69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 1
Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1
1.3
1.7 1.3
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
4
2.2
Physician Need
3
Status Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 3
3
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 2
2
Surplus: 2
2
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
3
4 3
Physician Specialty Anesthesiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0
7.0
7.6
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
32
17.9
Physician Need
25
Status Surplus: 7
17
Surplus: 15
16
Surplus: 16
16
Surplus: 16
11
Surplus: 21
7
Surplus: 25
16
Surplus: 16
13
Surplus: 19
14
Surplus: 18
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 33 23 21 21 9 9 21
16
18
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 2
Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9
3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
20
11.2
Physician Need
13
Status Surplus: 7
10
Surplus: 10
9
Surplus: 11
6
Surplus: 14
5
Surplus: 15
3
Surplus: 17
5
Surplus: 15
6
Surplus: 14
5
Surplus: 15
8
Surplus: 12
6
Surplus: 14
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 17 13 12 7 4 4 7
8 6 10 8
Physician Specialty Dermatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
4
2.2
Physician Need
7
Status Deficit: -3
5
Deficit: -1
5
Deficit: -1
5
Deficit: -1
4
Adequate 0
4
Adequate 0
5
Deficit: -1
3
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 1
4
Adequate 0
6
Deficit: -2
4
Adequate 0
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 9 7 6 7 6 6 6 4 3 5 7 6
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 3
Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3
2.7
12.4 6.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
17
9.5
Physician Need
19
Status Deficit: -2
10
Surplus: 7
9
Surplus: 8
10
Surplus: 7
12
Surplus: 5
9
Surplus: 8
5
Surplus: 12
22
Deficit: -5
11
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 24 13 12 13 12 12
6
29 14
Physician Specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
National Physician Standards*
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
AMA
1.8
Two Mature HMO
1.1
Adjusted FTE
1.0
GMENAC
0.8
Kaiser Portland
0.9
7 Kaiser Plans
1.1
GHC Seattle
Three HMOs
0.6
Goodman
Hicks & Glenn
Solucient
Average Requirement
0.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
3
1.7
Physician Need
3
Status Adequate 0
2
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 2
2
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 2
2
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 4 3 2 2 3 3
1
2
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 4
Physician Specialty Family Practice
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0
9.2
16.2 22.5 23.6
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
39
21.8
Physician Need
56
Status Deficit: -17
82
Deficit: -43
76
Deficit: -37
45
Deficit: -6
30
Surplus: 9
20
Surplus: 19
16
Surplus: 23
29
Surplus: 10
40
Deficit: -1
42
Deficit: -3
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 73 106 99 59 26 26
21
38 52 55
Physician Specialty Gastroenterology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
4.2 3.1
3.2 1.7 1.7
1.3
3.5 2.4
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
6
3.4
Physician Need
8
Status Deficit: -2
6
Adequate 0
6
Adequate 0
3
Surplus: 3
3
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 4
6
Adequate 0
4
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 10 7
7 4 4
3
8 6
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 5
Physician Specialty Hematology/Oncology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 2.5 2.4 3.6 2.3 1.8 1.6 2.6 1.2
1.1 2.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
1
0.6
Physician Need
6
Status Deficit: -5
4
Deficit: -3
4
Deficit: -3
6
Deficit: -5
4
Deficit: -3
3
Deficit: -2
3
Deficit: -2
5
Deficit: -4
2
Deficit: -1
2
Deficit: -1
4
Deficit: -3
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 8 6 6 8 4 4 4 6 3
3 5
Physician Specialty Internal Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3
16.7
11.3 19.0 22.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
54
30.2
Physician Need
95
Status Deficit: -41
38
Surplus: 16
36
Surplus: 18
52
Surplus: 2
50
Surplus: 4
54
Adequate 0
30
Surplus: 24
20
Surplus: 34
34
Surplus: 20
39
Surplus: 15
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 123 50 46 67 70 70
39
26 44 51
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 6
Physician Specialty Nephrology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9
0.7 1.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
2
1.1
Physician Need
5
Status Deficit: -3
3
Deficit: -1
2
Adequate 0
2
Adequate 0
1
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 1
2
Adequate 0
1
Surplus: 1
2
Adequate 0
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 6 3 3 3 2 2 2
2 2
Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4
0.4
0.7
1.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
4
2.2
Physician Need
3
Status Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 2
2
Surplus: 2
2
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 3
1
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 4 3 2 3
1
2
2
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 7
Physician Specialty Neurology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2
2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
6
3.4
Physician Need
9
Status Deficit: -3
4
Surplus: 2
4
Surplus: 2
6
Adequate 0
2
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 4
4
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 3
3
Surplus: 3
3
Surplus: 3
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 12 6 5 8 4 4 3
5 3 4 4
Physician Specialty OB/GYN
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
19
10.6
Physician Need
25
Status Deficit: -6
22
Deficit: -3
20
Deficit: -1
18
Surplus: 1
21
Deficit: -2
21
Deficit: -2
18
Surplus: 1
16
Surplus: 3
15
Surplus: 4
14
Surplus: 5
18
Surplus: 1
18
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 33 28 26 23 27 27 23 20 20 19 24 24
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 8
Physician Specialty Opthalmology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0
3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
6
3.4
Physician Need
11
Status Deficit: -5
11
Deficit: -5
10
Deficit: -4
8
Deficit: -2
4
Surplus: 2
6
Adequate 0
9
Deficit: -3
6
Adequate 0
6
Adequate 0
8
Deficit: -2
8
Deficit: -2
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 14 14 13 11 7 7 12
8 7 11 10
Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
13
7.3
Physician Need
15
Status Deficit: -2
12
Surplus: 1
11
Surplus: 2
11
Surplus: 2
11
Surplus: 2
8
Surplus: 5
12
Surplus: 1
5
Surplus: 8
11
Surplus: 2
8
Surplus: 5
11
Surplus: 2
10
Surplus: 3
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 19 16 15 14 10 10 16 7 14 10 14 13
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 9
Physician Specialty Otolaryngology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.4 3.2
3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0
3.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
7
3.9
Physician Need
6
Status Surplus: 1
6
Surplus: 1
6
Surplus: 1
6
Surplus: 1
4
Surplus: 3
5
Surplus: 2
5
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 8 7
7 6 6 7
7
Physician Specialty Pathology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8
4.1
3.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
7
3.9
Physician Need
11
Status Deficit: -4
3
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 4
11
Deficit: -4
6
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 4
7
Adequate 0
6
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 15 4 4 15 4 4
10
7
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 10
Physician Specialty Pediatrics
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0
9.8
7.6 13.9 13.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
25
14.0
Physician Need
45
Status Deficit: -20
30
Deficit: -5
28
Deficit: -3
22
Surplus: 3
21
Surplus: 4
29
Deficit: -4
18
Surplus: 7
14
Surplus: 11
25
Adequate 0
23
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 58 39 36 29 37 37
23
18 32 30
Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.4
1.1 0.3
0.4
1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
4
2.2
Physician Need
4
Status Adequate 0
2
Surplus: 2
1
Surplus: 3
1
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 2
4
Adequate 0
4
Adequate 0
2
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 6
3
1
3 5 5 3
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 11
Physician Specialty Psychiatry
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1
7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
14
7.8
Physician Need
24
Status Deficit: -10
14
Adequate 0
13
Surplus: 1
28
Deficit: -14
9
Surplus: 5
7
Surplus: 7
13
Surplus: 1
7
Surplus: 7
10
Surplus: 4
13
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 32 18 17 36 10 10
17 9 13 16
Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4
1.4
1.3 1.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
4
2.2
Physician Need
6
Status Deficit: -2
4
Adequate 0
3
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 8 5 4 3 2 2 3
3
3 3
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 12
Physician Specialty Radiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7
8.0
9.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
17
9.5
Physician Need
20
Status Deficit: -3
24
Deficit: -7
25
Deficit: -8
14
Surplus: 3
15
Surplus: 2
8
Surplus: 9
14
Surplus: 3
14
Surplus: 3
16
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 26 32 32 18 11 11 18
19
21
Physician Specialty Rheumatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7
0.4
1.3 0.8
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
2
1.1
Physician Need
3
Status Deficit: -1
2
Adequate 0
2
Adequate 0
1
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 1
2
Adequate 0
1
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
1
3 2
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 13
Physician Specialty General Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
16
8.9
Physician Need
22
Status Deficit: -6
17
Deficit: -1
16
Adequate 0
17
Deficit: -1
13
Surplus: 3
11
Surplus: 5
11
Surplus: 5
8
Surplus: 8
17
Deficit: -1
7
Surplus: 9
11
Surplus: 5
13
Surplus: 3
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 29 22 20 23 14 14 14 10 23 10 14 16
Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5
0.8 0.1
0.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
1
0.6
Physician Need
3
Status Deficit: -2
1
Adequate 0
0
Surplus: 1
1
Adequate 0
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 3
2
1
69 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Hall County Physician Standard Report
Page 14
Physician Specialty Urology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9
2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
178,838
10
5.6
Physician Need
6
Status Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 4
4
Surplus: 6
5
Surplus: 5
5
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 7
5
Surplus: 5
5
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 232,285
Physician Need 8 8 8 7 5 5 7
6 4 7 7
Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia
*Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16,
no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the
Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed
Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies,
School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of
Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.