Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Bryan, Chatham, Effingham, Liberty
Page 1
Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1
1.3
1.7 1.3
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
6
1.6
Physician Need
5
Status Surplus: 1
6
Adequate 0
5
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 3
6
Adequate 0
5
Surplus: 1
4
Surplus: 2
5
Surplus: 1
6
Adequate 0
5
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 5 6 5 3 6 4 4
5
6 5
Physician Specialty Anesthesiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0
7.0
7.6
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
40
10.6
Physician Need
53
Status Deficit: -13
37
Surplus: 3
34
Surplus: 6
34
Surplus: 6
22
Surplus: 18
15
Surplus: 25
34
Surplus: 6
26
Surplus: 14
29
Surplus: 11
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 52 36 34 33 22 14 33
26
28
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Bryan, Chatham, Effingham, Liberty
Page 2
Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9
3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
31
8.2
Physician Need
28
Status Surplus: 3
20
Surplus: 11
19
Surplus: 12
12
Surplus: 19
11
Surplus: 20
7
Surplus: 24
11
Surplus: 20
14
Surplus: 17
10
Surplus: 21
16
Surplus: 15
13
Surplus: 18
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 28 20 18 11 11 7 11
13 10 16 13
Physician Specialty Dermatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
14
3.7
Physician Need
14
Status Adequate 0
11
Surplus: 3
10
Surplus: 4
11
Surplus: 3
9
Surplus: 5
9
Surplus: 5
10
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 8
5
Surplus: 9
8
Surplus: 6
12
Surplus: 2
9
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 14 10 10 10 9 9 10 6 5 8 12 9
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 3
Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3
2.7
12.4 6.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
55
14.6
Physician Need
40
Status Surplus: 15
21
Surplus: 34
20
Surplus: 35
20
Surplus: 35
25
Surplus: 30
20
Surplus: 35
10
Surplus: 45
47
Surplus: 8
23
Surplus: 32
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 39 20 19 20 25 20
10
46 23
Physician Specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
National Physician Standards*
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
AMA
1.8
Two Mature HMO
1.1
Adjusted FTE
1.0
GMENAC
0.8
Kaiser Portland
0.9
7 Kaiser Plans
1.1
GHC Seattle
Three HMOs
0.6
Goodman
Hicks & Glenn
Solucient
Average Requirement
0.9
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
4
1.1
Physician Need
7
Status Deficit: -3
4
Adequate 0
4
Adequate 0
3
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 1
4
Adequate 0
2
Surplus: 2
3
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 7 4 4 3 3 4
2
3
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Bryan, Chatham, Effingham, Liberty
Page 4
Physician Specialty Family Practice
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0
9.2
16.2 22.5 23.6
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
111
29.4
Physician Need
119
Status Deficit: -8
172
Deficit: -61
161
Deficit: -50
95
Surplus: 16
63
Surplus: 48
42
Surplus: 69
35
Surplus: 76
61
Surplus: 50
85
Surplus: 26
89
Surplus: 22
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 116 168 157 93 61 40
34
60 83 87
Physician Specialty Gastroenterology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
4.2 3.1
3.2 1.7 1.7
1.3
3.5 2.4
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
18
4.8
Physician Need
16
Status Surplus: 2
12
Surplus: 6
12
Surplus: 6
6
Surplus: 12
6
Surplus: 12
5
Surplus: 13
13
Surplus: 5
9
Surplus: 9
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 15 11
12 6 6
5
13 9
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 5
Physician Specialty Infectious Disease
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.6
0.8
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
6
1.6
Physician Need
8
Status Deficit: -2
3
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 3
5
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 3
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 8 3 2 3 4 3 2
3
Physician Specialty Internal Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3
16.7
11.3 19.0 22.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
100
26.5
Physician Need
200
Status Deficit: -100
81
Surplus: 19
75
Surplus: 25
109
Deficit: -9
106
Deficit: -6
114
Deficit: -14
63
Surplus: 37
43
Surplus: 57
72
Surplus: 28
83
Surplus: 17
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 195 79 74 106 103 112
61
42 70 81
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 6
Physician Specialty Nephrology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9
0.7 1.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
8
2.1
Physician Need
10
Status Deficit: -2
5
Surplus: 3
5
Surplus: 3
4
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 5
4
Surplus: 4
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 10 5 5 4 3 3 3
3 4
Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4
0.4
0.7
1.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
9
2.4
Physician Need
7
Status Surplus: 2
4
Surplus: 5
4
Surplus: 5
4
Surplus: 5
5
Surplus: 4
2
Surplus: 7
3
Surplus: 6
4
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 7 4 4 4 5
1
3
4
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 7
Physician Specialty Neurology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2
2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
14
3.7
Physician Need
19
Status Deficit: -5
9
Surplus: 5
9
Surplus: 5
12
Surplus: 2
5
Surplus: 9
6
Surplus: 8
5
Surplus: 9
8
Surplus: 6
5
Surplus: 9
7
Surplus: 7
7
Surplus: 7
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 18 9 8 12 5 6 4
8 5 7 7
Physician Specialty OB/GYN
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
43
11.4
Physician Need
53
Status Deficit: -10
46
Deficit: -3
43
Adequate 0
37
Surplus: 6
44
Deficit: -1
43
Adequate 0
38
Surplus: 5
33
Surplus: 10
32
Surplus: 11
30
Surplus: 13
38
Surplus: 5
39
Surplus: 4
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 52 45 42 36 43 42 37 32 31 29 37 38
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 8
Physician Specialty Opthalmology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0
3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
26
6.9
Physician Need
23
Status Surplus: 3
22
Surplus: 4
21
Surplus: 5
17
Surplus: 9
9
Surplus: 17
12
Surplus: 14
19
Surplus: 7
13
Surplus: 13
12
Surplus: 14
18
Surplus: 8
16
Surplus: 10
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 22 22 20 17 9 11 18
13 12 17 15
Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
35
9.3
Physician Need
31
Status Surplus: 4
26
Surplus: 9
24
Surplus: 11
23
Surplus: 12
22
Surplus: 13
16
Surplus: 19
25
Surplus: 10
11
Surplus: 24
22
Surplus: 13
16
Surplus: 19
23
Surplus: 12
21
Surplus: 14
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 31 25 24 22 22 15 25 11 22 15 23 20
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 9
Physician Specialty Otolaryngology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.4 3.2
3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0
3.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
14
3.7
Physician Need
13
Status Surplus: 1
12
Surplus: 2
12
Surplus: 2
13
Surplus: 1
9
Surplus: 5
11
Surplus: 3
11
Surplus: 3
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 13 12
12 13 9 11
11
Physician Specialty Pathology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8
4.1
3.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
14
3.7
Physician Need
24
Status Deficit: -10
7
Surplus: 7
7
Surplus: 7
24
Deficit: -10
12
Surplus: 2
7
Surplus: 7
15
Deficit: -1
12
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 23 7 7 24 12 7
15
12
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 10
Physician Specialty Pediatrics
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0
9.8
7.6 13.9 13.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
73
19.3
Physician Need
94
Status Deficit: -21
63
Surplus: 10
59
Surplus: 14
47
Surplus: 26
45
Surplus: 28
60
Surplus: 13
37
Surplus: 36
29
Surplus: 44
52
Surplus: 21
49
Surplus: 24
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 92 61 57 46 44 59
36
28 51 48
Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.4
1.1 0.3
0.4
1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
19
5.0
Physician Need
9
Status Surplus: 10
4
Surplus: 15
1
Surplus: 18
2
Surplus: 17
4
Surplus: 15
9
Surplus: 10
8
Surplus: 11
5
Surplus: 14
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 9
4 1
1
4 8 8 4
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 11
Physician Specialty Psychiatry
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1
7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
42
11.1
Physician Need
51
Status Deficit: -9
29
Surplus: 13
27
Surplus: 15
58
Deficit: -16
20
Surplus: 22
15
Surplus: 27
27
Surplus: 15
15
Surplus: 27
22
Surplus: 20
27
Surplus: 15
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 50 28 27 57 19 15
27 14 21 26
Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4
1.4
1.3 1.5
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
17
4.5
Physician Need
13
Status Surplus: 4
8
Surplus: 9
7
Surplus: 10
5
Surplus: 12
5
Surplus: 12
4
Surplus: 13
5
Surplus: 12
5
Surplus: 12
5
Surplus: 12
6
Surplus: 11
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 13 7 7 5 5 4 5
5
5 6
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 12
Physician Specialty Radiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7
8.0
9.1
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
55
14.6
Physician Need
43
Status Surplus: 12
51
Surplus: 4
52
Surplus: 3
29
Surplus: 26
32
Surplus: 23
18
Surplus: 37
29
Surplus: 26
30
Surplus: 25
34
Surplus: 21
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 42 50 50 28 31 17 28
29
34
Physician Specialty Rheumatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7
0.4
1.3 0.8
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
1
0.3
Physician Need
6
Status Deficit: -5
4
Deficit: -3
4
Deficit: -3
3
Deficit: -2
2
Deficit: -1
3
Deficit: -2
3
Deficit: -2
2
Deficit: -1
5
Deficit: -4
3
Deficit: -2
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 6 4 4 3 1 3 3
1
5 3
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 13
Physician Specialty General Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
42
11.1
Physician Need
47
Status Deficit: -5
35
Surplus: 7
33
Surplus: 9
37
Surplus: 5
26
Surplus: 16
23
Surplus: 19
22
Surplus: 20
16
Surplus: 26
37
Surplus: 5
15
Surplus: 27
23
Surplus: 19
27
Surplus: 15
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 46 35 32 36 26 23 22 15 36 15 22 26
Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5
0.8 0.1
0.5
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
4
1.1
Physician Need
6
Status Deficit: -2
3
Surplus: 1
0
Surplus: 4
2
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 6
3 0
2
Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008
52 PCSA Physician Standard Report
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Page 14
Physician Specialty Urology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9
2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9
2008 Actual
Population
Physicians /100k
377,480
15
4.0
Physician Need
13
Status Surplus: 2
13
Surplus: 2
12
Surplus: 3
12
Surplus: 3
12
Surplus: 3
9
Surplus: 6
11
Surplus: 4
10
Surplus: 5
7
Surplus: 8
11
Surplus: 4
11
Surplus: 4
2015 Projected
Population 368,139
Physician Need 13 13 12 11 12 8 11
10 7 11 11
Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia
*Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16,
no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the
Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed
Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies,
School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of
Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.