sign~ fail, the present year will show in all respects the greatest growth the system has known and that the total school fund will go to quite $4,000,000. This ought to encourage the General Assembly to deal still more generously with the schools, for the more they have been helped, the more they have helped themselves, and for the additional reason that Georgia still remains too low in the list of States with respect to the amount contributed to public education.
SCHOOL HOUSES.
We built last year 292 schoolhouses at a total cost of $614,398. The average value of these houses was more than $2,000. At the same time 462 houses were repaired at a cost of $63,931. ~ About $700,000 were. spent then, in permanent improvements during the

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year. Of this amount, comparatively little was derived from the school fund. Possibly, three dollars for every one received from other sources came as a contribution directly from the pockets of the people who built the houses, demonstrating their interest in the matter. To show what an accomplishment that was, let me illustrate. The average duration of the schools last year was 115 days. For each school day, two and one-half houses were built and four patched, painted, or otherwise repaired; and at the same time nearly threequarters of a million dollars were added to the value of the common school plants throughout the State. If the facts here set forth indicate anything, it is that the days when' children must be educated anywhere in loghouses and shanties scarcely fit for cow barns, are passing away in Georgia and that henceforth our people will be content with nothing less than the very best possible lJhysical surroundings for their children.
They are beginning to see that environment is quite as potent a factor in education as is teaching; and, in order to still further encourage the building of good
sc"hoolhouses, it would be well to amend the law so as
to empower school boards to employ the public fund in the erection of such. This would give education a tremendous impetus in all sections of the State. A fundamental need of every community is a good~school house. No community can thrive in any way without one; and until all are supplied with such, we certainly may not expect any educationa) advancement. Not all the money of the Treasury, poured into some communities of the State, would produce a perceptible uplift in the social and educational status, if, as a condition of receiving such bounties, it were required that

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existing buildings alone should be used and no others built. Good buildings, I repeat, are a fundamental necessity; and our Boards of Education may be trusted, I think, to build them wisely. The only reason why they were ever denied the power to do so was because it was desired to save all the money possible from scant appropriations for the actual maintenance of schools. That policy has been tried conclusively and it has failed. Many communities are still disgraced by disreputable buildings; and in no such community is there, or can there be, a good school. Let us try a more liberal policy and see if better results will not quickly come.
CONDEMNING SCHOOL SITES.
Furthermore, complaint has reached me a number of times this year that in certain districts, where everything was ready for school improvement and money in hand for building, eligible sites could not be had either by gift or purchase, property owners, generally for extremely selfish, but sometimes for spiteful, reasons, refusing to part with such lots as would be suitable. In one or two instances, a ~ot could not be secured anywhere in the district and no school could be operated at all. In these cases, it seems that the Board of Education, in executing the law requiring the county to be accurately districted, have laid off boundaries which did not please certain large and possible absentee landholders, who retaliated by combining in a refusl;l,l to convey to the Board any of their holdings whatever. In other instances, sites could be had but they were of the poorest and most unsatisfactory kind. To remedy a possible recurrence of such things and to aid school officials in locating schools properly, I recommend that Boards of Edu~;ltion be empowerl:ld to condemn sites

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whenever it may be necessary to further the interests of the schools under their supervision.
LENGTHENED SCHOOL TERM.
By far the most significant evidence of the increasing efficiency of the common schools and of the awakened interest of the people generally is to be found in the lengthening of the average school term from 115 days to 132 days, which occurred last year. This was an addition of seventeen days, or almost an entire month, in a single year and was a consummation greatly to be longed for. It could not have been brought about by the will of the Boards of Education alone. They would not have ordered such a thing over the protests of the 'people and they did not have money enough to do it, if they had desired. It could have been done only by the cooperation and financial assistQ,nce of the people themselves, showing that they are becoming eager and solicitous -that all child'reneverywhere in the State shall have the best possible opportunities for self-improvement. If the term can be still further lengthened to. seven and a half or eight months, it will be as long as it probably ever can be with profit in the rural districts. It is already nine months long in all of our towns and cities practically.
SALARIES OF TEACHERS.
There is one further improvement to be noted. It will be observed that there was a slight increase in the average monthly salary paid teachers. The increase amounts to about one dollar per month for all classes of teachers. This seems trifling; but, when it is remembered that these teachers were employed nearly a month longer than they were during the previous year, the in-

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crease becomes quite respectable. If we can keep up the advance that is being made in the matter of salaries and lengthening of school terms for a few years, we shall solve in a measure the most serious problem that confronts the common schools, the problem of procuring and retaining competent teachers. Short terms, low salaries, uncertain payments, and an uncertain tenure of position have very nearly driven capable teachers out of the profession, and delivered the schools over to young, untrained, and untried men and women -chiefly women. It is not meant that we are yet paying satisfactory salaries or that we have reached a point in the upward tendency where we may rest. There can be no rest in this particular, without irremediable havoc to the schools, until teachers are paid salaries somewhat equivalent to what is given for service in other lines of endeavor. At present, the annual income of teachers from their labors is almost equivalent to. that of cooks and butlers, and is a reproach to school systems and the shame of the teaching profession.
In this connection it may be well, gentlemen, to direct your attention again to the financial arrangements for the payment of teachers in vogue in the State. The last General Assembly made an appropriation more generous in amount for the schools than had ever been given before, and ordered that this sum should be taken directly from the Treasury and from funds not otherwise disposed of. The provision of a lump sum direct from the Treasury was a very kindly act, for, before that time, the school appropriations liad been made up of financial odds and ends and there was always more or less uncertainty about the amount and the receipt of it. Thljre is still uncertainty in this last particular, for

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we are still running the schools on a credit, there never being money enough in the Treasury "not otherwise appropriated" until the taxes of the year are collected in midwinter. The result is that while the teachers do the greater part of their work during the first of the year, they are not paid until the last of the year, or the first of the following.
BORROWING MONEY.
From this distressing condition, there are but two means of escape and both of them are distressing. One is for the teacher to discount the acceptance of the County School Commissioner as best she can, which is usually at the rate of from ten to twenty-five per cent.; and the other for the County Board of Education to borrow money and pay her promptly. While, even with this last device, she had to pay the interest, her salary being reduced for that purpose, it was a distinct kindness to her that Boards of Education employed it; and it had become a very general practice of Boards throughout the State. But recently, the Court of Appeals, in the case of "The Board of Education of Miller County vs. Fudge et al.; and Williams, County School Commissioner, vs. Board of Education of Miller County," held, "The power to make arrangements for the efficient operation of schools, conveyed by Section 1363 of the Political Code of 1895, does not include the power to borrow money." In the face of this decision, many Boards have refrained from all effort to procure money otherwis~ than from this Department for the prompter payment of teachers and they are not to be blamed; for it could be secured only by the members of Boards pledging t~eir personal credit. Now, if these Boards are to be held responsjbl~ for th~ faithflJ;1 and

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efficient operations of the schools under, their ~per vision and if the State proposes to continue the slipshod methods of financing the schools it has employed since their inception, Boards of Education, by every dictate of .reason and common sense, ought to be vested with the power to borrow money in their official capacity and without becoming personally liable for it. If this is not done, it is hard to see how the schools can be operated at all during certain seasons or how they can ever be maintained anywhere or at any time satisfactorily. No private business could be conducted in this fashion a week.
To accentuate the necessity of vesting Boards of Education with this power, I beg leave to cite the following facts. It is now the first of June. Every county in the State has operated its schools for a greater or less period during the spring, some for five full months, none probably for less than three months. .F'rom onehalf to three-fourths of all the time which the public fund will allow has been taught out. Only twenty per cent. of the year's apportionment has been paid. 'the Treasury, by reason of the withdrawal of nearly a million dollars in February for pensions, barely allowed that. How then can teachers get the balance of what is due them before next December unless through the Board's willingness and power to borrow? W"illingness! I go further, and say that if a Board operates its schools at all and has not money from the State to pay promptly for service rendered, it ought to borrow; and that duty ought to be unmistakably expressed in the letter of the law.

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THE McMICHAEL BILL.
The McMichael Bill, which was amended into its present form August 22, 1907, provides that Count), Boards of Education shall layoff their counties into districts of approximately sixteen square miles in area and that when this is done, under orders from the Board, voters of such districts shall elect local trustees. This Department is informed that very frequently, unless a local tax has been voted, the people esteem the office of local trustee so little that they pay no attention to the orders for election and allow it to go by default and that, in other cases, men out of sympathy with the County Board are chosen for the trusteeship and create trouble. The office of school trustee is really an important one and ought not to be discredited in either of the ways above mentioned. To preserve its usefulness, then, it would seem to be wise to amend Section II of the McMichael Bill, so as to allow County Boards to appoint trustees in all districts where local taxation does not prevaiL Such an amendment would enable County Boards to keep all their districts completely organized, give them the advice, counsel, and sympathy of men whom they could perfectly trust, and might even prove a great stimulus to local taxation for educational purposes. This may seem a somewhat trivial matter, but in the administration of a county's system of schools, the amendment would mean a great deal and would make for peace, harmony, and efficiency.
BOOK ADOPTION.
The first contract for boo15:s, made in 1903, under the authorization of the Uniform Text-book Bill, expired December 31, 1908. On November 19, 1908, the State

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Schoolbook Commission made another adoption for the ensuing five years, instead of renewing the contracts about to expire, thereby saving to counties like Cherokee, Clinch and White, which had been exempted from the operations of the law by reason of the existence of county contracts, and to numerous city systems which had never used State books, the benefits of exchange prices for twelve months. The Commission was very conservative and, acting upon the information given by a great number of teachers and school officials whose opinions showed that the first list of books was overloaded and top-heavy, dropped for that reason, one arithmetic, one grammar, one primer, and two physiologies. Several courses were thought to be greatly defective in that the subjects lWere presented from too many points of view by differen~authors, causing either a lack of connectedness or a too frequent and needless repetition, wasting thus both the pupil's and the teacher's time and effort. This was amended particularly in the case of arithmetics and grammars. Vertical writing was abandoned in favor of a neat, plain, and conservative slant system; and the entire series of adopted books were rearranged in a new course of study. It is believed that the course which results is simpler, twenty per cent. cheaper, and fifty per cent. stronger than before. The Commission does not pretend that the course is yet perfect. It is aware of numerous other defects; but these did not appear of sufficient moment to hazard the confusion of a radical change.
Elsewhere in this volume will be found a list of books sold under the contract of 1903. The name, the separate and collective cost of each book, and the nnmbel' and cost of all books sold is given. These figures

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were furnished by the book companies which had con tracts with the State. They are presumably accurate, and make the entire book bill for the five-year period m~ding December 31st last, to be $749,024.91, or an average of $149,804.98 a year. Assuming the average enrollment for those years to have been 450,000 children -a low estimate-the cost per capita would be thirtythree cents. From this it would appear that even cheap books under a State adoption is no especial inducement to parents to supply their children with the full list needed, for thirty-three cents is hardly the average price of the books adopted, or else that one book was made to work over time. However this may be, here is irrefutable demonstration that book bills are no great burden in this State.
COUNTY ScmOOL COMMISSIONERS.
It can not be said too often that the County School Commissioner is at the strategic center of all school operations; and that as he is so will be his schools. If this is true, and there can be little doubt of it, the office ought to receive more recognition than it has ever had. In a political way it has amounted to little and ought to amount to less,-for it ought to be an office .above the schemes of cliques and beyond the strife of partisans,-but in a social way no official position in Bny county is more powerful for either good or evil. It reaches with its silent but pervasive influence, whether consciously or not, every home and hearthstone all over the land and determines to a greater or less degree not merely the moral tone of the home but the practical efficiency of its members as well. It is but a trite . statement, then, that these men ought to be the best procurable. By "best" is not meant merely the morally

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best. Their morals, of course, should be above reproach and unimpeachable. But many may have this qualifi~ cation and still be utterly incompetent. These men should have,' in addition to their perfect moral fitness, professional fitness and competence. They ought to be trained men-not only men who know but men who know how to do, to lead, to bring things to pass; and in each county there ought to be suc}l a man giving his entire time and thought to the work of organizing schools, ordering the courses of study, training and directing teachers, conducting institutes, holding conferences, and developing in the system its tens of thousands of latent posibilities for good, which only a competent man can find.
But such men are rare. It is useless to seek them. They may be found only by holding up as an attraction for them positions big with promise and bulging with opportunity. A commissionership in Georgia is actually not such a position. There are scarcely half a dozen in all the hundred and forty-six counties that a man may hold and live by. This being true, the great majority are held by men who rely in part upon other work or enterprises for a living, giving the affairs of this office but a portion of their time and thought. Notwithstanding this, the commissioners of the State are, on the whole,_ good men, and with proper encouragement could and would do a great work. But they have not the encouragement. Little is given them and little is expected of them. The beggarly "three dollars," which is their daily allowance when on duty, keeps the wolf constantly at their doors. The law which fixes their compensation must be amended or repealed before we can hope with reason for more fruitful labor on their part. It ought to have been repealed long ago. It

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never did provide adequate compensation for capable men. There is not a county in the State that ought to pay less than $900 for supervision, for no really competent man will long serve for less; and yet that is amost the maximum salary. Only half a dozen counties exceed that sum. To spend money for irregular, desultory and perfunctory supervision is grossest extravagance. It must be active, thorough, skilled, if it amounts to anything worth while. "But," says one, "we are paying well for the service we get." This proposition is not admitted. But suppose it is granted -when shall we get better service ~ The answer is simple. It will be rendered when better salaries are paid. Otherwise, not at all.
The thought of the average man, however, is that, inasmuch as the Commissioner does not actually teach, so much as is paid for his services is just that much diverted from the schools and lost to them. This is not true. Dr. Rice demonstrated conclusivelY a few years since that a system having weak supervision and individually strong teachers did infinitely poorer work than a system with stro~g supervision and individually weak teachers. We must get a clear comprehension of this fact that in Georgia the great mass of our common school teachers is by reason of low salaries and lack of opportunity for proper training, unskilled and inexperienced. Of course, here and there are splendid exceptions and it is to be hoped that the exceptions will greatly multiply. But for the present we must deal with unskilled and untrained teachers chiefly. The Commissioner alone has access to them. If, therefore, he has skill and training .and time and opportunity, all of which he ought to have, he can make of the majority of young men and women who seek employment in his

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schools fairly good and efficient teachers in a shorter period than one would suppose possible. Here then is our true policy-,-to get good superintendents and trust them to create good teacl4.ng. Stinting in a niggardly way those who alone can develop our school system and spending great sums for an army of untried teachers, each of whom will become, as soon as he has a license and a contract in his pocket, a law unto himself, marks us as "penny wise and pound foolish."
TEACHERS' INSTITUTES.
Just here it may be pertinent to speak of the Teachers' Institutes. The law creating them was passed in 189l. It authorizes the Board of Education "to pay from the educational fund of each county an amount not to exceed twenty-five dollars per annum for the purpose ofsecuring the services of an expert in conducting the week's session of the institute." Now, institutes are good, they are necessary, they are indispensable. But they have been" queered" by the provision of the law I have just cited. Twenty-five dollars for an expert who must quit home, travel, pay all expenses, and work like a horse for a whole week! Truly what kind of an expert was it thought possible to secure for that magnificent sum ~ Would any skillful lawyer or doctor or other professional man accept the conditions and serve a single day for itT . Neither will the really expert teacher, except he do it as a matter of friendship for some commissioner or from a profound and ullusual sense of duty. The result is that in many instances the twenty-five dollars are literally thrown away, wasted on some incompetent, whom, by a straining of both the law and extreme courtesy at the same time, we may call "expert."

26
This institute work ought to be done by the commissioner himself or by some man of undoubted ability. In any case the clause I have quoted ought to be stricken from the law, as it, in effect, has caused the institute to come to be regarfled by the teachers not as an "innocuous, " but a really" nocuous desuetude. " And they are right. To reestablish it in original vigor and influence and make it a thing of permanent usefulness, the institute law must be changed, and the institute itself reorganized and put upon a new basis, and infused with a new spirit. This suggestion has been adopted in some counties already and with good results. In these counties, the technical expert has been dispensed with. But even in these counties the presence and the service of interesting men and women from the outside occasionally are an inspiration and a stimulus. When this is needed, the commissioner and his Board ought to be competent to determine what that service is worth to them.
One other feature of this law needs consideration. It requires the attendance of teachers during one week of ef!.ch year upon t.qe institute but provides no compensation for the same. This appears to be bad policy. Year before last the average salary paid first grade white teachers of the country schools was a little more than thirty dollars a month for five and three~fourths months. This was an annual salary, at that rate, of $172.50. This sum divided among twelve months (for teachers must live twelve months in the year whether they work or not) gives for each month fourteen dollars and forty-five cents as an income. Now, to leave home, as nine out of ten teachers must do in order to attend an institute, and pay transportation, and board for a week, would easily cost them fifteen dollars and wipe

27
out one month's entire income. For first grade teachers, who are the envied of their fellows, this is an almost unbearable hardship; but what must it be for the third grade teacher who did not receive twenty-five dollars a month ~ To take this money from these teachers under the compulsion of law seems almost as heinous as robbing a needy child on a highway. Justice to the children who are taught, (not even considering the rights of the teacher) demands a revision of this law and un allowance of a per diem to the teacher, for these teachers are as truly in the service of the State during institute week and are under as great expense as they will be later when they enter their schoolrooms. In order that we may get excellent service from teachers, their burdens should be made as light as possible, for their lot is trying; and it is not in human nature to impart its best when continually annoyed by debt and inability to face the bill collector with an easy smile. Soured, harassed, embittered teachers are a curse to the children that sit at their feet and a source of disgust to all with whom they come in contact.
NEEDS OF THE DEPARTMENT.
The following topic I approach with misgivings, because of possible misconstruction. But I take the chances of being misunderstood for "the good of the service," as it were. In 1887, twenty-two years ago, was passed the law by which the Department of Education is still regulated. Since then there has been neither increase nor diminution of the office force and the salaries then annexed to the two places still prevail. Two of us, with the assistance of a stenographer, "keep books," the amounts handled being quite two-fifths
oi th~ State's entire revenue, check up the accounts of

28
all the Commissioners of the State, prepare the statistical data that must be always on hand, prepare blank forms for reports of various kinds, inspect the reports themselves, send out examination questions and instructions of all kinds for all teachers and officials, read examination papers, interpret school laws, sit as a court in case of appeals, issue commissions to officials, and keep up with a burdensome and constantly growing correspondence. These are but some of the more prominent duties which devolve upon the incumbent of my office. He and his assistant must keep eternally busy if they would not be overwhelmed by accumulating duties and hard driven by their exactions. In fact, the work now required of them is too much, and could not have been intended for so few workers. In 1887, there were in the State but 508,722 educable children. There are now a quarter of a million more. In 1887, the enrollment was 342,294. Last year it was 508,403, or nearly 200,000 more. In 1887, the gross State fund was $493,509.52. Last year it was $2,000,000, or nearly five times as much. And yet, in spite of this growth, and the increase of work that growth entails, we are staggering along with the same force. I find that Judge Hook in the Biennial Report of 1888-9, quotes the following from Commissioner Orr's prior report:
"The work in the office of the State School Commissioner has greatl~ increased with the extension of the school work. The Commissioner is compelled to devote himself to purely clerical labors. For months past he has been confined to his desk without intermission from seven to nine hours a day. H~ is allowed one clerk. This clerk has labored from ten to twelve hours a day and sometimes longer. . . . . After
!;tIl this expenditure of earnest labor! the work pf t4~

29
office is often much behind. I must,. therefore, renew the request made in the last report that the Commissioner be allowed to employ an additional clerk or expend a limited sum in procuring additional clerical aid at such times as the pressure of labor may make the same necessary."
If this condition was real twenty years ago, and two Commissioners unite in bearing testimony to that fact, what must it be today when the work of the office has increased along all lines from fifty to one hundred per cent., and many additional duties devolve upon it which. were not imposed then nor even dreamed of~ Dr. Orr was right. Judge Hook was right. They were oppressed with work then. The office is simply submerged now and has become a sort of educational clearinghouse. It can hardly be more, for the pressure of purely clerical work is vastly too heavy.
This is not as it should be. The State is entitled to something more than clerkly labor from the Department; but it can not reasonably expect more until the Department is properly manned for the service it should render.
Can we afford an increased force~ We can not afford not to have it. The work is too important not to be done in the best possible way; and at present, it is not and can not be, except in the matter of clerical details. These are carefully and promptly looked after, leaving no time for other and quite as important things. Initiative and originative plans beyond the mere routine, though many are in mind, are barred by the physical limitations of the Department.
But consider for a moment the financial proposition. We shall disburse this year through the Department
9i Ed"\lc~tion $2,500?000 approximatell' The salary

30
roll of the Department is $4,100 per annum, or a little more than one-tenth of one per cent. of what passes through our hands. The entire cost of operating the Department, including the supplies of every kind furnished to the County Boards of Education, will not reach five-tenths of one per cent. Then, too, our entire force costs the State less than do several heads of other Departments; while there are few other heads of Departments who receive less than both my assistant and myself together. The salary of each of these, { believe, is but $200 less than our combined salaries. Such discrimination against this Department has, I submit, a tendency to degrade and belittle all for which it stands. But this is not the point. If the State can afford to pay (and it ought) other Departments well, by what process of reasoning is the conclusion arrived at that the Department of Education must go short-handed on account of poverty ~ It is a pernicious policy at best that cripples the Department, and that policy is responsible for much of the lack of efficiency at times manifest in the schools.
EDUCATIONAL CAMPAIGN.
The prescribed duties of the Cbmmissioner in part are, "to visit, as often as possible, the several counties of the State for the purpose of examining into the administration of the school law in said counties, of counselling with school officers, of delivering popular addresses, of inspecting school operations, and of doing such other acts as he may deem subservient to the interests of popular education." These duties I have performed as literally and as conscientiously as the exactions of my desk would permit, often working all day and travelling all night, and night after night; for I

31
believed., and still do believe, the statute quoted outlines an absolutely important and indispensable service which may not at any time be permitted to halt without loss to every interest involved. I have thus kept up, as best I could alone, a continuous campaign for education throughout the State, which has been productive of some good results. But the field is vast, the laborers are few, and abundant harvests rot where they grow for want of reapers. It is a great misfortune that the Department h~s not force enough at its command to touch in this personal way each county in the State at least once a year.
This constant commingling with our people of every class and of every section has convinced me that all Georgians believe profoundly and implicitly in the eftkacy of education, and are trying as best they know how to supply their children with facilities for it. It may be doubted whether in all the nearly six thousand schooldistriets in the State twenty have suffered themselves to be without a teacher during the year; and there is a school, such as it is, within the average distance of a mile and a half of every educable child. And these schools are, I may add, as good as the communities desire, else public opinion would compel better. Schools are social barometers and indicate as nothing else does, the culture, the intelligence, and the aspirations of the people that patronize them. The school and the community react upon each other. As is one, so is the other. The pity of it is that the school in too many, many instances is of such low order. To better it we must not only work directly upon it but must educate the community in which it is situated as well, pointing that community to examples of better social life and imbuing it with higher educational ideals. Here, then, lies the

32
limitless field of service for the Department of I~Jduca tion and the Department ought to be equipped to make the most of it.
CONCLUSION.
Now, gentlemen, I am aware that one has little right to point out defects unless he is ready with a remedy. Whatever is, is better than nothing at all. Bills will be offered you which seek to amend many-not, all-of the imperfections of our school law and to develop a more perfect organization of our school system. These have been thoughtfully worked out by practical school men who seek nothing but the highest social good of all our people through the reorganization of our educational forces. I trust you will find these bills wise, practical, and conservative. They will, I am quite sure, if they become law, thoroughly modernize the somewhat worn and obsolete machinery of our schools, reduce them to something like system, mid render them more fit for the tasks to be imposed upon them. True, the reorganization wil~ demand a little more money. Improvements generally do. Education always will. Nothing is more costly than education except ignorance. We are engaged in a fight against ignorance and its brood of curses. They must be banished at any cost. This is what our people want and what they demand at your hands and mine. This deep-rooted human desire of theirs is voiced in an eloquent plea by a young woman, now a student in one of our Normal Schools, who sees with the vision of a prophet and speaks with the wisdom of a sage: "Cherish the rights of the children! Create. the facilities for their education-amply, lavishly! And thank God fervently that in better schools you create an agency in the whir and stir of this money-

33 mad world that dreams first and most, not about the making of gold, but about the making of men that are finer than gold-'Yea, finer than the golden wedge of Ophir;' and that busies itself with making your daughters to be like the King's daughter-' all glorious within.' "
Respectfully submitted, JERE M. POUND,
State School Commissioner.
2-de

34
CIRCULAR LETTERS OF THE STATE SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
June 1, 1908.
1'0 the County School Commissioner:
I shall send you, on or about the 15th of June, the questions for the annual examination, which is to occur on the 19th and 20th of the month. We shall take great care in this office that these questions and their answers are not disclosed to anyone, and we hope, that wheIJ the questions are received by you, they will be kept with great vigilance and opened only in th~ presence of the applicants in the examination room.
The questions, this year, are not intended to develop so much, as heretofore, the exactness and scope of the scholarship of those who take the examination, as they are to show their preparation and training for teaching. It will be impossible, therefore, to give as many exact answers ,as in the past. The Commissioner in estimating the answers, and in grading them, will have to exercise good judgment in weighing their sense and reasonableness.Fitness for teaching, instead of mere scholarship, is the one thing that we seek to develop through these questions.
With best wishes, I am,
Very truly yours,
JERE M. POUND, State Schoo~ Commissioner.

35
June 10, 1908.
To the County School Commissioner:
I contemplate a rather aggressive campaign for education in Georgia, and am considering, as a part of the plan, the holding of a convention of members of Boards of Education and desire your opinion upon the following plan:
First, would it be feasible to attempt to gather Board members in one great State convention at some central point, say Macon, during the latter part of August or the first of September~
Secondly, or would it be better to divide this into four or five conventions, which shall be held in different sections of the State ~
Thirdly, or would it be better to hold them in Con-
gressional Districts?
I wish you would feel free to advise me about the whole scheme after consulting with each of the members of your Boards of Education and finding out their sentiments about the same. It seems to me that if we can get the eight or nine hundred members of Boards of Education, scattered throughout the State, intensely interested in the subject of education, we may expect very hopeful results. But advise me freely about the matter, and at your earliest possible convenience, after consulting with the members of your Boards.
. Be on the lookout for the examination questions, which will be forwarded to you early next week. The same rules will obtain in this examination as in the preceding ones. If the questions have not reached you by

36
Wednesday afternoon, June 17, please notify the Department as quickly as possible. I am,
Very truly yours, JERE M. POUND.
August 18, 1908.
To the County Schooll Commissioner:
The governor has vetoed the bill extending until 1911 the book adoption which expires January 1, 1909. This makes another adoption in the near future absolutely necessary and unavoidable. The duty of adopting a new series of texts or of making new contracts for the old is assigned by law to the State Board of Education. In the performance of this duty, the Board wishes to be wisely conservative and, to this end, it desires your advice. I will thank you, therefore, to answer frankly and fearlessly, without reference to any interest. but that of the children and the schools over which you preside, the questions to be found on the following page and to send me your answers at the earliest possible moment.
The Convention of County Board Members, about which I sought your advice recently, has been made impossible this year by force of circumstances. It is a matter which I will consider seriously next year in counection with the Convention of County School Commissioners; or, if it is thought best by the majority of Commissioners, we may, about that time, hold a separate convention for the Board Members. At any rate, I have not abandoned the scheme,-only postponed it.
Very truly yours, JERE M. POUND,
8tcde School Commissioner,

37
1. Below will be found a list of books adopted fOJ: the common schools of Georgia. Indicate thus: " X" those which have proven unsatisfactory:
Graded Literature-First Reader. Graded Literature-Second Reader. Lee's Third Reader. Lee's Fourth Reader. Lee's Fifth Reader. Bacon's Primary and Intermediate Arithmetic. Wentworth's Practical Arithmetic. Milne's Standard Arithmetic, new edition. Hyde's Course in English, Book I. Reed & Kellogg's Graded Lessons in English (New Edition, 1901).
Buehler's Modern English Grammar. Frye's Elementary Geography. Frye's Higher Geography. Beginner's History of Our Country. Field's United States History. Evans' History of Georgia. Hunnicutt's Agriculture. Hutcheson's Lessons in Physiology and Hygiene, Book 1.
Conn's Elementary Physiology. Coleman's Elements of Physiology. Peterman's Civil Government (Georgia Edit!op.), Wheeler's Graded Primer, Holton's Primer. Branson's Speller, First Book. Swinton 's Work Book of English Spellin~. Roudebush Copy Books. With 40 pages writing tablet.
Wit}! 30 p~6'es wrjtws- t(tblet,

38

With 70 pages writing surface.

With 50 pages writing surface.

2. In what respect have these failed to give satis-

faction T Criticise fully.

3. May any of these texts be dropped from the

course without harm to it T If so, name such.

4. Are other books needed to "round out" the

course T If so, in what subjects T

5. Is the sequence of texts in all subjects close T

If not, indicate in what subject or subjects improve-

ment can be made.

6. As a whole, does this series of books give satis-

faction and provide a well-rounded course T

Sign your name

_

I>ate__________________ Address

_

(I>etach sheet with your answers and return it.)

ATLANTA, GA., Oct. 6, 1908.
To the County School Commissioners:
The Uncle Remus Memorial Association, through its Secretary, Mr. J. G. Lester, has communicated with you probably, giving you its plans for establishing a fitting memorial to the late Joel Chandler Harris. The purpose of the Association is to purchase the old Harris home, "Snap Bean Farm," make a park of it and keep it as a perpetual memorial of this lamented but illustrious friend of the children. Co-operation in everJ legitimat~way with the Association will afford valuable opportunities for imparting some noble sentiments to the children of our several counties and inculcating lessons that ought not to be, and will not be, soon forgot-

39
ten. The Department sympathizes with this movement completely and hopes you may find a way to make it valuable to your schools and their pupils.
I hope in the near future to prepare a program for "Health Day" in our schools. I should have done so already but for the great pressure of other duties. This is a new departure which many are constdering, but which I hope we shall be the first to inaugurate. It contemplates nothing more than the setting apart of a certain portion,of one day each year for talks by local physicians to children and parents about the means of preserving and building up the health of the children and of protecting them from the ravages of the more common diseases. Any physician will, I think, gladly offer his serVices for this purpose; and I hope you will act upon the suggestion here offered you. It is not necessary to wait for a formal program to be outlined. That will come in time. But for the present appoint your own time and make your own program.
In a few days we will send the non-local tax counties a supply of new Monthly Itemized Statement blanks. Please destroy all of t'he old you may have on hand ;1nd use only the new. In filling out the new form please fill in every blank, add the various items separately and bring forward into the Summary. Your balance will sometimes appear on one side and sometimes on the other in the Summary. You need fill only one of the blanks for balance, of course.
Only enough money should be accumulated in the hands of the County Board to meet the current expenses of the month just closing. The law does not seem to contemflate the accumulation of more than this in the hands of County Boards.

40
Please express, in your ordinary correspondence with this Department, if there should be any before the 1st of November, your opinion as to the desirability of a teachers' examination during the winter and of the time at which it should be held.
Very truly yours, JERE M. POUND,
State School Commissioner.

, November 5,.1908.

To the County School Commissioner:-

Yielding to the almost unanimous wishes of the County School Commissioners throughout the State, I am ordering an examination of teachers to be held on the 18th and 19th of December. Two or three days before that time, I shall send out from this office the questions to be submitted to all applicants for license to teach. It may be that I shall not communicate with you again relative to this subject, so I will ask you to
. be on the lookout for the same and to use all reasonable \
vigilance to prevent any possible fraud in the examination.

It would be an excellent thing to require applicants

for license to use pen and ink in the preparation of

their papers. Some of the papers forwarded to me for

permanent license were almost illegible, because pencils

were used, and the papers were greatly smeared in their

transmission to this office. This fact moves me to state

the following rules, about which I trust you will give all

who expect to apply for permanent license, full infor-

mation:

\

41
First. All papers which shall be submitted for permanent license must be written with pen and ink, and great care must be taken in their preparation.
Second. The applicant must make a general average of ninety-five per cent., or over, a~d the grading of the County School Commissioner of each question must be marked on the answer or opposite to it in the margin.
Third. The County School Commissioner will attach firmly to each applicant's papers the certificate which the law requires of him about the applicant.
The first rule seems necessary, for a great number of the papers forwarded to me for permanent license, after the last examination, while good in matter, were in appearance hardly worthy of a child in the upper . grades of the schools taught by these teachers. If it is a good thing to require neatness of pupils, it is a better thing to require neatness of teachers. Precept without practice is rather bad pedagogy.
This examination will not be based very greatly upon any texts suggested for reading, but more stress than usual will be laid upon school law and school management. In the spring examination, the questions will be shaped, in a great part, by Dutton's "School Management" and Dinsmore's" Teaching of a District School." Dutton's "School Management" may be had of the Southern Schoolbook Depository of this city, and Dinsmore's" Teaching of a District School," of the American Book Company, here. Both of these books are fine, but the latter is especially full of good things ~pplicable to country schools and conditions.
On the 19th and 20th of the present month, there will be held in Atlanta a convention of the Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education, and on the 29th!

42.
30th and 31st of December, the Southern Educational Association will convene here in annual session. Both of these conventions, particularly the latter, ought to be of great interest to the school peopl,e of our State. I cordially invite you to be present, and to urge such of your teachers as can afford the expense to attend one or the other, or both of them. Our teachers take too little advantage of such opportunities as these. I know they feel hardly able to spend much money this way, but more of them are able to do it than really do, and these are the ones whom I desire you to urge to make use of such opportunities for self-improvement and for the uplift of your school system.
Most of the counties are now opening up their schools for another session. Let us make the new year, if pos:" sible, the most satisfactory and successful year in the history of the schools. I pledge you my hearty co-operation to this end. If I can be of any assistance to you at any time, by personal visitation or otherwise, I shall be glad to do so if it is within my power.
With best wishes, I am, Very truly yours,
JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner.
ATLANTA, GA., Dec. 21, 1908.
To the County School Commissioner:
The work of the School Improvement Association will in future, beginning January 1, 1909, be directed from this,Department; and, for this purpose, Mrs. Walter B. Hill, the State Organizer, will be attached to this office,

43
though in an unofficial way. Any communication relative to this work may, therefore, be addressed _to me here or to her in Athens. In either case, it will receive prompt attention.
I trust the work of school improvement may be urged forward very rapidly during the coming year. It is not enough that we should build better school hou!?es. ffhey ought likewise to be prettier and their surroundings more inviting. All this makes for a higher type of manhood and a finer culture. Mrs. Hill and I, one or both, will always be at your command in any endeavor to bring about better conditions along this lin,e. In this connection, may I ask that e~ch of you .will file with me the date of your annual institute or of your monthly meetings of teachers as soon as you have determined the same~ I should like to be with you whenever possible or to have Mrs. Hill visit your county, whether I can or not.
Beginning Jan. 4th and continuing until January 30th, a Cotton School, Farmers' Conference, and Road School will be conducted at the State College of Agriculture, Athens, Ga. A great variety of subjects will be discussed by competent instructors and lecturers. All these subjects will bear upon country life and education. The occasion ought to be very helpful and inspiring. Through the president of the State College of Agriculture, Dr. Andrew M. Soule, who is also the organizer and conductor of this Conference, I am authorized to extend to you and your teachers a most cordial invitation to attend the sessions. I do this In no mere perfunctory way. As you know, it can not be said that we have taught agriculture very efficiently in the common schools, chiefly, because, breaking new ground as we

44
were, we had no trained instructors. This occasion may be the means of improvement in this most important particular.
I am sending you supplies of the new book list and course of study. I shall be glad to have any criticism upon the latter.
If at any time during the year the supply of books in your county should run short, the trouble will probably lie with the local dealers and you had best write at once to the publishers of the missing books. It is their business to keep books in your county; and they will not only appreciate. the notice given but' promptly assist you in getting supplies.
Checks are being sent out now aggregating nearly $400,000.00. Another payment will follow very shortly -possibly within a week.
Wishing you a most happy holiday season, I am Very truly,
JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner:
ATLANTA, GA., January 20th, 1909.
To the' County School Commissioner:
I am sending to some of you, and shall send to the others as soon as another supply is received, a copy of a magnificent Profile Map of the State of Georgia, which has been prepared by the State Railroad Commission and transmitted to me through its chairman, the Hon. S. G. McLendon, for the special use of. the County School Commissioners of the State. The letter in which these maps are donated to the County School

45
Commissioners states that they are to constitute a part of the county school library. These maps are so valuable that I think each commissioner ought to have his framed and suspended in his office. They may be of great use in your institutes in giving such teachers as will carefully study them, a conception of the topography of the State of Georgia, which could be gotten from no other source whatever. I advise the study of these maps in your institutes occasionally, and that each of you write the Hon. S. G. McLendon a letter of thanks for the same.
Please permit me to call your attention to the fact that your annual statistical reports are due on February first. This Department is receiving an occasional report but they are coming in hardly fast enough. Let us have these promptly this year, containing as full statistics as possible, as the credit of our State is at stake in the showing made annually through these reports.
I wish, also, to ask each commissioner to give me a written report of the work done in his county during the year just ended, showing as completely as possible the scope and success of his plans. You will find models of these on page fifty-seven and the succeeding pages of the last annual report of this Department. We have never had a showing of this kind at one time from all of the counties of the State. I would be greatly obliged, therefore, if every commissioner would furnish me with such a statement this year, giving in as great
detail as he may care to, such things of interest in an
educational way as have happened in his county during the year. These reports, I regard as vastly more valu-

46
able and more instructive than the average statistical report, valuable as that is.
Wishing you for the year 1909, all the success possible in your efforts to build up the schools in your county, and pledging you every assistance I can give you, I am
JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner.
February 23, 1909.
To the County School Commissioner:
I sent you some days ago, through the courtesy of the Railroad Commission, a new railroad map of the State, prepared by the Commission. It was contributed through the generosity of the chairman, Hon. S. G. McLendon. He is also having prepared a miniature of the Prifile Map, which I recently sent you for your office, and will give me enough copies to supply all of your teachers with the same. These are to be given the teachers with the compliments of the Railroad Commission. They will be forwarded as soon as they come from the hands of the printers.
I am informed, also, that through the kindness of a great friend to education in Georgia, you will each &hortly receive a mar~ed copy of the February number of the American Magazine. The article to which your attention is called is the one entitled" Sending a State to College." It is a description of the scope, plans, ~ purposes and operations of the great University of Wisconsin, which Dr. Elliott has recently called the foremost American University. The article is well

47
worthy of your close study. While it is a description of the operations of a great University, still there are innumerable suggestions as to what the common schools of a county may do for the county. I hope, therefore, that when you have received this magazine, you will read the article with great interest and care, and find therein something of value to your own county and vicinity.
Please give particular attention to the following: A number of Commissioners have been in the habit of forwarding Itemized Statements, approved only by the President of the County Board of Education, to this department for our inspection and approval. The Attorney-General advises me that this practice is illegal, that the law charges the Board, met in formal session, with the duty of approving these statements, and that it can not delegate to another, .either the President of the Board or any other person, the authorityor the duty of auditing and approving them. I shall have to ask, therefore, that hereafter no commissioner will forward a statement that has not been passed upon by his Board in formal session and that his certificate of the correctness of the statement shall defi nitely cite the date of the meeting at which such statement was approved.
If you have not yet prepared and forwarded to us the annual statistical report of your county, please forward it at once, and do not forget to send me a written review of your year's work for publication in my annual report. lam very anxious that this report shall be as accurate and full an exposition of the school affairs of Georgia as can be made. I know you will enter into my plans in this respect with all cordiality.

48
The next examination of teachers will be held on June 18th and 19th, next.
From my correspondence and observation, I am inclined to believe that the school conditions throughout the State at this time are very fine, and that the month of J anuaryhas been one of the best in the history of the schools. I hope these conditions will prevail until the end of the year, and that you may be more completely satisfied with this year's work than with that of any year which has preceded it.
With best wishes, I am,
Very truly yours,
JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner.
March 30, 1909.
To the County School Commissioner and City Super- _ in'tendent :
I am now making up a requisition for 10 per cent. of the appropriation for 1909. As soon as it can be prepared, checks will be forwarded to all local systems and to such counties as have filed Itemized Statements. These checks will reach you, perhaps, almost as soon as this letter will.
On April 14th-16th, the Conference for Education in the South will hold its annual session in Atlanta. The program for the same is being prepared by Dr."Wickliffe Rose, agent of the Peabody Fund. Dr. Rose is planning this program so that it will deal directly and. immediately with our Southern rural problems. NQ one - in the South has given these problems more profound

49
or intelligent study than he, and no one has a more extensive acquaintance with men throughout the nation who can elucidate them. This session of the Conference, then, promises to be unusually important, and I think every County School Commissioner, teacher, and school official who can possibly attend ought to be present on this occasion. Different from most sessions of the Conference, this session promi~es to be of interest to laymen as well as to teachers and school officials. I urge you, therefore; not only to come, but to bring with you all teachers and laymen whom you can interest in this work.
It is especially desirable that you do this, because on the afternoon of April 16th, it is proposed to hold a notable State Conference, in which it is hoped all organizations interested in education may be represented, and at which our own local conditions may be considered. Help me to make this State Conference an inspiration to every educational effort and movement in the State, and an uplift, particularly, to the Common Schools.
The Executive Committee of the County School Commissioners' Convention met in my office on Tuesday, March 23d, and selected June 29th, 30th, and July 1st as the time of the next meeting, and Tallulah Falls as the place. The meeting was set for a later time than usual, because the hotels at Tallulah Falls will not open before June 1st. The Committee had no option as to place, as that was determined for it by the Convention at Brunswick last year. Programs, hotel and railroad rates will be announced later.
The Georgia Educational Association will hold its annual session on Cumberland Island, June 23d-25th. Programs for this meeting will be announced soon.

50
I presume you have all received the announcements of the State College of Agriculture and of the Southern Cotton Seed Crushers' Association of their intentions to offer prizes, the one for the best display of farm products by school children,' and the other for the best essays on the products of the cotton plants: It seems to me that these prizes ought to stimulate the interests of teachers and children in agriculture. I hope every Commissioner in the State will inform his schools that these prizes are offered, and that he will urge his teachers to insist upon their pupils taking part in these contests.
The Department has not yet received the statistical reports of all the counties, and not more than half the narrative reports. I am especially anxious to have each county fitly represented in my Annual Report. I will ask you, therefore, if you have not forwarded these already, to do so at your earliest convenience, as copy must be put in the printer's hands not later than May 1.
I heartily congratulate you on the continuance of such favorable conditions for school work throughout the State. Good reports come to me from all sections.
Very truly,
JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner.
ATLANTA, GA., September 23, 1908.
To the Publishers of School Text-Books:
The School Book Commission of the State of Georgia, authorized by the Act of the Legislature, approved August 13th, 1903, to adopt a uniform system of text-

51
books for the State as a further step in its investigatiolJ relative to the satisfaction given by the text-books now in use in the State, invite, for the sake of information and comparison, all persons and publishers having textbooks that fulfill the requirements of the law, and that they may desire to offer in place of the books now on the adopted list of the State, in the following subjects, to-wit: Orthography, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography,English Language Lessons, English Grammar, History of Georgia, containing the Constitution of the State of Georgia, History of the United States, containing the Constitution of the United States, Physiology, Hygiene, Elementary Principles of Agriculture and Civil Government, to submit, by mail or express, three copies of the same, with tentative bids including prices and specifications in writing, to the State School Commissioner on or before the 9th day of October, 1908. It is to be understood that the said bids, which are requested above, are not the formal bids required by the statute, but merely tentative bids and specifications which the Board in its discretion may later requ~re to be made in a formal and legal way or reject altogether. It is to be understood further that the Board is not yet in a position to discuss with the agents of the several houses submitting bids of this character, the textbooks which shall be so submitted. I am
Very truly yours,
JERE M. POUND,
Secretary School Book Commission of Georgia.

52
EXAMINATIONS GIVEN BY THE DEPARTMENT DURING THE YEAR.
EXAMINATION JUNE 19, 1908.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. (a) As defined in the Manual of Methods, what is Geography ~ (b) Why must the human element be embodied in any correct definition of Geography~
2. Name the geographical Forms, }1'orces, and Agents.
3. (a) What is Home Geography~ (b) When should it begin~ (c) How should it be condueted~ (d) When should formal Geography begin ~
4. (a) In teaching Geography, what objective aids should be employed ~ (b) What mental faculty is to . be especially invoked in teaching about things and places the children have not seen ~ How ~
5. (a) What articles should constitute parts of the school cabinet ~ (b) Discuss the use and value of pictures in the geography book.
6. Draw an outline map of your county, indicating thereon the county-site, the principal towns and cities, the principal creeks, rivers, and also the railroads.
7. What is climate~ What determines iH What is the annual rainfall of Georgia ~
8.' (a) Near what cities does what is known in the geographies as the "fall-line" run through Georgia ~ (b) Compare the topography of the country above that line with that below it. (c) What economic advantage have towns or cities on or near this line ~

53
9. (a) How many States at present in the Union ~ (b) Name the territories.
10. Name in order, beginning at the north, the States which touch the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, and give their capitals.
READING.
1. What is Reading~ In teaching reading what two ends are to be sought~ At what period in the child's development may a teacher safely leave off stressing the mere "mechanics of reading"~ What does Roark mean by "mechanics of reading~ ,,
2. Describe briefly each of the following so-called methods: Alphabet method, phonic method, phonetic method, word method, sentence method.
3. Which of them are analytic methods, and which synthetic ~ Give reason for answers.
4. Indicate briefly the outlines of the method you would pursue to teach a child to read.
5. In what grade are pupils supposed to be ready to study the subject-matter of their reading lessons as literature ~ What change should then take place in the teacher's method and purpose~
6. What is meant by Oral Reading~ By Silent Reading~ Which has the greater culture value for the reader~ Give reason for answer.
7. In assigning lessons in reading, would you follow the order of the lessons of the text-books unvarying]y~ Give reason for answer.
8. Name some of the things that affect the quality of oral reading.
9. To what dang~rs are children subjected through

54
their ability to read? How may the teacher help to avoid these?
10. Roark speaks of rea:ling as the "center of correlation." What is meant1
PENMANSHIP.
1. At about what age should the child begin using the pen? What difficulties are to be overcome in its use at first?
2. Describe the different movements employed in writing and give exercises suitable for the development of each.
3. Describe correct position with reference to body, pen and paper.
4. Give five suggestions that should be followed in teaching penmanship.
ARITHMETIC.
1. As usually taught, to what faculty does Arithmetic appeal almost wholly? May it have a wider cultural value than that 1 Give reason for answer.
2. What is enumeration? Outline brieflY the method you would employ in teaching a class enumeration.
3. Would you teach the book as you find it, or would you omit certain subjects? If you would omit certain parts, state what parts and your reasons for the same. If you would omit nothing, justify your position.
4. Define and illustrate integer, concrete number, prime factor, common multiple, greatest common divisor.
5. (a) .561;4 X .03 1-16 =? (b) 1 ten-millionth -71 hundredth = ?
6. A traveler found on arriving at his destination

55
that his watch was 1 hr. 35 min. too slow. ,In what direction had he been traveling How far had he traveled if one degree of L. equals 69 mi.
7. How much more will it cost at 8 cents a foot to fence a field in the form of a rectangle 130 rods long and 60 rods wide than to fence a field of equal area in the form of a square
8. A owes $1,140.00. By saving 6-19 of his income annually for five years he can pay his debt and have $1,260.00 left. What is his yearly income
9. Five men agree to build a road in 12 days. They worked 9 hours a day for 8 days and found that they had built one-half of the road. How many more men will they have to get to complete the road on time if they work 10 hours a day
10. For what sum must a note for 2 mo. 17 days be made so that the proceeds after it has been discounted at a bank at 7 per cent. may be $895.00. Write this note in due form, payable to John Doe (omit signature).
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. The law requires physiology and hygiene to be taught to all children of the schools; how would you comply with the spirit of the law in case of children in the primary grades
2. Name all the effects you can of the use of tobacco upon the human system. Of alcohol. What does the law require with respect to these two subjects ~
3. Give rules you would observe in ventilating your schoolroom.. In heating it. In lighting it.
4. Give some simple tests that might be used in testing the eyes and ears of children. If it were shown that a child's eyes were weak or his ears defective, what difference in treatment would you give him

56

5. What are the rp.ost frequent physical disorders

generated by school life 1

6. Describe the lungs and the vocal apparatus 1 What office do the lungs perform for the blood 1 How?

7. If one of your pupils should be seriously hurt, and bleeding profusely, and the blood coming in a

regular flow, how would you attempt to stop the bleed-

ing? What would be injured, a vein or an artery? Where would you put bandage?

8. Give a diagram of the heart, showing location of different apartments, their inlets and outlets, etc. What

office does the heart perform for the circulatory system?

What enables it to perform this service?

9. Give the various parts of the eye in detail.

.10.

Describe

in

d,etail

the

process

of

digestion. .

EXAMINATION JUNE 20, 1908.

HISTORY.

-

1. (a) 'What is History according.to Roark? What

is the minimum of preparation in history a common-

schoolteacher should have? With what other study is

history most nearly allied, and why?

2. What practical value has the study of history?

What cultural value 1

3. How should the teaching of history begin, and when 1 What should be the character of the first text-

book put in the hands of the child1

4. What use will pictures, relics, etc., serve in teach~

ing history? Which is the more fruitful, a study of

eras of peace or of those of confusion and upheaval?

Give reason for answer.

57
5. Explain what is meant by the Topical Method as applied to history? Give, by way of illustration, the outlines of a lesson you might assign covering some period of United States history.
6. Should teachers emphasize the causal relation more or the bare facts? Give reason for answer, and illustrate by example.
7. Give a brief narration of the founding of Geor-
gIa.
8. Name all the great wars in which the colonies and the States have been engaged. Give cause of each.
9. When and what was the Reconstruction Period'? Describe the social conditions that existed then.
10. Tell what you can of the life and public services of Robert Toombs. Of Benjamin H. Hill.
AGRICULTURE.
1. What steps have been taken in Georgia to develop agricultural education? What good results ought the State to obtain from these?
2. What is soil? What are its uses? How is it formed? Narne the soils according to composition.
3. What is a seed? Describe its germination and growth up to the point where a plant is produced. What results may be obtained from seed selection?
4. Give the subsequent life history of the plant, tel1ing how it feeds. What elements does it derive from the soil? What from the air?
5. Name six forage crops that may be produ<led profitably in the State. What is a forage crop? What is the value of the cowpea?
6. Name the cereal plants commonly cultivated in Georgia.

58
7. Describe the planting, cultivation, gathering, and ginning of the cotton crop in detail.
8. Explain what is meant by grafting and budding. 'What is the purpose of these processes f Describe them.
9. What is truck farming? Discuss the subject fully from Mr. Hunnicutt's point of view.
10. Name some crop enemies. What economic value have birds? Name ten species of common birds that have such value.
GRAMMAR.
1. Why is grammar so distasteful to a great many students? How may the study be made attractive?
2. Define and illustrate: a phrase, a clause, an objective complement, ,subjunctive mode, appositive, attribute.
3. Name and illustrate the principal parts of a verb. Tell why they are called principal parts.
4. Use a substantive clause as subject of a sentence, as predicate, adjective or attribute complement, as direct objective modifier.
5. How do relative pronouns differ from other pronouns? .
6. Give and illustrate five rules for forming the plural of nouns and two rules for forming the posseSSIve.
7. Select and explain the use of the infinitives in the following sentences: (1) To steal brings one to disgrace. (2) I wanted to ride the horse. (3) He feared nothing except to do wrong. (4) My purpose was to return home. (5) The soldier had no place to reRt. (6) He was ready to start.
8. How many forms has the participle 1 State what each expresses. Give examples.

59
9. Construct sentences in which "that" is usedasR conjunctive; as a relative pronoun; as a demonstrative pronoun, and as a pronominal adjective.
10. The haste to get rich and the intense struggles of business rivalry probably destroy as many lives in America every Y'ear as ate lost in a great battle.
In above sentence change the phrase "to get rich" to an equivalent participial phrase and give construction. Parse words in italics.
SPELLING.
1. What is spelling~ What are the purposes of teaching spelling ~ When chiefly do we use spelling ~
2. When should spelling as a definite study be separ- . ated from the reading lesson ~
3. Is spelling directed more to the ear or eye 1 What would this indicate as to the methods to' be used in teaching it1
4. Name five types of spelling lessons that may be of occasional use. Discuss briefly the value of lessons you have named.
5. Describe the lesson you would ordinarily conduct; give details of arrangement of class and subsequent acts.
6. Would you have the children" turn down" 1 Give reason for answer.
7. What are diacritics ~ Mark diacritically: prevaricate, granary, banquet, hesitation, secession, symbolize, consequential, necessary, homogeneous, confusion.
8. Give' all' the sounds of the vowels as indicated diacritically, and give words in which sounds of "a" occur.
9. Separate the following words into their element~ showing prefixes, suffixes and sterns, and give rneanin.2

60

of words, as indicated by theI?-: insensate, unsubstan tial, affiliate, confirmation, officially, officious, intently, tenseness, tenure, protectory.
10, Words to be dictated by conductor:

Symposium, satchel, pacificator, oxidize, obstreperous, obsolete, exhalation, excerpt, citation, barrister, chargeable, separation, conceivable, eighteenth, effeminacy, facetious, feudalism, hornblende, inaudible, nutritious, nugget, pursue, perquisite, repetition, sassafras,

mediocre, metalist, osseous, parable, pelican, rhetoric, revelry, retrieve, verdigris, venous, warrant, adhere, addable, benignly, climbable, diversity, hosanna, lavender, medalist, mechanism, numskull, pantomine, polar, quotient, ratable,

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT,
1. In taking charge of a school and making preparation for the opening, what should a teacher do T
2. In surrendering a school finally, what should a teacher do for her successor'
3, What are tp~ six el~JllEJnts of ~overnin$ powGr

61
mentioned in the Manua17 Of these, which is the supreme element 7
4. What effects will esthetic surroundings have upon the fortunes of the schoo17 Who is responsible for such surroundings or the lack of them 7
5. What do you understand "esthetic surroundings" to include7
6. What is the purpose of the recitation 7 Give seven ends to be arrived at by it.
7. What use has music in the discipline of a schoo17 8. How does ventilation and heating affect the discipline 7 9. What care should be observed in seating pupils 7 10. Describe briefly what you would consider an ideal country school plant 7

62
SUGGESTIVE ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN TEACHERS' EXAMINATION, June 19-20.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. (a) Manual, page 80; (b) Answers will v~ry.. 2. Manual, pages 80-81. 3. (a) Manual, page 86; (b) At the beginning of the child's school life. Some answers may put the commencement of Home Geography in the second or even third year. It is a mere matter of opinion; (c) Manual, pages 86-87, under head of Methods; (d) Answer dependent to some extent on the preceding; but generally in the last half of the third or beginning of fourth year. 4. Manual,pages 96, 97, 98, 99. 5. Manual, page 97. 6. Consult county map. 7. (a) The meteorological conditions which prevail generally in any section. (b) Latitude, elevation, position of water areas, position of mountains, etc. (c) About 60 inches. 8. (a) Columbus, Macon, Milledgeville and Augusta; (b) The county above is hilly or rolling; that below is level or plain-like; (c) Water-powers. 9. (a) Forty-six; (b) Alaska, Hawaii, Philippines, Porto Rico, New Mexico and Arizona. 10. Consult map.
READING.
1. Roark, page 103; (c) When the child grasps thpword, its meaning and relations quickly.

63
5. Manual, page 35. Roark, chapter on Reading. 6. Roark, 115. 8. Roark, 115. 9. Roark, 117. 10. Roark, 121.
PENMANSHIP.
1. From eight to ten years of age; depends largely upon development~
2. Manual, page 18. 3. Manual, page 20. 4. Manual, page 20.
ARITHMETIC.
1. (a) To the reasoning powers. (b ) Yes. (c) Answer to be judged by its sense.
2. See text-book for definition-judge answer by sense.
3. A great many subjects may be omitted from the average book without loss to the child. Judge answer by its reasonableness.
4. See text-book. 5. (a) .0172265625'; (b) .00001. 6. 1638% miles east. 7. $35.283. 8. $1,520.00. 9. Four more men. 10. $909.14.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. By giving talks within the comprehension and appropriate to the development of such children.
2. (a) Consult texts: (b) That the children be fully informed by teachers.

64
3. Judge answer by its sense. _ 4. Reading figures and letters of different sizes and different distances; answer to be judged by sense. 5. Eye troubles, nervous troubles, curvatures of
limbs and spine, and lung troubles. This is not a: pre-
scriptive answer, however. 6. Cleanse and purify it by bringing it in contact
with the oxygen of the air. 7. By compressing blood-vessel. A vein. On the
side away from the heart. 8. Is the motor of it. Involuntary contraction. 9. See Manual. 10. See Manual.
HISTORY.
1. (a) Roark, page 192; but allow some liberty of expression ; (b) See Page, 182, also Manual, page 103; . but answers may be more liberal; (c) With Geography.
2. Answers will vary. Roark, pages 212 and 213. 3. Roark, pages 192-193. Allow freedom in answering. 4. Roark, page 193; also Manual, page 98. 5. Roark, page 210. 6. Consult Roark, page 270. 7. Consult Evans' History. 8. Consult text-book. 9. Consult text-book. 10. Consult some life of.
AGRICULTURE.
1. (a) The development of the School of Agriculture at the University. (b) The establishment of the eleven district agricultural schools. (c) And the requirement of Agriculture as a common school subject.

65
2. See text. 3. See text. 4. See text. 5. (a) Answers will vary; (c) and (d) See text. 6. Answers will vary. 9. Consult text. 10. Insects, weeds, grasses, fungi. (b) They destroy the above. (c) Answers will vary.
GRAMMAR.
1. (a) Lack of preparation, often on the part of students, sometimes on the part of teachers. (b) By thorough preparation on the part of both students and teachers. Answers will vary.
2. See text-book. 3. Buehler's Grammar, 225. 4. Buehler's Grammar, 85-86. 5. They differ in that relatives attach to their anteceuents subordinate clauses. 6. See text-book. 7. (1) Subject; (2) Object of verb; (3) Object of preposition; (4) Pred. nom; (5) Adjective; (6) Adverb. 8. Buehler's Grammar, 2639. Buehler's Grammar, 125, 196, 187, 188. 10. In getting rich-adjective. Lives-noun, com., neuter, third person, plural, object of destroys. Year-Object of preposition during, understood. As-Relative pronoun; antecedent, liveS', neuter gender, plural number, third person, subject of subordinate clause, are lost-Nominative case.
3-de

66

SPELLING.

1. Manual, page 7; -(c) In composition.

2. Answers will vary; but second or third year is about right.

3. To the eye. Much written work.

4. Manual, 7, 8, 9, 10; second part of answer will vary.

5. Answers will vary. To be graded according to character of answer.

6. "Turning down" involves a dangerous principle.

but judge answer by its sense.

..

7. Consult dictionary.

8. Consult dictionary.

9. Consult dictionary.

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT.
1. See Manual on Management. 2. See Manual. 3. See Manual. 4. (a) See Manual; (b) The teacher in great part. 5. See Manual. 6. See Manual. 7. See Manual. 8. See Manual. 9. See Manual. 10. Answers will vary.

67
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS DECEMBER 18, 1908.
1. Give name and address in full. 2. Give your age. 3. Have you ever taught school? If so, how long~
Where~
4. Have you ever attended a High SchooH If so, how long ~ Where ~
5. Have you ever attended a Normal School '1 If so, how long ~ Where ~
6. Have you ever attended a College~ If so, how long T Where T
NOTE.-It is very important that all these questions A should be answered specifically and in full.
ARITHMETIC.
1. What is numbed What is Arithmetic? 2. According to the Manual of Methods, on what number should beginners be examined T How is this examination to be conducted T 3. What is mental arithmeticT What is its value1 4. What is the Grube system of teaching number-T The Speer system T 5. Define the following: (a) Proper Fraction. (b) Improper Fraction. (c) Mixed Number. (d) Least Common Denominator. (e) Common Divisor. 6. Divide 2/3 of 4/5 of 7/8 of 5/9 by 5/6 of 8/9 of 3/10 of 4. 7. A druggist bought 5 pounds of opium by avoirdupois weight at $8.00 a pound and sold it by apothecanes weight at $1.00 per ounce. How much did he gainT 8. How many square feet of boards will be required

68
to cover the gables of a house that is 28 feet wide, the ridge of the roof of the house being 13 feet higher than the foot of the rafters1
9. A merchant marked cloth ~t 25 per cent. advance on the cost. The goods being damaged, he was obliged to take off 20 per cent. of the marked price, selling at $1.00 per yard. What was the cost 1
10. A note for $1,600, bearing 6 per cent. interest, dated November 1st, 1904, had endorsed on it the following partial payments: February 1st, 1905, $60.00; October 20th, $1905, $20.00; November 1st, 1905, $400. How much was due April 10th, 19061 (United States Rule.)
SPELLING.
1. (a) In what school year should we begin to teach a child spelling1 (b) How should these lessons be given 1 (c) When should a formal spelling book be placed in his hands 1 (d) How long afterward should the spelling book be retained 1
2. Should a child be held responsible for the spelling of new words in other texts than the spelling book? Give reason for answer.
3. Mention briefly the mechanical and textual qualities of a good spelling book.
4. Should a spelling book contain only words likely to be used by the child either in his composition or his reading, or should it in include words more or less unusual and beyond his vocabulary1 Give reason for answer.
p, (a) What is meant by an edllcative le~~o;p 7

69
(b) Describe a spelling lesson that you regard as really educative. (c) Is spelling an informational lesson 1
6. What other things than the letters contained in words should be taught in a spelling lesson 1
7. Name the advantages and disadvantages of a written spelling lesson as brought out in the Manual of Methods.
8. Write a list of the letters of the alphabet having
more than one sound. Indicate the sounds diacritically, if possible. If not, by use of letters in a word.
9. Pluralize the following: Ox, duchess, duke, luan-servant, elk, sheep, chimney, tobacco, hominy, wife.
10. Spell the following: (To be dictated).

WORDS TO BE DICTATED BY EXAMINER.

Parable Pleiades Rosaceous Searchable Teachable Ulcer0usness Yielding Yoke Zoology Waxiness Wainscot
TerPlinill

Review Pigmy Martial Intensive Herbaceous
Gossamer Expiate Efficaciolls Distillery CYl1osur~ Cereal Auxiliary
MJ\gistj'lriill

GEOGltAPJ:IY,
1. What does the subject of Geography include T
Z. Why do we teach the subject in School T
3. Is Geography an informational or a c~ltuml
"tudy, or ooth1 Give reilson for ap.sw@r,

70
4. Name some subject for a proper lesson in Home Geography and indicate how you would develop the lesson.
5. What is meant by each of the following: Relief Map, Outline Map, Progressive Outline Map, Production Map, Dissected Map'
6. Draw a map of Georgia, indicating "the fall line" with the location of five important towns or cities near it, and, also, the course of the principal rivers. Write in the names of these towns, cities, and rIVers.
7. Name the States touched by the Appalachian system of mountains.
8. What important possessions does the United States hold beyond her borders'
9. Narne the important branches that join the Mississippi river frqm the east. From the West.
10. Suppose one should take ship at St. Petersburg and, keeping near the coast, should sail to Naples. What important States would he pass on the left' Name their capitals. Name the bodies of water through which he would pass.
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT.
1. What do you understand by the term School Management'
2. What does school discipline include' What ends should it seek'
3. Give in detail the method you would pursue the first day in organizing a schooL
4. Give in detail the method you would pursue in assembling the school in the mornings thereafter and, also, an outline of the general exercises which should precede the daily lessons.

71
5. Give the method you would pursue in calling and dismissing_classes.
6. What is the recitation? What should the teacher seek to find and to do through the recitation?
7. What relationship should a teacher maintain toward the community when not actually engaged in school work?
8. What should be the attitude of the teacher toward educable children not in school?
9. What supervision should a teacher exercise over the children at play during recesses?
10. What may a teacher learn from the sports of children and what lessons teach through them?
SCHOOL LAW.
1. What body controls and directs the school interests of a county?
2. How is the County School Commissioner elected? 3. When does the school year begin in Georgia? 4. What amount of money has been appropriated to the Public Schools this year? What next? 5. Upon what basis is the apportionment made to the several counties? 6. May the Bible be used in Georgia schools? 7. What is the offense if books adopted by the Btate are not used, in the schools? 8. When is Arbor Day? What purpose is it intended to serve' 9. Between what ages must a child be, to be entitled to free public instruction in Georgia? 10. Give the general provisions of the local tax law.

72
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS DECEMBER 19,1908.
GRAMMAR.
1. (a) What is meant by Language Lessons~ (b) How are they related to Grammad (c) If one of these should be left out of the course of study, preferably, which should it be~ (d) Why~
2: Generally speaking, what difference in method should mark the two subjects ~
3. If the child's language should be watched at all times by the teacher and in every recitation, what need for a text-book in Language Lessons ~
4.. Does a knowledge of technical Grammar control one in his ordinary speech ~ If not, what does ~ J ustify your answers.
5. Narne the Relative Pronouns. Decline them. 6. (a) Does diagraming serve any useful purpose ~ (b) Justify your answer. (c) Diagram the following sentence: H Who steals my purse, steals trash." 7. What is parsing~ What is its use~ Parse each word in the sentence given to diagram. Can either parsing or diagraming wholly take the place of the
other~ Why~
8. In how many different ways maya Participle be used ~ Illustrate each. In how many ways may the Infinitive ~ Illustrate each.
9. Name the different classes of adverbs. 10. Give all the rules you can for the use of the comma.

73
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. What is the requirement of the law respecting the teaching of Physiology and Hygiene?
2. How may this law be fully observed with respect to all the children of the schools?
3. Name the precautions you would use to prevent children from catching cold while in school. What is a cold?
4. What are the uses of the skin? How may it be kept in good condition?
5. What effect has the continued use of alcohol upon the muscles and heart?
6. Of what is the blood composed ~ What functions does it perform? Explain how and why the blood circulates.
7. Describe the Nervous System and give its various divisions.
8. Give generally the effects of cigarette smoking upon the nervous system of a boy.
9. Give the various parts of the eye. What is nearsightedness ~ Farsightedness ~ How may these be easily detected by a teacher ~ How may the teacher help in preventing them ~
10. Give rules you will expect your pupils to observe with respect to light, air, and position when at their desks or in recitation.
READING.
1. Why is Reading the most important subject in the Common School Course ~
2. Narne briefly all the elements you can of a good text-book on reading.

74
3. According to your conception, what constitutes good literature?
4. According to your conception, what is the dif" ference between good literature and classic literature?
5. Narne the qualities you would expect a fourth reader pupil whom you regard as a good reader to exhibit while reading aloud in class.
6. At what point in a child's development would the necessity for a text-book on reading pass away~ Give reasons for answer.
7. Why are reading text-books necessary at alU 8. Give the common type of recitation you would' employ in the first grade, half advanced, in the third grade, and in the fifth. 9. What requirements with respect to position would you make of pupils in the more advanced grades? 10. How can school libraries be used to advantag~ in the ordinary one-teacher school?
HISTORY.
L How is History related to Geography? 2. If Geography should begin with home geography, ought History likewise to begin with home history~ Uive reasons for answer. 3. What good is there in studying the past of our country and of other countries? 4. When, where, and by whom was Georgia founded? 5. Give full account of Tomochichi. Of Mary Musgrove. 6. Tell what you can of the Salzhergers.

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7. Describe the events of the Civil War which ocmirred on Georgia soil.
8. Give causes and results of the Mexican War. When did it occur
9. What States are included in the territory acquired by the Louisiana purchase
10. Name the nations that have at one time or another owned Louisiana.
AGRICULTURE.
1. Is Agriculture a Science Why 2. Define each of the following: Sand, Clay, Soil, Subsoil, Humus. 3. What is the matter with lands, once productive, that have ceased yielding profitable crops How may they be restored 4. H0'Y does a plant derive food from the soiH 5. What per cent. of a dry plant is derived from the aid How was it derived from this source 6. What is manure A Fertilizer What care should be taken with manures 7. What good may be expected from seed selection Indicate the principle that should guide in selecting seed. 8. Discuss the preparation of soils for seed planting. 9. Discuss the planting, cultivating, gathering and keeping of sweet potatoes. 10. Name the various plants which may be used profitably in the South as hay.

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CIVICS.
1. Tell how a president of the United States is nomioated and elected.
2. Define the powers of the president. 3. State in a general way the difference between the National government and the State government. 4. With what does the county government concern itself1 The town 1 5. Explain the National government's method of raising its revenue. 6. How does the State raise its revenue 1 7. Why does not the National government aid in common school education 1 8. Name the various courts of the State. 9. Describe the composition of the usual town government in vogue in Georgia. 10. What is the writ of Habeas Corpus 1 How has it protected human rights and promoted liberty1

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ANSWERS TO STATE EXAMINATIONS.
QUESTIONS OF DECEMBER 18-19, 1908.
ARITHMETIC.
1. See any Arithmetic or Dictionary. 2. See Part 1, p. 141, Manual of Methods. 3. Arithmetic requiring solution of problems without pen or paper or other like device. It is greatly educative. 4. Manual, p. 177. 5.. Milne's Standard Arithmetic, p 100, 104 and 108. 6. 7/24. 7. $32.91+ 8. 364 square feet. 9. $1.00 per yard. 10. $1,246:56.
SPELLING.
1. (a) The first. (b) As blackboard or chart exercises. (c) About the third year. (d) Throughout the common school course, or until the child manifests satisfactory proficiency.
2. Yes. Answers will vary. 3. Answers will vary. 4. Answers will vary. 5. (a) Answers will vary. (b) An educative lesson is one that develops the child's mentality. (e) Greatly.so.

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. 6. Capitalization, hyphenation, articulation, enunciation, pronunciation, definition, etc.
7. Manual, page 12, Sec. 8. 8. See introduction to any dictionary. 9. See dictionary.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. See Manual, page 80. 2. Manual, page 83. 3. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. Both. 4. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 5. See Manual, pages 96 and 97. 6. See any State map of Georgia. 7. See map of the United States. 8. Alaska, Porto Rico, part of Samoan Islands. Hawaiian Islands, Guam and the Philippines. 9. See map of the United States. 10. See map of Europe.
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT.
1. School Management means whatever is done to secure proper conditions for school work. Answers will vary, but must be sensible.
2. All that is intended to restrain and train children in school conduct. Good conduct in school and good character. Answers will vary, but must be sensible.
3. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 4. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 5. Answers will vary, but must be sensible.

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6. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 7. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 8. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 9. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 10. Answers will vary, but must be sensible.
SCHOOL LAW.
1. Board of Education. 2. By Board of Education. 3. January first. 4. (a) $2,000,000. (b) $2,250,000. 5. On the ratio of the county's school population to that of the entire State. 6. Yes. 7. A misdemeanor. 8. First Friday in December. To beautify school grounds, to awaken a love of nature, and to interest children in forestry. 9. Between six and eighteen. 10. See law.
GRAMMAR.
1. (a) Training in the use of language. (b) Preparatory and introductory. (c) Grammar. (d) Because to use language well is better than to know it technically without ability to use.
2. The first requires much practice in speaking and writing; tne second more book study.
3. To give training. in all forms of expression in a more definite and systematic way.
4. Only slightly. Habit.

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5. See Grammars. 6. I Yes. Shows in a graphic way relation of words to each other and develops the logic of the sentence. 7. Naming the "parts" of a sentence, and is a means of quick review of the technical side of Grammar. It can not. They supplement each other. 8. See Reed and Kellogg's Grammar. 9. See Reed and Kellogg's Grammar.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. That they should be taught to aU the pupils in the common schools.
2. By talking to children in the lower grades about their bodies and giving simple oral instrwetions about Hygiene and rules of health by the use of prescribed text-books in the upper grades.
3. Answers will vary, but must be reasonable. A cold is a form of illness caused by the sudden cooling of the outer surface and the closing of the sweat pores.
4. (a) It is a breathing apparatus, protects the ./ body, removes waste, and regulates the temperature; (b) By proper eating and bathing.
5. Causes fatty degeneration. 6. Of a watery fluid called plasma and tiny bodies called corpuscles. Carries oxygen to all parts of the body, removes waste, cleans and repairs the body. 7. See Physiology. 8.' See Physiology. 9. See Physiology for first two answers. By test. ing with letters of various sizes. By careful regard for the light in which the child sits, and his position. 10. Answers will vary.

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READING.
1. Because all other subjects are dependent upon it.
2.. Answers will vary greatly, but must be sensible. 3. Answers will vary greatly, but must 'be sensible. 4. Answers will vary greatly, but must be sensible. 5. Answers will vary greatly, but must be sensible. 6. When he is able to quickly grasp words and thought. 7. Answers will vary. For regularity and definiteness of practice. 8. Answers will vary greatly. 9. Answers will vary. 10. Answers will vary.
HISTORY.
1. Answers will vary, but must be' sensible. 2. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 3. Answers will vary, but must be sensible. 4. See Evans' History. 5. See Evans' History. 6. See Evans' History. 7. Any U. S. History. 8. Any U. S. History. 9. Any U. S. History. 10. Any U. S. History.
AGRICULTURE.
1. See Chapter II. (Hunnicutt). 2. See Chapter V. (Hunnicutt).

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3. See Chapter VIII. (Hunnicutt).
4.
5. See Chapter XII. '(Hunnicutt). 6. See Chapter XIII. (Hunnicutt). 7. See Chapter XVI. (Hunnicutt). 8. See Chapter XVII. (Hunnicutt). 9. See Chapter XIX. (Hunnicutt). 10. See Chapter XXV. (Hunnicutt).
STATE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS MARCH 24,1909.
FOR THE SEVENTH GRADE.
INSTRUCTIONS.
The teacher will please give all of these questions to every pupil in Seventh Grade Classes on March 24th, 1909, and require pupils to answer in writing, with pen and ink. Do not permit pupils to give or receive help so that the teacher may CElrtify that the examination is a fair test. The teacher may give each pupil such a reading test as he sees fit, and grade him thereon. Composition, penmanship and spelling marks are to be made up from the entire paper. Each subject is valued teneach question 2.
After grading each paper the teacher will please enter on the blank which is sent with these questions, each pupil's mark in each subject, his average and the average of the class on each subject and the average of the class on all subjects combined.

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If a pupil is not studying one of these subjects belonging to his grade and can not answer a question in it, mark him zero.
AGRICULTURE.
1. Name the advantages of farm life. 2. What is hardpan? Is it desirable or undesirable, and why? 3. What is humus and how may it be produced in the soil? 4. Does plowing induce or dissipate moisture in the soil, and how? 5. Discuss seed selection.
ARITHMETIC.
1. A farmer planted a field of 18% acres in cotton, using % bu. of seed per acre, at 331hc per bu. What was the exact cost of his seed?
2. If it requires 8 yds., 9 in. of 10c goods to make a dress, how many dresses can be made from $7.00 worth of the goods?
3. .!- farmer found that 15 per cent. of his potatoes
had rotted. If he had 595 bu. left, how many bushels did he raise in all?
4. Draw and find the amount of a note for $300.00 dated April 4th, 1909, and paid October 15th, 1910, interest at 8 per cent.
5. How many years will it take to pay for a rectangular farm, 484 by 1,500 yards, at $20.00 an acre, if the purchaser can only pay $600.00, at the end of each year, on the debt, and has to pay 8 per cent. interesU

84

GEOGRAPHY.

1. Name five great industries in the United States

and the section where each is chiefly pursued.

2. Explain the changes of the seasons.

3. Travel from Augusta, Me., to Augusta, Ga., by

water, stopping at the and name the bodies

foivfewlaartgerestansdeapthoertsseoanpothrtes

way, you

would enter.

4. Locate the watersheds of Georgia and name the rivers which drain each.

5. Give your route in full in traveling from your

home to Paris.

GRAMMAR. .
1. Write an order on a merchant for $2.00 worth of goods for a farm hand. 1-Vrite a business letter ordering a book, to be paid for on delivery.
2. Name and give the uses of the various parts of speech, illustrating each.
3. Correct the following sentences if necessary, giving the rules for your corrections: Mary, and Jane and me taken our examinations at the same time. I finished last because I write so slow.
4. Make either a written or a diagram analysis of the following sentence: "He who sets a great example is great. ' '-Victor Hugo.
5. Parse underscored words " Lay do wn the axe. Fling by the spade Leave in its track the toiling plow. "-Bryant.

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HISTORY AND CIVICS.
1. What two nations first explored Georgia's coast? Who made first permanent settlement and what did his grant cover?
,2. Describe two of the most important battles of the Revolution fought on Georgia soil, naming American leaders.
3. Name two Georgia statesmen who represented opposite sides in the debates about secession and state which side each represented.
4. Where were great battles fought in Georgia during the War between the States and name the leaders on either side.
5. Name the elective offices in 'your county.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. Describe the lungs and their uses. How may we avoid diseases of the lungs?
2. What habits tend to produce poor blood, and how?
3. What effects do tobacco and alcohol have upon the skin? What rules should be observed for the care of the skin ~
4. Where is the liver located and what purpose does it serve?
5. Why do we need sleep~ What rules should govern our sleeping?

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REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK BY COUNTY SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS.

APPLING COUNTY.

H. J. Parker, C. S. C.

The public school term in Appling county has been four months each year for the past ten years until 1908. This year the schools were kept in operation for five months with about the same enrollment as last year. However, the average attendance for the full five months was about one hundred more than it was for the term of four months the previous year. The enrollment would have been more had it not been for some dissatisfaction with reference to district lines.
There are forty-three schools in the county. Fortytwo were taught some time during the year. Four schools supplemented the public term. Twenty-five continued for the full term. Six continued for four months or longer. Seven closed short of four months. One district has two schools, both were taught the full term last year. All colored schools were taught and aU continued the entire term except two. The enrollment and average attendance in the colored schools were less than 1907.
During the year seven new buildings were completed and three old ones repaired. This gives us eighteen school houses in good repair. The others are poor ones and are very poorly equipped. Eight buildings have been provided with patent desks. Thirteen have been supplied with dsks made 'on the patent style. Five have been supplied with slate blackboards. Our people seem to realize the need of better school buildings and apparatus. However, financial circumstances have forced

87
us to move slowly. We hope this year to complete five more new buildings and repair eight old ones.
All reports from schools are very encouraging. The enrollment and attendance are the largest in the history of the county. I have visited practically all the schools and find the work in good shape with few exceptions. We have twice the number of normal trained teachers we had two years ago.
Teachers' salaries are paid the next day after they are approved by the Board of Education.
Respectfully,
H. J. PARKER, C. S. c.

BANKS COUNTY

G. G. Strange, C. S. C

Nothing marks the progress and culture of a people like good schools; and certainly nothing so surely marks advance in general culture of a people as well attended schools, conducted by practical and competent teachers.
It is most gratifying to be able in this short paper to note some of the progress that Banks county is making educationally.
As the efficiency of rural schools is measured to some extent by well regulated districts and good school houses, I shall speak of but these two phases of the work in our county.
Our Board of Education went to work immediately after the passage of the McMichael Bill devising plans to cut the county into school districts and consolidate:

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'f

The first thing for us to do was to familiarize ourselves thoroughly with the task. This we did by familiarizing ourselves thoroughly with every nook and corner of the county. The Board of Education employed the County School Commissioner to supervise the work, who in turn employed Mr. L. N. Turk, our efficient county surveyor, and taking two Board members with us all the time we cut the county into districts, surveying each district as carefully as we would a land lot. On account of the many streams crossing our county and the mountains on the north border, it was impracitable to make each district sixteen square miles.
At the commencement of the work we had thirty-nine districts, when the work was completed we had only twenty-eight, thereby cutting out and consolidating eleven small schools. Out of the twenty-eight districts, only about six of them contain the sixteen square miles. On an average they contain about thirteen square miles. We did not rush with the work, but took time and pains to do the work right. We encountered intense opposition, but we never stopped to listen to adverse criticis;m, but pushed on with the work, knowing that we were doing the right thing and believing that ultimately much good would be accomplished.
Our most sanguine expectations have been realized. All dissatisfaction has disappeared and co-operation is fast taking the place of divisions and discontent. During the present term our schools have the largest enrollment in their history, and all round the best and most systematic work we have ever had.
After laying the foundation in district work, we next set about to get good modern school houses in every district. We have succeeded in this undertaking fairly

..

89
well. During the past two years we have completed eight new up-to-date houses and have as many more in course of construction and prospective. We used the funds arising from the hire of the convicts altogether for building purposes. We hope within the next two years to be able to complete the building work. In every instance where the Board has appropriated funds for buildings or improvements, the requirement is made that the deeds to the property be made over to the Board. At present the Board owns twelve out of the twenty-eight houses. Without going into the details of the building work, a comparison of the total value of school property in the county at the close of the year 1908 with that of the year 1904 will serve to show our progress better perhaps than anything that I might say. The total value of all the school property in the county in the year 1904, as shown by State School Commissioner's report, was $7,850.00 ; that of 1908, $33,250.00, thus showing a total increase of $25,400.00 since the district work was begun.
We attribute our progress almost wholly to the law that required us to lay our county off into districts. Is it not true that a teacher's work depends not so much on the number of pupils as number of grades ~ Consolidation in nearly every instance necessitates a two, if not a three room house to accommodate the school, thereby giving the rural district the ideal country school, viz.: "The three-teacher school." The three-teacher school is the ideal to which the country must ultimately come.
These favorable conditions betoken success and, in the main, our educational outlook is encouraging. Our

90
continued school improvements will be gradual, yet it is assured and certain.
G. G. STRANGE, C. S. C. Banks County.

BARTOW COUNTY.

Henry Milam, C. S. C.

This was the first school year pf the present C. S. C., and it was necessary for him to acquaint himself thoroughly with conditions as they existed. This he has done to the best of his ability. As we look back over the past year, we see many things that ought to have been done that were left undone. It pains us to say that while our enrollment was greater, ouratteridance was smaller than the year before; we feel that this was occasioned more by the extremely wet weather during the first months of 1908. However the small attendance has served to spur Commissioner, Board and teachers to use their influence for compulsory education. vVe were highly pleased and gratified to see our teachers become aroused, to see their duty and responsibility as never before, and to determine to do more and better work than in the past. We believe that the strong and forceful appeals of our honored State School Commis~ioner, on his visit to our county was the prime factor in bringing this about.
We are glad to report that we had the largest and most enthusiastic Teachers' Institute in June ever held in this county, as testified by many of the older teachers.
Several new buildings were erected and many school houses and grounds were improved, as this phase of

91
school work is urged upon both teachers and pupils by the Commissioner.
About 300 children were seated comfortably on patent desks, where the old back-breaking bench was in evidence before. Some schools were supplied with teachers' desks and black-boards. During the early autumn the county was laid off under the provisions of the McMichael law, into school districts. This was a very arduous task, owing to the fa~t that so many small schools had been previously established; this difficulty was augmented by the prevalence of small, unbridged streams in some parts of the county. The Board naturally preserved all the present school sites possible, but were forced to cut out a few small onesthat were near larger schools, while others were consolidated. Necessarily this created some confusion and dissatisfaction in the localities where changes were made. However, we believe that the opposition will soon die out and our schools will be on a much better basis. This work of the Board is a long stride forward, and while they are censured by some, in a short time words of praise will be theirs for this unpleasant task faithfully performed. We are convinced that the agitation has done the schools generally good, and we confidently expect increased enrollments, greatly increased attendance and interest in our schools.
We had three districts to vote Local Tax during 1908, making four districts in our. county. We feel convinced that this meihod of supporting our schools is making friends daily. The Commissioner is urging this system upon his people whenever the opportunity presents itself. Aside from what he was permitted to do and say as he visited his schools, he met with the patrons of

92
about twenty schools and discussed this and other important phases of the school work. We have not as yet reaped a very full harvest from this showing, but a sentiment is being created that will eventually bear some good fruit. vVe are grading our schools, having made a sheet for our county schools based on the State grading sheet, mapping out the course into five months periods. At the close of the five months County School Commissioner will issue uniform examinations, and cer-
\
tificates of promotion will be given. We aim at having each pupil studying, as near as possible, the same lesson the same day. This has served to increase the interest of the pupils in their work. Just prior to the opening of our fall term we Md all the teachers to meet at the Commissioner's office and spend the day together, the guests of Commissioner and a few lady teachers. We expect to get large returns from this day, as it enabled our teachers to enter into their work with full instructions, with their responsibility impressed upon them afresh and the enthusiasm one always receives from a free intercourse with kindred spirits.
Finally, let us say that we are very much encouraged with the outlook, for the Commissioner, Board, teachers, and a vast number of the patrons are aroused and exertall their influence to better our system.
HENIty MILAM1 C. S, C,

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BEN HILL 'COUNTY.

R. J. Prentiss, C. S. C.

I beg to say that we have had quite a stirring year, and that the cause of education has been materially advanced during the term just closed. While we have met with some difficulties and discouragements upon the whole, we see marked advancement along all lines.
Our teachers are interested and are making better application. Our patrons are lending their support to the teachers and are endeavoring to aid the County Board in the betterment of the system.
We have a large and commodious high school building in course of construction which we will have ready for the coming term. The patrons have subscribed $1,000.00 toward this building, thus showing their interest. We desire to add to this school a manual training department as soon as practical.
Our school buildings generally are in better condition than they have ever been-the grounds surrounding them look as if some one cared for them-trees and flowers being planted, paint being used liberally, both in and out. We have been able to supply in part the need of desks, maps, boards, and will continue as soon as funds are available.
Our Board of Education is doing all they can to arouse enthusiasm along all lines, and have given me their most liberal support.
Wishing for you much success, as you deserve, in you place and trusting to have a visit from you at an early date, I am,
Yours fraternally,
E! J, P~E;N'.Pf3p, C, S! C,

BIBB COUNTY

94 C. B. Chapman, Supt.

In spite of the financial depression which kept many children out of school, the total number admitted was 8,715, which was an increase of 100 above any previous enrollment. The average number belonging was 7,498, the average daily attendance 6,561.
The Board of Education received during the fiscal school year $72,651.19 from the county, $45,041.58 from the State, and $3,402.89 from incidental fees and other 13ources, making a total of $121,095.64. The county appropriation for the year was $75,000..00 and the balance, $2,348.81, has been paid since the close of our fiscal year.
The schools were maintained for a term of nine calendar months, at a cost of $1.19 pel' pupil per month. This statement is not clear to the casual observer who divides the total expenditure by the number of pupils. Accounts for furniture and permanent improvements are left out of the calculation, since these items are assets.
-, r:ehe amount expended on buildings and repairs was $11,117.45. During the year one up-to-date four-room building and four one-room buildings have been erected; also five rooms have been added to different schools.
Within the past few years consolidated schools have been erected at Lizella, in Warrior district and in the suburban district at Bellevue. Union, the high school of Hazzard district, has been enlarged, and a new tworoom school has been built in Rutland. Consolidation and the erection of new buildings have the effect of stimulating an interest in education not only in the immediate neigh~orhood,but throughout the county. For example, comparing the enrollment to date for the present year

95
with that of the year before the consolidation movement began, the number admitted shows an increase of 25 per cent. in Warrior district, 28 per cent. in Hazzard, 30 per cent. in Rutland, and 75 per cent. at Bellevue. A part of the increase at Bellevue, perhaps 25 per cent., is due to an extension of territory.
There is little hope of accomplishing marked results at a school where a single teacher, frequently one who has never been responsible for a class, is placed in charge of several grades. At the consolidated schools where three to four teachers are employed, there has been great improvement in the quality and quantity of the work accomplished. The difference in bearing of the children, in their school spirit, and in the interest and enthusiasm of the teac~ers who can see that they are moving forward, is sufficiently marked to attract the attention of the casual observer.
I have noted in connection with the nine months' term a condition that should be studied and handled with care. There are many children of school age, sons and daughters of tenants, who are compelled to work on the farms in making and gathering crops. They are free to go to school from, November 1st to March 1st. Many of these children, through the indifference of parents, or their own timidity in competing with their more fortunate neighbors and companions who attend for the full
terlll, stay away from school altogether. :F'or example,
last year I came across a white family in which there were five children of school age who did not know their letters. The few who do come i? for this brief period frequently cause a congestion that interferes with the efficiency of the teacher's work. vVe are trying the experiment of employing at such places extra teachers

96
for four months-November 1st to March 1st. The evil that I apprehend, is the temptation for parents who, by extraordinary effort, are able to keep their children at school for the full nine months, to accept the four months' session as a substitute.
The schools of the city have been kept up to their high standard of efficiency, and I feel that we are moving forward.
In conclusion, permit me to express my appreciation of the great work you are doing for the schools of Georgia.
Respectfully submitted, C. B. CHAPMAN, Supt.

BRYAN COUNTY.

E. Benton, C. S. C.

The people of Bryan county are taking more interest in schools than ever before. Most communities are trying to run their schools at least seven months, and nearly all pay from ten to twenty-five dollars per month in addition to the amount paid by the County Board of Education.
Last year the Board of Education gave each school six months where they would accept it, and we are doing the same thing this year.
We have very good houses in most school districts, and are building in others as we can.
There has been $10,000 put in school buildings in the past six years in this county.
I think we will have local tax in this county soon, or at least in some school districts.
Respectfully, E. BENTON, C. S. C.

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BUTTS COUNTY.

C. S. Maddox, C. S. C.

To the Foreman and Gentlemen of the Grand Jury of Butts County:
In compliance with the law, I hereby submit to your honorable body my annual report as County School Commissioner for the year 1908.
In addition to the usual statistical and financial report I am required to make, I am requested by the State School Commissioner to make mention of whatever achievements or failures the schools made in the year 1908, and to lay before your body whatever plans have been mapped out for the present year, and to ask your body to make such recommendations as you deem wise.
To comply fully with this request would necessitate a very voluminous report. I shall, therefore, make mention of such matters as we are all vitally interested in with as little elaboration as possible.
Some of our achievements are, we have had more experienced and better equipped teachers; we have had a longer term, a larger enrollment of pupils, a larger average attendance, more enthusiasm on the part of the patrons. All school houses have been supplied with patent desks and good blackboards. Two new school houses were built, one each for white and c910red. Nearly every school house has been remodeled by ceiling' them and giving proper ventilation, light and heat and by adding additional rooms, so that now we have one school house with eight rooms, three houses each with three rooms and seven with two rooms.
So far as I have been able to ascertain every white boy and girl within school age, except three, was enrolled some time during last year. Our census returns show

4-de



98
that there were only twenty boys and girls over ten years of age in the entire county on the first day of last May who could not read and write.
Some of our failures are, we have failed to employ a teaching force sufficient to get the very best results. rrime lost never returns. We have failed to remunerate teachers sufficiently to keep them in the profession; we have failed to paint our school houses and set out trees and flowers; in short, to make our school houses the most attractive place in the neighborhood; we have failed to see to it that our teachers are paid promptly, and for that reason they are often humiliated.
Now, in order that our achievements in the future may be greater and our failures less I would suggest the same solution that I did to a question propounded by Dr. G. R. Glenn, former State School Commissioner, when he asked the various County School Commissioners this question: "What is needed to better the school system of Georgia ~ " In my reply I said: ' 'The one . thing needful to better the school system of Georgia is more money. Give to the Boards of Education money enough to opera.te the schools at least eight months in the year and you will cease to hear the people condemn our public school system. Then competent teachers will be in demand and they will be found." I furthermore said: "N0 competent man or woman can afford to teach school four or five months in the year at the meager salaries now offered and then be turned out to graze the remainder of the year."
The right to tax the citizens of Jackson to support the schools in ..J ackson, the fines and forfeitures of the City Court of Flovilla which go to the support of the schools in Indian Spring district, local taxation in Jen-


99
kinsburg, Stark and Union Point school districts and the large increase in our State funds for the last few years and by the great liberality of the patrons in supporting most of the remaining schools hy supplementing the school fund, have not only been the means of bringing our schools IIp to the present standard, but they have saved them from retrogression.
Now, while these conditions are encouraging, they simply show progress. Much is to be done to bring our schools up to the idealistic point. Indeed, much is to be done to keep our schools from retrogression.
The Board of Education had planned to increase the puhlic term to seven months, but recent developments in our financial resources suggested the abandonment of that idea. These developments came from three sources. First, our loss of 244 children of school age entailed a loss of $741 in school fund annually. Second, the repeal of the convict system has taken from our fund $1,709. Third, the State School Commissioner informs me that it is more than probable that the State will not be able to meet the appropriation made for this year, and for that reason we will approximately lose $1,000 from this year's apportionment, making a total of $3,450 loss to our school fund. Now, it is evident that something must be done at once to recoup this loss, or our schools will suffer. Now, I am one who believes that 'Yhere there is a will there is a way. There are three ways: first, private subscription; second, local tax under the district system; third, local tax under the county system.
In my judgment private subscription is all right, but too uncertain. The district system is unequal, therefore unfair and unjust, because the more property in the dis-

100
triet the less the tax rate, and the less property in the district the higher the tax rate.
Let me illustrate this thought: Districts having large corporations located in them would get all the tax derived from these corporations, while those districts remote from these corporations would not receive a penny from them. Dnder the district system only four out of the eighteen school districts would be benefited out of all the corporations in sight in Butts county. Dnder the county system the tax rate would be uniform, and hence fair and just.
Let us see what amount of school fund Butts county would raise if the county should levy a school tax at the same rate now levied by the City of Jackson. We have a digest of $1,800,000. This would give us a school fund of $9,900. The railroads, telegraphs and telephones, which are now paying only $214, would be required to pay $2,014, making a total from these sources of $11,914. Now our school fund from the State is $11,291. This would make a grand total of $23,205. This is several thousand dollars more than was raised for school purposes from all sources last year.
Now add to this sum the taxes that would be derive:i from plants now in process of erection and contemplation, then we would have a school fund sufficient for any purpose. I wish to say just here that I believe under the county system we could cut Jackson's rate one-half and then raise a sufficient fund to operate the schools of the county nine months in the year. Then we could have a perfect system of graded common schools throughout the county and high schools to which every boy or girl who passes the examination could enter without fee or friction. Talk about developing the Cripple

101
Creek gold mines in Idaho and the development of the greater water powers of the Ocmulgee river, boost the Jackson and Butts county Chamber of. Commerce, agitate the building of good roads, urge the building of interurban railroads as much as you please, gentlemen; these are all right, per se, but I wish to call your attention to the richest mines and most wonderful powers in the world. They are lying hid in the brains of our children-the children of Butts county.
Develop them and the Chamber of Commerce will praise you. Develop them and you will not only see the water powers of the Ocmulgee river developed, but you will discover possibilities even in its tributaries.
Develop them and you will see a network of trolleycars through Butts county; you will see telephones in (}very residence in the county; you will see a spire upon every church alid a belfry upon every school house. . Develop them and you will see roads wide enough to accommodate the traveling public without inconvenience, and so level that we will imagine that it is down grade either going or coming. And last, but not least, you will see a happy, contented and prosperous rural population.
In closing this part of my report, permit me to 'say the recommendations of grand juries have a great deal to do with molding sentiment and preparing the way for public improvements when wisely made.
C. S. MADDOX, C. S~ C.

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CHARLTON COUNTY.

L. E. Mallard, C. S. C.

Mr. Foreman and Gentlemen of the Grand Jury:
In accordance with the requirements of the law, I submit to your body a short report of the school affairs, as they exist in your county.
The people of the entire county, with few exceptions, are showing considerable interest in schools; of course , there are some few citizens who care nothing for the education of their children, but considering the county as a whole, our people are becoming awakened to the necessity of patronizing and supporting schools. Some of our school communities deserve special mention. The Canaday school has a splendid house, but should be made larger. The patrons of this school are interested and patronize the school, and also supplement the sum paid by the County Board. Next is the Boons Creek school, which has taken on new life. The patrons of this school have, with a small donation from the County Board, erected a modern school building with improved school grounds. We want to mention that Mr. J. B. Wilkerson is the chief promoter in this new building, and is a hustler in the interest of education. At our colony town, Homeland, can be seen an up-to-date two-story brick school house in the course of construction.
Some other communities are discussing the problem of new buildings, and promise something in that line in the near future.
Gentlemen, there is a great work before the citizens of this county in pushing to the front and investing in good schools and securing good and efficient teachers. The County Board has supplied most of the schools with blackboards, maps, etc., but still we are in need of better seats in several of the buildings.

103
I find some things existing in certain communities \vhich are very detrimental to the educational welfare in those communities; such as envy,malice and dissension among patrons. Now these things result in a division in schools, and the real injury falls upon the innocent children of those communities.
I have tried to get patrons to send their children regularly during the school term, as it is almost impossible for children to advance properly by attending only two or three days in the week. I have also impressed teachers with the advantage of teaching everything so as to make it of practical benefit to the boys and girls, so that they might employ their knowledge on the farms, in the work shops and factories, thereby equipping themselves for the many duties of life.
I ask your honorable body to use your influence in improving and uplifting the schools in the county, and some expression from your body on this subject would be inspiring and helpful to the cause.
Respectfully submitted,
L. E. MALLARD, C. S. C.
The above report of the County School Commissioner was read to our body, and we are pleased to note that educational affairs are making some progress in our county, as shown by his report. Some items in the report deserve special attention, for instance the new upto-date school building at Boons Creek with improved school grounds, and also the new two-story brick school house at Homeland, now in course of construction.
B. F. SCoTTj"Foreman Grand Jury. O. F. WILSON, Clerk Grand Jury. April 7th, 1909.

1 104

CHATHAM COUNTY.

Otis Ashmore, Supt.

Two of the marked features of our educational progress during the past year have been the addition of one more year to our grammar school course, and the completion of a new high school building and the reorganization of the high school <;urriculum.
Until the present school year our course of study comprised seven years in the grammar school and three years in the high school. Now we have eight years in the grammar schools and four in the high school. This has enabled us to enrich the course and do more thoroughwork.
To meet the demand of pupils of different tastes and aims four distinct courses are provided in the high school; namely, the Classical, which prepares for the A. B. course in college; the Scientific, which prepares for the B. S. course in college; the Technical, which prepares for the Technological schools, and the Commercial, which looks to business.
In planning the courses, the college entrance requirements have been carefully met, and a symmetrical mental development provided for in each. The studies which are deemed etasential are required of all pupils, while considerable elasticity is allowed in the options offered.
Among the new features added are a Commercial course, a course in domestic science for girls, and manual training for boys, a 1!ourse in modern languages, and additional work in history, mathematics and natural SCIence.

105

STUDIES.
...
A great deal of careful study has been given both to the planning and construction of the high school building, and the course of study, and those interested in these features of educational work will profit much by studying the result of our efforts.
The figures in the tabulated courses of study on the opposite page indicate the number of recitation periods a week in each study. Optional studies are indicated by a star,-the rest are required. A period is 40 minutes.
Pupils are required to take not less than 21, and not more than 25, recitation periods a week.
Under the proper advice and guidance from parents and teachers, pupils may select anyone of the following courses of study:

1. CLASSICAL COURSE, leading to the A. B. Degree in college.

2. SCIENTIFIC COURSE, leading to the B. S. Degree in

coilege..

to 3. TECHN~CAL COURSE, leading

Technological

Schools.

4. COMMERCIAL COURSE, preparing for commercial business.

While these courses. meet the standard college' entrance requirements, each one is so balanced as to secure a symmetrical mental development and a good secondary education for all pupils, whether they go to college or not. When a course, including the options, is once chosen, it should not be changed without reasons satisfactory to the PrincipaL

106
FIRST YEAR.
CLASSICAL COURSE.-22 recitation periods a week are required. Pupils entering the first year are strongly advised to take the Classical Course, with Free Hand Drawing as their optional study, because, if at the beginning of the second year, they wish to change from this course to anyone of the other three, they may do so; whereas, if they choose one of the other three, they cannot change to the Classical Course in the second year, unless first year Latin be made up, which is impracticable. There are two optional studies, Free Hand Drawing and Special English, only one of which may be taken, and both of which may be omitted.
SCIENTIFIC COURSE.-23 or 25 recitation periods a week are required, depending upon the options taken. Latin and Special English are optional, one of which must be taken. Pupils who take the Latin are on exactly the same footing as those in the Classical Course, and in the second year they may change to the Classical, if they wish to do so.
TECHNICAL COURSE.-24 recitation periods a week are required. There are no optional studies in the first year of this course.
COMMERCIAL COURSE.-22 recitation periods a week . are required. Free Hand Drawing is optional.
SECOND YEAR.
CLASSICAL COURSE.-22, 23 or 25 recitation periods a week are required, depending upon the options taken. These optional studies are Biology, one foreign language other than Latin, and Shop Work in Manual
Training for boys, and Domestic Scien..c. e for girls. If

107
the optional study be one of the languages, it must be continued into the third year.
SCIENTIFIC COURSE.-22, 23 or 25 recitations a week are required, depending upon the options taken. One foreign language (Latin, Greek, French, German, Spanish) must be taken.
TECHNICAL COURSE.-22 recitation periods a week are required. Only one of the optional studies may be taken, or all may be omitted. COMMERCIAL QOURSE.-25 recitation periods a week are required. There are no options in this year of the course.
THIRD YEAR.
CLASSICAL COURSE.-22, 23 or 25 recitation periods a week are required, depending upon the optional studies taken. Options taken in the second year should be continued in the third year, if they extend into the third yea:r, unless satisfactory reasons be given for a change.
SCIENTIFIC COURSE.-22, 23 or 25 recitation periods a wee kare required, depending upon the options taken..
TECHNICAL COURSE.-25 recitation periods a week are required. There are no options .
COMMERCIAL COURSE.-21 recitation periods a week are required. There is one option-Shop VVork for boys and Domestic Science for girls.
FOURTH YEAR.
Pupils entering the fourth year are practically fixed in their courses of study already, but they will have a greater number of optional studies than in any other year.
The Special English, which is required in the Commercial Course and optional in the other courses, is a

108
review of practical English grammar and composition as applied in actual business use. While designed spedally for the Commercial Course, it is made optional in the other courses to strengthen those who may be weak in this subject.
In the Technical Course special emphasis is placed upon Shop Work for boys and Domestic Science for girls; four periods, or two lessons of 80 minutes each, a week being required in these studies. Shop Work includes a full course of four years in ~nual Training, and the Domestic Science includes a course of four years in Cooking and Household Economics. Two optional periods, or one lesson of 80 minutes, a week may be taken in the other courses.
O. A. ASHMORE, Supt.
CHEROKEE COUNTY. Ben. F. Perry, C. S. C.
In Deember, 1906, I became a member of the Board of Education of Cherokee county and was, at the first meeting of the Board, elected vice-chairman, and a few weeks later became acting chairman of the Board by. reason of an accident to Chairman J no. G. Heard, rendering him unable to attend any meetings of the Board. or perform any duties as chairman of same. A few weeks la(er Mr. Heard removed to Cobb county, when I succeeded to chairmanship of the Board. During this time County School Commissioner Attaway was taken seriously ill, and in February, 1907, died. The duties of .the office of Commissioner, therefore, fell largely. upon a brother of Commissioner Attaway (J. M. Attaway) and myself, pending the illness of Commissioner Attaway and until his successor was elected.

109
On March 26, 1907, I qualified as County School Commissioner and assumed the responsible and important duties of the office. Though unprepared and inexperienced in this particular line of work, I entered upon the duties of the office with a consecrated purpose of giving my best energies and thought to the accomplishment of some good in the great work and widening field of endeavors and usefulness that lay before me. My motto, which I had printed on the stationery of the office, was an expression from Thomas Jefferson: ' , No surer Foundation can be devised for the Preservation of Freedom and Happiness than the Diffusion of Knowledge among the People." The sentiment of that motto was my guiding star, and I went to work to impress the great work and imperative need of education upon both pupil and parent, and to infuse renewed life and energy into the corps of nearly 100 teachers in the county.
My first half year's work was done under many difficulties, but it was apparent that the schools and communities, teachers and patrons, were becoming more interested. Thus impressed, I was encouraged to exert even greater efforts, and began to lay plans for the accomplishment of much towards strengthening and building up the school interests in the several communities of the county, in both school and community work. As an aid to this end I mailed to each teacher and trustee, and also to many patrons of the several schools, a letter outlining some of the work before us and the responsible part that each has in this work. Excerpts from that letter are here given:
"I am exceedingly anxious that educational work in . Cherokee be taken up with renewed interest, deeper zeal and more earnestness than ever before, and that the

110
strong capabilities of the bright boys and girls be brought out to the fullest possibilities in fitting them for citizenship and thoroughly preparing them for whatever walk or vocation of life they may enter. To accomplish this, much depends upon you and me, but I feel sure you will do your part in the school-room and community, among the trustees and patrons, and in co-operating with and strengthening. your Commissioner in his part of the work. Working in harmony together, with definite plans and purposes, and praying God for Divine aid and direction, I am sure encouraging results will follow, and that each will be richly repaid for all the efforts, whatever may have been the individual sacrifices, put into the work. To be sure we will meet with many difficulties, seeming indifference of parents and others, but let us not falter in our work or be discouraged, but the rather let us be the more determined and earnest. There are Waterloos all through life, but there are also many an Austerlitz. Without the Cross there would have been no Crown-without death, no grave, no resurrection, no Life Eternal! Let us then labor as for Eternity.
"To do the best work, your school-room should be made comfortable and attractive, and the play grounds suitably arranged for proper, healthful exercise of the children. Fresh water and good fires are .needed, provided, the school-room and grounds are kept clean, and the children required, too, to have clean hands and faces and to be courteous and respectful to playmates, teachers and everyone. Of course they are all expected to "honor father and mother." You should be supplied with maps, charts, globes, and other teaching apparatus, and also necessary desks, blackboards, etc. Do not wait

111
for the County Board to furnish them, but seethat your Trustees and patrons do it now. Every dollar thus expended will be many times duplicated in direct benefits received by the children.
"Upon the teacher's desk at all times there should be a dictionary-large, unabridged edition-for the use of the school. And the children should each be supplied with a pocket size edition. Special attention and stress should be given to proper spelling and definition of words, phrases, etc.,
"Another book of inestimable worth and value in the school-room is the Bible. While it is not required as a text-book, yet I trust each teacher will have a portion of Scripture read and the Lord's Prayer repeated in the opening exercises of the daily work. The Bible if the best literature we have, and our most important book; we can not afford to ignore it in the school-room or out. Encourage singing, too. One or more songs each day is inspiring, elevating, restful and helpful in many ways. An organ in the school-room is also a great aid.
"It is also my purpose during the next few months t<J perfect a plan by which a small Circulating Library may be put to good use through the public schools of the county, and I will appreciate your co-operation in my efforts.
"I would urge that more attention be given the study of agriculture. This has been very greatly neglected in many schools. The children will find it an inter~sting and profitable study.
"Teachers will please state. how long they have been teaching, and if they have attended or contemplate attending any Normal or other school during their vaca-

112
tion. Also state what educational journals they read, and what they are doing towards preparing themselves for better school work, and if they take their county paper.
"Teachers can, in many ways, increase interest in their school work among both patrons and pupils, and they should lose no opportunity to do so. One good way to enlist interest is to appropriately observe certain anniversaries, such as Arbor Day, Georgia Day, Washington's Birthday, Thanksgiving, etc., with short, interesting programs, in which parents and children both may take part, but do not let the entertainments be wearisome or too greatly interfere with the routine work of the school. Some sort of public exercises at the close of the school term is also advisable.
"Frequent contests in school work, rewards, merit cards, monthly reports, etc., creates interest and helpful rivalry among the children, but great care should be taken that no seeming partiality be shown.
"Encourage the children, too, in drawing maps, etc., and in beautifying the school-room with pictures, flowers and plants, and in making the school-room and grounds attractive and pleasant,-the model for other school communities.
"The enrollment and average attendance of pupils this year was way below what it should have been, but I am relying upon you and your trustees to make a better showing for your community and the county as a whole for 1908. Visit the homes of your children and urge the importance of regular and prompt attendance; enlist the active co-operation of the parents and others, and insist upon them frequently visiting your school; advise often with your Trustees; maintain good order and dis-

113
cipline in the school-room and on the play-grounds with the least possible friction; cultivate the love, respect and esteem of the children, and the confidence and loyal support of patrons and trustees, and insist upon obedience and thoroughness in school-work. Be attentive, gentle, kind, loving, helpful, industrious and altogether prudent and consistent yourself, both in the school-room and out -a teacher both by precept and example'-intensely practical in all your work-and I am persuaded that the year 1908 will show good results, and a revival of interest along educational lines of which we will all feel justly gratified that the labors and sacrifices expended were not in vain.
"Kindly write me often of and concerning your schoo~ work and progress, submitting specimens of the childrens' work in rpap. and other drawings, contests, compositions, essays, etc. Be sure to hold Seventh Grade Examinations when ordered to do so, and to return papers promptly for the State School Commissioner's certificate.' ,
This letter had good effect and was followed by frequent visits to the schools-every school in the county being visited one or more times during the year-and by talks to the children and patrons.
The communities and schools, as well as teachers and trustees, all showed a hearty co-operation, and the Commissioner was greatly encouraged to push forward, feeling that Cherokee would soon t,ake high rank among the counties of the State in school work and results.
In furthering the great work set before the several school communities, I :find that the most serious drawback in many sehools of the county was and is, perhaps, lack of directness and purpose among the teachers, many

114
of whom have not the tact, the preparation nor the proper understanding of how to do their duty, some merely teaching until something better is presented, or to get a little money with which to go somewhere else or engage in some other line of work, or else to get money with which to purchase and make up their trousseau. (By the way, about fifteen of the Cherokee teachers married in 1907.) However, there are many good, capable, consecrated teachers in Cherokee, and the impress of their work is being felt. And, too, Cherokee has sent to other counties in Georgia, and elsewhere, some teachers who rank high in the profession. In fact, Cherokee has lost many of her best teachers, and mainly, too, because of the small. compensation and slow payment of same, having to rely solely upon the State's generosity.
Very few school communities in the county supplement the public fund, and consequently the teachers are compelled either to seek other and more remunerative fields of endeavor, or else work on ridiculously low. salaries, which oftentimes results in cheap teachers or mere school-keepers.
Union Hill is the only district in the county that levies a local tax for educational purposes, which maintains a long term school, except the town of Canton, which has a nine-months local school system. The town of Woodstock is preparing to issue bonds for the erection of a school building and for other school purposes. /}'he Reinhardt Normal College at Waleska derives some supplemental support for a nine-months term from the Methodist Conference and other sources, and is accomplishing much for the boys and girls not only of this immediate section, but the State at large. Ball Ground,

115
Holly Springs, and a few other schools in the county, raise some funds by private subscriptions and maintain long terms, but most of the schools are run only during the public -term of five months on the public fund.
What Cherokee most needs is thoroughly capable, tactful, practical, consecrated teachers, but 'to get and hold them monthly compensation commensurate with their merits must be provided. The best way then to accomplish this, under our present State school system, is to accept the provisions of the local tax law. And then require attendance on school of every child of school age. Indeed, I am not so sure but that compulsory attendance should be required any way. It is almost enough to discourage the most ardent school worker and educational enthusiast to read the statistics of enrollment and attendance on the schools of Georgia as a whole, and especially to visit many school communities and see the indifference of parents in permitting their children, for trivial or no cause whatever, to remain away from the school oftentimes within a stone's throw of their doors. It is almost or quite criminal.
But my short time in school work with the teachers, trustees and patrons, leads me to feel that the year 1908 is the beginning of renewed efforts and more concerted action for the accomplishment of much and lasting good, inasmuch as the people all seem to be more interested and more inclined to make personal sacrifices and personal efforts than in past years. Already we begin to see better attendance upon the schools, more interest manifest by pupils and parents, better buildings and equipment, the people more eager to talk and work for the schools, and a harmony of interest in school work regardless of local or personal impediments in work

116

along other lines. An incentive to better attendance

upon the schools, too, is the great improvement in the

public highways that is being made by Ordin~ry W. J.

Vlebb.

Indeed

I

a, m

encouraged

to

believe that, /

if

the

present

interest is not suffered to lag, Cherokee soon will rank

among the best of the rural counties -in the State in

school work and results, and in years to come will pre-

sent to Georgia and to the world some of the strongest

men and women of the times. I have great respect for

:md confidence in the boys and girls of Cherokee, who

are naturally bright and ripe with promise.

BEN F. PERRY, C. 8. C. Canton, Ga., May 31, 1908.

(Mr. Perry was elected in the summer of 1908 Asst. Treasurer of the State, being succeeded as C. S. C. by Hon. J abez Galt.)

CLAYTON COUNTY.

J. H. Huie, C. S. C.

It is gratifying to report some material progress along educational lines. The Board of Education has labored earnestly and faithfully for the improvement of the schools, and the entire system of schools in the county. The Board, feeling that the drag-along-in-debt policy, and paying the teachers a very meager salary was not the right policy, has been using all the economy possible for the last few years. No rotten-down school houses have been patched up; no agents of publishing companies have been dipping deep into our funds, so that we now, instead of being badly behind with the teachers, as we were a few years ago, have a good bal-

117
ance to our credit in the State treasury; the school term was lengthened from five months to seven months; the salary of the teachers was raised considerably. There was an increase in the enrollment of 334, and in the average attendance of 344. Some of the schools were operated for nine months,-the patrons supplementing the salary of the teachers by paying a small tuition fee. The teachers, it seems to me, have been unusually faithful and laborious, and the pupils unusually studiouf5. The teachers are not trying or expecting to make teaching an easy calling, but are wide-awake, not only to the importance, but also to the laboriousness of the work which lies before them. In my visits to the schools I find very little to condemn, but much to commend, both in teachers and pupils.
The Board regrets that only one district has seen proper to vote a local tax for school purposes. When the Board laid off the county into school districts under the McMichael law, it went to the extent of its power. It has no power to force the people to build good central school houses or to vote a local tax. That now is up to the people. If they are satisfied, and are determined to continue the little one-room-one-teacher schools, what more can the Board do ~ Still, I see nothing very discouraging in this, but much that is encouraging. The feeling for local tax is growing stronger every day. On important questions,-and this is certainly one,-people need time to think. If local taxation for schools is a good thing, they are going to find it out, and they are not apt to let a good thing slip. I firmly .. and conscientiously believe that the time is not far distant when every district in the county will maintain its ; schools, in part, by local taxation.

118
Sometimes the progressive interest along educational lines is indexed or indicated by the building Qf new and improved school houses. In Riverdale district they have built a splendid new brick house costing $2,000.00. In Panhandle district they have built a good, new house, a credit to that community where there are so few interested in schools. In Morrow they have built an annex to the old house, making a good up-to-date two-room house. In Tanner's they are building a good large substantial house, to take the place of the old dilapidated one.
The colored people have built a good house in J onesboro, worth, when completed, about $750.00. They have also built one at Dixons, worth about $400.00.
Many other items might be mentioned showing material progress, and upon the whole the year 1908 has been a prosperous year with the schools of Clayton county.
J. H. HUIE, C. S. C.

COWETA COUNTY.

V. A. Ham, C. S. (!.

The schools of this county made considerable progress during 1908.
The enrollment exceeded that of 1907 by 800 pupils, and the average attendance was 679 more than the previous year.
Two new school houses were built during the year, and six repaired, and four of these have been equipped with new patent desks. Some other schools are making arrangements to do the same.
In my visits to the schools, I urge the teachers and the

119
pupils to stir up the patrons on the question of better school houses and better desks.
Five school districts have voted local taxation, and these districts are operating their schools from eight to nine months.
The schools, not under the local tax system, are operated for six months-120 days.
The Teachers' Monthly Institute is well attended, and the teachers take a lively interest in the work. I have urged, at the monthly institute, the importance of a good library in each school; and as a result of the efforts on the part of the teachers in this direction, many of our schools have a nice nucleus for a library.
v. A. HAM, C. S. C.

CRISP COUNTY.

J. W. Bivins, C. S. C.

Crisp is one of the new counties in the State. We took a few steps forward during the year 1908. Our people are still interested in other improvements anticipated.
The first and most important step was to adopt local taxation for the entire county, outside the City of Cordele, which has a splendid local system of its own. This has enabled us to pay all salaries, better salaries, and to extend the term to seven months. Our tax rate is only two mills.
We built two new school buildings, repaired three, and acquired the titles to two more, the seven valued at $3,300.00; the five added the year before, valued at $2,250.00, making twelve buildings now owned by the County Board, valued at $5,500.00, against none prior

120
to that time. No tax money was used in acquirmg this property, for none was-collected before December, 1906. \Ve hope to own every building in the county by the end of this year, 1909.
A crisp county girl captured the State Medal in the essay contest offered by the U. D. C. 's; a crisp county boy captured the first prize-fifty dollars-offered at the State Fair at Macon, for the best ten ears of corn raised by a school boy in the State. \Ve had local contests in oratory and elocution, and used other methods intended to stimulate the pupils.
The last order for school desks supplies every building in the county with patent desks, and two buildings have been painted. Local taxation will put us in shape to accomplish better results. There is not a kicker in the county. The people see the good effects already, and prospects are promising.
However, our conditions are not .ideal by any means. It will take continued efforts to make our school advantages what they should be, but this item only calls for a few of our accomplishments during the year 1908, the main ones having been given above.
J. W. BIVINS, C. S. C.

DADE COUNTY.

G. A. R. Bible, C. S. C.

In obedience to your request I send you a written report of my work as C. S. C. in this county, and the condition and school interest in the county.
First, I will say -that I am encouraged and believe that the interest in schools are education is moving up.. I came into office the last of March. The schools

121
of 1907 were at a low ebb. I appointed an early institute in order to have an educational rally at the close of the institute. The people responded from all over the county, and the rally was an admirable success, and the people were aroused as they had not been for some time. The question of local taxation was agitated, but no action has yet been taken.
Right here I will say that it is not so much the want of more money to build up our schools as it is the indifference of the parents to send the children to schooL
Early in the year the B. E. granted the people and teachers the right to open their schools at an earlier period than usual or at any time in the year within the time to close before the end of the school year. So the opening of the school was all the way from first of June to the first of September, which gave the C. S. C. more work than if the schools had all opened at the same time. But I did not mind the -extra-- work if it gave an impetus to the school interest. I had twenty white and two negro schools. The enrollment of the white children was 968 or 86 per cent. of the school population. The average attendance was 592, or 61 per cent.-rather low, but better than formerly. The two colored schools had an enrollment of 88. Every negro child of school age attended schooL The average attendance was 70, or 79 per cent. Several of our school houses are very poor. Our county is peculiarly situated. We are bounded on the North by the State of Tennessee, on the West, State of Alabama. Our entire Eastern county line is on the top of Lookout Mountain, consequently the people are scattered and live far apart. But at the same time it is often the case that the highest percentage of attendance is our mountain

122
schools. I had seven (7) State and county line schools this year in the county. Have one school house built on -the State line,-part of the house in Georgia and part in Alabama. The teachers at this place are contracted with from both States.
Our county, or the population, is so situated that it could not be satisfactorily districted as directed by the McMichael bill. At one place, Rising Fawn, we consolidated three schools into one and have a prospect for a fine school there. I will say here in conclusion that I believe I have secured a better grade of teachers for 1908 than for years past. I am confident that the results will prove most gratifying. I have two schools already opened for this year with a splendid attendance. I want to have another educational rally as early in the year as practical,and I hope to have the State School Commissioner with us at that time. I think now that I will have the rally, as I did last year, at the close of the institute. I shall bend all my energies to build up the schools this year and better school houses.
. Our Board of Education is composed of good men, public spirited men, and are interested in school affairs and are standing by and sustaining the C. S. C. in his work.
I am very hopeful of a successful school year for 1908.
Your obedient servant,
G. A. R. BIBLE, C. S. C.

123

DECATUR COUNTY.

J. S. Bradwell, C. S. C.

'1'0 the Honorable Grandi Jury, May 1'erm, 1909:
- In compliance with the law, I herewith submit to your honorable body my report on the school operations in the county during the past year, together with the Commissioner's Annual Report and Consolidation of Public School Teacher's Annual Reports for 1908.
The enrollment of white pupils in the public schools was 2,566, an increase of 303 over last year; and that of the colored pupils was 2,911, an increase of 311 over the previous year.
The average attendance of the whites was 1,534, an increase of 125; that of the colored was 1,835, an increase of 204. The per cent. of attendance on white enrollment was 59.7, that of -the colored 63.
. The above figures show the necessity for some form of compulsory attendance. The state should protect the innocent and irresponsible children from the sins of their parents in withholding from them these rights and privileges which are provided for them. In many other matters the State throws around the minor its protecting arm to shield him from harm to his legal rights during his helpless minority, but in this most important right, the child has no protection from those entrusted with his keeping. The State should make it a criminal offense for any parent to rear a child in illiteracy to the age of 12 years. In our county, where we have schools in reach of everyone, there is no excuse for it. If the law says that a parent shall not allow his child to work in a factory, in protection of its physical health, why cannot the law also say that he must protect its mind from the blight of ignorance?

124
The State certainly has coherent rights to be protected in the development of' its citizens for future service and mental efficiency.
During the past year our Board of Education form~d four new school districts, making forty-eight in the county. Among these there are at present twenty-five which supplement the county school funds by local taxation. It is needless to say that these twenty-five districts embrace,with two exceptions, the most efficient schools, the most competent teachers, and the best school houses in the county.' Six districts voted for local taxation during the past year. It is evident that the people are becoming more and more convinced by occular demonstration around them that the only way to lmild better school houses, 'furnish them better, employ competent teachers, and to operate longer terms in order to educate their children in the rural districts, is to supplement the small amounts appropriated by the county by a local tax. The railroad companies and other corporations pay a large proportion of these local taxes, making it comparatively light on the people of those districts where these corporations operate.
In deference to the suggestion of the State School Commissioner, in view of the uncertainty of getting the increased appropriation made by the last legislature, and the fact that the $3,665.88 which we received last year for hire of the State convicts has been taken from our school funds, the Board had to reduce the rates of the appropriations to the schools for the present year.
Our teaching forces have been steadily increasing in efficiency and zeal, in proportion to salaries increased and it would be little less than a calamity to our State

125
if our law makers do not provide for meeting the full appropriation for the ensuing school year.
Our annual teachers' institute was held December 7-11, conducted by Prof. Ge.o. D. Godard, of Moultrie, with an attendance of 60 teachers. Prof. Godard prepared a program covering as thoroughly as practical the work expected of a teacher of the common schools. The program was heartily entered into by all the teachers, and the subjects assigned brought out discussions highly profitable for practicable application. The institute did much toward inspiring the teachers, and they aU went away with a new zeal, greater enthusiasm and better preparation for the work of the approaching new year.
We had twelve white schools employing one, and five employing three or more assistant teachers. The Board provides for the employment of assistants in all schools having an actual attendance of forty pupils.
Five new school houses were built and furnished with patent desks and seats, and eight others previously built were furnished in like manner during the year.
The school census was taken of all children in the county between the ages of six and eighteen years, including both white and colored, giving a total of 7,401; the whites numbering 3,147, and the colored 4,254. The statistics on illiteracy show that there were 82 white and 523 colored children in the county over ten years of age who could neither read nor write. In the census of five years ago these statistics on illiteracy were 138 whites and 656 colored. So we see what the public schools are doing towards wiping away the blot of ignorance in our county.
J. S. BRADWELL, C. S. C.

126

DOOLY COUNTY.

E. G. Greene, C. S. C.

I submit a review of the educational condition of Dooly county for the past year, in compliance with your request.
.I think the school conditions are gradually improving. Parents are taking more interest in the school work and are demanding better teachers.
Special effort has be.en made this year to grade the rural schools and to improve the discipline. We have tried to impress both teachers and patrons that discipline means training the children for future citizens as well as controlling the school. The grading has been greatly improved during the year, but is by no means perfect as yet.
Our teachers are doing good earnest work, but are greatly hindered by irregular attendance.
We have built three new school houses this year and have repaired several others. All our school houses are ceiled and are supplied with these desks.
We have seven local tax districts and three municipal systems in the county. The local districts create considerable friction in operating the schools of the county. We think it would be much better to have a county system.
The sections that levy a local tax being mostly on the railroad and near the towns, strongly oppose a county system. We find that it will be hard to get a county system with their opposition.
Yours truly,
E. G. GREENE, C. S. C.

127

DOUGLAS COUNTY.

G. T. McLarty, C. S. C.

J COMMENTS OF THE GRAND DRY.

"Weare encouraged to note .the progress made by our Board of Education in the establishment of district schools. We bespeak for them the hearty support and co-operation of all our citizens in systematizing the schools in our county, in order that factional strife may cease; the cause of education advanced, and our schools established on a permanent basis.
Two districts supplement the State funds by local taxation and have the benefit that accrues to them under that law, and we recommend that they have the fostering care and support of the County Board of Education until they become permanently established."

G. T. McLARTY, C. S. C.

ECHOLS COUNTY.

- J. G. Prine, C. S. C.

The year 1908 was the most successful in the cause of education in the history of the county. The small schools in the spl:1rsely settled sections are demanding better teachers, and the patrons are adding more to their teacher's salaries by private subscription in order to secure them.
Our school buildings are in better condition than they were in 1907. Teachers, patrons l1nd pupils are becoming more interested in buildings and school grounds than in previous years. I am still at work on local taxation, and I am sure we are gaining ground, for many of our strongest men are beginning to realize

128
that local taxation is the remedy for better schools, longer terms, and more competent teachers.
There were fifteen white schools in the county and five colored. Fourteen white schools were taught all or part of the term, and three of the colored schools were taught.
We had very little trouble in securing teachers for our schools, as there were from two to four applicants for each place.
Grading our schools is progressing slowly on account of irregular attendance, for all the children, you might say, live in the rural districts, where they are kept out of school to work at home, for it is almost impossible to secure the needed help on the farms without using the children. Therefore, it is a lamentable fact that so few children remain in school after they pass the fifth grade, and but few complete the fifth grade in our rural s~hools. A central high school in the county would be an incentive for the children, an inducement to parents to send their children to school.
My problems in school work for 1908 were getting the people more interested in schools, to show them the value of local taxation, and the necessity of obtaining . competent teachers to teach their sch@ols. I could not do all of above as I would like to have done, but I did the best I could in the limited time I had to work.
1908 was the banner year in our county in school work. 'Ve hope to make 1909 better than the one that has passed. It is my earnest desire to create a greater desire for advancement in education among our boys and girls, which ,,:i11 better prepare them for the struggle that confronts them.
J. G. PRINE, C. S. C.

129

ELBERT COUNTY.

J. N. Wall, C. S. C.

Our schools are not in a prosperous condition. We have some good schools, but in the main they are quite unsatisfactory.
We can boast of a limited number of fine teachers, but the majority have had little or no experience in school work; yet we send, annually, quite a large number of young persons to the State Normal, at Athens.
We are making slow progress in the improvement of school houses.
The August freshet of 1908 almost devastated the whole county--nothing like it was ever known here, therefore, the financial depression is casting a gloom over the educational field at present, from the standpoint of building new school houses; but there are instances where good and substantial improvement is going on. Two good houses have recently been built, and another is going up. The enrollment was very good, but the average attendance was low. The great scarcity of labor compels many children to lose valuable time from school.
We have only one school district under local taxation, with two more making application. We hope to take an advanced step in 1909.
J. N. WALL, C. S. C.

EARLY COUNTY.

B. R. Collins, C. S. C.

In pursuance of your request for narrative report of the educational conditions of Early county, I herewith submit a brief summary of the year's work.
We have enjoyed the largest attendance and enroll-

5-de

130
ment in the public schools in our history. Which fact is largely due to the class of teachers now employed in the common schools.
During the past year two new school houses have been erected at the expense of the communities building them, the Board of Education being unable to help them more than to furnish desks and blackboards.
We now have five white schools in school districts which have voted school tax, all of which schools are being extended to seven and eight months. These schools have served as object lesson to other districts, and we expect at least fifteen more districts to join the local tax column before the year 1910.
The people are more enthused in consolidating schools than ever before, and we are now at work on the consolidation of four schools into one that will be a credit to this section of Georgia.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
B. R. COLLINS, C. S. C. Early county.

EFFINGHAM COUNTY.

A. E. Bird, C. S. C.

The school population of Effingham county is as follows: White, 1,410; colored, 1,268.
The total enrollment for the year 1908 was: White, ] ,235; colored, 879.
The enrollment by _percentage was: White, 87 per cent.; colored, 69 per cent.
The daily attendance was: White, 64 per cent. of population; colored, 50 per cent. of poulation.
The schools of Effingham county have made decided progress during the year. All of the schools were

131
taught during the year; most of them made the full term of five months. Eight schools were run from seven to nine months.
Three good and comfortable school houses were built during the year. One by the Board of Education, one partly by the Board, the patrons furnishing the funds to complete it, and one by the patrons.
Several of the school houses have been ceiled, and a few have been furnished with good desks and blackboards. .
Some of the school buildings are in bad condition, so much so that it is impossible for the teacher to do anything like satisfactory work.
With few exceptions our schools are inefficient. The reason is that any one-teacber school of fifteen to twenty-five pupils will have pupils in all of the grades prescribed by the State. And with so many branches tc be taught requires the teacher to hurry through the recitations, and very little of the work is thorough.
The remedy is in consolidation. When this is done and two teachers or more are employed, the recit.ation periods are longer, and better work is possible. Consolidation has been tried in two sections of the county, and has proved a success.
We do not hold monthly meetings of the teachers, but hold the regular annual institute. The teachers attend the institutes, and have been helped in many ways.
Our county has four local tax districts. Some quite systematic work is being done looking to local taxation for the county.
A. E. BIRD, C. S. C., E. C.

132

FLOYD COUNTY.

J. C. King, C. S. C.

It affords me pleasure to note that the Board of Education of the county is, with the co-operation of the patrons, improving yearly the educational affairs and conditions of the schools of the county by securing COlllpetent teachers, by supplying the buildings with modern school furniture, and by erecting comfortable and conyenient buildings for the accommodation of the children residing in the school districts. Eleven of the fiftytwo school districts successfully operated schools under' local taxation last year by i:r:l.Creasing the sessions from two to four months.
The monthly meetings held for teachers during the public school session were well attended, and interesting and instructive in a great measure to all in attendance.
At the educational contest held at the close of the spring session of the schools, the contestants competing for premiums rendered their declamations and recitations admirably.
The commissioner divided the county into five school districts, and offered five premiums,-one for each district to the pupil making the highest standing in an examination on grammar prepared by the commissioner and written by the contestants in his presence.
The interest of these examinations was fully manifested by the large number of pupils who entered the contests, and the purpose and results were highly gratifying to the commissioner.
Four school houses were built during the year in the county. The Board of Education expended during the year nearly four thousand dollars for patent desks for the schools.

I

133
An annual meeting of the school trustees was organized during the year, and will be continued by the commissioner for the purpose of a closer unity of action of the trustees, the patrons and the commissioner.
Yours truly,
J. C. KING, C. S. C.

GILMER" COUNTY.

w. H. Allen, C. S. c.

Report to Gmn'd Jitry, May Term, 1909.

In accordance with the requirements of the law, I have the honor of submitting to you a copy of my aimual report for the year 1908, to the State Department of Education, covering the operations of the public school; of Gilmer county, the financial accounts and vouchers of which are on file in this office for your inspection.
Under instruction of the State Board of Education, the school census of the county was taken during the month of April. It is much to be regretted that this census showed a decrease in the number of school children. The census of 1903 gave us a school population of 3,250, while under the one taken this year, we were reduced to 2,702, a decrease of 548, a number so great as to seriously affect the progress of our common school system; reducing, as it does, our aI1propriation from the State some $1,500.00. This is indeed very discouraging, and just how to meet the situation is the problem now confronting the' present commissioner and Board of Education.
If we could get our school districts under the banner of local taxation, I believe this would to a great extent

134

solve the problem of better teachers and better schools and longer terms, but our people seem very slow to act.

We have only one district in the county which has

voted a local tax, and that was taken so late in the year

that the district will not derive any benefits until next

- year. In case local taxation there proves satisfactory,
I feel confident that other districts will soon fall into

line. In some of our country districts property valua-

tion is so small that it is doubtful if even this plan is

practicable.

.

In the matter of school houses, I am glad to report

that much progress has been made in this respect in

the last few years. Our county is now very well supplied with comfortable, well-constructed buildings. In

IJlmost every district there is a neat, and comparatively

new school house. There were erected during this year

three new buildings. rrhe proper seating of these

houses is the next step forward for us. In this respect

we are woefully lacking, as well as in school room ap-

pliances, such as maps, charts, globes, pictures, black-

boards, etc. But this very great need is gradually

being realized by the patrons and trustees, and I trust

all of them will soon be supplied with such appliances.

I also regret to report that among the schools of the

rural districts there are very few libraries, but we are

hoping that we m~y be able to impress on the minds of

the parents the great value and importance of providing

their children with good literature. In this connection,

I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of 250

books for young people, donated by a lady in the North,

to be distributed among our rural schools as a nucleus

for school libraries. We have placed these books in the

135
schools where we think they will do the most good, and where the schools will add new books each year.
Our county is laid off into school districts under the amended McMichael bill. We have endeavored to comply with that law in full. Trustees are elected in compliance with same, and the trnstees, as a rule; are looking after the affairs of their districts enthusiastically and efficiently. In the matter of school districts, our present County Board of Education are waking up to the fact that we have too many districts for our population. It is their best judgment that our forty-five districts, of necessity, lessen the efficiency of some of our schools by their not having a sufficient number of children to maintain a good average. This is quite a difficult problem for us to solve satisfactorily, owing to the fact that our population is not evenly distributed, and also that we have so many mountains, rough roads, and dangerous mountain streams with which to contend. In my judgment, it will be necessary to abolish some of our smaller, more remote schools by consolidating them with larger schools. By so enlarging our districts in territory and reducing them in point of number, we would be enabled to have wide-awake, progressive schools with much better averages. On account of local conditions, just how to re-adjust our schools in order to bring about this much desired result, is, indeed, a vexing problem. However, we hope, during the year 1909, to accomplish some good results along this line.
The County Board of Education are to be commended for their wisdom in raising the salaries of our teachers. Weare now paying our third grade teachers $20.00 per month; second grade, $25.00; first grade, $32.00, and teachers holding a State license, $35.00 per month.

]36
While these salaries are rather small, yet, when the num ber of our schools and the amount of the public school fund our county receives from the State are taken into consideration, it will be seen at once that these salaries are altogether reasonable.
We have two very efii"Cient central high schools in our county, one the "Ellijay Institute," located at Elijay, the other, "Oakland High School," located III Oakland district, 8 miles East of Ellijay. These two schools have done a great work in advancing the educational interests of our county. Giving, as they do, impetus and inspiration to the common school Syst"'LL1, and furnishing practically all of our common school teachers, it is nothing but justice that we continue our annual appropriations to them in aiding them to further the cause of education among our people.
Very truly yours,
W. H. ALLEN, 0. S. C. Gilmer county.

I
GRADY COUNTY.

J. B. Wight, C. S. C.

The attendance on the schools in Grady county during 1908 shows a slight falling off from the attendance of 1907. This is due mainly to the exodus of people, chiefly colored, to the tobacco growing region located in the adjoining county of Decatur and in Florida. Barring this fact, the schools as a whole are equal if not superior to what they were a year ago. By this it is not meant that they are ideal and that there is not much room for improvement. The greater part of the rural section of South Georgia is still missionary ground for the dissemination of correct ideas as to education. Con-

137
sideration of the child as a source of revenue, rather than as the future man or woman, is too often given precedence. The effects of ithis are seen in a large attendance during the time when there is no work to do; but when the busy season on the farm comes, the attendance is often pitifully small.
Our territory is well supplied with schools; and, strange to say, this multiplicity of schools is our chief educational draw-back. With an area of 450 square miles in the county, there are 48 white schools. Most of these schools have only one teacher. The Board of Education recognizes this great weakness in our school polity, but they have not yet had the courage "to take the bull by the horns," and reduce the number. As it is our people are suffering incalculably by this over supply of schools.
I believe that an improvement is being made in the character of our teaching force, but that there is much room for improvement goes without saying. It is the idea of some that a "teacher is a tGacher." It has never occurred to such that there as almost an infinite difference in teachers, not only in the work which they do, but in the character7impress that they leave on their pupils.
There are five local tax districts in the county, three of them including the only towns in the county, and two being in the rural districts. All of these are doing good work, and are demonstrating the wisdom of the people in taking themselve to supplement the' State funds. Results achieved in these districts promise to bear fruit in the increase in the number of our local tax districts.
Efforts have been made to magnify the position of the trustee in Qur school system. To this end a meeting of

138
nearly all the white trustees in the county was held in January which I believe has resulted in good. At this meeting the duty of trust~es was explained, and their value shown in maintaining a good school. Heretofore one of the chief functions of the trustee has been to hold his commission, and to increase the difficulties of the teacher by meddling in little matters of discipline that had best be left to the teacher. In this manner trustees have impaired rather than increased the efficiency of the schools in many communities.
Evidences of a gradual awakening of our people as to the educational duties and advantages are apparent. Great movements are slow. We are trying to hold the ground that has been won, and to make some new advance each year.
J. B. WIGHT, C. S. C.

GREEN COUNTY.

W. A. Purks, C. S. C.

Complying with your request for a brief review of the school work of our county during the past year, I respectfully submit the following:
In regard to buildings and equipment there has been a very decided increase in interest. Two of the leading schools, Union Point and Greensboro, have within the last year erected buildings costing respectively ten and fifteen thousand dollars each.
This sentiment is by no means confined to towns, for since the above stated work was begun, two of our county districts, Buena Vista and St. Marys, with such help as the Board of Education saw fit to grant, have built and equipped creditable school buildings, and oth-

139

ers contemplate, and will do a similar work before the

fall term opens.

'

There are only three local tax districts in the county,

two of these are strictly county districts with no village

as a center; but this does not indicate the number of

long term schools. As the most of our schools supple-

ment the public term to some extent, varying from two to

four months. We have reason to be encouraged in re-

gard to our county schools, there being a marked in-

crease in interest on all lines which tend to furnish bet-

ter opportunities for children to obtain an education.

While the above conditions prevail, yet, there are a

sufficient number in every small community who are

indifferent to the education of their children, to cripple

the work of teachers by failing to keep the pupils regu-

lar in attendance, hence this is the problem which needs

most immediate attention in our county, and one which

in many instances is beyond the power of teachers to

correct.

Our schools were all supplied with teachers .who

sought to do conscientious work, manifesting an interest

in the upbuilding of the schools in their respective

charges.

W. A. PURRS, C. S. C.

HABERSHAM COUNTY.

C. W. Grant, C. S. C.

The schools of Habersham have not reached my ideal -when teaching myself my school was not as I wished. Of the forty white schools in the county a few seem to be about as good as one could desire. Our county is peculiarly blessed with high school advantages-about one-eighth being long term high schools.

140

Clarkesville, Demorest, Cornelia and Baldwin justly

boast of their good schools and the fine work done by

them. We find abundant fruit from the rural schools

in the pupils entering, well prepared, into the schools

of higher grade of this county.

The Agricultural school of the Ninth district is located here in this county.

It opened up last September (1908) with fine pros-

pects, and every indication points to a successful future.

The faculty is well equipped and earnest, and the boys

and girls afford the best material to be found anywhere for such a school.

The common schools of the county had a term of 100

days which were well attended except in the peach belt

along the Southern railroad in the busy gathering

months of July, August and September.

Our Board of Education is thoroughly alive to the

county's every educational interest, and leaves nothing

undQne, within its power, that will put Habersham in

the very front rank of the counties of Georgia educa-

tionally.

_

I wish to commend the several grand juries of the

county who so willingly and cheerfully gave for the

school purposes the convict hire due our county from

first to the last.

We have comfortable school buildings in every dis-

trict in the county, and this is one draw-back to the

great importance of consolidation-the only hope, in

my judgment, for the rural school.

Local tax is being agitated and new converts are daily

being made, as boys and girls grow up and parents be-

gin to dread sending their children off to school and

from under their own parental roof and care. I am

141
hopeful that in a few more months or a few more years at furthest we will see of the travail of our soulsmoney, good teachers, long term schools, our children educated at home-and be satisfied.
C. W. GRANT, C. S. C.

HALL COUNTY.

R. L. Blackwell, C. S. C.

Our schools are improving some we think. This improvement is very gradual and not so noticeabl~, as a whole. In some districts the improvement is marked and is quite recognizable. Since April 1, 1908, to J anuary 1, 1909, there were four districts in our county that voted on the question of local taxation; in these elections there were 52 votes cast" for" and four votes cast" against" local taxation; an average of only one vote against in each district. This gives us eight local tax districts in the county. In two of these districts they had the misfortune of having their school building burned, and have replaced with handsome new three and four-room buildings, and in each a splendid auditorium as well.
Our Board of Education.. has decided to have our dis-
tricts surveyed and the roads measured, so as to make our re-districting on a basis of right to all concerned.
Our County Board has. offered prizes to the amount of $50.00 to the school children of our common schools for the best exhibit of agricultural products. This has been done the past two years, and it has created enough interest in nature study and the study of agriculture in a more scientific way that the Board has made the same for 1909. 1,Ve think this a good move in this

142
agricultural county, and expect splendid results from the movement.
Our connty teachers, together with the city teachers of Gainesville, have formed a county teachers' association that meets every four weeks, on Saturday. This is growing in interest and a good work is being done. We hope that more of our teachers will become interested.
Our last institute was ably conducted by Mr. D. L. Earnest, and much good was done. A few of our teachers did not take advantage of this opportunity, and by not so' doing, we have a small teachers' library started. A number of trustees and patrons attended part of the time. At 11 :45 each day we would have a lecture from some one of the local pastors to which the public was invited and attended.
R. L. BLACKWELL, C. S. C.

HART COUNTY.

B. H. Pearman, C. S. C.

Report to the Grand Jury, March Term, 1909.

The school census taken in 1908 shows 3,158 white children and 1,393 colored, making in all 4,541 school children between the ages o"f 6 and 18. Of the white children' in the county 2,980 entered school during the year, leaving only 178 who did not enter; of those who did enter the average attendance for the entire public term was 60 per cent. on enrollment, a better average attendance than we have had heretofore.
During the year we have had seven new school houses erected for the white schools, and one for the colored, and two others for the whites, making nine in all since

143

the last report. These new school houses are modern

school buildings, well arranged for light, ventilation,

heating, and sufficient space to the rooms for the num-

ber of children to be accommodated. The new school

law, which requireB the county to be laid off into

districts of certain sizes, has been complied with, which

gave two faithfully

teachers for nearly and legally observed

thevisernyewscohordole,r

and will

if in

a short while give two teachers in every white school

in the county, and in several schools three teachers for

the entire school term. Following this plan we can have

much more efficient work done in the schools both by

teachers and pupils. This will make it possible in sev--

eral of the most populous school districts to build first-

class high schools. Why not educate the children in the

country at. their own schools for the avocation in life

that nearly all of them will follow, instead of sending

them to town to be educated away from farm life1

If we reach the ideal that is possible under the new ar-

rangements there must be co-operation between the

school officials and the patrons of the schools. If we can

get our people to see that their children are all entitled to

the very best school advantages that we can possibly

give them, and that in no way can we increase the etli-

ciency of our schools more than increasing the number

of teachers to each individual school, and that the little

inconveniences attending the new school law are of

-minor importance when you consider the increased

efficiency of our schools.

There are 26 school districts in the county, of these

14 have voted local tax, leaving 12 to follow. This is a

very good showing on that line when we consider that

so many misrepresentations have been made by peo-

144
pIe who really know better, that those who do not know may be persuaded to cast their votes against their own children's interest.
To show the increased interest in the schools by the patrons, there were only two white schools in the county that did not supplement the teachers' salary, whereas a few years b~ck only two country schools made a regular practice of supplementing the salary of the teacher.
For the present year I am more closely supervising the schools, and making every effort possible to inaugurate the best system possible for our schools. I hope to see a good modern school house in every school district, thoroughly equipped for school work in every department. vVe have only a few of the old huts left, that a few years ago stood by the roadside "A ragged beggar sunning," and I hope to see them djsappear in the next year.
Gentleman of the Grand Jury, you are the representatives of the people; you can do no greater work for the coming generation than by giving your full support to the new order of things, and every faithful effort on your part, where it is intelligently directed, will help to decrease the number of true bills that your predecessors will be called upon to return. More time, intelligence, and money put into our schools will mean less time and money prosecuting the criminals of our country. More good school houses will decrease jail and court-house expenses. Which is better f
c. B. H. PEARMAN, S. C.

145 HANCOCK COUNTY.

M. L. Duggan, C. S. C.

POPULATION.
The school population of Hancock county is as follows: White, 1,395; negroes, 5,716.
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT.
The total enrollment in the public schools for the last year was: White, 1,152; negroes, 3,003.

ATTENDANCE.
The average daily attendance was: 'White, 701 for eight months; negroes, 1,580 for six months. rrhe enrollment by percentage was, white, 80 per cent.; negroes, 52 per cent. The daily attendance 'Yas, white, 50 per cent. of population; negroes, 26 per cent. of population. Comparing the enrollment with the census, we find that there were only 243 white children in the county betw"een the ages of six and eighteen who did not enter our public schools last year, and of this 243 some were attending schools and colleges outside of the county. More than four-fifths of our white children were in school last year, and th~ has also been true for some years past. We believe that this is as many as should be in school; or, to state it differently, we believe that one year out of five 1s not too much to keep a child out of school between the years of six and eighteen. However, the daily attendance is not all that is desired, being only a fraction over 50 per cent. And yet if every child in the county makes six full years of eight months each in efficient schools they should have attained at least "the elements of an English education."

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We believe that enrollment and average attendance is very largely influenced by the character of the schools, and that attendance is satisfactory in proportion as the schools are efficient. We may well consider whether it is not better to make our schools efficient before we attempt compulsion of attendance upon inefficient schools.
PROGRESS.
The schools of Hancock county have made decided progress in many ways, and we believe they have attained to some degree of excellence. We have now good, comfortable, and attractive school houses. These are furnished with approved desks of best patterns, blackboards, charts, and other appliances. Many of the schools now have libraries of carefully selected books suited to the advancement of the pupils. Our teachers are trained and experienced, and we believe are unsurpassed by any corps of county te::tchers in the State. They are conscientious, consecrated, and efficient teachers.
INEFFICIENCY.
And yet our rural schools, with few exceptions, are inefficient schools. We mean by this that our boys and girls passing through these-schools are not, for the most part, thoroughly grounded in the "elements of an English education." This may be easily proven by any careful examination of the pupils of the rural schools. It is equally true of other counties as well as ours.
THE REASON.
Almost any rural one-teacher school of fifteen to twenty-five pupils will have at least seven grades of

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pupils. The laws of the State prescribe nine branches (History and Civics being combined.) The adopted course of study requires that every grade shall be taught all of the branches, except geography in the first grade and physiology in the first and second grades. This makes an average of over eight branches for all of the seven grades. Now after allowing for any possible alternating and combinations we would still have from thirty to forty recitations a day, which means from seven to ten minutes per recitation. It is impossible to do any thorough teaching with such short recitation periods, and yet this is just what is necessarily attempted in most of the rural schools all over Georgia. It is not to be wondered at that most of our rural schools are still doing very unsatisfactory work, even with the best of teachers. No one-teacher school can ever be an efficient school.
THE REMEDY.
Where two or three schools can be consolidated into one, the number of pupils are increased, but there will generaJly be no increase in the number of grades. By increasing the number of teachers, however, the recitation periods are correspondingly increased, and hence it is made possible to do some real teaching in each of the branches to all the pupils. Instead of seven to ten minutes recitation periods we shan have from fifteen to thirty minutes, according to the number of teachers, and the efficiency of the school is increased in still greater ratio. The inconvenience of attendance and the cost of maintenance need not necessarily be increased in any degree.

148
ILLUSTRATION.
The Culverton consolidated school, in this county, now serves the former patrons of four one-teacher schools, besides its own patrons. The attendance at these schools before consolidation was as follows: Culverton 46; Northern, 15; Oak Grove, 24; Dunn's 23; Wilson, 20; total, 128. The total enrollment at Culverton now is 127. The average daily attendance at the five schools before consolidation was much below what it now is at Culverton.
The cost of maintenance of the five schools (teachers' salaries) before consolidation was $238.00 per month. The cost of maintenance of the Culverton Consolidated School now is (for three teachers and four wagons) $218.00 per month.- And yet the pupils reach their school with less walking than formerly (by the four wagons), and have the benefit of three times as long recitation periods. We do not know of any patron of this school who would again willingly patronize any oneteacher school. Many other important advantages that the consolidated school has over the one-teacher schools are so evident that we do not deem it necessary to enumerate them.
THE PROBLEM.
The most important problem, then, that confronts the Board of Education of Hancock county is that of consolidation and transportation, and in working it out in the interest of our rural schools we ask for the moral support of our grand jury and the sympathy and active co-operation of every citizen of the county. When this can be successfully accomplished there will be left no

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reason why our rur~J schools should not be in every way as thorough and as efficient as any city schools, and vastly better suited to the needs of their patrons.
Respectfully submitted,

M. L. DUGGAN,

March 22, 1909.

O. S. 0., Hancock county.

HEARD OOUNTY.

H. H. Oook, O. S. C.

The year 1908 has been a very successful school year in our county, with general conditions encouraging. Our enrollment and attendance has' been very good, and I believe some better than 'the previous year, and there seems to have been much progress made along the lines of education, but not as much as should have been.
Our County School Board has set apart the first three months of the year, and two latter summer months, for our schools to be in operation, in order to suit the convenience of the patrons, and to give all the rural children ample opportunity of making the hundred days allowed by the State, which is working very satisfactory to our people.
In addition to our public term, a few of our schools have had a private term of two months, making in some localities a seven months school which is showing good results. I have often advocated this plan to all of our school districts, and hope yet to see them adopt this plan by supplementing the public term by an additional private session which can be done very easily. We are glad to note that our people as whole seemingly are becoming more enthusiastic, and much more interested in the education of their children than usual, one

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evidence of this fact is, they are trying to secure better teachers, better equipments and better school buildings.
Our teachers, too, are beginning to place a higher estimate on their profession as a occupation, by preparing themselves better for the duties of the school-room, realizing the importance and responsibility which they are under, and due both patrons and pupils.
In reference to local taxation that I have made mention of in a previous report, will say our people are making slow progress on that line. Only one more district added to our roll in Heard county since our last year's report, making now only two in the county. Yet these are matters for the people to consider, and we as school officials must content ourselves to labor and to wait.
Surhming up as a whole the school interest and conditions in our county, will say the people are more earnest and concerned than usual about the education of their children, the teachers seem laboring more earnestly to give satisfaction and to advance their pupils, and a majority of our school buildings are pretty good.
Yet we intend to work for a continuance and better. ment along this line, and hope to see our school interest advance year by year.
H. H. COOK, C. S. C.

HARRIS COUNTY.

T. L. Thomason, C. S. C.

Taking everything into consideration, I am very well pleased with the record made by Harris county during the year 1908 on educational lines. We did not accomplish near all that we wanted to accomplish, nor all

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that we could have accomplished, but there was more interest taken by a greater number of citizens in educational work than in any year in the history of the cDunty.
More long term schools have been in operation and more money paid by patrons than at any time in the past.
The demand for better schools and better teachers is on the increase. Three districts have local taxation, and I think others will be added to the number this year.
Our annual institute was well attended and considerable interest taken in the exercises.
The monthly meetings held by the teachers were interesting and instructive, giving new life to the educational affairs of the county.
In addition to the medal offered by the United Daughters of the Confederacy for the best essay on the late war, I offered a gold medal for the best essay, on the same subject, written by a Harris county pupil. Several schools entered the contest and much interest was manifested that was very helpful. I regret to state that we are doing very little towards beautifying school houses and school grounds.
T. L. THOMASON, C. S. C.
\

HENRY COUNTY.

Lawrence Duffey, C. S. C.

In looking over the field of school endeavor in this (Henry) county for the last year we find a great many things that are satisfactory and encouraging, but there are matters which are not fully up to the standard or .not what we might wish, hence it requires a constant

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and unremitting attention on the part of the school officials and teachers. Chief among them is the fact that some local trustees are indifferent in the matter of selecting capable teachers; often young and inexperienced teachers are selected for no other reason than that they will work for reduced salaries, or possibly for the salary paid by the County Board, relying solely on the State to defray the expense of educating their children. Of course, to a thinking mind this is the most expensive of all work, when we .consider that the children are compelled finally to foot th.e bill.
I am glad to note that our teachers and some patrons are working to beautify the school building and grounds. Trees, shrubbery and fruits are being set out and cultivated. One of our teachers has a nice orchard of various kinds of fruits. Grapes and figs are on a part of the grounds, while another has a miniature farm of one acre on which to illustrate and teach the subject of agriculture.
I note with pleasure the results of consolidated and graded schools, as against the one-teacher schools. In the former the attendance is much greater and more regular. More interest is manifested by teachers, pupils and patrons. Libraries, music, both vocal and instrumental are made part of the daily work. Those people in our county who insisted at first for one-teacher schools are having their eyes opened and are being taught an object lesson which I am sure will soon reduce the few one-teacher schools that are now in existence.
It is the purpose of the school authorities to begin actively the establishment of a good working li,brary in each school, and to place a good teachers' library

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in the office of the County School Commission. In fact, we have already secured several volumes for this already.
Our teachers have recently formed the Henry County Teachers Association. Monthly meetings are held, and the attendance by the teachers is excellent. One of the purposes of this association is to meet with different schools, to induce the people to attend, and thereby come in closer touch with them, so that they can be to some extent informed on a great many subjects.
Summing up our attendance numerically is greatly improved. Our teachers seem to be deeply interested and enthusiastic. Weare growing slo';ly but surely, notwithstanding the fact that we are still hampered, particularly this year, by want of funds.
LAWRENCE DUFFEY, C. S. C.

IRWIN COUNTY.

.T. VV. Weaver, C. S. C.

The schools of Irwin county for 1908 were kept in operation for five months, one hundred days. Each white school, twenty-six, run nearly the whole term. The colored schools, sixteen, were all opened, but some run only two months.
The enrollment and attendance were not as good as I would like to have had it, due mainly to the scarcity of farm labor, and I fear to some extent, to indifference on the part of patrons.
We did considerable building and repairing during the year. Have placed up-to-date desks in nearly all white schools in the county.
The class of teachers, the work done in the schools

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and in the institute, while not the best, were above an average.
Inspired by the local tax fund the Board of Education increased the term to seven months for the fall and spring of 1908-9, to begin November 2, 1908. This term has been most successful up to date, February first.
The class of teachers, the work being done in both schools and the institute, which is held monthly, conducted by the commissioner and teachers, are the best we have ever had.
All white schools and most all colored schools are in operation with a splendid enrollment.
We are un~ble to meet the demands for new buildings and supplies. This shows considerable interest, at least, in a material way. We have been successful in the consolidation of a few schools.
Taken as a whole, the schools are by far in the best condition they have been since my connection with them, ten years ago, with bright prospects for the future.
Respectfully submitted,
J. W. WEAVER, C. S. C., 1. C.

JEFF DAVIS COUNTY.

T. J. Ellis, C.-S. C.

To the Grand Jury, Spring Te'rm, 1909:
Gentlemen: Complying with law, I herewith submit my report of school work for the year ending December 31, 1908.
The committee appointed by last grand jury have seen my books and will report thereon to your body.
There were during last year twenty white schools,

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with an enrollment of 763, or about 28 to the school

upon an average.

There are six colored schools with an enrollment of

198 or 33 to the school upon an average.

The entire enrollment for the year for both races was

961, exceeding the year 1907 by 44. While the increased

enrollment is only slight, the general average for the

year 1908 was about 12 per cent. better than for the

year preceding.

_

The schools are now in promising condition, and the

outlook is bright for the present year.

There is one serious drawback; viz. : not enough funds

available to build and furnish modern school houses

and run the schools for a sufficient length of term to ac-

complish what is expected of them.

We have an earnest body of teachers who are doing

their best, and the wonder is that they are doing as well

as they are under the circumstances.

The best, and in fact, the only way out of the diffi-

culty is as I have said before through local taxation.

The provisions of this law are familiar to most peo-

ple, and anyone wishing to do so can get a copy by call-

ing at my office at the court-house on any Saturday.

We hope in the near future to conduct an aggressive

campaign on this issue, and earnestly ask all friends

of education living in the rural communities to look

into the provisions of this law, and if they can do so

conscientiously to give it their support.

This February 24, 1909.

T. J. ELLIS, C. S. C.

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JONES COUNTY..

E. W. Sammons, C. S. C.

On the 24th of September, 1907, an election for local tax was held and carried. No levy was made for that year.]'or 1908 the Board of Education ordered a levy of 21-2 mills, which has netted about fivt: thousand dollars. With this fund we have been enabled to extend the term of school, to improve the school property, put one or more assistants in schools needing them, pay better salaries, secure better teachers, have better work done, and consequently patrons are better satisfied. Many having formerly opposed local tax, after this short experiment, heartily endorse it.
With the State fund we could only run our schools five months. All the schools were in session seven months in 1908. In addition to this the Board agreed to. pay one-half where patrons would agree to supplement in order to have an eight or nine months term. . Under this arrangement, nine white schools extended the term to nine months, and three extended it to eight months. Five negro schools also run eight months. The white schools were all well; attended, but the negro schools were so indifferently attended that several of them were discontinued for failure to average ten pupils, the number required by the Board.
From our experience we are assured that it is useless to try to have a longer term than five or six months for the negroes. In this county there are no towns for them to congregate in; they are entirely agricultural, and need their children to chop and pick cotton, and will not send regularly longer than the time mentioned. But we propose to run the white schools full nine months without requiring any private supplement, which generally falls upon a few.

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Only a few years ago we had thirty-four white schools -all one-teacher schools. Now, 1909, we have only twenty-four, and really need but twenty. Of the twenty-four now in session, Gray and Haddock each have three teachers, Bradley and Round Oak have two each. These are our most efficient schools, and we need further consolidation in order to have greater efficiency elsewhere. We are working along this line patiently, though persistently. Each step of progress makes it easier to take another. Prejudices give way when success is .attained. Our Board is providing for the conveyance of children who are too far to walk, paying from six to fifteen dollars per month, according to distance and number conveyed.
For the first time in our history, the Board borrowed funds in the spring -term to pay our teachers monthly. Formerly they had been discounting their salaries at a serious loss. There are no more self-sacrificing laborers in any vocation, and they deserve better of the State and public generally.
Respectfully,
E. W. SAMMONS, C. S. C.

LIBERTY COUNTY.

E. B. Way, C. S. C.

Complying with your request for a written statement of educational conditions for the year 1908, I beg leave to submit the following:
We operated thirty-five white schools for six months each, during the year, with an enrollment of 1,086 pupils. Average attendance, 690. Thirty-five colored schools, with an enrollmeht of 1,494. Average attendance, 744.

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I visited nearly every school twice during the season.

I consider that the white schools are making some

progress, but am not satisfied with the advancement

among the colored.

The greatest problem that confronts me is to get the

parents interested sufficiently to keep their. children

regularly at school, and to supplement county funds in

order to lengthen the school term.

We pay first grade teachers a salary of $50 per month

for an average attendance of twenty and' upwards.

Second grade, $45; averttge attendance 221-2 or more.

Third grade $40 for an average attendance of 'twenty

or more.

Our schools are usually supplied with very good

teachers. It is very hard to carry out any "teachers

improvement club," being so widely separated.

I have endeavored to impress upon the children the

importance of an education; also upon ~the teachers the

responsibility of instilling knowledge and character in

the minds of their pupils.

I would recommend that our county assess a tax for

local school purposes.

/

We have only one local tax district at present, Ludo-

wici, at which place the Liberty high school is situated.

We also have five long term schools supplemented by

patrons.

E. B. WAY, C. S. C.

LINCOLN COUNTY.

W. B. Crawford, C. S. C.

In submitting a brief review of the work accomplished by the schools in Lincoln county during the year 1908, Twill say that a comparison of school conditions as they

159
exist in the county today with those of five years ago will show a progress that is exceedingly gratifying to the friends of education. It was scarcely a year ago that my term as county school commissioner began, but in entering upon the duties of this office, I succeeded my late father, who filled the office for fifteen years prior to his death, and from whom I acquired a familiar knowledge of conditions as they were when he first knew them, and the advancements made from time to time during his terms of office.
Contrasting school conditions as they exist in the county today, with those of five years ago, I will say that marked improvements are to be noted in every respect, particularly in the quality or grade of teachers employed, in the value and comfort of the school houses, and in an increased percentage of the school population enrolled, and a higher average of attendance. In addi-
tion to these, it is gratifying to note in some sections
of the county a growing disposition on the part of the people to manifest an interest in educational matters. This tendency towards increased interest in the schools was manifested in the Amity district by the consolidation of three small schools into one large one, and the erection of a large, comfortable, and modernly equipped academy building in the place of the three little shanties that formerly served the district as school houses. It was also manifested in Powell's district by the overwhelming vote of the people in favor of local taxation for support of the schools, which plan, however, was defeated by a decision of the courts, based on a defect in the manner of holding the election, which the minority discovered. It was further manifested in a number of educational rallies held at some of the rural churches

160
throughout the county, in connection with the Children's Day exercises of the Sunday schools, and at which the County School Commissioner and others delivered educational addresses. Another evidence of better support of the schools by the people, is the rapidly growing number of long term schools, in which the public term of five months is supplemented by a private term of from two to four months. More than half the white schools of the county are now operating with these supplementary private terms.
The school census taken during the year developed some interesting facts. It showed an increase in the white population of nearly seventem per cent. over that. of five years ago, while the increase in the colored population was little more than seven per cent. ]~or a county remote from the highways of public transportation like ours, and with but limited facilities for commercial and industrial development, the showing made in the white population is worthy of note. This marked increase is accounted for by the fact that in recent years large numbers of settlers have removed to this county from North Georgia and the Carolinas. These are, for the most part, thrifty farmers with progressive ideas, and they have carried their ideas of progress to some extent into the schools of the communities to which they have removed. Two distinct evidences of improvement which this census showed are the gradual decline of illiteracy and the marked increase in the value of the school buildings. With a white population of 975, there were but eleven reported as being unable to read or write, and the percentage of total illiteracy shown in both races was but six and seven tenths, against nine and one-third, reported five yeats ago. But the greatest

161
improvement shown is in the increased value of the school houses. IIi 1903 there were thirty-four school houses in the county valued at $2,350, and in 1908 there were thirty-seven school houses valued at $9,850. The splendid condition of our school houses is a subject of favorable comment by visitors to our county.
In the year just closed there were in operation in this county twenty-one white schools employing twentythree teachers, and sixteen negro schools employing sixteen teachers. As a whole, I believe the teachers of this county will compare favorably with those of any county in the State. They are in the main an earnest, faithful and efficient body of workers for the cause in which they labor, and in my visits to the schools I have been impressed with the up-to-date methods in teaching which most of them employ. The good results of their work was demonstrated in a measure at the county contests held in March, when representatives from the white schools of the county met at Lincolnton and competed for prizes offered by the Board. Five prizes were offered as follows: Spelling, two grades; reading, elocution, and declamation. Muc4 interest was manifested by the general public in these contests, and the pupils who competed acquitted themselves in such manner as to reflect the highest credit on their teachers.
While it is pleasing to note these evidences of material progress, I cannot remain insensible to the fact that our system of public education is far from being ideal, and yet stands in need of many important improvements. The effectiveness of the work in the school-room is hampered by irregular attendance, and this, too, has interfered in a large measure with a uniform system of thorough graduation. This condition, however, is
(i-de

162
growing better by degrees. Our county has been divided into local school districts in compliance with the requirements of the McMichael law, but this law in its entirety is not as yet in successful operation in this county. We are endeavoring, ho.wever, to get to a complete compliance with all its provisions, and I believe in time will do so. We want more consolidation of the country schools, and with the one at Amity affording such a splendid example of the advantages to be derived from such a course, I hope that other communities may be induced to follow. We want a public term of six months instead of five as at present, and the county board is already considering means whereby it will be enabled to prolong the term a month, beginning with next year. We want an accredited high school for Lincolnton, and I am losing no opportunity to urge the establishment of one. These and other needed improvements are receiving consideration, and I believe our prospects are exceptionally bright.
VV. B. CRAWFORD, C. S. C.

MADISON COUNTY.

J. A. Griffeth, C. S. C.

Some improvements were made made in school conditions during the y~ar 1908.
Weare endeavoring to accomplish, so far as possible under existing conditions, a graded system of schools in this (Madison) county. I do not believe that any satisfactory system will be accomplished without a compulsory school law. However, more teachers are employed in each school, with some exceptions, and the work is more efficient than formerly.

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I am striving to impress upon the minds of our people the importance of supplementing the public fund by local taxation, or otherwise, in order to employ more competent teachers and at least two in each school. I am encouraged in the progress made along this line.
Our schools are being supplied with normal trained teachers.
Three districts have voted local taxation, and still others are inquiring into its merits. I think elections will be held in other districts during the present year, 1909.
We have regular monthly institutes, and our teachers, as a rule, are prompt to attend and seem interested and encouraged in their work.
I feel that much good may be accomplished through trustees when they are awakened to a sense of their duties. Hence, I am doing considerable work along the line of interesting our trustees. By this means, in some districts, already better buildings and more teachers in the schools has been accomplished.
The average attendance was poor last year on account of measles in many communities and dissatisfaction among patrons caused by consolidation. However, the enrollment and attendance is encouraging this year (1909).
The Board of Education built four new school houses during 1908, and added to and repaired many old ones. We now have, with few exceptions, good school houses throughout the county.
The prospects are good for better public roads in Madison county, which, I think, will improve the attendance in the rural schools.

164
Considering all the surroundings, the outlook and prospects for an advanced movement are good.
J. A. GRIFFETH, C. S. C.

McDUFFIE COUNTY.

M. W. Dunn, C. S. C.

Our schools were in operation five months-January, February and March in the spring, and November and December in the fall.
Every school in the county was supplied with teachers hefore the opening day, and all schools were kept running for five months. The enrollment and attendance was better than the previous year, but still there were many children who did not attend, as shown hy last census.
Out school houses are not what they should be in many respects. I am doing all I can to have better houses and desks. Wherever a new house is being built I, offer every encouragement by getting my Board to assist.
Institute meetings were held monthly while' the schools were in session. I find this plan much better than one week in July or August, as many teachers are attending normal schools about th1s time, and the attendance is usually small.
Respectfully,
M. W. DUNN, C. S. C.

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MITCHELL COUNTY.

J. H. Powell, C. S. C.

I am persuaded that, as a rule, the conditions in Mitchell county are gradually improving. The people, generally, are being awakened to the fact of the great necessity of educating the children. Two districts have voted local taxation, other districts are awaiting with interest the result. It is to be hoped that in a short time all the districts will elect local taxation, or the county as a whole, as is preferred by some of our people. The evidences of improvement in some- sections or localities tlre quite observable from more than one standpoint: better school-rooms, better equipped school-rooms, and more pleasing and more favorable surroundings with manifest desire for good teachers, with general tendency to nobler and higher plains. Our enrollment for the year 1908 was in excess of any previous year. With every opportunity I endeavor to impress upon the minds and hearts of both parents and children the importance of co-operating with the teacher in every matter tending to success. I find in some rural communities the irregular attendance is a great drawback or hindrance to better progress. Pleading has not as yet solved this problem.
As a whole, I feel that we are progressing educationally.

J. H. POWELL, C. S. C.

1 I

I

166

MONROE COUNTY.

T. H. Phinazee, C. S. C.

TO' the Grand Jury, February Term, 1909:
The school year begins in Monroe county on Septemtern 1st, and patrons are privileged to select the time for opening, provided the nine months be taught before September 1st of the next year.
There are thirty-six (36) school districts in Monroe county, this number made necessary by streams and hilly nature of our county. There are thirty-six (36) white schools in successful operation. Of this number twenty-one (21) of the school houses have been built by the Board of Education. The deeds to these are in the Board, and they are insured for three (3) years for ten thousand five hundred ($10,500.00) dollars.
The following school houses to which the Board has deeds have been painted, furnished and repaired: Rogers, Smarrs, Pleasant Grove and Cabaniss; these also are insured for three (3) years for two thousand ($2,000.00) dollars. Tabernacle, Blount, Fleming and Bolingbroke have been painted and repaired. The Board has a deed to Rocky Creek school, though no repairs have been made.
West Point, Blue Ridge, Patillo and Strouds have not received any betterments. Banks Stephens' Institute has a mortgage over it for about twelve hundred (1200) dollars. The Culloden school building has a bonded indebtedness, the exact amount of which I do not know. This covers the structural conditions of the schools.
In the operation of the schools the authorities have been actuated by a desire for thoroughness in the primarystudies. They are pledged to the idea of whatever education a child may receive from the schools of Mon-

167
roe county that it be effective as far it goes, so that it may become a helper to the child to get the most that is possible out of life. We do not have to look far to see the ill effects upon the young of this sorry preparation and the pity of it is even in mature years, evidences of this improper instruction will not down and the mind still remains tied near the surface.
Teachers have been urged not to neglect the primary, though most useful, studies such as spelling, diacritical mark, surface geography and grammar. I am glad to state here that there are seventeen (17) schools in the county where high school courses are taught. Many schools in the county show a high order of instructive power and executive ability on the part of the teachers and corresponding growth on the part of pupils. Blackboard demonstrations on the part of these pupils show, in some instances, a thorough knowledge of the first principles of their studies.
Teachers have been advised where practical to give individual instruction to pupil when necessary, and in schools where this line has been followed, I have found the most harmonious work as related to both children and the spirit of the school.
Yet, with the efforts of the school authorities to better the actual work of the school-room, the system is yet in process and with many imperfections.
In trying to methodize and give a distinction of purpose to educational matters, to rescue our schools from , 'aimless wandering to unseen ends," many difficulties have been met. Among them I might mention that the cost of school improvement has lessened salaries to that extent where teachers feel that there is not an equality between the work and the compensation; though efforts

168
are always made towards securing skilled and normal trained teachers.
While not discouraging the interest of the patrons as to who shall teach their school, the Board has often been at a disadvantage by the application of teachers for positions in neighborhoods where relatives reside. This, with an unwillingness to provide a home or boarding place for teachers are twin evils to progress. But
the blandest and most inviting cause to failure is the
apathy of patrons. Second and even third class teachers may be stimulated to effort and activity by seeing that patrons are eager and identified with duties towards the schools.
T. H. PHINAZEE, C. S. C.
Monroe county.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY. A. B. Hutcheson, C. S. C.
To the Grand' Jury, Montgomery County Georgia, May Term 1909:
GENTLEMEN :-At this term of the Superior Court it becomes my duty to report to your honorable body the condition and management of the public schools of Montgomery county for the year 1908.
During that year the schools of the county were operated a term of seven months.
During the year there were forty-five white schools taught, employing sixty-four teachers; and twenty colored schools employing twenty teachers.
During the year we enrolled 2,883 white pupils and 1,042 colored pupils, making a total enrollment of 3,925 pupils. This shows an increase over the roll of 1907

169
of 441 white pupils and 94 colored pupils, making a total increase of 535 pupils over the year before.
During the year there enrolled in the first, second and third grades 1,871 white pupils, 865 in the fourth and fifth grades, 162 in the sixth and seventh grades and 75 in the high school grades.
There were 857 colored pupils enrolled in the first three grades, 180 in the fourth and fifth grades, seven in the sixth and seventh grades but none in the high school grades.
Of the sixty-four white teachers employed during the year more than 85 per cent held first grade licenses and the other 15 per cent were mostly second grade teachers. Weare making every effort that can reasonably be made to raise the standard of the teachers employed in the schools of the county. We give no encouragement to any but what we believe to be the best teachers available.
Last fall just before the opening of the schools of the county we employed Prof. M. L. Brittain, Superintendent of the schools of Fulton county to conduct a teachers institute five days and required all the teachers employed to teach in this county to attend said institute. By doing this the teachers employed were taught how to teach and went direct from the institute to the school room where they co~1d put into practice the methods, theories, etc., taught them during these five days.
In order to operate the schools of the county seven months the Board of Education found it necessary to levy a tax of $2.75 on each $1,000 worth of property returned for taxation in the county.

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Asking a careful consideration of this report and your most hearty cooperation in the school affairs of Montgomery county, I am,
Yours most respectfully, A. B. HUTCHESON,
C. S. C. Montg'omery County, Ga.

MORGAN COUNTY.

F. L. Florence, C. S. C.

Prior to the year 1908 our county was solely dependent upon the State appropriation for money with which to operate its schools. Notwithstanding the fact that this amount was insufficient to operate successful schools, we kept our schools running, I judge, with average efficiency for six months of the year, until the Legislature made it possible for the Board of County Commissioners to utilize the county's quota of felony convicts upon the public roads. This was deemed necessary in our county, and I have no criticism to make upon the county authorities for so doing. It was, however, a staggering blow to our school interests. As a matter of justice to our schools I appealed to the grand juries of successive courts for several sessions to authorize our Board of Education to submit the question of local taxation. to .the votes of the people without avail. Hence, our term was reduced to five montils and our resources about twenty-five hundred dollars per annum. Not until the passage of the McMichael act did we ever succeed in getting the question before the voters. We met with opposition, of course, and with defeat by thirty-three votes in our first attempt to secure local taxation under this act. Three districts of the county, however,

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adopted local taxation, but met with difficulties in inaugurating the system that made its success dubious. Feeling that the district plan adopted first would hinder the inauguration of a county system, and perhaps forever bar some districts from the benefits of an extended term and better school facilities, I discouraged the adoption of local taxation by districts, and undaunted by defeat in the first effort, with renewed efforts and stronger determination, backed by the patriotic sentiment and efficient personal efforts of a loyal Board of Education, I inaugurated a new campaign, during what .we may call the vacation period. I visited the several school communities, having first published dates and appointments in the county papers, also the purposes of the meetings. I went throughout the county and placed the facts of our school embarrassment before the people, and pressed our claims, inviting discussion on all mooted questions. These meetings were not usually largely attended. Wherever we secured a good sized audience we did not fail to enlist friends to the enterprise. At the next election, resulting from the petition circulated throughout the several districts by trustees of the schools, whom 1 had previously called together in a general meeting at Madison and made acquainted with out situation and needs, we carried the county for local taxation in spite of the fact that efforts were made to defeat us at the polls by technical irregularities in holding the polls, delivery of returns, etc. The returns showed only a small vote, and the necessary majority was little more than secured. On its face the returns did not seem to be a representative vote. But the opposition did not contest the election, though I was informed an investigation with that end in view was made.

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The next step by the opposition was to get control of the Board of Education by electing new members either totally opposed to local taxation or who would he conservative in levying a tax-in other words who would hold down the rate of taxation for schools to a minimum. This scheme was all but successful. The new Board is not altogether of uniform views in respect to this subject. But they all realize that something must be done to support our schools beyond what is received from the State fund. Last year a levy of only three-fourths of one mill was made. With a small balance brought over from the year 1907, the appropriation for 1908, and a little over two thousand dollars local tax, we have been able to keep our schools up to the standard already attained, for seven months during the year 1909.
I have related the foregoing as preliminary to what follows, and in order that the reader may understand why.a system of schools operated for seven months may not exhibit that degree of progress and efficiency, one would naturally expect from a county claiming the benefits of local taxation and a longer term.
We have consistently contended for more money than we have received, and are now receiving. And we propose- to continue to do so. We have accomplished this. The principal of local taxation is recognized by our opponents, and to meet the necessities of another seven months term for the year, 1909, the rate has been increased to one and one-fourth mills. We are holding our own, and are gaining some ground, and still striving to better our system in other respects.
THE SCHOOLS.
Morgan county has twenty-seven white schools and thirty-four negro schools. The county has been re-dis-

,
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tricted under the McMichael act. We have nineteen sub-districts. These were laid off as nearly as possible to make some white schools already established the center. Some of the districts necessarily contain more than one school for whites or -negroes. The county has an area of 346 square miles. This would make the 19 subdistricts average about 18 square miles in area. The City of Madison is located near the center of the county, and also is in the center of school district No. 10, though it is an independent local system by special enactment. It has a splendid system of public schools, embracing in its curriculum a three years' high school course. We have no white, school in the county system in school district No. 10, but pay the tuition of the children living without the limits of the City of Madison for their attendance in the city schools. We have three negro schools und~r the county system outside Madison and within or near the boundary of the 10th sub-district.
HIGH SCHOOLS.
The Tenth District Agricultural School of the State is also located within this sub-district, and furnishes the advantage of additional high school studies to the pupils of the entire county who desire to take the Agricultural Course. I am glad to say that this school is now doing good work, and we hope for it a brighter future than seemed at one time to await it.
We have three other schools in the county employing each three or more teachers, embracing in the course of study high school work, and employing male principals and lady assistants. The school at Rutledge, Ga., is situated in school district No.3. It is. about nine miles West of Madison on the Georgia railroad, and

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enrolls about one hundred and twenty pupils. The school at Bostwick, Ga., is located North of Madison twelve miles and North-east of Rutledge nine miles. It enrolls about one hundred pupils and employs a male principal and two assistants. The Buckhead school is situated seven miles East of Madison, and about twelve miles South-east of Bostwick. It also has a male principal and two lady assistants. We need a similar school in the Southern part of the county about ten miles from :Madison, and as the little town of Godfrey is growing very rapidly, I do not doubt that within a year or two we will have it. This accomplished, we will have the county divided into five sections, each of which contains centrally located as nearly as practicable,'"a school furnishing to the respective sections high school advantages, and with sufficient contiguous territory and population to support such schools. At present the course of study in these schools above the seventh-grade is not uniform. I think that some of the work at present is rather pretentious. My view is that the four district schools should not attempt but two years,-at most a three years' course of high school work, and that the central school at Madison, or the Agricultural School before mentioned, should furnish the final year's preparation for the State University. This accomplished will give us almost a perfect system of schools in this county.
GRAMMAR SCHOODS.
In those white schools having more than fifty pupils in attendance with some private aid in the matter of tuition, we are placing two teachers, and allowing eighth studies taught in addition to the common school curriculum. The principal is usually selected from

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those teachers who have proved their superiority in the school-room, especially in respect to school management. Such teachers command higher salaries of course, and to such we pay fifty dollars per month-not what we should pay, nor as much as we would like to, but under present conditions as much as we can. Assistants in these schools are usually selected from the less experienced teachers who will work for a salary not to ex. ceed $32.00 per month. Of this class of schools we have seven in the county. It is desirable that all other schools in the county adopt this plan, either by consolidation and transportation, or by cash contributions to supplement tM State and county funds with sufficient money to employ competent assistants.

THE FULL TERM WITH A SINGLE TEACHER.



Especially should this be done in those communities employing only one teacher to take charge of schools enrolling from thirty to forty pupils, and divided into as many as seven grades. It is this class of schools of which we have fifteen white and thirty or more colored, that gives us the greatest difficulty in securing efficient work. Several of the fifteen white schools either do not embrace all the seven grades, or have only a few pupils; in these we are doing fairly good work, but in those schools that furnish both the grades and the pupils, the work is necessarily unsatisfactory, nor is the fault to be found in the teacher. This, to my mind, is the greatest defect in our county system, barring the spirit of opposition that hinders us from raising the necessary funds to remove it. Let the teacher be ever so competent, she is worked unreasonably hard, and, fully co,nscious that her efforts are ineffective, sh~ either col-

176
lapses into a nervous frenzy, or falls into a state of stolid indifference, either of which is fatal both to her professional reputatio~ and to the interests of her school. No wonder that teachers avoid such positions.
We are gradually reducing the number of this class of schools in Morgan county. A few remain to mar our system, but we are bent upon securing the remedy, and it requires no specialist to indicate what the remedy is.
THE SCHOOL TERM.
In order to utilize seven months we have found it necessary to let the trustees of the several scliool communities fix the time of operating their respective schools. The three high schools begin in September and continue nine months in session. Most of the schools employing two teachers begin about Nov. 1 and run seven or eight months in continuous session, adding one or two months of private term to the seven months public term. A few of these, however, and all the others begin in November and run five months, then close, resuming again in June or July for a two months' summer session. This I do not think best for the schools, but seems necessary in those communities peopled by small farmers and renters who depend largely upon the labor of their children to make the cotton crop. I believe diversified farming, which we expect our Agricultural School to develop, will, to a great extent, remedy this defect of our school system; namely, the necessity for using so much of the child's time in making and gathering crops, and deprivIng him of the advantages provided by the State for improving his mind.

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ATTENDANCE.

The following comparison may be of some interest and serve as an indicator, first, of the progress of our schools, and second, aid in determining whether children can go to school seven months of the year. The census of 1903 gives us the following:

School population: 'fhat of 1908

Whites
1,398 1,442

Colored Total 3,691 5,089 3,655 5,097

The above shows that our school population has increased but eight pupils in five years, that the white school population has increased in five years only 44 pupils, and that the colored has decreased 36 pupils: The difference in population is almost imperceptible.
Now compare the following tables for the years 1903, 1905, 1907 and 1908:

1903 1905 1907 1908

ENROLLMENT.

White 1157 1285 1334 1402

Colored 2274 2339 2476 2827

Total 3431 3624 3810 4229

ATTENDANCE.

1903 1905 1907

White .---------715
740 800

Colored 1378 1166 1236

Total 2093 1905 2036

Term 6 Mos. 5 Mos. 5 Mos.

1908

753 1217 1970 7 Mos.

From the above figures we will see that the enrollment, in the face of the fact that the school population

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has not changed perceptibly in five years, has constantly increased. Likewise, the average attendance upon the white schools, except for the year 1908, and for this year the attendance for seven months, or 140 days, is but forty-seven pupils less than for the year 1907, for a term of five months or 100 days. The attendance of the colored schools has been more variable. The total attendance for 1908 is affected by the comparatively small attendance during the months of November. In this county the cotton crop was large, and late. The children were kept out of school to gather it. The attendance for this month was less than it has ever been for the same month in previous years. Had we run more of the schools four months in the spring rather than tWQ in fall, the attendance would show a decidedly larger percentage.
The comparison shows beyond doubt that schools can be operated successfully seven months during the year.
Our schools are now fuller than I have ever known them. We are using a larger number of assistant teachers than ever before. In fact, we are growing in interest, if not in numbers..
INSURANCE.
We carry insurance on all our buildings. During the year 1908 we lost one of our two-room school houses by fire. The loss was partially covered by insurance sufficient to rebuild a beautiful single-room and equip it with patent desks. We also have just completed a new two-room building worth fifteen hundred dollars, patrons and Board of Education furnishing about equal amounts in locating and erecting the hou5e. It is the pride or the community, which has taken ona new life since. I

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am sending you a report of the teachers in school improvement under separate cover that will attest what I have written.
How WE BUILD SCHOOL HOUSES.
It is the policy of our Board to aid with such sum as we can communities desiring to construct better and more modern buildings, and under this policy we have aided from time to time, in the construction of nearly all of the twenty-two buildings now belonging to the Board of Education.
It is now a prerequisite to securing aid from the Board that a site of not less than two acres be deeded in fee simple to the Board, and that at least half the cost be paid by the patrons.
EQUIPMENT OF SCHOOL HOUSES.
All buildings belonging to the Board are supplied with patent desks, good libraries, maps and charts. A few communities prefer owning their buildings. In such cases our Board has furnished the houses with desks, retaining the title to them. Only one white school in the county is not supplied with such equipment. The building is unnecessary, and in my opinion the school should be discontinued. The pupils are all within two miles of one of our high schools and should be required to attend this school. The Board owns three negro houses only. The colored schools are generally conducted in the colored churches or society halls, which are usually built for both purposes. The Board appropriates or apportions to these schools the amounts necessary to secure teachers, and this is supplemented in some instances by a small tuition fee.

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MONTHLY TEACHERS' MEETINGS.
We hold monthly meetings of the teachers in lieu of the annual institute of one week. This is presided over by the County School Commissioner, and he is sometimes aided by the more experienced of the teachers. We simply could not get along without our teachers' meetings. One of the teachers recently brought in his eighth and ninth grade pupils to attend the teachers' meeting, and I have in mind a plan for others to do likewise, and allow the pupils to lend interest to the occasion by some spirited contests in reading, arithmetic, spelling, etc.
ANNUAL COMMENCEMENTS.
Morgan county is proud of her Annual Commencement occasion, which started under the name of "Oratorical Contests." This occurs in May of each year, and while we do have contests in declamation and elocution, we also deliver the school certificates-or diplomas -issued from the office of the State School Commissioner, and usually have some educator of note present to address the citizens on some important educational topic.
IMPROVEMENT CLUBS.
I have taken up and am at present pushing the subject of school improvement clubs. Am publishing in our county papers some articles or reports from the teachers of the various schools, in reply to the question from me, "What has been done in the way of school improvement in my school during the year 19081" I am forwarding to your office some of these reports.
The reports came in rather slowly until I began to publish them. It's a pretty good idea to let people know

181
that schools are in session. It is also a pretty good idea to provoke others to .emulation by good works. I find that making things public provokes people to do promptly what they' would otherwise leave undone. A case in point, a very pertinent one, too, was that little yellow pamphlet sent out by Mr. Merritt two years ago, exposing some counties to criticism by the exhibition of some of the defects in their schools. My county came in for a pretty severe drubbing. People who before had never manifested any interest in our schools were ready to fight for me, or rather the good reputation that we had secured because of some of our schools that deserved it, but to their surprise, I was not mad, nor hurt, nor disposed to "jaw back." I wish I could give with this article a picture of the neat little school building known as McWhorter's Academy that now stands about a half mile from the elevated knob that formed the site of that unsightly structure known as Studdard's Academy, when Bro. C. G. Adams, of Newton county, uncovered his camera for the picture that graces the little pamphlet before referred to. If I can get one in time I will send you a picture of this new school house.
That little pamphlet did more to increase the efficiency of the schools in this county than anything that has come under my observation. I reprinted a large portion of it, and also the article I wrote in reply that was printed in Mr. Merritt's subsequent annual report.
SCHOOL LIBRARIES.
We have some excellent libraries in our county schools, and are constantly adding thereto. Several teachers have raised funds by special entertainments, and added to the list a number of books valuable for their literary

182

contents and adaptability to the pupils expected to use

them, rather than for the amount of money expended

for them, and best of all the pupils are reading and appropriating their contents.

This article must end, though I hardly know how to

bring it to a close. There is so much unsaid. We are

proud of our schools, imperfect though they be, and must continue to be for sometime to come, but through the

mists of doubt and uncertainty, I catch a faint ray of

hope, which I trust is but a presage of bursting dawn,

to be followed by an unclouded day for the schools of our naturally beautiful and glorious old county.

Financial and statistical reports are rendered under

separate cover.
\

Yours for better schools,

F. L. FLORENCE, C. S. C.

MURRAY COUNTY.

W. D. Gregory, C. S. C~

Our financial report for the 1907-8 term, which closed October 31st last, was submitted to the grand jury of the county at the recent term of court with the following showing: Total to be accounted for $9,299.47. Amount paid out-vouchers shown, $8,278.03. Balance on hand, $1,021.44.
A general review of school work and conditions was also submitted, but the only comments from the general pr&sentments was that they had examined the books of the County School Commissioner and found them very neatly and efficiently kept.
We had a very successful year in many respects. The attendance was really good, though the past three

183
months of the present term has been the most successful period in the history of our schools. More people are taking an interest in educational matters than ever before. More interest is being taken in the building and equipment of school houses than formerly.
We built two good houses during last year. The one at Ramhurst is a large three-room building, costing more than one thousand dollars, and now we have a school there with three teachers and an enrollment of over one hundred pupils. We are now building two more good houses which will cost about six hundred dollars each. Two schools will be consolidated this year and a twelve hundred dollar building erected at Colvard Springs. Chatsworth has added another room to its school building and put in a supply of patent desks. This school, under the efficient management of Miss Lula Gladden, has enrolled one hundred and forty-five the present term out of a possible 'one hundred and fifty. The foundation has been laid for a $4,000.00 building at Eton, and it will, in all probability, be completed before the year closes.
Our greatest hindrance now is the lack of a sufficient fund to enable us to employ in all of our schools an np-to-date class of teachers. While we now have many really progressive teachers in our schools, our meager salaries still compel us to employ many who are not so well qualified for the work that should be done.
W. D. GREGORY, C. S. C.

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NEWYON COUNTY.

A. H. ~'oster, C. S. C.

GENERAL CONDITIONS.
In the main, school conditions in this county are unusually favorable and encouraging. Notwithstanding the fact that the work of the past year was handicapped by an epidemic of measles, in many respects, there are evidences of substantial progress.

BUILDINGS.

Mansfield had in readiness for the September opening a modern $6,000.00 building to take the place of the 8mall three-room structure heretofore in use. A thoroughly graded five-teacher school, with a nine months' session, is one of the gratifying results.

-, With the help of a small appropriation made by the County Board of Education, the patrons and trustees of the Gum Creek school erected during the year a neat, serviceable two-room building.

Two colored schools were built during the year.

Several school buildings were repaired.

For the most part, the school houses for whites are

in good condition.

With few exceptions, the negroes use their churches

for school purposes.

As the necessity for new buildings arises from time

to time, we insist upon improvement in school architect-

ure. The "barn-like" effect so typical of the Georgia

rural schools of a decade ago, is by no means in keeping

with the spirit of educational progress of today, which

recognizes the moral, intellectual and spiritual value of

attractive surroundings.

.

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CONSOLIDATION.
Newton county was one of the first counties in the State to successfully adopt the plan of co"nsolidation. In fact, our best rural schools of today are the direct product of consolidation; nor has the work left off. ",Ve let no opportunity pass to urge the advantages of consolidated schools; and centralization sentiment is growing.
From the present outlook, we will have at least one or more consolidated schools before the opening of next seSSIOn.
Two of the largest and most successful schools of this type in the county are the Mixon and Livingston schools, respectively (four-teachers schools).
'fhree wagons are run daily to the Mixon school (the p'roduct of consolidating four small schools) for transportation of pupils living over two miles distant. Such confidence have the people of that part of the county in the efficiency of this school that a number of patrons residing in an adjoining school district recently petitioned the Board of Education to allow them to patronize the consolidated school, and that transportation facilities be provided for about fifty additional pupils.
Through the enterprise of the principal, a graduate of Mercer University, the pupils issue a creditable bimonthly school bulletin entitled the" Mixon Magazine."
To the above should be added that the Mixon consolidated school is the farthest in the county from a railroad -twelve miles.
No transportation wagons are run to the Livingston school, as the pupils do not have to come so great a distance. Though not even in a village, and ten miles from
the railroad, there is perhaps not a better rural high
school in the State. The eighth grade (first year of high

186
school department proper) the past year, numbered twenty-two pupils.
From year to year a large pecentage of the pupils completing the high school course, enter college directly from this school.
The trustees are now arranging to build a suitable dormitory and principal's home, in order to provide boarding facilities for pupils in that part of the county who are not in reach of a good high school.
TRANSPORTATION.
By no means has school transportation proved a mere fad with us.
For full details, see monograph by Prof. H. H. Stone, Chairman of the Board of Education, on consolidation and transportation, in last year's report from Newton county.
TEACHERS.
In no phase of the work have we exercised more care than in the selection of teachers, as partly evidenced by the following data:
Of the fifty-three white teachers employed, seventeen are regular graduates of reputable colleges; nineteen have had, in addition to high school work, partial college or normal school courses; ten are high school graduates without normal school or collegiate training; the remaining seven (assistant teachers who live in their respective communities and are engaged in teaching only during the "overflow" attendance) have had work beyond the common school branches,-at least a partial high school course. .
Furthermore, as the personality of the teacher is so potent a factor in the work, we have by no means meas-

187
ured the applicant's fitness to teach by mere scholarships alone; hence the personnel of our teaching force is exceptionally good.
As Emory College-an institution that has furnished the State more high school principals and superintendents of local systems than any other college in the State -is within the bounds of this county, it is perhaps inferred that a number of our county teachers are former students of this institution. This, however, is not the case, as the young man who equips himself at Emory is in demand in the town and local city systems.
We are especially gratified at being able to submit so favorable a report of our corps of teachers when it is remembered that about 60 per cent. of the common school teachers of Georgia have had only a common school course-in short no broader equipment than that afforded by the very schools in which they are teaching. Such a teacher is not eligible to a position in this county, and not one is employed.

SALARIES.

Principals (holding first grade license) of one and two-teacher white schools are paid $45.00 per month; of three-teacher schools, $52.50 per month; of fourteacher schools, $60.00.

In most instances the patrons and trustees liberally

supplement the above scale of salaries paid by the

County Board, as will be given in fuller detail further

on in this report.

.

Assistant teachers holding first grade license are paid $35.00 per month, this being supplemented in our best schools.

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LENGTH OF TERM.
The public term proper is only five months, but the Board of Education, to encourage a private or supplemental term, pays (on the basis of above scale of salaries) for half of the time any white school is in operation over and above the five months-the total private and public term not to exceed nine months. This plan has given fine results. In fact, the past year, every school in the county, with only one exception-a school which had a legitimate reason-ran a supplemental term.
The patrons and trustees of white schools, during the school year, supplemented the public funds $4,100.00. The. colored schools raised several hundred dollars.
LIBRARIES.
If we have any hobby in our work, it is the traveling library, for we are convinced that literature has a great social mission in our public schools.
To place in the hands of our boys and girls the best literature, to so direct their reading that it comes homes to them and they see reflected in it the image of their own better selves, and carry with them inspiration through all their after lives-this is the duty and privilege of the public school.
We believe that "it is not of so much consequence what a boy knows when he leaves school as what he loves. The greater part of what he knows he will speedily forget; what he loves he will feed on. His hunger will prompt his efforts to increase his store. The love of good literature (a genuine delight in good reading) is from every point of view the most valuable equipment

189
with which the school can send its boys and girls into the world."
About ten years ago, before the phin had been adopted to any extent in the South, Newton county established an excellent system of traveling libraries that has since proved the norm for many other counties of the State, and to some extent even for other States. This advance movement was due mainly to the intelligent efforts of Prof. H. H. Stone, who has given mor~ than twenty years unselfish service as Chairman of the County Board of Education.
We have at present a traveling libra-r:y of forty boxes -about two thousand vQlumes.
This collection of books consists principally of literature adapted to pupils of public school age, but alE'o includes many volumes for the "grown-ups" of every household.
SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT.
Many of our teachers the past year gave special attention to improving school grounds and the interior appearance of school buildings. The casual passer-by can see the effect, and still further work in the same line is being done this year. Space, however, does not admit of a detailed report.
GENERAL OUTLOOK.
Although our pro-rata of the increased State appropriation for the year 1909 but .little- more than offsets the county's pro-rata of funds heretofore accruing from net hire of convicts, most of our schools are in better condition than ever before.

190
The roads of the county-already in good conditionare being scientifically improved.
Perhaps no other rural county in the State has as well perfected a system of rural free delivery of mail.
With only two exceptions, from our office, we can reach every school community in the county by telephone.
With all these favorable conditions, however, our ideals are far from realized, for it can still be said of the Newton county public school system: " Yet one thing thou lackest"-in that we have not yet a local tax system.
~
Though gratified at the liberality of patrons and trustees in supplementing the public funds, we are not satisfied with our present sy:stem, for a better one was made possible when the McMichael bill became a law.
In short, a tuition or a subscription system of supplementary support and maintenance of schools, however good, is in this day of progress an anchronism.
There is now a stronger sentiment throughout the county"than ever before in favor of local taxation, and we confidently believe that the next election will result in a victory for local taxation, and that thereby the county will still further actualize the possibilities of our schools.
A. H. FOSTER, C. S. C.

OCONEE COUNTY.

J. W. MeWhorter, C. S. C.

Report to the Grandi Jury, January Term, 1909.
In making this my first report of the school work done in this county, I beg to leave to say that during the year 1908 there were twenty-two white schools in operation in the county, with an enrollment of 1,242 and an aver-

191
age attendance of 828, or 662-3 per cent. of the enrollment; also sixteen colored schools with an enrollment of 1,452, and an average attendance of 688, or 47 per cent. of the enrollment.
By an act of the Legislature, approved Aug. 21, 1906, it was made compulsory on the Board of Education to luy off the county into school districts. As this had not been done heretofore, the Board ordered the County School Commissioner to make the districts in accordance with the instruction laid down in the law.
This I have done to the best of my ability, and the maps and descriptions of the districts are on file in my, office subject to inspection. The Board of Education adopted these districts, subject to any correction that may be made between now and January 1,1910, at which time thE:lY, with such changes as may be made, will become the permanent school districts of the county.
The Watkinsville district, previously laid off, has inaugurated a public school system under th~ provisions of the amended McMichael bill, said local tax system having been put in operation in September, 1908, at the beginning of the fall term. '
I find that there is a spirit of carelessness and indifference upon the part of the patrons of a few of the schools in the county to select trustees for their school, and that even after some trustees have been elected they are careless about putting their schools in operation. As soon as the districts that have been recently laid off have been perfected, I shall insist that every district in the county obey the provisions of the law to the letter, in selecting three trustees who shall take charge of the school interests in their districts and put their schools in operation promptly.

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The white schools of our county have been run heretofore upon what is known as the per diem system. The Board of Education has decided to continue this system for 1909, but beginning with next year, I shall endeavor to have the schools operated under the monthly salary plan, which I think will be more satisfactory both to teachers and patrons.
In. April of this year a school census of the county was taken, as the law provides, which shows the following results:
White, males, 699; females, 710; total, 1,409. Colored, males, 804; females, 828; total, 1,632.
Total number children of school age in county, 3,041. Number of white children over ten years of age who can neither read nor write, 18. Number of colored children over ten years of age who can neither read nor write, 153.
New school houses are needed in some of the districts, and it will be necessary to move the house in Orner district in the Northwestern part of the county. This house is old and very much dilapidated, and nothing will be lost in its removal.
The action of the Watkinsville district in establishing a public school system under the amended McMichael bill is a step toward progress and advancement, and we hope that the public-spirited people of this district will not be harassed or hindered in their efforts to establish their school upon a firm basis.
We are sure that your honorable body is interested in the educational interests of our county and that you will appreciate the efforts of the people of the above named

193
district to perfect their school, and your interest in, and commendation of their efforts will be helpful and encouraging to them.
J. W. MCWHORTER, C. S. C.

OGLETHORPE COUNTY.

R. M. Bacon, C. S. C.

"Ne have four hundred and ninety square miles of ter-

/

ritory with less than four white children to the square

mile. During the summer and early fall we had a large increase of white population from North Georgia, and

the enrollment of the children during the fall term gave

us the largest enrollment of white children we have ever had.

Our school term for 1908 was seven months, beginning in January and continuing four months. We tried to have summer schools in some sections. This was un-

satisfactory. Some schools extend the term, some sup-

plement the salary of teachers and others have only the

public term and pay nothing.

Three districts have voted for local tax and are

pleased with it.

Two new buildings were put up during the year, the

Board of ]Jducation paying part of cost.

Local conditions are not favorable to building large

schools, but we are making progress in this direction.

One of the great needs ofour schools is to have at least

. two teachers. in every school. It is an injustice to chil-
dren, teachers and posterity to expect our teachers to

7-de

194
properly instruct seven or eight grades. When this is remedied in our rural schools we will have made a great stride forward in educational work.
Very truly yours, R. M. BACON.

PAULDING COUNTY.

J. S. Turner, C. S. C.

Grandi Jury PreS'entments.
\
,'vVe des~re to report in regard to the Board of Edu-
cation of the county. Very numerous complaints have been made to us from all sections of the county-complaints of the administration of the public school law, and upon investigation of the affairs of that body we find,
First. That the Board of Education of the county have failed to layout and define by definite boundary lines the school districts of the county as provided under the McMichael law.
Second. We also find and report to the court that said Board has not made out and prescribed reasonable rules and regulations for the guidance and protection -of the schools and the teachers as by law we think it is their duty to do.
Third. That they have not fixed a definite time and uniform period for operating the schools of the county.
Fourth. We find in some instances they have made special contracts with teachers by which they are allowed to employ as their assistants to teach in the public schools of the county those ~ho have not stood any examination and obtained a license to teach.

195

Fifth. We also find that the said Board carried over

from the year 1908 to the year 1909 the sum of $2,962.36

Tmexpended of the public school fund apportioned to

said county during the year 1908, and to be expended

in the said year in operating' the said schools of the

county, and to be used in advancing the education of

the children. of the county. This fund we think under

the law should have been expended judiciously, as the

law intended for promotion of education in the county

for the year 1908. In view of the many complaints

which have come to our body and the very great con-

fusion which seems to exist over the county as to the

administration and conduct of said Board, we deem it

our duty to report these irregularities to the court, and

to note in these presentments the very great amount

of dissatisfaction that obtains throughout the county,

from the ,

administration

of

the

school

laws,

an-d

we

earnestly recommend that the court cause a rule nisi to

issue against each and all of the members of the said

Board to require them to show good and sufficient

reason why they have not performed the duties of them

required under the law, especially on the subjects and

matters hereinbefore referred to, and to take such other

actions as may be necessary to compel a compliance

with the public school law."

r.l'he above action of the Paulding county grand jury

resulted in the dismissal from office of the entire Board

of Education by Judge Edwards, and the election of

a new Board by the grand jury.

"

196

PIKE COUNTY.

G. Ben Ridley, C. S. C.

. The county has been laid off into twenty-nine districts, 'and we have one white school in each district. Four of the districts have no negro schools, but one has two. Eleven of the districts have already voted to levy a local tax, and I confidently expect to see five or six come in before the end of this year.
By that time I hope to have the people ready to vote for it as a whole. But if not, the object lesson will be sufficient to convince every district to vote a local tax upon themselves.
With only five exceptions, we have for the white schools good, comfortable school houses; and three out of these five poor houses have good patent desks. Ten of these houses have two or more rooms, and at least two teachers. We are endeavoring to make them all as attractive as possible, hence they are nearly all painted.
We have no school improvement clubs in the county, but teachers are required to give their personal supervision and care to preserve a neat and tidy appearance about the school house and grounds. Hence, our grounds are fairly well kept, and many shade trees have been planted-no flowers. But there is much to be done yet in planting shade trees and beautifying the grounds; for we believe these things are both useful and ornamental, and tend to cultivate the aesthetic taste of the children. We shall strive for improvement in this line during the coming year.
A poor "showing has been made during 1908 in enrollment and average attendance. Out of a school population of over 5,000 we enrolled only 3,105, and made an average attendance of only 1,796. One cause of

- 197
this was an epidemic of measles, mumps, whooping-cough and other contagious diseases which was raging in every district during the spring when all of the schools were in operation, but the chief cause, I believe, was carelessness and indifference on the part of patrons; poor and uninviting school conditions, such as one-teacher schools with 45 to 50 pupils and seven grades; and last, but by no means least, untrained teachers-teachers who think more about getting a good salary than they do of giving value received for what they get. Such teachers are high at any price, and if we find we can't make something of them, we let them move on (but without a recommendation as the best at all). If anybody should chance to read this, let me ask "Please be careful and do as you would be done by. " Not every Christian young lady (even), or man either, though they may be able to make first grade license, who can govern and teach a school successfully. But back to my report.
Now, we have in Pike in round numbers 2,300 white children of school age. We enrolled about 1,500. Thus it will be seen that 800 white children in Pike county did not enter school last year. At least one-third of the white ~hildren in the county who did not go to school a day! Think of it! And most of them living almost in sight of a school which is run for six months free of charge, absolutely, if they wil1. Of the 1,518 white children enrolled, we made an average attendance of 1,020. Nearly 70 per cent. of the enrollment, but less than 50 per cent. of the school population of white children. Very poor showing, indeed! And yet, I can say, that we have made decided progress in many ways, and I believe, yea, I know, that some of our rural schools have attained to a degree of excellence and efficiency;

198 -
and have solved in a degree the problem of attendance, while we patiently wait for the Legislature to give us compulsory laws.
I said last year that the great and crying need of our schools was better conditions-two or more teachers in every school so that the teachers could do better work. I still believe that local taxation is the remedy that will help us to surmount many obstacles, but along with it we must have compulsory attendance. 1909 promises to be the best year in the history of our schools in Pike. At this writing our schools have been running hearly four months, and the enrollment and average attendance has been much better than usual. More interest is being manifested by parents and trustees than ever before. And especially is this true in the eleven districts which have already voted local taxation.
A majority of our teachers are doing good, honest work. Fifty per cent. of them have normal training, as well as from two to fifteen years experience. We borrow money and pay our teachers promptly at the end of each scholastic month. Salaries range from $35 to $60 per month (for white teachers), according to grade and character of the teacher, size, grade and character of the school; special value is attached to the professional character of the teacher, and the length of the term of school, the aim being to encourage the district trustees to supplement the teacher's salary and to run for" a longer term than the six months public term. This year (1909) nearly every district in the County has supplemented the public fund and are paying their teachers from $5 to $25 per month above the county fund, and quite a number of the schools, both white and colored; will run from one to three months longer than the pub-

199
lic term. In districts not .having local taxation, this is done either by the tuition plan or public subscription.
We have made some improvement in the matter of grading, and we expect to continue to work to this end, as we verily believe that this is absolut~ly necessary to efficiency. We also require monthly reviews and examination in every subject taught, and the giving of report cards, for the purpose of thoroughness. Not" how much," but" how well," is our motto.
Our public term consists of six months-four months being taught in the spring, and two in the fall. This year (1909) the Board allows the last two months taught in the summer if preferable to the community, but we insist on the fall school and urge that the trustees provide for a private term of one and a half or two months to be taught in the summer. Many of our rural schools, as I have already said, will adopt this plan as they did last year.
Our annual institute, which was held here at Zebulon, from June 29th to July 4th, was full of interest, pleasure and profit to the small number of teachers present, but so few came. Some of our teachers, I am glad to say, were away attending the university summer schools, but the large majority of them were out of the county and attended institutes elsewhere. Prof. J os. D. Smith, president of Gordon, was our expert teacher for the second time, and he did us good service. This spring I have tried to hold monthly institutes first and last Saturdays in each month, giving one Saturday to the negro teachers, but success has been only partial. In a county, largely rural as Pike, it is exceedingly difficult to get the teachers to attend. One time the weather is too bad to come from 5 to 12 miles through the country, and

200
another time the weather is pretty, but the horses and mules are all plowing and the YOl}ng ladies can't walk so far, and so they are not present. I believe in the university summer schools, and this year shall urge my teachers to go with me to the summer school for six weeks. .
One school has added a library since last report. 1 am trying to get teachers, pupils and patrons awakened t(\ the necessity of having good books for the children to read. It is a dangerous thing to teach a child how to read, then turn him loose to read all the trash that comes along. .We must teach what to read as well as how to read. And as far as possible plant in them the desire to read good books, and then cultivate this plant and desire by providing them with proper books and see to it that they read them. We have spent about $100 on a teachers' library for the teachers of the county, which is very helpful, I think.
G. BEN RIDLEY, C. S. C.

PULASKI COUNTY.

R. C. Sanders, C. S. C.

To the Grand Jury of the Spring Term of t'he Superior Court of Pulaski County, 1909.
Gentlemen:
As required by law, I have the honor to submit an annual report of the schools of Pulaski county for the year 1908.
As many of the facts and suggestions herein set forth have been placed before you, year by year, it is deemed ,proper to rehearse them as a matter of convenience and information to those who are so much interested in the

201
educational welfare of their children as you gentlemen who compose this jury.
The number of school houses for white children are forty-one, owned by the county; for colored children there are twenty-six, of which the county owns fourteen. The houses owned by the county are valued at $18,350.00. The value of the school houses in the year 1897 was estimated to be $6,000.00. This shows an increase valuation of $12,350.00. The value of all other property is now at $4,100.00, the estimated value for this property in 1897 was $1,500.00, showing an increase of $2,600.00. The grand total of attendance for last year, 1908, was 3,711; for the year 1907 it was 1,753, an increase in ten years of 1,958.
All of the white school houses ready for the painter are painted, blinds have been fitted to most of them, and most of them are comfortable and sanitary. Three new school houses have been built, and there remains but a few of the houses for white children to be remodeled.
During the past year one of the school houses for white children in one of our most progressive communities has been destroyed by fire, and that with its furniture, books and musical instruments; but with most commendable enthusiasm and energy the community has built another house more commodious and on a better plan to meet the increasing attendance which had taxed the old building to its utmost capacity.
During the same year five school houses for colored children, with their contents, have been burned. All of these fires ar.e reported to be the work of the incendiary. It is to be deplored that there can exist among us those who could be guilty of such crimes.
Notwithstanding these hindrances to progress we have

1
!

202
much to encourage us, and we hope that in a few years our schools and the benign influence of our churches will dispel the ignorance which alone can conceive such iniquities as those just enumerated.
From every standpoint the work of the teachers must be considered a decided advance over that of preceding years, and it is with pleasure that I speak of the growing efficiency of the teachers of our rural schools-a few of these showed the inexperience of a first year's work, but there has been a decided effort for improvement, and their work during the year, with a very few exceptions, has been well done.
Your Board of Education is composed of earnest, progressive men, who have labored harmoniously together in their efforts to make our school system second to none in South Georgia. They have ever been ready to sacrifice time and business for the good of the public schools, ~nd have been unswerving in their fidelity to the cause of education.
School improvement clubs have been started in severalcommunities, and we urge that they be encouraged and aided in every way by the people of the county, until-there is a good library in every school, the interior of every school house adorned with pictures and other decorations, the grounds ornamented with trees, shrubs and flowers, and for each school a school-garden. . Let us beautify the school houses and grounds for our children, that they may not only be a source of aesthetinal culture to the little ones, but a source of pride and gratulation to the parents.
Respectfully su})mitted,
R. O. SANDERS, O. S. O.

203

PUTNAM COUNTY.

W. C. Wright, C. S. C.

The schools of Putnam county, seventeen white and twenty-three colored, were in operation seven months during the year 1908. Several were in session two months longer. On account of measles, whooping cough, bad roads and inclement weather during the winter of 1907-8, the attendance was not as good as it should have been. The winter of 1908-9 has been exceptional in many particulars, and our schools have been greatly favored. The average attendance for November, 19b8, is 35 per cent. larger than that of November, 1907; and that of December, 1908, is 64 per cent. larger than that of December, 1907.
During the year two new school houses were erected at a cost of $600.00 each. One other building hl\s been painted inside and out, another has been painted on the inside, and money has been collected to paint another inside.
One of our schools, Union Academy, has recently re~ ceived $25.00, the State prize offered by the Federation of Ladies Clubs for the greatest general improvement of any country school in the State during the year.
Our. monthly institute and business meeting, conven~ ing one Friday in each month, seems to be accomplishing more, in many ways, than any institute I have ever held or ever attended.
Reports from teachers are especially helpful, a good report inspiring other teachers to have a similar one. One teacher reports having spent a' night at the home of each patron, and looking closely and personally after absentees from schooL Her last monthly report shows an average attendance of 44.8, while that of her predecessor for the same month onast year was 19.

204
The teacher, probably, had much to do with this 135 per cent. increase in attendance, though the weather has been more favorable this year than last.
Another teacher reported that he had made it a matter of business to visit his patrons at their homes. A patron said of this teacher, "He is a Christian, you ought to have heard his lecture at Sunday School yesterday." This teacher who works outside the schoolroom as well as inside, alsa made a good report, an inQrease of 184 per cent. over that of the same month of the previous year.
Did this work outside the school-room have any bearing on the attendance inside the school-room 1 Still other teachers have made as good and better reports than these, each working in his special way, and each having his labors crowned with abundant success.
Four of our school districts have local tax and others are getting ready to vote on the question. During the month of May of the present year, on Fridays the 7th, 14th and 21st, we will have three school gatherings in different parts of the county, bringing together in the respective sections all the pupils and all the people. Speakers of wide reputation will address the people, and the cause of local tax will be presented along. with other questions of vital interests. The ministers of the county are helping us in this matter, occasionally preach~ ing educational sermons.
All in all, everything considered, our schools are doing well, unusually well, and our teachers, without exception, deserve the highest praise for their splendid work.
W. C. WRIGHT, C. S. C.

205
RANDOLPH COUNTY. Walter McMichael, C. S. C.
We have seventeen white schools and twenty-five negro schools in our county. Of the white schools one has seven teachers, one has five teachers, four have three teachers, each, five have two teachers, and six have one teacher each. Some consolidation has been done in this county, and we expect to do more in the near future, but we have to go slowly on account of opposition and obstacles. At present we run eight wagons and pay four men who have large families for carrying their own children to school. We find that the attendance is f. great deal better on the wagon routes than elsewhere.
.The greater number of our schools run nine months, beginning in September; a few begin in October, and one began as late as November, but all must close their terms not later than June 15th, as we have no summer terms.
Two of our houses were painted during the summer, a $1200 annex was added to one, and additional desks were bought for three on account of increased attendance. All the houses are painted now but three, and they are some that we hope to consolidate with other schools soon.
All the white schools in the county are under the same system of supervision, and we have monthly meetings of all the teachers. At these meetings we attempt to get and give inspiration for the following month. In- " stead of the regular monthly meeting in the fall we gave each school one day off from regular work to visit some other school of the county. I always designated the school to be visited, and was there on the day of the visiting, and during the recesses and after school we would discuss the work of the day with the teachers.

1
!,
206
rrhis plan was somewhat new, but seemed to work very well, and I believe it to be a good one.
We have an agricultural contest among the pupils of the county each year; the boys entering the corn and cotton contest and the girls the poultry contest. Their products are brought into the county seat, Cuthbert, some time in October, and we make this an educational rally day for the county by having some enthusiastic advocates of education to speak for us.
One of the great difficulties of thorough work, as I see it in our county, is that too many grades are being attempted by too few teachers. I have been advocating a grading to this effect with our Board, but it has not yet been passed upon. Where there is one teacher I advocate not over seven grades; two teachers, eight grades; three teachers, nine grades; four teachers and above, ten grades. There is some opposition to this as each community thinks that their boy or girl ought to be prepared for college at their doors, even though they have but one teacher. We are working for more unity and more co-operation.
Respectfully submitted,
WALTER McMICHAEL, C. S. C.

RICHMOND COUNTY.

Lawton B. Evans, Supt.

In response to your request for the work done in Richmond county during the past year, I beg leave to say that the most notable iteI!l of interest here is the completion in the city of Augusta of the John, Milledge School situated in the mills district in the city of Augusta, accommodating 1,250 children with a complete

207
equipment for industrial and domestic science work. It is surrounded by a playground of five acres, and built at the cost of something over $100,000.00. Of course this has no connection with rural school work, but since Augusta is part \Of the Richmond county organization, it naturally falls within my report.
Of the strictly rural districts, we have built at the village of Gracewood, eight miles from Augusta, a threeroom school house at a cost of $2,500, which has an enrollment of eighty pupils and three teachers, and to which wagons transport pupils. It commands an area of about ten square miles and is a successful experiment along the line of consolidating the rural schools. We have also built in the 119th district a new school house in a remote section at a cost of $750, accommodating about forty pupils. I believe now that the Board of Education owns everyone of its school houses, white and colored, and all of them are comfortable, and most of tbm in excellent condition. As a matter of fact, we have too many school houses, and we intend in the future to consolidate schools wherever practicable..
The shortest term we have is seven months. All schools begin October 1st and run without interruption to the length of that term. Our teachers are paid monthly an average salary of $40 per month for white teachers, and $25 for colored teachers.
We have one high school in the rural district, in the village- of Hephzibah, of which there is a total enrollment of 125 students, not all of whom, however, are in the high school departments.
I believe we can make the assertion" no child in Richmond county is out of walking distance or riding priv-

208

ilege of a good school," taught by a good teacher, and a

good school house, from seven to nine months in the

year.

Yours very truly,

LAWlrONB. EVANS.

SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT FROM RICHMOND COUNTY.
The grand jury of 1906, at its spring session, recommended that compulsory education be introduced by proper legislation into the schools of the county. This recommendation was taken up by the Board of Education and endorsed 'by them. The members of the legislature from this county were asked to introduce a bill submitting the matter to the vote of the people.
The bill was introduced and passed, and the question was to have been submitted to the people at the general election of 1908. In the meanwhile the great disaster of the flood came upon the city, costing many hundreds of thousands of dollars and paralyzing for a while our industries. Under these circumstances it was hopeless to ask a stricken people to un~ergo the increased expense of compulsory education, and the question was not submitted to the vote. It is hoped that at some future day when prosperity has followed restoration that the people may be called upon to decide this question.
L. B. EVANS, Supt.

SCREVEN COUNTY.

H. J. Arnett, C. S. C.

To the wise and patriotic spirit shown by the people of Screven county is due a very large share of the progress in olir schools. They cheerfully voted local taxation for the whole county, and now the measure seems

209
to be more popular than in the beginning. They have in every way given, as a rule, their hearty co-operation in advancing the interests of education.
Our Board of Education is composed of progressive' and public-spirited men who are taking a very deep interest in the important work committed to their care.
We have an excellent body of teachers, and the work done in our schools is generally very satisfactory.
Nearly all our school houses have been ceiled, furnished, and quite a number neatly painted, and it is our purpose to continue the work till all are put in firstclass condition, Arbor Day was generally observed, and many beautiful trees and flower~ were planted on the school grounds.
Quite a number of libraries are in use, and others will soon be installed. This is one of the most important steps in our school work, and generally a library is faithfully used and highly appreciated by the pupils.
While our colored people have not done as much as they should have done in building and equipping school houses, some progress has been made.
The following extract, showing the conditions in one of our best rural schools, is taken from an article published recently in the Sylvania Telephone, our county paper:
A CONTRAST WITH FIVE YEARS AGO.
"Five years 'ago, at a point about four miles from Dover, on the plantation of Mr. E. S. Lane, in a bunch of sapplings'stood a little rough, unpainted, leaky-roof, dilapidated frame structure. If a passerby had chanced to enter it he would have discovered, from its rude furnishings of rough desk and benches, its scant blackboard and other crude equipments, that this building was used

210
for a school-room. If perchance !school was in session he would have found a single teacher struggling under many disadvantages and for a small salary, to teach the young idea how to shoot. This was known as the Gilgal Academy.
"Today, about three-quarters of a mile from the old site, and directly in front of the residence of Mr. M. J. Enneis, there may be seen a large painted building sheltered by stately pines, while in the yard and adjacent premises there are the cedar, live-oak, sycamore and magnolia, which have been planted by pupils-each eager to have a hand in the planting.
"If the visitor enters he will find large rooms, comfortably heated and well ventilated. In place of the rough furnishings of by gone days he will find patent desks, especially designed for the comfort and convenience of the pupils; on the walls he may see maps, pictures, specimens of the pupils work, and mottoes that all strive to make living ones. In one corner of the Principal's room he may see an unmistakable sign of a progressive school-a library well stocked with books. (The appearaI).ce of these books testify that they are used and not kept for vain display.)
, 'And if school is in session the visitor will now find three live, energetic and well paid teachers busily engaged in doing the work mapped out for that day, while the thrum of a piano a short distance away will announce the presence of a forth teacher busy with her music class. This school was chartered in 1905 for ten grades; there are now nine grades, no pupils having yet advanced to the tenth. This in brief is the Gilgal High School of today."
While all our schools have n()t done as well, quite a

211
number have shown the same progressive spirit, and it is our purpose, as far as practicable, to bring them all up to that high standard.
H. J~ ARNETT, C. S. C.

SPALDING COUNTY.

J. O. A. Miller, C. S. C.

The common schools of Spalding county were successfully operated during the year 1908. Without parade, the school work done by our teachers was steady and faithful. Unpretentious, yet efficient, work of this kind continues to make of our county schools recruiting stations for the great army of business and professional occupations in onr great cities.

SCHOOL HousES.
During the year just past our school houses received some attention. The building at Vaughn was enlarged sufficiently to accommodate the increased attendance of pupils at that point. A new school building was erected at County Line church, in the center of "Rising Sun" school district. This new school house was completely finished, painted and furnished with the best quality of seats and desks. McIntosh school house was likewise re-furnished with first-class desks. Experience has taught us that it is poor economy to buy inferior school desks; as the wooden parts thereof soon shrink and warp, and the castings, being thin and brittle like glass, easily break and fall to pieces.

SCHOOL CENSUS.
The school census taken during 1908, while giving an increase of school population in Griffin, showed a de-

212 . crease in the aggregate of rural school districts. It happened to be an inopportune time for taking the census in our country districts. The decrease in school population was obviously caused by a temporary exodus of a number of mill operatives from the several large cotton mills located just outside the city limits. Partial suspension of work in these mills, occasioned by panic and cyclone, caused the temporary departure of some of our mill population. The speedy resumption of work on full time, and the building of another large mill, now about complete and ready to start, will place upon the Board of Education, until time of next census, the burden of educating many children whose share of school fund will be sent to other counties.
LOCAL TAX.
As mentioned in my annual public school report for 1908, seven of the sixteen school districts of Spalding county have adopted local taxation. In our efforts to secure local taxation our motto has been to "make haste slowly." The aim has been to win favor by avoiding irritation. Appeal has been addressed to the reason and intelligence of the people. In the beginning, the tax rate has been made low. The campaign thus begun will be pushed until the entire county shall enjoy the. benefits of an all-round, well-o~anized school system. From a report recently made to the grand jury, I beg to submit the following extract:
"Our tax collector has just paid to the proper authorities $946.00, as part of the district school fund for the year. This money is the" first fruits" realized in Spalding county from the local tax act. This and other funds from the same source will be expended by the tru~tees

213
of the several school districts under direction of the Board of Education for building, repairing and furnishing school houses, and for the payment of teachers, thus supplementing the general school fund. A proper use of this money will be necessary to vindicate the wisdom of the local tax act. If the people shall see good and good only as a result of the operation of this law, they will offer no objection to it, and they will gladly acquiesce in and encourage its impartial enforcement. If the white people shall discover that a wise administration of the law will work a practical separation of the school fund as between the two races, they will no lon&er oppose its hearty operation. If the people shall see that these districts that have adopted local taxation are able thereby to provide better school facilities, to have longer school terms, to employ better teachers, to build more commodious school houses, the residents of other school districts will likewise avail themselves of the benefits of the same law. .and perceiving the beneficial effects of uniformity, the entire County of Spalding will event ually, if not speedily, avail itself of the manifold advantages arising from the adoption of the local tax act.'
J. O. A. MILLER, C. S. C.
STEPHENS COUNTY. N. R. C. Ramey, C. S. C.
Stephens county is one of the new counties, but living, or existing rather, under the old school system, exeept we are operating six local tax districts.
In the last year we had an election for the county system, exclusive of the City of Toccoa, but there was [ll~ overwhelming vote against it. We have not complied
/
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214
with the acts of 1906-7 as to districting the county. We have the question up now and expect to take some definite steps immediately. We have a Board of Education that is progressive and enthusiastic. We have an organization known as the County Trustee Association, which organized less than a year ago, yet their work has been of great assistance to the schools of the county. These trustees, consisting of 63 in number, meet quarterly arid discuss the school situation, and advise with the Board and commissioner. We consider this movement one of the greatest of the year, and believe it will
bethe means of harmonious educational progress.
We are giving our thoughts to consolidation, transportation, and compulsoryation. We have jurisdiction over the former two, but we must look to the legislature for the latter. Consolidation seems to be the great present and future need of our rural schools. Consolidation is impracticable without transportation. If transportation can be profitably used in this county, and I see no reason why it can not, it can be made our long suit for which we have been longing these many years. It may prove an oasis in a barren desert. Our people are set~ ting their footsteps in the right direction. Our children are eagerly demanding better school buildings, better teachers and more modern and practical curriculum. I believe in our next annual report we will have something better to tell you. I am very truly yours,
N. R. C. RAMEY, C. S. C.
Stephens county, Ga.

215

SUMTER COUNTY.

W. S. Moore, C. S. C.

My annual report for 1908 shows that there was an increase in average attendance of 2 per cent. over last year. The average attendance of the whites was 821-2 per cent. of the enrollment, and that of the colored 59 per cent. While this increase is far below what we desire, yet we feel hopeful that during the present year we shall be able to make a better showing. We shall continue to stress all lines 0 fschool work which tend to advance the school interest in our county.
With the aid of the convict fund we have been able to keep the schools in operation seven months for the whites and six months for the colored. It has not been found practicable to continue the colored schools more than six months, inasmuch as the attendance does not justify same, under rules regulating our schools.

SCHOOL TERMS.
We open our schools in the fall, giving the whites three months in the fall and four in the spring term. Our colored schools open in July and continue through two months, discontinuing until January, when they open again for four months.

TEACHERS.
In our white schools nearly all teachers hold first grade certificates. We have a corpse of good teachers and have been able to retain a number of them from the past year to this. Our colored teachers as a general rule, did their work well. . All teachers have been paid promptly each month as their reports were rendered: No money has been borrowed. In our institutes which 'Ilre held monthly, we take up the subjects as laid down

216
in the Manual of Methods. All work is made as practicable as possible, and meetings are well attended.
SCHOOL HOUSES.
In the county there are twenty-four school houses, twenty-three of which belong to the County Board. These have been repainted and put in good repair during the past year at a cost of $585.00. Two buildings were enlarged in order to make room for the increased attendance.
TRANSPORTATION OF PUPILS.
Three wagons are running at a cost of $20.00 per month each. These wagons are teams are furnished by certain ones of the patrons. These render their accounts, approved by the teachers of their respective schools, as well as by the members of the Boards of Ed. ucation, these accounts being paid monthly. As a rule, pupils thus transported attend school more regularly.
SCHOOL DISTRICTS.
We have twenty-seven school districts. Of these, four have voted for local taxation. In two cases the attempt succeeded, and in two it failed. The latter will levy a special tax for the support of their schools during the coming year.
BOARD OF EDUCATION.
We deem ourselves especially fortunate in having the co-operation, of a school board which is composed of men skilled in business affairs. These express an active and untiring interest in all affairs pertaining to the schools, and to the advancement of educational int~rests"

217
throughout the county. To them goes much credit for the gratifying conditions as they exist in Sumter county today.
(Signed) W. S. MOORE, C. S. C.

TALBOT COUNTY.

O. D. Gorman, C. S. C.

I doubt not that the public schools of Georgia have ' made progress in the departments of teaching for the the year 1908, and it should be equally gratifying to note satisfactory results in the departments of superintendance. A study of this latter problem will suggest that probably as much depends on intelligent supervision as on approved methods of teaching and discipline, as there are many ways of stimulating the attendance of pupils, and the ambition of teachers to achieve the best results for their schools. And while it is true that each day's work will give the teacher tuitional values, it is equally true that a distinctive advance is each day made by the pupils. In every instance c!tre should be taken to give the pupil mind the correct information, so that such attainment shall become a permanent value.
In Talbot county we have made the best progress possible. We are yearly building and repairing school houses, and caring for and beautifying grounds, supplying schools with desks and fixtures, and creating generally better physical conditions for school life and work. As fast as the patrons shall co-operate with the efforts of the Board of Education to build and repair school houses, and they are responding to the liberal propositions of the Board in this direction, the houses receive prompt and substantial attention. Many improvements are projected by the Board for 1909, several houses

218
now being in process of repair and building. The Board has created a fund for this special use, and expect to devote several years more to building, repairing and general equipment of houses. This is most gratifying to the Board and to communities, as it sti,mulates local pride, and embraces the pleasures and advantages of country life.
The Board has made some effort toward the concentration of small schools into central schools, and where found advisable, have provided transportation beyond a three-mile limit. While this works advantageously for a small number of schools, reference being had to the more sparsely attended white schools, it will be noted that there is a limited number ofsmaJl schools for which teachers will have to be provided in their own localities. Of this the Board should, in every case, be the better judge of the local conditions by which some schools are handicapped. In all cases it is much better for white communities to build up their schools, and thus stimulate school enterprise than to accept a transferred attendance to a more central school. Results of this character must work out slowly and patiently, and in all events in their efforts communities should co-operate with the Board of Education. The prospects for continued prosperity are stimulative to school localities, while the people generally appreciate the efforts of the Board to furnish better houses and teaching facilities, and to make school-life more attractive to the pupils.
O. D. GORMAN, O. S.0.

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TATTNAL COUNTY.

L S. Smith, C. S. C.

Our public term for 1908 was five months. Most of our schools began in January and closed their terms the last week in May.
I am pleased to note that a large per cent. of our patrons are becoming convinced that better and more effective work can be done in the winter rather than summer schools.
In looking over the records of the year just closed, I find the enrollments for January and February to be about 25 per cent. more than for April and May.
Not only is this true, but I find the general average for January and February was 40 per cent. more than for April and May.
Owing to these statistics, which are a repetition of several years records, the Board of Education is seriously considering the advisability of beginning our public term in November.
A large number of our schools are supplementing the public term and running from seven to nine month terms.
Our school houses generally are in a fairly good condition, though they are by no means what they ought to be, or what our people are able to have them be.
Practically all of our school houses are furnished with good patent desks; but the seating capacity of a large per cent. of our schools is very inadequate. At . present (March 4) four-fifths of our schools are very much crowded. There not being floor space sufficient to seat the children in daily attendance.
Three new school buildings have been erected within the year, and a number repaired.

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Our county has a Board of Education that will compare favorably with any in the State; they are all men of good business ability, who have public education at heart.
Their motto is "Fewer and better schools."
We have complied with the McMichael bill which provides for the districting of the county.
We have forty districts in the county, each of which average about 16 square miles.
When the districts were first laid off it gave more or less dissatisfaCtion, as it necessitated moving of some school houses and building of ,others. The idea that it is best to have a school house at every man's door is fast vanishing. Our best citizens are realizing the advantages to be derived from the consolidation of schools. Our Board is giving this movement much consideration and encouragement. We hope to at least be able to establish a two-teacher school in every district of the county.
We have at present five schools that range from five to eight teachers each, and fourteen that range from two to four teachers.
As the people become more acquainted with the advantages to be derived from consolidation we shall expect this number to grow.
We have yet to find our first district which has once had the advantage of a two or more teacher school, and is willing to give it up.
We are at present running two transportation wagons. This is, to some extent, an experiment with us, as the wagons have been in operation only about two months; yet the experiment is proving very satisfactory to the Board and patrons generally.

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We have found economy in hau-ling children to a school of several teachers rather than establish small schools which are almost invariably taught by inefficient teachers.
I have no apprehension but that transportation in Tattnall county will be a success.
Sentiment is rapidly growing in favor of local taxation. Five of our districts have already voted it, and others are carefully considering the advisability of falling in line.
The people of these districts are pleased with their schools.
I notice in all of our local districts the terms are from two to four months longer than they were before they voted local taxation.
As a general thing they are employing better teachers, and without an exception they are having much better attendance than they previously had.
One of the most convincing points I have observed in favor of local taxation is that citizens in districts lying adjacent to our local school districts are petitioning the Board of Education to change the lines of their district in order that they might have the privilege of a free school.
It is a common thing to find land owners who do not live in either of the districts to be effected by the petition advocating the change, as they say free schools enables them to secure better tenants.
I think our corpse of teachers is some above the average. About three-fourths of them are normal trained. As a rule they are all doing splendid work.
Our Board encourages our teachers to become more proficient by making appropriations based on the license

222
of the teacher. Fully three-fourths of our present teachers are first grade.
I am pleased to say our school officials enjoy the co- operation of our teachers.
Much interest is taken in our monthly institutes, and all seem to be working for the same interest in our county.
We have about six thousand children_ in this county between the ages of six and eighteen years. Near five thousand of these are from the rural districts. Hence we readily see -it incumbent on the school officials to place much stress on our rural schools.
In our institutes much attention is being given "how to teach a rural schooL" By this we hope to help our rural teachers become more efficient in their work, and through them greatly stimulate these schools.
Our primary object is to encourage and help the masses become better and more useful citizens.
1. S. SMITH, C. S. C.

TIFT COUNTY.

W. R. Smith, C. S. C.

TIFTON, GA., Dec. 10, 1908.

To t'he Honorable 1I1embe'rs of the Grand Jury, Tift County, Georgia.
Gentlemen: In accordance with the requirements of the law, I have
the honor of submitting to you the following encourag-' ing report of the condition and progress of the schoolfo; of your county:

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VALUATION OF SCHOOL PROPERTY.
Three years ago, when Tift county was formed, the estimated value of all the school properties within the limits-of the county, was seven thousand dollars. Today the total valuation of her school property is $155,000; divided as follows: Rural schools, $22,000; city schools, $33,000; agricultural school, $100,000.
We point with pardonable pride to the fact that last year Tift county erected more new school buildings than any other county in the State, and will have the honor of having rebuilt or remodeled every school house inside her borders within the space of three years.
CONDITION OF SCHOOL PROPERTY.
Three years ago the only painted school house in the county was the high school building at Tifton. Today every school house in the county that is ready for the painter has received its uniform coat of white, with green trimmings. Then we had no desks for the teachers, and only one school was partly furnished with patent desks for the pupils. Now there is a teacher's desk for every school, and with two exceptions they all have patent desks.
Every school has a flag, a library started, and plans are now being perfected for fencing and beautifying every school yard in the county.
TEACHERS AND FALL ENROLLMENT.
Our schools are all open under the management of competent teachers, noted for training and experience. That the people have unbounded confidence in these teachers is demonstrated by the fact that 90 per cent. of the children of school age in Tift county are already

224
enrolled in our school for the fall term. We consider this worthy of mention, as under the old system the people in the rural districts were not accustomed to opening their schools until after holidays. Only teache~s holding first grades certificates are employed, and as a result of their labors, school problems that once destroyed the harmony of our school communities, are fast disappearing.
INCREASE OF SCHOOL FUNDS.
Three years ago the County Board of Education expended for school purposes $4,500. The past year they spent nearly $15,000, and the boys and girls they spent it for are worth every cent of it.
CONVICT FUNDS.
We remember with pleasure the wise action of former grand juries of our county in directing our portion of the convict funds to be used for educational purposes. This has assisted us in equipping our school buildings and paying our teachers promptly.
COLORED SCHOOLS.
There are eight of these schools in the county, and they have been well attended during the year. The one outside the corporation line of Tifton is the only one employing two teachers. J. S. Holmes has charge of this school again this term.
TEACHERS' INSTITUTES.
Our monthly institute for teachers are held regularly during the school term. At these meetings the teachers discuss the practical problems of school life, and plan

225
for the advancement of educational interests in their respective districts.
BOARD OF EDUCATION.
Your county Board of Education, appointed by the first grand jury, is composed of earnest, progressive business men, who have labored harmoniously together in their effort to make the school system of your county second to non~ in South Georgia. More than one of them can say: "I have never yet been absent from a meeting of the Board." They have ever been ready to sacrifice time and busin~ss for the good of our public schools, and have been unswerving in their fidelity to the cause of education. When the State Convention of school officials met at Brunswick last spring, Glynn county received more members of the school board from Tift than came from any other county in the State.
TWENTIETH CENTURY CLUB.
On behalf of our corps of teachers, we desire to express our grateful appreciation to the ladies of the Library Association for the interest they have manifested in our rural schools and for the many acts of kindness shown these teachers during the past twelve months.
SCHOOL BOOKS.
It is a matter of sincere regret that under the present law no local dealer can be induced to handle the text hooks so much needed during the school year. We think we voice the sentiment of every school patron in Tift county when we state that the present arrangement for securing school books is a lamentable failure. Delays that impede the progress of our schools are caused by
8-de

226
having to order books from Atlanta and New York. A book dealer is an absolute necessity to every civilized community, and the law that makes it no longer possible for him to exist, has resulted in seriously crippling the chances of thousands of the boys and girls of Georgia the past five years.
A NEW LAW NEEDED.
The school authorities of your county have arranged for every white child to attend school seven months during the year.We have children who are out of school and will continue to be out until we have a law upon our statute books that will secure for them rights of a common school education. They should have your attention today that the grand juries of tomorrow may be spared the unpleasant task of dealing with some of them as undesirable citizens of our commonwealth. It has been truly said that the person accomplishes more for humanity who builds a wall along a precipice than the one who waits below with an ambulance to carry away the unfortunates that have stumbled over. Gentle1l!-en of the grand jury, let me kindly urge you to recommend the passage of a compulsory educational law for Georgia. You are taxed for the education of these children, see that they secure it. If their parents have no interest in their educational welfare, the State can ill afford to have ignorant voters growing up when they can be changed into cultured citizens without additional cost to the school system of your county. Gentlemen, you well know this will be a law of Georgia some day, why not declare yourselves in favor of letting the present generation having the benefit of it?
W. R. SMITH, S. S. C.

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TROUP COUNTY.

W. C. Davidson, C. S. C.

Enclosed please find annual report for school year 1908, Troup county. vVe have twenty-two white schools and thirty-eight colored. All our white schools, with one or two exceptions, have been rebuilt or remodeled in the last four or five years, and supplied with patent desks, blackboards, charts, globes, etc. All of which contribute greatly to the success, comfort and convenience of teachers and pupils; nothing can be of more importance to a county, or reflect more to the credit of the Board of Education than good comfortable school houses.
We have a Board of Education that are thoroughly interested in the educational advancement of the children; the Board has given all assistance in their power looking to the betterment of school interest. Perfect harmony prevails between the Board of Education, teachers, patrons and the commissioner. First grade teachers are increasing in our county every year, which means a decrease of second and third grade.
Yours very truly,

W. C. DAVIDSON.

TOOMBS COUNrry.

P. A. McQueen, C. S. C.

The schools of Toombs county had a better enrollment for 1908 than for 1907, and the attendance was much better.
The Board of Education consolidated several schools, and had new buildings erected in the center of a few districts that were not properly located; the interest

228
manifested by the patrons is very encouraging. Our teache~s voluntarily organized a teachers association and held monthly meetings during the school term. These meetings were attended by all of the teachers and proved of great help in k-eeping alive interest as well as imparting new ideas one to another.
I think the interest of the teachers was transmitted to the pupils and parents.
There are only two school districts in the county not supplied with schools, and these are now making arrangements to build houses to be in readiness for the fall term of 1909.
Yours truly,
P. A. MCQUEEN, C. S. C

T01VNS COUNTY.

R. A. Kimsey, C. S. C.

School conditions of this county are much better than

they were a few years ago. We have consolidated some

of our smaller schools and have only twenty schools in

this count)T.

.

Two years ago the grand jury of this county directed

the convict money coming to this county to be paid to

the county school commission, and we have used it in

building and repairing school houses.

We now have good, comfortable school houSBS in

every district except two. We have furnished some of

the schools with patent desks and hope to be able soon

to furnish them all. Our Board of Education is com-

posed of good, intelligent business men. They are in-

terested in school affairs; they are working with and

sustaining the commissioner in his work.

229
1 have labore:l the few years that I have been commissioner to interest the parents and children so that I might enroll every child under the school act. I feel that my labor has not been in vain, for there are but few children in this county whose names are not on some school roll.
The enrollment and average attendance this year was the best on record. Our teachers are earnest and faithful in the work.
Notwithstanding our little county is situated in the mountains of North Georgia, we feel that we have much to be proud of. We have two schools that rank among the best in the State-the Hiawasse High School and Young Harris College. These schools are doing a great work. They are supplying our county and other sections with efficient teachers.
These two schools are supplemented by a fund from the patrons, and are run nine months. The other school::; of the county continue five months. My earnest efforts shall be for further progress.
Respectfully,
R. A. KIMSEY, C. S. C.

TURNER COUNTY.

F: H. Taylor, C. S. C.

To the Grand Jury, March Term, 1909:
I have the honor to report to your body, as the law requires, matters relating to the public schools of the county.
During the past year your Board of Education has labored earnestly for the betterment of your schools throughout the county. Its progress has been slow, but

230
through patient work I am glad to say that we can see many evidences of improvement. The year 1908, in my opinion, was in every respect the most prosperous from an educational point of view that we have had. The enrollment and average attendance has been very good, all of which goes to show that the patrons and the public in general seem more and more disposed to co-operate with the teachers and school officials in the successful operation of the schools.
We have in" the county twenty-four white schools and twelve negro schools (this, -of course, does not include the Ashburn schools) which run five months in the year, and with few exceptions, are taught in comfortable houses. I am glad to say to you that most of our buildings are new and well cared for.
We have four districts in the county that voted for and carried local tax for the support of their schools. The Board of Education has assisted in the construction of three new school houses, of which it feels justly proud.
From a careful examination of teachers' reports I find that we have a larger enrollment and a better average of attendance during the winter months, hence thp, necessity to avoid a summer term.
One source of gratification to your Board of Education is the worth and efficiency of our teachers as compared with former years.
A large per cent. of them are first grade and normal trained, and have made special preparation for their work. They deserve our respect and encouragement, hence your Board has adopted the plan of borrowing money and paying them at the end of each month. The interest paid, it is true, comes out of the public fund,

231
and is therefore' paid by the teachers themselves; but the Board can borrow money at lower rate of interest than an individual teacher can have their accounts discounted.
The teachers of this county, with the co-operation of your Board, have organized" Turner County Teachers' Association," which meets once a month at the county
site for the purpose of doing institute work, which r
consider a fine investment of time. By way of explanation, I will say that the teachers do not receive any pay for institute work.
I am sorry to say to you that many of our rural schools are poorly provided with seats, and that I see no quick way out of this condition of affairs.
F. H. TAYLOR, C. S. C.

TWIGGS COUNTY.

B. S. Fitzpatrick, C. S. C.

SCHOOL TERM.
Our schools were operated for a term of seven months, and some of them had the term lengthened by private subscription.
ATTENDANCE.
While there was not an increase in enrollment, the average per cent. of attendance was greater than the year before.
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION.
A number of our children are taken to school on the trains of the M. S. Ry., which passes through our county, arrangements having been perfected with the generous

1
232
management of that road for extremely low school rates.
SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
Two new buildings were added to the list during the year; both built conjointly by the Board of Education and the patrons. One is a neat, one-room house for colored children, the other a large two-story building for white children, the latter costing in the neighborhood of $1,500.00.
The generous gift of four acres of land was made to this school by one of its public-spirited patrons, and it is proposed to make it an industrial school.
LIBRARIES.
There are fifteen school libraries in the county, and there was an increase of 31 volumes to the list of books for 1908.
MONTHLY MEETINGS.
Regular monthly meetings of teachers were held during the year, and at these meetings the public school studies were discussed and the methods of teaching. Besides, these meetings are used to please and cultivate the social instinct of the teacher, and to create a deeper profession spirit.
The annual institute was held in July with Prof. H. J. Gaertner as expert teacher.
ANNUAL CONTESTS.
Contests were held and prizes given for elocution, drawing, composition and reading.

233
DIPLOMAS.
There were nine diplomas awarded to pupils that passed the examination prepared by the State Superintendent for the seventh grade.
SCHOOL FAIR.
The annual school fair was held in October, with a large crowd in attendance.
Prizes were given for the best corn, cotton, chickens, sugar cane, variety of garden products, axe-handles, straw-brooms, bread, biscuits, cake, flowers, Civil war and Indian relics.
The State Superintendent was present, and addressed an attentive and appreciative audience on the educational problems of the day.
SUPERINTENDEN CEo
The old idea that the duty of the County School Commissioner ended with the receipt and disbursement of funds and the getting up of statistics is fast giving place to the truer theory that the office implies a great deal more.
Close, wise, vigilant supervision is the need of the hour upon the part of the superintendent. Hence, the effort has been made during the past term to visit the schools as often as possible, help teachers arrange suitable programs, solve other school problems, and see that proper instruction be given. However, broad latitude has been allowed teachers in these matters; for only in the sharing of this responsibility can the teacher develop into her fullest usefulness.
B. S, FITZPATRICK, C. S. C.

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WALKER COUNTY.

C. M. Conley, C. S. C.

The year 1908 has been a veryprofitable year for Walker county schools. Our teachers are wide-a-wake, full of enthusiasm. Patrons, in most sections, are taking a great interest in school wprk, striving for best teachers, and supplementing public funds in order to lengthen term and procure better teachers. We had six months public school, have five corporate schools, five local tax districts under the McMichael law, four high. schools, fourteen long term schools, about $6,000.00 raised by local tax and otherwise to supplement and ,-have long term schools. Have 48 school districts under McMichael law, 52 white, 13 colored schools; 73 white teachers, 15 colored.
We have a supply of good teachers, three new buildings, repaired several houses, and have placed patent desks in five schools.
The most improvement in school buildings for the year has been in our local tax districts, and hope it will not be long before Walker county will take advantage of local tax as a county.
C. M. CONLEY, C. S. C.

WALTON COUNTY.

R. L. Paine, C. S. C.

I don't think any county in Georgia can show a more efficient and loyal set of teachers than Walton. 80 per cent. of the whites are either college or normal trained.
It is not to be wondered at then that the children are especially ambitious and studious.
The average patron, however, is slow to "catch on" in the march of progress, and hence we find him peti-

235
tioning and otherwise hindering the action of the Board of Education. For example, three times has the Board voted out the summer term, and as many times rescinded its action, thereby causing two separate terms, and, in many instances, new teachers for each, within the year.
In spite of our earnest efforts to the contrary, the fact stands that a great many patrons are satisfied with a five or six months term. We have had six months public term in 1908. Fifteen of the schools ran from seven to nine -months, assisted by private subscription.
Twenty-one pupils received the seventh grade common school certificate.
We have an annual school rally in Monroe. In the one this year (1908) were offered prizes in elocution, impromptu speaking, school and individual displays of school work, in composition, writing, spelling and arithmetic. These occasions. greatly stimulate and organize the school work. There were some three thousand people in attendance this year.
We have monthly institutes in which every teacher heartily participates.
We have paid our 48 white teachers for the six months on an average of $50.00 per month, and the 23 negroes $21.00 per month.
Respectfully,
R. L. PAINE, C. S. C.

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'WAYNE COUNTY.

B. D. Purcell, C. S. C.

The 'school work in Wayne county made a very good showing for 1908 when compared with that of previous years, yet it fell far short of what might have been accomplished if the people generally had a deeper interest in educational affairs.
The total amount available for school purposes for the year was $12,269.76. All this was used except $71.77. For teachers' salaries the sum of $9,383.13 was expended, and the remainder was given to building, .repairing and seating school houses and for other purposes. The total amount available for use in the schools for 1909 is $8,515.70, or about 31 per cent. less than for last year. On account of this the Board had to reduce the term from five to four months and to discontinue helping build and equip school houses. This, of course, will greatly. cripple the work. .An election was held in December on local taxation for the county, but was lost by thirty-three votes. It is only a question of a short time before this method will be adopted, then the schools of the county will rapidly move to a much higher standard. Until this is done it will be impossible to do much really substantial work.
The teachers of the county are now organized into a strong association wl)ich meets monthly for the first five months of the y~ar. The annual weekly institute is sWI held, and attendance upon these monthly meetings is not compulsory, still most of the teachers attend willingly and seem to delight in the work. A trustees convention has also been organized which meets annually. This has served to stimulate a real interest in school work among trustees. These two organizations are sure to

237
be great forces in the upbuilding of the school system of the county.
During 1908 five school houses were built and several
. were repaired. Half of the white school houses in the
county now have single patent desks. These have been bought during the past two years by the Board contributing half and the patrons half. Many other improvements in physical conditions have been made. The total value of all school property in the county is about $15,000.00, which is an increase of 20 per cent. in the past two years. We do not hope for any further advance in this respect, however, until the Board has more money at its command.
The per cent. of increase in enrollment for 1908 over the previous year was 6, with an increase in average attendance of 8 per cent. Parents, as a rule, are entirely too careless about keeping their children regularly in school.
Considering all the difficulties with which our schools have to contend, they are, as a whole, in very good shape, and the prospect for further improvement is bright.
B. D. PURCELL, C. S. C.

V{ARE COUNTY.

J. M. Markey, C. S. C.

To the Honorable Grand Jury, Ware Sttperior Court, April Term, 1909.
Gentlemen: In accordance with the law, I beg to herewith submit
my report for the schools of the year ending December 31,1908.
My financial and statistical report will be found elsewhere. While I understand it has not been

238
a custom to submit any comment on these statistical and financial reports, I desire to say that ignorant people are usually poor people. Those who are destitute of sagacity and providence must~ of course, be lacking in comfort, competence. Richness of climate, facilities of commerce, and even stores of gold, cannot confer prosperity upon an uneducated people; they cannot create wealth, and whatever riches are showered on them will surely run to waste.
Within the last four centuries the people of Spain have possessed as much silver and gold as all the other nations of Europe combined. But poor indeed, is that nation today whose people have less wealth than Spain. The resources of Ware county, her climate, soil, and timbers, her present prosperity and future wealth are almost inconceivable, yet these resources are useless in the hands of untrained people; further, if we do not educate our own people to take care of these resources, the trained intellect of other sections will come over and possess our land, when we shall be merely hewers of wood and drawers of water.
I have selected for comparison the annual report from this office, in the years 1899 and 1908, thus giving the figures on each edge of the last decade that you may determine such tendencies as perhaps are not generally understood. I have attached an abstract of both of these reports hereto, marked exhibit "A" report of 1899. 1908, marked -e~hibit "B." By reference thereto, you will notice that in 1899 there were only thirty-two white teachers in the county; twenty-two (22) of these were male teachers, ten (10) were female teachers. There were eight colored teachers; two (2) male teachers, and six female, making a total of forty teachers.

239
Their licenses are reported by grades as follows: White teachers: eight (8) first grade, sixteen (16) second grade, eight (8) third grade.
Colored te'achers: four (4) first grade, four (4) second grade.
In 1908 there were thirty-three (33) white male teachers in the county, fourteen (14) female teachers. Four (4) colored male teachers, four (4) female teachers, making a total of 55 teachers. Their grades of license were reported as follows:
One male teacher, state certificate (holds good for life, on good behavior), nineteen (19) first grade, fourteen (14) second grade, three (3) third grade. Colored teachers: four (4) second grade, four (4) third grade.
It will be noticed that the number of first grade teachers has considerably increased. The number of second grade teachers are two less than in 1899. The number of third grade teachers were decreased only one. At this date, February 20, 1909, there is not a colored teacher in the county holding an unexpired license issued from this county, hence, the real showing is only three third grade teachers in the county.
The teachers have made this advancement despite low salaries and short terms. As compared with, of course, other bodies of teachers in South Georgia, Ware county teachers, at the annual institute for 1908, made a showing far above the average. I regret to state that only about six (6) or eight (8) of the teachers of this county are residents of the county; this should not be,
but it is rather the fault of the meagre school facilities
than the indifference of our boys and girls educationally. There is not a school in the county outside of Waycross that has a curriculum high enough to train a teacher for

240
the most elementary work in the schools. There is not a high school in this county to meet the needs of students after passing tnrough the public schools, hence the necessity of sending elsewhere for training above the seventh (7th) grade.
In 1899 there were thirty-two (32) white schools and eight (8) color-ed schools in the county, making a total of forty. In 1908, there were forty (40) white schools and eleven (11) colored schools, making a total of fiftyone (51) schools, the number of schools having increased little more than 20 per cenL, while the number of enrollment has decreased about 10 per cent, thereby making the enrollment of an average school about 35 per cent. less than it was ten (10) years ago; this should not be. The schools, instead of decreasing in size, should increase to such proportions that more than one teacher might be employed in order that the number of classes per teacher could be decreased, and under the one-room system. The average teacher with five (5) grades will -have an average recitation every five minutes of the school day. While this minimum of time should be given to the smallest children for recitation, it is not adequate for any purposes in higher grades.
Imagine, one of yourselves, gentlemen, undertaking in the space of five short minutes to elucidate any problem requiring even the slightest thought.
In 1899 the total enrollment of white children was 1,400, of colored children 600, making a total of 2,000. T, he total enrollment of white children in 1908 was .1,284, of colored 200, making a total of 1,485. Thus you will see that just 515 more enrolled for the year 1899 than for the year 1908.. While the complete census for 1899 is not before me, I am satisfied that there has been a great

241
decrease in the school population of the county outside of Waycross in the last ten years. Just why this is would be hard to explain, but in the succeeding paragraphs I shall deal with the problem as it appears to my observation.
In 1899 the average salary of Ware count'y teachers was only $22.98.
In 1908 the average salary was $31.88, showing a healthy increase of salaries, but this is too low. rrhe average negro can earn that much chopping saw logs, with no knowledge or skill other than that required to chop a tree down and cut the top off.
In 1899 the salary to the County School Commissioner was $900 per year.
In 1908 it was only $426.00. In 1899 the County School Commissioner must have worked with the schools 300 days, because the maximum salary allowed by law for that official is $3.00 per day. In 1899 the County School Commissioner only made twenty official visits to the schools. In 1908 (from April 4th to December 31st) the County School Commissioner made 45 official visits. The time now allowed for the County School Commissioner to perform his duties is not sufficient for him to more than comply with the requirements of the law, and the rules of the Board of Education as a mere clerk and cashier, hence if he champions any educational movements it must be done, and is done, at his own expense. This,' undoubtedly, in the past has hampered the progress of the entire school system of the county.
In each district of the county there is some kind of a building called a "school house," but often if the children were absent there would not be enough semblance

242
to brand it as a place of educational endeavorance. There are two little log houses in the Southern part of the county, whose dimensions do not exceed 14x16 feet. There is not a ceiling board breaking the light of the summer sun. There is a hole in one end called a door, and a much smaller hole at the other -end called a window. So~ very rough plank with one very light coat of paint make little blackboards, with only one or two seats on the style of the old-fashioned- church benches, only one narrow board for a back; the remainder of the seats are placed near the walls, so that the children can lean their tired shoulders against the rough logs. There is a long table with a no-back seat at each edge, where the children prepare their written exercises, and these have to be prepared on slates. This table is too high for a well develol?ed man to write on-the children's arms are about the heighth of their chins when they are endeavoring to write. These are extreme cases, but there are others, where the houses are comfortable, the seats are uncomfortable, being too high and placed by a desk high enough for an adult.
Several houses in the county are comfortably ceiled, heated and lighted, and if they had proper seats, would accommodate very well the children of their communities, but there is not a house in this country that is properly seated, furnished with proper boards, maps, charts, cabinets for the use of teachers and pupils.
There is not a library in this county, and if tne schools had libraries they are not equipped to take care of them. The length of term for 1908 was only 60 days. rrhe enrollment was only 1,485 out of 2,280 children. The average per cent. of attendance was only 53, which means

243
that the average was, only 963 children went to school three months in the year 1908.
For the year 1909, the term is 80 days. The length of term for Ware county has usually been about 80 days. In the year 1908 the Board of Education reduced the term in order to save a surplus to meet the usual summer deficit which has caused the teachers to wait from three to six months for their pay after it becomes due.
The surplus saved is not large enough to entirely meet the deficit, but the Board decided to again make the term 80 days. About seventy-five per cent. of our schools are taught in summer; not because the school authorities consider that the best season under ordinary conditions, but because of uncomfortable houses, bad roads, very low, swampy land. It is almost impossible for children to attend winter schools. In the majority of districts, during the winter, the roads are unusually wet, muddy, covered with water from one to six inches deep, through which the children cannot wade, while in summer, if the roads are covered with water, the little fellows can splash the mud without endangering their health. These conditions are _rapidly passing since the County Commissioners are constructing good roads throughout the county. When the county has a network of dry roads, and comfortable school houses, gradual changes will be made from the summer to winter schools.
In the rural schools of Georgia, prescribed. by law, there are only about seven grades of studies, ranging from the first grade to, and including the seventh. This covers what is generally known as the common school branches. In the last ten years there has only been three changes in this course,-physiology, hygiene, civics, and agriculture have been added.

244
For the year ending April the 30th, 1908, only 66 children in the county went to school more than five months, the remainder doubtless went only the public term, four months. The result of such short terms and meagre attendance can only be read in one manner, that is, the average boy of Ware county, when he reaches manhood, will be unable to write a fair business letter, to compute the interest on a note, to draw a sight draft, or to render an account sales.
Let me give you an example. The last year I taught school in Ware county, in my room there was a bright little girl in the fourth grade half advanced. Two years later I visited the school where the little girl was and found her beginning the fifth grade. In answer to my question, she said" I have been to school every day of the public school term since you left." Now, the child has only twelve years to go to school, from six to eighteen. At this rate a very bright pupil could only expect to finish the sixth grade at the age Of eighteen, provided he should not lose a day. But the statistics here show that the average child only go~s to school half of the term each year, thus the average girl or boy will have just completed the third grade at the age of eighteen. Now, there are exceptions, but they rather prove than disprove the rule. This means that the average girl or boy would not be able to calculate the value of five yards of cloth at 73-4 cents per yard, or to write a receipt for the payment of a bill. While these appalling facts face us, there is yet ray of hope. Nothing so creates an appetite as starvation. The citizens and children of this county are now eager to welcome an era of learning along with the material prosperity that has thrust itself upon us.
if

245
]'our districts of the county hilVe voted to tax themselves to raise a special fund in order that they may construct better school houses, employ more competent teachers for longer terms. Several other districts have petitioned the ordinary to order elections that they may determine the question whether or not they shall levy a local tax to improve their conditions. Others will doubtless follow when they see the benefit derived therefrom.
In Georgia we pay $2.88 per capita per year as tuition in the common schools of the State. The average appropriation in the United States is $19.00 per year, and in some states it is as much as $36.00 per year. We can only hope to develop our veins of material wealth when we develop the wealth in the veins of our Georgia boys and girls.
Again let me stress the importance of paying better salaries and obtaining more competent teachers. You will notice that the average salary of the Ware county teachers as mentioned above, is $31.88, the length of term being four months. That would make his salary for the year $127.52. For the sake of argument, while it will not hold good, as a rule we will grant that the teachers teach two schools, making the salary $255.04. Georgia has found that convicts are worth $600.00 each per year, or a little more than twice what you pay your school teachers.
If the population of the county decreases for 50 years in the same ratio it has decreased for the last five years, there will not be a child between the age of six and eighteen in the county. I can account for this in the fact that the schools, roads and mail facilities have been so inadequate as to encourage immigration to town. Un-

246
to til we remedy these, we must expect -this migration
continue.
What shall become of the farms? With the construction of good roads throughout the county, the rural mail routes will come, then the schools must follow; but instead cf following they should lead. While I do not recommend this as a panacea of all school evils, it appears that the consolidation of schools so as to bring together the children in sufficient number to enable the communities to build comfortable school houses and employ several teachers for the school, commends itself, for the reason that children take pride in numbers, the competition is more fierce, the efforts greater, the rivalry stronger than in the one-room school. Then music, manual training, and other things not now thought of under our present system might be auded. It would enable us to obtain better teachers and to keep them from year to year, while now we often change teachers during the term. On the question of consolidation, I quote literally from J ames M~Klesley, principal Culverton consolidated school.
"It is difficult to make the comparison altogether in numbers. There are some elements entering into the estimate which can not be measured in dollars and cents, and which make the efficiency of the consolidated school, as compared with the small schools, ten times greater than its statistical showing. Among these may be mentioned:
1st. The inspiratIon and interest on the part of the pupils that comes from the fact that they are in a large school among many pupils. Children take pride in numbers, and a small school with only a few in a class do~s not afford that competition and rivalry which brings

247
forth the best there is in a child, and prepares him for the struggle of life.
2nd. Better and more permanent teaching force. Before consolidation there had been a change of teachers at Culverton every year, and sometimes oftener than that. The present principal is serving his third year. Teachers are willing to remain at one school for several years when the school is worth while.
3rd. Better grading, more rapid advancement, and more thorough work on the part of pupils. The average teacher in the little one-room school has from twenty to fifty recitations per day. Consolida}ion gives fewer and larger classes for each teacher and more time for ea<lh recitation. With more time for recitation work, and inspiration that comes from large classes, there mustnecessarily he greater growth on the part of the child.
4th. An enlarged course of study. High school work .. has been added at Culverton. Classes in music and elocution taught by trained teachers have been organized, and are self-sustaining. Manual training is being taught by a skilled teacher. Systematic instruction in the elementary principles of agriculture, is being given, and a school garden is being used for experimental purposes.
Consolidation, like other good movements, must pass through its period of ridicule and misrepresentation. The dagger that is most frequently used in fighting it is transportation. When the matter is managed intelligently, the only phase of the transportation question that can not be easily solved is that of bad roads. The only remedy for bad roads is good roads. With the present agitation for good roads, it will not be long until all roads will be passable in the very worst weather. But . notwithstanding the fact that the roads are often bad,

248
the farmer carries his c"otton to town, and the rural carrier goes his daily rounds delivering the mail. Do children not deserve as much consideration as a bale of cotton or the daily mail?
At Culverton transportation has never been the occasion of any considerable dissatisfaction. The Board of Education exercises great care in the selection of wagoners, and upon the wagoner depends mainly the fate of transportation. They are supplied with good wagons so fixed as to shut out the cold and rain. Eac.h morning the wagons make their respective rounds on schedule, reaching the school a few minutes before opening time. Again in the after-noon they are at the school building when school is dismissed, and the children are soon delivered safely to their homes if they live on the road traveled by the wagon, or to the point nearest their homes if they live off the road. The more remote pupils live about four and olle-half miles from the school, and the distance traveled by wagons varies from three to five miles. The drivers are responsible for the safety of the children on the wagons, and by contract, prohibit questionable language and other forms of misconduct among the pupils."
J. M. MARKEY, C. S. C

WILCOX COUNTY.

E. S. Hamilton, C. S. o.

I beg to hand you brief r:eport of the school operations of Wilcox county for the year 1908. According to the census taken in April we have 2,222 white and 1,196 colored, a total of 3,418 children between the ages of six and eighteen in this county. This is fifty-seven less than we had in 1903, and is accounted for by a por"

249
tion of our county having been taken to form the coun ties of Turner and Ben Hill.
We transferred to these new counties about seven hundred children, which goes to show that the sckool population in the territory which constitutes Wilcox county has increased about seven hundred since 1903. This is further shown by the fact that until about two years ago we did not employ a single assistant teacher for the country schools, and we are now employing eight and badly need six more, but in these six districts we have only one-room buildings, and cannot supply teachers until another room is added. We hope to remedy this by the opening of another term, and supply teachers where needed.
Although our people were financially depressed dur-' ing the year 1908, they have not been slow to improve the conditions of their schools. During the year eight school buildings have been erected, and most of them nice, large, commodious buildings. I wish to mention especially the nice two-room building erected in Union district, a one-room building in Center district, a oneroom building in the Fountain district, and a one-room building in the Pleasant Grove district; the latter large enough for two rooms. Seven buildings were equipped with patent desks during the year, and quite a number with good blackboards.
About $3,000.00 has been spent in improvements, besides much work that has been done by the patrons themselves. The Board of Education has given about $400.00 of this money, and the balance has been paid from taxes collected, and a little by public subscription. We have twenty-nine rural districts in the county, and

250
twenty-one of these have voted and are operating under the local tax act.
We feel justly proud of the progress made, yet we havj1 a great deal to do. We have too many little oneroom buildings, and are slow in getting our people to see the advantages of consolidation..We are still working and hoping that these evils will be remedied in the near future.We have buildings that are not comfortable, and I beg to say that these buildings are in districts where they have not yet voted the local tax. Under the leadership of Prof. H. _J. Lawrence, Superintendent of the Rochelle public schools, our institutes have been more enthusiastic and instructive than ever before in the history of the county. As a whole, we have a noble set of teachers, and each one spared no pains to make their school the best. I am greatly indebted to this noble set of men and women for the progress made the past year. On account of my records being destroyed by fire I am unable to give any statistical data in this brief report, but suffice to say that the enrollment and average attendance have been better than in any year past. The colored schools of the county are in a flourishing condition, and good work is being done by these teachers. The village and town schools are doing good work, and are in charge of competent and well selected teachers.

Yours truly,

..

E. S. HAMILTON

251

WHITFIELD COUNTY.

J. C. Sapp, C; S. C.

The, schools of our county are in fairly prosperous condition, and school interest is on the increase.
This increased interest is shown by a slight but steady increase of the average daily attendance of pu, pils and by the gradual improvement from year to year in our school buildings. Our old buildings are being repaired and enlarged, and some of them are rejoicing in a new coat of paint. Some interest, too, is being taken in school gardening since the adoption of the stock law in our county.
However, the best evidence of school interest is shown by the agitation of the local tax question in nearly all parts of the county. Three districts have already voted favorably on this measure. In one instance the vote was unanimous in favor of local taxation; and in another, there was only one dissenting vote.
Other districts are petitioning for elections, and it is thought that within a short while practically all of the districts of the county will be in the local tax column. .
During the year of 1908 about one-third of our schools had a private supplementary term of from one to three months. The number of schools having a supplementary term have shown a marked and steady increase during the past few years.
In the office of the County School Commissioner we have a splendid juvenile library of about six hundred volumes. These books are carried to the schools by the teachers and placed into the hands of such children as may care to read them. In this way we have aroused considerable enthusiasm in library work and have established a number of district libraries.

252
We are strong in the belief of our ability to advance, and doubt not that in a few years we shall take rank in the line of education with the foremost counties of the State.
J. C. SAPP, C. S. C.

WILKINSON COUNTY.

J. S. W,?od, C. S. C.

The schools opened on first Monday in November last year. Since that time I know that the report is correct; the time prior to this, in many instances, the report has been made from my knowledge as Chairman of the Board of Education, as my predecessor left me no data from which to obtain accurate information; however, I am satisfied that in the main the report is substantially correct. Our people generally are interested in education, but not sufficiently to make the necessary sacrifices for the education of their children. In most neighborhoods there is a disposition to turn the matter over to the State entirely, not willing to supplement the small amount paid by the State in order to get better teachers or longer terms. There are exceptions to ~his however, and some of the patrons are aroused to the necessity of acting promptly and generously in this matter. One flew house has been built and several repaired with the addition of patent seats, etc. The greatest difficulty I find to the progress of the schools arises from the number of schools. We have too many to the number of children. It seems that every patron wants a school at his door, and if it is placed say two or two and a half miles away complaint is made at once-he is entitled to his pro-rata share of the school fund. and he has not been treated fairly in locating the school, etc.

253

I :find it a difficult task to satisfy all on this point, but

am convinced that it is to the interest of our schools

to reduce their number. Perhaps this can be better

accomplished gradually, and as the people become

educated to the practice of having larger and better

schools and better qualified teachers opposition to it

will cease. But I feel that at the first attempt to

,

inaugurate this plan strong opposition will arise, but

with a Commissioner and Board with sufficient nerve

and courage I feel that long strides can be made to the

advantage of education, and ultimately the purpose for

which these schools were established will be accom-

plished.

Yours truly,

J. s. WOOD, C. S. C.

254
REPORTS OF THE UNIVERSITY AND ITS BRANCHES.
REPORT OF THE UNIVERSITY.
ATHENS, GA., April 12, 1909.
HON. JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner; I am glad to report that the University has passed
through a successful year. There has been no deaths among the students, and only a few cases of serious illness, most of which cases developed at such times as to indicate that the sickness was contracted elsewhere.
I was myself out of health for a long time, but it iB gratifying to report that the University, owing to the efficiency of Dean Charles M. Snelling and our able and conscientious Faculty suffered no injury by my absence.
The enrollment of the long course students is 502, which is one greater than that of last year.
n is gratifying to know that we have had the largest
Freshman Class in the history of the University.. The result is especially satisfactory in the light of our increased entrance requirements because it shows that the High Schools of the State are improving. The vital relation between the High Schools and the University requires them to serve each other. The University seeks to build up the High Schools by fixing such entrance requirements as will stimulate and encourage the schools.
To illustrate from my own experience: When I first began teaching in the University as Instructor in Mathematics, Arithmetic had a place in the course, and both

255
Algebra and Geometry. were begun in the Freshman Class. There was then no place for the High School. We have gradually raised our standard and thus made the High School necessary.
The High School is essential in the Educational System of the community. It raises the standard of education.
Even the children who do not go on to the High School realize that there is something beyond, which is one important result in any education. Indeed the influence of the High School on the community- is similar to the influence of the University on the State.
It is a matter of regret that the sickness of Professor Stewart during the latter portion of the winter and the spring interfered seriously with our work in connection with the High Schools. I desire to express to you and to Presidents M. M. Parks and E. C. Branson, the thanks of the University for the readiLless with which you came to our assistance in carrying out this work. The members of the Faculty, here, also gave cordial assistance and we hope to be able to complete the work before the term closes. The importance of this matter will, I trust, excuse this seeming digression.
The Summer School is growing in efficiency and numbers. The attendance last summer was 355, which shows a gratifying increase. I am pleased to report that Superintendent T. J. Woofter has arranged a course of study extending through several years, which will greatly enlarge the usefulness of the School.
There are not many teachers in Georgia older in the work than myself and I get benefit each year from the School.
During the year the Agricultural College was opened.

256

At the time I was detained at home by sickness, which

was, of course, a great deprivation to me. I am in-

tensely interested in this work and am convinced that

the widest field of usefulness is opening to it. Not only

do I believe in the value of the work of A~icultural

Colleges, but I am persuaded that th~ study can he

made effective down to the primary grades. Naturally

the success of the Agricultural College has come first

because of the work of the specialist who has earlier sys-

tematized the course; but with proper system in the

work of elementary grades it will become equally profi-

table and attractive.

-

The ample report of President Soule gives the work of the College in detail. It wrll be seen from this report that 85 students have taken this short course. The total number receiving instruction on this campus during the year reaches 942.

. The other departments of the University have been conducted with accustomed faithfulness and efficiency. It gives me pleasure to express my appreciation of the ability and devotion to duty shown by my colleagues. One great privilege of the accident of office is the call to express praise where praise is due.

At their annual meeting the Trustees gave careful consideration to the School of Education. It was decided to extend and enlarge, and Professor Thomas J. vVoofter was entrusted with this work. In his hands we may safely expect the work to become of the greatest value to the educational interests of the State. Through this School we will prepare teachers for High Schools and thus meet the growing need of the State.
n is hoped that the Trustees will be able at the next
meeting, to make provision for a School of Commerce.

257
Hon. R. E. Park, State Treasurer, wrote me that in no bank inspected by him was there found an assistant who had been especially educated for his work. It is quite true that in the rapid intercourse and complex life of the present day we have as much need for special training in business as is required for many professions. Better education on the part of those engaged in business will tend to protect them and prevent men of unusual ability from destroying or absorbing their competitors. Education is not expected to make men equal, but it unquestionably makes them stronger.
Another and vital need of the University is medical education. I think the course should be limited to two years, leaving the student to complete his work in one of the schools having large hospital facilities. Such a course at the University would aid all of the medical colleges in the State. It should be open only to students having considerable preparation,-I should say, equal to that of admission to Sophomore class. When it is remembered that this would be a preparation perhaps two years in advance of that which is now required, it can be seen that there will be a great gain at the beginning. At the end of two years work, these men would go into third year classes in the medical college, and the intermingling with their class mates would inevitably show the advantage of preparation.
This is not the greatest good, however, that would come to this State from this medical course. The University Medical School would be the medium through which the State could attack problems in hygiene. These problems are so inseparable from education that the most effective way in which to reach them is through the schools. Our trustees approve of these extensions
9-de

258
and are only prevented from carrying them into effect by lack of means.
I am greatly rejoiced to report most cordial relations between all of the institutions whic4 make up the University system. All of them are working with the single thought of serving the State, and the State has just reason for pride in the s-ervice rendered.
The growth of Georgia in wealth will enable her to do more for her young people on whom will fall the duty of perpetuating her greatness.
With widened usefulness gained at no sacrifice of thoroughness, with growing efficiency, and increasing capacity to serve the State, the University asks but the means with which to serve.
Yours respectfully,
DAVID C. BARROW,
Chancellor.

259
REPORT OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY.
ATLANTA, GA., May 11, 1909.
Hon. JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner, City.
DEAR SIR :-1 have the honor to submit the following report of the Georgia School of Technology f.or the current scholastic year 1908-1909:
ATTENDANCE.
During the current year we have enrolled 565 students, 72 Night School students and 44 Summer School students, the largest enrollment in the history of the School. This attendance was secured prospectively by July 15th, ~908, so that for the remainder of the summer, we found it necessary to discontinue our efforts to further increase the attendance. Even with this c~ssa tion of effort, we had on our dormitory waiting list at the opening of the session September 30th, 1908, over 150 applicants to whom we could not assign rooms in our dormitories. The most striking feature of the enrollment was the largely increased number of applicants for admission to the Freshman Class and the smallest Apprentice Class during the past several years. This result was largely due to the efforts of the authorities of this institution to induce students in the High Schools of the State to remain in their Schools until graduation, and to present themselves for admission to Tech only when well prepared to enter the Freshman Class. With our present plant, the School should not attempt to enroll over 500 students during a session; there is an ever increasing demand for admission, however, 011 the

260

part of the young men of Georgia, and the State must greatly enlarge our present plant if we are to meet this demand.
States represented in the enrollment, 16. Counties of Georgia represented, 91. Percentage of enrollment having residence in coun-
try, village, town and city: Country, .08; village, .07; town, .33; city, .52.
Occupation of parents or: guardians of the 565 students, Georgia School of Technology:

Occupation Clerks
State Officers Contractors Farmers Merchants Insurance Thien Manufacturers Lawyers
Physicians Cotton Merchants Teachers
Railway Agents Engineers Traveling Salesmen VVorkmen
Miscellaneous

No. 25
9 18 76 .__ 127 19 44 2g
35 15 17
12 22 23 28
66

Total

565

Night School

72

Summer School

44

Total enrollment

681

261
DISCIPLINE.
Again it is my pleasure to chronicle a year of fine results in conduct on the part of the student body. It is our belief that the students of the School have a record for good conduct unsurpassed by any corps in this country. Fundamental requirements only, are prescribed, and rigid adherence to high principles is insisted upon rather than forced obedience to a multiplicity of rules, drastic and otherwise. The Faculty has extended to students the option of self-government under the Honor System as applied to all recitations, examinations, shops and laboratory work; and the Sophomore, Junior and Senior Classes have responded by voluntarily adopting the Honor System. One of the most potent influences in the School for high character and conduct, is the Young Men's Christian Association, which i", doing most active and effective work under the leadership of the College Secretary, Mr. A. E. Turner.
ACADEMIC AND ENGINEERING RESULTS.
It is generally conceded by the authorities of the School, that the best academic and engineering results in our history have been achieved during the current session. A smaller percentage than ever before has been found deficient in studies and the improved attendance upon duties has been noteworthy. The gratifying results of the session are attributable, principally, to two causes: First, the strong spirit of co-operation which has been developed between the Faculty and the students; and second, the restrictions and discouragement placed upon the admission of unprepared students. So soon as High School conditions in the State of Georgia will warrant the step, it is the intention of the authori-

262
ties to limit admission only to those students thoroughly prepared to do engineering work. By such action, the High Schools of the State will be fostered and protected and the School will give annually to the industrial development of the State, an increased and better prepared number of engineering leaders.
In order to train our students for the highest efficiency, it is imperative that the shops, mill and laboratories be equipped with the latest and best machinery, apparatus and mechanical devices, and it is urgently hoped that the State will supply this necessary equip. ment. As a matter of interest, it is well to state we have found it impossible during the current session to install valuable donations of machinery on account of a lack of funds. It is needless to state that such conditions discourage donations from manufacturing corporations.
In response to a demand, the study of Spanish has been introduced during the session in addition to the courses in French and German already given. A large class in Spanish was formed, and has made satisfactory progress in the study of the language.
The Department of Architecture which was authorized by. the Local Board of Trustees, April 8th, 1908, was put into full and effective operation at the beginning of the session under the direction of Prof. Prescott A. Hopkins. It is not too much to say that no department has ever been inaugurated more auspiciously. Over thirty students have been enrolled for the work, and they have shown an enthusiasm which has been gratifying. Prof. Hopkins has won unusual success in organizing and conducting the department, and the course promises to achieve the high standard attained

263
by the other departments of the School. It is imperative, however, that sufficient equipment be secured immediately if the department is to do its best work. The make-shift conditions of the present have been outgrown and better housing and equipment are essential.
GRADUATES.
The School, by efficient and honest work, has attained its place in the front rank of American and engineering institutions, and the demand for its graduates is much greater than the supply. Virtually 90 per cent. of the graduates are engaged in engineering work, and by their leadership and skill, are proving most important factors in developing the remarkable and natural resources of Georgia and the South.
The value of such leadership is becoming more and more evident, and as proved by experience, is essential, if the best industrial development is to be attained. It is not to be doubted that in view of our natural resources trained leaders will be supplied, if not by us, then by others who will justly reap the benefits. The State's duty to itself demands that the School shall have a plant and equipment fully adequate to impart the highest order of technical training. Degrees of Bachelor of Science are given in Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Textile Engineering, Engineering Chemistry, Chemistry and Architecture. It is hoped that funds will be provided to develop the Department of Mining Engineering established in September, 1906.
FACULTY.
Forty-six professors, instructors and officials have conducted the work of the different courses in classrooms, shops, mill, laboratories and library. It is a

264
pleasure to state that the present Faculty is the most efficient in the history of the institution, and I regret that superior inducements elsewhere will cause us to lose some of its valued members. It is essential that I call attention to the condition of overwork imposed upon the Faculty, practically every member of which is overburdened with an amount of work which would not be permitted in the best institutions of other sections of the country. It is imperative that additional instructors be secured in order that better results be accomplished, not only as regards academic and shop work, but also by making possible a broader curriculum which will enable the School to establish a much needed system of prerequisites. The increased Faculty, moreover, would enable the School to institute the co-operative system of education so successful elsewhere, by means of which, students are enabled to engage in practical and professional work, while carrying on their regular courses.
The following are the departments of the institution; with their official heads:
Mathe~atics-*Prof.O. T. Geckeler. Engineering Chemistry-Dr. W. H. Emerson. Mechanical Engineering-Prof. J. S. Coon. English-Prof. S. S. Wallace. Electrical Engineering-Prof H. P. W bod. Civil Engineering-Prof. T. P. Branch. Experimental Engineering~Prof. J. N. G. Nesbit. Physics-Prof. J. B. Edwards.* Drawing-Prof. J. S. Coon. Physical Culture-Dr. W. A. Jackson, Jr.
*Resigned.

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Modern Languages-Dr. J. B. Crenshaw. Geology and Mineralogy-Prof. W. S. Kell. Textile Engineering-Prof. W. N. Randle. Architecture-Prof. P. A. Hopkins.
BUILDINGS.
All the buildings of the School are in comparatively good condition. $5,000.00 was appropriated by the legislature at its session in 1908, for the equipment of the library, which is now in effective operation. Due to constant growth, the School has not a sufficient number of class-rooms for its actual work and it is hoped that appropriation will be made by the next legislature for an academic huilding to house the Departments of Architecture and Physics.
An infirmary is also greatly needed. A small building of two rooms is the School's present infirmary, and an ever-possible epidemic would result disastrously.
In the matter of campus extension, it is a pleasure to state that the property at the corner of North Avenue and Fowler Streets, to which I referred in my last re-
to port, has been secured, and no effort will be spared
enlarge the campus further.
TUITION AND FEES.
Each county in the State is entitled to fifteen free scholarships. These scholarships will be awarded on the ground of excellence in character and preparation, and time of entrance.
The amount of tuition charged to the excess of fifteen from a county of this State is $25 per annual session.
Residents of other States pay a tuition of $100 per year, in addition to the feefS; of $25 and $5, mentioned below.

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Every student, of whatever place of residence, pays an annual fee of $25 to cover contingent expenses. Half of this amount is payable on entrance and the remainder on or before :B'ebruary 7th.
A contingent fee of $5 will be required to be deposited with the treasurer on entrance, to cover injury done to college buildings, apparatus or furniture, which sum will be returned to the student on .leaving, if not forfeited.
Until above fees have been paid, no student will be allowed to participate in the duties and recitations of his class.
Text-books and stationery may be purchased from the quartermasters.
Each student is required to ~have two suits of overalls, costing about $1.00 each.
SCHOLARSHIPS.
In March, 1909, Mr. E. P. McBurney, of Atlanta, established three scholarships to be known as the "E. P. McBurney Scholarships," which are to be self-perpetuating in that the beneficiary refunds the money in small monthly notes, after graduation. The conditions under which the scholarships are to be awarded are as follows:
First; the applicant must be at least 16 years of age and must be prepared to enter the Freshman Class.
Second; no one is eligible whose family pays taxes on more than $3,000.00 worth of property. (Affidavits from State and county tax collectors to this effect are required).
Third; the scholarships are to pay $200.00 per year for four years and are to be awarded by the donor and the President.

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NIGHT SCHOOL.
The Night School which was inaugurated March 2d, 1908, and to which I referred in my last report, has been conducted co-ordinately with our regular session, and we have reason to believe is supplying a long-felt want. Due to the financial depression, the attendance has not been so large as during the first term of its existence; but the quality of work performed has been of a higher order and the students enrolled have shown a keen appreciation of the advantages offered. The Night School is supported by an appropriation from the city council of Atlanta, supplemented by a small contingent fee charged each student. At present, training is offered in 24 trades; also instruction is given in Elementary English and Mathematics. It will be the efforts of the authorities to institute such further courses as may be justified by demand. Seventy-two students have been enrolled during the current session.
SUMMER SCHOOL.
An informal Summer School has been conducted by certain of our instructors in private capacities for the past twelve summers. Recognizing the importance of the work, however, the Board of Trustees has authorized the I!"'aculty to organize a Summer School as a component part of the institution, and gran,ting full credit for work done during the summer session. The credits are granted on the following basis:
1. That credits be given for entrance except to Freshman and Apprentices, deficiencies and for advanced standing.

2()8

II. That in those subjects where credit is given, the work in the Summer School shall be equivalent in character and scope and approximately equivalent in time tL\ the work of the regular course; and that it be conducted in essentially the same manner. Work in these credit subjects shall be passed on the same basis as work done during the regular School Session. A five hour subject will have a double daily assignment.

III. That advanced credits be allowed in not more than two three-hour subjects, and then only with the approval of the department concerned.

IV. That for students preparing for entrance to Freshman and Apprentice, and deficient students not desiring credits (as provided in section II.), there shall be held at the end of the Summer School the regular examination. This examination shall be under the immediate direction of the heads of the departments concerned, and shall be governed by the rules concerning examinations which appear in the Regulations of the Georgia School of Technology.

V. All examinations shall be governed by the rules

of the Georgia School of Technology and be held by the

authorities of the same.

'

During the Summer School of 1908, forty-four students were enrolled.

VISIT OF PRESIDENT-ELECT TAFT.
Due to its location in Atlanta, the School has unusual opportunities for enjoying visits from distinguished men. As one of the chief points of local interest, it is almost invariably included in tours of inspection by such guests, and its reputation is thus extended co-ordinately

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with the advantages offered students in hearing addresses from the notable men of the nation. On October 20th, 1905, a visit was enjoyed from former President Roosevelt, and the honor of again entertaining the Chief Executive of the Nation was repeated in the visit to the school of President-elect William H. Taft, January 16th of the present year. The occasion was marked by proper ceremony, and much enthusiasm, and was exploited in the press of the country at large. The exercises of "Taft Day" have been published in an attractive pamphlet which can be secured by addressing the President of the School.
Catalogs containing full information concerning the School will be mailed to all interested applicants.
Respectfully submitted,
K. G. MATHESON, President.

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REPORT OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
ATHENS, GA., March 25, 1909.
HON. JERE M. POUND, S. S. C., Atlanta, Ga. DEAR SIR: In conformity with your request, I am
submitting to you a brief report of the State Normal School, Athens, Ga., for the fifteenth annual session.
1.-STATISTICS.
Students registered during session to, date, April 1, 1909, 545; pupils in Muscogee Elementary School, 137; total enrollment, 682. Applicants turned away from lack of room, 173. Teachers in Faculty, 31; teachers and officers, 38. Counties represented by students, 107. Students holding diplomas from other schools, 131. Students holding first-grade licenses, 69; second-grade licenses, 95; third-grade licenses, 38. Students having experience in teaching, 207. Students who earned the money they spend here, 193. 61 per cent. of our students are the sons and daughters of farmers. Calls on us for teachers, 1908-09, 474-more than ten times the average number of our graduates year by year. Total registration since the founding of the school, 8,014; more than 90 per cent. of theni have since taught in our common schools. Total graduates to June, 1908,431. Counties represented by these graduates, 110.
Buildings: Academic buildings, 3; dormitory buildings, 3; dining hall andmens' dormitory, 1; infirmary, 1; dairy barn, 1. Total, 9. New Carnegie Library ($20,000) will be begun in the early spring.,

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2.-GRADUATE STUDENTS.
The following schools are represented by graduates in the student body of the State Normal School: Sparks Collegiate Institute, Martha Washington College, Statesboro Institute, Glynn Academy, Georgia Normal and Business Institute, Lucy Cobb Institute, Perry-Rainey College, Martin Institute, Culloden Institute, BanksStephens Institute, Southern Normal Institute, 'Vaynesboro Academy, Butler College, St. Joseph Academy, Euharlee Industrial Institute, John Means Institute, Cornelia Normal Institute, Muscogee Elementary School, Villa Maria Convent, Summerville Academy, Young Harris College, Georgia Military College, Waverly Hall, Palmer Institute, Bessie Tift College, State Normal School, and the High Schools of Chipley, Winterville, Sparta, Brookley, Griffin, Hawkinsville, Gresham, Austell, Athens, Ashburn, O'Neal, Columbus, Tubman, Monroe, Guinn, Hephzibah, Thomasville, Savannah, Dublin, Richland, LaGrange, Lithonia, Covington, Madison, Bluffton, Elberton, Watkinsville, Winder, Monticello, Oconee, Camilla, Ethridge, Woodbury, Eatonton, Union Point, Boston, Donaldsonville, Abbeville, Duval, Wynnton, Cornelia. Albany, Elberta, Rehobath, Washington, Conyers, Powder Springs, Cedartown, Marietta,Lawrenceville, Tallapoosa, Dallas.
3.-ExPENSES.
The expenses of a student for the full school year are as follows: Dormitory charges, $92.50; registration fee, $5.00; library fee, $2.00; infirmary fee, $1.00; laundering, about $12.00; total, $112.50. This does not include books, stationery, etc., which will average perhaps $5.00 per class. This school,with its 9 buildings,

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its 17 departments of instruction and its 37 officers and teachers, is putting at the service of the teachers of the State a maximum of advantages for a minimum of cost.
4.-RELATION OF THE SCHOOL TO THE COMMON SCHOOLS.
Our fifty odd graduates year by year do not fully represent the importance of the school to the common schools of the State. You will notice, for instance, that we have had here this year more than 200 teachers, taking our common school review courses, getting ready for the annual State examination. As a rule after taking these courses, these teachers easily get a first-grade license and go back into the school rooms of their communities to return an immediate benefit to the State for the opportunities enjoyed here. In all, this school, since its establishment, has had something more than 6,000 of its students teaching in the common schools of the State.
5.-THE SCHOOL AS RELATED TO THE HIGH SCHOOLS OF
THE STATE.
In the student body this year there .are 131 students holding diplomas from High Schools and Colleges of the State, and who are for the most part, putting two years of work into the earning of our diploma. Graduates from High Schools, having a four year course, take our diploma with comparative ease in two years.
We have many students who have had considerable experience in teaching. Some of them have been ten or twelve years in the schoolroom. We have many students that are more than thirty years of age. We have had students here more than 50 years of age. As a rule these have come out of the schoolrooms of the State and are our most anxious and zealous students in preparing for better work in teaching.

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6.-THE NEW CARNEGIE LIBRARY.
We shall be breaking ground shortly for our new Library Building, a handsome $20,000 structure. It will be a great joy. Our present library has outgrown its cramped quarters-we have room neither for the books nor the students who want to use them, but in the fall we shall be occupying a handsome new building with modern arrangements and equipments. Six hundred and ten volumes have been placed upon the shelves this year, making our total to be something more than five thousand volumes, with no dead books among them.
7.-COURSES OFFERED.
I.-Review Classes.
Review A.
(Throughout the Year.)
Grammar, 4; Spelling, 2; Reading, 3; U. S. History and Civics, 3; Physiology, 2; Geography, 3; Agriculture, 2; Arithmetic, 5; Penmanship, 1; Physical Culture, 2; Recitations per Week, 25.
Review B.
(Throughout the Year.)
Grammar, 3; Spelling, 1; Expression, 1; Literature, 2; U.S. History and Civics, 3; Georgia History, (1st Sem.) 2; Physiology, (2d Bern.) 2; Geography, 2; Agriculture, 2; Arithmetic, 3; Drawing and Penmanship, 2; Physical Culture, 2; total 21.

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Review C.
(Half-Year Courses, beginning in September and again in January.)
Grammar, 3; Spelling, 1; Expression, 1; Reading, 2; U. S. History and Civics, 3; Georgia History, 1; Physiology, 2; Geography, 2; Agriculture, 2; Arithmetic, 3; Penmanship, 1; Dinsmore's Country School and Dutton's School Management, 3; total, 24.
2.-Diploma Courses: Required Subjects. Freshman Class.
English Composition, 2; American Literature, 2; Expression, 2; English History, (1st Sem.) 2; Physical Geography (2d Sem.) 2; Physics, 3; Algebra and Observational Geometry, 4; Drawing and Handicrafts, 2; Botany and Entomology, 3; Common School Music, 2; Physical Culture, 2; Recitations per week, 22.
Sophomore ClaS's.
Rhetoric, 2; English Literature, 2; Expression, 2; General History, 2; Chemistry, 2; Geometry, 4; Psychology, 3; Agriculture and Nature Study, 1D; Domestic Science or Commercial Arithmetic, 1; Manual Arts, 1; C. S. Music, 2; Physical Culture, 2; total, 22.
Junior Class.
Geography and History Reviews, 2; English Literature, 2; Expression, 2; Grammar and Arithmetic Reviews, 2; Geometry and Advanced Algebra, 2; History Ed. and Methods, 4; Agriculture and Nature Study, 1D; Manual Arts~ 1D; Domestic Science, 1D; Practice

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Teaching, 2; Conference, 1; C. S. Music, 2; Physical Culture, 2; total, 22.
Senior Class.
Trigonometry, 2; Child Study and Advanced Psychology, 2; Principles of Education and Management, 2; Practice Teaching, 4; Conference, 1; Expression, 2; Agriculture and School Gardening, lD; Manual Arts, lD; Domestic Science, lD; Common School Reviews, 4; C. S. Music, 2; Physical Culture, 2; total 22.
Optional Courses.
Latin, Greek, French, German, Domestic Science, Manual Arts, Instrumental Music.
8 . -BIBLE STUDY COURSES.
The school is offering this year progressive courses in Bible study, which during the student's school life here will give her an opportunity of studying the Book from Genesis to Revelations. The weekly readings and the weekly quiz follow the course outlined and published by Miss Ida A. Young, who for many years has been a faithful arid efficient teacher in the school. The student volunteers or not to take these courses as she pleases; but having undertaken these courses her recitation work is valued as any other work is valued, and results of it are made a matter of record and appear upon the . reports of the students. More than 90 per cent. of the student body is doing this work under six teachers of the Faculty, who with great interest and enthusiasm have volunteered to help. We think here that a knowledge of the Bible is a large part of the training of a worthy teacher.

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The school bulletin for the new year will be ready for the mail June 1st. Applicants for places in our dormitories will need to apply well in advance of that date in order to secure places.
Address the President.
Respectfully submitted,
E. C. BRANSON, President.

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THE GEORGIA NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE.
MILLEDGEVILLE, GA., May 18, 1908.
HON. JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner, Atlanta, Ga.
DEAR SIR :~In response to your letter, I take pleasure in presenting the following report of the Georgia Nor. mal and Industrial College for the past year, the same , being the eighteenth annual session of the institution.
ATTENDANCE.
:During -the past year, we have enrolled students from
no counties, the total number of students being 544
(this does not include the younger students in the 'l'raining School). The attendance this year is the largest in the history of the institution. Besides this, hundreds of young ladies have been refused admission to the college because of a lack of room. The number of applications received in recent years is shown by the following table:
1904-05.-Applications, 363; admitted, 363; turned away, O.
1905-06.-Applications, 540; admitted, 410; turned away, 130.
1906-07.-Applications, 605; admitted, 426; turned away, 179.
1907-08.-Applications, 847; admitted, 483, turned away, 364.
1908-09.-Applications, 949; admitted, 544; turned away, 405.

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COST OF ATTENDANCE.

The entire cost of attendance in the institution for the full session of nine months, including living expenses in the dormitories, laundry, matriculation fee, books and stationery, is about $120. This is a liberal estimate. Tuition is free to Georgia students. The exact cost is as follows:

1. Board (including laundry) nine months __$99.00

2. Matriculation or entrance fee

10.00

3. Tuition free to Georgia girls

_

4. Books, about

10.00

EQUIPMENT.

$119.00

The value of the buildings and grounds of the Georgia Normal and Industrial College amounts to more than $250,000.00. The present equipment is as follows:
1. CAMPUS. The college campus consists of twentythree acres in the central part of the city of Milledgeville. Surrounded by well shaded streets and adorned with stately buildings, with well kept lawns and with a luxuriant growth of trees, the campus attracts universal admiration.
2. MANSION DORMITORY. This magnificent building was erected in 1838 as a residence for the governors of Georgia when Milledgeville was the capital of the State. For thirty years, it was the Executive Mansion of the State of Georgia and as such it served as the home of Governors Gilmer, Charles J. MacDonald, George W. Crawford, George W. Towns, Howell Cobb, Joseph E. Brown, James Johnson and Charles J. Jenkins. It is

279
now used as a college dormitory and as a residence of
the president of the college.
3. THE .MAIN COLLEGE BUILDING is a commodious edifice four stories high. It was erected in 1891. It is used exclusively for teaching and class room purposes and is situated in the center of the college campus.
4. THE ANNEX DORMITORY was erected in 1892. It is connected with the Mansion Dormitory by a short arcade.
5. THE ATKINSON HALL DORMITORY was erected in 1896. It is a ll;trge brick building and accommodates nearly two hundred boarding students.
6. THE CHAPELL INDUSTRIAL BUILDING was completed in May, 1907. The building is beautiful in architecture and affords additional class rooms for use of the Physical Training and Normal Departments, the Domestic Arts Department, and Domestic Science Department. As soon as the college is able to attain additional class rooms, it is planned that all of the rooms of this building should be devoted. to the work of Household Economics-that is, to work related to the home, including both Domestic Arts (Sewing., Dressmaking, Millinery) and Domestic Science (Cooking, Study of Foods, Home Sanitation, House Bacteriology, Household Chemistry, Household Decoration, and the Care of the Sick).
7. THE LAMAR HALL DORMITORY was completed in September 1908 and is considered one of the handsomest college dormitories in the South. It is attractive in the interior furnishings as well as in the exterior architecture. The rooms are well ventilated, well lighted, and furnished in simple but refined taste. In addition to the ordinary furniture, each room contains a small closet and also each room is supplied with a

280
lavatory, having both hot and cold water. This dormitory accommodates 136 students, besides having apartments for the matron.
THE MODEL HOME.
During the past year an interesting experiment has been made in practical household management by a dozen of the college girls. These students were chosen from nearly fifty applicants who desired to carryon the experiment in what is commonly called the Model Home.
Throughout the year they have cooked and served their own meals, entertained their own guests, managed their expenses, and assumed entire care of the home. ,The work has been done on the co-operative plan in addition to the regular work in the collegiate, normal and industrial courses. The honor of residing in the Model Home is a much coveted one among the students. Hundreds of visitors Eave visited the home and the plan has been enthusiastically approved by the visitors as well as by the students and faculty.
The twelve young ladies-have made a brilliant success of the enterprise and under their administration the home has been the model of cleanliness, of order and of a fair division of labor. The experiment will be continued another year.
OCCUPATIONS OF PARENTS OR GUARDIANS OF STUDENTS OF
GEORGIA NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE, 1908-1909.
Farming, 229; Merchandise, 74; Occupations not given (widows), 35; Physicians, 31; Salesmen, 25 ; Railroading, 9; Lawyers, 11; Lumbering, 8; Bookkeepers, 7; Ministers, 7; Boarding-house Keepers, 6 j

281
Real Estate, 5; Postmasters, 5; Manufacturing, 5'; Druggists, 5; Contractors, 5; Engineers, 6; Miscellaneous (County School Commissioners, Dentists, Mechanics, Capitalists, Brokers, State Officers, Teachers, Editors, Ordinaries, Bankers, Sheriffs, Insurance Agents, etc.), 71; total 544.
PLACES OF RESIDENCE OF STUDENT BODY GEORGIA NORMAL
AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE, 1908-1909.
Town, 261 ; Country, 155; Village, 94; City, 34; Total 544.
PURPOSE OF THE COLLEGE.
The obj~ct of the State in establishing and supporting this school is to provide for the young women of Georgia an institution in which they may get such special instruction a~d training as will prepare them to earn their own living by the vocation of teaching, or by those industrial and fine arts that are suitable for women to pursue. Subsidiary to these two main objects the institution also teaches those branches of learning' that constitute a general good education. It furthermore instructs and trains its pupils in those household arts that are essential to the complete education of every woman, whatever her calling in life may be, or in whatever sphere of society she may move.
In other words, the purpose of the college is to prepare Georgia girls:
1. To?o intelligent work as teachers, according to the best methods known to modern pedagogics.
2. To earn their own livelihood by the practice of some one or other of those industrial arts suitable for women to follow.

282
, 3. To earn their own livelihood as instructors in music or in fine arts.
4. To exert an uplifting and refining influence on family and society by means of a cultured intellect, which can only be obtained by a systematic education in the higher branches of learning.
5. To be skillful and expert in those domestic arts that lie at the foundation of all successful housekeeping and home-making.
To accomplish these several educational purposes, the courses of study pursued in the school are divided, in a general way, into the. principal departments, namely:
1. The Normal Department. 2. The Collegiate Department. 3. The Industrial Department. 4. The Music and Fine Arts Department.
NORMAL DEPARTMENT.
General Plan.
The purpose of this department is to prepare young women for the business of teaching. In the proper preparation of the teacher there are three principal elements, namely:
1. Broad and accurate scholarship. 2. Professional knowledge. 3. Skill in the practice of teaching.
The first of these requisites, namely, broad and accurate scholarship, this college undertakes to give in the course of collegiate study as stated in detail in separate catalogue.

l
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The second requisite, namely, professional knowledge, it undertakes to give in the study of Psychology and Pedagogy, in the junior and senior classes, as stated in the catalogue of the college.
The third requisite, namely, skill in the practice of teaching, it undertakes to give by a'thorough course of practical training in teaching the children of the various grades in the Model School and by instruction in methods of teaching.
Course of Study.
Th~ course of study includes all of the studies of the Collegiate Department, except that in the junior year Chemistry is omitted, and in the senior year either Trigorlometry or Latin is elected, the other omitted. In the place of these omissions a second year of Freehand drawing and the professional courses as outlined below are required.
COLLEGIATE DE;PARTMENT.
The object of the Collegiate Department is twofold: 1. To give to those young women who wish to prepare themselves for the vocation of teaching that broad, liberal and accurate scholarship which is requisite to the education of every teacher. 2. To give those young women who have the time, taste and capacity for it, that high education that develops a cultivated womanhood. No attempt is made to advance the standard of learning beyond what is already established in leading Southern female colleges, but in thoroughness and accuracy it is believed the work of this school is superior to anything yet done in any higher female educational institution in Georgia.

284
INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT.
This department includes: 1. The Business Course. 2. The Course in Sewing and Dressmaking. 3. The COllrl:le in Millinery. 4. The Course in Industrial Art. 5. The Course in Domestic Science. The Business Course embraces the thorough practical teaching of stenography, typewriting, bookkeeping, business forms and customs. 'J'he Course in Sewing and Dressmaking includes instruction in plain or domestic sewing, cutting and fitting, finished dressmaking, and a normal course in dressmaking. 'l1he Course in :Millinery teaches the art of covering and trimming hats of all kinds for girls and women. The Industrial Art Course includes free-hand drawing, color-study, design, modeling in clay, instrumental drawing, basketry, etc.
DEPARTMENT OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE.
Character OIivd! Aims of the Work.
That group o~ subjects which bears upon the life and administration of the house is coming into great . prominence in educational work, and is known variously as household science, household economics, science of the home and domestic science. As the last named is the one generally used in schools which teach these subjects, it is adopted here for the sake of convenience. The llame is not as formidable as it sounds, and the work itself is simply an attempt to organize and formulate the best and fullest knowledge that can be obtained,

285
both from investigation and experience, concerning the wise and economic administration of the home. It includes some knowledge of Chemistry and Physics as applied to the operations of the household, of Physiology and Hygiene with special reference to the food question, household economics, home sanitation, sewing and some instruction in home nU1:'sing and emergencies. It aims to put this systematized knowledge of easier, better and more healthful conditions of living within the reach of many women who must be home-makers, instead of leaving it as heretofore in the hands of the few who are especially empowered for this work by reason of unusual aptitute or favorable opportunities. It does not claim to take entirely the place of experience, but it does make the gaining of that experience a much easier and happier process for all concerned. In teaching the principles underlying healthful cooking and sanitary living, domestic science is lifting home-making out of the realm of drudgery, and making it intelligent, attractive and effective. /
DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC.
The Georgia Normal and Industrial College offers splendid advantages in this department of female accomplishments. Only able teachers, those well versed in the best conservatory methods, are employed, and the course of instruction and training is thorough and complete. The wants and capacities of different pupils are carefully considered, and exercises for technique and pieces for resthetic cultuure selected accordingly. Numerous opportunities are given for these auxiliaries, almost as essential as good instruction, namely, hearing good music, playing before audiences.

286
The music-rooms are of convenient size, well arr.anged, and are furnished with good instruments.
TERMS OF ADMISSION.
To be eligible to admission to the college a girl must be at least fifteen years old. She must be of good moral character and in sound physical health.
Persons desiring to enter the college should write to the President at Milledgeville for a form of applicdtion. This paper must be carefully filled out and signed
will by the applicant and mailed back to the President.
Unless some reason appears to the contrary, he in due time send to the applicant a certificate of admission to the college and assignment to a place in the dormitory. Applicants are examined for class admission after they reach Milledgeville.
UNIFORM DRESS.
Pupils are required to wear a uniform dress on all occasions while in attendance on the college. The several suits devised for this purpose, while very inexpensive, are exceedingly pretty and becoming.
.Full instructions in regard to the several suits, with illustrative cuts, are given in the pamphlet issued by the College.
COLLEGE CATALOGUE.
For catalogues containing full partiGulars concerning the College, address M. M. Parks, President, Milledgeville, Ga.
Respectfully yours,
M. M. PARKS, President.

287
REPORT OF THE UNIVERSITY SUMMER SCHOOL.
T. J. Woofter, Superintendent.
The University Summer School for 1908 opened June 29 and closed July 31. The enrollment was 355. These students were mostly teachers from nearly every part of the State, but mostly from Middle and South Georgia. Many counties in North Georgia have summer terms of public schools thus depriving teachers of the benefits of the Summer School. The teachers enrolled were mostly interested in the common school subjects. However, the number taking advanced courses and on newer lines of school work is steadily increasing each year.
EXPENSES.
After some delay the railroads granted a rate of about 31/2 cents per mile one way for the round trip. The registration, fee was. $3, board and lodging in the dormitories $18 for the five weeks, books and material from $3 to $5, and a few dollars for laundry and incidentals, bringing the total necessary expenses while in Athens within $25 to $30.
SCOPE AND PURPOSE.
The following will outline the field of endeavor of the Summer School, showing wherein it is a most necessary and useful factor of school improvement:
This School is an agency doing a special work in the preparation of teachers. Its special function is the betterment of teachers already in the field. It accom-

288
plishes this through: (1) keeping teachers in touch with modern progress in educational theory and practice; (2) reaching many not professionally prepared, and giving these a fundamental preparation with an introduction to modern ideals and practices.
Most of our public school teachers fall short of accepted standards of preparation in scholarship, in understanding the mind and body of the child, in knowledge of school organization, and in comprehension of ideals of what the school may be and do. Their salaries are not even living wages, hence few can afford to take several years in advance to prepare for so poor a profession, neither can others spare enough of their small pittance to take extended courses later. It is then a great problem how to make these teachers professionally efficient. The Summer School has worked out a most economic plan in doing this.
Again, education must keep pace with modern progress. The old order changeth; material and social progress is marked in many lines; the world's knowledge is widening. Education must prepare for this new life; it must not become antiquated. There must be progression in what the school teaches and how it teaches. The Summer School is the necessary agency to give opportunity to teachers, during vacation, to keep in touch with educational progress.
Among the newer elements, agriculture is of great importance to Georgia. Through nature study, school and home gardening, and elementary principles of agriculture in the public schools, rural children should be better prepared to enjoy rural life, to value it, and to prosper in it. The College of Agriculture is getting in better and better condition to serve the State. It has

289
broadened its acres, increased its faculty, and entered a magnificent educational building. It is to be the fountain head of rural education, and it contributes to the Summer School. The State Normal Schools at Athens find Milledgeville also enter vitally into the work of the School, and Emory, Mercer, Agnes Scott, and other institutions contribute, so that the work is broadly representative of the best. Leading educational thinkers from the country at large are brought in to give us still a broader and more inspiring view.
NOT MERELY AN INSTITUTE NOR N ARROWI.Y
A CHAUTAUQUA.
The teachers' Institute can be of great service, but for the full professional preparation of teachers and instruction in new ideals, it is but a temporary and superficial expedient. It should take its place as a necessary teachers' meeting, not a professional school.
Then the mere chautauqua summer school to give a good time through entertaining general lectures has been of service, but is too fleeting, temporary, and even vain in its results. Some such schools have done actual harm in demoralizing teachers for substantial work and progress. The day for such a chautauqua summer school has passed.. Teachers should be discouraged from relying upon such. Substantial, steady, continual progress should be sought instead.
ORGANIZATION OF COURSES.
It is the plan of the Summer School to cover well the fields of (1) common school subjects, (2) high school subjects, (3) elementary pedagogy, and (4) to go as far into college subjects and advanced pedagogy as demands justify.
lO-de

1
I
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The schedule is so arranged as to allow the election of courses in anyone of these groups or in a combination of groups.
Special attention is called to the opportunities offered by this Summer School in agriculture, nature study, domestic science, drawing, handicrafts, etc.
PLAN OF COURSE OF STUDY.
The following scheme offers several arrangements of subjects for a systematic course leading to a diploma. Courses are to be taken in the Summer School for from two to four sessions ~nd these supplemented by intervening home work. This is for the benefit of teachers now in the field who can not take advantage of the . regular course in one of our normal schools or the University, but who wish the opportunity to extend their professional preparation.
The courses are ari'anged in these groups : I. Education. II. Agriculture. III. English. IV. Geography. V. History. VI. Languages. VII. Manual Training, etc. VIII. Mathematics. IX. Natural Sciences. X. Philosophy and Social Science.
REQUIREMENTS FOR TEACHER'S DIPLOMA.
Arrangement No. i.-General.
From the following courses twenty must be completed, at least four of these from Education Group, one from Agriculture, three from English, two from Geography, two from History, three from Mathematics, two from Natural Science, and three others from where most needed.
The four courses from Education should be distrib" uted as follows: One from psychology or child study,

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one from history or principles of education, one from method, and one from school government or super-
VISIon.
No. 2.~For Primary Teachers.
Drawing, music, physical culture, handicrafts, nature study, literature, physiology, botany, zoology, ancient history, English history, child study, practical pedagogy, primary method, school government, and four additional courses, twenty in all.
No. 3.-For Elementary or Grammar School Teachers.
Drawing, music, domestic science, physical culture, agriculture, literature, rhetoric, two from natural science, two from algebra or geometry, physical or commercial geography, English history, psychology,history education, school" government, grammar school method, and three additional courses, twenty in all.
No.4.-For Graduates of Accredited High Schools or Colleges.
Psychology or child study; one from primary method, grammar school method, high school pedagogy, practical pedagogy, school management or school supervision; history of education; two courses not previously covered in high school or college; four more. such advanced courses or courses from Manual Training and Agriculture Groups and common school reviews; ten courses in all.
This last arrangement may be adapted to primary, elementary, or high school preparation. Preferably two of the courses should be in a foreign language.

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Those desiring credit for any course must take an examination covering the work done in that course during the session of the Summer School and also work - assigned for home study in connection with that course. Those not desiring credits towards a diploma or college entrance requirements need not take examinatiolls.
DIPLOMA.
A Teacher's Diploma with the title, Graduate of the University Summer School, will be conferred by the University upon anyone completing twenty acceptable courses under No. 1, No.2, or No.3, or ten acceptable -courses under No.4, provided those under No. 4 qualify to enter' that arrangement.
OFFICERS AND FACULTY.
The subjects assigned to the different members of the faculty in the following list will give a partial idea of the scope of the work for the session of 1908.
OFFICERS.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The Chancellor, D. C. BARROW, President.
J. M. POUND, State School Commissioner.
C. M. SNELLING, Dean Franklin College; A. M. SOULE, President State College. E. C. BRANSON, President State Normal School. T. J. WOOFTER, Professor of Education, Secretary.
SUPERINTENDENT.
TROS. J. WOOFTER, A. M., Ph. D.
Professor Philosophy and Education, University of Ga.

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REGISTRAU. A. L. HULL, A. M.,

Registrar and Treasurer of the University.

FACULTY.

W. H. BOCOCK, A. M

Greek, Pedagogy

Professor of Greek, University of Georgia.

G. G. BOND, A. M

Geography

Superintendent of City Schools, Athens, Ga.

P. F. BROWN, A. M__ Gram. Sch. Method, Lit. in Grades Teacher of English, Savaimah High School.

JOHN P. CAMPBEI.L, A. B., Ph. D

~

_

Physiology, Botany, Zoology

Professor of Biology, University of Georgia.

MARY CRESWELL, (State Normal) Primary Methods Teacher in Practice School, State Normal.

U. H. DAVENPORT, B. S

Physics

Adjunct Professor of Physics, University of Ga.

'TV. T. DUMAS, A. M__ School Supervision, School Mgmt.
Superintendent City Schools, Marietta, Ga.

J". R. FAIN, B. S

Agriculture

Professor of Agronomy, University of Georgia.

. T. E. HOLLINGSWORTH, A. B __Arithmetic, Trigonometry . Professor of Mathematics, State Normal.

W. D. HOOPER, A. M

~

Latin

Professor of Latin, University of Georgia.

W. H. KILPATRICK, A. M

Psychology, Education

Columbia University, New York.

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JOSEPH LUSTRAT, Bach. es LetL

French

Professor Romance Languages, University of Ga.

C. B. MATHEWS, A. M ~

History, Civics

Superintendent City Schools, Griffin, Ga.

ARABELLA S. MAZYCK

Drawing, Manual Training

Supervisor Manual Training, Hancock Co. Schools.

R. E. PARK, JR., A. M

Literary Criticism

Professor of English Literature, University of Ga.

C. S. PARRISH, A; B

Child Study, Pedagogy

Teacher of Pedagogy, Director Practice School, State

M. T. PEED, A. M

Normal.

Geometry

Professor of Mathematics, Emory College,.

R. H. POWELL, JR., A. M

Rhetoric, Literature

Normal and Industrial College, Milledgeville.

S. V. SANFORD, A. B

Literature

Professor of English Literature, University of Ga.

EULER B. SMITH, A. M

English Grammar

Head Department of English, State Normal.

C. S. STANAGE, A. B

-:-

Music

Teacher of Music, State Normal and Athens City Schls.

CARL W. STEED, A. B

U. S. History

Professor of History and Economics, Mercer Univ.

J. S. STEWART, A. M

._

High School Organization, Geography Professor Secondary Education, University of Ga.

ISABELLE S. THURSBY, (Teacher College), Dom. Science Dublin City Schools.

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FRAULEIN HILDEGARD VON SEYDTLITZ

German

Teacher of German, Lucy Cobb Institute.

H. C. WHITE, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.C.S__Chemistry, Pedagogy Professor of Chemistry, University of Georgia.

ANNA 1. yOUNG

Algebra

Professor of Mathematics, Agnes Scott College.

SARAH FRIERSON

Librarian

LECTURERS.
First Week,-President A. M. SOULE, Agricultural Education.
Second Week.-Dr. S. C. SCHMUCKER, Nature Study.
Third Week.-DR. LINCOLN HULLEY, Literature and Civics.
Fourth Week.-MR. T. W. REED, Southern History;
MRS. vV. B. HILL, School Improvement.
Fifth Week.-SIDNEY LANDON, Entertainer; CHANCELLOR BARROW and others.

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THE NORTH GEORGIA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

DAHLONEGA, GA., April 7, 1909.

HON. JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner, Atlanta, Ga.

DEAR SIR :-1 have, the honor to make the following report of The North Georgia Agricultural College. The following i"s the liJUmmary of statistical information re quired by the Calvin law.

Total enrollment to date States represented
Counties of Georgia represented Farmers' children Merchants' children Lawyers' children Doctors' children Teachers' children Other avocations
Those living in the country Those living in towns Those living in cities
Total number of male students Total number of female students

~ 224 7
57 88 ~ 43 9 19 8 57
81 -_109
34
188 36

The work of the Institution for the year has been, in the main, very satisfactory. Very gratifying progress has been made in all departments. There is every reason to believe that the Institution is growing in popular favor, and that it is entering upon a career of great~r usefulness than ever before in its history.

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The College owns about forty acres of land subdivided into a farm, drill field, athletic field,and the College campus. On the campus are located the main building, the Bostwick Science Hall, two dormitories, and the building for the Mining Department. Three of these are of brick and stone, the other two are constructed of wood. The two dormitories are comfortably furnished, and the larger building is heated by steam. We hope at an early date to have all of our buildings heated by steam.
The degree courses here are A. B., B. 8., B.Ph., B. B. S., and E. M. The work done in all of these courses is as thorough as in any other State Institution. The faculty hopes to bring the Institution within the next year or two up to the standard fixed by the C~rnegie Foundation.
The discipline of the College is military~ All of our male students, unless excused by the College Surgeon, are required to take the military training. For the average young" man, the value of this training is inestimable. Many of the graduates of this Institution testify that they owe their success in life largely to the training in promptness and strict attention to duty, which they acquired in the Military Department here. The War Department at Washington has rated the North Georgia Agricultural College as one of the four best Military Schools in the South.
During the last year, the Institution lost the head of its Board of Trustees. Col. W. P. Price has been the President of the Board continuously from 1872 until November 1908. He was one of the most useful men in this section of the State. He gave liherally of
his time and mean. to the cause of education in North

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Georgia. The College here was the cherished child of his affection. I quote here a paragraph or two of his last report to the Governor. "Chancellor Barrow, who inspected our new dormitory pronounced it as com~ fortable and as well appointed as any home for students that he has seen in any of the State institutions. This new building allows us to house all of our students on our own grounds on the campus, where they are at all times under the immediate supervision of the ofiicers of the faculty. This accounts in a large measure for the well known good order and excellent deportment of our student body. The health of our students is always good. We rarely ever have here a case of serious sickness.
All of our college buildings are located on elevated ground and the natural drainage of the locality, together with the constant watchfulness of the officers in charge of the college, safeguards the institution against any local cause of disease. It is a matter of congratulation to all of us connected with this institution that the boys who come here from all. parts.of the State usually make a gain in weighLof from twenty to thirty pounds.
~have been president of the Board of Trust~es of this institution for thirty-six consecutive years and I have taken great pride in watchillg its steady grQwth and development as the years have passed ill rapid succession. I do not believe that any institution. connected with the University system has given the Stat~ larger and better returns for the amount of money expended here. Very many of our graduates are filling useful positioI!B in this State and oth~er States in the :Union andtlle repo,rt (hat comeS tg ll,~. from tiW~:to

299
time shows that we train our boys well here for filling useful places in society. The institution has had no daily paper to exploit its achievements before the people of the State. It has had no strong coterie of influential men to make its appeals to the Legislature for support; it has been compelled to do its work quietly and unostentatiously and trust to its own merits for legislative support. Until recent years we did not have money sufficient to pay our professors decent salaries and the wonder is that we have maintained so good a faculty on so small a maintenance fund. The last two Legislatures, however, have been more generous in making appropriations and the last two years we have been enabled to pay our men fairly good salaries.
The committee of the Legislature that visited the institution during the last session, were very generous in their comments of approval of the work done here. I can your excellency's attention to the report of this committee to the General Assembly.
With personal regards, I am
Yours very sincerely,
G. R. GLENN, President.

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THE GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE OF. AGRICULTURE.
The Georgia State College of Agriculture has had a prosperous year. The completion of the building and the purchase and installation of the needed equipment were greatly delayed owing to the fact that the appropriations available for the year's work were not known until the Legislature adjourned. This made it impossible to occupy the new building before January first. The funds available were insufficient to permit of the equipment of more than half of the offices and laboratories, but it is hoped that the coming Legislature will be suffiGiently liberal with the College to permit of its complete equipment. There is also urgent need for the appointment of several additional professors, as instruction is now of necessity being withheld in various subjects of primary importance to students in an agricultural college. Among these may be mentioned agricultural chemistry, veterinary medicine, bacteriology and entomology. These additions to the staff would greatly strengthen the teaching force, and would relieve to some extent the severe strain under which our teachers now labor. In spite of the depressed price of cotton and other militating agelicies, the attendance on the College has been very satisfactory and the growth in numbers quite as rapid as could be reasonably expected. The number of students in attendance in the various regular and special courses is as follows: Four-years' course, 27; one-year course, 23; elective, 9; school of forestry, 42; cotton school, 33; road school, 52; farmers' conference, 100; making the total enrollment 286, and as these students come from practically every section

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of the State, the sphere of usefulness of the College is being materially widened by their return to their home communities, carrying, as we believe they do, some new ideas which may be put into practice with immensely beneficial results.
The occupation of the new agricultural hall marked an era in the progress of agricultural education in Georgia. The building was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on January H~th, Governor Hoke Smith, Chancellor Barrow, Hon. Murphy Candler and ExGovernor McDaniel being among those who spoke on this occasion. It occupies a commanding position on Compton Hill which constitutes part of the greater campus and is about a half mile distant from the present center of the University. The building is 264 feet long by 72 feet wide and three stories in height, beautifully proportioned, and architecturally a very pleasing and imposing structure. It contains approximately 60,000 square feet of floor space and is designed especially for instruction in agriculture and the- prosecution of research work, the two ends to which it was dedicated. It contains sixty large rooms and provision has been made for administrativ~ offices, class rooms, and the laboratories for the departments of agronomy, animal husbandry, dairy husbandry, cotton industry, horticulture, farm mechanics, veterinary medicine,
bacteriology, entomology and agricultural chemistry. A large room has been set aside for an agricultural library. Special sets of reference books for the use of the students have been purchased, and works of general
interest on agriculture and kindred subjects are being added as rapidly as finances will permit. Already there are between 1,500 and 2,000 books and pamphlets avail-

302
able. The leading agricultural papers and best scien~ tific journals are received as exchanges, thus enabling the student to keep in touch with the progress of agricultural thought and investigation in all parts of the world.
The success of a course of instruction in agriculture will depend largely on the thoroughness and efficiency of the training provided for in the various laboratories. Appreciating this fact much care has been taken to equip the laboratories with the latest and best scientific apparatus. Two laboratories are devoted to the work in agronomy, one being equipped for the study of soils, and the other for seed testing, cereal judging, and a study of grasses and forage crops. About 7,000 feet of floor space have been set aside for theoretical and practical instruction in dairying. These laboratories are . only partially equipped at the present time, but it is intended that thorough instruction shall be provided for in butter making, milk testing, cheese making, and the production and handling of milk and other dairy products.
Several breeds of live stock are m.aintained on the College farm. There are small working herds of Holstein and Jersey cattle, and Berkshire and Tamworth hogs. A beginning has been made in horse breeding, and the work stock afford the students much useful instruction with reference to the judging, feeding and general management of horses and mules.
The horticultural department has three laboratories, two being devoted to student instruction and one to the prosecution of investigations. One of the student laboratories is located in the agricultural hall, and the

303
other is a special spray laboratory now in process of erection on the horticultural grounds.
The department of cotton industry has two laboratories in which provision has been made for the scientific study of fibers and their improvement, and for the practical training of students in all phases of cotton production.
The farm mechanics laboratory occupies the east end of the basement of the College building and is equipped with work benches, lathes and forges, as well as a large amount of farm machinery. This enables the students to receive practical training in the construction and repair of tools and implements, and in the erection of buildings, fences and other farm conveniences.
A decided improvement has been effected in theappearance of the College farm during the past year. The land had been rented previously to coming into the possession of the institution, and as a result was badly eroded in many places and in poor physical condition. It will take some time, therefore, to put it in the best of condition, but rotations are being established, and winter and summer legumes grown for the purpose of add- / ing nitrogen and humus to the soil. The herd of dairy cows is earning a satisfactory increment and proving a profitable feature of the farm work. As soon as the land can be brought under a systematic rotation every phase of the farm work will be put on a paying basis and will afford valuable object lessons to the students and visitors alike.
During the year a dairy. barn has been completed, providing stalls for thirty cows and seven mules. A 130-ton silo has also been constructed. Much fencing has been done, and the necessary paddocks for young stock,

304
a machine shed, a number of individual hog houses and a calf barn erected. On the horticultural grounds there ib under construction one main barn for the housing of work stock and foodstuffs; an implement shed; and a fertilizer mixing and spray house. Additional barns are needed and these will be erected as soon as finances will permit.
During the year the work of the College has been materially extended. The department of cotton industry was established, and so far as we are aware, the State College of Agriculture is the first institution to employ a man to give his attention specifically to all . phases of cotton growing. Mention has already been m.ade of the laboratories provided f~r this department, and in addition a part of the demonstration field has been set aside for the conduct of experiments in cotton breeding, both by selection and hybridization, which will give the students an opportunity to see the results of many experiments, some of which they will conduct themselves. The horticultural department has planted out a variety orchard of about eight acres, and its facilities for instruction have been greatly increased in other ways. The horticulturist has charge of the College grounds and has made a good beginning in grading and improving the same.
A department of farm mechanics was established last September and the professor in charge of this department supervised the installation of the heating and power plant and plumbing equipment of the building. As a result of this several thousand dollars were saved to the State over and above the lowest bid received for this 'work. The work of this department is commend-
ing itself to the student body and is destined to be of

305
increasing importance because of the necessity of substituting more and more machinery for hand labor.
During the year the school of forestry was transferred to the College of Agriculture and made a department thereof. The College forests cover about 150 acres which are now being reforested according to approved scientific methods, thus affording the students facilities for special instruction in this important subject.
The remarkably low cost for which a man may take a full collegiate year in the College is worthy of note. A young man who rooms in the dormitories can live at the University almost as cheaply as at home. The living expenses for a full College year of nine months are approximately $150.00. The cost to short course students varies from $15.00 to $25.00, due chiefly to the difference in railroad fare. The terms of admission to the regular four years' course in the State College of Agriculture are similar to those required of any students entering the University. A full outline of the entrance requirements will be sent to any person without cost. The college also offers a one-year course, a three-months course, a short course, and a conference for f~rmers, as outlined in this report.
The four years' course of instruction has been modified to some extent in response to the experience of the year and is now believed to be better adapted to the needs of young men desiring a course of liberal instruction in which special emphasis is laid on agriculture and correlated subjects. The one-year course has also been modified to some extent and is now believed to provide even a better course of instruction for those who desire in a comparatively short time to equip themselves more

306
thoroughly for the handling and management of a farm along modern lines. These courses are fully described in the catalogue, and it would be inexpedient to attempt to elaborate them further at this time.
The second session of the Cotton School was held from January 4th to 15th and was well patronized. The ages of those attending ranged from 18 to 60 years, so it will be seen that they were a representative body of men. This course is not designed for irresponsible boys, but for those actually engaged in farming. The success of the course in 1908 and 1909 means that it will be continued as a permanent feature of the work of the State College of Agriculture. The session for 1910 will open on January 3d and continue for ten days. A special circular of information will be published and distributed with reference to this course in ample time to provide all who may desire to take it with the needed information.
Among the new features of work undertaken by the College in 1908-09 was the organization of a Farmers' Conference, which was in the nature of a school for adult farmers and their wives, and it is believed that ultimately representative citizens from every section of the State will attend these meetings, and thus carry back each year new and useful information to the people of their respective communities. Since education measures the success and progress of a nation, and since we have neglected agricultural education in America to a remarkable degree, the importance of inaugurating a permanent conference for farmers in which subjects of ,general interest may be discussed becomes apparent to all. The conference was a success and will be continued another year. It was organized on the

307
basis of round table talks, one-half day each being dev'oted to the discussion of such subjects as fertilizers, crop rotations, selection and improvement of corn and cotton, live s.tock husbandry, horticulture, fores. try, education and women's work on the farm. More than fifty speakers delivered addresses and over one hundred farmers attended this meeting, not to speak of the large number of ladies who were present at the special sessions arranged for farmers' wives. It is expected now that the meeting for 1910 will be held from January 18 to 21, as there is more leisure on the farm at this time than at any other season. Every farmer should take a holiday and accord the same privilege to his wife.
The passage of the Convict Road Law made it imperative that a school be held for the purpose of offering instruction in road building to those who have charge of this work in the several counties. The State College of Agriculture, desiring to serve the people, organized such a school which was held from January 25 to 30. It was attended by fifty-two representatives from about thirty-five counties in the State. Every phase of road building and construction, including the handling of convicts, the equipment needed for road work, and the operation of road machinery was considered during the progress of the school. Practical demonstrations were made by taking those attending the school to inspect the convict camps and the various types of roads constructed in Clarke county. The importance of the Road School can not be emphasized too strongly in view of the large expenditure of money which is likely to be made by the several counties of the State for the improvement of roads. This money can ' be made of permanent value, or it call practically be

308
thrown away, and it was the purpose of the State College of Agriculture through its Road School to provide much information of vital character to those interested.
It is the purpose of the College of Agriculture to aid all educational activities of every kind which are being carried forward in the State. Speakers will therefore be sent to address all kinds of farmers' gatherings and discuss subjects of special interest to a given community. The officer~ of the College are working in association with the County School Commissioners, and lec-
turers are being sent to teachers" institutes for the purpose of discussing ways and means by which instruction in agriculture, provided for in the public school curriculum, may be rendered more efficient. There is no service which can be rendered the people of the State at this time of more importance than that of fostering the teaching of the underlying principles of agriculture in the public schools. More than forty meetings have already been attended or arranged for and requests are still coming in from the commissioners, showing not only their appreciation of this service, but the interest the teachers have in this subject as well. The College is also fostering correspondence with farmers. Thousands of letters are annually answered free of cost giving definite information relative to fertilizers, soil cultivation, feeding' and management of live stock, orchards and gardens, etc. Every farmer in the State is invited to take advantage of these free correspondence courses now so extensively conducted by the College, for in this way a two-cent stamp will bring him information which may be worth a great deal of money to him. It is . - also planned to organize some itinerant schools during the year in association with the institute work. Any

309
community desiring a school of this character should communicate with us at the earliest convenient date.
Lack of funds prevented the College from operating an Educational Train during 1909. If the co-operation of the railroads can be secured in 1910 and funds are available, it is probable that a train will be sent out. Much disappointment has been expressed at the failure of the College to operate a train this year, but for the reason already assigned it was impossible to undertake the work. It is believed that in 1910 the material carried on the exhibit cars can be made much more efficient, as it can largely be prepared by students or from crops grown on the College farm.
During the year twenty-four farmers' institutes were held under the specific direction of the College. Institutes were offered to six senatorial districts, which for various reasons could not arrange for a meeting. From one to three speakers were sent to sixteen other points where either farmers' institutes or educational rallies were held. Fully 10,000 people attended the regular institute meetings. A list of the places visited follows: Rabun Gap, Cornelia, Cordele, Greensboro, Waycross, Washington, Boston, Americus, Adairsville, Rome, Talbotton, Perry, Arlington, Lawrenceville, Lexington, Pelham, Newnan, McRae, Hazlehurst, Lyons, Barnesville, Dublin, Statesboro, Guyton, Calhoun, Gainesville, Commerce, Carrollton, Atlanta, Decatur, Social Circle, Augusta, Milledgeville, Macon, Cuthbert, Dawson, Fort Gaines, Sylvester, Tifton and Brunswick. It will be seen that the State was practically covered during the year, and all senatorial districts would have been reached but for the fact that there is no organiza-

310
tion in a number of them, and it will take a little time to work one up.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the cordial co-operation and support extended to the institute work by the press of the State and by leading citizens in every sec:' tion visited by representatives of the Colleg~. The list of meetings as enumerated above does not include a large number of points visited by the College professors to address, for instance, meetings of the Farmers' Union and other organizatIons of agricultural workers. Lecturers will gladly be sent to meetings of any organ~ ization which has the welfare of the farmer at heart as the College is endeavoring to disseminate information which will enable the farmer to conduct his operations more successfully. Those desiring an institute for 1909 should correspond with the College at an early date, so arrangements can be made for the meetings some time in advance.
It will be seen from this brief review that the work of the College has been directed along a number of lin~s as assiduously and as vigorously as the number of workers available and the funds appropriated by the State would permit. It would appear that substantial prog:ress has been made in all directions. A larger number of students enjoy the benefits of the instruction offered by the College th~n ever before, and the prospects for the future are encouraging. More than $30,000 have been expended in the completion and equiprnent of the building during the year and some of our laboratories are equal to those found anywhere. This work has been done with the greatest economy and those who have examined the building state-that it could not be reproduced again for anything like the money it actually

311
cost. It is gratifying to see the changed attitude of the students in the College and those who come in contact with its work since the occupation of the building, which stands as a monument to agriculture, symbolizing its greatness and inspiring all who come in touch with the influence which emanates from it. The workers in the College have shown themselves men of the utmost devotion and have borne an ever-increasing number of demands on their time and energy without complaint. The Board has expended the funds entrusted to it with discretion and splendid judgment as the results attained bear witness.
What the College now needs is a larger measure of financial support from the State. It is imperative that the funds for extension work be greatly increased, S0 that the active work of disseminating information among the farmers in every section of the Commonwealth may be prosecuted more vigorously than ever. It is imperative that research work be conducted more extensively in the future than in the past, so that some of the problems confronting the farmer may be successfully solved. It is believed that the facts set forth above show that the work of the College is commending itself to the farmers of the State. It will take tIme to make the institution as efficient as it should be and to develop its work on a permanent basis. The College needs the support and sympathy of everyone interested in the promotion of the chief industry of the State, and those who may feel that its progress has not been as rapid as it should be should bear in mind that it commenced operations less than two years ago without funds for maintenance, no suitable building, laboratories or equipment. What has been achieved in the face of the many

312
difficulties and obstacles to be overcome in the space that has elapsed since the inception of the work justifies the wisdom of its establishment and furnishes ample evidence of the promise of future usefulness which it holds in store for the people of the State.
A. M. SOULE, President.

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THE AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOLS.
THE THIRD DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL SCHOOL AT AMERICUS.
BUILDINGS.
There has been fully completed, an academic building, a boy's dormitory, a dining hall and a blacksmith shop. The buildings on the farm at the time it was purchased for school purposes, are: A four-room dwelling house, meat house, cribs, cotton house, tenant houses, stables and barn for stock, and a large dairy barn. Every building is being utilized for the purposes of the school and the farm.
. . CAMPUS OF THE SCHOOL
The plans have been developed after the plans of a. landscape gardener. Drives and walks have been built and sodded with grasses. About one hundred trees, representing practically every tree that grows in the State, have been set and are growing. In the flower yards have been set and are growing, bushes and shrubs representing ~very known variety that grows in our climate.. Every tree and plant has been labeled. This department is being supervised by a competent director. A pretty ball park has been laid off and has been graded.

314
SCHOOL FARM IN DETAIL.
The farm contains about 275 acres. About 100 acres, sodded fairly well in bermuda, is fenced with wire, and is at present rented to the city creamery for pasturage. About 10 acres of the best bermuda sad in the State, is being used by the school for pasturage.We can not fully develop and operate the entire farm till more funds are available from some source.
Twenty-seven acres, laid off in twenty plats, have been planted in oats, wheat, clover, alfalfa, etc. Careful notes are being kept of every plant, as to preparation of soil, quantity of seed, fertilizers, etc., for experimental purposes. About seventy acres will be planted in other field crops, and a careful record will be kept of every acre planted. Hay will be grown after winter grain.
Pupils do all the work on and about the farm. The work is as much of a system as the class room work. Na pupil refuses to discharge the duties required of him.
Thorough preparation, experiments- with fertilizers, rapid and careful cultivation, the harvesting of more than one crop from the same land are at present the main object of our efforts.
DAIRY AND POULTRY YARDS.
Every dollar used in equipping these departments has been secured from sources independent of the school.
The school has five cows, and is prepared to care for a much larger herd. The department is superintended and directed by a young man of experience, and who is well qualified for ,the duties of the department. Cate~

315
ful tests of feeding and milk products are made with every cow, every day in the year. While the dairy is operated wholly for the benefit of the dormitory, a re- port of the cost of feed and milk products is made at the end of each month.
The January report shows the least net profit of one cow to have been $4.77, and the greatest net profit to have been $20.47. Other cows are being bought, and at the end of the spring term, whil~ the students are at their homes, as an experiment, the whole product will be turned into the city creamery, and the skimmed milk fed to pigs.
The poultry yards and runs have been well established. The department is managed by a young man fully competent for the duties of the position. In both the dairy and the poultry department the young men managing have had experience and are now pursuing a cou;rse of training to prepare them specially, for their respective positions.
DINING HALL AND CLASS RoOMS.
Water and electric lights have been installed in three buildings and sewerage in the two main buildings. Stoves are used for heating purposes and coal is used as fuel. The dining hall and the dormitory have been furnished with equipment necessary to meet the demands of the present.
The equipment of the class rooms meets present demand~. The value of the library is about $150, while the physical and chemical laboratories are worth about $600. The value of all the buildings on the school grounds is approximately $50,000.

316

SMITH AND WOOD SHOPS.



The shops are the best equipped departments con-

nected with the school. While this is true, additional

room is needed, and the equipment should be doubled,

that larger sections may work and be instructed. All

kind of work in wood and iron is being done in the

shops. In the practice work of the students, the follow-

ing are some of the articles that have been made and

are now on exhibition: Book-cases, cold chisels, har-

dies, fullers, flatters, set-hammers, smith's hand ham-

mers, smith's tongs, drill bits, carving sets, butcher

knives, sticking and skinning knives, fire sets-shovel

and tongs,-drawing knives and almost every minor

thing used about the home and farm.

MILITARY ORGANIZATION.

During October 1908, a military company was organized among the students. From the day of organization this feature of the work, being done at the school, has been exceedingly popular. New recruits are being continually added to the company. The company has been organized with a full corps of officers, has been fully supplied with uniforms, has a full equipment of guns and the other accoutrements of a cadet.
The cadets have been trained by the professor in charge of the department of mathematics, who himself was trained in a military school.
The school is under military discipline-AND IT

WORKS.

STUDENT BODY.

One hundred and seventy-two pupils have been enrolled, representing twenty counties and three States. Of this number one hundred and fifty-five are boys and

317

seventeen girls. Ninety-five per cent. of those now at-

tending the school are the kind of pupils that come to

stay.

COU~SE OF STUDY, EXPENSES, ETC.

A regular high school course is being given. Five

regular classes, including preparatory, have been organ-

ized. In addition to this course, a theoretical and prac-

tical course is given in agriculture and the allied

sciences. This includes work in the physical and chem-

ical laboratories and microscopic tests.

Pupils are being given good board at the school at

$5.50 per month. The dairy furnishes all the milk and

practically all the butter used. The school raises all

the vegetables, and greater part of the pork used at the

school. The average cost per month for board and

laundering is about $6.50 per month.

THE SITUATION AND THE FUTURE. The school is out of debt. Americus and Sumter County have paid to the school every dollar promised. The lands, buildings and equipment represent an unencumbered valuation, belonging to the State, of about $75,000, which has not cost the State one dollar. The school has not yet taken a single backward step, notwithstanding the meager provision for maintenance made by the State. Till now the overcoming of difficulties has been the work of individuals. We would not ask for one dollar other than for what is actually needed for maintenance. We respectfully ask that the State appropriate $10,000 for maintenance for the next ensuing year. With this appropriation the school can meet the demands made by the people. If after one year it is found that the school does not deserve the appropriation it would be in order to decrease it.
W. G. ACREE, Principal.

318
FIFTH DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL SCHOOL, MONROE, GA.
HON. JERE M. POUND, S. S. C., Atlanta, Ga. My DEAR SIR: I have the honor to present to you
the second annual report of the Fifth District A. and M. School, located three and a half miles north of Monroe on the Gainesville Midland Railroad.
ATTENDANCE.
We opened school on September 16th in debt, without any funds and with gloomy financial prospects. We have enrolled 92 students, 25 girls and 67 boys. The girls range from 13 to 30 years of age and the boys from 14 to 23. Boarding students 69 and day students 23.
OCCUPATION OF PARENT OR GUARDIAN.
Farmers, 71; teachers, 4; merchants, 3; mail carriers, 3; carpenters, 2; real estate agents, 2; clerk, 1; warehouseman, 1; policeman, 1; editor, 1; minister, 1; carder, 1; insurance agent, 1.
All the cou,nties in the district are represented except Clayton. The attendance covers more equally the whole district than was true last term.
COST OF ATTENDANCE.
The average cost of attendance for the present term is about $7 per month, all told, for lights, fuel, bed, water, laundry, etc. The low cost of attending the school opens the way for many boys and girls of slender resources to come to us that would otherwise never attend a boarding school.

319
MEAGER EQUIPMENT.
We have suffered, greatly for lack of many things which were necessary to enable us to do our best. Our wagons and farm tools are exposed to the weather, our cows stay in an old hull of a house that was on the farm when the school was located. We built a small mule barn with good sheds and loft.
The boys and g i . do all the work about the school cheerfully. Indeed they like the manual work better than they do the literary work.
We are hoping for still better things to come from these schools. When the lawmakers realize, that agricultural and mechanical education is Georgia's greatest need educationally then they will come to our aid with funds to put us better on our feet. We need money.
G. C. ADAMS, Principal.

320
SIXTH DISTRICT A. & M. SCHOOL, BARNESVILLE, GA.
The Sixth District Agricultural and Mechanical School, located at Barnesville, Georgia, is most fortunate in its location. Outside of being geographically the center of the district, it enjoys the advantage of being in a community noted for it~telligence and progressiveness.
Barnesville has long enjoyed the distinction of being an educational center of a reputation more than State wide, and one that is growing by leaps and bounds every year.
The people in and around the city are progressive and liberal; as is evidenced by the fact of their unstinted support of Gordon Institute, and their marvelous liberality towards the Agricultural and Mechanical School. Under such favorable conditions, it seems impossible for the educational interests of the community to do otherwise than develop and wax stronger and stronger each year.
The Agricultural and Mechanical School buildings are located in the southeastern part of the city, on a beautiful eminence overlooking the surrounding country. The drainage and hygienic conditions are unsurpassed. The air is pure, bracing and healthful.
The report made to the State Educational department shows an enrollment the past year of sixty-five pupils, the majority of whom being boarding pupils.
The district is composed of Baldwin, Butts, Henry, Monroe, Pike, Upson, Spalding and Fayette counties. Nearly all of these have furnished pupils to the school. With the exception of a few from Barnesville, quite all

321
the pupils are from the rural sections of the district. The boys enter heartily into the work of the farm and shop, besides devoting five hours each day to academic work. They are paid ten cents per hour for all the work they do on the premises, which is deducted each month from their board. They are charged $10 per month for board. The fare is plain and, of course, not very elaborate, but good enough for anybody. As a rule everybody who comes here takes on a liberal supply of extra flesh.
We have three two-story buildings: The Academic building, the Girl's donnitory and the Boy's dormitory. The boarding capacity of the buildings is about one hundred and twenty pupils.
The farm consists of over three hundred acres of average land. Two small streams traverse the farm, affording some fine bottom lands. The remainder is rolling, but easy of cultivation. The school owns three mules, and cultivates about 73 acres-twenty-five each in grain, cotton and corn.
The boys do all the work on the farm. For the lack of more mules, some of the farm is rented.
We milk seven cows, which furnish all the milk and butter needed by the school.
The equipment of farm implements is good, embracing many improved and up-to-date machines for the planting, cultivating and harvesting of the crop. The boys are taught how to use these labor-saving machines in their daily work.
The equipment for the mechanical department is very good, embracing benches and a full set of tools of the best and most modern make. The boys are exer-
ll-de

322
cised in the shop from one and a half to two hours every day.
The Domestic Science Department is well organized and doing good, practical work. The equipment along certain lines is very satisfactory, but in the cooking department important improvements are needed. These will be added by another term. The girls are taught scientific and practical cooking; cutting, fitting and sewing; house cleaning, and home keeping; practical and hygienic kitchen and dining-room work. They have charge of the milk and butter, set and clean up the tables after meals and wash dishes. In fact, they are taught everything about the home.
The attendance is comparatively small, but gradually growing. This is no more than might be expected, with the prevailing prejudice in the ininds of so many of the farming class against scientific agricultural education. In the course of time, however, this will be overcome, and the district schools ~f the State will rise in importance to the plane they should occupy.
-M. B. DENNIS, Principal.

SEVENTH DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL.
POWDER SPRINGS, GA., March 25,1909.
HON: JERE M. POUND, S. S. C., Atlanta, Ga.
My DEAR SIR: I am glad to report to you that we have had a very satisfactory year at the Seventh District Agricultural School. There have been enrolled about eighty pupils this term which number represented ten counties. These students have entered into the work with a zeal that has convinced me that the boys of OUT district are interested in farm work and farm conditions a$ well as an education. Instead of not being able to get the boys to work the trouble her~ has been to keep them from working too much. We have boys who have become good cooks, who have lea:nied some thing of domestic science, who know something of the correct fertilizer formula for potat~es. The girls are willing to cook and do the housework. No hired labor, white or colored has been used here for any purpose. The students do all the work and are paid for the same on their expense account.
We have constructed an excellent shop and have equipped it, also have built a dining hall. In this shop wood work and iron work is carried on. General repair work for the public is done for which the boy doing the work gets a per cent. of the charge and the remainder is used to purchase a new tool with. Of course an upto-date farm outfit is denied us on account of lack of funds, but we are doing the very best we can under the circumstances and have found satisfactory results for
the labors of the boys.

324
In our school there are two literary teachers, one agriculturist, one farm assistant and blacksmith, one domestic science teacher who has some literary classes, also a matron.
In addition to giving boys and girls an idea of agriculture and domestic science, these schools owing to the amount of profitable work to be given, enables many a poor boy and girl to become educated, who would otherwise "Be born to blush unseen and waste their sweetness on the desert afr." The expense is to the State to properly start these schools and then a pupil can live at one of them at an average expense of $5.00 per month; this is being done at the Seventh District School now. Since the production of men is worth more to the State than the production of material I believe that we will have enol;l.gh money to. keep going and demonstrate the worth.
Yours very truly,
H.B. HUNT,
Principal.

325
NINTH DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL.
'CLARKESVILLE, GA., March 25, 1909.
HON. JE~E M. POUND, S. S. C., Atlanta, Ga.
My DEAR SIR: In compliance with your request I submit to you the following report: The Ninth District Agricultural S,chool opened September 2d with a fair a ttendance. During the term we have enrolled 101 students. Their attendance has for the most part been satisfactory and their work has been fairly well done. 'We are endeavoring to accomplish the purposes for which the school was established. We are doing thorough, practical literary work and giving all the technical training that time and circumstances will permit. Our students have done a considerable amount of manual labor and have learned many things that will be of value to them in the home, in the shop or on the farm. They have cleared several acres of land, put out a good variety orchard, prepared thirty-five acres for the plow and are now making a crop, built poultry yards and houses, made consid.erable improvements on the yards and grounds, made a good athletic field, cut the ditches and put in 1,800 feet of sewer, done most of the work in installing the electric light system and water-works, done all the plumbing except that done by the contractor, erected all the out buildings, made and cultivated the gardens, built and arranged the blacksmith shop, made the work benches in the woodshop, and made much of our furniture. Our work has been even more satisfactory than we anticipated. We find that more and better literary work is done where a given amount of manual

326
labor is required. It is our purpose to make a fair start in everything this year and we hope to be in shape for doing excellent work next term.
Yours very, truly, WADE H. MAXWELL, Principal.
TENTH DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL.
The school was opened for class work October 1st, 1908. Forty-six students, (eighteen girls and twentyeight boys) matriculated before March 1st. No canvassing for patronage has been done. The best of testimonials are required of applicants.
In addition to the dormitories and academic building, we have a splendid dining hall and kitchen, a laundry building and barn. The buildings are equipped with first-class furniture, in each case most admirably suited to the purpose intended.
All the work connected with the school is done by the students. The work in the garden, in the kitchen and dining hall, the cutting and hauling of wood, also the work in the laundry is paid out of fqnds received for board. All farm work is paid for out of proeeds of farm. Ten cents an hour is allowed for all work done by students. Sufficient products have' been sold to pay for all work done on the farm, and sufficient products are now on hand to make the crop this year. Not a single case of dissatisfied student on account of work assigned, but many of them desire more work than we can give them under present conditions. The credits for work reduces the cost of board to less than five dollars per month,

327
Our tables are set with the best the markets afford. The student body has made an average gain in weight monthly of two pounds. This is fast enough for physical growth. We try to keep the mental growth in as healthy condition as is done for the body.
The school is divided into two sections. One section recites for four hours in the forenoon, the other section (our hours in the afternoon. This includes both the literary and technical class work. Such an arrangement enables the boys to spend an entire half day in the fIeld when their services are needed.
Since the school opened the boys have built two and a half miles of woven wire fencing, gathered the crop of last year, built a barn, prepared the farm for this year's crop, put in the waterworks system, built terraces and have made such other improvements as were needed about the farm.
We will be prepared to accommodate one hundred students at the opening of next term. The school spirit among the students is quite satisfactory. Their progress in class work is fully up to that of schools where no time is taken for out-door work. Aside from the study of the daily operations of the farm as a whole, two acres of land are set aside for demonstration and experimental class work. A record of planting, fertilizing, cultivating, etc., is kept by every student.
The only students who have given any trouble are tho"Se who do not intend to stay on the farm when they leave school. The large per cent. of grown students who would not be in any other school is a striking proof of the need for these schools.
J. N. ROGERS, Principal.

328

GEORGIA STATE INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE ~'OR COLORED YOUTHS.

SAVANNAH, GA., March 11,1909.

HON. JERE M. POUND, State School Commissioner.

DEAR SIR: I beg t<1 report that this has been a most

prosperous year for the Georgia State Industrial Col-

lege. The enrollment in all departments is 375. Num-

ber of teachers is 14. Besides the literary course the

subjects taught are masonry, tailoring, carpentry, paint-

ing, shoemaking, blacksmithing, sewing and agriculture.

Its students are drawn from 60 odd counties and

from portions of the adjacent States of Alabama, Flor-

ida and South Carolina. Since its opening the school

has enrolled more than 3,000 students who have attended

the school at least three months. All have received in-

struction in its industrial courses and 150 have grad-

uated from its literary course and many of these are eng~ged as instructors or principals of schools in a num-

ber of the small towns and cities of Georgia.

It has just held its 11th Annual Farmers' Conference

which was the most successful in its history. The

school by means of farmers' conferences and teachers'

institutes is exerting a powerful influence in this section

and in fact all over the State on the negro population.

As a result of its farmers' conferences there have been
- organized in the State a State Fair Association which
has held two successful Colored State Fairs and also

the State Colored Anti-Tuberculosis League.

The visit of the State School Commissioner was very

helpful to the school.

Very respectfully,

R. R. WRIGHT, President.

329
THE HIGH SCHOOL.
By J. S. STEWART, Professor of Secondary Education, University of Georgia.
In January 1905, the University issued its first Handbook for High Schools. Since that time much progress has been made in the development of the High Schools of the State and of the South. All of the Southern States are now working in conjunction to standardize the work of the several schools and higher institutions through special professors in their respective State universities, made possible through the generous aid of the General Education Board. Since the publication of our Handbook, in which we advocated the adop~ tion of the unit system of rating work, the Carnegie Foundation has been created and it has offered a system of units for all the schools and colleges of the nation. It is thought best that we in Georgia should now modify our former unit standards to conform, as far as possible, to those of other States and as recommended by the Carnegie Foundation. It is with a view of acquaint ing all Georgia school officials with these new standards that the present article is issued. It is earnestly hoped that all will carefully study these and endeavor, as far as possible to conform to the new standards. The next catalogs issued by the schools should fix the requirements in terms of units, instead of the present judefinite method generally adopted. Colleges should al~o state their entrance requirements in terms' of -q,nit~ ~otha.t. the schools may know their standards and :v-hat secoIldary se-hool work they are doing.
';'iI

330
In giving rating in our Accredited List, schools will be judged by the standards given below. It is not expected that any radical changes will be made in the midst of the year, but it is urged that all schools shape their courses for 1909-10 on the plans agreed upon in all of our Southern States as well as in other sections of the country.
The unit system admits of the widest selection of studies, thus meeting the local needs of every community, but insists upon definite standards of efficiency in alliount and character of work, wherever the studies are offered. It meets. the needs of the school offering only one year of high school work as satisfactorily as it does that of the largest four year High School. If uniformly adopted the pupil could receive definite credit in the more advanced schools for the work in the lower grade. Two units of Latin, for instance, would be good anywhere in the United States as equal to the Beginners' Latin Book and four books of Cresar with grammar and exerCIses.
The adoption of the unit system will also enable parents to judge of the work of a school. The catalog at present may report all sorts of subjects taught but the parent is at a loss to determine the time given to each. There may be fifteen-minute recitations or fortyfive minute recitations. The subject may be rushed over in six months, when all the best teachers require a year to teach the same, or two years may be given to a subject that ought to be mastered in one year.
Again, many pupils are now required, at great risk to their health, to take from seven to ten studies daily. Teachers are required by Boards to try to instruct fifteen or twenty classes a day, the board foolishly think-

331
ing that the more classes, the more work they are getting for the pay.
These slip-shod methods should be discarded by every teacher and every board. Definite requirements and standards should be made and teachers and pupils should be given adequate time to properly instruct and master the subject.
For the. past four years we have been requiring a minimum of thirty minutes to each recitation. vVe be lieve the time is at hand when the teachers and boards will be willing to make the recitation period forty minutes. The other Southern States are adopting this period and the rest of the country has forty minutes as a mlllImum. If our teachers are to cover the same amount of work in as satisfactory a manner as the teachers of other States our boards should allow them equal time. Nor should our children be required to do the same work as others with less time for instruction. We feel sure that all the school authorities will recognize the importance of lengthening the recitation period to forty minutes. This will be asked of all accredited schools in 1909-10.
DEFINITION OF UNIT.
A unit consists of five recitations of forty minutes each week throughout the school year of nine scholastic months.
With the definition of unit as a basis of work two teachers could teach sixteen recitations from eight to two or from eight to twelve and from one to three, giving ample allowance for recesses. One teacher could teach eight recitations in five hours and twenty minutes of recitation time. Three teachers could carry a maximum of twenty-four classes.

332
Every teacher and board member must recognize that a teacher should have for his best work some relaxation within the day and the maximum should not be required, if the funds will justify a reduction of recitations per teacher a day. What we all want are the best conditions for the best results for our children.
Only the more wealthy high schools with large teaching forces can offer all of the units suggested below for each year. Each school must select what it can cover well within the limits of the teaching force. Two teachers can well cover sixteen units of a four years' course, of the second grade and twelve units of a three years' course with three or four elections, or fourteen units of fl three years course with time allowance for the super~ intendent to visit other grades. One teacher can not carry the work of the three years' course. One teacher could cover eight or nine units of the first two years or four or five units of the first year and part of the grammar grades. No high school work should be permitted in a one teacher common school. If rural communities wish high school work they should be willing to consolidate small schools and secure more teachers or be willing to pay for two teachers with the small school. All suffer from the efforts of a teacher to cover the entire curriculum. Time provided by the State for the elementary pupils is taken from them for the half dozen advanced pupils. County boards of education should insist upon adequate teaching time being given the elementary pupils before allowing a common school to add High School studies. If the teaching force will justify it, the local boards should encourage the addition of the higher studies.
Every system should allow some time each day for

333
the superintendent to attend to his duties as supervisor. He is needed in the lower grades as well as in the tenth grade. In no other way can the work of the several teachers be unified. He must watch the mathematics from first grade to graduation class. Similar teaching and personal direction must be given the other subjects throughout the system.
. We recommend that the High School work be done on the departmental plan. Some have secured excellent results in small systems by including the upper elementary grade in the department work. The departmental plan is so thoroughly tested as best, that no board should longer continue the plan of individual teacher for each High School grade.
The High School curriculum should not be fixed primarily for the few who may go to college, but it should be arranged to give the best possible training for all at that particular period of life and study. The rural High School would not, therefore, be identical with the city High School in curriculum, but the work of each must be of equal educational value. Under this condition any boy or girl who has passed successfully through a full course in a good High School, city or rural, ought to be prepared for entrance to college. Colleges should and will make their courses so flexible that any such student will find a place a~d be able to pursue profitably some course of study. Let the High Schools do their work satisfactorily to meet the needs of the community for efficient training and the colleges will take care of those who desire further training. Every pupil's course should be arranged so that he could continue his studies if he so desired.

334
Just here it may be pertinent to ask if it is not time that some of our colleges were cutting off their High School departments variously named, preparatory, subfreshman and apprentice classes, especially' as theyannounce that they have to turn away several hundred applicants every yead Would it not be better for these pupils to remain at home to strengthen the local High School and their places filled in the colleges by those who are prepared for college work ~ Let the colleges stop soliciting students before they graduate from High School.
We have not suggested any ironclad courses, but have left the selection of the individual units largely to the judgment of each school. We do believe, however, that a Senior High School should offer as a minimum, four units of English, three units of Mathematics, two of Science, four of foreign language, two of History and one of drawing, domestic science, or mannal training. Less work than this ought not to entitle a school to senior rank. We believe that eighteen units would be full requirement for diplomas from any of our High Schools of Senior grade. A Middle HighSchool should offer as a minimum, three units of English, two and a half units of Mathematics, two units of foreign language, two units of History, one and one-half units of science, and one unit of drawing, domestic science or manual training. Thirteen units mig?t be required for graduation from a Middle High School.
A Junior High School should offer as a minimum, ~wo units of English, two units of Mathematics, two units of foreign language, one unit of History, one unit of Science, one-half unit of drawing, domestic science or manual training.

335

We give below suggestive outline for selection of studies and arrangement of curricula for the consideration of school authorities: One recitation a week is represented by 2. of a unit for convenience in printing.

FIRST YEAR.

Two required

English, Grammar .4, Classics .4, Com-

position .2

_

Mathematics, Algebra .8, Arithmetic .2__ History, Ancient 1, or English .6 _

Science, Physico-Commercial Geography

1

_

Elect one. May elect one-half more

Latin, Beginners' Book -'

_

Commercial, Business Arith. Commer-

cial forms

_

Manual Training

~

_

Domestic Science

-'

_

Music

_

Drawing

----------

unit
1 1 1 to .6
1
1
.6 to 1 .4 to 1
.4 .5
.5

Total offered

6 to 8

Explanation. The English course represents the equivalent of two recitations a week in an advanced text in English Grammar, two recitations a week in English and American Classics, largely narrative, and one recitation a week in a simple High School text on composition.
The Algebra contemplates a recent secondary school text with four recitations a week to or through simple simultaneous equations, and a review of arithmetic once a week with as many practical applications to life as possible. The" easy steps" is a waste of time.

~36
In History, the school should choose between English History and Ancient History, the latter being preferred if the advancement of the pupils is sufficient to warrant it. The recent texts in Ancient History will require a whole unit. The English History of this grade may be completed with profit in three recitations a week.
In Science, a recent text in Physical Geography with study of charts and about thirty exercises worked out, closing the year with concise study of commercial geography is perhaps the best introduction to scien<;e study and it will prove of practical value to all. Such a study is a nexus for all the sciences.
In Latin, the text should be chosen with a view of drilling the pupil in the forms, the syntax, a working vocabulary of seven or eight hundred words, taken, as far as possible, from classic Latin, as a preparation for reading C::esar the next year.
The vocational studies will be discussed later as to subject matter, but each pupil should take his first year from one to five periods a week, preferably in double periods. All pupils should be required to take the first four studies and then elect from one to one and one-half units from those mentioned later.
If instrumental music is taught in the school we see no reason why this should not be counted as the fifth unit. We doubt if "expression" should have rating outside of the English unit. It certainly could not count for more than one-fifth of a unit. The Carnegie Foundation gives it no valuation. As between an "expression teacher" and a teacher of Domestic Science and Illanual training, boards are urged to consider the greater good of the latter's instruction.

337

SECOND YEAR.

Two required

English, Rhetoric, Composition .4, Clas-

sics .6

_

Mathematics, Algebra .6, Plane Geome-

try .4

_

Elect three units

History, Ancient .6 or English .6_______

Science, Biology, 1, or Botany .5 and Ag-

riculture .5 or Botany .5 and Physiol-

ogy .5

_

Latin, ClPsar. Any four books with

Grammar and Composition

_

Commercial

~_,...

_

Manual Training -

_

Domestic Science

_

Music

~

_

Drawing

_

Second, Foreign Language, French, Ger-
man, Greek, Spanish, Beginners' Book with reading

unit
1
1
1 to .6
1
1 .5 to 1.5 .5 to 1.5 .4 to 1 .2 to .5 .2 to .5
1

Explanation. The English Course represents two recitations a week in Rhetoric and Composition and three recitations in classics with emphasis on description and exposition. The English instruction centers about the study of the classics selected for careful study and for reading and practice.
In Mathematics the school might offer Algebra three times a week and Plane Geometry two times a week, or Algebra five times a week and Plane Geometry frve times a week for the rest of the school year of sixteen weeks. Under either plan the class should bomplete the Secondary School. Al.gebra begun the year before as far or

338
through Quadratics and books one and two of a recent Plane Geometry. Many of our schools have completed the Algebra in the second grade and have given the whole of the third grade to Plane Geometry. Experience has shown that pupils under this plan are more frequently found "rusty" in Algebra on entering college. Again, the plan suggested above gives to those pupils who may not be able to continue in the third grade some knowledge of Geometry.
If Ancient History was offered in the first grade, then English History may be offered in the second grade.. The essentials of later European History may well be grouped about the English History as a center. Three to five recitations should be given according to the fullness of the course, the unit value being rated accordingly.
In Science for the second year the schools have a choice of a Zoology and Human Physiology, thus giving the student a comprehensive view of life; or a half year can be given to Botany and the other half year to Agriculture. This course is especially recommended for schools whose students are closely related to the farms. Another grouping would be Botany one-half year and a High School text in Physiology for one-half year. The subjects may be taught consecutively or alternately according to conditions for best teaching the subjects.
We most earnestly recommend to all boards the great value of a year's study in the above subjects. Inexpensive apparatus can be provided. The farms, the gardens and school plats will provide abundant illustrations and opportunity for experiments.
These sciences relate closely to the life of every person of either sex who enjoys flowers, or fruits or the

339

products of the garden and farm. We hope that one of these groups will find a place in every school.
Latin. If the first year's work has been well done; as indicated above, the student may now undertake the reading of ClEsar, covering within the year about four books with study of Latin grammar and composition based upon the text read. Some prefer to begin with the second book of ClEsar and then read the first, third and sixth. We are convinced that little progress is gained in reading the classic authors by time devoted to " Gradatim" and similar readings.
In the vocational studies the time allowance will vary from three periods a week to eight periods a week, according to extensiveness of the course and the other electives of the student. The study of French, German, Spanish and Greek may be begun in the second year or deferred to the third year. As a college .entrance, only two units are required. Most of the colleges now give equal rank to these languages }or entrance and continne the study of French, German and Greek in the Freshman class. At least one modern language should he offered in the schools where a suitable teacher can be employed.

THIRD YEAR.

Required English, Rhetoric and Compo .4, Classics .6

Mathematics, Algebra .2, P. Geometry .6,

Trigonometry .2 or Arithmetic Review

.2

_~_______________________________

unit 1
.1

Elect three

History, Advanced American .6, Civic 4

1

340

Science, Physics 1 or Physics .5, Chemis-

try .5 or Physics .5, Agriculture .5 _

1

Latin, Cicero 6 or orations 1 unit, four

orations 2-3 unit, with Grammar and

Composition or Cicero .4, Virgil 1

book 5~6 unit

_

1

Second, Foreign Language, 300 to 400

pages of text with Grammar and Com-

position

_

Commercial

_

Manual training

_

Domestic Science

_

Music

_

Drawing

_

1 .4 to 1.5 .4 to 1.5 ;-4 to .1 .2 to .5 .2 to .5

Explanation. In English the text in Rhetoric is continued with th~ equivalent of two recitations a week, and the Classics for careful study and general reading are given the equivalent of thl'ee periods a week, the emphasis being put upon the Drama and Nove!.

In Mathematics, the Algebra text is continued with study of Quadratic -Equations, ratio and proportion, binominal theorem with positive integral exponents and progressions, either once a week or for eight weeks; Plane Geometry is completed with equivalent of three recitations a week or for twenty-two weeks; Plane Trigonometry through the right triangle may be given the remaining six. or eight weeks. An option with trigonometry might be offered the members of the class in the way of a rapid review of Arithmetic. A few weeks here, after a mastery of Algebra and Geometry, is worth a year in Arithmetic in the first grade. The pupils are a~so fresh in the subject when they apply for position.

341
In Science, Physics for one year IS recommended . when the laboratory equipment will justify the course, two periods being given to the labor~tory and three to the recitations. In the rural schools a half year may well be given to a rather elementary treatment of Phy-
sics and the other half year to a further treatment of some branch of Agriculture. Even this brief course in Physics should be accompanied with some laboratory
hwaosrkb. eenT ht eh eb annoet ioofn atl lh aotu rmsecmieoncr iez itne agcthhi ne gpirni nttheedSpoaugthe
was a study of science. Such a study of science has no scientific value. If the school runs only three years, and has only small laboratories in each subject a third suggestion would be Physics for one-half the year and Chemistry for the second half year. Chemistry should not be offered without at least a $50.00 laborat<?ry eq~ipment. The great value of the last option is found in the bearing of these subjects upon the work in Domestic Science and life in general. Less than a half year's study in a science with laboratory is not recommended and can not receive auy unit valuation.
In Latin, Cicero's Orations against Cataline constitute tlie major classic readillg for the year. Where the cl.ass is unusually proficient it may read two other orations of Cicero as is recommended in the Carnegie Units. We have not found the Southern schools, with few exceptions, equal to this. Certainly a good class can cover .four orations and possibly one other or one book of Virgil. The University will ask for five Orations of Cicero or the equivalent number of books of Virgil, rating the same as 5-6 of a unit. The study of Grammar and Composition, based on Cicero, is included in the year's work. If the study of Greek was begun in

342

the Second Year then the reading of Xenophon should

be the major part of this year's work, each book of

Xenophon's Anabasis counting one-fourth of a unit. If

French, German or Spanish were studied in the second

year, classic reading in these languages will constitute

this year's work, three or four hundred pages being car-

ried. Grammar and Composition will be continued.

The time allotment in the vocational studies is the

sr aamp heyaas rien

the second year. offered, which is

If not

typewriting or general, fewer

stenoggeneral

electives can be taken and classes will run longer hours.

It will be noted that as many as eleven units of

work may be offered in the second and third years re-

spectively while only five units should be allowed the in-

dividual student.

FOURTH YEAR.

Required

English, Rhetoric and Grammar .2, History of Literature .4, Classics .4 _

Elect four units. Mathematics, Solid Geometry .4, Advanced Algebra, .4, P .. Trigonometry .2 History, Modern .6, and Economics .4 _

Science, Chemistry 1 or Chemistry .5,

Psychology .5, or Chemistry .5 and Ag-

riculture .5

_

Latin, Virgil 6 books, or Virgil 4, Ovid 2 books, or Virgil 3 and Livy 1 book _

Second Foreign Language, Greek, Ger-

man, French

_

Commercial

_

Manual Training

_

Domestic Science

_

Units 1
1
]
1 1 1 .4 to 2 .4 to 2 .4 to 1

343

~usic ~usic
Drawing Theory and Practice of Teaching

_ .4 t o l _ .2 to .5
_ .2 to .5

_

1

Explanation. The English of the f~urth year consists of the equivalent of one recitation a week in Rhetoric and Grammar, two recitations a week in a brief text in the History of English and American Literature and two recitations a week in the classics for careful study and general reading, emphasis being laid on augmentat.ion, exposition and selections illustrative of the periods . in the History of Literature.

In ~athematics,Solid Geometry will require the first fourteen to sixteen weeks, advanced Algebra a like time, and the year will close with six to eight weeks in Plane Trigonometry beyond the right triangle. If pre:ferred these may be studied consecutively each week, allowing two periods to Solid Geometry, two to advanced Algebra and one to Plane Trigonometry. The chief advantage probably in either of the above is to impress upon the student the oneness of mathematics. ~uch of the value of the subject will be lost unless the student grasps this unity of the science. Every part of this course must be constantly kept before the student and be subject to his instant use..
A year in ~odern Histor?, and a High School text in Economics should be offered. It is not expected that the four years of History should be required of every student.
In Science, where Physics has been given a unit in the third year and the board can supply adequate labor~ltory; a full unit in Chemistry may well be offered. All

344
&C'ientists agree that a few sciences well studied are worth much more than many sciences skimmed over.
A second suggestion would be Chemistry for first half year and a High School text in Psychology for the second half year. Some rural High Schools may prefer a half year in Chemistry and a half year to a third division of Agriculture. Three half year courses are thus provided for in Agriculture, one in Agronomy, one in Soils and Horticulture and one in Animal Husbandry. ~rhis extended course should not be undertaken unless ample provision is made for experimentation.
In Latin, six books of Virgil constitute a full unit. Our schools will probably cover only about four books until more rapid reading has been developed from the lower classes. After three books of Virgil have been read, selections from Livy or Ovid will prove interesting to some classes. These will be rated equivalent to an equal amount of Virgil.
Greek, German, French. Under present conditions in Georgia it will probably require the three years to cover well the two units suggested in the Carnegie Foundation.
Theory and Practice of Teaching. A large number of High School students go directly frOlll the High School to teaching in the elementary schools. It would seem wise, therefore, for our four year schools to offer the half year in Psychology and a half year in the Theory and Practice of Teaching for those who expect to teach. Such a course with the thorough scholarship of a four-year High School will furnish excellent preparation for the common school teachers. The fact is, that in all sections the elementary schools rely upon the secondary schools for teachers and special training

345
E>hould be provided in the fourth year. As much as twofifths of the time is allowed in the last year, those pupils desiring to specialize in commercial or technical voe,ltions.
The work as outlined above gives a minimum of nine required studies and allows selection by the pupil ?f from seven to eleven others, according to graduation requirements of 16, 18 or 20 units. If the election of subjects is adopted, the board should require for graduation from a four-year or Senior High School a minimum of three units of English, two of Mathematics, two of History, two of foreign language, two of science, the other five, seven or nine units being selected by the pupil.
Some prefer the school offering group courses and allow selection of these, but the course once-adopted, the subjects are largely prescribed.
Under either plan or from any course suggested a graduate ought to be able to pursue with profit a higher course in the University or College. We submit a scheme of entrance units for the consideration of our colleges to which the flexible courses offered in the High Schools may be adjusted. While no two pupils may have exactly the same grouping, all may be required to offer the same amount of High School preparation. It is hoped that all our colleges will adopt the unit system of rating entrance and adhere strictly to the catalog requirements. The schools and the patrons have a right to know whether 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 units are required for full entrance to the Freshman class, and on how many units a pupil may be admitted conditionally to the same class. We believe the scheme below will meet the demands of the schools and of the colleges.

346

SUGGESTED COLLEGE ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL

,

COLLEGES.

For Bachelor of Arts.

English, 3 to 4 units; Algebra, 1 to 11/2 units; PI. Geometry, 1 unit ; Latin, 3 to 4 units; Second For. Lang. 2 to 3 units; History, 1 to 2 units; Elective, 1 to 3 units; total 14 units.
Electives.

Second, Foreign Language, 2 units; Physics, 1 unit; Chemistry, 1 unit; Physical Geography, 1 unit; Biology, 1 unit; Botany and Zoology, 1 unit; Advanced Algebra, 1-2 unit; Solid Geometry, Trigonometry, 1 unit; History, 2 units; Drawing, 1 unit; Agriculture, 1 to 3 units; Music, 1 unit; Manual Training, 1 to 3 units; Domestic Science, 1 to 2 units; Commercial, 1 to 2 units. Manual Training, Domestic Science, and Commercial Electives in technical courses.
For Bachelor of Science.
English, 3 to 4 units; Algebra, 1 to 1112 units; PI.
Geometry, 1 unit; Foreign Language; 2 to 3 units; History, 1 to 2 units; Electives, 3 to 5 units; total 14 units.

PHYSICAL CULTURE.
Physical culture of some kind should be a definite part of the school exercises. Boards should insist upon this and plan for it. The army" setting up" exercises are llllsurpassed for outdoor drills for the boys and may, in modified form, be helpful to the girls. The school should encourage field and track athletics by holding contests each term and sending the winners to the county or district contests. Spaulding"s Handbook for


347
Public School Athletic Leagues should be familiar to every school boy and to his teachers. 'vVe have much to learn from the old Greeks about the care and development of the body. These athletic features of the school will tend also to develop school spirit. The girls should not be neglected either. There are many wholesome games that they should be encouraged to engage in, always of course under competent supervision. Our girls and boys should leave the high school vigorous in mind and body, controlled by a high moral purpose backed by an ability to think straight, and possessed of a fair degree of economic efficiency. We must strive for all round development in place of the too common book stuffing.
BIBLE STUDY.
We believe that an elective course in the systfilmatic study of the Bible should be offered in our secondary schools. One full recitation a week, containing one-fifth of a unit a year, should be offered. The course should consi~t of a study of Old Testament History, of the Life and Teachings of Christ and the spread of Christianity, followed, if desired, by a course in Doctrines and Duties.
We suggest that principles and boards send for sample copies of Blakeslee's Bible study union texts, issued by the Bible Study Publishing Company, Boston, Mass. After a study of these textbooks, I believe they will be convinced that such a course should be offered in the high school department. He must be bigoted indeed, who would object to such an'elective course in the world's greatest book. Too many of our Sunday schools do not instruct. If we are to have a generation versed in th<;) Bibl<;) I believe we must introduce the study in thE;l


348
high school course. The Constitution of the State permits the study. I believe the place for such a study is in the second or third years of a high school course, in the home school under local environments.
SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDY ENGLISH CLASSICS.
The full list of subjects in the groups mentioned below will be found in Bulletin 100 of the University of Georgia. This Bul~etin will be sent on application. rrhe grouping below is merely a suggestive arrangement made after consultation with the department of English.
FOUR YEAR HIGH SCHOOL COURSE.
English.
First Year. For Careful Study and Practice: Milton's Minor Poems-Lycidas, Comus, L'Allegro and II Penseroso. For Reading and Practicing: Group VI.
Second Year. .For Careful Study and Practice: Macaulay's Life of Johnson or Carlyle's Essay on Burns. For Reading and Practicing: Group II and Group V.
Third Year. For Careful Study and Practice: Burke's Speech on the Conciliation with America or Webster's First Bunker Hill Oration and Washington's Farewell Address. For Reading and Practicing: Group IV.
Fourth Year. For Careful Reading and Practice: Macbeth. For Reading and Practicing: Group I and Group III.

349
THREE YEAR HIGH SCHOOL COURSE.
First Year.
For Careful Study and Practice: Lycidas, Comus, L'Allegro and II Penseroso.
For Reading and Practicing: Group VI.
Second Year. on Johnson or Carlyle '8 Essay on Burns.
For Careful Study and Practice: Macaulay's Essay For Reading and Practicing: Group II and Group V.
Third Year.
For Careful Study and Practice: Macbeth. For Reading and Practicing: Group I and Group IV.
STATISTICS WANTED.
The professors of secondary education in the eleven Southern States are collecting statistics showing all work of a secondary school nature done in ~heir respective States. I ask the earnest co-operation of all school officials in aiding me in securing the fullest data for Georgia. We want a record of every grade above the seventh pursuing High School studies but none below. We need the seven grades to do satisfactorily the common school course. We desire to give detailed information concerning every Junior, Middle, and Senior High School this fall.
CONSTITUTIONAL A~THORITYFOR SUPPORT OF HIGH SCHOOLS AS A PART OF A SCHOOL SYSTEM.
On October 5, 1904, the voters of the State of Georgia ratified an amendment to the State Constitution as follows:

350
"Authority may be granted to counties, militia districts, and to municipal corporations to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation ; but no such laws shall take effect until the same have been submitted to a vote and approved by a two-thirds majority of those voting at such election."
This amendment gives the above mentioned political divisions the right to establish and maintain public schools, unrestricted in scope and therefore including high schools as well as elementary school grades.
The Constitution still prevents direct appropriations from the State treasury for high schools. It is hoped that the next General Assembly will amend the Constitution so that a small direct appropriation may be made to each county for aid to the high school, as is done in Virginia, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, and quite a number of the Northern and Western States. If we all work for it we can get it.

351
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT HIGH SCHOOL ASSOCIATION OF GEORGIA.
Organization, Rules and Suggestions to District Officers for the Year 1908-09.
STATE OFFICERS.
(Elected by the State Executive Committee, July 1908.) President-Joseph S. Stewart, Professor of Second-
ary Education, University of Georgia. Vice-President-O. R. Horton, Superintendent of
Schools, Monticello, Ga. Secretary-Treasurer-A. G.; Miller, Superintendent
of Schools, Americus, Ga.
State Executive Committee.
This consists of the State officers and the Presidents of the District Associations.
Congressional District Committees.
First District-W. L. Newsome, of Claxton, president; Professor Brown, of Savannah; J. W. Hendricks,
, of Statesboro; E. L. Ray, Vidalia; J. R. York, Swains.
boro. Meeting at Statesboro. Second District-S. R. Dejarnette, Albany, president;
T. H. Wilkinson, Pelham; O. A. Thaxton, Norman Park; J. A. Caldwell, Bainbridge; Homer Hamby, Cuthbert. Meeting at Pelham.
Third District-A. G. Miller, Americus, president; J. M. Richardson, Montezuma; J. A. Mershon, Cordele; T. G. Polhill, Hawkinsville; E. L. Brauner, Richland. Meeting at Cordele.

352
Fourth District-C. K. Henderson, Jr., Newnan, president; J. E. Ricketson, LaGrange; J. A. Duncan, Columbus; H. B. Adams, Carrollton; W. P. Thomas, ,Vest Point.
Fifth District-W. F. Dykes, Atlanta, president; R. Powell, Conyers; J. C. Upshaw, Monroe; W. E. Dendy, Douglasville; G. H. Gardner, Decatur. Meeting at Conyers.
Sixth District-J. D. Smith, Barnesville, president; W. T. Garrett, Griffin; F. F. Rowe, Thomaston; W. R. Lanier, Jackson; K. T. Alfriend, Macon. Meeting at Macon.
Seventh District-J. C. Harris, Rome, president; W. T. Dumas, Marietta; H. L. Sewell, Cartersville; 'William Ransom, Lafayette; J. E. Purks, Cedartown. Meeting at Rome.
Eighth District-O. R. Horton, Monticello, president; S. L. Lewis, Madison; E. B. Mell, Athens; J. H. Purks, Greensboro; H. B. Bible, Lavonia; C. B. Ayers, Comer. Meeting at Greensboro.
Ninth District-J. W. Marion, Cornelia, president; E. J. Robeson, Winder; W. F. Brown, Commerce; Prin. Hill, Jefferson; J. 1. Allman, Toccoa. Meeting at Gainesville.
Tenth District-H. B. Carreker, Warrenton, president; T. H. Garrett, Augusta; N. E. Ware, Thomson; J. W. Farmer, Louisville; Professor Thurman, Sparta. Meeting at Warrenton.
Eleventh District-E. A. Pound, Waycross, president; R. B. Daniel, Valdosta; R. E. Brooks, Dublin; N. H. Ballard, Brunswick; R. J. Strozier, McRae.

353

CONSTITUTION.

SECTION 1. The Junior, Middle and Senior High

Schools of the

Congressional District

shall constitute the

District High School

Association of Georgia.

All High Schools holding membership in the District Associations are members of the State Association.

SEC. 2. The object of the Association shall be to

promote the cause of education through the establish-

ment and adequate maintenance and equipment of pub-

lic high schools in every county as a necessity in any modern system of education, a right of every boy and

girl, rural and urban, and an .efficient means of linking' the elementary public schools with the colleges and

universities and of improving the scholarship of the

rank and file of public school teachers, and the intelli-

gence and efficiency of the entire citizenship of the

State.

SEC. 3. The membership of the Association shall in-

elude all teachers and officers in the above mentioned

High Schools, the boards of trustees of said schools,

.and the County School Commissioners of the counties

in this District.

SEC. 4. Each school shall have one vote and a ma-

jority of the schools represented shall constitute a

quorum at a regular or duly called special conference.

SEC. 5. Conferences shall be held annually on the

____________ and on the

. The executive

officers will arrange the program for these and send it

to all the members.

SEC. 6. Annual contests in declamation, recitations,

music, etc., and track athletics, that will promote the

12-de

cause of education shall be held during the spring term, either for the whole District or in such sub-divisions of the District as the Association shall determine. Winners of the District contests may be sent to the annual State contest during sessions of the State Summer School.

SEC. 7. Delegates from the Association, at least one from each school, shall be sent to the annual convention of the Georgia Educational Association and to the Secondary School Conference held during the State Summer School.

SEC. 8. The officers of this Association shall consist of a president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer and an executive committee, consisting of one member from each county represented, the before-mentioned officers constituting a part of said committee and representing their respective counties in the same; or the officers shall constitute the executive committee. The officers shall be elected at the annual meeting.

By-LAws.

1. The high schools of each county in the

_

District shall have the right to send one boy and one

girl, to contest in declamation, and recitations, respec-

tively; one boy and one girl to participate in xeady

writers contest based upon subjects selected from the

college entrance requirements in English for 1909, '10,

'11; to submit specimens of High School pupils' handi-

work; one contestant in piano music limited to eight

minutes, and to send not exceeding five boys to contest

in different forms of track athletics, all of whom must

be under twenty years of age, bona fide students of the

school and in good standing for the school year.

355
2. Anyone who has won a prize in any of the above contests is ineligible to the same contest another year.
3. The Association shall charge an admission fee of 15 cents for school children and 25 cents for others to the contests, the proceeds to go to defraying the expenses of judges, etc.
4. There shall be three judges for each contest.
5. Judges shall be elected by the executive committee from names furnished by the several county committees, from persons not connected with the schools contesting unless agreed upon by all the executive committee.
6. No speech shall be longer than eight minutes and no essay longer than five hundred words. All handiwork offered must be the work of the pupil done as a part of the regular school exercises. Track contests must conform to the standard rules governing same as explained in Spaulding's Official Handbook Public School Athletic League, Group XII American Sports Pub. Co., No. 21 Warren St., New York City. Price, 10 cents.
7. The executive committees shall decide what contests will be offered each year and what the prizes will be.
8. The principal of the school must certify to the President of the District Association the names, age, time in school and scholarship of contestants one week before contest. The President of the District Association will report to the President of the State Asso~ ciation the results of the District contests and a general statement of the work of the Association for the year.

356
9. The District committee shall be instructed to name the alternates for the State contests from the next highest contestants.
II. Where several high schools are in one county, these shall contest or otherwise agree among themselves for the honor of representing the county in the District contests. The princip'als of the high schools of the county will constitute an executive committee for said county. Where two or more contests are held . in a District the winners of these may contest to decide who shall represent the District in the State contests, or contestants may be chosen by the executive committee by lot.
III. It is recommended that each county and city hold annual contests and exhibitions among elementary school pupils under the direction of the county teachers' association, and the high school authorities are requested to co-operate with the county authorities in organizing the same.
Spaulding's Guide mentioned above will give full directions for athletic contests among elementa;ry pupils. These are distinct from the High School contests.
Every school should order several copies of this Guide. It gives the official records of school boys, in all the sports, the athletic rules governing entries and for conducting each sport and suggestions for school organizations. We are confident that there is a great value in field and track sports and we trust that all will introduce them under the regulations mentioned above.
Great interest was manifested in the District meet-

357
mgs last year. Large crowds were in attendance in seven of the Districts. One of the most valuable features is the conference of High School teachers. This should not be omitted. We Inust create more high school sentiment by giving more knowledge of the work of the high school.

358

ACCREDITED SCHOOLS OF GEORGIA.

EXPLANATION OF DETAILS RELATING TO ACCREDITED
SCHOOLS BELOW.
E. English; M. Mathematics; P. G., Physi.cal Geography; P. Physics; B. Botany; Bi. Biology; Phy. Physiology; C. Chemistry; H. History; L. Latin; G. German; F. French; Sp. Spanish; Gr. Greek; Com. Commercial Studies; Do. Sci. Domestic Science; Tech. Shop Work; Lab. Laboratory; D. P. Department Work in Teaching; C. D. College Degrees, when all the High School teachers have degrees. (S) Senior High School; (M) Middle High School. Music and Art teachers are not included in the number of teachers given below. In the smaller high schools where the Superintendent does full teaching and the high school is in the same building with grades, he is given as principal. In those schools in which the Superintendent does no teaching and there is a separate building for high school, the principal is given. School authorities desiring to confer regarding accredited relations should write to Prof. Joseph S. Stewart, Athens, Ga.

High School.

Principal.

No. Teachers

Adel High School (M), A. N. Swain, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., B., H., L., Ag., Library.
Albany High School (S), B. T. Hunter, A. M. 5, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., p., C., H., Com., L. F., D., Sc., Library, Lab.
Americus, Furlow High School (S), Ralph Newton, A. B. . 5, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., C., H., L., Library, Lab,

359
Ashburn High School (M), C. H. Bishop, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., Phy., L., Library.
Athens High School (M), E. B. Mell, B. S. 4, D. P., C. D. E., M.,P. G., P., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.
Atlanta.
Boys'High School, VV. F. Dykes A. B. 14 D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., C., B., H., L., Gr., Sp., Tech., Com., Lib., Lab.
Girls' High School (S), Miss Nettie Sergeant, A. B. 20, D. P., nearly all C. D. E., M., B., C., H., L., F., Com., Lib., Lab.
Marist College, H. S. Dept. (M), Geo S. Rapier, S. T. B. 6 D. P., C. D. K, M., P. G., P., H., L., F., Library, Lab.
Peacock's School (S), D. C. Peacock; A. B. 4, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Gr., Lab.
Auburn, Perry-Rainey H. S. (M), J. B. nrookshire, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. M., P. G.,H., L., Gr.
Augusta. Tubman High School (S), T. H. Garrett, A. M. 8, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., Phy., C., H.1 L., F., Library, Lab. Richmond Academy (M), Chas. H. Withrow, A. M. 5, D. P., 4, C. D. E., M., P., H., Phy., L., Library, Lab.
Bainbridge, Ga. Southern Military School (M), J. A. Caldwell, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D.K, M., P. G., H., L., P., Library, Lab.
Barnesville, Gordon Institute (S), J. D. Smith, A. M. 6, D. P., C. D., K, M., H., P. G., P., C., I ..., Gr., Com., Library, Lab.
Blakely High School (M), R.E. Brooks, A. B. 3, D. P.,
2, C. D. E. M., P. G., P., n., L., Lab.

&>0
Blackshear, Presbyterian Institute (M), C. A. Sydnor, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., G., Gr. Library.
Boston High School (M), W. E. Nichols, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Gr., Library.
Bowdon High School (M), W. P. Lunsford, A. B. 4, D. P., C. D. E., M., H., P. G., L., Gr., Fr., Library.
Bowman, Gibson-Mercer Academy (S), A. H. Redding, A. B. 2, D. P., C .D. Eo, M., P. G., H., L., G., Gr.
Broxton High School (M), S. C. Olliff, A. B. 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., B., L., Library.
Buena Vista High School (M), A. W. Strozier. 2, D. P., 1 C. D. E., M., P. G., B., H., L.,Library.
Brunswick, Glenn Academy (S), H. J. Gaertner, A. M. 7, D. P., 6, C. D. E., M., P., Bi., H., L., Gr., F., . Com., Library, Lab.
Calhoun High School (M), Miss Edna Baker, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library.
Carrollton High School (M), H. B. Adams, A. B. 3,
D. P., 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library.
Cartersville High School (M), H. L. Sewell, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. Eo, M., P. G., H., L., Library.
Cave Spring, Hearn Academy (S), C. R. Allen, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Gr., G., Library.
Cedartown High School (M), J. E. Purks, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.
Cedartown, Samuel Benedict Memorial School (M), Geo. E. Benedict, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., B. G., Phy., Ag., H., L., Library.
Claxton, Tatnall Institute (M), W. L. Newsom, Ph. D. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., B. G., B., H., L.. F.

361
Columbus High School (S), J. A. Duncan, A. M. 6, D. P., C. D. E., M., Phy., P., C., B., H., L., G., Gr., Sp., F., Library, Lab.
Columbus Industrial School (M), L. J. Rodgers. 6, D. P., 3, C. D. E., M., P., C., H., Tech., Com., Do. Sci., Lab., Shops, etc.
College Park, Ga. Military Academy (S), J. C. Woodward, A. M. 8, D: P., C. D. E., M." P. G., P., C., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.
Comer High School (M), T~ H. Brame. 2, College Study. Eo, M., P. G., H., L., Gr., Library.
Commerce High'School (M), W. F. Brown, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., Phy., H., L., Library, Lab.
Cordele, O'Neal High School (M), F. E. Land, A. B. , 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Lab.
Cornelia High School (M), J. W. Marion. 3, D. P., 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., B., H., L., Gr., Lab.
Dallas High School (M), H. H. Ezzard, B. S. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., PhY."H., L., Gr., Library.
,Dawson High School (M), R. H. Hankinson, A. B. 4, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., C., H., L., F., Library, Lab.
Demorest, Piedmont College, H. S. Dept. (S), H. C. Newell, A.M. 7, D. P., C. D. E., M., P., Phy., C., H., L., G., Gr., F., Lib., Lab.
Decatur, Donald Fraser (S), G. H. Gardner, A. M. 5, D. P., C. D.E., M., P. G., H., L., Gr., Library.
Douglasville High School (M), W. Eo Dendy, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library.
Dublin High School (M), K. T. AIfriend, A. B. 3,D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., C., H., L., F., Gr., Library, Lab.

362
Eastman High School (S), W. A. Mulloy, A. B. 3, D. P., 2, C. D. E., M., P., Phy., H., Gr., Library, Lab.
Eatonton High School (M), W. C. Wright, A. B. 2 College Degrees. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Lab.
Elberton High School (M), Wilbur Calvin, M. S., LL. D. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., Phy., H., L., F., Gr., Com., Lab.
Fitzgerald High School (S), E. E. Tyner, M.-S. 3,
D. P., C. D. E., M., :po G., P., Bi., Phy., H., L.,
Library, Lab. Forsyth, Banks Stephens Inst. (M), M. C. Allen, A. B.
3, D. P., C.- D. E., M., P. G., B., H., L., Library, Lab. Fort Gaines High School (M), Van Fletcher, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library. Gainesville High School (M), E. J. Robeson, A: B.. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library, Lab. Griffin High School (M), W. T. Garrett, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., C., H., L., F., Gr., G., Library, Lab. Greensboro High School (M), J. H. Purks, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library. Hartwell Institute (M), J. P. Nash, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab. Hawkinsville High School (M), T. G. Polhill, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., Phy., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab. Hogansville High School (M), James T. McGee, A. B. 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., L. Jackson High School (S), W. R. Lanier, B. S. 3, C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Gr., Library. Jefferson, Martin Institute (M), H. M. Ivy, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., Phy., H., L., Gr., Library.

363
J-laGrange High School (M), J. E. Ricketson, B. S. 5, D. P., C.D. E., M., P. G., P., B., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab~
Locust Grove Institute (S), Claud Gray, A. B. 4, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H. L., Gr., Library.
Louisville High School (M), J. W. Farmer, A. B. 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Gr.,L~brary, Lab:
Lumpkin High School (M), J. N. Haddock, A. B. 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., F., Gr., Library.
Macon, Gresham Academy (M), R. J. Coates, A. B. 13, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., B., H., L., Com., Tech., Do. Sci., Lib., Lab.
Madison High School, L. M. Spruell, B. S. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., H., L., Phy., Library.
Marietta High School (M), Wm. T. Dumas, A. M. 3, C. D. G. D. E., M., P. G., P., C., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.
Milledgeville, Ga. Military College ...(S), Wm. E. Reynolds, A. M. 6, D. P. E., M., P. G., P., C., H., L., F., Lab.
Monroe High School (M), J. C. Upshaw, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P., G., H., F., Library.
Monticello High School/(M); O. R. Horton, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., B., Library.
Montezuma High School (M), J. M. Richardson, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library.
Moultrie High School (M), L. A. Smith, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Library, Lab.
McDonough High School (M), W. D. Greene, A. B. 2, D. P., C. D.E., M., P. G., H., L., Library, Lab.
McRae, South Georgia College (S), R. J. Strozier, A. M. 4, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., C., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.

364

Newnan High School (M), C. K. Henderson, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P., H., L., Library, Lab.

Norman Park, Norman Institute (S), O. A. Thaxton, A. M. 4, D. P., C. D. E., M., H., P. G., P., B., Phy., L., Gr., Library, Lab.

O?illa High School (M), J. J. Flanders, A. B. 2, C. D.

E., M., P. G., Phy., H. L., Library.

/

Pelham Iligh School (M), T. H. Wilkinson, A. B. 2, D. P., C.D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library.

Rome High School (M), W. P. Jones, A. B. 4, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G.,P., Phy., H., L., Lab.

Rome, Darlington High School (S), J. R. McCain, A. M. 2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., Phy., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.

Rome, Boys' Industrial School (M), J. R. McCain, A. M. 3, D. P., 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., Ag., H. L., Manual Training, Lab.

Sandersville High-School (M), John Gibson, A. M. 3, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., F., Library, Lab.

Savannah, Chatham Academy (M), B. F. Pickett, A. B.

10, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., C., L., Manual T.,

Lab., Library.

\

Sautee, Nacoochee Institute (S), J. T. Wade, A. B. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., F., Gr., Library.

Senoia High School (M), Miss Raiford Sneed, A. B. 2, D. P., 2 C. D. E., M., P. G., H., B., L.

Social Circle High School (M), W. C. Carlton, A. B. 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., Phy., H., L., F.
Sparta High School (M), T. H~ Smoot, A. B. 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Library, Lab., Man. T.
Statesboro High School (M), F. A. Brinson, A. B. 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Lab.

365

Stone Mountain, University School (S), W. R Griffin, A. M. 9, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., II., L., F., G.. Gr., Library, Lab.

Swainsboro High School (M), J. R. York, R S. 4, D. P;, 3, C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Com., Library.

Talbotton High School (M), C. D. Reade, Ph. R 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L.

Tallapoosa High School (M), A. L. Brewer, A. R 2, D. P., 1, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Lab., Library.

Tennille High School (M), C. V. Asbury, R S. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., R, H., L., F., Library.

Thomasville High School (M), G. H. Boutelle, 2, D. P., college courses. E., M., P. G.,P., H., L., Library, Lab.

Thomaston, R. E. Lee lnst. (M), F. F. Rowe, A. M. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.

Tifton High School (M), Jason Ssarboro, A. R 2, D. P., C. D., E., M., P. G., P., H., L., C., Library, Lab.

Valdosta High School (M), W. O. Cheney, A. R 4, D. P., 3 C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Lab.

Vidalia High School (S), E. L. Ray. 3, D. P., college courses. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.

Vienna High School (M), C. G. Power. 2, D. P., 1, college course. M., P. G., H., L., Gr.

,Vadley High.school (M), A. F. Ware, A. R 21;2, C. D.

E., M., P. G., P., H., L., F., Library, Lab.

Warrenton High School (S), H. R Carreker, A. R 21;2,

D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., F" Gr.,

Library, Lab.

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Washington High School (M), T. G. Wilkinson, A. B. 21j2' D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library, Lab.
Waycross High School (M), N. A. Goodyear, A. M. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., F., Gr., Library, Lab.
'Waynesboro High School (M), M. L. Parker, A. M. 2, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., B., H., L., Com., Lab.
West Point High School (S), W. P. Thomas, A. B. 31;2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., B., C., H., L., Library, Lab.
'\Tinder High School (M), J. T. Walker, M. A. 3, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., H., L., Library.
Winterville High School (M), T. R. Edwards, A. B. 21;2, D. P., C. D. E., M., P. G., P., H., L., Library.
Wrightsvi11e, N. L. Warthen Institute (8), W. E. Lumley. 4, C. D. E., M., P. G., P., B., Phy., H., L., Gr., Library, Lab.
LIST OF SCHOOLS TO BE EXAMINED.
Wrens, Sparks, Morganton, Molena, Marshallville, Ringgold, Royston, Acworth, Baxley, Conyers, Hahira, Mount Zion, Shellman, Temple, Lavonia, Brewton, Canon, Crawford, Coleman, Cairo, Darien, Villa Rica, Cuthbert, Cochran, Perry, Pembroke, Colquitt, Norwood, Soperton, Waverly Hall, Brinson, Buford, Concord, Reynolds, Dalton, Danville, Fairmount, Grayson, Jesup, Kingston, Lawrenceville, Logansville, Lumber City, Mansfield, Milltown, Mount Vernon, Newborn, Oglethorpe, Savannah-Somerville Academy, Statham, Sylvester, Watkinsville, Buchanan, Fairburn.

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LIST OF ACCREDITED HIGH SCHOOLS JUST ADMq.'TED.
Washington Seminary (S), Atlanta; Lavonia High School (M); Lawrenceville High School (S); Sylvester High School (M) ; Temple High School (M) ; Villa Rica High School (M); Rockmart High School (S); Mt. Vernon Baptist High School (M); Sparks Collegiate Institute (S); Somerville High School (M), Savannah.

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ELEEMOSYNARY INSTITUTIONS.
GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF,
CAVE SPRING, GA.
CHARACTER OF THE SCHOOL. The Georgia School for the Deaf, as its name implies, ib strictly a School for the education of those persons who are too d1eaf to receive instruction in the common schools. Those persons who are dumb but not i/)eaf are not entitled to the benefits of the School, as they can be educated by the methods used in the common schools, if they can be educated at all. The methods here are adapted for deaf person's and not for the hearing. The School is neither an asylum nor a charitable institution, unless other public schools, and the various branches of the State University rank as such.
LOCATION. The School is located at Cave Spring, in Floyd county, and is easily accessible from all parts of the State. It has a department for white people and one for negroes, which are entirely separate and distinct, except as to superintendence.
THE SCHOOL- IS NON-SECTARIAN.
Sunday School is held for an hour each Sunday morning, in which the International Sunday School Lessons are used as far as practicable, and in the afternoon a lecture of about a half hour's duration is delivered in

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the chapel, in the sign-language, the subject of the lecture being the lesson for the next Sunday. Every pupil is required to attend these exercises.
Should any officer be found trying to inculcate the peculiar doctrines of his particular church, it would be considered sufficient cause for dismissal, if persisted in.
OBJECT OF THE SCHOOL.
The primary object of the School is to give to the dear such a knowledge of the English language as will enable them to use it in pursuing the usual avocations of life. The next most important object is to give them instruction in one or more branches of handicraft, as the great majority of them must of necessity, on account of their affliction, rely on something of this kind for earning a livelihood. Along with these, they are given instruction in Geography, Grammar, History, Natural Philosophy, Arithmetic and Penmanship, or in other words, it is endeavored to give them a practical common school education.
Articulation and lip-reading are taught to those pupils, who after a prolonged trial, are found to possess the requisite ability to warrant its continuance.
INDUSTRIES.
Boys are given instruction in printing, wood-working, wood-carving, painting, shoe-making, blacksmithing and gardening.
Girls are taught plain sewing, cutting and fitting, cooking, and it is intended to introduce other suitable industries in the near future.
A given number of both boys and girls are given lessons in drawing in charcoal, crayon, water-color,

370
pencil, and pen and ink sketching, mechanical drawing, in designing, and in modeling in clay, as well as in woodcarving.
Of course the degree of progress made on these lines, depends almost entirely upon the individual effort made by the pupil.
CLOTHING.
A uniform of neat appearance, and of substantial rna terial, has been adopted by the Board of Trustees., for both the male and" female pupils, which they are required to wear at all times, not only at school, but in coming to and in going therefrom, and as no deviation will be allowed from this rule, parents will save themselves the useless trouble and expense of furnishing other outer clothing than that prescribed by the Board of Trustees.
Pupils must bring with them and keep on hand, the number of articles of each kind prescribed in a list, which will be sent upon application, and a list of the articles sent with the pupil, upon entering school at the beginning of each term, should always be placed in the trunk, so that the Matron can check them up and enter them in a book kept for the purpose.
LETTER WRITING.
Pupils who can do so are required to write home at least once a month, and for those who can not, the principal will write, and for this purpose stamps should be furnished each pupil.
BUSINESS LETTERS AND PACKAGES.
All business letters, or letters of inquiry, and all notices or directions in regard to pupils, must be ad-

371
dressed to the principal, and not to subordinates, (officers or employees) otherwise no attention will be paid to them.
All moneys intended for the children had best be sent direct to the principal, and he will be responsible for it, otherwise not.
All letters, and packages, either by mail, freight or express should contain the name of the pupil plainly written, and the words, Georgia School for the Deaf, as part of their address, otherwise they may not be delivered, for neither the postmaster nor railroad agent are supposed to know the names of the pupils.
OVERSIGHT.
While all reasonable oversight will be exercised at all times, the Institution is not a place of confinement, and can not be responsible for the safety of truant pupils, nor for injuries received during the infraction of the rules, neither is it responsible for the safety of pupils in transit to and from home.
WHO ARE ENTITLED TO ADMISSION.
All persons in the State between the ages of seven and twenty-five years, who are too deaf to be educated in the common schools, and who are otherwise in a condition mentally and physically to receive instruction profitably, and free from any immoral conduct or contagious disease", shall be entitled to admission as pupils to all the privileges of the respective departments of the ~orgia School for the Deaf, free of cost, to remain such a number of school terms or portions thereof as the Board of Trustees, upon recommendation by the principal, shall see proper to grant; provided, no pupil shal) be allowed to remain more than twelve terms.

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In case parents or guardians are unable to furnish the pupil with such clothing as may be prescribed by the Board of Trustees, such clothing may be supplied by the authorities of the School free of cost, upon certificate of the Ordinary of the county from which the pupil comes, with his official seal attached, that said parent or guardian is not in a pecuniary condition to futnish said clothing. All pupils may be furnished shoes from the shop free of cost.
In cases of great destitution, which fact may be made to appear by certificate of the Ordinary of the county, under seal, from which the pupil comes, the railroad fare of such pupil, coming to and going from the School, may be paid from the support fund of the School.
In cases where pupils have no homes to which they ca,n be sent for the vacation, the Board of Commissioners of the county from which they come, or other proper authority, shall make the necessary provision for their care during vacation.
How TO OBTAIN ADMISSION.
It is necessary that applications for the admission of pupils be made in form, and any person who desires to enter a child as a pupil, will be furnished the necessary blanks for this purpose, together with all necessary information, when the principal is asked to do so.
All communications should be answered by return mail, or as promptly as circumstances will admit.
GENERAL INFORMATION.
School opens usually about the middle of September and closes about the first of the following June, and it is very important that pupils should! enter promptly at the opening and remain to the close of the. term.

373
Except in cases of serious sickness or death in the immediate family it must be distinctly understood that the pupils will not be allowed to visit their homes during the session. Of course parents have the power to remove their children at any time they see proper to do so, but in case this is done, they will not be allowed to return until the opening of the next term in the September following. This rule has been rendered necessary from the fact that, several times, epidemics have been introduced by returning pupils, and this means a demoralization of the School for at least two months and sometimes longer.
VISITING OF PARENTS OR GUARDIANS.
It is earnestly urged upon parents to come with their children upon their first admission, so that they may see for themselves just what will be their surroundings, and for this purpose they will be entertained at the Institution for one day only, and this without cost. After the first time, however, if th~y choose to visit their children, which they have the privilege of doing, and which the authorities of the school are glad to have them do at any time, they will be expected to find accommodation outside the Institution, as they can not be entertained in it, and they will save themselves mortification, and others the unpleasant duty of refusing, by not asking it.
CASUAL VISITORS.
Persons visiting Cave Spring or vicinity, or others, are always welcome as visitors, from 9 a. m. to 1 p. m.,
and from 2:30 p. m. to 4 :30 p. m., on any day of the
week except Saturday and Sunday, when admission can only be had to the grounds, or to the Sunday School exercises and the Lecture.

374
The Grounds are not to be considered as a public park, and are not opened as such, and visitors are expected to observe due decorum, and to refrain from molesting the flowers or shrubbery, otherwise they will be ejected.
Any further information concerning the School will be furnished upon application to the Principal.
Address,
W. O. CONNOR, Georgia School for the Deaf, Cave Spring, Ga.

375 /
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
MACON, GA.
Organization for the year 1908. Board of Trustees.
Ben C. Smith, Chairman; A. L. Miller, Wm. H. Felton, Jr., ~eo. B. Jewett, T. D. Tinsley, Jno. L. Hardeman, J. R. Van Buren.
Officers and Teachers. G. F. Oliphant, Superintendent; Miss Colie Duffee, Stenographer.
WHITE SCHOOL.
Literary Department. Miss Susie Howard, Miss MatibelPope, Mrs. Nettie Leitner, W. H. Childs, Miss Lilla Morel, Miss Emma Jones, Welborn Rountree.
Music Department. E. H. Mc:N"eil, Director; Miss Nellie Reynolds, Miss Janie Hendrix, W. S. Cargile, Wm. E. Cooper, Monitor; Miss Ethel Tippens, Monitress.
Manual Training. F. T. Perrigo, Walter Bailey.
Medical Department. Dr. C. C. Harrold, Physician; Dr. Thos. H. Hall, Oculist; Dr. C. H. Peete, Oculist, (Died April 13, 1908.)

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Household Department. Mrs. B. G. Thomas, Housekeeper; Mrs. S. A. McKay, Boys' Supervisor; Miss Belle Campbell, Girls' SuperVIsor.
COLORED SCHOOL.
Nancy Williams, Principal.
Literary Department.
Sarah McKinley, Willie Gaither.
Music Department. Julia Williams.
Manual Training.
Ben H. Woodward.
HISTORY.
The Georgia Academy fer the Blind was founded in 1851 as the result of the efforts of Mr. W. S. Fortescue, a graduate of the Pennsylvania Institute for the Blind. The necessary funds were secured by private subscription, and the Academy for the Blind was opened in the city of Macon with four pupils, Mr. W. S. Fortescue being the first principal. In January, 1852, the legislature of Georgia passed an act establishing the Georgia A.cademy for the Blind and appropriated $5,000 for its support. This appropriation has been continued since that time, and increased from time to time as the circumstances required.
The school for negroes was established in 1881, and although under the same board and superintendent, has always had separate grounds and buildings.

377
LOCATION.
The white department of the Academy for the Blind now occupies the new building, located in Vineville, a suburb of Macon. This building was completed in 1907 and with the grounds represents an outlay of approximately $125,000.
It is somewhat curious that the new building is modeled after the building of the school at Philadelphia, which sent out the founder and first principal of this institution.
The building is of brick, with artificial stone trimmings, tile roof, cement porches and is lighted by electricity, heated by steam throughout and supplied with water from the city mains.
The grounds compose twenty acres, and when improved according to plans already made, they promise to be unusually beautiful.
The negro scho'ol is located within the city limits of Macon, at 247 Madison street, at a distance of about two miles from the white school. The main building is a three-story brick structure, supplied with gas and water. The grounds contain about three and one-half acres.
PURPOSE OF THE ACADEMY.
The school is designed for the education of children whose sight is so defective as to prevent their pursuing successfully a course of study in the ordinary schools. To this end it is necessary to train their remaining senses as carefully as possible in order to make them accurate sources of knowledge; to afford them the same opportunities as other children to become acquainted with the facts of human history and achievement as recorded in books; to teach them to study and to train

378
them in correct thinking; to develop sound bodies and sane minds; to teach them to obey properly constituted authority (which has usually been sadly neglected in the early training of blind children) ; to train their emotions to give appropriate and proportionate response to the influence of the varying degrees of right and wrong; in short, to give them an opportunity to prepare themselves for pleasure and service-for the more abundant life which is the purpose and privilege of every human existence. As incidental to all this-to train them, if possible, to be independent, self-supporting citizens in stead of public charges.
THE WORK OF THE SCHOOL.
During the year 1908 there were enrolled at the Georgia Academy for the Blind 117 pupils, of whom 86 were white, and 31 colored. In the white school there were 41 boys and 45 girls. In the colored. school there were 20 boys and 11 girls.
There has been decided improvement in the work of the school over that of the previous year. The courses in the music and the industrial departments have been considerably enlarged, and as a result better work has been done in these dep~rtments and the reflex influence of the increased interest has shown itself throughout the schoo1.
The courses of study as at present outlined covers ten years' work, and is intended to give a preparation equal to that given in the standard grammar school of seven years and the High School with a three years' course. As a matter of fact, we are not now accomplishing the same amount of work as the best schools for seeing children accomplish, but we are striving toward that end, and hope to attain it before a great while.

379
In muise, we give more varied instruction than is given in schools for seeing children of the same grade, for the reason that blind people who have sufficient ability more readily earn a living by means of music than in any other way. Our pupils are instructed in voice culture, chorus singing, piano, violin, flute, cornet, clarinet, pipe organ, theory, harmony and musical history.
The Academy has a two-manual pipe organ which has been recently rebuilt and is ,in excellent condition.
In manual training the school gives instruction in sloyd, wood work, broom making, chair caning; shoe cobbling and piano tuning. During 1909 we hope to put in operation a department of manual training for the girls.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.
Any citizen of Georgia may enter his child as a pupil in the Georgia Academy for the Blind, provided the following conditions are complied with:
1. The child's sight must be so defective as to make it impossible to pursue successfully the course of study in the common schools. (They need not be totally blind.)
2. The child must be between the ages of six and eighteen years.
3. The applicant must be sound in body and mind. (This is not an asylum and is no place for idiots or invalids.)
4. The applicant must be abl,e to dress and undress himself.
5. The parent must furnish a sufficient supply of
sl1itable clothing-must pay the pupil's railroad fare to

380
the academy and return, and must take the pupil home during vacations.
The State will furnish all necessary books and school supplies, board, laundry, medical attention, including the service of an oculist when needed, and necessary medicines.
Pupils can not be withdrawn from school during the school year without the consent of the superintendent. If this is done, the pupil's rights are thereby forfeited. Leaves of absence may be granted by the superintendent when the circumstances warrant it.
The school year begins the second Wednesday in September and closes on the second Wednesday in June in each year.
How TO SECURE ADMISSION.
Write to the superintendent of the Georgia Academy for the Blind and ask for an application blank, which will be sent you promptly. As soon as you receive the blank, answer carefully and fully all the questions in it, and return at once to the superintendent. You will then be no~ified whether the applicant will be admitted as a pupil, and full directions will be given as to when the pupil should be sent. Do not under any circumstances send a child to the academy until directed to do so by the superintendent.
How TO REACH THE ACADEMY.
Persons in Macon wishing to visit the white school, should take the Vineville street car, which passes the Union depot, and ask to be put off at the Academy for the Blind. The street car stops directly in front of the main building.

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To reach the negro school, take the Cemetery Belt street car and ask to be put off at Hendrix alley. The school building is at the end of this alley and one block from the car line.
PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS.
As the report of the State School Commissioner wilI be read by educators and people interested in the education and welfare of the children of the State, it offers an unusual opportunity to reach a class of people of unusual intelligence and philanthropic interest in children. I desire therefore to solicit their interest and cooperation in a matter which should appeal strongly to every lover of children. I feel sure that some of the faets in the case are not generally known, and it will need zealous and earnest missionaries to carry the truth to those dark corners from which so many of the blind children come. Can you not do something in this way toward making men and women free f There is only one reliable formula for freedom-"Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free."
It is a fact which is probably not generally known that more than twenty-five per cent. of all the pupils in schools for the blind have become blind from causes which are absolutely preventable. By far the most common cause is the infection of the child's eyes at the time of birth, known to physicians as "ophthalmia neona torum." It is rare that a child is "born blind." Within a few days after birth "the child's eyelids become red and swollen and a yellowish secretion may be seen forming and discharging from the eyes. The nurse should at once call a physician, and in the meantime carefully cleanse the eyes by wiping them with a clean

382
piece of cloth or absorbent every half hour until the physician arrives. Care should be taken to .burn the cloth or cotton used at once, as the matter is highly infectious and may destroy the sight of even adults."
Dr. F. Park Lewis, chairman of the New York commission for the blind, who is an authority on this subject, says: "This is one of the commonest and, at the same time, one of the most dangerous maladies of the eyes to which the child is subject. It is not confined to the tenement district; it may occur in any class of society." To this I would add that in the tenement district there is less likely to be a competent nurse or doctor, and so the disease oftener runs its course without detection and without treatment. In some cases the infection is not sufficient to destroy sight at once, but it does its work none the less surely, and many children who lose their sight without any apparent cause after they have entered the public schools, owe their affliction to infection at birth.
Many States have laws to protect their infant citizens, as yet Georgia has none, although it is "a consummation devoutly to be wished." All good citizens should work for the passage of such a law, and meanwhile each ill his own small corner should try to protect the babies as far as may be possible.
DEFECTIVE SIGHT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
When achild in the public schools, previously bright, studious and attentive, begins to be listless and inattentive, unless caused by bad nealth, defective eyesight 01 hearing should be suspected, and examination made at once. Many children lose their sight by being forced to use their eyes when temporarily weak, or by using

383
their eyes without the aid of suitable glasses. Blindness could be decreased and the sight of public school children improved by requiring the teachers in the common schools to test the eyesight of their pupils by the methods used in the Philadelphia public schools. Both the hearing and sight of all children in the schools should be tested at least once a year. Aside from the cruelty in permitting one of these little ones to be condemned to the" long night," it pays to save them from blindness or deafness as a matter of economy. To educate one of these defectives will cost the State approximately $2,500, and then the chances are probably five to one that he will not be as successful a wage-earner or wealth-producer as a normal person of equal intelligence.
HELP TO FIND THE CHILDREN.
There are doubtless many children in Georgia who should be in the Georgia Academy for the Blind, and are not, for the reason that their parents are not fully acquainted with the provisions made for their education. ,Ve request citizens everywhere, and especially school officials, to put us in touch with such cases by sending to the superintendent the addresses of the parents of blind children. If we are to give them the best service they should be placed in school before they are ten years old, in some cases much earlier.
THE ADULT BLIND.
Other States are undertaking systematic work for the education of the adult blind, who have become blind after reaching adult years. More than fifty per cent. of the blind lose their sight after they are twenty years old. These need more sympathy and help than any

384
other class of the blind. As a preliminary step towards organizing this work I would be pleased to have the addresses of any citizens of Georgia whose sight is so defective that they can not read ordinary print.
It will take some time to get ready to start this work, and will need the intelligent and sympathetic co-opera- tion of a large number of citizens.
You are earnestly requested to be one of the "tenth legion."
Address all communications to
G. F. OLIPHANT,
Superintendent, Georgia Academy for the Blind, Macon, Georgia.

385

PENAL INSTITUTIONS. FULTON COUNTY INlJUSTRIAL FARM.
Honorable JERE POUND, State School Commissioner, Atlanta, Ga.

SIR: The law authorizing the establishment of

juvenile prisons passed the Legislature in 1893, but it

did not meet the views of those advocating such work,

so nothing came of i.t ti111900, when an amendment was

secured, under which Fulton County by a vote of her

citizens, established the Fulton County Industrial Farm.

In 1901, before the Institution was formally opened,

another amendment was secured, which contained the

provisions desired.

The Institution received its first wards on February

19th, 1902. The first requisites were, good buildings,

water, heat and light.

'

We have two comfortable buildings; one of brick,

the other of concrete reinforced with brick, the two cap-

able of properly caring for one-hundred (100) wards, including an infirmary. There are now on our roll

seventy-two, out on parole seventy-four.

Water is secured at an elevation sufficient to give a

good pressure by means of a hydraulic ram; heat, by

hot air furnaces, and gas by the use of carbide and

water.

The three dormitories are furnished with single iron

beds. The two school rooms are furnished with the best desks.

13de

386
Wards are given three hours a day in the essential elements of an English Education, the balance of the time being given to industrial pursuits and play.
We are equipped so as to have work for all kinds of weather. In suitable weather for gardening we garden, in rainy weather and when it is extremely cold, we mend shoes and harness, work in blacksmith and wood shops, and put cane bottoms in chairs for the factory.
Each day at noon wards are allowed to play under proper restraint as at school. Once a week we have base-ball; once a week, house games, and twice a week singing. On Sundays we have Sunday School in the morning, preaching in the afternoon and song service in the evening.
Wards on entering the Institution are put under strict military discipline. In most cases we find it necessary at first to give attention to, their self-conceit by showing them that there is no honor in being guilty of a disgraceful act, taking the ground that sensible boys value a good name and a good character. As a rule we find some points in their disposition, which can effectually be used to their advantage.
First, we command his obedience at any price. Then by just and considerate treatment, gain his confidence, and an influence over his behavior by proving to him that we have his good at heart.
In disciplining we endeavor always to be deliberate and just, appealing as far as possible to his sense of right. The greatest power is obtained over the young by feeling a genuine interest in their success.
The Atlanta Dental College, once a year, kindly looks after the teeth o::f the wards, the county only having to pay car fare.

387
.As far as practicable all requests and complaints are made in writing; politeness is taught by requiring them to be polite to one another. We also grade them on table manners; have the blessing at the table in concert, and the Lord's prayer in concert at bed time.
They are encouraged to say their prayers individually as they retire, but great care is taken to avoid allowing this fact to have any bearing on their records. We impress upon them that Christianity is too sacred t9 be used for carrying a point-that it must be genuine and that it is a matter of conscience and one must never use a profession of faith in our Lord for an unworthy purpose.
We endeavor to have them be sincere and offer no temptations to cause them to profess more than they feel; to show them how much the church is worth to true followers in helping them to overcome temptations and vice in this world, and to a glorious spiritual life after death; also, to impress upon them that life is short, and full of trials and that it is cowardly to complain. 1,Ve advise them to get all there is for them in this world, be prepared for the next, and accept all the trials, which they can not legitimately and honorably escape, on the idea that: "Human endurance ought to be equal to human calamity."
If he so desires each ward is assigned a piece of ground lOx20 feet for a private garden, the county giving him the seed and fertilizer, and allowing him to have the proceeds to dispose of as he sees fit.
While we- give them as a rule plain, but wholesome food, we endeavor to allow them as far as is consistent with economy to have part of all luxuries raised on the farm; and three times a year they have a big dinner;

388
namely, on July 4th, Thanksgiving day and Christmas day. On Sunday afternoons roasted peanuts which they raise themselves are served in winter, while fruits and watermelons are served in summer.
The wards with regular employees do practically all building and repairs needed on the Farm; with the idea that it is more economical and a good training for the boys.
As to parole wards, it is difficult for them to be satisfied with a job. They commence with good resolutions, but soon find themselves becoming more and more interested in matters not connected with their work, and the old habits which had become a part of them before being sent to the Farm, gradually undermine their good resolutions and they drift into the old ruts almost before they know it. It frequently happens that a letter or a visit will get tl}.em back into line. If not, they are brought back and given (as we term it) a post-graduate course. After a few breaks, they generally fall in line and give us no more trouble.
More than 80 per cent. of those so far paroled have done well, and are now making their living honestly. Since organization we have had two to escape, who have never been captured.
On the Farm are raised hogs, cows, chickens, pigeons, and a great variety of vegetables, including corn, oats, wheat, barley, potatoes and peas. Of these the surplus is consumed by the Public Works Department of the county and sold in the markets of Atlanta, or are canned for sale and winter use on the Farm,

389
SUGGESTIONS AS TO OUR NEEDS IN GEORGIA.
Parents should be called before the court to answer for an offense committed by their child. When a child is arrested it ought to be carried home and a case made against the parents, not the child, for whatever offense it has committed. If parents prove that they have done their duty and are incapable of controlling the child, then it should be taken from them and placed where it may have an opportunity for learning to be useful, and society relieved of its annoyance. Should parents be unable to show except for reasons above stated that they have given the child that attention and care, which duty requires of all parents, they should be punished for the child's offense.
J ails and courts should not become familiar to children, for early impressions are the most lasting, and being once embittered may ever after regard them not .as institutions for their protection, but rather as institutions for their humiliation and persecution. It places the children on the wrong side of the question. Children should be taught that court officers of all kinds are for their protection, and they should not be afraid of them.
Parents should not too easily throw off the responsibility of supporting their children; even when taken away, they should still be required as far as practicable to support them.
TRUANTS AND EXPELLED CHILDREN.
All large cities should maintain one truant school, centrally located for teaching suspended and expelled children, managed by thoroughly competent and active teacherI'. ni.ded by truant officers, whose duty it should

390
be to become acquainted with the children, locate their homes and bring them to school when reported by the principal.
Once assigned to this school, a child should be required to remain at least one year, before being allowed to resume his place in the regular school; said school should have two sessions, the pupils being required to bring lunches and spend the noon hour on the premises in charge of a teacher, thus avoiding congregating on the streets in the afternoons.
Should a young boy be seen loafing about the streets unaccompanied by an older person after eight p. m., he should be carried home and a case made against the parents for not properly caring for him. If holding the parents responsible and the truant school fail to reach the case, our next hope is the probation court and its officers. This should have a thorough and patient trial, as we are now rapidly reaching the end of the chain.
THE INSTITUTION FOR DELINQUENTS.
When the probation officers fail to overcome the evil tendencies sufficiently to have the ward become a fit subject for society, we must resort to institutions, prepared to care for him twenty-four hours a day. This should not be larger than necessary for a complete equipment and should not be too far from his home. Here strict military discipline should be maintained and wards should be taught to work as well as to read.
All prison features, as far as possible, and all prison terms should be left out of the laws, establishing such institutions and out of rules by which they are managed. The training should be such as to enable a ward when

391
paroled to make his support at once, and should not be released until those in authority believe he will do so.
After a full, fair and honest effort to reclaim wards in an institution for the delinquent or neglected, if there should be some, who by their behavior prove themselves beyond any doubt to be degenerates, that their presence in the institution is injurious to others and of practically no value to themselves, they should be returned to the court committing them, to be transferred elsewhere.
As time is so precious and change so sweet to this class, being ignorant as to the value of character, a ward should not be transferred, except for the best of reasons and not under eighteen years old.- Otherwise some would play bad, that they might go to prison for a shorter term.
These provisions are now being satisfactorily enforced in some States, the subjects being passed on in one State by an association, in another the ward is re~ turned to the court committing. The objection to this course is found in the danger of the administration being too quick to declare a ward incorrigible, in order to be relieved of a troublesome boy.,
In one State the accused is sentenced as any other offender and sent to the institution with the provision that the sentence is to become void, if he remains on the E'arm till released by the proper authority and proves capable of improving his opportunities, otherwise he is returned to the court and suspended sentence enforced. In cases where the accused is small or the offense one not showing depravity, it would not be best to allow a sentence of such a grave nature passed on him.
In all corrective work the feature to be considered nbove all others, is the men and women who are to direct

392
them. Give us sensible humane men and women, whose hearts are in the work and who are intelligent and patient, and we can dispense with a great deal of the theory. It is heart with heart, the prestige of one personality over another in ~he end, that influences for good or bad.
The above remarks are intended to reach all perverse and delinquent children, let them be so from over indulgence, neglect, brutal treatment, or so by nature.
Escaping from an institution for correction should be made a felony; that a ward who escapes to another State may be extradited. This is necessary, since it is very important to capture them when they attempt to ignore the law by defiance; besides, when the wards are made to know that they must obey the law, sending them to an institution, they more readily apply their energies in the right direction, and may be treated with so much more consideration.
It follows that many will play pretty boy just to make their record, but while they put forth their energies in this direction which requires considerable self~ control and will, they strengthen their character, and, whether they will or not, make necessity a virtue and in most instances get their hearts into doing right in spite of their intentions at the beginning.
One, who after four years in a reformatory, and wlio has for some years been an honest bread winner, advises against such a place. He was sent to the said institution after every effort possible was made to get him to leave off his evil ways. He gave no reasons, except that he was badly treated. A patient has frequently been heard to say, after he got well, that the doctor's Inid

393
medicine did him no good and has even refused some times to pay his bill.
In closing I wish to state that the Superintendent believes there is good being done, and desires to acknowledge that whatever success has so far been attained is due to the co-operation of the Board of County Commissioners, the harmonious efforts on the part of the officers on the Farm, and the consideration accorded us by the people and the press.
Respectfully submitted,
T . ..:E. MEANS,
Superintendent.

394
BRIEF SUMMARY OF REPORT OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE JUVENILE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION.
For the year 1908.
The Association was chartered January 11, 1908. The Constitution and By-Laws were adopted February 19, 1908.
Early in the year illustrated booklets were printed and sent out.
The Association next put forth efforts to estop the unlawful arrest of children in this and other cities and were to some extent successful.
On April 2d the Legislative Committee began actively to work for legislation on behalf of the Juvenile Court and Probation System in Georgia; and later to get a bill passed looking to an appropriation from the Legislature of $25,000, with which to care for the State's youthful offenders on 100 acres of the Juvenile State Jj--'arm, which were to be conveyed to the State. This involved an expenditure of about $1,340.00 beginning about the first of April and closing with the session of the Legislature.
Branch Associations were formed in Carrollton, Newnan, LaGrange, Eatonton, Columbus and Dawson, Ga.
Children aided during the year in this office and in Branch Associations, approximately 290.
States that have been, and are being, assisted by the Association to secure needed legislation are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Tennessee and Virginia.

395
. The net proceeds on the Juvenile State Farm were $549.77. This excellent gift of Dr. L. G. Hardman, of Commerce, Ga., is in Jackson County on the Southern Railway in six miles of Athens, Ga., and numbers 426 acres, well watered, and some good timber. The Juvenile Protective Association has a bond for title to this property and a warrantee deed will be made by Dr. Hardman when $25,000 is in the treasury for improve-: ments on the farm. This amount is expected this year, 1909.
rrhe Association has spent about $800.00 on this farm and has now in the treasury about $1,200.00 and good subscriptions amounting to several thousand dollars, and is, at this writing (April 8th, 1909) devising practical business methods for raising the rest of the amount given above.
Prominent Georgians now connected with this movement will see that it succeeds, such men as Dr. L. G. Hardman, President of the Association; Gen. Clifford L. Anderson, First Vice-President; Judge W. R. Hammond, Treasurer; Mr. W. S. Witham, Chairman Finance Committee; J as. L. Anderson, Chairman of Committee on Legislation; E. C. Callaway, J. R. Smith, Frank Eastman, Asa G. Candler, Jas. T. Wright, E. Van Winkle, A. R. Holderby, Henry A. Atkinson, M. Ashby Jones, Joe S. Davis and Crawford Jackson. These gentlemen are also Trustees.
In addition to the above summary, perhaps an extract from our charter will give a clearer idea of the object of this philanthropic corporation. The extract is as follows:
"The general purpose of said corporation is to protect and properly train delinquent and dependent children

396
of the State of Georgia and other States in the United States of America.
"And to this end, they desire the power to establish charitable institutions, of such character, and in such locations in the State of Georgia, and elsewhere, as said corporation may determine upon; in which institutions such delinquent and dependent children may be trained and educated, industrially, morally, intellectually, political1y, and otherwise; with all the powers relative to the commitment, custody, care and indenture of said children in such institution or institutions as may be established by said corporation, and the government thereof, now or hereafter authorized by the laws of Georgia or any other State in which said institutions may be established; and with power and authority to said corporation, through its properly organized Board of Trustees, to make such rules and regulations for the government and control of said institution as in their judgment may be for the best interests of the inmates tliereof, and which are likely to further the purposes of their establishment.
"It is the further purpose of your petitioners, that said corporation shall undertake to cause the organization, throughout the State of Georgia, and in the other States in which it may operate, of Juvenile Courts, and the adoption of the Probation System; and to seek to procure such legislation as may be necessary to accomplish this purpose, looking to the removal from the jurisdiction of the ordinary criminal courts, of wayward and delinquent children, having in view their ultimate reformation and their training as good citizens in the community in which they reside.

397
"The principal place of business of said corporation is to be in the city of Atlanta, and State of Georgia; but petitioners desire that said corporation shall have the right and privilege of establishing branch offices and branch societies or associations, of the same kind and character, in any other part of the State of Georgia, and in other States and Territories of the United States, wherever it may deem wise and proper.
"They desire for said corporation the power to receive donations or bequests from individuals, corporations, or societies, and appropriations from State, municipal and national governments, of money and other property suitable for the purposes of its organization, and to be used in carrying said purposes into effect.
" They desire for said corporation the power to sue and be sued; to make such by-laws, rules and regulations as to the membership in, and thegovernment of, said corporation, as may be deemed best; to hold and own property necessary to the purposes of its organization; to buy and sell the same, whenever in its judgment it is deemed best so to do; to have and use a common seal,: and generally to do and perform all other acts, and to exercise all other powers usual and proper to corporations of this character, and which may be authorized by the laws of this State, and as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of said corporation.
"Wherefore, your petitioners pray that they, their associates and successors, be incorporated under the name and style aforesaid, for the term of twenty (20) years, as provided by law, with all the rights and privileges of renewal that may be authorized by law; and

398
with all the rights, powers, and privileges, and subject to all the limitations set out in the foregoing petition.
CLIFFORD L. ANDERSON,
W. R. HAMMOND, Attorneys for Petitioners.
Granted January 11, 1908."
While the Association has carried on a campaign of education and organization as far as possible throughout the South, it is now our supreme purpose to build on the tract of land spoken of above a well equipped school, home and juvenile commonwealth combined, modeled somewhat after the George Junior Republic at li--'reeville, N. Y.
Our oft quoted creed is : To take a rough, ru.d.....e. boy and lift him up by frequent little touches of love and wisdom, by oft-repeated acts of study and patience, and make of him a shining and useful member of society-this is the art of all arts, and is the more transcendent because the more divine.
Respectfully submitted,
CRAWFORD JACKSON,
General Secretary.

399
SPECIAL SCHOOLS
REPORT OF THE BERRY SCHOOL, ROME, GA.
MARTHA BERRY, Founder and Director.
As this is the first report of the Berry School to the State School Commissioner, it seems in order briefly to review the history and growth of the institution.
About eleven years ago Miss Berry began a Sunday School in a smal110g cabin on her home place, the children of poor tenants on neighboring farms being her pupils. Riding about the" flatwoods," as the surrounding country is known locally, in search of pupils for the school, she found that there was great need of both day schools and Sunday schools in all parts of the county. r.{.'he result was that she built a small schoolhouse near her own home, and either established or revived three other schools in the most needy parts of the county. These four schools she conducted, partly with the aid of the County Board, until a new and better plan formed itself in her mind. Her experience had taught her that the work of the schools was largely undone by the influence of the homes. If a lasting work was to be accomplished, the pupils must be under the infhience of the teachers while at work and playas well as while at study. A boarding-school was needed. So a small dormitory was built and furnished, teachers secured and the Boys' Industrial School was opened January 13, 1902, with five students.
Such was the beginning of the present institution. From the first, growth was rapid; each year there have

400
been more applications for admission than could be accepted, in spite of the fact that accommodations have been increased as rapidly as the resources of the school would allow. From the Boys' Industrial School of 1902, with its 5 students, 83 acres of land, and two small buildings, has grown the present institution, with 150 students, and a plant, including 1,400 acres of land, valued at approximately $150,000.
CHARACTER AND PURPOSE.
The Berry School is a Christian industrial school for country boys. It represents a serious, and thus far apparently successful, attempt to adapt modern education to the needs of the country boy. It draws its students entirely from the rural districts, no boy from the city being admitted. Its aim is, as a visitor has well put it, "to build victorious manhood into the fabric of the nation's life." This it endeavors to accomplish by giving a perfectly rounded education in which are combined mental, moral and industrial training of the highest type.
FACULTY.
The Faculty consists of the Director, Principal, Manager of the Industrial Department, eight teachers, and four instructors in the Industrial Department.
CURRICULUM.
The course of study extends over seven years, divided as follows: Preparatory School, two years; Grammar School, two years; High School, three years. The Preparatory course is intended for those boys and young men who have had very little opportunity to ob-
tain all edlJcation, and is designed to give the fundamen-

401
tals of education in a form adapted to pupils advanced in age but backward in their studies, not from lack of mental ability but from lack of opportunity. The Grammar School gives the essentials of a common school education, and prepares the student for the High SchooL In the High School three courses are offered: The Agricultural course, for those students who expect to farm; the Academic course, for those who expect to take up a trade, enter business, or teach in the public
.. common schools; the College Preparatory course, for
those expecting to enter college.
INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT.
Perhaps the feature of the school of greatest interest ip, the industrial department. All the work necessary for the running of the farm, dairy, laundry, shops, kitchen, care of grounds and buildings, and so forth, is done by the boys, under the direction of instructors. Each student works two hours a day. The aim of the industrial department is two-fold: First, to decrease the cost of tuition and board; second, to give the students right views of labor and to train them for effi.., cient service with hands and brains.
SPECIAL FEATURES.
A location well-nigh ideal in its beauty and charm, and therefore possessing the highest inspirational and educative value.
A thorough, required four years' course in the English Bible; which makes for moral strength and purity.
A required two-years' course in music, of great cllltural value.
A student-body carefully selected from a large nUID-

402
bel' of applicants for their physical, mental and moral soundness, eager to get an education and worthy of the best.
A "school spirit" which visitors notice as remarkable.
The" inspiration of the achievement:" The mental and moral upward impulse given to every student who comes under the influence of the great work which the school's founder is doing.
A thorough academic education combined with industrial training in which the practical is not lost sight of in the theoretical.
INFLUENCE.
It may not be out of place to say that, in addition to having had a large share in the establishment of the District Agricultural Schools, this school is constantly being taken as a model for the formation of similar schools in this and other States.
PLANS FOR 1909-1910.
The plans for the next year include, among other things, the following:
A new dormitory, to accommodate seventy-five boys, so as to allow the school to admit two hundred students.
A cannery, thoroughly equipped with best modern machinery.
The complete equipment of our present steam laundry.
Complete equipment for the workshop, and the institution of a course in elementary wood- and iron-workmg.
The lengthening of the school year from eight to eight and one-half months.
ROBT. H. ADAMS, A. M. Principal.

403
WOMANS CLUB WORK
REPORT SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION.
ATHENS, GA., March 27th, 1909.
HON. JERE M.POUND, Atlanta, Ga. DEAR SIR: Since sending in my report of 1907 to
April, 1908, I have attended a number of public meetings in the interest of School Improvement work. Among these were the Conferenc~ for Education in the South at Memphis, the annual meeting of the Georgia Educational Association at Augusta, the annual meeting of the Georgia County School Commissioners at Brunswick, a series of teachers' Summer Institutes, the annual meeting of Georgia Federation of Women's Clubs at Valdosta, the meeting of the. Industrial Educational Association in Atlanta. I had an appointment to attend the S. C. Educational meeting in December and to make an address, but the death of a kinsman prevented my' fulfilling this.
At the request of President Soule, I planned and superintended a four days' Conference of Farmers' Wives at the new building of the State College of Agriculture in January, 1909. Although the expenses of this meeting were shared by the College of Agriculture, and by Athens friends and by Mr. George Foster Peabod..:y, who contributed one hundred dollars, it was distinctly a School Improvement meeting, for with a few exceptions the subjects selected were those which tend

404
to bring home and school interests into closer correlation. For instance, the demonstrations and lectures on cooking were not for the purpose of showing the audience how to cook, but how this instruction is given in the Domestic Science work of Normal Schools and how it can be given in the grammar grade schools.
The out-of-town visitors were mainly representatives from county School Improvement Clubs, or Mothers' Co-operative Circles. We had a choice selection of the best trained and most successful people as speakers.
One luncheon was given for all the visitors to the Farmers' Conference, then in session, the lady visitors, the faculty of the Agricultural College and the students. This was served in the spotles's and beautiful dairy room of the College. Some Athens friends and a delegation of young ladies from the Senior class of the Normal School aided in serving this luncheon, which was evi~ dently enjoyed by everyone. On other days coffee and tea were served to the visitors from the country who brought dinners and spent the day. These creature comforts were shared by their husbands who were very appreciative.
We had on exhibition a group of pictures from Miss Martha Berry's school at Rome, a similar group fr'om the Georgia Normal and Industrial College, at Milledge~ ville, and a large collection of views of country school houses, good ones, bad ones and the indifferent ones.
The Domestic Science Department of the Augusta Public Schools, through the courtesy of Miss Holt, principal, contributed a choice exhibit of hand work by the pupils in her charge. The McGregor Book Company, of Athens, loaned a choice selection of books suitable for school libraries, and two Carnegie Traveling Librar-



405

ies were loaned by Mrs. Eugene Heard, of Elberton. There was exhibited also a large selection of labor-saving utensils and appliances, including the latest improvements for cooking, alcohol stoves, steam and fireless cookers.
The attendance at these meetings was not very large, except on the last day, but the good results already gained from them are quite flattering.

During the session of the University Summer School of 1908, our School Improvement Club workers held an interesting meeting, at which the achievements and plans of this especial line of endeavor were so well explained, that good work has followed as a direct result of interest then created. Previous to that date I had visited several counties, and had organized some promising clubs among country school children, and had delivered addresses in a half dozen places. On account of illness in our household, I could not attend this meeting at the Summer School and was compelled to cancel all engagements for August and September. During these months I carried on the supervision of Clubs already at work, and directed the organization of new ones through letters, and by the distribution of literature. In October I visited Monticello; where a club has been quite successful in its work for the improvement of the High School and grounds. During that month, with clerical assistance I sent letters of inquiry concerning progress, to everyone who had ever communicated with me on the subject of improving our country schools. This list included county school officials, teachers in town and country, secretaries of Women's Clubs, Presidents and Chairmen of School Improvement Clubs, and

406
of Mothers' and Teachers' Co-operative Circles, heads of families interested in the subject, and others.
Judging from the small proportion of answers received, our postal system is very deficient, or people do not go for their mail, or going for it, do not read it.
For the sake of economy I used some envelopes without my address, and a goodly number of these went to the dead letter office, although addressed to post-offices from which letters had been mailed, and some from postoffice address furnished me by teachers' list sent me by County School Commissioners.
The good news contained in the answers which did come, fully compensate for the silence of the others. Although our people as a rule do not like to tabulate or report and the statements, in many cases of very thorough work, have not been made in a definite or satisfactory shape, I am confident we have achieved a decided advance on the records of the previous year. This applies mostly to local organizations which have been steadily increasing in numbers and enthusiasm since our last annual report.
As to the organization by counties, I am sorry I have no satisfactory report to furnish.. Two-thirds of the counties have had committees for organization appointed, and some few of these have elected officers and have succeeded in doing some effective work, yet this phase of our campai!,"ll plan is not succeeding as it should. Without full co-operation and efficient work on the part of county officials and educational leaders in the counties, we can not hope for substantial and lasting associations, except through the slower method of local organizations, which will finally call for a broader organization of counties.

407
For this reason we need to make a very active and judiciously planned campaign of speakers and visitors throughout our entire State, especially in those backward counties, remote from cities and hardly yet touched by railroads. To be effective, a series of meetings should be planned for every county, and at a selected number of centres of interest. This line of campaign should be further strengthened by a wide distribution of campaign literature.
As you know, local tax interest and the revival or awakening of interest in the care of the school-houses and grounds are vitally associated, one flourishes where the other has made a way.
The local clubs (and many school patrons not in clubs) have been interested in getting small but carefully selected libraries for the schools in their communities, also pictures and better desks.
Tree planting received a creditable share of attention during the past year, also preparations for school gardens have been given much more attention than formerly. By their artistic work, and thorough cleanliness of the school grounds, some of the Junior Clubs have aroused a spirit of emulation which has led to pleasant improvements in the communities. One case of this class recalls itself. A young man engaged to teach a small school in a very small town, first formed his pupils into a club to better the condition of the school property. He begged the paint from a merchant in a larger town, and persuaded the ladies of the little village to hold some festivals to make money to pay for the work of painting the school house. Having the school house very white, with green blinds, the small band of workers proceeded to beautify the grounds.

408
Bermuda sod was planted in front with a walk curving from the corner of the lot, trees already there were carefully trimmed, shrubbery and roses were planted along the sides of the school lot, not interfering with the playground space, trellises were built, and vines planted to screen outhouses, the well was cleaned, the cover painted, trellis and vines placed there. Then with the help of the big boys the teacher straightened the line of the front of the school property, and made a real, first-class side-walk. Now these things took time, energy and perseverence in the face of rebuffs. The citizens first laughed, then criticised, then "fell to" and helped. In less than a year every house in sight had a fresh coat of paint, and sidewalks were looked upon as necessities rather than novelties.
A coat of paint on the school house had turned the tide of thought, and had created a new mental attitude in the little town. The best results have been shown in the awakening of civic pride, and in an increase of friendly association on the part of the people who have begun to use the school house for all public occasions.
In a number of small towns our School Improvement Clubs have broadened into Civic leagues and "Library and School" clubs. Some have federated with the organization of Women's Clubs. Poplar Spring Club, in Laurens County, is an example, having joined the State Federation soon after its own formation. The Federation has given this school an hydraulic ram to bring the water to the school house from a spring at the foot of the hill behind the church.
Whenever it has been practicable I have urged that the mothers of the country school children form reading circles and meet at least once a month. 111 my personal

409
experience I have seen a great change made in the thought of a rural community by the systematic circulation of such good literature as furnished by Harper's, Century, Scribners' and other leading monthly magazine's, while a first class weekly publication with good illustrations, persistently sent to the neighbors, is worth more than its weight in gold, if ounces of inorganic matter can be an estimate of the subtle and fine changes wrought in the minds of a people awakening to the ambition of knowing something beyond their daily horizon.
Our country people as a rule do not read for the love of it, and therefore they do not understand the need of instilling the love for good literature in the minds of their children, or of having them form the habit of reading. Recognizing this lack our efforts must be directed to a better appreciation of libraries, and a knowledge of their use, and our country communities must have libraries, in order that the children of those communities can have the opportunity for a broad culture during the formative period of their youth. I could cite dozens of instances of the utter lack of books and reading in well equipped comfortable country homes, and these instances would seem humorous if they did not portray the tragedy of narrow, cramped intelligences. The army of our school teachers who are undertaking to teach in the common country schools, in many cases poorly trained themselves, have no helps in reference books, encyclopredias or dictionaries, and often with only poor, dilapidated, and out of date maps. How can these make "bricks without straw?"
Our State can learn something from the object lesson furnished by the State of Ohio. In that State a

410
complete system has been inaugurated by means of which when the patrons of schools can not go to the libraries, the libraries go to them. The Ohio leaders have decided that since it is the duty of a State to educate its people, it is likewise its duty, within reasonable limits, to furnish the means of education.
While conditions vary in the two States, Georgia can easily adopt the best of measures used in Ohio, for the distribution of such necessary books as will help our country schools in accomplishing much more satisfactory work.
Our county officials, teachers and parents are asked to co-operate in plans for furnishing pleasant occupations for the country school children during their long vacations. School contests and rallies can be held in the early autumn, exhibits made by pupils and prizes awarded. These vacation plans can include gardening experiments in corn, cotton, cane and other field crops, the growing of flowers and shrubs and fruit, the care of live stock including chickens. The making of jellies, fruit canning and preserving, bread making, and sewing might be made very successful in the hands of careful and encouraging mothers.
Also courses in reading, music practice, with occasional social meetings to help these, can be directed by some of the School Improvement Club members, or by other adult members of the neighborhood. Such methods of encouraging boys and girls to utilize their vacations, and to find happiness in work, have been productive of good in other States. If tried here they will bring us rich rewards.
Hespectfully submitted,
MRS. W AL'rER B. HILL.

411

PARTIAL LIST OF SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT CLUBS.

Abbeville, R. F. D., Mrs. G. F. McLeod

Alma

Miss Flora Taylor

Acworth

Miss Carnes

Adairsville

Miss Alice Dyar

Appalachee

Miss L. Hutcheson

Ashburn

Mrs. W. J. Turner

Athens, and R. F. D., __Misses Kelley and Misses Bar-

Alpharetta,

rett

Crab Apple School, __Miss Jessie Norris

Alpharetta, R. F. D. Junior School Clubs

Attapulgus, R. F. D. 2_Miss Lena Foster, Junior Club

Bainbridge

Section 'Woman's Club

Blaine

Mrs. B. B. Bradley, Chairman

Barney

-'- Miss Agnes Chapman, Chmn.

Bostwick

Mrs. B. E. Anderson, Pres.

Brewton

Town and School Im-provement

Butler

Club Mrs. H. J. Peayler, Pres.

Brinson

Miss Pearl Heard, Chairman

Bolingbroke

Mrs. Carrie Ewing, President

Beuna Vista

Miss Lizzie H. Nelson

Buchanan

Miss Mary Stone

Bullocksville

Mrs. G. A. Stanford

Calhoun

Committee of Woman's Club

Carlton

Mrs. Rebecca Crow, Pres. Mrs. J. H. Wynn

Canton, R. F. D.

_

Chickamauga

Mrs. C. C. Rudisill

Cumming

Miss Mary Patterson

Crossland

Junior School Club

J. W. Lang, Principal

Clarkesville

Mrs. J. K. Burns

Camilla

Miss O. McClure

Commerce, R. F. D. Miss E. Bradberry

Cartersville, R. F. D. __School Improvement Club re-

ported by teachers

412

Cedartown

Miss L. Sternbern

Cuthbert, R. F. D. No.1Mrs. B. Bayett

Conyers, R. F. D. 3 Rural School Clubs (3 clubs)

Comer, R. F. D.

School Club

Chattooga Co. Clubs,

Lyerly

Mrs. J. L. Pollock (7 clubs)

Clay County

Rural School Clubs, :five

Dalton

-' __Miss Lucy Warmack

Demorest

College Extension Club

Dexter

School Improvement Clubs

Dudley

School Improvement Club

Dublin, Poplar Springs,Miss Emma Perry

Daniellsville, R. F. D.__Miss Nancy White

Deveraux

Mrs. D. L. Butts

Douglasville

Mrs. D. W. Peace

Ellaville
Elberton -=-_-'
Elko, Rural Club, Emerson, R. F. D. Eatonton, R. ]'. D., . Fayetteville
Flint Hill School, Fitzgerald, R. F. D. ]'ort Gaines Flovilla
Fortson

Miss M. Hornady
S. L. Thorn, Rural School Clbs T. S. Coleman, Teacher School Club, W. H. Mincey Miss Kate Snipes Miss Luella Perry
(Oxford P.O.) R. F. D. School Club Mrs. W. B. Gra4am, Co. Pres. Miss Laura Smith Mrs. F. M. Getzen

Gray
Griffin Grady Co. Club Gaston

Village Improvement Club,
Mrs. T. O. Bush, Chairman Womans' Club Committee
Mrs. Rosalind Blacheley,
Chmn. "Voman's Club Com. Mrs. W. B. Roddenberry, Cairo
County President Miss Irene Hill

413

Hancock Co. (Sparta)_Civic Club, Beulah School and

several rural clubs

Hazlehurst

High School- club

Hayston

Mrs. R. L. Hollis

Hartsfield

Rural School, D. H. Purvis

Haddock

Mrs. Kate Fowler, Pres.

Holton

Mrs. L. P. Mims, Teacher.

Hawkinsville, R. F. D._Miss Mattie Pearce

Hubbardsville --

J. C. Murphy, for school clubs

Inman

Miss Effie Landrum

Irwinton, R. F. D. clubsMrs. J. H. Duggan, Co. Pres.

,Jeffersonville, and Mrs. J. Hunter Johnson, R. F. D. Clubs______ County President

Kingston

Rural School Clubs

LaFayette Lavonia Lumber City Lumpkin

Rural School Clubs Rural club, R. J. Crawford Mrs. John D. Vaughn Rural school clubs

Madison Mansfield
Mechanicsville Metcalf Monticello Monticello, R. F. D. Metasville Montezuma
Menlo Morgan Co.

School Improvement reported Mrs. H. M. Speer, and R. F. D,
Club School Club Mrs. J. W. Horne Mrs. Howard Penn
Rural School Clubs Miss Mamie Kirkland Mrs. J. E. Hays, for Woman's
club Mrs. H. C. Anderson
..A number of schools reported

Norcross

---Mrs. Homer V. Jones, Pres. Woman '8 Club

414

Pelham

Mrs. J. R. Clements,

(Woman's Club)

Porterdale, Oak HilL __School Club, J. O.

Teacher

Martin,

Reynolds

School Improvement Club,

Rockmart

C. G. Bylington Miss Julie Tucker

Raynor Oak (R. F. D.)E. A. Lewes (Hickox P.O.)

Raylor, R. F. D.

_

Round Oak

School Improvement Club

Rabun Gap Rochelle

Mrs. W. H. Greenwood Mrs. S. R. Fenn

Smyrna Sylvester Shady Grove Soperton

Mrs. W. M. Pace Mrs. R. A. Holmes, Civic Club Rural Club Miss Nellie Brown

rrifton
Tifton Ty Ty Turin Thomson, R. F. D. Temple Thomasville Twiggs County

Mrs. Orman Daniel, Chairman
for Woman's Club Rural Schools in country Junior School Club Mrs. Byrd Dominick
Miss Pearl Stone Miss Ruth Smith
Miss Merrill, for rural schools Rural School clubs, Mrs. J. H. , Johnson

Villa Rica Vienna, R. F. D.

Miss Fay Austin Miss Maggie Tribble

Warthen

Miss Iris Smith

Waco

Miss Carrie Jeter

Warrenton

Miss Nina Rickettson

Washington, R. F. D.__R. W.Ware, rural school

Woodberry

Mrs. Rochelle M. Gill

Waycross

Rural schools

415

Watkinsville Woolsey
Whigham Winston, R. F. D.,

Miss Annie Thrasher Miss Dora Snead
Miss Sarah Stovall Rural sehoul

The History Club of Fort Valley has a Forestry Committee.
For years the Women's Clubs of Atlanta have been interested in Fulton County schools. They have adopted the Marion Smith School.
The Norcross Woman's Club, Mrs. H. V. Jones, president, offers prizes for the best window box of flowers, and the neatest school room.
Dalton, Ga., City Beautiful Club has organized for civic beauty and improvement. Cemetery and park show the results. This club has an auxiliary in the public schools, the Clean City Club. Buttons are furll.ished by Lesche Clubs, on which are the letters C. C. C. Children are to help keep the wards of the city clean, also to beautify school grounds.
From Haddock School Improvement Club Mrs. J. E. Pitts reports that everyone in that town responds to the call for improving school grounds and streets. The club workers have established a good library in the school, and have earned and used $250.00 since organization.

416
REPORT OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S CLUBS.
Education work over the State was reported at the Valdosta convention by Mrs. Robert Emory Park, chairman of the education committee of the State federation. Mrs. Park's report was as follows:
At the beginning of the year the gen~ral ,chairman , of education, with the approval of the president, di-
vided the work into five departments ofcOK>rdinate importance, each with its own chairman, viz: Kindergarten, Mrs. Nellie Peters Black, chairman; compulsory education, Mrs. Warren Boyd, chairman; 'local taxation, Mrs. Edward T'. Brown, chairman; school improvement, Mrs. Walter B. Hill, chairman; model schools. directors: Habersham county, Mrs. Eugene Lipscomb, Danielsville; Madison county, Mrs. Eugene Heard; Cass Station, Bartow county, Mrs. M. L. J ohnson; 'Watters district, Floyd county, Mrs. J. Lindsay Johnson. Each of these committees has done its work admirably. Mrs. Warren Boyd has created great interest in compulsory education by her active campaign. rhrough the president, Mrs. Walter B. Hill has issued several able pamphlets in the furtherance of school improvement. These pamphlets are heartily commended, and you are urged to apply for them and to form school improvement committees in your clubs. Our club report says: ' 'The lady teachers in our school are all members of our club, and whenever they need help they know they can call on their club for assistance. This spring we got up an entertainment to raise money for some much needed repairs on our school house." This is an ideal relation between school and club.

417
Cherish every model school. You know of the splendid work done for the Tallulah school by your zealous president.
AMOUNT CONTRIBUTED BY CLUB TO EDUCATION.
The sum of nearly $1,700 given by the clubs to Tallulah does not represent all financial aid furnished clubs in education. Some have helped Rabun Gap, , others have given to the Berry Industrial School, one club contributing $25 to that wonderful institution for the training of mountain boys. Only nine clubs sent any reply to a circular letter asking for information as to the amount contributed by each club to educational purposes.
It is told in ancient story that a king held a council at w:hich he listened in silence to the report of each of his five ministers, one after another, and then dismissed them. His Lord Chamberlain said to him in surprise: "Sire, you spoke not a word at your council table." The king replied: "I spoke with five tongues, each one wiser than mine." rt'he example of the wise king is to be commended. Each chairman. will speak of her specialty.
A circular was sent to each chapter president asking her to appoint an educational committee in her club corresponding to the State committee, and divided in the same manner, with the exception that the model schools committee should be a ways and means committee for raising funds for the Tallulah school. So far as reported, only three or four clubs responded to this, deeming it too complicated, perhaps, for study clubs. It is in reality simple, requiring only one or two educational meetings during the year, or an occas-
14-de

418
ional ten minutes of the monthly or semi-monthly meeting of the club. The members could thus be kept abreast of the educational renaissance-crusade is a better word-a vital, living issue, more penetrating and interpenetrating the entire State, than any other force. The Tifton Club was the first to report the appointment of an educational committee. The Atlanta Woman's Club had already an active committee which has this year introduced industrial training into a country school called the Marion Smith, thus putting it in line with our rural model schools, making the fifth in which the federation is demonstrating its practical idea of suiting education to environment.
And just here we will add that we are in a receptive mood, and that when we establish our model farm school our farmer friends are invited to give us~my thing from a pig to a potato, from a cow to a cucumber, from an egg to an engine, and from an axto an "auto."
VYORK FOR NEGRO CHILDREN.
A notable effort has been made by the Athens Woman's Club to establish an Industrial Home for colored children, where they can be cared for and taught while their mothers are at work. It is a step in the right direction, a timely experiment to solve one most difficl1lt social problem.
A unique experiment in industrial education for negro children has been made by Mrs. Eugene Heard at Middleton.
Remember what Groebel says: "The destiny of nations lies more in the heads of women-the mothers-than in all the possessions of power."

419
Women of Georgia, face the situation; rouse you to the work before you. Carry your torches into the recesses of the mountain and the dark places of the valley. Longing hearts and outstretched hands are waiting to receive you. Answer the call of the mountain and the cry of the plain. Let not Georgia girls appeal to northern philanthropists for means to obtain an education. They are our girls. It is our dutyplain, plain, before us. Let us answer the appealing Macedonian cry, "Come and help us!"
A NEW COMMITTEE.
I bring you the good tidings of a new committee, formed by your executive board and ratified by your action this morning, viz.: The student's aid committee, whose object is the accumulation and disbursement of a loan fund for the education of Georgia girls. The initiative in this matter, beneficent and far-reaching in its results, was taken by Mrs. Frank Woodruff, of Atlanta, and will be laid before you by its originator. Suffice it to say that much time and thought have been given to the formation of this committee, and we can assure you tha1 it is splendidly officered. Mrs. H. B. Wey, president; Mrs. Robert Zahner, vice-president; Mrs. Frank Woodruff, secretary; Mrs. David W oodward, treasurer. Give this committee your aid and sympathy.
SCHOLARSHIPS OFFERED TO THE FEDERATION.
,There are already a number of literary scholarships offered to individual clubs, and in consideration of this fact, and to further the work of federation, the executive board have decided to form another

420

committee, called the gift scholarship committee. Mrs. Hugh Willet has been appointed chairman of this com-

mittee, and Mrs. George B. Hinman, of Atlanta, has accepted the chairmanship of the music section.

Through the president of the Atlanta Oity Feder-

ation, Mrs. Sam D. Jones, the Atlanta Conservatory of Music has offered three scholarships to the State feder~

ation, one i? voice, one in piano, and one in oratory.

Miss Willette Allen, principal of the Atlanta Kindergarten Training School, has offered a scholarship in

her admirable institution.

Miss Rosa Woodberry offers tuition for a four years'

college preparatory course to a designated university. This is merely the beginning of scholarships which will

be offered in every section of the State.

The Atlanta Conservatory of Music offers, through

Mrs. Sam D. J ories, president of the city federation, to the State federation three scholarships, as follows:

One in piano, under Professor Henry Hunter Welsh. One in voice, under Professor Paul Schwarz Wagner.

One in oratory, under Miss Sarah Adelle Eastlack.

Each of the above-named teachers is an artist.

The scholarships, under Professor Schwarz Wagner

and Miss Eastlack go to young women of talent unable otherwise to study in the conservatory.

Mr. Welsh makes the following limitations to the

scholarship, which he offers:

1. The scholarship shall be for a male pupil. 2. The candidate shall be between 14 and 20 years

of age.

,

. 3. The candidate must declare to Mr. Welsh per-

sonally his intention of entering the musical profession

us a concert pianist.

421
Candidates will please note that these scholarships are for tuition only and do n01 include board and other expenses.
Candidates will apply at once to Mrs. George B. Hinman, State chairman of music scholarships, 759 Piedmont avenue, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. Hinman has been appointed chairman of the. music section of the gift scholarship committee, and will soon issue a statement concerning the award.
1'he public spirit and generosity of the directors of the Conservatory of Music are deeply appreciated by the women of the federation throughout the entire State. The directors are helping to solve the great problem of which Lanier cries out in the symphony:
"Alas, for the poor to have some part. In YOUI' sweet lands of art,
Makes problems not for head but heart."
MRS. CUNNINGHAM'S OFFER.
Mrs. Robert Cunningham, of Agnes Scott College, Decatur, makes the following offer to the State education committee through the committee on education of Atlanta Woman's Club.
Mrs. Cunningham will deliver either of two lectures which she has been accustomed to give professionally to any club in the federation for the fee of $10.00, which fee Mrs. Cunningham will present in full to the educational work of the federation through the educational committee of the Atlanta Woman's Club, of which she is a member.
This offer applies not only to clubs in the close vicinity of Atlanta, but to clubs through the State.

Traveling expenses will necessarily be added, but :Mrs.

Cunningham will be traveling through. the State on

business of her own, from time to time, and whenever it

is possible to so arrange, all traveling expenses can be

spared the clubs. Those desiring to have one of the

lectures will do well to communicate by mail with Mrs.

Cunningham, and she can then inform them as to when

she will be in their section of the State.

Notice is here given that she will be in South Georgia

the first and second weeks in December.

'

The topics of the lectures are:

1. "How to Know Pictures."

2. "How to Know Sculpture."

3. "Civic Leagues."

The club securing a lecture from Mrs. Cunningham

by payment of the fee of $10.00, can make any use de-

sired of it, either inviting friends or charging an ad-

mission fee.

Address all communicatoins to Mrs. Robert Cunning-

ham, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Ga.

MRS. R. E. PARK.

423
REPORT COMMITTEE ON COMPULSORY EDUCATION.
Mrs. Warren Boyd, chairman; Mrs. W. P. Pattillo, Mrs. Hugh Willet, Mrs. Oscar Peeples, Mrs. A. J. McKelway, Mrs. Mary E. Bryan, Mrs. Sam D. Jones, Mrs. C. B. Wilmer, Miss Sarah Converse, Mrs. Howard Van \Vyck, Mrs. M. A. Lipscomb, ex-officio, Mrs. R. E. Park, ex-officio.
The Committee on Compulsory Education has met but few times, most of its work having been transacted in writing, but it is able to report a strikingly increased public sentiment in favor of a School Attendance Law. Its first object has been to form sub-committees in every federated club in the State, and, to this end, two letters have beep. sent to each club president who had not reported such a committee, asking that one be appointed. While response to these has been by no means complete, we are able to report the following sub-com-. mittees, which have been of untold assistance to the work of the Federation committee: Acworth (Carrie Dyer Reading Club),
Mrs. E. M. Bailey, Mrs. J. A. Reed, Miss Elizabeth Logan.
Augusta (Philomathic),
Miss Louise Nees, Mrs. W. W. Smythe, Mrs.r. B.
Morgan, Mrs. Ed. Platt, Miss Ethel Parks. Bainbridge (Woman's Club),
Mrs. E. M. Donalson, Mrs. G. O. Wheeler, Mrs. R. B. Palmer, Miss Bertha Nussbaum.
Dalton (Lesche Club), Mrs. M. L. Blevins, Miss Lois Morse, Miss Belle McCarty, Miss Bessie Hamilton.

424
Dublin (School Improvement Club), Miss Docia Fordham, Chairman.
Eastman (Kindergarten Association), Mrs. T. H. Edwards, Mrs. Otterbourg, Mrs. J. D. Herrman, Mrs. J. M. Bohannon, Mrs. O. Pharr.
I
Fitzgerald (Woman's Club), Miss Mary Lobingier, Mrs. J. M. McDonald.
Haddock (School Improvement Club), Mrs. J. N. Holloway, Mrs. J. A. Pitts, Miss Fidelle Miller.
Jewell (Entre Nous), Mrs. M. M. Kendrick, Chairman, (Mayfield, Ga.)
Kingston (Woman's Club), Miss Bell Baylus, Miss H. L. Hargin, Miss S. H. Mayson, Mrs. C. Irby.
Montezuma (Current Events), Mrs. A. J. Cheves, Chairman; Mrs.T. E. _DeVaughan, Mrs. J. E. Hays, Miss Mamie Lewis, Miss Pattie Sparks.
Norcross (Woman's Club), Mrs. T. E. Johnson, Miss Floy L. Norris, Miss Bertie E. Harmon, Mrs. H. V. Jones.
Thomasville (Study Class), Mrs. Z. I. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. Theodore Titus, Mrs. Agnes Hudson, Mrs. Lee, Wylley, Miss Luch Lester, Miss Madge Beverley.
. Tifton (Twentieth Century Library Club), Mrs. J. L. Pickard, Chairman.
Valdosta CWymodausis), Mrs. R. Alex Peeples, Mrs. R B. Daniel, Mrs. L. M. Talbot.

425
'Vest Point (Woman's Club), Miss F.C. J <?nes, Chairman.
Woodbury (Once a Week), Miss Gussie Bruce, Chairman.
Additions and corrections to the above list will be gratefully received by your Chairman.
Another prime object of your Committee has been to gain the cooperation and interest of various State and city organizations, and we are glad to report that a number of prominent organizations have endorsed the movement for such a law. Many of these did so on request of their own members, without the initiative of this Committee, but the list of organizations which have endorsed such a law now includes, beside our State Federation and several of its most active clubs, the State Women's Christian Temperance Union, the State Sociological Society, the North Georgia Methodist Conference, the State D. A. R., and, yo-q.r Chairman is informed, the State U. D. C. The Atlanta City Federation of 'Women's Clubs and the State branches of the Southern Association of College Women have had special presentations of the subject and have heartily endorsed it.
On the request of the Chairman of this Committee, the subject was added to those discussed by the Southern Educational Association at its meeting in Atlanta during'the Christmas holidays, 1908, and the discussion proved most interesting and valuable.
Dr. Brown, United States Commissioner of Educa-
'V tion, has promised to address the Southern Association
of College omen on that subject in Atlanta in April, and a number of the State educational organizations have been asked to put the subject on their programs

426
for discussion. Appeals for assistance for schools and clubs that are debating the topic come frequently to your Chairman and prove a growing' popular interest.
Your Committee is at present circulating a petition asking for a school attendance law for the next Legislature, copies of which have been sent to all sub-chairmen on compulsory education, to all the presidents of the Federated Clubs whose names are given in the 1907-8 Yearbook, and to a number of other interested organizations.
Through the generosity of a friend to educational legislation, a small sum for printing and postage has been placed at the disposal of your Chairman to aid in this campaign, and there are now being prepared a series of little leaflets and pamphlets that will be distributed to the members of the Legislature before their meeting in Atlanta. A number of similar circulars have been sent out to the sub-committees and to the club presidents.
In conclusion, we would urge the personal cooperation of every member of the Federation in work for the passage of such a law. It is no experiment. Prussia has had compulsory education for two hundred years, and almost all the great countries of Europe and the greatest of our States require school attendance by law, in order to protect themselves and tbe children from the ignorance or avarice of parents.
Thirty-three of our States have complete systems; five or more others have special city or county systems. Kentucky and Missouri have such laws; North Carolina has passed a sort of local option law; South Carolina, Alabama, and other Southern States are making it an important issue.

427
That illiteracy nowadays hampers a child in its fundamental right to "liberty and the pursuit of happiness" is almost a self-evident fact, for no individual, under the acute stress of modern life, can reach any fraction of his development or attainment if kept an illiterate. That illiteracy tends to increase crime is shown by the fact that the illiterates of the United States furnish, in this section, three times as many criminals as an equal number of those who can read and write. That it hampers general intelligence and productive power is, too, self-evident, and, during the decade from 1890 to 1900 Georgia actually lost rank among the States of the Union in both the total and the per capita value of her manufactured and her agricultural products; she had an actual increase, but was far outstripped in her ratio of increase by her sister States.
Indeed, when we consider that, in her cities Georgia has been since the last census ranked as next the lowest State in the union; that she has twelve counties where over one-fifth of the native white men of voting age are illiterate; that one-eighth of all the native white men of t~t age are illiterate in her portals; and that she has so poor an equipment of schoolhouses that they are only valued at $250 apiece on an average,-then verily we realize that it behooves us to bestir ourselves in behalf of education in this State and to "preach a crusade against ignorance,' '-the ignorance that is so sorely hampering the intellectual and the commercial development of our beloved State.
EMME GARRET BOYD, Chainnan.

428
REPORT OF THE SEABOARD AIR LINE FREE TRAVELING SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN GEORGIA.
During the eleven years of its existence one hundred and twenty-five rural schools in Georgia have received the benefit of this system of free traveling libraries made possible by Mr. Andrew Carnegie and successfully operated by the Seaboard Air Line Railway. A number of these schools have established penilanent libraries and are now on the "discontinued list." School betterment work is emphasized by the applications for these libraries which require the making of the needed improvements. The following interesting application signed by both teacher and trustees was recently received from a country school in Union county: "House painted, missing panes replaced, pictures on walls, United States flag, bell, yard cleaned, brakes across gullies, shade trees pruned, school term eight months, formerly five months."
The report of schools for 1908 and 1909 are both
encouraging. The growing demand from ail parts of
the State for our Libraries is a proof of the popularity and value of this work. In every instance the results are signal and unmistakable.
The reading tables introduced into a nurobe.r of schools supplied with such publications as the Youth's Companion, St. Nicholas and the American Boy are justly popular. Printed lectures, which are included in the literature of the Libraries, are read on Friday afternoons to the .visitors and patrons of the school, and have greatly assisted in making the schoolhouses social centers of the community.

429
The school garden movement is one of the most interesting features of the work. Flower and vegetable seed are placed in the libraries during the months of March and September with literature bearing on the planting and cultivation of same.
The following is a classification of the libraries: Fiction, including Fairy Tales, Myths and Legends, 35 per cent; Geography, Description and Travel, 15 per cent; Science, Nature and the Useful Arts, 10 per cent; 35 per cent; Biography, History and History Stories, Poetry, 8 per cent; Reference Books, 5 per cent. These libraries are for all grades up to and including the eighth. There is a growing demand for books of Biography, History, Description and Travel.
Expressions of appreciation from both teachers and pupils of the pleasure and help these books afford are very gratifying.
Respec1 fully submitted,
MRS. EUGENE B. HEARD.

Census of the School Population . of Georgia, 1908

SCHOOL CENSUS, 1908.

COUNTY.

Number of Children between the Ages of Six and Eighteen Years.

Tihite.

Colorerl.

I

I~I----.----,-

ILLITERACY.

Number of Children over Ten Number of Children over Ten

Years of Age who can Read Years of Age who can

but cannot Write.

neither read nor Write.

COMPARISON

WITH 19U3.

g

C.omp<;,r- Com~ar-

IS0n In ison In Q
Popula- Illiteracy l!

tion,

1903- ~

1903-
190~.

: g 1 9 0 8 : :

o.~

~~
~E. o
~o.

Appling Baker Baldwin Banks Bartow Ben Hill

[ _ _ _ _ _

1,3561 313'
618[ 1,232 2,707'
529

1,380[ 336, 684
1,198 2,497
497

736 326 2,6491 736 1,302 1,602 2,430' 414 5,204 961 1,026 421

328 807 1,646
395 1,010
391

654 1,543 3,248
809 1,971
812

3,390 2,192 4,550
3,239 7,175 1,838

65 5
32
68 168 38

' 39
9

1041 14

10472I1

251I
148

I40 72, 1801150
31 99'1 51 53,

150[318 56'[ 49'

40 78 41 56

67I5'3 22 75 221, l7.

255, 330'

2721

9 7

16 29

90 186,

19104'1

104' 65' 50 1151 33 40

105 214,197 411,135 150

971' 211 21 42, 431 47

I I 39,1 2851

532 1 116I 8,4

180 465 300 7311

273 290

21.0

157 J 15516.0

2897035,11

391 811---1'1191985
306

326'

8212.0 15.6 16.1

Fitzgerald

B

errien AdeL

_

w

Bibb

Brooks

_
__ _ _

2,134683,1

389 3,036

127i 130

31,,6203191

4,030 1,158

752 4,184
257 7,639 2,389

232 306 538 1,290

661 108

6~~ 1,~~~ 5'm 5t_:~

4,264 4,644 8,908 16,547 ---- ----

1,843 1,858 3,701 6,090 26 28

15 14
9~11 4~ 2~1
53- 1 1' 54 1431144

29____ 1 1[ 31 3
6~' __ ~~ __ :~ __~~ 6:, 6~1 2801 ---- lOL __ J 1
287 51 39 901375 2841

6 36502

28 28

U 12~1 3~L=i~~:==== _~~~

469 9061 861

3071 5.5

659 1,100 102

21518.0

Bryan

_ 522 507 1,029 504 483 987 2,016 7 4 11 18i 17 351 9 8 171 41, 30 71 134 134'1____ 2L ' 6.6

BBuulrlkoech Butts

_ _

2, 6278881

2,244 625

875 841

4,532 1,303 1,716

1,419 3,356
999

1,502 3,692902

2921 61:,997916

7,353 83,,720779

62 39

41 103 23311741 431'

30 69 718 642 1,3601

23-

1 265

21 21 36' 24

42 15511321 298 874 7L

49

17.0

60 565 526 1,0921 2,581- 2490

2401131.0

1L

1 1511 453

244. 33912.2

Calhoun Camden
St. Marys Campbell Carroll Catoosa

:8g ::m ~:!g~ --~~ --~~l--~: --5~i--2~ ----7~ ==~~ ===~ ==~i --~: -J---~~~I---~~~'I=i6~ ==~~ -~~~ -::~ _
_

424 309

420 291

844 1,246 1,348 2,594 3,438 10 600 678

5 15 2291 141

3701 15 10 251303 170 473 1

_ 511 50 101 50

_ _ _

237 1,022 31,'6271 3,440
853 781

2,259 7,067 1,634

630 1,007
72

912 1,921 8,988 121 122 243 102 109 2111105 110 215 114, 101

77 149 1,783 4 2 61 ----1---

26, 14 40 3[----,

215, 3

883 216

8426.0

====

884 349

302 9.0

49 60,____

51 2.9

Charlton Chatham
CChhaattttaohoogoachee Menlo
Cherokee Clarke
Athens

_ _
_ _ _ -_

4,~~il' 498 1,030 4,500 8,891 213 216 429

1,473 1,437 2,910

2,ml 127
2'mt

256 4,546
860

7561 842 1,598

141 5,871
643 388
36 171 787 745

124 265 1,295 18 24 42 2 21

__ __::!__ 6,45312,32421,215

1145

730~6~ 1,73~4~9 13,,7~7~8~ _~~~7I, ~:81 _~~1~5 77 6~:4I.,

184 355 4,901 74 30 104 141 7!

819 1,606 2,466 22 16 38 61 751

778 1,523 3,121 31 1 4 13,1 4

4 11 23 34 6 31

91

l,528.
14~~1t1

1i
8rll __

~:4

23-_______ 987,
_~::5 __8~:4 --5~9l,---~1~43.1

21 116 55 171 26 191 45

136 17

185,1

6 4

21 12

79 32

841 181

163, 501

89: 18, 2,6831820'

---- 50 7.0 799 112.6

3440~L

_~:~ 1 77 66,
4L== ====

1~~7~.~9

341212

1231 7.0

358 189____ 45 , 15.0

83 147 ---- ----911 2.6

Cl'B'iufft~~-====== I

309' 871

309 83

618 1,007 1,206 2,213 2,831 2 170 102 172 274 444 13

3 5 751 59 134 5 181 231 401 63

4' 11 5 901112 91 2j 11 10 91

202, 19:

346 329 30 33

149

12.2

425.0_

Clayton

_

Clinch

_

Cobb

_

Marietta

_

Roswell

_

Coffee

_

Douglas

_

Nicholls

_

Willacoochee __

Colquitt

_

Doerun

_

Moultrie

_

Columbia

_

Coweta

_

HNaerwanlsaonn

_

Crawford

_

Crisp

_

Cordele

_

Dade

_

DDaewcastounr

_

Bainbridge _

DeCKlaarlkbston

_

Decatur

_

Kirkwood _

DoSdtgoene Mountain_

Dooly

_

Pinehurst _

Dougherty

_

Douglas

_

Early

_

Blakely

_

Echols

_

Effingham

_

Elbert

_

Emanuel

_

Adrian

_

Fannin

_

Fayette

_

Inman

_

Floyd

_

Rome

_

Forsyth

_

Franklin

_

Canon

_

813 699 2,179 393 130 1,648 235
84 55 1,808 70 254 421 1,366 97 354 516 737 319 609 714 1,587 307 1,825 23 194 110 87 1,791 1,096 28 366 996 738 174 347 731 1,508 2,439 69 1,913 1,027 27 2,417 836 1,637 1,790 160

775

639

2,008

410

166

1,471

i

237 83

71

1,635

62

238

406

1,267

96

369

559

668

311

522

659

1,550

329

1,695

28

16l'l

99

76

1,660

990

34

365

927

727

195

283

679

1,398

2,116

72

1,825

953

28

2,211

890

1,464

1,623

142

1,588 1,338 4,187
803 296 3,119 472 167 126 3,443 132 492 827 2,633 193 723 1,075 1,405 630 1,131 1,373 3,137 631 3,520
51 363 209 163 3,451 2,086
62 731 1,923 1,465 369 630 1,410 2,906 4,555 141 3,738 1,980
55 4,628 1,726 3,101 3,413
302

864 371 795 251
13 805
~~I
70 351
10 121 1,194 2,426
51 205 916 784 344 39
24 2,115
278 829
11 106
4
50
1,186 1,791
35 1,561
497 1,325
238 126 592 1,421 1,399 66 30 597
49 1,108
392 156 522 37

817 322 763 273
16 753 114
50 73 381 25 154 1,284 2,433 45 234 990 844 398 43 21 2,149 327 817 15 118
9 60 1,161 1,719 37 1,689 467 1,450 244 116 676 1,383 1,464 55 19 584 66 1,078 470 160 449 42

1,~g~1

3,269 2,031

9 14

3i 12 82 54 3' 17 21 10

137 31

4 5

8 12 34 34 7 12 21 24

68 229 288 ---- ---- 921 7.0

45 105

181____ 55 5.0

1,558 5,845 68 ~8 106 82 56 138 57 38 95 79 56 135 474- 329

12618.1

524 1,327 7

7

6

---- ---- ---- ---- ------ 29
1,558 210 111 143 732

4,6~8?2~ 811 --6a1 -i442__1_1_8

~~g----

4,175

159

77 ---iiis --76
1 76

6 14

14 27

2.0

70 146 107 72 215 ---70*02 631000 84 160 ==2=2=1Ii0s=.3o

---- ---- ---- ------

1 ---- ---- ====1====

36____

30 301 90

3581 7.2

35 275

716677 ---- ---- ----

4

2

63

---- 21________ 2 112 186 132 ---- 2 -1--3-9 24..80

2.478 ll,305 9 10 19 169 158 327 9 10 19 163 150 316 678

11 39

20_5

4,859 7,492 73 50 123 261 194 455 33 23 56 275 209 484 1,1181339

96 289 439 1,162

----11----1

1-___ 86

16 14

6 9 6 15 23 ---- 10 7 17 31 2____

164115.0 8.0
113 2.7

1,906 2,981 15 9 24 134 89 223 13 12 25 100 72 172 444

35

10315.0

1,628 3,033 26 101 36 81 60 141 36 9 45 176 112 288 510

742 1,372 5 1 6 34 20 54 1

1 56 40 96 157 377 ---- 39

16.8
1
111.4

82 1,213-

147 10 9 19 17 15 31 ----

22 219 2____ 97 18.0

45 1,418 181 8 26 1

1 20 14 34. 8 2 10 71

163

951 5.0

4,264 7,401 26 18 44 107 81 188 46 36 82t 294 229 523 837 1564

605 1,646

~:i~~--is--io'I"-a7

47

57

104 33 20 --sal-ioii 63

172

422 4~~

605i11.0 -ii7j-.S=2

26 224

5~~---i==== ---i

5---4 -----ii

l 1 ---i'

2

6 1~ 157

--271-2=0

~?~ 13

110

==== ====1= ===

------

==== ====

2,347 5,798 50, 271 77 92 61 153 46 29 175 110 72 182 487 711- ---- 285' 8.4

3,510 5,596 30i 25 55 188 106 354 34 33 67 226 222 448 924

72 134- 1

----

3

4

7

44

8 15

2006 ____ 61616.5 1____ 1911 11.2

3,250 3,981-___ 2 2 188 229 417 2 2 4 122 108 230 653- 417

419!16.4

964 2,887 15 14 29 24 26 50____

6 9 15 94 111

m 2,775 4,240 18 31 21 169 193

482 242

---71---4 --ii --os 9

36i~2

13 12 22 --i2

32~5!, -2-3236

185 21

41~~8

8t2~~6

206 --405

14.

115 3.3
2~~3~41!2t0t.0g

1,268 2,678 8 5 13 49 46 95 18 10 28! 56 31 87 223 28

17618.3

2,804 2,863

5.710 7,418'

311__1__7

48 107 96

85

192 34 19 531156 113

246

105'____

269 122

562 179 569 87

57310.0 259 7.6

121 262________

53

81

141

5 14____ 83 ---- 17 5.3

49 1,181
115

33,,718671- 175 115 170 1-___

26902.___2 1 12

3 8

2355 132 85 2147____4

20

4

1 5

1254 9

541275134088

59 1.91134..00

30

74.

17.7

2,186 6,814 89 81. 170 81 90 171 145 117 262 113 125 238 841

541____ 41112.4

862 2,588 2 2, 4 6 8 14 11 14 25 28 27 55 80 161

63 3.4

316 3,417 86 451 131 7 7 14 67 41 108' 31 27 58 311

971 4,384

1139

111

199]____

133 582

919506 --.-

135'19.1 31713.3

79 381, 5

5 3____

3 2____ 2 5 5 10 20 115

18 5.2

SCHOOL CENSUS, 1908.

COUNTY.

Number of Children between the Ages of Six and Eighteen Years'

White.

Colored.
'3

ILLITERACY.

Number of Children over Ten Number of Children over Ten

Years of Age who can Read Years of Age who can

but cannot Write.

neither read nor Write.

~

White.

Colored.

White.

Colored.

O;..i!l!l

COMPARISON

WITH 1903.

s C.omp~r- Compar-;.,

Ison In ison in. u

Pop ula- Illiteracy 2!

tion,

1903- J!l

11990083.- 1908:.5- ci

Iii

]. -;

G)

'0

>'0

E-o

o

-0 0

"O.~

~~.c.
0

as

as

a s ] ~~

IV
>'0

]
0
E-/

~~l1i

]]

IV

0

>'0 E-/

l 1 i l]1i

:":0i

IV
>'0

-; as gl1i
"0 "i S
E-/;:;: >'0

;;
'0
f:-;

~c~~~
0

\ Q)
\'e.@:l

~ 8~
A

]~Q)
~

~~.!
Af~ ~8~8E..

Royston Fulton
Atlanta

====1====1"1 _
_ _

83.,081459413[

136 2901 82,,773710 157,,861214\

301 1,156 3,645

l,2~~1
5,043

2,3~~ 8,m ---- ----
8,68826,312

83 68

11

1

14~
135 --

I

36 48

5

4

11~
185

4~11-6il2 ---- ---- -iso ~:~

4363729

619 1.7

East Point _

GiOlmaekrland City __

Glascock

_

Glynn

_

Gordon

_

Grady

_

Greene

_

234 109
1,348858\' 714
2,068 1,546
921

291 123 1,307 426 703 2,008 1,429 927

525 232 2,692 914 1,417 4,076 2,975 1,848

103 '97
9 203 l,lOS' 189 1,051 1,788

121 224 73 170
19~ 3~~
1,241,2,349
1,6~~ 2,m
1,906 3,694

749 402
g~~ --iil--i8
3,766
g:~~b __~~ __~~
5,542 7 9

1~~ --23 --30
22____
~L __~ ~
16 161 140

,____ 2 3

5

21 I: 3 2 2

4

5g --i7'--i411~~--i7 ---9 ----28

165 ----

12____

117

8L1_~~ __~~11~t--~ ~ 19

3011 10 9 19 186 125 311

5 260

19 0.7

m7127-

11.7

_~~~ -i04 __~~ --S7~U

316

273 88

8.3

~~L~~:========:~~_ ~:~

647

511 100 11.7

Gwinnett

_ 3,377 3,093 6,470 613 620 1,233 7,703

177

1191

-- __ 1, 174

--__ 123 673____ 471

224 8.7

Lawrenceville__ 132 119 251 38 41 79 330 1____ 1

51____

4. -___

I, 11 29____

77 3.3

Habersham Hall

_ _

1,287 2,583

1,239 2,521

2,526 5,104

114 431

115 389

229 2,755 22 12 34

820 5,924

223

2

3

5 48 38 86 4 2

58____

211____

886,i

131 581

789 2031

342 4.8 123 9.8

Gainesville Hancock

_ _

572 718

579 677

1,151 1,395

257 2,978

2,275348

5,571116

71.,161612

----
1

455

44175 ---- ---- 184 ---- ----

38 341

8742111019048

8116141..38

HHaarrarilsson Hart
Hartwell Heard Henry Houston Irwin
Ocilla

__ _
_ _ _ _ _ _

1,779 698
1,373 219
1,150 1,385
719 762 150

1,687 690
1,376 180
1,122 1,342
695 681 101

3,466 1,388 2,749
399 2,272 2,727 1,414 1,443
251

351 360

2,144 2,176

630 641

67209

643 645

1,638 1,690

2,704 2,794

557 549 129 133

711 4,320 1,215349
1,288 3,328 5,498 1,106
262

4,177 5,708 4,503038
3,560 6,055 6,912 2,549
513

12 45 43 36
3 7

1171 8 20 312 223 30 75 78 49
34 77 74 64 45 81 247 227
6 9 474 302 6 13 20 20

203-___ 531 11 127 74
138 10 474 18 776 2
40 18 18

166 540 264

3 14 288 235 523 1,092 435

46 120 99 75 _ 174

496 1

12_

67- 13.0 6019.1
53210.9

7 17 22 19 15 33 221 171 3 5 433 253 151 33 34 23
71 15 21 19

41 273

11 160

7.8

392 980 616

24016.. 0

687 1,464. 389 187 21.2

57 143 1246

287 5.6

40 55 274. --

10.7

Jackson

2,694 2,477 5,171 1,260 1,199 2,459 7,630 97 88 185 82 90 172 93 113,206 130 163 293, 856

185

5111.2

gil U Commerce
Winder Jasper

_ _ _

232 202 709

215 447 223 425

58 57

~g g~' rs~

621 1,330 1,559 1,558 3,117 4,447

~
9

~I ~ 4 ---4~-
1 10 198 132 330

~.
31

4

~I ~ ~
7 210 148

~I
3581

~t=== ==== ==== ====

705

251. 23716.0

Jeff Davis

_ 543 471 1,014 '165 178 343 1,357 38 19 57 19 16 3511 49 30[ 79 '30 39 69 240

17.7

Hazelhurst _ 99 III 210 30 27 57 267 1.___ 1

2

2 3,____ 3 9 3 121 15

54 13

7.0

Jefferson

_ 1,246

JJoenhknisnosn Jones

_ _

682 1,125
598

Laurell.!l - - ---- 2,133

DCeedxater rGrovp Dublin
Lee Liberty Lincoln Lowndes Lumpkin Macon

_ _
_ _ _ _ _

'

35 82 420 174 689 514 1,534 684 566

MMaadriiosnon --------_

1,550 585

McDufEe _-. - - -- 792

McIntosh _- -. - -- 211

MMMiiellrlteiowrnether

- - - --_

1,513 677 980

MitchelL - _- __ 1,534

Monroe

_ 950

Montgomery _ 1,836

MoMrgaadnioo,n--_-------_

Murray

_

Muscogee

_

Columbus _

Newton

_

773 111 1,449 708 1,635 1,291

OcCoonveeington _- ___

191 699

Oglethorpe Paulding Pickens

_ _ _

928 1,895 1,185

Marble HilL _ 43

Pierce .;...::.. _ 1,197

PikBelackshear

_

84 1,133

Barnesville

257

PPuollakski

- - - - - - --_

2,162 1,190

Cochran

_ 98

Hawkinsville __ 193

QPuutintmaman__ - - - - - --_

Rabun

_

491 164 808

Randolph ------ 803

1,197 576
1,093 539
1,985 35 83 400 213
:682 461 1,546 667 '525 1,510 557 726 261 1,487 720 871 1,37-5 894 1,764 669 103 1,317 683 1,722 1,181 171 710 886 1,757 1,163
26 1,084
106 1,055
270 2,008 1,053
102 193 443 130 806 869

2,443 1,258 2,218 1,137 4,17180
165 820 387 1,381 975 3,080 1,351 1',091 3,060 1,142 1,518 472 3,000 1,397 1,851 2,909 1,844 3,600 1,442 214 2,766 1,391 3,357 2,472 362 1,409 1,814 3,652 2,348
69 2,281
190 2,188 , 527 4,170 2,243
200 386 934 294 1,614 1.672

1,932 1,016
909 1,753 2,195
8 303 1,230 1,131 774 1,881
58 1,395
822 805 912 773 2,906 834 133 1,531 2,076 1,042 1,799 128
77 1,296
814 1,425
134 804 1,780 249
55 3 367 49 1,622 189 865 1,872 137 157 1,726 546 281 2.154

1,962 3.894 1,013 2,029
891 1,800 1,889 3,642 2,243 --4,438_

18 362 1,151 1,206 787 1,910
57 1,486
854 920 1,055 795 3,114 500 133 1,586 2,243 1,153 1,856 138
47 1,317
986 1,446
150 828 1,899 243
57 6
304 44
1,684 226 863
1,804 165 219
1,778 544
31 2.250

26 665 2,381 2,337 1,531 3,791 115 2,881 1,676 1,725 1,967 1,568 6,020 1,029 266 3,117 4,319 2,195 3,655 266 124 2,613 1,800 2,871 284 1,632 3,679 492 112
{I
671 93
3,306 415
1,728 3,676
302 376 3,504 1,090
59 4.404

~:~~ --i3 --ii ~~--42--46

4,018

28____

84,,577596 7 14 12618__1_5_3 145

17910

. _.

1,485 _.__ 2,768 3 3,718____
2,506 21 6,871 36 1,466 61 3,972 25 4,736 78 2,867 3,485
2,040 12 9,020 7 2,426 30 2,117 54 6,026

10 7 5 8 206 235
38. ._._
17 38 76 72 37 73 200 208 50 111 4 2 18 43 223 205 49 137 75 56
12________ 66____
11 23 186 157 3 10 144 129 68 981181 74 25 79 11 8
62

6,163 24 5,795 5,049807 25

8 32 363 263 109----
7 32!-1_2_2_3 173

2,890 54 49 103 7 5

4,004 5 1 6 121 78

5,157.___

53

5,343-___

37

646



3,041 11 7 18 77 71

5,493 34 25 59 150 121

4,144.___

118

2,46708 33 2._7 60 8 1

2,928532 15 18 33 11 6

5,494 21 13 34 244 164 942 6 9 15 31 25

5,898 78 45 123 69 37 5,590192 39 22 61 1737 1756

762 1 1 2 2 3

4,438 5 2 7 240 182

1,384

22 15

1,673 33 16 49 2____

6.076 2 1 3 311 253

5~~--ii --ii ~g --521--56

175____

59____

249282 14 9 12938__2_0_2 183

._ 2_.__ 2____ 3

17 3 441 3 420____
148 7 408 33
6 39 428 23 131 89 1O!29!-
337 6 273 6 255 28
19 37 253

3 15 10 3 6 356 255
29____
4 11 86 71 30 63 158 161 36 75 3 1 13 36 290 202 67 156 110 81
30________ 50________
19 25 125 119 3 9 74 64 60 88 100 70 37 73 21 16 . 49

626 18 24 2 340 221

146

172_.

39168 16 3 19 335 228

12 64 67 131 13 13

190 22 15 37 94 66

8459 14

308

49

9

148 13 5 18 86 67

271 44 46 90 233 191

52,

190

9 836 632 1468 6 41

127 35 23 58 33:15

408 16 12 28 194 146 66 1____ 1 12 18

106 147 112 259 109 66

34192 30 7 37 1748 1059

5

. 13 5

422 2

2 183 136

37.~ 2 4 115 86 2 4u 37 77.___

564 1 1 2 195 161i

t8~ 1,~~ _~~~ ==== ==== _~~~ 1U

248 510 92

18212.6

368295 1,742177 67406!-

158 271156..25

3

5

2.6

25 45 419 ---- -- __ .--- 3.0

612 1,067

48. 16039.0

188 677

287

6818.2

157 354 242

._ 7114.1

319 863 282

34!- 12.7

4 196

626.___ 8213.4

492 999

45

3225.2

191 615 241

297 13.0

,90 233

217.

71 8.1

250 657.

140 178

!~.0

244 631

153 202 ,,0.9

138 430

6

258 4.7

170 611 444. __ 186 25.2

37 208 66

97 9.8

3:.!3 687 529

23711.4

561 1,241 65

14820.0

276 703

103.

3112.1

56136 1,04104.___8 93 5 140199..28

26 272 390 158 391 200
5 22 173 240 634 7JJ1----
18 27 76

157 9.4 502 9.7 421 0.4 35811.8
18 4.2

153 337 306

10011.0

424 844. 303 42 15.4

55 415 40. __ .10710.0

101 2277

19211 4 196 99..20

5._8 1626 __2.3_4.___ _ 76

50..76

340 810

201

15914.7

30 112

11.9

175 663.___ 7. 2879 72314.___ 1!-

19611.2 450142..24

18 25 117

22

3.3

319 750

19

4417.0

201 242 7

7117.5

128

344.

93 7.6

360 11211 43

3101.';.3

SCHOOL CENSUS, 1908.

COUNTY.

Number of Children between the Ages of Six and Eighteen Years.

White.

Colored.

ILLITERACY.

Number of Children over Ten Number of Children over Ten

Years of Age who can Read Years of Age who can

but cannot Write.

neither read nor Write.

.tuchmond ~ _

Rockdale

_

Conyers

_

Schley

_

Screven

_

Spalding

_

GriffiD.

_

StephellII

_

Toccoa

_

Stewart

_

Sumter

_

TaAlbmoetricus

__

TTaaltinaaflelrro

_

Glennville _

Taylor

_

Telfair

_

TeLrruemll ber City ___

ThDomawasson

__

Boston

_

TiTfthomasville _

Tifton

_

Toombs

_

Towns

_

Troup

_

~'I'Rogansville

_

J1"l.1"L'WaGesrtaPnogient - - - _-

4,<114
514 139 255 1,175 891 576 783 252 482 570 387 543 282 1,910
95 809 1,154 101 456 165 1,267
59 317 801 206 1,130 635 736 107 599 144

4.362 480 149
Z.~2
1.122 840 474 715 240 468 557
~26
551 289 1,855 114 788 1,025 99 513 183 1,226 88 329 721 203 1,142 585 680 104 709 180

,;

,; O:::;J:

OJ S
"I".

3,1133 4,7U"1

404 77

415024[

55.5 604

1,895 1,896

995 972

478 524

185 206

102 123

1,938 1,972

2,421 2,397

565 667

1,277 1,282

876 878

884 927

12 12

840 893

747 765

70 69

2,133 2,167

212 241

1.842 1,868

70 80

477 513

266 307

62 68

428 449

2

2

2,097 2,000

83 69

346 408

215 209

COMPARISON WITH 1903.

--I TuArnsehrb-u-rn -,- _ _

__ __ __ __ __ __:: ==== ====1 Twiggs

_

Union

_

1,191 Upson _"

_

Walker

_

Flintstone _

LaFayette _

Walton

_

Ware

_

Fairfax

_

\Varesboro _

Waycross _

2,m ==== ===i===i==== ==== ----4~ ===~ ==== ===~:==== ==== ----7~ ---i2~ =ii~ ==== ==== ==~~,-~~~ Warren

_

730 124 510 1,107 1,157 2,271
18 135 2,073 940
24 61 568 489

719 137 507 1,041
2,106 27
148 1,944
870 21 65
660 453

1,449 261
1,017 2,148 2,348 4,377
45 283 4,017 1,810 14255
1,228 942

415 110 1,270
8 1,487
416 20 44
1,332 231 39
441 1,117

423 144 1,268
10 1,652
364 17 35
1,364 236 33
482 1,174

838 254 2,538
18 3,139
780 37 79
2,696 467 72_
923 2,291

2'~~L_~ ~ ~: ~~ :~

3,555, 3 5 8 18 21

2,166+ 83 57 140 1 2

5,487

20 13

5,157 72 49 121 23 20

82

362 3

3

6,713.

82____

2,277 ---- ---- 73. ----

3,233.___

32____

~t ~ ~ ~ :~

39 4 5 9 82 79

3 43 28 71 L___

33

2242

43 77 56 133 27 26 8 1____ 1 3 3 336

232

,

36____

110 1

96____

2761

31____

4~ 1~1--5iil====

161 217 294.

I' 215

355

6 41489

53 350 696

6

79

9 26

120 470 162

75 354

155

248 559

180

t~
154 6.1 315,10.0 2141.7 135 6.8 9 18.0
2.5 484 7.0
75 16.0
1
326117.3

Washington 'Vayne
Jesup Webster White Whitfield Wilcox
Pineview Wilkes Wilkinson Worth

;jtL:~;::~;I-~i~:~;~I:~~;-42i~~::~~I!~:~~I--i~:~~~:~;~---~ii---iii~~~~ =ii~ =~~~ =~~gl~i~i _
_

1,602 1,319

1,530 1,172

3,132 2,491

2,834 363

3,113 359

5,947 722

9,079 3,213

28

_ _ _
_ _

142 325 704 1,888 1,137

133 299 709 1,803 1,085

275 624 1,413 3,691 2,222

49 675
83 304 564

61 646

110 1,321

385 1,945

4

65 148 1,561 25

272 576 4,267 30

632 1,196

_ _ _ _

56 937 706 1,449

56 874 674 1,333

112 1,811 1,380 2,782

45 2,200
925 1,337

44 89 2,207 4,407
893 1,818 1,301, 2,638

5,420

37

8 36 121 10

26

111

11

10 35 4 4 16 46 11 5

13L---i----,

547 22 38 1
192 8 26 16 36
306

73 12 50 27 15
11 4. '____
25 51 2 3 20 56 16 14
76____

757 1,414

530 - 453'15.5

42 150 224.___

8 40

98 305

260

781 4,7
2011~.1
29210.7

5 99

284. 1261 6.3

30 148 79 __ "_ ---- 6213.4

365 878

534. 126 16.2

1

,

OOUNTY.

438

INFIRMITIES.

Blind.

Deaf and
Dumb.

Idiot.

ATTENDANCE.

Appling Baker Baldwin Banks

--

-___ 1 11

2 45 25 118149.00

1____

3 4 61 37 30 74.25

2 1 1 1 1116 74 71 2,132168.74

1 1 2 3 1 8 14 14 205138.00

! B~:eirr:i~e~n;;l~:==============:~~~1~ ====1 ~1 ====1 1~ 5 ====312 1~~2 ~ ~:m~~~~~~ 20 427202.00

Adel

_

__

4

4 190 5.00

Bibb

.__________ 57 28 2 3 1 293 252 251 10,315802.08

Brooks

1____ 1____ 1 1 4 173 192 1,672222.00

Bryan __ ._________________

4 610 23 20 151 81.50

Bulloch

1 1____ 2 4. 8 35 38 887294.12

Burke

- 1 2 1 5 9 300 400 2,497220.16

Butts

1____ 2

3 22

7 762134.00

Calhoun

__ 226 242 1,871150.00

CCaaSmtp~b~eal~l y;-:::::::::::::::

~c::

:::: 1

:::: L

~ :::: _2~::::::6 ::::::

2~0~91_2~7~.:5~2

Carroll Catoosa Charlton _ Chatham Chattahoochee

1____ 3 1 5 313 53 30 1,575300.00

1____ 1 ..

2 33 22 61 50.00

1

1

8

2 110 48.00

1____ 1____ 4 6 501 420 12,553792.50 3 3 14 15 288 68.00

ChMatetnoloo~----------------- L___

1

1

L

__4

31

33 2219701160..0500

Cherokee

3

3

6 113 29 25 403280.85

Clarke_____________________ Athens

2 1 __

1

3 67 82 953 78.50

2 1 4 15 11 2,103 62.42

Clay

.

2____ 5 7 14 15 224150.00

Bluffton

1

1

9

9 95 15.00

Clayton Clinch

1 2 2____ 1 6 13 10 27'1108.00

L

1 23 19 35160.00

Cobb

1____

1 2 4 28 20 1,037 ---- __

Marietta Roswell

1

1 23 19 801 33.18

__

149 12.50

Coffee

Douglas

.

Nicholls

3____ 5 1 5

._

1

-___

14 177 233 143219.00

1______

385 21.65

__

105

_

Willacoochee Colquitt
Doerun

1

1______

1____ 4 2 7 29

-___

__

1

197 -----~ 22 425198.00
1 90 450

Moultrie _.______________

__

467 20.00

Columbia

.__ __ 36 59 78143.69

Coweta Haralson Newnan __ .
Crawford Crisp
Cordel e Dade .__________________ Dawson
Decatur Bainbridge
DeCKlaarlkbston Decatur I\irkwood Stone Mountain

25 1
12 '_ -
1____


454 1
1____ 1 . 2
1____ 1 1 16
---. ---114


323 62 71 849254.00

11

1

1 34 12.00

2

83934.00

1 1______ 157 364113.00

1 3 219 200 1,290107.00

__

2

3 821 36.00

2

7 15 22 64.00

2

4

3

16~~8.00

213 237 209 1,653,,44.86

- __ ---- __ ------ ------ -----31__0 98 491 72547258.50_

. __ 10

2 378 12.00

--- 10.00

._ __

108 6.00

DDoodoglye_____________________ 2____3 24 22____2 21 89

Pinehurst

c __



._ __

8428 1~4~, 1,640240110~'~712..0500 87 7.00

Dougherty

D8uglas

Early

.

4\____ 5 1 818 75 101 1,107160.01

. 2 111

5

17

11

~~123.00

.

. 1 1 2 4 8 102 99 37.

_

COUNTY.

439
INFIRMITIES.

ATTENDANCE.

Blakely Echols

1

1

----

1 12

16

14-

25.00

1

1 22 22

7 48.00

Effingham

1____

4- 5 13 64 592 95.00

Elbert

---- 2 2 1 2 512 48 84 677225.00

:!f:~_===========:=::=====~ ~ ~ ===~ ~~ :~ :~ ---~~g ::~:J ==== --- ==== --- Fayette

21____

3 1 5 11

------1-- FloInymd an -c---------------- ---- ---- ---- ----1 ---- ---- --1 -----1-4

55 214 94.80 1311 52314208.28_

Rome

2____

1 1 4 39 30 1,410 88.29

Forsyth

2____ 4. 6 14 27 61115.00

Franklin___________________ Canon

3____ 6 413 39 38 511143.00

L

1

1

1 82 75.00

Royston

2

2

1

1 170 10.00

FuAlttolnan-t-a------------------ 811________ 34.___3 51 74269 170.55 111119173,,882672829525..1835

East Point

--__

__

5

5 537 36, .00

Oakland City

L___ 1 2 4

7

7 245

_

Gilmer

---- ---- --

-___ __ 17 19 262174.30

Glascock

c__ 1

1 15______ 57 40.00

Glynn

1 1 2 1 38

------160.00

Gordon

3

1 13

8 37 31 292128.00

Grady

1____

3 2 6 73 73 3i>5160.76

Greene

1 1____ 3 5 59 41 865209.42

Gwinnett

6

6 31 34 1,241238.00

Lawrenceville

1____ 1

2______

1 85 4.00

Habersham

L___ 3____ 4 20 20 490140.00

Hall

~ 5 1 4 2 12 31 29 471225.00

Gainesville

2 1 3 17 17 573

_

Hancock HBJ'alson

1____

1____ 2 4 413 449 3,232195.17

1____ 5 1 7 33 35 687158.00

HHaamrts_____________________ 1____2 32____2 1 61144

9242 29205 446119274..0500

Hartwell

_

Heard

1____

12

5 11 176101.00

Henry Houston

~___________

4 2 1 2 211 108 102 867285.00

L___ 1 1 5 8 517 429 1,538

_

Irwin

2____

5 7 12

6 14110.00

Ocilla

l_

1 2 3 40 30 275 6.00

Jackson Commerce Winder

2 2 1 1 6 113 88

1____ 1 2______

1

1

6

87 768381.50

4 96 12.00

5 415

_

Jasper_____________________

__ 26 23 880220.00

Jeff Davis

1 1____ 1

3 15 12 15 66.00

Hazelhurst_______________

__

160 7.00

JeA"erson

~________ 1 1____ 1 1 610 132 112 1,302242.00

Jenkins____________________ Johnson

1 1 3 5 15 19 382115.00 1____ 6 512 54 68 300149.21

Jones

1____ 1 2 61 78 332191.16

LaCureednasr_G__ro__v_e__________"___ 2 4.___ 2 1 10 18 137 144 385304.36_

Dexter

__ 10

2 85 5.00

Dublin

2

1 3 25 21 736 35.00

Lee

1

1 74 82 140141.00

Liberty____________________ 1____ 1 1 1 2 6 114

Uncoln____________________

1____

2 3 66

53 678174.00 68 410114.00

Lowndes___________________ 1____

1

2 79 60 2,761

_

Lumpkin

3____ 2____ 3

8 22 19 172

_

Macon

"__ 1____ 3 4 147 195 1,136221.25

Madison Marion

1____ 1____ 1

3 28 30 481152.53

1

2 1 26

5

575118.00

McDuffie

--__

2 2 1 3 8 53 51 688103;00

McIntosh

-___ L___ 2

25 60 32 299 90.00

COUN'I'Y.

INFIRMITIES.

ATTENDANCE.

Meriwether-

L __ .L __ ~ 2

3 58 47 2,295124.50

Miller __ .___________

1 1 4 1 5 120 103 602117.50

Milton

.______________ 1____ 2____ 1

4._____

8 194 68.00

Mitchell___________________

Monroe

.________

Montgomery

Morgan____________________ Madison ._.

3

2 4 9 41 53 873294.ll3

1 3 1____ 4 9 309 304 2,771246.52

2 4 1 2 110 61 92 457202.00

:I 5 7 132 131 636178.34

1 33

8 302 12.00

Murray

L___ L___ 2 1 5 18

7 185131.00

MNCe~wh,to'n;:_;_bu~=====.=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_== t=== ====2 ---I1 ---21====3 ~7 19O~7

Covington

._________ 1____

1

2

2

Oconee

3

1____ 1 5

67~5. ~:~~~~155~4:.g0~0 2 348 8.00 7 385 79.00

~~~~I:~i~I=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::~~~~~I:~ 1~~ i~ 3'~~i~~~~~

PPiik~el':cksh~;=================== ==== :=== ====3 ~ ====I_~3______~ 1~4 2,09~21~~5~5:.~0~0

Barnesville

3

3 31 20 562 24.00

Polk

2____ 3____ 3 210 101 176 1,009230.63

Pulaski

2 3 6 2 316 68 166 1,827222.60

Cochran

1____ 1____ 1 3

6______ 308 20.88

PuHtnaawmkinsville "-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-

1

----

---- ----
4.___

- - - -4

-8-

4109

3192 1,504752102.00_

QRaubitumnan

.__________ 11____ 1_c __ ---- 2 __4

137

173 16714 3771..0000

Randoph

1____ 3 2____ 2 7 112 112 1,354 50.00

RRoicchkmdaolned_________________ 4 4 41____2 22 52215 30132 296 9,2959775504..0003

Ssccr~e~v~e~ns_====================1=III---2i :=== ---I5 ====2 ---I717~----1i2i6 ----1i121 ---38955213"41,72.:0000

Spalding___________________ 21____ 2____

Griffin

-

1____

2 6 59 78 627120.00 __ 110 100 1,25.'; 24.00

1

S~~tetwc~a:rnt s_==================---i1e=2_-_-_-_I ==~=2_=_=_=_: :==2: -26 L35 37~ 1,38i,~8127I4U.5~0

Sumter



---- ----

__ 58 59 3,239151.18

Americus

--

----

__

2 1,520102.25

Talbot

.__________

2

2____________ 619136.00

Taliaferro__________________

2

Tatnall ._______________ 4 1____ 1

Glennville

1

-___

Taylor



1

Telfair _:__________________ 1 1

4 6 60 60 536 75.00

6 76 74 482

_

12

8 52 3.00

1 154 145 452146.00

2

3 29 307 45.00

Lumber City Terrell c___________________

---- ---- ---- ---- - -- ------

_

1____ 1____ 5 7 265 272 1,2E8 46.25

T~B~~o~stoo~n_===::============---I ==== ==== L== ---2 __A 61~9 61~ ~2~1~6112498.:2i12

Thomasville______________ Tift
Tifton

2____

1

1______ 18 1,214 54.53

1

3 22 19 241104.50

__

6

6 304 12.00

Toombs Towns

. 2____ 2

4 46 54 674100.00

.

._ __

1

3 106 31.00

Troup Hogansvi!le

4 1 1____ 3 9 57

11

2

~__

57 1,416181.49 177 ._

LaGrange________________

2 1 3 112 116 1,016 50.00

West Point

._

3

3

534 30.00

Turner

-

11

3

3 44104.00

Ashburn

2 1 1____

__

2

7 439 12.00

Twigg~

I L___ 2

3 65 62 569177.75

I
441

INFIRMITIES.

ATTENDANCE.

Dear

Blind. and I<liot.

Dumb.

COUNTY. - - - - - - s

l8- 'r~~-~'

-.o.,
-3

Union
W'aF'liln~t~srto-n==e================= LaFayette Walton Ware
Fairfax 'Varesboro
Waycross Warren
Washington Wayne
Jesup Webster White Whitfield WiPlcinoexv_i_e_w________________ Wilkes Wilkinson Worth

2____
t=== ---3 ====
1____ -___ 1____

--

l.___

1

3

1 13 1____ 1 1

1

1____

11

3

2____

223

13 I

L

6______

4

~ ---i __~ 3~ 4A

1

2______

9

2 1 4 24 28

1 1 53-_____

__

6

12

7

9

4 37 32

3 1018

2

5

1

1

1

99 145 9 10 1 10 12

1 2 4 10 12

3

5

1 12

2

__7

16 26

2 110 219 189 2 2 8il 65
1 410 51 25

1

36131.00
1,~3gg1 t~2:.g0g0 219 6.00 595178.00 90114.00 31 2.00 _
1,348107.56 745106.00
1,708171.38 42130.00 18.00 24 56.00 84 92.16
918100.00 391041134..0500 2,171220.00 433 59.50 514158.35

4411
Summary of Census.

---

Number of Children Between the Agee of Six and

Eighteen Years.

-

WHITE.

COLORED.
I

-0
~
",'0
.~ 0

I Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total.

.~l:!-ioi
~

----

- - - - - -E-l -

Census, 1908 __ ..___ 197,216 Census, 1903 __ __ 186,962
Increase, 1908-1903 . 10,254
Pe1r9c0e8n-1t 9o0f3i_n_c_r_e_as_e_,_ 5.4 Increase, 1903-1898 12,634 Per cent of increase,-
1903-1898 .. __ . ___ 7.2 Increase, 1898-1893 _ 14,044 Pe1r8c9e8n-1t 8o9f3in_c_r_e_a_s_e_,_ 8.

189,011 178,608
10,403 5.6
11,415 6.8
13,437 8.

386,227 365,570
20,657
5.5 24,049
7.3 26,481
8.

170,791 166,646
4,145
2.4 7,93.
5. 13,401
9.

178,453 170,917
7,536
4.2 10,279
6.3 16,017
11

~jP,54643-

735,471 703,133

11,681 32,338

3.4

4.5

18,214 42,263

5.7

6.3

29,418 55,899

10

9

ILLITERACY.

Number of Children over Ten Years of Age Who can Read but cannot Write.

Number of Children over Ten Years of Age Who can neither Read nor Write.

White. Colored. Total. White. Colored. Total.

------1---------------------

Census of 1908 ______ Censns of 1903 ______

9,985 32,368 42,353

Decrease, 1908-1903 _ -------- -------- ---- - --Per cent. of illiterates

to population in 1908 2.6

9.3

5.7

Per cent. of illiterates

to population in 1903 -------- -------- -------Per cent. of illiterates

to population in 1898 -------- -------- --------

9,393 13,539 4,146
2.4 3.7 6.7

32,684 38,262
5,578 9.3 11.3 18.9

42,077 51,801 9,724
5.7
7.3
12.6

84,430 11.5

iNFIRMITIES.

I BLIND.

I I DEAF AND DUMB.

IDIOT,

ITOTAL

ATTENDANCE.

~ i)

J;.

]

~

:~ ~~-g =~

o oS III

s:l

]~ w
g:}:5

~.e~

I1l

.~s

~~: ~~4)-= fl:::I..0..c::.S0 > 0
0::-0 ~

o~ ~~ e ~Q .o.t ID
i ii ~~

=
~...
~

I~~
o"'

.~~
...

'_8t~i E~b-..l...c~~:.8.a2~iE-~~l..~...~c:

'toi~.-;
O"E0 -bl

I--

1--1--

~ --;
15
E-l

~II
S

~~~]~~~1]1~1l

~llat:;

'i~
e~fIJ

JJ "~0

Z

Z

Z ..:

0

1--------1--1--------1------

1908 94 90184171132303243279522 1,009 10,533 11,198 182,0751.50 $25,760.84

1903135107242215172387

575 1,206 13,496 14,196 126,039 1.35 23,61889

1.18981125140265211,191402

722 1,389 17,326 15,630

22.01900

Tabulated Reports from County School Gommissioners, 1908.

TABLE No.1.
Number of Teachers; Grades of Teachers; Number of Normal Trained Teachers; Average Monthly Salaries Paid Teachers; Total Amount Paid Teachers.

TABLE No. l. Number of Teachers; Grades of Teachers; Number Df Normal Trained Teachers.

Number of Teachers

Grades of Teachers

Number of Normal-Trained

COUNTY

__W_h_it_e_1 Colored

1
:::s

I ~~
II ~s

d~..,

1
:::s

~Q)


.....

'~3

Total

rLl

I I First Grade Second Grade Third Grade

Teachers

~

1--------1------1-------

~~ :::s

Q~8Q; )~'~-I~:;': .:iEfQ~.!:..) j":~~.a1:lQ~~

I

~-
E-<

2
:~.a

~"1~:l

~ '0

Q I E-<

2
:~.a

~"1~:l
Q

-~
E-<

2
:~.a

~"1~:l

'3
0

Q

E-<

r

-Appling~-=-=-= \22\17 fs;) 2 8 lID 24 25 49 -1 --9 -3 12 -U -2 -13 118 --5 - 23 1- 14 1- 5 1-19 ~

Baker

1 5 13 18, 2 17 19 7 30 37 1 5 1 6 10 3 13 2 15 17 11 7 18 '"

Baldwin __ __ __ 2 28 30 1 31 32 3 59 62 1 15 1 16 7 6 13 7 25 32 10 2 12

Banks __ ___ 14 14 28 2 9 '11 16 23 39 2 12

12 9

9 5 11 16 10 5 15

Bartow

21 49 70 6 14 20 27 63 90 4 17

17 32 4 36 16 16 32 14

14

*Ben HilL_ __ __ 3 19 22 2 10 12 5 29 34 3 7 2 9 9 5 14 3 5 8 2 1 3

I Berrien ___ __ __ 30 41 71 8 9 17 38 50 88/ 3 41

41 16

*Bibb

2 1301134 6 49 55 8 181 189

134 55 189

Brooks__ ,__ __ __ 8 33 41 10 19 29 18 521 70

30 2 I 32 8

Bryan

12 25 37 3 15 18 15 40 55

18 1 19 11

4 20 14 13 27 30

30

134 55 189

6 14 1 831 21 24 22 8 30

2 13

15 23 28 12 40

BuIloch

45 39 84 11 17 28 56 56 112 7 28

28 24 2 26 321 26 58 30 6 36

Burke_________ 8 31 39 10 51 61 18 82 100 2 30

30 3

3 6 61 67 29

29

Butts_________ 8 39 47 2 30 32 10 69 79 5 34 2 36 8 5 13 1 24 25 14 4 18

Calhoun_______ 3 15 18 1 21 22 4 37 40 1 17 2 19 4 8 12

13 13 1

1

Camden_______ 8 20 28 5 14 17 11 34 45 1 5

5 8 5 13 14 12 26 3

3

CampbelL_____ 10 21 31 . 9 6 15 19 27 46 4 18

18 10 4 14

12 12 3 2 5

CarrolL_ __ __ __ 81 65 146 14 24 38 95 89 184 8 62 1 63 42 4 46 34 33 67 39 5 44

Catoosa Charlton

11O!11 21 3 2 5 13 13 26 3 6 1 7 13

13 2 3 5 12 1 13

8 18 1 26 2 1 3 10119 29

6

6 12. 1 131 8 2 10 6

6

-*Chatham ______

24 116 140

11

59

70

35 175

210

140 70 210

----1----

140 70 I 210

Chattahoochee 2 13 15 1 14 15 3 27 30 1 7

7 5 6 11' 2 9 11

Chattooga _____ 9 34 43 4 9 13 13 43 56 4 15 1 16 9 6 15 15 6 21 6

6

Cherokee ______ 31 54 85 2 4 6 33 58 91 3 34 1 35 27

27 21 5 26

Clarke ________ 8 23 31 2 25 27 10 48 58

Clay __________ I 10 11

14 14 1 24 25

2 27 26

4 31 6

2 16 18

3

3

7 7 22 12 34

14 14 6

6

Clayton __._____ 13 26 39 5 13 18 18 39 57 8 25

25 7 6 13

11 11 19

19

Clinch ________ 22 6 28 4' 5 9 26 11 37 2 9

9 6 4 10 7 9 16 24 6 30

Cobb _________ 25 40 65 6 17 23 31 67 88 2 18 2 20 25 4 29 20 15 35 10

10

Coffee _________ 30 30 60 4 15 19 34 45 79 2 24 1 25 18 9 27 16 9 25 10

10

Colquitt _______ 27 25 52 2 7 9 29 32 61

26

26 21 2 23 4 7 11 20 2 22

Columbia______ 2 21 23 5 25 30 7 46 53 2 16 1 17 2 1 3 4 27 31 20 5 25

Coweta________ 11 39 ,50 9 29 38 20 67 87 8 31

31 7 6 13 5 30 35 15 1 16

Crawford ______ 3 20 23 3 19 22 6 39 45

13

13 9 1 10 1 21 22 5

5

*Crisp__________ 2 24 26 2 13 15 4 37 41 1 14

14 8

8 3 15 18

Dade _________ 10 16 26

2 2 10 18 28 1 16

16 4 1 5 5 1 6 2

2

Dawson _______ 12 14 26

1 1 12 15 27 1 6

68

8 12 1 13 8

8

Decatur _______ 20 48 68 DeKalb _______ 17 14 61 Dod!1,'e ________ 12 31 ' 43

5 46 51 25 94 119 1 13 14 18 57 75 8 17 25 20 48 68

4 47
3 28 3 14

2 49 8 28 18 14 20

6 14 13 43 56 28 1 19 13 12 25 15 5 25 9 18 27 12

t 4 32
1 16 6 18

Dooly_________ 5 33 38 4 37 41 9 70 79 4 10

10 10 9 19 14 32 46 6 1 7

Dougherty_____ 4 16 20 5 29 34 9 45 54 7 13 4 17 1 6 7

23 23 20 9 29

Doug as _______ 13 19 32 9 2 11 22 21 43 1 14 2 16 14 2 16 4 7 11 7 2 9

Early _________ 13 23 36 5 29 34 18 52 70

9

9 23 1 24 4 34 38 8 2 10

Echols ________ 8 6 14 2 'I 3 10 7 17 1 2

2 7 1 8 4 2 6 14 3 17

Effingham _____ 10 35 45 4 17 21 14 52 66 1 19

19 17 2 19 8 19 27 10 4 14

Elbert ________ 12 52 64 10 57 67 22 109 131 5 33

33 20 8 28 6 59 65 15

15

*Emanuel ______ 31 46 77 10 23 33 41 69 110

Fannin________ 37 45 82

37 45 82

Fayette _______ Floyd_________

11 18

25 1 36 56 74

5 9 14 16 34 50 7 20 27 25 76 101

1 52 2 43 5 11 4 20

2 54 20 43 25 11 12 20 25

7 . 27 5 24 29 50 15 65

25 12

12 10

10

12 9 9 18 15 4 19

2 27 26 24 50

Fors:i::th - -- ---- 29 31 60 1 4 5 30 35 65 Fran lin ______ 18 10 28 4 7 11 22 17 39

5 24 5 21

1 25 18 21 15

3 21 17 1 18 20 2 17 5 10 15 10

2 22 10

*Fulton _______ c 5 80 85

19 19 5 99 104 12 77

Gilmer ________ 45 47 93

1 1 45 48 94 10 24

Glascock ______ 3 11 1 14 2 6 8 5 171 22

5

1 78 5 24 30
169

3 8 5 15 20 60 15 75

30 29 1 30 1

1

2 11 1____

5

5

3

3

6

*Local Tax County.

TABLE No. I-Continued

Number of Teachers; Grades of Teachers; Number of Normal Trained Teachers.

I

I

Number of Teachers

Grades of Teachers

Number-of Normal- Trained

Teachers

COUNTY

I White

Q)
Id ~
*Glvnn_________ 2 Gordon _______ 24 Grady ________ 24 Greene ________ 7

Q)

d S

d..,

Q)

0

.~ Eo<

57[ 59 44[ 68 40 64 25 32

Colored

.

Q)

Q)
d
~

d d..,

S0

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~

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2 23 25 246 6 16 22 10 29 39

Total

d..,

0

Q)
d
~
4

Q)
d
S
Q)
~
60

Eo<
".C::
o...j
'"64

26 48 74

30 56 86

17 54 71

First Grade Second Grade Third Grade

Q'")

I

I

'.:":

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1~ I 7 16 1 17 3 6 9
4 24 ---- 24 22 - - -- 22

16 23 20 3 23 6 24 10 -- -- 10

1 10 -- -- 10 18 5 23 35 17 52 30 10 40

2 22 5 25 6 7 13 4 27 31 10 2 12

Gwinnett______ [ 50 62 112 2 12 14 52 74 126

Habersham ____ Hall __________

18 47

27 45 56 103

1 8

3 4 19 30 49 9 17 55 65 120

2 46 - ---
6 19 -- -5 20 3

*Hancock ______ 8 30 38 Haralson ______ 27 25 52 Harris ________ 11 31 42 HarL _________ 11 39 50

9 34 43 17 64 3 9 12 30 34 4 32 36 15 63 7 18 25 18 57

81 -- -64 1 78 8 75 8

38 43 20 - - --
20 -- --
20 2

Heard ________ Henry ________
Houston ______

25 13 38 13143156 9 24 33

7 13 14 27 10 53

20 41 63

32 26 27 70 19 77

58 97 96

*Irwin _________ 121 161 28 4 11 15 16 27 43

Jackson _______ 28 64 92 6 30 36 34 94 128

1 13
3 2 2

19 -- - -
37 3
19 - - --
12 - - -31 4

Jasper ________ 12 23 35

-Jeff Davis _____ Jefferson ______

10 12

4 36

14 48

9 43 52 21 66 2 4 6 12 8 2 27 29 14 63

87 -- -- 12 3 20 - - -- -- 5 1 77 2 20 -- --

46 44 - --- 44 22 14 36 36 -- -- 36
19 16 1 17 10 3 13 22 1 23

23 22 1 23 56 13 69 11 3 14

81 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -20 14 1 15 17 11 28 12 2 14

20 22

8 14

-

----

-
-

8 14

6 7

36 17

42 34

10 11

.-..-.

--
--

10 11

19 7 3 10 11[ 17 28 2 -- -- 2

40 19 12 35

16 17 11 1
7 -- --
42 6

33 12 7

41
-- -7[

21 62 15

48 17 30

25 62 22 47

26 .... _..
14 -- -18 21 4

26 14 18 21

15 11 12 23 12 37 49 -- -- -- -- -- -6628336314

20 18 3 21 8 26 34 25 -- -- 25

....
OJ
i:>..
'"

Jenkins _______ 12 20 32 Johnson_______ 8 34 42

5 5

21 8

26 13

17 13

4412 \

58 55

*Jones _________ Laurens _______ Lee___________

9 15 2

31 66
10

40 1 5 81 11

35 25

12 2 26

40 36 28

14 66 26 91
4 40

80 117
44

2 14

14 13

13

1 32

32 5 3 8

19 3 22 16 7 23

6 54 11 65 20 19 39

11 1 12 1 3 4

3 26 29 14 -- -- I' I4

5 9 14 22 6' 28'

5 30 35 5

5

2 5 7 17 6 23

24 24 1 1 2

Liberty _______ 14 23 37 5 25 30 19 48 67 5 11

11 6

6 15 30 45 5

5

Lincoln _______ 7 16 23 6 10 16 13 26 39 1 13

13 ' 9 4 13

12 12 12 5 17

Lowndes ______ 11 28 39 7 19 26 18 47 65 2 33 2 35 4 2 6

22 22 15

15

Lumpkin ______ 17 20 37 1 3 4 18 23 41 1 7 1 8 19 1 20 10 2 12 4 2 6

Macon ________ 2 12 14 4 20 24 6 32 38

4 2 6 10 6 16

16 16

Madison_______ 11 34 45 6 12, 18 17 46 63 5 27

27 7

7 6 18 24 19 2 21

Marion________ 2 17 19 1 15 16 3 32 35

7

77

7 5 16 21 14 5 19

McDuffie ______ 9 22 31 8 21 29 17 43 60 3 20 3 23 8 7 15

33 33 16 8 24

Mclntosh______ 2 14 16 2 16 18 4 30 34 3 4

4 5 5 10 5 12 17

Meriwether ____ Miller __________

18

30

48

7 26 33 25 56

81

8 30

1--8 Milton ________
MitcheIl _______

6 11

32 49

~g

4 22

4 30

6 19

3716\

42 - - -90 4

18 27

1 31 8 4 12 2 28 30 20 4 24

18 10

----1----

10 10 4 14 22

22

2 29 18 13 31 11 15 26 20 5 25

*Monroe________ 7 44 51 5 44 49 12 88 100 *Montgomery ___ 21 40 64 11 9 20 35 49 84 *Morgan _______ 4 34 38 8 27 35 12 61 73

5 42 8 16

3 45 2 18

4 9 13 9 10 19

37 37 20 26
6 20 26 26

20 .....

5 5

31 31

ol>Q;l,

Murray _______ 16 30 46

3 3 16 33 49 2 16

16 18

18 10 3 13 5

5

Muscogee______ 6 25 31 2 20 22 8 45 53 4 20

20

12 12 2 8 10 14 6 20

Newton _______ 11 44 55 8 35 43 19 79 98

39 8 47 10 12 22 6 23 29 21 11 32

Oconee________ 7 18 25 5 18 23 12 36 48

18 2 20 6 9 15 1 12 13 18 5 23

Oglethorpe ____ 9 44 53 6 37 43 15 81 96 6 34 2 36 7 6 13 6 35 41 30 5 35

Paulding ______ 29 26 55 4 6 10 33 32 65 4 20 3 23 26 2 28 6 5 11 8

8

Pickens _______ 27 17 44

2 2 27 19 46 4 13

13 16

16 11 2 13 8

8

Pierce_________ 24 28 52 4 8 12 28 36 64

28 1 29 8 7 15 16 4 20 17 2 19

Pike __________ Polk- _________

9 10

31 40

41 50

1 29 30 10 60 6 14 20 16 54

70 70

6 29 20

29 3 5 8 2 25 27 ' 22 5 27 20 15 1 16 17 17 34 15 4 19

Pulaski _______ 11 47' 58 5 21 26 16 68 84 3 38

38 9 3 12 9 22 31 19 1 20

Putnam _______ 5 15 20 5 19 24 10 34 44 2 8 4 12 7 6 13 3 14 17 9 2 11

*Quitman ______ I 18 19 Rabun ________ 13 20 33

2

8 10 3 26 2 2 13 22

29 35

I

3 1

14 11

14 2 3 5

7 7 8 2 10

11 8

8 14 2 16 7

7

*Randolph _____ 10 30 40 5 29 34 15 29 74 ;t'Richmond _____ 13 122 135 8 42 50 21 164 185

1~ I 4 28 2 30 5 4 9 3 24 27 7

1:>

82 11 93 23 14 37 30 25 55 60

75-

*Local Tax County.

TABLE No. I-Continued Number of Teachers; Grades of Teachers; Number of Normal Trained Teachers.

COUNTY

I

Number of Teachers

I~~I ~ Colored

Total

00

Cl>

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00 ~ Cl>

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Grades of Teachers

First Grade

.C.l,>
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0
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0

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I Second Grade I

.C.l,>
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\

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Number of Normal-Trained
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R o c k d a l e ______ Schley ________ *Screven _______

6 3 25

15 21 1
7 10 - --
41 66 14

12 12 28

13 7 12 3 42 39

271 19

34 22

-----1

69 108 6

14 6
37

3 17 6 28 1 2 39 11

4 10 1 6 7 161 31 19 2 3 3 8 11 4 2 6 5 16 12 35 47 16 7 23

Spalding ______ 9 16 25 1 20 41 10 36 46 _. -- 25 - - -- 25 1- - --

2

2 - - - - 19 19

4 - - --

4

Stephens ______ 11 15 26 1 6 7 12 21 33 Stewart _______ 8 25 33 12 30 42 20 55 75 Sumter________ 6 22 28 5 31 36 11 53 64

1 13 - - -- 13 4 18 - - - - 18 3 26 - - - - 26

5 9 2

1 6 7 6 13 7 2 9
3 12 3 38 41 -- -- -- -- -- -8 10 - - -- 28 28 22 16 38

Talbot ________ 4 18 22 4 20 24 8 381 46

3 17

1 18

2

2

4 - - -- 21 21 -- -- -- -- -- --

Taliaferro _____ 4 15 19 8 11 19 12 26 38 4 14 6 20 2 9 11 - - -- 3 3 10 5 15-

TattnalL ______ 23 45 68 7 10 17 30 55 85 2 33 - - -- 33 15 3 18 17 14 31 45 4 49

Taylor ________ 6 27 33 5 14 19 11 41 52 2 11 2 13 12 2 14 8 13 21 8 2 10

Telfair ________ 9 20 29 3 10 13 12 30 42 7 10 1 11 6 2 8 7 8 15 20 6 26;

*Terrell ________ 6 28 34

Thomas _______ *Tift___________

17 5

22 21

39 26

6 29 35 12 57 8 31 39 25 53 2 5 7 7 26

69 1- - -- 33

8 41

1 13 14 - - - - 14 14

78 -- -- -- -- I- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

33 - - -- 26

2 28 - - --

2

2 - - --

3

3

28
10 24

4 32 9 19 2 26

Toombs _______ 6 18 24 2 5 7 8 23 31 2 15 1 16 5 2 7 2 4 6 7 - - -- 7

Towns ________ T r o u p _________

15 4

10 24

25 - -- - -- - --
28 2 36 38

15 6

10 60

25 66

2 10 - - - - 10 10 - - - - 10 3 - - -- 3 10 - - -- 10 1 12 - - -- 12 5 2 7 10 36 46 -- -- -- -- -- --

Turner ________ 6 18 24 1 7 8 7 25 32 - - --

7 - - --

7 10 - - -- 10

7

8 15

7 - ---

7:

Twiggs________ Union _________ Upson ________ Walker________ Walton _______ Ware _________
Warren _______
Washington ___

2 42 8 26
10
33
Jl
13

W Wea l ns tee-r-_-__-_- _-_-_White__ ~ ______

20 12
15

Whitfield______ Wilcox ________ Wilkes ________

27 9
6

Wilkinson _____ Worth ________

1

9 29

21 23 - -- 29 29[ 21 501 52 1- - -18 60 - -- 1 1 42 19 61 1

28 36 4 20 24 12 48 60 6

53 79 4 10 14 30 63 93 19

33 43 6 20 26 16 53 69 4

14 47 4 4 8 37 18 55 1

15 26 15 13 28 2,6 28, 54 5

60 73 12 29 41 25 89 114 '8"'

35 55 5 8 13 25 43 68 1

12 24 3 15 18 15 27 42 1

14 29 2 1 3 17 15 32 1

34 61 20 29 25 31

1 7 - 8 28 41 I 69 ~ ... -

1 11 12 10 31 8 ,25 33 14 50

~~ 1- --4

31 40 49 78

3 21[24 12 52 1 64 2 5 31 1 36 34 I 80 114 1 ____ 1

15 - - -18 - - - 20 1: 50 - - -36 1 19 - - -10 2 34 - - -17 1 18 - - -91 21 2
73 21 1 15 3 30 - - --

15 18 21
50
37 19 12 34
18
18 10
23 10 22
18
30

7 91
33 -- - 5 - - --
37 4 5 20 14 4
10 4 11 2 21 4
38
.7 1
18 3 18 7 73 17 4 18 4

16 1 33 9 55 41 2
25 -- --
18 3 14 3 13 10 25 16 11 3 8 12 21 22 25 4
10 -- --
21 6 22 25

21 1
23 9 4 4 21
6 8 9 1 3 2 28 17 26

21 9 9 18

10 -- -- -- --

-- --

28 10 1 11

11 23 2 25

4 36 3 39

7 13 - - -- 13

_ ~~1 _ ~1 24 5
16 34
24 24 12 -- --

13 - - - - - - - - -

- --

25 2 - - - - 2

6 10 2 12

---~ 28

-- --

23

2

51

1==== 6

*Local Tax County, tFigures of 1907.

COUNTY

TABLE No. I-Continued Average Monthly Salaries Paid Teachers. Total Amount Paid Teaohers.

Average Monthly Salaries Paid Teachers

First Grade

Second Grade

Third Grade

Total Amount Paid Teachers

--I
BApaEelirn_g_-__--__- _--__-_- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- $ Baldwin________________ Banks _________________ Bartow ________________ *Ben HilL______________ Berrien ________________ *Bibb___________________
Br6'oks_________________ Bryan _________________ Bulloch ________________ Burke__________________ Butts __________________
Calhoun________________ Camden ________________
CampbelL ______________ Carroll _________________ Catoosa ________________ Charlton _______________

:~ .'c"l
~

"'.00"..
'0
0

:~ .'c"l
~

".'00"..
'0
0

"0

:~ .'c"l
~

1::
0
'0
0

:~ .'c"l
~

".'00.".
'0
0

35 00 $ 25 00 $ 30 O(} $ 20 00 $ 25 00 $ 15 00 $ 5,130 80 $ 1,315 75 $

40 00 25 00 35 00 20 00 30 00 16 00

4,587 65

2,452 50

55 00 45 00 40 00 20 00 30 00 18 00

7,686 00

3,263 50

46 30 -- -- ---- 30 51 -------- 29 84 21 56

5,630 45

1,187 70

45 00 -- -- ---- 31 00 30 00 25 00 22 00 14,102 04

2,760 71

50 00 40 00 40 00 20 00 30 00 15 00

3,720 00

563 50

40 00 -- -- ---- 35 00 25 00 30 00 20 00 13,100 00

1,800 00

55 00 33 66 -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ -- -- -- -- ----

40 00 25 00 30 00 20 00 25 00 15 00 12,160 81

3,186 00

38 80 25 00 28 50 20 00 22 00 1600

3,836 50

1,224 00

37 50 -- -- ---- 27 50 -------- 22 50 15 00 13,63& 27

2,111 23

50 00 -------- 40 00 --------
50 00 25 00 40 00 18 00

35 00 20 00 30 00 15 00

13,508 25 10,073 97

7,334 00 1,672 18

45 00 35 00

20 22

00 00

37 00 --------

17 00
-- -- ----

--------
--------

13 00 -- -- ----

5,974 00 3,382 50

1,779 25 1,661 00

45 00 -------- 31 00 20 00 -------- 15 00

7,134 53

42 50 22 50 40 00 22 00 35.00 20 00 23,690 64

1,247 80 2,578 81

44 11 25 00 30 00 --------

38 00 -------30 00 22 00

35 00 30 00

22 50
22 00 I

3,879 62 5,145 00

474 59 340 00

OJ
~
0
Eo<

6,446 55 ol'-

7,040

15

<:Jl t<>

10,949 50

6,548 15

16,862 75

4,283 50

14,900 00

85,224 56

15,346 81

5,060 50

15,754 50

20,842 25

11,746 15

7,753 25

5,043 50

8,381 33

26,269 45

4,354 21

5,485 00

*Chatham ___________ ---Chattahoochee __________ Chattooga _________ - ---Cherokee _______________ Clarke _____________ -- __ Clay ___________ -- -- ---Clayton ________ - ___ ---Clinch _____________ ---Cobb ______________ ---Coffee __________________
Colquitt_______ -_ -_ - ---Columbia____ "______ ---Coweta____ - - __ - - - - - - - -Crawford ___________ ----
*if~d~ ~ ~_=~=~=~=~=~=C= == Dawson ___ "- - - - - - - - - - -Decatur ________ -- -- ---DeKalb ____________ ---Dodge _________ -- -- ---Dooly__________ -- -- ---Dougherty_____ -- _-- ---Douglas ________ -- -- ---Early _________ -- -- -- --Echols ___________ -- ----
Effingham ______ -_ -- ---Elbert ________ - - ___ ---*FEamnanni nu_e_L______________-_- _-_- _-_-_-_-
Fayette ____ -_ -- -- -- ----
~Fr~a~n~lhin==__==__=_=_=_= =-=__=_= -==- -==-
*Fulton _________ - ___ ----
Gilmer _____ -- -- -- -- -- -Glascock ___ -_ -- -- -- ----
*Local Tax County.

74 50 40

00 00 00

42 00
--------
30 00

--------
40 0 35 00

--------1-------20 00 30 00 25 00 30 00

--------
17 00 20 00

05 -- -- ---60 00 41 00

476 45 00

-- -- ---24 00

04 --------

-- -- ---20 00

50 00 -------56 00 18 00

40 00 -------- -- -- ---45 00 18 00 -- -- ----

18 00 18 00

65 00 30 00 40 00 20 00 24 00 15 00

50 00 35 00 40 00 25 00 35 00 20 00

40 00 30 00 41 76 05 00

25 00 20 00 30 00 25 00

35 00 27 00 35 00 45 00

20 00 15 00 20 00 22 00

30 00 24 00
36 251 35 00

I 17 50
1152 5307 17 00

45 00 --------1
40 00 -------43 00 -- -- ---40 00 -------53 00 32 00

40 00 25 00 32 00 -------26 66 25 00 30 00 -------31 00 30 00

35 00 25 00 19 66 26 00 21 00

14 00 15 00 20 00 26 00 19 00

40 00 20 00 35 00 20 00 30 00 20 00

40 00 22 00 35 00 18 00 30 00 16 00

42 00 -------- 35 00 50 00 30 00 --------

20 00 28 00 25 00 --------

15 00 20 00

40 00 30 00 35 00 27 50 27 50 20 00

59 00 -------40 00 --------

44 14 -- -- ----
32 50 15 00

37 50 25 00

18 00 10 00

25 00 22 00 -------- -------- -------- --------

41 00 -------40 00 21 00

26 00 30 00

18 00 19 00 15 00 ',20 00

15 00 11 00

50 00 -----52 00 -------60 00 30 00

30 00 -------41 00 -- -- ---45 00 20 00

25 00 -------30 00 20 00 35 00 18 00

50 00 40 00 40 00 30 00 30 00 20 00

476

4;

60 00 30 00

32 00 --------

30 00 20 00

4t 50 00
I 25 00
-- -~;-~~ I 25 00

4t/

3~1

3~1

2400 0000 25 00

2200 0000 t 18 00

93,000 00 23,550 00

2,203 30

1,296 25

6,639 41

1,308 00

10,837 75

550 89

8,514 36 4,299 97;

2,475 00

1,260 00

8,265 50

1,984 08

6,436 69

826 00

12,063 81

1,798 84

8,476 56

1,627 60

8,791 16

650 00

4,785 34

2,435 15

lil,820 34

2,339 68

5,895 00

1,766 00

4,958 82

1,007 40

3,418 00

225 00

3,487 32

48 96

14,912 21

5,624 50

10,880 13

1,217 70

8,837 25

1,873 85

11,634 15

3,077 75

4,555 94

4,594 00

7,701 22

1,209 20

11,800 60

2,158 87

1,949 75

195 00

5,642 58

1,990 78

8,590 53

2,650 10

16,399 87/ 2,308 65

12,129 00 -- -- -- -- ----

8,024 00

1,025 00

14,082 44

1,809 12

9,564 40

622 96

7;115 09

1,437 72

29,984 79

4,500 00

7,781 00

48 00

2,682 25

988 00

116,550 00 3,499 55 7,947 41 11,388 64
12,814 33 3,735 00
10,249 58 7,262 69
13,862 85 10,104 16 9,441 16 7,220 49 16,160 02 7,661 00 5,966 22 3,643 00 3,536 28 20,536 71
'" 12,097 83 ~
10,711 10 C 14,711 90 9,149 94 8,910 42 13,959 47 2,144 75
7,633 36 11,240 63 18,708 52 12,129 00
9,049 00 15,901 56 10,187 36 8,552 81 34,484 79 7,829 00 3,670 25

- - - - - - - - " - - - ~"- ----~-~ " ------~--~---------

TABLE No. I-Continued

COUNTY

Average Monthly SalariesPaid Teachers. Total Amount Paid Teaceers.
-

Average Monthly Salaries Paid Teachers

Total Amount Paid Teachers

First" Grade

I I Second Grade

Third Grade

I

I

<ll
:a-+"
~

"0
.<..ll
0
'0
Q

<ll
:a-+"
~

"0
.<..ll
0
'0
Q

<ll
:a-+"
~

..."0
<ll
0
'0
Q

<ll
;a-+"
~

..."0
<ll 0
'0
Q

*Glynn__________________ Gordon ________________
!Giady _________________ Greene _________________

55 00 30 00 42 50 -------50 00 -------51 00 25 00

40 00 22 50 35 00 -------40 00 24 00 33 00 22 00

30 00 25 00 33 00 25 00

15 00 17 50 18 00 17 00

I
15,324 60 10,534 63 12,399 35 8,402 27

4,000 00 444 00
2,332 00 3,647 00

Gwinnett_______________ Habersham _____________ Hall ___________________ *Hancock_______________ Haralson _______________
Harris _________________ Hart___________________ Heard ________'_________ Henry _________________

40 00 3300 40 00
--------
35 00 54 00 35 00 63 00 50 00

--------
--------
30 00
--------
---------------
20 00 35 00 20 00

35 00 30 00 30 00
--------
30 00 39 00 27 50 54 00 40 00

--------
28 00 25 00
--------
25 00
--------
18 00 25 00 17 50

30 00 25 00 25 00
--------
25 00 30 00 20 00 45 00 30 00

20 00 15 00 16 00
--------
20 00 17 00 16 00 15 00 15 00

21,659 57 6,357 15 14,161 23
------------
11,654 50 10,305 51 6,974 66 8,029 92 14,948 53

1,279 11 346 25
1,451 61
------------
683 49 3,200 50 1,255 32 1,437 88 2,439 66

Houston _______________ 50 00 30 00 35 00 20 00 30 00 16 00 10,678 28

4,509 25

*Irwin __________________ Jackson ________________ Jasper _________________

46 15 -------52 00 --------; 57 00 40 00

36 07 -- -- ---37 00 25 00 35 00 20 00

33 30 28 00 30 00

19 40 19 00 15 00

4,796 98 18,963 61
7,279 22

1,062 00 2,245 91 3,511 85

Jeff Davis ______________ 45 00 30 00 37 50 20 00 25 00 15 00

2,766 60

605 00

0;
-+" 0
Eo<
19,324 60 10,978 63 14,731 35 12,049 27 22,938 68
6,703 40 15,612 84 17,753 05 12,337 99 13,506 01 8,229 38 9,467 80 17,388 19 15,187 53 5,858 98 21,209 52 10,791 07 3,371 60

Jefferson _______________ Jenkins ________________ J o h n s o n ________________ *Jones __________________ Laurens ________________ Lee ____________________
Liberty ________________ Lincoln ________________ Lowndes _______________

40 00 18 60 40 00 18 60 40 00 54 00 -------- 45 00 -- -- ---- 29 00 45 00 25 00 35 00 22 50 25 00 50 00 25 00 35 00 16 00 30 00 45 00 24 00 30 00 18 00 20 00 52 16 30 00 -------- 22 50 -------45 00 -------- 33 00 -------- 27 00 42 57 -------- 33 00 21 25 -------45 00 25 00 40 00 16 00 35 00

18 60 17 50 20 00 14 00 12 00 18 00 15 00 18 75 15 00

9,506 25 6,846 41 8,038 20 10,642 65 15,409 50 3,129 95 9,296 95 4,265 00 11,049 78

2,562 00 2,426 25
988 75 3,712 20 3,048 86 2,440 93 3,109 48 1,550 00 2,564 55

12,068 25 9,272 6& 9,026 75 1'4,354 85 18,458 36 5,570 88 12,406 43 5,815 00 13,614 33

ML uamcopnk_i n______-_- _-_- _-_- _-_-_-_c_-_-_Madison________________ Marion _________________ McDuffie _______________ Mclntosh_______________

38 00 38 00 33 00 33 00 28 00 28 00 50 00 35 00 34 50 23 15 25 00 17 50 42 00 -------- 37 00 -------- 29 00 20 00 48 00 -------- 35 00 -------- 20 00 17 50 35 50 17 17 -------- -------- -------- -------52 00 37 50 35 00 25 00 31 25 12 50

4,709 77 3,838 95 9,723 40 5,260 00 6,721 00 2,990 00

403 46 3,127 38 19,65 65 -1,195 00 2,465 00 1,787 50

5,113 23 6,966 33 11,689 05 6,455 00 9,186 00 4,777 50

Meriwether _____________ 68 51 25,00 32,90 20 00 25 00 14 00 16,383 35

2,658 35 19,041 70

Miller ____ -- -- -_ -- -- -- __ 1 __ -- ---Milton _____ __ __ __ __ __ __ 50 00

MitchelL _______________ 40 00

*Monroe_________________ 40 00

*Montgomery ____________ *Morgan ________________
Murray ________________ Muscogee _______________ Newton ________________ Oconee_________________

45 00 47 90 37 00 50 00 45 00 45 00

---------------
25 00 35 00 18 00 30 00 -------20 00 25 00 25 00

-----~--I--------I--------I--------------------

40 00 -------- 30 0 30 00

5,138 46

35 00 16 50 27 50 14 00 12,866 68

35 00 25 00 -------- 15 00 -------- -------- -,------- --------

16,603 85 17,548 48

33 30 25 60 28 50 17 10 10,891 75

32 00 -------- 26 00 20 00

6,884 70

40 00 20 00 35 00 18 00

8,999 50

35 00 17 50 25 00 12 50

9,721 49

35 00 22 00 2500 20 00

4,624 53

-- -- -- -- -- --1-- -- -- -- ----

378 94

5,517 40

3,509 99 16,376 67

6,356 22 22,960 07

1,951 51 19,499 -98

4,742 50 15,634 25

295 00

7,179 70

3,055 00 12,054 50

1,982 90 11,704 39

2,231 38

6,855 91

~
""<:>Il

/

Oglethorpe _____________ Paulding _____ " _________ Pickens ________________ Pierce __________________

49 00 30 00 40 00 35 00 45 00 -- -- ---40 00 25 00

33 00 24 00 35 00 30 00 36 00 -------33 00 20 00

31 00 30 00 30 00 25 00

17 00 20 00 23 00 20 00

9,210 81 8,465 43 6,506 55 6,074 57

3,724 50 966 95 205 00
1,170 50

12,935 31 9,432 38 6,711 55 7,245 07

Pike ___ "_______________ Polk ___________________ Pulaski ________________

50 00 -------42 00 28 00 45 00 25 00

35 00 40 00 35 00

20 00 20 00 20 00

25 00 35 00 30 00

15 00 17 00 15 00

Putnam ________________ *Quitman _______________
Rabun _________________ *Randolph ______________

48 00 50 00
-------53 91

13 00 ---------------
33 33

48 00 40 00 -------38 66

13 00 22 00
-------20 00

48 00
-- -- ----
-------25 00

13 00 22 00 -------15 00

13,500 65 10,210 47 10,290 84 6,538 49 3,587 50 4,386 10 15,786 58

2,122 90 1,366 63 1,749 75 2,070 50 15,60 90
180 00 4,487 75

15,623 55 11,577 10 12,040 59 8,608 !}9 5,148 40
4,566 10 20,274 3s.

*Local Tax County.

------------- -------------------- ~---

COUNTY

TABLE No. I-Continued Average Montllly Salaries Paid Teachers. Total Amount Paid Teachers.

Average Monthly Salaries Paid Teachers

loirst Grade

Second Grade

Third Grade-

Total Amount Paid Teachers

*Richmond ______________ 1
Rockdale. ______________ Schley _________________ *Screven ________________ Spalding ____________ . __ Stephens _______________ Stewart ____________ . ___ Sumter______ . __________ Talbot _________________
Taliaferro ______________ TattnalL _______________ Taylor _. _______________
Telfair ______________ . __ *Terrell. ___ . ____________
Thomas _____ c. _________ *Tift_________________ . __
Toombs .. ______________ Towns _________________

..a.:>,

.." ~

.a..:>,

..."0
a:>

..a.:>,

..."0
a:>

:E
~

I

0
'0
0

I

:E
~

0
'0
1--0 -11-

:E
~

0
'0
0
1

1

50 00 25 00 50 00 25 00 50 00 25 00

36 54 22 50 28 17 17 50 20 00 15 00

55 00 35 00 35 00 22 00 25 00 20 00

55 00 -------- 42 27 21 40 33 50 17 50

75 00 -------- 40 00 25 00 -------- 15 00

37 00 -------- 29 00 17 00 23 00 13 00

43 50 27 50 40 00 24 00 27 50 20 80

52 50 37 50 35 00 25 00 -------- 20 00

51 62 17 47 37 25 17 47 -------- 17 47

50 00 25 00 40 00 20 0 37 00 18 00

37 00 -------- 30 00 22 00 25 00 15 00

40 00 20 00 37 05 18 00 30 00 15 00

40 00 20 00 35 00 15 00 30 00 12 00

75 00 25 00 30 00 20 00 25 00 15 00

50 00 30 00 -------- ------_ ..... -------- --------

52 00 25 00 -------- 20 00

15 00

35 00 20 00 30 00 12 00 25 00 12 00

30 00 -------- 25 00 -------- 20 00 -- -- ----

..a.:>,

..."0
a:>

:E
~

0
'0
0

1

65,347 08 18,792 51

3,162 40

732 32

2,165 65

1,544 19

16,610 95

3,764 10

7,965 00

1,655 00

3,814 87

627 10

5,282 00

4,926 85

7,908 62

5,516 00

6,64253

2,423 21

. 4,969 00

2,482 15

18,998 58

836 70

6,866 85

1,774 00

6,000 00

1,061 00

16,141 22

4,068 25

11,029 60

5,804 00

7,860 00

728 00

3,552 00

512 00

3,334 98 --------~---

~...,

0

Eo-<

II>-

84,139

59

C>t Cl>

3,894 72

3,854 68

20,375 05

9,620 00

4,441 97

10,208 85

13;424 62

9,065 74

7,451 15

19,835 28

8,640 85

7,061 00

20,209 49

16,833 96

8,588 00

4,064 00

3,334 98

Ti~w~i~g~g;s_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_~_=_=_
Union _________________ Upson _________________ Walker_________________ Walton ________________ Ware __________________ Warren ________________ Washington ____________
W Wealnstee-r-_-_-_-__--__-_- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_White__________________
Whitfield_______________ Wilcox_________________ Wilkes _________________ Wilkinson ______________ Worth _________________
*Local Tax County. tFigures of 1907.

68 02 -------40 00 --------

37 01 20 00 35 00 --------

35 31 I 17 75
30 00 14 00

45 00 25 00 35 00 21 00 30 00 17 00

34 00 -------54 00 --------

30 00 -------36 00 --------

26 00 27 00

26 00 23 00

42 00 20 00

31),4 23 50 20 00 17 00

50 00 30 00 40 00 21 00 -------- --------

37 47

25 57 -- --.---- -- -- ---- -------- --------

50 00 30 00 4000 2000 80 00 15 00

5235 -------- 42 40 21 50 33 00 16 00

34 45 26 00 28 59 19 20 22 41 16 00

6P 00 25 00 40 00 22 50 40 00 20 00

35 00 20 00 30 00 18 00 25 00 16 00

40 00 23 00 35 00 21 00 30 00 18 00

42 89 20 00 29 07 17 00 23 00 15 00

43 10 18 00 37 50 18 00 -------- 15 00

36 00 25 00 27 00 20 00 25 00 15 00

50 00 -------- 45 00 20 00 40 00 15 00

14,286 12
3,877 65 5,210 21
7,299 97 10,525 36 10,889 38 16,494 84
4,071 83 6,752 00 21,416 22 8,042 63
3,731 76 4,141 25
7,470 77 6,625 70 9,764 00
6,900 00 9,630 40

4,750 45 711 70
2,109 63 130 00
2,940 00 ( 1,131 60
3,057 10 293 00
3,582 00 4,527 50 1,340 50
1,746 00 201 50
643 70 865 50 4,010 00
2,340 00
'2,470 50

19,036 57 4,589 35 7,319 84
7,429 97 13,465 36 12,020 98
19,251 94 4,464 83
10,334 00 25,943 72
9,383 13 5,477 76 4,342 75 8,114 47
7,491 20 13,774 00
9,240 00
12,100 90

TABLE No.2.
NumberofSchools ; Enrollment; Attendance; Monthly Cost; Number of Visits of Com. missioner; Number of Days Schools were kept in Operation.

COUNTY

Number of Schools

TABLE No.2 Number of Schools; Enrollment.

White

Enrollment Colored

Total

"0

Q)

~
..=

f

-;

.

..,

~

~
8

"..;,

~

8~

::s

~

0
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ApplI.ng

___

__

__

__

__

1

-3-9

1

-1-3

1

-5-2

17-35-

17-99-

1-1,534

1

Baker_____________

17

19

36 279 291

570

Baldwin__ __ __ __ __ _

18

26

44 589 500

1,089

Banks __ __ __ __ __ __

28

11

39 1,062 960 2,022

Bartow c- -- -- __ _ __

45

16

61 1,665 1,496 3,161

*Ben HilL_ __ __ __ __

20

9

29 388 411

799

Berrien __ __ __ ___ __

.54

14

68 1,920 1,828

37,48

* Bibb_ __ ___ __ __ __ __

30

20

50 2,441 2,591

5,032

Brooks____________ Bryan ------------

35 25

30 16

I 65 831
41 491

902 687

1,733 1,178

Bulloch _ _ ___ __ __ __

58

26

84 1,729 1 824

3,553

Burke -_ __ __ __ __

26

62

881 431 ' 529

960

Butts_ __ __ __ __ __ __

21

21

42 945 8.54 1,799

Calhoun___________

11

23

34 315 350

665

Camden__ __ __ __ __ _

27

20

47 253 266

519

CampbelL __ __ ___ __

24

15'

29 1,025 1,150

2,175

Carroll_ ___ __ __ __ __

83

22 105 3,418 2,907 6,325

Catoosa

I

24 I

4 1 28 I 653 1 644 I 1,2971

Q)
:":s;
1
206 629 923 375 560 234 364 1,658 876 306 766 1,581 742 551 416 475 734
511

1
I 253.
721
1,177 1 319
638 245 433
2,025 1,204
392 1,020
2,489 847
730 535 545 744
63 1

"..;,
0
Eo-.
459 1,350 2,100
694 1,19B.
479 797 3,683 2,080 698 1,786 4,070 1,589 1,281 951 1,020 1,481 114

Q)
:":s;
941 908 1,511 1,137 2,225 622 2,284 4,099 1,707 797 2,495 2,012 1,687 866 669 1,500 4,152 704

Q)
";
...8 Q)
- - - - 0II'--
1,052 1,993 o 1,012 1,920 1,677 3,189 1,279 2,716 2,134 4,359
646 1,278 2,261 4,545 4,616 8,715 2,106 3,813 1,072 1,876 2,844 5,339 3,018 5,030 1,701 3,388 1,080 1,946
801 1,470 1,695 3,195 3,654 7,806
707 1,411

Charlton __ -- -_ -- __ I
*Chatham __________

281 22

41 32

Chattahoochee _____

14

14

Chattooga _________ Cherokee __________ Clarke ____________ Clay ______________
Clayton ___________
I Clinch ____________
CCoofbfbee___--__--__-_- _-_-_-_-____

31 56 12
8 25
4523 \ 51

11
5 14 14
15 9
23 20

Colquitt- __________

47

9

Columbia__________ Coweta____________

20 38

26 30

Crawford __________ *Crisp______________
Dade _____________
Da wson ___________ Decatur ___________
DeKalb ___________

19 22
20 24
43
35

22
15 2
1 40 11

Dod,g;e ____________ Dooly_____________

39 26

23 28

Dougherty_________

5

24

Douglas ___________ Early _____________
Echols ____________
Effingham _________

22

9

HI28/
35

34 3/
17 I

Elbert ____________ *Emanuel __________

45, 351

60

31

Fannin__ -_ - ___ - ___ 1 53

Fayette ___________ Floyd_____________

28 52

12 26

Forsyth ___________

48

5

Franklin __________

34

15

*Fulton ____________

31

13

Gilmer ____________

491

1

*Local Tax County.

321 3611 54 2,670 28 201 42 984 61 2,307
26 326 22 154 40 775 51 812
76 2,035 71 1,101 56 1,216 46 360 68 1,109 41 465
37 459 22 538
25 623 83 ],255 46 1,308 62 1 ],090 541 635
r-il 231 921 62/ 782 17 291 52 635 80 1,111 91 2,056
53 1,665 40 702 78 1,417 53 1,615 49 1,125 44 1,890 50 1,317

491/ 2,792
189 835
1,927 378 133 688 832
1,665 952
1,488 284
"~51~3I 430
536 ],311
],145
990 634
346 933 ],048
239
600 899
1,897 1,600
639
1,403
I 1,369
11,,815520 1,229

8521

411

5,462 1,722/

390

419

1,819

299

4,234

117

704

642

287

351

1,463

518

1,644

305

3,700

607

2,053

280

2,404

195

644

756

2,120 1,555

886

552

972

321

968

40

1,159

17

2,566 ],330

2,453

276

2,080

643

1,269

943

577

651

1,854

341

I 1,830
1,523305

811 35815

2,100 1,099

~:~~~ ,-- -- -~~~

I 1,341
2,820

401 517

2,984,

129

2,2751 3,742/ 2,546

'

310 740 1

51

711 2,332
492 306 123 737 554 5,57 365 500 354 240 947 1,641 628 435
48 18 ],581 291 658 1,222 975 356 1,124 69 494 1,171
1,0941
405 372 129 315 733
7

112 4,054
911 605 240 1,379 905 1,075 670 1,107 634 435 1,703 3,196 1,180 756
88 35 2,911 567 1,301 2,165 1,626 697 1,935 120 879 2,270
1,952
806 889 258 625 1,473
12

402
4,392 620
1,283 2,424
968 505
1,293 1,117 2,642
1,381 14,00
1,116 2,664 1,017
780 578 640
2,585 1,584 1,733
1,578 882
1,262
1,593 342
1,020
2,210 2,914 1,665
1,103 1,934 1,744 1,435
2,630 1,324

562 5,124
681 1,141
2,150 1,115
687 1,245 1,197
2,1651 1,306 1,728 1,231 2,652 1,049
948 478 554
2,892 1,436 1,648
1,856 1,321 1,289 2,172
308 1,094 2,160
2,991 1,600 1,044
1,775 1,498 1,465
2,585 1,234

964

9,516

1,301

2,424

4,574

2,083

1,192

2,538

2,314

4,807

2,687

3,139

2,347

5,316

2,066

1,728

1,056

1,194 5,477

~ Cl>

3,020 ""'

3,381

3,434

2,203

2,551

3,765

650

2,114

4,370

5,905

3,265

2,147

3,709

3,242

2,900

5,215

2,558

TABLE No.2-Continued. Number of Schools; Enrollment

Number of Schools

COUNTY

:.E<.,ll

"'0
<...l.l
0

1IS-: 1-8 '

GlaSCOCk----------1 14

8

*Glynn_____________

18 1 16

Gordon

49

6

Grady

, 46

20

Gr~~l1e
Gwinnett

!1 26 76

39 10

Habersham__ __ __ __

37

4

Hall

1 64

14

*Hancock _ __ __ __ __ _

26

33

Haralson ___ __ __ __ _

36

6

Harris

-c -- _\

29

36.

HarL_ __ __ __ __ __ __

26

15

Heard __ __ __ __ __ __

38

20

H~nry

30

27

Houston

24

37

*Irwin _ ____ __ __ __ __

26

16

Jackson___________

48

20

Jasper

1 24

29

J,
~ I~
221~
34 I 722 55 1,571 66 1,299 65 616 86 3,486 41 1,214
71'. 2,612 59 588
42 1,623 65 561
41 1,500 58 1,142
57 1,310 61 530
42 475 68 2,406 53 472

White
<ll
~
S
<ll ~
435 738 1 11,,245898 1 5521 21,,901218 1
I 2,536240
1,982 592
1,480 1,049 1,205
514
2425
2,314 39 1

883 1,460 1 3,059 2,558
1,168 6,414
2,225 I 4,932 1,152
3,60.5 1,153 2,980 2,191
2,515 1,044
900 4,720
864

Enrollment

Colored

Total

198 478 106 559 1,227 362
87 413 1,300 261 1,023 665 537 1,263 1,362 320 891
1,077

<ll

~
S

~
..,

~<ll

::_s _ ~

I_ _ ~

I_I_ _

I

222 502
101 I
591
1,456
421 90
376
1,703 344
1,332 675
547 1,177 1,803
350 942
1,120

420 980 207 1,150
2,683
7831 177
789 I
3,003 605
2,355 1,340
1,084 2,440 3,165
670 1,833
2,1971

646 1,200 1,677 1,858
1,843
3,848 1,301
3,025 I
1,8881 1,884 ,
1,584 2,165
1,679 2,573 1,892
795 3,297
1,549

~..,
o

<ll

Eo-<

~
S

e]

~__ I--.0__ ~

657\ 1,240 1,589 1,850
2,008
3,349 1,101
2,696
2,267 2,326
1,924 2,155
1,596 ,2,382 2,317
775 3,256
,1,512

1,313 to 2,440 3,266 ,3,708
3,851
7,197 2,402
5,721
4,155 4,210
3,508 4,320
3,275 4,955 4,209 1,570 6,553
3,061

Jeff Davis _________ 1 20

Jefferson __________

36

Jenkins ___________ Johnson___________

18 33

*.rones _____________

28

Lt:ib~e~r~t~y~_~_=_~_=_~_=_=_=_~_=_=I

67 11 35

Lincoln ___________

21

Lowndes __________

34

Lumpkin __________

29

Macon ____________

12

Madison___________

31

Marion_________ c __

14

McDuffie __________

24

McIntosh__________

1O

Meriwether ________

45

Miller

~------------

Milton ____________

2O

MitchelL __________

39

*Monroe ____________

38

*Montgomery _______

45

*Morgan ___________

26

Murray ___________

36

Muscogee__________

14

Newton ___________

25

Oconee____________

22

Oglethorpe ________

33

Paulding __________

38

Pickens ___________

34

Pierce_____________

42

Pike ______________

30

PoIL _____________

28

Pulaski ___________

41

putnam ___________ 1 17

*Quitman __________

9

Rabun _-- -- -- -- -- _ I, 28

*Local Tax County.

6

26 412\ 351

763

28

64 1 938 970

1,908

23

411 580 443 1,023

93

105

198

869

1,138 1 2.007

608

806 1,414

17

50 1 946 953

1,899

405

476

881

33

61 430 460

890

835 1,157 1,992

34 101 1,852 1,701 3,553 1,092 1,393 2,485

27

38 156 172

328

635

843

1,478

35

70 524 562

1,086

671

823

1,496

16

37 456 395

851

419

560

979

24

58/ 792 772

1,564

823

888 1,711

3

32 548 505

1,053

44

34

78

24

36 238 212

450

677

885 1,562

17

48 1,352 1,240 2,592

533

600 1,133

5

19 498 443

941

502

567

1,069

26

50 523 489

1,012

543

727/ 1,270

15

25 136 166

302

380

469

849

33

78 1,248 1,263

2,511

1,086

1,404

2,490

-------- -------- -------- --------

4

24 799 841

1,640

97

96

193

28

67 1,373 1,269 2,642

894 1,088 1,982

44

82 882 845

1,727

1,657

1,948

3,605

20

65 1,446 1,437 2,883

439

603 1,042

34

60 758 644 1,402 1,312 1,515 2,827

3

39 1,147 1,105 2,252

43

45

88

6

20 456 515

971

740

950 1,690

28

53 850 880 1,730

16

38 649 562

1,211

963 690

1,002 762

1,965 1,452

36

69 902 856 1,758 1,292 1,4651 2,757

10

48 1,685 1,565 3,250

226

190 I

416

2

36 1,082 947

2,029

43

39

82

12

54 962 850 1,812

200

228

428

26

56 747 771

1,518

685

902

1,587

14

42 1,274 1,171 2,444

340

394

734

26

67 1,096 982 2,078

687

946 1,633

27

44 260 284

9

18 117 107

544 224

666 219

~06

1,572

03

522

2

30 724 209 1 1,433

22

20

42

505 1,807 1,188 1,351 1,265 2,944
791 1,195
875 1,615
592 915 1,885 1,000 1,066 516 2,334

456 2,108 1,249 1,429 1,617 3,094 1,015 1,385
955 1,660
539 1,097 1,840 1,010 1,216
635 2,667

961 3,915
2,43~
2,780 2,882
6,038 1,806 2,580
1,830 3,275 1,131
2,012 3,725
2,010 2,282 1,151
5,001

-- -- ----- --------

896 2,267 2,539

937 2,357 2,793

1,833

4,624

~
0>

5,332 CI>

1,885 2,040 3,925

2,070 2,159 4,229

1,190 1,150 2,350

1,196 1,465 2,661

1,813 1,882 3,695

1,339 1,324 2,663

2,194

2,321

4,515

1,911

1,755

3,665

1,125

986 2,111

1,162 1,078 2,240

1,432 1,673 3,105

1,614 1,568 3,179

1,783 1,928 3,711

926 1,190 2,116

336

410

746

746

729 1,475

TABLE No.2-Continued Number of Schools; Enrollment.

Number of Schools

Enrollment

r

COUNTY

White

I

Colored

I

Total

r I

I

I I

O...J,
0

..4.,l :E
- -~ -

..."0
4l 0
"0
- -Q -

O...J,
0
- -Eo< -

4l
- -:O:sJ -

4l
OJ S
4l
- -~ -

*Randolph _________

17

25

42 746 743

*Richmond _________

30

20

50 2,320 3,194

Rockdale__________ Schley ____________ *Screven ___________ Spalding __________

13 9 42
20

12

25 439 435

9

18 212 227

38

80 911 980

19

39 601 592

Stephens __________ Stewart ___________ Sumter____________ Talbot- ___________

22 17 24
20

7 36
36 24

29 600 665
53 276 250 60 452 498 44 445 396

Taliaferro _________

14

18

32 261 272

O...J,
0
Eo<
1,489 5,514
874 439 1,891 1,193 1,265 526 950 841 533

4l
O::sJ
1,171 1,930
244 341 997 681 100 1,296 1,343 1,082 656

4l
OJ S
4l ~
I 1,500
1,625 336 465
1,354 782 212 t
1,593 1,663 1,321
690

1

i O...J.
0

Eo<

I

2,671 3,565
580
806 2,351 1,463
312
2,889 3,006
2,403 1,346

4l
O::sJ
1,917 4,250
683 553 1,908 1,282 700 1,572 1,795 1,527 917

4l

Eo<

OJ S
4l

"0
...<::
c!l

'" ~ - - - ,...
2,243 4,16o ~

4,829

9,07.\}

,

771 692

1,454 1,245

2,334 ' 4,242

1,374 2,656

877 1,577

1,843 3,415

2,161 3,956

1,717 3,244

982 1,899

TattnalL __________

46

18

64 1,300 1,315 2,615

239

400

639 1,539 1,715 3,254

TTaeffilaoirr -__- _--__-_- _-_-_-_-_-_*Terrell ____________ f Thomas ___________ *Tift_______________

24
30 22
31 20

19 13
30 36
8

43 660 755
43 800 900 52 506 487 67 918 914 28 736 '743

1,420
1,700
993 1,832 1,479

612 260 1,126
924 216

740 290 1,204 1,129
231

1,352
550 2,330
2,053 447

1,~7 1,0 0
1,632 1,842
952

1,495 1,190 1,691 2,043
974

2,762
2,25o
3,323
3,885 1,926

,

, Toombs ___________

22

7

29 702 838 1,540

1861

226 t

412

888 1,064 1,952

Towns ____________ Troup_____________ Turner ____________ Twiggs____________ lTnion__.: __________ Upson ____________
Walker____________ Walton ___________ Ware _____________ Warren ___________ Washington _______ -Wayne____________
Webster___________ White_____________ Whitfield__________ Wilcox____________ Wilkes ____________
Wilkinson _________ 1 Worth _ ____ __ ___ __ .

22 / ------

22

38

24

11

19

19

45

1

24

19

48

12

42

26

40

11

21

25

~~ i~

11

16

24

3

40

7

31

12

25

33

35

24

36

27

*Local Tax County. tFigures of 1907.

22 651 569
60 662 589
35 802 792 38 330 316 46 1,232 1,241
43 817 717 60 2,000 2,100 68 1,619 1,657 51 680 604 46 390 410 78 1,344 1,323
73 1,115 1,023 27 255 228
27 614 583 47 1,260 1,158
43 700 650
58 760 810 59 485 619
63 1,111 1,040

1,220 -------- --------1--------
1,251 1,322 1,450 2,772

1,594

292

296

588

642

646

812 1,454

2,473

7

12

19

1,534

780 1,026 1,806

4,100

390

300

690

3,276

360

351

711

1,284

83

117

200

800

796 1,020 1,816

2,667

144 1,942 3,390

2,138

229

279

506

483

404

455

859

1,197

72

63

135

2,418

152

114

266

1,350

200

250

450

1,570

924

960 1,884

1,104.

321

421

742

2,151

789

825 1,614

1

651
1,984 1,094
972 1,239
1,597
2,390 1,924
763 1,186 2,792
1,344
659 686 1,412
900 1,684
806 1,990

5691 2,039 1,088 1,128
1,253 1,743 2,400
1,954 721
1,430
3,265 1,300
683 646 1,272
900 1,770
1,040 1,665

1,22o
4,023 2,182
2,10o
2,492
3,44o 4,79o
3,878 1,485 2,61 6. 6,057
2,644 1,342 1,332 2,684
1,80o
3,454
31,,885456 g"";

\.

------~- ------------

.. - - - , - - - - - - -

TABLE No.2-Continued. Attendance; Monthly Cost; Number of Visits of Commissioner; ,Number of Days Schools were Kept in Operation;

Attendance

Monthly Cost

I '"

I--A-Y-.-C-o-s-t-IA-Y-.-C-o-s-t-P-'-d "~0 .~...

COUNTY

White

I

Colored

I

Total

per Pupil by State

2'~

1-------1--------- ---------

-----------

.~ 00 .~.

i

:

I~ :

'

>s

"~' 0 Q

--------

Appling

_

Baker

_

--
484 ,247

----
525 254

----
1,009 501

---106 450

----
121 528

----
227 978

---590 697

----
646 782

---1,236 1,479

"0
o'.."..

"0

-

-

-

-

,

-

Q
-

-

-

1. 25 80

1. 30 36

-----
1. 00 1. 30

----
75 36

."0'.>0'
:S:: Z ---
113 53

--100 140

---

Baldwin

_ 419 329 748 508 737 1,245 927 1,056 1,993 1.18 36 ' 1.18 26

50 120

Banks Bartow *Ben Hill '
Berrien *Bibb
Brooks
Bryan Buloch. Burke Butts Calhoun

_ _ _ __ _
_ _

573
844 272

567 1,140
793 1,637 288 560

153
301 188

152
348 196

305 726 719 1,445 1.20 .80
649 1,145 1,141 2,286 1.40 .72 384 460 484 944 4.28 1.19

_ _ _ _

_1~~~~ 502 329

_1~~~~ 601 362

:~~~~
1,103 691

:~:
512 223

:~~ ~~: 113~~~ ~:~ii ~:~~g _~~~~ ~~~
642 1,154 1,014 1,243 2,257 1.25 .60 232 4551 552 594 1,146 2.00 1.00

.85 .73
1.00 .72 1.88 1.19
1:~~ __ ~~~
1.25 .60 _

79 75 102 100
40 40

100 100 100 100 176 100 100

40 50 40
40 _

_ 1,228 1,32412,5521 5321 69311,22511,76012,0,1713,77711.85 .50 1.35 .50 _ 301 370 671 1,017 1;559 2,576 1,318 1,929 3,247 2.30 .30 __ __ _ _ _

81 1 1001 20

96 120

20

_ 571 564 1,135 253 321 574 824 885 1,709 1.47 .48

_

_ 297 315 612 510 570 1,080 612 1,090 1,702 1. 25 .50 1. 45 .40

90 120 50 100

30 60

Camden 'Campbell Carroll
Catoosa Charlton

_ 176 169 345 294 383 677 470 552 1,022 2.65

1.30 .35

_ 625 640 1,265 271 249 520 896 889 1,785

_

_ 2,406 2,213 r 4,619

_ _

370 3651 735 264 1 388 652

488 39 20

403 49 36

I 891 2,894 2,61615,510 1 1. 40 1. 00 1.10 1. 00 88 409 414 823'j 1.35j 1.00j .801 56 284 424 708 1.25 1.00 1.85 1.00

49 100 2-90

75

90

40

75 120

40

94451

100 40-120 80 4-40

*Chatham _________ 2,261 2,478 4,739 1,481 2,012 3,493 3,742[4,490 8,232

Chattahoochee ____ 124 115 239 185 256 441 309 471 780

Chattooga _______ " 559 494 1,053 172 199 371 731 693 1,424

Cherokee __ c ______ 1,,516 1,540 3,056

Clarke ___________ Clay _____________

215 121

263 97

478 219

89 227 151

81 322 253

170 1,605 1,621 3,226 549 442 585 1,028 404 273 351 624

Clayton __________ Clinch ___________ Cobb ____________

460 711 1,088

467 927 740 1,451 872 1,960

244 256 273

323 244 225

567 704 790 1,494 500 967 984 1,951 498 1,361 1,097 2,458

Coffee ____________ Colquitt- _________ Columbia_________ Coweta __________

535 587 1,122 200 253 453 735 840 1,575

729/ 180

893 1,622 [ 1271 150 331 414

156[ 5151

2831 8561 1,049[1,905
929 1 595 I 665 1,260

711 683 1,394 859 973 I 1,832 1,57011,656 3,226

CrawtqrdJ-_ cc _____, 252 244 496 237 255 492 489 499 988

*Crisp_c'~ c _________
Dade ____________

291 325

312 267

603 592

191 32

221 38

412 70

482 357

533 1,015 305 662

Dawson __________ 302 290 592

5

5 10 307 295 602

Decatur __________ DeKalb __________ Dodge ___________ Dooly____________
I Dougherty___ -- ---

776 714 530 325 260

758 1,534 695 1,409 536 1,066 368 693 260 520

830 1,005 1,835 1,606 1,763 3,369

168 193 361 882 888 1,770

325 389 714 855 925 1,780

429 569 998 754 936 1,691

600 620 1,220

1,740

i DEaorulgyl_a_s _____-_- _-_-_-_-_-_Echols ___________

622 462 126

654 1,276 685' 1,147 126 252

276 421 22

280 556 635 1,056
28 50

898 934 1;832 884 1,320 2,204 148 154 302

Effingham ________ Elbert ___________

470 686

435 905 616 1,302

262 544

330 592 732 765 1,497 616 1,160 1,230 1,232 2,462

*Emanuel _________ Fannin___________

1,045 976

1,062 900

2,107 1,876

424

507

931 1,469 1,569 3,038 976 900 1,876

Fayette __________ Floyd____________

432 532

539 971 655 1,188

128 282

139 251

267 533

560 815

678 1,238 906 1,722

Forsyth __________ 767 688 1,456 599 621 1,220 827 751 1,578

Franklin _________ 652 690 1,342 155 170 325 807 860 1,667

*Fulton __ ,_______ "_ Gilmer ___________

1,124 705

1,105 662

2,229 1,367

410

421

831 1,530 1,526 3,056 705 662 1,367

Glascock _________ 185 91 276 220 148 368 405 239 644

*Local Tax County.

1.47 1.00 1.25
70 1.97 2.43 1.40
.80 1.25 1. 60 1. 50 2.88
L98 1.60
.70 1.05
1.50 1.44 1. 70 1. 58 1. 20 1.81
.84 1.00 1.32
1.50
1. 00
2.82

.35 1.00
.65 .97 .40 .60 .50 .71 .80 .75 .52
.60 .56 .51 1.00
.65 .49 .60 .56 .80 .62 .57 .15 .44
1.10
.75
2.82

.94 1.10
.70 .51 2.43 1.40 .62
1. 20 1.00 2.88
1.98 1.25
.70 1.05
1.50 1.38
.60 1. 58 1.00 1. 72
.73 .94 1. 32
1.00
.90 1.50

.30 .90 .65 .30 .40 .60 .50
.60 .50 .52
.60 .40 .51 1.00
.65 .44 .50 .56 .80 .54 .37 .46 .44
.50
.75 .70

180

60 120 3~40

52 100 60

71 100 20

102

40

40

30 100 60

53 140

78

80

20

40 100 40

18

80

20

120 100

75 100

70 120 60

26 120

43 120

30 100

45 120

106 120 ------ .....

70 100 75 120

'" 40 .;0

65 120

29 100 6-80

48 120

10

28

95

8

40 100 1-60

55 100 5-40

170 100

160 120

55 100

120

60 80 40

46 140 20

49 120

150

180 _____ 1

65 90

2 100

TABLE No.2-Continued.

Attendance; Monthly Cost; Number of Visits of Commissioner; Number of Days Schools were Kept in Operation;

! l II COUNTY
- - I -:-.-a_ ---_ :.-a_ I- - *GGGGrloryearenddnnoye_n__________________________________________ Gwinnett_________ Habersham _______

III
0;
-:::-s
671 827 752 409 2,024 703

Attendance

White

Colored

I

I

,

I

III

d 6
III
-~-

-; "0"
-Eo-<

III
d
I-:::-s

I

-II;I 6
III ~

0;
"0"
-Eo-<

..2:
o:l
-:-::s .

693 1,364 364 401 765 1,035

844 1,671 61 59 120 888

798 1,550 316 327 643 1,068

412 821 653 775 1,429 1,063

1,952 3,976 231 320 551 2,255

606 1,309 51 54 105 754

Monthly Cost

... 10'1'" Total

Av. Cost IA v. Cost P'd
I per Pupil by State

1----1--,--

l.a~ ~ -; I

... -II;I ... i '" 6

"0"

Eo<

I I

"'0
~

~

I I

'" :=: :=: - - - - - - - - - -~-

0
--

I

III
"'"

...'"0
III
0

!

"0
Q

I

!

I

"'0
"" ! .I0.I.I
"0
-- Q

Cll '"0
~
:::s
00 Cll
0 ."~"~
.~ 00 >.~
-066 ~"'Q0 6:l.>.o'
Z

I
I
!

i-g00f.~0~~

I

M

I -800::0~;

..c:: C

o~j

'I 0'1 Ce>ll .

e>.

III _0~e.>o"5".",

~~'"O
_ p"-, , :~l

... OQ,)~

OQ,)Q;l

~ ~, ~-

~IIlW
6'"III >.

'~1Il
I 6 .II.I..

~~
...

:l~..o :l~P-<

ZZ

1,094 903
1,125

2,129 1,791 2,193

----

--

... ...

1.30

-- ...
-----
1.20

-- -- ...

----

--

... ...

-- -- ... -- -- ... -- ---

82
-- ----
76

180 -- ----
100 40-60 100 40-80

1,188 2,251 2.04 .51 1.77 .50 80 100 -- ----

2,272 4,527 1.40 .60 1.00 .60 109 120 -- ----

666 1,414 1.52 .98 .98 .98

50 100 -- ----

\

*HHHaaalnrlac.l.o.s...co-kn-

_- -__- -__... _-_-_-_-
________ .

1,318 330
1,054

1,235 371
1,189

2,553 701
2,243

186 630 127

177 363 1,504 1,412 2,916 1.00 950 1,580 960 1,321 2,281 2.38 221 348 1,181 1,410 2,591 1.00

.80 1.00 .80 50

.48 .80

-- -_ ...
.80

-- --.75

-----85

HHHeaaarrtrri_ds__________________.__._____~______ *JJIHHraaweocsnupkinrsesytro_on___n___._____________________________________________
Jeff Davis ________

351 412 763 876 892 1,768 686 671 1,357 923 856 1,779 297 300 597 356 348 704 602 1,524 3,126 348 285 633 321 297 618

522 290 316 580 665 248 394 791
69

741 1,263 873 1,153 2,026 2.00 .26 1.90 .26 71

345 635 1,166 1,237 2,403 1.40 .75 1.00 65 50

-_ -_ 313
560

629 1,140

1,002 1,503

984 1,416

1,986 2,919

1.19
-- -_ ...

.45 -- ...

1.20 .40 1.20 -- ...

58 127

992 1,657 962 1,292 2,254 1.70 .20 1.70 20 85

i]t\--:~~ ! 256 504 604 605. 1,208 1.38
425 819 1,996 1,94913,945 771 1,562 1,139 1,056 2,195
76 145 3901 3731 763

.25 1.06 1..6695 .89

.34 145 .21 76 .22 65
.60 -- ----

120 140

----

---

--
--

100 -,.. -- --

100 80

90 40

100 40

115 60

140 -- -- --

100 -- ----

100 60

100 40

100 -- -- --

Jefferson _________ 576

Jenkins __________ Johnson__________ *Jones ____________

326 478 295

Laurens __________ Lee______________ 1

984 80

Liberty __________ 327

618 279

1,610945 1

520 998

305 600

979 1,963

100 180

363 690

Lineoln __________ 273 237 510 Lowndes _________ 419 482 901 Lumpkin _________ 285 233 518 Macon ___________ 154 141 295 Madison__________ 648 602 1,250 Marion___________ 382 315 697 McDuffie _________ 341 318 659 ~lcIntosh _________ 102 130 232

Meriwether _______ Miller ____________ Milton ___________

798 853 ----- [ -----
460 545

1,651 1,005

Mitchell_
*Monroe __ ~=~=====

750 769 1,520 512 531 1,043

*Montgomery ______ *Morgan __________
Murrav __________

705 399 688

754 1,459 353 753 712 1,400

MNeuwsctoogne_e______-_-_-_-_-_- I

313 495

311 624 513 1,008

Oconee __________ 377 428 805

Oglethorpe _______ 530 575 1,105

I Paulding _________ 1,084

Pickens __________

Pierce____________ Pike _____________ Polk _____________ 1

578617 476 739

967 2,051 483 1,064 635 1,402 544 1,020 746 1,485

Pulaski __________ 579 519 1,098

Putnam __________ 154 168 322

*Quitman _________ Rabun ___________

68 450

67 496

135 946

*Randolph ________ 435 4591 894

*Local Tax County

4431 3421 228 365 531 310 330 165 440 21 386 235 312 395 279 522
52 520 650 276 547
28 426 480 339 645 121 21 167 325 174 296 340
71761 487

628 1,071 1,019 1,246 2,265 456 798 668 735 1,403 1.70 .45 1.60 42 249 477 706 769 1,475 638 1,003 660 943 1,603 2.22 .54 1. 38 .40

175 60 100

120 100 100

60 80

688 1,219 1,515 1,667 3,182

1. 5.7 .50

500 810 390 600 990

414 744 657 777 1,434 1.45 .35

224 389 438 461 899 2.00 .95 1.67 .82

464 904 859 946 1,805 1.15 .30 1.05 .26

38 77 132 20 97

100 100 120 5-80 100 '60 140 20

15 36 307 249 556 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83

50 100

524 910 540 665 1,205 1.85 .54 1.85 154 265 500 883 867 1,750 1.50 1.00 1.20 .80 305 617 694 620 1,314 1.62 .76 1.36 .44

72 120 96 120 60 120

40 20

611 1,006 736 929 1,665

38 100

354 633 381 484 865 1.98 .42 1. 98 .42 813 1,335 1,320 1,666 2,986 1.71 .41 1.71 .41

50 100 78 120

40

------1------1------

41 93 512 586 1,098 594 1,115 1',270 1,364 2,635 1.50

.60 -i~i5

.42

730 1,380 1,162 1,261 2,423 1.35 .50

348 624 981 1,102 2,083 .90 .43

40 63 180 140

100 127 180 140

670 1,712 946 1,024 1,970

2.06 .39

69 140

40

>I>0>

'l:>

40

30 58 716 742 1,458 1.00 1.00 -----1-----
553 979 739 864 1,593 7.33 2.03 .73 .20 511 991 975 1,024 1,999 2.16 .47 1.44 .40

100 50 140 61 140

60 40

349 688 716 777 1,493 1.20 .65 1.20 .65 729 1,374 1,175 1,304 2,479 2.00 .50 1.50 .50

80 130

140

116 237 1,205 1,083 2,288 1.50

.80

31 100

40 20

23 45 603 506 1,109 1. 20 1.20 1.20 1.20

28 100

194 3in 934 829 1,763 1.10 .70 .85 .60

451 776 801 995 1,796 2.26 .65 1.70 .45

224 398 913 970 1,883 .90 .46

407 703 875 926 1,801 1. 95 .86 1.56 .41

464 804 494 632 1,126 2.90 .35 2.90 .35

105 12

182 28

145 466

172 508

937147'/

3..6392/

1.07 .95

3.32 .69

1.07 .95

72 163 20 93
66 23 30

100

120 20

100

40

120 2-60

140 40

120 40

90 60

648 1,135 922 1,107 2,029 1 1.96 .66 1. 96 .66 100 180 ------

TABLE No.2-Continued

Attendance; Monthly Cost; Number of Visits of Commissioner; Number of Days Schools were Kept in Operation;

Attendance

~_ i ~ 3 Monthly Cost

-1-

I]

II]

Av. Cost IAv. CostP1d I ~2 ~ 'Iw~.~" 'w~~.".

COUNTY

White

Colored

Total

per Pupil by State -~--- [

.~.::
;r;ll .0~

rll 0..
~>.,0S

rll 00.."0
~>.,S' :~:

- - ~

------

..!:l " ~oj
--

~'"
->-<-

I

0b;
Eo<

I I

..!:l ~oj

~~~
>-<

boj
Eo<

- - - - - - - -

.;

..!:l ~oj

~'" >-<

- - .

~
b ~Eo<
.~::

Q)
.-;::
...::

]
"00

~ ..-..;::::

]
"00

I

~~;8.0..:'o:>S:0l'..oo;~~8.:...::~~"f,l~a~.+>o.]j'o,;:::~~l0~S":~'Qf~~:r)P."~:od>~:<:,

- - -C-l

-:::-

_I.;.)- .

:::
--

Q

Z

--[--

Z

-z..-o

*Richmond

_ 1,593 2,209 3,800 1,100 1,603 2,703 2,693 3,810 6,503 1.49 .93 .78 .201------ 180

Rockdale

~ 253 249 502 149 199 348 402 448 850 1.64 1.31 1.31 .66

100

Schley

_ 137 140 277 219 219 438

715

100

*Screven

_ 581 650 1,231 517 696 1,214 1,097 1,646 2,744 2.16 .57 2.10 .. 57 120 120 9-40

Spalding

_ 510 499 1;009 459 496 955 969 995 1,964 2.00 .60 1. 50 .35

60 120

Stephens Stewart
Sumter Talbot

_ 360 399 759 80 169 249 440 568 1,008 .85 .65

74 120 3-40

_ 153 161 314 657 738 1,395 810 899 1,709

53 140

_ 380 403 783 795 983 1,778 1,175 1,386 2,561 1.75 .50 1.56 .50 140 140

_ 320 321 641 823 900 1,723

2,365 1. 72 .24 1. 72 .24

32 120

40 20

Taliaferro

_ 235 248 483 558 835 1,393 793 1,083 1,876 1. 20 .29 1. 20 .29

42 140

20

TattnalL

_ 718 888 1,606 150 223 373 939 1,111 2,050 1.59 .50 1.18 .50 110 100

Taylor Telfair *TerreIl
Thomas

_ _ _
_

443 400 437 527

I 564 1,007 407
500 900 200 403 840 630 557 1,084 522

I 583 990 850 1,147 1,997 1. 02
260 460 600 760 1,360

.81.28 1.50 .75

647 615

1,277 1,137

1,067 1,050 1,049 1,172

2,117 2,221

2 __

~

131

~_53_

1.49

.37

76 75 164

120 8-60

100

20

180

120

*Tift Toombs Towns Troup

-----1------1 _
_

399 480

399 7981 125 163 5401,020 126194

288 320

524 606

56211,086 1.62 7341,3402.17

.65 .40

.83

.42

62 92

1
_

420 I 381

370 339

790 731

I-

-

--606/

-----1 664/1,270 I

420 370 790 987 1,014/2,002

1.00 2.70

-

1
.53 -_ -- _

-- -- _

-- -- -- I

120 100 100 180

TTwuringegrs_--__-_- _-_-_-_-___-_- I

601 176

594 1,195 196 372

Union ___________ Upson ___________ Walker __________ Walton __________

591 468
1,500 1,810

692 1,283 434 902
1,650 3,150 1,656 3,463

Ware _________ .. __ Warren __________ Washington ____ -_ Wayne___________

441 389 830

'2W82!

".29.5834

577 1,655

674 642 1,316

Webster__________ White____________

151 409

145 351

296 760

Whitfield_________ Wilcox___________ Wilkes ___________

676 410 670

664 1,340 375 785 620 1,290

Wilkinson ________ 364 465 829

Worth ___________ 568 573 1,141

*Local Tax County. tFigures of 1907.

219
276 1 4
397 275
973 52
519. 696 160 240
48
90 113 714
221 419

223 432 820 817 1,637 1.88 .73 1. 21 .451 70

334 611 452 530 983 2.00 .57 2.00 57 109

8 552

12 949

-

595 865

700 1,295 1.13 2.16 1.13 2.16 986 1,851 -- --- -- --- 1.93 .57

47 45

230 505 1,775 1,880 3,655 1.00 .80 .50 .52 118

986 1,959 2,783 2,639 5,422 -- -- - -- --- 1.00 .50 120

-- 81 133 493 470 963 1.63 .75 -- --- -- ---

626 1,1,;15 801 921 1,722 983 1,679 1,517 1,917 3,455

--2.65

--.~-. 5-4-

2 ..03 2.00

.52 .54

45 60 -99

200 360 834 842 1,676 1.67 1.07 1.42 .89

95

272 512 391 417 809 1. 57 .56 1.57 .56

2-7

43 91 457 394 851 1.00 .80 1.00 .80 ------

68 158 766 732 1,498 1.19 .92 1.19 92

94

175 288 523 550 1,073 1. 75 .80 1.30 .60

50

694 1,304 1,384 1,314 2,698 1. 20 .25 1.20 .25 100

398 619 585 863 1,448 1. 40 .60 1.04 .75

90

511 930 987 1,084 2,071 2.50 1.30 I 2.00 1.00

50

100 -- ----

140 ------

100 -- ----

120 ------

120

40

120 ------

60 120

----_-.-_---

120

38

100 3-60

120

60

100

60

100 ------

100

20

140

20

120 6-40

120 ----_.-

TABLE No.3,
Schoolhouses and Other School Property; Schoolhouses Built; Schoolhouses Repaired in 1908.

TABLE No.3. Schoolhouses and Other School Property; Number of Schoolhouses Built During 1908

I Number of Schoolhouses in County Number of Schoolhouses in County Number of Schoolhouses in Cities

Belonging to County Board

Not Belonging to County Board and Towns Belonging to County

COUNTY

of Education

1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1

of Education

.

Board of Education

,

1- - - - - - - - - - - -

Q)

-0

zo

.

;:l
~~
E-

Q)
:E
IS::

~
>

Q)
8.3

~
>

I~
I Eo<

1-------

Appling

_ 20 $ 4,050 2 $

1
50 22 $ 4,10011 $1,125 71

20018

Baker

_ 13

2,500 2 200 15

2,700 3 300 16 1,280 19

Baldwin Banks __ ~

_ 13

5,500

_ 9 12,200

_

13

______ 9

5,500 8 1,500 4 500 12 12,200 15 7,700 10 2,350 25

Bartow

_ 31 12,000 1

30 32 12,030 6 2,000

6

*Ben Hill

_ 18

5,125 1 250119

5,375 2 800 12 1,800 14

Berrien

_ 25 4,000

25 4,000 25 4,000 __ \

25

*Bibb

_

Brooks

_

Bryan

13

Bulloch _________ 24

-\~ooo 4,000
12,000

2

400 ______

15 24

======== 135 4,400112 12,000 40

8,500 30
8,000 14 15,000 25

65 550126 2,500 65

Burke

16 6,650

16 6,650 9 3,600 43 12,9001521

Butts

_

________ 18 3,000 7 700 251

calhoun_ ________ 3

Camden

11

CampbelL

_

2,500 1 1,200

500 4 3,000 4 1,050 1 500 5

11 1,200 17 1,200 1

50 18

________ 23 8,000 14 2,500 35

CarrolL _________ 2

200

2

200 68 16,650 10 i 500 78

Q)

;:l

Q)

zo

=- - ~I "...'.;>d :~a

~

s::

$ 1,325 11--7-5-0

1--750

21,,050800 1

1,500

1

1,500 >l>-

_

~

10,050 2,000 2,600 4,000 30
9,500 8,550 17,500 4 16,500 1 3,700 1,550 3 1,250 10,500 17,150

20

50 253,565

4,000 1,200
2,500 1

4 1
100 4

4,000 1,200
2,600

Catoosa_________ 8

Charlton

9

4,500 800 1

8 40 10

4,580400 \11561 4,570500 43\ 810000 1199

5,750 600 1

*Chatham __ '_ _____ 15 181,650 3 50,000 18 231,650 6 260000 28 13,000 34 273,000 __

1 1,200

Chattahoochee ___ Chattooga _______ Cherokee ________ Clarke __________ Clay ____________
Clayton _________
Clinch __________

1 4

1,420000\

__11

501
------ I

2[ 4

450110 1,200 27

20 5,300 1

20 21

5,500 22

11 7,800I 5 2,700 16 10,500 1

7

6,250

------ 7

6,250 1

--------

------ - - -------- 25

23 5,000 6 600 29 6,100 19

8501 4 8,100 10 4,000 2
350 1 250 3 15.000 15
1,900 3

300 14 1,250 37
100 24 75 2 300 4 1,200 40 300 22

- 1,150 - --------

9,350 - - --------

4,100 - - --------

425

--------

550

--------

16,200 - - --- -,----

2,200 2 3,000 2

Cobb ________ ~ __ Coffee___________

26 22

15,000 7,500

26 15,000 20 5,200 20 2,000 40 22 7,500 21 2,500 8 800 29

7,200

--------

300 2

800

Colquitt_________ 7 Columbia________ 9

3,500 1,225 2

7 200 11

3,500 38 15,200

38

1,425 6 1,175 9 1,225 15

135,' 200 1 __ -------2,400 3 1,900 3

Coweta__________

--------

Crawford ________ 4

1,800

-------- 33 18,000 - 4 1,800 15 3,200 22

*Crisp ___________ Dade___________

12 1

5,500 50

12

5,500 7 2,700 - -

1

50 15 4,500 2

~;~gghq---666 Dawson _________ . 12
Decatur _________ DeKalb _________ 114

2,800
--------

---

Dodge __________ 23

12 2,800 9
39 - - - - - - - 14 9,600 20 25 9,000 6

1,200 - 1,800 20 7,000 10 1,650 8

D ooly___________ 8

4,000 ________ 8

4,000 14[ 6,000 8

33 2,500 37
7 300 17
9 1,875 59 1,000 30 1,500 14
800 22

18,000 __ --------

5,700

--------

2,700

--------

4,800

--------

1,200

--------

19,875

--------

11,000 - - --------

3,150 3 1,700

6,800

--------

Dougherty _

2

800 10 2,500 12 3,300 2 800 11 600 13 6,800 2 17,500

Douglas _________ 13

5,000

Early ___________ 25 12,500

Echols __________ 10

2,200

Effingham _______ 6

1,025

Elbert __________ 3

1,500

*EmanueL _______ F annin__________

25

--------
11,125

Fayette _________ Floyd ___________

1 47

300 1,800

Forsyth _________ 6

900

Franklin ________ *Fulton __________

27

--------
55,000

1

50 14 5,050 8

25 12,500 2

1

75 11

2,275 5

6 1,025 29

3 1,500 41

59 - - - - - - - -

25 11,125 24

1

.300 23

3 500 50 18,500 1

------ 6

900 42

------ - - -------- 32

1 300 28 55,300 3

500 8 200 16

1,500 600

1~1

2,400 14 200 7

5,000 171 1,500 46

6,500 36 2,000 77
23,500120 I 600 79
6,065 __ 1 ______ 24

11,000 111 2,000 34 500 24 4,000 25

5,000 4 200 46

18,0001151 800 47

8,000 12 6,500 15

700 - - --------

3,900 1 1,200 1

800

--------

6,500 - - -------8,500 - - --------

24,100

--------

6,065

--------

13,000

--------

4,500

--------

5,200

--------

18,800

--------

14,500 2 5,000

Gilmer__________ Glascock ________ *Glynn___________ Gordon _________

39
-14
2

8,400
--------
50,000 500

--
6 --

-----------
5,000
------

39
-20
2

8,400 9 14 - - - - - - - -
55,000 - 500 38

1,125 2,800
------
12,000

1

50 10

1,175 - -

8 1,200 22 4,000 - -

- - ------ - - --------

3 400 41 12,400 - -

--------
--------
--------

*Local Tax County.

--------

--------

--------

--------
--1--------

--------
200 4 3,200

--------

2

800

--------
500 61 2,400

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

3

--------
1,700

....

-1

-------- 01

2 17,500

--------
400 2 1,600

------_.-

--------

--------

--------

---------_ .. _---

--------

--------

--------
5,000

--------

--------

--------

--------

TABLE No.3-Continued Schoolhouses and Other School Property: Number of Schoolhouses Built During 1908

Number of Schoolhouses in County Number of Schoolhouses in County

Belonging to County Board

Not Belonging to County Boar.:d

of Education

of Education

Number of Schoolhouses in Cities and Towns Belonging to County
Board of Education

COUNTY.

I
I

r

0

:..'a.",
~

'";:l
d
>-

"0

'.0.".. '";:l

"0
Q

d
>-

Z

'";:l

d....,
0

dd
"'0>-

Eo-< Eo-<

:.'a.".,
~

'";:l
d>-

"0
'.0."..
"0
Q

Z

'";:l d...,

d
>-

0 Eo-<

Grady __________ Greene __________

2 12

750 - - ------ 2 2,250 10 1,000 22

750 42 3,250 8

82,)12550

1

18 20

1,900 60 2,000 28

Gwinnett ________ 23 Habersham ______ 27

14,000 - - ------ 23 14,000 53 20,000 10 5,000 1 300 28 5,300 3 1,200 2

500 63 300 5

HalL ___________ 16 5,400 2 200 18 5,600 42 28,000 12 200 54

*Hancock ________ 24 36,000 2 1,500 26 37,500 3 700 17 2,600 20

Hara~son ________. HarrIs __________ Hart ___________
l:~~g -r-ioo Heard __________
Henry " _________
Houston ________ *Irwin ___________
Jackson _________ Jasper __________

8 6 23 2
-21 19 14 11

2,000 - - ------
200, ________ ________ 1 1 100
15,000 - - -----5,000 - - ------
12,000 - - -----3,000 5 1,600

8 6 24 2
11 21 19 14 16

, Jeff Davis_______ 10

Jefferson ________ Jenkins _________

3 12

Johnson _________ *Jones ___________

29 16

Laurens _________ 9

2,000 - - ------ 10

250 - - ------ 3

7,500 - -

12

10,150 11 600 40

9,000 3 300 19

2,500 - - ------ 9

2,000 20 1,350 19 7,000 3
200 36 100134 15,000 1 5,000 7 12,000 27
4,600 9 2,000 10
750 26 7,500 5 10,750 1 9,300 5 2,500 53

5,000 - -

20

4,100 30 1,700 49

1,600 6 1,000 9

5,400 20 700 58

62,0001271 2,4001611

2,227050 31761

5,000 38 1,200 23

12,550 13 3,600 40

1,900 3 200 12

250 6 150 16

3,800 27 2,000 53

1,100 24 2,400 29

25,000 7 700 8

2,000 -- ------ 5 15,000 34 3,400 87

10,650
4,125 2 20,500
1,500 1 28,200 3,300 5,000

800 __

2

500 __ ______ 1

_
800 ~
Q'.l
500 _ _ _

52,,680000 -- -------- -6,100

1__ --------_ _

6354,,,4247000501-2-1----3-,0-0-0-1_-_-1--~---1-2-!----3-,-0-0-0_

16,150

_

2,410000 __ ________ 1 400 1

400_

5,800

_

3,500 ~

_

25,700

_

2,000

_

18,400

_

Lee Liberty
Lincoln

8 10,000 3 800 11 10,800 1 250 __

1

20 5,950 30 7,600 50 13,550 13 3,700 4

17

1

400 1 200 2

600 19 4,750 15 3,000 34

2501 21 3,700 __
7,750

8,000 2[ 1
_

600[ 4 3001 1

8,600 300

Lowndes Lumpkin Macon

20 27 ~6

10,600 1 5,400 2 2,000 1

100 21 200 29 100 7

10,700 9 5,600 2 2,100 5

500 22 1,100 31

250 1 100 3

900

5

1,600 2 350 900

3,000 _ _

2 3,000

Madison_________ 9

Marion

16

McDuffie________ __

8 McIntosh_~______

::ill~;~:~~~= ===== I_~ 1

Milton

116

MitcheIL

20

*Monroe

27

*Montgomery

45

*Morgan

18

Murray

15

Muscogee

16

Newton

9

Oconee__________ 5

Oglethorpe

31

Paulding

22

Pickens

19

Pierce

38

Pike

18

Polk

22

PulaskL

41

Putnam_________ 7

*Quitman

5

Rabun

8

*Randolph

9

8,250 1 100 20 8,350 24 15,000 16 2,000 40 17,000 2

650

2

650

6,600 __

16 6,600 3 600 16 800 19 1,400

_

__

_

22 5,285 23 2,975 45

1,250 7 1,000 15 2,250 1 500 __

1

8,260 500 __

_ 1 1,500 - i 1- ---1~500

~~~ == == ==== _~

12,500

16

5,000

20

18,000

27

38,500 20 2,000 65

16,500 3 1,000 21

__ ~~~[ ~~[_~~~0~_011~~11_- ~,_5~-Otor
12,500 4/1,200 3 400 7 5,000 11 1,800 6 600 17

~8:~~~i ==
1,600 2,400

=======__ _

------1--1--------
--1-- ----1--1-- -- ----
----I--~---------

18,000 9 3,500 10 1,000 19 4,500

40,500 __ __ _ __ __ ____ __ __

__

_ _

--
--

------
1------

17,500 7 5,000 17 5,100 24 10,100 2 4,500

2 4,500

5,000 8,500
7,500 2 2,750 __ 6,000
8,260 8,150 4,000 8

15 16
1,300 11 5
31
22 19 500 46

5,000 15 3,000 1 100 16 3,100 3

8,500 3 2,400 __

3 2,400 4

8,800 16 13,000 25 3,500 41 16,500

2,750 17 3,500 9 1,100 26 4,600

6,000

36 3,000 36 3,000

8,260 16 1,000 6 600 22 . 1,600 2

8,150 6 835 __

6

835 1

4,500 __

__

__

4

2,000 600
_ _ _
1,600 1,100 1,500

3 2,000

4

600 -,>!'o

------1-- -------- ~
------ -- --------

------ -- -------2 1,600

1 1,100

4 400 8 1,900

9,700

18

17,500

22

18,250 14 2,100 55

9,700 6 3,800 7 2,000 13

17,500 1 5,000 8 3,000 9

20.350

11 1,250 11

5,800 8,000
1,250 2

_ _
1,600

--------------2 1,600

2,500 __

7 2,500 8 3,000 23 3,000 31 6,000

_

800 4 500 9 1,300 4 600 1

50 5

650

_

--------

3,700 9,000 __

8 3,700 17 2,600 2 100 19 2,700 1 1,000 __

9 9,000 8 4,000 25 1,800 33 5,800

_

1 1,000

*Richmond

30

Rockdale________ 2

Schley

6

15,000 14 10,0001441 25,000 1 5,000

1

1,700 2,500 3

/21 500 9

1,700 11 8,000 13 3,000 24 3,000 2 2,000 3 500 5

5,000 8 375,000 5 15,000 13 390,000

11,000 --

_

2,500

_

_

*Screven

16 8,350 2 300 18 8,650 20 11,600 19 2,400 39 14,000 2 2,000

2 2,000

*Local Tax County.

- - ---~-------- --~

TABLE No.3-Continued

..

Schoolhouses and Other School Property: Number Schoolhouses built During 1905

Number ( f Schoolhouses in County Belonging to County Board of Education

Number of Schoolhouses in County Number of Schoolhouses .in Cities'

Not Belonging to County Board and Towns Belonging to County

of Education

Board of Education -

------j--~-~-----

COUNTY

0

I

I
0

<l)
:~ .a
f$'

<l)
;:l
Ol
>

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.<..l.)

<l)

0

;:l

81

Ol
>

Z

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I :~ .a
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;:l
Ol
>

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0
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Z

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>

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Spalding ------_J[12 Stephens ________

StewarL ________ Sumter__________ TalboL _________

14
23 10

6,000
-------11,900 lS,flOO 2,SQO

2 2

12 29 300 16 400 25
10

6,0001 21 6,000 16
12,200 3 18,900 2
2,SOO 10

400 2 3,600 6
750 33 1,000 10 2,000 12

300 4
300 22 2,500 36,
SOO 12 1,200 22

Taliaferro _______ TattnalL ________

3
2

600 2 1,000 4

200 5 600 6

1,S6O0O0

41411124S',300000

14 14

1,400 25 1,600 58

Taylor __________ 13

5,200

13 5,200 11 23,000 19 1,900 30

Telfair- _________ *Terrell __________

10 17

2,000 5 19,150

500 15 2,500 I SI 1,000 2 400 10
17 19,150 I 3 750 24 1,SOO 27

I Thomas_________
*TifL ___________

i

6

-------S,OOO

__1 ________ 1261 20,000 367,200 62
161 S,OOOI __ I______ 6/ 900 6

Toombs_ ________ 31

650

3[

6501191 5,7001 7 _.1,050261

T?wns_~ ________ Troup___________

111_9_1

9,500

'l'urner __________ TW'lggS __________ Union___________
Upson __________

9 14 6

--------
-------4,450 2,SOO 2,300

1
1 1 1

191 9,500 11 3001_1 ______ 11'

100 1

100 22 5,500 15 1,500 37

__1_ -------122 3,600 I sl SOO 30

200 10 4,650110 2,600 lIS 2,SOO 2S

100 151 2,9001301 4,7001 __ 1 ______ 30

60 7 2,360 IS S,400 11 2,000 29

Walker. _________ 41 2,SOO, ------ 4

2,SOO 4S 30,0001141 1,500162

Q.<

;:l

~"'a
"..c' .....
Eo-<

<l)
:~ .a
f$

7001- -

3,900

"Ij

<l)

.<..l).

<l)

;:l

0

;:l

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>
--------

"0

0 -

-

Ol
>
,------

--------

0 Z
Oil
~
0 Eo-<

<l)
;:l
-~O>il
0
Eo-<
---------------

....
->
00

3,250 -------I,SOO 3 5,000

-------3 5,000

3,200 1

500 1 600 2 1,100

14,700 --------

--------

29,600

--------

--------

24,900 -- --------

1,400 3

500 2

-------400 5 1,900

2,550 4 10,000

4 10,000

27,2001-_ --------

--------

9001 4 6.750 __

9,000
--------

3001 __ --------

4 9,000
-------------1-- --------

7,000 --------

--------

4,400 --------

--------

5,400 --------

--------

4,700 --------

--------

10,400 31,500

--------

-------- '

-------- -- ------1-- --------

Walton

401

Ware

16

Warren _________ 1

Washington

33

Wayne

32

webster

17

Wh!te

14

Whltfield

28

Wilcox-

115

Wilkes

5

Wilkinson

120

Worth

16

1,200 111 2,500 51 2,325 7 350 23
500 . 1 200 2

11,000 22 4,500 55

8,080 1

25331

1,4001 9 1,500 161

2,800 __

14

7,4501__

28

4'500121 20017[

1,000 -- ------ 51

13,000 12 900 32

1,5501 __ 1

.P

*Local Tax County.

14,500 61 600 11 2,670 51 625 __

500 17 5

700 161 3,000 24 2.000 40 15,,500 2 500 18 2,500 20

8,1051241 3,685 16 2,900 2 400 7

25040 9

2,800 9 4,500 3 400 12

I 7,450 10 2,500 5 700 17
4,700 14 2,800 10 1,000 34

I 1,000,20 7,000 28 2,800 48

13. , 9 0 0 1 2 0 1,550 25

5,0001 8/ 2,665 20

500128 2,000145

I

1,100

625

5,000

3,000 ________

500 1

500

3,935 1

300

1

300

~4:,~~gggg ---~ ======;=~=~=~=~= =~ ======~=~==~I==~=I1======;=~=~=~=~=

5,500 211 1,000 I 11 300 \ 21 1,300

4,665

6001-- 1______ 21 ~

TABLE No.3 Schoolhouses and Other School Property; Number of Schoolhouses Built During 1908

Number of Schoolhouses in Cities and Towns not Belonging to County Board of Education

Schoolhouses Built Schoolhouses Re-

During 1908

paired During

1908

COUNTY

i \

0

~ I~ ) ~

Estimated
Value of Other
Property
1

Appling

_

BakeL

_

---------- $

Baldwin Banks
Bartow
*Ben HilL Berrien

I _
_ _

===1='=3=0=,=0=0=01====1
4 7,500 1 7 12,000 . 1

- 1,500-2
1,000 5 250 8

_ _

2 --~-

-2-5-,-0-0-0

----

2

31,500 8,500 00
12,250
25,000

*Bibb

---- __

Brooks

_

Bryan

_

Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden
CampbelL CarrolL Catoosa
Charlton *Chatham

_ _ _ _ _

3 3,000
2 23,000\ 3 12,000 7 3,000 1 600

1 2,000 4

2 200 4

1 2,000 4

7 1,300 14

_

1

_ _ _

2 8,000 4 32,000 2 2,000

2 1,000 1 200 1 300

4 5 3

_ 2 600 _ _

2

5,000 25,000 14,000
4,300
600 9,000 32,200 2,300
600

Chattahoochee _ 1 400 1 400 2

800

740 00 1,500 00 1,500 00
2,500 00 2,500 00 2,500 00
500 00 12,250 00
400 00 400 00 1,500 00 4,500 00
4,000 00 1,400 00
250 00 1,000 00 2,000 00 1,800 00
600 00 18,000 00
500 00

..
~'"
S
;::l
Z

7 $ 2,500 00

1

1,500 00

_

4

3,700 00

2

800 00

_

4

1,000 00

3

6,500 00

1

300 00

3

700 00

6

4,000 00

_

1

250 00

_

____________

4

2,400 00

2 _

_____1_,_5_0_0__0_0

2

500 00

1 1

125,000 00 400 00

3 $ 750 00 $ 3,250 00

2

150 00

1,650 00

2

100 00

100 00 ~

1

800 00

4,500 00 0

4

350 00

1,150 00

18

859 00

859 00

1

250 00

1,250 00

4,617 00 11,117 00

3

350 00

650 00

43

75 00_

775 00

5

400 00

3

300 00

400 00 550 00

1

75 00

75 00

2,400 00'

33

250 00 200 00

1,750 00, 200 00

5

50 00

550 00

_

125,000 00,

_

400 00

....
,?,.
I:l<D

Ch1l.ttooga _______ 2 7,000 2 600

- Cherokee ________
Clarke __________ Clay ____________
Clayton _________ Clinch __________ Cobb ___________ Coffee___________
Colquitt- ________
Columbia________ Coweta__________ Crawford ________

-!
1
5 2
--- -
I 5 1

11,000 1

------

--_.-

- ---
-- --

4,500 1

------ ----5

10,0001

600 1

------ --- 2,500 --- 7,000 --- 800 ----

500
750 ______
100

*DCr aI

~
e

_______'____
___________

1 1,000 --- -

Dawson ______ __ Decatur _________

------ ---1 400 --- 9 1,2000 6

600

DeKalb _________ 1 3,.000 1 200

Dodge __________ Dooly___________ Dougherty_______

5 2,200 -- -4 8,400 --- -
2 7,500

Douglas _________ Early___________

1 4,000

1

500

Echols __________

Effingham _______ EIbert __________

5 5,000

*EmanueL _______ Fannin__________ Fayette _________ Floyd___________ Forsyth _________ Franklin ________
*Fulton __________
Gilmer __________

3 25,000 - --7 20,200 4 4,000 2 2 8,000 1
1 3,000 ----
2 8,000 1
1 4,000 -- --
1 5,000

600 300
300

Glascock ________

*Glynn___________

Gordon _________

*Local Tax County,

4

7,600

1,250 00 2

1,000 00 10

500 00

5

11,500

5,000 00 4

1,200 00 5

150 00

----------

----------

2

5,250

800 00 - --- ------------

1,500 00

------------

1,000 00 4

3,450 00

5

95 00

3 1,000 00

1

400 00

----------

10

10,000

500 00 3 2,000 00 3

500 00 7 4,000 00 1

200 00 250 00

3

700

----------

1

2,500

5

7,000

1,000 00 8

2,000 00

500 00 4

2,000 00

1,000 00 - --- ------------

3,000 00 2

800 00

----------

5

500 00

6

203 27

6

500 00

I

800

1,600 00 3

1,575 00 2

155 00

1

~,OOO

2,000 00 2

1,400 00 3 1,300 00 I

----------

1

400

15

12,600

250 00 - --- ------------ 1

25 00

400 00 1

250 00 --- - ----------

4,000 00 5

1,500 00 --- - --._------

2

3,200

2,500 00 1

1,000 00 -. -- --.-------

5

2,200

4,000 00 5 2,650 00

4

150 00

4

8,400

2,500 00 3 10,000 00 2

150 00

2

7,500

2,500 00

1,100 00 --- -

400 00

2

4,500

700 00 1

1,000100 2

225 00

----_._----
5 ------5-,-0-0-0

800 00 200 00 600 00

2

900 00

------------

3

850 00

----------

2

200 00

8 '250 00

----------

400 00 1

3

25,000 10,000 00 2

7

20,200

5,150100 2

6

4,600 ------------ 1

3

8,300

7,000 00 4

1,000 00 6

300 00

2,000 00

----------

800 00 ---- ----------

700 00 5 1,000 00

3,000 00 6

700 00

1

3,000

800 00 --- - ---------.--

1 2,000 00

3

8,300

5,000 00 3

1,500 00 5 2,000 00

1

4,000

9,000 00 4

5,500 00 12 1,500 00

1

5,000

1,835 00 3

---------- -----------. 2

-------------------

8,000 00 1 1,500 00 1

~~~~1:~~~~1 600 00 --- -
600 00 2
5,000 00 1,200 00 3

1,500 00 1,650 00
95 1,000 00
3,850 00 700 00
4,250 00
2,000 00 2,500.00
203 27 1,300 00 1,730 00
2,700 00 50 00
250 00 1,500 00 1,000 00
2,800 00
.... 10,150 00 11>0 1,500 00 00 1,225 00
900 00 200 00 1,100 00 1,300 00 2,000 00
800 00 1,700 00 3,700 00 2,000 00
3,500 00 7,000 00
600 00
750 00 5,000 00 1,700 00

,

TABLE No. 3--Continued Schoolhouses and Other School Property; Number. of Schoolhouses Buil t During 1908

Number of Schoolhouses in Cities and

Schoolhouses Built Schoolhouses Re-

Towns not Belonging to County

During 1908

paired During

Board of Education

1908

-

----

COUNTY

:...'a.",
~

~'"
01
;>

'"'0.C"..
'0
0

I ~I GGrreaednye _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_~

9,000 3,000

2 2

GwinnetL _______ 11 30,000 3

0

Z

~'"
;>

0...1,
0
Eo<

500 4 400 5 500 14

'~"
"';~
,,;>

Estimated
Value of Other
Property

... o'n"
S
~

- Eo<
9,500

Z 2,500 00 2

'~"
01
;>
600 00

3,400

1,000 00 --- - -------

30,500

1,500 00 2

1,800 00

Habersham ______ Hall ____________
*Hancock ________ Haralson ____ ~ ___

5 6
- - -4

4,000 3,000
-----17,000

2
- - --
- - -1

700 ------
------
200

7 6
- - --
5

4,700 3,000
---------17,200

1,000 00 - - -- -------

1,000 00 3

8,500 00

5,000 00 2

5,000 00

2,500 00 3

1,200 00

Harris __________ 6 19,600 5 300 11

19,900

2,330 00 1 10,000 00

Hart __ ____ ~ ____ 2 20,000 1 450 3

20,450

3,000 00 8 21,800 00

Heard __________ Henry __________

5 2,500 - - -- -- ~---

5

8 41,000 8 2,400 16

2,500 43,400

100 00 - - -- -------

3,240 00 1

500 00

Houston ________ *Irwin ___________
Jackson _________

- - -- - --
4

----------22,300

- - --
- - -1

------
------
200

- - --
- - -5

-------------------
22,500

3,000 00 2 1,750 00 1 4,500 00 5

1,454 41 300 00
2,250 00

...

o'n"
S

'~"

~
Z

'~"
"2

0101
,,;>

;>

Eo<

500-061-- 1;100 00

121 700 00 12 1,000 00

700

00

01>00

2,800 00 l.'O

3

125 00

125 00

----------

8,500 00

4 ----3--0-0--0-0

5,000 00 1,500 00

----------

2

200 00

10,000 00 22,000 00

6

450 00

6

251 73

4 1,200 00

950 00 1,706 14 1,500 00
2,250 00

Jasper Jeff Da

v-i-s-_-_-_-__-_-_-

Jefferson ________

3 - - --
8

4,500 - - ------- - - -12,000 3

------
------
600

3
- - --
11

4,500

1,500 00

---------- -----------12,600 ------------

- - -- -------

2 1

810500 0000

8 1,212 74

2

300 00_

JenkinS _________ 1 1 8,0001 11 3,0001 2

11,000

*~~~~:~~======== = ___ ~ I:_5~~~~ 1==== ===== = ___ ~ ______2~~~~\

1------: 2,000 00 7
---~ 1,341 80
1,000 00

4,9gg gg 1- --~ I- -- -~~~-~~ -.---! 31 1,431 21:

1,212 74 1,100 00
150 00 5,150 00
200 00 1,434 21

Laurens~ ________ Lee"_~__________

5 5,300 -- --

5

5,3001

5,000 00 3

900 00

Lii;>erty _________
Lincoln _________ Lowndes ________ Lumpkin ________

2 2,000 1 5,000
I 10,000

Macon ~ _________

Madison_________ Marion__ ~ _______
McDuffie ________

3 11,500 1 7,000 1 3,000

1

50

1 3,000

1 750

McJntosh________ 1 2,000

Meriwether ______
!I Mi.uer _______ .___

I

___5_

I

_1_0_,0__0_0

I

__

.:3_I

__1_,_0_0_0

-- --1-- ---- -- -- Mllton ________________________' ______

----------

2

2,000

1,300 00 1,500 00

3

-----,

-

----
768

--
37

1

1,500

175 00 1

500 00

1

10,000

2,000 00 4

1,600 00

-------------------

500 00 500 00

------------

3

1,100 00

4

11,550

2,550 00 3

2,000 00

2

10,000

1,600 00 2

550 00

3,750 2,000 11,000

1,708050 0000\

1 1

3,000 00 2

200 00 Ig0 00 3 0 00

------------1---- ------ ------

1,500 00 1

800 00

MitcheIL._______ 3 38,000

*Monroe ______ " __ 2 10,000

*Montgomery _____

*Morgan _________ Murray _____ ___

1 1,250 2 2,000

Muscogee________ Newton _________ Oconee__________

1 1,500 3 13,000 2 1,000

Oglethorpe _____ 2 4,000

Paulding ________ Pickens_________ Pierce___________

3 5,093 5 11,500

I Pike ____________
Polk____________ Pulaski _________ Putnam _________
*cRclUaJb'tumna_n_________________

6 1
- ---
- --1 2

18,500 15,000
------
------
200 3,200

*Randolph _______ 2 11,000

* Richmond_______

Rockdale________

Schley __________

*Sereven __ ------

2 7,SOO

2 3,000 2 4,000 1 500 3 600
4 1,500 1 1,0~0
2 1,700
700

5

41,000

4,000 00

41

14,000

3,000 00

----------

2

1,750

4,000 00 4,800 00

2

2,000

1,000 00

1

1,500

1,682 20

6

13,600

5,000 00

2

1,000

1,017 00

2

4,008

2,500 00

3

5,093

4,537 00

5

11,500

3,000 00

----------

10

20,000

1,000 00 2,000 00

2

16,000

2,000 00

----------

4,100 00

---------- ------------

1

200

150 00

2

3,200

750 00

4

12,700

2,260 00

-------------------

35,000 00 1,500 00

---------- ------------

3

8,500

3,901 00

1

400 00

12

8,000 00

1

1,500 00

2

1,800 00

2

1,400 00

------------

4

900 00

------------

2

1,000 00

2

2,200 00

3

640 00

3

600 00

1

700 00

1

800 00

3

1,200 00

2

1,200 00

1

350 00

4

2,100 00

-----------1 100,000 00

1

300 00

1

500 00

3

700 00

*!'oeal Tax County,

1

150 00

1,050 00

---------- ----------.,...-

3

58 87

82724

2

750 00

1,250 00

2 1,400 00

3,000 00

3

204 89

204 89

3

236 00

1,336 00

2

450 00

2,450 00

----------

5

300 00

550 00 500 00

3

300 00

400 00

10

500 00

800 00

---------- ---- -'--------

2

500 00

1,300 00

4

100 00

500 00

7 4;000 00 12,000 00

----------

1,500 00

3

20 70

1,820 70

3

175 00

3

500 00

1,475 00 >l>o500 00 0w0

6

375 00

9,375 00

---------- ------------

2

100 00

1,100 00

1

5 00

2,205 00

4

100 00

740 00

7

350 00

950 00

18

800 00

1,500 00

----------

5

120 00

800 00 1,320 00

2

75 00

1,27500

1

27 67

377 67

----------

2,100 00

6 1,954 79

1,954 79

---------- ------------

----------

:300 00

----------

500 00

10

920 00

1,620 00

TABLE No.3-Continued Schoolhouses and Other School Property; Number of Schoolhouses Built During 1908

Number of Schoolhouses in Cities and Towns not Belonging to County
Board of Education
I

Schoolhouses Built Schoolhouses Re-

During 1908

paired During

1908

COUNTY

0

Ql
:~ a
~

:'="
0;
:>

"C.C.D.
0
"0
Q

Z

:C=D 01 :>

O...J.
0
E-<

:Q=l -~0:>;
0
E-t

Estimated Value of
Other Property

...
..Qcl S:=

Z

...

, :Il=.>
01

..Qcl S:=

:Q=l 01

:>

Z

:>

:C=D -~0:1>
0
E-<

Spalding ________
-- Stephens ________ - -- Stewart ______ - __

---- --
I

-----------
1,000

-- --
-1

-----------
75

-- ---
2

-------------------
1,075

1,200 00 1 1,000 00 1
1,350 00 1

1,000 00 500 00 300 00

1 1,200 00

3

600 00

2

130 00

2,200 00 1,100 00
430 00

Sumter _________ 1 1,000 1 400 2

1,400

5,850 00 - --- ------------ 2 1,200 00

1,200 00

Talbot- ____ --- -- 3 3,000 2 300 5

3,300

1,400 00 2

700 00 3

800 00

1,500 00

Taliaferro ____ - __ 3 10,500 2, 500 5

11,000 ------------

2

10,300 00

2

100 00 10,400 00

TattnalL ________ 5 16,000 3 400 8

16,400

5,000 00 2

1,000 00 10

600 00

1,600 00

Taylor __________ 2 10,000 2 900 4

10,900

3,000 00 6

2,500 00 5

500 00

3,000 00

Telfair___ - ______
-- *TerrelL ______ - _- Thomas ______ -~- *Tift______ - _- __ - -
Toombs _________ Towns __________
- Troup __________ - Turner __________
Twiggs_____ - ____
---- - Union_________ --
~son __________

8
- - --
- ---
- - --
--- -
2
1
- - --
- ---
1
4

3,000
------
-----------
-----2,000 1,500
-----------
1,000 30,000

- -- -- ---
1
-- -- --
---
- - --
----
1

------
-----------
500
--------------------------
-----3,500

8
- -- -1
- --2 1
- ---
- --1 5

3,000
-------------------
500
---------2,000 1,500
----------
------1-,-0-0-0
33,500

500 00 2,10000
600 00
-----------1,000 00 400 00 3,500 00 600 00 1,488 20
-----------6,000 00

2 1 1 3 2 3
- --1 2
--- -
1

800 00 6,500 00
-------\----
3,000 00 600 00
1,200 00
------------
400 00 1,400 00
------------
450 00

12 2
- --4 3 2
11 2
- -- - --

1,400 00 11,661 00
---------375 00 150 00 400 00 918 75 75 00
----------
---------47 00

2,200 00 6,616 61
-----------3,375 00 750 00 1,600 00 918 75 475 00 1,400 00
------------
497 00

:\ Waalltkoenr _______-_-_-_-_-_-

- ---
--- -

-----------

----
----

-----------

--- -
----

-------------------

5,000 00
------------

1 2

1,000 00 800 00

450 00 100 00

1,450 00 900 00

~ Ware______ ____
Warren _________
Washington _____ Wayne__________
Webster_________ White _ _________ Whitfield________ Wilcox__________ Wilkes__________

--- -
I 5 1 2 1 1 2 3

700 21,OOO
500 1,500
750 800 1,200 30,000

1 2
-- --
-- --- --
1 1 1

-----400
3,500
------
------
------
225 250 2,500

- - - \- - - - -21;188

1

500

2

1,500

1

750

2

1,025

3

1,450

4

32,500

------------
2,000 00 4,500 00 2,706 50
500 00 250 00
1,000 00 500 00
1,000 00

-- --
,I
5 2 --- 1 2 3

------------
600 00
-_ .. _--------
1,400 00 311 00
------------
500 00 700 00 1,000 00

- ---
-- -3 5 3 6 1 5 2

----------
----------
1,000 00 483 27 110 00 285 00 150 00 600 00 500 00

------------
600 00 1,000 00
1,883 27 421 00 285 00 650 00
1,300 00 1,500 00

Wilkinson_______ Worth __________

----
5

------
1,850

--- --- -

-----------

- --5

----------
1,850

1,000 00 1 2,000 00 2

150 00 51 800 00 31

300 00 400 00

450 00 1,200 00

*Local Tax County.

TABLE No.4. Receipts and Disbursements.,
(J

TABLE No.4. Receipts and Disbursements.

I

RECEIPTS

I- - - - - - - - - -

COUNTY

I I Amount of Co. Balance on hand Amount of State Treas's Checks Amount Raised Amount from ani Total Receipts

from 1907

Treas's Checks from Hire of

by Local Tax other Sources, I

Convicts

Tuition, etc.

---'--------1-------1------1------- ------1------1------

Appling Baker Baldwin Banks Bartow *Ben HilL Berrien *Bibb Brooks Bryan
Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden
CampbelL CarrolL Catoosa
Chariton *Chatham
Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee

_I $
_ _
_
_ _ _

3,603 41 $ 494 09
947 37 2,766 23
330 09 503 20

_ _

8,002 30

_ _

356 25

_ _ _

6 35 56 10

_ _ _

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

_ _ _

1 72 9,237 08

_

_

1,843 64

87,,807334 3713 $ 12,48308
8,921 35 23,978 81
2,059 20 14,204 10 53,904 17 15,487 49
6,171 68
19,519 93 24,088 12
11,002 22 9,431 25 5,040 17 9,536 24 24,405 18 4,810 34
3,702 62 \ 62,800 35
93,,716118 39781 12,655 14

11,,825302 8886 $_____________ $

1,449 55 1,579 52 1,144 59 1,967 13
1,929 53
3,204 24
1,709 90 750 31 957 44
1,514 04 3,97593

190 00 285 00 2,67500 75,000 00
.___
1,059 98

563 851 9,107 431

1,900 001
110,000 00 I

1,88101657261---------------\

21 25_ $ _
57 20 175 00
_ _ 3,402 89 3 55 _
50 50 _
3 63 _ _ _ _
23 54
18 90 229 75
13647_ _

14,34S 87 8,761 66
13,430 45 13,384 33 ~ 26,348 92 <YJ
6,381 99 16,171 23 132,307 04 25,422 87
6,171 68 23,130 92 24,088 12 12,722 10 10,343 66
5,997 61 11,050 28 34,828 31
4,833 88 6,187 09 191,374 61 4,704 60 10,930 50
14,498 78

CCllaayrke_. ___ " _ _

4,371 66_

Cfayton_____________ Clinch_ ______________

Cobb________________

Co~ee---------------
Columbia____________

Colquitt_____________

Coweta

I

Crawford

1

*Crisp___ _____ ____

DDaadwes_o_n_____________

598 47 590 55
594 79
2,296 26 536 72 44743 26 36
1,60713 1,783 37
834 72_

Decatur_____________ DDoeEdg:aelb_____________ Dooly
Dougherty

3,741 37 4,795 14_
_
_

E~~crhlo~lls~_~_=_=_=_=_~_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=I---------~9~6~9-5~~9

EEflfbienrgtham___________

22 15_

*EmanueL _ ___ __ __ Fannin_ _____________ Fayette

636 63 3,523 34
_

Floyd_______________ Forsyth

59 02 _

Franklin____________ *Fulton_ ______ ____ ___
Gilmer ______________ _ Glascock

4,28897 1,253 77
_ _

*GGloyrndno_n______________ Grady

22,44345_ _

Greene______________

475 00

*Local Tax County.

2,814 47 -______________

7,064 00

1,406 33

10,082 32

731 64

6,248 90

1,002 05

15,656 15

7,638 141 _ _
_ _

11~1:,3~2~1~ 1195 =============== ===============!B-k;-----i57-47_

17,199 44

_

8,520 20

1,377 71

_

8,636 19

1,857 32

3,481 50

_

2,718 00

400 00

_

3,507 97

674 74

_

14,830 99 13,526 40 15,129 60

3,665 88

_ _

5 65 132 34_

16,251 57

2,375 30

_

12,424 35

_

7,446 02 13,603 02
2,42000 8,416 37 15,030 54

1,285 02 1,684 65
409 701 589 16

17,118 76

4,441 86

8,463 68

1,675 84

6,590 67

1,465 64

22,546 46 -______________

10,884 12

9,414 66

2,245 09

20,998 22 9,25470 4,061 20

587 00 .
_ 1,700 00 5,865 43
33 77 29,500 00

500 00_ _ _ _ _
50 02 600 00 25500_
_
2,42399 _ _

1131,,553134 6773

1,786 83

15,698 15

2,359 76

1~297 41 -______________

6,687 16 690 20

__ _
1,332 45

14,824 27
8,470 33 11,412 50
7,841 40 16,250 94 13,997 42
10,472 59 11,768 58 17,225 80
11,505 04 15,758 38
3,953 01 4,182 71 22,243 89 18,453 88
15,129 60 18,626 87 12,424 35 10,571 18 >l'oo
15,287 67 iB
3,799 29 9,027 68 15,030 54 22,197 25
13,712 78 10,356 31 28,715 91
10,917 89 15,948 72 64,17598
9,254 70 4,061 20 44,451 11
11,514 73
18,057 91 16,795 06

'...,r., ,.
TABLE ,No. 4-Continned.
Receipts and Disbursements.

RECEIPTS

COUNTY

Amount of Co.

Balance on hand Amount of State Treas's Checks Amount Raised Amou>::.t from all

from 1907

Treas's Checks from Hire of

by Local Tax oth(jr Sources,

I Convicts ----,......~~----- -------I-~-----I-----

Tuition, etc.

Gwinnett c Habersham HalL *IIancock IIaralson IIarris IIart Heard Henry
Houston~~
*Irwin_,-Jackson Jasper"
Jeff Davis Jefferson

_
_ _ _ _ _

$---------8-5--7-8
218 39
- - - - - -'- -- - -- - -7 16

$

_

_ _

149 21

_

51 61

_

2,145 44

_ _

696 70 571 25

_

_

21,829 66 ,$ 7,694 83

3,623 12 916 29

$-------------
---------------

$---------------------------

17,440 32 --------------- --------------- ---------------

16,998 03

3,426 61

4,408 25

600 00

9,89265

1,831 45

2,000 00 ---------------

12,090 41

2,567 98 --------------- ---------------

12,69543 ---------------

2,683 28

2,200 00

10,088 08

1,174 80 --------------- ---------------

15,640 04

2,687 03

1,658 53 ---------------

20,625 33

500 00 --------------- ---------------

8,098 62

1,329 89 --------------- ---------------

20,128 32 ---------------

4,152 02 ---------------

13,409 70

2,038 76 ---------------

52 05

3,497 75

809 80 --------------- ---------------

15,942 05 --------------- --------------- ---------------

Total Receipts

$

25,452 78

8,696 90

17,658 71

25,432 89

13,731 26 III-
'" 14,658 39 <:>

17,578 71

11,412 09

19,985 60

21,296 94

11,573 95

24,977 04

16,071 76

4,307 55

15,942 05

Jenkins__ _

Johnson_____________
I *Jones _______________ _ Laurens

Lee Liberty
Lincoln Lowndes

"________ '_________ _
I--I

1,596 00
475 28
' __
1,580 85 _
---
5,563 86

10,598 34

1,904 30 ---------------

197 35

11,090 00 --------------- ---------------

339 61

11,802 85 ---------------

4,85000

900 75

21,209 28 --------------- ---------------

133 53

3,379 29 --------------- ---------------

1,576 131

12,286 88

1,724 47 --------------- ---------------

---------220-381 6,395 80 --------------- ---------------

.~'.- 18,458 30

3,028 80 ---------------

12,715 95 11,904 89
740 00 21,322 71
6,536 27 14,011 35 6,395 80 27,271 34

Lumpkin_ ___________ Macon "___________

250 78 1 17 50

Madison_____________ Marion__ . ______

4,1::1409 598 77

McDuffie _ ~ __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - --

Mclntosh

---------------

Meriwether

----- --------------

Miller

-------- ---------------

Milton

---------"-"---

MitchelL ____________

1,260 00

*Monroe i._________

407,94

*Montgomery _________

5,460 52

*Morgan______________ Murray ____ ______

801 1,171 52

Muscogee____________
Newton_____________
Oconee______________ Oglethorpe_ __ Paulding_

732 91
3,009 50
5 79 13 95 747 38

Pickens_ ____________ Pierce_ ______________

6,860 00 50 00

Pike

---------------

'Polk

~~

---------------

PulaskL___ ____ ___

1,314 66

Putnam

---------------

*QuitmaIl_ _ _ _________' 33!;l 22

Rabun __ CO'C __ - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -'- --

*Randolph____ ___ ___ __

2,054 54

*Richmond_ __________

709 69

Rockdale.2-'~ _________

62476

Schley_~~l
*Screven

~

-------------~-

.:',

2,044 37

Spalding Stephens

- -- - - - - -" -- - - -- - - -~----------------

Stewart- - --- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- --

Sumter______________

3,393 52

Talbot_ __ _ ____ ___

2,313 59

Taliaferro ___________

723 24

*Local Tax County.

1~:~~~ ~~ ---------535-53 1------- 68899 ----------68-771

12,698 38

1,544 43

202 86

8,712 30 10,114 98

--------------- --------------4,832 00 -----------"---

6,444 03 20,311 07

697 21 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -1'- - - ---------------- ---------------

167,,176475 5556 12,226 85
1164,,018072 0450
6,821 58 11,666 80 171,,506706 9035 14,387 17 10,239 10
1,165 89
8,033 04 14,230 87 18,876 64 14,10& 31
12,591 03 ,3,890 03 4;91111 17,043 22 51,655 70 4,778 66 5,105 05 115O,,87202Ll8O3 5,413 87
14,407 37 1;3,lMOQ 11,005 01
7',98828

955 60_ _
2,462 30_
1,281 37 4,156 90 2,612 26_
_ _ _
1,374 55 2,836 80
_ _
1,975 11 635 36 709 92
2,646 27 30,408 30
687 13 . 779 38 2,687 26_
_
1,671 73 2,822,01
878 19 I,067IH

17,294 43 6,823 17 2,743 33
426 07
1,950 00
1,126 65 5,855 17 87,874 97
5,723 76 94500

123 03 461 53
2500 4,776 23
43 4,235 00
1,550 00
10 00
76 34 , 54,299 83
12019
9607 5066

6,792 01 13,902 61 18,579 76 9,311 07 14,946 98
7,341 24 20,311 07
7,121 15 17,760 16 35,052 25 28,848 39 19,299 92 9,299 47 16,556 61 21,474 04
7,567 15 14,401 12 15,647 55
8,025 89 ~ 9,457 59 >020,247 07 18,876 64 15,42097 14,576 14 5,991 26 '., 5,708 03 27,675 54 224,948 49 6,210 74 5,884 43 26,278 22 11,647.10 5,413 87 16,175 17 19,432 19 14,196 79 9,779 43

TABLE No.4-Continued. Receipts and Disbursements.
RECEIPTS

COUNTY

Balance on hand Amount of State

from 1907

Treas's Checks

Amount of Co.
Treas's Checks from Hire of Convicts

Amount Raised Amount from all Total Receipts by Local Tax other Sources,
Tuition, etc.

TattnaIL____________ $ Taylor ______________ Telfair ______________ _

1,00041 $ 3,244 75
_

*Terrell_ _____________ Thoma/< _____ . ______
*TifL________________ Toom bs _____________ Towns
Troup_~

2,450 44

4 70

91522

30 11 _



_

TTwurigngesL _c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1,088 70_

U nion_ ______________

12 82

Upson_ _____________

149 01

, Walker______________

590 56

Walton______________

1,454 53

,Ware_______________

1,24584

Warren_____________

1137~ 26

Washington

_

- 597 90

Wayne______________

121 64

Webster~

1

1,534 71

White

I-------------~ -

Whitfield_ __ ________

231 03

Wilcox_ _____________

420 33

Wilkes ______________ _

._

Wilkinson ___________ _

__ _.. _

Worth______________

1,92661

*Local Tax County.

12,052 32 $------------- $

3,033 30 $

6,000 00 $

8,511 31

919 84 --------------- ----_._---------

7,712 00 14,650 45

1,629 39 1,121 00

--------------8,118 93

9,480 00 ~--------------

16,501 73 5,421 92

1,753 39 ----------- ... --- ---------------

1,103 60

8,624 12

83 03

6,961 78 3,888 45 17,829 78 4,658 43 8,452 20 7,121 82 12,181 93
12,602 32

677 08 --------------- ---------------

575 34 ---------------

5 00

3,778 46 ---------------

1,309 34

1,110 14 --------------- ---------------

1,504 36 --------------- ---------------

953 04 --------------- ---------------

2,330.17 --------------- ---------------

3,654 68

~,383 10

5,102 07

18,506 57

1,426 28 --------------- ---------_._--- ...

5,123 51

2,073 92 -------..... _------ ---------------

11,925 57 2"3,237 16

m 1,50248 --------------- ---------------

4,0'68 ---------------

232 65

10,601 72

1,54640 ----- ... - ... --- ... --- -------------- ...

5,133 73

898 33 ---------------

59 50

5,209 16 --------------- --------------- ------.---------

11,031 31

1,959 45 --------------- ---------------

6,95442

1,550 82 --------------- ---------------

18,055 00 9;941 13

426 434

00 72

---

-
-

-
-

----- - - -.-

---------..

--

---------------
1,714 17

12,180 18

2,363 88 ---------------

307 50

22,086 03

4,430 15

9,341 39

35,820 82

18,259 82

16,147 90

7,668 97

4,468 79 ~

22,917 58

~
100

6,857 27

9,956 56

8,087 68

14,661 11

24,332 73

21,387 38

8,443 27

14,803 31

28,136 41

12,269 76

7,621 27

5,209 16

13,241 79 ., 8,925 57

18,487 00

12,900 02

16,778 17

DISBURSEMENTS

TABLE No.4-Continued. Receipts and Disbursements.

DISBURSEMENTS

COUNTY

I

Postage, Ptg.

I

IAmount Paid

1

I Salary of and other In-

I

I to Local

I
1

Sca.laSr.yCo. f

Members . of Board

cidentals, ineluding

School Sup- 1Amount Pa d 1 School Sysplies and to Teachers 1 terns, includ-

TOTAL

Balance on Hand

of Educa- Teachers'

Buildings

1 ing School

tion

Institute

iI

Di
--

stric
--

ts
-

-

Appling _________
Baker___________ Baldwin_________ Banks___________
Bartow__________

$ 816 00 $ 600 00 900 00 519 88 820 50

156 00 $ 7600
104 00 123 00
179 00

494 59 $ 10425 541 56
337 95 478 52

1,872 13 \ $ 415 17 170 79
I 4,215 90
1,013 92

6,446 55 $ 1,531 10 $

7,040 15 ------------

10,949 50 ------------

6,548 15

190 00

16,862 75

3,179 88

11,316 37 $ 8,235 57 12,66.'5 85
11,934 88 22,534 57

3,032 50

526 09

764 60 1,449 45 3,814 35

'"""''""

*Ben HilL ________ Berrien__________
*Bibb____________ Brooks__________ Bryan___________
Bulloch _________ Burke___________ Butts ___________
CalhouIl_________ Camden _________
CampbelL _______ CarrolL _________ Catoo _ ~a ________
Charlton ________

780 00 900 00 2,400 00 600 00 57600 939 00 942 00 575 00
866010 00001 870 00 900 00 200 00 400 00

7800 118 00 4,988 00 130 00 102 00 129 00
52 00 82 00 90 00 78 00 11800 11400 80 00 70 00

172 11

859 00

296 30

12500

2,403 19 18,461 42

1,668 94

332 50

190 23

242 95

3,031 60

1,733 68

2,059 22

193 26

202 55

116 40

254 41

235 00

38 90 ------------

301 25

1,378 70

971 84 ------------
188 63 -- ----------

8847

129 68

4,283 50 ------------

14,900 00

--------

85,224 56 14,009 21

15,346 81 -----------5,060 50 -----------15,754 50 -----------20,842 25 ------------

11,746 15 ------------

7.753 25

1,320 00

5,043 8,381 26,269

50 33 45

----------_.-

---
1

--1-,-8-7-5--6-5

4,354 21 1------------
5,485 00

6,172 61

209 38

16,339 30

168 07

127,486 381

4,820 66

18,078 6,171

2685

_____7_,_3_4_4__6_2

21,587 78

1,543 14

24,088 73

61

12,722 10 ------------

10,243 60 ------------

5,960 40

37 21

11,050 28 ------------

30,130 94

4,697 37

4,810 34

23 54

6,173 15

13 94

*Chatham ________ Chattahoochee ___

5,600 420

00 00

------8-2-,0--0

Chattooga _______ 1 800 00

102 00

21,165 16 47,020 89

162 55

534 50

119 06 ------------

116,550 3,499

00 5.'5

1-------------------------------

7,947 41 I 1,962 03

190 336,051

1,038 56

140,,69938056001

600 ____________

Cherokee ________ Clarke __________ Clay __________ - -
Claytonc ________ Clinch:.:. __'C : ____ - _ Cobb,,~"_,______ -Coffee ___________

Columbia______ -_ Colquitt- ________ Coweta________ - Crawford ________

*Crisp___ - - - - - - - cDade _________ --
Dawson _________ Decatur _________ DeKalb _________ Dodge ________ -Dooly_________ --
Dougherty_______ Douglas _________ Early ___________
Echols __________
Effingham _______
Elbert- _______ - *Emanuel ________
.Fannin________ -Fayett'e _________ Floyd___________

Forsyth,_______ --

Franklin ________

*Fulton ________ --

Gilmer ________ -_

I Glascock ________
*Glynn___________

I

GGorarddyon________-_-_________

902 501 1,200 00
420 00 450 00
478 00 870 00 900 00
500 00 900 00 600 00 500 00 720 00
159 00 287 49
90000 723 00 942 00 930 00
600 00 407 00
531 00 417 00 442 50
900 00 903 00
786 00 402 00 939 00
415 00 796 00 1,800 00 490 00
300 00
2,400 00 36600 700 00

*Local Tax County.

146 00 6000 90 00

381151 476 251
762 93

547 52 147 48 501 94.

96 00 98 00 166 00 128 00 70 00 85 00

250 74 ------------

31 00 -------------

336 39

1,015 00

520 80

1,070 47

41644

466 26

377 15

334 44

82 00 12400
2,600 00 3,650 00
50 00

416 98 ------------

42 00

1,349 19

279 29

855 83

89 00

2500

107 74

200 00

54 00 82 00 142 00 100 00
36 00 130 00 10200 120 00

424 71 ------------

423 57

200 00

1,306 27

641 23

593 20

1,725 05

627 24

2,011 17

73 50

551 60

127 05

568 25

82 95

6500

80 00

418 22

453 60

9000 72 00 258 00

429 37 ------------

54051

875 88

372 96

125 65

94 00 82 00

221 00 508 39

500 00 4,871 52

84 00

209 38 ------------

102 00 ------------

1,171 39

100 00

90000

10,354 51

116 00

415 74

249 68

42 00

4895 ------------

1~~ ggl-------84-25

5,175 51 34 85

106 00

425 27 -----------

11,388 64 ------------'

12,814 33 ------------

:{,735 00

1,661 61

10,249 58 ------------

7,262 69 ------------

13,862 85 ------------

10,104 16

875 00

7,220 49 B,ks. 13698

9,441 16 -----------16,160 02 ------------

7,661 00 ------------

5,966 22

619 09

3,643 00 ------------

3,536 28 ------------

20,536 71

328 47

12,097 83 ------------

10,711 10

1,387 00

14,711 90

4,050 00

9,149 94 ------------

8,910 42 ------------

13,959 47 ------------

2,144 75

83 72

7,633 36 ------------

11,240 63 ------------

18,708 52 ------------

12,129 00 ------------

9,049 00

90 00

15,901 56 ------------

10,187 36 -------------

8,552 81 ------------

34,484 79 ---....,--------

7,829 00 ------------

3,670 25 ---------"---

19,324 60 ------------

10,978 63 ------------
14,731 35 ------------

13,36581

1,122 97

14,698 06

126 21

7,497 33 11,046 32 2,869 69 16,250 04
13,598 43 8,810 17

973 00 366 18
2829 94
39899 1,662 42

11,037 75 17,259 00
9,676 19 8,466 43

730 83 33 20
1,828 85 7,291 95

3,953 01 ------------

224,,128413

8519

1 20 ____________

i~;~~g ~g 1_ ~ ___4:=~~ -~~

"" 18,060 15

566 72

12,424 35 10,072 52

-----------498 66

~
<:n

15,287 67 ------------

2,913 42

885 87

9,027 68 ------------

15,030 54 - --- - - - - - - - - -

21,099 91

1,097 34

13,671 61

41 17

10,356 00

31

25,979 08

2,736 83

10,896 24

21 65

10,622 20

5,326 52

47,639 30 9,10042

16,536 68 154 28

4,061 20 ------------

26,655 51

18,795 60

11,511 73

300 00

15,962 62

2,095 29

TABLE No.4-Continued. Receipts and Disbursements.

DISBURSEMENTS

COUNTY

Salary of C. S. C.

Salary of Members of Board of Educa-
tion

Postage, Ptg./

I

II Amount Paid

and other In-

to Local

cidentals, in- School SI~r Amount Paid School Sys-

eluding . plies an

to Teachers terns, includ-

Teachers'

Buildings

ing School

Institute

Districts

Greene __________
Gwinnett________ Habersham ______ Hall ____________ *Hancock ________
Haralson ________ Harris __________ HarL ___________ H e a r d ___________
Henry __________ H o u s t o n _________ *Irwin ___________ Jackson _________ Jasper __________
Jeff Davis _______ Jefferson ________ Jenkins _________ JOhnSOn_________ / *Jones ___________ Laurens _________ Lee_____________ 1
Liberty _________ 1

750 00 11600

559 18

686 34

937 00 600 00

135 00 106 00

1,366 80 ------------

193 25

130 50

1,039 00

95 50

497 62

226 10

1,250 00 ----------

500 00

74 00

93531 93 73

5,494 53 725 54

72600

52 00

287 71

86 67

900 00

94 00

211 45

3,260 00

399 00 909 32 93600

88 00/ 42 00 9800

85 00

304 56

1,646 09 ------------

431 96

1,580 75

900 00

122 00

310 67

1,845 85

939 00

78 00

851 80

1,400 00

54000

11600

394 10

1,479 00

540 00

84 00

111 95

200 00

840 00 900 00

9800 60 00

410 80 ------------

676 70

1,446 50

615 00

65 00

149 10

992 80

132 00 ----------

939 00

161 00

703 21 1,143 111

1,043 56 415 22

58500 565 50

88 00 140'00

------238-621

22 25 399 70i

12,049 27

2,446 70

22,938 68 ------------

6,703 40

900 00

15,612 84 ------------

17,753 05 ------------

12,337 99 -------.-----

13,506 01 ------------

8,229 38

4,883 28

9,467 80 -----------17,388 19 ------_. ----

15,187 53

3,062 70

5,858 98 21,209 52

976 871 148 72

10,791 07

2,751 31

3,371 60 ------------

12,068 25

2,525 00

9,272 66 ------------

9,026 75

347 92

14,354 851 ____________

18,458361 ____________

5,570 881
12,406 4:3 I

187 591 261 101

1

TOTAL Balance on Hand
I

16,607 49

187 57

25,377 48

75 30

8,693 15

3 75

17,471 06

187 65

25,432 89 ------------
13,731 26 ::-0----------14,658 39 ----- ._-----

17,578 71 ------------

10,344 36

1,067 73

19,985 60 -----------21,296 94 - - - _.- - - - - - - -

10,005 37

1,568 58

24,627 04

35000

16,071 76 ---------~--

4,307 55 ------------

15,942 05 ------------

12,355 86

360 09

11,196 77

708 12

16,973 62

579 98

21,116 69

20602

6,453 72

82 55

14,011 351 ___________ -

Lincoln _________. Lowndes ________ Lumpkin ________ Macon __________ Madison_________ Marion__________
McDuffie ________ }Iclntosh________ }Ieriwether ______ Miller ___________
.}lilton __________
I }IitchelL ________
}Ionroe____ -- -- __ *Montgomery _____ *}Iorgan__________
*}Iurray____ -- -- -- I
Muscogee ________ Newton _________ O c o n e e __________
Oglethorpe ______ Paulding ________ Pickens _________ P i e r c e ___________ Pike ____________ Polk ____________
PulaskL _________
Putnam _________

300 00

44 00

175 65

50 00

S,815 00 -- -- -- -- ----

6,284 65

11 25

670 00

110 00

429 34

845 00

3,614 33

5,000 00

20,668 67

6,602 67

31250

S600

15S 41

204 89

S,113 23

844 02

6,685 75

106 26

713 00

86 00

426 33

1,231 22

6,966 33

4,430 00

13,857 88

44 73

750 00

188 00

386 62

2,416 62

11,689 05 ------------

15,430 29

3,149 47

46250

4200

166 68

750 00

6,4S5 00

1,180 50

9,056 68

254 39

600 00

100 00

53 98

17S 00

9,186 00

4,832 00 14,946 98 ------------

720 00

78 00

227 07

1,089 89

4,777 SO ------------

6,892 44

448 80

801 00

86 00

382 37 -- -- -- -- ----

19,041 70 ------------

20,311 07 ------------

-------- ------------ ------------ ------------ -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- -- ------------

450 00

30 00

356 75

767 00

5,517 40 ------------

7,121 15 ------------

900 00 930 00

128 00
170 00 I

336 61 ------------

814 97

9,S02 36

16,376 67 ------------

22,960 07

513 16

17,760 16 -- -- -- -- ----

34,890 56

161 69

900 765

00 00

-- -- 125-00 I

607 00 1,120 32

3,359 45 906 45

19,499 98 -- -- -- -- ----

15,634 25

27S 06

24,366 43 18,826 00

4,481 96 473 84

400 00

101 00 I

202 33

395 00

7,179 70 ------------

8,278 03

1,021 44

800 00 723 50 368 00 711 00 600 00 330 00

I 104 001
110 00 74 00
80 00 I
I 18660 0000

49S 50 306 94 226 71 260 33 383 10 268 11

778 91 893 24
33 50 414 48 411 00 419 27

12,054 50

2,323 70

11,704 39

321 86

6,855 91 -----------12,935 31 ------------

9,432 38 ------------

6,711 2S

44 55

16,556 61 -- -_._- -- ----

L8,623 38

2,850 66

... 7,558 12

9 03

.'".. 14,401 12 ------------

lS,647 53 ------------

7,859 48

166 41

431 00 900 00 782 21

130 00
82 00 I
104 00

359 44

435 00

462 12 ------------

50 45

668 03

7,245 07 ------------

18,709 55

414 00

. 11,577 10

2,71153

8,651 00

857 08

20,567 67 ------------

15,893 32

2,983 32

900 00

198 00

925 32

1,165 S3

12,040 59 ------------

15,229 44

191 53

888 75

10600

626 74

777 91

8,608 99

3,075 00

14,085 39

490 7S

*iuaibtmuna_n_-_-__- _-_-_-_-_-
*Randolph________ *Richmond _______
R o c k d a l e ________ Schley __________ *Screven _________ Spalding _____ c __ Stephens ________

252 00
300 00 1,200 00 3,000 00
531 00 480 00 702 00 800 00 690 00

102 00 70 00 52 00
61600 10600
39 00 108 00
60 00 92 00

7 4S

289 42

120 75

651 18

2,274 28

368 09

29,521 23 76,107 94

204 72

111 67

844 93

154 59

885 30

1,776 65

221 149

10 90

I--

--

--

-- ---4000

5,148 40 ------------

4,566 10 ------------

20,274 33 -- -- -- -- ----

84 139,59 30,000 00

3,894 72

117 16

3,854 68 ------------

20,375 05 ------------

9,620 00

946 00

4,441 97 -- -- -- ----

5,799 27

191 99

S,708 03 ------------

24,168 70

3,506 84

223,384 76

1,563 73

4,965 27

1,245 47

5,373 20

511 23

23,847 00

2,431 22

11,647 30 -- -- -- -- -- _.-

5,413 87 ------------

*Local Tax County.

- - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ . _ - - - - - - - - - -

-- - - - - - - - - -

-------_._-----

TABLE No.4-Continued.

Receipts and Disbursements.

._---

---

DISBURSEMENTS

- - - _.._-

COUNTY

Salary of C. S. C.

Salary of
Members of Board of Educa-
tion

Postage, ptg.1

I

/Amount Paid

and other In-

to Local

cidentals, in- School Sl~r- Amount Paid School Sys-

eluding

~lies an

to Teachers terns, inelud-

Teachers' Institute

uildings

. ing School
Districts

Stewart _________ Sumter__________

$

500 00 720 00

$

10008 130 00

Talbot _. ________

850 00

7600

Taliaferro _. _____ Tatt'nalL ________ Taylor. _________ Telfair _. ________

450 00 812 00
53000 720 00

128 00
172 00 7400
148 00

*Ter~ell_. ________ Thotna~. ________
*Tift~ __ - ______ Toombs _________ Towns __________ T r o u p ___________ Turner __________
Twiggs___ ______ Union___________ Upson. _________ . Walker. _________ Walton__________

1,100 00

142 00

90000 ----------

900 00

88 00

720 00

102 00

30000

52 00

615 00

40 00

800 00

84 00

78000

98 00

300 00

9400

600 00

6400

753 00

126 00

939 00

41 00

I War~,~".:-~"f;I."=:".,..-- ----
W Wasahrrienqi~. o~ n_-r -- -- -- ----

426 00 663 00 900 00

171 00 8400 72 00

$ 65526 $ 356 68

71192

2,163 90

250 47

781 80

11354

261 56

276 37

188 87

126 18

60 12

115 00

1,900 00

9,892 49

3,457 04

521 16 -- -- -- -- ----

187 32

5,610 31

87 97

5000

41 45

740 36

254 47

1,593 69

16400

12500

529 72

225 00

182 75 ------------

267 97

289 06

39599

327 50

205 44

650 00

161 68 ------------

242 43

18682

596 17

550 46

$ 10,208 85 $ 4,354 30 $

13,424 62 -- -- -- -- ---9,065 74 -- -- -- -- -- --

7,451 15 -----------8,351 98 11,483.30

8,640 85 -- -- -- -------

7,061 00 ------------

20,209 47

143 90

16,833 96 - .... ----------

8,588 00 -- -- -- -- -- --

4,064 00

2,645 00

3,334 98 ------------

19,036 57

1,277 85

4,589 35 -- -- -- -- ----

7,319 84

97000

7,429 97 -- -- -- -- -- --

13,465 36 ------------

12,020 98

645 00

19,251 94 -- -- -- -- --'--

4,464 83

958 09

9,78484

3,020 00

25,943172 -- -- -- -- ----

TOTAL Balance on Hand

16,175 17 $-- -- -- ----

17,150 44

2,281 75

11,024 01

3,172 78

8,404 25

1,375 18

21,284 52

801 51

9,430 15

3,626 73

9,944 00

602 61

34,944 90

875 92

18,255 12

4 70

15,433 63

71427

7,668 97 -- -- -- -- ----

4,468 79 ------------

22,917 58 ------------

5,762 35

1,09492

9,956 56 ------------

8,006' 72

80 96

14,686 39

25 28

14,268' 47 -- -- -- -- ----

21,387' 38 ------------

6,081 60

2,361 67

13,981 09

822 22

28,062 35

74 06

VVayne__________
VVebster_________ VVhite___________
VVhitfield________ VVilcox__________' VVilkes __________
VVilkinson ___ -- -- I
VVorth __________ 1

720 00 [ 312 00
360 00 600 00 78000 720 00
600 00
60000 I

*Local Tax, County.

118 00 [ 116 00
66 00 9000 62 00 102 00 114 00
74 911

497 96[

1,243 62

123 79

421 57

155 16

285 25

196 80 ------------

238 31 -- -- -- -- ----

75 00

150 00

4,933 39

189 40

347 94

419 10

9,383 13

235 28[

5,477 76 ------------1
4,342 75 -- -- -- -- ----

8,114 47

4,009 49

5,471 20

2,020 00

13,774 00 ------------

8,884 75 ------------

12,100 90

1,800 00

12,197 99

71 77

6,451 12

1,170 15

5,209 16 -- -- -- -- ----

13,010 76

231 03

8,671 51

254 06

18,421 00

6000

12,721 54

631 52

15,402 85

1,375 32

..,.""

,
TABLE No.5. High Schools, Number of Pupils in High Schools, Sup-
plementary Terms, Local Tax Distrids, School Libraries.

TABLE No.5.

COUNTY

Number of Schools in Co.

Number of.

Number of

.,., .... III ol~

Pupils in High Schools having .O .:':I~~

School Libraries

giving High School Courses

School Grades

Supplementary Term

'CiSIII
o~

White

Colored

Total

I Wh - - - -

Col
--

I-To-t

Wh --

Col
--

Tot
-~

Wh --

Col
--

Tot
--

Zol
E-t

-N-o

I-V-ol-s

I-Va-lu-e

I No --

I Vols
--

Val
--

No
--

Vols ---

Value ---

BAapetrn_g__- _- _-_-_-_-

2 4 250 $ 175

7 3 10

4

94

60

$-- 4 250 $ 175

4

94

60

Baldwin______

617

2 180 300 1 65 100 3 245 400

Banks________

3 490 175

3 490 175

Bartow_______ 5

5 133 5 138 12

12 4 10 1,200 800

10 1,200 800

*Ben HilL ____

20 13 33 Co 5 506 250

5 506 250

Berrien_______ 4 *Bibb_________

4 75

75 4

43 Co. 20 8,000 3,500

3 500 300 23 8,500 3,800

Brooks_______ 7 2 9 300 20 320 30 5 35 8

Bryan________ 2

2 20

20 8 3 11 -- -- 3 150 100

Bulloch ______ 6 1 7 200 5 215 18

18 6 19 800 500

Burke________

26 62 88

12 1,200 950

3 150 19 800 12 1,200

100 500

~
0 to-

950

Butts ____ ---- 8

8 202

202 12

12 4 7 250 250

7 250 250

Calhoun______ 3

7

9

9

5 350 450

5 350 450

Camden ______ 3

38

83

3

3 287

80

3 287

80

CampbelL ____ 7

7 237

237 5

.5 2 2 100

25

2 ,100

25

Carroll _______ 10

10 246

246

4 16 3,670 667

16 3,670 667

Catoosa ______ I

1 24

24 4

4

2 550 250

2 550 250

Charlton _____

1

75 125

1

75 125

*Chatham _____

415

415 22 32 54 Co. 16 2,000 1,000 3 300 100 19 2,300 1,100

Chattahoochee _____

Chattooga ____ 4 Cherokee _____ 4

4 158 4 171

158 3 171 10

3 3 3 184 100

10

10

600

1300

184 ______

100 600

Clarke _______ 1 Clay _________

1 26

26 12 14 26

8 582 650 1 110 110 9 692 760

8 1,200 400

8 1,200 400

Clayton ______

I1

60

20

1

60

20

Clinch________
Cobb _____ -- -- 1--101-- -- I 10 100

100 10

---:I--~~ 5 50!> 600
10 4 ---- 1------

60 7 550 66()

Coffee________

Colquitt______ Columbia_____ Coweta_______

7 12 7

Crawford _____ 5

7 20 12 62 7 80 5 51

20 10 62 4 80 4 51 5

-- -- ! 2 150 50

10 3 1

350

4

7 140 100

4 5 6 125 150

5 1 4 250 175

*DCor. i ze-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_Dawson ______

1

1 20

3 20 2

3 Co.

2

2 36 20

16 540 300

Decatur _~ ____ 10

DeKalb ______ Dodge _______

2

10 100 2

100 19 4

19 25 {) 500 250 4 2 6 200 100

Dooly________

5 4 250 150

Dougherty____ 1 2 3

Douglas ______

Early. _______ 6

6 34

Echols. ______

2 200 600

34 7 10 17 3 5 300 175

I

1

2 133 60

Effingham ____ 7 1 8 150 20 170 8

8 4 5 620 350

Elbert. ______

3 1 4 1 3 291 110

*Emanuel. _.~_ Fannin_______ 5 Fayette ______

5 200

200

6 1 25 1,500 1,500 5 1 40 30

Floyd________ 6 Forsyth ______ 2

6 400 2 30

400 2 30 5

2 12 20 4,000 500 5 1 2 60 40

Franklin ____ . 10

*Fulton _______ Gilmer _______

2 2

10 750 2 50 2 38

750 10 50 38 3

10 13

Co. 30 4,000 '6,500

3

6 500 300

*GGllaysncno_c_k______. ____ 2

Gordon_______ 10

Grady________ 2

Greene. ______ I

Gwinnett_____ 6

HHaablle.r_s_h_a_m__.____ .6

*Hancock ~-::~ __

-- -r
... - --

-- --

2 40

40

2 50 200

5 3,000 2,000

10 123 4 127 20

20 1 7 350

2 76

76 10 5 15 5 4 550 250

1

14

14 3 6 1,000 500

6 196

196 21

6 1,2501 ____ 1,250 ____

21 10 6 1,000 600

5

1,000

--821--10 --921--~il

ali

8 all Co.

9 890 255 13 1,600 1,050

*Loeal Tax County.

2 150 50

1

350

7 140 100

6 125 150

4 250 175

2 36 20 16 540 300
5 500 250 6 200 100
4 ---2-150------1-5-0

2 200 60

5 300 175

2 133 60

5 620 350

3

291

110 eJ"l

0

25 1,500 1,500 ~

1 40 30

20 4,000 500

2 60 40

30 4,000 6,500

6 500 300

2 50 200

5 3,000 2,000

7 350

4 550 250

6 1,000 500

6 1,000 600

5

1,000

9 890 255

1 65 20 14 1,665 1.115

TABLE No.5-Continued.

COUNTY _ _~

Number of Schools in Co. giving High School Courses
Wh Col Tot

Number of

15 Number of

d:J 1

S_c_h_o_o_I_L_ib_r_a_rl_e._s

_

Pupils in High Schools having

o~ School Grades Supplementary

Term

....

White

I Colored

Total

I I o ~

1------- 1--------

Wh Col I Tot I Wh I Col Tot ZE-< No I Vols I~alue No Vols Val No Vols I Val~

Haralson _-- -- 4 Harris_______ 10 Hart__ ___ __ __ 3

4 140 10 42
3 100

Heard____ __ __ 5

5 200

Henry _ _ _ ____ \ 9 1 10 240

Houston____ __ 12

12 40

*Irwin________

6

Jackson______ 9 Jasper_______ 3

9 230 3 25

Jeff Davis _

Jefferson _

Jenkins

_1

Johnson

_1

*Jones

_4

Laurens

_3

Lee

----

1 50 1 4 25
3

Liberty ---

Lincoln

-- 4

Lowndes __ --- 13

Lumpkin _

4 80 1 14 96

Macon Madison Marion

_5 _8 _1

5 34 8 236 1 30

Mc Duffie - - --- 2 Mclntosh__ --- 1

2 127 1 15

----I 51----[ Meriwether _ 4

4 50

Milton MitcheU

5 40 _ 3 _ 3 77

140 42
100 200 240 40
6 230
25
50
25
80 4 100
34 236
30 127 15 50 40 77

1

1 7 5 -- -5-8-- 1 $ 112250

$__

13 3 13

5

5

10

10

2 160 50

5

52

3

2

650 375

Co.

275 150

13

13 14

667 358

6 28

50 10

50

25

20

20

3

I 3

1

25

550000

3501---- ----1---250

Co. 4 500 250

4

4 3 2 200 300

10 1 11

2

2

18 1 19

12 5 17

415

1

1

5
1~

I---i

I

5 10
5

====1 1=====5=0

2 12 933

11 375

2

3 5 1230

15 7 306

21

97

41 41 700

~I

i1~

500 1,150

40 400 145
800 500 125
300 150 1,050

----1----
---- ----

5

$$125

5 585 120

2 160 50

8 650 375

5 275 150

7 667 358

2

50

lOOT

1

50

25 ~

2 500 350 5 500 250 4 500 250 2 200 300

1

50

12 933

11 375

5 1,230

7 306

1

97

4 700

1~ I

500 1,150

40 400 145
800 500 125
300 150 1,050

*Monroe_______
*Montgomery __ *Morgan_______
Murray_______
M u s c o g e e _____ Newton ______ O c o n e e _______
Oglethorpe ___
Paulding ___ -- I
Pickens ______ P i e r c e ________ Pike _________ Polk _________ PulaskL ______ Putnam ______ '.!'Quitman _____ Rabun _______
*Randolph_____ *Richmond ____
R o c k d a l e _____ Schley _______ *Screven ______ Spalding _____ Stephens _____ Stewart, ______ SumteL ______ 'I;dbot. ______
Taliaferro ____ TattnalL _____ Taylor _______ Telfair _______ *Terrell _______
Thomas ______ *Tift__________
Toombs ______

17 1
3 4 4 61
I
30 10 2 4
I
2 3 9 8 10
53
5
3
3 '3 62 8 6
-- --I I
2 -- --

*Local Tax County.

18 160 38 198 ---- 1---- -- --

3 108 4 80 1 100 7 185 1 20 40 400 2 104 4
1 50 2 127 3 31 9 44 '8 10 100

108 8

80 3

100 6

15 200 24

20

75 475 30

I 2 -~~~

11 4

4

50 15

127 4

31 4

44 6

100 5

8 3 28 4 28
30
.n
4 4 15 4 4 4 10
5

8 260 100 360

2

2

5 56

56 ---41==== 4

3

3

3' 10

10 12

12

3 35

35 5

3 40

40 10

8 60 10 70 6

8 200

200 10

6 49

49

5 10 6 5 15

1 2

111 ____ 220 -- --

11

11 220

____ 1 ____ 1 ____ -_ __ -_ ___ ___

~I Co. f
Co.

2,000 500

Co. 24 2,400

2 160

19 5 250

42 2,300

1 6 550

3 30 800

1 4 250

8 480

10 2 36

10 5 200

6 260

2 7 800

4 12 1,400

Co. 1

50

6 1,500

Co. 15 800

20 3,500

15 800

10 500

Co. 8 745

7 2 200

7 3 300

1 4 325

20 1,700

2

15 4 175

5 10 800

1 3 160

3 400

Co. 5 300

2 200

Co. 5 200

----1------

1,000 200
1,500 75 100
1,200 200 350 75 400 25 100 125 500 350 20 700 375
2,000 250 400 223 200 150 100 850
125 300 160 400 150 200 120

1 500 200 1 34 10 10 150 40
1 100 30 2 500 200

5 2,500 1,200

6 500 200

25 2,434 1,525

2 160 75

5 250 100

42 2,300 1,200

6 550 200

40 950 390

4 250 75

8 480 400

2 36 25

5 200 100

6 260 125

7 800 500

12 1,400 350

1

50

20

6 1,500 700

16 900 405

22

4,000

2,200

Ot 0

15 800 250 Ot

10 500 400

8 745 223

2 200 200

3 300 150

4 325 100

20 1.700 850

4 175 125

10 800 300

3 160 160

3 5

400 300

400
no

2 200 200

==== I---~ I---~~~ 1-- -~~~

Table No.5-Continued.

COUNTY

Number of Schools in Co.
I giving High School ~ourses
Wh I Col I Tot

Number of

Number of

~~ c:>.~

Pupils in High School Grades

Schools having Supplementary

~01i"i
'OA

\ Term
Wh I Col I Tot Wh ~ Tot

o

M oj

ZE-<

School Libraries

White

Ir Colored

Total "

No I Vols I Value

No I Vols IVaI

1
I No

I Vois

IValue

Towns.______ 2

Troup________ 18

Turner_______ 2

Twiggs_ __ __ __ 10

Union

_

Upson. -- 9 Walker___ __ __ 8

Walton____ ___ 10

Ware

_

Warren

6

Washington __ 22

Wayne.

_

Webster______ 3

White_~_ ___ __

4

Whitfield_____ 1 Wilcox_______ 4 Wilkes ___ __ __ 6

Wilkinson____ 4 Worth_______ 21

2 350 -- -- 350 2 -- -- 2 -- -- 2 1,600 $1,500 -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 1,600 $1,500

18 141 -- -- 141 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 300 100 -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 300 100

2 250 _.- -- 250 10 30 -- -- 30

2 -- -3 -- --

23 3 -- --

2 15

-- ---495

-- ---250

-- --
-- --

----

--
--

-- --- --

2 ------ -- -15 495 250

- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- I

60

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- I

60 20

2 11 200 10 210 4 1 5 -- -- 5 1,650 1,000 1 150 60 6 1,800 1,060 CJl

1 9 250 4 254 12 1 13 5 9 465 10 100 -- -- 100 15 -- -- 15 -- -- 25 1,900

330 -- -- -- -- -- -- 9 465 500 -- -- -- -- -- -- 25 1,000

330 0 500 0)

- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 -- -- ------ ------ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- -- --

2 8 80 20 100 2 -- -- 2 -- -- 25 300 400 -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 300 400

2 24 328 36 362 23 2 25 1 21 2,223 1,200 1 282 50 22 2,505 1,250

-- -- -- -- -- --

3 -- --

3 -- --

3

115

60 -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 115

60

3 105 16 121 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 160

65 1 25 15 4 185

80

4 60 -- -- 60 4 -- -- 4 1 3

63

50 -- -- -- -- -- -- 3

63

50

1 25 -- -- 25 9 -- -- 9 2 4 600 400 -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 600 400

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 -- -- liO 20 10 200 150 -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 200 150

1 7 375 75 450 15 3 18 4 5

4 50 -- -- 50 8 -- -- 8 -- -- I

I 1 22 93 10 103 1

61 __ --

6

71 9

500 50

1,000 50

-- --
-- --

-- --- --

-- --
-- --

537 150 -- -- -- -- -- --

,

5 500 1,000
~I 50 50 537 150

*Local Tax County

TABLE No.6. Branches of Study Taught.

TABLE No.6 Branches of Study Taught

COUNTY

Orthography No. of Pupils

Reading No. of Pupils

Writing No. of Pupils

I English Grammar
No. of Pupils

Geography No. of Pupils

White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored

Appling _________ Baker___________ Baldwin_________

1,447 300 799

401 1,450 1,823

1,356 459
847

421 1,405 1,944

1,344 570 878

442 1,304 1,809

440 134 753

150 75 536

620 175 678

167 139 570

Banks __________

1,982

680

1,6981

582

1,604

555

901

151

889,

148

Bartow _________
*Ben HilL _______ Berrien _________
*Bibb____________

2,459

852

799

479

2,500 ---------

2,

384 799

1

10,55 479

3,000 ---------

2,530

885

799

479

3,000 ---------

1,085

239

259

152

1,400 ---------

1,129

274 Cll

799

479

o
00

1,375 ---------

Brooks__________
Bryan __________ Bulloch_________

--------1,304
t975 3,186

--------2,000 525 1,592

--------1,200 865 3,200

--------'1,420 425 1,360

--------1,304 875 3,125

--------- ---------

1,420

1,005

425,

340

1,000

2,401

--------326 80
1,119

--------921 750
2,904

--------345 125
1,020

Burke __________ Butts ___________

876 1,739

3,361 1,359

843 1,632

3,738 1,524

871 1,776

3,392 1,520

517

1,282

843

396

394

1,375

878

522

Calhoun_________ Carnden _________

525

1,219

472

847

610

1,040

435

822

615 476

700 833

350 248

351 295

320 288

290 344

CampbelL _______

1,700

800

1,438

750

1,600

520

1,000

200

1,200

100

CarrolL _________ Catoosa _________

4,783 917

1,152 114

4,354 910

1,285 105

5,263 871

1,145 112

2,373 431

381

2,395

32

476

484 32

*CharIton ________ Chatharn________ Chattahoochee ___

600
---------
368

112 ---------
794

700 ---------
317

112
---------
904

852 ---------
352

112 ---------
840

590 ---------
192

41 ---------
183

600
---------
197

48 ---------
164

Chattooga _______

1,617

533

1,639

485

1,604

529

726

148

793

176

Cherokee ________

1,276

240

2,916

182

2,117

81

912

61

976

26

Clarke __________

577

989

502

996

652

1,153

286

215

328

294

Clay ____________ Clayton _________

247 1,247

761

278

641

1,261

882

287

911

1,288

669 722

124 707

220 246

145 616

343 371

Clinch __________ Cobb ___________ Coffee___________

--------3,330 1,556

--------1,051 543

---------
3,330 1,793

---------
1,051 587

---------
3,525 1,845

---------
1,060 553

---------
2,590 803

--------260 137

--------1,850 720

-------1-5-6
181

Colquitt_________

2,704

435

2,704

435

2,704

435

1,352

130

1,352

130

Columbia________

569

1,381

500

1,550

629

1,482

302

483

338

407

Coweta _________

1,860

1,721

1,895

2,535

1,939

2,521

991

898

1,102

962

Crawford ________

820

927

769

980

818

801

424

231

372

252

*Cru~ ___________

840

520

816

680

790

490

440

110

425

150

Da e ___________

877

92

' 796

92

832

92

262

141

390

14

Dawson _________

1,082

29

997

29

947

25

373

5

417

4

Decatur _________

2,486

2,561

2,495

2,640

2,456

2,344

1,093

653

1,230,

828

DeKalb_________

2,453

567

2,453

567

2,453

567

908

98

1,308 1

175

Dodge __________

1,910

1,144

1,990

1,173

1,993

989

852

320

750

319

Dooly______ - _- --

1,154

1,883

1,125

2,075

1,r78

1,894

644

417

538

534

Dougherty_______

525

1,550

525

1,550

525

1,550

425

500

275

650

Douglas______ - __ Early ___________ Echols__________

1,760 1,323
501

624 1,516
98

1,748 1,306
476

651 1,481
U5

1,766 1,231
480

654 1,372
106

518 582 187

69 396
65

922 1 624 232

166

361

~,
0

43 <0

Effingham _______

1,200

805

1,175

650

1,190

580

600

220

560

275

Elbert __________

1,954

1,798

2,018

1,718

2,063

1,717

1,001

541

853

524

*EmanueL _______

1,252

1,464

3,620

1,789

3,592

1,406

1,774

469

1,759

430

Fannin__________ Fayette____ - _- __ Floyd___________

3,000 ---------

1,339

806

2,070

398

3,075 1,339

-------8-0-6

2,268

816

2,872 ---------

1,339

806

2,142

621

417 ---------

629

205

1,005

310

463 ---------

731

252

862

310

Forsyth _________

2,621

201

2,330

214

2,139

249

791

41

1,075

62

Franklin ________

2,275

625

1,500

300

2,275

625

1,000

200

1,500

325

*Fulton __________

3,742

1,473

2,500

1,225

3,742

1,473

2,195

675

1,520

725

Gilmer _______ - __

1,193

8

1,727

10

1,497

6

611

5

652

7

Glascock ________

720

454

502

312

640

400

400

198

485

205

*Glynn. __________

1,460

980

1,133

969

1,231

980

360

67

360

67

Gordon ___ ~ _____

2,438

93

2,286

196

2,045

166

1,014

89

1,268

89

Grady __________

2,355

1,025

2,317

1,058

2,316

692

1,074

160

940

229

Greene __________

1,012

2,591

905

2,581

952

2,453

611

874

589

994

Gwinnett________

6,212

722

5,136

629

6,190

670

3,865

208

4,138

409

*Local Tax County.

COUNTY

Orthography No. of Pupils

TABLE No.6-Continued

Branches of. Study Taught

Reading

,I
Writing

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

I English Grammar \
No. of Pupils

Geography No. of Pupils

White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored

----

Habersham ______ HalL ___________

1,854 4,647

134

1,760

689

3,942

133

1,913

719

3,826

151

835

681

1,541

57

813

191

1,670

44 190

*Hancock ________ H a r a l s o n ________ Harris __________ HarL ___________
Heard __________ Henry __________

---------,
3,063 1,121
2,760 1,898 2,515

--------543
1,311
1,340 799
2,440

--------2,163
1,002 2,700 1,583 2,515

--------423
1,112 1,340
821 2,440

--------1,802
1,026 2,760 1,486 2,515

--------423
1,753 1,340
571 2,440

--------922 593
1,895 693 695

--------60
823 275
382 428

-

-. -

-----1,242

-------
75

571

946

1,895

275

811

358

798

602

::1
'='

Houston ________ *Irwin ___________
Jackson _________ Ja~er __________

951 846 4,420 813

2,333 504
1,464 2122

864 814
4,270 743

2,239 504
1,692 2,268

1,011 860
4,216 811

1,919 498
1,490 2,085

560 450
1,840
371

767

538

275

460

299

2,001

308

428

8 19 250
495
660

Je Davis_______

763

198

763

198

763

198

412

63

439

7f)

Jefferson_, _______ Jenkins _________ Johnso~_________

1,571 887
1,520

1,910 1,124
849

1,522 912
1,771

1,871 1,314
886

1,7{)5
912 1,866

1,722
928 841

809 453 767

435 415 195

800 404 775

497 392 207

*Jones___________ L a u r e n s _________ Lee_____________ .

843 2,980
223

1,650 1,878 1,113

865 2,891
235

1,780 2,219 1,205

865 2,976
214

1,650 2,189
1,232

340 1,469
192

500

354

476

1,298

503

220

500 500 947

Liberty ..________

1,014

1,482

879

1,486

t,012

1,104

439

206

550

3f)f)

Lincoln _________

820

861

753

907

767

754

404

342

486

:{ 1:~

Lowndes________ Lumpkin ________ Macon __________
Madi$oD _________ I

1,453
929 439
2,152[

1,549
78 1,366
674

1,379 901 370
2,1301

1,606 68
1,490,
8491

1,513 759 433
1,901 [

1,495 70
1,245
6171

767 253 231
8841

417 28
236
2681

772 263 209,
9171

463 24
4 1:~ 2:~5

Marion

1

9411

McDuff;e

1 1,0041

McIntosh

/

302

-~rll~';~~ ~~~= --== =I __ ; __2:~~~ 11

Mllton ,

1

1;385

MitcheIL________

2,472

*Monroe__________

1,537

1,060 1,244
849
~,~~~ I 1551
1,676 2,610

7651 8951
3021
~,~~~
1,393
2,338 1,509

8901 1,0481
8491
2::~~ I 168
1,757 3,152

9411 965
302
~':~~ 1
1,417
2,499 1,523

1,0601 9501
849
2:~~~ I 136!
1,550 3,017

5201 505
131
1::~~ I 472
1,040 931

315

4011

320

342

5781

430

213

1361

226

~:: ~~~~~ 1 ~~~

58

728

60

406

1,299

530

850

835

1;195

*Montgomery . *Morgan

Murray

Muscogee__

Newton_________

Oconee__________

Oglethorpe

Paulding________

Pickens_________

Pierce___________

Pike____________

Polk____________

Pulaski

Putnam_________

*Quitman

Rabun__________

*Randolph

*Richmond_______

Rockdale_ _______

Schley__________

*Screven__

Spalding

Stephens___

Stewart___

Sumter

Talbot__________

Taliaferro

TattnaIL________

Taylor__________

Telfair

1

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------

1,334

2,344. 1,319

2,708

1,401

2,628

822

866

733

731

1,861

60

1,557

50

1,517

35

591

20

672

15

971

1,690

800

1,450

900

1,400

500

600

700

800

1,560

1,565' 1,518

1,843

1,610

1,723

610

308

624

549

1,224

1,132

1,196

1,281

1,312

1,350

532

289

515

286

1,035

2,549

1,406

2,510

1,542

2,243

850

645

809

847

3,250

415

3,250

402

3,250

395

1,195

144

1,195

222

1,918

82

1,658

82

1,778

82

504

40

654

39

1,812

428

1,812

428

1,812

428

765

184

680

170

1,482 2,302

878

1,518

1,587

1,518

1,587

734

2,316

663

2,032

497

758 579

397

808

81

1,225

e 458 39

1,691

1,148

1,831

1,496

1,552

1;247

851

302

863

344 I-'

475

1,652

495

1,602

560

1,520

288

602

302

540

209

268

189

464

200

342

125

104

117

104

1,261

34

1,158

41

1,283

41

392

16

461

16

1,180

1,917

1,296

2,476

1,265

1,618

753

508

695

800

5,514

3,565

5,514

3,565

5,514

3,565

2,286

844

2,286

844

820

580

786

564

861

534

438

193

403

237

407

714

424

782

435

756

227

192

225

203

1,697

2,198

1,758

2,269

1,815

2,082

846

580

872

561

1,188

1,39.'5

1,055

1,009

950

794

.'509

160

792

334

1,200

300

700

300

500

200

400

100

700

100 .

474

2,357

419

2,.'564

504

2,373

320

775

290

881

950

3,006

950

2897

950

2,525

530

839

444

1,064

745

1,803

754

1,923

'/20

1,685

670

],995

465

801

533

1,393

533

1,393

506

],343

340

225

350

230

2,615

639

2,525

639

.2,615

639

1,121

2501'

1,1211

639

1,420

1,350

1,420

1,350

1,420

1,350

735

426

840

432

1,600

400

1,600

5501

1,7001

450

800

200

1,000

160

*Local Tax County.

Orthography

TABLE No.6-Continued Branches of Study Taught.

, Reading

Writing

English Grammar

Geography

COUNTY

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored

*TerrelL _________

900

1,463

993

2,330

993

2,330

623

770

623

770

Thomas _________ *Tift_____________
Toombs _________

--------1,364 894

--------421 283

--------1,317 938

--------406 226

--------1,326 897

--------410 148

--------- ---_._----

669

142

6481

83

---------
586 798

--------183 122

Towns __________ Troup __________ Turner __________
Twiggs__________
Union___________ Upson __________

1,220 ---------

1,015

1,924

1,594

588

594

1,153

1,837

15

1,384

1,537

1,220 ---------

1,018

2,193

1,594

588

548

1,346

1,398

12

1,345

1,629

1,220 ---------

1,148

2,024

1,594

588

631

1,260

321

4

1,330

1,448

662 596

-

--.--

---830

572

48

304

429

841 ---------

782

550

662 ---------

666

852

572

48

251

395

1,157

5

725

468

Walker _________ Walton _________ Ware ___________
Warren _________ 1 Washington _____

500 32,,749 1 1,027
627 2,387

690 1,499
187 1,557
3,003

3,200 2,622
1,083
697 2,018

600 1,641
171 1,637
2,203

3,500
2,387 1,132
6121 475

470
808 186
1,490 3,005

2,100 1,053
319
357 1,658

210 468
51 389 1,T3'4

2,600 1,259
565 398 1,529

250 382
I,m46

wayne__________ 1

1,968

459

1,989

482

21,,948 1

457

757

110

871

141

Webster_________ White __________

417 1,003

650 130

404 908

765 98

457 768

658 87

198 348

175 31

223 427

242 62

Whitfield________ 1 Wilcox__________

2,150 ],200

Wilkes __________ 1 , 1,700

1961 400
1,800

1,752 1,100 1,010

214
350 1,600.

1,796 1 11,,270]20 1

245
300 1,810

762
600 614

67 100 412

859 550 724

89 95 8]6

Wilkinson_______ I
Worth __________ I

1,104 1,833

742.1 1,102i

1,1041 1,6851

742 1,150 1

1],.180724 1

742

542 1

923

1.0541

167

542

32]

1,033

167 a90

*Lo('al Tax County.
t Fi~ures of 1907.

TABLE No.6 Branches of Study Taught.
17-de

TABLE No.6-Continued Branches of Study Taught

Arithmetic

History

Physiology

Agriculture

Civil Government

COUNTY

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored

I

BAal'krlelrn_g_-_-______- _- _-____

1,

373 270

1

360 379

355 136

80

350

89

59

45

470

310

174

Baldwin_________
Banks __________ Bartow _________

891 1,416 2,362

1,316 413 758

639 606 875

30.3 68 75

220 404 370

301 71 79

72 365 117

58

65

13

59 75

1]0 71

---------9

45

197

12

6

87

5

*Ben HilL ___ ____

799

479

259

152

799

479

259

479

259

152

Berrien _________ *Bibb____________
Brooks__________

2,350
---------
1,300

-----------------
1,842

1,575
---------
892

--------.-
-------'- ..
361

500
---------
160

-----------------
60

125
---------
342

-----------------
60

75
------3-4-2-

---------
_.,--------
60

Bryan __________ Bulloch _________ Burke___________ Butts ___________ Calhoun_________
Camden _________

tROO[ 2,268
798 1,482
525 402

200 980 2,977 1,408 700 734

325 1,265
354 749 320 246

75 410 934 230 119 228

600

300

9061

295

301

512

367

138

310

90

130

124

600 741 132 129 150
55

75

225'

25

125 213

-------1-9-3

-------1-0-9

65

121

23

27 1

109

12

86

29

4

CampbelL _______ Carroll __________ Catoosa _________

1,250 4,875
924

300 1,072
77

Charlton ________
I *Chatham ________
------~:~I========= Chattahoochee ___

780
---------
340

59
---------
428

Chattooga _______ Cherokee ________
~~~ -------~~ Clarke __________

1,575 1,512
528

388 52
827 1

1,200 2,098
406
154 591 1,263 243

160

900

208

2,009

80

437

183

1,614

20 131

340 1,767

-------1-1-6

9

153

642

10

38

60

590

10 28

77 302

-----------------

68 95

--------- ---------

981

82

--------4-1
112

---------6
19

--------41-01/ -__-__-___-__-___-_--_--_--

37

514

172

1371

38

156

19 47

1~~1--------6

-- _- Clay~ _____ ~ _____

268

591

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ C1attdn~

245

765

--------- --------- Clinch ~ _________
Cobb ___________ Coff~e___________

2,960 1,536

442 492

109
-..... 468 925 575

110 103
~-'---lio
77

691

41

49

2911

40

317

-----.-4--8-5
365

----------------6--6

1-------3-3-6
133

15 2

1

1~~1--------2

----------------1--9

-------3-3--6
53

------------------2

Colquitt_________ Cohnnbia.. ___ ~ ___

1,952 558

300 1,073

810 279

43 192

81.0 213

------~1-2-9

810 53

--------1-6

810 47

---------5

. Coweta__________

1,796

1,912

940

328

443

185

196

82

90

25

Crawford ________

769

702

292

87

178

57

36

23

39

10

*Ctisp' _____ ~ _____ Dade ___________ DawBon _____ ~ ___ Decatur___ ~ ___ ~_

783 869 830 2,282

370 92 10 1,987

350

75

297 238

---------2

984

441

175

20

140 87

---------3

602

447

125

10

15 46 235

----------------1--5

]00 13 21 126

---------
-----------------7

D'eKalb _________ Dodge ____ ~ ___ ~_ Dooly___________

2,453 1,594 1,066

567 812 1,177

1,308 644 441

175 168 248

908 388 303

98 128 120

304 132 173

28 80 128

187 98

--------8-5

80

33

Dou~herty ~_~ ___ Douglas_ ~ _______ Early _~ _~ _______ Echols~ _________ E f f i n g h a m _______ Elbert _~ ________
___ *Emanu~L ':' ___ Fannln __________ Fayette _________ Floyd___________

550

1,550

1,702

301

993

1,183

380

98

970

420

1,805

1,648

3,035

1,216

2,020 1,171

-------4-4-7

1,760

399

350

350

625

220

470

176

135

25

520

75

769

289

1,270

191

773 579

-------1-7-5

1,855

127

250

75

231

48

361

189

218

25

450

35

470

115

688

193

693 421

-------1-1-6

300

77

75

50

136

15

94

31

18

10

220 187

---------8

135

36

418 251

--------2-7

100

20

50 88

---------6

48 15

-13 ::.n
4 <:1l

200 102 111

----------------3--6

463 140

---------2

115

25

Forsyth_________ Franklin ________

1,941 1,000

155

861

210

1,500

27

325

325

1,000

,26 100

100 400

16 50

65 460

------.-_---------

*Fulton___ - ______ Gilmer__________ Glascock ________
*Glynn___________
Gordon _________ ,.
Grady __________ Greene __________

3,742 1,219
680 1,460 2,033 2,036
909

1,473 9
.205 980 153 619 1,963

1,540 533 320 360 806 803 445

445

422

446

135

10

135

10

8 95

250 280

--------4-0

125 180

8 15

88 ]8

-----------------

67

1,460

34

435

187

429

980 32 75

--------9-6
132

---------9
11

-------1-0-5 60

------------.-:----2

502

350

397

198

229

82

15fi

G w i n n e t t ________

4,563

369

2,260

104

3,865

70

4,138

276

1,820 1

10

*Local Tax Count~.



Arithmetic
...

COUNTY

No. of Pupils
-
White Colored


TABLE No.6-Continued

Branches of Study Taught


History

Phy~iology

I

Agriculture

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

Civil Government No. of Pupils

White Colored White Colored White Colored White Colored

Haberspam ______ HalL ___________ *Hancock ________ Haralson ________ IH1aarrrti_s_____________________ I1eard __________ I1enry __________ *IIr1wouinst_o_n_________________ Jackson_________
JJeaffeDra-v-is--__-_-_-_-_-_Jefferson ________ Jenkins _________ Johnson_________ *Jones ___________ LLeaeu_r_e_n_s__________________

1,617 3,636 -----2-,5-2-3-
724 2,370 1,369 1,303
821 874 3,561 770 763 1,562 861 1,737 800 2,582 952

114 575
---------
302 1,021
450 535 781 1,297 467 1,462 1,872 198 1,197 847 615 1,500 1,674 1,195

769 1,230
--_._-----
902 1,034 1,895
689 701 584 456 2,457 299 397 626 303 574 400 940 203

38 82
---------
70 493 275 143 420 410 120 175 238 72 297 219 136 180 234 904

712 630
-------3-21417
1,300 446 430 309 117 987 198 84 397 244 359 160 619 192

41 90 --------3-8 371 120 90 133 274 40 95 116 27 141 199 99 25 201 432

598 277
------ .. --
150 348 1,300 231 302 115 130 309
56 84 78 96 99 30 145 H3

24 36
---------
- - - - - - -2-12120 13
---------6 36 28 13 25 10 62 1 25 22 672

398 182 --------4-8 167 210 169 305 172 29 163 30 63 75 77 61 50 184 125

20 -----------------------3-1-5 --------1-2
--------1-5 --------1-8
5 11 1 1 1 ---------1 340

Liberty _________ Lincoln _________

t884." 1,244

663

719

470 342

104 162

378 199

34 108

94 46

--------5-7

74 78

--------5-7

Lowndes ________

1,414

1,331

528

230

372

176

148

35

69

14

Lumpkin ________ ~acon_________ ~

696

53

414

1,041

125 178

11

48

1191

79

18 86

53 ---------

25

20

39 ---------

14

7

Madison _________

2,154

665

865

98

409

174

2271

108

136

7

,. Marion_____ - - - -'McDuffie __ - - ____

941 870

506 902

475 543

220 302

378 468

200 185

362 503

80 128

200 372

73
112

,

)fclntosh________

302

849

125

144

70

146

52

30

15

6

)feriwether ______

2,044

1,492

1,139

332

768

212

912

76

304

38

)filler____ - - - _- - )filton __ - - - - - - -)fitchelL _____ - __

-----1-,-2-8-4 2,100

--------108
1,292

----_._-'-541
1,025

--------5-2

--------1,390

266,

507

--------9-9 224

---------
460 167

---------
4 146

-------1-3-8 174

---------
--------13

*)fonroe__________

1,538

2,163

848

966

384

186

191

46

177

25

*)fontgomery _____ *Morgan _____ - - --

--------1,384

--------2,225

---------
607

---------
554

---------
412

-------2-4-0

--------179

---------58

---------
142

---------
1

Murray _________
~luscogee--------
Newton ______ ---

1.181 900
1,521

20 1,200 1,224

507 700 493

10 700 327

306 700 243

5 600 212

90 700

-------8-0-0

125

30

75 800

--------700

120 ---------

Oconee __ ------Oglethorpe ______

1,042 1,364

956 1,044

435 1 563

100 339

315 213

144 223

79 217

124 232

82 163

49 106

Paulding- _______ Pickens _________

3,250 1,339

268

1,254

82

471

59 11

Pierce____ - - - __ --

1,050

280

680

170

PPiollek_____-_-_-_-_-_-_- -- ---Pulaski ______ - - -

1,518 429
1,628

1,587 515
1,099

802 1,709048/

366 115 189

880

35

502 840

-------2-1-0

812

265

462

67

469

223

312

10

100 160

--------4-5

151

80

496

27

289

280

204

5

75 280

---------
67

<:It I-'

118

27 ""

403

19

70

75

P u t n a m _________

520

1,560

182

150

92

63

64

33

14

3

*Quitman ________ Rabun __________

190 1,057

222 28

109 258

45

69

18

5

123 ---------

31

2

21 ---------

67 --------- --------- ---------

*Randolph _______

1,190

1,304

970

176

419

81

248

67

172

8

*Richmond _______

5,514

3,565

2,286

844

1,500

400

200

100

1,500

400

R o c k d a l e ________

708

558

345

123

192

61

54

38

40

24

Schley _______ - --

314

538

229

112

107

64

58

70

15 ---------

*Screven_________

1,586

1,741

789

290

547

226

260

65

138

16

Spalding ________

902

490

482

70

401

40

112 1

16

208 1

17

Stephens ________

1,200

250

400

100

400

50

100

25

100

25

Stewart_________

470

1,798

245

450

178

367

126

153

28

69

Sumter__________

939

2,132

392

467

352

427

170

349

160

133

Talbot- _________

695

1,298

360

361

218

265

16

16

6

24

Taliaferro _______

503

1,309

397

130

120

60

75 ---------

50 ---------

*Local Tax County.

Arithmetic

TABLE No.6-Continued Branches of Study Taught

History

Physiology

Agriculture

Civil Government

COUNTY

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

White

Colored

I White Colored

White

Colored

White

Colored

White

Colored

TattnalL ________
TTaenla~irr _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-
*TerrelL _________ *TThnot _m_a_s___________________
Toombs _________ Towns __________ Troup______ c ____ T u r n e r __________ Twiggs__________ Union __________ ~son __________
alker__________ Walton. ________ Ware____'_~ _____ Warren _________

2,615 1,420 1,000
724 -----1-,-2-3-4
947 958 1,460 1,594 512 1,074 1,219 3,200 1,667 945 548

421 1,350
400 861 -------2-06112 -----1-,-7-6-4 588 1,200
5 1,339
320 585
46 1,385

1,321 735 700 623
-------44-7864 672 483 572 222 603 727
1,600 968 387 248

49 386 40 770 --------6-4 ---------------29-148 280 -------2-3-4 150 365 154 404

791 825 250 63
-------3-0-8 324 88 365 572 143 425 400
1,000 467 334 223

28 402 40 ---------
--------8-2
---------------24-0-
48 133 -------3-2-0 56 220 25 440

854 917 250 63
--------8-4 248 88 182 431 38 327 218 550 206 80 126

----------------4-0 -----------------9 ----------------6-2
48 74 --------2-6 25 20 18 204

741
-------2-0063
--------6-9 235 88 163 431 19 125 208 500 226 126 52

---------
---------5 ---------
---------7
---------------4-4-
48 ----------------3-7
15 2 1 19

WWaayshnien_g_t_o_n___________ Webster ________ White___________ Whitfield ________ Wilcox~_________ Wilkes _____ : ~ ___ Wilkinson _______ Worth__________

2,185 1,724
377 821 1,626 1,150 1,375 542 1,813

2,465 351 589 126 180 300
1,090 167 848

1,173 648 162 438 630 475 713 542 817

334 49 118 74 55 50 512 167 167

993 397
66 156 312 400 408 542 414

617 19 130 19 29 35 302 167 165

494

239

105 19

--------2-9

107

7

94 60

--------1-2

576

494

78

25 1

86 --------- I

381

65

71 22

--------2-7

69

5

55 -----._--

20 --_._-----

209

40

79

25

126 ---------

*Local Tax County.

tFigures of 1907.

TABLE No.7 Institutes.

COUNTY

Apprlng
Baker

Baldwin Banks

Bartow Ben Hill

Berrien Bibb

Brooks

Bryan

Bulloch Burke

Butts

calhoun Camden

CampbelL CarrolL Catoosa

Charlton

Chatham

Chattahoochec

Chattooga

Cherokee

~

Clarke Clay

Clayton Clinch Cobb

Coffee

Colquitt

Columbia

TABLE No.7-Institutes.

PLACE

DATE

INSTRUCTOR

_ Baxley _ Newton _

_ Horner

_ cartersville _ Fitzgerald

_ AdeL _ None _ None

_ Pelllbroke

_ Statesboro _ Waynesboro

_ Jackson

_ None

_ St. Marys

_ Fairburn

_ Carrollton _ Ringgold _ Folkston _ Savannah

_ Cusseta

_ _

SCuamntmonerville

_ Athens _ Fort Gaines _ Jonesboro

_ _

HOlllerville Marietta

_ Douglas

_ Moultrie

_ Grovetown

" July 27-3L July 13-18

W. A. Little. J. O. Mangham.

_ June 29, July 3

O. J. Peterson.

_ June 8-12,1908

C. S. C. and Teachers.

_ 2nd Sat. each Month

C. S. C. Supt. S. J. Smith and others.

_ _ _

June 15-18 None _____________________ None _____________________

C. S. C. None. None.

and

Teachers.

_ Oct. 25-30

R. L. Landis.

_ _

Monthly_------------------IC.

1st Wk., January

C.

S. S.

C. C.

and Teachers. and Teachers.

_ _

Monthly

C. S. C. and Teachers.

_ Monthly _ June

_ _

C. S. C. N. H. Ballard.

_ June 22-26,1908

_ C. S. C. and Teachers.

_ 20 days May 25 to June 19 _ W. E. Bryan.

_ June 17-21-

_ Monthly

_ June 22-26

'

__

Monthly June 1, 1908

_ July

_ Monthly

_ July 6-10

_ July 29, August 3 _ June 15-20

_ August 24-28

_ Monthly

_ July 14-18

_ _

C. W. Waughtel. Superintendent.

_ _

W. P. Johnson. C. S. C. and Teachers.

_ _ _ _

D. L. Ernest. University Summer'Sshool. Van Fletcher. M. L. Brittain.

~--
_ _ _
_

W. A. Little. W. T. Dumas. W. A. Little. C.S. C. D. L. Ernest.

Coweta Crawford Crisp__ ~ Dade Dawsou
Decatur

INewnan Knoxville Cordele Trenton Dawsonville
" Bainbridge

Monthly January4-11 Mo'nthly May 19-23 July 6-10
December-7-1L __ ""

/C. S. C. aud Teachers.

C.S. C. and Teachers.

F. E. Land.

'

Shadrach J. Hale.

W. H. Maxwell.

Geo. D. Godard.

D.eKalb

Decatur

Monthly

"

C. S. C. and Teachers.

Dodge -----------------IEastman---------------- June 8-12

W. A. Mulley.

Dooly

Vienna

Monthly

C. G. Power.

Dougherty

- _- _ None

INone _____________________ None.

Douglas

IDouglasville

August 24-28

W. E. Dendy.

Early Echols

Blakely None

June 12-19 None -

R. E. Brooks.
INone.

Effingham

Guyton

-

W. R. Lanier.

Elbert

Elberton

June 29 to July 3

Wilbur Colvin.

EmanueL _______________ None ___________________ None _____________________ None.

Fannin

Blue Ridge

July 13-18

W. J. Bradley.

FFaloYyedtt_e_-_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ FRaoymeteteville_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - JMuonneth29ly- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I-S-u-p-t.- -a-n-d- T- -e-a-c-h-e-rs-.- - _____________________ ~

Forsyth Franklin Fulton

cumming

Carnesville

Atlanta

-

IJune 21-26 July9 Monthly

!J. W. Marion.

IcM. isss..

Kate C.

Dozier.

Gilmer

Ellijay

Glascock ________________ None

Glynn

Brunswick

'Gordon

Calhoun

Grady



Cairo

IJune 28, 1908--------------IJ. M. Robinson. INone _____________________ None.

IMonthly July, 1908

Supt. and Teachers. jM. L. Brittain.

Monthly

C. S. C. and Teachers.

Greene Gwinnett

Greensboro Lawrenceville

Monthly 2nd SaL June 15-19

C. S. C. and Teachers. J. T. Walker

Habersham __ c" __ "~ HalL lIancock

Clarkesville Gainesville Sparta

June 12 June 8-12_~ Monthly

C. W. Grant C. S. C. D. L. Ernest. C. S. C. and Teachers.

Haralson

IBuchanan

June 24,1908

D. L. Ernest.

Harris

IHamilton

June 15-19

.__ /Albert Bell.

Hart_ ___________________ HartwelL _______________ July 6-10_ _________________ J. P. Cash.

Heard

IFranklin

--

IJune 22

ILinton E. Bevis.

TABLE No. 7-Institutes-Continued.

COUNTY

PLACE

DATE

INSTRUCTOR

Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper
Jeff Davis Jeffemon Jenkins
Johnson

_ ]dcDonough

Monthly

C. S. C. and Teachers.

_ _

Perry Ocilla

January, 1909 Monthly

H. J. Lawrence. C. S. C. and Teachers.

_ _

Jefferson Monticello

June 29-August 3d June 29-July 3

A. P. Watkins and J. T. Walker. H. J. Lawrence.

_ Baxley

August 3-8

W. A. Little.

_ None ___________________ None _____________________ None.

_ _

MNoilnleen

ldonthly ________________ C. S. C. and Teachers.

_

Jones Laurens

_ Gray _ Dublin

]donthly June 8-12

C. S. C. and Teachers. W. R. Lanier.

Liberty

_ lSrone

~

Lincoln

_ Lincolnton

June 15-18

T. E. Hollingsworth.

I~

Lowndes

_ Valdosta

]donthly ________________ R. B. Daniel.

Lurilpkin

_ Dahlonega

July 6-10

D. S. Starr.

ldacon

_ Oglethorpe

June 15-19

_

ldadison ldarion

_ Danielsville

July 13

D. L. Ernest.

_ None __ ________________ None _____________________ None.

ldcDuffie ]dcIntosh

_ Thomson _ None

ldonthly

N. E. Ware.

__________ None _____________________ None.

lderiwether-]diller ]dilton
lditchell ]donroe
ldontgomery ldorgan ]durray ]duscogee__ c Newton Oconee

_ Greenville

November 18-2L

C. S. C. and Teachers.

_ Alpharetta

June 22,1908

G. G. Bond and E. C. Brane;or..

_ Pelham

June 15-20

T. W. WalkeJ

_ Forsyth

June 22-July 3

E. B. Taylm

_ Mt. Vernon

""_ Monthly

C. S.C.

_ ]dadison

ldonthly 1st Sat

C. S. C.

_ Chattsworth

July6-10

J. N. Robinson.

_ ColumbuB-

June 12-17

W. P. Johnson.

_ Covington

Monthly

C. S..C

_ None __ ~ ________________ None _____________________ None

Oglethorpe

_ Lexington

July 20-24

W. J. Noyes.

Paulding

Dallas

June 29th

H. H. Ezzard.

Pickens Pierce

Jasper Jesup

June 15-19 June

E. J. Robeson. W. A. Little.

Pike

Zebulon

June 29

J. D. Smith.

Polk_ ___________________ None ___________________ None

~ __________ None.

PulaskL Putnam

Hawkinsville Eatonton

October 26, 1908 Monthly

J. G. Oliver and C. S. C. C. S. C.

Quitman

None

N one

None.

Rabun

Clayton

June 8,1908

J. N. Robinson.

Randolph

CuthberL

MontWy 2nd SaL

E. H. Hamby and C. S. C.

Richmond

Augusta

MontWy

Supt.

Rockdale_ _______________ None __ _________________ None _____________________ None.

Schley

Ellaville

Monthly

C. S. C.

Screven

Sylvania

c

June 8-12

W.J. Lanier.

Spalding ________________ Stephens

Griffin _ Toccoa

_

________________

IMJuanrec,h1a9n0d8

June

____________

Profs. Matthews and J. N. Marion.

Garrett.

Stewart

Lumpkin

MontWy

C. S. C. and Teachers.

Sumter Talbot

Americus None

Monthly N one

W. J. Dowd, A. J, Clark. :None.

Taliaferro

Crawfordville

June 15-20

H. B. Wallace.

TattnalL Taylor

Reidsville None

May 11-16 . None

J. W. Smith. None.

TelfaiL

McRae

Aupust 13, 1908

Rev. Chas. Lane.

Thrrell------------------ Dawson

MontWy

C. S. C.

jT:oiof~m~~b~s= ============== ==TLiyito~n;s':::= ===============JMu~~ntehJI.sYt:== ================CE:.SL..-<R5.-aay~.d-T~a~h;;s: -----

.

Towns

Hiawassee

Monthly

C. S. C. and Teachers.

Troup

None

None

None.

Turner

Ashburn

Monthly

J. W. Yarborough.

Twiggs

Jeffersonville

July 7-10

H. J. Gaertner.

Union

Blairsville

June 17-2L

W. L. Ash.

Upson __________________ Thomaston ______________ gune 22-25 ________________ C. S. C. and Teachers,

Walker__ ~

La Fayette

June 29 to July 3

D. L. Ernest.

Walton_~

~

Ware

Monroe Waycross

. MontWy 3d Sats July 22-26

C. S. C. and Teachers. D. L. Ernest.

Wa~l'en

None_ _

None

None.

TABLE No. 7-Institute_Continued.

COUNTY

PLACE

VVashington

_ Sandersville

VVvvVV:hbit:et~~~===============_=JCNelosenuvepeland

~

VVhitfield

_ Dalton

VVilcox

_ Rochelle

VVilkes

_ VVashington

VVilkinson

_ None

VVorth

"

_ Sylvester

DATE

INSTRUCTOR

_ Monthly 1st Sat _ June 8-12 _ None

_ _ _

C. S. C. and Teachers. VV. A. Little. None.

_ June 22-26

_ J. N. Robinson.

_ July 13-18

_ Monthly

_ June 15-20

_ None

~

_ _

A. H.

A. J.

Taylor. Lawrence.

_ _

C. S. C. None.

and

Teachers.

_ __________________________ C. S. C. and Teachers.

I

TABLE No, 8 Grades of. Pupils.

TABLE No.8-Grades of Pupils.

Primary Grades

Intermediate Grades
\

Sixth Grade

I Seventh Grade

COUNTY

No. of Pupils 1 to 3 No. of Pupils 4 and 5th

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

White Colored Total White Colored Total White Colored Total White Colored Total

BAapkelirn_g__- _--__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_Baldwin_____________ Banks_______________ Bartow______________ *Ben HiIL ____________ Berrien______________ *Bibb________________ Brooks______________ Bryan_______________ Bulloch _____________ Burke_______________ Butts _______________ Calhoun_____________ Camden _____________
CampbelL ___________ Carroll ______________ Catoosa _____________ Charlton ____________
*Chatham ____________

957 300 468 1,106 1,669 502 2,246 ------1,058 t875 ------380 770 350 196 196 3,261 700 320 2,500

323 995 1,579 483 880 303 595 ------1,419 900 ------1,821 1,176 795 705 705 875
46 84 2,050

1,280 1,295 2,047 1,583 2,549
805 2,841 ------2,477 1,775 ------2,201 1,946 1,145
901 901 4,136 746 404 4,.550

419 134 261 528 682 189 1,071 1,570 300 100
-- -- ---
375 451 165 147 147 1,272 296 295 1,700

110 529 410 544 433 694 159 6S7 158 8.40 128: 3'17 16(l 1,237 1,480 3,050 600 900 95 1.95
-----_. -- -- -'..,,-
1,846 2,~:?1 300 751 200 365 246 393 246 393 246 1,518 32 328 28 323
1,200 2,900

92 101 101 261 249 66 301 610 225 151
------127 209 85 64 64 441 124 212
1,120

18 45 65 40 14 33 8 135 40 3
-------
432 67 5
-------
-------
16 8
-------
531

110 146 166 301 263 99 309 745 265 154
-------
559 276 90
64 64 457 132 212 1,651

38 35 65 147 125 42 130 425 150 55
-------
92 167
40 14 14 265 60 25 415

4 -------
30 12 _____ 156 5
21 -------------
69 31
-------
-------
-------------
5 -------------

42 35 95 159 131 57 135 425 171 55 ------161 198 40 14 14 265 65 25 415

Chattahoochee _______ Chattooga ___________ Cherokee ____________ Clarke ______________ Clay ________________

181 903 1,917 372 166

745 400 159 1,004 686

926 1,303 2,076 1,376
852

113 478 1,751 193 83

176 289 126 604 91 1,842 328 521 220 303

49 -------

356

79

431 -------

92

47

19

10

49 435 431 139 29

37 ------82 ------135 -------
47 -------
24 ----,---

37 82 135 47 24

Clayton _____________ Clinch_______________

658 750

769 1,427 305 1,055

349 450

225 175

574 625

77 444

4 190

81 634

83

5

60 -------

88 60

I CCoofbfebe____________-_- _-_-_-

-
~

-_-_____

Colquitt_____________

OOlumbia____________

C o w e t a ______________

Crawford __________ '__

*Crl~_c ______________ Da e _______________

Dawson _____________

Decatur _____________

DeKalb _____________

Dodge ____ ~ _________

Dooly_______________

Dougherty___________

Douglas _____ - _______

Early _______________

Eehols ____ -- - _______

Effingham ___________

Elbert ______________

*Emanuel ____________

Fannin ______________

FFlSlyedtt_e_-__- _- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_Forsyth _____________ FranklinA ___________ *Fulton ______________ Gilmer ______________
Glascock _.___________ *Glynn_______________
Gordon______________ Grady_______________ Greene ______________
Gwinnett____________ Habersham __________ Hall ________________

1,600 1,280 1,625
346 1,100
486 555 456' 677 1,359 1,145 . 1,260 ' 672 295 1,201 660 330 495 1,216 2,224 2,236 487 1,000 1,677 1,137 2,800 1,390
652 1,651 1,469
491 1,864 1,018 2,923

*Local Tax County, tFigures of 1907.

832 562 304 1,313 2,182 860 675
55 22 2,030 402 1,062 : 1,814 1,300 ' 428 ' 1,129 92 I 443 1,817 1,483
495 500 205 . 500 1,375
773 117 877 1,922 522
76 555

2,432 1,842 1,929 1,659 3,282 1,346 1,230
511 699 3,389 1,547 2,322 2,486 1,595 1,629 1,789 . 422 938 3,033
3,707 2,236
982 1,500 1,882 1,637 4,175 1,390
1,435 1,768 2,446 2,413 2,386 1,094 3,478

1,295 528 810 158 625 207 273 267 290 721 817 555 390 190 500 439 126 330 595 9491 800 447 900 648 650 540 392
481 684 705 380 2,596 614 1,089

221 82 131 253 531 237 81 10
5 474 147 176 301 250 216 342 20 305 345
2961
310 200 52 125 110

1,516 610 941 411
1,156 444 354 277 295
1,195 964 731 691 440 716 781 146 635 940
1,245 800 757
1,100 700 775 650 392

407

56

73

190

58 - 48

198 . 67

83

24

103

83

7

61

2

170

22

304

28

118

17

126

42

50

50

112

41

153

45

49

4

320 120

187

8

379

8

145

215

500 100

361

315

210

35

114

453 73 190 106 265 107 103 90 63 192 332 135 168 100 153 198 . 53 440 195 387. 145, 215 600 361 315 245 114

325

46 .

3

81

67

13

129

5

38

9

41

85

38

131 -- -- -- -

187

54

81

8

42

26

41

2

74

7

29

4

90

11

102

245

84

193

220

89

191

173

135

10

59

176 657

98

21 119

89

10

71 755 264

8

272

173

3

155

860

203

18

221

105

664 1,044 179

84

263

118

13

178 2,774 1,154

62 1,216 800

21

41

655

263

33 296 238

20

183 1,272 427

41

468

214

325

49

81

80

134

47

41

85

38

131

187

54

89

6.8

53

81

31

101 Ql

102 245

~ ""

84

193

309

191

173

145

59

99 176 105 131 821 258 214

TABLE No. 8---:Grades of Pupils-Continued.



.(;0-

Primary Grades

Intermediate Grades

Sixth Grade

Seventh Grade

COUNTY

No. of Pupils 1 to 3

No. of Pupils 4 and 5th

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

*Hancock ____________ Haralson _____ ~ ______ Harris ______________ Hart________________ H e a r d _______________ Henry ______________ Houston_____________
*Irwin _______________ Jackson __________ ~ __ Jasper ______________
Jeff Davis ___________ Jefferson ____________ Jenkins _____________ Johnson_____________ *Jones _____ ~ _________ Laurens _____________ Lee_________________
Liberty _____________ Lincoln _____________ Lowndes ____________ 'Lumpkin ____________ Macon ______________
Madison_____________ Marion______________ McDuffie ____________
Mclntosh________ . __ .

White Colored Total

539 2,003 2,542

1,.982

423 2,405

964 1,683 2,647

647

616 1,263

767

433 1,200

1,640 1,323 2,963

493 2,308 2,801

415

438

853

1,501

904 2,405

500 2,000 2,500

225

114

339

1,011 1,534 2,545

554 1,131 1,685

1,114

718 1,832

440 1,560 2,000

1,902 1,941 3,843

No report 1907 or 1908.

205 975 1,180

368

610

978

822 1,415 2,237

687

51

738

202 1,153 1,355

1,256

625 1,881

475

652 1,127

410

683 1,093

164

520 1 684

White Colored

361

607

1,081

120

528

615

1,063

659

657

379

502

512

301

498

390

232

1,370

760

200

100

218

84

432

381

256

261

428

142

250

240

953

374

652

519

332

245

408

238

208

20

112

199

561

152

I 222640

205 238

58

136

I Total White Colored

968 1,201
1,143 1,722 1,036
1,014
799 692 2,130
300 302. 813 517
570 490 1,327

330 110

360

42

142

27

778 -------

438

162

320

90

138

43

75 -------

1,045

140

100

90

164 -- ---

257

72

25

20

159

8

120

164

252

49

1,171
577 646 228
311
713 465 462
194

137 -------

80

90

177

30

52 -- -- ---

27

4

282

25

125

100

132

42

15

20

Total
440 402 169 843 600 410 181 75 1,185 190 164 329 45 167 284 301
137 170 207
52 31 317 225 174 35

White

Colored

Total
---

82

10

92

180

18

198

128 -------

128

492 -------

492

319

108

427

230

72

302

75

5

80

20 -"------

20

804

29

833

64

7

71

156 -------

156

208

20

228

80

2

82

107

4

111

80

25

105

93

5

98

92 -------

92

71

34

105

114

16

130

12 -------

12

27 -------

27

188

10

198

96

20

116

246

21

267

11

10

21

Meriwether __ : ___ ~'~ ~~ - Miller _______________

1,270 I 1,906

3,176

,Milton ____ -- ________ MitchelL ____________ *ldonroe______________ *)f:ontgomery _________ *Morgan______________
MUrray____ -- -- -- ---Mu8cogee. ___________ ,NOecownteoen____- _- _-_- _-_-_____-_-____
',Oglet4orpe - - - - -- ___ p~uJding __ -- ________ ,pickens_. ___________
,PPiieki.e"c_e_______-_- ---- -_-__--__-_-_-_Polk ________________ PuIaskL ____________ Putnam ____ : ________
=!*iliaibtlulnla_n_-_-__- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_Ii1coPhdmolopnhd________- -__-_- _-_-_-_Rockdale. ___________ , Schley______________

1,607 763
1,781 723 875 500 500 501 475
2,065 1,167
684 760 1,202 1,157 260
90 572 573 2,892 459

1,585 2,509
857
2,24'5
6Q
1,100 1,100
892
2,000 r'25508 203 1,190 418 1,284 1,243 455 213
2,1~4
2,845 447

3,11)2 3,272 2,638 2,868 '935
1,600 1,600 1,393 2,475 2,323 1,217
887 1,950 1,620 2,441 1,503
545 595 2,767 '5,737 906

*Screven ____________ ~ Spalding ____________ Stephens __________ ~-
Stewart __ __________ Sumter______________ Talbot ______________
Taliaferro ___________ TattnalL ____________ Taylor ________ ~ _____ Telfair ______________ *Terrell. _____________

1,008 1,930 2,\138

364 842 1,206

316

60 376

226 1,917 2,143

325 2,118 2,443

No report for 1907 or 1908.

216 J,lO? 1,319

1,589 '544 2,133

472 676 1,148

900 350 .1,250

380 1,660 '1,9~0

*Local Tax County.

662
706 481 865
367
469 300 300 469 550 652 426 723 489 751 588 150
72 352 360 1,424 255
527 293 330 124 316
143 658 426 300 320

518 1,180 303

66 369

334

------~
1,040 222

687 1,168 166

ISO 1,04~5

162

527 894

86

25 494 218

347 647 375

347 647 375

441 910 182

300 850 450

,66 :718 317

10 436 165

182 905 286

287 776 151

231 982 349

274

8,62

269

306 456

50

66 138

23

19

371

275

417

777

162

526 1,950 500

107 362

57

46 268

141 ,207

7 169

42 128

3

221

200 575

2aO 575

22 204

100 550

4 321

165

43 329

83 234

81 430

28 ,297

17

67

2

25

275

28 190

250 . 750

18

75

388 915 209

18 227

440

733

275

102

377

62 392 358

63 421

376 500

73

61 134

615

931

208

154

362

215, 355

98

75 173

95

753

191' -------

191

338

764

298

157

455

200 500 740 1,060

323001

50 30

450 260

276

-- -- ---'

107

17

151

47

75 -----..:.;-

106

1,3:

100 -------

10
10 ---_ ...__.

122

5'

375

50

216

4

112

119

118

'27

143

4

110

1:

40

6

15

234

155

39

450 135

58

8

133

15

258

73

261

64

50

31

101

119

29 177 224 181 50 63

276
11'l 198 75 119 100 100 100 127 425 220 112 119 145 147 111 ,~
461<)
15 '" 234 194 585
66
148 331 325
81 220
29 177 405 50 63

,TABLE No. 8-Grades of Pupils-Continued.

Primary Grades

Intermediate Grades

Sixth Grade

Seventh Grade

COUNTY

No. of Pupils 1 to 3 No. of Pupils 4. and 5th

No. of Pupils

No. of Pupils

\ White \ Colored Total White Colored Total White Colored Total White Colored Total

I *T'li'fnto_m~ a_s____-_- _-_- -__- _-_- _-_- ____

.865520

1,257896

2,438 929

472 586

263 127

735 713

191 216

7 198 101

38 254

27

6 107

1

28

TooUlbs_____________
-- -- Towns ______________ 1
Troup_______________

772 296 548 _______ 658 1,724

1,068 548
2,382

428

93

472 -------

320 538

521 472 858

185

23

112 -------

112

64

208 112 176

155 88 110

----------6

155 88 116

--- -- TTuwringegrs_____________:..______________
Union_______________ ~son ______________
alker______________ Walton___ ~ __________ Ware _______________ WaI"l"en _____________
Washington__________

794
357 465 749 1,200
------725 312
1,264

540 1,166
8 1,214
350 -------
152 800 2,395

1,334 1,523
473 1,963 1,550 -------
877 1,112 3,659

572 185 1,013 357 1,650
-------
396 202 715

48 271 10 370 200
---- ---
23 200 632

610 456 1,023 777 1,850 ------419 402 1,347

131 66 381 210 780 ------58 102 297

------16
-------
42 100
-------
-------
-...,.----75

131 82 381 252 880
-------
58 102 372

97 38 614 106 470
-----_.-
27 84 158

---1 -------
17 40
------------------
59

97 39 614 123 510
-------
27 84 217

WWaer;sntee-r-_-_-__--__-_- _-_-_-_-_-_White _______________ Whitfield____________ Wilcox~ _____________

1,286 209 506
1,505 800

429 1,715 593 802
45 551 177 1,682 300 1,100

607 107 361 585 400

73 151 29 61 100

680 258 390 646 500

160 -------

59

29

71

10

208

27

125

50

160 88 81 235 175

83 -------

46

11

82 -------

120

1

25 -------

83 57 82 121 25

WWiillkkeins.s,o_n--__-_- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_Worth ______________

450 562 1,190

800 575 1,888

1,250 1,137 3,078

504 425 431

312 142 258

816 567 689

176 78 229

112 25 30

288 103 259

160

80

39 -------

124

6

240 39 130

*Local Tax County.

Consolidation of Reports of Local Tax Counties.

532

CONSOLIDATION OF THE ANNUAL REPORTS FOR THE NINETEEN LOCAL TAX COUNTIES.

I NumberSoCfHSOcOhoLoSls ______

White 513

Colored 446

Total 959

TEACHERS

Number of Teachers-

Male ____________ "___

19O

112

305

Female ____________

927

497

1,424

I Total ---- -- ------
Number of Normal

1,117

609

1,729

Trained Teachers ____

644

205

849

Grades of Teachers-

First Grade Second Grade Third Grade

White _______________ Colored ______________

787 207

121 95

86 285

TotaL_ __ __ __ __ __ __

994

216

371

I Average Paid

Salaries Teachers

__

=-=-=-=-

White
$52~60

Icolored/ White $23.20 $38.07

Icoloredl White $18..39 $25.27

Icolored $16.63

PUPILS-EnroHment-

Male

_

Female

.__

TotaL _____________

20,541 21,423
41,964

17,534 20,789
38,323

38,075 42,212
80,287

AtMteanleda_n__c_e_-___________ Female ______________

TotaL_ -- -- -- -- -- __ I
I N uGmr abdeer si n( 1P-r3i)m_a_r_y______

I Number in Intermediate Grades (4-5) _________

Grad~ Number in Sixth

__ 1

15,612 15,464 31,076
29,487
10,697 4,765

8,710 11,217 19,927
25,534
7,810 1,593

24,322 26,681 51,003
54,921
18,507
~---
6,358

Number in Seventh Gradel

2,749

319

3,068

Number of schools giving high school courses, 64. Number high school pupils, 1,370. Number long term schools, 854. Average monthly cost of tuition per pupil: White, $2.05. Colored, $0.66. Average monthly cost paid by the State: White, $1.60. Colored, $0.61. Number of visits by County School Commissioners during the year, 2,176.

533

Number of days schools were kept in operation, 159. Average salary paid County School Commissioners, $1,473.80.

SCHOOL PROPERTY.

Number of school houses in country belonging to County Board of

Education: White, 328; value, $480,575. Colored, 86; value, $71,150.

Total number, 414. Total value, $551,725.

Number of school houses in country not belonging to County Board

of Education: White, 144; value, $330,400. Colored, 229; value, $41,700.

Total number, 373. Total value, $372,100.

Number of school houses in cities and towns belonging to County

Board of Education: White, 52; value, $605,500. Colored, 25; value,

$68,565. Total number, 77. Total value, $674,065.

Total number of school houses in cities and towns, not belonging to

County Board of Education: White, 13; value, $60,250. Colored, 7;

value, $7,400. Total number, 20. Total value, $67,650.

Number of school libraries, 182. Volumes, 32,375. Value, $21,208.

Estimated value of all other school property, furniture; apparatus,

etc., $119,110.

Total value of school property, $1,805,858.

Number of school houses built during 1908, 40; value, $272,550. Num-

ber repaired, 73; value, $18,312. Total value of building and repairs,

$290,872.

FINANCIAL.

Receipts.

Balances OD. hand from-- 1907 ........................ $ 62,392.91

Amount State Treasurer's checks

366,850.51

Amount from hire of convicts

64,158.62

Amount from local taxation

380,786.47

Amount from all other sources

72,081.15

Total Disbursements.
Salaries County School Commissioners Salaries and expenses Boards of Education Incidentals, census, etc. . School supplies and buildings Amount paid white teachers Amount paid colored teachers Amount paid local tax systems

$946,269.66
$ 28,002.00 . 6,942.00 . 72,719.80 . 169,518.40 . 444,545.58 . 106,953.30 . 46,537.29

Total. Balance on hand

$875,218.37 $ 71,051.29

Consolidation of Reports of The Non~Local Tax Counties.

535

CONSOLIDATION OF ANNUAL REPORTS FOR ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIX NON-LOCAL TAX COUNTIES. (MILLER COUNTY NOT REPORTING.)

I NumberSoCfHSOchOoLoSls _____

White 3,932

Colored 2,292

Total 6,224

TEACHERS Number of Teachers-
Male _______ . ________

Female ... -- -- -- -- -- --

Total _____________

Number of Normal

I

Trained Teachers ______

1,837 3,535 5,372
~,618

558 2,102 2,660
326

2,395 5,637 8,032
1,944

GrWadheisteof__T_e_a__c_h_e_r_s_-____

First Grade 2,863

Second Grade Third Grade

1,531

1,051

Colored ______________

129

476

2,037

Total __ __ __ __ __ __

2,992

2,007

3,088

A~~~~~~S~l~~ies ---I Whit~IC~I~redlwhi~~-lc~ioredlWhU~-lc~lored
_._._~a~d Teac~~s~~~~.::~_$45~~_~26.~~~:39$21.5~__!~8~~!~~7.:~

PUPIL8-EnrollmentMale __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Female

116,301 111,822

67,011 81,348

183,312 193,170

Total _____________ 228,123

148,359

376,482

AtMteanldea_n_c_e_-_-___________ Female -- -- -- -- -- ---

71,560 71,807

Total _______ ~ _____ 143,367
I _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _..
Pupils in Primary Grades (1-3) _________ 104,304

I PuGpirlasdiens

Inte~~ediate
(4-5) _______

-__

60,399

I Pupils in Sixth Grade ___

25,718

40,373 48,211 88,584
96,279
28,700 4,895

111,933 120,018 231,951
----_._---
200,583
89,099
30,613

Pupils in Seventh Grade __ 1 15,894

1,620

17,514

Number of schools giving high school courses, 499. Number of high school pupils, 11,954. Number of long term schools, 909. Average monthly cost of tuition per pupil: White, $1.16. Colored $0.66. A"erage cost paid by the State: White, $1.24. Colored, $0.60.

536

Number of visits made by County School Commissioners during year, 7,967.
Average salary of County School Commissioners, $676.70. Average number of daYIl schools were kept in operation, 124.

SCHOOL PROPERTY.

'Number of school' houses in country belonging to County Board of

Education White, 1,564; value, $570,740. Colored, 229; value, $39.550.

Total number, 1,793. Total value, $610,290.

Number of school houses in country not belonging to County Board of

Education: White,.2,076; value, $682,312. Colored, 1,471; value, $15[1"

980. Total number, 3,547. Total value, $842,290.

N)lniber of school ,houses in cities and, towns belonging to County

Board of Education: White, 66; value, $73,600. Golored, 21; value,

$6,425. Total number, 87. Total value, $80,025.

Number of school houses in cities and towns not belonging to County

Board of Education: White, 276; value, $812,493. Colored, 106; value,

$55,200. Total number, 382. Total value, $867,693.

Number of school libraries, 733. Volumes, ,60,345. Value, $34,895.

Estimated value of all other property, furniture, apparatus, etc.,

$224,226.

Total value of 'school property, $2,435,193.

Number of school houses built during 1908, 242; value, $169,548.

Number repaired, 389; value, $45,61[1. Total value buildings and repairs,

$215,167.

FINANCtAL.

Receipts.

Balances on hand from 1907

$ 104,746.82

Amount of State Treasurer's Checks.............. 1,402,893.68

Amount from convict hire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,247.68

Amount from local taxation

37,063.67

Amount from all other sources..................... 41,983.68

Total.

$1,721,935.53

Disbursements.

Salaries County School Commissioners

$ 85,263.00

Salaries Members Boards of Education

"

. 12,224.00

'Incidentals, census, etc. . ......................... 53,653.97

School supplies, buildings, etc. .

. 72,930.49

Amount paid white teachers

. 1,061,173.07

Amount paid colored teachers

. 242,745.12

Amount paid local tax systems

. 95,844.40.

Tot:'.! Balance on hand ............ " .. " .. "".,

$1,623,834.05 $98,101.48

TABLE No. 1 Number of Schools. Number of Teachers. Number of
Normal Trained Teachers. Length of School Term and Monthl,y Salary Paid Teachers.

TABLE No.1.
Number of Schools; Number of Teachers; Number of Normal Trained Teachers; Length of School Term; Average Monthly Cost per Pupil.

CITYDi

TOWN STRICT

OR

NUMBER OF SCHOOLS

NUMBER OF TEACHER

White

Colored

TOTAL

No. of Normal Trained
Teachers

Average Monthly Sal-
ary Paid
Teachers

Length Of School Term in Months.
---

Adrian ______ -- ________ I 1 2 1 3 4 1 -- -- I 2 3 5

Americus____ -- ________ Ashburn_______________ Athens________________

2 1
8

13 12
2 10

2 18 20 1 9 10
2 35 37

1 12 13 112 1 11 12

3 30 33 2 10 12 3 46 49

4

--

55

40 9

3 7

----

----
----

60 48 62 50

28 46 42 50

9 9

16

7 4383 31 44 9

Atlanta _____ -- ________ 27 6 33 18 282 300 3 57 60 21 339 360 300

60 69 78 4301 10

Bainbridge ___ - ________ 2 1 3 2 10 12 1 2 3 3 12 15

7

3 45 80 3200 9

Barnesville _- - - ________ I 1 2 1 8 9 1 2 3 2 10 12

7

9 45 00 2500 9

Blackshear ____________ Blllkely ___ -- -- ________ Bluffton_______________
CBaonstoonn_________-_-__--__-_- ____________ Clarkston______________ Cochran_______________
Columbus_ - - - - - _______

1 2 1 I
1 1 1
8

1 1

2 3

4 1

2 10

6 11

-- --
1

-- --
3

-- --
4

-- -2

-- --
13

-- --
15

-- -- --
10

---

-------

6300 -- ---60 00 27 00

9 7

1 1

2 2

1 2

2 4

3 -- -61

I 1

1 2

1 3

3 5

4 8

,

3 -- ----

6

2

60 00 5382

25 80 3000

7 7Y2

2 1 1 3

31 2 -- -21 11 15

4
2 3 54

5 -- --
2 -- --
4 -- --
69 5

2
I
I 22

21
1 -- -11 27 20

6 3 4
76

7 -- -- -- -- ---- 26 00 -- ----

3

1 -- ---- 50 00 20 00

5

1

1 60 00 30 00

96

47

19 7628 3470

4
6 9 9

Commerce ___ -- ________ I 1 2 4 9 13 1 -- - ... 1 4 9 13

6

1 5500 35 00 9

~I 11 Cona;ers - -- -- -- -- -- ----
Cor ele____ -- -- -- -- -- -Covington ___ -- ________ Dawson ___ -- -- - _______ Decatur _______________
Dexter ____ -- -- -- __ ---Doerun____ -- -- ________ Douglas _____ -- ________ Dublin ____ -- -- ____ ----

I
I
-- -I 1 I
I
-- --
2

1
1
-- --
1
1
-- --
1
-- --
2

2 2
-- --
2 2
I 2
-- --
4

1 2
-- --
2
1 1
1
-- --
4

8 11
-- --
10 5 2 2
-- -17

,9
13 ... - --
12 6 3 3
-- --
21

1 1
-- ... 2
-- --
-- --
-- --- --
2

2 2
-- --
1 2
--'--
I
-- --

3 3
-- --
3 2
-- --
1
-- --
6

2 3
-- -4 1
I 1
-- -6

10
13
-- --
11 7 2
3
-- --
21

12 16
-- -15 7 3 4
-- -27

6 9
-----6 3 3 2
-- ---13

-- ----
1
-- -- --
3 2
-- ----
-- ----- ----
4

59 00 5650
-- ----
53 83 58 61 5000 5500
-- ---49 00

25 00

40 00

-- ----

30 00

27 50

-- ----

-_2.0_-

00 --

28 00

9 9
-----9 9 9 6
-----9

East Point___ -- ____ ---- I 1 2

671

2 2 2 9 -- -- -- -- ---- 4000 32 50 9

Edgewood ___ -- ________ I 1 2

6 7 -- --

2 1 8 9 -- ---- -- ---- 50 68 58 73 9



Fairfax________________
Fitzgerald _____________ Flintstone _____________ Gainesville_____________ Glennville _____________

I
3 I I

1 1
1 1

2 4 2 2

22 4 22 26
22 2 15 17

11
1 .1 156

3 31 ______

4 22 . 26

17

33

3 20 3

10

Griffin ________________ Haralson ______________ Hawkinsville___________ Ha~lehurst____________

3 I I

1 1 1

4 2 2

2 19 21 22
369

1 1

5 1
3

6 1 4

3 24 27
33 4 9 13

9 2 8

I 2

50 00 50 00

33050000

9 9

30 3500 7
2 4300 3000 I 9

4 50 00 3000 9

50 00

4

4 55 62 30 00 10

Hogansville____________ Inman ________________
Jesup _________________ Kirkwood _____________

I I I

1 1 1

2 2 2

1 2

4 1 6

5 1 8

1 1

1 2 1

2 2 2

2 3

57 33
7 10

5 "1

61 00 28 00 8711 1 60 00 45 00 6711
52 00 38 00 8711

La Fayette ____________

La Grange_____________
Lawrenceville __________ Lumber City___________ Madison_______________ Marble HilL ___________ Marietta_______________ Menlo_________________

3 I I I I
2

2 1 1 1
1

5 2 2 2 1 3

2 21 23

156

145

279

1

1

3 12 15

3 7 10

1

1

112

IT 3 4

156

5 28 33

257

5 5 10

3 10 13

1

1

4 17 21

Moultrie_______________ Newnan_______________ Nicholls _______________ Oakla.nd City __________ Ocilla _________________

I 3 I
I

1 1 1
1

2 4 2 2

279 4 15 19
123 134

1 1 1

2 3
1

3 4 1
1

3 9 12 5 18 23 224 145

21

10 57 75

6

1 50 00

1

41 29

5

3 55 99

4625

15

6 6500

-----_. -- ----

7

3 61 66

15

1 45 00

3

1 5666

4

1 60 00

32 25 2500 2500 27 75
30
31 66 2500 3500 50 00

9

7711

7

9

8

9

e<.:.Iol

tC

9
9711 8 9

Pinehurst______________ Pineview ______________ Rome___-______________ Roswell _______________
Royston~ ______________

I
I 4 I I

1 1 1 1 1

STtioftnoen_M_o__u_n_ta_i_n_________________ TTohcocmoaas_v_i_l_le_______________________ Waycross______________ Waresboro_____________

1 I 2 1
3

1 1 1 1 1

/---i West Point- ___________
Willacoochee___________

---I

2 2 5 2 2 2 2 3 2 4
2

123 123 1 31 32 134 167 224 2 11 13 1 16 17 178 2 20 22
123

1 1
1 2 1 1
1

22 1
9 10 11 11 11 12 46 23 23
1

145

2

134

3

2 40 42

145

2

178

3

235

4

3 12 15

11

3 20 23

8

2 9 11

5

----1------ 3 22 25

18

---- ------

2 2 . 41

3

5500 17 50 7711 40 00 2500 8 5200 30 00 9 1 48 75 2500 7 48 50 20 00 71 50 00 21 87 81 1 57 70 27 50 7, 4 55 62 32 73 9 1 40 00 23 66 9 2 60 00 46 00 9
58 00 30 00 7

{'.

TABLE No.2-Enrollment and Attendance.

}i

ENROLLMENT I

ATTENDANCE

CIty, TOWN

White

Colored

Total

White

I Colored :1

Total

OR'"D', ISTRICT

~

"0"

I

". I - CD

CD
~
I ::is

~
8
CD

~
"0"

~

Eo<

--1-- --

CD

~

CD
~
::is

8
CD ~

~

CD

"0"
Eo<

~
I ::is

CD
~
8
CD ~

- -- -- --

- I - Adrian ____ ---- 99 84 183 38 56 94 137 140

Americus__ ---- 337 399 736 279 361 640 616 760

Ashburn____ --- 166 152 318 45 56 101 211 208

Athens____ ---- t763 750 1,513 304 381 685 1,067 1,131

Atlanta __ - ----

12,491 -- - -- - 4,274

Bilinbridge _- - - 225 300 525 100 175 275 325 475

Barnesville _- - - 165 163 328 030 172 302 295 335

Eo<
"0 i=l
oj
277 1,376
419 2,198 16,765
800 630

, CD
~
::is

- - - - - - - - - - CD ~ 8 CD ~

CD

~
"0"
Eo<

I

CD
~
::is

I

~
8
CD ~

~
"0"
Eo<

CD
~
::is

CD
~
8
CD ~

~
"0"
Eo<

-- - -

57 49 106 9 27 36 66 76 142

259 317 576 214 310 324 473 627 1,100

138 129 268 24 32 56 163 161 325

478 478 956 177 242 419 655 720 1,375

9,751

3,535

13,286

200 270 470 70 115 185 270 385 655

118 117 235 78 103 181 196 220 416

c......
0

Blackshear - - - - 86 64

Blak~ly ___ -- -- 144 176

Bluffton___ ---- 74 50

CBaonsotonn______--__-_-_-_-

133 91

151 102

Clarkston____ -- 25 32

Cochran_______ 66 81

Columbus ___ -- 1,381 1,446

Commerce _____ 212 153

'Conyers _______ 156 157

'Cordele____ ---- 272 309

150

320 150 115 265 294 291

124 26 64 90 100 114

284 58 53 III 191 204

193 50 32 82 141 134

57 -- - -- 147 21 38

59

25 32 87 119

2,827 526 644 1,170 1,907 2,090

365 26 30 56 238 183

313 75 65 140 231 222

581 65 86 151 337 395

Covington _- - --

I Dawson _______
D.ecatur ___ ----

149 138 1

111730

319 157 1741 231 306 344 251 49. 72 1 121 187 185

585 130 135 265 80 90 170 210 225

214 66 47 113 24 54 78 90 101

395 71 94 165 49 42 91 119 136

275

88

29

57 16 20 36

206 84 89 173 63 71 134 148 160

3,997 1,270 1,330 2,600 484 593 1,097 1,754 1,925

421 163 103 . 266 11 18 39 174 121

453 140 142 282 70 54 124 210 196

-~~ -- i~: 1-- H~ 732 254 297 551 42 60 102 296 357

-- -- - ---

650 116 145 261163

235

372 105 85 190 30

130

435 191 256 117 36 308 6,877 294 406 653
414 266

Dexter ________ Doerun________

52 62

48 73

100 -- -
135 12 18

30

52 74

48 91

100 165

36 40

42 45

78 85 8 12

20

36 48

42 ' 78 57 105

Douglas _______

Dublin ________ East Point_____ Edgewood _____ Fairfax________
Fitzgerald _____ Flintstone _____ Gainesville____ Glennville _____ Griffin ______ --

419 165 100 23 397
47 420
461

393 812 139 185

185 350 80 40

130 230 40 60

22

45 37 34

454 851 200 285

48 95 18 19

454 874 125 187

-- -- -- -- -

457 918 III 170

324 558 578 1,136 .s15 120 245 235 480 140 100 140 190 330 80 71 60 56 116 15 485 597 739 1,336 337
37 65 67 132 29 312 545 1 641 1,186 325
-- --281 572 627 1,199 307

300 160 100
18 381
27 385
305

615 82 134

300 70 33

180 20 40

33 22 22

758 164 251

56 710

1o5

15 175

612 7 140

216 103
60 47 415 30 285
237

397 210 100
40 541
44 435
404

434 831 193 403 iJ.40 240
40 80 632 1,173
32 76 560 995
445 849

Hl!ilialson._,J __ -:. 50 42 HAiwkinsville___ 169 188

92 23 26 49 43 68 357 115 120 235 284 308

141 33 22 55 6 7 14 39 30 592 120 146 266 65 79 144 185 225

69 410

Hazlehurst __ - -

Hoganll'Yille____ 115 120 Inman ________ 27 28

235 51 68 119 166 188 55 53 62 115 80 90

354 170

21

23

44 43 51

94

64

74

138

Jesup - -- -- ~--- 134 126 260

134 126 260

<:Jl

Kirkwood _____

-~ ...

I"-'"'

La Fayette _~ _J La Grange_____ Lawrenceville __ Lumebr City_-_ Madison _______
Marble Hill __ -Marietta_______

435 135 94 127 34 393

A35 -- --87-""0" 189 290
150 285 25 30 95 189 43 51 124 251 .90 122 24 58 388 781 164 213

479 55 94 212
377

624 160 137 217 34 557

725 1,349 180 340 146 283 246 463 24 58 601 1,158

332 125 80 89 20 275

313 130 79 100 14 279

645 2 258 255 15 20 159 16 29 189 63 74
34 554 106 128

420 35 45 137
234

494 340 96 152 20
382

571 1,065 150 290 124 220 174 326 14 34 407 789

Menlo_________

Moultrie_______ 240 229 Newnan______'_ 382 425 Nicholls ~.~ __ ,- __ 93 103 Oakl.nd City __ 80 89

469 107 120 227 347 349 696 150 147 297 50 70 120 200 217

807 160 190 196 53 43

350 96

522 146

615 1,157 146 292

315 54

375 56

690 75 125 110 6 22

200 48

390 80

500 78

169 42 46 98 122 135. 257 80 89 169 42 44 86 122 133

417 890 158 255

Ocilla _________

------ -- - -- -

I Pnehurst__ -- -- 1 251 331 58 1 141 221
RPionmevei_e_w______-_-____ 676251 747791 14124121 2058' 312821

Roswell _______ 165 '182 347 27 29

361 391 551 94

40

182

523 87873' 1,06979/ 1,944

56 1 192 211 403

15 42 600 93

20 35 4 11 61 103 700 1,300 150 250 108 201 20 23

16 400 43

19 42 750 113

32 51 61 103 950 1,700 131 244

t129 in cooking and kindergarten not included in above.

TABLE No.2-Enrollment I,md Attendance-Continued.

ENROLLMENT

ATTENDANCE

CITY TOWN

White

I
Colored

I,

Total

I

White

I, Colored \

Total

OR DISTRICT

0;

0;

~

~

0

0

Q)

- - - - Q) 0; :::-l

0;
S
Q)
r>:t

0;

Q)

~
0
- -Eo<-

0;
-:::-l

Eo<

Q)

Q)

- ::s .. - - ::s .; .; .. - - - - - - --- 0; S

0;
~

Q)

0

r>:t Eo<

~ oS

0;

"0

S

1:1 oS

Q)

r>:t I 0

oS
oS
:::-l

- - - - - - - - - - ~

oS
S
Q)

0;
~
0

oS
oS

S
Q)

0;
~
0

r>:t

Eo< - - r>:t Eo<

:::-l

~ oS
S

Eo< "0
1:1 oS

Q)

r>:t - -0 -

Royston_" _____ 136 149 285 18 38 56 154 187 341 107 112 229 8 20 28 115 142 257

Stone Mountain Tifton_____ -- --

I

96 273

97 293

193 4 16 30 110 113 566 56 96 152 329 389

223 54 67 121 5 7 718 167 174 341 25 51

12 59 74 76 192 225

133 417

Thomasville ____ Toccoa________

275 146

265 150

540 85 129 214 360 394 296 41 55 96 187 205

754 239 228 467 78 107 185 317 336 392 131 135 266 36 47 83 167 182

653 349

Waycross______
- -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ Waresboro_____ - -- -_ -_ West Point. ___ 1- Willacoochee__

553
---- -----...
65

650
-- ---
-- ... 50

1,203 -- ----- ----
115

164

---

--

35

195
--
--
30

359
-- -- ..
-- -- ... 65

717 -- ...
-- 1--0'0"

845

---

_.........

80

1,562 -- ----
-- ----
180

370
-- --_-'"...
50

438
-- ...
-- -- ... 40

808
-- ...
90

61 85
---.---25 20

146
-- --'"
-- ... 45

-- 4-_31... -- -_ ...
75

523

---

-_

...
...

60

954 -- ---------
135

TABLE No.3 Grades, Monthly Cost Tuition per Pupil.

TABLE No. 3---Grades.

CITY, TOWN OR DISTRICT

Number of Pupils
in Primary Grades (1 to 3)

Number of pupils in Intermediate
Grades (~5)
J

I
I Number of Pupils in other Grammar Grades

Number of

Pupils in High

School Grades

I

i

Monthly Cost Per Pupil

. . . . .. .. Adrian ____________
Americus__________ Ashburn___________ Athens____________ Atlanta ___________
B a l.n brldf i e - - - - - - - Barnesvi Ie ___ ____ Blackshear ________ Blakely ___________ Bluffton___________
Boston____________ C a n o n _____________
- Clarkston__________
Cochran ___________ Columbus _________

"tl

"tl

CD
:".'a" - -~ -

CD 0
'0
- -0 -

~
"0'"
- -Eo< -

CD
:".a'" - -~ -

CD 0
'0
-0- -

91

24 125

42

10

298 438 736 185 97

148 96 244 89

4

702 457 1,159 325 123

-- -2-6-1-

-- ----
150

-- -- --
411

-- ----
126

-- ----
75

166 147 313 85 93

48 -- ---- 48
145 128 273

38 -- ----
70 120

48 42 90 26 28

93 38 131 79 37

.... ---- -- ---- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- --

20 -- ----

20

13 -- -- --

541

61 601 381 30

t1,332 839 2,171 895 188

~
"0'"
-E-o< -

CD
:".a'" -~- -

52 39

282 135

93 54

448 241

------ 11;586

201 93

178 77

38 64

190 65

54 13

116 60

-- - .... -- -- -- --
13 12

I 681 19

707 376

"tl
CD
0
'0
-0- -
10 95
1 82 4,274 50 52
.... -----
17 8 24
-- ----
-----12 81

~
"0'"

-E-o< -

49

230

55

323

15,860

143

129

64

82

21

84

--

----
12

31

457

.C.D,
:E
-~-
11 128 27 117 905 45 -- --
-- --
40 37 52 -- --
7 36 320

"tl
CD
0
'0
-0 -
-- --- --- --
22 -- --- --
-- --
-- --- --
-- --
12 -- --- --
11 41

~..,
0
-Eo<-
11 128 27 189 905 45
-- --
-- -40 37 64
-- -7 47
361

CD
:"E'"
~
--$1 20 2 59
-----1 83
------
1 45
------
-- -- --
1 64 1 52 2 17
-- -- --- -- --
27 2 02

"tl
CD

0
'0
-0- -
$ 42 79
-- -- --
1 03

-- -- -52

---

--------

65

33

63

-- -- --
-- -- --
45 87

CD !l() oj
CD
-->-< -
$ 93 1 62
-----1 43 I 79 99 I 60
-- -- -1 15 92 1 55
------- -- --
36 1 44

I Commerce _________
Conyers ___________ Cordele ____________
Coxington _________ Dawson ___________ Decatur ___________ Dexter ____________

186 128 241
-- -- --
106 130 51

36 90 109
-- ----
150 70
-- ----

222 218 350
-- -- --
256 20510

85

76

153

--

----
68

61

31

12 30 28 -- -- -130 35 ------

97 106 181 -- .... - -198 96 31

68 66 102 -- ---88 50 10

6 20 14 --:- ---45 16 ------

74 86 116
-- ---133 66 10

82 43 85 -- -57 10 8

2
-- --
-- --
-- --
6 -- --- --

84 43 85
-- --
63 10 8

5 63 2 00 1 51 -----2 81 1 75 1 83

1 26 75
1 19
-- ----
58 1 11
-- -- --

-----1 37, 1 35 -----1 69 1 43 I 83

D o e r u n ____________
,0:,0.. Douglas __________ .

42

22

64

55

8 63 15

15 23

23 2 06 [ 1 00 1 53

co Dublin ____________ 355 217 572 215

81 296 162

21 183 80 5 85 1 65

85 1 25

East Point_________ Edgewood. ________ Fairfax____________ Fitzgerald _________ Flintstone _________
GGaleinnensvvilillele_____. _-_- _-______

I
__

125 92 20 397 57 354 __ __

I
__

70 50 218 18 213 __ __

125

162

70

617

L

75 567

______

70 75 12 189
38 2901

20 18 87 12 80

70 95 30 276 50 370

140 63 5 9
124

10 3 147 28

140 15

15

73

2 05 75 1 90

88

8 25 10 17!

237 85 33 118 1 13 47 80

1 02 1 16 1 09

152 108

108 87 55 71

Griffin ____________ Haralson __________

635 23

189 34

824 57

-- ----
188 70 36 15

258 51

105 24

Hawkinsville__ . ____ 135 130 265

82

60 142

80

22 127 75 24 9
45 125 60

75 1 86 9 2 13 60 1 62

87 1 58 56 1 84 83 1 25

Hazlehurst- __ . ____

Hogansville________ Inman _______'_____ Jesup _____________

95 12

65 160 52 64

55 15

35 26

90 41

50 9

14 14

64 35

35

23 8 2 10 1 36

47 91

Kirkwood _________

La Fayette ___ '_____

La Grange_________ 531 317 848 193 109 302

Lawrenceville ______
Lumber City_______ Madison__ . ________ Marble UilI- _______ Marietta___________ Menlo_____________

115 75 71 39
414

40 40 160
275

155 115 231
39 689

100 40 62 15 271

10 45 25
102

110 85 87 15 373

.0.1.

90

43 133 56 10 66 2 02

77 1 37 01

50

5 55 20

20

11 1

8

20 17

19 63 1 64 1 41 1 15 1 28 37 98 10 108 3 47 88 2 17

4

4

80

80

12

112 1 61

69 1 15

Moultrie___________ Newnan___________ Nicholls ___________
Oakland City ______ Ocilla ____________ .

154 250
71 87

67 200
45 48

221 450 116 135

130 230 64
31

60 100 51 21

190 330 115
52

100 150 45 40

100 40
17

200 85

85 2 56 83 1 70

190 127 10 137 1 57

60 1 08

45 16

16 1 47 73 1 10

57

280 2 00 2 40

~~g ----=~ PinehursL _________
Pineview __________ Rome_____________ Roswell ___________

20 451

_____2_9

8401 313

49 45 1,153 197

10 42 72

R o y s t o n ___________

140 51

tKindergarten, White 250, Colored 50, Total 300.

7 22

17

6

6 22

22

42 19

39 16

16 1 23

563 219 787 142 52 194 1 20

94 78

78 41

41 1 09

51

46

' 46 48

48 1 48

1 23 80 1 14 28 83 70 1 09

TABLE No. 3-Grades-Continued.

CIT:Y, TOWN OR DISTRICT

Number of Pupils in Primary Grades
(1 to 3)

Number of Pupils in Intermediate
Grades (4-5)

Number of Pupils
in other Grammar Grades

Number of

Pupils in High Monthly Cost Per

School Grades

Pupil

---

:a .. :a . .. :a .. .. .. --- --- --- --- --- --- --- "d

"d

..~... ~

~
.
0
0
---

d.....
0
- -E-t-

..~...
~
---

~
0
"0
0
---

d.....
0
E-t

~
.-<;:: ..c:l
~

"d

"d

~
0
"0
0

d.....
0
E-t
---

..~... ~ --

~
0
"0
-0-

d.....
0
-E--t

~
;t: ..c:l
~

"d ~

~
bIJ oil

0
"0
0

<>~

Stone Mountain ____ Tifton_____________

75 330

15

90

69

95 425 125

Thomasville _______ Toccoa____________

236 133 369

160

50 210

110 60

10

79

45

70

42 152

20

90

25 35 74
43

5

30 24 -- -- 24 $1 50 $1 50 $1 50

12

47 76 -- -- 76 1 60

72 1 16

28 102 114 11 125 1 80

91 1 54

12

55 33 4 37 1 43

86 1 15

Waycross__________ Waresboro_________
West Point ________ Willacoochee_______

493
-- --,..-- ---------

104 ------- ----- ----

597 -- -- -------- ----

251
-- ---------
-- ----

142 ------------ --.--

393
------
-- -- --- -- --

206 ._- -- --- ----- ----

80 -- -- --- -- -------

286 -- -- ------------

155 -- --- --- --

33 -- --- --- --

188 -- --- --- --

1 59

----

--
--

---

-- ----

1 10 -- ----- ----
-- -- --

1 52
-- -- --
-- -- -------

/

Table No.4. Receipts and Disbursements.

TABLE No.4-Financial.

CITY, TOWN OR DISTRICT.

Balance on Hand from 19_

Receipts.

I I I Amount of
School Fund
I Received from I I I the State.

Amount of

Amount of \

School Fund School Fund Amount Re-

Received froql I Raised by I ceived from

Hire.of Con- Local Taxation Other Sources

I Total Receipts

Adrian Americus Ashburn
Athens Atlanta Bainbridge Barnesville Blackshear Blakely Bluffton Boston Canon
Clarkston Cochran
Columbus Commerce
Conyers Cordele Covington Dawson Decatur Dexter Doerun Douglas
Dublin East Point Edgewood Fairfax Fitzgerald

-_

- -_ - _ _

- -_ -- --_

_

- .. -_ _ _ _

_ _

- -_ - _ _

-- _ _

-- __ -- -- ---_ _

-_ _

-- _ -_

_

-_

--

-,

_

_

_

VictS.

$-- -- -- -- ---- $ 18 60 46 86

97000 $---_________ $

55500 $

5,429 23

666 88

1,386 21 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

12,518 35 4,806 37

8,539 22 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

20,200 00

65,492 24 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

329,123 75

3,305 00

328 00

5,012 00

90000 $ 427 59 2,363 57 387 30 1,115 00
_

2,425 00 19,060 66 8,556 15 29,173 38 395,730 99 8,645 00

3,318 00

414 00

2,900 00

450 00

7,082 00

-------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -- -- -- -- -- ----

2,450 00 -- -- -- -- -- ----

3,500 00

1,300 00

7,250 00

1,161 07

186 00 -- -- -- -- -- ----

903 33

2,250 40 ,<.:.1.l

278 65

746 21

27 88

1,478 46

1,637 70

4.168 90 00

751 45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -------------- -- -- -- -- -- ----

751 45

397 93

277 59 -- -- -- -- -- ----

446 00

1,111 43

1,232 95

171 92

1,296 21 -- -- -- -- -- ----

2,088 72

413 30

3,970 15

15,303 90

1,901 31

65,355 17

5,942 39

88,502 77

498 43

1,412 00

1,502 79

2,378 34

1,251 00

6,544 63

128 19

1,393 82

272 96

2,725 00

1,158 89

5,678 86

2,251 00

2,800 00

593 00

4,775 00

1,090 00

11,609 00

-- -- -- -- -- ---- -_._- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- ---- -------------- --------------

725 33

2,428 26

105 69

4,700 00

1,620 72

9,580 00

6 07

1,330 90 -- -- -- -- -- ----

2,300 00

533 65

4,170 62

25 60

241 40 -- -- -- -- -- ---- --------------

1,105 60

1,372 60

2486

505 62 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

562 98

796 12

1.889 58

718 56 71856

3,004 00 3,00400

----

---

---

--
--

---

-------

7,00000 7,00000

3,353 68 3,353 681

14,076 24 14,076 24

-------------- -- -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- ----

1,127 17 -------------- -- -- -- -- -- ----

2,977 83

4,105 00

103 00

49 48

150 00

315 00

617 48

2,197 00

1,993 00

194 00

9,621 05 --------------

14,005 05

Flintstone ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

617 67

203 69 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

528 60

112 30

Gainesville____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Glennville.

-_ -- -_ -_ -- --

197 01

3,661 09 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

4,700 0

-_ -- -- -_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _

297 10 _

Griffin_____________________

3,48698

4,291 74

7,00000

Haralson___________________

1051

852 45

16 64

Hawkinsville Hazlehurst

-_ -_ -- - __ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ __

1,818 85 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

6,389 00

-_ ___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _

4,15700 27683
1,824 00 _

Hogansville "____________ Inman _ ___ __ ___ __ __ __ __ __ __

242 48 100 00

1,317 191 689 32

18634

1,61849

45 00 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

66343 100 00

Jesup Kirkwood "

c-

1,23439

974 00

131 54

-- __ -- __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _

4,25300

7500 _

La Fayette

-- -- -- -- --

-- -- -- -- -

- __.. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _

_

La Grange

- -- __ -- __ -_ - -- -- __

Lawrenceville_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

LumberCity________________

4,666 25

421 19

1,055 00 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

74405

9,982 47 3,000 00 1,487 17

10,885 55 350 00 _

Madison____________________ Marble Hill_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Marietta____________________

449 74 1 32
15185

1,62572 279 67
3,65567

3,971 00 44 55 __ __ __ __ __ __ __
6,84431

15670 127 00
_

I Menlo __ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1__ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ----

Moultrie

-

1,965 171

2,196 45

96 90

2,773 65

3,308 91

Newnan

1

31401

3,27080

2,78750

8,00000

36282

Nicholls

1

158 73

743 39

789 52

341 87

Oakland City __ _ ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

813 65 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

1,918 93

_

Ocilla

-- -- -- -- -- __ -- -- -- -- -- --

-- --

_

Pinehurst___________________

27255

Pineview ___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Rome

-_ -_

776 70

RosweIL___________________

Royston___ __ __ __ ___ __ __ __ __

170 36

Stone Mountain _ ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

90637

60 L4

389 85 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

7,300 70 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

1,15000

782 52 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

781 00 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

1,70044 1,335 32
15,041 25 6800Q
1,200 00 1,200 00

2,04300 689 00
972 60 31700 3,782 00 562 00

Tifton______________________

85008

6,84000

27091

Thomasville _ _ _ ___ __ __ __ __ __ Toccoa_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

223 48 5 22

4,240 32

180 57

1,669 80 __ __ __ __ __ __ __

8.529 49 2,500 00

1,716 40 600 00

Waycross___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Waresboro

4,523 48

4,599 96

1,548 80

8,950 00

2,971 70 _

West Point -_ -- - -_ -- __ -- -- -- __ -_ -- --

Willacoochee

---

1

-

_

1-------------- --------------1--------------

1,462' 26 8,855 20
18,935 72 1,156 43
10,031 85
4,027 93 934 32
6,667 93
25,956 46 4,400 00 2,262 22 9,196 16 452 54
10,651 85 .<.:.1.l
10,541 08 '"
14,735 13 2,033 51 2,732 58
4,982 50 2,414 17 24,091 25 2,147 00 5,934 88 2,543 00 7,960 99 14,888 26 4,775 02 22,593 94

TABLE No.4-Financial-Continued. Disbursements.

CITY, TOWN OR

Amount Paid

I Amount Paid Other Ex-

Total Dis-

Balance on

DISTRICT

to Superin- Amount Paid to Teachers. for School . penses.

bursements. Hand.

tendents.

White I Colored

I Supplies and Buildings.' r

Adrian ____________________ Americus__________________

$-- -- -- ----
1,800 00

$ 1,980 00 I $
11,240 39

360 00 3,330 00

$ 40 00 $ 1,042 22

45 00 $ 2,425 00 $-- -- -- ----

633 36 18,044 97

1,015 69

Ashburn___________________ .Athens____________________

-- -- -- -- ----
2,000 00

5,625 00 19,463 17

604 00 3,396 00

110 11 3,015 52

2,215 04 1,056 03

8,556 15 -----------

28,930 72

242 66

_Atlanta _~ _________________

5,700 00 209,069 50 23,220 00 121,978 56 35,763 33 395,730 99 ------------

-Bainbridge ________________

1,515 00

4,580 00

850 00

1,200 00

500 00

8,645 00 ------------

Barnesville ________________

2,200 00

3,240 00

840 00

50 00

200 00

6,530 00

552 00

-Blackshear ________________ Blakely _______________ ~ ___ -Bluffton___________________
Boston____________________ Canon_____________________
Clarkston__________________ ochran___________________

-- -- -- ..,..- ----
1,350 00
------------
------------
----.,--------..,..----------
900 00

-- -- -- -- ---4,475 00 1,660 00 3,229 44 604 55 550 00 1,260 00

------------
550 00 129 00 360 00 146 90 90 00 360 00

------------
300 00 427 87 -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- ----
-- -- -- -- ----
500 00

-- -- -- -- ----
575 00 33 53 415 66
------------
58 73 625 45

-- -- -- -- ---7,250 00 2,250 40 4,005 10 751 45 698 73 3,645 45

----------------------------------
164 80 -- -- -- -- -- --
534 22 324 70

Columbus _________________

2,250 00 47,375 00

8,435 00

17,948 61

12,494 16

88,502 77 ------------

Commerce _________________ Conyers ___________________

1,300 00 881 44

2,515 00 3,179 10

315 00 ------------ ------------

480 00

443 09

214 65

6,046 20 5,198 28

498 43 480 58

Cordele____________________

1,200 00

6,600 00

1,080 00

900 00

300 00 10,080 00

1,429 00

-Covington _________________ Dawson ___________________

------------
1,291 65

-- -- -- -- ---5,310 00

- - - - - - - - ~-----------

-- --

805 00

550 00

------------
1,218 28

------------
9,174 93

------------
405 07

TIecatur ___________________ Dexter ____________________ Doerun____________________
TIoug;las ___________________ Dublin ____________________
East PoinL ________________ Edgewood _________________ Fairfax____________________
Fitzgerald _________________

900 00
-- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- --
1,500 00 1,500 00
720 00 1,000 00
-- -- -- -- -- -1,500 00

1,995 00 1,047 63 1,575 00 9,180 00 9,180 00
------------
2,700 00 532 00
9,000 ao

540 00
-- -- -- -- -- --
60 00 1,530 00 1,530 00 -- -- -- -- ----
405 00 150 00 1,000 00

460 67 192 41 24 50 1,174 00 1,174 00
------------------------ -- -- -- ----
3,000 00

274 95 133 62
68 70
--------------------------------------------------------- --- -- -- ----

4,170 62 1,373 66 1,728 20 13,384 00 13,384 00
------------
4,105 00 682 00
14,500 00

-- -- -- -- ---1 06
161 38 692 24 692 24
-- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- -- --
64 52 494 95

Flintstone _________________
Gainesville_________________ Glennville _________________ Griffin ____________________
Haralson __________________ Hawkinsville_______________ Hazlehurst ________________ Hogansville________________ Inman ____________________ Jesup _____________________
Kirkwood _________________ La Fayette ________________ La Grange_________________
Lawrenceville ______________
Lumber City_______________ Madison___________________
Marble Hill ________________ Marietta___________________
Menlo_____________________ Moultrie___________________ Newnan___________________ Nicholls ___________________

-- -- -- -- ---1,500 00
-- -- -- -- ---1,800 00
-- -- -- -- -- --
1,260 00
------------
1,000 00 4 00
850 00 -- -- -- -- ----
- - - - - - - - - ... --
1,560 00 900 00 900 00
1,100 00
------------
1,575 00
------------
1,500 00 1,500 00
607 50

399 50 5,258 22 -- -- -- -- ---8,758 28
600 00 4,450 00
------------
1,750 00 420 00
2,677 00
-- -- -- -- ----
------------
10,152 50 2,250 00 1,280 00 3,483 28
370 00 8,575 00 -- -- -- -- -- -5,044 00 10,300 00
686 00

245 00 1,344 95
------------
1,553 83 40 00
1,200 00
-- -- -- -- ----
450 00 225 00 640 00
------------
------------
2,902 70 150 00 250 00 855 00
------------
1,620 00
-- -- -- -- ----
855 00 1,100 00
280 00

37 58 289 41 -- -- -- -- ---1,265 44 480 78 1,382 73
------------
150 00 75 00 1,121 00
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- _.- ----
9,641 37 600 00
-- -- -- -- ----
813 20
-- -- -- -- ----
920 15 -- -- -- -- ----
1,802 69 587 70 295 50

21 32 400 00
------------
2,500 00 3 75
300 00
------------
500 00 30 00
180 00
-----------------------
1,598 79 500 00 55 00 445 70 4 87
2,189 22
------------
299 85 478 72 129 51

703 40 8,792 58
------------
15,877 55 1,151 66 8,592 73
------------
3,850 00 754 00
5,468 00
-- -- -- -- ----
------------
25,956 46 4,400 00 2,485 00 6,699 18 374 87
14,879 37
-- -- -- -- ----
9,501 54 13,666 42
1,998 51

758 86 62 62
-- -- -- -- -- --
3,058 17 4 77
1,439 12
-- -- -- -- -- --
177 93 180 32 1,199 93
-- -- -- -- ----
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- ----
-- -- -- -- -- --
222 78 510 02
77 67 -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- --
1,039 54 1,068 71
35 00

CJl CJl I-'

Oakland City ______________ Ocilla _____________________ Pinehurst- _________________

735 00 -- -- -- -- -- --
810 00

1,350 00
------------
695 00

495 00
------------
190 00

------------
------------
3,418 56

152 58
------------
200 00

2,732 58
-- -- -- -- ----
5,313 86

-- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- ----
331 36

Pineview __________________ Rome_____________________ Roswell ___________________ Royston___________________ Stone Muontain ____________ Tifton_____________________ Thomasville _______________ Toccoa____________________ Waycross__________________ Waresboro_________________
West Point ________________ Willacoochee_______________

1,000 00 2,000 00 -- -- -- -- -- --
741 88
------------
1,500 00 1,500 00
900 00 2,400 00 -- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- -- --

1,700 00 14,993 31
1,755 00 1,700 00 1,682 00 5,375 00 8,075 00 2,520 00 11,557 25
-- -- -- --- ----- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- -- --

129 15 2,604 25
125 00 160 00 175 00 145 00 1,670 25 639 00 1,567 00
-- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- ----

125 00 3,872 15
------------
3,275 00 216 00 693 28
1,484 62
-- -- -- -- ----
1,888 47 -- -- -"- -- ----
-----------------------

30 00
-- -- -- -- -- --
172 00 58 00
115 00 225 00 _.... ---------666 00 1,263 55
------------
------------
------------

1,984 15 23,469 71
2,052 00 5,934 88 2,188 00 7,91:18 28 12,727 87 4,725 00 18,676 27
-- -- -- -- ----
-- -- -- -- -- --
------------

430 02 621 54 95 00
-- -- -- -- -- --
355 00 22 71
2,158 39 50 02
3,917 67
----. --- ..__ .
----------_.
----------

.. , - - - - - ---_._._,._ _-------~----_._------ ..... ~ -

TABLE No.5. Schoolhouses; School Libraries.

Schoolhouses Belonging to Board of Education

Schoolhouses Not Belonging 'I New School- II

to Board of Education

I houses

. School Libraries

----------------

CITY, TOWN

I

OR DISTRICT !
i~
I~

Ol ;::l
;O>J

".Od..l
0
"0
Q

Ol ;::l
;O>J

ci Z

!

OJ
-+-'
I~

I I

_Ol co::l -+-'0 co
E-<;>

I

Ol

-+-'

:E I

~

I
I

'";::l
OJ
;>

I

l"d

,'" I i ~
1.2

Ol ;::l
OJ

81 I ;>

ci Z
OJ
-+-' 0
E-<

_Ol co ;::l
o- + - ' co
E-<;>

- ... 1-----1

.I..

... ;::laO

>.

OlAo

-+-'

..s0.:::: -00

Ol ;::l

I Z;:i:Xl;:l:.l!SllJ

;O>J

","'Ol ;::lOlo.. -"<::0 co -+-' ...
;>Oil;

...
aOl
;::l
Z

O'"l S
;::l
"0
;>

-\-
Ol ;::l
;O>J

I Adrian _________ I 1

-J$~-300 Americus_______ 1

Ashburn________ 1

Athens_________ 4

Atlanta ________ 24

Bainbridge _____ 1

Barnesville _____ 1

Blackshear _____
- Blakely ________

-3

Bluffton________ Boston_________

1 1

Canon__________ 1

Clarkston_______ 1

Cochran________ Columbus ______

-9

Commerce ______ 1

Conyers ________ 1

Cordele_________ 1

Covington ______
- Dawson ________

-1

Decatur________ 1

$10,000 20,000 16,000 27,000
-------15,000 40,000
-------10,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 12,000
-------300,000 ,15,000 7,000 30,000
-------20,000 4,000

1 1 1 2 6 1 1
-
-1 1
---
-2 1 1 1
-1
--

$1,000 5,000 1,500 7,000
-----2,000 3,000
-----------
500 1,200
------
----------50,000
650 1,000 3,000 -----4,000
------

21 $11,000 2 25,000

-1

$---3-0-01-_-_1_$_-_-_-_-

2

17,500 - -

--~-~-

1 3,000

4 34,000 3 10,000 - - - - - --

30 930,000 - - ------ - - - - - --

3 17,000 - - ------ - - - - - -2 43,000 - - ------ - - - - - --

- - ------- - - ------ - - - - - --

3 10,000 1 500 1 500

2 3,500 - - ------ - - - - - -2 6,200 - - ------ - - - - - --

1 10,000 - - ------ 2 300 1 1,200 - - ------ 1 100

- - ------- - - ------ - - - - - -11 350,000 - - ------ 1 3,000

2 15,650 - - ------ - - - - - --

2 8,000 - - ------ - - - - - -2 33,000 - - ------ - - - - - --

- - ------- - - ------ - - - - -2 24,000 - - ------ - - - - - -1 4,0001 __ ------ 1 1,000

1 3
--
--
---
2
--
--
2 1
-1
--
--
---
--
1

3,000 10,000 ------
------
------
------
1,000
------
------
300 100 -----3,000
------
------
-----------
------
1,000

-----------
------
------
3
------
-----------
------
--------------------------
1
------
------
------
------
-----------

$------------
-------
------105,000
-------------------
-------
-------------
-------
-------
-------
25,000
-------------------
-------
-------------

$ 500 2,000 2,500 3,000
112,000 4,200 4,000
-------------
500 800 1,000
50
------53,000 2,500 200
-------------------
1,200

1 1 1 1 25 1 1
-1 1 1 1
-1 1 1 1 1
-1 1

100 $ 50

400 250

850 475

7,058 2,000

10,750 5,375

300 200

1,650 2,000

------ -----500 200

200 100

300 175

130

30

------ ------

259

30

500 600

2,200 500

700 500

300 100

------ -----500 200
500 I 200

~~~~y~;~~=~===~ _! _'__!~~~~I~~ ~~====I_!I r~~~~ ==I======I~~ ~~~~~ ~~II~~~~~~. 1======I=======I~~~~~~~ I~~ I~~~~~~I~~~~~~

ublin_ ________ 2 38,000 2 4,000 4 42,000 __ ______ __ _____ __ _ "

1 2,000 3,000 __ ______ _ _

EastPoint

1 9,0001

1 9,000

1 300 1 300

1,000

_

Edgewood_ _____ 1 15,00011 200 2 15,200

Fairfax_________ 1

500 1 200 2

700

- - - _- - __ __

500 1 400 200

1

12

15

Fitzgerald______ 3 15,000 1 2,000 4 17,000

__

Fintstone

I __ I

I

1 __ 1

1 11 1,1001 1 500 2 1,600

3,000 1 800 350 75

Gainesville____ __ 11 35,000 1 2,500 2 37,500

Glennville_

_

_

1 500 300

Griffin _________ 3 55,000 1

Haralson_______ 1

750

Hawkinsville ___ 1 15,000

Hazelhurst _____ _

_

5,000 4
1 2,000 2

60,000 7500
17,000

1 100

100

2 650 250 250 2,000 1 350 250

Hogansville_ ____ 1 4,000 1

Inman_

1 1,000 1

Jesup__________ 1 11,200 1

Kirkwood ______ _

_

800 2 150 2 2,500 2

4,800 1,150 13,700

1,000 1 1,500 1

60 300

La Fayette _____ _

_

La Grange_ _____ 2 31 000 1

Lawrenceville_ __ 1 5,000 1

Lumber City____ 1 9,000

Madison________ 1 18,000 1

Marble HilL ____ 1 1,000

Marietta________ 1 15,000 1

Menlo_ _________ _

_

3,500 3 250 2 1
4,000 2 1
5,000 2

34,500 1
5,250 9,000 22,000
1,000 20,000

2,000 3,000

2,500 2 4,500
--1------
-- ------
1 3,000

1

800 3,000 4 3,500 2,575

800 1 400 300

500 1

25

25

3,750 1 750 800

1 400 200

-

1 4,800 2 950 475

Moultrie________ 1 30,000 1 2,000 I 2 32,0001 __

Newnan________ 4 40,000 1 2,500 5 42,500 1 3,000 2 4,000 3 7,000

Nicholls_ _______ 1

8001 __

1

800 __

1 500 1 500

Oakland City ___ 1 10,000

Ocilla__________ _

_

PinehursL______ 1 6,000 __

-!~~~~~ 1
1 6,000 =_=_1=_=====_

500 1 500

Pineview _______ 1 2,000 __

1 2,000

Rome__________ 6 RoswelL _______ 1

40,000 1 8,000 7

3,000 !__

1

48,000 2 3,000

6,000 I 2
11

Royston

1 14,00011 1,000 2 15,000 ______ __

ISO ---____ 5,000 1 250

3,000 1 700 __

800

500

400 1

1 6,000 1,125 1

75

75

1,000 1 130

75

2,000 1 1,000 500

600 1

50

25

700 1 1001 40

TABLE No.5-Continued. Schoolhouses; School Libraries..

Schoolhouses Belonging to Board Schoolhouses Not Belonging

of Education

to Board of Education

New Schoolhouses

School Libraries

CITY, TOWN OR DISTRICT
..O.,l :E
~

Ol ;:l
0; I>-

"d
O....l
0
'0
0

I. 0 Z

Ol ;:l
0;

~...,
0

-Ol
" ' - ol;:l
ool

l>- E-< E-<I>-

..O.,l
:E
~

Ol ;:l
0; I>-

"d

O....l

Ol

0

;:l

'0
0

0; l>-

0 Z

..I..
.... ;:lao OlAo

~
'0"
E-<

-Ol
.o..l;,:-l
o ol
E-<I>-

.S0.=: .O....l.
;:l;:lbll
Z IXI.S

Ol ;:l
0; I>-

'" 0

....

....
Ol

Ol ..... Ol .0

'O"l
S

S -;..:<lO ::

lA 0

ol..., ....

;:l

;:l
'0

I>-O~ Z

l>-

Ol ;:l
.0;
I>-

1I

Stone Mountain_

Tifton

_

Thomasville _

Toccoa

_

1/$ 10,000
~I 3,000 20,000 4,000

11 $ 300
1 2,000 1 1,500

Waycross Waresboro West Point

_ _ _

J:::,:O:~~

1

7,000

willacoochee _

2 $10,300 2 3,000 2 22,000
2 15,500
4 67,000

1 $---1-- $ ---1 1,000 1 1,000

I $10,000 $ 1,500 5,000 1 2,000 1 1,000 1
2 25,000 10,000 1

$ 500 500 500 600

300 ~ ,-" >I-

Consolidation of the Local Tax Systems

556

CONsoLIDATION 01' ANNUAL REPORTS OF FIFTY-SIX 1Nj): PENDENT LOCAL TAX SYSTEMS (TEN NOT REPORTING).

. .-1- I Nurnhe~~~~~~~s=~_~~I----'i~~~ -C~~t~d-"

Total 180

TEACHERS

NuMmableer of Teachers- _

116

Female

_

779

TotaL

_

895

47

163

196

975

243

1138

Normal Trained Teachers I

648

160

808

Average Monthly Salaries I'

Paid Teachers

!

$66.46

$36.34

P{JPILS--=E~rollmen-t -'0' - - - - - - - -

I

Male ---------------- 1 18,136

6,753

I

Fe;oatl;1~~~~_~~~;~_~~~~~I :_:_::_:_:____c_-1-;:-:-;: J

AttendanceMale Female
Total

I

_

13,740

_

14,360

_

28,106

4,910 6,080
10,990

24,889
~~::: __
18,650 20,446
39,096

Pupils in Primary Grades (1-3)

I
_ 16,142

8,120

24,262

Pupils in Intermediate I

Grades (4-5)

_

9,317

Pupils in Grammar

I

Grades 6, 7, 8

_

8,247

PU8~~d~~ ~i~~_~~~~~~ I 3,664

M~etrhl~~~~~t~~ _~~~t~~~_1 ' 1.70

3,729 2,423 265
78

13,046
10,670
3,929 Average
1.24

Length of school term in months, 8 months. Average salary of superintendents, $993.ti8.
SCHOOL PROPERTY.
Number of school houses belonging to Board of Education: White, 106; value, $1,058,950. Colored, 44; value, $1~6,250. Total number, 150. Total value, $1,195,200.
Number of school houses not belonging to Board of Education: White, 10; value, $25,900. Colored, 20; value, $18,540. Total number, 30. Total ,'alue, $44,440.

557 Number of school libraries, 74. Volumes, 40,639. Value, $22,465. Other school property, furniture, npparatus, etc., value, $247,000. Total value of school property, $1,509,105.

FINANCIAL. Receipts..
Balances from 1907 Amount received from State Treasurer Amount from convict hire Amount from local taxation Amount from all other sources

$ 22,390.66 182,295.08 11,761.16 592,828.83_ 67,111.22

Total

$876,386.95

Disbursements.

Amount paid to superintendents

$ 55,646.38

Amount paid white teachers

475,843.72

Amount paid colored teachers........................ 70,647.03

Amount for school buildings and supplies

187,793.19

Other expenses

69,344.35

. TotaL Balance on hand

$859,274.67 $17,112.28

Summary of Statistics
Showing Grand Totals for Local Tax Counties, Non-Local Tax Counties and Local Tax Systems.

SUMMARY.

SOHOOLS.

Number of schools: White, 4,560. Colored, 2,803. Total, 7,363. Number of long term schools, 1,943. Number of schools giving high school courses, 563. Number of High Schools, 306. Number of Ace,t,wited High Schools, 102. Number of Agricultural High Schools, U. Number of Local Tax Counties, 19. Number of Local Tax Systems, 66. Number of Local Tax Districts in addition to the local tax counties and systems, 288. Number of days schools were kept in operation in 1908, 132.

TEAOHERS.

Number of teachers: White, 7,384. Colored, 3,512. Total, 10,896.

Total male, 2,860. Female, 8,036.

Number normal trained teachers: White, 2,910. {{olored, 691. Total,

3,601.

Average monthly salaries paid teachers: White, $44.29. Colored,

$20.23.

PUPILS. School population, census 1908: White, 386,277. Colored, 349,244.

,

Total, 735,471.

Enrollment: White, 306,891. Colored, 201,512. Total, 508,403. Per

cent. of enrollment to population, 69%.

Attendance: White, 202,549. Colored, 119,504. Total, $322,050.

Per cent. of attendance to enrollment, 63.3%.

Pupils in Primary Grades (1-3): White, 149,933. Colored, 129,~33.

Total, 279,866,

Pupil&in Intermediate Grades (4-5): White, 80,413. Colored, 40,-

239. Total, 120,652.

Pupils in other Grammar Grades (6-8): White, 57,373. Colored, 10,-

850. Total, 68,223.

Pupils in High Schools, 17,253.

Per capita paid by the State on basis of population, $2.825.

SOHOOL PROPERTY.
Total value of school houses belonging to County Boards of Education, Municipalities or Districts, $3,111,305.
Total value of school houses not belonging to County Boards of Edu cation, Municipalities or School Districts, $2,194,173.
Number of school libraries, 989. Value, $78,568.

560
ValUe of otner school property, furniture, apparatus, etc., $590,336. Total value of school property, $5,974,382. School houses built during 1908, 292; value, $615,898. Repaired, 462: value, $63,931. Total value of improvements, $679,829.

FINANOIAL.

Receipts.

Balance on hand 1907

$ 189,530.39

Amount received from State Treasurer............. 2,163,207.3~

Amount raised by Local Tax

1,010,678.97

Amount from all other sources, tuition, etc.

423,414.05

Total.

$3,786,830.74

Disbursements.

Paid to Superintendents and Boards of Education ... $ 188,077.38

Paid to teachers: White................ . . . . . . . . .. 2,289,258.12

Paid to teachers: Colored........................ 497,269 39

Paid for buildings, supplies, etc................... 430,242.08

Other expenses

338,099.81

Total.

$3,742,946.78

High Schools......White.
-.~

HIGH SCHOOLS; WHITE

No. of Enroll-

s ~ o
... 0> .. S

'6.'

~ S

City

County

Tch'rs ment

'~Ql ~..... ~S.~.. ~'-'

..0.. ;"g'" ""'.-= '0

N arne of Institution

Narne of Principal " -;Q;;l _
:s ~ ~ ~- Sw""o:l'~Ql
1:S

S " d ' -;Q;;l _ o:l
~~

tV..d .w.. of:;:':0l..

0

p.,

~ ~ i~ ~

00 Ql"'"
.~=:E

;::l

"'"
d

'0 ;>

~

SQl
,. :;

;:s .0.......o0.:l

Ql

&_ I ~.S

~;:l

1~~~1~1~~====~~~~~~~======= ~==== ~======I~===== ~===== Ade~

Berrien

A==d=e=!=P=u=b==li=c==~c=h=o=o=l===== A==.=N==. =s=w=a=.=i=~=c=~=-=-=-=-=- ==211==01==21=1==61=8==13==0=79=== ===510.76 ===== 15,000 ______ 446 500

Adnan

Johnson

Adrian PubhcSchool __ W. M. PettIs .:

Se1e L oc al Ta x Syst ems

~:::!~~======~~~fi~~r_t:~~===AI~~p""alyt~~h~ic-S~h== L~~t~~-rS~t.t-l.~====-4\-2 -6-80 -70 150--9 ===-1~50 --i2~0001======--200 -- - 100

Americus

Sumter

Furlow High SchooL W. O. Cheney------ See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

011

Arabi

CrisB

--------------------- ------------------ --1-- -- --- --- --- --- --- ----- ------- ------ ----- ------ ~

Arlington

Calhoun

ArlingtonHighSchool_H. K. ~rooks

, 113 4 57 88145 9 L____ 5,000

2281 200

I Ashburn

Turner

Ashburn Pub. School __ C. H. BIShop

'See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

Atlanta_ - - ---- Fulton_ - --- - -- Boys High SchooL - - - - W. F. Dykes--- - - - -

Atlanta

Fulton

Girls High School

Miss N.C. Sergeant_

Atlanta

Fulton

Washington Seminary- L. D. Scott '

31417 275275 9 7,00 25,000

2,00011 3.000

Atlanta

Fulton

Marist College

Rev. J.E. Gunn 13 __ 13 125 125 9 80.00 91,000

5,000 10;000

Atlanta

Fulton

Peacock's Sch. for BoysD. C. peacoc;k.

[

----

Atlanta

Fulton

Sunny South Mil. InsL G. C. Looney

--

_

Athens Aubum

Clarke

Athens High School

G~innett------Perry-Rain~yInst

No Report _~ J. B. Brookshi,re

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns 115 6130120250 9 1.50 23,000

200 50

Augusta

Rlchmond

Tubman HIgh SchooL T. H. GarretL

See D oc al Ta x Sys terns

Augusta AustelL

Richmond Cobb

Richmond Academy C. H. Withrow
Austell HighSchool J. M. White

Sele L oc al Ta x S ys terns 113 4 79105184 9 1.50 4,000

250 150

Bainbridge Decatur

Bainbridge High Sch __ J. A. CaldwelL Se e L oc al Ta x S yst ems

Barwick

Brooks

BarwickHighSchooL_J.W.Davia-

1134 8590175 8

1.50 7,0001

::~:;~~l:~~====~~~~~======== ~_o~~~~_~~~~i~~~~====== :~~._ ~~_~~i~~=== === ~~I~ _~- ~~ _~~ _~~- ~-~~~ _~~~~- 1

Blackshear Pierce

Presbyterian Institute _C. A. Sydnor

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

200 100
_

~~:I,:::l~~ ~ ~~, ='E-;rly ====~=== =j3i~keiy p~biic -S~h~~l-= M.-c~ Ali~n=== ==== =lse1e - t-I~c - ~i -IT~-!X-Sly~t e;;s- J_ - - - - -- - - - --- ----- - - - -, --
~~~fft~~~~-_-_==ci~y======= === Iii~ffto~-iiigh-Schooi-= c~ T.-N~rto~~== ====sele - t- 00- ~i - T~- ;.-Sy~- t;~~-------- ----- ----- -----"-

B,,owd,on, Bowman :a'oston 'B'6stwick

Ca,r,r,o"I,L ElberL Thomas Morgan

B?wdon COllege

y" D. Whatley

Glbson-MercerAcad A. W. Bussey

Boston High School W. E. Nichols

Bostwick HighSchooLC..C. Wills

215 7 205180385 9 5 "_ 20,000_~ 2 1 3 25 29 64 9 5 4.00 9,000 See L 1oc al Ta x Sys tems 1 3 4 70 6813 9 9 2.00

1,200 700 150 300
. 120 75

Bremen ----H8,-,ralson

Brewton

Laurens

Bronwood

Terrell

'Broxton

Coffee

Hamilton Brewton

~ollege-c----G~ T~
HlghSchooL.Robt

.PDa.cDe-uck--e_

-

-

--

14 5

297

112303161

9 9

L____ 11.00

900 1,300

100 100 200 80

BronwoodHighSchooLThos_ J. Barrett 1 3 4 53 55108 9 11

4,000______ 40 15

Broxton Institute

J. L. Cart

134

150 9 2

10,000

200 25

B'r4nswick 'Buchanan Buena Vista BMord Butler
Cairo Calhoun Canon Camak Camilla Canton Carnesville

Glynn Haralson Marion Gwinnette Taylor
Grady Gordon Franklin Warren MitcheIL Cherokee Franklin

Glynn Academy

Ralph Newton

See L oc al Ta x Co untie s

Buchanan High SchooL A. H. Moon______ __ 1 5 6180172352 9 I 3 _ 5,000

Hoke Smith Inst.

A. W.Strozier

1 4 5 82 87169 9 12 _ 8,000

Buford Public School _J. T. Parker

1 6 7147210357 9 L _ 10,000

Butler Male and Female

College

T. J. Horton

1 2 3 48 621109___ 30 5,000

Cairo High SchooL J. S. Weathers_ ____ 1 6 7125105230 9 __ _ 1. 50 10,000

Calhoun Public Schools Miss Edna Baker

Canon Public SchooL __ T. H. Brame

CamakHighSchooL __ J. W. BlackwelL

Camilla High SchooL __ J. B. Smith

Etowahlnstitute

E. D. Gunby

!8 8110147257 9 L____

See L'oc al Ta x Sys tems

123313364 9

1 2 3 36 45 81 9102.50

26

225 9 2.00

5,000
4,000 17,500 5,000

Tugalo Inst

Miss Kate Dozier_ __ __ 5 5

225 9 ___ 2.25

_ 150 _ 400 . 150 _ 20 _ 200 _ 320
650 150

100 500
50

20 100

g

175 ""

_
350 100
_

Carrollton

CarroIL

Carrollton Pub. SchooLH. B. Adams

31013282298580 9 8 1.50 21,000

500 500

g:~~:~:~ille====B"'a""rto~-======= C~rl;;s~ille-High-Sc-hl== c~ -,,: Asb-~ry===== =-2-i -- === ======- -9===- i~50 --i5~000 ====== --230 ---ioo

Cave Springs Floyd

Hearn Academy ~ C. RAllen_ _ __ _ 2 2 41 ;40\26 669 2 5.00 24,000 7,500 700 1,000

Cedar Grove Laurens

Cedar Grove PuJ;>. ScW _ No Report

Se e L 10C al Ta x' S ys tems

Cedartown Polk

Emanuel BenedIct

.

Cedartown_ __ Polk_: Chickamauga_ Walker CCllaarrkkssvtoilnle__ ~ DeKalb

Ce~:r~o~~IJi~\OSlcW~=J~ E'- P~~k~= == ==== =- i -3 -4[- 29 -35, -64 --9-i 7-3~ 40 --io~ooo ====== - -700 ---400

Chickamauga High ScWL. M. Hammond 1 12 50 46 96 8___

3,200______ 14 430

Clarkston Pub. Sc.hool _ Miss Nena J. MarstinSee Lo[ cal Ta x Sys t'">InS

.

.--

CCllaayxttoonn

TattnalL

Tattnall Collegiate InstW. L. N" ewsom ., 3 8111701"_80_3_5_0_ __9I _. 1.35 5,000

200 200 _

HIGH SCHOOLS; WHITE-Continued.

City

County

Narne of Institution

No. of Enroll-
- Tch-'rs ment

.2:

::s ::s Narne of Principal

0>
o:i

oS:~l -
0> 0

0>
o:i

~E-<

0>
o:i S
0> ~

o:i
"0"
E-<

.S
0>
E-<
....
0
..<::
"b"Ll
=0>

00 0
.e..>.,.
0>
..="0"
o:l
0
0

0 = 0.
:;IS
S ~
E-<~ ~~
0::l
..0,"" ' :>0>

~ Z <Po.

I
Po.
'S
<:J' ~
....
0 .,
0>"" _: :0l =>
~S

III

0>

S

::l

. "=0">
...... S
~

'>0>.
o:l
0:9

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~=

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Cochran College Park
Columbus

Pulaski Fulton
Muscogee

---1--- ----- ------- -----1------ Cochran High School __ L. H. Browning __See Loc al 'Ta x Slys terns

Ga. Military Academy Columbus High School Jas. A. Duncan

_i _=S~!~

-

L-

~~

-

al

Ta x Sys

tems

------

Columbus Columbus Comer
Cornmerce

Muscogee Muscogee Madison
Jackson

Columbus Ind. SchooL Wynnton Academy Comer High SchooL C. B. Ayers
Commerce High School L. F. Elrod

_ _

-
-

____

~-1-------
__ J _______
112 315 See L oc

a

18 l

33 Ta

------
--- ---
9 ___ x Sye

------------
----- ------3.00 12,000

terns

)

----- ---------- ------
400 400

Concord

Pike

Middle Georgia Inst L. T. F. ArnaIL __ 11 3 4 78 86164 9 6 1.50 7,000

125 25

Conyers

Rockdale

Conyers High SchooL __ R. O. PoweIL __See L oc al Ta x Sys tems

Cornelia

Habersham Cornelia High School

__ 11 910205 168373 9i---1 1.34 10,000 5,000 75 40

Cordele __. Crisp

Cordele High SchooL _ _______________ __See L 'oc al Ta x SiYS terns

Crawfordville -- Taliaferro -----

1

Covington

Newton

Covington High SchooL D. F. Nicholson

_
_

=Is~:~

-IL-I~~

~

a

l

---1---'----- -------
Ta x S'ys Items

----- ------

Culloden

Monroe

CUlloden High SchooL _C. C. Gilbert

__ 1 3 4 48 57105 9 91 _____ -------

25 50

Cumming Cusseta

Forsyth

Cumming Public SchL T. P. Tribble

Chattahoochee Cusseta High School.. __ V. L. Bray

__ 1 2 3 90 80170 _ 2 __ 2 26 29 55

9 ___ 8 ___

1. 506,000

25 10

2.00 600 ------ -- --- ------

cuthbert

Randolph

Cuthbert High SchooL E. H. Hamby __See L oc al Ta x Co untie s

Dahlonega Dallas Dalton

Lumpkm Paulding WhitfieIa

Dahlonega Graded Schl W. L. Ash Dallas Graded SchooL _H. H. Ezzard Dalton Pub. High SchL T. S. Lucas

___---

1 2
1

3 6 2

4108 100 208 8149 116 315 3 27 41 68

9 ___ _1.20 2,500 ------

99

__1_2

1.50 17.47

10,000 -------

-------

---

300 125 300

125 125 300

Danielsville Darien
Davisboro Dawson

Madison McIntosh
Washington lTerrelL

Danielsville High ScW _ McIntosh County Acad_
Davisboro SchooL

HWA.e. nLFr;.yIPvTae.rysCoonnsner____--

13 14
13

Dawson High SchooL __ F: E. Land

__See

4100 5 34 4 55 L oc

80 41
56 al

180 75
111 Ta

9 99
xS

36 ___
ys

____6_0
90 terns

2,500 -------------

-----------
------

'700 - ----
-- - --

350 -----------

Decatur

DeKalb

Donald Fraser H. S G. H. Gardner __ 5 __ 5 62 ___ 628~ ___ 10.00 8,000 ------ 200 300

Decatur .__ DeKalb

Decatur High SchooL __ E. E. Treadwell __Se e L oc al Ta x ys tems

DemorestDexter Dial

!Habersham ,Laurens IFannin

Piedmont College

'H. C. NeweIL

Dexter Public School __ W. F. Fortney

DiaIHighSChOOL

J.W.Blackwell

I 4J 610 83! 68151' 9 3 1.75, 15,000
se1e L oc lal Ta x S yst ems

213472,774 6

1,000

5,000' :3,000 80 50

Doerun

Colquitt-

Doerun Pub. School L. S. Dismuke

Se e L oc \al Ta x S ys terns

Donalsonville __ Decatur

DonaldsonvilleH.S G.C.Nelson

1459097187 9 1.33 2,500

100 150

_ E~~~t::~ill;----=~~~_e~=== ===== =~_~~~I~~_~~~~_~~~~~I~== ~~ ~._~~~t~~= == ====~~~ _ ~_ ~~ _I~~ :_a_ ~_ ~~~ _~~~~ 1

_

Draketown
Dubin
DuPont-

Haralson Laurens

Draketown Baptist InstS. D. McCormick_ __ 1 4 51041114218 9 ___ 1.75 10,000 - -- _- - - - - - - -- - ---

Dublin High School W. A. BeIL

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

- - - - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c - --

Eastman East PointEatonton

-

- --

Fulton

East Point Pub. School A. F. Archer

Putnam

Eatonton Academy J. T. Walker

1 __ -

- -- - - -

-- -

--- - -

-------

- - -- - -

- - -- -

- - - ---

See L oc 'tal Tax Sys terns I

21012174186360 9 24, , 50,000

1,800 600

Edgewood Edison

Fulton Calhoun

Edgewood Pub. SchooL T. H. Smoot Edison High SchooL __ W. C. Watkins

-- -- --

1

--- --- --- ----- ------- ------ ----- -.-----

1 4 5 93 73165 9 2 1.50 1,200______ 50 75

Elberton Ellaville

Elbert Schley

ElbertonHighSchooL_L.M.Spruell Chas. F. Crisp lnst W. E. Drane

213413980 9 2.78 1,500 1 1 2 60 68 128 9 __ 1.25 3,000

100 100 _

Ellij ay

Gilmer

Ellijay Institute

No Report-

-

- - - - - - - - _- - - - - --

Epworth Eton

Fannin

EpworthSeminary

c

W. D. Stephenson_ 235137115252 8 82.00 8,000

-

-

- ---

g; 350 560 CJT
- - - _- - - - - - -

Fairburn

Campbell

Fairburn High SchooL _ C. O. Stubbs_ ______ 1 5 6135140275 9 13 _____ 6,000

- - - ---

Fairfax

Ware

Fairfax Pub. School J. A. Fielder

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

Fairmount- Gordon

Fairmount College

Henry A. Smith

2 1 3 70 54124 9 2.00 8,000

100 200

~Z~~~~l~~e_===B-e~- Hill- === ===Fit;ie-r~ld -High -Sc-h~~i= j~- B.-G~i~~~= ======s~~ -i- ~~ -I~l- T~- ~-slY~ -t;~~C - -- - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - ---

Finleyson

Pulaski

Finleyson High School A. R. Hogue

1 2 3' 40 37 77 9___ 80 1,500______ 100 25

~~lkse{g'n~~~~~~Ich~~lt-o-;======F~lk~t~~-p~b~-Sc-h~~I~==J~R.-V~~V~~;hi;=l-iS -i --I1--5 --5]-10S== =2~50======= ====== --300 ---200

___: Forsyth

Monroe

Forsyth High SchooL __ A. H. Wyatt-

-ISe e L oc lal Ta IX CO unties

~~~~ ~:tfe~_== =~~~~ ==== __ =====:~ ::~i~_e~_~~~~ _~c_~~~I_ ~_a_~ ~._ =~~~~~e~=== =1_ ~ _~ _~I_ ~~I:~~ ~~I ===_: ~~~ _:_5~~~~ === === ==~~: __ -~~~

Fr:o:nkli~------Heard--------FranklinNormaICoL--J.D.Bradley

13470,531231 9

GamesvIile "Hall

Ohattahoochee H. S J. D. Underwood 1 3 2 5 ,

I 81

2.00 6,000 2.50 10,000

_ 150 100

Galnesville
Gainesville Gibson Girard

IHall
Ii
1IHall Glascock Burke

Riverside Mil. Academy A. W. VanHoose _ \ 18 _" 8' 801,,'_ __ 80 9 10.00 40,000 ______ 200 100

H J p earce i ' I I

' I II

GainesVille High Schl __ T. H. Robertson See L 10C lal T a'ix SIYS terns

Gibson High SchooL __ J. S. Mandeville

112 42 53 97 8~ __ 1.25 2,000

_

Girard High SchooL W. B. Lovett- ____ _ 1 3 4' 591 571161 9 ___ ___ __ 3,500 __ ____ 125 150

HIGH SCHOOLS; WHITE-Continued

City

County

Name of Institution

Glennville

TattnalL

Glennville High SchooL O. R. Ledford

-ISee L oc al Ta x Sys tems I

g~:;:~rf-~~== ~~;~~~~~===== ~=o;;;;=~i;~=;;~;;~=== ~'=~==~==~~~~~~===I=~ =~ =~=~~=~~ ~~~==~ === =~=~~I= ==3=~~~ ====== ===== ======

Gray----------Jones----~----Gray Public SchooL Fritz L. Ware

JSee L oc al T ax Co untie s

Grayson-------EmanueL-----EmanueICountyInst--G. E. Usher

178100122222 9 22.50 7,000

300 300

Greensboro Greene

Greensboro High SchoolJ. H. Purks "___ 1 2 3 4 32 36 9 3.50 18,000 __

120 100

_ __ __ ___ ___ __ _ Greenville

--

-

-------

-

i

------- ------ --

01

g~~~;======= ~~~~~~~~====== ?~~~_~~i~_~ ~~~~~~= === ~~ ~._~~~~~t_t== === =~~~ _~_ ~~_ ~~_ ~~_ ~_~~~-I:~~~_

~

Hogan

Tattnall

Hogan High SchooL F. J. Ingerhan

J

_

Hahira HHaapmepvtiollne

Lowndes

Hahira High School J. S. Peters__ _

Henry--------Hampton High School J.L.Chapman

_ 1 3 4 16 24 4083-2 2 3.00 10,000

1569580175 9

2.50L 9,000

400 400
130 50_

Haralson

Coweta

Haralson Pub. SchooL_J. E. Taylor-- -----Isee L oc al Ta x Sys tems

~:~i:;======~~~~~~i~======~~r!~~~i_g_~~~~~~~=== ~~ _~~ _~~~~~~~~~== _=_: _~ _~~ _~~ ==~ __:=== _:~~~

Hartwell

Hart-

Hartwell High SchooL_ No Report

See L oc al Ta x Sys Items

Hawkinsville Pulaski

Hawkinsville H. School T. G. Polhil

See L oc al Ta x Sys tems

Hazlehurst -Jeff Davis

Hazlehurst H. School __ No ReporL

~~~ ====== __ =~~ =~~
_

Hiawassee Hogansville Homerville

Towns Troup Clinch

Hiwassee High SchooL_ A. B. Greene Hogansville H. School _J. T. McGee Du Bignon Institute No Report..

4 1 5150106256 9 ___ 1.10 7,000 See L oc al Tax Sys tems

600 300 _

Inman

Fayette-------Inman Public School __ W. L. Burch

See L oc al Ta x Sys tems

IronCity------ Decatur

Iron City Pub. Schools_J. F. Broach

3 3 6 75175 250 9 10 2.50 3,500

500 600

i:~;:~~=======~_~t:~=========:~~~~~~_~~~~_~C_~~~l===~~ ~._~~~~~~====== _: _= _~ "~~ _~~1_~~ __: __ ~ ===== __1_0~~~~ ===== =__ :~~ =:~



Jefferson
Jeffersonville Jenkinsburg Jesup Jonesboro _~ Kingston

Jackson Twiggs Butts Wayne
~

LKairkkewPoaordk

DeKalb

LaFayette

Walker

Lavonia

Franklin

LaGrange

Troup

LLaewxirnegntcoenville __ GwinnetL

Lincolnton Linwood

Lincoln

Lithonia LocustGrove_ Loganville Louisville LLuummpbkerinCity

DeKalb Henry Walton Jefferson Telfair

Lyerly Lyons
Jlacon
JlaC'On
McDonough McRae Madiilon Marshallville

Chattooga Toombs
Bibb
Bibb Henry
Telfair
Morgan

Marietta

Maysville

M~igs

:

MilledgevIlle

Cobb Banks Thomll;s Baldwm

Millen

Jenkins

Milltown

Berrien

M!neral Bluff __ Fannin MItchell ~

Martin Institute

A. S. HilL_ _____ __ 2 7 91111162279 Y2 ___ 1. 00 55,000 26,000 1,000 500

Twiggs High School H. L. Worsham_ ___ 1 4 5 61 50111 9 ___ 1. 50 18,000______ 200 125

Jenkinsburg H. School J. B. Ward

. 1 3 4 72 66138 8 ___ 2.00 3,000

_

Jesup High SchooL T. Cook Covingron _See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

~

~_

'

~

_

Kirkwood Pub. School T. L. McCurry

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

_

LaFayette Pub. SchooL W. M. Ransom LavoniaPub. Schools __ H. B. Bible LaGrange High School C. L. Smith Lawrenceville H. SchL_ W. P. Martin

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns 1 8 9210175385 9 1.50
See L oc al Ta x Sys terns See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

800 1,000 _

Lincolnton H. SchooL T. L. Perryman_ ___ 1 2 3 48 55103 9 ___ 1.40 1,800

_

_

Lithonia Institute

A. C. Whitehead

1 4 5135 90225 9___

Locust Gtove Inst

Claud Gray

731014571216 9 4.25

Loganville H. SchooL __ S. C. Olliff_ _____ ___ 1 3 4108 94202 9 __ - 1. 00

LouisvilleAcademy J. W. Farmer

2 3 5 75143218 9

-- Lumber City H. SchooL R. F. TerrelL

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

200 100

40,000

1,200 1,000

10,000 - ---- - --- - - - - - - - - Of

17,500

400 500 ~

_

-_ Lyerly High SchooL Wilford McCutchen_ L _ 1 2 9 11 9 __ _ 2.50 1,500

Lyons Pub. School

J. T. Brinkley ____ _ 1 6 7120130250 9 _____ 11,000 ___

St. Stanislaus College __ Rev. M. Moynihan__ 6 __ 6 30 30 10 10.00100,000

Gresham High SchooL _ K. T. Alfriend __ ___ 11314221310 631 9 72 1. 85 40,000 ___

McDonoughH.SchooLW. D. Greene

112212142 9

15,000

South Georgia College__ R. J. Strozier ______ 3 2 5 52 82134 9 ___ 3.50 50,000 ___

Madison H. School ....

J. A. Davison

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

_ 350 400 6,00015,000 800 1,000 150 100 350 350
_

Marietta H. SchooL W. T. Dumas

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns

Maysville H. Sohool O. J. Peterson

1 3 4115110225 9 1.60 14,000______

M~igs Graded SchooL: _J. S. Searcy___ _____ 1 4 65 66131 9 --- 2.501 8,000

MIddle Ga. Ag. and MIl-

litary College

W. E. Reynolds NoR eport

-- Millen High SchooL R. B. Brewton -12 5 7

187 9 4 50,1 18,000 ______

Oaklawn Academy J. C. Wilkinson

1 3 4 21 191 40 9 -- _ 3.0 25,000

Mineral Bluff SchooL __ Mrs. Dollie Curd _\.. 1 1

,___ 8

,"

'

..

1

J

100 50 _ 25
650 350 _
~ __

HIGH SCHOOLS; WHITE-Continued.

I

g No. of Enroll-
Tch'rs ment

~S

-:

~~

~~

I

.~ $

~~

!
I

City

County

Name of Institution
..

I~ I
Name of Principal

I~

~]"'.~..... '0 00

-~=;>'O~t'

i
I

-

'" & I"~''1~~0~l ~ I ~~

~Ol

~tD

0
~

~ ~ up.. I ~~-S= I

0

~.;.S:s

~~

Molena Monroe

Pike Walton

JMolena High.SchooL __ R. W. Ware __ ~ !Monroe PublIc SchooL_J. C. UI!shaw-

1 11 2 8[14 22 91 5 2.00 6,500

125- 90

1',lOI1121Q.220430 9 13

12,000______ 250 100

Montezuma_ Monticello

-

-

-

Macon Jasper

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-'IMontezuma H. School Molilticello H. SchooL __

J. O.

MR..

RlChardson_ Horton

-

-

IIi

1 2

2 3

25 40

26 36

51 76

9 - - - 3.00 1',500 - - - - - - - - 8-9"0- - - - 6-0-0-

9

3.25 8

Morganton

Fannin ----- North Ga. Baptist CoL_ Jno. A. PooL

2' 2 4 13 18 31 8 2 1.35 10,000______ 500 250

Mount V~rnon _Montgomery---\UniOn B~ptist I~sL A. M. Gate~ ;

5',',8113200?25325 9 7 3.00 80,000______ 600 275

Mount ZIOn CarrolL

Mount ZIOn Semmary__ Hubert PhlilIps ____ k _ 1 51 5 10 6 - __ 2.00 6,000 ______ 700 500

Moultrie

ColquitL

Moultrie High School __ G. D. Godard

se".e I'L oc al Ta x Sys terns

g:

Norman Park __ Colquitt

INorman Institute

0. A. Thaxton_ ____ 4 610162 122284 9 ___ 3.00 83,000 50,000 500 500 00

Norman Park __ ColquitL

Norman Park Pub. ScLJ. B. Pate

1 1 2 60 70130 9 __"_ 75 2,000

_

Norwood

Warren -------I,Norwood H. SchooL A. C. McCaIL

1, 2 3 36 37 73 9

1.00 2,000______ 350 100

Newnan ,Oak Hill

Coweta Gilmer

Newnan High School __ C. K. Henderson See IL oc al Ta x Sys terns

jOakland High School __ W. B. James

11,2' 3 701 60130' 8___

2,000______ 30 10

Oakland City __ Fulton

Oakland City H. Schl._ W. M. Suttles

See L oc al Ta x Sys terns t

Oglethorpe

Macon

[Oglethorpe H. SchooL_ W. G. Slappey----- L_ 117 22 39 9 16 2.50 8,000

231 100

{)Cilla

Irwin

10cilla High SchooL J. J.,Flanders

se"e L oc al Ta x Sys terns

Pelham

MitchelL

Pelham High SchooL __ T. H. Wllkinson_ ___ Ii 1 2 20 38 58 9 ___ 2.00 20,000

Pembroke

Bryan--------BryanNormaIInsL---R.L.Landis

11454962111 9 32.50 10,000

Perry--------- Houston

~_Perry Public School F. M. Greene

l' 3 4 54 66120 9 2.35 3,000

_ 250 175 _ 75 50 _ 40 20

Pinehurst

D ooly

Pineh urst H.SchooL __ Paul Ellison

Se:e L oc al Ta x S ys terns

Pine Log Pineview

Bartow Wilcox

Pine Log College

J. R. Whittaker

Pineview H. SchooL J. H. Ware

1, 4 5125 80205 8 10 1.25 2,500 See L oc al Ta x Sys Items

200 150

Pitts Poulan

Worth

T---------------------------- ~--------__'__ --

~ __ -

-

-

_

,Poulan Graded School - J. M. McKmnon __ - - 11 3 4 68 781461 9 - -

~~~~~~n-=

=====

~~~~~e_r===

====I=~~~~~~

_~~~~~"_c~_o_o!=

==

:~~._

~_e_n~~~=

=====

_

~:_

~i-

1
:1_

~~

_~~

~~~

__

:1=

==

_

:

~

~~

1~~~~ === === __ ~~~

~~

Rabun Gap IRabun

IRabun Gap Tmlustlial _ R. L. Ritchie

l' 1 2, 12 13 25, 10 1 1.00 10,000

1,000 300

Reynolds

TayloL

!Coleman Institute

'J. W. Bloodwoeth_ 12, 31 5 1001092091 9 51 2.001 7,500' 5,000 300 275

R!Chland

Stewart

I'Richland Publi~ School IE. L. BrawneL

1 11 51 6120125245 9 1511.60 12,000______ 100 1~0

_ __ R~ncon--------Effingham--~--E~nghamInstItute B. F. Carson

11 112 32 43 72 9________ 1,200

100

~~b~~~~~-_ ~ ~ ~ ~ =~~:~~~~~ ======I~~~~~~~ -~= _S_C_~~~I== =='~~~ ~._ ~~:~~=== ====_~ _~ _~I1- ~~ ~~ ~~~ ====1_ ~= ~~ 4~~~~ ======_-- _~

DO
~

Rochelle

WIlcox

Rochelle H. SchooL 'H. J. Lawrence

2 4 6 84 87171 9 4 1.86 10,000

400 250

Rockmart-

Polk

Piedmont Institute IWilber Colvin_ _____ 3,1114250235485 9 ___ _____ 27,150 ______ 300 250

li~::= ~l~H= ~~2!~f:~~~{~~I~;~ ~~.=j~I~~; ~~I~ ~~=~i ~~= ~ ~~; i;~~= ~ ======== ========

=='W

======= =i,=

= ==

===== =========== = == ====

Roswell

Cobb _.

Roswell High Q:lhooL_ -IC' A, Buis~

Se,e IL oca I T ax Sy ste ms

j== _ ::!d~~~ill-e-_-_-==~~~~~I_~ ~= ====~o_~s_t~~_~._~~~~~~ == _~_ ~_e~~~~~~~ ~~ ==~~I~ ~_ ~~_ ~~ _I~~_ ~_~:~ _:~~~

_

Sa~tee--

White

Nacoochee Institute 'Jno. R. Long

1 3 4 44 61105 9, 6 2.00 10,000

400 200

Samt Marys Camden

St. Marys H. School iN0 ReporL

,1 Se,e L oc al Ta x S,ys j'tems

Savannah

Chatham

Chatham Academy -IN0 Report

. _J__ - - - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Savannah

Chatham

Somerville Academy :R. C. Somervill::; I - - -_ --- - -- --- --- --- ---- - -- --- - - ------ ----- ------

J ~:~fI~: ========~~~e_t~=== =====~~~~:~e_~ !~~~~t~:~= ====!~~i~~ _~~i!~~~_~~~e_~ =,_ ~I_ ~ _=~ ~~~ :~~ __=__ ~i-~=~~ __ !~~~~ ======__ ~~~ ~:~ Ol

Siloam

Greene

Siloam High SchooL __ IW. A. Wheeler

1 2,3 52 66118 8---12.00 800

400 125 r6

~~~~~!~~~~e~ ===~~~~i~~~~~===~~~~~~~~ ;~=s~it~~~= ====iw~ ~~ =;~;~~=== =====i =~I=; i~~ i~;~~6 ==; ===i= ======1=0~666 ========= ========

Sparks

Berrien

~parks Ct?llegiate Inst __ ,iChas. E. ~lliott ____ 3; 710150125'275 9 ___ 2.00 30,000 ______ 800 600

Sparta

Hancock

Sparta HIgh SchooL IW. W. DnskeIL Se,e L oc al Ta x Sys tems_

Spread

!

1__ -- --- ---11 --- -

----- -------1------ ----- ------

_ : Spring Vale Randolph --Spring Vale H. School _'13. C. Haddock

111 2 38 33 71 9

,

Statham

Jackson

Statham Pub. ~chool--IA. P. Watkins

11 3 4 92 81173 9 1

10,000______ 100

~~:n:~~:~= ====~_u!~~c_~~ ~ =====~:~:~s~_o~~_~~~t~:~te - - -I~~~~ !~._ ~_e~!~~~-_~~ =J~~ ~: ~~~ ~=~,1 ~~~ ========__2_0~~~~ ====~ =__ :~~

_
50
~~~

Stone MountainDeKalb

University sChool--r"~~1

Boys

Sandy Beaver

I
8 __ 8 80

iI
808:li1 133.33 30,000

500 1,500

_ __ =1 __ _ Stone Mo~ntainDeKalb-------St<Jne Mt..Pub. School _ B. E. CarroIL

Se,1e L oc al Ta x Sys Items

I

~~~~i{~~l!~= ==~~~::~~~~= =~ ==~~~~~r~;~~~_~~~~~~~ =I~-~~ ~~~~r~= ===== =1_ ~I-~ ~ ~~~ ~:~l:~~ ~ :=~~ 4~~~~1= =~=== ~~ ----:~

Swainsboro EmanueL

,Swainsboro High SchL_No Report

See L oc al Ta x Sys tems

,

SSyyllvveasntiear

Screvl'Q

,Sylvania High SchooL _IN 0 ReporL

--ISele L oc al ITa.- x Slys tems

------ ----- ------

HIGH SCHOOLS; WHITE-Continued.

No. of Enroll-

s~ ~~

~SoS

~ 'S

~ S

City

County

Name of Institution

Name of

I iTch'r..s
I Principal .2;

ment
Q)

~ "
~

~'~"

'ESo<'"~
~ .

0" f;il
'0 00

..e

...,

0

~ ~ >:: :> C '0

::s ::s OQ)J~ol'OOJ OQJ) r;.. Eo<

OJ OJ
~S"~,

~0
.3>:: z0

<o>~'"~

&~
0;-
:> S

0

~

Q)

&"0 z0.>.. ::"~:

Talbotton Talbotton

TalboL Talbot

TalbottonHighSchool EmileRothe

Le Vert College

No Report

1:3 4 46 59105 9 2 -

8,000 _

300 90

Tallapoosa

Haralson

Tallapoosa High School J. B. Parham

2 1 3 16 35 51 9

15,000

200 80

Temple

CarroIL

TempleGradedSchool W.A.Shelton

1569591186 9 11.75 8,000

100 100

Tennille

Washington Tennille Institute__ - N. H. Johnson_ ____ 1 8 9103126229 9 11 1. 67 20,000 ______ 450 225

Tifton

Tift

Tifton High SchooL Jason Scarborough -!See L oc al Ta x Sys tems

Thomasville Thomaston Thomson

Thomas Upson McDuffie

Thomasville H. School Jno. S. Allen-------'l'see L oc al Ta x Sys tems

01"

R. E. Lee Institute F. F. Rowe

2 7 9165210375972 5

Burned Feb. 27, 1908

:?

Thomson Pub. SchooL _ N. E. Ware_ _______ 3 710 2 6 8 9 __ _ 1. 00

_

Toccoa

Stephens

Toccoa High School J. S. Allman

lsee L oc al Ta x Sys tems

.

Trion;-

Chattooga

Trion Pub. SchooL A.. A. Strock ____ __ 1 5 6116109225 9 ___ 1.10 2,000 _ _ 300 100

~~~~~"~~~~~~o,;~~~~~:~~~:~~!:i;;;:~~~~~a;~~;~0;;~:~~~;~~:~::t :~W04,i~3 ~~7 ::~~~~ :~~~: :;l:l:~O :~~~~: ;::~4:;;~~

V!enna_.

Dooly

V!enna.Pub..SchooL C. G. PoweL

1 5 6122132254 9 12 1.40 7,500

100 30

VJlla RICa Wadley

Carroll Jefferson

VIlla RICa HIgh School E. T. Steed_ _______ 2 4,1 6148156304 9 _ _ _ 1. 75 1,250

Wll;dleyHighSchooL __ A.F.Ware

1415 1 4.5 9

15,000

1,085 500 1,200 800

Waleska

Cherokee

ReInhardt Co!lege

R. C. Sha.rp

4 610165177 342 91 13 2.00 15,000 6;50011'000. 1,000

_-::: ,:_ ,:_ l,L- 00 x_ _---- _ ---- Warr~nton
WashIngton
~;::~:"

W ~rren __

Warr~nton HIgh Schl _-'IH. B. Carreker_____ 3 __ 3 40 25 65 9,1 6 2.00 30,000 ___

400 200

Wilkes

WashIngton H. School _ P. H. Henry ______ _ 27 9145120265 10! 15 2.05 25,000 _____ _ 150 150

",~'::::::::: ",~"b_"o_ S~bo~~:: ~_Paffo~d::::::

~_ Ta S'Y~ ~'",~

_1 ' _

~:~~~sb~l~==- ?_c~~:e~== ====== ?_c_o~_~~_~i~~_~~~~~~ =.= =~._~~ ~~i~== ==== ===_~I_ ~I_: _~~I_ ~~ _:~ __ =_~~ ===== 5~~~~ ===== =!__ ~~~ ~~~

Waverly HaIL_Harns

NanmeSchley Inst

W. M. Parker-

12, 3 1 2 3.9 __ 50 5,000

!

_

Waycross_. Ware

Waycross High School _ C. A. Mays

Se,e IL oc al ITa x S,ys tems

I

w.whi~ta%n~==== ~~~~~~=======_I~~~t_:~~~t_~._~~~o~~== ~~~._=~~~~~-_-_=== ~~~_ ~_ ~~_ ~~_ ~~_ ~_~ _~~I_~e_~~ ------- -_----

1

_

WhitePlains Greene

Dawsonlnstitute

J.E. Wright

13 4 64 78142 9 1.50 5,000

500 300

Willacoochee CofIee

Winder

Jackson

Willacoochee H. School Eugene Harris

See L oc al Ta x Sys Items

Winder Public SchooL _E. J. Robeson___ ___ 31215256256512 9 ___ 6.50 12,800 ______ 722 300

Winterville Clarke

Winterville H. SchooL_M. C. Gay

1 4 563 90153 9 7 1.50 1,500

300 150

Woodbury Wrens

Meriwether JefIerson

Woodbury HighSchool T. R. Edwards Wrens High SchooL C. C. McCollum

1 3 4 66 96162 9 .

2.00 7,000 ------ 300 175

"

_

Wrightsville IJohnson

'Zebulon

Pike

Warthen College

W. F. Quillian

Griffin District InsL G. E. Rosser_ __

N 0 R epolrt

.

1 4 5 65[ 60125 9 __ _ 1. 25 10,0001__

I
251 50

Statesboro

Bulloch

Tifton

Tift

Americus

SumteL

Ca.rrollton

CarrolL

Monroe

Walton

Barnesville Pike

Powder Springs Cobb

Madison

Morgan

Clarksville

Habersham

Granite Hill Hancock

Douglas

CofIee

AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOLS

First District Second District
Third DistricL Fourth District Fif.th District-
ixth District
Seventh DistricL Eighth DistricL
Ninth District Tenth District Eleventh District

J. W. Hendricks W. G. Acree
J. M. Collum J. H. Melson G. C. Adams M. B. Dennis
H. R. Hunt Jos. F. Hart, Jr
W. H. MaxweIL J. N. Rogers C. W. Davis

_ _

325544\99 2 1 3 52 10 62

190

_ 4 1 5151 16167 9

_ _

3 3

2 3

5 6

74 81

36\110 39120

10 9.

_ 3 2 5 43 22 65 9

I _ 2 1 3 51 26 77 10
_ 3 __ 3 56 56 9

_ _ _

3 4
3

1 2
3

4 6
6

69 28
76

24, 93 18 46
301106

10 9 9

*4. 50_
6.50 5.00 15.00 3.00 3.33 6.75
_ _ _

50,0001______ 25 60,000______ 100
75,0001______ 300 50,000______ 500

10 100
150 100 CJ1

50;000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ;:J

56,000______ 150 100

25,000 7,000~

_

7,500

_

30,000______ 300 150

45,000 ______ 100 75

60,000

_

Albany
,Athens fAthens 'Forsyth
Fort Vall~y %omasvIile

Dougherty
Clarke Clarke Monroe Houston Thomas
.

NEGRO HIGH SCHOOLS

Albany Bible and Man-I

I[

ual Training Inst Jos. W. Holiey

5 510100140240 8

5.00 12,000 500

_

Knox Institute Jeruel Academy

IL. S. Clark J. H. Brown

2 6 81572113688Yz___ 85 10,000______ 150 50

2 5 7109155262 8

1.00 15,000

_

Normal and Ind'i SchL W. M. Hubbard

3 4 71752674421 9___ 85 6,000

1,131 500

Ft. Valley H. & Ind. SC_1H. A. Hunt

4 9 13171214385 8

1 75 48,385 2,000 400 240

Allen Normal and In-

dustrial SchooL

IMiss A. B. Howland __ 11111___

8

_ 10,000

600 150

*These amounts represent board and laundry expenses.

572 APPROPRIATIONS, ENROLLMENT AND CENSUS, 1871-1909

Appropria-

Enrollment

I I T<.>tal

Census

tion

White

Oolored

----

I

1871

174,107

42,914

6,664

49,578/ 366,3f8

1872 1873

No schools 250,000

---------63,923

---------19,755

-----8-3-'6-7-7-1 -_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-

1874 1875 1876 1877 1878

I 265,000 151,304 149,464
150,225 154,378

93,167
105,990 121,418 128,296 1 137,217

42,374 50,358 57,987 62,330 72,655

135,541 _________ 156,3481 _________
1------_-- 117990',460256 _________ -
209,872 433,444

1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885

155,264 150,789 196,317 272,754 282,221 305,520 502,115

147, 192 1 150,134 153,156 161,377 175,668 181,355 190,346

79,435 88,399 91,041
95,055 111,743
110,150 119,248

226,627 --------238,533 --------244,197. --------256,432 --------- 287,411 507,167 291, 505 1 _________ 309,594 _________

1886 1887

312,292 489,008

196,852 208,865

122,872 133,429

319,724 --------342,294 ---------

1888

330,113 200,786 120,390 321,176 560,28

1889 1890

490,708 638,656

209,276 209,259

133,220 134,491

342,496 --------343,750 ---------

1891 1892 1893

935,611 951,700 1,021,5121

219,643 225,350 233,295

140,625 145,506 157,293

360,268 ---------
370,856 --------390,588 604,97

1894 1895 1896

I[ 1,923676,,780774 1 1,161,052

260,084 253,516 266,991

169,404 170,260 179,180

429,496 --------423,786 --------446,171 ---------

1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903

-' --------I 11',166490,,9346511 ____2_7_0_,_2_6_7

180,565

1,398,122 __________ ----------

I 1,440'642 1 __________ ----------

1,505,127 __________ 1,615'052 1 __________

-------------------

1,538,955 300,596 201,418

450,8;~2
469,107

-

-

-

------
660,87

o-

474,441 - -- ------

484,385 ---------

502,887 --------439,784 --------502,014 703,13'

1904

1,591,471

298,865

200,238

499,103 ---------

1905 1906

1,735,713 1,711,844

289,234 307,494

199,286 208,774

488,520 516,268

---------
---------

State and Private Institutions

State Institutions.

NAME OF INSTITUTION

COUNTY

POSTOFFICE

~~

No. of Pupils

<I
.:

~

z~o...<._I 'I--AWd-mh-iitt-etde--1'5~<:I>8< BRANCHES TAUGHT

I ~~ MIF M F ITot.

DEGREES CONFERRED

1 University of I Clarke

Georgia

)

GeIonrdguiastriaSl Ctaotle- Chatham

lege for Colored

Youths______

Athens Savannah

40 __ 502

502

13 2 Cl olor ed
218 81 299

9{

vsualacientific~tnd I lIterary courses I

1Jf

A. B., A. BB.. LA., B.

M.,} S._,

79

{Common and Hgh { A. B., A. M

_1

School.

I

8

Actahdeebmlmr d___f_o_r { Bibb

Macon

No Rep ort.

School for the Deaf Floyd

Cave Spring__ No Rep ort.

g:i~ne:e,ri,nnl,Jg'~,~lEil~e:n-

trical En,pnee

B. S. in Me-

ing, TextIle E

chanical, Ci-

gineering, En

vil, Electri-

neering Che .

cal and Tex-

try, Chemis!l) ,

tile Eng;-

Georgia School {

ArchiteetureM th-

n!3erin~, En-

33

SNuig~hJt:Srcch~o~o~L~_f_____ =~!~~===== __ ~_t~~~~~~~== -__- 4_3_

5~~ 80

==::

====

==_=_

ematics, E!'I!

gmeenng

lish, Physic! . I , Chemistry,

Drawing: M

Chemistry,

TotaL

689

_

ehanical Fr!'l hand and Arch -

taencdtureA_r_c_h_i_-

tectural; Mode Langua!1les, Ge

'"l-'

*Cost to Institution

ogy, Mmeralo y

and Physic I

Culture.

NoArgthricuGlteuOrarlgia} Lumpkin College

Dahlonega

11 1 190 30 220

9

{

Usual . Courses.

c

Olle

i

I {A.BB. .,S. BA. gSri.., } 16 E.M.,B.Ph.

Math.,English, L er-

ature, Expre. ion

Science, Man'l rts

Geog. and Na ure

Study, EI"n en-

SCthaitledrNenorimn aPl. SSch. Clarke

Athens

922 79 465 *514342 39_

tary Age, L. tin, Greek, German,

L. L

French, Histo y &

_ 45

TotaL

676 _

Civics, Dom stic Arts and Scie~es,

Physical Cult\1re,

Common School

Music, lust. Mus-

ic, Psy. and Peda-

gogy, Practice

Teaching.

*Not Count ingchildren in pr ac Itice scho 01, 132.

.... ;.,
>o:,Oo;,"kk~

35,000 $59,000

1,000

500

NAME AND TITLE OF PRESIDING OFFICER

David C. Barrow $495,000 $425000 { Chancellor.

{ R.

R.

Wright, A. L.L.D.

M.,

5,262 $35,000 1,186 I

{ K. G. Matheson, A.

505,000 -------

M., L.L.D.

4,200 $2,500 $100 70,000.00 ------. G. R. Glenn.

6,783 5,000

8,30 17,500 15,000 E. C. Branson, { President.

GcaonrgdiaIndNuOstrrmiaall} Baldwin

College

_

Milledgeville_ 62\1

551 551

\ Collegiate, Normal \

9 l Industrial.

l

_ 3,500 _.

.. __ 250,000

M. M. Parks, Proal

Denominational and Private Institutions,

NAME OF INSTITUTION

COUNTY

AgCnoelslege Scott "J\ DeKalb ~{ercerUniversity- Bibb Emory College Newton Cox College and {
Conservatory _ Fulton
LaleGgreange Col- "J\ Troup

Brenau College_._ - HaiL

POSTOFFICE

Decatur Macon Oxford

414 24 __ 14 --

College Park_ 618

La Grange 416

Gainesville__ 825

White
IM F [Tot.
146 146 362 171
200 200
201 201
395

Collegiate,

B.A

_

9 Arts, Law and Pharmacy A.B.&L.L.B _

Collegiate.

A.B., S. B., Ph. B.,

A.M

_

8%; Literary, Music, Art. A. B

_

Standard Curriculum of the M. E.

1 Church, South, for

9~

lAe.geB. DDeepgarertem, Cenotl-,

High School De-

{

h... B. Music,
Art, Express'n

JI

partment, Art De-

partment, Music Department, Expression Depart-

All {A. ment. concsoelrlveagtioartey saunbd- }

BB. .L,., BB.. MS._, {

iects.

Besles~~ee_T_.if_t. _C_o_I_' { Monroe

Forsyth.---- 616

303 303

AnCdorlelewge_F_e_m__a_l_e { Randolph Cuthbert

39

129

ShorterCollege Floyd------- Rome

723

246 -- __

Young L. G.} Towns .' Harris College

Young Female

College

} Thomas

Westeyan Female College_ -

"\

Bibb

Young Harris__ __ __ __ 6 4 265 160 425

'IThomasvi~"'- N 0 Rep ort.

Macon

No Rep ort

9 Lictaelr,aarlJyi,nMsturusimc,e(nvtos)- ) A. M., B. L

_

f Expression, Art & Domestic Sciences. Regular A. B. & Ph. } A, B., B. L , _

i9 B.& B.L.courses.

9 All regular college A. B., B. L., B. S __

branches.

"\

English, Mathema-}

8).2 }

tics, Science, Latin, Greek.

A.. B., B. S

_

NAME AND TITLE OF PRESIDING OFFICER

4 85 30

4,000 24,000 30,000

____________

28,000

__

________ 60 00 __

323,553.86 300,000.00 200,000.00

10,000 F. H. Gaines, President 350,000 S. Y. Jameson, Pres't. 239,000 {Rex. James E. Dick-

ey,D.D.

8 5,000 -------- -------- --------

John W. Gaines, Pres't

28 3,100 2,800

J President Rufus W.
6 00 1 85,000.80 23,189"\ Smith, A. M.

35 3,500

1tf. __ 5 00 __ __ __ __ __ _____

J ~ear~:.nHoose,

J Associate Pres't

30 2,~il7 3,537 10 00 20 2,287.00

C. H. S. JacIDron, Pres't

10 2,000 14 5,000 24 1,200

5,ooQ
1,200

$ 5 00 1 00,000.00 10 00 200,000.00

_ Rev. J. W. Molone,

i 45,00

A.M.,D.D. Thomas J. Simmons,
A.M.,L.L.D.,Pres.

1 50 50,000.00 5,000 J. A. Sharp.

Negro Institutions.

NAME OF fNSrITUTION

COUNTY

Atlanta Ulllver- }

POSTOFFICE

- .0.!:.J,
Z0,."..
M[F

.: No. of Pupils eI ~

Admitted -5:><

White

":0 ::.8-

..c;

MI F ITot. ~a:l

,
!
BRANCHES TAUanT
'j,
__J
'o~-,

'" ~ DEGREES
CONFERRED

~~bOlolo~ liZ"oi~iQ8:b~l~tl

., S";....,
o"l"i
>~
oel
Z~

sity (a College, Normal School

Fulton ______ Atlanta _____ 613 122 217 339

8

course, HighSc

*3~ ye hool COIrn

Ier

{A. B. for col- {

Sanchdool) __H__ig__h

2-year ~orma course followin

lege work __

10 13,000

Hi~h School.

Enghsh, Latin, GJ ek,

Clark University _" Fulton ___ ___ S. AtlantaSta 617 185 391 576 8

SMcaiethnceems,atiAcs~~"e ) ture, Manual.t '-

{4 BtP.eAd ._,__9__B_. {

13 2,000

in~,

Domest c

t Bachelor of Pedag ogy.

SCIence.

ii Arithmetici. GraIlll ar, Gcaelo<feeoapg. cPa~dK: ,

Rhetoric, A1~~ ,

Geometry,



Greek, Germ_,!, Trigon'metry, H~ tory; America~

SP~~~~__ ~~~i~ { Fulton ______ Atlanta _____ __ 50 ---- ---- 675 8

Literature,Englis Literature, Eth!c , SociololTh' Psyeh [}
E~catio~:arped

A. B _____________

1 4,485

~gy Dressmal mg, Cooking, Se,

ing, Basket~, A riculture, illin ry,

Printing, Vocal I!1"trumental M~

M:~~'ematics "!li

Paine College _____ Richmond ___ Augusta_____ 10 9 -- --

41 5 8

Color ed

6

8 148

Economics, Theola gy, English Litera ture and Philosc ~h'y, . Languag_"" CIences and In dustries, Music.

{AB.. DB..,,DA. .DM___.,{

7 2,000

Morris Brown COJ.-iFUltOn------ Atlanta _____ 10 15 -- -- ----

} Collegiate, Theologi

25 8~

cal, Science, A~a demic, Normal, In'

A. B., B. D_______

dustrial.

J

22 3,000

-0; ...,.
>~".:..":e1

~;..,,,*
r::::l'S"'d
~f..-,rdn ~~ t

-,-
.",

-

- _.
..,

:a]~

P4"S

.,0.

",," Q)t'I).....
~'~r$

._--

;:;

<:i
<S5:'0

"~
."0,

Q

NAME AND TITLE OF PRESIDING OFFICER

00.

""

6 00 35,000 10 75 250,000.00 72,000 Edward T. Ware, Pres.

2,500 1 77 70,000.00 11,100 Wm. H. Crogtns.n.

1,794 3 60 304,657.45 115,800 Harriet E. Giles, Pres.

{ Rev. Geo. Wms.

2,000 __ ------ 53,783.75 34,257

Walker, D. D.Pres

1,500

1 00 100,000.00 - .. ----- E.W.Lee,D.D.Pres't.

,,,-oJ
APPORTIONMENTS.

580

APPORTIONMENT OF SCHOOL FUND, 1909. APPROPRIATION, $2,250,000.

COUNTIES.

COUNTY
Appling Baker Baldwin Banks Bartow Ben HilL Berrien Bibb Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts calhoun Camden
CampbelL CarrolL Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee ColquitL Columbia coweta Crawford Crisp Dade
Dawson Decatur
DeKalb Dodge ~ Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel -

Apportionment

COUNTY

Apportionment

_ $10,325 94 Fannin

_

6,676 83 Fayette

_

13,859 30 Floyd

_

9,865 99 Forsyth

_

21,85505 Franklin

_

5,59855 Fulton

_

16,74433 Gilmer

_

50.402 16 Glascock

_

18,550 14 Glynn

_

6,140 73 Gordon

_

22,39723 Grady

_

25,217 83 Greene

_

11,291 52 GwinnetL

_

10,472 14 Habersham

_

6,015 84 HaIL

~

_

10,636 63 Hancock-

_

27,377 44 Haralson

_

5,431,01 Harris

_

3,944 57 Hart __ ~

_

64,620 89 Heard

_

5,415 78 Henry

_

11,233 64 HOl,lston

_

14,928.44 Irwin

_

7,511 43 Jack~on

_

8,623 22 Jasper

_

9,957 37 Jeff Davis

_

6,18642 Jefferson

_

17,803 87 Jenkins

_

14,246 14 Johnson

_

12,717 05 Jones

_

10,067 03 Laurens

_

22,820 63 Lee

_

9,080 12 Liberty

_

9,238 51 Lincoln

_

3,694 80 Lowndes

_

4,319 23 Lumpkin

_

22,543 44 Macon

_

15,735 64 Madison

_

17,660 70 Marion

_

17,04541 McDuffie

_

12,126 12 McIntosh

_

8,793 80 Meriwether

_

12,915 04 Miller

_

2,656 11 Milton

_

8,157 18 MitcheIL

_ _

17,392 66 Monroe 22,595 22 Montgomery

_ $11,535 20

_ _

9,62840 20,75544

_

10,408 18

_

13,353 66

_

24,882 77

_

8,248 57

_

3,996 35

_

11,471 23

_

13,454 18

_

15,473 68

_

16,881 11

_

23,463 34

_

8,391 73

_

18,044 50

_

21,660 10

_

12,723 14

_

17,386 57

~ __

12,208 35

_

10,843 76

_

18,443 53

_

21,053 95

_

7,764 25

_

23,240 98

_

13,545 56

_

4,133 42

_

19,302 50

_

10,012 20

_

12,238 82

_

14,556 83

_

26,061 57

_

8,431 33

_

11,325 03

_

7,633 27

_

20,929 06

_

4,465 43

_

12,098 71

_

14,425 85

_

8,732 88

_

10,615 31

_

6,213 84

_

27,474 92

_

7,389 59

_

6,448 38

_

18,355 19

_

18,772 50

_

17,651 57

APPORTIONMENT OF SCHOOL FUND, 1909-Continued.

COUNTY

Morgan

_

Murray

_

Muscogee

_

Newton

_

Oconee

__

Oglethorpe

_

Paulding

_

Pickens

_

Pierce

_

Pike

_

Polk

_

PulaskL

_

Putnam "

_

Quitman

_

Rabun

_

Randolph

_

Richmond

_

Rockdale

_

Schley

_

Screven __.

_

Spalding

_

Stephens

_

Stewart

_

SUIl\ter

-

_

TalboL

_

Taliaferro

_

Apportionment

COUNTY

$15,525 8,802

46 94

TattnalL Taylor

12,196 18 Telfair~_.:~ ~

16,274 77 TerrelL

9,262 88 Thomas

16,731 68 12,622 62

Tift Toombs

7,493 8,991 16,734

16 7.9 7.2

Towns Troup Turner

17,965 31 Twiggs

18,029 27 13,518 15

Union Upson

4,215 66 Walker

5,095 96 18,507 49

Walton Ware

52,738 44 Warren

5,635 10 5,004 58

Washington Wayne

18,544 05 Webster

11,264 11 White

5,753 89 14,803 56

whitfield Wilcox

18,108 65 Wilkes

11,127 04 7,081 95

Wilkinson Worth

Apportionment.

_ _

$16,984 49 10,143 18

_

11,242 78

_ _ _ _
_ _
_

16,018 91 18,894 34
6,381 37 9,591 85 3,728 30 16,792 60 6,966 20

_ _ _

10,828 53 6,597 63
16,713 40

_

15,708 22

_ _

20,447 80 6,935 74

_

9,847 72

_ _

27,654 63 9,786 80

_

5,924 47

_

4,754 80

_ _

12,997 28 10,411 23

_

18,940 03

_ _

9,741 11 16,509 32

582

APPORTIONMENT OF SCHOOL FUND, 1909. APPROPRIATION, $2,250,000.
LOCAL TAX SYSTEMS.

CITY
Ade!
AdrIa~
Amerlcus Ashburn Athens Atlanta Bainbridge Barnesville Blackshear Blakely Bluffton Boston Canon Clarkston Cedar Grove Cochran Columbus Commerce Conyers Cordele covington 0awson I>ecatur Dexter Doerun Douglas Dublin East PoinL Fairfax Fitzgerald Flintstone Gainesville Glennville Griffin IIaralson

I Apportion-

ment

I-

-----
$ 1,382'88

!

798 05

_ _ _

6,229 07 1,568 69 9,506 57

_

80,146 35

_

3,764 86

_

2,869 33

_

862 02

_

2,592 15

_

1,352 42

_ _

904 66 1,160 53

_

234 54

_ _

213 22 1,529 09

_

15,708 22

_ _

1,769 73 1,428 57

_

4,179 11

_

1,967 72

_ _ _

2,439 85 1,788 00
581 79

_

508 68

_ _

2,077 37 4,523 31

_

2,281 45

_

356 38

_

3,929 34

_

249 77

_

5,06245

_

709 72

_

6,250 39

_

880 29

CITY
IIartwell IIawkinsville IIaz.elhurst IIogansville rnman
Jesup Kirkwood La Fayette La Grange Lawrenceville Lumber City Madison Marble IIill Marietta Menlo Moultrie Newnan Nicholls Oakland City Ocilla PinehursL Pineview Rome RoswelL Royston St. Marys Stone Mountain THton
Thomasville Toccoa
Waresboro Waycross West PoinL Willacoochee Winder

Apportionment

J
I

$1,623 52 2,321 05

I

813 28

' _

1,105 70 517 82

_

1,172 71

_

67621

_

1,102 65

_

6,280 85

_

1,005 18

_

1,032 59

_

1,462 08

_

237 59

_

4,042 04

_

944 26

_

2,336 28

--

3,539" 45

_

846 79

_

1,224 49

_

1,562 60

_

408 16

_ _

612 25 7,883 05

_

989 95

_

1,117 88

_

612 25

_ _

8:U 56 1,641 79

_ _

4,983 26 2,183 98

_

380 75

_

6,551 95

_

2,278 41

_

819 38

_

1,678 35

583

TOTAL NUMBER AND VALUE OF SCHOOL BOOKS SOLD DURING FIVE YEAR ADOPTION.

Graded Literature, 1st Reader 258,000 at 20 cts

_

Graded Literature 2nd Reader 137,500 at 25 cts

_

Lee's Third Reader

189,014 at 30 cts

_

Lee's Fourth Reader

147,132 at 35 cts

_

Lee's Fifth Reader

53,831 at 35 cts

_

Bacon's Primary Arithmetic

22 cts

_

Wentworth's Practical Arithmetic~

-40 cts

_

Milne's Standard Arithmetic

37,640 at 45 cts

_

Hyde's Course in English

119,984 at 25 cts

_

Reed and Kellogg

50,000 at 35 cts

_

Buehler's Modern Eng. Grammar__ 36,182 at 50 ets

_

Frye's Elementary Geography

-40 cts

_

Frye's Higher Geography

___ 88 cts

_

Beginner's History of our Country _ 82 000 at 40 ets

_

Field's History United States

67,122 at 65 cts

_

Evan's History Georgia

23,432 at 60 cts

_

Hunnicutt's Agriculture

55 cts

_

Hutcheson's Physiology Conn's Physiology

35,000 at 35 cts

_

50 cts

_

Coleman's Physiology _. _____ 12,000 at 70 cts

_

Peterman's Civil Government.

24,812 at 54 cts

_

Wheeler's Primer Holton's Primer

87,758 at 25 cts__ -------_

11,000 at 19 ets

_

Branson's Speller

338,041 at 13 cts

_

Swinton's Word Book

214,202 at 12 cts

_

Roudebush Copy Books

354,800 at 5 cts

_

$51,600 00 34,375 00 56,704 20 51,496 20 18,840 85 45,512 72 30,631 60 16,938 00 29,99600 17,500 00 18,091 00 36,919 20 45,670 24 32,800 00 43,629 35 13,993 00 12,100 00 12,250 00 17,00000 8,160 00 13,398 48 21,939 50 2,090 00 43,945 33 25,704 24 17,74000

T~tal

_ 749,024 91

J

1!1 d'l

584

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.

HOKE SMITH, President

Governor

JERE M. POUND, Executive OfficerJOHN C. HART

State School Commissioner Attorney-General

PHILIP COOK

Secretary of State

WM. A. WRIGHT

Comptroller-General

E. C. MERRY Secretary of Board.

COUNTY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS, GEORGIA.

COUNTY

Appling

Baker

.

Baldwin

Banks

Bartow

Ben HilL

Berrien

Bibb

Brooks __ '

Bryan

Bulloch

Burke

Butts

- Calhoun

Camden

CampbelL

CarroIL

Catoosa

Charlton

Chatham

Chattahoochee

Chattooga

Cherokee

Clarke

Clay

Clayton

Clinch

Cobb

Coffee

Colquitt

Columbia

Coweta

Crawford

Crisp"

Dade

Dawson

Decatur

DeKalb

Dodge

Dooly

Dougherty

Douglas

Early

Echols

Effingham

Elbert

NAME

POST-OFFICE

H. J. Parker

Baxley.

Henderson Hall, Jr

Newton.

R. N. Lamar

Milledgeville.

G. G. Strange

Homer, R. F. D. No. 1.

Henry Milam

Cartersville.

R. J. Prentiss

Fitzgerald.

W. G. Avera

Nashville.

C. B. Chapman

~ __ Macon.

S. S. Bennett-

Quitman.

Edward Benton

Pembroke.

J. E. Brannen

Statesboro.

E. B. Gresham

Waynesboro.

C. S. Maddox

Jackson.

J. J. Beck

Morgan.

J. O. Mangham

St. Marys.

F. J. Dodd

Fairburn;

J. S. Travis

Carrollton.

!. L. Magill

Ringgold, R. F. D. No.2.

L. E. Malfard

Folkston.

Otis Ashmore

Savannah.

C. N. Howard

Cusseta.

S. E. Jones

Summerville.

Jabez Galt

Canton.

T. H. Dozier

Athens.

E. R. King

Fort Gaines.

J.lI. Huie

Forest Park.

W. T. Dickerson

Homerville.

Bernard Awtrey

Marietta.

Melvin Tanner

Douglas.

John E. HoweIL

Moultrie.

B. P. Jordan.

Grovetown.

V. A. Ham

Newnan.

- J. F. Hartley

Fort Valley, R. F. 1). 2.

J. W. Bivins-

Cordele.

G. A. R. Bible

Sulphur Springs.

A. W. Vandiviere

Dawsonville.

J. S. BradwelL

Bainbridge.

L. J. Steele

Decatur.

M. L. Burch

Eastman.

E. G. Greene

Vienna.

R. H. Warren

Albany.

G. T. McLarty

Douglasville.

Byron Collins

Blakely.

- J. G. Prine

Statenville.

A. E. Bird

Guyton.

J. N. Wall

Elberton.

COUNTY
EmanueL Fannin Fayette Floyd
Forsyth Franklin Fulton
Gilmer_" Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady
Greene Gwinnett Habersham HalL Hancock
Haralson Harris HartHeard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper
Jeff Davis
Jefferson Jenkins
Johnson Jones Laurens Lee Liberty
Lincoln Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie Mclntosh Meriwether Miller
Milton Mitchell Monroe
Montgomery__ .: Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton
Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Pickens Pierce Pike
Polk PulaskiPutnam Quitman Rabun
Randolph

585
NAME
Edward Warren J. M. Clement W. N. D. Dixon J. C. King -C. L. Harris J. W. Landrum M. L. Brittain W. H. Allen E. B. Rogers N. H. Ballard J. G. B. Edwin, Jr J. B. Wight
W. A. Purks __ C. R. Ware
-C. W. GrantR. L. Blackwell M. L. Duggan John W. White T. L. Thomason B.. H. Pearman Hope H. Cook Lawrence Duffey G. W. Smith J. W. Weaver R. D. Moore W. A. Reid T. J. Ellis H. E. Smith W. V. Lanier
A. J. M. Robinson E. W. Sammons J. T. Smith J. R. Long E. B. Way Dr. W. B. Crawford -C. L. Smith Carl Shultz J. P. Nelson J. A. Griffeth ~ __ T. B. Rainey M. W. Dunn -C. M. Tyson W. S. Howell W. 1. Geer G. D. Rucker J. H. PowelL T. H. Phinazee
A. B. Hutcheson F. L. Florence W. D. Gregory J. M. Moon A. H. Foster J. W. McWhorter R. M. Bacon J. S. Turner J. H. Little J. A. Harper G. B. RidleY J. E. HouseaL R. C. Sanders W. C. Wright H. M. Kaigler L. M. Chastain
Walter McMichaeL

POST-OFFICE
Swainsboro. Mineral Bluff. Fayetteville. Rome.
Cumming. Carnesville. Atlanta.
Ellijay. Gibson. Brunswick: Calhoun. Cairo.
Greensboro. Lawrenceville. Clarkesville. Gainesville. Sparta.
Buchanan. Chipley. Hartwell. Cooksville. McDonough. Perry. Ocilla. Jefferson. Monticello
Hazelhurst.
Bartow. Millen.
Wrightsville. Gray. Dublin. Leesburg. Flemington.
Lincolnton. Valdosta. Dahlonega. Oglethorpe. Danielsville. Buena Vista. Thomson. Darien. Greenville. Colquitt.
Alpharetta. Camilla. Forsyth.
Mt. Vernon. Madison. Cohutta Springs. Columbus. Covington.
Watkinsville. Stephens. Dallas. Jasper. Blackshear. Zebulon.
Cedartown. Hawkinsville. Eatonton. Georgetown. Clayton.
Cuthbert.

COUNTY
Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Spalding Stephens StewarL
Sumpter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair
TerrelL Thomas TifL Toombs Towns Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker
Walton Ware Warren
Washington Wayne Webster
White Whitfield Wilcox-
Wilkes Wilkinson Worth

586

NAME

POST-OFFICE

Lawton B. Evans

Augusta.

T. D. O'Kelley

Conyers.

E. L. Bridges

Ellaville.

H. J. ArneL

~ __ Sylvania.

J. O. A. Miller

Pomona.

N. R. C. Ramey

Toccoa.

W. T. Halliday

Lumpkin.

W. S. Moore

Americus.

O. D. Gorman

Talbotton.

So J. Flynt

Sharon.

1. S. Smith

Reidsville.

A. S. Wallace

Butler.

T. P. Windsor

McRae.

H. A. Wilkinson K. T. MacLean

Dawson. Thomasville.

William R. Smith

Fender.

~

P. A. McQueen

Vidalia.

R. A Kimsey

Hiawassee.

W. C. Davidson

La Grange.

F. H. Taylor

.__ Rebecca.

B. S. Fitzpatrick

Fitzpatrick.

C. S. Mauney

Blairsville.

R. D. Shuptrine

Thomaston.

C. M. Conley

La Fayette.

R. L. Paine

Social Circle.

J. M. Markey

Waycross.

B. H. Ivey

Warrenton.

c _ Wade H. Wood B. D. PurceIL

Sandersville. Jesup.

G. W. Sims

Weston.

G. S. Kytle

~ __ Cleveland.

J. C. Sapp

Dalton.

E. S. Hamilton

Abbeville.

J. M. Pitner

Washington.

J. S. Wood

Irwinton.

L. D. Passmore

Sylvester.

Books Adopted by the State School Book Commis-
sion for Five Years,- Beginning \ January 1,.1 909

COURSE OF STUDY.

FIRST READER CLASSES.
SECOND READER CLASSES.

Reading

Writing

Arithmetic

_G_Es_n~agm_.nsL_~e_ns_a-~_._'1_H_isC_tio_Vr_IrC_Sa_'n_d_ I__s_p_e_ll_in_g_.

I

y1

G_e_o_gr_a_p_h__, P_h_y_SI_O' _IO_gy_._ 1__A_g_r_iC_u_I_tu_r_e_._

Wheeler Pri-

Copying

mer Graded words and

Literature. sentences on

II Counting
and writing numbers to

I
Oral Lan-

Stories told Words from

Short Stories

First Reader. Tablet or 100.0ral Num- guage Les- by the Teach the Reading

on Life.

Slate. Book 1 ber Work.

sons.

er.

Lessons.

Writing Hour.
1----- ---1----1----1-----1-----1-----

Graded Litera-I ture. Second

Book II II Wentworth's

Oral Lan-

Oral Repro-

Branson's

Reader. Writing Hour. New Elemen- guage Les- duction of Speller Book

I Oral Work
in Nature

Oral Nature

(SuPl'lemen-

tary Arithme- sons. Sen- Stories. I to page 40.

Study.

Studies.

tary Reading

tic.

tence Writ-

Optional).

ing. I

THIRD READER CLASSES.

Lee Reader: Book Three. (Supplementary Reading Pptional).

Book III Writing Hour.

Wentworth's Oral Lan-

New Elemen- guage Les-

tary.

sons Simple

Composition.

Written Reproduction of Stories.

Oral Work

Branson's

in Nature

Speller Book Study, Home

I to page 70. Geography, etc

Training of the Five Senses.

Oral Nature Studies.

FOURTH READER

Lee Reader: Book Four. (Supplemen-

Book IV Writing Hour

Wentworth's New Elemen-

Hyde's Eng. Beginner's Lessons; History of Part lour Country.

Branson's Speller Book I Completed.

Lessons on

Soils, Rocks

Frye's Elcmen- Proper care and I and Minerals.

tary Geography Training of the Germination of

to page 87.

Body. Food Seed Varieties,

and Digestion. Growth, Care

Optional).

CLASSES

I_ta_ry_R_e_a_d_in_g_I

- - - - - - - 1I

I t_a_ry__ _ I

+

I

I

I

I

Trees. Habits I_aan_ondf_dTA_rnue_imasetsam_lOse._nft_
Fruit Trees:

FIFTH READER

Frye's Elemen- Oral Lessons Budding and

~e~ot;F'i~~~:
(Supplemen-

I l::~~~ffPs. Book V

Wentworth's \IHyde Book

Writing Hour. New Elemen_I Completed.

i!~~g~~i~ \ ta&;~~le~~'t.hYI ~~~fi~~! ture.

i~i~:~~:~,
Garden. Have

CLASSES.

I tary Reading Optional).

tary Arithmetic.

pupils display models and

I

drawi_ngs of

farm Imple-

ments.

SIXTH GRADE CLASSES.

Ev8.D8' His-
tory of Goor-
gla, begun. (SuPi'i;mentary ading Optional).

Book VI r Wentworth's Writing Hour. Practical
Arithmetic.

Hyde Book II

Field's History of U. S.

Swinton's Word Book to page 91.

I I FGreyoeg'sraHphigyhteor

Simple ExperiOral Lessons. ments in Phy-

chapter 68, page Al,plication of sics and Che-

106, and Geor- aws of Hy- mistry. Che-

gia Supple- giene. PhysiCal mistl{' of Cook-

ment.

Oulture.

mg.

SEVENTH GRADE CLASSES.

Evans' His- Book VII Wentworth's

Peterman's

tory of Geor- Writing Hour. Practical

Civil Govern- Swinton's

gia, Completed

Arithmetic, Hyde Book ment (Goor- Word Book

I

Completed.

I

I

II

I I gia Edition). Completed. PartI } and

~

Frye's Higher Geography, Completed.
Review Pages 1 to 33.
Use Topical Index, page 6.

Hutcheson's Lessons in
Physiology and Hygiene.

Hunnicutt's Agriculture for the Common Schools.

This Course of Study indicates the order in which the text-books should be studied. The time required to complete each division
of the work will vary. The work in each of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh divisions may require eight, nine or ten months. In schools having only one teacher, it may be necessary to alternate two studies.
Composition work should be stressed; letters, sketches, essays, written exercises in connection with the regular lessons. The School Law requires pupils to take all the studies iIi their respective grades. Require every pupil to take the annual written examinations. Those pupils of the seventh grade, the highest grade in the common schools, who make an average of 80% in the annual
examination, will receive a Certificate. JERE M. POUND. State School Commissi

BOOKS ADOPTED FOR THE COMMON SCHOOLS OF GEORGIA, 1909-1914.

SUBJECT

BOOK ADOPTED AND PUBLISHER.

I CLOTH Retail Exch'ge Price Price

BOARDS
Retail Exch'ge Price Price

Primer______________ Readers _____________

Wheeler's Graded Primer. Wheeler & Co_______________________ * Graded Literature, First Reader. Chas. E. Merrill Co ____________ *

25 20

Graded Literature, Second Reader. Chas. E. Merrill Co __________ * 25

Lee's Third Reader. American Book Co_________________________ Lee's Fourth Reader. American Book Co _______________________ Arithmetic___________ LW Weeeenn'sttwwFioofrrttthhh''Rss eNParedawecrt.EiclaeAlm. meneGrtaiicnraynn.&BCGoooi_kn_nC_&o___C__o____________________________________________________________________

30 35
35 25
40

Grammar_____ ~ ______ Hyde's Two Book Course in English. Book 1. D. C. Heath & Co __ 25

10
10 13 15
17 17 12 20
12

--
--
-25 30 30
--22

--
--
-12 15 15
--
-11

Hyde's Two Book Course in English. Book 2. D. C. Heath & Co __ 46

23

40

20

Geography___________ Frye's Elementary Geography. Ginn & Co ______________________ Frye's Higher Geography. Ginn&Co __________________________
History _____________ Beginner's History of Our Country. Southern Pub. Co ___________ *

40
88 40

Field's History of the United States. American Book Co __________ 65

Evans' History of Georgia. American Book Co___________________ 60

Agriculture __________ Hunnicutt's Agriculture. Cultivator Pub. Co _____________ ~ _____ * 55

Physiology __________ HutMcheersriolln'CsoL_e_s_s_o_n_s_i_n_P__h_y_s_io_l_o_g_y_a_n__d_H__y_g_ie_n_e_.___B_o__o_k_1_.___C_h_a_s_. _E_. Civics_______________ PeteCrommapna'snyC_iv_i_l_G__o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_.___(G__e_o_r_g_ia__E_d_i_ti_o_n_)_.___A_m__e_r_ic_a_n__B__o_o_k
Spelling _____________ Brlinson'sSpeller. Book 1. B. F. Johnson Pub. Co ______________

35
54 --

Swinton's Word Book. (Special Edition). American Book Co_____ Writing _____________ Writing Hour Series. Seven Numbers. Chas. E. Merrill Co_______ *

--
--

20 44 20 32 30 27
17
27
------

--
--
------
--
44 13 12 05

---- --
----
--
22 06 06 --

*These should be ordered from the Southern School Book Depository, 12-16 Trinity Ave., Atlanta, Ga. The other publishers all have Atlanta offices. In case of a scarcity of Books, write the publishers at Atlanta. It is to their interest to keep the counties supplied.

591

INDEX.

Accredited High Schools

Page 358

Agriculture, State College of

300

North Georgia College of

296

Agricultural High Schools:

Third District, Report of

313

Fifth District, Report of

318

Sixth District, Report of

320

Seventh District, Report of

323

Ninth District, Report of

325

Tenth District, Report of

326

Tabulated Reports of

571

Appropriations, Enrollment and Census of Former Years

" 572

Apportionments to Counties

580

Apportionments to Local Tax Systems

582

The Berry School at Rome

399

Blind, Academy For, The

375

Books, Number and Value of, Sold in Five Yflars of State Adoption 583

Books, List of, Adopted for Five years

590

Census of School Population

432

Census, Summary of .............. ,............................... 442

Compulsory Education, Report of Committee on...................... 423

County School Superintendents:

List of

584

Tabulated Reports of

446 to 536

Consolidated Reports of, for Local Tax Counties

" 532

Consolidated Reports of, for Non-Local Tax Counties

535

Review of School Work By

86 to 253

592

Deaf, School For, The

368

Denominational and Private Institutions

574

Ele_emosynary Institutions:

School for the Deaf

368

Academy for the Blind

375

Examinations Given During the Year

52 to 85

Federation of Woman's Clubs, Report of Fulton County Industrial Farm

416 ........................ 385

Georgia School of 'l'echnology, Report of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 259

Georgia Normal and Industrial College, Report of.................... 277 Georgia State College of Agriculture, Report of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 300 Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youths.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328 High Schools, Report of, by J. S. Stewart, Professor of Secondary

Education High School Associations High Schools:

329 to 367 351

Accredited . Agricultural, Reports of

358 313 to 326

Agricultural, Statistical Reports of

571

White, Statistical Reports of

562

Negro, Statistical Reports of

571

Industrial Schools:

The Berry School

399

Georgia School of Technology

259

Georgia Normal and Industrial College

277

State Industrial College for Colored Youths Instructions From the Department to County Superintendents Juvenile Protective Association Letter of State School Commissioner to the General Assembly

328 34 to 51
394 5 to 33

Letters of Instruction From State School Commissioner Library, Free Traveling, of Seaboard Air Line Railway Local Tax Counties:

34 to 51 42~

Statistical Reports of ..

446 to 536

Consolidated Reports of

'.'

"

532

593

Local Tax Systems:'

Statistical Reports of

537 to 557

Consolidated Reports of

556

Negro Colleges, Statistical Reports of

575

Negro High Schools

571

Non-Local Tax Counties:

Statistical Reports of

.446 to 536

Consolidated Reports of

535

Normal Schools:

State Normal School, Report of

270

Normal and Industrial College, Report of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 277

North Georgia Agricultural College

296

Penal Institutions:

Fulton County Industrial Farm

385

Juvenile Protective Association

394

School Work, Review of, by County School Commissioners

86 to 253

School for the Deaf

368

School Improvement Association, Report of

403

Seaboard Air Line Free Traveling Library

, 428

State Normal School, Report of

270

State Institutions, Statistical Tables of

, 573

Summary of the Census

442

Summary of Statistics for Local Tax Counties, Non-Local Tax Counties

and Local Tax Systems

559

Summer School of the University

287

University of Georgia, Report of

254

University Summer School

287

\Voman's Club Work, Reports of

'"

, .. 403 to 429