33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 1
Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1
1.3
1.7 1.3
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
8
1.2
Physician Need
10
Status Deficit: -2
10
Deficit: -2
10
Deficit: -2
6
Surplus: 2
12
Deficit: -4
8
Adequate 0
8
Adequate 0
9
Deficit: -1
12
Deficit: -4
9
Deficit: -1
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 11 12 11 6 9 9 9
10
13 10
Physician Specialty Anesthesiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0
7.0
7.6
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
59
8.5
Physician Need
97
Status Deficit: -38
67
Deficit: -8
63
Deficit: -4
62
Deficit: -3
41
Surplus: 18
27
Surplus: 32
62
Deficit: -3
48
Surplus: 11
53
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 109 76 71 69 30 30 70
55
59
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 2
Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9
3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
47
6.8
Physician Need
52
Status Deficit: -5
37
Surplus: 10
35
Surplus: 12
21
Surplus: 26
21
Surplus: 26
12
Surplus: 35
20
Surplus: 27
25
Surplus: 22
18
Surplus: 29
29
Surplus: 18
24
Surplus: 23
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 58 42 39 24 14 14 23
28 20 33 27
Physician Specialty Dermatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
25
3.6
Physician Need
26
Status Deficit: -1
19
Surplus: 6
18
Surplus: 7
19
Surplus: 6
17
Surplus: 8
17
Surplus: 8
18
Surplus: 7
11
Surplus: 14
10
Surplus: 15
15
Surplus: 10
22
Surplus: 3
17
Surplus: 8
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 29 22 20 22 19 19 20 12 11 16 24 19
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 3
Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3
2.7
12.4 6.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
58
8.4
Physician Need
73
Status Deficit: -15
38
Surplus: 20
36
Surplus: 22
37
Surplus: 21
46
Surplus: 12
37
Surplus: 21
19
Surplus: 39
86
Deficit: -28
43
Surplus: 15
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 82 43 41 42 41 41
21
97 48
Physician Specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
National Physician Standards*
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
AMA
1.8
Two Mature HMO
1.1
Adjusted FTE
1.0
GMENAC
0.8
Kaiser Portland
0.9
7 Kaiser Plans
1.1
GHC Seattle
Three HMOs
0.6
Goodman
Hicks & Glenn
Solucient
Average Requirement
0.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
8
1.2
Physician Need
12
Status Deficit: -4
8
Adequate 0
7
Surplus: 1
6
Surplus: 2
6
Surplus: 2
8
Adequate 0
4
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 14 9 8 6 9 9
5
7
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 4
Physician Specialty Family Practice
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0
9.2
16.2 22.5 23.6
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
134
19.4
Physician Need
218
Status Deficit: -84
315
Deficit: -181
295
Deficit: -161
174
Deficit: -40
115
Surplus: 19
76
Surplus: 58
64
Surplus: 70
112
Surplus: 22
156
Deficit: -22
163
Deficit: -29
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 246 356 332 197 86 86
72
126 176 184
Physician Specialty Gastroenterology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
4.2 3.1
3.2 1.7 1.7
1.3
3.5 2.4
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
23
3.3
Physician Need
29
Status Deficit: -6
21
Surplus: 2
22
Surplus: 1
12
Surplus: 11
12
Surplus: 11
9
Surplus: 14
24
Deficit: -1
17
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 33 24
25 13 13
10
27 19
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 5
Physician Specialty Infectious Disease
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.6
0.8
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
12
1.7
Physician Need
15
Status Deficit: -3
5
Surplus: 7
4
Surplus: 8
6
Surplus: 6
8
Surplus: 4
5
Surplus: 7
4
Surplus: 8
6
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 17 5 5 7 5 5 5
6
Physician Specialty Internal Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3
16.7
11.3 19.0 22.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
157
22.7
Physician Need
367
Status Deficit: -210
148
Surplus: 9
138
Surplus: 19
199
Deficit: -42
194
Deficit: -37
210
Deficit: -53
115
Surplus: 42
78
Surplus: 79
131
Surplus: 26
152
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 414 167 156 225 236 236
130
88 148 172
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 6
Physician Specialty Nephrology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9
0.7 1.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
16
2.3
Physician Need
18
Status Deficit: -2
10
Surplus: 6
9
Surplus: 7
8
Surplus: 8
6
Surplus: 10
5
Surplus: 11
6
Surplus: 10
5
Surplus: 11
7
Surplus: 9
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 20 11 10 9 5 5 7
6 8
Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4
0.4
0.7
1.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
6
0.9
Physician Need
13
Status Deficit: -7
8
Deficit: -2
7
Deficit: -1
8
Deficit: -2
10
Deficit: -4
3
Surplus: 3
5
Surplus: 1
7
Deficit: -1
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 15 9 8 9
3
5
8
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 7
Physician Specialty Neurology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2
2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
18
2.6
Physician Need
35
Status Deficit: -17
17
Surplus: 1
16
Surplus: 2
23
Deficit: -5
9
Surplus: 9
12
Surplus: 6
8
Surplus: 10
15
Surplus: 3
10
Surplus: 8
12
Surplus: 6
13
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 39 19 18 26 13 13 9
16 11 14 15
Physician Specialty OB/GYN
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
77
11.1
Physician Need
98
Status Deficit: -21
84
Deficit: -7
78
Deficit: -1
68
Surplus: 9
80
Deficit: -3
80
Deficit: -3
69
Surplus: 8
61
Surplus: 16
58
Surplus: 19
55
Surplus: 22
70
Surplus: 7
71
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 110 94 88 77 90 90 78 69 66 62 79 80
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 8
Physician Specialty Opthalmology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0
3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
25
3.6
Physician Need
41
Status Deficit: -16
41
Deficit: -16
38
Deficit: -13
32
Deficit: -7
17
Surplus: 8
21
Surplus: 4
35
Deficit: -10
24
Surplus: 1
22
Surplus: 3
33
Deficit: -8
29
Deficit: -4
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 47 46 43 36 24 24 39
27 25 37 33
Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
50
7.2
Physician Need
57
Status Deficit: -7
47
Surplus: 3
44
Surplus: 6
41
Surplus: 9
41
Surplus: 9
29
Surplus: 21
46
Surplus: 4
21
Surplus: 29
41
Surplus: 9
29
Surplus: 21
42
Surplus: 8
38
Surplus: 12
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 65 53 50 47 33 33 52 23 46 33 48 43
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 9
Physician Specialty Otolaryngology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.4 3.2
3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0
3.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
20
2.9
Physician Need
24
Status Deficit: -4
22
Deficit: -2
22
Deficit: -2
24
Deficit: -4
17
Surplus: 3
21
Deficit: -1
21
Deficit: -1
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 27 25
25 19 19 23
23
Physician Specialty Pathology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8
4.1
3.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
23
3.3
Physician Need
44
Status Deficit: -21
13
Surplus: 10
12
Surplus: 11
44
Deficit: -21
23
Adequate 0
12
Surplus: 11
28
Deficit: -5
22
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 49 15 14 50 14 14
32
25
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 10
Physician Specialty Pediatrics
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0
9.8
7.6 13.9 13.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
118
17.1
Physician Need
172
Status Deficit: -54
115
Surplus: 3
107
Surplus: 11
86
Surplus: 32
82
Surplus: 36
111
Surplus: 7
68
Surplus: 50
53
Surplus: 65
96
Surplus: 22
90
Surplus: 28
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 194 129 121 97 125 125
76
59 108 101
Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.4
1.1 0.3
0.4
1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
16
2.3
Physician Need
17
Status Deficit: -1
8
Surplus: 8
2
Surplus: 14
3
Surplus: 13
8
Surplus: 8
16
Adequate 0
15
Surplus: 1
8
Surplus: 8
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 19
9
3
9 18 17 9
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 11
Physician Specialty Psychiatry
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1
7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
63
9.1
Physician Need
94
Status Deficit: -31
53
Surplus: 10
50
Surplus: 13
106
Deficit: -43
36
Surplus: 27
28
Surplus: 35
50
Surplus: 13
27
Surplus: 36
40
Surplus: 23
49
Surplus: 14
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 106 60 56 120 32 32
56 30 45 55
Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4
1.4
1.3 1.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
25
3.6
Physician Need
24
Status Surplus: 1
14
Surplus: 11
13
Surplus: 12
10
Surplus: 15
10
Surplus: 15
7
Surplus: 18
10
Surplus: 15
10
Surplus: 15
9
Surplus: 16
10
Surplus: 15
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 27 16 15 11 8 8 11
11
10 12
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 12
Physician Specialty Radiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7
8.0
9.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
43
6.2
Physician Need
79
Status Deficit: -36
94
Deficit: -51
95
Deficit: -52
53
Deficit: -10
59
Deficit: -16
33
Surplus: 10
53
Deficit: -10
55
Deficit: -12
63
Deficit: -20
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 89 106 107 60 37 37 60
62
71
Physician Specialty Rheumatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7
0.4
1.3 0.8
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
4
0.6
Physician Need
10
Status Deficit: -6
8
Deficit: -4
7
Deficit: -3
5
Deficit: -1
3
Surplus: 1
5
Deficit: -1
5
Deficit: -1
3
Surplus: 1
9
Deficit: -5
6
Deficit: -2
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 12 9 8 5 5 5 5
3
10 6
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 13
Physician Specialty General Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
37
5.4
Physician Need
86
Status Deficit: -49
65
Deficit: -28
61
Deficit: -24
67
Deficit: -30
48
Deficit: -11
43
Deficit: -6
41
Deficit: -4
29
Surplus: 8
67
Deficit: -30
28
Surplus: 9
42
Deficit: -5
49
Deficit: -12
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 97 73 69 76 48 48 46 33 76 32 47 55
Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5
0.8 0.1
0.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
5
0.7
Physician Need
10
Status Deficit: -5
6
Deficit: -1
1
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 12
6
4
33 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Cobb County Physician Standard Report
Page 14
Physician Specialty Urology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9
2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
691,496
17
2.5
Physician Need
24
Status Deficit: -7
24
Deficit: -7
23
Deficit: -6
21
Deficit: -4
23
Deficit: -6
16
Surplus: 1
20
Deficit: -3
18
Deficit: -1
13
Surplus: 4
20
Deficit: -3
20
Deficit: -3
2015 Projected
Population 779,807
Physician Need 27 27 26 24 18 18 23
20 15 22 23
Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia
*Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16,
no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the
Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed
Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies,
School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of
Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.