Georgia physician workforce: PCSA reports, 2008 39 PCSA physician standard report, included counties: Clayton

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 1

Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1
1.3
1.7 1.3

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

1

0.4

Physician Need
4

Status Deficit: -3

4

Deficit: -3

4

Deficit: -3

2

Deficit: -1

5

Deficit: -4

3

Deficit: -2

3

Deficit: -2

3

Deficit: -2

5

Deficit: -4

3

Deficit: -2

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 4 5 4 2 5 4 3
4
5 4

Physician Specialty Anesthesiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0
7.0
7.6

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

14

5.3

Physician Need
37

Status Deficit: -23

26

Deficit: -12

24

Deficit: -10

24

Deficit: -10

16

Deficit: -2

10

Surplus: 4

24

Deficit: -10

19

Deficit: -5

20

Deficit: -6

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 43 30 28 27 18 12 28
22
23

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 2

Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9
3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

14

5.3

Physician Need
20

Status Deficit: -6

14

Adequate 0

13

Surplus: 1

8

Surplus: 6

8

Surplus: 6

5

Surplus: 9

8

Surplus: 6

10

Surplus: 4

7

Surplus: 7

11

Surplus: 3

9

Surplus: 5

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 23 17 15 10 9 6 9
11 8 13 11

Physician Specialty Dermatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

2

0.8

Physician Need
10

Status Deficit: -8

7

Deficit: -5

7

Deficit: -5

7

Deficit: -5

7

Deficit: -5

6

Deficit: -4

7

Deficit: -5

4

Deficit: -2

4

Deficit: -2

6

Deficit: -4

8

Deficit: -6

6

Deficit: -4

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 11 9 8 9 8 7 8 5 4 6 10 7

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 3

Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3
2.7
12.4 6.2

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

14

5.3

Physician Need
28

Status Deficit: -14

15

Deficit: -1

14

Adequate 0

14

Adequate 0

18

Deficit: -4

14

Adequate 0

7

Surplus: 7

33

Deficit: -19

16

Deficit: -2

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 32 17 16 17 21 16
8
38 19

Physician Specialty

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism

National Physician Standards*

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.

AMA

1.8

Two Mature HMO

1.1

Adjusted FTE

1.0

GMENAC

0.8

Kaiser Portland

0.9

7 Kaiser Plans

1.1

GHC Seattle

Three HMOs

0.6

Goodman

Hicks & Glenn

Solucient

Average Requirement

0.9

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

1

0.4

Physician Need
5

Status Deficit: -4

3

Deficit: -2

3

Deficit: -2

2

Deficit: -1

2

Deficit: -1

3

Deficit: -2

2

Deficit: -1

2

Deficit: -1

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 6 3 3 2 3 3
2
3

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 4

Physician Specialty Family Practice
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0
9.2
16.2 22.5 23.6

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

32

12.1

Physician Need
84

Status Deficit: -52

121

Deficit: -89

113

Deficit: -81

67

Deficit: -35

44

Deficit: -12

29

Surplus: 3

24

Surplus: 8

43

Deficit: -11

60

Deficit: -28

63

Deficit: -31

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 97 141 131 78 51 34
28
50 69 73

Physician Specialty Gastroenterology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
4.2 3.1
3.2 1.7 1.7
1.3
3.5 2.4

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

5

1.9

Physician Need
11

Status Deficit: -6

8

Deficit: -3

8

Deficit: -3

5

Adequate 0

5

Adequate 0

3

Surplus: 2

9

Deficit: -4

6

Deficit: -1

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 13 10
10 5 5
4
11 7

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 5

Physician Specialty Infectious Disease
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.6
0.8

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

3

1.1

Physician Need
6

Status Deficit: -3

2

Surplus: 1

2

Surplus: 1

2

Surplus: 1

3

Adequate 0

2

Surplus: 1

2

Surplus: 1

2

Surplus: 1

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 7 2 2 3 4 2 2
2

Physician Specialty Internal Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3
16.7
11.3 19.0 22.0

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

44

16.6

Physician Need
141

Status Deficit: -97

57

Deficit: -13

53

Deficit: -9

76

Deficit: -32

75

Deficit: -31

80

Deficit: -36

44

Adequate 0

30

Surplus: 14

50

Deficit: -6

58

Deficit: -14

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 164 66 62 89 87 93
51
35 59 68

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 6

Physician Specialty Nephrology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9
0.7 1.0

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

5

1.9

Physician Need
7

Status Deficit: -2

4

Surplus: 1

3

Surplus: 2

3

Surplus: 2

2

Surplus: 3

2

Surplus: 3

2

Surplus: 3

2

Surplus: 3

3

Surplus: 2

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 8 4 4 3 2 2 3
2 3

Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4
0.4
0.7
1.0

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

1

0.4

Physician Need
5

Status Deficit: -4

3

Deficit: -2

3

Deficit: -2

3

Deficit: -2

4

Deficit: -3

1

Adequate 0

2

Deficit: -1

3

Deficit: -2

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 6 3 3 3 4
1
2
3

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 7

Physician Specialty Neurology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2
2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

7

2.6

Physician Need
13

Status Deficit: -6

6

Surplus: 1

6

Surplus: 1

9

Deficit: -2

3

Surplus: 4

5

Surplus: 2

3

Surplus: 4

6

Surplus: 1

4

Surplus: 3

5

Surplus: 2

5

Surplus: 2

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 15 7 7 10 4 5 4
6 4 6 6

Physician Specialty OB/GYN
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

20

7.5

Physician Need
37

Status Deficit: -17

32

Deficit: -12

30

Deficit: -10

26

Deficit: -6

31

Deficit: -11

31

Deficit: -11

27

Deficit: -7

23

Deficit: -3

22

Deficit: -2

21

Deficit: -1

27

Deficit: -7

27

Deficit: -7

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 43 37 35 31 36 35 31 27 26 25 31 31

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 8

Physician Specialty Opthalmology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0
3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

8

3.0

Physician Need
16

Status Deficit: -8

16

Deficit: -8

15

Deficit: -7

12

Deficit: -4

6

Surplus: 2

8

Adequate 0

13

Deficit: -5

9

Deficit: -1

8

Adequate 0

13

Deficit: -5

11

Deficit: -3

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 18 18 17 14 7 10 15
11 10 15 13

Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

12

4.5

Physician Need
22

Status Deficit: -10

18

Deficit: -6

17

Deficit: -5

16

Deficit: -4

16

Deficit: -4

11

Surplus: 1

18

Deficit: -6

8

Surplus: 4

16

Deficit: -4

11

Surplus: 1

16

Deficit: -4

15

Deficit: -3

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 26 21 20 18 18 13 21 9 18 13 19 17

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 9

Physician Specialty Otolaryngology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.4 3.2
3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0
3.0

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

8

3.0

Physician Need
9

Status Deficit: -1

8

Adequate 0

8

Adequate 0

9

Deficit: -1

6

Surplus: 2

8

Adequate 0

8

Adequate 0

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 10 10
10 10 7 9
9

Physician Specialty Pathology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8
4.1
3.2

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

6

2.3

Physician Need
17

Status Deficit: -11

5

Surplus: 1

5

Surplus: 1

17

Deficit: -11

9

Deficit: -3

5

Surplus: 1

11

Deficit: -5

8

Deficit: -2

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 19 6 6 20 10 6
13
10

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 10

Physician Specialty Pediatrics
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0
9.8
7.6 13.9 13.0

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

37

13.9

Physician Need
66

Status Deficit: -29

44

Deficit: -7

41

Deficit: -4

33

Surplus: 4

32

Surplus: 5

42

Deficit: -5

26

Surplus: 11

20

Surplus: 17

37

Adequate 0

35

Surplus: 2

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 77 51 48 38 37 49
30
23 43 40

Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.4
1.1 0.3
0.4
1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

1

0.4

Physician Need
6

Status Deficit: -5

3

Deficit: -2

1

Adequate 0

1

Adequate 0

3

Deficit: -2

6

Deficit: -5

6

Deficit: -5

3

Deficit: -2

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 7
3 1
1
3 7 7 4

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 11

Physician Specialty Psychiatry
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1
7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

14

5.3

Physician Need
36

Status Deficit: -22

20

Deficit: -6

19

Deficit: -5

41

Deficit: -27

14

Adequate 0

11

Surplus: 3

19

Deficit: -5

10

Surplus: 4

15

Deficit: -1

19

Deficit: -5

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 42 24 22 47 16 13
22 12 18 22

Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4
1.4
1.3 1.5

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

7

2.6

Physician Need
9

Status Deficit: -2

5

Surplus: 2

5

Surplus: 2

4

Surplus: 3

4

Surplus: 3

3

Surplus: 4

4

Surplus: 3

4

Surplus: 3

3

Surplus: 4

4

Surplus: 3

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 11 6 6 4 4 3 4
4
4 5

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 12

Physician Specialty Radiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7
8.0
9.1

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

16

6.0

Physician Need
30

Status Deficit: -14

36

Deficit: -20

36

Deficit: -20

20

Deficit: -4

23

Deficit: -7

12

Surplus: 4

20

Deficit: -4

21

Deficit: -5

24

Deficit: -8

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 35 42 42 24 26 14 24
25
28

Physician Specialty Rheumatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7
0.4
1.3 0.8

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

2

0.8

Physician Need
4

Status Deficit: -2

3

Deficit: -1

3

Deficit: -1

2

Adequate 0

1

Surplus: 1

2

Adequate 0

2

Adequate 0

1

Surplus: 1

4

Deficit: -2

2

Adequate 0

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 5 3 3 2 1 2 2
1
4 2

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 13

Physician Specialty General Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

16

6.0

Physician Need
33

Status Deficit: -17

25

Deficit: -9

23

Deficit: -7

26

Deficit: -10

19

Deficit: -3

16

Adequate 0

16

Adequate 0

11

Surplus: 5

26

Deficit: -10

11

Surplus: 5

16

Adequate 0

19

Deficit: -3

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 39 29 27 30 22 19 18 13 30 13 19 22

Physician Specialty Urology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9
2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9

2008 Actual

Population

Physicians /100k

265,503

7

2.6

Physician Need
9

Status Deficit: -2

9

Deficit: -2

9

Deficit: -2

8

Deficit: -1

9

Deficit: -2

6

Surplus: 1

8

Deficit: -1

7

Adequate 0

5

Surplus: 2

8

Deficit: -1

8

Deficit: -1

2015 Projected
Population 308,321
Physician Need 11 11 10 10 10 7 9
8 6 9 9

Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
39 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clayton

Page 14

Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia
*Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16,
no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the
Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed
Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies,
School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of
Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.