25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 1
Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1
1.3
1.7 1.3
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
6
2.4
Physician Need
3
Status Surplus: 3
4
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 4
4
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 3
3
Surplus: 3
3
Surplus: 3
4
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 3
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 4 4 4 2 3 3 3
4
5 4
Physician Specialty Anesthesiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0
7.0
7.6
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
36
14.5
Physician Need
35
Status Surplus: 1
24
Surplus: 12
23
Surplus: 13
22
Surplus: 14
15
Surplus: 21
10
Surplus: 26
22
Surplus: 14
17
Surplus: 19
19
Surplus: 17
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 38 27 25 24 11 11 25
19
21
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 2
Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9
3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
31
12.5
Physician Need
19
Status Surplus: 12
13
Surplus: 18
12
Surplus: 19
8
Surplus: 23
7
Surplus: 24
4
Surplus: 27
7
Surplus: 24
9
Surplus: 22
6
Surplus: 25
10
Surplus: 21
9
Surplus: 22
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 21 15 14 8 5 5 8
10 7 12 10
Physician Specialty Dermatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
11
4.4
Physician Need
9
Status Surplus: 2
7
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 5
7
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 5
6
Surplus: 5
6
Surplus: 5
4
Surplus: 7
3
Surplus: 8
5
Surplus: 6
8
Surplus: 3
6
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 10 8 7 8 7 7 7 4 4 6 9 7
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 3
Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3
2.7
12.4 6.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
44
17.7
Physician Need
26
Status Surplus: 18
14
Surplus: 30
13
Surplus: 31
13
Surplus: 31
17
Surplus: 27
13
Surplus: 31
7
Surplus: 37
31
Surplus: 13
15
Surplus: 29
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 29 15 14 15 15 15
7
34 17
Physician Specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
National Physician Standards*
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
AMA
1.8
Two Mature HMO
1.1
Adjusted FTE
1.0
GMENAC
0.8
Kaiser Portland
0.9
7 Kaiser Plans
1.1
GHC Seattle
Three HMOs
0.6
Goodman
Hicks & Glenn
Solucient
Average Requirement
0.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
4
1.6
Physician Need
4
Status Adequate 0
3
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 2
2
Surplus: 2
2
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 1
1
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 5 3 3 2 3 3
2
2
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 4
Physician Specialty Family Practice
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0
9.2
16.2 22.5 23.6
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
87
35.0
Physician Need
78
Status Surplus: 9
113
Deficit: -26
106
Deficit: -19
63
Surplus: 24
42
Surplus: 45
27
Surplus: 60
23
Surplus: 64
40
Surplus: 47
56
Surplus: 31
59
Surplus: 28
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 86 125 117 69 30 30
25
44 62 65
Physician Specialty Gastroenterology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
4.2 3.1
3.2 1.7 1.7
1.3
3.5 2.4
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
18
7.2
Physician Need
10
Status Surplus: 8
8
Surplus: 10
8
Surplus: 10
4
Surplus: 14
4
Surplus: 14
3
Surplus: 15
9
Surplus: 9
6
Surplus: 12
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 11 8
9 5 5
4
10 7
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 5
Physician Specialty Infectious Disease
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.6
0.8
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
6
2.4
Physician Need
5
Status Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 4
1
Surplus: 5
2
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 4
1
Surplus: 5
2
Surplus: 4
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 6 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
Physician Specialty Internal Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3
16.7
11.3 19.0 22.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
78
31.4
Physician Need
132
Status Deficit: -54
53
Surplus: 25
50
Surplus: 28
72
Surplus: 6
70
Surplus: 8
75
Surplus: 3
42
Surplus: 36
28
Surplus: 50
47
Surplus: 31
55
Surplus: 23
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 145 59 55 79 83 83
46
31 52 60
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 6
Physician Specialty Nephrology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9
0.7 1.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
8
3.2
Physician Need
6
Status Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 5
2
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 7 4 4 3 2 2 2
2 3
Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4
0.4
0.7
1.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
9
3.6
Physician Need
5
Status Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 7
3
Surplus: 6
3
Surplus: 6
1
Surplus: 8
2
Surplus: 7
2
Surplus: 7
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 5 3 3 3
1
2
3
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 7
Physician Specialty Neurology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2
2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
13
5.2
Physician Need
12
Status Surplus: 1
6
Surplus: 7
6
Surplus: 7
8
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 10
4
Surplus: 9
3
Surplus: 10
5
Surplus: 8
3
Surplus: 10
4
Surplus: 9
5
Surplus: 8
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 14 7 6 9 5 5 3
6 4 5 5
Physician Specialty OB/GYN
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
35
14.1
Physician Need
35
Status Adequate 0
30
Surplus: 5
28
Surplus: 7
25
Surplus: 10
29
Surplus: 6
29
Surplus: 6
25
Surplus: 10
22
Surplus: 13
21
Surplus: 14
20
Surplus: 15
25
Surplus: 10
25
Surplus: 10
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 39 33 31 27 31 31 27 24 23 22 28 28
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 8
Physician Specialty Opthalmology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0
3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
24
9.7
Physician Need
15
Status Surplus: 9
15
Surplus: 9
14
Surplus: 10
11
Surplus: 13
6
Surplus: 18
8
Surplus: 16
12
Surplus: 12
9
Surplus: 15
8
Surplus: 16
12
Surplus: 12
10
Surplus: 14
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 16 16 15 13 8 8 14
10 9 13 11
Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
30
12.1
Physician Need
21
Status Surplus: 9
17
Surplus: 13
16
Surplus: 14
15
Surplus: 15
15
Surplus: 15
10
Surplus: 20
17
Surplus: 13
7
Surplus: 23
15
Surplus: 15
10
Surplus: 20
15
Surplus: 15
14
Surplus: 16
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 23 19 18 16 11 11 18 8 16 11 17 15
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 9
Physician Specialty Otolaryngology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.4 3.2
3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0
3.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
12
4.8
Physician Need
8
Status Surplus: 4
8
Surplus: 4
8
Surplus: 4
8
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 6
7
Surplus: 5
7
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 9 9
9 7 7 8
8
Physician Specialty Pathology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8
4.1
3.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
11
4.4
Physician Need
16
Status Deficit: -5
5
Surplus: 6
4
Surplus: 7
16
Deficit: -5
8
Surplus: 3
4
Surplus: 7
10
Surplus: 1
8
Surplus: 3
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 17 5 5 18 5 5
11
9
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 10
Physician Specialty Pediatrics
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0
9.8
7.6 13.9 13.0
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
57
22.9
Physician Need
62
Status Deficit: -5
41
Surplus: 16
39
Surplus: 18
31
Surplus: 26
30
Surplus: 27
40
Surplus: 17
24
Surplus: 33
19
Surplus: 38
35
Surplus: 22
32
Surplus: 25
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 68 45 42 34 44 44
27
21 38 36
Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.4
1.1 0.3
0.4
1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
19
7.6
Physician Need
6
Status Surplus: 13
3
Surplus: 16
1
Surplus: 18
1
Surplus: 18
3
Surplus: 16
6
Surplus: 13
6
Surplus: 13
3
Surplus: 16
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 7
3
1
3 6 6 3
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 11
Physician Specialty Psychiatry
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1
7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
36
14.5
Physician Need
34
Status Surplus: 2
19
Surplus: 17
18
Surplus: 18
38
Deficit: -2
13
Surplus: 23
10
Surplus: 26
18
Surplus: 18
10
Surplus: 26
14
Surplus: 22
18
Surplus: 18
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 37 21 20 42 11 11
20 11 16 19
Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4
1.4
1.3 1.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
16
6.4
Physician Need
9
Status Surplus: 7
5
Surplus: 11
5
Surplus: 11
3
Surplus: 13
3
Surplus: 13
2
Surplus: 14
3
Surplus: 13
3
Surplus: 13
3
Surplus: 13
4
Surplus: 12
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 10 5 5 4 3 3 4
4
4 4
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 12
Physician Specialty Radiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7
8.0
9.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
52
20.9
Physician Need
28
Status Surplus: 24
34
Surplus: 18
34
Surplus: 18
19
Surplus: 33
21
Surplus: 31
12
Surplus: 40
19
Surplus: 33
20
Surplus: 32
23
Surplus: 29
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 31 37 38 21 13 13 21
22
25
Physician Specialty Rheumatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7
0.4
1.3 0.8
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
1
0.4
Physician Need
4
Status Deficit: -3
3
Deficit: -2
2
Deficit: -1
2
Deficit: -1
1
Adequate 0
2
Deficit: -1
2
Deficit: -1
1
Adequate 0
3
Deficit: -2
2
Deficit: -1
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 4 3 3 2 2 2 2
1
4 2
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 13
Physician Specialty General Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
37
14.9
Physician Need
31
Status Surplus: 6
23
Surplus: 14
22
Surplus: 15
24
Surplus: 13
17
Surplus: 20
15
Surplus: 22
15
Surplus: 22
10
Surplus: 27
24
Surplus: 13
10
Surplus: 27
15
Surplus: 22
18
Surplus: 19
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 34 26 24 27 17 17 16 11 27 11 16 19
Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5
0.8 0.1
0.5
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
4
1.6
Physician Need
4
Status Adequate 0
2
Surplus: 2
0
Surplus: 4
1
Surplus: 3
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 4
2
1
25 Georgia Physician Workforce: County Reports - 2008
Chatham County Physician Standard Report
Page 14
Physician Specialty Urology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9
2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9
2008 Actual
Population Physicians /100k
248,596
14
5.6
Physician Need
9
Status Surplus: 5
9
Surplus: 5
8
Surplus: 6
8
Surplus: 6
8
Surplus: 6
6
Surplus: 8
7
Surplus: 7
6
Surplus: 8
5
Surplus: 9
7
Surplus: 7
7
Surplus: 7
2015 Projected
Population 273,756
Physician Need 10 10 9 8 6 6 8
7 5 8 8
Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia
*Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16,
no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the
Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed
Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies,
School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of
Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.