Georgia physician workforce: county reports, 2008, Cobb County physician standard report

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 1

Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1
1.3
1.7 1.3

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

8

1.2

Physician Need
10

Status Deficit: -2

10

Deficit: -2

10

Deficit: -2

6

Surplus: 2

12

Deficit: -4

8

Adequate 0

8

Adequate 0

9

Deficit: -1

12

Deficit: -4

9

Deficit: -1

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 11 12 11 6 9 9 9
10
13 10

Physician Specialty Anesthesiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0
7.0
7.6

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

59

8.5

Physician Need
97

Status Deficit: -38

67

Deficit: -8

63

Deficit: -4

62

Deficit: -3

41

Surplus: 18

27

Surplus: 32

62

Deficit: -3

48

Surplus: 11

53

Surplus: 6

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 109 76 71 69 30 30 70
55
59

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 2

Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9
3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

47

6.8

Physician Need
52

Status Deficit: -5

37

Surplus: 10

35

Surplus: 12

21

Surplus: 26

21

Surplus: 26

12

Surplus: 35

20

Surplus: 27

25

Surplus: 22

18

Surplus: 29

29

Surplus: 18

24

Surplus: 23

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 58 42 39 24 14 14 23
28 20 33 27

Physician Specialty Dermatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

25

3.6

Physician Need
26

Status Deficit: -1

19

Surplus: 6

18

Surplus: 7

19

Surplus: 6

17

Surplus: 8

17

Surplus: 8

18

Surplus: 7

11

Surplus: 14

10

Surplus: 15

15

Surplus: 10

22

Surplus: 3

17

Surplus: 8

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 29 22 20 22 19 19 20 12 11 16 24 19

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 3

Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3
2.7
12.4 6.2

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

58

8.4

Physician Need
73

Status Deficit: -15

38

Surplus: 20

36

Surplus: 22

37

Surplus: 21

46

Surplus: 12

37

Surplus: 21

19

Surplus: 39

86

Deficit: -28

43

Surplus: 15

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 82 43 41 42 41 41
21
97 48

Physician Specialty

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism

National Physician Standards*

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.

AMA

1.8

Two Mature HMO

1.1

Adjusted FTE

1.0

GMENAC

0.8

Kaiser Portland

0.9

7 Kaiser Plans

1.1

GHC Seattle

Three HMOs

0.6

Goodman

Hicks & Glenn

Solucient

Average Requirement

0.9

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

8

1.2

Physician Need
12

Status Deficit: -4

8

Adequate 0

7

Surplus: 1

6

Surplus: 2

6

Surplus: 2

8

Adequate 0

4

Surplus: 4

6

Surplus: 2

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 14 9 8 6 9 9
5
7

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 4

Physician Specialty Family Practice
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0
9.2
16.2 22.5 23.6

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

134

19.4

Physician Need
218

Status Deficit: -84

315

Deficit: -181

295

Deficit: -161

174

Deficit: -40

115

Surplus: 19

76

Surplus: 58

64

Surplus: 70

112

Surplus: 22

156

Deficit: -22

163

Deficit: -29

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 246 356 332 197 86 86
72
126 176 184

Physician Specialty Gastroenterology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
4.2 3.1
3.2 1.7 1.7
1.3
3.5 2.4

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

23

3.3

Physician Need
29

Status Deficit: -6

21

Surplus: 2

22

Surplus: 1

12

Surplus: 11

12

Surplus: 11

9

Surplus: 14

24

Deficit: -1

17

Surplus: 6

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 33 24
25 13 13
10
27 19

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 5

Physician Specialty Infectious Disease
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.6
0.8

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

12

1.7

Physician Need
15

Status Deficit: -3

5

Surplus: 7

4

Surplus: 8

6

Surplus: 6

8

Surplus: 4

5

Surplus: 7

4

Surplus: 8

6

Surplus: 6

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 17 5 5 7 5 5 5
6

Physician Specialty Internal Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3
16.7
11.3 19.0 22.0

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

157

22.7

Physician Need
367

Status Deficit: -210

148

Surplus: 9

138

Surplus: 19

199

Deficit: -42

194

Deficit: -37

210

Deficit: -53

115

Surplus: 42

78

Surplus: 79

131

Surplus: 26

152

Surplus: 5

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 414 167 156 225 236 236
130
88 148 172

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 6

Physician Specialty Nephrology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9
0.7 1.0

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

16

2.3

Physician Need
18

Status Deficit: -2

10

Surplus: 6

9

Surplus: 7

8

Surplus: 8

6

Surplus: 10

5

Surplus: 11

6

Surplus: 10

5

Surplus: 11

7

Surplus: 9

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 20 11 10 9 5 5 7
6 8

Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4
0.4
0.7
1.0

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

6

0.9

Physician Need
13

Status Deficit: -7

8

Deficit: -2

7

Deficit: -1

8

Deficit: -2

10

Deficit: -4

3

Surplus: 3

5

Surplus: 1

7

Deficit: -1

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 15 9 8 9
3
5
8

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 7

Physician Specialty Neurology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2
2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

18

2.6

Physician Need
35

Status Deficit: -17

17

Surplus: 1

16

Surplus: 2

23

Deficit: -5

9

Surplus: 9

12

Surplus: 6

8

Surplus: 10

15

Surplus: 3

10

Surplus: 8

12

Surplus: 6

13

Surplus: 5

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 39 19 18 26 13 13 9
16 11 14 15

Physician Specialty OB/GYN
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

77

11.1

Physician Need
98

Status Deficit: -21

84

Deficit: -7

78

Deficit: -1

68

Surplus: 9

80

Deficit: -3

80

Deficit: -3

69

Surplus: 8

61

Surplus: 16

58

Surplus: 19

55

Surplus: 22

70

Surplus: 7

71

Surplus: 6

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 110 94 88 77 90 90 78 69 66 62 79 80

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 8

Physician Specialty Opthalmology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0
3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

25

3.6

Physician Need
41

Status Deficit: -16

41

Deficit: -16

38

Deficit: -13

32

Deficit: -7

17

Surplus: 8

21

Surplus: 4

35

Deficit: -10

24

Surplus: 1

22

Surplus: 3

33

Deficit: -8

29

Deficit: -4

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 47 46 43 36 24 24 39
27 25 37 33

Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

50

7.2

Physician Need
57

Status Deficit: -7

47

Surplus: 3

44

Surplus: 6

41

Surplus: 9

41

Surplus: 9

29

Surplus: 21

46

Surplus: 4

21

Surplus: 29

41

Surplus: 9

29

Surplus: 21

42

Surplus: 8

38

Surplus: 12

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 65 53 50 47 33 33 52 23 46 33 48 43

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 9

Physician Specialty Otolaryngology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.4 3.2
3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0
3.0

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

20

2.9

Physician Need
24

Status Deficit: -4

22

Deficit: -2

22

Deficit: -2

24

Deficit: -4

17

Surplus: 3

21

Deficit: -1

21

Deficit: -1

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 27 25
25 19 19 23
23

Physician Specialty Pathology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8
4.1
3.2

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

23

3.3

Physician Need
44

Status Deficit: -21

13

Surplus: 10

12

Surplus: 11

44

Deficit: -21

23

Adequate 0

12

Surplus: 11

28

Deficit: -5

22

Surplus: 1

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 49 15 14 50 14 14
32
25

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 10

Physician Specialty Pediatrics
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0
9.8
7.6 13.9 13.0

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

118

17.1

Physician Need
172

Status Deficit: -54

115

Surplus: 3

107

Surplus: 11

86

Surplus: 32

82

Surplus: 36

111

Surplus: 7

68

Surplus: 50

53

Surplus: 65

96

Surplus: 22

90

Surplus: 28

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 194 129 121 97 125 125
76
59 108 101

Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.4
1.1 0.3
0.4
1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

16

2.3

Physician Need
17

Status Deficit: -1

8

Surplus: 8

2

Surplus: 14

3

Surplus: 13

8

Surplus: 8

16

Adequate 0

15

Surplus: 1

8

Surplus: 8

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 19
9
3
9 18 17 9

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 11

Physician Specialty Psychiatry
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1
7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

63

9.1

Physician Need
94

Status Deficit: -31

53

Surplus: 10

50

Surplus: 13

106

Deficit: -43

36

Surplus: 27

28

Surplus: 35

50

Surplus: 13

27

Surplus: 36

40

Surplus: 23

49

Surplus: 14

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 106 60 56 120 32 32
56 30 45 55

Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4
1.4
1.3 1.5

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

25

3.6

Physician Need
24

Status Surplus: 1

14

Surplus: 11

13

Surplus: 12

10

Surplus: 15

10

Surplus: 15

7

Surplus: 18

10

Surplus: 15

10

Surplus: 15

9

Surplus: 16

10

Surplus: 15

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 27 16 15 11 8 8 11
11
10 12

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 12

Physician Specialty Radiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7
8.0
9.1

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

43

6.2

Physician Need
79

Status Deficit: -36

94

Deficit: -51

95

Deficit: -52

53

Deficit: -10

59

Deficit: -16

33

Surplus: 10

53

Deficit: -10

55

Deficit: -12

63

Deficit: -20

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 89 106 107 60 37 37 60
62
71

Physician Specialty Rheumatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7
0.4
1.3 0.8

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

4

0.6

Physician Need
10

Status Deficit: -6

8

Deficit: -4

7

Deficit: -3

5

Deficit: -1

3

Surplus: 1

5

Deficit: -1

5

Deficit: -1

3

Surplus: 1

9

Deficit: -5

6

Deficit: -2

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 12 9 8 5 5 5 5
3
10 6

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 13

Physician Specialty General Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

37

5.4

Physician Need
86

Status Deficit: -49

65

Deficit: -28

61

Deficit: -24

67

Deficit: -30

48

Deficit: -11

43

Deficit: -6

41

Deficit: -4

29

Surplus: 8

67

Deficit: -30

28

Surplus: 9

42

Deficit: -5

49

Deficit: -12

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 97 73 69 76 48 48 46 33 76 32 47 55

Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5
0.8 0.1
0.5

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

5

0.7

Physician Need
10

Status Deficit: -5

6

Deficit: -1

1

Surplus: 4

3

Surplus: 2

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 12
6
4

33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report

Page 14

Physician Specialty Urology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement

Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9
2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9

2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k

691,496

17

2.5

Physician Need
24

Status Deficit: -7

24

Deficit: -7

23

Deficit: -6

21

Deficit: -4

23

Deficit: -6

16

Surplus: 1

20

Deficit: -3

18

Deficit: -1

13

Surplus: 4

20

Deficit: -3

20

Deficit: -3

2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 27 27 26 24 18 18 23
20 15 22 23

Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia
*Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16,
no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the
Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed
Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies,
School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of
Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.