Publications of the Georgia State Department of Agriculture for the year 1892 [vol. 18 (1892)]

1 n

OK THE
GEORGIA STATE
Department of Agriculture
For The Year 1892
Volmrie XVIII
It T NESBITT
COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
ATLANTA iEORGIA
Jko W Harrison State Printer
Franklin Publishing House
1892
GENERAL LIBRARY
University of GeorgiaMAR 6 1945I
PREFACE
VOLUME XVIJJ
The present volume of the publication of the Department of Agriculture
like preceding volumes embraces all the publication of the Department with
the exception of a few special circulars containing a compilation of the laws
governing the inspection of oils etc The issue has been enlarged to 2000
volumes from 500 in order that the demand for the work might be supplied
Not being printed in its entirety at the end of the year but consisting as it does
of a compilation of the circulars issued during the season retained for bind
ing the volume is not as uniform as desired in the quality of the paper or the
mechanical execu ion
The custom of filing circulars for binding has been found an economical
one enabling the Department to place its work in a form for preservation at a
minimum cost which fully compensates for any defect which the book itself
presents While much of the matter contained in the work relating to crop
conditions during the year has value only for reference to ascertain crop pros
pects in former years the volume does we believe contain agricultural ex
periments discussions notes etc which will commend it to the farmer and
others as a book to be preserved f
GENERAL LIBRARY
University or GeoGCONTENTS VOLUME XVIII
CIRCULARS
Bulletin No 21Third SeriesAnalyses and commercial values of fer
tilizers admitted to sale to February 16 1892 1
Circular No 1Fourth SeriesCrop Report for month of May 33
Bulletin No 22Third SeriesAnalyses and commercial values of fer
tilizers admitted to sale to April 28 1892 79
Circular No 2Fourth Series Crop Report for month of June 109
Circular No 3Fourth SeriesCrop Report for month of July 125
Circular No 4Fourth Series Crop Report for month of August 141
Circular No 5Fourth SeriesCrop Report for month of September 157
Report of the Department 189
Bulletin No 23Third SeriesAnalyses and values of commercial fer
tilizers admitted to sale to October 1 1892 22
SPECIAL CIRCULARS
Special Circular No 2Fourth SeriesQuestions for June Crop Report 108
Special Circular No Fourth SeriesQuestions for July Crop Re
port L4
Special Circular No 4Fourth SeriesQuestions for August Crop Re
port 140
Special Circular No 5Fourth SeriesQuestions for September Crop
Report i5g
Special Circular No 6Fourth Series Questions for October Crop Re
port 17INDEX

0
A
Analyses Commercial Fertilizers 2
Address delivered by Dr G F Payne 3
A Talk for Farmers 49
Analyses Commercial Fertilizers 79
August L892 Crop Report 141
Annual Report 189
Analyses Commercial Fertilizer 223
Acid Phosphate Inspected in Georgia 294
Averages Ammoniated Fertilizers 296
Averages Nonammoniated Fertilizers 297
C
Cotton Seed Meal 13
Consolidated Crop Report for May 1S92 37
Consolidated Crop Report for June 1892 126
Clippings Containing Valuable Suggestions 179
Chemical Department 191
CottonSeed Meal 235
Compaiative Table 293
E
Ellington Bill 31
Extracts from Georgia Experiment Station Bulletins 42
Experiment Stationi 193
Ellington Bill 233
Ellington Bill 284
F
Fertilizer Test on Sweet Potatoes etc 68
Fertilizer Test on Tomatoes etc 69
Forage Plants Fertilizer Tests etc I1
Farm Manures 182
Fisheries 210
Fertilizer Formula 292
i
Guaranteed Analyses 4
leneral Remarks May Report 33
Georgia Experiment Station 42
General Fertilizer Experiment on Cotton etc 53
General Remarks June Report Ill
General Remarks July Report 125
NDEX
ieneial Remarks i August Report 141
General Remarks September Report 157
General Remarks October Report i
1 landers
General Review
General Average of all Fertilizers
101
201
295
51
id
216
Inspectors of Fertilizers liO
Inspection of Fertilizer 194
Inspection of Oils 208
1
June Crop Report 1892 109
July Crop Report 1892 125
L
Right Manuring vs Heavy
Literature
List of Fish Commissioners in United States and Canada
M
May Crop Report 1892 33
Monthly Talk with Farmers 119
Monthly Talk with Farmers 134
Monthly Talk with Farmers 149
Monthly Talk with Farmers 167
Monthly Talk with Farmers 170
Marls and Limes 285
Minerals Analyzed 287
N
Notes from Correspondents IqI
Notes from Correspondentso
Notes from Correspondents 142
Notes from Correspondents 158
New Legislation Regarding Fertilizers 226
New Law roverning Inspection of Fertilizers237
Natural and Supposed Phosphates 286
Number of Fertilizer Brands Inspected298
Number of Brands each season299
OctoberCrop Report
Report of the Chemist
Report of the Chemist
R
17
206
245INDEX
Sweet Potato Culture
Sorghums etc
September Crop Report L892
Suggestions
Seed
66
74
157
17
192
To the Farmers of Georgia 38
Tobacco121
The Horn Fly123
Tobacco in the Wiregrass Section138
Tobacco Cutting and CuringL54
Tables of Analyses240
V
Valuations
Valuations
Valuations
81Bulletin No 21
SEASON 189192
Commercial Fertilizers
AND
CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Admitted for Sale in the State of
Georgia up to February 16th 1892
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
Hon R T NESBITT
Commissioner of Agriculture
of the State of Georgia
Dr GEORGE F PAYNE State Chemist
ATLANTA GEORGIA
Geo W Harrison State Printer
Franklin Publishing House1
1892LIBRARY
VALUATIONS
For Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash for Season of 189192
Available phosphoric acid 4 cents a pound
Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 12 cents a pound
Potash 4 cents a pound
If calculated by units
Available phosphoric acid 80 cents per unit
Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 2 40 cents per unit
Potash 80 cents per unit
The relative commercial valuation which is given each fertilizer is calculated
from the above figures with an addition to each of 260 per ton to cover in
spection sacks mixing and handling
To calculate the commercial value of a ton of a given fertilizer bear in mind
that a ton weighs 2000 pounds and one per cent of this is twenty pounds
If a goods contain one percent of available phosphoric acid this will be twenty
pounds of available phosphoric acid id a ton Twenty pounds of available
phosphoric acid at four cents a pound will be eighty cents for each per cent
contained in a ton or eighty cents per unit as it is generally designated am
monia being twelve cents a pound each one per centor twenty pounds in a ton
will he worth 2 V As p itash is the same value as available phosphoric
acid each percent in a ton will be worth eighty cents
To illustrate this take a sample containing
Available phosphoric acid1010 multiply by 80 8 08
Ammonia 260 multiply by 240 i 24
Potash 110 multiply by SO 88
Inspection sacks mixing and handling 2 60
Relative commercial value 17 80
These valuations were obtained by the most careful investigation and fairly
represent the wholesale cash value of fertilizers in Georgia in those cities where
the goods enter the State or where they are manufactured A great majority
of the number of large manufacturers whose prices were used as a basis for
these valuations offer their goods at Savannah for cash at figures which corre
spond with those values Any one buying at a distance from Savannah should
add the freight to that point to obtain its 1 ical wholesale cash value this sub
tracted from the price charged for the g tods will give one a fair idea of what is
charged as profit Goods are sold very close for cash but when sold on time
dealers are compelled to charge full prices to cover interest cost of collection
and bad debtsANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 3
It is impossible to fix exact values for an entire season upon mercantile
goods subject to the fluctuations of the market hence these values while con
sidered fairly approximate are to be regarded rather as comparative and not as
absolute
Georgia is the largest consumer of commercial fertilizers of any State in the
Union Thanks to our well devised fertilizer law she also secures them at lower
prices than any other State Goods of identical composition and made in one
instance of which we are aware in the same factory are sold in the New En
gland State for 13000 per ton in Tennessee for 2000 per ton and in Georgia
for 2200 per ton
NEW LEGISLATION IN REGARD TO COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS
The last Legislature enacted three important laws bearing upon fertilizing
materials
FirstAn Act to allow farmers to have analyses made of their fertilizers
upon purchase under certain conditions and to cancel their indebtedness in
case of failure of goods to reach their guaranteed analysis This bill is usually
spoken of as the Ellington Bill from the name of the gentlemen who intro
duced it into the Senate Analyses under this Act will be found in this bul
letin
Second An Act to provide for the inspection and analysis of all cotton seed
meals This Art i called the Calvin Bill having been introduced by that gen
tleman in the House Analyses under the provisions of this Act will also be
found in this bulletin
ThinA new general fertilizer law was passed late in the adjourned ses
sion Under its wise provisions it has been possible to make all inspections
df fertilizers after they were sacked and put upon the market This will prove
a givat protection to the farmer According to the old system of inspection
goods were inspected before leaving the factory in bulk In case a manufact
urer was inclined to be unscrupulous an inspector might sometimes be di
rected to a pile of very high grade goods when he had come to inspect a
goods of a much different character It was also considered possible for a dis
honest man to remix his goods after inspection As the law is now carried
out neither of these two things are possible While we trust no manufacturer
was so dishonest as to be guilty of such practices we can but feel that there
will be less of the occasional complaint that goods with high analyses have
shown no better results than others with low ones This method of inspec
tion in siek after the goods are distributed over the State is certainly a great
protection to honest manufacturers against those who may have availed them
selves of any of the various schemes to secure higher analyses than their pro
ducts will actually show when caught away from home and forced to stand
upon the analysis of the contents of the brande 1 sack this branded sack
showingjust what kind of goods were actually bought by the farmer under
this particular brand
As inspections were not made in bulk this season before the goods left the4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
factory but after they were distributed throughout the state we have been
naturally considerably delayed in securingsainples Heretofore each manufac
turer hag been anxious to have an inspector to come immediately at the open
ing of the season to inspect his goods as be could not ship until this was
done Besides his goods at the opening of the fertilize year were well sea
soned and their percentage of valuable ingredients well known from the
analysis of their private chemists Later in the year when the first slock is ex
hausted hurriedly made goods costing the manufacturer just as much to make
them as the first lot do not always show as good analyses and are consequently
not so valuable as plant food
The inspectors now take samples wherever they car find the goodssacked
and although this combined with the slowness of some manufacturer to reg
ister has causedsome delay yet by diligent and close application to the duties
of the department the work is now further advanced than is usual at this date
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS
In this Bulletin is published the minimum guaranteed analysis of the man
ufacturers The maximum guaranteed analysis is omitted as being misleading
in some instances the goods not approximating it nor being intended to do
so While this is not true of the majority of brands yet as the maker is only
legally bound by his minimum guarantee no other is given
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS
ADDRESS DELIVERED BY DR G F PAYNE BEFORE THE GEORGIA
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AT CUTHBERT GA
FEBRUARY LI 1891
Ladies and GentlemenThe subject upon which 1 have been requested to
make a few remarks is one no doubt with which all of the gentlemen present
are more or less familiar and one with which I trust the ladies will not get out
of patience and that is commercial fertilizers
From the earliest days of ancient agriculture when the soil was turned with
a crocked stick until the present with its sulky and steam plows has the
value of animal manure been fully recognized
In no country has the use of farmyard manure been more fully developed than
inmodern France It is a maxim there that no farm canbe cultivated success
fully without keeping stock and that stock area necessary evil Yet France
today turns to chemical manures as her only hope of salvation from the agri
cultural depression of the present
With her small holdings of land and the competition of the broad acres of
foreign countries she is studying the matter deeply and treating it as a busiANALYSES 0F COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192
ess problem which involves securing the most profitable returns for the cap
ital and labor expended
The use of farm yard manure in Georgia today is certainly impracticable on
a large scale nor do I believe that it is in the line of true progress
That eminent French writer and chemist Monsieur Georges Ville who has
probably studied the subject as thoroughly as it has ever been done says that
it is an undeniable fact that except under rare and altogether exceptional
circumstances farming operations carried on solely with manure produced on
the farm itself havefor a long time ceased to be remunerative
Chemical fertilizers are but in their infancy they belong to the nineteenth
century developments with the locomotive and the electric light
The farmers of reorgia left destitute by the results of the war the slaves no
longer their own their stock consumed in warfare and as food for both friend
and foe quickly availed themselves of the most advanced knowledge on the
subject and the fertilizer business of Georgia has rapidly grown to bean
enormous one
Fifteen year ago no fertilizers were made in the State although the busi
ness was even then well under way but was in the products of outside factories
The season preceding the last Georgias consumption of chemical fertilizers
suddenly increased over forty per cent This large quantity used in 1890 was
greatly exceeded in 1891 just past The amount reaching over three hundred
thousand tons by far the largest quantity sold in any State in the Union
What was the result Two of the largest cotton crops known in the history of
the State The low price of cotton which resulted from these two successive
enormous crops has been most disastrous unusually large crops thrown upon
the markets of the world demoralize values The crop of 180 found a good
market at fair prices the impression abroad being that it was an exceptionally
good year but when the figures of 1891 began to roll up the impression be
came general that the huge yields had become a permanency and prices rap
idly sank in sympathy with this view of the situation Chemical fertilizers
bad bountifully fulfilled all which had been expected of them but the judg
ment which bad placed them all under cotton was at fault With the famines
in Europe and the high prices of wheat corn and oats with the splendid sea
son we enjoyed bow different would have been the result if onefourth of our
fertilizers labor and fields had been given up to these grains during the past
year There would have been less western corn and bacon to buy at high prices
and a smaller but far more profitable cotton crop
Time and again it has been demonstrated that land which in its ordinary
state can only raise from onefourth to onethird of a bale of cotton per acre
by the use of chemical manures can be made to yield from one to two bales
or even more To buy one acre and work one acre and fertilize it must be more
profitable than paying for six times as much land and six times as much labor
and at the end of the season securing only an equal harvest This fact is no
doubt fully understood and appreciated by you all
In the growth of all plants there are only fourteen different substances re
tired These fourteen elements as tbey are called are carbon hydrogen
oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulphur chlorine silicon iron manganese cal
cium magnesium sodium and potassiumDFlA RTM EKT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
There are man thousand species of plants yet all of them both edible and
nonedible harmless and poisonous contain nothing more than these fourteen
above named bodies Ordinary air contains nitrogen oxygen and carbonic
acid and water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen hence these two sources
yield a never failing supply of carbon oxygen and hydrogen While nitrogen is
present in enormous quantities in our atmosphere only such plants as clovers
peas beans etc are able to obtain a supply from this source
The four substances phosphorus nitrogen potash and calcium when ex
hausted from a soil cause it to be sterile of the other ten elements necessary
for plant growth three carbon oxygen and hydrogen are furnished by the
atmosphere ami the rains The remaining seven sulphur chlorine silicon
iron manganese magnesium and sodium exist in nearly all soils in ample
quantities
To restore exhausted fields to their original fertility or to even greater rich
ness the fanner must add either one or more as his land may require of phos
phorus nitrogen potash or calcium A fertilizer containing these four ingre
dients is called a complete manure
Many clay soils which are formed by the decomposition of feldapathic rocks
at first contain ample potash Such lands could be most economically fertilized
by omitting potash were it not for the fact that the available potash is soluble
in water and is frequently rapidly washed out of cultivated fields by the rains
Some sections contain much lime winch is a form of calcium furnished by
limestones marls etc Lime salts are not so readily washed out of arablesoils
as those of potash and besides existing usually in sufficient quantity in the
land they exist as sulphate ot lime in considerable amount in all our fertilizers
as they are commonly manufactured from phosphate rock or bone For these
reasons phosphorus nitrogen and potash are universally considered as the
valuable ingredients of commercial fertilizers
The more progressive agricultural Slates now publish annually what they
consider a fair valuation on these three articles of plant food Phosphorus is
sold in the form of phosphoric acid nitrogen is offered in such combinations
as nitrogenous organic bodies ammonias nitrates etc potash is usually sold
in the form of a muriate or a sulphate
The valuations are lixed by the various States upon the exact percentage
contained in a fertilizer of available phosphoric acid ammonia or nitrogen and
actual iotasi
These three most valuable plant fIs occur in many forms Each of them
when in a state of absolute purity are perfectly colorless The most concen
trated fertilizer it is possible to produce would exist as a pure white powder
without smell It is a great mistake to think that color or smell indicates the
worth of a fertilizer
They actually indicate the presence of unnecessary bodies
The infinite and allwise mind has with wonderful wisdom prepared great
storebouses of phosphates nitrates and potashes for our use
Phosphates are found in large quantities in South Carolina Florida Canada
and in a number of foreign localities Immense beds of nitrates are found in
Chili 5 And at Strassfurth Germany potash salts are mined so cheaply thaiANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 7
they are sold in this country at the same price per pound of actual potash as
is charged per pound lor available phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid is the most important of the fertilizing chemicals to the
Georgia farmer Nearly every unfertile soil needs it and it is the dominant
of cotton and of corn Our chief sources of this valuable fertilizer are the
phosphates of lime
Bone meal owes its value to both the phosphate of lime and the nitrogenous
animal matter which it contains
Bone meal is expensive and while furnishing much nitrogen its phosphoric
acid is but slowly given up to the plant When treated with strong mineral
acids part of the lime is taken up by the strong acid and the phosphoric
acid becomes readily available to the plant
Bone meal bone ash bone black and phosphate rock are treated with strong
sulphuric acid forming acid phosphates and superphosphates
Both bone and phosphaterock which is chiefly used because so much
cheaper aretricalcic phosphates that is every molecule of phosphoric acid is
combined with three molecules of lime Florida phosphate rock and South
Carolina phosphate rock are both tricalcic phosphates
This form of phosphoric acid combined with three parts of lime is insoluble
either in water or the weak acids of the soil hence we call it insoluble because
itis insoluble in the fields Strong sulphuric acid will dissolve it and by means
of it are phosphate rocks made available as plant food Tricalcic phosphate or
bone phosphate as it is sometimes called is forced to give up two of its mole
cules of lime to the powerful sulphuric acid forming sulphate of lime or gyp
suin The tricalcic phosphate of lime has now become a monoealcie phos
phate only one molecule of lime being combined with the phosphoric
acid This monoealcie phosphate is soluble in water and readily available to
the plant The sulphuric acid is neutralized by the lime The product is
spoken of as superphosphate of lime or as an acid phosphate of lime The
term acid phosphate is usually thought to refer to the neutralized sulphuric
acid but really refers to the excess of phosphoric acid in the existing lime
salt The original tricalcic phosphate containing an excess of the lime or
base might be spoken of as basic phosphate of lime
When acid phosphate of lime has been made some time this execs of
phosphoric acid manages to get back some of the lime and then we have
bicalcic phosphateone molecule of phosphoric acid to two of lime This
variety of phosphate of lime is insoluble in water but soluble in the weak
acids of the soil It is also called reverted or gone back phosphoric acid and
is always included as available
When one looks at the analyses of acid phosphates ami notices that the
only contain about fifteen per cent or even less of available phosphoric acid
he naturally wishes to know what is the balance of its ingredients
Phosphate rock is the chief source of phosphoric acid and only contains on
an average from fiftyfive to sixty per cent of tricalcic or bone phosphate the
other thirtyfive or forty per cent consists of water sand iron alumina and
sulphates and carbonates of lime and magnesia If these were separated it
would increase the cost of the fertilizer considerably hence the crude rock is
used The tricalcic phosphate in the rock only carries enough phosphoric acid
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
to make the whole rock yield about thirty per cent of it so when to a ton of
this thirty per cent rock a ton of sulphuric acid is added to render the phos
phoric ac id available we have the whole thirty per cent distributed between
the resulting two tons of acid phosphate which gives fifteen per cent to each of
them By far the largest percentage of any ingredient in the goods will be the
sulphate of lime or gypsum formed by the sulphuric acid combining with two
thirds of the lime present
Goods can be made much more concentrated by freeing them from this large
quantity of sulphate of lime but of course at an increased cost per pound for the
available phosphoric acid This would be somewhat offset by the much smaller
expense of shipping more concentrated goods I recently analyzed an acid phos
phate containing over fortythree per cent of available phosphoric acid and
nearly all of it was present in the soluble form
Nitrogen and ammonia are obtained from many different sources Tn some
States the valuations are made upon the nitrogen contained in a fertilizer and
in other States it is based upon the ammonia calculated from the nitrogen
Seventeen pounds of ammonia containing fourteen pound of nitrogen
Nitrogen is obtained from nitrate of soda fish scrap tankage blood cotton
seed mealand ammonia salts Nitrate of soda is equivalent to nineteen per
cent of ammonia fish scrap to about seven per cent tankage to nine per
cent blood about sixteen per cent cotton seed meal about eight per cent
and sulphate of ammonia about twentyfive percent As ammonia in its free
state is a gas it is sold in combination with some acid like sulphuric acid to
form an easily handled salt Nitric acid which is another form of nitrogen
is usually sold in combination with some base like soda for instance forming
nitrate of soda These are our two strongest commercial nitrogenous manures
and only carry nitrogen equivalent to twentyfive and nineteen per cent of
ammonia
To concentrate the ammonia of fish scrap tankage blood or cotton seed
meal would be impracticable on account of the expense and there would also
be a loss of some phosphoric acid and potash
Potash is chiefly obtained from the salts of potash imported as ballast from
Strassfurth Germany The impure sulphate of potash or kainit contains only
about 12 per cent of actual potash To free it from its impurities increases the
value per pound of the actual potash Muriate of potash or chlorkalium the
name under which the Germans sell it contains eighty per cent of muriate of
potash or about fifty per cent actual potash Pure potash absorbs water from
the air and is very caustic To free it from its combinations would not only
increase the cost but make it difficult to handle
With acid phosphates carrying fifteen per cent available phosphoric acid
ammoniates with seven to twentyrive ammonia and potash salts containing
from twelve to fifty per cent of potash it is easy to see how hard it is with
such crude material to produce an approximately pure fertilizer except by
considerably increasing the expense by purification
AN it h the Georgia valuation of four cents a pound on phosphoric acid twelve
cents a pound on ammonia and four cents a pound for potash a fairly average
chemical fertilizer figures up to a value of sixteen dollars per ton not includ
ing mixing and sacking Our chemical manures are not as concentrated asANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192
9
we would like yet theyare many times more concentrated than ordinary barn
yard manure Barnyard manure contains onlv 3ftr per cent of phosphoric
acid Pfo per cent of ammonia and Vlo per cent of potash Now if we estimate
these three ingredients at the valuations of the Department of Agriculture of
four cents per pound for available phosphoric acid twelve cents a pound for
ammonia and four cents a pound for potash as other fertilizers are valued we
will have in a ton of good barnyard manure twentyeight cents worth of phos
phoric acid 144 worth of ammonia and twentyfour cents worth of potash a
total value of 196 per ton Now in a ton of au average chemical fertilizer there
is ten per cent of available phosphoric acid worth 800 two and a half per
cent of ammonia worth 000 and two onehalf percent of potash worth 2no
which gives a total value of Shi00 per ton or over eight times the value of the
stableyard manure When mixed with much hay or straw barnyard ma
nure is worth even less than 196 a ton I have given the value of a good
sample of it at just the price its fertilizing ingredients can be bought for in the
Open market There are chemical manures now sold in this State containing
eight per cent available phosphoric acid six per cent ammonia and six per
cent of potash A ton of this high grade goods at above valuations would be
worth over 2500 so we can state in round numbers that a ton of commercial
fertilizer is worth from eight to twelve tons of ordinary manure
To attempt to sustain the fertility of a field by only adding the manure pro
duced by the animals fed upon its crops is impracticable as every product
sold from that field must diminish its contents of plant food and the disinte
gration of the soil is far too slow to supply such waste
The bulky nature o farmyard manures either fluid or solid makes them
expensive articles to handle I know of a case where a gentleman some
miles from a large city was offered these two manures free if he would haul
them away By careful calculation he found that he could purchase the same
amount of fertilizing materials in the form of chemicals and lay them down
on his farm for less money than the cost of hauling the bulky manure
We still have some of the old false ideas clinging to us Farmers vet be
lieve that a dark fertilizer is better than a light colored one So manufact
urers put in a few pounds of lampblack and where smell is desired fish
scrap furnishes much smell for very little fish Manufacturers naturally wish
to please the fancies of their customers
When a farmer buys a fertilizer on time he has to pay a long price to cover
probable losses and the manufacturer explains this away by sayinir that the
valuations of the Department are entirely too low and that goods cannot pos
sibly be bought at the values given In reply to this I will state that 1 have
letters from the majority of the prominent manufacturers offering to sell for
cash at prices well within the limits of these valuations It is from their cash
prices thai valuations are gotten up by the Department
During the past season there was sold in this State over 300000 tons of
commercial fertilizers As the average chemical fertilizer is eight times as con
centrated as good barnyard manure this amount of 300000 tons would have
required 2401000 tons of the manure produced on the farm to equal it The
passage of the no fence law in many of the counties has actually decreased
the amount of stock owned in Georgia Farmers dislike to fence in their10
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
cattle and do not care to give up half their fields for pasturage as is done in
Europe for the purpose of saving their manure The enormous sales of chem
ical fertilizers show the high estimate of their value and how necessary they
have become With the low price of cotton the problem is now how ti pro
duce the crop most cheaply under the conditions existing on a given farm
The individual fanner cannot control the size of the general crop nor its price
in the markets of the world but he can largely control its cost of production
to himself and consequently his profit or loss
One means by which this can be done is that of testing the requirements of
his fields for a given crop and learning what it needs and what it does not need
This can be done by a farmer by dividing an average section of Ins land into
seven plats and fertilizing one with phosphoric acid another with ammonia
one with both phosphoric ac 1 anil ammonia then one with potash another
with phosphoric acid and potash one with potash and ammonia and still an
other with all three phosphoric acid ammonia and potash In another sot
of similar plats fertilized as above he can test the value of the addition of lime
to each and in the fifteenth plat he can try the value of the addition of lime
alone Use the same amount of seed in each plat cultivate all alike and at
the end of the season weigh the result of the harvest from each separately
This experiment will show you what it is not necessary to buy as your land
does not need it and what must be added to produce the best results
In raising some crops there may be occasionally an absence in the soil of
one of the seven elements usually considered existing in ample quantity Dr
Griffiths the celebrated English agriculturist found that the addition of
only 100 pounds of iron sulphate to the acre increased bis crop of beans nearly
fifty per cent an enormous return for a small amount of a chemical worth
only about SITil He also found that using a larger quantity than 111 pounds
actually decreased his crop
Chemists and farmers are studying the fertilizer question more closely than
ever before Chemists are now looking diligently for an economical method
of fixing the nitrogen of our boundless atmosphere The air we breathe is
fourfifths nitrogen ami only onefifth oxygen hence we have in air and water
all the needed elements for making either nitrates or ammonia This fixing of
the nitrogen of the air can be done now but not cheaply enough A certain
chemist however is already claiming that he has discovered a method of se
curing it which will cost only one cent a pound for the ammonia produced
I trust the day is not far distant when the farmers of our State will not de
pend upon complex manures containing man ingredients not needed hut
buy phosphoric acid ammonia and potash in the proportions demanded by
their own particular lands lor a given crop Econominal fertilization is to give
the land only what is necessary and to avoid a policy like that of the shotgun
prescription of many ingredients given bythe doctor hoping that some will hitANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 11
ELLINGTON BILL
No las
An Act to regulate the sale of fertilizers in this state to fix a method for de
termining the value of the same and for other purposes
Section I Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and it is here
by enacted by authority of the same That from and after the passage of this
Act it shall be lawful for any purchaser of fertilizers from any owner thereof
or agent of such owner to require of the person selling and at the time of
the sale or delivery to take from each lot of eacdi brand sold a sample of its
contents
Sec II Be it further enacted That said sample so taken shall be mixed to
gether and placed in a bottle jar or such other receptacle as the purchaser
may present It shall then be the duty of such purchaser and seller to deliver
said package to the Ordinaryof the county who shall label same with the
names of the parties and of the fertilizers
Sec III Be it further enacted That said Ordinary shall safely keep said
package allowing neither partv access to the same save as hereinafter pro
vided The ordinary shall receive a fee of ten 10 cents from the party de
positing such sample for each sample so deposited
Sec IV He it further enacted That should said purchaser after having used
such fertilizer upon his crops have reason to believe from the yields thereof
that said fertilizer was totally orjpartially worthless he shall notify the seller
and apply to the Ordinary to forward the said sample deposited with him or a
sufficiency thereof to insure a fair analysis to the State Chemist without stat
ing the name of the parties the name of the fertilizer or giving its guaranteed
analysis the cost of sending beingprepaid by the purchaser
Sec V Be it further enacted That it shall be the duty of said State Chemist
to analyze and send a copy of theresult to said Ordinary
Sec VI Be it further enactedjThat should said analysis show that said fer
tilizer comes up to the guaranteed analysis upon which it is sold then the
statement so sent to the State Chemist shall be conclusive evidence against a
plea of partial or total failure of consideration But should said analysis show
that such fertilizer does not come up to the guaranted analysis then the sale
shall be illegal null and voidandjwhen jsuit is brought upon any evidence of
indebtedness given for such fertilizer the statement of such Chemist so trans
mitted to the Ordinary shalljbe conclusive evidence of the facts whether such
evidence of indebtedness is held by an innocent third party or not
Sec VII Beit further enacted That in lieu of the State Chemist should the
parties to the contractagree upon some other chemist to make said analysis
all the provisions of this Act shall apply to his analysis and report to the Ir
dinary
Sec VIII Be it further enacted That should the seller refuse to take said
sample when so required by the purchaser then upon proof of this fact the
purchaser shall be entitledlto his plea of failure of consideration and to
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
support the same by proof of the want of effect and benefit of said fertilizer
upon his ciop which proof shall be sufficient to authorize the jury to sustain
defendants plea within whole or in part whether said suit is brought by an
innocent holder or not
Sec IX Be it further Miacted That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with
this Act be and the same are hereby repealed
Approved December 27 1890
Sp vial attention is calhil to
Sec 1Requiring seller to tike the sample
Sec IIRequiring piirchas r and seller to deliver package to Ordinarj
Sec III Requiring Ordinary to keep package allowing neither party access to the same
Sec IV Requiring the forwarding of samples after seeing the yield of crop
Sec IVRequiring cost of sending being prepaid by purchaser
REMARKS ON THE ELLINGTON BILL
Unless the law is complied with and samples are taken in the presence of
purchaser and seller and kept in charge of the Ordinary the State Chemist will
nut make the analyses If the sample is not taken in the presence of the seller
and kept in charge by the Ordinary until sent to the Chemist a dishonest pur
chaser by taking his own sample during the absence of the seller and mixing
it with dirt could cause the ruin of an honest man and vice versa a rascally
dealer by adding richer ingredients or substituting another sample could
swindle an honest farmer
It is impossible under the law for the Chemist to have any knowledge
whatever of the names of the parties or of the names of the fertilizers or of
heir guarantees This is eminently proper as it is equally so that neither
purchaser nor seller should have private access to the sample
The farmers desire protection against lowgrade goods and dishonest dealers
proper care and attention to this law will certainly secure it
The State Chemist earnestly requests the sealing with wax of all samples in
presence of buyer and seller Although the law does not require it it is advis
able that it should be done A record should be kept by the Ordinary of the
names of the two parties the names of the brand and the guarantee and the
samples should he numbered as taken and a corresponding number should be
put upon the bottles When I he sample is sent to the Chemist everything
should he scraped off the bottle but the number or the sample should be
place1 in another bottle and numbered to correspond with bis record book to
prevent samples getting mixed The Ordinary should write the name of the
county on the package when shipping that the Chemist may know to what
county the package belongs It is impossible sometimes to identify samples
which are Bent to this office by the sender failing to write on the package where
t is fromANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 189192
COTTON SEED MEAL
Must be Inspected under tht Calvin Bill
The Calvin Bill relating to the inspection and analyses of cotton seed meal
does not seem to be thoroughly understood by manufacturers and dealers in
that article
Under the bill all cotton seed meal must be inspected and analyzed before
it can without violating the law be sold or offered for sale to be used as a fer
tilizer or for any other purpose
Rules and regulations governing these inspections have been prescribed by
the Commissioner and will be printed but in order that through misappre
hension no sales in violation of the Act may be made the Commissioner issues
the following
Calvin Bill
A bill to be entitled an Act to require all cotton seed meal to be subjected to
analysis ami inspection as a condition precedent to being offered for sale
and to forbid the sale in this State of such cotton seed meal if it be shown
by the official analysis that the same contains less than 7 per centum of am
monia to prescribe a penalty for the violation of the provisions of tbis Act
and for other purposes
Section I Beit enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and it is
hereby enacted by the authority of the same That from and after the passage
of this Act it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to offer for sale in
this State any cotton seed meal until the same shall have been duly analyzed
by the State Chemist and inspected as now requited by law in the matter of
all fertilizers and chemicals for manufacturing or composting purposes nor
shall it be lawful to offer such cotton seed meal for sale in this State if it be
shown by the official analysis that the same contains less than 7 per centum
of ammonia provided that the provisions of this Act as to the per centum
mentioned in this section shall not apply to meal manufactured from sea island
cotton seed but the Commissioner of Agriculture shall upon the passage of
this Act fix and make public a minimum per centum which shall control as
to the cotton seed meal referred to in this proviso provided further that if
any cotton seed meal shall not analyze up to the required per centum of am
monia the same may be offered for sale as secondclass meal provided the
true analysis be made known to the purchaser and stamped on the sack
Sec II Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid That there shall
be branded upon or attached to each sack barrel or package of cotton seed
meal offered for sale in this State the true analysis as determined by the
State Chemist and the number of pounds net in such sack barrel or package
Sec III Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid that it shall be
the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to take all steps necessary to
make effective the provisions of sections 1 and 2 of this Act14
DEPA RTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE i E RGIA
Section IV of the Act makes the person or persons violating the provisions
of the Act guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction punished as prescribed
in section 4310 of the Code
Sec V repeals conflicting laws
I desire to call the attention of all manufacturers of and dealers in cotton
seed meal to the above law which requires the inspection tagging and analy
sisof all cottoi seed meal whether gold for cattle food fertilizer purposes or
other uses This law will be enforced and I most earnestly request all manu
facturers to promptly comply with its requirements And in case of doubt as
to the method to apply to the Department of Agriculture for the rules and
regulations governing such inspections
R T NESBITT
Commissioner of Agriculture
new law governing the inspection of fertil
izers AND FERTILIZER MATERIALS
On the 19th of October 1891 an Act the full text of which is here given was
approved by the Governor In many respects it changes the method of inspect
ing fertilizers and fertilizer materials and in these changes the Commissioner
trusts that all manufacturers and dealers or their agents will willingly acquiesce
as the Department will require and will see that the law and the regulations
established by the Commissioner are carried out The assent and coopera
tion of manufacturers and dealers or their agents will obviously render their
dealings with the Department more pleasant and at the same time will better
enable the Commissioner to give an efficient service and will aid him more
readily to detect any spurious article that is sought to be imposed upon the
people of the State and in protecting the farmers at the same time to protect
the honest manufacturer and dealer
AN ACT
To amend and consolidate the laws governing the inspection analysis and
sale of commercial fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed meal in the state
of Georgiaand to rep ad all other laws and parts of laws in conflict there
with and for oilier purposes
Section I Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of reorgia That
all manufacturers of or dealers in commercial fertilizers or chemicals or
cotton seed meal to be used in manufacturing the same who may desire to
sell or offer for sale in the State of Georgia such fertilizers chemicals or cot
ton seed meal shall first file with the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State
of Georgia the name of each brand of fertilizers or chemicals which lie or they
may desire to sell in said State either by themselves or their agents together
with the name of the manufacturer the place where manufactured and alsoANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 15
the guaranteed analysis thereof and if the same fertilizer is sold under dif
ferent names said fact shall be so stated and the different brands that are
identical shall lie named
Si II Be it further enacted That all fertilizers or chemicals for manufact
uring the same and all cotton seed meal offered for sale or distribution in
this State shall have branled upon or attached to each bag barrel or pack
age the guaranteed analysis thereof showing the percentage of valuable ele
ments or ingredients such fertilizers or chemicals contain embracing the fol
lowing determinations
Moisture at 212 deg Fabpercent
Insoluble phosphoric acid percent
Available phosphoric acid per t
Ammonia actual and potential
Potash K2O
percent
Lne analysis so placed upon or attached to said fertilizer or chemical shall be
a guarantee by the manufacturer agent or person offering the same for sal
that it contains substantially the ingredients indicated thereby in the per
centages named therein and said guarantee shall ba binding on said manufac
turer agent or dealer and may be pleaded in any action or suit at law to show
total or partial failure of consideration in the contract for the sale of said fer
tilizer chemical or cotton seed meal
Sec III Be it further enacted That it shall be the hit v of the Commissioner
ot Agriculture to forbid the sale of either of the lollwhig Any acid phos
phate which contains less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid
any acid phosphate with potash which contains a sum total of less than ten
per centum of available phosphoric acid and potash when the per cents of the
two are added together any acid phosphate with ammonia which contains a
sum total less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid and ammo
nia when the per cents of the two are added together any acid phosphate with
ammonia and potash which contains a sum total of leas than ten per centum
of available phosphoric acid ammonia and potash when the per cents of the
three are added together that no brands shall be sold as ammoniated super
phosphates unless said brands contain 2 per cent or more of ammonia And
also to forbid the sale of all cotton seed meal which is shown by official
analysis to contain less than 7 per centum of ammonia Nothing in this Act
shall be construed to nullify any of the requirements of an Act entitled an Act
to require ths inspection and analysis of cotton seed meal
Sec 1 V Be it further enacted That all persons or firms v ho may desire or
intend to sell fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal in this State shall for
ward to the Commissioner of Agriculture a printed or plainly written request
for the tags therefor stating the name of the brand the name of the manufact
urer the place where manufactured the number of tons of each brand and
the number of tags required and the person or persons to whom the same is
consigned the guaranteed analysis also the number of pounds contained in
each hag barrel or package in which said fertilizer chemical or cotton seed
meal is put up And shall at the time of said requesl for tags forward directly
to the Commissioner of Agriculture the sum of ten cents per ton as an inspec
tion fee whereupon it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture10
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
to issue tags to parties so applying who shall attach a tag to each bag ba
or package thereof which when so attached to said bag barrel or package
shall be prima facia evidence that the seller has complied with the require
ments of this Act Any tags left in the possession of the manufacture
dealers at the end of the season shall not be used for another season nor shall
they be redeemable by the Department of Agriculture
Sec V Be it further enacted That it shall not be lawful for any person firm
or corporation either by themselves or their agents to sell or offer for sale in
this State any fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal without first register
ing the same with the Commissioner of Agriculture as required by this Act
and the fact that the purchaser waives the inspection and analysis thereof
shall be no protection to said party so selling or offering the same for sale
Sec V Be it further enacted That the Commissioner of Agriculture shall
appoint twelve inspectors of fertilizers or so many inspectors as in said
Commissioners judgment may be necessary who shall hold their offices
for such terms as said Commissioner of Agriculture shall in his judgment
think best for carrying out the provisions of this Act The greatest compensa
tion that any one inspector of fertilizers shall receive shall be at the rate of
line hundred dollars per month and his actual expenses while in the dis
charge of his duty as such inspector It shall be their duty to inspect all fertili
zers chemicals or cotton seed meal that may be found at any pointy within
the limits of this State and go to any point when so directed by tiie Com
missioner of Agriculture and shall see that all fertilizers chemicals or cotton
seed meal are properly tagged
Sec VII Be it further enacted That each inspector of fertilizers shall be
provided with bottles in which to place samples of fertilizers chemicals or
cotton seed meal drawn by him and shall also be provided with leaden tags
numbered in duplicate from one upward and it shall be the duty of each in
spector of fertilizers to draw a sample of all fertilizers chemicals and cotton
seed meal that he maybe requested to inspect or that he may find unin
spected and he shall fill two sample bottles witli each brand and place one
leaden tag of same number in each sample bottle and shall plainly write on a
label on said bottles the number corresponding to the number on said leaden
tags in said bottles and shall also write on the label on one of said bottles the
name of the fertilizer chemical or cotton seed meal inspected the name of the
manufacturer the place where manufactured the place where inspected the
date of inspection and the name of inspector and shall send or cause to be
sent to the Commissioner of Agriculture the samples so drawn by him an
nexed to a full Report of said inspection written on the form prescribed
by said Commissioner of Agriculture which reportmust be numbered to cor
respond with the number on said sample bottles and number on the leaden
tags placed therein and it shall also be the duty of said inspectors of fertili
zers to keep a complete record of all inspections made by them on forms pre
scribed by said Commissioner of Agriculture Before entering upon the dis
charge of their duties they shall take and subscribe before some officer au
thorized to administer the same an oath faithfully to discharge all the duties
which may be required of them in pursuance of this ActANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZEJRS189192 17
Sec VIII Be it further enacted That the Commissioner of Agriculture
shall have the authority to establish such rules and regulations in regard to
the inspection analysis and sale of fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed
meal not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as in his judgment will
best carry out the requirements thereof
Sec IX Be it further enacted That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner
of Agriculture to keep a correct account of all money received from the in
spection of fertilizers and to pay the same into the Treasury after paying out
the said sum of expenses and salaries of inspectors and for the tags and bottles
used in making such inspections
Sec X Be it further exacted That ail contracts for the sale of fertilizersTr
chemicals in the State of Georgia made in any other manner than as required
by this Act shall be absolutely void provided that nothingjin this Act shall
be construed to restrict or avoid sales of acid phosphate kainit or other fertili
zer material inbulkto each other by importers manufacturers or manipu
lators who mix fertilizer material for sale or as preventing the free and unre
stricted shipment of these articles in bulk to manufacturers or manipulators
who mix fertilizer material for sale
Sec XL Be it further enacted That any person selling or offering for sale
any fertilizers or chemicals without having first complied with the provisions
of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall
be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Code of Georgia
Sec XII Be it further enacted That all laws and parts of laws in conflict
with this Act be and the same are hereby repealed
1 With the provisions of the above law the Commissioner requests that
all manufacturers and dealers in commercial fertilizers chemicals and other
fertilizer material immediately comply
While the law itself is sufficiently explicit to be thoroughly understood t
facilitate its operations the following form for registration is prescribed
REQUEST FOR REGISTRATION
To R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
You are hereby requested to register for sale and distribution in the State
of Georgiamanufactured by
at
THE FOLLOWING IS THE GUARANTEED ANALYSIS OF THE BEAN
Moisture at 212 Fah
Insoluble phosphoric acid
percent
Available phosphoric acid
per cent
Ammoniaactual and potential
Potash K O Percent
2ag per cent18
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The ammonia is in the form of
Theis put up inof
ibs each
It is identical with
In consideration of being allowed to sell and distribute the above brand
before the official analysis thereof is madeagree and bind
to cancel all sales thereof and forfeit all
claims for purchase money therefor if after the official analysis is made the
Commissioner of Agriculture shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law
2 Under section 4 relating to request for tags in order that no delay may
occur in shipments the manufacturer or dealer need not notify the Depart
ment at the time of the request for tags of the name of the purchaser or con
signee but must notify the Commissioner in writing of every sale or consign
ment on the day in which the same is made This notice must distinctly state
the brand of the fertilizer or the name of the chemical or fertilizer material
and the number of tons together with the name of the purchaser or consignee
and their place of residence It must request inspection and contain an agree
ment to cancel all sales thereof in the event the Commissioner shall prohibit
its sale in accordance with law The following form may be used substantial
compliance with the above rule being regarded as sufficient
NOTICE OF SALES AND CONSIGNMENTS AND REQUEST FOR
INSPECTION
18
To R T Neibitt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
You are hereby notified thathave this day made the fol
lowing sales and consignments and request that the same be inspected
c
d a CO 3 QD
ca a s T 9
44 a SJ 3 ao

s o 3 1C t
o J3 5 0 0 jfl
In consideration of being allowed to sell and distribute the above before
the official analysis thereof is madeagree and bind
to cancel all sales thereof and forfeit all claims for purchase
money therefor if after the official analysis is made the Commissioner of
Agriculture shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law
Manufacturers and dealers by this rule are not required to delay ship
ment in order that the inspection may be made but are required to see
that their goods are properly tagged the inspection being made while the
fertilizer or fertilizer material is in the hands of the purchaser or consignee
3 All orders for tags must be sent direct to the Department and the requestANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 189192
19
must be accompanied with the tees for inspection at the rate of ten cents per
ton for the fertilizer or fertilizer material on which the are to be used
Manufacturers and dealers or their agents may request tags in such quanti
ties as they see tit but each request must state distinctly the brand or brands
on which they are to be used with the number of tons of the brand or of each
of said brands
It is not necessary that the fertilizer or fertilizer material be actually on hand
at the time the request is made but manufacturers or dealers can order such a
number of tags as they may need during the season bearing in mind that no
tags carried over will be redeemed by the Department
In the event that more tags are ordered for any brand than it is ascer
tained can be used on the sales and consignments of that brand by proper
notice with the consent of the Commissioner the tags can be used on an
other brand put up in packages or sacks of the same weight and sold or
consigned the same season
4 If a fertilizer be offered for registration inspection or sale brandedas
either of the following
Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Guano
Guano
Fertilizer
or other words implying that the same is an ammoniated superphosphate
the guaranteed analysis must claim that it contains not less than 2 per cent
of ammonia actual or potential
That part of section excepting from the operations of the Act an
Act to require the inspection and analysis of cotton seed meal leaves the
inspection of that article under the Calvin bill which requires that all cot
ton seed meal for whatever purpose to be used be inspected It is there
fore necessary and is required that a request for inspection be sent to the
Commissioner and that the inspection be made in the hands of the manu
facturer dealer or their agent or if shipped in the State at some conven
ient point before the meal is sold or distributed In all cases fees will be
sent direct to the Commissioner who will immediately order the nearest
inspector to make the inspectionTABLE No 1
Ammoniated Guanos Containing Two Per Cent and Upward of Ammonia
NAME OF BRAND
CO
S
Phosphoric Arid

K
E
O
Guaranteed
Analysis

c


cd

An 5

Fl
Sa 8
5
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFAClURED

o
tr1
H
C
w
o
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Amercus Guano
Atlanta Ammoniated Supeiphosphate
Ashepoo Fertilizer
Ashley Complete Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
A A Special Preparation
Ammoniated Dissolved Bune
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
Allimee Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
A A Special Preparation
Bone Compound
E in
E 116
D 106
2662
2662
C 18
D 106C 18
C 107 0 7
H 111 2705
II KM 2716
B 14
C 8
268
2657
27111
2644
A 10
C 12
c 102
c 108
D 1M9
F 101
E 133
115
A 109
K 111
990
9IK
1157
1157
1224
1699
1551
1352
1155
904
1687
1283
1385
907
1566
308
308
I i
1 ir
123
129
203
362
178
97
146
267
564
564
759
739
784
709
668
783
859
618
652
784
168 739
184 sll
19 723
24
215
160
160
251
206
246
103
206
346
266
191
209
268
2 II
i
S09
809
919
919
1039
915
911
886
10631
964
9 IS
975
9 is
1679
937
226
220
262
202
247
265
260
210
261
240
205
220
2 12
266
231
L
159
159
254
254
287
150
176
266
219
205
211
152
220
125
181
SI 61
15 61
18 84
46 SI
19 II
17 IS
18 12
16 86
19 12
17 7
16 56
16 90
17 61
IS 17
17 16
2
i
A
i Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Amer cus Guano Co A merit1 us Ga
1 Americua Guano Co Americus Ga
I Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
L Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
I Ashley Phosphate C CharlestonS C
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
lVa G Ob r S ns Co Baltimore Md
1 Rawls Webb Cuthb rt Ga
2 Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
l The ell Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Mi G Ober c Sons Co Baltimore Md
V Goulriing Im rtilizerCo Pensacola FJa
I and Dublin hvhtii1Burke County Fertilizer
Cotton and Corn Compound
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Cooper and Johnson Ammoniated Diss Bone
Double Anchor Soluble Guano
Economize
Etiwan Guano
Eddystone Soluble Guano
Eddystone Soluble Guano
Elephant Guano
Eutaw Fertilizer
Electric Guano
Farmers Ammonated Dissolved Bon
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Farmers Standard Guano
Jno M Greens Formula
Jno M Greens Formula
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia State Grange Stand Am Supeiphos
Good Enough Guano
Gouldings St George
Georgia Pacific Guano
Georgia Fertilizer
Hightower Co Ammoniated Diss Bone
Hogansville Guano
H 110 270J 924 161 716 178 894 225 205 16 75 1 8 2 1
H 111 2705 1699 12 709 206 915 265 150 17 48 2 8 2
C 109 2648 1390 181 692 14 838 216 312 16 95 1 8 2 2
D 122 2680 1305 101 720 208 928 211 231 11 m 8 2 1
A 113 B 11 700 210 788 221 1009 261 104 17 75 iy2 8 2 1
E 133 2719 1283 2117 784 191 975 22 152 16 90 2 8 2 1
D 120 2687 963 340 531 484 1015 240 184 17 96 1 9 1A
E 116 26B2 990 3 08 564 245 809 220 159 15 64 1 8 2 l
D 106 C 18 1157 445 759 100 9 19 202 254 10 SI 1 8 2 i
D 135 2682 1143 73 705 238 9 Ill 251 2 Ill 17 85 1 8 o 2
U 107 C 7 1224 123 784 255 1039 247 287 19 14 3 8 2 1
E 133 2719 1283 267 784 191 975 220 152 16 90 2 8 2 1
o us 2646 1385 168 7119 209 948 2 12 220 17 04 1 8 2 1
U 109 2648 1390 184 692 146 838 2 11 312 1695 2 8 2 2
E 122 2709 1083 91 803 122 925 273 211 18 48 2 8 2 IK
D 10i C 18 1157 445 759 160 919 202 251 16 84 1 8 2 1
E 116 2162 990 308 564 245 809 220 159 15 111 1 8 2 1
C 102 B 14 1352 362 783 103 886 210 2011 16 86 o 9 2 2
C 10 2648 1390 184 192 110 8118 216 312 111 95 2 8 2 2
A 127 C 26 973 206 471 346 817 236 189 Ill 32 1 8 2 X
E 111 0 42 1566 19 723 214 937 2111 182 17 10 1 9 2X IK
A 113 B 11 76u 210 78s 221 1009 261 104 17 75 iy2 S 2 1
C 109 2648 1390 184 692 146 838 211 312 16 95 i 8 2 2
C 109 2048 1390 184 692 146 838 216 312 16 95 i 8 o 2
E 122 2709 108s 91 803 122 925 273 241 18 48 2 1 8 2 Va
Wavnesboro Oil Fert Co WaynSs
boro Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
Imperial Fertilizer Co Chariest nS C
Zells Guano Co Baltimore Mil
EStiwan Phosphate CoCharleston SC
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Amerieus Guano Co Ameruus Ga
Albany F F Imp Co Albany Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Ci Clarleston S C
Zehs Guano Co Baltimore Md
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Couer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansville Ga
Amerieus Guano Co Amerieus Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Coopera ive Mfg Co Forsyth Ga
Gouldngs FCo Pen Fla Dublin I
Imperial Frt Co Charleston S C
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansville Ga
3
X

O
93
O
93TABLE No 1Continued
Ammoniated Guanos Containing Two Per Cent and Upward of Ammonia
NAME OF BRAND


Xi
u 0 i a

25

S3
5 X
cS
m J
3
0 109 2648 1390
E 116 2662 990
D 106 O 18 1187
D 139 2683 904
Lanes W T 4 Bros Annnd Dis BoneC 109 248 1390
Lockwood Cotton GrowerA U3B If 700
Hardees Cotton Boll
Imperial Guano
Imperial Guano
King Cotton Guano
Monroe Guano
Matchles Cotton Grower
Manipulated Gaano
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Diss Bore
Old Tine Guano
Owl Brand Guano
F 105 2094 1028
D 122 2680 1305
C 112
C 109
JO 12
2648
H 103 2713
A 112 B
Patent Pacific GuanoK lot 2657
Phoenix Guano
Pure Amnoniatcd Bene Vegetable Fert
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer
D 129 2081
J 118 2645
109 2618
8 at
1390
1150
Phosphoric Acid
184
308
1 18
97
184
210
187
166
133
184
210
SS6 128
1687 146
1053 381
965
114
184
692 140
564 248
7 60
618 346
692 146
788 221
782 8 2
720 208
I 17 298
692 I 16
741 LSI
040 286
0 82 266
v 389
588 212
892 140
835
809
919
964
838
1009
1071
928
860
838
922
938
918
9 II
800
838
220
202
240
210
261
213
213
314
2 10
254
2HI
208
211
601
2 10
3 12
189
254
205
810 05
17104
10si
17 72
12 lo 95
101
132
231
363
12
50
2 12
17 7
is 08
10 Oil
ii 92
10 07
10 52
is 71
211 10 56 2
197 10 S7 1
Guarantied Anal
1818
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
1
1
1
1
1
1
022 30 70
12 16 117
2 Comer Hull Co Port Royal
1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
1 Rawls Webb Cuthbert Ga
2 t onier Hu71 A Co Savannah Ga
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga
1 Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
iy2 Willcox GibbsGuCo Savannah Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah la
rac Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Davie A Whittle PetersburgVa
2 Southern Phos Co Atlanta Ga
1 Walton Whann Co Charleston 8C
5 Coiner Hull S Co Savannah Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C

H
53

EC
I
W
o
wFlow Biand Raw Bone Superphosphate
Reliance Ammoniated Superphos
Reliable Guano H R Cos
Royal Soluble Guano
Southern Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Selmans Annnd Diss Bone Guano
Sterling Guano
Small Grain Specific
Standard Guano
Soluble Guano
Sibleys Ammoniated Diss Bone
Soluble Guano
Southern States Standard
Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime
Soluble Guano
Sternes Ammd Raw Bone Superphosphate
Soluble Guano
Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Victor Guano
Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos
Westerns Ammd Diss Bone
26S4 106
2681 1053
2709 1083
26801305
2657168
2694 1025
B 11
705
760
1699
I
2685 1155
I
2705 1699
I
2646 1385
B II
2704
A 10
760
1832
007
2680 1305
2706 1218
2658
8
2618
B 11
2648
2648
928
1155
1390
760
1390
1390
2l
381
91
166
116
187
210
129
197
129
168
210
104
184
166
65
35
178
184
210
184
184
871 455
55 389
122
208
266
342
221
206
213
206
219
221
295
268
208
139
277
2111
146
221
146
146
1042
944
925
928
918
1074
1009
9 15
1006
915
948
1009
1068
1079
928
1061
1011
lOOi
838
1009
838
838
270
214
273
213
215
2 ll
261
205
227
265
212
261
202
260
2 13
250
231
261
216
261
2 16
216
25 19 22
197
241
16 87
18 48
231 16 99
211 16 56
132 18 08
I
104 17 75
I
150 17 48
I
156 17 35
I
150 17 48
220 17 04
104 17 75
157 17 25
125 18 47
I
231 16 99
256 19 14
I
196 17 80
I
219 19 12
312 16 95
104 17 75
312 16 95
312 16 95
2Waltcn Whann Co Char le ton S C
1 Waltc n Whann CoCharleston S C
1V3 Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansviile Ga
1 Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
2 Southern Pho Co Atlanta Ga
1 Monroe Guam Co Monroe Ga
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
1 Albany Ferti Farm I Co Albany Ga
1 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
1 Coiner Hull Co for Sibley Mixon
Co Augusta Ga
1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
1 C L Montague Co Savannah Ga
l4 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Royal Fert Co Charleston S C
iy2 Stand Gu Chem Mfg Co N 0La
1 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
IX G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
2 Port Royal Fert Co Ioi t Royal S C
1 Imperial Fertilizer Cc Charleston S C
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
2 Georgia Feit Co Port Royal S C

x
O
c

CO
ITABLE No 2
Cotton Seed Meals Analyzed Under Provisions of Calvin Bill Approved July 22 L891
C V g 5 a o s u q a u S cS J si c o a a 3 o O 6 3 QJ K 33 u OS Guaranteed AnalyvU
NAME OF BRAND 5 3 0 a 1 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
A 102 a ioj A 107 B 100 A 108 a io A HI A 114 A 115 D 103 A 117 D 112 A 118 A 128 E 103 E 102 A 3 A 4 A 7 A 8 A 9 B 3 B 4 B r B i B 18 B 1 B 20 B 21 B 22 C 6 C 9 S 13 8111 881 871 876 S71 B86 847 876 847 876 867 844 8 SO 820 890 JO 24 21 39 21 15 20 91 21 IK 20 91 21 48 20 33 21 03 20 33 21 03 20 81 20 26 21 12 19 68 21 51 750 750 750 750 751 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 7 50 7 50 7 50 7 50 Gate city Oil Co Clarkes Cove CSa Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove Ga



Klberton Oil Mill Elberton Ga
Milledgeville Oil Mill Milledgeville Ga
Southern Cotton Oil Mill Atlanta Ga


Albany Oil and Refining Co Albany Ga Jackson Oil Mill Jackson Ga Americus Guano Co Amerieue Ga
Atlanta Oil Mill Kirkwood Ga
Maoon Oil and Fertilizer Co Macon Ga LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ga
Middle Georgia Manufacturing Co Hogansville Ga
a

o

ES
Q
C
S
d
I
Q
a
o
SJCotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Sea Island Cotton Seed Meal
E 104
A 120
A 121
A 123
A 122
D 105
A 126
4571
E 118
D I2fi
C 117
0 10
C 11
C 12
0 13
C 15
C 20
C 25
B 2
2668
lifiT
2649
676
808
870
876
798
874
914
820
816
649
21 56
21 03
20 84
20 88
21 03
19 16
20 98
21 94
19 OS
19 59
13 53
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
5 50
McBride o Newnan Ga
Farmers Co operative Manufacturing Co Griffin Ga
Augusta Oil Mill Augusla Ga
Georgia FarmersOil and Fertilizer Co Madison Ga
Augusta Oil Mill Augusta ia
DawsonOil Mill Dawson Ga
Co operative Manufacturing Co Forsyth Ga
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
West Point Oil Mill West Point Ga
Farmers and Merchants Oil and Guano Co Fort Gaines Ga
The A P Brant ley Co Blackshear Ga
f
V
R
f
O
a
o
g
a
i3
J1TABLE No 3
Superphosphates with Ammonia and Potash
si
a o s 3 e3 o Phosphoric Acid O s s o Analysis
NAME OF BRAND BY WHOM ANTI WHERE MAN
o c8 X 3 C j 3 0 J3 5o 35c j UFACTURED
o JO c5 o 3 an 3 o Q 3 g i o3 3 S 3
m J S M CO W Sh 03 ii l l 0
F 113 27 IS 16 7 192 737 2flR iok 133 101 814 91 2 10 l 1 Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga

O

W
M
Q
o
f
W
w
I
o
o
TABLE No 4
Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates with Potash
NAME OF BRAND
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate and Potah
Ashepoo Bone Ash
Charleston Acid Phosphate
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Americus Dissolved Bone and Pol ash
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Double Anchor Acid Phosphae
Dissolved Bone a nd Potash
Phoxpho rc Acid Guaranteed
2 g Analysis


a o 6 etj o M 3 oS e Phos Acid a
5 o3 0 3 J3 2 S O 3 5 s S n 2 o 3 ID
eS c3 s 5 a w p a H
rjl aj M 4 i Oh 23 yZ 3h
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
A 1
A 128
E 107
E 114
D j17
E 114
F 103
D 117
Eutaw Acid Phosphate and PotashiA 128
Ed sto Acid Phosphate E 12
Edisto Acid PhosphateE 330
Imperial Acid PhosphateF 103
Lockwood Acid PhosphateF 103
Stoao Acid PhosphateE 107
Sterling Acid PhosphateF 103
Victor Aid PhosphateF 103
C 37
O 37
C 40
2663
2679
2666
21 a 17
20711
C 37
2717
2720
2107
2087
40
2667
2607
11
943
1430
1238
1066
1238
1194
1000
943
1381
llol
1194
1194
1430
1194
1194
159
169
232
13
157
137
2 Oil
457
15 1
138
127
269
269
232
269
269
940
910
839
771
210
771
807
210
911
7 15
805
807
807
839
807
807
498
498
239
383
791
383
327
791
498
298
237
32
327
239
327
327
1438
1438
1078
1154
1001
1151
1134
1001
1138
1013
1092
1134
1134
1078
1134
1134
169
169
190
196
154
190
164
151
179
142
150
164
164
190
162
161
15 46
15 10
12 75
13 40
11 81
13 40
12 9
11 84
15 46
11 84
12 59
12 99
1 99
12 75
12 99
12 99
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
AsIcy Phos Co Charleston S C
Americus Guano Co Am ricu Ga
Athens Oil Fert Co Athens Ga
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Edi to Phosphate Co Charlesiotl S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Imperal Fert Co Charleston S C
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Stono Phos Works Charleston S C
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Imperial Fert Co Cnarleston S C

H
r
O
O
2
H
W
o
P
M
3
N

ITABLE No 5
Plain Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates
NAME OF BRAND



a
s a
3 r
A a

5 s
S o

to A
Acid PhosphateA
Ashley Dissolved Cone E
D
E
D
E
E
E
C
F
E
D
C
A
A
C
I
Acid Phosphate
Atlanta Sol Bone
Americus Diss Bne
Atlantic Diss Bone
Ashepoo Diss Bone
Ashepao Acid Phos
Cotton Boll Acid Phosphate
Diss Bone
Double Anchor Diss Bone
Diamond Soluble Bone
Dissolved BoneAcid Phosphate
Eutaw Acid Phosphate
Excelsior Acid Phosphate
Edisto Diss Bono
0 14
2665
2688
2660
0 21
C 41
17
106C 17
2641
inn 2664
C 16
2674
B 12
106 A 6
116 B 8
105 P 17
1107
1276
1312
1336
12116
1258
1219
12 19
1617
1528
870
1130
1532
1080
1029
13 Is
Phosphoric Acid

0 o
u 0
o CO iS
I
192
109
104
196
166
55
166
166
31
7
267
174 1046
10211
1004
12 S8
774
924
1038
It 10
Mil
1110
957
972
177
284
1107
897
3 58 828
97 908
38
385
304
316
301
422
434
434
18
J
hi
320
387
18
402
470
II II
138
1562
1090
1225
1460
1344
13 II
1279
1179
13 12
L366
U94
11
1230

Guarant ed
Analysis
CTZ I 0C
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UKAOIUUED
13 It
13 7
15 10
11 32
12 40
14 28
13 36
18 36
12 84
12 94
13 II
13 53
14 56
12 32
12 II
13 63
Cia Farm Oil FertCo MadisonGa
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Albany Fert F I Co Albany Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Americus Guano Co Amer cus Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phoi Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
1 omer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Furmans Farm t ImpCo AtlantiGa
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Walton Whann Co Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannnh Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Chariest 11 S C
Excelsior MfgCoIsedWashingtODGa
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston s
00
W

H
as
H
O

w
ti
o
d
t1
H
I
S1
H
W
oTCitaw Acid Phosphate
Eiiwan Diss Bone
Enoree Acid Phosphate
English Dis Bone Acid Phosphate
Furmans A id Phosphate
Forest City Acid Phosphae
Georgia Acid Phosphite
Georgia State Standard D B Phosphate
Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
Hgh Grade Acid
Imperial Diss Bone
Littles High Grade Ac d Phosphate
Le ider Acid Phosphate
Leggs Higl Grade Acid Phosphate
Marietta H gh Grade Acid Phosphate
Moarce AcLl
Ogl ithorpe Acid Phosphate
Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Pjrt Royal A id Phosphate
Port Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Piedmont Acid Phosphate
Rawis Webb Acid Phosphae
Sternas Acid Phosphate
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
C 171 1219
1316 1261
C 17 1211
B 12 1532
1204 1523
2641
2111
2641
2641
2697
105 C 16
ll 2097
L29 C 38
100 2097
100 2534
106 2695
113 2011
113 2011
113 2011
113 2611
100 2531
138 2677
125 2707
117 2660
1617
1017
1617
1617
1214
870
1214
1501
1214
1705
1226
1617
16 i
1617
1617
1705
1005
1028
1661 910
270 1030
177
73
31
31
31
31
73
207
73
51
73
298
31
31
31
31
138
73
196
1107
957
IIIll
1110
1110
1110
1306
972
1306
920
1306
1204
Hll
1110
1110
1110
1110
1201
1078
1286
77
4 31
28
434
387
222
1611
109
169
161
303
340
303
18
303
61
28
16
10
109
169
01
393
280
316
13 14
I 1 1
1344
1404

1279
1279

1
1609
1312

1168
111
1265
1301
1279
1279 1
1279 1
1279
1265
1474
1566
1090
13 36
13 Id
13 36
11 50
12 01
12 81
12 84
12 84J
12 84
15 48
13 10
15 48
11 95
I 18
12 72
13 01
12 84
12 81
12 84
12 84
12 72
14 37
15 13
II 32 1
lAshepoo Phosphale CoCharletDiSC
JEtiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
JAhepoo Phosphate CoCharlestonSC
S ivannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Furman Farm Imp Co A D Adair
McCarty Bros igts Atlanta Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull it Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
tomer Hull Co Savannah Ga
G o V Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC
Gen W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
ad Fertilizer Co New York
Ceo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Manetin Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Monroe Guano Co Monrce Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Coiner Hull Co Savannah Ga
omer Hull CoSavannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Port Koyal S C
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
C L Montague Co Savannah Ga
Standard Guano and Chemical Mfg Co
New Orleans La
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga

R
GO
6
K

is

TABLE No 5Continued
NAME OF BRAND
x
Slbleys Acid Phosphate
Wando AcidPhosphate
Walton Acid Phosphate
X X Acid rhopliMt
0 113
E ID
458
L24
iGii Pi 17
B 23 PI57
B 7 2674 642 11 30
Phosphoric Arid
02
31
185
251
1110
985
925
1046
169
388
433
320

Quarunteed
Analysis

a 2
1279
1373
1858
1865
12 84 2 12
13 59 y 10
18 17 i 11
13 53 i 12
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
Sibley A Nixon Augusta Ga
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston S 0
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Walton Whann Co WilmingtonDel

H
Kainit
Bales Rust Preventive
A 107 A 5
A JOlA
I
TABLE No 6
Potash Salts
131
lli
813 U
3 76
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
J A Bale Rome Ga
H
d

O
TABLE No
Analyses Made Under the Provisions of the Ellington Bill Approved December 27th 1890
NAME OF ORDINARY ADDRESS OF ORDINARY C o S 3 S3 u s s O o CM Pliosphoric Acid eg 9 M
NAME OF COUNTY o o REMARKS
S h o 3 7 1 J3 3 2 ii 6 02 U 1 2 OS 3 3 O E a 3 o
Warren County Hon It W Hubert Warrenton Ga No 1 2546 1200 38 973 355 1326 104
Scroven County Hon M M Potter Sylvania Ga No 1 2590 1096 61 93 990 10S3 250 246 Nothing on package toindcate where it was from It was received by mail addressed Hon State Chemist State of Ga Atlanta Ga preceding a letter with a similar address from Hon M M Pot
Burke County Hon E L Brinson Waynesboro Ga No I 2591 522 29 97 Hi 1190 276 19S ter Screven Co Sylvania Ga Received by mail in two paper packages in a paste
Burke County Hon E L Brinson Waynesboro Ga No 1 2592 978 252 795 203 998215 551 board box not sealed in any way
if
cc
M
Q
O
ft
w
Q
ii
P
t1
ft
H
Circular No 1
Fourth Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1892
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MAY 1 1892
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga May 10 1892
GENERAL REMARKS
Since issuing the October crop report which closed the work of
that branch of the Department for last season the number of cor
respondents has been very largely increased This was done that
the labor of those who were then serving the Department might be
lightened by permitting them to confine their observations to their
own immediate neighborhood and that fuller and more accurate in
formation might be obtained from each section of every county
The result has been gratifying and not only has the ordinary
matter for the crop report been given but also valuable data has
been furnished covering the individual enterprise of Georgia farmers
and the industrial and agricultural development of our State
Much of the material furnished would have been published in
this report but for the fact that the space was required for the work
of the Experiment Station In future reports and for reference we
will be able to utilize we trust with benefit the communications
and hope that subsequent reports will be made with as much pains
taking care as has characterized the work of all the correspondents
for this report
The abnormal condition presented of our staple crop bringing in
the market less than the cost of its production demanded a change
in our methods and the comprehensive view of the acreage devoted
332 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
to the various crops exhibited by the tabulated statement shows
that the farmers have done all in their power under present con
ditions to meet the exigencies of the case
The large area planted in cereals is a cause for congratulation
The further fact not apparent from the tables that where facilities
for supplying the Northern market with vegetables are afforded
and large cities offer a home market an impetus has been given to
truck farming and gardening is also a source of satisfaction
WEVTHEK
While the beginning of the season has not been such in some sec
tions of the State as would promise a hardy stand especially of
cotton yet we trust that the recent rains the results from which
we have received no official report will develop a more favorable
prospect The State has been almost universally free from
late frosts and but little damage has been done to fruit or veg
etation
CORN
In this crop the largest increase in acreage is s hown amounting
in Middle Georgia to over 17 percent and over the State to over
14 per cent The general tendency for several years has been in the
direction of planting a large area in this great food crop but at no
time since records of this character have been kept by the Depart
ment has so great an increase been made As to general condition
compared with the reports of previous years the crop is good The
plant is generally in a fair condition as to cultivation
WHEAT
This crop which has been regarded as more and more uncertain
each year shows for the first time in several years an increased
acreage A revival of interest in the crop may lead to ascertaining
the cause of the poor success with which its cultivation has been
recently attended Should this be accomplished a great benefit
will be derived by North Georgia where at one time it was culti
vated to a large extent The condition and prospect com
pared with an average is good being 1 per cent above an average
34MAY CROP REPORT1892
OATS
The acreage planted in this crop is greater in every part of the
State except Southeast Georgia where there is a decrease of 6 per
Jnt The condition and prospect is good in North and
East Georgia and poor in Southwest and Southeast Georgia The
proportion of the crop sown in the fall and spring is about the same
particular localities sowing nearly the entire crop in the fall while
other localities geographically similarly situated sow in the spring
COTTON
In this our great money crop we find the greatest reduction in
acreage ever reported This result is due to a large extent to the
low price the crop brought last season Another cause which has
led to the decrease is the effort on the part of many farmers to raise
their supplies at home This tendency is illustrated by a compar
ison of the tables published by the Department for several years
In many sections of the State the crop is reported at from
ten to fifteen days late The condition and prospect is very poor
and we can only hope that more propitious seasons will develop a
hardier and more vigorous plant and bring out a better stand
FRUIT
On the prospect of a fruit crop it is gratifying to report that a
larger yield is promised than for any year since 1889 While in
juries by frost have been reported the damage done is not so great
but that there will be a bounteous yield In those sections of the
State where the orchard is a source of profit no material damage is
reported and a flattering yield is promised
KASS CULTURE
The cultivation of the grasses and forage plants is attracting more
attention in Middle and North Georgia This is evidenced by the
increased area that has been planted So long as the stock in our
large cities are fed from the fields of Tennessee and other States too
much cannot be said in favor of Georgia pasturage and in behalf of
the cultivation of Georgia hay
GENERAL LIBRARY
University of Georgia4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
STOCK
The condition of stock throughout the State is generally good
In some localities cholera is reported among the hogs A question
of very serious moment to every stock owner in the State is that of
glanders among our horses and mules A number of cases have
been reported to the Department which upon investigation of
competent veterinarians have been pronounced glanders
Every means at the command of the Department will always be
directed to suppressing this loathsome and fatal disease hut with
no defined powers to act it is difficult to accomplish much
SUPPLIES
The supply of corn and forage on hand this season is much
greater than that of last year some counties in North Georgia
reporting a full supply with corn to sell The cash price for com
ranges from 50 to 70 cents per bushel with the credit from 60 cents
to 100 depending on the section of the State
FERTILIZERS
The consumption of fertilizers as shown by the records of the
Department is 30 per cent less than that of last season As an
evidence of the care taken by correspondents it might be said that
there is no material difference between the record and the report
made by them In the amount of fertilizers manipulated
at home there is an increase in per cent over that of last year also
in the amount of stable manure used These are encouraging re
sults and show that we are working in every direction to render
ourselves selfsustaining and to become sellers not purchasers
TOBACCO
A great deal of interest has been manifested in the cultivation of
this plant throughout the State In nearly every part of the State
experiments are being made with a number of different varieties
After the crop has been gathered the adaptability of our soil to this
plant will be thoroughly tested While advising experimental
planting we have always suggested that only a small acreage be
tried until it has been sufficiently demonstrated that tobacco
can be made a money crop in Georgia and while the acreage this
year is much larger than heretofore we do not believe any loss will
result and we trust the experiments will prove successful
36Consolidated rop Report for MayBy Sections
Com
Out

North Georgia 112
Middle Georgia 117
Southwest Georgia 116
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
28
1081
a
a
183
o
O

97 100
109
112
94
Average for State114i 95105J 95J
102
901
108
73
t lu
I8A
36
48
51
60
Wheat
Cotton
o
03
M
oa
0J CO
os
id1
112
104
112
5
ftp
3
0
O
100
102
102
101J
1
03
03
88
80
841
76
08 s
a c

82
92
74
93
Rice
1 I Clover
s 5 Grasses
s
3 x
o
o o
C Mi
08
OJ 1 08
Ph 55
Hi 89
41
0 00
S 08
68 63
0
501
85 I
79 125
82 112j
105
108 1011 80 82 461 84 116J 104 109 105 74
0v
1




M
a
a 00
0 A
sTgJ2
106 105
lOoIllO
112
100
102
104
10
FRUIT
Percentage of Full s
Prospect
79
90
61J
93
47
Slock
m
75
77
i
76
71
60
36
50
48J
54
104 OS
C 8
SIS
0D g
r Jd 03
00
c
o
x L5
fa
CD

3
96
98 J
97
97
100
98
97 104
US
98 1044
97
23
97
90
101
102
101100
100 93
Supplies
101
tl a p

fcH
q 0 5 08
O 0 0
0 9 83 C5 y 5 M 08
Oh a B w
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851DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TO THE FARMERS F GEORGIA
It is with great pleasure that I issue my first report of the pres
ent crop season containing as it does the gratifying intelligence
of a
REDUCTION OF THE COTTON ACEEAGE
and a diminution of the indiscriminate use of commercial fertili
zers Having made last season perhaps 1000000 bales of cotton at
a heavy loss to the majority of producers the present year found
us facing conditions appalling in their significance and importance
With our staple crop a drug in the markets of the
world with debt and an improvished soil left to remind us of the
necessity of a change in our agricultural methods and the manage
ment of our farms we began the year of 1892 We were sur
rounded by conditions which caused the stoutest heart to quail
and produced general almost universal murmuring and discontent
How to operate our farms with empty pockets and a short provision
supplv was a question of such magnitude that many of us shrank
from even attempting its solution But these difficulties and others
perhaps as grave daily developing forced us to take eounsel to
gether and the result of our deliberations is seen in the reduced
consumption of fertilizers andk the reduction of at least 20 per
cent in the cotton acreage We have been spending about
SEVEN MILLION HOLLARS PEE ANNUM
for fertilizers using it often in a careless manner unmindful of it
adaptability to the soil or the crop it was intended to benefit and
most of this large amount has been applied to cotton The present
season witnesses
A REDUCTION OF ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND TONS
in the use of commercial fertilizers representing a saving to the
farmers of about two and a half million dollars Another significant
fact is that much of what has been purchased been used under
corn and small grain
TDK MARKED INCREASE IN THE SMALL GRAIN CROPS
is also a cause for congratulation We have prom ise by faithful cul
tivation and the blessing of the early and the later rains of an
38MAY CROP REPORT1892
abundant food crop for man and beast To make assurance doubly
sure however 1 would advise that full crops of
MILLET AND SORGHUM
be planted A few acres well prepared and manured with a phos
phate will give an abundance of most nutritious food for cattle
hogs and mules and will save many ears of more expensive corn
KOR THE NEXT FEW MONTHS
the very best generalship is required in handling the crops Rapid
and thorough but shallow cultivation should be the cry from one
end of the State to the other Never let a crust remain longer than
you can get to it to break it Xothing pays so well as repeated shal
low stirring of the surface soil I have repeatedly urged the grave
necessity of reducing the acreage and
REDUCING THE COST OF COTTON
our staple crop by increasing the yield per acre Here we
have the solution of a problem which for twenty years we have
vainly endeavored to master During that period we have steadily
increased the acreage and only by the use of tremendous amounts
of commercial fertilizers have we been able to keep the average yield
up to about onethird of a bale to the acre The immense increase
in the crop has not come from any improvement in the land but
simply from the fact that as a rule farmers have been straining
every nerve impairing their credit and impoverishing themselves
and families by adding acre after acre to the already too large cot
ton area Too large because in many cases it has been planted at
the expense of other even more important provision crops I have
never ceased to urge the absolute necessity of
BUILDING ITP OUB LANDS
by renovating crops and by better methods of preparation and cult
ure To make ourselves an independent and prosperous people
we must change our system of farming The day has passed when
large holdings except in rare cases are made profitable The small
land owner will be the man to redeem this land of ours from the
blight of mortgages and a tenant system which draws everything
possible from the soil and returns nothing for the bounty8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The farmer can produce but a small crop of cotton at a
cost of less than seven cents a pound But would it not be better
to produce that small crop and realize even a small amount on it
than to make a large one at a cost of from seven to ten cents and
lose from one to four cents on each pound Indeed our common
sense would teach us that we should plant no crop unless we can
realize on it more than it cost us to make it And yet the South
has in the season just passed
LOST NEARLY ONE HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS
this amount representing the difference between the cost of making
our crop of nine million bales and the price we have received for it
Every practical farmer in the entire cotton belt realizes that we
cannot continue this losing game and has been eagerly and
anxiously casting about for some plan of relief
That the advice so often given has been largely acted upon is
illustrated by a comparison of the acreage devoted to cotton and
the acreage devoted to grain and provision crops The lesson so
severely taught by the low price obtained for the cotton crop for
the last season is one which I believe we will not soon forget and
having declarer ourselves in favor of the selfsustaining farm we
have done much towards laying the foundation of our future agri
cultural independence
Our staple crops having been pitched and planted while paying
strict attention to their proper cultivation let us not neglect the
MALL THINGS OK THE FARM
which add so much to the comfort of the household and save many
a dime and dollar that would otherwise have to go to purchase nec
essary provisions
The garden and poultry yard afford splendid sources of a whole
some food supply and in many instances where market facilities
are afforded can become the means of purchasing articles which
would otherwise have to be bought on a credit at a higher price
and paid for out of our money crops in the fall
It is essential to the successful management of our farms that
attention be paid to the demands of the markets of our neighboring
town or city where facilities for properly placing the results of our
labor are to be found By casting about in this direction we will
often find ourselves able to supply for cash or goods farm products
40MAY CROP REPORT1892 9
that can be made with little laborand which in the end will greatly
reduce the amount which we are compelled to pay out of the pro
ceeds of our staple crops
Having made a start in the right direction let us not turn back
allured by a speculative hope of a very large increase in prices
But let us use our energies so that we may hasten the day when
instead of the Kentucky mule fed on Tennessee hay and western
grain we will have the Georgia mule fed on Georgia grain and
forage and our large cities and towns supplied with provisions the
products of the Georgia farm
R T Nerbitt Commissioner
4110
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
EXTRACTS FROM BULLETINS OF THE GEORGIA EXPER
IMENT STATION
These extracts are from Bulletins 15 16 and 17 Copies of these
as well as all future bulletins will be sent any Georgia farmer who
requests it Address Director R J Redding Experiment Ga
FROM BULLETIN NO 15 DECEMBER L891
GENERAL FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT ON CORN
Experiment No 2
The object of this experiment was to determine the effect of ap
plying varying quantities of each of the three elementsnitrogen
phosphoric acid and potash The section selected comprised one
acre of very poor gray gravelly soil underlaid by a yellow pebbly
clay inclining to pipe clay The original growth was scrubby post
oak red and yellow oak and the soil is probably the poorest on the
farm It was in corn in 1890 fertilized at the rate per acre of Tin
pounds of superphospate 170 pounds of cotton seed meal and so
pounds of muriate ot potash The yield was 18 bushels of corn
The land was well broken April 8th with a one horse turnplow
and harrowed smooth April 14th it was laid off into fiftytwo
rows running east and west and four feet wide using a long
scooper followed by a shovel The section was then divided in the
middle across the rows and grouped into plots of three rows each
extending half across the acre from the west to the middle line and
from the middle line to the east side The plots were numbered
from 1 to 17 commencing on the north side of the west half and
extending to the south side then from 18 to 34 continuing from
the south side of the east half to the north side as represented in
Table No Illa where columns 1 and 8 contain the numbers of the
several plots and their arrangement The normal or standard for
mula was 156 pounds superphosphate 194 pounds of muriate of
potash and 324pounds of nitrate of soda This formula was ap
plied to plots 1 10 18 and 27 On the next succeeding plots 2 11
19 and 28 the potash was doubled the other ingredients remaining
the same In the next series plots 3 12 2d and 29
the nitrogen was doubled the others remaining normal In
the fourth series plots 4 13 21 and 30 both the potash
and the nitrogen were doubled phosphoric acid remaining normal
In the fifth series the phosphoric acid and potash were doubled ni
trogen remaining normal and so on through to the eighth series
Table No Illbshows a summary of the scheme in which the sevMAY CROP REPORT1892 11
eral series arc grouped together and the averages of the resulting
yields of the several plots of each series are given Plots 9 and 2b
abutting each other contained four rows each and were not fer
tilized
By this arrangement of the plots inequalities in the character
and productiveness of the different portions of the acre were ap
proximately adjusted or corrected
To illustrate The average yield of the unfertilized plots 9 and
26 was 10K bushels per acre Let us take this as a basis of com
parison Then by applying the normal ration as on series 1 the
yield is 1524again of 524 series 2 potash doubled the yield is
1588a gain of 588 series 3 nitrogen doubled 1668a gain of
668 series 5 phosphoric acid doubled 1624a gain of 624
series 4 both potash and nitrogen doubled 1768a gain of 768
series 6 potash and phosphoric acid doubled 1586a gain of 586
series 7 phosphoric acid and nitrogen doubled 170a gain of 790
Comparing other results with the yield of the normal ration
series 1 it will be seen that doubling the potash increased the yield
064 doubling the phosphoric acid increased the yield by 100
doubling the nitrogen by 144 and doubling the phosphoric acid
and potash increased the yield by 052 doubling the potash and
nitrogen 244 and doubling the phosphoric acid and nitrogen 2 66
Conclusionsit is quite evident
1 That the soil was a very poor soil for coin
2 That the soil was deficient in ail three of the elements phos
phoric acid potash and nitrogen
3 That it was particularly deficient in nitrogen because nitrogen
invariably produced the most marked increase in the yield
4 That phosphoric acid was next in order of deficiency since its
effectiveness in increasing the yield was next after that of nitrogen
5 That potash was least effective was Least needed
The results confirm the conclusion 3 reached in regard to the
preceding ExperimentNo 1 Special Nitrogen Experiment on
Cornthat nitrogen is the most effective clement of a fertilizer for
corn on this soil
By way of caution it may be remarked that it was no part of the
purpose of this experiment lo produce a large yieldofeorn but sim
ply and solely to ascertain the relative effect of the different ele
ments in varying combinations
The results of both experiments but especially of the last strongly
suggest the inexpediency of relying solely on concentrated fer
tilizers for corn ft may be added that while nitrogen appears to
be the most important because the most effective element it does
not follow that a farmer should persist in buying nitrogenthe most
costly of the three elements It is the one element that maybe
captured from the atmosphere as well as unlocked from the sub
soil by ajudicious system of rotation including clover peas and
other leguminous crops in combination with stock feeding and the
412
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
use of animal manures Under such a system after getting fully
under way the purchase of nitrogen should be limited to special
occasions not otherwise foreseen and provided for
INTKRCULTURAL FERTILIZINGCORN
Experiment No 3
This was a repetition of a similar experiment conducted in 1891
but on a different section of land the object being to test the rela
tive effects of successive application of fertilizers during the period
of growth of the crop The schemeembraced three series of five
plots each each plot containing three rows four feet wide and one
acre long In the first series including plots 1 2 3 4 and 5 and
the third series including plots 13 14 15 16 and 17 the fertilizers
were compounded and distributed as plainly indicated in Table IV
TABLE IV
EXPERIMENT Intercvllural Fertilizing on Coin
E Half Soot DivB 1S1
f 1312 39 65
a 312 39 55
3 12 ii

4312 39 65
i I
i 5 3123965
cj 1 s
CS
c A0 cp
a CD 5 t e 1
ft C
cs c


o

j H U
2 i
How and when Fertilizers were Applied

f
I

J 286
8286i37
286 37
10236 37
111286 37
12
181312139 65
14312J39 65
15 3123965
1 31239165
I7312l39l65
14
14
1 i
11
143
All before planting
Half before planting half first plowing
Onethird each before planting and 1st and 2d
plowing
Onethird each before planting and Id and 3d
plowing
All of Sup P and Mur P and onethird Nit
before planting onethird of Nit S at 2d
and 3d plowing
Unfertilized
All before planting
Same as Plot 2
Same as Plot 3
Same as Plot 4
Same as Plot 5 C S M inst of Nit 8
Unfertilized
Same as Plot 1
Same as Plot 2
Same as Plot
Same as Plot 4
Same as Plot 5
r
s S
3 X
S J
20
14
14
16
178
226
8
0
207
210
28 4
305
314
284
301
297
32 1
1
34
327
2 305
9 289
44MAY CROP RF PORT1892
IS
In series 2 cotton seed meal was substituted for nitrate of soda
and the amounts of superphosphate and muriate of potash were re
duced by as much as the phosphoric acid and potash contained in
the cotton seed meal in order to preserve the same actual amounts
of the three fertilizing elements in every plot of the fertilized series
Plots 6 and 12 were not fertilized
ConclusionsFrom the comments on the similar experiment
made in 1890 the following is repeated
While not decisive the results indicate that one undivided ap
plication at or before the time of planting will give as large a final
yield as when divided into two or more portions While this may
be finally shown to be true as a rule when the total amount of fer
tilizers applied is moderate say less than 500 pounds per acre it
may not be true when the amount is greater and especially where a
large quantity is applied per acre The character of the seasons
would also prove a material factor in influencing the result The
same experiment was tried on cotton with somewhat different re
sults which will appear in the next bulletin This experiment
will be repeated next season
The results of this experiment the past year seems to confirm the
above statement No very marked or regular differences occur in
the yields of the plots successively fertilized compared with those
on which the whole amount was applied previous to planting The
soil gradually increased in unaided productiveness from plot 1 to
plot 17 as indicated by the increased yield of unfertilized plot 12
compared with unfertilized plot 6 There is some indication from
the yield of plots 8 and 14 that better results follow when the fer
tilizer is divided into two portions onehalf applied before planting
and the other half at first plowing But this indication is not sus
tained by the result of plot 2
On the whole the results do not show any decided advantage in
intercultural fertilizing
The theory is a plausible one and as before remarked may be
sustained in practice where a very heavy application of fertilizers
is made
EFFECT OF PULLING FODDDER
Experiment No 4
Two experiments were conducted on the west half of a twoacre
section each experiment covering exactly the same ground The
land was well ploughed and harrowed laid off four feet each way
and planted in checks covering with a hand hoe April 6 all the
plots having been uniformly fertilized before planting
The rows as they ran east and west were divided into four plots
of thirteen rows each On the first and third plots the blades were
stripped from the stalks The fodder was pulled at the usual time
4514
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURESGEORGIA
of performing that operation and the fodder from each plot carefully
cured and weighed On the second and fourth plots the fodder was
not pulled Table No 5 shows the arrangement of the plots the
percentage of missing hills and the yield of shelled corn per
acre of each mb plot
ResultsThe plots from which the blades were stripped yielded
239 bushels of shelled corn per acre Those from which the blades
were nut taken gave a vield of 273 bushels per acre a loss of 34
bushels per acre as the result of pulling the fodder But the yield
of fodder was 270 pounds per acre at a cost for pulling and curing
of 81 cents In other words there was a loss of 34 bushels equal
to 1904 pounds of corn and a gain of 270 pounds of fodder It
actually cost 81 cents to pull and house the fodder and probably 10
cents to crib the 34 bushels of corn
Let the result be stated as on a ledger
Fodder not pulled yield of corn 273 bushels a 30c 16 38
Fodder pulled vield of corn 239 bushels 3 60c14 34
Fodder pulled yield of fodder 270 lbs n 100 2 70
17 04
Less cost of pulling fodder SI
16 23
Less cost of cribbing 34 bus corn
16 28
To loss by pulling fodder 05
16 28 10 28
hast year the same experiment resulted in a gain by pulling the
fodder of 162
Conclusion The result does not justify any modification of the
conclusion drawn last year which is as follows
The strongest argument against the practice is the meager re
sults in fodder compared with the amount of labor involved The
same labor employed in mowing grass or any good forage crops
even without the use of improved harvesting machinery would
vield vastly greater results
Nothing can be urged against the merits of corn blade fodder
as a feeding stuff when well handled There are few fodders su
perior to it
To which may be added that the economic results will vary ac
cording to the relative demand for and the corresponding prices of
corn and fodder And the further consideration that where a
farmer relies on stripping the blades of corn for his supply of hay
or long forage he rarely secures enough even under the most favor
able conditions while often he falls very far short of plenty
4rMAY CROP REPORT180
15
DEEP AND SHALLOW CULTURE OF CORN
Experiment No 5
As before stated this experiment was projected on the same
section occupied by the preceding experiment No 4 to which
including Table V the reader is referred for fuller details
May 1 all the plots were plowed deep and close with square
point scooters out and out
May 16 the odd numbered plots were cultivated with two furrows
with Planet Jr cultivator very shallow and the even numbered
plots were plowed with scooters close and deepfour forrows
June 2 the odd numbered plots were again cultivated with cul
tivator shallow two furrows to the row while the even numbered
plots received four furrows to the row with a teninch shovel
June 17 the same was repeated using also a scrape attached
under the shovel
June 29 the odd plots received one furrow to the row with culti
vator with three sweeps very shallow and the even plots received
two furrows to the row with a shovel and 16 inch scrape
In all the shallow culture or odd numbered plots received six
6 furrows less than the total furrows given to the deep culture
plots Now for the
RemitsCompare the yields as set forth in columns 11 and 12
and it will be seen that in every instance excepting in plots o 5
and 11 the yield of the shallow culture plot exceeded that of the
following deep culture plot The average yield of the shallow cult
ure plots was 261 bushels of corn per acre while that of the deep
culture plots was 251 bushels a difference in favor of the shallow
culture of one bushel per acre
ConclusionsThe difference in yield in favor of shallow culture
is not great only one bushel or 4 per cent but it is decided But
the advantage of the shallow culture becomes still more manifest
when the cost of the extra labor involved in deep culture is con
sidered Six furrows to each of the fiftytwo rows on one acre
would amount to 124 miles of travel or more than twothirds of a
days labor of man and horse or not less than one dollar Hence
the conclusion is that after thoroughly plowing the land before
planting and possibly one deep cultivation at first plowingal
though this is not manifest further deep cultivation is not only
not advisable or profitable but involves an absolute loss
CRUSHED COTTON SEED vs COTTON SEED MEAL AND HULLS
Experiment No 8
The belief prevails to some extent among farmers that the oil
of cotton seed contains valuable fertilizing properties and tbere
4716
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
fore the farmers cannot afford to exchange their cotton seed for
cotton seed meal The idea seems to be based on the fact that the
oiii nature of the kernels of cotton seed is a prominent and com
monly observed characteristic and thus by association of ideas the
fertilizing value of cotton seed has been thought to depend on tin
oil contained in them
It is manifestly the duty of Experimental Station workers to
disabuse the minds of farmers of error as wall as to discover new
truthto disprove as well as to prove In the effort to correct error
it may sometimes result in convincing the experimenter that there
is more or less of truth in the supposed error
The experiment was undertaken with the sole purpose to find
the truth A piece of second years new ground was selected Nine
plots of three rows each four feet wide and 209 feet long were fer
tilized and planted as indicated in Table VII Plots 0 and 9 were
unfertilized Plots 1 3 5 and 7 were fertilized at the rate per
acre of
Superphosphate 286 pounds
Muriate of potash 37 pounds
Crushed cotton seed 381 pounds
704 pounds
Plots 2 4 6 and 8 wrere fertilized at the rate per acre of
Superphosphate 286 pounds
Muriate of potash 37 pounds
Cotton seed meal 143 pounds
Cottonseed hulls 180 pounds
641 pounds
The amounts of the different ingredients applied in the two series
of plots were substantially the same except that the 60 pounds of
oil that are found in 381 pounds of crushed seed are left out in the
second series using the corresponding amounts of meal and hulls
instead The experiment then amounts practically to a direct test
of the value of cotton oil as a fertilizer If the oil has any fertiliz
ing value the first series of plots should show a larger yield of corn
than the second series
48MAY CROP REPORTIS 12
17
TABLE No VII
EXPERIMENT 8 Crushed Cotton Seed is Cotton Seed Meal and Hulls
Sec 9 Div B 18W
FORMULAS DO a s a a o o o EG s oS I Oj CJ s0 a 1 o
s o a 3 CO n o 2 1 o o O 3 0 o o O Corrected Yield Corn per AcreBushels Shelled C
1 2 8 4 5 6 y 8
o 115 70 64 38 57 51 51 76 102 192 59 68 153 179 290 281 280 291 296 294 301 291 138
1 286 37 286 37 286 37 286 37 286 37 286 37 286 37 2S6 37 381
i 143 180
c 381
4 143 180
381
143 ISO
7 381
8 143 180


Average of plots 1 3 5 Average of plots 2 4 6 s Average of unfertilized 2g 2
md 7 8 9
ilots 0 ai d9 15 8

Now examine the table plot by plot and then compare the
average yield per acre of the plots on which the crushed seed were
used with the average yield of those on which the meal and hulls
the oil left outwere used It will be seen that the plots ma
nured with crushed seed yielded an average of 292 bushels of corn
per acrea difference in favor of the crushed seed containing all
the oil of threetenths of a bushel Of course this difference is
insignificantno more than might have been reasonably expected
had the plots been manured exactly alike Even if admitted
that the increase of threetenths of a bushel of corn 20 cents in
value is to be credited to the manurial effect of the oil the gain
of 20 cents worth of corn is made at the cost of 60 pounds of oil
worth 8175
A TALK FOR FARMERS
The Use of Fertilizers
On the subject of fertilizers it may be remarked that the profit
able use of fertilizers depends largely on the character and condi
tion of the soil On a natttrally thin soil or on one that has been
2 49IS
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
exhausted by a long course of cropping without corresponding fer
tilizing a small application of a material containing only one of
the three valuable elements nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash
will often yield a considerable percentage of increase compared
with the yield of the unaided soil This is almost invariably the
east when nitrogen alone is present in the fertilizer generally the
result when phosphoric add alone is present but much less often
when potash alone is supplied This is equivalent to saying that
our worn soil as well as those that are naturally thin and unpro
ductive are most deficient in nitrogen next in phosphoric acid and
lastly in potash The statement is general and without reference
to particular crops which would furnish exceptions to its applica
tion
It follows logically that if a farmer proposes to make a light
application of some simple ingredient he should choose something
containing nitrogen For this purpose nothing is more suitable and
generally convenient than cotton seed hick especially for a winter
growing crop or for one that is to occupy the ground for several
months as cotton or corn For quick growing crops such as very
early vegetables melons etc nitrate of soda should form a part of
the application because it is perfectly soluble and immediately
available
But if a more liberal application is to be made the fertilizer
should contain a fair proportion of the next most important ele
mentphosphoric acid On some soils and particularly for some
cropsfor instance Irish or sweet potatoes oats barley melon
grape vines and fruit treespotash will be required even when
only light manuring is intended But when a further advance is
made when it is intended to fertilize liberally it becomes impor
tant to secure the best results that the fertilizer shall be what is
called a complete one i e that it shall contain all three of the val
uable elements The reason for this is obvious on a little reflection
To illustrate
The chemical composition of any given crop product is substan
tially the same under all ordinary conditions A bushel of corn
or wheat or oats or 100 pounds of seed cotton or a ton of hay of
any particular grass always contains practically the same amounts
of nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash besides several other in
gredients For example take corn
One bushel of shelled corn including the whole phowicacid 10indS
plant contains Potash l5
Now suppose an acre of any giyen soil contains in available
form
Enough nitrogen to produce20 bushels of corn or 26 pounds
Enough phosphoric acid to produce30 bushels of corn or 186 pounds
Enough potash to produce50 bushels of corn or 77 pounds
50MAY CROP REPORT1892 10
under the most favorable circumstances without the addition of any
fertilizer Such a soil would produce just 20 bushels of corn be
cause it contains only enough nitrogen to compose 20 bushels It
would be a waste to applymerely as plant foodany phosphoric
acid or potash to such a soil unless nitrogen be also added Now
suppose we add enough nitrogen to bring the yield up to 30 bushels
It is manifest that this will be the limit of the increase that may
be secured by adding nitrogen alone because the soil contains only
enough phosphoric acid to compose the stalks and grain for a yield of
30 bushels We will now add enough nitrogen to increase the yield
bushels and enough phosphoric acid to increase the yield 20
bushels The result will be a yield of 50 bushels Beyond this we
cannot increase the yield by adding still more nitrogen and phos
phoric acid because the soil contains only enough potash to com
pose the stalks and grain involved in a yield of 50 bushels If we
push the yield still further there must be still more nitrogen and
phosphoric acid and an addition of potash
As already intimated these are only general propositions hut
they serve to illustrate a principle It is not possible to find out
accurately the amount of nitrogen or phosphoric acid or potash
power to produce corn that may be lying hidden in a soil It may
be approximately ascertained by careful and repeated experiments
which any intelligent farmer may perform for himself and on his
own soil just as is being done at all the Experiment Stations in the
country It was the special object of Experiments 1 and 2 reported
in this bulletin
LIGHT MANURING vs HEAVY MANURING
A small amount of suitable fertilizer applied to a soil will yield
a larger percentage of profit on the cost than a larger application
This is a matter of common experience without inquiry as to the
reason which is to be found in the fact 1 that a small dose is less
apt to be badly balanced i e less likely to contain a wasteful ex
cess of either one of the valuable elements and 2 because a larger
proportion of the plant food contained in the smaller dose will be
appropriated by the crop than of a larger dose
A farmer may possibly secure an increased yield of a given crop
amounting in value to twice the cost of the small amount of fertil
izer applieda profit on the investment of 100 per cent if he
doubles the amount of fertilizer applied the profit may not be
more than 75 per cent on the cost if he quadruples the amount
the profit may not be more than 50 per cent and lastly if he uses
tin times as much per acre the profit may fall to 20 per cent Now
which is the best investment Suppose he plants 100 acres on
which he applies two dollars worth of fertilizer per acre and gets
an increased yield of four dollars per acre This would amount to
5120
DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
100 per cent profit on an investment of 200 But even at this rate
he may do a losing business because the 8200 may not he enough to
overcome the loss on the investment in land tools taxes labor and
other expenses which remains practically the same as if he had
used no fertilizer But suppose he quadruples the investment in
fertilizers by applying eight dollars worth per acre or 800 in all
Suppose he harvests an increased crop of 1200 according to the
liberal descending rule assumed above This would be a profit of
400 or 50 per cent on an investment of 800 a gain of 200 com
pared with the results of the first scheme Is it not clear that the
largest investment with a small per cent profit is the wisest
The same principle holds good whether commercial fertilizers or
stable manures or pea vines be employed as the fertilizing element
for each of these is in the nature of an investment each costing
money or its equivalent in lolior The principle is founded on the
fact that a naturally fertile il is the best paying element in a
farmers whole investment and the next best is the fertilizers that
are added to a soil to make it richer and more productive and this
for the simple reason that the fertilizers when paid for if bought
or made at home and applied to the soil becomes at once apart nf
the soil and entails no further expense excepting the labor of har
vesting and marketing the increased crop The yield is increased
by increasing alone the investment that is most profitable The
usual plan resorted to for the purpose of increasing a crop yield is
to enlarge the area which increases the investment in land and
involves an increase in the number of work animals and laborers
which must be housed clothed and fed an increase in the number
of tools which wear out etc
There is another way in which the farmer may change the relation
between his paying investments and his expensive investments
without involving an increased outlay of fertilizers viz by reduc
ing the area in cultivation and concentrating the fertilizers on the
smaller area Ho then can reduce the number of his mules laborers
tools And everything else whose number or quantity bears a cin
stant proportion to area cultivated
These principles form the basis oihigh farming or intensive farming
so much talked and written about They are simplealmost self
evidentand of universal application In their general adoption
we must depend for success in farming In their application to all
departments of agriculture we may hope for diversified and gen
eral prosperityMAY CROP REPORT1892
21
FROM BULLETIN NO 16 FEBRUARY 1892
GENERAL FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT ON COTTON
Experiment 14
The conclusions only are here given See Bulletin 14
Conclusions
1 That phosphoric acid is the most effective in increasing the
yield of cotton on this soil
2 That potash was not required except when liberal amounts of
phosphoric acid and nitrogen were used when one dose of potash was
moderately effective The behavior of potash muriate is uncertain
and even erratic as shown by the absence of uniform results
where this element was used in increasing quantities It is not
certain that on the whole potash increased the yield of cotton
3 Nitrogen is very effective when in medium quantities two
doses in combination with three doses of phosphoric acid A larger
proportion of nitrogen appears to be injurious
4 Cotton seed meal as a source of nitrogen is equally effective with
nitrate of soda in the same combinations as plant food for cotton
5 the most effective combination of the three elements as a fer
tilizer for cotton on the soil covered by this experiment is
2 doses of superphosphate 468 pounds containing 66 pounds
phosphoric acid
j 2 doses muriate of potash 78 pounds containing 39 pounds of
potash
2 doses nitrate of soda 65 pounds containing 120 pounds of ni
1 trogen
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
This and other experiments reported in this bulletin sec Exper
iment 22 prove that cotton may be profitably produced even at the
present low prices 6J cent per pound by the judicious and liberal
use of fertilizers on land that is in proper condition In this ex
periment the cost of the increased yield of cotton due to the money
paid for the fertilizers varied from 8J mills to 10 410 mills per
pound of seed cotton or from 1 to 3i cents per pound of lint No
account was taken of the small labor of hauling and distributing
the fertilizers nor of the expense of harvesting the increased yield
These may be easily estimated or they may be disregarded en
tirely on the safe assumption that the unused residuum of fertil
izers on the soil available for a succeeding crop would more than
compensate the outlay for labor
In a practical way the entire cost of the crop including interest
on land taxes labor picking and ginning must be charged against
5322 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
thr value of the 1300 pounds of seed cotton per acre which would
have been the product if no fertilizer had been used
Butthis feature will be discussed in the practical application
at the close of Experiment 22 which was on an adjoining section
of land under identical conditions as to soil
EXPERIMENT NO 16AIXTERCULTUBAL APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN
This experiment is on the general line as the preceding No 16
but the intercultural applications were limited to nitrogen only
in the forms of cotton seed meal and nilrati of soda
The land covered by this experiment is the west half of the same
section of which the east half was occupied by Experiment 16
immediately preceding and of the same general quality
The land was laid off into 49 rows four feet wide and each row
of every seven successive rows was differently fertilized Rows 1
S 15 22 2 36 and 43 were fertilized with the normal ration of the
threeelements using cotton seed meal as the source of nitrogen
and all applied before planting These constitute plot 1 in the table
The successive adjacent rows 2 9 16 etc were fertilized in the
same way using nitrate of soda as the source of nitrogen The third
series rows 3 10 17 24 etc received the nitrogen in the form of
cotton seed meal in two applicationsbefore planting and June 1st
The fourth series grouped together as plot 4 received the nitrogen
in the form of nitrati of soda in two applicationsbefore planting
and hi lie 1st In the fifth series the cotton rl meal was divided into
three applications and in the sixth series the nit rote of soda was di
vided into three applicationsbefore planting June 1st and July
1st
54MAY CROP REPORT1 we
TABLE No V
EXPERIMENT No 16A Intercultural Application of Nitrogen
W Half Sec 5 Div B 1F91
r 5 a rtilizers Howthe Fertilizers were Applied Total Cost of Fertilizers per Acre 350 Yield per Acre Pounds of Seed Cotton
o c C 5 JB 1Q 35 S O S j cj O 6 0 s O 0 X o a e Z First Ticking Sept 21 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Second Picking Oct 8 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Third Picking Oct 30 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre V c rs H 10 1141 1112 1006 1189 1029 1074 i 9 o a 1 0 Q TJ S c a J 11 368 339 233 416 256 iOl c 5 CE C3 C QJ a 5 a yo S ao S CM
1 a 143 156 143 3 37 39 37 4 5 0 7 8 378 379 316 343 334 361 259 ia
1 i 143 71 71 65 32 33 21 2 22 All before planting All before planting June 1st Before planting 210 187 i I 201 183 544 546 519 599 494 530 418 736 678 466
136 39 832
143 37 47 48 48 Before planting 5 L2

156 39 Before planting 602
1 1
7 Not fertilized 7

iVbfes on Experiment 16A1 Compare the yield of plot 1 in
which cotton seed meal supplies the nitrogen with that of plot 2
where nitrate of soda is substitutedall having been applied before
planting The cotton seed meal produces 2iJ pounds more cotton per
acre
2 Compare plot 3 cotton seed meal in two doses with plot 1 and
also with plot 2 in which nitrate of soda is employed in two doses
With cotton seed meal in two doses the yield is 133 pounds less than
when all was applied at one time On the contrary nitrate of soda
in two applications gives yields of 77 pounds more than when ap
plied atone time and 183 pounds mure than where cotton seed meal
was applied in two doses
3 Cotton seed meal in three applications gives an increase of 23
pounds over the yield in two applications but this may be attrib
uted to some accidental and undiscovered cause
4 Nitrate of soda in three applications one as late as July 1st
gives 115 pounds less than in two applications and45 pounds more
than cotton seed meal in three applications
Summary 1 Successive or intercultural applications of nitrogen in24
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
the form of cotton seed meal are not profitable It is more effective
when all is applied at or belore planting than when applied in two
doses and less effective in three than in two
2 Nitrogen in the form of nitrate of soda may be profitably divid
ed into not more than too application the second not tube later
probably than June 1st It does not appear what would have been
the result if onehalf the nitrate bad been applied July 1st instead of
June 1st
The average increased yield of all the fertilizer plots was 319
pounds the fertilizers cost 350 cost of the increased yield 11
cents per pound The best plot No 4 gave an increase of 416
pounds at a cost of 350 or 8 mills and 4 tenths per pound of seed
cotton The poorest plot No 3 gave an increase of 233 pounds at
the same cost 350 or one and a half cents per pound of seed
cotton
TOPPING OF COTTON
Experiment No 17
One acre of second year fresh land was selected and divided
into 52 rows all fertilized planted and cultivated identically
livery fiftb row commencing with the first and ending with the fifty
first adding the odd 52d row was left untopped On July lt
Juiy1 5tJi ndTugust 15th each ten rows were topped as indi
cated in fable VI each row topped at any one of the dates being
separated five rows from the nearest row topped at the same date
56MAY CROP REPORT1892
25
TABLE No VI
EXPERIMENT No 17 Topping Cotton
Sect 8 Div B 1811J
FERTILIZERS AC APPLIED PER RE 156 pounds 39 pounds 05 pounds 260 3 50 Yield per Acre in Pounds of Seed Cotton
Superphosphate Muriate potash Nitrate of soda Cost First Picking Sept 8 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre ond Picking Sept 3 His Seed Cotton er Acre rd Picking Oct lbs Seed Cotton er Acre Fourth Picking Oct 27 lbs ced Cotton per Acre Fifth Picking Nov 25 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre 1is 5S5 i 3
When Topped X 3 H
l 3 4 5 6 7
r l 6 n ici Not topped12 rows 21 20 31 36 41 46 51 52 1 106 331 521 307 188 1453
Topped Jlyl10 f 2 71217 J 22 27 32 37 42 47 J 84 343 399 280 208 1314
ToppedJly1510 f 3 8 13 181 23 28 33 38 I 43 48 J 86 400 4l7 223 130 1312
ToppedAugl10 f 4 9 14 191 24 29 34 39 I 44 40 J 83 338 549 296 146 1412
TopdAug 1510 f 5 10 15 201 25 30 35 40 45 50 J 71 394 565 316 182 1528
Note on Experiment 17The rows topped July 15th made the
smallest yield Those topped July 1st come next in order Those
topped July 1st made 2 pounds more Those topjed August 15th
give still more The untopped come next And lastly the rows
topped August 15th gave largest yield and the only series of topped
rows whose yield exceeded the untopped Topping July 1st July
loth and August 1st proved hurtful
Conclusions
1 It is again praved as last year that topping cotton pro
duces a material effect on the yield Both last year and this top
ping from July 1st to July 15th injured the yield most Last year
the rows not topped gave the largest yield this year those topped
August 15th gave the largest
5726
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICELTEKEGEORGIA
2 Topping cotton is a hazardous experiment very uncertain
The probable effect cannot he foreseen with sufficient certainty It
is probable that many farmers have topped their cotton and be
lieved the effect was beneficial when in fact careful competitive ex
periment would have proven the contrary
It is suggested that the conditions under which topping would be
most likely to prove beneficial are when the coton plants will prob
ably be largefour or live feet highand have good distance If
crowded in the row topping tends to crowd the foliage still more
by causing the branches to grow longer
DEEP vs SHALLOW CULTURE OF COTTON
Experiment No IS
Last year this experiment resulted very favorably to the shallow
culture theory This year less so and yet decisively considering
the extra cost of deep culture In other words so far as this experi
ment goes it proves that deep culture is not beneficial
TABLE No VJT
EXPERIMENT No is Deep vs Shallow Culture of nil
18 Rows S end of E acre Sect 5 Div B 1891

C 7
l
z
FERTILIZER PER ACRE
Superphosphate 156 pounds
Mur of Potash i pounds
Nitrate of Soda 65 pounds
261
Cost 50
How Cultivated
1 o
Yield Per Acre in Pounds of Seed Cotton
2
rt
3 0
to 3
c c
jJ B
b5
5
Deep
Shallow
Deep
Shallow
1 eep
Averages
Shallow Culture Plots
i eep Culture Plots
Sh o
3

T
I
v
CXI
3
2 o
SC
123

3 cu
J2
30 243
22 17
17 165
17 147
17 121
13 HI
21 117
17 137
4211
420
438
416
420
321
42
386
6 7
381 2S6
364 301
373 306
407 351
399 420
468 520
384 337
413 391
x t

1369
128 i
1299
1338
1377
1413
1348
1344
58MAY CROP REPORT1892 27
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DISTANCESCOTTON
Experiment No 22
One acre of land was selected adjoining the two acres on which
Experiment No 14 was projected which see The land was in
oats well fertilized in 188990 follower by speckled peas sown
broadcast and fertilized with 200 pounds superphosphate per acre
the vines made into hay one to one and a half tons per acre ami
the pea stubble and volunteer oats turned under January 5 with
twohorse turnplow running about 4 deep It was immediately
harrowed with cutaway harrow April 10 and 11 laid off into 52
rows 4 feet wide using a scooter plow and the following fertilizers
were distributed in the furrows
PEE ACRE
Superphosphate312 pounds
Muriate of potash 78 pounds
Nitrate of soda130 pounds
Total520 pounds
Cost699
The fertilizers were mixed with the soil by running a square
point scooter in the open furrows one time A flat bed was made
over the fertilizer furrow throwing two furrows with a scooter and
finishing with a turnplow
The beds were harrowed off April 15 with smoothing harrow and
then a hoard April 22 planted with seed of Truitts improved cot
ton using a Dow Law Planter The weather was dry and other
wise unfavorble for getting a good stand promptly May 21 har
rowed the spaces between the rows going once to the row
June 1 cultivated with Planet Jr cultivator two furrows June
4 chopped out with hand hoes as follows
First four rows 1 foot
Second four rows i feet
Third tour rows 3 feet
Fourth four rows4 feet
and so on repeating the series three times making 48 rows and
chopping the remaining 4 rows to 4x1
June 15 harrowed one time to each row June 18 cultivated
with Planet Jr twice to each row June 15 put to final stand of
one stalk in a place as chopped July 1 gave two furrows with
Planet Jr very shallow using small sweeps July 13 once to the
row with V sliaped harrow August 4 once to each row with
Planet Jr cultivator
A good stand was not secured until near the last of May on ac
count of dry weather from planting time until May 21
Table IX gives the results
Column 2 gives the distance between the plants that was in
tended and immediately beneath the number of stalks required
for a perfect stand at the distance given Column 3 gives the num
592S
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
ber actual count of plants that were maintained Column 12
shows the percentage of a perfect stand The remaining columns
explain themselves
6 p

panTBniBW puBjg l J03JiaT B JO Soiqnl f c 2J x A
aouoQ paag sq 71 1 LO ICO 0
IVcri in Pounds of Seed Cotton per Acre aaoy iid uojjof paag sqi ppia mox e tf 0 IO so DC
911 y I9d UOJ joq pgag sqi g jaq iuao9j Snjjjojj qrxig
aa y jad noj jo paag sqi f aaq tnaAojj BaiifDij qjjrj CC M M 0C N r
9JDy 191 UOJ J03 paag sqi 91 iaq oji rni9ici qjmotj i it f t r
ajoy iad uojjok paag sqi j aaqojoo Satspij pjiqx c 3 1 GC
aiiy jad 1101J03 paag sq jaqtnaj dag Suisjoij puooag 0 r
ajov iad uoj J03 paag sq s 1 q tnajdag Hutjjotj jsji s 1 i
fliiy iad pauiBunv Hjuiid 1 raqnmj puny 1
m iod ptrejg jwjiaj ioj paambajj sjnBjj jo jaqumjj piIB SJOBU UD9A 1mjSI l x 5 h
J83J f JO SJO ssiia aptM ii savojj jiioj j inoj Siuuibjuoq liv N1I1 JO ONJ M n
60MAY CROP REPORT1892
20
Notes on Experiment 22 1 The 4x1 plots give greatly the largest
yield at the first picking September 8 and considerably the largest
at the second picking September 22 At the third picking Octo
ber 1 the 4x2 plots yield the greatest amount followed in order by
4x1 4x3 and 4x4 plots At the fourth picking October 16 the 4x3
plots are in the lead followed in order by 4x2 and 4x4 tied and
4x1 At the fifth picking November 4 the order of second picking
is exactly reversed the 4x4 plots leading in yield followed by the
other plots in the order of decreasing distances At the sixth pick
ing the 4x3 plots are in the lead followed by 4x4 4x2 and 4x1
2 In the total yield the 4x2 plots stand highest followed closely
by the 4x3 and 4x1 The contest was close and interesting from
beginning to end
3 The yield was large considering the small amount of fertili
zers and the rather unfavorable conditions for the best results If
the cotton had been planted earlier or had the weather been more
favorable to securing an earlier stand the result might have been
quite different Series 1 4x1 and series 2 4x2 would not prob
ably have yielded much if any more but series 3 4x3 and series
4 4x4 would cortainly have given much greater results
Conclusions1 That on land capable of making between one
and one and a half bales of cotton per acre the plants should not be
closer than 4x2 feet nor wider probably than 4x3 feet
2 That the greater the distance given the more important it
is to secure an early stand thin out early and give rapid cultiva
tion
3 Close planting gives a larger yield in the early fall or at
the first and second pickings The 4x1 series in this experiment
was 161 pounds ahead of the 4x2 series at the close of the fourth
picking October 16 This is because each plant when planted
close will make nearly if not quite as many blooms in the first
few weeks of blooming as each plant in widely planted rows Be
tween the date of the first and second pickings a period of twelve
days one pound of cotton was yielded by every 15 plants of the
4x1 series while in the 4x2 series 12 plants were required to yield
one pound When it is considered that there were only 5005
plants to the acre in the 4x2 series against 9250 plants in the 4x1
series the explanation of the greater yield of the 4x1 series at the
second picking is plain At the fifth picking November 4 43
plants in the 4x1 series yielded one pound while in the 4x2 series
13 plants only yielded one pound
Practical Application
It has been noted in experiment 14 on adjoining land of simi
lar quality and condition that the largest yield resulted from the
use of 46S pounds of superphosphate 78 pounds of muriate of potash
nnd 130 pounds of nitrate of soda costing 822 the yield reaching
2261 pounds of seed cotton In the same experiment where 312
pounds of superphosphate were used the other ingredients re
0130
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
maining the same the yield was 1790 pounds or less by 471
pounds
Is it not fair to conclude that if in experiment 22 the plants
had been spaced 3x2 and superphosphate increased to 468 pounds
instead of 312 pounds the yield would have risen to 2027 plus 471
pounds equal to 2498 pounds It would seem a reasonable de
duction If so then it follows that there was a loss of 471 pounds
of cotton worth say 942 as a result of a failure to space the
plants correctly and properly balance the ingredients of the fertili
zer which would have cost only 8122 more In other words
there has been 122 saved in the fertilizer and 942 Iqst in the
value of the cotton As it was the increased yield of cotton as
suming that if unfertilized the land would have yielded 1400
pounds or 100 pounds more than the adjoining unfertilized plots
of Experiment 14 was 552 pounds at a cost for fertilizers of 699
or 126 per hundred pounds of seed cotton or about 3f cents per
pound of lint Had it been differently fertilized and spaced as
just suggested the increase might reasonably have been 1098
pounds at a cost of 8 22 or 75 cents per hundred pounds of seed
cotton or about 2 cents per pound of lint
It should be said by way of caution that the results obtained
md the much higher results suggested should not lead farmers to
adopt the practice of indiscriminate high manuring on soils that
have been exhausted or greatly run down by long continued crop
ping in cotton and corn without the intervention of a restoring crop
or the liberal use of stable manure It is quite certain that the
yields reported in the result of experiments 14 and 22 were only
made possible by the previous growth of oats and field peas In
1889 the land was capable of producing not exceeding 18 bushels
of corn with a liberal application of fertilizers In 1889 and L890
a crop of oats and peas was made the oats harvested the pea vines
converted into hay the aggregate value of which was greatly in
excess of the value of labor and fertilizers invested to produce
these two crops The resulting benefit to the land is shown by
the yield of the unfertilized plots in 1891 the year under discus
sion showing that without further aid it had been brought up to i
capacity to produce 1300 pounds It has been shown that if the
cotton in these three acres had been fertilized with the proper
formula at a cost of 822 per acre the yield would have risen to
2300 or 2400 pounds an increase of nearly if not quite 1000 pounds
of seed cotton which would therefore have cost less than 2 cents
per pound of lint
It would not be a difficult matter to count in all the expenses of
making the crop on the land ccvered by Experiment No 22 The
items have all been given in the account of the preparation and
culture and every farmer can fix the cost of each item according to
his own judgment and experience Mr Kimbrough the agricultur
ist estimates the aggregate cost of plowing harrowing hoeing
62MAY CROP REPORT1892
31
picking and fertilizersnothing being allowed for interest on the
land or superintendenceat an amount which would make the
cost of the cotton 3i cents per pound of lint
The most important and practical moral that may be drawn
from the two experiments 14 and 22 is that pea vines furnish the
most reliable and by far the cheapest means of restoring our worn
soils and of advancing them to a much higher productiveness than
they possessed when in the virgin condition But pea vines will
not grow luxuriantly on a poor unfertilized soil Therefore the
true policy of our Southern farmers should be to plant peas and
other leguminous crops such as clover peanuts burr clover
vetches etc fertilizing with phosphates and potash convert the
product of these into pork beef butter and milk mutton return
the manure to the land Then plant in cotton or corn or small
grain using the stable manure obtained as above supplemented by
a judicious application of commercial fertilizers
The highest condition into which a soil may be brought by ren
ovating crops stable manure the more certainly and profitably
will it respond to large doses of fertilizers
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF FERTILIZERS APPLIED TO
COTTON
Experiment No 24
This experiment was performed on one acre of land of very un
even and varying quality Hence it was thought best to consti
tute every row into a plot and thereby repeat the series as often as
possible The acre contained 52 four feet rows The 1st 8th 15th
22d 29th 36th 42d 40th rows were unfertilized The 2d 9th 16th
23d 30th 37th and 44th100 pounds The 3d 10th 17th 24th 31st
38th and 45th200 pounds and so on increasing the amount by
100 pounds until 600 pounds per acre were applied in the seventh
series
Table No IX sets forth the results in great detail
63TABLE No X
m
EXPERIMENT No 24 Effect of Different and Increasing Amounts of Fertilizers in Cotton from LOO Pounds to
OIK Pounds Per Acre
Sect 11 Div A 1811
Series of Rows Each 209 feet long FORMULA Superphosphate 60 lbs Muriate Potash 15 lbs Nitrate of Soda 25 lbs Total 100 r 05 ai a o QC O O t 135 270 405 541 675 810 CO Cl 05 u c 1 r n o 3 8 fico E E 37 104 163 238 223 238 245 05 05 II o og I1 05 rCC 05 do 5 111 215 275 306 318 373 414 1 Third Picking November 2 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Fourth Picking December 4 I lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Total Yield lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Increase over Unfertilized Series lbs per Acre Percentage of Increase 1 Value of the Increase at 2 cents per lb Seed Cotton rcentage of Profit in Cost ot Fertilizer
Pounds Per Acre Ph
1 3 9 lO 11 1 13
137 227 280 289 294 334 369 12i 240 198 197 20 1 232 251 406 786 916 II130 1037 1177 1279
1 i 3 4 ff 7 unienuieu 100 200 00 400 500 600 380 510 624 631 771 873 936 1256 1537 1554 1900 2150 7 60 10 20 12 48 12 62 15 42 17 Hi 463 278 208 134 128 115

ia
3
H
O

o
2
Q
Cj
5
I
5
Pi
oMAY CROP REPORT1892 33
Notes on Experiment 241 Columns 8 and 9 exhibit the more
or less regular scale of increased yield corresponding with a lesser
ratio to the increasing amounts of the fertilizers The same feature
is illustrated in column 10 in percentages and again in column
11 in the form of values of the increase The numbers in columns
9 10 and 11 increase in the same ratio but the ratio is not as great
as the ratio of increase in the fertilizers applied
2 Column 12 shows the percentage of profit a constantly de
creasing series Column 13 presents a corresponding increasing se
ries showing how the cost of the increased yields rises with the
increase
3 It would be unwise to conclude that it is not judicious to
increase the amount of fertilizers because such increase results in a
constantly decreasing percentage of profit or inversely in a con
stantly increasing cost of the cotton If the increase in the
amounts of fertilizers should be continued indefinitely it
would certainly reach a point at which it would
not be profitable In the second series the profit on the cost of
fertilizers is 463 per cent in the seventh series it has fallen
to 115 Suppose the series continued to series 12 with 1100
pounds per acre It is probable that the percentage of profit would
have descended to a corresponding figure463 115 115 29
nearly and the cost of the cotton per pound calculated in like
manner would possibly have advanced to 6 cents per pound of
lint Even at this rate the residuum of fertilizers in the soil would
make a large crop of small grain without additional iertilizers
But it would be well to stop short of such an amount unless the
soil be first gotten into a correspondingly higher condition by pre
vious treatment
4 The most practical view of it is this The greater the
amount of fertilizers applied the greater the investment upon which
the percentage of profit is to be calculated For instance in
series 2 the profit in the investment is 463 per cent but the in
vestment is only 135 while in series 7 the percentage of profit
on the investment descends to 115 per cent but the investment
has increased to 810 Now 463 per cent of 135 is 625 while
115 per cent of 810 is 9 31 a gain of 306 besides leaving the
land in much better condition for the succeeding crop
Conclusions1 Successively increasing amounts of fertilizers
do not result in the same ratio of increasing yields of cotton It
follows that the larger the amount of fertilizers the greater will
be the resulting cost of the increase per pound while at the same
time there will be felt in the soil a correspondingly larger amount
of fertilizer for the use of the succeeding crop
2 The liberal use of judiciously compounded fertilizers affords
a larger investment upon which the percentage of profit is to be
based and is therefore advisable
34
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
from bulletin xo 17
SWEET POTATO CULTURE
PLANTING AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES
The land on which this experiment as all the others with
the exception of the fertilizer test was conducted was the same as
last year a chocolate clay loam with clay subsoil and of great uni
formity all the experiments were repeated on the same plots the
cultivation and the fertilizer being the same as last season The
rows were all acre long feet apart the distance of plants 2 feet
Three alternate rows were planted at every different distance and
the average result given in Table No 6
TABLE No VI
Distance of Planting
Southern Queen Georgia Yam
DISTANCE Yield of Half Acre Row Yield of Half Acre Row lalculated TotalYield per Acre Yield of Half Acre Row Yield of Half Acre Row Calculated Total Yi Id per Acre
Large Small Large Small
lix3ifeet 2 xU feet 2Jx3A feet 3 xU feet 2 plants ir 1 hill lbs 10025 127 1118 9475 lbs 2075 205 211 1825 bus 264 31 L6 290 2465 lbs 109 10825 107 802 lbs 975 17 162 164 bus 259 27 i 2689 210
The result confirms the conclusions of last year as stated in Bul
letin No 11 that by giving proper distance to the plants increas
ing thereby the means of perfect development not only larger yields
can be obtained but also the cost of cultivation reduced
The distance of 2x3 feet indicated the largest yield closely fol
lowed by 2x3 feet while at H feet distance in the row the plants
are too close and at 3 feet even with two plants in the hill too far
apart
HILL 118 FLAT CULTURE
Our practice of cultivating our potato field almost level has often
been criticized the common practice being hill culture To verify
our position the experiment as explained in Table No 7 was un
dertaken 3 different varieties were selected thus repeating the test
three times Each plot consisted of three rows each halt acre long
the observations being made on the middle row
The result confirms our position in all the plots but one the
66MAY CROP REPORT1S92
35
yield clearly indicates the advantage of flat culture while in the
other case the increase gained by hill culture is very small the re
sult might have been changed under different meteorological con
ditions in a very wet season hilling up might be preferable but
we are seldom blessed with sufficient rain while drought is of a
more frequent occurrence
TABLE No VII
Hill vs Flat Culture
NAME OE VARIETY
Flat Culture
Yild prJ Acre Row
a
o
3T3 5
03
Hill Culture
Yild prl Acre Row
60
lbs j lbs lbs
Southern Queen 104 160 1206
Georgia Yam 43 158 1101
Pumpkin Yam 131 I i0 151
a
o
H
bus lbs
263 955
240 85
3294 1343
lbs
143
166
187
lbs
1098
1016
152
5 h
S
O
bus
2395
2035
3338
SMALL vs LARGE SEED POTATOES
The object of the experiment is to inquire into the value of se
lecting large tubers instead of small ones for seed Large tubers of
3 different varieties were placed in the seed bed at the same time as
the bed with small tubers was prepared The plants were setout
in the field the same day and under the same conditions in regard
to fertilizers and cultivation
Table No 8 explains the result the variations in yield of the
different plots are so small that no preference is indicated in re
gard to large or small tubers for seed
The economic relation to this question is worthy of considera
tion The same quantity of large tubers produce far less plants
than small ones It would require a much larger quantity of edi
ble tubers to obtain a sufficient number of plants for a given area
the value of the large tubers being at the same time greater and
the cost of production therefor increased by the use of large tubers
for seed
TABLE No VIII
Small vs Large Seed Potatoes
Lar Yield j ge Seed Potatoes Small Seed Potatoes
NAME OF VARIETY r 1 A ere Row Calculated Yield per Acre Yield pr AereRow 03 g
go 03 s a 1 o x H 03 ol a 3T3
Southern Queen lbs 10715 848 122 lbs 159 165 192 lbs 123 1013 1412 bus 68 4 lbs 1043 90 1205 lbs 165 1475 1825 lbs 1208 104 75 13875 bus 2635 2285 302
221 308

36
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
POTASH EXPERIMENTS ON SWEET POTATOES
The result of this experiment coincides with that of last year
The yield was not as large as the previous season on account of the
severe drought in September and October but the general results
are similar we are not nearer to the solution of the question in
which form should the potash be applied to sweet potatoes
In normal rations the greatest yield was obtained by the use of
muriate of potash but in all cases the difference was so small that
we might assume that either form was equally effective In regard
to the amountof potash the indication points in the same direction
as last season that normal rations as in plots 2 and 6 are the most
effective and that double rations are less productive than either of
the others
FERTILIZER TEST OX SWEET POTATOES
Bv comparing the different unfertilized plots we lind that the
unaided capacity of the land was pretty uniform of the single fer
tilizing ingredients kainit gave the largest increase in one variety
nitrate of soda in the other Both varieties being planted side by
side it would seem to warrant the conclusion that one variety
would require different plant food than the other If we look at
the result of the combination of the two in plot 17 we find an in
crease of 44 bushels in one ease over the use of kainit alone while
in the other we notice a decrease over the nitrate of soda plot but
an increase of 13 bushels of the kainit plot
Again if we substitute superphosphate in place of kainit as in
plot 12 we decrease the yield in one case while in the other we
find an increase of 18 bushels One would indicate that one variety
required more nitrogen while the other needed more potash Tie
best effect was secured by the application of the three combined
which was still increased by the use of double ration of nitrogen in
combination with the other elements but decreased by the applica
tion of double ration of superphosphate If we compare plots
and 21 in which different amounts of fertilizers are applied we
find a considerable increase caused by the increased amount of fer
tilizer
The effect of the different forms of nitrogen as nitrate of soda ami
cotton seed meal is very marked in favor of nitrate of soda In
this form the nitrogen is immediately available and as especially
in sweet potatoes the more rapid the plants develop in strength and
vigor the greater the prospect of favorable returns the use of nitro
gen in the form of nitrate of soda seems to be preferable
The effect of the different fertilizer on the two varieties of pota
toes is very marked More so if we compare the respective yields
with those in Experiment No 9 In this case the soil beingofa
different nature and in a higher state of fertility the yield of the
68MAY CROP REPORT1892
37
two varieties was about the same which would lead us to the con
clusion that the pumpkin yam potato requires better land or
higher fertilization or perhaps different combination to be equally
as productive as the Southern Queen variety
TABLE No XI
Variety Test of Sweet Potatoes
NAME OF VARIETY
Yield per Row Half Acre Long
Large
lbs
limits Red 736
Boones White 665
Boones Red 602
Bermuda Sweet 118
Red Jersey 708
Pumpkin Yam 1435
Georgia Yam 869
Early Jersey i 788
Southern Queen 12il
Small
lbs
18
96
128
li
20
is 8
204
24
177
Total
lbs
916
761
73
1293
90
16i
107
103
143
Calculated
Yield per
Acre
1ms
1998
166
160
282
198
354
2341
225
3137
FERTILIZER TEST ON TOMATOES
Summary1 The application of nitrogen or potash alone did not
increase the yield on poor land
2 The effect of nitrogen depends upon the presence of the min
eral elements phosphoric acid and potash
3 The increase in yield is greater the larger the amount of
fertilizer used
4 That only a complete fertilizer gave profitable returns
5 It is preferable to use nitrate of soda in two applications
while all the cotton seed meal should be applied to the land at the
time of distributing the other fertilizing materials
6 Fertilizers containing nitrogen in different forms gave more
profitable returns
7 Phosphoric acid double rations not only decidedly increas
ed the yield but also earliness
8 Larger rations of nitrogen especially in the form of cotton
seed meal prolonged the time of bearing
FORAGE PLANTS
The experiments with forage plants on account of their far
reaching importance in economic and successful agriculture have
been continued and considerably enlarged
The experiments withsorghum have been repeated and new va
rieties added
6938
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Fertilizer experiments with cow peas have been repeated in re
gard to yield of peas as also in regard to the yield of vines with
the object in view of obtaining the best and cheapest fertilizer for
cow peas as the means of improving our wornout and impoverished
soils
The question bow to restore such wornout land to its original
physical condition how to accumulate and maintain a store of
available plant food at the lowest possible outlay has been upper
most in the exertion of every cultivator of the soil
If we would analyze such soils we would find that to a depth of
6 to 12 inches very little fertilizing material can be discovered
neither minerals nor humus or nitrogenous matter while in the un
derlying strata the subsoil we find a store to more or less extent of
potash and phosphoric acid but out of reach of many ot oureulti
vated plants Such soils are therefore pratically deficient of all the
elements of plant food
From experience we have learned that on poor soils heavy appli
cations of commercial fertilizer do not paythat poor wornout soils
cannot be enriched by their liberal use neither can they be much
benefited by abandoning them to a season of rest andthe tender
care of grass and weeds as practiced to a great extent The benefit of
such practice is meager while preferable to clean culture
In improving the soil our aim must be to utilize the store of
plant food contained in the subsoil to increase the store of plant
food partly by commercial fertilizers partly by natural agencies
and to restore the land to its original physical condition by the ad
dition of humusthat is to feed the land to grow with the addi
tion of cheap commercial fertilizers such crops as will permanently
add to the store of plant food in the soil and which will enable us
to sustain and feed more stock and as a natural consequence in
crease the supply of homemade manure
The value of leguminous plants for this purpose isfully estab
lished
Their capacity for assimilating and gathering nitrogen by atmos
pheric agencies their deeply penetrating roots drawing part of their
food supply from the subsoil out of reach of the roots of most of our
cultivated plants making them the most valuable adjunct in do
mestic economy
Amongst those plants the cow pea is the most valuable in our
Southern States Its extensive deep penetrating root system in
creasing its power of foraging in regions closed to plants of shallow
growing roots makes them adapted to our hot ami dry climate and
our poor exhausted soil where unaided by fertilizers no crop can
economically be produced
It makes a rapid growth and as food for stock it is highly valua
ble on account of the large amount of protein which serves to form
the flesh and blood and muscle
Its peculiar power of gathering atmospheric nitrogen makes it so
70MAY CROP REPORT1892
39
much more valuable as nitrogen is the most expensive element in
commercial fertilizers
Those special capacities of the cow pea indicate it as the funda
ment from which to begin the restoration to fertility of our impov
erished soil by either growing them for the purpose of green man
uring or for the purpose of making food for our farm animals
To increase the growth of peas on poor land and thereby more
rapidly reclaim it the aid of fertilizers is necessary To study the
effect of the different fertilizers has been the object of the experi
ment
FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT WITH COW PEAS
The field selected for this experiment appeared to be of very uni
form character of red clay and clay subsoil The land was well pre
pared by plowing and harrowing and divided into 20 plots each lOi
feet wide by 104i feet A acre long containing 140of an acre each
plot contained 3 rows 3i feet apart of which the middle row was used
for observation At the time of cutting the vines the plots were equal
ly divided in length onehalf for the purpose of weighing the vines
the other half for the purpose of ascertaining the yield of peas
The vines were cut August 25th at the usual stage for forage The
fertilizer as per Table No 13 was applied in the furrows and thor
oughly mixed with the soil with a Planet Jr cultivator
Six peas the speckled variety were planted in the furrow one
foot apart and covered lightly with the cultivator After the plants
were well established thev were counted in every middle row oi the
plots and reduced to a uniform stand in every plot They were
hoed once and plowed three times with cultivator Observations
were frequently made and the indications fully substantiated by
the result
7149
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No XIII
Fertilizer Test in Cow Peas Yield of Forage Green
o
1
a
a
4
1
s
r

s
lO
II
13
13
14
15
i
17
18
1
SO
FERTILIZER
Superphosphate
Superphosphate
Muriate of Potash
Muriate of Potash
Kainit
Kainit
Nitrate of Soda
Nitrate of Soda
Unfertilized
f Superphosphate
I Muriate of Potash
Superphosphate
I Muriate of Potash
Superphosphate
Kainit
Superphosphate
Kainit
D fcT i m
h o 0 T3
Ph T c
73 r 3
3 D o
w c a per nds Ph CD 3J
o o 25
dMH O Ph
o K1 6 B 1
o
w
T3
03 a
Ph
j
100
80
80
40
160
80
80
40
f Superphosphate
IN
Nitrate of Soda
jMuriate of Potash
Nitrate of Soda
I Muriate of Potash
I Nitrate of Soda
Superphosphate
Muriate of Potash
Nitrate of Soda
Superphosphate
Muriate of Potash
Nitrate of Soda
Unfertilized
160
80
80
40
160
160
80
80
Superphosphate 160
I Nitrate of Soda 80
80
40
80
80
40
40
160
80
80
80
40
40
25
62
72
86
24
64
74
87
2 97
1 48
49
1 25
99
1 50
3 46
1 73
4 71
36
3875
36
2725
31
3225
37
31
3075
29
44
36
46
35 75
46
422
28
3325
4625
4050
23
9300
8640
6540
7440
7740
8880
7440
7380
5960
10560
8640
11040
8580
11040
10140
6720
7980
11100
H720
5520
3340
2680
580
1480
1780
2920
1480
1420
4600
2680
5080
2620
5080
4180
760
2020
5140
3760
72MAY CROP REPORT1892
TABLE No 14
Yield of Peas
41
Ji Yield per Plot
o Calculated
Yield per
o o 1st Picking 2d Picking 3d Picking Total Acre Bushels
fc
1 380 068 028 476 142
3 370 040 410 123
3 L93 030 006 229 88
4 205 030 006 241 78
s 1 32 052 006 190 57
0 140 057 001 198 59
r 192 100 003 295 88
S 195 068 010 273 8
ft 121 077 198 59
SO 436 037 47 142
11 348 067 003 418 125
12 311 130 006 447 134
13 291 147 002 440 132
14 270 161 005 436 13
IS 206 202 013 421 126
143 162 008 313 94
r 130 182 009 321 96
is 322 147 009 478 143
i 267 169 015 451 135
so 092 103 024 219 65
The results of this experiment are highly interesting They
seem to confirm the statement that the cow peas like other legu
minous plants have the power to gather and assimilate nitrogen
from other sources than the fertilizer applied as indicated by the
comparison of increase in yield by the aid of mixed minerals and
a complete fertilizer
Phosphoric acid in all cases increased the yield in proportion to
the amount applied while potash alone was more efficient in
smaller rations In regard to the different potash salts kainit gave
better results than muriate of potash either alone or in combina
tion with superphosphate
The economic results are expressed in the table in giving the cost
of increase over the unfertilized plot Plot 1 160 pounds super
phospate at a cost of 125 gave an increase of 3340 pounds while
superphosphate and kainit plot 12 at a cost of 249 increased the
yield 5080 pounds Plot 19 at a cost 471 5140 pounds
While plot 1 gave the largest increase for the money expended
in fertilizer there can be no question in regard to the more ad
vantageous result of plot 12
The larger the yield of vines we remove from our soil the larger
7342 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
the amount of roots and stubble left therein or the larger the crop
we turn under the nearer we come to return our land to a condi
tion of greater fertility
The yield of peas corresponds generally with the above experi
mentsthe larger the yield of vines the larger the yield of peas
The effect of phosphoric acid is evidenced in every plot where
superphosphate alone or with other fertilizing material has been
appliedthe largest per cent of peas being obtained at the first
picking wherever superphosphates formed the basis of the fertiliz
ing ingredients while nitrate of soda retards the ripening
Conclusions1 It is manifest from the result of the experiment
that cow peas readily respond to the application of superphosphate
either alone or in combination as also the larger the amount of
superphosphate applied the greater the yield in vines as in peas
i That larger rations of potash alone proved less valuable than
smaller ones
3 The practical bearing of the division of plants into nitrogen
gatherers and nitrogen consumers of so much importance to the
cultivator finds a practical illustration in this experiment It
illustrates that cow peas gather their nitrogen from other sources
than the fertilizer applied
4 That mixed minerals superphosphates and potash gave the
most economic results
5 That kainit as a source of potash produced better effect than
muriate of potash
SORGHUMS
The general character of the experiment was the same as the
previous year with the addition of a few new varieties
The soil was a red clay loam with clay subsoil planted in sweet
potatoes the year previous and of pretty uniform fertility
The land was well prepared ami laid oil in rows four feet apart
in which the fertilizer consisting at the rate per acre of 320pounds
superphosphate Kid pounds of muriate of potash and 360 pounds
cotton seed meal was applied and thoroughly mixed with the soil
After being bedded with shovel plow and levelled with a hoard the
seed of the different varieties were planted one foot apart April 10th
After the plants were well established they were reduced to a
uniform stand of three plants to a hill
The distance of teosinte was four feet in the drill while pearl
millet seed was drilled in a small furrow and lightly covered
The rows were onehalf acre long each divided into four plots of
equal size the first plot to illustrate the yield of the different
cuttings the second to ascertain the yield if cut when in bloom
and the yield of a second cutting the third the amount of forage
when cut when the seed is in dough and the fourth plot to obtain
the amount of seed produced
The last plot proved unsuccessful as droves of English sparrows
destroyed the seed as soon as it passed the doughy state
74MAY CROP REPORT1892
43
The results confirm the great value of this class of forage plants
their great yield their adaptability to our hot and dry climate
their highly nourishing properties the preference of all our farm
stock either in the green or dry state suggest it as the future staple
food for farm animals
In the dairy operations for soiling in the absence of suitable
pastures which is often the case in our Southern States during the
hot dry summers there is no green forage which can equal or sur
pass its value in the production of milk Table No 15 gives the
yield of each cutting as also the total yield of three cuttings per
acre in the green state and dry
The first and second cuttings were made before the flower stalk
appeared At the last cutting the plants were somewhat further
advanced
Table No 16 indicates the yield of two cuttings the first one
made at the flowering state at the second cutting the plants were
more or less advanced also the yield if cut in dough a second
one was obtained after the harvest but for reasons the weighing
was omitted
To compare the yield of sorghum with that of corn forage two
varieties of corn were planted in adjoining plots the yield of which
is illustrated in table No 17
TABLE No XV
Varieties of Sorghum Etc Yield per Acre of Different Cuttings
Links Hybrid
Colenian Cane
Folgers Early
Early Orange
White Millo Maize
Yellow Millo Maize
Mam Sorghum
Kaffir Corn
Jerusalem Corn
Early Amber
Teosinte
Pearl Millet
1st Cutting 2d Cutting
Green Dry iGreen Dry Green Dry Green
d Cutting
Total of
3 Cuttings
22464
16536
19760
18720
IS LS
17277
19552
11648
11005
15308
24336
12004
2579
1913
2392
2080
2204
2080
2163
1664
1872
1996
3182
2163
13728
9256
10504
14352
16640
12688
11856
9984
8736
11440
14560
28880
1996
1580
1788
2038
2704
1996
1996
1560
1664
1872
2080
3910
8320
11232
7072
8944
Hi 221
16640
15704
10400
7488
12584
1664
1747
1289
lli4
2579
2662
2 i
l7n
1381
1788
17472 2995
44512
37n24
73I
42016
117 12
46605
47112
32032
272211
39322
38896
52416
Dry
6239
5440
5461
5782
7487
0738
6530
4 12 I
1867
5656
5262
9068
7544
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

TABLE No XVI
Varieties af Sorghum Cut in Bloom and in Dough Yield per Acre
In Bloom
VARIETY First Cutting Second Cutting Total 2 Cuttigs In Dough
Green Dry Green Green Green Dry
Links Hybrid
Colenian Cane
Folgers Early
Earlv Orange
White Millo Maize
Yellow Millo Maize
Mammoth Sorghum
Kaffir Corn
Jerusalem Corn
Early Amber
24960
23296
25168
2Siisi I
27040
17680
28168
17sss
13416
24960
8320
8112
9235
0816
9568
6240
9815
1240
4576
9001
11648
8420
9256
12480
14872
11024
13728
0084
7696
13524
30608
31716
34424
40560
41012
28704
41800
27872
21112
38484
25000
25296
24544
29120
28120
18720
20040
18432
12480
25812
9152
8930
10400
12480
10816
7488
12008
7372
4992
10102
TABLE XVIII
Yield of Forage and Seed of Cow Peas Soja Beans Varieties of Corn and
Peanut Vines
Forage per Plot Forage per Acre
Green Dry
Green
Dry
Seed per
Plot
Seed per
Acre
lbs i lbs I lbs
Soja Bean 3475 1050 9730
Speckled Cow Pea 4650 935 13020
Wayman Cora 8800 2540 23240
Blunts Prolific Corn 7500 2400 21000
Brazilian Flour Corn 7250 2175 20300
Pop Corn 6950 2150 10400
Peanuts 2550 825 7140
lbs
2040
2018
7112
0720
6000
0020
2330
lbs
467
300
1905
1010
1887
lbs
1307
840
2007
2254
2361
TABLE No XIX
imposition of Cow Peas Soja Beans and Corn
Cow Peas Soja Beans Corn
1284 170 2104 516 5537 293 127 832 2048 3524 484 2586 526 121 1015
Crude Fat 493
986 211
Ash 7133 162 185
70
MAY CROP REPORT1892
45
TABLE No XX
Composition of Cow Pea Vines Soja Bean Vines Corn Forage and Peanut Vines
Cured
Cow Pea Vines Soja Bean Vines Corn Forage Peanut Vines
890 364 1609 2314 4176 647 132 12 300 1490 2484 3889 634 131 5200 413 1245 2890 255 17 Dry matter
Crude Fat 630
1269
475
4636
Ash 996
14
TABLE No XXL
Yield of Crude Nutrients of One Acre of
Crude Fat
Crude Protein
Crude Fibre
Nitrogenfree extract
Ash
Cow Pea
Vines
Cured
Soja Bean
Vines
Cured
Corn
Forage
Cured
Peanut
Vines
Cured
9529
42123
60580
109350
16938
8820
43806
73029
114336
18639
28022
83664
193536
17300
99
19961
38931
72629
15667
TABLE No XXII
Yield of Crude Nutrients of One Acre of
Cow Peas Soja Beans Corn
1478 18429 4334 46410 2461 26776 46058 0325 33799 6874 13148 26296
5627
190127
4321
The results evidence the exceptionally high value of the Soja
beans as a feeding stuff far greater than that of corn or cow peas
the superiority of the vines for forage which in composition are
equal to the cow peas and greatly surpass the corn forage
The following experiments have been omitted being more or
less out of season at this date
Bulletin 15Experiment No 1Special Nitrogen Experiment on
Corn No 7 Variety Test of Corn No 9 Composting in the Heap vs
77ii
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
omposting in the Furrow Article IISmall Fruits by G Speth Hor
ticulturist illustrated
Bulletin 16Experiment No 15Special Nitrogen Experiment on
Cotton No Klntereultural Fertilizing Cotton No 19 Variety Tests
of Cotton
Bullet 17Irish Potato Experiments Potash Experiments on Sweet
Potatoes Variety Test of Tomatoes etcGeo W Harrison State PrinterBulletin No 22
Third Series
SEASON 189192
Commercial Fertilizers
AND
CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Admitted for Sale in the State of
Georgia up to April 28th 1892
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
Hon R T NESBITT
Commissioner of Agriculture
of the State of Georgia
Dr GEORGE F PAYNE State Chemist
ATLANTA GEORGIA
Geo W Habrison State Printer
Franklin Publishing HouseVALUATIONS
For available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash for Season of 189192
Available phosphoric acid 4 cents a pound
Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 12 cents a pound
Potash 4 cents a pound
If calculated by units
Available phosphoric acid 80 cents per unit
Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 2 40 cents per unit
Potash 80 cents per unit
The relative commercial valuation which is given each fertilizer is calculated
from the above figures with an addition to each of 200 per ton to cover in
spection sacks mixing and handling
To calculate the commercial value of a ton of a given fertilizer bear in mind
that a ton weighs 2000 pounds and one per cent of this is twenty pounds
If a goods contain one per cent of available phosphoric acid this will be twenty
pounds of available phosphoric acid in a ton Twenty pounds of available
phosphoric acid at four cents a pounds will be eighty cents for each per cent
contained in a ton or eighty cents per unit as it is generally designated am
monia being twelve cents a pound each one per cent or twenty pounds in a
ton will be worth 240 As potash is the same value as available phosphoric
acid each per cent in a ton will be worth eight cents
To illustrate this take a sample containing
Available phosphoric acid1010 multiply by 80 8 08
Ammonia260 multiply by 240 6 24
Potash110 multiply by 80 88
Inspection sacks mixing and handling 2 60
Relative commercial value 17 jg
These valuations were obtained by the most careful investigation and fairly
represent the wholesale cash value of fertilizers in Georgia in those cities where
the goods enter the State or where they are manufactured A great majority
of the number of large manufacturers whose prices were used as a basis for
these valuations offer their goods at Savannah for cash at figures which cor
respond with these values Any one buying at a distance from Savannah
should add the freight to that point to obtain its local wholesale cash value
this subtracted from the price charged for the goods will give one a fair idea
of what is charged as profit Goods are sold very close for cash but when
sold on time dealers are compelled to charge full prices to cover interest cost
of collection and bad debts
It is impossible to fix exact values for an entire season upon mercantile
goods subject to the fluctuations of the market hence these values while con
sidered fairly aproximate are to be regarded rather as comparative and not
as absolute
Georgia is the largest consumer of commercial fertilizers of any State in the
Union Thanks to our well devised fertilizer law she also secures them at lower
prices that any other State Goods of identical composition and made in one
instance of which we are aware in the same factory are sold in the New En
gland States for 3000 per ton in Tennessee for 2600 per ton and in Georgia
for 2200 per ton Dr Geo F Payne
State Chemist
81TABLE No I
ra
Ammoniated Guanos Containing Two per Cent and Upward of Ammonia
NAME OF BRAND
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ameiicus Guano
00
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Astepoo Fertilizer
Asley Complete Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bono
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
A A Special Preparation
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
AmmoniatedBone Superphosphate
Alliance Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
A A Special Preparation
n
E lli
E 110
D 106
D 106
C 107
2682

18
is
7
Phosphoric Acid
a
090 30
H 111 2706
H 101 2715
C 102 B 14
C 108 C 8
D 139 2682
F 101 2657
E 133 2719
0 115 2040
A 101 A 10
990
1157
1157
1224
1099
1551
L352
1155
901
1087
1283
13 85
907
3
446
445
123
129
203
862
178
97
140
207
1
184
rjJ
564
564
759
7
781
7
068
783
859
018
662
781
739
811
M
246
215
1
100
255
2
246
103
206
16
266
191
2 09
268
809
809
919
919
1039
915
914
880
1003
964
918
975
948
107
220
220
202
202
247
266
200
210
261
240
205
220
212
159
159
254
251
287
150
176
200
219
205
211
15
220
125
OH
5 s
3
a

15 64
15 64
16 84
16 84
19 14
17 48
10 12
16 86
19 12
17 72
16 56
16 90
17 04
18 17
guaranteed
Analysis
Zi
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Ainericus Guano Co Americu Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Rawls V Webb Cuthbert Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
TheZell Q ano Co Baltimore Md
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
G Ober Sons Co Bal imore Md
o
H
g
H
ffi
2
5
n
H
d
c
to
OAmericus Guano
Atlanta Aminoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Aurora Ammoniated Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
x Ammoniated Guano
CO
Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Alliance Standard
Alliance Complete
Alliance Complete
Ammoniate I Bone Superphosphate
Brannans Choice Animal Bone Fertilizer
BrighamVAmmoniated Dissolved Bone
Blood andBone Fertilizer
Blood and Bone Fertilizer
D 113 2656 896 114 700 197 897 241 219 17 29 1 8
D 113 2656 896 114 700 197 897 240 219 17 29 1 8
D 101 B 14 1352 362 783 103 886 210 266 16 86 2 9
F 115 2711 1365 261 861 139 1000 206 222 17 32 9 9
D 153 2801 1120 81 714 262 976 225 160 17 09 3 8
F 181 2791 1188 77 729 279 ID ON 223 168 17 36 3 8
E 158 2792 17 397 486 556 1042 238 172 18 03 3 8
D 153 2801 1120 81 714 262 976 225 160 17 03 3 8
F 181 2791 1188 77 729 279 1008 223 168 17 36 3 8
E 158 27112 517 397 486 556 1042 238 172 18 03 3 8
E 137 2747 1053 115 861 41 902 214 355 17 80 1 8
F 133 2724 1010 109 693 420 1113 250 253 19 53 1 9
F 188 2816 1207 225 636 237 873 20U 129 15 42 8
F 142 2776 1388 155 794 318 1112 200 279 18 53 4 8
H 135 2822 1231 96 614 241 855 232 168 16 31 IK 8
H 121 2763 1379 90 843 180 1023 238 178 17 92 1 8
F 136 2772 1187 178 824 193 1017 202 146 16 76 1 8
D 133 2673 1582 110 759 232 991 200 138 16 44 1 8
0 167 2945 1363 203 764 198 962 205 159 16 49 1 8
F 148 2734 995 178 s01 147 94S 205 125 16 11 1 8
E 133 2719 1283 267 784 191 975 220 151 16 90 2 8
E 13 2745 1050 304 774 205 979 212 195 17 08 2 8
F 143 2739 1190 203 802 112 914 201 181 16 19 1 8
D 146 2799 1464 45 688 242 930 207 114 15 92 2 8
D 110 2661 1793 93 588 353 941 212 140 16 34 2 8
2
2
2
ZK
m
1 Americus Guaiu Jo Americus Ga
1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
2 Baldwin Fert Co Port Koyal S C
2 Baldwin Fert Co Port KoylS C
Vi Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
yz Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
IX Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
iy2 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
1 Ga Farmers Oil F Co Madison Ga
1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
2 Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
1 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
1 PatapscoGuano Co Baltimore Md
1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa
1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
I The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Coweta Fert Co Newnan Ga
1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
1 Head Fertilizer Co New York
1 Read Fertilizer Co New York

X
K
CO
O
l
Q
O
K
K
X
a
hH

IT1

X
M
XTABLE No LContinued
NAME OF BRAND
A
o
a h
3 i
C N
v ti
o

J S
2946 1363
27 t 995
C 42 1566
2708 121
2705 1699
2648 L390
2680 1305
2686 L653
2760 14St
2742 1270
2748 1271
2744 1337
2800 1258
2751 1340
2754 1396
Phosphoric Acid

fca
Guaranteed
Analysis
i
Sn 3 2n 2 3
S3 PE 1
zz o c C3
a H
H Ph
2 8 2 1
2 8 2 1
1 2 VA
1 8 2 l
2 8 2 l
1 8 2
iy2 8 2 1
2 II 2 1
2 9 2 IK
1 8 2 2
1 8 2 2
1 8 2 2
1 8 2 2
2 X 2 1
2 f 2 1
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTUEED
H
w
H
o

s
a
d
t7
H
W
H
I
O
W
O
w

Boss Cilia no
Boss Guano
Bone Compound
oo Burke County Fertilizer
Cotton and Com Compound
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Cooper and Johnson Ammoniated Diss Bone
Cotton Fertilizer
Cotton Fertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertiliser
Complete Cotton Fertilizer
Cherokee Ammoniated Bone
D 117
F 148
111
H 110
H 111
C 1011
1 122
D 130
C 128
116
C 114
0 110
D 149
11 118
C 122
20
178
111
1110
12 I
184
166
74
701
801
721
7 IB
709
692
720
839
1112 7so
178
182
170
215
I Hi
418
707
653
668
7SO
1112
569
198
117
211
178
2 in
146
20S
123
2 17
147
1112
187
42
2iic
2 7li
1112
948
937
894
015
838
12s
M12
1107
s51
S 15
s55
822
002
S 15
205
205
2 I
221
2 15
216
211
201
211
205
200
201
200
237
2 12
159J16 in
125 10 11
20
1511
312
231
127
151
238
20s
231
323
180
10 75
17 48
10 05
10 00
11 12
10 S1
10 20
Id 1
10 12
10 51
10 05
115 18 37
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Goulding Fertilizer Co Pensacola Fla
and Dublin Ireland
Waynesboro Oil Fert Co Waynes
boro Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S 4
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
Bowker Fert Co Boston Mass Jno D
Weld Manager Savannah Ga
Bowker Feit CoBoston Mass Jno D
Wekl Manager Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah GaChatham Guano
Climax Guano
Cotton Maker
Cotton Maker
Cotton Maker
Coweta High Grade Fertilizer
Coweta Animal Bone
Clifton Complete Fertilizer
Carter and Woolfolks Superphosphate
Cumberland Guano
Cotton Seed Meal Mixture
Cairo Guano
01 Cairo Guano
Dissolved Bone Ammonia and Potash
Dabneys Choice Guano
Durham Ammoniated Fertilizer
Double Anchor Soluble Guano
Double Anchor Soluble Guano
DixieGuano
Dixie Guano
Diamond Cotton Food
Double Anchor Soluble Guano
Eddystone Soluble Guano
Etiwan Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ellis Soluble Pacific Guano
ns
122
153
181
lrS
139
140
171
154
165
127
128
125
289
125
276
120
158
128
125
133
113
113
2751
2754
2801
2791
2792
2748
2749
2833
2802
2806
2761
2672
2764
2831
2773
2947
2711
2805
2672
2764
2673
B II
2656
2815
2806
1340
1366
1120
1188
517
1073
1026
1070
931
1499
1100
1478
1428
719
1051
1084
1200
1021
1478
1428
1582
760
896
1339
1499
416
443
81
77
397
118
306
88
169
72
159
319
280
262
331
187
127
118
319
280
110
210
114
192
72
612
569
714
7211
486
704
708
684
045
800
631
663
595
624
779
656
76
771
663
595
759
7
700
152
800
290
276
262
27H
556
297
250
308
281
171
198
204
307
2 15
301
255
242
161
204
307
232
221
197
717
171
902
845
976
1008
1042
1001
102
992
920
971
829
867
902
869
1080
911
1004
940
867
902
991
1009
897
869
971
237
212
225
223
238
264
212
200
211
20
225
240
256
201
203
205
205
205
240
256
200
261
240
200
200
180
118
160
163
172
225
178
113
184
190
199
221
235
39
100
152
140
282
221
235
138
104
219
1
190
16 95
15 37
17 09
17 36
18 03
18 75
17 31
16 26
16 55
16
16 23
17 07
17
14 ill
10 92
16 03
16
17 30
17 07
17 84
16 44
17 75
17 29
15 94
16 69
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
i
1
1
vA
l
l
l
VA
iy2
IK
l
VA
l
l
2
2
1 Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
IX Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
IX Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
IX Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
IX Cowela Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
1 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
1 Clifton Chemical Co Atlanta Ga
1 Carter Woolfolk Albany Ga
1 Chas Ellis Savannah Ga
1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1V4 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
110 A P Brantley Co Blackshear Ga
1 W H Dabney Dabney Ga
Wi Durham Fertilizer Co Durham N C
1 Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston BC
1 Imperial Feitilizer Co Charleston SC
Vt Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC
1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
1 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
1 Chas Ellis Savannah Ga
75
O
l
Q
O

w
to
a

to
H
CSS
Pi
w
go
TABLE No IContinued
NAME OF BRAND
C3
Eagle Ammoniated Dissolved BoneIf 136 2772
Empire GuanoH 128 Till
Empire Guanop 128 2672
Eagle Ammoniated Diss Bone Fertilizer D 110 26SI
Eagle Ammoniated Diss Bone FertilizerD 111 2799
Excelsior GuanoD 133 2673
Economizer E 133 2719
Etiwan GuanoD 120 68
Eddystone Soluble Guano E 116 2662
I Kir c 18
1 I 2682
C 107 C
E I 2719
C 116 2712
r Ml 2713
C 110 2711
Eddystone Soluble Guano
Elephant Guano
Eutaw Fertilizer
Electric Guano
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bcne
D 119 2800
a
118
1128
14 78
1793
llill
1582
1283
963
990
157
II I
I
1224
1283
1270
1271
1337
1258
Phozplioric Acid
r
a
ai i
178
281
31
113
47
110
2ff
311
308
44
73
123
267
178
182
171
20
821
595
663
588
688
75
784
53
193
30
2Ill

24
232
191
484
564
75
705
7SI
7SI
707
653
668

2 I
160
238
255
ltll
117
112
187
101
902
867
941
930

975
1015
809
9 li
943
1039
97
854
s 15
855
212
25
240
212
207
201
220
5 d
o
Guaranteed
Analysis
K
1 16
235
221
140
114
138
152
41 181
21 15
202
254
251 211
217 2S
220 152
215 23S
200 268
201 231
200 323
816 76
17 84
17 07
16 34
15 92
16 It
16 IX
17 96
15 61
16 84
17 85
19 II
16 HI
16 26
16 31
16 12
16 56l

o
089
a

BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
8
2
1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
r Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
IVi Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Read Fertilizer Co New York
1 Read Fertilizer Co New York
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC
1 Atlanta GuanoCo Atlanta Ga
1 Amerieus Guano Co Americus Ga
2 Albany F F Imp Co Albany Ga
1 Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
1 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
3
W
H
2i
Q
e
H
a
to
H
I
O
H
C
WFarmers Standard Ammoniated Phosphate
Farmers Friend
Farmers Friend
Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Farmers Standard Guano
Georgia Stat3 Grange Fertilizer
Georgia State Grange Stand Am Superphos
Good Enough Guano
Gouldings St George
Georgia Pacific Guano
Georgia Fertilizer
Gem of Athens Fertilizer
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia State Stand Am Superphos
Georgia State Stan Am Superphos
Georgia State Stand Am Superphos
Georgia State Stand Am Superphos
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Fertilizer
Gem Guano
Gem Guano
H 118
C 232
D 141
C 115
C 109
E 122
C 102
C 109
A 127
E 111
A 113
0 109
F 138
D 101
F 115
D 116
D 114
D 110
D 149
C 116
C 114
C 110
D 149
D 153
F 181
2822
2951
2795
2616
2648
2709
B 14
2648
C 26
C 42
B 11
2618
2766
B 14
2714
2742
2743
2744
2800
2742
2713
2714
2800
2801
2791
1234
1350
1582
1385
1390
1083
1352
1390
973
1566
760
1390
1020
1352
1365
1270
1271
1337
1258
1270
1271
1337
1258
1120
1188
96
106
147
168
184
91
312
181
206
19
210
184
139
3 62
261
178
182
170
205
178
182
170
205
81
77
614 211 855 2 32 168 16 36 i
752 169 921 266 130 17 40 2
627 173 800 232 136 15 66 2
739 209 948 212 220 17 04 1
692 146 838 216 312 16 95 2
803 122 925 273 241 18 48 2
783 103 886 210 266 16 86 2
692 146 8 38 216 312 16 95 o
471 346 s17 236 189 16 32 1
723 214 937 231 182 17 10 1
788 221 1009 261 104 17 75 1
692 146 838 216 312 16 95 1
574 358 932 221 137 16 46 1
7 S3 103 886 210 266 16 86 2
861 139 1000 206 222 17 32 2
707 147 854 205 238 16 26 1
653 192 845 201 268 li 31 1
668 187 855 201 231 16 12 1
780 12 822 200 323 10 56 1
707 147 854 205 238 1626 1
653 192 845 200 268 16 31 1
068 187 855 201 231 16 iJ 1
780 42 822 200 323 16 56 1
714 262 970 225 160 17 09 3
729 279 1008 223 168 17 36 3
IVi O Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
IX
Read Fertiliser Co New York
Read Fertilizer Co New York
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Cj Savannah Ga
Middle Ga Mfg Co H gansvil e Ga
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
CoOperative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga
Gouldings F Co Pen Fla Dublin I
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Comer Hull Co Charleton S C
Athens Oil and Felt Co Athens Ga
Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C
Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Conie Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md

til
O
i
a
o
g
g
w
K
Q
i

j
ft
Sd
m
w
32
1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore MdTABLE No IContinued
ra
BRAND 1 s V S hi a s 3 t o eS o a al at N 1 p 3 o lhosphoric A id s c 0 E S 4 O M S3 3 is 0 a to s 8 y Is Sg B 8 M Guarantied Analysis
si 3 O W 3 3 X T3 U H a CO
NAME OF 22 3 g So E O c 5 in 8 M O BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
E 158 F 146 V 111 i2 171 143 D 128 H 125 D 14i D 110 C 116 C 114 C 110 D 149 E 137 F 173 IF 17C Ic llf 2792 2741 2741 2833 2739 21172 2764 2798 2661 2742 2743 2744 281K 2747 2811 2808 1 274 517 770 1028 1070 1190 1478 1128 1464 1798 1270 1271 1337 1258 1153 1006 1027 1271 397 219 258 88 203 319 280 M 93 486 632 507 684 802 063 595 688 588 550 256 354 308 112 204 307 242 858 147 192 187 42 41 188 171 117 1042 888 951 992 914 867 902 930 941 854 845 855 S22 902 972 871 SS4 238 293 2 IIS 200 201 240 256 207 212 205 201 201 200 214 23 287 205 172 122 175 115 181 221 235 114 140 288 268 231 323 3r5 215 373 238 18 03 17 72 16 60 16 26 16 19 17 07 17 84 15 92 16 34 16 26 16 31 11 12 16 56 17 80 17 84 19 44 16 26 3 1 1 2 2 VA IX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 9 8 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 2K 2 2 2 2 2y2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 IX 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 iy2 2 2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Georgia Major Guano Georgia Queen Guano Garrett Zellers Am CoOperative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga Co Op rative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga
Dis 1 Clifton Chemical Co Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raiiin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Georgia SubTeaury Georgia Sub Treasury Hightower Co s An juan 3uai Di Dis Dis Dis Read Fertilizer Co New York
Reid Fertilizer Co New York
178 707 182 658 170 668 1 205 780 115 861 1 122 784 1 74 70 1 178 707 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull it Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull i Co Savannah Ga
Hlghtower Oos Am Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Coweta Fertilizer Company Newnan
Houston Guano Works Fort Valley Ga
Houston Guano Works Fort Valley Ga Gorsfia Fertilizer Co lJort Royal S C
o
M

n
s
a
H
O
11

II
o
f1
H
Cj
W
M
I

w
c
68
Hardees Cotton Boll
Hardees Cuton Boll
Hardees Cotton Boll
Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone
Hogansville Gnano
Hardees Cotton Boll
Imperial Guano
C
c
1
c
E
C
I
Imperial Soluble GuanoIf
Imperial Soluble Guano E
Imperial GuanoIF
Imperial Guano E
Imperial Guano D
no John M Greens FormulaB
Jacksons High Grade FertilizerF
Jonahs Gourd GuanoD
J S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone
J S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone
Jno M Greens Formula
Jno M Greens Formula
Jno M Greens Formula
King Guano
King Guano
King Cotton Guano
Lane Bros Ammoniated Dis Bone
Lane Bros Ammoniated Dis Bone
Ill
llll
149
109
122
109
113
158
120
1
116
106
113
Ill
156
123
125
lill
10i
in
l
128
139
116
lit
2713
2744
2800
2648
2711 I
2618
2658
2805
2711
2770
2662
18
2656
2820
2803
2672
2701
2770
18
2662
2761
2672
2683
2742
2713
1271
1337
1258
1390
1083
1390
896
1024
1200
096
990
1157
896
895
907
1478
1428
996
115
990
1428
1478
904
1270
1271
182
170
205
184
91
184
114
128
127
317
308
445
114
171
178
319
280
31
445
308
280
319
97
178
182
192
187
42
146
1 22
146
197
101
242
407
245
100
197
292
267
201
307
407
160
245
307
204
18 346
07i 147
5sl 192
845
855
822
838
925
S3S
897
940
1004
1010
809
919
897
1047
803
867
902
1010
919
809
902
807
364
854
845
200
201
200
210
273
216
240
205
205
201
220
202
240
233
230
240 221
268
231
323
312
241
312
219
282
140
104
159
254
219
172
256
201
202
220
256
240
240
205
200
235
104
254
159
235
221
205
238
208
16 31
10 12
10
16 95
18 IS
10 95
17 29
17 30
16 68
16 34
15 64
16 84
17 29
17 95
17 18
17 07
17 84
10 34
16 84
15 64
17 84
17 07
17 72
16 26
16 31
1 8 2
1 8 2
1 s 2
1 8 2
2 8 2 iy2
1 8 2
1 8 2
Vl 8 2
iy 8 2
i 8 2
i 8 2
i 8 2
i 8 2
5 8 2
1 8 2
1 9 lA vi
1 9 i m
1 8 2
1 8 2
1 8 2
IX 9 2 l4
iy2 9 2 Hi
i 8 2
i 8 2
i t 2
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
Comer Hull A CoSavannah Ga
Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansv le Ga
Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C
Amei icus Guano Co Americus Ga
Imperial Fert CoCharleston S C
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
U a ton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Almand Moon Jackson Ga
Mitchell Co Fert Co Camila Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Rawls Webb Cuthbert Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
K
CO
O
O
W
o

W
H
CO
ITABLE No IContinued
c Phosphoric Arid ai Guaranteed
a s 3 Analysis

NAME OF BRAND CD o M a d Jl 6 S d w la S O Oh si 18 o a So o S 0 BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
o a S si o u g j5 4 S s o 3 o V Ki 3 5 a o e s a o a a o UFACiURED
Lane Bros Ammoniated Dis Bone
Lane fc Bros Ammomated Dis Bone
Lanes Our Own
Lock wood Cotton Grower
3 Lockwood Cotton GrowerF
Listers GuanoH
Lanes W T Bros Ammd Dis Bone
Lockwood Cotton Grower
Mastodon Phospho
Matchless Cotton GrowerD
Matchless Cotton Grower I
Monarch GuanoF
Manatee GuanoF
Manatee GuanoD
Mella Cotton Grown E
Monroe GuanoF
Matchless Cotton GrowerD
c Hi
D 11
0 US
E ia
F 158
H 113
C 109
A 113
F L30
2711
2800
2759
2711
2805
2750
2618
B 11
2765
110 2661
i
146 27
149 2735
148 2784
2945
2770
2694
122 2680
1337
1258
1285
1200
1024
1401
1390
760
11 XI
1793
1401
1035
995
1363
996
1025
305
170
205
211
127
118
132
18
210
88
93
45
171
178
203
317
187
106
668
780
800
70
77
803
692
788
759
588
688
78
801
701
003
732
720
855
825
8f
1004
9 IK
949
838
1009
050
041
930
910
9 is
002
1010
1074
928
201
200
21
205
205
223
10
201
230
212
207
247
205
205
201
243
213
231
323
59
141
282
214
3 12
104
155
140
114
235
125
15
104
132
231
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Port Royal Pert Co Port Royal S C
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Listers Agricultural Chem Woiks
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Clarence Angier Ailanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Rear Fertilizer Co New York
Read Fertilizer Co New York
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Southern Phosphate WorksMaconGa
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga
Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
w
M
d
S
w
g
w
H
o

O
w
o

It
h
d
w
K
I
O
O
W
oManipulated Guano
NassauGuano
Nassau Guano
Newton County High Grade
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
Old Reliable
On Hunlers Matchless Blood B Guano
Orr Hunters Matchless Blood B Guano
Our Own
Ocmulgee Guano
Ocmulgee Guano
Olympic Guano
Olympic Guano
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
Old Time Guano
Owl Brand Guano
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer
P rt Royal Cotton Fertilizer
Pomona Guano
C 112 2642 883 133 565 295 860 314 363 19 92 1 8 VA
D 130 2686 1653 74 839 123 962 200 127 16 12 2 9 2
C 128 2760 1484 102 70 217 997 211 151 16 85 2 9 2
F 129 2775 952 224 661 338 999 251 142 17 76 1 8 2
D 116 2742 1270 178 707 147 851 205 238 Id 26 1 8 2
D 114 2743 1271 182 653 192 845 200 268 16 31 1 8 2
D 110 2744 1337 170 668 187 855 201 231 16 12 1 8 2
D 149 2800 1258 205 780 42 822 200 323 16 56 1 8 2
C 119 2759 1285 211 860 125 985 217 59 16 16 1 8 2
D 128 2672 1478 319 663 201 867 240 221 17 07 vA 9 2y2
H 125 2764 142s 280 595 307 902 250 2 17 84 134 9
D 133 2678 1582 110 759 232 991 200 13S 16 41 1 8 2
D 167 2945 1363 203 764 198 962 205 159 16 49 2 8 2
F 148 273 995 178 801 147 948 205 125 16 11 2 8 2
D 167 2915 1363 203 761 198 962 205 159 16 49 2 8 2
F 148 2734 995 178 801 147 948 205 125 16 11 2 0 2
C 109 2648 1390 184 692 146 838 216 312 16 95 1 8 2
H 103 2713 1156 210 741 181 922 251 56 16 52 2 8 2T
A 112 B 9 856 128 649 286 935 290 212 18 74 2 8 2
D 116 2742 1270 178 707 147 854 205 238 16 20 1 8 2
D 114 2743 1271 182 653 192 815 200 268 16 31 1 8 2
D 110 2744 1337 170 668 187 855 201 231 16 12 1 8 2
D 149 2800 1258 205 780 42 822 200 321 16 56 1 8 2
H 118 2751 1340 416 612 290 902 237 180 16 95 2 8 2
2 Willcox Gibbs GuOo Savannah Ga
Bowker Fert Co Boston MassJno
D Weld Manager Savannih Ga
1 Bowker Fert C Boston Mass Jno
D Weld Manager Savannah Ga
t Cook Hays Covington Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
110 Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
li Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
I Southern Pnosphate Works Maeon Ga
I Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
I Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
1 Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
ic Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Davie Whittle Petersburg Va
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah
i

a
CC
O
o
o
S
is
w
o

IS
H
IS
a
GO
ITABLE NO I Continued
N A I E OF BRAND
u X G p ospho

0
X l
a


O D 0
a X
D u 5
a o
CO A o
Planters Soluble Guano
Pouhattan Kaw Bone Am Superplms
Potomac Guano
Potomac Guano
Penguin Guano
Patent Pacific Guano
Phoenix Guano
fiirt Ammoniated Bone Vegetable Fert
Port Royal Cotton Fertilzer
Plow Brand Kaw Bone Superphosphate
Rockdale Standard Ammoniated Guano
Rabbit Foot Guno
Ruths Good Luck Guan
i cue Guan
Rescue Guano
Reliance Ammoniated Superphos
Reliable H R Cos
F 143
r 188
ii 125
n 128
F 11
I 11
ll 129
V lls
c 109
1 123
F 121
F 173
188
F lls
Ii i
Ii 129
I 122
2739
2816
276I
2672
2733
2657
2681
2645
ills
21 IS I
271 IS
2811
2816
2734
2945
2681
2709
1190
12111
1128
1478
1035
1687
1053
965
13 10
1001
1128
Hilie
120
995
1363
1053
1083
213
1
280
31
171
146
381
114
I si
297
08
122
i 25
178
203
381
11
802
131
595
003
781
652
555
588
012
587
686
7si
0311
S01
704
555
8113
112
237
307
204
127
210
38
212
146
410
869
lss
237
147
I Cs
38
1

o3 Guaranteed
Analysis

O o S rz OT3
d 1 o3
c c a Sfi 5 0
s a cS ii 5 2 a d
Oj M Ph
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTORED
914
s73
902
807
916
18
941
800
838
1112
1055
972
s73
9 IS
962
9 II
926
201 181
200 129
2ill 235
240 221
247 235
205 211
2 II 197
691 122
216 312
270 225
237 148
239 215
200 129
205 125
205 159
214 197
273 241
Sl 19 2
15 42 2
17 84 1
17 07 1
I
17 71 2
I
10 56
16 87
3d 56
11 95
19 22
17 92
17 81
I 12
111 II 2
III 19 2
16 87i 1
18 48 2
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Rasin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa
Southern Fhos Co Atlanta Ga
Walton Whann Co Charleston SC
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C
Walton Whann V Co Charleston SC
Conyers Oil and Fert Co Conyers Ga
Houston Guano Works Fort Valley Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Southern Phosphate Wks Macon Ga
Southern Phosphate Wks Macon Ga
Walton Whann Co Charleston SC
Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansville ia
K
a

W
H
s
W
H
O
i
Q
f
H
a
w
o
w
o
w
oRoyal Soluble Guano
South Carolina AnimM Dissolved B ne
Seals A mm miated Bone
Seals Ammoniated Bone
SealsAmmoniated Bone
Stonewall Guano
Stonewall Guano
Stonewall Guano
Sterling Guano
Sterling Guano
Sea Gull Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Soluble Sea Island Guano
Soluble Sea Island Guano
Sou h American Guano
Sjuth American Guano
Sjuth Georgia BoneSuperphos
South Georgia Bone Superphos
Stubbs Tisons Ammd Dissolved Bone
Stubbs Tisons Ammd Dissolved Bone
Southern Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Sterling Guano
Small Grain SpeciSc
Standard Guano
Soluble Guano
Sibleys Ammoniated Dissolve Bune
L22 2680 1305
119 2759 1285
153 2801 1120
181 2791 1188
158 2792 517
l 2801 11 20
181 2791 1188
L58 2792 517
158 2805 1024
120 2711 1200
121 2763 1379
125 2711 1428
128 2 172 1478
125 2701 1428
128 2072 1478
110 2661 L793
140 2799 1401
125 2704 1428
128 2072 1478
104 2057 1687
113 B 11 700
111 270 1699
136 2085 1155
111 2705 1699
115 2646 1385
166
211
81
77
397
81
77
397
118
127
90
290
319
280
319
93
45
280
319
140
210
129
197
129
1
720 208 928
860 125 985
714 262 B76
729 279 10IIS
486 556 1042
714 202 970
729 279 inIS
480 556 1042
779 101 940
702 242 1004
843 180 1023
595 307 902
003 204 864
595 307 902
663 204 S0I
588 353 941
688 242 9311
595 307 912
003 201 861
052 266 918
788 221 1009
709 206 915
793 213 1006
709 206 II 15
739 2 Op 948
213
217
225
231
59
160
223 los
238 172
22o 100
223J 108
238 172
205
205
238
256
240
256
240
2 12
207
250
240
205
201
205
227
265
212
282
140
178
235
22
235
221
140
114
235
221
211
101
150
156
151
220
1699
16 16
17 09
17 36
18 03
17 09
17 30
18 03
17 30
10 08
17 92
17 SI
17 0
17 84
17 07
10 l
15 92
17 81
17 07
16 56
17 75
17 48
17 35
1748
17 04
1
110
IX
IX
IX
IX
1
1
1
1
IK
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
R iisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baitimoie Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Read Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Read Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Southern Phos Co Atlanta Ga
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
AshleN Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Albany Fert Farm I Co Albany Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Comer Hull Co for Sibley Mixon
Co Augusta Ga

r
O

c
z
a

c

l

x
1
ITABLE No IContinued
m
NAME OF BRAND
oj
Soluble Guano
Southern States Standard
Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime
Soluble Guano
Sternes Ammd Raw Bone Superphosphate
Soluble Guano
Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Treadwell Abbotts Am Dissolved Bone
Treadwell Abbotts Am Dissolved Bone
Truck Farmers Special Guano
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Victor Guano
Victor Guano
A II
H mi
A lllll
I 122
10 121
E 112
C Ks
c lie
c 114
c 110
D 119
II 125
D 123
C 126
C 109
A 113
F 158
B 11
2701
A 10
2680
2706
2658
O 8
2712
2743
2744
2800
27H1
2H72
2758
2648
710
1832
907
13 or
12 IS
9 28
11
1270
1271
1337
1258
1128
1478
1714
1390
7mi
1024
Phosphoric Acid

210 788
101 7711
184
1111
u
363
I
178
182
170
2O
811
720
92
711
859
707
653
668
780
2so 595
lnil
1080
692
70
310
184
210
118
221
2
2 IS
2 IS
1110
277
2011
14
102
187
42
1107
201
112
146
221
161
lono
10 OS
1079
928
10111
1011
1063
864
s Ii
855
of
Guaranteed
Analysis

JZ o
2 a
z 0
2111
202
260
213
250
2111
2111
211
200
201
200
9021 251
86
1112
838
1009
2 10
2 Hi
261
940 20
104
15
125
231
2511
10
219
2 Its
268
231
11211
235
221
11711
17
17
18
11 1
1
17
10
16
16 1
10
k
17
17 1
22

H 12
104
2S2 17
75 1 8
25 1 8
47 2K 8
00 1 8
II 1 s
80 Vi 8
12 S
20 1 8
3l 1 8
8
1 8
SI i 9
117 iH 9
is 1 10
11 1 8
75 VA 8
30 1
I1
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
c L Montague Co Savannah 6a
GOber Son Co Baltimore Md
Royal Fert Co Charleston S C
Stand Gu ChemMfg Co N 0Ia
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Port Roya Fert Co Port Royal S C
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
RaUin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Wilcox GibbsGuanoCoSavannahGa
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston S C

s
2
M
2i
H
O

o
w
II
Q
Cj
f
H
a
w
f
o
H
o
w
0 E C 120 111 2711 2742 1200 1271 1
Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos 1
Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos C 111 2743 1271 1
Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos C 111 2714 1337 1
Williams Cos Stsmdaid Bone Superphos D 119 2800 1238 2
C 116 2742 1270 1
c 111 2743 1271 1
Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone c 110 2744 1337 1
I lll 2800 1258 2
p 0 126 109 2770 2648 996 1390 3
Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos 1
Westons Ammonialed Dissolved Bone c lilll 2848 1890 1
27 763 2 12 1004 205 140 10 OS 1 8 2 1 Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
78 707 147 854 205 288 16 26 1 8 2 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
82 13 102 845 200 268 10 31 1 s 2 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
70 cos 187 855 201 231 li 12 1 8 2 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
05 7so 42 S22 200 323 16 56 1 8 2 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
78 707 147 854 205 238 16 26 1 8 2 2 Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
82 053 192 845 200 263 16 31 1 8 2 2 Georgie Fertilizer Co Port Rojal S C
70 668 1S7 855 201 231 16 12 1 8 2 2 GeDrgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
05 780 42 S22 200 323 li 66 1 8 2 2 Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
17 003 407 1010 201 104 16 31 1 8 2 1 Walton Guano Co Social Sircle Ga
SI 692 140 838 216 312 16 95 1 8 2 2 Coner Hull Co Savannah Ga
sl 692 146 S38 216 32 10 05 1 8 2 2 Georgia Fertilizer Co Pert Royal S

f1
cc
O
Q
O
so
Q

Nl
H
W
H
N
W
SiTABLE No II
m
Cotton Seed Meals Analyzed Under Provisions of Calvin Bill Approved July 22 1891
NAME OF BRAND
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton feed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
6
a
50
S3
E
a
Guaranteed
Analysis
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
A KB
A 108
A 107
B 111
A 108
A 110
A 111
A 111
A 115
D 103
A 117
D 112
A 118
A 119
E 103
E 102
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B 5
B 6
B 18
B 19
B 20
B 21
B 22
O i
C 9
843 20 24 7ill
891 2J 39 750
881 21 15 750
871 20 ill 750
876 21 03 750
871 20 91 750
805 21 48 750
847 20 33 750
878 21 03 750
847 33 750
876 21 03 751
867 JO 81 750
814 21 26 750
880 21 12 7Ml
820 19 68 751
890 21 51 750
Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove Ga
Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove la
Rome Oil Mills Rome Ga
Muscogee Oil Co Columbus Ga
Elberton Oil Mill Elberton Ga
Milledgeville Oil Mill Milledgeville Ga
Southern Cotton Oil Mill Atlanta Ga
Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga
Excelsior Manufacturing Co Washington Ga
Albany Oil and Refining Co Albany la
Jackson Oil Mill Jackson Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Atlanta Oil Mill Kirkwood Ga
Macon Oil and Fertilizer Co Macon
LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ga
Middle Georgia Manufacturing Co HogansviUe Ga
w

H
w
H
O
K

O
W
ii
q
d
H
d
w
f
o
w
o
w
oCotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Sea Island Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
5 Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
E 104
A 120
A 121
A 123
A 122
D 105
A 120
E 579 118
P 120
C 117
F M 139 135
F 202
F 190
F 187
C 10
C 11
C 12
C 13
C 15
C 20
C 25
B 2
2068
2175
2619
2725
2919
2836
2781
2783
898
876
868
870
876
798
874
814
820
816
640
860
750
840
759
771
21 50
21 03
20 84
20 88
21 03
19 16
20 98
21 94
19 68
19 58
IB 58
20 61
18 00
20 16
18 22
18 51
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
550
750
750
750
750
750
McBride Co Newnan Ga
Farmers Cooperative Manufacturing Co Griffin Ga
Augusta Oil Mill Augusta Ga
Geogia Farmers Oil and Fertilizer Co Madison Ga
Augusta Oil Mill Augusta Ga
Dawson Oil Mill Dawsw Ga
Cooperative Manufacturing Co Forsvth Ga
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
West Point Oil Mil West Point Ga
Farmers and Merchants Oil and Guano Co Fort Gaines Ga
The A P Brantlcy Co Blacksliear Ga
Athens Oil and Fort Co Alhens Ga
W T Morton James Station Ga
Cotton Oil and Mfg Co Locust Grove Ga
Twiggs Oil and Fert Co Jeffcrsonville Ga
C T Lathrop Hawkinsville Ga

tS
GO
O
O
O

IS
w
o
t1
s
ts
w
N
ts
w
mTABLE No III
rm
Superphosphates with Ammonia and Potash
NAME OF BRAND
Ashepoo Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot
B 108
Arcadia Dissolved Bone Amm and PotF 150
Baltimore Dissolved Bone
00 Central City Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot
Dissolved Bone Ammonia and Potash
Etowah Superphosphate
Farmers Favorite
Furmans Sol Bone Ammonia and Potash
Hore Bros Cotton Grower Dissolved Bone
J J Taylors Dis Bone Amm and Pot
Manatee Dissolved Bone Amm a d Pot
Monogram Cotton Special
Rainbow Soluble Phosphate
Roddenbury Special
Standard Bone Ammonia and Potash
D 20
F 160
II 128
F 113
J 114
F 101
F 150
j in
F 150
199
B li
J 114
J 114
Phosphoric Ac






cC
o Ti
i O
00 3 O 3 S
s a o 02 p2
2862
2737
2846
2717
2752
2718
1336 183
I
918 270
1111
09
918 227
I
1370 233
1007 182
113
2868 1542
2663 802
2737 918
2800 1542
277 1118
2868 1040
2807 1213
28011 1542
46
270
113
270
205
102
113
113
802
810
002
810
814
737
082
507
810
02
810
558
3 It
307
1126
1117
00 1001
307 1117 107
220

o
PI
M

a a
S
3
Pm

132
10
100
208
411
311
307
111
307
328
887 227
6821 111
6821 111
10341 101
1035 183
1093
008
1117
L093
111
880
1114
1093
1093
110
126
107
110
107
115
101
110
110
164
110
151
110
170
101
120
218
110
120
110
183
121
120
120
Guaranteed
Analysis


a 75

jn Sn
0 B
o
oja
m o O

10 0
14 99
14 22 1
14 99 2
II 85 I
14 91
14 05
14 01
It 99
11 95
II on
13 02
11 93
14 91
It o
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
1 Southern Phos Works Macon Qa
1 Boykin Carnter Co Baltimore Md
1 Southern Phosphate WorksMaconGa
IX Georgia Chemical Wi rks August i Qa
1 Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
1 jsavannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Furiuan Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
1 Southern Phos Works Macon Ga
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Southern Phos Works Macon Ga
1 Lorentz Kittler Baltimore Md
1 Americus Guano Co Amerlcus Ga
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah la
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
W

W
H
w
2
H
O

Q
W
hH
O
C
H
d
H
I
O
w
o
w
QTABLE No IV
Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates with Potash
NAME OF BRAND
Ashcpoo Acid Phosphate and Potash
Ashepoo Bone Ash
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Ac d Phosphate and Potash
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Ameiicus Dissolved Bone a id Potash
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Bowkcrs Dissolved Bone and Potash
Brighams Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Charleston AcidPhosphate
Double Anchor Acid Phosphate
Dissolved Bone and Potash
Eagle Acid Phosphate
agle Acid Phosphate
A 128
A 128
F 157
F 131
H 126
H 115
E 114
D 117
E 111
H 130
H 126
E 107
F 103
D 117
H 106
H 126
C 37
C 37
2804
2729
2731
2732
2666
267 I
2666
2753
2731
40
2607
2679
2860
2731
943
943
1271
1290
1263
1015
1238
1066
1238
1283
1263
U30
1194
1066
1745
1263
159
88
127
127
317
137
457
137
114
127
232
269
457
55
127
940
831
902
953
847
771
2 10
771
1032
953
839
807
210
1104
953
498 1138
498 1438
209 1043
314 1216
270 122 i
355 1202
383 1154
794 4001
383 1154
296 4328
270 1223
239 1078
327 1131
794 1001
258 1302
270 1223
1611
169
100
15 46
15 46
11 75
168 13 68
170
114
496
454
196
124
170
190
161
154
155
170
13 71
13 13
13 40
11 84
13 40
44 22
43 75
12 75
12 99
11 84
14 74
13 75
BY WHOM AND WI4KRE MANU
FACTURED
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Atlantic Phosphate Co Chariest on SC
Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Athens Oil Fert Co Athens Ga
Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Americus Guano Co Americu Ga
Z W Carwile Jr Augusta Ga
Z W Carwile Jr Augusta Ga
w
o
Q
O
W
a

W
w
iFl
TABLE No IVContinued
NAME OF BRAND
Eutaw Acid Phosphate apd Potash
Edlsto Acid Phosphate
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Farsh Furman Formula
o Imperial Acid Phosphate
Lockwood Acid Phosphate
Nassau Dissolved Bone and Potash
Potash Acid Phosphate
Stono Acd Phosphate
Sterling Acid Phosphate
Victor Acid Phosphate
A 128
E 12
E 130
F ill
F in
F 103
II 130
1 145
E 107
F In
F in
2717
7211
2699
2687
266
27
27 in
40
2117
2667
g
9 13
13SI
1103
11117
1194
1194
1283
1401
1430
1194
1194
Plioapkoric Arid
CO
ty ID
Guaranteed
Analysis
OT3
SI
159
138
127
385
2 ill
269
114
102
232
2W
269

PS

So
PS
O
2
1
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
940
718
865
77
807
80
In
806
838
807
807
198 1438
I
298 1113
I
237 1092
I
432 I2117
327
32
296

2
3
327
1134
1131
1328
1190
1078
1131
1134
17915 l
112 11 SI
156 12 59
11 88
327
161
111
187
190
llll
104
12 9
12 lit
11 2
111 62
12 7
12 99
12 99 2
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Edlsto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Edislo Phosphate Cj Charleston S C
Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Clarence Apgier Atlanta Ga
Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Lorentz Rittler Baltimoie Md
Stono Phos Works Charleston S C
Clarence Anger Atlanta Ga
1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
O
W
m
w
H
g
W
A
iJ
o
Q
W
1i
o
cj
F
H
CJ
W
W
I
o
w
o
w
ONAME OF BRAND
Acid Phosphate
Aid Phosphate
Acid Phosphat
Ashley Dissolved Bone
Acid Phosphate
Atlanta Sol Bone
Ameriffus Dis Bone
Atlantic Dis Bone
Ashepoo Dis Bone
Ashepoo Acid Phos
Cotton Boll Acid Phosphate
Chicora Dis Bone
Chatham Acid Phosphate
Chatham Acid Phosphate
Chicora Acid Phosphate
Coweta High Grade Acid
TABLE No V
Plain Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates
I7
F 147
A 124
E 115
D 137
E 117
1 117
E lid
E 106
E 106
C 113
H 161
F 116
C 121
H 161
E 142
2858 1334
2738 1149
Phosphoric Acid
o
C 14
2665
2688
2660
C 21
C 41
c v
c 1
2611
2848
2712
2782
2818
2733
1107
1276
131
1336
1238
1258
1219
1219
11 17
1576
1095
1452
1576
900
58
215
192
1
1H4
191
166
55
166
166
31
115
453
312
115
174
1099
927
1029
1004
1258
774
921
1038
910
910
1110
1283
707
888
1283
446
458
385
385
304
316
301
422
434
434
169
214
1545
1385
1411
1389
1562
1090
1225
1460
1344
1344
1279
1494
525 1232
452 1340
214 1497
587 1498
13
o CD
S
x
Guaranteed
Analysis

si
i
814 96
13 68
13 92
13 72
15 10
11 32
12 40
14 28
15 ii
13 36
12 81
14 58
12 46
13 32
14 58
14 56 2
BY WHOM AND WHERE M
UFAC1URED
Wilcox Glbbs Guano Co Savanh
Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa
Ga Farm Oil Fert Co MadisonGa
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Albany Fert F I Co Albany Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Chicora Fert Co Charleston S C
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Qa
Chicora Fert Co Charleston S C
Coweta Fert Co Newnan Ga
P3
G
Pi
J2m
TABLE No VContinued
NAME OF BRAND
Central City Acid Phosphate
Diss Bone
Double Anchor Diss Bone
Diamond Soluble Bone
g Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate
Diss Bone
Dalton High Grade Acid Plios
Durham Acid Phosphate
E ells Diss Bone
Eutaw Acid Phosphate
Excelsior Acid Phosphate
Kdisto Diss Bone
Eutaw Acid Phosphate
Elwan Diss Bone
Enoree Acid Phosphate
English Diss Bone Acid Phosphate
F 117
F 101
E 1C5
D 124
C 110
F 231
F
H 157
F 163
A 111
A 118
lor
E 106
F I Is
10 UN
Phosphoric Acid
j
z
273s
2684
hi
2171
12
2859
2856
2S6I
2786
A
B 8
B 1
C 17
1316
1149
1528
870
1130
153
L4es
1 I i
1096
1275
1080
l2i
1318
1210
12Ill
C 17 12 19
215
73
207
171
17
50
234
178
253
281
358
07
100
270
100
027
957
872
1040
1107
1108
1021
1091
1075
807
828
908
010
1030
010
45S
222
340
320
387
361
104
325
168
318
102
470
134
28
434
4
C IOOIB 121 1532 177111071 387
1385
1179
13 12
1301
1404
1520
J425
1116
1243
1215
1230
1378
1344
1310
1344J
144

u
uaranteed
Analysis



S3 n 5
ae pg
g
gft t
Cm
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
13 08
12 II
13 10
13 53
14 56
14 84
14 00
13 93
12 55
12 32
12 44
13 03
13 36
13 16
13 31
11 56
Southern Phospb ite Works MaconGa
Furmans FarmA ImpCoAtlantaGa
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Walton Whann Co Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Rome Chemical Co Rome Ga
Dalton Gn ino Mfg Co Dalton Ga
Durham Fert Co Durham N C
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phosphate CoCharlestonSC
ExceloiorMig CoLsed WashingtonGa
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Etiwan Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Ashep o Phosphate CoCharlestonSC
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
hi
t
5d
H

H
o

o
w
Q
H
d
w
S
I
o
Pd
o
w
oFurmans Acid Phosphate
Forest City Aci i Phosphate
Georgia Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Standard D B Phosphate
Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
High Grade Acid Phosphate
High Grade Acid
Imperial Dissolved Bone
Kennesaw Acid Phosphate
Littles High Grade Acid Phosphate
Leader Acid Phosphate
Leggs High Grade Acid Phosphate
Marietta High Grade Acid Phosphate
to
Monroe Acid
Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate
Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Obers South Carolina Dissolved Bone
Ouj Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Our Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Port Royal Acid Phosphate
Port K yal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Piedmont Acid Phosphate
F 100 1204 1528 73 957 2 22 1170 12 04 2 10
C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 12 79 12 84 1 12
C 113 2041 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 84 2 12
C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 84 2 12
C 113 2041 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 SI 2 12
D 208 2SY2 1428 120 1260 181 1141 14 13 2 13
F 11 2697 1214 73 1300 303 16 09 li 18 1 13
E 105 C 16 870 267 972 340 1312 13 in 2 12
E 159 2854 1177 307 1007 324 1331 13 25 2 12
F 109 2697 1214 73 1306 303 1609 15 48 1 13
A 129 C 38 1501 51 920 248 1108 11 15 2 10
F 109 2697 1214 73 1303 303 1609 15 48 1 13
A 100 2534 1705 1204 61 L265 12 72 2 10
F 10B 2695 1220 298 1012 289 1301 13 01 1 in
C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 84 2 12
C 113 2041 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 81 2 12
J 150 2850 585 111 1190 291 1481 14 45 2 12
C 121 2782 1452 312 888 452 1310 1332 2 12
F 110 2712 1095 453 707 525 1232 1246 2 12
F 206 2852 1235 313 985 284 1269 12 76 2 12
F 116 2712 1095 453 707 525 1232 12 46 2 12
C 121 2782 14 52 312 888 152 1340 13 32 2 12
C 113 2641 1617 81 1110 109 1279 12 84 2 12
C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 109 1279 12 84 2 12
A 100 2534 1705 1204 61 1265 12 72 2 10
Furman Farm Imp Co A D Adair
McCarty Bros Agts Atlanta Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Read Fertilizer Co New York
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC
Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Geo VV Sott C Atlanta Ga
Read Fertilizer Co New York
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
MariettaGuano Co Atlanta Ga
Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Bradley Fert CoBoston Mass
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga

t1
W
x
O
o
o
g
g
w
w
Q
w
H
N
a
x
VTABLE No VContinued
W
NAME OF BKAND
a J3 Phospho

O
a 3 i
3 y OJ
ft i g9
U v

a o
a M 5 3 S
eg o 3
QQ o a O
X
Guaranteed
Analysis
2 c a
212
a tvi o
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
e
K

w
w
a
H
o
t
s
o
g
It
o
w
r

w
o
Sd

Rawls Webb Aeid Phosphalo
Rome Acid Phospha e
Royal Dissolved Bone
Si chips Acid Phosphate
o
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
f
Soluble Bone
Sea Bird Acid Phosphate
Samson Dissolved Bone
Samson Dissolved Bone
Bibleys Acid Phosphate
WandoAcld Phosphate
Walton Acid Phosphate
X X Acid Phosphate
I 136
F 281
D 121
E 126
E 117
B mi
E 15
D 147
1 142
113
E 108
583
D Ivil
2677
2859
1068
14 id
2676 13 ill
2707 1028
2660
2857
2854
278
2796
2641
i 2
li 7
21174
1331
1460
1177
1337
116
16 I
10 5
6 12
1130
138
55
69
73
196
ml
1078
1168
1057
1286
771
1211
307 1007
I
143 1117
I
I
185
251
174
985
925
10 til
393
301
335
2 SI I
316
285
324
283
292
169
388
133
320
1471
1529
139
1566
1090
1529
1331
1400
1432
1271
1373
1358
1365
SI I 37
11 St
13 71
15 13 1
11 32
I I si
1325
13 80
II 06
12 si
13 59
L3 17
13 53
C L Montague do Savannah Ga
Rome Chemical Co Rome la
Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston s c
Standard Guano and Chemical Mfg
1 Co New Orleans La
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Ga
Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Wight Weslosky v Brown Albany II
Wight Weslosky V Brown Albany Ga
Sibley Nixon Augusta Ga
I
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston S C
I
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Walton Whann Co WilminglonDelTABLE No VI
Potash Salts
c g 0 0 S to o o a u o s u o 2 CC CD 8 Phosphoric Acid s o S s o q5 11 a Guaranteed Analysis
O n a CD o CO
NAMti OF BHAND oa si 5 73 03 S3 O 5 o o a 3 3 1 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
Kainit A 108 C lid H 167 H MIS H 109 J 15 J 152 F 168 A 101 J 151 C 130 A 5 2835 2838 2710 1 13 14 12 90 12 02 11 92 13 38 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Ashepoo Phoa Co Ciarle ton S C
i 1287 1164 Commercial Guano Co Savannah Qa
Read Fertilizer Co New York Comer Hull Co Savannah Qa Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
12 65 12 7
2785 A 2 13 29 13 60 3 75 43 6 13 si J B Seott Cordele Ga Napier Worsham Co Macon Ga
550 10 113 6136 J A Bale Rome Ga
J B Seott Cordele Ga

w
H
o

o
o
w
gd
o
H

wTABLE No VII
Analyses Made Under the Provisions of the Ellington Bill Approved Decemher 27 1890
a 3 Phosphoric Acid

2 K O
NAME OF NAME OF ADDRESS OF 5 t OS D Sh o M 01 CD O REMARKS
COUNTY ORDINARY ORDINARY 14 eg w 3 S0 JD 0 3 O GQ C 6 3 o CO 3 c o a a
Warren County Hon R W Hubert Warrenton Ga No 1 2546 1200 971 865 1326 111
Screren Counly Hon M M Porter No 2590 1096 61 93 990 10S3 250 24K Nothing od package to Indicate where it was from
It was received by mail addressed Hun Sttlte
Chenvst State of Ga Atlanta Ga preceding a
letter with a similar address Irom Hon M M 1ot
ter Screven Co Sylvania a
Kurke County Hon E L Brinsoa Waynesbjro Ga No 1 259 522 2 97 109j 1190 275 198 Received by mail in two paper packages in a paste
Burke County Hon E L Brinson Wayneboro la No 1 2592 978 252 795 203 99S 215 1 board box not sealed in any way
o
H

O
o
w
o
d
H
d
w
f
Q
W
o
w
oTABLE No VIII
NAME OF BRAND
Lees Prep Agricultural Lime
Land Plaster
S Pennimans Patent Composter
Ochilla Guano
Miscellaneous
w
H 137
A 136
H 179
O 120
Phosphoric Acid
2823
2841
2844
272S

Guaranteed
Analysis
OT3

S o

So
3 0
5a
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
201
Lin
Mi 08
3321
2972
Totl
2048
A S Lee Richmond Va
B R legg Bro Marietta Ga
Stubbs Tison Savannah Ga
Wilcox Gibbs n CoSavannah Ga
Lime in
the form of Carbonate with some Sulphate fSulphate of Lime with some Carbonate tLime in the form of Carbonate phosphoric Acid
r
O
f
Q
O
3
o

W2SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 2
FOURTH SERIES
Questions fer June Grep Report 1592
Returnable June 1st 1892
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga May 19 1892
Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly
so as to reach this office by the first day of June
AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with
which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at
any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an
average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below
these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10
per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari
sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which
you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not
SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county
use the character A If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi
mate estimate leave the space blank
Thanking you for previous reports I am
Very respectfully
R T NESBITT
Commissioner of Agriculture
1 CORNCondition compared with an averageper ct
2 OATS Yield or prospective yield if not harvested compared with
an averageper ct
To what extent injured by rust per ct2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
4 WHEATYield or prospective yield compared with an average per ct
5 To what extent injured by rust per ct
6 COTTON Stand June 1 compared with a perfect standper ct
7 Condition compared with an averageper ct
8 SUGAR CANEStand compared with a perfect standper ct
9 Condition compared with an averageper ct
10 POTATOES IrishYield or prospective yield compared with
an averageper ct
11 POTATOES SweetAcreage compared with an averageper ct
12 RICECondition compared with an averageper ct
13 PEANUTSAcreage compared with an averageper ct
14 MELONSAcreage compared with last yearper ct
Lg Condition compared with an averageper ct
18 PEACHESPercentage of a full cropper ct
17 APPLESPercentage of a full cropper ct
18 PEARSPercentage of a full crop per ct
19 GRAPES Percentage of a full cropper ct
20 TOBACCOAcreageper ct
2i What condition per ct
22 What amount transplanted per ct
23 CLOVER AND GRASSESProspective yield compared with an
averageper ctQUESTIONS FOR JUNE CROP REPORT
Please write very plainly
REMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES
County
Sign name here
County Ilst offieCircular No 2
Fourth Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1892
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JUNE 1 1892
jia Department of Agriculti
Atlanta Ga June 10 189
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
GENERAL REMARKS
Thegrowth of all the crops has been greatly retarded for the want
of a general rain In Southern Georgia in many localities the
drought lasted from four to six weeks
CORN
The condition of this crop is better than at the same time last
year while the effect of the drought has been to make the crop
backward the plant as a rule is in a healthy condition and with
good seasons will grow off rapidly
COTTON
The reduction in the acreage devoted to this crop has been
emphasized by correspondents In the State the stand compared
with an average is 88 and the condition 88
OATS
More than any other this crop has felt the effect of thedry
weather and in many places spring sowed is reported as being
almost a total failure
WHEAT
The yield of wheat will be the largest for many years In
addition to an increased acreage the season has been propitious
and but little injury has been done by the rust
RICE
We note an increase of 4 per cent in the acreage devoted to this
crop The condition is about an average
MELQNS
The more Southern counties that grow melons for shipment report
an increased acreage while those further north report a large
reduction In the State the acreage is 11 per sent less than that
of last year
ERU1T
The forecast of a large yield of peaches made in ur last report
is verified by this and the yield will be much larger than for a
number of years The grape prospect is good but that of apples
and pears not so favorable2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TOBACCO
The drought prevented the transplanting of a large number of
experimental acres in this crop but notwithstanding this the area
planted is much larger than heretofore
The following table shows the condition of the principal crops
compared with an average with prospective yield of grain compared
with average
a
a
S 3 j
J 7S

O 2 3
go
o o
O Q o o
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
Southeast Georgia
Easl ieorgia
State
96
m
911
96 i
96J
94A
92 90 99J
88 m 95J
86 84 68
871 91 84
854 90 85
88 J 82J
NOTES FROM CORESPONDENTS
100
94
95
96J
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksThe wheat crop where land has been properly prepared
is the finest for twentylive years Clover and grasses are exception
ally fine Cotton injured by cold weather
BarlowHail in this section did considerable damage on the
22d of May compelling some farmers to replant in places Some
bottomland for corn still implanted Season for getting perfect
stand was very favorable and stand good until injured by hail
CatoosaAcreage in tobacco very small too much rain no
summer yet crops backward
Ohattooga The cool weather has had a damaging effect on grow
ing crops particularly cotton and corn Some preparation for
tobacco but little transplanted For a few weeks during the season
the weather was warm and favorable to the germination of cotton
consequently the young plants had a vigorous and healthy appear
ance and were free from the depredating insects which usually
appear This condition was reduced by the cold weather which
followed
CherokeeWheat looking well some rust Stand of corn and
cotton good The cool weather however has made crops some
what backward Farmers are well up with their work
OobbIn some sections of the county damaged by frost on the
lowlands corn damaged by bud worms oats suffering for rain
DadeAcreage in wheat corn and grasses much larger than for
last few years Farmers in this section show a very strong dispo
sition to raise more wheat and the grasses Less cotton planted
110SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1892
than for years Frost on the 24th and 25th checked the growth
of plants but did no material damage Hail storm in Southern
portion of the county on the 22d did considerable damage to
gardens and small plants
DawsonCold weather has greatly retarded crops in some sec
tions of the county Frost on the 24th killed corn beans peas
etc The injury clone by the cold weather would be greatly allayed
by rain and warm weather Fall oats poor stand spring good
FloydThere is a good stand of corn but two weeks late Cold
weather almost amounting to frost has caused bud worms to
destroy a good deal of it The stand of oats is good but short and
will be troublesome to cut Wheat bids fair to turn out well is
free from rust and otherwise promising Cotton is a perfect stand
and until the recent cold snap looked better than ever before at
this time of the year The season has been fine for Irish potatoes
Peaches are shedding badly also apples and pears Cool damp
weather has been the making of clover and grass Stock in good
condition
ForsythCold weather has injured the cotton prospect Hail on
the 22d and frost on the 24th Corn injured by bud worms to
some extent The farmers of this section having decided to raise
their supplies at home or as much as possible are going in debt less
than usual
FranklinCrops are late on account of the cool weather Frost
on the 24th and 25th injured tender vegetation Corn was dam
aged by the bud worms during the cool weather Wheat is better
than it has been for years Oats are looking fine The farmers are
working to make home selfsustaining Several farmers in the
county have from five to ten acres in tobacco it is in a small meas
ure taking the place of cotton
GordonWheat looks better than for years some rust but the
prospect for a full crop is good Cotton late corn good
GivinnettGood stand of corn and cotton in a greater part of the
county In some localities the cold weather has caused cotton to
die The crops have been worked over the first time but on account
of cold dry weather are not growing off rapidly Bees for some
cause are not storing honey as heretofore
HabershamNo rust on grain cold weather has retarded the
growth of plants tobacco being transplanted
HullCotton and corn ten days late on account of the cold
weather but with favorable wreather no serious damage will be done
Some localities have had plenty of rain in others oats and Irish
potatoes are suffering for the need of it Farmers are paying more
attention to horticulture and with better results than ever before
HaralsonBut little rust on wheat or oats Cotton was looking
well until the recent cold weather and with good seasons no great
injury has been clone Corn crop planted late on bottom lands
HartMost too dry for oats Inconsequence of the late spring
and cold weather all crops are backward On May 24th there
was a light frost in low places
Ill4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
MadisonThe corn crop is larger in this county than has been for
years Very good stand and looking well Cotton is not so good
the weed is very small and great many farmers complaining oi
stand Cool nights and dry winds make the weed look sick
Wheat crop is very good throughout the county Oats needing
rain r fall sowing good spring sowing not so good
MurrayFarmers in this section are generally up with their
work Working over corn the second time and chopping out cotton
The acreage in cotton has fallen off fifty per cent Season favorable
Paulding Crops a little late Cotton looking very bad A large
portion of the county visited by hail on the 22d of May followed
by cold weather with some frost The area in wheat small but
the prospect good The farmers are working harder and buying
less on credit than any time in twenty years
IirkensWe have had four seasons for crops in coming up espe
cially cotton A little too much rain for wheat and some cold
nights for cotton On the morning of May 24th the thermometer
registered 40 with frost on lowland but little damage clone Fruit
of all kind holding on splendidly Local hailstorms have done
some damage to all kinds of tender vegetation
Polk w
nsThe season is very late cold although April and May
We had frost as late as the 23d of May but no damage done The
farmers are well up with their work and taking more interest in
farming and stock raising than heretofore Stock of all kinds look
well
UnionWe had frost on the 23d of May but njo damage done
WalkerCorn generally a good stand but smallfand yellow from
the effects of cold nights Cotton a good stand but looks badly
Timothy and red top look well Clover very poor will not make
half crop Peaches plentiful apples and pears half crop
WhiteOn May the 24th frost killing some vegetation and injur
ing all growing crops Quite a per cent of the fruithas already
fallen and if the cold weather continues much longer a great deal
more will fall
WhitfieldCold dry windy weather damaging all crops except
wheat
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Baldwm Corn is small but looks well and in fine condition
Cotton just up The wheat and oat crop is better than for several
years past The droughts in Aprilhave greatly retarded all crops
In some localities not enough rain falling to bring seed up Fruit
crop abundant
BMVerj little rain in two months injuring the oat crop
Cold has retarded the growth of all vegetation Potatoes have been
transplanted and a good crop is expected plants looking well
CampbellOur people are becoming aware of the fact that rais
ing so much cotton is suicidal and are diversifying their crops
Labor has been more plentiful than for five years Ctiuse less
112SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1892
cotton and more grain The cold dry weather has made the crops
very backward in many places not enough rain to bring cotton
up Corn has been damaged by the bud worm on the bottom land
Wheat is better than for many years Oats not so good on account
of drought
CarrollMay has been very dry in all the county except the
western portion greatly damaging oats Wheat good and no rust
Corn small Fruit crop promises an abundant yield Gardens and
potato patches dried up
ClaytonContinued dry weather has injured crops very much
Cotton coming up slowly affected by the cold weather and hail
stand very imperfect Work well advanced considering the condi
tion which was left baked and hard in many places by the early
rains
Columbia Oats injured by drought spring oats almost a total
failure Crops generally very irregular caused by bad stand at the
start Corn is smaller than usual growing well at this time Cot
ton is free from grass but looking badly from recent cool weather
causing lice and cutworms
Coweta The dry weather continues with little prospect of ram
each day giving evidence of the necessity of early planting of corn
cotton and gardens and of thorough preparation and thorough cul
tivation Corn is very small owing to drought and cool weather
and for some cause cotton is small but clean Farmers have had
but little use for extra labor Wheat and oats very good compared
to the last five years
DouglasCool nights have made the crops backward Some
frost enough to see the effect on cotton and potatoes Corn injured
by bud worms oats very short on account of dry weather
ElberLThis county has been very dry have not had a good rain
since the 6th of April Partial showers in different parts of the
county always followed by high winds that would dry the moisture
out of the ground immediately Corn small and irregular in size
some lands hard to get a stand being killed by bud worms field
well cultivated and free from grass Outcome hopeful with good
rains in near future Cotton stand with the exception of red lands
and late planting very good The cultivation of fields excellent
but the weed small Oats suffered for rain and the yield will be
small Fall oats really injured and spring oats nearly ruined
Wheat is low and irregular but is filling well
FayetteOwing to the cold and dry spell of weather corn is small
for the time of the year but seems to be in a healthy condition and
has much improved since the recent rains the late rains have also
improved the stand of cotton Farm stock in fair condition and
the farmers hopeful
QreeneThe spring has been so cold and dry that all crops are
backward cotton stand poor and dying from the effect of the cool
nights Corn stand good but very small bud worms bad a good
season would stop them The acreage in cotton is at least one
1136
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
third off The acreage in corn has been increased about onefourth
ball oats have been cut off one half by the drought Spring
oats are an entire failure
HancockThe low per cent of crop condition reported is due to the
very dry weather Cotton in many places not yet up in the south
western portion of the county the crops have secured the benefit
of partial showers and in the northwestern part it has been entirely
dry We have had only two nights in three weeks warm enough
for cotton corn also needs warm weather Farmers are well up
with their work r
Harris The growth of all vegetation has been very much re
tarded by theprotracted drought Pastures are becoming poor and
cattle not doing so well Corn is small but has a good color Stand
ol cotton poorer than we have had for years Have just had a good
rain which will cause a great improvement in all crops Wheat is
very good and free from rust some sav the best we have had in ten
years Fall oats very good in some parts of the county but gener
ally the crop has been injured by the drought Spring oats very
poor n J
HeardSix weeks of dry weather has been fatal to upland oats
the same cause makes a stand of cotton late Irish potatoes also
oft on account of dry weather Many apple trees that were full
fast year did not bloom this year wheat good but area small
Farmers well up with their work
HenryNo rain in six weeks except light showers corn small
but good stand oats very poor
JasperCorn small but in good condition growth checked by
dry weather when first up More wheat sown than usual yield
per acre better than for ten years heads full and grains plenty
More attention is being paid to grasses and forage crops
JonesThis section is dry having had only a few light showers
since the 2Uth of March the corn and cotton is consequently small
it is however free from grass and weeds Cool weather has also re
tarded growth Oat stubble will be very largely planted in peas
as a forage and renovating crop
LincolnThe season has been too cool and dry for crops to grow
We had a considerable frost on the 24th which makes young cot
ton look sickly Oats heading very slowly Early corn was injured
by bud worms Wheat good but small acreage sown
McDuffieSpring oats a failure on account of drought fall sown
above an average crop temperature below normal and cut worms
fcaye injured the stand on gray lands poor stand on all red land
MertwetherOats are very much injured by dry weather wheat
is good I he dry weather has retarded the growth of all vegetation
As to cultivation crops are in fine condition
MonroeEms have been partial hits were cut off by drouth
borne localities still suffering for rain ground dry and in clods
hard to work T
114SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1892 7
MorganThe severe drought has affected every crop much of the
cotton is not up and cannot come up until we have rain
NewtonBoth cotton and corn are set back at least fifteen days
by the late cool weather Cotton seems to have grown but little if
any in ten days Corn perhaps partially from drought is quite
small and of poor color Have not had one half inch of rain fall
in this section in six weeks
OglethorpeGood rains in some sections very dry in others
The cold weather has retarded the growth of vegetation cotton and
corn both small Corn looks healthy and well in some localities
but unhealthy in others Cut worms very destructive in some
places Wheat is ripening and will soon be ready to cut small
grain needing rain spring oats heading very low
PikeThe month of May has been dry and cool spring oats
considerably cut off fall oats and wheat are free from rust but not
all on account of dry weather heads are full corn small but in
good condition The Irish potato crop generally damaged by dry
weather Farmers generally up with their work
RochdaleThe oat prospect has fallen off considerably on account
of dry weather cool nights retarded the growth of cotton Corn
small but healthy some complaint of bud worms
SpaldingOwing to drought and cool weather our corn is far
beyond the average in size cotton rather small but healthy
ground in good condition and well worked and when rain comes
plants will grow rapidly
Taliaferro
TalbotWe have had a continued drought in this section for
nearly eight weeks some partial light showers only Cotton and
corn behind one month poorest stand since 1845 Spring oats
almost a total failure fall about half a crop Peach trees that are
healthy have a full crop but yellows have killed many this spring
Too dry for gardens and forage crops
TroupWe have had an unusual temperature during the month
particularly at night During April and May there was but little
rain on account of this have a very poor stand of cotton and corn
very backward Oats except fall oats nearly a complete failure
UpsonCotton looks very bad on account of cold and dry weather
corn late but looks very well wheat is good with but little rust
peach prospect extra good apple moderate
WaltonCorn small bud worms very destructive on bottom lands
Cool nights and windy weather have retarded the growth of cotton
oats injured by the drought Fall oats about half a crop spring
oats almost a complete failure Wheat has rust on blades but with
favorable weather not sufficient to damage crops
WarrenAverage of cottoji has fallen off ten per cent Corn is
small but healthy and in good condition Spring oats are a failure
on account of dry weather fall oats fair Harvesting oats and
wheat wheat fine crops clean and farmers well up with their
work
115 S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
WilkesCorn small bud worms caused much replanting Cot
ton ten days late stand on gray land good on red land poor
Oats almost ruined by dry weather Lice have proven destructive to
poultry this spring young chickens and turkeys died by hundreds
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerVery little rain has fallen in this county since the 2th
day of March Oats not half a crop cotton imperfect stand and
very irregular in size There will be about one hundred acres in
Cuban tobacco most of it set out and growing finely
Bt rrienWeatherfor experiment in tobacco unfavorable Where
a stand has been secured it is doing well About 200 acres planted
in this section
BrookCorn suffering for rain Oats many too low to cut We
are having a serious drought
CalheunNo rain in this section for over two months except on
May 9th which was not enough to allow farmers to break land
Want of rain retarded the growth of all vegetation and delayed
getting a good stand of cotton We have one market gardener in
this county he is now selling fine cabbage onions beets squashes
and cucumbers in Albany Atlanta and Dawson Labor plentiful
ChattahoocheeHave had very little rain since the latter part of
March and crops are small and backward Cotton infested with
lice
Owing to want of rain cotton except early is rather small
A good rain would greatly increase the crop prospect
ColquittWe are in the midst of a serious drought which threat
ens to cut short the corn crop But little rain has fallen since the
crop was planted All other crops are suffering also but in not
such immediate danger
CrawfordCorn is small on account of dry cool weather also
bad stand and much complaint of cut and bud worms The drought
is now at an end and the prospect is better
DecaturThe cold dry weather has injured all crops in the
county Spring oats almost a complete failure Corn small and
budworm has broken the stand Cotton fifteen days late Six
thousand acres of tobacco will be grown in Decatur county this
year only five hundred acres last year
DoolyCotton the poorest prospect in twenty years A very poor
stand on account of the drought and cold weather Oats fallsown
medium those sown in the spring almost a failure Sugar cane
very late but good stand Peanuts all planted but none up vet
too dry
DoughertyIn some portions of the county there has not been
ram enough to bring up late plantingof cotton In fact there has
not been rain in some localities since the 25th of March and fully
fiftv per cent of the cotton did not come up until the 10th of May
EarlyDry dry dry Cotton poor stand and backward Corn
116SUPPLEMENTAL CHOP REPORT1892
small but looks well All crops well worked Sugar cane perfect
stand but needs rain Oat crop short from drought
HoustonDry April injured oats badly Cotton came up irreg
ularly at least fifty per cent came up after the rains on the 7th of
May The cool weather the latter part of that month caused it to
turn yellow Corn at least ten days late
IrwinWe are very dry Crops looking well considering the
drought
LeeThe cotton has suffered from lice in consequence of cool
weather The stand is good but is at least a month later than
usual Corn has suffered for rain but light showers towards the
latter part of May have brought it out some The soil for all crops
meeds good soaking rains as there is not enough moisture below
the surface much of the chemical fertilizer remaining as dry as
when it was at first put in the ground
LoivndesToo dry for tobacco seed beds a failure
MarionOnethird of the county has had no rain since March
very dry Potatoes not growing and many not transplanted yet
MillerOwing to continued drought some cotton not up Oats
very short No rain to put out tobacco plants and sweet potatoes
Crops that are up are well worked
MuscogeeThere has been such a small quantity of rain that
there is not a good stand of corn or cotton There is a disposition
on the part of the farmers here to raise home supplies
QuitmanCotton affected with lice on account of April drought
The stand is irregular and uneven Rain has made a wonderful
improvement in spring oats
RandolphWe have had a six weeks drought which seriously
damaged the oat crop The drought ended May 16th Fifty per
cent of the cotton has come up since that day All crops small
Corn in fine fix
StewartWe have had a six weeks drought which caused a fail
ure of spring oats Stand of cotton good but late coming up
Corn is small but looks well
SumterWe have had a good rain in nearly every part of the
county which will improve the condition of the crops after the
long drought Cotton covered with lice
Taylor Farmers well up with their work Labor doing splen
didly
TerrellWheat is better than it has been for years about all
harvested Oats very poor Cotton in most sections of our county
failed to come up on account of the drought what is up and chopped
out is full of lice Corn looks well but small Plenty of labor
WebsterThe late cool spell has given the crops a backset Far
mers are not very hopeful of making anything but a mere living
and are economizing more than ever
WilcoxFifty per cent of the cotton crop is three weeks late on
account of dry weather Corn small for the season but not mate
rially injured10
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
EAST GEORGIA
BurkeAll crops backward on account of drought More interest
in provision crops and stock this year than usual
JeffersonTobacco planted here for the first time Cool nights
of the past two weeks have retarded the growth of both cotton and
corn
Johnson Owing to the use of less guano cotton very small
about twenty per cent less acreage
LaurensThe area in cotton being reduced farmers are paving
more attention to the production of food crops for both man and
beast
MontgomeryCorn is rather small but color good and growing
very well lor the seasons Cotton is 15 days late
PulaskiCrop generally clean and well worked Some sections
have had good rains others only partial showers
RichmondCorn has good color but is remarkably small for the
time of year
ScrevenFew sweet potatoes have been set out on account of dry
weather Fruit of all kinds promises an abundant yield Farmers
will be up with their work and crops clean
TatnallGood prospect for fruit crop Crops generally in good
condition Farmers working hard and economizing
TelfairCrop condition has improved since last report Cotton
planted since that date is a perfect stand Corn rather small but
looking well
WashingtonThis is the first year that tobacco has been planted
here to any extent It looks well The patches are small but many
of them Crop generally well worked A large per cent of the
crop is late due to spring drought
WilkinsonFarm work well advanced Dry weather has caused
all crops to be small Corn looking well
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
CamdenOwing to a drought crops in some parts of the State
badly injured
CharltonCotton stand in this county very poor on account of
dry weather Corn looking well considering the drought
ChathamOat crop fine but to some extent injured by the dry
weather Rice not all planted Corn inferior on account of dry
weather
ClinchOat crop almost a failure in consequence of the drought
from which all crops have suffered
CoffeeCorn is the leading crop here this season Sugar cane a
perfect stand Fruit damaged by late frost
EffinghamCrops very backward on account of dry weather
Plants small but seemingly healthy
GlynnCrops looking very well Rain needed very much Grass
hoppers destroying small plants
118SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1892
11
LibertyStands irregular and broken Fields clear of grass and
well cultivated
MclntoshThe early spring weather was too cool for the rapid
growth of plants and the crops are all backward on this account
and that of the drought
PierceCrop very small and backward all over the county
caused by the drought
WareOats badly damaged by drought 25 per cent more area
in corn 30 less in cotton
MONTHLY TALK WITH THE FARMERS
1 have travelled recently over a large part of the State addressing
the farmers in the interest of intensive and progressive agriculture
and explaining the relations of this department to them and to
their work I was most favorably impressed with the promising
condition of the
CORN CROP
Where the proper fertilizer has been used and in sufficient
quantities and the work has been rapid and thorough the result is
most gratifying All through Southern Georgia the dark waving
fields of this grain give promise of an abundant yield
THE OAT CROP
Except on very fertile land or where on poorer land a liberal ap
plication of lot manure or suitable commercial fertilizers has been
used will not amount to more than half a crop This is due in
some measure to the long drouth Wherever the crop has been
sowed in the fall or early winter and the former is undoubtedly
the most favorable time for sowing arid where the land has been
well prepared the contrast is so marked that no thinking man
witnessing the vast difference would ever again take the risk of
sowing in the spring or on unmanured land Even with all the
dry weather which has prevailed to an alarming degree for eight
or nine weeks in the middle and Southern portions of the State
this crop when sowed in the fall and well manured will give most
satisfactory results while the spring sowing and that on un
manured land will actually scarcely pay for the plowing necessary
to put in the seed With this object lesson meeting us on every
side why should we continue the attempt to grow crops on land
that past experience has shown will scarcely pay for the work put
upon it Oats is the very best and cheapest crop we can grow In
hot weather there is no food for horses or mules that equals it and
with the same attention that we give to other food crops it can be
made as surely Had the seasons been favorable this year the yield
of oats on rich or fertilized lands would have been immense When
the oats are housed sow 100 pounds phosphate to the acre and then
sow
11912
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PEAS
With favorable seasons you can mow the peas and have thousands
of pounds of good wholesome forage and in addition have gained
a large supply of nitrogen stored in your land for future use also
a stubble which being turned under to decay renders more friable
soils which have in many cases been long and exhaustively culti
vated in cotton
A proper proportion of the light lands of South Georgia planted
in these crops would make enough to supply the demands of all the
towns in that section as well as the farmers themselves and this
plan would soon relieve much ofthe disappointment and suffering
which the one crop system entails Both oats and peas are easily
and cheaply made and merit our best attention The reduction of
the acreage in
COTTON
Amounts in some cases to 50 per cent but this large reduction
is however only noticeable in individual instances the general re
duction being only about half this figure The stand in many
localities is imperfect owing to the hard and dry condition of the
land Where stands were obtained early the plants are healthy and
growing well The long dry spell has given the farmers ample
time to work their crops thoroughly and it is an exceptional case
where this has not been done
THE CATTLE AND SHEEP INDUSTRY
Is not receiving the attention and care which its importance
merits Our people are losing interest because the ranges are not
so good as formerly As the country grows older and the popula
tion increases and the lands are cleared and cultivated we find that
it is necessary to make preparation for sheltering and feeding stock
during a part of each year The trouble and expense of keeping
the cattle together ami housing them during the cold months is
amply paid for in the improved condition of the stock and the
saving of large quantities of valuable manure Cotton seed hulls
are socheap that by feeding them with a very small quantity of
cotton seed meal cattle can be kept at a small cost and the manure
is rich in all the elements needed by our starved lands
THE FRUIT CROP
Will be abundant and in all those sections where care and in
telligent attention are given to the orchard and vineyard and
where the facilities for shipping are good there will soon be
abundant and remunerative work for every one These large sums
of money put into circulation at a season when we have little else
to sell and when the stringency of the money market is being
keenly felt will do much to give renewed impulse and vigor to
trade
The small grain crops will also soon be in and sour in North
Georgia the ripening heads admonish us that extra work and un
120SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1S92
13
remitting care are necessary to tide over this critical and important
period This next month will settle thefate of all present crop
and we should lose no opportunity of forwarding the work which
if neglected now can never be done
THE WHEAT CHOP
Is unusually fine and will help us to bridge over the season
when money is usually so hard to obtain Although this crop
sometimes fails the land is left in improved mechanical conditions
and this is another reason why we should give more attention to all
small grain crops We have many advantages of soil and climate
but to insure success in our work requires intelligent and persistent
energy a proper system of labor an abandonment of the one
cropsystem We should diversify our crops plant smaller areas
in cotton and make it bring more to the acre Let us profit by our
past misfortunes and disappointments and prepare our farmers to
meet these needed reforms Unless we abandon the policy of re
lying on one crop to meet every expense of the farm our case is a
hopeless one On the other hand diversity of crops holds out the
hope 6f prosperity and plenty R T Nesbitt
Commissioner of Agriculture
TOBACCO
As mentioned in the last report of the Department a larger
acreage in the State than ever has been planted in tobacco
In the October crop report of last year an article on its culture
and cure was published but as features necessary to its successful
growth present themselves at this season we again call attention
to them
It has been said by those familiar with the cultivation of tobacco
that any one who can raise good cabbage ought to know how to
cultivate tobacco as the cultivation is very similar
Cultivation should begin soon after planting and should be rapid
and thorough To delay in this not only endangers the yield but
lowers the quality of the tobaGCO When the land has been thor
oughly prepared three plowings followed with the hoe will be
sufficient When the soil is removed from around the plant by
scraping down it should be replaced otherwise should the
working be followed by a drought the life of the plants would be
endangered and their growth retarded
As soon as the plants have takan root the hoe should be used to
loosen the soil around themit being generally not necessary if the
ground has been well prepared to use the plough at this working
to loosen up the soil The use of the plough will not however be
amiss and weuld be essential should the soil be too stiff to loosen up
with the hoe
Clean culture is necessary to properly develop the plant and it is
immaterial with what implement it is done so long as the soil is
12114
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
well stirred and the plants kept free from grass and weeds On the
subject of the best implements to be used Major R L Ragland of
Hyco Va who is considered a standard authority on the cultiva
tion of tobacco says For the first ploughing no implement is
better than the wingcoulter the next best the cultivator or double
shovel with coulter points The second ploughing may be effect
ually lone with the turning plough or cultivator if grassy use the
first The last ploughing is most effectuallydone with three fur
rows with the single shovel a furrow on each side then splitting
the middle with the third and last furrow
It is very important that a good stand should be secured as early
as by the last of June after that time plants set out are very uncer
tain In cultivating the Yellow types it is essential that the crop
should bo cleared of grass and weeds before the last of July after
that tune the plough should not be used though until the leaves
commence to grow it may be cleaned with the hoe Ploughing after
tin last of July will delay the ripening of the plants and makes
early cultivation of the greatest importance When the plants develop
slowly and it becomes necessary to hasten ripening that frost may be
escaped any good fertilizer may be applied around the plants and
earth scraped upon the fertilizer around the top of the hills
WORMING
The ravages of the horn worm are very damaging to the crop and
when the worms appear in large numbers it is very difficult to pre
vent injury from being done On this subject Major Ragland sa ys
Many devices have been resorted to inorderto lessen the number
and mitigate the ravages of the horn worm but the lack of general
and continued efforts from year to year has brought only partial
relief Some years they come in great numbers and despite the
best efforts of the planter seriously damage his crop Perhaps the
next year they are few and give him no trouble It is the nature
of this insect to raise at least two broods during the year The
hawktooth or tobaccofly usually makes his appearance in Virginia
in the month of May The eggs deposited by the first moths hatch
out in from five to seven days larvae or worms The worm
beds its outer skin twice before it gets its growth The grow
ing stage of the worm lasts from twentyfive to thirty days and
after it has attained its growth it gorges itself a few days longer
and then crawls or burrows in the ground where it soon passes into
the pupa state and after some twentythree or twentyfive days
from the time of its crawling into the ground the pupa sends forth
a moth to lay more eggs and hatch out moreworms Each moth is
capable of laying on an average two hundred eggs So that for every
moth in May we may reasonably expect at least one hundred worms
of the first brood and if none of these are destroyed but all
allowed to change to moths and these latter to raise a horde of
worms what wonder that the second brood sometimes appears in
122SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPOET1S92 15
such countless numbers as to defy all efforts to destroy them before
they have ruined the crop Every moth ought to be destroyed as
they appear and this may be done to great extent by injecting a few
drops of sweetened Cobalt which is a poison into the flowers of
the Petunia Honeysuckle or Jamestown Jimpson weed which
will give them their linal quietus But this hunt for the moth is
mot general and if it were some would escape But if every planter
would wage a war of extermination on the first brood of worms
unfortunately a thing rarely donethey would never appear in such
unconquerable hordes later in the season
PRUNING AND TOPPING
On the subject of pruning there is a great deversitv of opinion
The operation consists in pulling off the lower leaves which are
generally useless Topping is doneit consists in plucking off the
seed bud and adjacent small leaves
On the subject of gathering and curing wc will have something
to say at that season
THE HORN FLY
In some portions of Southern Georgia last year cattle were very
much annoyed and their condition reduced by the ravages of a
small fly about onehalf the size of the house fly which it resem
bles in general appearance In Virginia this fly is known as the
Horn Fly or Buffalo Gnat The latter name has become current
under the misapprehension that the fly is identical with the south
ern buffalo gnat of the Mississippi valley However the injury
done by the horn fly is not to be compared to that of the southern
buffalo gnat and indeed there may be no fear of any imme
diate danger to the life of stock For the benefit of those sections
of the State infested with these pests we give several selections
from the report of the Entomologist of the Department of Agri
culture of the United States
LIFE HISTORY
The eggs are deposited during daylight chiefly between 9 a m
and 4 p m and more particularly during the warm morning hours
They are laid singly and usually upon their sides upon the sur
face of wet dung the moment the latter is dropped So far as
known they are laid upon no other substance and never when old
The larvae upon hatching descend remaining however near the
surface When they are grown they are about twofifths of an inch
in length and of normal color and form The time elapsing from
the egg to the adult is from ten to seventeen days averaging say
two weeks and there are probably seven or eight generations annu
ally Their winter habits have not been definitely defined Hi
bernation doubtless takes place normally either as an adult around
12316
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
stables or as a pupanum below the surface of the ground The
mes make their appearance in May becoming most abundant in
July and gradually dwindling until sharp frosty nights become fre
quent 1 he characteristic habit of clustering about the base of the
horn is developed only when the flies are quite abundant When
they average only one hundred or so to the animal comparatively
few will be found on the horn Moreover the hornclustering
habit seems to be more predominated early in the season than
later The horns are not the only resting place as vast numbers
cluster also upon the back between the head and foreshoulders
where they can be reached by neither head nor tail
In the feeding position the wings are slightly elevated and are
held out from the body at an angle of 60 from the abdomen The
legs are held out wildly and the beak inserted beneath the skin of
the animal is held in nearly a perpendicular position The flv be
fore inserting its beak works its way through the hair close to the
skm but is able at a fling of the tail or an impatient turn of the
head to rise instantaneously in flight settling back as quickly
PREVENTIVE APPLICATIONS
Almost any greasy substance will keep the flies awav for several
clays Aniimberot experiments were tried in the field with the
result that train oil with a little sulphur or carbolic acid added
will keep the flies away for from five to six days while with a small
proportion of carbolic acid it will have a healing effect upon sores
which have been formed Train oil should not cost more than fifty
to seventyfive cents per gallon and a gallon will anoint a number
ot animals Common axlegrease costing ten cents a box will an
swer nearly as well and this substance hasbeen extensively used
lallow has also been used to good advantage The practice of
smearing the horns with pine or coal tar simply repels tbeni from
these parts Tram oil or fish oil seems to be more lasting in its ef
fects than any of the other substances used
HOW TO DESTROY THE LARVJE
AYhere cattle are in the habit of congregating at one place in the
pasture or on the range the larva may be destroyed by throwing
a spadeful of lime on the cow dung It would pay to do this in
May or June as every larva killed then represents the death of
many flies during August This course will he found in many
cases practical and of great avail and will often be an advantage to
the pasture b
124SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 3
FOURTH SERIES
QaestiQF for Jaly Grep Repert 92
Returnable July 1st 1892
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga June 20th 1892
Deak SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so
as to reach this office by the first day of July
AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with
which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at
any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an
average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below
these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 percent better or 10
per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari
sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which
you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not
SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county
use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi
mate estimate leave the space blank
Thanking you for previous reports I am
Very respectfully
R T NESBITT
Commissioner of Agriculturel WHEATYield compared to average per ct
2 WHEATAverage yield per acrebushels
OATSYield compared to average
per ct
I OATSAverage yield per acre
CLOVER and GRASSYield compared to average
per r
i COTTONCompared to an average condition and prospect
per ct
7 COKN
per set
k RICE
per ct
9 TOBACCO
per ct
10 S TOTATOES
per ct
11 SUGARCANE
per ct
12 MELONS
per ct
13 PEACHES
per ct
14 APPLE8
per ct
16 iUAlES
per ctREMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES
Sign Name Here
County
Post Office
Circular No 3
Fourth Series j
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1892
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JULY 1 1892
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga July 10 1S92

GENERAL REMARKS
The weather for the growth of all crops has been propitious
throughout nearly the entire State since the last crop report At
this time however cotton in many sections is in danger of being
greatly injured by too much rain and by grass Since the June
rains crops have very much recuperated from the effect of the
drouth and cold dry weather in the spring
COTTON
The outlook for a large yield per acre of cotton is not satisfactory
In many sections good stands have not been secured and the crop
is from ten to fifteen days late
CORN
The prospect for a good corn crop has materially increased since
the last report General rains throughout the State have greatlv
improved its condition Many localities where the outlook has
been blue now report that a fair crop will be made
WHEAT
The reports on the yield per acre of wheat are very gratifying
While a considerable portion of the crop remains unthreshed yet a
sufficient quantity has already been threshed to form a fair esti
mate of the average yield As shown by the tabulated statement
the yield averages nine bushels per acre This is 3i bushels
more than the most recent aecurate statistics on this subject com
piled by the United States government
OATS
In North Georgia the oat crop has been unusually good In
other sections of the State this crop suffered severely from the
drouth
The following tabulated statement gives a comprehensive view
of the crop conditions and prospects in the State by sectionsConsolidated Crop Report for JuneBy Sections
W
o
21
H
O
l
t
Q
W
Q
d
f
d
f
H
O
w
o
tI
FteW Compared to Average Yield per
an Average Acre

a
O

Condition and Prospect Compared to an Average
o
O
o
O

o
H
5
j o
1

a
to
3
gre

01 3
a
Ph
a
S
3
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
Average in State
103
96f
98
96
103J
821
08
80
68
80
9
n
9
8
17
15
12
12
13
m
88
83
90
83
86
93J
90
101
95
93
100
92
96
95
76
96
100
95
90
91
94
91
92i
95
93
92
96
97
85
100
80
99
72
94
81
90
75J
60
78
87
58
71
96
95
94
98
96
96JULY CROP REPORT1892
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksThe late heavy rains have damaged crops twenty per cent besides
greatly injuring lowlands Early peaches are rotting
BarlowPlenty of rain recently Crops growing rapidly and grass too If
rain continues great injury will result
CatoosaToo much rain in some sections of this county No plowing for
two weeks Clover and grasses good Apples and grapes are rotting badly
Cotton is small and late Wheat and oats fine
Clmttooga The weather during June has been favorable to all crops and
they are looking well Farmers are paying attention to clover and grasses
Wheat has besn damaged in shock by continual wet weather Cotton stand
imperfect Upland corn looks well but lowland corn drowned out
CherokeeCrop cultivated well Corn especially fine Some sections suffer
ing from excessive rains and high water
CobbThe hail has injured cotton and corn in some sections of this county
Are having too much rain
BadeProspects for good crops in this county fine Wheat above an aver
age but small acreage Large acreage of oats and crop fine
DausonLowland cotton and corn are suffering from too much rain Should
it continue much longer the result will be serious
FloydCotton rather small but in good condition
Forsyth Excessive rains have damaged corn crops greatly in the creek and
river bottoms and land has been damaged by washing
FranklinCorn on bottoms damaged by freshet Wheat and oats better
than usual Upland corn fine Too much rain for cotton
GordonCorn and cotton in the grass on aceount of too much rain Cotton
acreage reduced fully twenty per cent The best wheat and oat crop for years
GwinnettUpland corn fine Too much rain for bottom lands
HeibershamAll corn on bottoms has been injured by the wet weather
Crop generally looking well
HallThe prospects for a large corn crop were flattering but on account of
the overflowing of bottom lands a great deal of damage has been done
Haralson The recent heavy rains have been very detrimental to crops es
pecially to cotton
HartHeavy rainfall for the past fifteen days almost every day
Lumpkin Wheat very irregularsome places good others very poor Oats
good but acreage small Very little cotton planted this year Upland corn
good
MurrayCotton small and in many instances no fertilizers having been used
it will not do much
Paulding Prospect very good for corn crop Also large acreage planted
JickensCrops are generally in good condition with good stands though
127DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
all erops are from ten to fifteen days late Wheat and oats better than usual
A good crop of all kinds of fruit
RabunFarmers are getting badly in the grass on account of so much wet
weather Very little plowing done for ten days
UnionWe have had an unusual amount of rain this spring and farmers
are very much behind with their work on account of the wet weather
WalkerCotton in very poor condition May was too cold and dry to get a
good stand
yinte Heavy rains have done great damage during the past week to crops
along the creeks and river It has washed away considerable wheat and oats
and done much damage to meadows Upland crops looking well
WhitfieldCotton late and poorly cultivated on account of too much rain in
June Corn wheat and oats looking fine Weeds and grass now very em
barrassing
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinCorn small owing to so little rain in April and May but has com
menced to grow vigorously since the June rains Crops clear as a general
thing
BibbHave had but one rain in three months until about the 20th and
since then have had plenty Crops are improving being clear and nothing to
prevent them growing Heavy crops of peas and potatoes are being planted
more peas than for years past and they look well If seasons remain good
there will be an abundant supply of feed crops made
BusUntil within the last few days crops have been retarded by dry
weather Recent rains have been general over the county and the condition
is improving
Campbell Crops generally in good condition were well cultivated during
the dry weather since an abundance of rain are growing finely The wheat
has generally been threshed the yield fine and quality excellent Cotton
prospect not so flattering area at least twenty per cent off Farm animals
are better cared for than for many years
CarrollThe general rains throughout the county have made the corn crop
gain many points but grass has possession of much of the cotton and the
plants are very small but healthy Have had several washing rains lately
damaging corn and cotton
ClarkeHave had copious showers since last report which taken together
with warm weather has caused crops to grow off very rapidly Spring oats
are being harvested and will yield more than any of the three preceding
years
Clayton The recent rains have caused the orops to improve rapidly Corn
though small is doing very well and the outlook is good Although we have
some grass think it will be prevented from doing any material injury Some
sections however where the rain commenced early are how badly in the
grass
ColumbiaRain nearly every day for two weeks Corn fine Cotton is
getting grassy Too much rain for cotton and melons
128JULY CROP REPORT1892 5
CowelaWe have been having copious showers for several weeks past and
in some places washing rains There are a good number of blooded colts in
the county of the trotting stock as fine as Kentucky can boast of
DeKalbGood season for corn rather wet for cotton grass growing fast
DouglasSince the last rains crops have greatly revived and are looking
fine where they have been properly cultivated
Elbert Corn prospect excellent With plenty of rain through July we
will have an abundant supply for man and beast A great deal of the oat
land hus been planted in corn and peas and promises an abundant yield The
cotton crop may be reported as fairly good some of it looking well but a
great many fields in the grass
GreeneWe have had excessive rains in our county for the past ten or
twelve days and very little work has been done in the crops since in conse
quence of which they are getting grassy There is a full pea crop planted
and the prospect is good Cotton not fertilized is small but is growing very
fast and with late seasons will make a fair crop
HancockCorn and cotton small but much improved by recent rains The
melon crop is poor owing to the dry spring
HarrisThe condition of crops has been very much improved by the recent
rains On account of the drouth in the spring cotton and corn both small
the latter however promises well
HeardOwing to the long drouth in April and May cotton is small but
at this time is doing well In the western part of the county crops are at
least two weeks late
HenryWheat nearly all threshed crop good Cotton growing finely but
in bad conditionexcessive rains bring out the grass rapidly Corn doing
well
jasperThe ground at this report is wet deep Corn suffered from cool
winds and dry weather but has improved very much since we had rain
JonesCorn and cotton are smaller than an average but are clean of grass
and have a healthy appearance We have now a good season and a consider
able crop of late corn and peas has been planted The farmers of Jones will
harvest the largest corn crop since the war if the season continues favorable
Not much wheat or oats made in this county and a very few melons and po
tatoes are raised for market
LincolnWe are having an abundance of rain Land too wet to plow for
days at a time so that crops cannot be properly worked which will cause the
grass to get a start and having it to work out in July will cause material in
jury especially to cotton If the season continues through July the corn
crop will be very large Many farmers are planting their stubble fields in
peas which promises to improve the land and to provide good food for hogs
McDuffieSeasons through June very propitious for all crops Yield of
wheat and oats better than anticipated Cotton is somewhat late but is look
ing well
MonroeCrops irregular Rains been few and far between and very par
tial This is the easiest crop cultivated in years Corn has had one or two
extra workings and is being laid by small but with good color and healthy
stalk
1296
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
MorganDuring the past three weeks we have had abundant rains The
last few days heavy washing rains and in some parts of the county wind
blowing the corn down badly Should we have a good season from now to the
15th of July this county will make more corn than it will usea thing it
has not done since the war Cotton is getting very grassy and will be injured
some
NewtonOn the 23d and 25th of June we had very heavy washing rain
also wind damaging corn cotton fruit etc
OconeeOur corn and cotton are looking fine Wheat the best in several
years Fall oats good spring oats not so good
OglethorpeVery little work has been done on the farm since the 17th of
June Owing to continued rain the crops are all very much in the grass But
little damage done by wind and hail Some grain damaged in the shock
Farmers have economized lived harder and bought less than for many years
PikeCrops are a little late Cool dry weather in May kept vegetation
back Recent rains have caused it to take a new start Some farmers are well
up with their work while there is considerable grass in some sections and a
heavy season of rain to contend with
SockdaleCorn is looking fine Cotton is beginning to fruit very well but
very small In some localities crops have been damaged by excessive rains
and grass is abundant
TaliaferroFor last few days have had fine rains All crops looking well
since rain small but will make fair crops if season continues
TalbotRecent rains have greatly improved all crops still the prospect is
below the average Much of the cotton is too fate to make a June crop To
bacco and potato plants were set out late on account of dry weather More
tobacco planted than for years
Troup Corn and cotton have greatly improved since the last report though
both are small owing to the drouth in the spring Oats seriously injured by
the spring drouth
Upson Owing to dry weather up to June 15th corn is much smaller than
usual at this date but where properly cultivated has good color and with good
season will do well
WaltonThe heavy rains for the last ten or twelve days have greatly inter
fered with farm work and in some localities heavy winds and some rain may
possibly reduce the average Grass is also getting a strong hold and will injure
the crops before they can be cleaned out
WanenCrops have been cultivated with less labor up to date than for
years past Owing to dry May grass seed did not come up A part of the
county dry a larger portion rain plentiful in some localities excessive As a
rule crops are in a fine condition
WilkesHave had good seasons for ten days Grass beginning to be trouble
some Condition favorable to fast growth of crops
130JULY CROP REPORT1892 7
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
ButlerLess rain fell here from April 1st to June 20th than any year since
1875 hence crops are very backward Plenty of rain now and the crop pros
pect is improving
BerrienClover and grass are receiving attention in Berrien county also
tobacco A large crop of peas has been planted Fall crops were injured by
the drouth Plenty of rain now
BrooksAll crops vary throughout the county In portion of the county
rain was more frequent and crops are unusually good For want of rain in
some localities they are poor Early planted corn is very poor as it was seri
ously injured by the drouth
CalhounSpring oats on poor land almost a failure Fall oats better than
an average Two weeks ago our section was very dry but since that time have
had heavy and constant rains The corn crop has been well worked and is
promising If the heavy rains continue cotton on sandy land will be injured
It is small but the weed is healthy
Chattahooche The crops have improved very much in the last ten days
We are having fine rains at this time Corn and cotton very pooron hard
stiff lands too late to make a crop without a very late suitable fall Fruit in
abundance Farmers are very well up with their work labor plentiful and
works well
ClayCondition of crops generally good Cotton late and small especially
where no fertilizers are used Corn small but looking well Owing to too
much rain there is danger of cotton being injured by the grass
ColquittVe have had fine rains recently which have greatly improved the
crop prospect generally and especially the corn crop which was fast failing
when the rains set in This crop is now assured with one or two more good
showers
CrawfordWe have had fine seasons for several days all over the county
except a small area Raining too much now for cotton and it is feared that
grass will injure the crop Corn has improved and the prospect is flattering
The acreage in cotton is cut down 15 per cent Peas and groundpeas fine
Decatur Good seasons at this time no rain to do any good until last week
consequently all crops have suffered
I00lyYery few acres of wheat sown all harvested and threshed very fine
yield will be more sown next season Mr A J Fenn harvested thirtyfour
bushels off of two acres Mr Jasper Lewis sixtyseven bushels off of three
acres and a half Cotton very late though healthy good stand and in fair
condition at least twenty days late caused from drouth Corn fair stand but
very uneven and impossible to make a full crop Sweet potatoes rather back
ward as the season was too dry for transplanting Sugar cane very late but
plenty of time to make a good crop The stand is good The melon crop
though not so much planted is ripening earlier not quite so large as usual but
tine flavor Peaches plenty and healthy but rather small Late varieties may
yet develop Apples an off year with many of the trees about half crop
Grapes while few are grown are doing well and quite a number of vines are
being set out
lot8
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
EarlyCorn has improved rapidly since the rain Up to the 1st of June
it Jooked as though impossible for it to make more than half crop but if sea
sons hold out there will be no need to ship corn to Early Cotton late and
imperfect stand Cane stand good and in fine condition A large acreage
planted in potatoes
HoustonThe early drouth has been broken and with favorable seasons
from now on the corn though injured by the long drouth will produce a large
crop Cotton will be late but is improving and though small is clean of grass
and weeds Experiments in tobacco where set out in time are looking well
LeeCotton generally clean and looks healthy though later than last year
Some localities have suffered for rain but have recently had rains Corn is
not so good as last year but larger acreage planted and the yield will be as
great More field peas planted than for a long time
MaconCotton generally damaged by lice late planted by drouth Corn
also injured by drouth Are having rain now but the showers have been
partial
MarionCrops generally very backward caused by the drouth The fine
rains of the past ten days have had a fine effect and their condition is improv
ing
MillerHave been very dry until 11th instant plenty of rain since then
and crops growing rapidly
MitchellRain general for past few days just in time to make fair corn crop
Cotton small and later than usual
QaitmanCorn has been greatly injured for the want of rain Good rains
have fallen the past week improving the condition of all crops Cotton is
from fifteen to twenty days late The peach crop is about 75 per cent of a
full crop The fruit is exceedingly fine
Randolph Suffered with dry weather but are riow having too much rain
for cotton and crops getting very grassy If rain continues two weeks cotton
will be materially damaged Rice when planted on bottom land does finely
in our section and upland rice might also do well
SteuartCrops have suffered for want of rain but condition very much
improved by recent showers and in some sections crops are looking well
Sumter Fine season over entire county Cotton growing rapidly Melons
ordinary and cheap All side crops such as peas sugar cane groundpeas
sweet potatoes are doing well
TerrellRains have been general throughout this section during the past
week thereby increasing the prospects of all crops Corn peas potatoes
and small grain have been planted in lieu of cotton in many places In some
localities the corn and cotton will not recover from the effect of the drouth
ThomasIn this county rains have been partial some sections having
plenty and others comparatively none
Webster Forty days drouth broken by general rain on the 25th of June
Forward corn injured cotton poor stand small and unpromising
Worth Plenty of rain at this time though the drouth up o the 13th in
jured crops Condition rapidly improving Very little tobacco set out on
account of drouth
132JULY CEOP REPORT1892
EAST GEORGIA
BvllocliSeason for June good
BurkeIf the wet weather continues many days longer the cotton crop will
be greatly damaged
Dodge Crops in excellent condition generally and seasons good
EmanuelSince the spring drouth the season has been propitious in some
localities excessive rains Taken altogether crops are in good condition and
doing well
JeffersonCrops of every kind have been greatly benefited by June rains
Cotton in some localities is backward though generally in good condition All
crops as a rule are free of grass and well cultivated
JohnsonCorn was never better Crops generally clean Sugar cane short
crop poor stand
LaurensCorn crop flattering Cotton healthy and vigorous suffering some
from grass All crops are looking well and farmers are working harder than
ever
MontgomeryCorn a large crop and very promising More rield peas being
planted than for several years The unusually small acreage in cotton is im
proving Crops of all kinds looking well
PulaskiToo much rain for cotton and grass is growing rapidly which will
injure the crop unless we have sunshine soon Considerable acreage planted
in peas and groundpeas and promise a large yield upon these crops we rely for
fattening pork
RichmondCotton has come out wonderfully in the last three weeks So
will corn but corn will tassel very low
TatnallCotton is remarkably small for the season It shows the effect of
cold dry spring and light fertilizing
TelfairSeasons rather wet rain every day for the past ten days land too
wet to work and cotton in the grass Corn is about laid by and is looking fine
TwiggsAbundant rains this monthnow almost excessive
WashingtonFine seasons Rains general in the county More field peas
planted than usual In some localities too much rain
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
BryanThe prospect now is good A heavy rainfall came just as corn was
shooting and the season continues propitious
CamdenThe weather here has been exceedingly dry this summer and has
injured the grape crop but has not affected corn rice and sweet potatoes
where properly cultivated Recent rains seem to be general and outlook more
favorable
CharltbnJune rains caused a marked improvement in corn and if seasons
continue favorable will be above an average The drouth in April and May
caused the cotton stand to be very poor though the plants are looking well
ChathamTrucking season has closed leaving truckers far from satisfied
with general results About onehalf of the potatoe crop was disposed of at
1 25 to 275 per barrel in the Eastern market After deducting freight
13310
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
wharfage charges and commission very little was left to pay for seed rent
fertilizer cultivation etc Having heavy rains daily Corn crap very fine
ClinchThe long drouth in this section was ended with good rains June 1st
and all crops are improving Corn planted late will make an average crop
CoffeePlenty of rain since June 20th Crops are doing well Corn has
been cut off some by drouth but will make an average crop
EffingJiamEarly planted corn suffered much for want of rain but the rain
came in time to prevent serious falling off in crop prospects Sweet potatoes
promising and a large acreage planted
OlynnWe are having plenty of rain and a good season for crops generally
LibertyThe recent rains came just in time to save crops of all kinds ex
cept oats which were very much injured
MclnloshWe are having fine showers now and corn cane and upland rice
are looking well
PierceThe recent rains have very much improved the condition of all
crops Early corn is cut off some by the drouth but late corn is fine and there
will be a large yield Potatoes and sugar cane were never better Early mel
ons cut off by the long drouth
MONTHLY TALK WITH FARMERS
Since the last report appeared the busy month of June has passed
and in most sections of the State seasonable rains have fallen at
such convenient intervals that the cultivation of the crops has been
carried on with great success and as a rule they are in most satis
factory condition Where the lands are naturally good or have
been made so by renovating crops and the application of suitable
fertilizers and where to this condition is added a deep and thor
ough preparation and skillful and rapid cultivation the promise
of an abundant yield cheers the struggling toiler
CORN ANU SMALL GRAIN
The price of cotton as a rule so far below the cost of production
has hampered and depressed the agricultural interests to such a
degree that in many instances a Herculean effort has been required
in order to exercise the courage and energy so necessary to success
But notwithstanding the discouragements and disappointments
which this depressed condition of the cotton market entails the
farmers have in most sections forged ahead and today except in
portions of Southern and Eastern Georgia they are rewarded by
fair small grain crops and exceptionally promising corn crops In
134JULY CROP REPORT1892 11
these excepted sections the Jong drouth has materially reduced the
yield the rains coming too late to save these crops but in the
greater portion of the State an abundant food supply is almost as
sured And for this assurance we are indebted in a measure to the
condition of the cotton market
THE LOW PRICE OP COTTON
has undoubtedly caused some changes in our farm management
causing us to pay more attention to grain and forage crops In the
course of a few years if we persevere in the line already inaugu
rated instead of a few selfsustaining farms scattered here and
there we will see them in every neighborhood and their influence
will be felt over the whole State
COTTON
The plants are small for the season the result doubtless of a
very dry and cold spring Another cause of the backward condi
tion of this crop was the fact that many croppers were unable to
secure the fertilizers which they would otherwise have used These
facts coupled with the lessened acreage will render it impossible
for us to make the large crop of last year and a sensible reduction
of that crop may be expected in the fall As a rule however the
stalk of the cotton is at present good and with favorable seasons
during the maturing period we may realize a fair yield for the
amount planted
IMPROVING THE FARMS
In the largest portion of the State the crops are beyond the help
of the plow and the hoe and the work on this line which has not
been accomplished must be left undone But we will now have a
little leisure in which to put our farms in order Nothing speaks
in louder tones of the thrift and prosperity of a country than the
neat and well kept farm Unfortunately man of our farms have
been sadly neglected since the war often from inability to secure the
labor necessary to keep them up or if labor was abundant lack of
funds so handicapped the farmer that he could not work to advan
tage The result is that on many farms the buildings are falling
into decay and the fences and division lines are overrun with briars
and bushes detracting much from otherwise attractive homes If
we expect to keep our children at home and away from the demor
alizing and epervating influences of the city we must determine to
135
n12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
make some needed changes and improvements A paling nailed on
here and there a coat of whitewash applied to outbuildings and
fences a few hours or perhaps days devoted to necessary repairs do
not cost much and add one hundred per cent to the value of each
farm
BUILDING UP THE LANDS
Another matter which should engage our serious attention is the
building up and permanent improvement of our lands Under the
ruinous tenant system much land originally good has become so
depleted and exhausted of all vegetable matter as to render its cul
tivation exceedingly hazardous and unsatisfactory Under this sys
tem the plan has been to apply highly concentrated fertilizers in
the drill and of course the crop must be kept free of all vegetable
growth The same land has been planted continuously in the same
crop and is it any wonder that after a few years the soil is exhausted
and peculiarly liable to suffer from drouth or any extremes in
weather conditions It has required perhaps seventy years to elim
inate the food properties from our soil but we have exhausted it
and while this is a most discouraging proposition we must face it
and bring every means at our command to meet and overcome it
By perseverance and energy I believe this can be done and we
should do it ourselves and not permit strangers to absorb the inher
itance for which our energetic and fearless forefathers struggled
Our farms are our banks and we should manage our deposits in
such a way as to meet some unexpected demands for it is in farm
ing perhaps more than any other business that the unexpected is
always happening Notice for instance that on the 3346320 acres
planted in cotton in 1891 we raised the usual average of about a
bale to three acres but at what fearful loss to the producers After
a years toil and a heavy outlay of money the price lacked several
thousand dollars of paying the expenses of the crop And those
who depended on this crop alone were in most cases left with only
the bare fields to remind them of their fatal mistake
Until we have a greater diversity and a rotation of crops better
preparation and more thorough cultivation there will be little
improvement Now that the crops are about laid by let me
urge upon you to begin if only on a small scale to supply the loss
which has been going on for so many years I understand the
grave difficulties of the situation I realize that in many cases it
is with the utmost difficulty that the seed for renovating crops and
136JULY CROP REPORT1892
IS
the necessary fertilizer can be secured But if you can begin with
only five acres set to work at once Broadcast 100 to 150 pounds
of acid phosphate to the acre sow and turn under one bushel of
peas If you have an abundance of forage turn this entke crop
under in the fall If however you are compelled to save for stock
feed cut it and then turn under the stubble Make another appli
cation of phosphate in September and then sow rye one bushel to
the acre If the spring proves favorable you will get two cuttings
of forage for stock and mules In May put this land in either corn
or cotton and you will be surprised at the result of one seasons
efforts in restoring fertility to your exhausted soil A few years
devoted to work on this line will compensate you for what may
now appear a very unnecessary waste of time labor and money
The land will increase in value and you will be encouraged by
vastly superior and remunerative crops I trust you will consider
these suggestions and act upon them We have an incomparable
climate and can raise within the borders of our own State every
thing necessary to support man and beast Let us utilize these
blessings and build up our homes and our country
R T Nesbitt
Commissioner of Agriculture
In the June report I particularly called attention to the impor
tance of sowing peas but by a typographical oversight it was
omitted R T N
137
m14
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TOBACCO IN THE WIREGRASS SECTION
On the 2d of July through the courtesy of General Manager
Lane of the Georgia Southern and Florida Railroad a large num
ber of farmers from the counties of Bibb Houston Dooly and Ir
win were given a pleasant trip and an interesting and advantageous
object lesson in the cultivation of tobacco The experiments
in tobacco culture that are being made and conducted at Cyclo
neta by the Railroad Company and at Tifton by Colonel H H Tift
are of so extensive a character that a thorough and efficient test
will be made as to the adaptability of soil to type And by the
enterprise of the company and of Colonel Tift the question whether
in the wiregrass section of Georgia tobacco can be profitably and
successfully grown will be answered That the soil is well adapted
to tobacco is answered by a look at the vigorous growth and healthy
appearance of the plants that cover sixtyfive acres To this also
is added the testimony of the experts who have charge of the work
Upon the quality of the tobacco largely depends the profit and the
conclusive answer as to what this will be can only be given after
the crop has been cured On this point however those familiar
with the plant agree that there is every evidence that it will equal
the best types of Virginia and North Carolina
AT CYCLONETA
At Clycloneta nine acres have been planted embracing the fol
lowing varieties Hester Long Leaf Gouch and Havana Not
withstanding the drouth in the spring which retarded and rendered
setting out the plants difficult the crop is all that could be asked
from the tobacco lands of Virginia and North Carolina Through
the fields the visitors were accompanied by Mr Fletcher Paschal
who has charge of the work Mr Paschal kindly answered all
questions as to preparation of seed beds transplanting cultivation
topping suckering worming etc practically demonstrating how a
greater part of this labor was performed and the color a pale green
at which the leaves must be gathered was shownas much of the
tobacco was then ready for the barn It is not however the pur
pose in this report to go into details as to methods of cultivation
and cure as in the publications of the department we have on
several occasions called attention to this
138JULY CROP REPORT1892
15
AT TIFTON
Here more than fifty acres have been planted the same varieties
being used as at Cycloneta From ten acres of this in the opinion
of those in a position to know 1500 pounds per acre will be gath
ered On this field 450 pounds per acre of standard fertilizer was
used From many of the plants from twentyfive to thirty leaves
will be cured which is more than double an ordinary crop On
the entire acreage the crop is far above the average indeed this can
be said of the Spanish variety for this type of tobacco will make
almost as fine a yield in proportion to the usual crop as the ten
acres mentioned Over the crop a continuous war has been waged
against the horn and bud worms as nothing was done early in the
season by planting Jamestown Jimpson weed and using this to
destroy the moths and thus prevent the rapid increase of the
worms But few of the plants however have suffered any material
injury The experts employed by Colonel Tift to superintend the
work here also answered all questions and gave our farmers the
benefit of their experience in the fields of the large tobacco grow
ing States
BARNS
The tobacco grown at Cycloneta and at Tifton will be cured by
the Snow process a description of which was given in the October
report of the department Five improved barns have been erected
at Tifton and one at Cycloneta as it requires a barn to about every
ten acres
OTHER CROPS
A description of the growth and cultivation of other crops at
Cycloneta and of the farming operations of Mr W T Tift at Tifton
would be profitable and not uninteresting but is beyond the limits
of this report It is sufficient to say that the great capacity of the
land of this section for fruits and nearly all the crops is abundantly
shown and for those interested in the development of agriculture
in Georgia a day spent at Cycloneta and Tifton will be both pleas
ant and profitable
After the tobacco has been gathered and cured we will give the
results of these extensive experiments with benefit we trust to
those who will be aided by showing the capacity and adaptability
of Georgia soil to the cultivation of this plant
139SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 4
FOURTH SERIES
Questtens for August Grep Report 92
Returnable August 1st 1892
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga July 20th 1892
Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so
as to reach this office by the first day of August
AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with
which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at
any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an
average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below
these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10
per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari
sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which
you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not
SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county
use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi
mate estimate leave the space blank
Thanking you for previous reports I am
Very respectfully
R T NESBITT
Commissioner of AgricultureWhat is the condition and prospect of
1 COTTONCompared with an average
per ct
2 CORN
perct
per ct
4 SUGAK CANE
per ct
S S POTATOJES
per ct
6 What ire the profits of the melon crop compared with last yearper
Give date of first appearance of cotton caterpillars
9 TOBACCOCondition
per ct
10 Period of excessive wet weather
From Tnlyto July
11 Period of drouth
From Julyto JulyREMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES
Sign Name Here
CountyPost Office Circular No 4
Fourth Series

CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1892
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AUG 1 1892
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga August 10 1892 j
GENERAL REMARKS
During the latter part of June and up to the 20th of July the
rainfall in nearly every section of the State was excessive This
was followed by extreme heat damaging to crops in their succulent
condition resulting from the wet season
COTTON
This crop has suffered more than any other from the weather
conditions the excessive rains producing grass and preventing
farmers from cleaning the crop also resulting in large growth of
weed without fruit But little injury has been done by insect pest
boll worms being reported in a very few localities In some sec
tions material harm has been done by rust
CORN
In nearly every part of the State the report on this crop is good
and the reduction in comparison with the report for June has been
caused principally by injury to lowland in North Georgia during
the wet season In some localities the extreme heat following the
wet weather damaged the crop
GRAIN
The promised yield per acre given in the last report which was
predicated on the results obtained from the threshed area has hardly
been realized owing to sprouting in the shock On the whole
however the wheat crop may be considered as above an average
FORAGE PLANTS
Correspondent calls attention to the large acreage devoted to
grasses and forage plants and to the promise of a fine yield
141DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
State
i re be
5 S 33
z z
O
85
844
79
80
81
G re o J3 o Con1 pared age 1 1 i 1 0
Cont aared age Cane i Coir Aver Potat ition to a Co Com Aver
CornCorn Avei s2g Sweet Cond pared M Tobacco tion to an
96 98 96 100 96
98 97
94 97 97 98
95 94 95 94 95
96 97

95f 95 96 97J
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BmtAll crops bjl In th gra ovi to in Corn
bottom Wti by to Cotton poorly MM
MljCrop ery on account ol eiwet wether Son
roer I hlt ln m
o1 fo PPtlmit9 0l tbeoora era bt
etttr
have every indication of dry weaker 5 E
ram Three weeks dry weather would almost ruin our corn cron rT
now doing fairly well bat too much rain has caused it to weed
142AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 3
FloydOn acccount of excessive rains cotton has failed to set its usual
amount of fruit and again much of it at least one fourthhas suffered from
neglect on account of wet weather Same thiug applies to corn
Forsyth Cotton is fifteen days late though it is fruiting fast since the rain
ceased Lowland corn drowned out Upland and high bottom good when
it was worked in time Forty per cent of all crops grassy on account of wet
weather The wheat and oat crop good but damaged considerably after cut
ting Cotton doing well with the sunshine and fair weather
FranklinCorn on lowlands is materially injured Upland corn generally
fine and doing well where it has been properly culivated Cotton is small
and from ten to fifteen days late The three weeks drouth a ter so much rain
is telling on our crops
GordonCorn in critical condition So much late corn has not had neces
sary work Cotton two weeks late
GwirmettExcessive rains have compelled the farmers to permit their crop
to go unworked and therefore grass has injured all crops very much Cotton
is making weed but not fruiting well It has been too wet for bottom laud
corn
Habersliam The heavy rains have injured the com on bottom land very
much and if the present dry weather continues long upland cotton will be cut
off Some hay and oats have been destroyed by the freshets
HallBoth corn and cotton have been badly injured by the wet weather
Farmers could not work their crops Hundreds of acres of the best Corn in
the county was killed by overflows Crops on upland are fine
Haralson By the wet weather crops on bottom land were injured The
dry weather with excessively hot days has also damaged our crop prospect
HartCorn will not make a full crop Too wet on lowland and all lands
have suffered for work Cotton will be short as it is now being injured by the
dry hot weather following the rains A good rain at this time would greatly
benefit it
Jacks mWheat oats and peas are better than for several years Too much
rain for corn on bottom land Upland corn good Too wet for cotton up to
the loth of July Since then cotton has improved very much
MurrayWheat and oats badly damaged in shock by wet weather Corn
on lowlands injured on highlands very fine Farm work has been retarded
and many crops are very g assy
Paulding The farmers are buying less on time than in twenty years and
endeavoring to get out of ddbt Cropi have been well cultivated but a drou th
now would prove fatal to upland corn
Pickenn The excessive wet weather the first part of the month somewhat
injured the corn crop Too much rain and not enough work The farmers
are about done work and the crop is improving finely and if the seasons con
tinue there will be the best corn crop jsince 1861 Cotton is small and late
Wheat turned out well but somewhat injured in the shock during the wet
weather
RabunThe corn crop cannot possibly average over seventyfive per cent
owing to the continued wet weather through June and July The farmers
1434 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
could not cultivate their crop A great deal of the low bottom lands are
drowned ou We are now having fair weather and should we have a con
tinued drouth would cut the average much lower
nJ7frA11 btt0m Crn hljlrfid by exssve wet weather In some
Places the yield cannot reach above twentyfive per cent of an average The
hay crop 9 extra good and the late dry weather has been well adapted o it
dcntdhrerseabove an averagebut the e
WhitfielcfGreat loss of wheat and oats Floods have washed uplands and
drowned bottoms Hay cutting and tight with grass and weedsn5 going on
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinThe rains have injured the cotton crop to some extent allowm
grass to grow and where the weed is small will be a great 5Z SlZ
has appeared except on sandy land Corn safe and in most places very nT
AW Corn peas potatoes and tobacco fine and in good condition CoUon
be month W t TT f from ive i du ng
the month Weather has been fine since the 25th of July but very Lot
Cotton grassy and cleaning it out has greatly injured it many wojnot at
tempt to work lt fearing that work would do it more harm than good
The excessive wet weather has prevented cotton from takin on the
fruit t otherwise would have done and got a large portion of uTc in ft
VpMtThe excessive rainfall during July has drowned out some of the
corn on lowlands and has caused cotton to take on too much weed a dry
August would prove fatal to it Almost all other croM in fine 7r
Pasturage splendid anda large quantity of hay win be 4 Te d m lie
prifnt ttrxrsrbr t
CtorteRin needed very badly melons very poor quality and very dull
sale corn crop the best we have had for several years Farmers are busy
cleaning out grass and weeds which have damaged cotton some
ClaytonPhe rams in July have benefited the crops very materially and
the prospects are much more flattering than they were amont ago on accent
ol the rams some have su fie red from grass and we will be later than usua
corfislL tlVatln Ctt0niS W6edin finelbut well
CohnnbiaOU corn about made late corn suffering very much for rain
the heat is so oppressive that if we do not have rain in a few dZ caS nake
much Cotton has been damaged by the continual heavy r is fotloldty
the drouth and excessively hot weather should the drouth continuea week
longer the crop will be off fifty per cent continue a week
land wm IS vlr8 t0 T38 h0t W6ather and raPid 8wth cotton ou sandy
land will fad very rapidly unless rain falls in a few days upland corn is now
144AUGUST CROP REPORT 1892
needing rain Around Moreland in this county about 300 acres are planted
in grapes and it has proven a very profitable side crop netting the growers
about 250 per acre this industry gives pleasant and profitable employment
to a large number of women and children who would otherwise be earning
very little if any money at all the grape is a bonanzi Our farmers are diver
sifying their crops There is a great deal of fruit shipped from this county to
New Orleans and the northern and western cities and it is far more profita
ble than cotton Our farmers are paying attention to improving their stock
and we have several standard bred stallions in the county
DeKalbCorn is not large but has a good color and where early promises a
heavy yield Cotton has a very su culent weed and is making long joints and
heavy foliage at the expense of fruit production If a hot August follows the
crop will be remarkably short as the fruit on the stalk now is young and
would be cast
Doiglae Very little work has been done in the crops during the month on
account of so much rain The crops are very grassy and it is too late to get it
out
Elbert The drouth following the excessive wet weather has injured the
cotton crop very materially Upland corn is good but bottom land corn has
been injured by overflows Cane potatoes and peas are fine but are beginning
to need rain
Fayetle The outlook for good crops is now encouraging Farm stock in
fair condition There is a general det rmination on the part of farmers to
raise home supplies sufficient for home consumption so that the cotton crop
can be held or sold without injury to other parties
Fulton Crops in some localities badly in the gras on accouut of excessive
rains The yield of corn promises well especially on upland Cotton wili
depend largely on the future weather condition
GreoneCotton is beginning to suffer seriously from the effects of the ex
cessive hot weather The prospect diminishes one per cent every day Corn
was damaged to some extent by the wet season but the prospect may be con
sidered good Melons were also badly damaged by the rains
HarrisOur peach crop is abundaut and our trees are breaking down Much
fruit is being dried aud canned Owing to excessive rains in July a few farmers
are laying by cotton in the grass Cotton has very little fruiton it Low and
c rn was badly damaged by the wet weather Sweet potatoes after being set
out in many cases have been neglected therefore the crop will be smaller
than anticipated
Heard The prospect for a good crop has not been so good for a number of
years The general rains greatly increased prospective yield The condition
of cotton is not satisfactory It is two weeks late and badly in the grass
HenryCotton badly off from rainy weather and grass To kill the grass
required deep plowing and hoeing and the weed was badly injured Bjttom
land drowned out some by the wet weather
JasperWe have had a great deal of rain which has injured cotton especially
on gray land Crops badly in the grass For twentyfive days farmers could
not work their crops at all
1456 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TonesOur corn crop good Cotton not looking well on account of too
much rain Rust has appeared in many places and grass has taken posses
sion of the crop in many fields Stock of all kinds doing well on account of
abundance of grass
LincolnNo plowing done in July until the 18th too wet now in spots
especially on bottom land With few exceptions crops looking well
McDuffie Corn crop fine The hot weather following the wet season has
caused cotton to shed all the top crop Peas potatoes and sugar cane are
doing well but need rain
MonroeCotton grassy and ten days late and if it continues dry will be
abe to clean it out
MorganCrops are full of grass Hay crop promises to be good
NewtonCotton crop fifteen days late damaged by excessive wet weather
especially so on gray sandy soil affecting the plant with what is usually
called black rust Crops also materially damaged by grass and weeds Corn
peas and potatoes fine If we bave no disaster from now on Old Newton will
have these crops to sell next winter
OglethorpeCorn very fine on upland somewhat injured on bottoms by wet
season Cotton as a rule well fruited but in some localities went too much to
weed and injured by grass A considerable quantity of corn planted after
wheat and oats which is looking well Peas very fine
Pike Fine fruit and vegetable crop Grass owing to the excessive rains
lias damaged all crops
Putnam On account of excessive wet weather cotton has rather a vigorous
growth with but little fruit on it The fruit crop is the finest iu years and
piivute parlies as well as our canning factory are putting up large quutities
for home use and market
Bockdale Corn crop very fine but ten days late Cotton is looking well
where it has been worked Forage patches are numerous and looking fine
SpaldtngCrops are beginning to need rain with a continuation of the pres
ult heat and drouth cotton and late corn will be very much cut off
TalbotNo doubt but that the cotton crop has been injured by the excessive
rains during the latter part of June and up to the 23th of July A large part
of this county suffered a nine weeks drouth during the months of April and
May which made the stand of cotton late and the excessive rains caused it to
gel grassy with favorable seasons from now on a fair yield is expected Other
crops will make a good average
Trump The wet weather in July caused cotton to go largely to weed rain
is now needed to make it take on fruit Corn is looking well and is about
made
Upson The excessive wet weather damaged most crops a little Lots of
corn fired on thin gray land and badly damaged and cotton got very grassy
the late cleaning hurting it badly
WaltonSome cotton and corn injured by grass too much rain up to the
LOth of July Melon crop ruined by wet weather Walton will make enough
corn to do next year with some to sell
Warren The weather is extremely hot and will need rain in a few days
Feeding heavily to our hogs peaches and collards All disease has disappeared
WilkesThe dry hot weather is on and unless rain conies soon the cotton
prospect will be materially changed
146AUGUST CROP REPORT1892
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Baker Cotton was retarded in growth up to June 20th Since that time
the rains have been excessive and the growth too rapid to take on fruit The
crop is very grassy and rust has made its appearance and is apt to do much
harm
BerrienThe rain has damaged cotton in many places in this county To
bacco prospect fine It is now being harvested Corn looking well
BrooksCondition and prospect on all crops good except cotton which was
injured by the long wet season
ChattahoocheeCorn peas and potatoes fine Extreme weather very injuri
ous to the cotton crop and it has turned yellow on sandy lands Fodder pull
ing has commenced on early corn
ClayThe boll worm has made its appearance in some parts of this county
The corn crop is safe and fine Cotton was injured by the wet season
Colquiti Cotton injured badly by too much rain followed by exreme heat
and by the rank growth of grass
Crawford Grass and wet weather injured our crop prospect very much
The corn crop is very fine
Decatur There will be a very large corn crop made in this county this year
Cotton crop not so good A large tobacco crop will be made this year Be
tween five and six thousand acres planted
Dooly Cotton injured by the heavy rains causing shedding of fruit and
black rust on lowlands Corn will yield better than was anticipated
Dougherty Excessive rain caused injury to cotton from grass and working
too wet in some instances The crop generally late
EarlyCotton late on account of too much wet weather Corn good though
damaged by the rains
HoustonCotton crop damaged much by grass and weeds Too much stalk
and poorly fruited A fine crop of corn
Lee Excessive wet weather in greater part of this county has damaged the
cotton crop It has lost its healthy appearance and looks yellow Corn crop
very fine
MaconThe prospect for a good corn crop has materially increased since
last report General rains have greatly improved its condition Cotton weed
fine but not so well fruited as usual
MarionThe weed of cotton is fine hut is deficient in fruit on account of
too much rain Corn promises a fine yield Potatoes damaged by grass
MillerCotton dying very badly from black rot More groundpeas than in
any year since the war Corn mads
MuscogeeWeather has been extremely hot and cotton badly in need of
rain
Quitman Excessive rain damaged the cotton crop a great deal especially
on sandy land The crop is very grassy Corn cane and sweet potatoes are
very fine
RandolphThe prospect for a good cotton crop is not flattering as the crop
1478
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
has been injured by rust due to excessive rains The corn crop where well
cultivated is remarkably good
SehleyMany fields of cotton ruined by grass owing to excessive rains and
the crop looks now as though it would not yield more than fifty per cent
StewartCorn crop above an average in this section Cotton materially
damaged by the excessive rains
SumferCotton yellow and shedding fruit very badly Corn crop fine All
side crops doing well
TaylorThe corn crop is exceedingly fine The rains made a fine cotton
weed but it is poorly fruited
TerrellCorn crop never better in this section Cotton crop good but
grassy and most of it is too far advanced to be worked to advantage Sandy
lands badly injured by excessive rains
ThomasTobacco set out late has been injured by hot weather Corn crop
good r
WebsterContinuous rains caused much damage to cotton Outlook gloom v
iarmers discouraged
WtteoxCorn acreage increased and there will be a fine yield Cotton im
proving and promises a fair crop
WorthRust has damaged cotton Tobacco planted here is doing finely
Corn crop tine
EAST GEORGIA
Burke It has been too wet to do satisfactory work and the rains heavy and
washing during the month Corn on lowlands drowned out
OlascockThe excessive wet weather followed by very warm days has dam
aged all crops materially especially cotton
JeffersonVery hot and dry Cotton in a critical condition It is full of
sap from the wet season and will not stand a drouth Corn and other crops
are average
JohnsonCorn owing to wet weather on light land is fired badly Cotton
on such land is now taking rust On good land cotton going too much to
weed
LaurensHave had too much rain for cotton and corn but very few crops
in the grass as farmers have been working well when the weather would per
mit
MontgomerySince last report have had too much rain for all crops Corn
is made and some are pulling fodder
Pulaski Crops depend largely on rains to sustain them in their present suc
culent condition An abundant yield of foodcrop is promised Cholera kill
ing hogs but no general epidemic
RichmondThe melon crop a failure almost and the price so low that there
was nothing to be made
TattnattCrops improving but will be cutoff considerably on account of the
excessive wet weather the early weeks in July Corn crop made
Telfair The excessive rains have debarred the farmers from working their
cotton and is also causing it to shed Corn was also injured by too much
rain
148AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 9
TwiggsThe weed of cotton is large and fine but much of the fruit was
shedded Corn where cultivated properly is excellent except on very sandy
land on which land it was injured by the rains
Washington Corn somewhat injured by excessive rains especially so on
sandy lands Cotton has a large weed with but little fruit
Wilkinson So much rain in July with a week of very hot weather that cot
ton has retained but little fruit An average crop of corn will be made
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Camden The farmers of this county will make a fair crop
Chartbm In some portions of this county crops have been injured by too
much rain
Chatham Farmers are well satisfied with result of watermelon crop No
rain since the 22d and beautiful weather to cure fodder The land of trucks
is now given over to the hay crop except that reserved for potatoes The
hav crop promises to be good
Clinch Condition of cotton improved also that of corn this month The
seasons have been good
Coffee The wet weather has injured cotton materially and it is very late
Pea crop badly damaged
HffinghamCotton badly in the grass and on lowlands shedding leaves
Late corn was injured by the heavy and continuous rains
GlynnRecent rains have improved the condition of crops A good season
for potatoes and sugar cane A large acreage in cow peas
LibertyA great deal of attention has been paid to supplementary crops
which is gratifying An unusual area has been planted in sweet potatoes and
peas and they have been better cultivated than generally
McLUosh All crops looking well and we will make an average crop
sweet potatoes than usual
Pierce Cotton is very small and not as well fruited as last year Corn is
much better than last year Rice not so good Sweet potaoes and sugar cane
fine
Ware Crops of all kinds badly injured by the wet weather
More
MONTHLY TALK WITH FARMERS
The general outlook for fair crops was never better though in
some sections of the State excessive rains have injured both corn
and cotton
THE MELON AND FRUIT INDUSTRY
which in portions of the State is assuming large importance has
been materially injured from the same cause and the profits which
were reasonably expected from this source have been sensibly re
duced But these profits are sufficiently large even under unfavor
14910
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
able conditions to encourage similar innovations in other branches
of our farm economy and I trust that the eventual result will be
the abandonment of some of the false agricultural methods which
have fixed themselves upon us Like other bad habits we find
them hard to shake off and we cannot expect to overcome them at
once Great reforms require processes tedious more or less and
radical changes can only be effected gradually It is neither ex
pedient nor desirable to convert the State into a big melon patch
or peach orchard but it is important that we turn our attention
from the practically
EXCLUSIVE CULTIVATION OF COTTON
the crop which will undoubtedly make us independent if properly
controlled but the abuse of which is responsible in great measure
for much of our present financial distress This crop has succeeded
itself year after year until much of our once fertile land is exhausted
of all those properties which are so absolutely essential to the
healthy and vigorous development of our various crops including
cotton itself Every thinking and observant farmer must admit
that where legitimate and wholesome methods have been pursued
independence and in a measure prosperity have resulted and that
today the greatest suffering is among those farmers who have for
years been striving to produce large crops of cotton to the exclusion
of equally important food crops apparently regardless of the ruinous
expense and the positive injury to his land No wonder that these
men begin to think that farming is unremunerative is indeed the
shortest road to poverty nor can we wonder that their boys seek
other employment Suppose the merchant without studying the
needs of his customers or the particular lines of goods suited to his
territory should overstock his shelves with some article not re
quired by the exigencies of trade Need he be surprised if he have
to carry over much of that stock or sell at a heavy loss The
farmer who plants all or nearly all cotton commits the same mis
take A careful study of the question will show him that there are
certain laws of supply and demand which render such a course ex
ceedingly hazardous The safest plan is to put in such crops and
by such methods as will assure at least home supplies and perhaps
some revenue thus placing his cotton crop safely beyond the reach
of speculators and himself on an independent pfane
50AUGUST CROP REPORT1892
11
A CAREFUL ROTATION OF CROPS
and a study of the elements required supplying in each case that
which the soil lacks for the proper development of that crop will do
much to
RECLAIM OUR WORN LANDS
There are thousands of acres of land in this State which have
been robbed by years of clean culture in successive cotton crops of
every vestige of vegetable matter On these lands the usual plan
is to apply in the drills some highly concentrated commercial fer
tilizer This stimulates the young cotton plants and if the season
prove favorable with plenty of moisture the usual bale to three
acres is realized but at heavy expense If a drouth comes this in
judicious use of highly nitrogenous fertilizers becomes painfully
apparent and instead of vigorous and well developed plants we see
stunted stalks and seared leaves
Have you never noticed that in a field where a pile of manure
has been placed and in handling has become scattered that the
plants growing there are not only much finer but in times of
drouth keep greener and are better fruited than those in other parts
of the field Even in protracted drouths both corn and cotton in
these spots retain their color and suffer comparatively little
This reason I used cotton seed and acid combined applying in
the drill In the spots where this was deposited before being dis
tributed the corn is unusually fine averaging two heavy ears to the
stalk Where commercial fertilizer was applied in the drill the
land being naturally thin the corn fired even during a two weeks
drouth presenting a striking contrast to the green and vigorous
stalks where the manure was more evenly and generally distributed
A farmer in Gwinnett county told me a few days since that his son
anxious to secure a fine yield of corn decided that if a small appli
cation of fertilizer did good the yield would be relatively increased
by larger applications Had the land been in good tilth the soil
well preserved and the fertilizer more evenly distributed the expec
tations of the young farmer would have been reasonably certain and
the rate of increase would probably have been in proportion to the
amount of manure used But the land had been deprived of all
plant food by years of clean cotton culture and the large quantity
of concentrated fertilizer applied in the drill produced a burnt crop
no ears appearing on many stalks The lesson to be learned from
15112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
this case is that on old and exhausted land it is time and money
worse than wasted to apply in the drill and in large quantities any
highly ammoniated commercial fertilizer It is absolutely neces
sary to treat these worn lands with renovating crops of peas and
clover the situation of the farmer and other conditions determining
which of these is most desirable All things considered peas sown
broadcast and then turned under is the cheapest and most desir
able renovator but in some sections clover produces better results
though this requires better land to give it a start and is not so
quick in its improving effects
While travelling through Middle Georgia recently I noticed with
pleasure that on some farms every acre from which small grain had
been cut was now covered with a promising growth of peas On
many of these fields bone or acid phosphate was first applied broad
cast and then the peas were sown Would that there was a more
general awakening on this subject
When the farmers as a class realize that a system of speculative
farming is fraught with much danger and risk and that successful
farming implies not only producing large cotton crops but making
all supplies at home and a careful attention to and improvement
of the land as well we shall see many of our present mistakes rec
tified Corn which costs anywhere from fifty to seventy five cents
cash can be raised at home at less cost and fodder and hay at a
saving of at least one half With proper arrangements for keeping
hogs and with rye clover the orchard and groundpeas meat can
be raised at a cost of from four to five cents
I was recently shown the expense account ot a man who resides
in town and who has to buy everything consumed by his hogs they
being confined in a close pen All expenses included his meat cost
him seven cents at least two cents below the cash price today
Even if the meat should cost us as much as the market value we
feel this cost less sensibly than when we have to take from our
pockets the hard earned dollars to pay for it If you have not here
tofore made arrangements for a pasture now that the crops are laid
by dont let a day pass without giving this matter your serious
consideration The season is nearly upon us when we must prepare
to sow
KYE
barley and fall oats With an application of phosphate on fairly
good land we can reasonably expect two good crops of rye and
152AUGUST CROP REPORT1892
13
when this is planted on the land where the peas have been turned
under the result is a surprising yield of fine forage of which the
stock become very fond and when not working the plow animals
can keep in good condition with no other food When the last
cutting is made the stubble can be turned under which puts the
land in fine mechanical condition and with proper preparation you
have not only an improved soil but a fine supply of plant food
properly distributed
FALL OATS
is another renovating crop which stands our coldest weather Dont
take your poorest land but your best and improve it by a liberal
application of manure At the South we have not yet learned just
how to apply our manures We have made so many failures by
applying alone in the drill that we fear like disastrous results from
liberal broadcasting But when we once make this change particu
larly if it follows crops of peas clover or rye we will never return
to the old ruinous plan
GLANDERS
The veterinary surgeon whom I have sent in response to many
requests reports that glanders has undoubtedly reappeared in some
sections of the State I am now appealed to for help to be sent to
Schley and legislation on this subject seems almost imperatively
demanded that the progress of this loathsome and contagious dis
ease so destructive and endangering the life of man and beast may
be checked
Quarantine measures have been adopted by many of the States
as the disease is considered by veterinarians as having been brought
in by western stock many cases having been traced to such stock
I would suggest that the farmers give this matter their thoughtful
attention that they may be able to aid me in securing perfect legis
lation With that full and generous support which the Department
should receive from the people it can be made a powerful agent
not only in protecting the farmers against infectious diseases but
in securing them against frauds in fertilizers also in disseminating
useful information and publishing the various improvements and
discoveries in the progressive agriculture of the day At any time
that I can serve the farmers by giving information by meeting
with them in theirclubs aid d cussing the knotty problems which
confront us and the best plans for their solution I will cheerfully
15311 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
do so Before closing permit me to urge upon you the necessity for
the changes which I have suggested We must increase the pro
ductive power of our lands as far as possible by renovating crops
and by judicious use of fertilizers reduce the cotton acreage and
make at home everything which is needed for the support of the
farm We have the promise of bountiful crops and we will never
have a better opportunity than is given to us just now to inaugurate
these needed reforms R T Nesbltt
Commissioner
TOBACCO CUTTING AND CURING
The season for cutting and curing tobicco having arrived we give a brief
outline of that work What we have to say on this subject does not apply
to the new process of gathering the leaves as they ripen on the stalk as those
who have gone into the business on a large enough scale to warrant erect
ing Snow bams and adopting this method usually have in their employ experts
who are familiar with the work Also in these reports this method has been
fully given
The proper time at which to do this work is to be determined by the
color when the leaves change from a dark green to a pale yellowish green
This usually takes place about six weeks after the plants have been topped
The cutting is done by placing the knife on top of the stalk and splitting it
down about half way without injuring or removing the leaves The stalk is
then cut off below the bottom leaves and placed upon the ground in such
a way as to leave the stems of the leaves exposed to the sun in order that the
plant may wilt and be in a proper condition for handling As soon as this
takes place the plants are ready to be placed upon the sticks which are gen
erally of pine riven threefourths of an inch by onefourth and four to
five feet long The plants should not be cut early in the morning when lew
is on them for when placed upon the ground they are likely to become dirty
Should the weather be very warm the plants should be closely watched to
prevent sunburning and under such circumstances they should be placed on
the sticks as soon as they are in the proper condition Eight or ten plants
can be placed on each stick which should be stuck up in such a way as to
keep the leaves off the ground In case the weather is favorable it would
be well to place the sticks on scaffolds in the field that curing may be com
menced by the sun for by reducing the sap in this way the curing process
in the barn will be materially aided Should the weather be damp or windy
the tobacco should be removed immediately to the barn
154AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 15
In the October report of last year wdl be found a cbscription of the Snow
barn and in a subsequent report a description of the old log barn which fur
nish the two methods of curing by artificial heat On the proper curing more
than any other one thing in the management of a tobacco crop depends the
price which it will bring in the market The following from the bulletin of
the Alabama experiment station gives a concise statement of the process of
curing English shipping and bright yellow tobaco under old methods
For dark English shipping when the tobacco barn has been filled with to
bacco and the wood prepared and it is best to have a mixture of green and
seasoned wood start the fires and commence with moderate fire and increase
gradually and in three or four days the tobacco will be sufficiently cured as
to require onlv occasional firing during damp days or rainy days or in the
morning for a few hours
When the fire is started it should be kept up day and night until the pro
cess of curing is finished Dark heavy shipping tobacco is now much cured
with flues as with the flues you get the heat without the smoke and get rid
of the objection raised against the smoke taste of the tobacco and run less
risk in curing than with the open fires
FOB CURING BRIGHT TOBACCO
As soon as possible after the tobacco is cut place it in the house and after
vanning the leaves two or three hours to a temperature of about ninety de
grees increase the heat up to one hundred and twentyfive degrees as high
as it will bear without scalding the tobacco letting the heat remain at one
hundred and twentyfive degrees only a few minutes and then by drawing
the fires and turning the dampers cut off the heat and let the temperature of
the house descend to ninety degrees
SUN CURED TOBACCO
If the crop is too thick and of coarse texture and not strictly suitable for
bright yellow it will be wise to cure it sweet
For this purpose erect scaffolds at or close by the barn and place the to
bacco on it as soon as it is cut and hauled from the field This i3 important
from the fact that after the tobacco is cut it should not be caught in the rain
during the process of suncuring If rain is expected put it in the barn let
ting it remain there until all danger of getting wet is past and then replace it
on the scaffold until it is well cured by the sun and then place it in the barn
and regulate it on the tier poles Tobacco cured by this method usually sells
well if properly managed and is highly valued by manufacturers for making
a flue article of chewing tobacco
In the next report the work to be done on tobacco during the winter months
will be given
155SPECIAL Cl
FOURT
RCULAR No 5
H SERIES
Questions for September Crop Report 1592
Returnable September 1st 1892
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga August 19th 1892
Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so
as to reach this office by the first day of September
AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with
which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at
any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an
averlge it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below
the standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10
pTcent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari
sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which
you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not
SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county
use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi
mate estimate leave the space blank
Thanking you for previous reports I am
Very respectfully
R T NESBITT
Commissioner of AgricultureI COTTONCompared with an average
per ct
2 CORN
per ct
3 RICE
per ct
4 SUGAR CANE
pcr et
o S POTATOES
per ct
6 touacco
per ct
7 What casualties have affected the cotton crap
B Number ot stock hogs compared to last yearper ct
9 Condition of stock hogs compared with an average per ctREMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES
Sign Name Here
County Post Office Circular No 5
Fotrth Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1892
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SEP J 1892
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture I
Atlanta Ga September i 1892 JT
GENERAL REMARKS
While some features of the agricultural prospect as shown by
the table presented in this report are encouraging the condition of
the cotton market and the promise of a small yield per acre of
this crop has had a depressing and disheartening effect upon our
farmers
COTTON
The gathering of this crop has begun in many parts of the State
and we desire to again call the attention of the farmers to the im
portance of saving their crop in as fine a condition as possible The
tendency of the market seems to be to widen the difference between
the low and high grades and render it imperative that care should
be taken to gather and keep the staple in as fine a condition as pos
sible Year before last large quantities of cotton were left for
months exposed to the weather and when thrown on the market
sold far below the price that would have been obtained had it
been properly sheltered
While all other crops have suffered but little from weather con
ditions the continued rains have been very damaging to cotton
especially in Southwestern Georgia where the crop shows a falling
off of eight points and the general average is reduced in that section
from seventynine to seventyone A more exhaustive review of
the situation as to this crop will be found in the monthly talk of
the Commissioner
CORN
Notwithstanding the fact that on the lowlands this crop has been
injured by the excessive rains the general condition throughout
1572 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
the State is fine in some sections the crop showing one hundred
Indeed a fine yield of all food and stock feed crops for the year
may be considered assured
HOGS
The condition and number of stock hogs in the State is hardly
up to the average and cholera in many localities is reported by cor
respondents
TOBACCO
In some of the tobacco growing counties and where experiments
are being conducted damage was done by the rains However cor
respondents report that the yield will be large
a a a la O S3
JZ
i i gl gss
3 52 3 H
a J to
s
M t J
P a o
a o 0 3 o3 Si
u so O SB U OS O C8
r a D A
o o e 0 fa o 3
o o a u O
D O 55 O
83 92 93 94
81i 99 97 98j 100
71 151 99
79 100J 98 99 98
7 100 92
State 97 95i 98
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksCotton improving since last report Corn not so good
BartowRains retarding fodderpulling cotton going to weed
Plowing for wheat pushed while land is in order
CatoosaGrowth of cotton retarded in spring by dry weather and
injured in July and August by wet weather Season favorable for
potatoes Cholera has destroyed many hogs in this county
ChattoogaCorn on upland good on bottcrtn land drowned out
and worthless Cotton shedding badly on account of too much
rain
CherokeeWe are having general rains at this time which is a
help to corn but injurious to cotton
158SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1Si
3
CobbBoth corn and cotton have been badly injured by the wet
weather Farmers have been unable to work their crops properly
on account of the rains Should the wet weather continue cotton
will be still further damaged as it is shedding badly
DadeWheat and oats have been all threshed out and were ex
ceedingly good Corn promises a fine yield
DawsonNot much cotton planted in our county corn promises
a better yield than shown by last report In some localities hard
rains have left the ground packed and rendered an average crop
impossible
FanninRain in the last few days has helped the condition of
corn Some cholera among hogs
FloydCotton is late we had too much rain in June followed
by drought and are again having too much rain March planting
of upland corn is very good but the rain has injured all low lands
The large area planted in this crop will makeup a sufficient supply
Forsyth Corn hasheen greatly damaged the present month fod
der burning up
FranklinUpland corn is generally good low bottom an entire
failure Cotton crop in this section will be the least for years The
weed is small and shedding forms The acreage has been reduced
one quarter and if this is followed throughout the cotton States
the price of cotton will go up
GordonOwing to wet weather in June and July we have more
grassy fields than usual Corn is perhaps safe but there is no telling
about cotton
OwinnettLowland corn badly damaged by rain and overflow
in the last ten days Cotton shed fruit from dry hot weather from
the 1st to 15th of August Caterpillars in cotton first discovered on
August 21st so far have appeared in only a few fields it is feared
by farmers that they will be bad In some parts of the county rust
has injured cotton to some extent An unusual area has been
planted in peas potatoes and sorghum cane
HaberxhamHogs are not as a rule doing well nearly every
farmer has some that are sick and a few of them die Doesnt ap
pear to be as fatal as cholera
HullThere is some improvement in bottomland corn since last
report Tobacco was injured by the very warm weather causing
the under leaves to fall off Cotton has shed its fruit badly corn
fired badly Farmers will plant large fall crops turnips etc
HnralsonBoth cotton and corn have been damaged from a four
159DEPARTMENT OK AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
weeks drouth late com in particular We arc having good rains
for the last ten days good prospect for turnip crop
HartWe have had a good season the last ten days but too late
to benefit the crops to a great extent but will assist
JacksonOwing to the drouth cotton has been cut off some
Bottom land corn has greatly improved upland corn was about
made before the drouth set in Peas sown after wheat have not
done well
LumpkinCorn greatly improved by the recent rains not much
cotton planted in this county
MadisonThe cotton crop in this county is damaged on a large
part of the crops the leaves have parched up Corn planted in
March is uninjured late corn a total failure bottom corn good
MiltonWheat threshing is now over and the crop averaged 10
bushels per acre 1 M lavis made bushels on 4 acres J B
Bradwell made o7A bushels on 1 acre and 115 bushels on 5 acres
S L Rucker made 82 bushels on 1 acre and B R Devour made
70 bushels on 2 acres Corn and cotton both injured to some ex
tent by wet weather in July and dry weather first of August
PaiddingThe farmers have bought fifty per cent less supplies
this year than in twenty years and arc making a great effort to
get out of debt A good price forcotton would put them in a good
condition
PickensCorn will not ear well owing to extreme wet weather
followed by extreme heat Cotton is late small and poorly fruited
Tobacco and sweet potatoes doing well The farmers have availed
themselves of the line opportunity and season for sowing turnips
Polk Drouth following the wet season has injured the cotton
crop
RabunThe corn crop has been cut off in some parts of tic
county by the poor seasons drouth following the wet weather
While the growth is comparatively good there will be no ear
WalkerWeather wet bail time to save fodder
WhileCrops are failing to represent an average The tobacco
crop lacks at least forty per cent of yielding the amount that it
promised sixty days ago Fine weather tor turnips Corn has
been damaged twentyfive percent
GilmirCorn potatoes and other vegetable badly injured by con
tinued dry weather Hogs dying with cholera
MurrayToo much rain for cotton going too much to wei d
crop ten or fifteen days late Hog cholera prevalent in several parts
of the countySEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinAre having too much rain for cotton causing it t rust
and throw off also making it impossible to make good fodder
and sweet clean cured hay The crops are very spotted red lands
having splendid crops and sandy and gray lands poor
BibbThere is not as much cotton planted as usual hut it is
very good There is a little rust but it does not amount to much
ButtsThe excessive wet weather has materially injured the
cotton crop and has been very bad for saving fodder very little
good fodder having been saved The hay crop is very fine if we
have good weather farmers can supplement the short crop of fodder
with hay
CampbellThe excessive rains have proven detrimental to most
crops Fruit lias rotted badly and has been worth very little Cot
ton has rust on all gray land and a yellow cast on all land is shed
ding about all of the late forms seems that nothing but grown bolls
will make anything Too wet for fodder pulling Cotton begin
ning to open
CarrollRecent excessive rains have caused cotton to throw off
many forms consequently there will be no late crop Corn lias
improved ten points since our last report Potatoes extra good
A good crop of Crab grass hay will be saved this season Fodder
pulling is under full headway
ClarkeThe long continued drouth coming as it did imme
diately after the excessive rains of June and a part of July has
cut off crops very materially throughout this section Fodder
pulling now in progress
ClaytonCotton owingto excessive rains is not good on Hat gray
land but on broken land and especially red it is better some rust
on gravT land but little injury from worms Present prospect for
peas very fine Outlook for grass and forage good Potatoes and
turnips fine up to the present
ColumbiaThe late cotton on clay land has stood the excessive
hot sun and is doing finely The older cotton is considerably
scorched has only a July crop of bolls which is opening very fast
Corn is ten per cent better than last year and with the increased
acreage will be decidedly the largest crop for years There has been
a large quantity of peas and corn planted in stubble land
DatalasCotton was doing well up to the first of August since
that time it has rained nearly every day consequently all the
August crop has been thrown off and only the July crop remains
161DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
GreeneOn account of the continued rains there will not be more
than threefourths of the fodder crop gathered and a large part of
that in a damaged condition But the hay crop in the Bermuda
section of our county bids fair to be fine Red land crops above
an average gray not so good The cotton has been injured in some
sections by the drouth and excessive heat
HarrisFarmers have had very unfavorable weather for harvest
ing their fodder We have had rain nearly every day for three
weeks Pastures good hogs and cattle in fine condition Peas
promise a good crop
HeardWe have had rain in this county nearly every day for
six weeks Cotton is running too much to weed and is throwing
off forms Fodder is burning up on the stalk upland corn is the
best for years sorghum cane is good and a large acreage Some
grass in cotton Cattle and work animals in fine condition Hogs
are healthy and the prospect for home raised meat good
HenryNo fodder of good quality saved on account of excessive
rains Forward cotton shed badly and late cotton is poorly fruited
crabgrass fine
Jasper Cotton is comparatively large but heavy rains all the
month of July to a large extent hurt the fruiting
JonesCotton has been badly damaged by the rust and is now
opening very fast Com has been cut off by the two extremes first
too dry and then too wet
LincolnThesuperabundance of rain in July followed by hot
dry winds in August has knocked off the middle crop on cotton in
some places one half and seriously injured young corn A third of
the cotton crop is gone The dry weather in August has been favor
able for gathering corn fodder
McDuffieCotton rusted on all gray lands Corn peas potatoes
and sugar cane very fine
MonroeToo much rain for cotton but it has benefited corn and
potatoes
MorganLarge numbers of hogs have died and are dying with
the cholera Hay in abundance
NewtonExcessive rains caused cotton to shed badly The com
crop where it has been well worked is very fine Farmers have had
time to save fodder some lost all a great deal badly damaged
OglethorpeCotton in some parts of the county has been seriously
injured by the drouth other parts of the county have had plenty
of rain and are looking well There will be a good crop of corn made
162SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892
in this county more planted than for several years Cotton begin
ning to open
PikeToo much rain for cotton and late corn corn on sandy soil
considerably damaged Hay is very promising best pea crop in
ten years
PutmanFarmers are awaking to the necessity of planting more
wheat and oats There is a larger area in peas this year than since
the war which will go a longways towards supplementing the corn
crop
RochdaleGenerally speaking the people are trying harder this
year to raise their own meat and bread than in years The exces
sive hot weather cut off the cotton crop
TalbotThe cotton crop of this county is at least 30 per cent short
if not more In sandy soil it is caused by rust and scald from the
rains followed by hot weather Late cotton promises much better
than early The corn crop is hardly up to an average but more
will be made as the area has been largely increased
TroupCorn crop is the best for several years Cotton crop not
well fruited having shed very badly
UpsonThe rains still continue causing almost a complete loss
of corn fodder The cotton prospect is unfavorable caused by wet
and rust though late planting is still taking on some fruit
WaltonThe late rains have injured the crops to some extent
The season for fodder pulling has been very unfavorable Upland
corn good lowland drowned out
WilkesCotton has been injured by intense heat and a want of
rain at the most critical period of the plants development
SOUTHWESTERN GEORGIA
BakerIt has rained almost every since the 20th of June Cotton
weed is large sappy and has but little fruit Wet weather has in
terfered with cultivation and the crop is very grassy not over 60
per cent of last years crop will be gathered Corn peas potatoes
and sugar cane are good Tobacco badly injured and experiment
discouraged
BerrienToo much rain for the past sixty days for tobacco cotton
shedding Corn not damaged rice fine
BrooksThis will be the shortest short staple cotton crop ever gath
ered in this county due in a great measure to wet weather Long
cotton doing well has not suffered from any cause and has not
been attacked by boll worms We pick cotton between showers and
samples verv poor
163DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CalkounSince the first of July so much rain has fallen that
crops have heen greatly injured by the grass numbers of small
farms will not make over two bales of cotton to the plow Plenty of
corn will be made Sugar cane doing well Picking slow on ac
count of rain and a few bales have been marketed
ClayToo much rain has been fatal to the cotton crop A great
deal of corn has rotted in the field and it is not well filled out
This year fair returns have been received for melons
CrawfordThe rains have damaged cotton on all lands cannot
possibly make a full crop opening rapidly on account of rust Peas
and potatoes fine some fodder ruined by wet weather Fruit crop
fine what cotton has opened is badly damaged
DecaturA months rain has injured the saving and curing of
this countys large crop of Cuban tobacco Cotton acreage less
than last year and crop very poor corn larger acreage and very good
crop Some stalks are rotting and the corn falling off Rice fine
crop the condition of cotton is due to the rains
DoolyCotton on all low or even level land 4s very poor
caused by excessive rain and its consequences shedding lack of cul
tivation black rot or rust as it is called Lands rolling enough to
shed off water have better crops and red lands better than gray
The yield of corn will be fine
EarlyWe are having continued rains from which cotton has
suffered very much producing rust Corn crop fair Groundpeas
good
HoustonRust grass and wet weather have greatly damaged the
cotton crop in this and adjoining counties Corn is made and is
the best crop in years Peas potatoes and sugar cane are fine
LeeToo much rain for cotton Crown bolls rotting badly and
the young fruit shedding This county will not produce twothirds
of last years crop Some corn damaged also Pair crop of fodder
Peas good
MaconOwing to excessive rains the cotton crop has been in
jured by grass and lack of work and the outlook for a large yield is
not satisfactory More corn has been made than there has been in
several years as a larger acreage has been planted Fine prospect
for peas and late crops
MiirinnWet weather rust and boll worms have injured cotton
On account of rain farmers have almost lost their crops of fodder
and what was saved is badly damaged Corn crop will not be so
good as anticipated
164SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT182
MillerThe poorest cotton crop ever made in this county Very
dry in spring rain all summer and with rain every day now cotton
rotting in the field
QuitmanThis year has been unusually unfavorable for cotton
Cotton planted from 1st to 15th of April owing to dry weather did
not come up until June After that time excessive rains have pro
duced growth of weed with but little fruit Sugar cane and all fall
crops are fine Corn the best for years Very little cotton picked
on account of weather
RandolphThe condition of cotton has improved since the last
report but we are now having heavy rains which are doing serious
damage to open cotton About one fourth of the crop is open
SteioartThis county will make an abundance of breadstuff and
stock feed Excessive rains have resulted in great injury to the
cotton crop
SumterThe heaviest rains of the season have fallen during the
past week and cotton is being damaged by rotting etc Closer ex
amination gives corn more shuck and puts the crop about an
average Late melons a total failure Sugar cane rice and sweet
potatoes doing well
TaylorCotton was injured by wet weather followed by extreme
heat
Terrell We have recently had entirely too much rain for cotton
On sandy land it has dropped all its leaves and is perfectly bare
except a few bolls
ThomasRain rain rain it comes in torrents destroying to
bacco and cotton and materially injuring corn in the field
WebsterFarmers are very much disheartened at the low price of
cotton and the very poor crop We are progressing slowly with
gathering owing to the wet weather
WorthThis county will make but little over a half crop of cot
ton on account of the injury resulting from the rains All crops
have been injured to some extent except rice
ColquittA large percent of the cotton crop is open Very little
has been picked or can be so continuous are the rains Much of it
has been blown out of the bolls by heavy winds
EAST GEORGIA
BullochToo much rain Cotton shedding badly
BurkeCotton was injured in the effort to get out the grass after
the wet season The weed is large enough but it is very poorly
fruited and seems about done making Farmers are very much
10510
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
discouraged as merchants will not cooperate with them in the
efforts to diversify their crops
DodgeToo much rain caused cotton to shed
EmariueLFodder has been gathered and cotton is opening rap
idly Peas are fine and the prospect for a good forage crop splen
did Stock of all kinds in good condition The hornfly has been
raging in some localities
GlascockA considerable portion of the county was without rain
for about five weeks in July and August and in this part of the
county not more than a half crop will be made Balance of the
county had plenty of rain but was injured by the extreme hot
weather following it
JeffersonTobacco is grown to a considerable extent in this
county this year and it is said to be as promising as any raised in
North Carolina Barns have been built and we have experts from
Virginia to superintend the curing If the drying and other pro
cess is as satisfactory as the present outlook tobacco will be exten
sively planted another season Cotton has been injured by the rust
it is opening very rapidly and will be harvested by the 15th of Octo
ber The corn crop is very fine
JohnsonThe open cotton has been damaged by the heavy rains
Corn has matured and is very good The pea crop has never been
better If cholera does not strike the hogs there will be more meat
killed this fall than for a number of years
LaurensThe heavy rains through July caused cotton to shed
its forms and since then it has had the rust anil is very poor
MontgomeryThe condition of cotton has fallen oft very much
since the last report some fields will not make a half crop owing to
rains and rust Late corn has suffered for work Nothing pays in this
part of the State like diversifying crops and the people are begin
ning to find it out Grass is beginning to attract attention the
success of those who have tried it has encouraged others
PulaskiCotton badly damaged by rust and shedding resulting
from excessive rain Peas and groundpeas promise a good crop
RichmondCotton opening rapidly Rust in many places Corn
croop good A large quantity of peas sown Too wet this season
for melons
StrivenFarmers seem comparatively well satisfied with the
yield promised but very much dissatisfied with the low price to be
obtained
TattnallCotton injured by too much rain producing rust Cane
potatoes etc doing finely
166SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892
11
TwiggsCotton unusual development of weed without corre
sponding fruit We have had too much rain and too little sunshine
WashingtonThe latter part of July was dry and the tempera
ture too high for cotton causing the plant to shed its fruit Farm
ers discouraged over prospective prices Sandy land cotton rusted
badly
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
ApplingCotton has suffered from rust
CamdenHeavy rains may effect harvesting of rice crop but no
injury so far
CharltonDrouth in spring and wet weather in July and August
injured cotton Hay crop good
ClinchA fine corn crop made and fodder well saved Cotton
has suffered from too much rain which caused it to shed and die
CoffeeOwing to the dry spring the stand of cotton was late and
imperfect and recent rains have caused it to drop its fruit Sugar
cane stand good and in good condition Corn up to an average
EffinghamCotton damaged by wet weather following drouth
Other crops good Farmers paying more attention to hay than
usual
ChathamHave had daily rains to insure a good hay crop set
tled fair weather for a week or two will see the crop cut and saved
Everything points to a big crop of fall Irish potatoes and cabbage
Rice now being harvested
Glynn Corn crop exceedingly fine
PierceSince last report the condition of cotton has fallen off
Sugar cane is late and should we have an early fall will be short
and sappy The corn crop is safe and fodder saved Stock in
good condition
WareRain has changed cotton very much in this section
MONTHLY TALK WITH FARMERS
Since the last months crop report was issued the excessive rains
in many localities and particularly along the water courses have
worked incalculable injury to the growing crops and that which
at one time was an exceptionally fine prospect has been materially
injured This condition is more marked on the bottom lands and
in a large portion of the cotton belt the
COTTON
on the light gray sandy lands has the appearance of having been
scalded and rust which is now general has destroyed all hope of
167VI
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
any further growth or maturity of fruit In the lower portion of
the State the heavy rains comiug just at the critical fruiting sea
son have shortened this crop very materially A shortage of one
third in the fertilizers used and in many cases the inability or fail
ure of farmers to cultivate their crops as rapidly and as thoroughly
as their condition demanded is another cause for the unpromising
prospect as to fruiting The weed is small everywhere but on stiff
lands where fertilized and well worked at the proper time is well
fruited But a general survey of the crop throughout the State in
dicates a large reduction of the yield in the present crop But how
ever great this reduction the large surplus from last years crop
which is yet on hand seems to still exert a depressing influence on
the market Never in fifty years has the price of cotton opened so
low and the fact that our chief money crop is produced at a heavy
loss has not only impaired the credit of the producer hut has to a
great extent paralyzed his energies and many farmers are casting
about for some other employment by which they hope to bring re
lief to themselves and their families While our farmers are
cramped and there is
A FEELING OF UNREST
apparent over the entire country there is another class of our citi
zens as sensibly affected andbut for the careful methods and busi
ness sagacity of many of our merchants in dealing with these per
plexing problems they too would today be in a condition as dis
tressing as that of the farmer Many of these are however con
ducting their business on a credit basis their credit based on our
main staple crop and when this crop is selling below the cost of
production they must necessarily bear their proportion of the gen
eral suffering
Since the war we have pursued a false system of farming which
looked only to immediate results without regard to the future
building up of our lands As long as the price of cotton was fairly
above the cost of production this system inured to the benefit of
the merchant because it enabled him to sell to the shortsighted
fanner the supplies which he ought to have raised at home
In return the merchant secured the cotton crop which would al
ways command the cash when put upon the market It is true
that in isolated cases farmers have by this plan made money but it
is only where very large yields have been secured and where great
energy and ability to control labor have been demonstrated Some
fanners have better business qualifications than others and as with
iesSEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892
13
merchants their qualifications enable them to succeed where their
less astute and enterprising neighbor would fail But no matter
what a mans qualifications he cannot successfully conduct a busi
ness on credit at a high rate of interest where no margin is left for
losses which are liable to occur The average merchant fails under
such circumstances Is it surprising 4hat the average farmer goes
to the wall when it is conceded that he pays a higher rate of interest
than men engaged in other pursuits because he has to borrow for a
longer time and that his profits are as a rule smaller in proportion
to the capital and labor invested
BETTER METHODS
and a new and wide awake farm policy are the imperative needs of
the time We raise seventyfive per cent of all the cotton made in
the world and only oneseventh of this crop is manufactured in
this country Is it not most important that we should consider
carefully the markets of the old world and determine what pro
portion of our lands we can safely and profitably devote to cotton
For the past few years production has so far outstripped the de
mands of trade that we arc now confronted with its consequences
in a condition of affairs alarming to every one who desires the pros
peritv of the South and the success of her great agricultural indus
try The low price of cotton is sensibly felt in all our main centers
of trade because every other occupation rests upon the great foun
dation stoneagriculture and when that is undermined the whole
structure is in danger The experience of the past quarter of a
century clearly indicates that we must make radical changes in our
farm managementhomeraised supplies diversity of crops and a
determination to build up and improve our lands 1st by fewer
acres in crops requiring clean culture 2d by a large area in rye
and other small grain crops following these with peas and these in
turn by our standard crops This plan will insure a supply of
vegetable matter in the soil to be utilized by subsequent corn and
cotton crops prevents washing and leaching and gives the land a
rest from the exhausting processes under which it has suffered so
many years Diversity should be the slogan from one end of this
land to the otherdiversity of crops diversity of pursuits etc Our
large crops of cotton have not only injured our lands but have
heavily taxed our resources brain and credit and muscle and to
compute our losses would require no ordinary calculation In the
last season alone the Southern farmers lost over one hundred
millions
16914
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOHt1 A
And it has become a proverb that every man who handles cotton
realizes more on it than the farmer who produces it To illustrate
Great Britain imported 213000000 worth of raw cotton manufact
ured and sold 310447210 worth of goodsmore than one hun
dred millions profitbesides keeping enough cotton goods at home
to supply the wants of forty millions of inhabitants Had the
South manufactured even her share of this amount how much
money would have been kept at home put in circulation and
finally sought permanent investment within her borders The
factories would have given employment to a class of our people
who are averse and unaccustomed to a country life would have
opened up markets for products which under the present system
are often wasted on the farm and the thousands of bushels of fruit
and vegetables which have been allowed to decay for want of a mar
ket would now be converted into cash and in the farmers pocket
There is no estimating the possibilities of our section when the
energy and intelligence of our people become diverted from the
old and unsatisfactory channels into which they have run for the
past third of a century
The lumber industry is a very important one and represents
nearly as much capital as cotton Even under present conditions
the grain product is worth more than our cotton but onethird of
the gross value of our cotton crop goes to the West to purchase
breadstuffs In the last two months over 82000000 pounds of
meat have been shipped to the South from Chicago alone repre
senting over 8000000 which ought to have been kept at home
OTHER PAYING INDUSTRIES
When a proper knowledge of the land best suited of the most
approved methods for planting cultivating curing and marketing
tobacco shall have been thoroughly mastered and intelligently ap
plied we will have a crop that pays a larger dividend per acre than
any crop we now cultivate and I trust it will be only a few years
before our enterprising farmers will be enjoying the fruits of this
new industry
Another industry which has proven most profitable to the
Northern farmer is the
MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE
It has been demonstrated beyond a doubt that at the South we
can produce and l less cost the finest of cream cheese and with
cold storage convenient it can be preserved indefinitely A smaller
170SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892
15
quantity of milk is required here to produce a pound of cheese
than in the State of Ohio and when our cheap lands better oppor
tunities for keeping cattle and shorter winters are considered we
will I hope soon see this new field of profitable employment thor
oughly worked At the Experiment Station at Griffin this in
dustry is being thoroughty tested and there is now being conducted
there in daily operation a successful
CHEESE FACTORY
Any man in the State who feels an interest in this question and
is desirous of studying all its details will be welcomed at the Ex
periment Farm and in thirty days a competent man can gain such
an insight into correct methods as will enable him to manage a fac
tory for himself and neighbors He of course pays his traveling
expenses and board for that time
Heretofore in keeping any considerable number of cows the
great difficulty the farmer has encountered has been the want of a
ready and convenient market for the surplus milk But if we can
sell our milk as it is brought from the barns or can convert it into
cheese and can find a ready sale for this product in our nearest
towns or in our country neighborhoods it will give an impetus to
stockraising solve the manure and grass questions and start our
people on a line of work heretofore considered impracticable in
this section An outlay of 20000 or 30000 will purchase the
necessary outfit for a cheese factory Let neighborhoods get to
gether and erect these cheese factories In the hands of intelligent
and enterprising business men they will develop and expand in
in every community resources entirely unknown now
Let us remember that a new era is upon us labor is becoming
each year more unreliable and the results of this labor less remun
erative To meet these changes we will be compelled to change
our present plan of farming We must ascertain by careful inves
tigation and experiment what plan what crop best suits our sur
roundings and opportunities study thoroughly every detail relating
to its preparation cultivation and housing and profiting by past ex
perience let us avoid the mistakes which have well nigh wrecked
us We are just awakening to the fact that we know very little
about caring for our lands It is only after witnessing the results
obtained by intensive methods that we gain a just or proper idea
of what is meant by manuring We need a larger amount of
coarser manures to mix with our commercial fertilizers When
17116
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
these coarse manures can he sown broadcast and a grain crop
sown followed by peas the land will be in such condition that the
application of a moderate amount of fertilizers will produce crops
which will astonish and delight the farmer who tries the experi
ment Let us make as far as possible these needed changes in our
own immediate surroundings These little ripples in the big ocean
of progress will spread until entire neighborhoods will be affected
by the waves of improvement until our red hills will he clothed
in verdure and millions saved to the South
Now is the time to sow your patches of rye and barley Dont
be afraid of too much manure Lay it on bountifully and after
the land has been thoroughly and deeply broken sow your seed
Remember that
PREPARATION IS AS IMPORTANT AS MANURING
and if you wish good returns you must break deeply and harrow
until your land is in fine tilth These crops insure green food for
both cattle and stock and mean an abundance of rich milk and but
ter and sleek and healthy animals Very little is accomplished in
this world in any occupation without laborious work and the farmer
will rind that he is no exception to this rule if he makes a success
of his business Energy brains and application will accomplish
almost any desired result Will my fellowfarmers follow the lead
of those pioneers who are now reaping the benefit of their improved
methods
I will lie pleased to receive the views of farmers throughout the
State on any and every line pertaining to our interest How many
farmers have resolved to make their meat at
ionic How many
intend to change the ruinous policy of risking their entire interest
in one crop How many intend to improve their lands How
many arc making permanent pastures Let me hear from you
my friends and let us have a genuine awakening throughout our
State We will never have a better opportunity to make the
change therefore let us make it intelligently let us make it sys
tematically 1 T Nesbitt
Commissioner of Agriculture
172SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 6
FOURTH SERIES
Qaestiens fer October drop Report 1592
Returnable October 1st 1892
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga September 19th 1892
Deak SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so
as to reach this office by the first day of October
AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with
which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at
any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an
average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below
these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 percent better or TO
per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari
sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which
you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not
SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county
use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi
mate estimate leave the space blank
Thanking you for previous reports I am
Very respectfully
R T NESBITT
Commissioner of AgricultureFrom present indication what will be the total yield in your county com
pared with an average total yield of the following Crops
1 COTTON
per ct
2 CORN
per ct
3 RICE
per ct
4 SITrARCANE
per ct
S S POTATOKS
per ct
0 TOHACCO
per ct
7 Prospect of Pork compared with last year
per ctREMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES
Sign Name Here
County Post Office Circular No 6
Fourth Series j
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1892
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OCT 1 1892
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture 1
Atlanta Ga October 6 1892
GENERAL REMARKS
The present report beng predicted largely on the yield from gathered or
partly gathered acreage looses much of the uncertainty that attends es mate
based alone upon conditions existing earlier in the season The previoTre
ports by correspondents for this year are substantiated by the maturing crop8
in nearly every instance The decline in indication of the yield of si
crops is due to the fact that the injuries resulting from unfavorable seasons
were of such a character that the extent of the damage could hardly be esti
mated until later in the season y
COTTON
In this our staple crop the one upon which we depend to supply our
wants outside of what we are able to raise on the farm is shown the mos
marked decline Excessive wet weather followed by drouth and this droTh
again followed by excessive wet weather has been the prevailing character of
he season Such weather condition resulted in shedding and casting o
fruit and in rust and rot The full extent of the damage done was difficult o
determmafon during the early months as much of the crop presents a fine
appearance as to weed but with maturing shows but little fruit with sTll
and lightly filled bolls From many of the counties especially those Wed
n Southwest Georgia comes the report that the vield in those counties of
that secton will be the poorest ever known When we consider the fact tha
this is a great cotton producing portion of our state the outlook for a large
yield is anything but flattering And when we note the unsatisfactory condi
tions and discouraging reports from all over the state with the great reduction
in acreage and m the use of commercial fertilizers we can safely predict S
iTyear willTe PrdUCed S Sma a
If the decreased yield promised was the result alone of a reduction in the
acreage we would have much cause for congratulation and as it is the grati
lying reduction that was made will do much toward lessening the total yield
173 2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The recent report from the New Orleans cotton exchange shows that the re
ceipts so far this year are smaller than those of any year since 1888 This in
dicates that the reports on acreage sent out by the heads of the agricultural de
partments of the various cotton states are correct also that the crop has suf
fered from unfavorable seasons in all the states The decrease in promised
yield is making itself felt in the market notwithstanding the enormous sur
plus carried over from last year and under this influence the price has already
advanced threefourths of a cent from the low price of the summer months
That supply and demand govern our great product like all other products
is emphasized by this advance and it brings pointedly before the farmers that
if they want a remunerative price for their cotton the yield must be reduced
by cutting down the acreage so that a small crop will be the result of favor
able and unfavorable seasons Speculation undoubtedly influences the daily
fluctuations of the market and may at times depress it or give it an unnatural
impetus but compared by decades the story is one of increased production
and decreased price In the monthly talk of the Commissioner will be found
tabulated statement of the number of bales produced and the value of the
crops for several years which gives a comprehensive view of the whole
matter The world it would seem has about 400000000 to pay for its cotton
clothing This sum the cotton growers will receive whether the crop be a
large or a small one It is to be hoped that the present upward tendency of
the market will continue until such figures are reached that cotton may be
made at a profit While the crop is backward yet nearly all of it will be
ready for market at an early date for while the first bolls that mature are ten
days or two weeks late yet as there is but little August fruit upon the plants
nearly all the bolls will soon be open and ready for picking This may
operate against the farmer by causing a too rapid marketing and a temporary
decline in price But holding as we do the solution of the situation within
our grasp we should not feel too much discouraged if we cannot right the re
sults of two years overproduction by the discretion of one year Diversified
crops renovated lands and a yield of our money crop within the demands of
the worlds consumption means to the South agricultural independence and
profit
Taught by the bkter results of overpreduction we trust that our farmers
are now preparing and putting in large crops of small grain and that next
year will see a large increase in the yield of these crops
CORN
The large yield per acre promised by the reports on this crop will hardly
be fully realized In many counties the crop will be above an average and
the falling off is due almost entirely to the damage to lowland Horn excessive
wet weather Throughout the state the acreage has been largely increased
and the total yield will be greater than for a number of years
The prospect of pork for this year is not so good as that for last year
Where hogs have remained free from cholera their condition is perhaps better
174OCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 3
than last year but more localities have suffered from the ravages of this dis
ease this year than last thus reducing the general average
TABLE
The following table gives the present indication of the total yield of corn
and cotton compared with an average total yield in the state by section
O
o
O
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
State
7b
73
60
71
69
71
90
98
95
99
98
96
175DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
MONTHLY TALK WITH THE FARMERS
The results of our labor for the present season will soon be known and
whether satisfactory or the reverse cannot now be changed However this
may be a careful review of the years work noting and studying the causes
which have led to either success or failurewill gradually aid us in our prepa
rations for another season By applying the knowledge gained from our ex
perience of the past year we maybe able to improve upon our successes and
even glean benefit from our mistakes
THE FARMER AS WELL AS OTHERS MUST STUDY TO SUCCEED
In these busy rushing days of rapid transit electric cars telegraphs and
telephones the farmer who would succeed must avail himself of every oppor
tunity watch the markets watch every chance and be willing to accept every
reliable guide which points him to better methods Many thinking farmers
now realize that
MILLIONS HAVE BEEN LOST TO THE SOUTH
by ignorance and carelessness and many are applying themselves heart head
and hand to the task of redeeming our land from the curse and the conse
quences of the onecrop systemthat gigantic mistake which has wellnigh
ruined us They realize too that this is a progressive age and that the un
thinking slothful fanner will necessarily be left hopelessly in the background
Relegating the political questions of the hour to the rear let us calmly survey
AGHICUITlJiAL SURROUNDINGS
How many advantages we have of the situation soil and climate and how
lightly even indifferently we have valued them That we have followed
mistaken agricultural methods these scarred and worn hillsides bear mute
witness That we are confronted by the gravest agricultural problems no
thinking man will deny
Producing as we do 75 per cent of the worlds supply of cotton and thus
holding in our grasp the key to the solution of our difficulties why is it that
WE ARE NOT ENJOYING THE PROSPERITY
to which this monopoly entitles us Why is that this immense crop which
should make us rich has brought only poverty alike to the producer and to
the soil So much has been said and I have already written so repeatedly on
this subject that I almost hesitate to address you again on a question which
has been so exhaustively treated But when I look around over my own state
and contemplate the condition of our farmers and their lands and realize that
the same destructive policy which has brought but disappointment and pov
erty may be continued I caunot remain silent and I feel that I cannot repeat
too often or urge with too much emphasis that until we can come down to L
176OCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 5
LEGITIMATE SYSTEM OP AGRICULTURE
a selfsupporting system we cannot expect anything more substantial in the
future than we have gained in the past We are straining every nerve and
exhausting every resource to produce a crop of cotton onethird
THE GROSS VALUE
of which goes to the north and west for breadstuffs alone None of this is for
meat for which we also spend millions of dollars Suppose onethird of the
land devoted to the production of cotton the past season had been put in food
crops and crops on which to fatten hogs we would now have an abundance of
everything to supply our home demand and instead of a crop of 9000000 bales
at 6i cents we would have had a crop of 6000000 worth anywhere from 10
to 15 cents That I am right in this is proven by the recent jump in the price
of cotton following immediately upon the unfavorable reports from the cotton
fields which point with certainty to a short crop
The following figures also give the same conclusion
No Acres Planted Bales Value
186667 6000000 2233000 297810000
187071 8500000 4347000 330000000
18808116000000 6600000 356000000
18909120000000 8500000 429000000
18919223000000 9000000 333000000
I have submitted these figures for your careful consideration They show
that we have added immensely to our cotton acreage which means also addi
tional guano meat and supply bills They also show that while we have more
than doubled our cotton crop in twenty years the price has been reduced
more than 100 per cent Turn which way we will there is no escape from the
stern realities of these facts
Let every man who reads this article ponder well over this question
Around our firesides let us discuss these grave problems which are to affect
the happiness prosperity and future usefulness of coming generations Dont
get disgusted and say you have heard this advice until you are tired of it
The hope of the state the stability of our home institutions turn at last upon
whether we make our farms selfsustaining and at the same time improve our
lands At a meeting of farmers last winter the following language was used
Some are fighting the wolf from the door while the wife and little ones are
poorly clad and the latter growing up without education Nearly all the mules
and horses are mortgaged and a spirit of unrest pervades our entire agricult
ural community This lamentable condition confronts the town as well as
the country If the latter dies from poverty a speedy dissolution of the former
is inevitable
We are to solve a condition not a theory Reduced to its last analysis it
can be summed up in this sentence Waste of time money and energy in
the overproduction of cotton and the underproduction of all the necessaries
of life
1776 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Teach this doctrine diligently to your children Talk of it when you sit in
your house and when you walk by the way when you lie down and you rise
up bind it for a sign upon your hand and write it upon the post of your
house and on your gates and carry out its principles in your farm manage
ment
But you say we are in debt Tell us how to pay out and save something
We answer not by the planting of large crops of cotton but by reducing the
acreage increasing the yield per acre and at the same time planting an abund
ance of food crops Make terms with your creditor give him everything
you can possibly spare get him then to exercise a generous forbearancehis
prosperity and yours are bound together by undissoluble ties Having done
this with Gods help in dispensing the early and the later rains and the exer
cise of brain and energy we can confidently look forward to a brighter future
Go where you will and show me the man who gives his farm his individual
attention who makes the raising of food supplies his first consideration cal
culates carefully the cost of his different crops considers the needs of his
land as well as the plant food which his soil and cultivated crops require cul
tivates intelligently and markets with care and I will show you a contented
individual a man thoroughly in love with his government his section his
neighborhood Is not this end worth striving for
LET US AT ONCE MAKE ARRANGEMENTS TO SOW FULL SMALL GRAIN CROPS
This will not only save our lands from washing during the winter but will
leave it in so much better condition to receive and produce other crops The
very fact of broadcasting the fertilizer introduces the true system of manur
ing We will never permanently improve our lands while we continue to
fertilize in the drill and depend on one crop to meet all our wants
dont put off sowing the grain
Late sowing and hurried preparation are among the chief drawbacks to our
RAISING HOGS
has become so uncommon that where a fanner succeeds in making enough
meat for home use he is remarkably lucky I have called your attention
to the importance of this question in previous talks If onethird of our gross
cotton crop that is over 100000000 goes for breadstuffs alone what must be
the amount sent to the West for meat
TO RAISE HOGS SUCCESSFULLY
We must give them the same regular attention and feed that we give to
our horses give to them protection in bad weather keep them in uniform
condition not first fat and then poor keep them free from vermin by the use
of kerosene as shown in this report Give each hog every week a teaspoonful
of beaten copperas let them have access to pure water and my word for it
you will have sweet meat and lard and plenty of it
R T XESBITr
CommissionerOCTOBER CROP REPORT1892
CLIPPINGS CONTAINING VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS
The valuable clippings in this report are taken from the exchanges which
come to the agricultural department and their suggestions if followed will
be worth money to the farmers In view of the growing interest in the dairy
and its products the following suggestions are especially appropriate
R T N
DAIRY HYGIENE
IMPORTANCE OF MILK BUTTEK AND CHEESE AS FOOD PRODUCTS
In the care the feed and housing of cows is where the foundation of realy
fine dairy products must always be laid If the proper conditions exist here
they will be very apt to be followed up by the like proper and necessary con
ditions all the way through but unless there is such a foundation no future
exercise of skill or careful manipulation can effect the finest products
If these are all right and every dairyman knows what that means without
a categorical statement the next thing that demands attention is the care of
milk from the time it is drawn and up through all the processes of manufact
ure All eements of uncleanliness must be carefully excluded from the
milk and from all utensils of the dairy not only because they are objectionable
in themselves but because they promote fermentation and decay Every point
about the dairy shoud be so constantly clean and well cared for that the
owner would at all times take pride in showing a customer around and with
the full confidence that an inspection would add to the good opinion formerly
entertained
Not only are these products often of inferior quality but at times they
become actually dangerous as articles of human food
The reason given for exercising this extreme cleanliness is that it is now
known that all the changes of decomposition in the milk from healthful ani
mals are due to the introduction into the milk after it is drawn from the cow
of low forms of life These germs cause souring make the milk ropy blue
etc Milk drawn absolutely clean into chemically clean vessels and then
sealed will remain sweet indefinitely
THE STABLE
1 This should be warm dry well ventilated well lighted but without
drafts or cold air Dryness sunlight and fresh air are as necessary in a stable
to maintain vigor of cattle as in a human habitation Shutters with movable
slats which will darken the stable while still permitting the circulation of air
are very desirable for summer use
2 The stable should be kept scrupulously clean if firstclass dairy prod
ucts are desired and abundance of straw or sawdust or dried peat and even
of dry earth may be necessary to absorb all of the liquid excreta the effort
being to absorb this at once
179DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
3 As disinfectants and purifiers of air in stables a frequent use of white
wash on the walls and wood work and of ground plaster sprinkled over the
floor is necessary By the frequent use of whitewash and plaster we may
keep the air of a stable sweet and pure The mangers should be kept thor
oughly clean They should be frequently washed out with strong salt and
water otherwise mold will grow in them especially in the corners This
mold taken into the stomach may produce inflammation of that organ and it
is also possible that it may produce the disease known as lump jawInde
pendent
GOOD DAIRY MAXIMS
It is better to have a cow that will give you 300 pounds o butter a year for
five years and then die on your hands than to have one that will give you 200
pound a year for ten years and then give you 1500 pounds of old cow beef
It is better to have a heifer calf grow lank and potbellied but thrifty than
one that keeps as fat as a seal
It is better to feed a cow every ounce of food she has the ability to take care
of than to try and gain profit by saving feed
It is better to teach the cows gentleness than to saw off their horns
It is better to pay 5000 for a registered bull calf than to have a grade bull
given you
1 Cows fed moderately on cotton seed the year round never die of mur
rain
2 Equal parts of mutton suet and kerosene oil will cure caked bag in cows
Apply warm
Denmark has for the past twentyfive years spent 50000 annually in the
maintenance of dairy schools As a result of this training of the dairy maids
the butter of the country has improved in quality so greatly within twenty
years that Denmarks exports of butter have increased from 2100000 to 13
000000 per year
1 To spend every surplus dollar in an endeavor to make your land reach
the highest possible state of fertility and in improving your breeds of stock
will pay you the surest and best interest
2 Stock of all kinds from a colt mule steer heifer lamb kid and pig
should never be allowed to shrink in flesh from the time they are dropped
until they are matured for market To adhere to this rule would save the
South several millions of money annually that is now wasted
Much of the success of the dairy depends upon the manner in which the
milking is done The udder teats and flank should be washed with luke
warm water and rubbed dry with a towel before milking not only to remove
the filth that may have got on there when lying down in the barn or yard
but to remove the perspiration which will form a sort of scale or dandruff
there and which will rub off in milking and falling into the pail gives a
strong cowy odor to the milk This washing also softens the udder and
teats making the labor of milking much less
It is a good idea to give a feed of grain before beginning to milk Many
cows will stand more quietly and give down their milk more freely while
eating
ISOOCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 9
The milking should be done rapidly taking care however not to exert too
much strength in closing the hand so as to bruise the teats or to thrust the
hand against the udder It should proceed steadily until finished If the an
imal is uneasy work more cautiously but do not give up nor get in a passion
with her
When the milk is drawn it should be taken out of the stable at once and
put where it will not be exposed to any foul odors even to the breath of the
cattle The strong smell so often noticed in the milk is usually due either
to the fine particles of dust from the udder or to the lack of ventilation in
the stables and a neglect to remove the milk at once If not to be traced to
either of these it may be found that the cow herself is in a feverish condition
from some cause and has imparted the taste to the milk while yet undrawn
If the milk is of that sort in which the cream rises rapidly it should be
strained at once
Cattle are as much benefited by daily grooming as are horses but it should
be done with a gentle hand
If farmers will break up any rich basins or other good lands that they are
not cultivating from first of May till loth of June harrow well and smooth
and save the splendid native hay that will come up spontaneously they will
not have so many poor scrub cattle or mules and will luxuriate on rich milk
and butter during the cold months of winter
GEORGIA HAY
Mr Culpepper further stated that cattle and horses would forsake the
western hay for the sweeter and more nutritious hay cut and cured from our
native grasses
His statement is in accord with the experience of nany of this section not
ably Mr S P Salter a stock raiser of long and large experience both in this
section and in the blue grass regions of Kentucky Mr Salters statement to
the effect that our native grass cut and cured made the best hay in the world
was at first received with a grain or two of salt until actual experience had
demonstrated that he was evidently correct There is an almost unlimited de
mand for hay in Albany at this season and our farmers could cut and cure a
larger quantity and they could dispose of it at remunerative prices
Some planters manifest a disposition to cut and cure more hay while others
are disinclined to cut the grasses from their lands under the impression that
it impoverishes the soil It certainly will impoverish soil unless it is gener
ously fertilized But that is the key to the situation in this country We
rely too much on the unstimulated production of the soil The soil is suscep
tible of the highest cultivation and the more generously it is fertilized the
larger in proportion will be the yield and the profitsAlbany News
The greatest need of the farmers of today is information in their calling
To supply this want they should take and read agricultural journals and from
them drink in that which would enrich their minds their fields their gran
aries their pockets Their families would grow up more wise more useful
and society would be vastly benefited and agricultural resources would be
developed at a more rapid and profitable rate
18110
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Every farmer should produce as near as possible on his farm all supplies
for his family and stock also fertilizers to maintain the fertility of his soils
The time has come when farmers must be more observing more thoughtful
and more determined to understand their own surroundings that they may
make the best use of everything within their reach When they will do this
success will no longer be a question
Our most nonproductive lands which have grown up in sedge grass and
been abandoned as worthless can be made to produce a good average crop of
cotton or corn the first year at little expense In the fall with a good turning
plow and rolling colter turn under the sedge grass and other green matter
and let it remain so all winter The grass will all be rotted by spring and the
actions of the frosts and rains will pulverize the worst turf lands then by re
bedding and the use of a cutaway or some other improved harrow you are
ready for planting and will not be troubled with grass I have tried it and
have been eminently successful
FARM MANURES
THE FARMER DEFRAUDS HIMSELF
The average farmer cleaves to the ideas of his ancestors and feeds out his
winter supply alike to his mixed herd equally surprised if this one gaius or
that one loses He does not feed grain because he cannot afford to buy it
and he will not raise it because he can buy it cheaper His animals are sim
ply machines for converting crops into fertilizers Instead of keeping a few
at a profit he keeps many at a loss But whatever our calling in life we
should always be ready to lift a hand against this ruinous practice With the
means at our command better things are expected of us than simply to fol
low the footsteps of our fathers Economy in feeding is the great study of
today and if we do not contribute our individual support to its solution re
proach will fall on our own heads

Study to make manutekeep such a class of farm animals as will best
convert all course fodder with the least a mount of grain into manure Would
it not be more profitable to feed out that hay stalk or straw stack than to
sell it In computing the value of barnyard manure iew take into consid
eration the humus matter w Inch most farms need as badly as the chemical
ingredients
Farmers as a rule are not careful enough in the saving of manures too
many lose almost entirely the liquids which are worth quite as much as the
solids and the solid manure is often permitted to heat and burn to an
extent that deprives it of half the nitrogen it contains Horse manure which
has the liquid mixed with it will very surely burn so as to injure it if noth
182OCTOBER CROP REPORT1892
11
ing be mixed with it The best and the most available material to use for an
absorbent is fine dry muck not wet muck but well dried It should be dug
out several years before used and to make it fine and dry it should be spread
on dry land say two or three feet thick and the plow and cultivator run over
it often enough to prevent the growth of grass or weeds When it gets fine
and dry it should be put under cover where it will be handy to the cattle and
where it will be perfectly dry With such material at hand the farmer can
save all of the waste materials of both the house and barn that have in them
the elements of plant food It requires but a very small quantity of this
material to absorb the liquids of the farm or to prevent the escape of ammo
nia But when the farmer attempts to prevent waste by carting to his barn
yard large quantities of green muck he makes a great mistake for it will not
absorb the liquids and it to a considerable extent injures the solids first by
delaying composition when applied to the soil and second by filling the soil
with an acid that is in a state to injure rather than benefit plant growth
THE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AMERICA
An expert of the Powell irrigation survey claims that the irrigable lands of
the Central West now wholly barren will make eight states like Indiana
This statement is depressing agriculture in the North Indiana now makes
71400000 bushels of corn and 48828000 bushels of wheat Duplicate that
eight times over and you will understand what a burden of overproduction of
corn and wheat the farmers of the North and West will labor under Already
in many parts of the West corn is burned as fuel because it cannot be sold at
cost Let the incoming tide of foreign farmers occupy the immense unsettled
tractfurnishing eight times the arable lands of Indianalet them go to rais
ing corn and wheat and it is easy to see what the result will be
How different is it with the farmers of the South Here we have a monop
oly of the best money crop that is grown from the soil A territory fifty times
the size of Indiana may be added to our farm area but it does not increase
one pound the yield of cotton This is the Southern farmers monopoly
The South will and must remain the worlds supply for staple Twenty years
ago the foreign supply of cotton was nearly equal to the American supply
But the foreign supply has decreased 2000000 bales and the American supply
has increased 4000000 bales Egypt Brazil India Russianone of these can
compete with the Southern States of America in supplying the world with
cotton It is our monopoly It is wdiat God gave us when he intended that
these states we all love so well should come into our inheritance at last even
though they come through travail and sorrow
This method of treatment for smut in wheat and oats is worth 1000000 to
the farmers of Michigan and in proportion to the crop is valuable in Georgia
It is taken from Bulletin No 87 of the Michigan Experiment Station
METHOD OF TREATMENT FOR SMUT IN WHEAT
Have two kettles of water not more than two feet apart Kettle No 1
should contain warm water from 110 degress to 130 degrees Fahrenheit The
water in kettle No 2 should be heated to 135 degrees Fahrenheit The first
18312
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
is for the purpose of warming the seed preparatory to dipping them into the
second Unless this precaution is taken it will be difficult to keep the water
in the second vessel at the proper temperature The seed to be treated
should be placed in a sack that will allow the water to pass through readily a
coarse gunny sack is good According to the size of the kettle the sack may
contain from onehalf to one bushel A less amount will make the process
slow and a larger amount will be unwieldy and some of the kernels may
escape treatment Dip the wheat into kettle No 1 lifting it out and plunging
it in two or three times This process will take but a minute or so Now dip
it into the second kettle with water at 134 or 135 degrees keep the wheat well
stirred Perhaps there is no better way than to lift it out and plunge it in
several times This should be continued ten or fifteen minutes according to
the temperature of the water and then spread out to dry A second person
should regulate the temperature of the water and do nothing else i Probably
it will be found best to have a fire under kettle No 2 sufficient to raise the
water to 145 degrees or 150 degrees Fahrenheit and then add cold water to re
duce it to 134 degrees or 135 degrees Fahrenheit when the seed is put in
If at the end of ten minutes the temperature of the water has not been re
duced below 133 degrees the seed should be removed and dipped into cold
water If below 133 degraes Fahrenheit it should be left in fifteen minutes
or even longer if the temperature should fall below 130 degrees
FOR SMUT IN OATS
The treatment is essentially the same for oats except that the temperature of
the water in kettle No 2 should be 136 degrees or 140 degrees Fahrenheit when
the oats are put in If at the end of ten minutes the temperature is not below
135 degrees the oats should be removed and dipped into cold water if below
135 degrees they should be left in fifteen minutes or even longer if the tem
perature falls below 135 degrees Fahrenheit When taken out dip in cold
water
The hundreds of experiments conducted in Kansa Indiana and other ex
periment stations with treated and untreated seed sown side by side have
shown the practical value of this method
Professor Swingle and Professor Arthur tell me that the farmers who have
tried it in Kansas and Indiana are enthusiastic in its favor Had all the
farmers of Michigan treated their seed last spring there would have been
saved to the state more than a million of dollars The farmers who raised
twenty acres of oats with straw promising fifty bushels per acre received only
fortyfive In other words the farmer loses one hundred bushels of oats This
is a low estimate For in no case where farmers actually counted the smutted
stalks did the per cent fall below 8 and in many cases it reached 20
The loss on the college farm this year will not be less than 350 bushels The
cost of treating is very slight compared with the damage done by the smut
Four persons a boy and a girl to regulate the temperature of the water one man
to do the dipping and another to prepare the grain for dipping and spreading
it to dry can easily treat enough seed in a day and a half to sow twentv acres
One man and a boy can heat enough for ten acres in one day The kettles
184OCTOBER CROP REPORT1892
13
and tank of cold water should be arranged on one side of a post equally distant
from it in the following manner
One end of a pole should be fastened to the post The sack can be tied to
the pole so that it will come directly over the kettles as the man at the end
of the pole swings it from one to the other This will be found a very con
venient way for lifting and plunging the seed to secure thorough treatment
The farmer who treats his seed will save several times the cost of treatment
the first year
KEEPING SWEET POTATOES
The failures many farmers make in keeping sweet potatoes through the
winter is because they let them get too hot when first dug and afterwards
allow them to be chilled by coldboth conditions being fatal to the sweet
potato
1 Dig the potatoes at the right time We believe it is just as erroneous to
dig an unripe potato for keeping as it is to pull an unripe ear of corn for
planting purposes It is best to dig just after the first killing frost if the
potatoes are ripe They are generally ripe about that time Examine them
and if upon breaking some of them the wound turns to a dark or bluish color
they are not ripe and it will not do to dig them But if a milky substance
runs from the wound and dries over it they are ripe and should be dug
2 Dont let the potatoes get wet either by rain or dew after they have been
dug
3 Smooth off the ground where you wish to locate the bank Put a layer
of cornstalks on the smooth surface as thickly as you can and croslay with
another layer of stalks Spread over the stalks about four inches of pine
straw or any other kind of straw Next nail together four planks or boardp
forming a hollow Bore holes in each side of this tolerably thick stand it on
end in the center of the straw and pile the potatoes around it Put a layer of
straw over the potatoes and a layer of cornstalks setting on ends over it
Cover the stalks with dirt spading it from close around the bank thereby
forming a ditch to turn the water from the potatos Be sure to let the top
end of the boards extend a little above the top of the bank Leave the top
open until a rain or cold snap comes then cover with a piece of plank until
the weather moderates This hollow furnishes a channel through which air
can readily reach the potatoes all around the center and should be kept open
as much as possible while the weather is moderately cool but as winter
approaches it should be kept closed Potatoes always go through a sweat
after being banked and air distributed through them is very essential
FARMERS AND FAILURES
Pin up two facts to be considered when you are discouraged There are
fewer business failures among farmers than among any other class more men
begin without capital and become owners of a good business in farming than
in any other vocation
There is one part of the farm that is not benefited by drainages that is
the manure heap
18514
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REMEDIES FOR CHOLERA IN HOGS
A correspondent of the Ohio Farmer ascribes the immunity of his swine
pens from cholera to the liberal use he makes of wood ashes He does not
think the ashes a cure or positive preventive but his neighbors swine suffered
severely from cholera while his pens were entirely free from the disease
Give bark of the wild cherry tree boiled to a strong liquid decoction with
meal or any food that the hog will eat If he is too sick to eat give a drench
of from half a pint to a pint of the decoction
The cure seems to be quick and effective This remedy given at intervals
of a few months seems to have prevented the disease of hog cholera with me
for several years past I raise to use and sell annually one hundred hogs or
moreJohn P Fort
LICE AND OTHER VERMIN ON HOGS
To keep hogs free from lice and other vermin take your kerosene oil can
and pour a little from the ears all along the back Two or three applications
a year will be sufficient
I always begin heavy feeding early in fall so that my porkers are ready to
kill any time after the middle of November My experience is that most of
the pork lost in the South is that which is killed after the middle of Decem
ber
REMEDIES FOR WARTS AND SORES
To take off small warts from horses and other stock nothing is so good as
caustic I always keep a stick or two on hand Scrape the crust off the wart
and apply every da or two and they will soon disappear
Honey will remove maggots from a sore on stock better than anything
known
KEEPING DRIED FRUIT
China berries put in dried fruit will keep out worms
ONIONS
To make the finest and juiciest onions plant the sets in September and
manure with droppings from hen house Put it on when sets are planted
and again in the spring liberally
186REPORT
Commissioner of Agriculture
STATE OF GEORGIA
Embracing the Years 1891 and 1892
R T NESBITT Commissioner
ATLANTA GEORGIA
GEO W HARBISON State Printer
Franklin Publishing House
1892REPORT
To His Excellency Governor W J Northen
I have the honor of submitting the following report of the
transactions of the Department of Agriculture for the biennial
period ending September 30 with the exception of that por
tion of the year from September 30 1890 to November 10
1890 embraced in the administration of my predecessor On the
10th of November 1890 I took charge of the Department the
clerical force of which as then constituted consisted of Mr
John O Waddell Assistant Commissioner Mr Will Hender
son Clerk in the Fertilizer Department and Mr Walter De
Wolf The salaries of these officers were as follows
Assistant Commissioner1800 per annum
Fertilizer Clerk 1500
Commissioners Clerk 1200
Mr Waddell and Mr Henderson retired with the former
incumbent and Mr J B Hunnicutt was appointed chief clerk
at an annual salary of 1500 the office of Assistant Com
missioner being abolished and the clerical force reduced to that
extent On November 17th Mr W J Trammell was ap
pointed to a clerkship in the Department and Mr DeWolf
who held over temporarily retired
Since the clerical force was first organized several changes
have been made On September 1 1891 Mr Hunnicutt
resigned and was succeeded by Mr B F Carter at an annual
salary of 1200 On February 12 1891 Mr Trammell re
signed and was succeeded by Mr D B Lester and on the
resignation of Mr Lester on October 1 1891 Mr W H
189DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Joyuer was appointed As now constituted the force at work
in the office of the Department consists of
Benj F Carter clerk salary1200
WH Joyner Commissioners clerk salary 1200
A total redaction in the salaries paid the clerical force of
2100 I trust without detriment to the efficiency of the
service
INSPECTORS OF FERTILIZERS
The Inspectors of Fertilizers were receiving prior to my
administration 1500 each per year should they cover into
the treasury double that amount This I reduced to 1200
believing that amount sufficient compensation for the work
performed In this branch of the department the following
appointments weremade on November 13 1890 W B Jones
of Troup A Oemler of Chatham Randolph Ridgely of Rich
mond and F C Davis of Newton and on the following day
T J Lyon of Bartow and S It Murphey of Harris were
appointed Of the original appointees Messrs Jones Oemler
and Murphy remain in office Mr Ridgley has been succeeded
by Mr S R Fulcher of Burke MrDavis by Mr J M B
Goode of Rockdale and Mr Lyon by Mr W J Trammell of
Cobb who was subsequently succeeded by Mr W W Dews
of Randolph so that the force as now constituted consist of
Mr S R Murphy of Harris Mr S R Fulcher of Burke Dr A
Oemler of Chatham Mr W W Dews of Randolph Mr W B
Jones of Troup and Mr J M B Goode of Rockdale During
the busy season of 1892 I found it necessary to place Mr D
T Paulk of Irwin county on the force for two months as Mr
Murphy by reason of sickness was unable to attend to the
duties of the office This was done by the authority conferred
by the late act governing the inspection of fertilizers
Under the provisions of this act the pay of the inspector
docs not depend on the tonnage inspected as will be seen by
referring to that part of this report relating to the inspection
of fertilizers
190ANNUAL REPORT1892
CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT
On the 10th of November 1890 Dr George F Payne of
Bibb was appointed chemist of this department and in his
report will be found a detailed account of the work accom
plished by that branch of the department
That analysis might be made and returned without delay by
an order the laboratory of the State was located in the capitol
and it is gratifying to note the increased number of analyses
shown by the report of the chemist
GLANDERS
As your Excellency is aware through the Executive Depart
ment and direct to this department many complaints have
been made by letter and in cases of alarm by telegram ol
glanders among stock in the State Our laws make no pro
vision for such cases and through your Excellency I would
respectfully call the attention of the General Assembly to the
necessity of providing some means to suppress and prevent the
spread of this loathsome disease Avithout deeming it proper in
this report to suggest the method When it has been within
the power of the department without too great an expenditure
cases have been investigated but with no power to act beyond
the investigation and with no means at the command of the
department except what has been saved from the general fund
appropriated to the department by economy in other direc
tions I feel that the department is unequipped to handle the
matter and to prevent the spread of the disease now in its in
fancy and in case of an emergency to do what would be nec
essary to prevent a disastrous destruction of our stock So far
a willingness on the part of those who own diseased animals to
destroy them for the benefit of the community has been shown
but should the owner of one affected animal conclude not to
permit it to be killed it is difficult to sayto what extent the
disease might spread
1916 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
At the last session of the General Assembly Mr Chappell
from Laurens county introduced a bill providing for compen
sation when glandered stock was killed but that measure did
not meet with the approval of a majority of the house and
failed to pass Competent veterinarian surgeons are of the
opinion that nearly if not all the cases found iu the State are
brought in by Texas stock and maintaining this view a num
ber of States have enacted quarantine regulations against such
stock requiring its inspection The fact that this disease
not only destroys stock but also endangers human life to my
mind furnishes sufficient argument why legislative action of
some character should be taken Again chronic cases of
glanders may remain in a community for months spreading
many cases of the disease in its acute form without its source
being discovered Such conditions evidently demand an in
vestigation by a surgeon who thoroughly understands his work
SEED
A large quantity of choice field and garden seed bave been
distributed with the view of ascertaining the best varieties for
our soil and climate and to direct the attention of the farmers
to the benefits to be derived from well selected seed
Recently I have been convinced that the seed sent out should
be of a more select character and be confined as to varie
ties With this end in view I have endeavored to direct the
attention of the farmers more especially to small grains to
encourage diversification and to tobacco to ascertain if this
branch of agriculture can be pursued with profit In regard to
the latter the result promises to be gratifying Some parts of
the state as Deeatur county have for a number of years
profitably grown tobacco of the Spanish type but the extent
of this weed has never been sufficiently tested The number
of experimental patches and large areas where tobacco grow
ing is being tried will I believe when the present crop is
gathered and cured show what types are best adapted to the
different sections of our State
192ANNUAL REPORT1892 7
At Tifton Cycloneta and the experiment farm the quantity
and varieties grown with the care taken will furnish very
thorough test With the result I trust of illustrating the fact
that Georgia farmers need not rely on cotton alone as a money
ClOp
LITERATURE
During the first year of my administration in sending out
the work of the department and the report of the condition of
crops I adopted the former custom of the office of sending out
crop supplements to the papers and of distribution in pam
phlet form The former method was expensive and did not
in my opinion reach the farmer in such a shape as to encour
age its reading in many cases the supplement being mislaid
or cast aside when the paper was opened In lieu of this sup
plement I ascertained that the weekly press would be glad to
take the work of the department in plate form These plates
I found could be obtained at about onethird the cost of the old
supplement and would in the press put the work of the de
partment in the hands of as many readers This system was
then adopted saving the department about 200 per month
and giving the work to the public in more readable form
EXPERIMENT STATION
In many quarters complaints have been made against the
Station on the ground that the expenditures were too great
for the amount of good done These complaints are generally
based on the supposition that the fund that supports the Sta
tion is appropriated by the State when in fact it is derived
from the General Government and it does not appear to me
reasonable that any part of our people should wish not to re
ceive or permit the farmers to receive the benefit from an ap
propriation made by the United States As required by law
the essential part of the work of the Station has been repro
duced in the reports of this department That many of these
experiments are valuable there can be no doubt if the results
1938 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
of systematic culture and fertilization of various characters are
of any benefit to the farmer That many are unable to avail
themselves of the benefit of the experiment is doubtless true
but the lessons taught remain the same The Commissioner
of Agriculture is ex officio chairman of the Board of Directors
of the Station The board which is appointed by your Excel
lency is made up of successful farmers from each congressional
district in the State The efforts of these gentlemen have been
to make the Station beneficial to every class of farmers and to
illustrate to our farmers what cau be done in certain branches
of agriculture As the head of the department my voice in
the affairs of the Station is only imperative in case of a
disagreement resulting in a tie between the other directors
but the present policy of conducting the Station has been
agreed upon after general consultation among the directors
The establishment of a dairy and the experiments in tobacco
I especially advocated as tending to show the capabili
ties of Georgia outside of our previous agricultural policy
The line now being pursued will I believe result iu great
benefit and I hope our farmers will endeavor to profit by
the experience of the farm established for their benefit
A word in this report as to the way in which the station was
established may uot be amiss The land was donated by the
people of Spalding county and the State has appropriated
15000 expended principally for improvements of a perma
nent character as the Government appropriation permits only
a small portion of its annual appropriation to be used for that
purpose The ten thousand dollars came out of the fees arising
from the inspection of fertilizers and so was no addition to
the general tax The Station is operated and maintained by
15000 annually set aside by congress for that purpose
THE INSPECTION OF FERTILIZER
The imperative necessity for laws governing the inspection
of commercial fertilizers has been recognized by the legislative
bodies of nearly all the States The first law passed on this
194ANNUAL REPORT1892
subject in Georgia was in 1868 Being of an experimental
character it was inadequate to protest against various frauds
that might be sought to be perpetrated and so framed that the
subsequent large business that developed would have afforded
immense revenue to the officials executing the law Under
this law the inspector or party drawing the sample was at the
same time the chemist making the analysis It was the duty
of these officers when requested to inspect fertilizers at any
point within the State and to furnish certificates of such in
spection It was made unlawful for any person to sell fertilizers
without such certificate of inspection for making which the
inspector received fifty cents a ton The Actcreatiugthis system
provided for no general supervision of the work of the inspec
tors each being an independent officer in that section of the
State in which he was located Naturally therefore when the
Actof 1874creating the Department of Agriculture was passed
the head of this Department was placed in charge of all inspec
tions The use of fertilizers rapidly increasing the necessity
for a change in the law became apparent and to meet this the
Act of 1877 was passed Could this law have been so executed
as to have each shipment inspected the protection would have
been ample but the consumption became so large that inspec
tions in bulk were made to facilitate business These in
spections afforded no sufficient protection as the goods re
maining in the hands of the manufacturer after the sample was
drawn were subject to subsequent adulteration and manipula
tion in which event the analysis of the sample would not
represent the goods sold Recognizing this when I came into
office I endeavored to avoid this class of inspections by passing
an order directing all inspections to be made after the goods
were sacked and ready for shipment With the force at the com
mand of the Department it was found impossible to make all
inspections in this way and that inspections in bulk were un
avoidable that the business might be conducted without delay
Realizing the insufficiency of these inspections I presented a
bill to the last General Assembly which made a radical
19510
DEPARTMENT OF AGRIUULTUREGEORGIA
change iii the system This bill became the law and does I
believe furnish a perfect protection against any ordinary effort
to place spurious goods on the market and renders any class of
fraud almost certain of detection Already under its opera
tion honest errors made by manufacturers in sacking goods
have been discovered and the mistakes rectified to the advan
tage of the farmers
The provisions of the new law are such that the manufact
urer or dealer who sells goods below the State standard
places himself in danger of rendering void all transactions for
the year and of having the State prohibited for subsequent
sales The opportunities and chances for detection are so
great that no dealer or manufacturer would risk the great loss
entailed by discovery of illegitimate sales for the sake of the
benefits that would be derived from fraudulent transactions
The act totally abolishes all inspections in bulk and all inspec
tions are made after the goods leave the hands of the manufact
urer or dealer Briefly stated it provides that all manufact
urers or dealers must register the guaranteed analysis of the
brand of a fertilizer they sell or propose to offer for sale This
guarantee is placed on record in the office and is also branded
on the sack that purchasers may ascertain without difficulty
the standard up to which the goods must come In order to
maintain a high standard the law also requires all ammoniated
goods to contain two per cent of ammonia with a total of
eight per cent of available phosphoric acid and potash To
give furtherprotection and to better enable purchasers by
name and without reference to the guarantee to know
something of the goods purchased I passed an order under
the power conferred by the bill requiring all fertilizers offered
for registration inspection or sale branded as either of the fol
lowing Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dis
solved Bone Ammoniated Guano Guano Fertilizer or in
other words implying that the same is an ammoniated super
phosphate The guaranteed analysis must claim that it con
196ANNUAL REPORT1892
11
tains not less than two per cent of ammonia actual or po
tential
After registration the manufacturer or dealer may order as
many tags as he sees proper specifying upon what brand or
brands they are to be used These tags are now more prop
erly speaking registration tags as they do not signify that the
fertilizer has been actually sampled but only that the condi
tions precedent to selling or offering for sale have been com
plied with When the sales are made it is the duty of the
manufacturer to notify the Department of the number of tons
the name of the consignee and where shipped A failure on
the part of manufacturers to comply with these conditions
renders the sale absolutely void The inspectors are directed
where to make inspections as each sale is recorded in the
office They are also sent out on general trips through the terri
tory assigned them taking samples wherever found and reporting
to the Department the name of the brands with the guaranteed
analysis found on the sack While samples are not taken from
every shipment the fact that a large number are drawn in
every part of the State and the inability of the manufacturer to
tell from what samples analysis will be made upon which de
pends his future business in the State and his collections fur
nishes we believe a perfect safeguard
In regard to the price of fertilizers in the State it is gratify
ing to report that our farmers are able to purchase at as small
cost as in any State in the Union Our tonnage tax is so low
as not to be considered in making the selling price which was
not the case while the tax remained at fifty cents per ton
While the tax is only ten cents per ton it will be seen by the
receipts from this source that a sufficient sum is raised to main
tain the entire inspection system and without taxation pro
tect our farmers from many frauds and impositions Did the
manufacturer add ten cents to every ton of goods sold the
farmers could well afford to pay this small fee to insure him
against adulterated and spurious goods and secure for him
a service that would otherwise cost from ten to fifteen dollars
19712 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
So firmly am I convinced of the necessity of a thorough sys
tem of inspection that were it necessary to support it by gen
eral taxation I believe the State would be compensated by the
amount saved from burdensome litigation that would result
did no such system exist However the present tonnage tax
has proven far better than any other method and supporting
itself adds several thousand dollars annually to the school fund
of the State
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE FERTILIZER DEPART
MENT FOR YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1892
Total amount received for tags23726 25
Salaries 6066 68
Traveling expenses 1469 34
Tags and checks 5827 93
Expressage etc 167 34
Net receipts 10194 9623726 25
Covered in Treasury 6206 35
On hand 3988 6110194 96
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FROM NOVEMBER 10 1890 TO
OCTOBER 1 1891
Total number of tons inspected2987998
Fees collected29 879 9S
Inspection tags 6 476 29
Express charges on tags etc 537 24
Traveling and other expenses of Inspectors 1944 79
Amount covered into Treasury 20701 66
Due from Inspectors 220 00S29 879 98
INSPECTIONS OF OILS
An important change in the law relative to the fees derived
from the inspection of oils has been made since the beginning
of my administration The new law met my approbation and
support as under its operation the State derives a revenue and
the inspectors are fully compensated for the work performed
Prior to this act the inspectors received all the fees collected
from inspections which in the case of inspectors located in
large cities afforded compensation out of proportion to the
work performed now they are limited to 12500 per month
198ANNUAL REPORT1892
13
the remainder being covered into the treasury As inspectors
were term officers who could be removed only for cause
and as present incumbents could not be affected by the change
in 1891 only a few inspectors were required to account for any
part of their fees which explains the great difference between
the revenue from this source in 1891 and in 1892 In full op
eration it is safe to say that the school fund will derive annu
ally from this source 14000 to 15000
The oil companies have apparently willingly complied with
the law objecting only to inspection when oil was stored in
the State for subsequent shipment Believing the law was not
instituted as a method of taxation and a source of revenue but
rather as a police regulation to protect life and property from
explosions which might result from oil in storage as wed as
from oil on sale I directed such oil to be inspected The
opinion of the AttorneyGeneral being requested the question
was submitted to him and his decision rendered that such oils
were subject to inspection Later the matter was carried into
the courts where it is now pending
A number of complaints have been made to the department
in regard to the burning qualities of oil brought into the State
This does not depend on the firetest which may come up to
the highest standard and at the same time the oil fail to be
consumed in such a way as to give a good light
Under my direction Mr Joyner visited Hawkinsville where
a number of complaints had been made to see if it was in the
power of the department to remedy it The samples obtained
were properly tested and it was ascertained that while the fire
test was up to the States standard the specific gravity of the
oil was too sreat for it to be carried up by the wick in suffi
cient quantities to supply the flame The department used the
only power in its command in calling the attention of the com
pany to the poor burning quality of the oil and I am pleased to
state that they consented to reship it and replace it with oil of
a better quality
In the following tables wilt be found a statement of the fees
19914
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
collected by inspectors with the amount covered into the
treasury
OILSRECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES1890 1891
INSPECTORS XO GALS OIL
0 T Rogers Savannah 878337
Thos Hardeman Macon 242747
Jas S Lawton Atlanta 340873
P W Fleming Brunswick 99079
A F Woolley Rome 64115
W H Barrett Augusta 473050
H B Lyle Athens 121587
Pearce House Dalton 12240
V A Wiley Madison 1477
D F Davenport Americus 60488
J R McAfee Dalton 24219
Thos J Lyon Rome 87049
Jno W Nelms Atlanta 807689
JerreHollis Macon 217013
J W Murpbey Columbus 338891
H T Long Darien 1803
3760657
Amount Paid State Treasurer Oct 1 1890 to Oct 1 1891
AMT FEES
4360 47
1205 63
1660 50
667 81
383 59
2365 53
662 61
122 40
13 50
302 44
156 78
438 51
3925 11
1082 5
1697 63
17 50
19112 54
2567 45
OILSRECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES18911892
INSPECTORS NO GALS OIL AMT PEES
O T Rogers Savannah 128530 642 65
Peter Rielly Savannah 1535966 7680 26
W H Barrett Augusta 442936 222116
J W Nelms Atlanta 1163684 5824 79
T J Lyon Rome 114177 570 24
J W Murphy Columbus 347169 1737 24
Jere Hollis Macon 401460 2008 69
P W Fleming Brunswick 152940 764 72
J R Lyle Athens 138793 777 57
J R McAfee Dalton 37056 185 38
D F Davenport Americus 48327 235 53
J C Nisbet Rising Fawn 10123 14 17
W A Wiley Madison 2076 20 00
E E Kimbrough Gainesville 12556 62 74
Z J Odom Albany 7000 35 00
Total amount 4542793 22912 14
Amount paid State Oct 1 1891 to Oct 1 1892 13451 19
200ANNUAL REPORT1892
15
Iii view of the opposition with which the department has
been at times confronted I desire to call your Excellencys
particular attention to the fact that the fees from the inspec
tion of those articles that are under the supervision of this
department are more than ample to meet the entire amount
expended for its support The net receipts from the inspection
of fertilizers after paying all expenses of tags and inspectors it
will be seen were in 1891 and 1892 1019496 from oils
1345119 a total of 2354615 exceeding the salaries of all
the employees of the Department the State Chemist his
assistants and expenses and the general fund appropriated for
the use of the department 324615
The report of the State Chemist for 1891 is not reproduced
in this report and should your Excellency desire to consult it
it can be found in Bulletin 16 of this department In this Bul
letin andin Bulletin 22 appeared tabulated statements of the con
sumption of fertilizers since the department was established
GENEBAL BEV1EW
In giving in this report a general outline of the agricultural
outlook in the State I regret to record that during the two years
of my administration the conditions have been anything but fa
vorable and our farmers have been depressed and disheartened
At no time since the war has the price of our staple crop cot
ton been so low The low price ruling in the market is be
yond question due to overproduction Speculation may at
times have depressed the market or given it an unnatural im
petus but the surplus remaining in the hands of the producer
has been the ruling factor in making prices While crops have
varied one year to another affected by favorable and unfavorable
seasons yet compared by decades the story is one of increased
acreage and production and decreased price In 18667 the total
crop in the United States was 2233000 bales the average price
in New York per pound 31J cents total value 297810000
20116
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
estimated number of acres planted 6291768 In 187071
the total crop was 4347317 bales price in New York 17 cents
per pound value of crop 330775000 number of acres 8666
227 In 188081 the total crop was 6605750 average price in
New York llf cents total value of crop 356525000 acres
planted 16000000 In 189091 total number of bales 8652
000 average price in New York 9 cents total value of crop
429792000 number of acres planted 20000000 The con
sumption during three years as shown by Shepperson was as
follows In 186667 Great Britain 1216000 bales the Conti
nent 314000 bales Northern mills 573000 Southern mills
150000 bales
Four years later in 187071 Great Britain 2368000 the
Continent 800000 Northern mills 1072000 Southern mills
91000 Of this crop 4331000 were taken by manufacto
ries leaving a surplus of only 16000 In 188081 Great
Britains taking was 2882000 bales the Continent 1713000
bales Southern mills 230000 leaving 98000 in the hands of
producers In 189091 Great Britains taking was 3346000
hales the Continent 2446000 bales Northern mills 2027
000 Southern mills 620000 leaving in the hands of pro
ducers 236000 bales
There are many salutary lessons to be learned from these
figures Manufacturers have ransacked the world for consumers
but still a surplus remains on hand untii we find a crop
costing three times as much as one in the earlier days after the
war bringing in the market but little more money at the
same time wasting our land and diverting it from the uses to
which it ought to be devoted
The world it would seem from a review of the figures has
about 400000000 to pay for its cotton clothing and this sum
will be paid as quickly for a crop of five million as for a crop
of eight million It remains then with the cotton growers of
the South whether they will continue to plant at a loss or
taught by facts and figures and by bitter experience so con
duct their farms as to be able to obtain remunerative prices from
202ANNUAL REPOStT1892 17
their money crop The question is one of vital importance
which the heads of Agricultural Departments of cotton States
seem to realize Early in the year Commissioner Godwin of
Tennessee called a meeting of all the Commissioners of Agri
culture at Memphis Tenn that some action might he taken
Personally I was unable to attend on account of previous en
gagement and at my request Mr Felix Corput of Floyd
county represented this Department At the meeting no direct
plan was devised to secure the end desired but I have no doubt
that concert of action in urging a reduction of the acreage em
phasized to our farmers its absolute necessity and brought
prominently before them the imperative demand for selfsustain
ing farms In replying to a letter from Mr Godwin request
ing my views on the situation I dwelt on the importance of
small farms operated by the owner as a means to secure per
manent reduction of the cotton acreage and in my first address
before the State Agricultural Society on this subject I said
Permit me as one of your number who for years floundered
in the pitfalls and sloughs of our agricultural mistakes to sug
gest that we reduce our farms Farming on a large scale de
mands a large financial backing a bank account that will stand
the strain of occasional failure As long as the big plantation
continues with tenants working on shares or rentingby the year
so long will the South be compelled to get her meat and bread
and mules from the West The hope of the South agricultu
rally speaking is in the smaller farms and diversified crops
Is it not better to prepare and cultivate thoroughly fifty acres
than to scratch over a hundred Does it not seem folly to pay
taxes on land that brings a bale to three acres when by a lit
tle more forethought a little more attention to detail and the
same labor we can get a bale from one acre
Let us then reduce the farms cultivate only such lands and
crops as we find profitable encourage immigration get rid of
the tenant system as soon as possible and in its place substi
tute that of small farms This can be done by selling to en
terprising tenants on easy terms much of the land we can not
2 203
Is
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
now cultivate successfully In these bona fide landowners
we will have a class that will soon feel and appreciate all the
attachment which the word home awakens in the human heart
To illustrate contrast France the country of small farms
and small industries shouldering and paying a war deht
which would have staggered stouter hearts and Ireland suffer
ing Ireland at the mercy of alien landlords and with a ten
antry almost without hope
To these views I still adhere believing that superiority of
western lands demands small selfsustaining farms in Georgia
that the fertility of our soil may be restored and the impoverish
ment of land that nearly always follows cultivation at the
hands of those who have no interest in material permanent im
provement may cease Further maintaining that a reduction of
the cotton acreage could far more easily be secured from far
mers asking results from years to come than from tenant far
mers asking results only for tomorrow
To the cotton growers of Georgia and the South Atlantic
States at what price cotton can be raised at a profit in Texas
with its tremendous resources and in the valley of the Missis
sippi with its everproductive soil are questions of greatest
moment for above that it can hardly be hoped that the cot
ton market will go except when swayed by speculation
The enormous increase in acreage is due to the opening up
of these sections and the Georgia farmer will be compelled
to use every energy and husband every resource if he wishes to
cultivate cotton at a profit Every method of fertilization
rotation and cultivation should be carefuly studied with the
end always in view of reducing the cost of making to the low
est possible figure This Department has constantly through
the publications issued called the attention of our fanners
to these things and from authoritative statements of those
in a position to know it can be asserted that there has been
a reduction in the cotton acreage in our State
Similar reports come from other States and I trust that the
result will show that the decrease in the yield this year is due
104ANNUAL REPORT L8P2
19
not alone to the inferior yield but to a cutting down of the
acreage and a realization by tbe southern planters ot the prob
lems that confront them
CONDITION OF COTTON
The reports sent to this Department in regard to the pros
pective yield are of the most gloomy character While insect
pests which have so often damaged the prospect have appeared
in but few localities yet the seasons have been such that a
full yield was impossible Rain and sunshine have been un
equally distributed and excessive wet weather has been fol
lowed by drouth resulting in rust and a poorly fruited crop
CEREALS
The yield of wheat this year has been exceedingly tine and
1 trust that interest may again be revived in this crop In 1882
the acreage sown in wheat was 510000 while in 1891 it was
only 309743
The falling off in acreage was due to constant failures until
many farmers in those portions of the State best adapted to
grain became convinced that wheat could no longer be success
fully grown For years throughout North Georgia a good yield
could nearly always be expected and to whatthe failures of
recent years are due becomes a question of interesting study
OATS
The oat crops of the past two years have been exceedingly
variable the yield being tine in some sections and exceedingly
poor in others
CORN AND FORAGE
Distressed as our farmers have been over the cotton situa
tion it is gratifying to note the large yield of corn and forage
plants last year and assurance of an average yield this year All
over the State an increased acreage is reported and with an
abundance of food for man and beast our farmers should
take heart and with renewed efforts go to work to upbuild
205 LO
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
our homes renew our lands and profiting by former disaster
living on the products of our own soil raise cotton as an
independent crop
TOBACCO
Iii that part of this report relating to seed I have called atten
tion to the interest manifested in tobacco culture To foster
this interest the Department has done every thing in its power
and in its publications issued the best and most improved
methods of cultivation gathering and curing have been given
I have no doubt that a large part of our State is adapted to the
plant and I hope with the requisite experience a number of our
farmers will be able to make this their money crop The suc
cessful growing of tobacco and all the processes necessary to
place it on the market require close business management and
the success of the planter will depend largely on his attention
to the details of the business
HOPS
A number of inquiries have been made at the Department
in regard to hop culture and while some writers have placed
north of latitude 40 degrees as the boundary of its successful
cultivation yet from the yield when grown here for family use
I doubt their correctness Individual experiments are promised
by these inquirers which should they prove successful will
develop a new industry in our agriculture and furnish cmplov
ment for women and irls
R T FESBITT
Commissioner
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
Laboratory of the State Chemist State Capitol
Atlanta Ga Aug 6th 1892
Hon R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture State of Georgia
Dear SirThe location of the State Chemist being required by
you to be in the State capitol upon my appointment in November
1890 my whole laboratory was moved from Macon to Atlanta
206ANNUAL REPORT1892
21
That it was highly important that the State Chemist should he lo
cated in the capitol was recognized by your predecessor in office
who passed an order to that effect but for some reason it was after
wards rescinded I found that no provision whatever had been
made in the arrangement of the building for the work of the State
Chemist The rooms which were available for the work required
flooring work tables shelving furniture water pipes gas pipes and
drainage and of the laboratory said to have been once owned by
the State I found nothing but a lot of dismantled debris Upon
calling attention of the legislature to the condition of affairs they
promptly appropriated 48900 for plumbing flooring and shelving
The amount of work required of the State Chemist of Georgia to
properly protect the farmers in the purchase of fertilizers is larger
in this State than in any other in the Union To accomplish their
work the State Chemists of some of the other States have three and
even four assistants
Appropriations of from five hundred to one thousand dollars a
year were made by the legislature to replenish apparatus and chem
icals until the removal of the work from Atlanta to the State Uni
versity some years ago The work is now about six times as large
as it was at that time and was increased by the last legislature by
the passage of the Calvin and Ellington bills
That one man can do this work in the time required and do it
properly is a physical impossibility This matter was thoroughly
gone over by the last legislature who decided that the State Chemist
should have two assistants at one thousand dollars each per annum
and one thousand dollars to replenish apparatus and chemicals
The State Chemist is not fully reimbursed even by this amount
During the season of 18901891 my assistants salaries amounted to
220600 and replenishing apparatus and chemicals to 126576
These amounts were paid from my own pocket but were afterwards
repaid by an act of the legislature
The analysis of fertilizers is a matter involving many millions of
dollars to farmers and manufacturersand only experienced chemists
can do the work properly 100000 per annum is a salary at which
it is difficult to get proper men
I give my assistants more than this paying the difference out of
my own salary The State not providing a porter 1 also employ
one at my personal expense It is his duty to cleanse the large
20722 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
amount of soiled apparatus which accumulates each day from the
labors of three chemists
The work of no assistant is made use of until I find he is thor
oughly competent by repeated analyses made side by side with my
own Besides this each chemical and solution used in the labora
tory is tested and standardized by myself and every analysis includ
ing those made by the assistants has my close attention and super
vision every figure being gone over personally
The methods of analysis always used are those adopted by the
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of the United States
which are considered the best throughout the world
Fertilizers are sent to me by number only and they are all worked
exactly alike
It is customary in other States and has been the custom in this
for the State Chemist to make occasional analyses for fertilizer man
ufacturers to enable them to compound their goods in the proper
proportions Valuable as such work must be to the manufacturers
I have felt it best to refuse such analyses and all such samples
which come to my office are respectfully referred to other chemists
The season just passed has been an unusual one in the history of
the Department of Agriculture The low prices of cotton and the
financial depression of the country caused an uneasiness and want
of confidence which made dealers slow to make contracts and man
ufacturers but little inclined to sell During the months of Octo
ber and November but few goods were inspected and it was not un
til January that fertilizer manufacturers began to accept the situa
tion and to actively contest for the business The competition be
came so vigorous that cuts in prices were marie in many directions
and the general prices of mixed fertilizers ranged lower than last
season although the crude material used in their manufacture
remained at about last years figures
During the work of this season no sample of goods has been en
countered which fell below the requirements of the States fertilizer
law Last year four such samples were analyzed and their names
published in the bulletins of the Department Last season a num
ber of brands ran below their guarantees on potash and though
from two to five samples were analyzed of each of these goods they
all continued to run low This season there lias been a marked
improvement in potash and guarantees have been admirably sus
208ANNUAL REPORT1892 23
tained These two facts will illustrate the great protection afforded
the farmer by their inspections and analyses
Last yearjthe percentages of ammonia generally ran well above
their guarantees this season there has been a marked tendency to
barely meet guarantees on this valuable ingredient This has prob
ably been caused in the majority of cases by the desire of the man
ufacturers tomeet the reductions in the selling price by a corre
sponding reduction in the cost of manufacture
Although it was not until January that samples began to come
in freely from one to five analysis have been furnished of every fer
tilizer inspected in the State
This work has been completed much sooner than has been custo
mary in spite of the great delay of samples in coming in at the ear
lier part of the season It has only been possible however to ac
complish it thus promptly and thoroughly by the whole force in
my laboratory working two hours after office hours every working
day and including holidays with the exception of Sundays
The number of analyses made during the season were as follows
Acid Phosphate Wl
Acid Phosphate with Ammonia ll
Acid Pnosphate with Potash 52
Acid Phosphates with Ammonia and Potash complete fer
tilizers 621
Potash Suits 28
Cotton Seed Meals 50
hemicals not otherwise enumerated 18
Fertilizers under the Ellington Pill 6
Minerals 256
Mineral Waters
Marls 18
Natural Phosphates
1233
Very respectfully
George F Payne State Chemist
201124
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FISHERIES
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Office of Superintendent of Fisheries
LaGrange Ga Oct 171892
Hon R T Nesbitt Commissioner Agriculture
I herewith submit my eighth biennial report covering the time
since my last report dated Oct 20th 1890 The same regret is
now as then expressed that the very limited appropriation at the
disposal of the department has limited and embarrassed this im
portant work Still it is believed that the best possible use of these
limited means has steadily advanced the work of the Fish Commis
sion and that fish culture now is no longer regarded as an experi
ment but a safe means of cheapening and increasing the food sup
ply The work of the last few years has demonstrated these facts
ShadThe success attending the artificial propagation of shad
during the last decade has been simply remarkable Ten years
ago no shad were found in any river in this State except those emp
tying into the Atlantic ocean but by the artificial methods resorted
to they are now found in all the rivers emptying into the Gulf of
Mexico as well as those emptying into the Atlantic It has been
mentioned in former reports that shad were not found in rivers
emptying into the Gulf until artificially planted
In this connection it may be mentioned that no shad were found
in the rivers emptying into the Pacific till artificially planted a
few years ago I beg leave to submit a statement taken from a
letter of Mr Eugene G Blackford of New York City an eminent
fish culturist long connected with the New York and United
States Fish Commissions
Having returned a few days ago from a twelveweekstrans
continental trip which included the Yosemite Valley and Yellow
stone Park I can say that the most gratifying thing of the whole
journey was to find shad so plentiful in the fish markets of San
Francisco that it was selling at one and onehalf to two cents per
pound at wholesale To find magnificent specimens weighing as
much as fifteen pounds each was something to make a fish culturist
boil over with enthusiasm
Previous to 1880 the shad was an unknown species in the waters
of the Pacific At about that time the late Prof Baird who was
210ANNUAL KEP RT1892
25
then United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries employed
the services of Mr Seth Green Superintendent of the New York
Fish Commission Mr Green took a car load of young shad that
had just been hatched in the Hudson and successfully transported
them across the continent and planted them in the waters of the
Sacramento river The shad multiplied and flourished remarka
bly They are fully equal to our own in flavor and appearance and
are greatly prized by the people
It is also gratifying to find in the same markets splendid speci
mens of striped bass This is another fish that is not indigenous
to the waters of the western coast and the present supply is the
result of placing 1500 small striped bass fry in the waters of the
Pacific a few years ago They were collected by the writer at the
request of the United States Fish Commission They have flour
ished remarkably One was noted that weighed fifteen pounds
which is a great weight considering that they have been in their
present waters so short a time Striped bass sells at fifteen cents
per pound and it is only necessary for the Californian to become
better acquainted with its merits as a table fish when it will sell
for at least the same prices that rule in our own markets
This great success in the establishment of two such valuable
food fish in the waters of the Pacific should convince the most
skeptical of the great value to the country at large of fishculture as
fostered and prosecuted by the United States Fish Commission
During the last two years by the aid of the United States Fish
Commission we have been able to plant many millions of shad
fry in the rivers of Georgia and there is now no difficulty in get
ting abundance of milters and spawners for the purpose of artificial
propagation And as the artificial propagation of shad is no longer
an experiment the Legislature is respectfully asked to make an ap
propriation sufficient to establish a hatchery on a large scale at
some point in the State We should annually plant fifty million
of shad fry in the waters of Georgia and at an expense of onefourth
of one cent to each inhabitant this can be done and it needs no ar
gument to show that it would be the best possible investment to
cheapen the food supply to the people of Georgia
The methods and appliances for such hatchings have wonderfully
improved and cheapened in the last few years so that shad may
now be hatched at an expense of probably not over seven cents per
thousand I have taken occasion in former reports to call to your
211DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
attention to this fact that the geographical distribution of our
rivers is admirably adapted to the propagation of anadromous
migratory fishes and particularly the shad which is wellknown
to be peculiarly adapted to our waters I beg leave here to repro
duce a paragraph from one of said reports
Beginning at the Savannah river which fortunately is under
the exclusive control of Georgia extending westward across the
State we meet in turn the Ogeechee the Oconee and the Ocmul
gee the last two uniting and forming the Altamaha a few miles
from the Atlantic ocean and all these emptying into the same next
the Flint and Chattahoocbee uniting near the extreme limit of the
State and forming the Apalachicola which empties into the Gulf
of Mexico The Chattahoochee from West Point down as far as
Alabama is concerned forms the western boundary of Georgia and
like the Savannah is exclusively under the control of this State
Near West Point this river ceases to be the boundary of this State
but having its headwaters in the extreme northeastern part of the
State among the mountains of that region where it can almost
shake hands with the headwaters of the Savannah it passes diago
nally across the State nearly parallel with the Air Line and Atlanta
and West Point railroads being but a few miles from Gainesville
and Newnan and six or seven miles from Atlanta The Etowah
and Oostanaula with their confluence at the city of Rome by their
numerous ramifications liberally supply Northwest Georgia At
Rome they form the Coosa which empties into the Alabama which
flows finally into the Gulf of Mexico These rivers being so uni
formly distributed over the State and our system of railroads gen
erally crossing then would make the distribution of fish from the
rivers very easy To illustrate a line drawn from Augusta by Ma
con to Columbus would pass through sixteen counties every one
with a single exception touching a railroad
The rivers here alluded to as well as nearly eVery one in the
State have more or less obstructions to the passage of anadromous
fishes to their spawning grounds These obstructions consist in the
main of dams constructed for milling or manufacturing purposes
fortunately science has pointed out a way to keep passage open
without injury to the property invested in such mills or manufac
tories This is done by the construction of fishways over or th rough
such dams or obstructions From very careful observation extend
ing nearly the entire length of the Atlantic coast and 1 may add
212ANNUAL REPORT1892
so much of our coast as rests on the Gulf of Mexico I am satisfied
that the shad is the only anadromous fish with perhaps one or two
exceptions that would be profitable for us to attempt to propagate
There are seven or eight other streams suitable for shad propaga
tion rising in the southern and southeastern parts of the State some
emptying into the Gulf others into the Atlantic ocean and as will
be seen from the following statements nearly if not all have re
ceived plantings of shad
1 am much gratified to be able to state that since my last report
that the catch of shad has very largely increased in nearly all the
rivers of the State I will state that shad have been caught in the
Withlacoochee river near Quitman one of the rivers rising in lower
Georgia and passing through Florida emptying into the Gulf of
Mexico Specimens of them were identified as the true Atlantic
shad During the two years since my last report the United States
Fish Commission has furnished us with 12338450 shad fry which
have been planted at times and places as designated below
STATEMENT SHOWING THE DEPOSITS OF S1LA1 FRY IX THE
WATERS OF GEORGIA BY THE UNITED STATES FISH COM
MISSION DURING THE SEASON OF L891 AND 1892
WATERS STOCK FD
PLACE OF DE
POSIT
NTJMBEB
PLANTED
May 26 1891
May 8 1891
May 9 1891
May 10 1891
May 10 1891
May 10 1891
May 10 1891
April 30 1891
April 30 1891
April 30 1891
May 2 1891
Mav2 1891
May 8 1891
May 7 1891
Mav 19 1892
May 21 1892
Mav 21 1892
Satilla river
Savannah river
Ocmulgee river
Ocklocknee river
Alapaha river
Withlacoochee river
Withlacoochee river
Ocmulgee river
White Water creek
Flint river
Savannah river
Savannah river
Chattahoochee river
Chattahoochee river
Chattahoochee river
Savannah river
Ocmulgee river
Waycross
Augusta
Macon
Ocklocknee
Alapaha
Quitman
Quitman
Macon
Butler
Reynolds
Augusta
Augusta
West Point
Bolton
West Point
Augusta
Macon
285000
300000
239500
700000
540000
513000
513000
931600
558000
558000
785800
785800
946750
637000
1125000
1220000
900000
12338450
It is recommended that the legislature make an appropriation
sufficient to establish a large shad hatchery at some point in the
21328
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
State The only requisite in locality is a sufficiency of water of the
requisite purity as it is now known that shad eggs can be trans
ported long distances from the place of the capture of the milters
and spawners with entire safety to the hatchery
In view of our magnificent system of rivers and the great facili
ties now at the control of fish culturists a proposition of Euclid is
not more easily demonstated than the fact that the State of Georgia
would derive enormous benefits from the use of the appropriation
mentioned
German CarpThis fish has come to Georgia to stay The trial
of over a decade has been quite satisfactory It is estimated that
over five thousand ponds have been stocked in Georgia This has
been largely through the aid of the United States Fish Commission
as well as the planting of many thousands of fry in the open waters
of the State These are increasing rapidly and helping to increase
the food supply Numerous applications are on file in my office
for young carp for stocking fish ponds and as complete drainage is
indispensable for the successful culture of this fish in ponds I will
take this occasion to again call attention to a drainage apparatus
drvised by myself and now used in my ponds as well as in many
others in this and other States The great importance of the sub
ject induces me to introduce the cut and description as heretofore
published
The wood cut represents this simple apparatus that is recom
214ANNUAL REPORT1892
mended a is a wooden box running crosswise through the dam
from the lowest point in the kettle so that it will insure the com
plete emptying of the pond made of heart pine plank being twelve
inches wide and two thick securely nailed together The upright
part b is of the same material and size and joins it at right angles
and of sufficient length to extend some distance above the water
line This is made secure to the horizontal portion and it will be
a great advantage to give the whole a dressing of coal tar The
side of the upright next to the end is left open and narrow strips
are nailed to the uprights on the inside to constitute grooves for the
gate pieces c c c c d is a strainer of wire secured in a frame of the
same size as the gate pieces c When it is desired to empty the pond
remove the highest gate piece c and substitute the strainer
When the water line is lowered to the next gatepiece remove it and
substitute the strainer for it as in the first instance and so on until
the water is drawn down nearly to the collector then the mud can
be removed from the collector the fish dispersing while this is
being done The water can then be drawn off until the fish are
drawn into the collector or kettle when they can be readily re
moved with the dip net when the last gatepiece can be taken out
and the kettle completely emptied The only defect is in making
the gates tight If the water supply is abundant this is of no con
sequence as the leakage would not allow the small fish to pass out
and still might constitute a part of the overflow But if the water
supply is limited this might lower the pond at the time when you
could not afford to loose any water Fortunately this defect can be
easily remedied Prepare a plank of the size of the opening of the
box a let it be green lumber so that it will not swell to prevent its
being withdrawn pass this down along the side of the upright 6
so it will include the opening in a then b can be filled with sawdust
for a foot or two and a little dirt if necessary which will entirely
stop the leakage
Recent advices from the United States Fish Commission informs
us that the commission will furnish us sufficient fry to supply all
applicants also that a limited amount of the Rock Bass a compar
atively new fish it is believed well adapted to our waters will be
furnished
Oyster CultureIn former reports attention has frequently
been called to the subject It is a matter of congratulation that the
legislature took up this subject and passed an oyster law This
21530
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
with some amendments which will be found necessary will be of
great benefit to the State
Califobnia SalmonThe attempt to stock some of the rivers
of this State has resulted in failure The reports from other Fish
Commissioners show the same to be true of all the South Atlantic
States
Brook Tkout A few of the most northern counties may have
water of sufficiently low temperature to propagate this fish but a
careful survey is needed to ascertainif the streams contain the re
quisite food supply
I beg leave to state that I have been under great obligations to
the very efficient Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries of the United
States Col Marshall McDonald and to the railroads of this and
some of the adjoining States for their favors to the Fish Commis
sion of Georgia and to the press for many courtesies
Thanking you for courtesies extended in connection with official
duties by yourself and the gentlemen in your office I am
Very respectfully H H Carv
Superintendent
LIST OF FISH COMMISSIONERS AM OFFICERS UNITED
STATES AND CANADA
REVISED AND CORBECTED AS TAKEN PROM Till FOREST AND STREAM
WITH THE ANNUAL APPROPRIATIONS MADE IN EACH STATE AND nil
TIME OF ESTABLISHING THE COMMISSION
No information from those marked by an
United States
Office Sixth and B streets S W Washington I C
Col Marshall McDonald Commissioner
J W Collins in charge Division of Fisheries
Richard Rathbun in charge Division of Scientific Inquiry
T H Bean Ichthyologist and Editor
J 1 OConnoi Chief Clerk
John Gay Inspector of Stations
George II II Moore Chief of Distribution
Alabama
Col D R Hundley Madison
Hon Charles S G Doster Prattville
Commissioners first appointed 1881
ImAN XI REPORT1892
31
ARIZONA
T W Otis Chairman Prescott
John Howard Prescott
C W Stearns Phenix
250 Commissioner first appointed April 1881
A KK A SSAS
li H Rottaken President Little Rock
J V Calloway Little Rock
Y B Worthen Secretary Little Rock
Commissioners first appointed January 25 1876
LIEORNIA
Joseph Routier President Sacramento
J Downey Harvey San Francisco
5000 Commissioners first appointed April 25 1870
Colorado
Gordon Land Denver
2i0Commissioner first appointed February 7 1887
Connecticut
Dr Win M Hudson Chairman Hartford
James A Bill Lyme
Robert B Chalker Saybrook
The Shellfish Commissioners are Dr Win M Hudson
James A Bill until August 20 1890 George C Waldo
Bridgeport Bryant A Treat Wallingford from August
26 1890
Delaware
Charles H Shubert Odessa
Dr E G Shortlidge Assistant and Superintendent of Hatch
eries Wilmington
Georuia
Hon R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta
Dr II II Cary Superintendent of Fisheries LaGrange
Under the laws of the State these constitute the Hoard of
Fish Commissioners
500By legislative Act 1876 February 29
N K Fairback President Chicago
S P Bartlett Secretary Quincy
Maj George Breuning Centralia
2500Commissioners first appointed May 20 1875
Indiana
Col W T Dennis Richmond
SI 000Commissioner first appointed September 1881
217
IllinoisDEPARTMENT OF AiIICULTUEEGERGIA
IoWA
E I Carlton Spirit Lake
Ole Bjorenson Superintendent
3700Commissioner first appointed March 30 1874
Kansas
John M Brumbraugh Concordia
SI000Commissioner first appointed March 10 1S77
Kentucky
This State is said to have now no Commissioner
Maine
E M Stillwell Bangor
Henry O StanleyDiX field 1 Commissioners of Fish and Game
B W Counce Thomaston Commissioner of Sea and Shore
Fisheries
5000Commissioners first appointed January 1 1867
Maryland
G W Delawder Oakland
Dr E W Humphries Salisbury
10000Commissioners first appointed April 1N74
Massachusetts
E A Brackett Winchester
E H Lathrop Springfield
s5000 Commissioners first appointed May 3 1865
Michigan
Dr J C Parker Grand Rapids
Hoyt Post Detroit
Herschel AVhitaker President Detroit
W D Marks Superintendent Paris
George D Mussey Secretary Detroit
Wm O Butler Jr Detroit
7500Commissioners first appointed April 25 187
Minnesota
Win Bird Fairniount
Niles Carpenter Rushford
Robert Ormsby Sweeney President St Paul
S S Watkins Superintendent AVillow Brook St Paul
Missouri
H Miarlichs Chairman St Joseph
J L Smith Jefferson City
II C West St Louis
A P Campbell Secretary St Joseph
Superintendents Philip Kopplin Jr St Louis Elias
ottrell St Joseph
218ANNUAL REPORT1892
33
EBRASKA
Win L May Fremont
McBride Lincoln
B E Kennedy Omaha
M E OBrien Superintendent South Bend
Nevada
Geo T Mills Carson City
1000 Commissioners Brat appointed August 30 1866
New Hampshire
George W Kiddle Manchester
Elliot B Hodge Plymouth
John B Kimball Marlborough
1QP0Commissioners first appointed August 30 I860
N i Jersey
J R Elkinton Pennsgrove
William Wright Newark
F M Ward Newton
1000 Commissioners first appointed March 29 1870
New York
E G Blaekford President New York
Gen R U Sherman New Hartford
Wm H Bowman Rochester
Henry Burden Troy
A S Joline Tottenville
E G Blaekford Shellfish Commissioner
Superintendents Fred Mather Cold Spring Harbor
Monroe A Green Caledonia James A Marks Adiron
dack
15000 Commissioners first appointed April 22 J868
North Carolina
No commission
Oino
Oregox
Hon C V Osborn President Dayton
John Hofer Bellaire
A C Williams Secretary Chagrin Falls
John H Lair Cincinnati
E D Potter Toledo
L K Buntain Chief Warden Dayton
5000 Commissioners first appointed May 3 187
F C Reed President Clackamas
E P Thompson Portland
R C Campbell Ranier
21934 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Pennsylva VIA
Henry 0 Ford President 524 Walnut street Philadelphia
James V Long 75 Fifth avenue Pittsburg
H C Demuth Secretary Lancaster
8 B Stillwell Scranton
L Streuber Erie
W L Powell Harrisburg
Superintendents John P Craveling Allentovvn William
Butler Corry
7500Commissioners first appointed April TO 1806
Rhode Island
J M K Southwick Newport
Wm P Morton Johnson
Henry T Root Providence
7500Commissioners first appointed in 1868
South Carolina
Hon A P Butler Columbia
Supt of Fisheries first appointed December 23 1878
Tennessee
W W McDowell Memphis
H H Sneed Chattanooga
Fdward D Hicks Nashville
Commissioners first appointed January 10 1877
Utaii
A Milton Musser Salt Lake City
Vermost
F H Atherton Waterbury
Hon Herbert Brainerd St Albans
1000Commissioners first appointed in 1865
Virginia
Dr J Wilkins Bridgetown
2500Commissioners first appointed April 1874
Washington Territory
Albert T Stream North Cove Pacific county
C mmissioner first appointed November 9 1877
West Virginia
C S White President Romney
F J Baxter Treasurer Sutton
James H Milner Secretary Hinton
S500Commissioners first appointed January 1 1877
220ANNUAL REPORT1892
Wisconsin
The Governor exofficio
Philo Dunning President Madison
L Valentine Secretary and Treasurer Janesville
Mark Douglas Melrose
A V H Carpenter Milwaukee n
Calvert Spensley Mineral Point
E S Miner Sturgeon Bay
James Nevin Superintendent Madison
7000Commissioners first appointed March 20 1874
Wyoming Territory
Louis Miller Laramie
750Commissioners first appointed in 1879
Dominion op Canada
Hon John Tilton Deputy Minister of Fisheries Ottawa
Samuel Wilmot Superintendent of Fish Culture Ottawa
Inspectors of Fisheries J R Kinney Yarmouth N S R
C Hockin Pictou N S A C Bertram North Sydney
N S J H Pratt St Andrews N B R C Chapman
Moncton N B D Morrow Oromocto N B E Hackett
Tignish P E I W Wakeham Gaspe Basin P Q Thos
Mowat New Westminister B C Alex McQueen Win
nipeg Manitoba F C Gilchrist Fort Qu Appelle
N W T
Officers in charge of Fish Breeding Establishments Chas
Wilmot Newcastle Ont Wm Parker Sandwich Ont
L N Cattellier Tadoussac Quebec H Davis pro tern
Gaspe Quebec A II Moore Magog Quebec Alex
Mowat Restigouche Quebec A B Wilmot Bedford
N S C A Farquharson Sydney N S Isaac Sheas
green Miramichi N B Chas McClusky Grand Falls
N B Thos Mowat New Westminster B C
Dakota Florida Idaho Louisiana Mississippi and New Mexico
have no fish commissioners
221

5Bulletin No 23
Third Series
SEASON 189293
Commercial Fertilizers
AND
CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Admitted for Sale in the State of
Georgia up to October 1st 1892
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
Hon R T NESBITT
Commissioner op Agriculture
of the State of Georgia
Dr GEORGE F PAYNE State Chemist
ATLANTA GA
GEO W HARRISON State Printer
Franklin Publishing House
1S92VALUATIONS
For Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash for Season of 189192
Available phosphoric acid 4 cents a pound
Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 12 cents a pound
Potash 4 cents a pound
If calculated by units
Available phosphoric acid 80 cents per unit
Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 2 40 cents per unit
Potash 80 cents per unit
The relative commercial value which is given each fertilizer is calculated
from the above figures with an addition to each of 1260 per ton to cover in
spection sacks mixing and handling
To calculate the commercial value of a ton of a given fertilizer bear in mind
that a ton weighs 2000 pounds and one per cent of this is twenty pounds
If a goods contain one per cent of available phosphoric acid this will be twenty
pounds of available phosphoric acid in a ton Twenty pounds of available
phosphoric acid at four cents a pound will be eighty cents for each per cent
contained in a ton or eighty cents per unit as it is generally designated Am
monia being twelve cents a pound each one per cent or twenty pounds in a
ton will be worth 240 As potash is the same value as available phosphoric
acid each per cent in a ton will be worth eighty cents
To illustrate this take a sample containing
Available phosphoric acid1010 multiply by 80 8 08
Ammonia 260 multiply by 240 6 24
Potash 110 multiply by 80 88
Inspection sacks mixing and handling 2 60
Relative commercial value17 80
These valuations were obtained by the most careful investigation and fairly
represent the wholesale cash value of fertilizers in Georgia in those cities
where the goods enter the State or where they are manufactured A great
majority of the number of manufacturers whose prices were used as a basis for
these valuations offer their goods at Savannah for cash at figures which corre
spond with these values Any one buying at a distance from Savannah
should add the freight to that point to obtain its local wholesale cash value
this subtracted from the price charged for the goods will give one a fair idea
of what is charged as profit Goods are sold very close for cash but when sold
on time dealers are compelled to charge full price to cover interest cost of col
lection and bad debts
It is impossible to fix exact values for an entire season upon mercantile
goods subject to the fluctuations of the market hence these values while con
sidered fairly approximate are to be regarded rather as comparative and not
absolute
Georgia is the largest consumer of commercial fertilizers of any State in the
Union Thanks to our well devised fertilizer laws she also secures them at
lower prices than any other State Goods of identical composition and made
2254 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
in one instance of which we are aware in the same factory are sold in the New
England States for 3000 per ton in Tennessee for 2600 per ton and in Geor
gia for 2200 per ton
NEW LEGISLATION IN REGARD TO COMMERCIAL FERTILIZLKS
The last Legislature enacted three important laws bearing upon fertilizing
materials
FirstAn Act to allow farmers to have analyses made of their fertilizers
upon purchase under certain conditions and to cancel their indebtedness in
case of failure of goods to reach their guaranteed analysis This bill is usually
spoken of as the Ellington Bill from the name of the gentleman who intro
duced it into the Senate Analyses under this Act will be found in this bul
letin
Second An Act to provide for tin inspection and analysis of all cotton seed
meals This Act is called the Calvin Bill having been introduced by that
gentleman in the House Analyses under the provisions of this Act will also
be found in this bulletin
ThirdA new general fertilizer law was passed late in the adjourned ses
sion Under its wise provisions it has been possible to make all inspections
of fertilizers after they were sacked and put upon the market This will prove
a great protection to the farmer According to the old system of inspection
goods were inspected in bulk before leaving the factory hi case a manufact
urer was inclined te be unscrupulous an inspector might sometimes be di
rected to a pile of very high grade goods when he had come to inspect a
goods of a much different character It was also considered possible for a dis
honest man to remix his goods after inspection As the law is now carried
out neither of these two things are possible While we trust no manufacturer
was so dishonest as to be guilty ol such practices we can but feel that there
will be less of the occasional complaint that goods with high analyses have
shown no better results than others with low ones This method of inspec
tion in sacks after the goods are distributed over the State is certainly a great
protection to honest manufacturers against those who may have availed them
selves of any of the various schemes to secure higher analyses than their pro
ducts will actually show when caught away from home and forced to stand
upon the analysis of the contents of the branded sack this branded sack
showing just what kind of lmm1s were actually bought by the farmer under
this particular brand
As inspections were not made in bulk this season before the goods left the
factory but after they were distributed throughout the State we have been
naturally considerably delayed in securing samples Heretofore each manu
facturer has been anxious to have an inspector come immediately at the open
ing of the season to inspect his goods as he could not ship until this was
done Besides his goods at the opening of the fertilizer year were well sea
soned and the percentage of valuable ingredients well known from the
analysis of his private chemist Later in tfie year when the first stock is
exhausted hurriedly made goods costing the manufacturer just as much to
make them as the first lot do not always show as good analyses and are conse
quently not so valuable as plant food
226ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 18923 5
The inspectors now take samples wherever they can find the goods sacked
and although this combined with the slowness of some manufacturers to reg
iste probably on account of not fully understanding the new law has caused
some delay yet by diligent and close application to the duties of the depart
ment the work has been fully kept up with during the season
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS
In this Bulletin is published the minimum guaranteed analysis of the man
ufacturers The maximum guaranteed analysis is omitted as being misleading
in some instances the goods not approximating it nor being intended to do
so While this is not true of the majority of brands yet as the maker is only
legally bound by his minimum guarantee no other is given
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS
ADDRESS DELIVERED BY DR G F PAYNE BEFORE THE GEOR
GIA STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AT COTHBERT
GA FEBRUARY 11 1892
Ldies and GentlemenThe subject upon which I have been requestsd to
make a few remarks is one no doubt with which all of the gentlemen present
are more or less familiar and one with which 1 trust the ladies will not get out
of patience and that is commercial fertilizers
From the earliest days of ancient agriculture when the soil was turned with
a crooked stick until the present with its sulky and steam plows has the value
of animal manure been fully recognized
In no countrv has the use of farm yard manure been more fully developed
than in modern France It is a maxim there that no farm can be cultivated
successfully without keeping stock and that stock are a necessary evil Yet
France today turns to chemical manures as her only hope of salvation from the
agricultural depression of the present
With her small holdings of land and the competition of the broad acres of
foreign countries she is studying the matter deeply and treating it as a busi
ness problem which involves securing the most profitable returns for the cap
ital and labor expended
The use of farmyard manure in Georgia today is certainly impracticable on
a large scale nor do I believe that it is in the line of true progress
That eminent French writer and chemist Monsieur Georges Ville who has
probably studied the subject as thoroughly as it has ever been done says that
it is an undeniable fact that except under rare and altogether exceptional
circumstances farming operatons carried on solely with manure produced on
the farm itself have for a long time ceased to be remunerative
Chemical fertilizers are but in their infancy they belong to the nineteenth
century developments with the locomotive and the electric light
The farmers of Georgia left destitute by the results of the war the slaves no
longer their own their stock consumed in warfare and as food for both friend
2276
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
and foe quickly availed themselves of the most advanced knowledge on the
subject and the fertilizer business of Georgia has rapidly grown to bean
enormous one
Fifteen years ago no fertilizers were made in the State although the busi
ness was even then well under way but was in the products of outside factories
The season preceding the last Georgias consumption of chemical fertilizers
suddenly increased over forty per cent This large quantity used in 1890 was
greatly exceeded in 1891 just past The amount reaching over three hundred
thousand tons by far the largest quantity sold in any State in the Union
What was the result Two of the largest cotton crops known in the history of
the State The low price of cotton which resulted from these two successive
enormous crops has been most disastrous unusually large crops thrown upon
the markets of the world demoralized values The crop of 1890 found a good
market at fair prices the impression abroad being that it was an exceptionally
good year but when the figures of 1891 began to roll up the impression be
came general that the huge yield had become a permanency and prices rap
idly sank in sympathy with this view of the situation Chemical fertilizers
had bountifully fulfilled all which had been expected of them but the judg
ment which had placed them all under cotton was at fault With the famines
in Europe and the high prices of wheat corn and oats with the splendid sea
sons we enjoy how different would have been the result if onefourth of our
fertilizers labor and fields had been given up to these grains during the past
year There would have been less western corn and bacon to buy at high pries
and a small but far more profitable cotton crop
Time and again it has been demonstrated that land which in its ordinary
state can only raise from onefourth to onethird of a bale of cotton per acre
by the use of chemical manures can be made to yield from one to two bales
or even more To buy one acre and work one acre and fertilize it must be more
profitable than paying for six times as much land and six times as much labor
and at the end of the season securing only an equal harvest This fact is no
doubt fully understood and appreciated by you all
In the growth of all plants there are only fourteen different substances re
quired These fourteen elements as they are called are carbon hydrogen
oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulphur chlorine silicon iron manganese cal
cium magnesium sodium and potassium
There are many thousand species of plants yet all of them both edible and
nonedible harmless and poisonous contain nothing more than these fourteen
above named bodies Ordinary air contains nitrogen oxygen and carbonic
acid and water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen hence these two sources
yield a never failing supply of carbon oxygen and hydrogen While nitrogen is
present in enormous quantities in our atmosphere only such plants as clovers
peas beans etc are able to obtain a supply from this source
The four substances phosphorus nitrogen potash and calcium when ex
hausted from a soil cause it to be sterile of the other ten elements necessary
for plant growth three carbon oxogen and hydrogen are furnished by the
atmosphere and the rains The remaining seven sulphur chlorine silicon
iron manganese magnesium and sodium exist in nearly all soils in ample
quantities
To restore exhausted fields to their original fertility or to even greater rich
ness the farmer must add either one or more as his land may require of phos
228ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1892 3 7
phorus nitrogen potash or calcium A fertilizer containing these four ingre
dients is called a complete manure
Many clav soils which are formed by the decomposition of felaspathic rocks
at first contain ample potash Such lands could be most economically fertilized
by omitting potash were it not for the fact that the available potash is soluble
in water and is frequently rapidly washed out of cultivated fields by the rains
Some sections contain much lime which is a form of calcium furnished by
limestone marls etc Lime salts are not so readily washed out of arable soils
as those of potash and besides existing usually in sufficient quantity in the
land they exist as sulphate of lime in considerable amount in all our fertilizers
as they are commonly manufactured from phosphate rock or bone ior these
reasons phosphorus nitrogen and potash are universally considered as the
valuable ingredients of commercial fertilizers
The more progressive agricultural States now publish annually what they
consider a fair valuation on these three articles of plant food Phosphorus is
sold in the form of phosphoric acid nitrogen is offered in such combinations
as nitrogenous organic bodies ammonias nitrates etc potash is usually sold
in the form of a muriate or a sulphate
The valuations are fixed by the various States upon the exact percentage
contained in a fertilizer of available phosphoric acid ammonia or nitrogen and
actual potash
These three most valuable plant foods occur in many forms Facn of tnem
when in a state of absolute purity are perfectly colorless The most concen
trated fertilizer it is possible to produce would exist as a pure white powder
without smell It is a great mistake to think that color or smell indicates the
worth of a fertilizer
They actually indicate the presence of unnecessary bodies
The infinite and allwise mind has with wonderful wisdom prepared great
storehouses of phosphates nitrates and potashes for our use
Phosphates are found in large quantities in South Carolina Florida Canada
and in a number of foreign localities Immense beds of nitrates are found i
Chili And at Stassfurtb Germany potash salts are mined so cheaply that
they are sold in this country at the same price per pound of actual potash as
is charged per pound for available phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid is the most important of the fertilizing chemicals to the
Georgia farmer Nearly every unfertile soil needs it and it is the dominant
of cotton and of corn Our chief sources of this valuable fertilizer are the
phosphates of lime
Bone meal owes its value to both the phosphate of lime and the nitrogenous
animal matter which it contains
Bone meal is expensive and while furnishing much nitrogen its phosphoric
acid is but slowly given up to the plant When treated with strong mineral
acids part of the lime is taken up by the strong acid and the phosphoric acid
becomes available to the plant
Bone meal bone ash bone black and phosphate rock are treated with strong
sulphuric acid forming acid phosphates and superphosphates
Both bone and phosphaterock the latter being chiefly used because so muck
cheaper are tricalcic phosphates that is every molecule of phosphoric acid is
combined with three molecules of lime Florida phosphaterock and South
Carolina phosphaterock are both tricalcic phosphates
This form of phosphoric acid combined with three parts of lime is insoluble
cither in water or the weak acids of the soil hence we call it insoluble because
2298 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
it is insoluble in the fields Strong sulphuric acid will dissolve it and by means
of it are phosphate rocks made available as plant food Tricalcic phosphate or
bone phosphate as it is sometimes called is forced to give up two of its mole
cules of lime to the powerful sulphuric acid forming sulphate of lime or gyp
sum The tricalcic phosphate of lime has now become a monocalcic phos
phate only one molecule of lime being combined with the phosphoric acid
This monocalcic phosphate is solubleMn water and readily available to the
plant The sulphuric acid is neutralized by the lime The product is
spoken of as superphosphate of lime or as an acid phosphate of lime The
term acid phosphate is usually thought to refer to the neutralized sulphuric
acid but really refers to the excess of phosphoric acid in the existing lime
salt The original tricalcic phosphate containing an excess of the lime or
base might bespoken of as baic phosphate of lime
When acid phosphate of lime has been made some time this excess of
phosphoric acid manages to get back some of the lime and then we have
bicalcic phosphateone molpcule of phosphoric acid to two of lime This va
riety of phosphate of lime is insoluble in water but soluble in the weak acids
of the soil It is also called reverted or gone back phosphoric acid and is
always included as available
When one looks at the analyses of acid phosphates and notices that they
only contain about fifteen per cent or even less of available phosphoric acid
he naturally wishes to know what is the balance of its ingredients
Phosphate rock is the chief source of phosphoric acid and only contains on
an average from fiftyfive to sixty per cent of tricalcic or bone phosphate the
other thirtyfive or forty per cent consists of water sand iron alumina and
sulphates and carbonates of lime and magnesia If these were separated it
would increase the cost of the fertilizer considerably hence the crude rock is
used The tricalcic phosphate in the rock only carries enough phosphoric acid
to make the whole rock yield about thirty per cent of it so when to a ton of
this thirty per cent rock a ton of sulphuric acid is added to render the phos
phoric acid available we have the whole thirty per cent distributed between
the resulting twotonsof acid phosphate which gives fifteen per cent to each of
them By far the largest percentage of any ingredient in the goods will be the
sulphate of lime or gypsum formed by the sulphuric acid combining with two
thirds of the lime present
Goods can be made much more concentrated by freeing them from this large
quantity of sulphate of lime but of course at an increased cost per pound for the
available phosphoric acid This would be somewhat offset by themuch smaller
expense of shipping more concentrated goods I recently analvzed an acid
phosphate containing over fortythree per cent of available phosphoric acid
and nearly all of it was present in the soluble form
Nitrogen and ammonia are obtained from many different sources In some
States the valuations are made upon the nitrogen contacted in a fertiizer and
in other States it is based upon the ammonia calculated from the nitrogen
Seventeen pounds of ammonia containing fourteen pounds of nitrogen
Nitrogen is obtained from nitrate of soda fish scrap tankage blood cotton
seed meal and ammonia salts Nitrate of soda is equivalent to nineteen per
cent of ammonia fish scrap to about seven per cent tankage to nine per
cent blood about sixteen per cent cotton seed meal about eight per cent
and sulphate of ammonia about twentyfive per cent As ammonia in its free
state is a gas it is sold in combination with some acid like sulphuric acid to
230ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZEES18923
form an easily handled salt Nitric acid which is another form of nitrogen
is usually sold in combination with some base like soda for instance terming
nitrate of soda These are our strongest commercial nitrogenous manures
and only carry nitrogen equivalent to twentyfive and nineteen per cent of
ammonia
To concentrate the ammonia of fih scrap tankage blood or cotton seed
meal would he impracticable on account of the expense and there would also
be a loss of some phosphoric acid and potash
Potash is chiefly obtained from the salts of potash imported as ballast from
Stassfurth Germany The impure sulphate of potash or kainit contains only
about twelve per cent of actual potash To free it from its impurities increases
the value per pound of the actual potash Munate of potash or chlorkalium
the name under which the Germans sell it contains eighty per cent of muriate
potash or about fifty per cent actual potash Pure potash absorbs water from
the air and is very caustic To free t from its combinaions would not only
increase the cost but make it difficult to handle
With acid phosphates carrying fifteen per cent available phosphoric acid
ammoniates with seven to twentyfive ammonia and potash salts containing
from twelve to fifty per cent of potash it is easy to see how hard it is with
such crude material to produce an approximately pure fertilizer except by
considerably increasing the expense by purification
With the Georgia valuation of four cents a pound on phosphoric acid twelve
cents a pound on ammonia and four cents a pound for potash a fairly average
chemical fertilizer figures up to a value of sixteen dollars per ton not includ
ing mixing and sacking Our chemical manures are not as concentrated as
we would like yet they are many times more concentrated than ordinary barn
yard manure Barn yard manure contains only 1 per cent of phosphoric
acid i per cent of ammonia and per cent of potash Now if weestimate
these three ingredients at the valuations of the Department of Agriculture of
four cents per pound for available phosphoric acid twelve cents a pound for
ammonia and four cents a poundfor potash as other fertilizers are valued we
will have in a ton of good barnyard manure twentyeight cents worth of phos
phoric acid 144 worth of ammonia and twentyfour cents worth of potash a
total value of 196 per ton Now in a ton of an average chemical fertilizer there
is ten per cent of available phosphoric acid worth 800 two and a half per
cent of ammonia worth 600 two and onehalf per cent of potash worth 200
which gives a total value of 1600 per ton or over eight times the value of the
stable yard manure When mixed with much hay or straw barnyard ma
nuure is worth even less than 196 a ton I have given the value of a good
sample of it at just the price its fertilizing ingredients can be bought for in the
open market There are chemical manures now sold in this State containing
eight per cent available phosphoric acid six per cent ammonia and six per
cent of potash A ton of this high grade goods at above valuations would be
worth over 2500 so we can state in round numbers that a ton of commercial
fertilizer is worth from eight to twelve tons of ordinary manure
To attempt to sustain the fertility of a field by only adding the manure pro
duced by the animals fed upon its crops is impracticable as every product
sold from that field must diminish its contents of plant food and the disinte
gration of the soil is far too slow to supply such waste
The bulky nature of farmyard manures either fluid or solid makes them
expensive articles to handle I know of a case where a gentleman some
23110
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
miles from a large city was offered these two manures free if he would haul
them away By careful calculation lie found that he could purchase the same
amount of fertilizing materials in the form of chemicals and lay them down
on his farm for less money than the cost of hauling the bulky manure
We still have some of the old false ideas clinging to us Farmers yet be
lieve that a dark fertilizer is better than a light colored one So manufact
urers put in a few pounds of lampblack and where smell is desired fish
scrap furnishes much smell for very little fish Manufacturers natura lv wish
to please the fancies of their customers
When a farmer buys a fertilizer on time he has to pay a long price to cover
probable losses and the manufacturer explains this away by saying that the
valuations of the Department are entirely too low and that goods cannot pos
sibly be bought at the values given In reply to this I will state that I have
letters from the majority of the prominent manufacturers offering to sell for
cash at prices well within the limits of these valuations It is from their cash
prices that valuatians are gotten up by the Department
During the past season there was sold in this State over 300000 tons of
commercial fertilizers As the average chemical fertilizer is eight times as con
centrated as good barnyard manure this amount of 300000 tons would have
required 2400000 tons of the manure produced on the farm to equal it The
pasage of the no fence law in many of the counties has actually decreased
the amount of stock owned in Georgia Farmers dislike to fence in their
cattle and do not care to give up half their fields for pasturage as is done in
Europe for the purpose of saving their manure The enormous sales of chem
ical fertilizers show the high estimate of theirvalue and how necessary they
have become With the low price of cotton the problem is now how to pro
duce the crop most cheaply under the conditions existing on a given farm
Plie individual farmer cannot control the size of the general crop nor its price
in the markets of the world but he can largely control its cost of production
to himself and consequently his profit or loss
One means by which this can be done is that of testing the requirements of
his fields for a given nop and learning what it needs and what it does not need
This an be done by a farmer by dividing an average section of his land into
seven plats and fertilizing one with phosphoric acid another with ammonia
one with both phosphoric acid and ammonia then one with potash another
with phosphoric acid and potash one with potash and ammonia and still an
other with all three phosphoric acid ammonia and potash In another set
of similar plats fertilized as above he can test the value of the addition of lime
to each and in the fifteenth plat he can try the value of the addition of lime
alone Use the same amount of seed in each plat cultivate all alike and at
the end of the season weigh the result of the harvest from each separately
This experiment will show you what it is not necessary to buy as your land
does not need it and what must be added to produce the best results
In raising some crops there may be occasionally an absence in the soil of
one of the seven elements usually considered existing in ample quantity Dr
Griffiths the celebrated English agriculturalist found that the addition of
only 100 pounds of iron sulphate to the acre increased his crop of beans nearly
fifty per cent an enormous return for a small amount of a chemical worth
only about 150 1 le also found that using a larger quantity than 1C0 pounds
actually decreased his crop
Chemists and fanners are studying the fertilizer question more closely thanANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 18923
11
ever bef6re Chemists are now looking diligently for an economical method
of fixing the nitrogen of our boundless atmosphere The air we breathe is
fourfifths nitrogen and only onefifth oxygen hence we have in air and water
all the needed elements for making either nitrates or ammonia This fixing ot
the nitrogen of the air can be done now but not cheaply enough A certaim
chemist however is already claiming that he has discovered a method of se
curing it which will cost only one cent a pound for the ammonia produced
I trust the day is not far distant when the farmers of our State will not de
pend upon complex manures containing many ingredients not needed but
buy phosphoric acid ammonia and potash in the proportions demanded by
their own particular lands for a given crop Ecomomical fertilization is to give
the land onlv what is necessary and to avoid a policy like that of the shotgua
prescription of many ingredients given by the doctor hoping that some will hit

ELLINGTON BILL
No 168
An let to regulate the sale of fertilizers in the State to fix a method for de
termining the value of the same and for other purposes
Section I Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and it is
herebv enacted by authority of the same That from and after the passage of
this Act it shall be lawful for any purchaser of fertilizer from any owner
thereof or agent of such owner to require of the person selling and at the
time of sale or delivery to take from each lot of each brand sold a sample of
its contents
Sec II Be it further enacted That said sample so taken shall be mxed to
gether and placed in a bottle jar or such other receptacle as the purchaser may
Present It shall then be the duty of such purchaser and seller to deliver said
package to the Ordinary of the county who shall label same with the names
of the parties and of the fertilizer
Sec III Be it further enacted that said Ordinary shall safely keep said
package allowing neither party access to the same save as hereinafter pro
vided The Ordinary shall receive a fee of ten 10 cents from the party de
positing such sample for each sample so deposited
Sec IV Be it further enacted That should said purchaser after having used
such fertilizer upon his crops have reason to believe from the yields thereof
that said fertilizer was totally or partially worthless he shall notify the sele
and applv to the Ordinary to forward the said sample deposited with him or
a sufficiency thereof to insure a fair analysis to the State Chemist without
8tating the names of the parties the name of the fertilizer or giving its guar
anteed analysis the cost of sending being prepaid by the Prc
Sec V Beit further enacted That it shall be the duty of the State Chemist
to analyze and send a copy of the result to said Ordinary
Sec VI Be it further enacted That should said analysis show that said fer
tilizer comes up to the guaranteed analysis upon which it is sold then the
statement so sent to the State Chemist shall be conclusive evidence against
plea of partial or tolal failure of consideration But should said analysis show
that such fertilizer does not come up to the guaranteed analysis then the sale12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
shall be illegal null and void and when suit is brought upon any evidence of
indebtedness given for such fertilizer the statement of such Chemist so trans
muted to the Ordinary shall be conclusive evidence of the facts whether such
evidence of indebtedness is held by an innocent third party or not
Sec VII Beit further enacted That in lieu of the State Chemist should
the parties to the contract agree upon some other chemist to make said analy
sis all the provisions of this Act shall apply to his analysis and report to I he
ordinary
Sec VIII Be it further enacted That should the seller refuse to take said
sample when so required by the purchaser then upon proof of this fact the
purchaser shall be entitled to his plea of failure of consideration and to
support the same by proof of the want of effe3t and benefit of said fertijizer
upon his crop which proof shall be sufficient to authorize the jury to sustain
defendants plea within whole or in part whether said suit is brought by an
innocent holder or not
Sec IX Be it further enacted That all laws and parts of laws in c inflict
this Act be and the same are hereby repealed
Approved December 27 1890
Special attention is called to
Sec IRequiring seller to take the sample
Sue IIRequiring purchaser and seler to deliver pask ige t Ordinary
Sec IIIRequiring Ordinary to keep package allowing neither party access to the same
Sec IRequiring the forwarding of samples after seeing the yield of crop
Sec IVRequiring cost of sending being prepaid by purchaser
REMARKS ON THE ELLINGTON BILL
Unless the law is complied with and samples are taken in the presence of
purchaser and seller and kept in charge of the Ordinary the State Chemist will
not make the analyses If the sample is nottaken in the presence of the seller
and kept in charge by the Ordinary until sent to the Chemist a dishonestpur
ehaser by taking his own sample during the absence of the sell r and mix ing
it with dirt could cause the ruin of an honest man and vice versa a rascally
dealer by adding nch ingredients or substituting another sample could
swindle an honest farmer
It is impossible under the law for the Chemist to have any knowledge
whatever of the names of the parties or of the names of the fertilizers or of
their guarantees This is eminently proper as it is equally so that neither pur
chaser nor seller should have private access to the sample
The farmers desire protection against lowgrade goods and dishonest dealers
proper care and attention to this law will certainly secure it
The State Chemist earnestly requests the sealing with wax of all samples in
presence of buyer and seller Although the law does not require it it is ad
visable that it should be done A record should be kept by the rdinarv of
the names of the two parties the names of the brand and the guarantee and
the samples should be numbered as taken and a corresponding number should
be put upon the bottles When the sample is sent to the Chemist everything
should be scraped off the bottle but the number or the samples shonlrj be
plac3d in another bottle and numbered to correspond with his record book to
prevent samples geting mixed The Ordinary should write the name of the
county on the package when shipping that the Chemist may know to what
county the package belongs It is impossible sometimes to identify samples
234ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZLRS18923
13
which are sent to this office by the sender failing to write on the package where
it is from
COTTON SEED MEAL
It Must be Inspected under the Calvin Bill
The Calvin Bill relating to the inspection and analyses of cotton seed meal
does not seem to be thoroughly understood by manufacturers and dealers in
licit1 flltlflt1
Under the bill all cotton seed meal must be inspected and analyzed before
it can without violating the law be sold or offered for sale to be used as a fer
tilizer or for any other purpose
Rules and regulations governing these inspections have been prescribed by
the Commissioner and will be printed but in order that through misappre
hension no sales in violation of the Act may be made the Commissioner issues
the following
Calvin BUI
A bill to be entitled an Act to require all cotton seed meal to be subjected to
analysis and inspection as a condition precedent to being offered for sale
and to forbid the sale in this State of such cotton seed meal if it be Suown
by the offical analysis that the same contains less than 1 per centum of am
monia to prescribe a penalty for the violation of the provisions of this Act
and for other purposes
Section I Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and it is
hereby enacted bv the authority of the same That from and after the passage
of this Act it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to offer for sale in
this State anv cotton seed meal until the same shall have been duly analyzed
by the rtate Chemist and inspected as now required by law in the matter of
all fertilizers and rhwnieals for manufacturing or composting purposes nor
shall it be lawful to offer such cotton seed meal for sale in this Stale if it be
shown by the official analysis that the same contains less than 7J per centum
of ammonia pronided that the provisions of this Act as to the per centum
mentioned in this secton shall not apply to meal mamtfactured from sea island
cotton seed but the Commissioner of Agriculture shall upon the passage of
this Act fix and make public a minimum per centum which shall control as
to the cotton seed meal referred to in this proviso provided further that if
any cotton seed meal shall not analyze up to the required per centum of am
monia the same may be offered for sale as secondclass meal provided the
analvsis be made known to the purchaser and stamped on the sack
Sec II Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid That there shall
be branded upon or attached to each sack barrel or package of cotton seed
meal offered for sale in this State the true analysis as determined by the
State Chemist and the number of pounds net in such sack barrel or package
Sec Iir Beit further enacted by the authority aforesaid That it shall be
thedutyof the Commissioner of Agriculture to take all steps necessary to
make effective the provisions of sections 1 and 2 of this Act
Section IV of the Act makes the person or persons violating the provisions
of the Act guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction punished as prescribed
in section 4310 of the Code
Sec V repeals conflicting laws
23514
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
1 desire to call the attention of all manufacturers of and dealers in cotton
seed meal to the above law which requires the inspection tagging and analy
sis of all cotton seed meal whether sold for cattle food fertilizer purposes or
ther uses This law will be enforced and I most earnestly request all manu
facturers to promptly comply with its requirements And in case of doubt as
to the method to apply to the Department of Agriculture for the rules and
regulations governing such inspections
R T NESBITT
Commissioner of Agriculture
NEW LAW GOVERNING THE INSPECTION OF FERTIL
IZERS AND FERTILIZER MATERIAL
On the 19th of October 1891 an Act the full text of which is here given wasr
approved by the Governor In many respects it changes the method of inspect
ing fertilizers and fertilizer materials and in these changes the Commissioner
trusts that all manufacturers and dealers or their agents will willingly acquiesce
as the Department will require and will see that the law and the regulaions
established by the Commissioner are carried out The assent and coopera
tion of manufacturers and dealers or their agents will obviouslv render their
dealings with the Department more pleasant and at the same time will better
enable the Commissioner to give an efficient service and will aid him more
readily to detect any spurious article that is sought to be imposed upon the
people of the State and in protecting the farmers at the same time to protect
the honest manufacturer and dealer
AN ACT
To amend and consolidate the laws governing the inspection analysis and
sale of commercial fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed meal in the State
ot Georgia and to repeal all other laws and parts of laws in conflict there
with and for other purposes
Section I Be it enacted by the General Assemblv of the State of Georgia That
all manufacturers of or dealers in commercial fertilizers or chemicals or
cotton seed meal to be used in manufacturing the same who may desire to
sell or offer tor sale in the State of Georgia such fertilizers chemicals or cot
ton seed meal shall first file with the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State
ot Georgia the name of each brand of fertilizers or chemicals which he or thev
may desire to sell in said State cither by themselves or their agents together
with the name of the manufacturer the place where manufactured and also
the guaranteed analysis thereof and if the same fertilizer is sold under dif
ferent names said fact shall be so stated and the different brands that are
identical shall be named
Sec II Be it further enacted That all fertilizers or chemicals for manufact
uring the same and all cottonseed meal offered for sale or distribution in
this State shall have branded upon or attached to each bag barrel or pack
age the guaranteed analysis thereof showing the percentage of valuable ele
ments or ingredientssuch fertilizers or chemicals contain embracing the fol
lowing determinations
236ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923
15
per cent
per cent
per cent
per cent
per cent
Moisture at 212 deg Fab
Insoluble phosphoric acid
Available phosphoricacid
Ammonia actual and potential
Potash K0
The analysis so placed upon or attached to said fertilizer or chemical shall be
a guarantee by the manufacturer agent or person offering the same for sale
that it contains substantially the ingredients indicated thereby in the per
centages named therein and said guarantee shall be binding on said manufact
urer agent or dealer and may be pleaded in any action or suit at law to show
total or partial failure of consideration in the contract for the sale of said fer
tilizer chemical or cotton seed meal
Sec III Be it further enacted That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner
of Agriculture to forbid the sale of either of the following Any acid phos
phate which contains less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid
any acid phosphate with potash which contains a sum total of less than ten
per centum of available phosphoric acid and potash when the per cents of the
two are added together any acid phosphate with ammonia which contains a
sum total of less than ten per centum of available phosphate acid and ammo
nia when the per cents of the two are added together any acid phosphate with
ammonia and potash which oontains a sum total of less than ten per centum
of available phosphoric acid ammonia and potash when the per cents of the
three are added together that no brands shall be sold as ammomated super
phosphates unless said brands contain 2 per cent or more of ammonia And
also to forbid the sale of all cotton seed meal which is shown by official
analysis to contain less than 11 per centum of ammonia Nothing m this Ac
shall be construed to nullify any of the requirements of an Act entitled an Act
to require the inspection and analysis of cotton seed meal
Sec IV Be it further enacted That all persons or firms who may desire or
intend to sell fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal in this State shall tor
ward to the Commissioner of Agriculture a printed or plainly written request
for the tags therefor stating the nameof the brand the name of thefact
urer the Place where manufactured the number of tons of each brand and
the number of tags required and the person or persons to whom the same is
consigned the guaranteed analysis also the number of pounds contained in
each bag barrel or package in which said fertilizer chemical or cottonseed
meal is put up And shall at the time of said request tor tags forward directly
to the Commissioner of Agriculture the sum of ten cents per ton
tion fee whereupon it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture
to issue tags to parties so applying who shall attach a tag to
or package thereof which when so attached to said bag barrel or package
shall be prima facia evidence that theseller has complied with the require
mentloHnis Act Any tags left in the possession of the manufacturers or
dealers at the end of the season shall not be used for another season nor shall
thev be redeemable by the Department of Agriculture
Sec V Be it further enacted That itshall not be lawful for any person firm
or corporation either by themselves or their agents to sell or to atom
this State any fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal without first register
ine the same with the Commissioner of Agriculture as requiredby this Act
and the fact that the purchaser waives the inspection and analysis thereof
shall be no protection to said party so selling or offering the same for sale
OS7DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Sec VI Be it further enacted That the Commissioner of Agriculture shall
appoint twelve inspectors of fertilizers or so many inspectors as in said
Commissioners judgment may he necessary who shall hold their offices
for such terms as said Commissioner of Agriculture shall in his judgment
think best for carrying out the provisions of this Act The greatest compensa
tion that any one inspector of fertilizers shall receive shall be at the rate of
one hundred dollars per month and his actual expenses while in the dis
charge of his duty as such inspector It shall be their duty to inspect all fertili
zers chemicals or cotton seed meal that may be found at any point within
the limits of this State and so to any point when so directed by the Commis
sioner of Agriculture and shall see that all fertilizers chemicals or cotton
seed meal are properly tagged
Sec VII Be it further enacted That each inspector of fertilizers shall be
provided with bottles in which to place samples of fertilizers chemicals or
cotton seed meal drawn by him and shall also be provided with leaden tags
numbered in duplicate from one upward and it shall be the duty of each in
spector of fertilizers to draw a sample of all fertilizers chemicals and cotton
seed meal that he may be requested to inspect or that he may find unin
spected and he shall fill two sample bottles with each brand and place one
leaden tag of same number in each sample bottle and shall plainly write on a
label on said bottles the number corresponding tp the number on said leaden
tags in said bottles and shall also write on the label on one of said bottles the
name of the fertilizer chemical or cottonseed meal inspected the name of the
manufacturer the place where manufactured the place where inspected the
date of inspection and the name of inspector and shall send or cause to be
sent to the Commissioner of Agriculture the samples so drawn by him an
nexed to a full report of said inspection written on the form prescribed
by said Commissioner of Agriculture which report must be numbered to cor
respond with the number on said sample bottles and number on the leaden
tags placed therein and it shall also be the duty of said inspectors of fertili
zers to keep a complete record of all inspections made by them on forms pre
scribed by said Commissioner of Agriculture Before entering upon the dis
charge of their duties they shall take and subscribe before some officer au
thorize to administer the same an oath faithfully to discharge all the duties
which may be required of them in pursuance of this Act
Sec VIII Be it further enacted That the Commissioner of Agriculture
shall have the authority to establish such rules and regulations in regard to
the inspection analysis and sale of fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed
meal not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as in his judgment will
best carry out the requirements thereof
Sec IX Be it further enacted That it shall be the duty of the onunissioner
of Agriculture to keep a correct account of all money received from the in
spection of fertilizers and to pay the same into the Treasury after paving out
the said sum of expenses and salaries of inspectors and for the tags and bottles
used in making such inspections
S X Be it further enacted That all contracts forthe sale of fertilizers or
chemicals in the Slate of Georgia made in any other manner than as required
by this Act shall be absolutely void provided that nothing in this Act shall
be construed to restrict or avoid sales of acid phosphate kainit or other fertili
zer material in bulk to each other by importers manufacturers or manipu
lators who mix fertilizer material for sale or as preventing the free and unre
238ANALYSED OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERSsic 3
17
stricted shipment of these articles in bulk to manufacturers or manipulators
who mix fertilizer material for sale
Sue XL Be it further enacted That any person selling or offering for sale
any fertilizers or chemicals without having first complied with the provisiohs
of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall
be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Code of Georgia
Sec XIII Be it further enacted That all laws and parts of laws in conflict
with this Act be and the same are hereby repealed
1 With the provisions of the above law the Commissioner requests that
all manufacturers and dealers in commercial fertilizers chemicals and other
fertilizer material immediately comply
While the law itself is Miffieiently explicit to be thoroughly understood to
facilitate its operations the following form is precribed
REQUEST FOP REGISTRATION
To R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
You are hereby requested to reg iter for sale and distribution in the State
of Geomiamanufactured by
at
THE1FOLLOWING IS THE GUARANTEED ANALYSIS OF THE BRAND
Moisture at 212 Fahpercent
insoluble phosphoric acidpercent
Available phosphoric acidPer cent
Ammonia actual and potentialpercent
Potash K Opercent
The ammonia is in the form of
Theis put up in
lbs each
It is identical with
In consideration of being allowod to sell and distribute the above brand
before the official analysis thereof is madeagree and bind
to cancel all sales thereof and forfeit all
claims for purchase money therefor if after the official analysis is made the
Commissioner of Agriculture shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law
of
2 Under section 4 relating to request for tags in order that no delay may
occur in shipments the manufactuer or dealer need not notify the Depart
ment at the time of the request for tags of the name of the purchaser or con
signee but must notify the Commissioner in writing of every sale or consign
ment on the day in which the same is made This notice must distinctly state
the brand of the fertitizer or the name of the chemical or fertilizer material
2 23918
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
and the number of tons together with the name of the purchaser or consignee
and their place of residence It must request inspection and contain an agree
ment to cancel all sales thereof in the event the Commissioner shall prohibit
its sale in accordance with law The following form may be used substantial
compliance with the above rule being regarded as sufficient
NOTICE OF SALES AND CONSIGNMENTS AND REQUEST FOR
INSPECTION
189
To It T Nesbilt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
You are hereby notified thathave this day made the fol
lowing sales and consignments and request that the same be inspected
3 d
a
CQ w od 3 2 01
L o
o H t s 02
1 o 3 0 boS
o ec o o
fc fe 5
In consideration of being allowed to sell and distribute the above before
the official analysis thereof is madeagree and bind
to cancel all sales thereof and forfeit all claims for purchase
money therefor if after the official analysis is made the Commissioner of
Agriculture shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law
Manufacturers and dealers by this rule are not required to delay ship
ment in order that the inspection may be made but are required to see
that their goods are properly tagged the inspection being made while the
fertilizer or fertilizer material is in the hands of the purchaser or consignee
3 All orders for tags must be sent direct to this Department and the request
must be accompanied with the fees for inspection at the rate of ten cents per
ton for the fertilizer or fertilizer material on which they are to be used
Manufacturers and dealers or their agents may request tags in such quanti
ties as they see fit but each request must state distinctly the brand or brands
on which they are to be used with the number of tons of the brand or of each
of said brands
It is not necessary that the fertilizer or fertilizer material be actually on hand
at the time the request is made but manufacturers or dealers can order such a
number of tags as they may need during the season bearing in mind that no
tags carried over will be redeemed by the Department
In the event that more tags are ordered for any brand than it is ascer
tained can be used on the sales and consignments of that brand by proper
notice with the consent of the Commissioner the tags can be used on an
other brand put up in packages or sacks of the same weight and sold or
consigned the same season
4 If a fertilizer be offered for registration inspection or sale branded as
either of the following
240ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923
1
Amuaoniated Superphosphate
Auimoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Guano
Guano
Fertilizer
or other words implying that the same is an ammoniated superphosphate
the guaranteed analysis must claim that it contains not less than 2 per cent
of ammonia actual or potential
5 That part of section 3 excepting from the operations of the Act an
Act to require the inspection and analysis of cotton seed meal leaves the
inspection of that article under the Calvin bill which requires that all cot
ton seed meal for whatsoever purpose to be used be inspected It is there
fore necessary and is required that a request for inspection be sent to the
Commissioner and that the inspection be made in the hands of the manu
facturer dealer or their agent or if shipped in the State at some conven
ient point before the meal is sold or distributed In all cases fees will be
sent direct to the Commissioner who will immediately order the nearest
inspector to make the inspection
WHY ANALYSES OF THE SAME BRAND OF FERTILIZERS VARY
Manufacturers do not always give the thorough mixing of their goods that
close attention and study which is required to produce fertilizers of an even
character throughout
If a mixture is not very intimately made each small sample which is taken
for analysis may vary considerably Manufacturers are very much disposed
to lay these differences upon the Chemists when in the majority of cases the
whole trouble is in the imperfect mixing
The crude materials used in making complete fertilizers give chemists as a
rule far less trouble than the mixed goods although the fact that crude mate
rials must vary is generally understood
To mix fifty pounds of rough muriate of potash in a ton of fertilizer as is
sometimes done and secure a perfect mixture is almost impossible Samples
taken from different parts of such a compound have actually varied in potash
from less than one per cent to over four per cent Weights and measures are
often handled roughly and quickly and some manufacturers appear to believe
that badly mixed goods after standing and becoming disintegrated by the sul
phuric acid actually become well mixed If a solution is made up from a fertili
zer and several determinations made from that same solution theytally beau
tifully but if separate weighings are made from a supposed wellmixed sample
the results never check so well Manufacturers think a wet mix ought to be
perfect but as all the ingredients are weighed independently for each ton
negroes usually doing this work and bricks in some establishments being
used as weights it is easy to see how each ton may vary and the only wonder
is that the goods run as uniformly as they do
If a comparatively inert substance like cotton seed hulls or common earth
are introduced in the manufacture of a fertilizer the former by its light weight
js very much inclined to separate and rise to the top of the goods and the lat
ter by its heavy weight to settle to the bottom A sample of such a goods if
24120
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
taken with too much of the hulls in it will run all the valuable ingredientstoo
low and in the same way a sample of that with the earth in it is likely to run
low in the substances of value if too much of the dirt gets in
If simply crude materials are used and no lining as it is called it is usu
ally the case that when goods run low in one ihgredient they make it up by
running a 1 ttle higher in another
To ilustae these points fourteen analyses are given of goods made by the
same formula and claimed to be identical which were drawn out of separate
batches from a large and wellequipped factory These samples show imper
fect mixing wdiether from too rough weighings or bad manipulat on it is diffi
cult to decide with only small samples drwn by other paties Attention is
called to the varying amounts of moisture insoluble phosphoric acid and
ammonia Moisture varies 830 per cent insoluble phosphoric acid 413 per
cant ammonia 77 per cent and potash 95 per cent
Moisture Insol Phos A Avail Phos A Ammonia Potash
14 95 233 9 95 2 37 216
15 00 224 10 30 229 219
1350 422 984 226 203
10 85 160 1017 2 33 24
1655 249 941 229 2 12
IB 50 2 43 921 225 220
1655 262 941 2 12 170
16 25 236 979 200 180
1775 100 10 90 193 160
1885 41 982 233 2 33
19 45 26 1011 2 53 230
21 SO 09 976 244 255
1905 90 946 250 235
1810 64 1011 2 70 2 45
Goods do not usually run so badly as those just described yet as such canes
doocur it is well to bring out hecauses which produce them which may be
summed up as improper weighing measuring and mixing
George F Payne
Grapes and Their Leaves Singularly Affected
During the month of July IS II W Dews Esq of Newnan Ga sent to
this department a lot of grape leaves nd green grapes hich bore many 8 ots
of from a dark brown to a reddish lrown color These Were submitted to Dr
Payne who made t lie EolJowi g report
Underthe microscope noneof die spotshowe 1 signs of any fungi or foreign
gro th As the spots first became visible after a slig t warm rain in July
last v could not possibly b frot Upon analysis the spots showed the pres
ence of free sulpliuri acid one hundred of the leaves yielding an amount
equivalent to 6 c c of normal sulphuric acid This i what caused the dis
coloration The fumes of sulphuric acid from some neighboring factory
floated from the smokestack and settled on the leaves then the slight rain col
lected the particles as it dripped from le if to leaf until strong enough for each
drop to attack either the grapes or the leaves
242ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS
Analysis op a Fruit Preservative
1892
21
During the month of August 1892 a letter was received at this department
from Judge J C Harman of Tennille Ga inclosing a sample of what was
called Compound Extract of Salyx used in the California cold process and
also a clipping from the Christian Lidex The letter and clipping is given
below and Dr Paynes reply and result of analysis This will interest those
using this preservative as we have heard itstated that the receipt is being sold
at one dollar without the materials
Tennille Ga August 5 1892
Hon R T Nesnitt Commissioner of Agriculture
Dear SirI herewith enclose you a sample of what is called Compound
Extract of Salyx used in the California cold process as you will note from
the enclosed clipping from the Christian Index I am continually asked about
this thing and believe it to be a humbug I have decided to send it through
you to the Sate Chemist with whom I am not acquainted and beg you to re
quest him to analyze it and let us know what it is We are unable to procure
it at drug stores in Savannah or New York and they say they know nothing
of it If you will get the stuff analyzed and let us know the opinion of the
chemist on the effect of it as to its keeping qualities or properties if gord we
can get it at home cheaper than fifty cents per ounce if not our people can be
protected from a humbug The formula is to make a syrup of sugar 2o pounds
water b gallons salyx 2 ounces This is to be poured over the fruit or veg
etables salt 20 ounces salyx 2 ounces water 5 gallons I have an idea that
the probabilities are the stuff if it will keep at all will keep without the salyx
Very truly yours
J C Harman
New Concord Ohio
Clipping from Christian Index
We notice articles lately in several papers regarding preserving fniiVby the
California cold process some write as though it was a patent and difficult to
obtain the right to use it but such is not the case The material used is the
compound extract of salyx which any druggist if he dpes not have it m stock
can easily obtain It has been used by many large fruit houses for years so
that the svstem is well established
You donot heat or seal the fruit just put it in the vessel you wish to keep
it in and pour the solution over the fruit and it will keep its natural color and
taste for years You can keep currents on the stem green corn on the cob aud
fruit or vegetables of any kind in a perfectly natural state The cost is only
about one cent per quart and the labor almost nothing You can put up a
bushel of berries in ten minutes easily We have put up hundreds of packages
of fruit bv the California cold process and we have never had it to fail to give
satisfaction and we have shipped fruit to all parts of the Unitedtales
The salyx is made especially for preserving fruit and vegetables and the
druggist from whom you buy will give you complete directions for using
We have berries cherries grapes aud peas kept this way and we do not believe
any one could tell them from fresh picked fruit and then it is so cheap and so
little trouble that everybody can derive great benefit from the California old
processes we feel confidents any one once trying it will never putup another
L of fruit or use another method The Ohio Fruit Company
24322 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Office of State Chemist Atlanta Ga September 10th 1892
E Barman Esq Tennille Ga
Dear SirYour letter to Hon K T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agricul
ture has been referred to me
The sample of white powder which you sent proves on analysis to be or
thohydroxybenzoic acid which is commonly known as salicylic acid
The name Compound Extract of Salyx under which it is sold is a some
what fanciful designation made use of with the probable intention of produc
ing the impression that it is some unusual preparation known by no other
name and thus cause the business in this organic acid which may be devel
oped by this advertising to redound to the benefit of the proprietors of Com
pound Extract of Salyx
The name salyx is not altogether misleading as salicylic acid was formerly
made from salicin a bitter principle existing in the genus of plants known as
sahx or willows It is made now however from a combination of soda car
bolic acid and carbonic acid gas which is a much cheaper process It should not
be spoken of as a compound as the sample sent is simply a firstclass article
of unadulterated salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is a powerful antiseptic and an excellent preservative of or
ganic substances Having but little taste and being nonpoisonous in small
quantises it has been much used for the preservation of such bodies
Its use daily in articles of food is not to be recommended although its
occasional use in moderate quantities will do no narm Onetwentyfifth of
one per cent has a decided influence in retarding the souring of milk and
fifteen hundredths of one per cent will preserve most organic mixtures
It is said that in 1880 100000 pounds 50 tons of salicylic acid were used in
I ranee to preserve foods and wines In 1881 the French government pro
hibited its use on the ground that the prolonged employment of even very
small quantities is dangerous and that in susceptible persons as especially
aged individuals it is apt to cause disorder of digestion and disease of the
kidneys
The wholesale price of salicyPc acid is from 125 to 150 per pound A fair
price at retail would be about 25 cents an ounce With best regards
Very respectfully George F Payne
LIME
Lime is a beneficial fertilizer on some soils binding sandy lands together
and loosening heavy clays besides adding a plant food which sometimes exist
in too small a quantity in the soil Nearly all acid phosphates and complete
fertilizers contain ample lime The acid phosphate of commerce is an acid
phosphate of lime Marls which are principally carbonate of lime and clay
with yery small percentages of phosphate of lime have been largely used in
New Jersey tor fertilizing purposes the sales some seasons running as high as
50000 tons More concentrated fertilizers have become so cheap of late how
ever that their use is falling off Lime fertilizers are brought into thisState
and sold at about ten dollars per ton They are usually either land plaster
244ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 23
whicn is sulphate of lime or they arc carbonates of lime The best of them
contain from thirty to thirtyeight per cent of actual lime In Southwest
Georgia exist enormous deposits of carbonate of lime in a number of different
forms and marls peculiarly rich in carbonate of lime many of them contain
ing from forty to fiftyfour per cent of actual lime It is strange that lime
goods mined in distant States should be bought by our farmers when a better
article lies unused in boundless profusion in the lower portion of our State
These limestones of Southwest Georgia burn into most excellent lime run
ning ninety odd per cent pure lime They are easy to handle being often m
concretionary forms and burn readily The pure caustic lime can be sold at
five dollars a ton and a profit made If farmers wish to use lime let them buy
the Southwest Georgia lime Slaked and spread on the soil it turns to carbon
ate and one ton is equivalent to from two to two and a half tons of the ordi
nary carbonates and sulphates of lime of commerce Consequently the saving in
freight as well as first cost is very great To illustrate these facts the analyses of
two Southwest Georgia lime stones are given below Also that of a shell lime
from Brunswick and a lime burnt at Armena near Albany Georgia lne
limestones and marls of Southwest Georgia have as yet no market value lhey
can be secured at the cost of handling no doubt by any one who wishes to try
them Both lime and marls show high in comparison with similar goods now
on the market
13 d 2 5 QJ u CD
0 at
o1 gee 8S 3 c3
u dvi s

3
0 m O X 04 a a a CD 0 Si Sm c3 T311 a O
a O 3 O si
a
U

iDft Carbonate of Lime S W Ga fflarl No 1
Soft Carbonate of LimeS W Ga Marl No 2
Oyster Shell Lime Brunswick Ga
Lime from S W Ga Hard Carbonate ArmenaGa
262
130
trace
trace
1208 trace
164
198
4052
5408
5928
9263
3111
4188
1955
2411
224
711
16
118
George F Payne
State Chemist
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
Laboratory of the State Chkmist State Capitol
Atlanta Ga Aug 6th 1892
Hon R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture State of Georgia
Dear SirThe location of the State Chemist being required by
you to be in the State capitol upon my appointment in November
1890 my whole laboratory was moved from Macon to Atlanta
24524 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
That it was highly important that the State Chemist should be to
cated in the capital was recognized by your predecessor in office
who passed an order to that effect but for some reason it was after
wards rescinded I found that no provision whatever had been
made in the arrangement of the building for the work of the State
Chemist The rooms which were available for the work required
flooring work tables shelving furniture water pipes gas pipes and
drainage and of the laboratory said to have been once owned by
the State I found nothing but a lot of dismantled debris Upon
calling attention of the legislature to the condition of affairs they
promptly appropriated 48900 for plumbing flooring and shelving
The amount of work required of the State Chemist of Georgia to
properly protect the farmers in the purchase of fertilizers is larger
in this State than in any other in the Union To accomplish their
work the State Chemists of some of the other States have three and
even tour assistants
Appropriations of from five hundred to one thousand dollars a
year were made by the legislature to replenish apparatus and chem
icals until the removal of the work from Atlanta to the State Uni
versity some years ago The work is now about six times as large
as it was at that time and was increased by1 the last legislature by
the passage of the Calvin and Ellington bills
That one man can do this work in the time required and do it
properly is a physical impossibility This matter was thoroughly
gone over by the last legislature who decided that the State Chemist
should have two assistants at one thousand dollars each per annum
and one thousand dollars to replenish apparatus and chemicals
The State Chemist is not fully reimbursed even by this amount
U7nhe STn f mmi m assistant3 sals amounted to
J220oOO and replenishing apparatus and chemicals to SI 265 76
These amounts were paid from my own pocket but were afterwards
repaid by an act of the legislature
The analysis of fertilizers is a matter involving many millions of
dollars to farmers and manufacturers and only experienced chemiste
can do the workproperly 100300 per annum is a salary at which
it is difficult to get proper men
I give my assistants more than this paying the difference out of
my own salary The State not providing a porter I also employ
one at my personal expense It is his duty to cleanse the large
246ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923
25
amount of soiled apparatus which accumulates each day from the
labors of three chemists
The work of no assistant is made use of until I find he is thor
oughly competent by repeated analyse made side by side with my
own Besides this each chemical and solution used in the labora
tory is tested and standardized by myself and every analysis includ
ing those made by the assistants has my close attention and super
vision every figure being gone over personally
The methods of analysis always used are those adopted by the
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of the United States
which are considered the best throughout the world
Fertilizers are sent to me by number only and they are all worked
exactly alike
It is customary in other States and has been the custom in this
for the State Chemist to make occasional analyses for fertilizer man
ufacturers to enable them to compound their goods in the proper
proportions Valuable as such work must be to the manufacturers
I have felt it best to refuse such analyses and all such samples
which come to my office are respectfully referred to other chemists
The season just passed has been an unusual one in the history of
the Department of Agriculture The low prices of cotton and the
financial depression of the country caused an uneasiness and want
of confidence which made dealers slow to make contracts and man
ufacturers but little inclined to sell During the months of Octo
ber and November butfew goods were inspected and it was not un
til January that fertilizer manufacturers began to accept the situa
tion and to actively contest for the business The competition be
came so vigorous that cuts in prices were made in many directions
and the general prices of mixed fertilizers ranged lower than last
season although the crude material used in their manufacture
remained at about last years figures
During the work of this season no sample of goods has been en
countered which fell below the requirements of the States fertilizer
law Last year four such samples were analyzed and their names
published in the bulletins of the Department Last season a num
ber of brands ran below their guarantees on potash and though
from two to five samples were analyzed of each of these goods they
all continued to run low This season there has been a marked
improvement in potash and guarantees have been admirably sus
24726
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

tained These two facts will illustrate the great protection afforded
the farmer by their inspections and analyses
Last year the percentages of ammonia generally ran well above
their guarantees this season there has been a marked tendency to
barely meet guarantees on this valuable ingredient This has prob
ably been caused in the majority of cases by the desire of the man
ufacturers to meet the reductions in the selling price by a corre
sponding reduction in the cost of manufacture
Although it was not until January that samples began to come
in freely from one to five analysis have been furnished of every fer
tilizer inspected in the State
This work has been completed much sooner than has been custo
mary in spite of the great delay of samples in coming in at the ear
lier part of the season It has only been possible however to ac
complish it thus promptly and thoroughly by the whole force in
my laboratory working two hours after office hours every working
day and including holidays with the exception of Sundays
The number of analyses made during the season were as follows i
Acid Phosphate 101
Acid Phosphate with Ammonia 19
Acid Phosphate with Potash 52
Acid Phosphates with Ammonia and Potash complete fer
tilizers 621
Potash Salts 28
Cotton Seed Meals 50
Chemicals not otherwise enumerated 18
Fertilizers under the Ellington Bill 6
Minerals 256
Mineral Waters 7
Marls 18
Natural Phosphates 57

1233
Very respectfully
George F Payne State Chemist
248Table No i
K
Ammoniated Guanos Containing Two per Cent and Upward of Ammonia
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric Acid
VI
SI
Guaranteed
Analysis
BY WHOM AND WHEKE MAN
UFACTUKED

H
O
w
M
Q
d
f
H
d
w
M
I
M
O
w
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
w Americus Guano
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ashepoo Fertilizer
Ashley Complete Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
A A Special Preparation
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
Alliance Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
A A Special Preparation
E 116
K 116
D 106
D 106
C 107
H 111
H lOi
C 102
C 108
D 139
F 104
E 133
C 145
A 109
2662
2662
C 18
C 18
C 7
2705
2715
B 14
U
2682
2657
2719
2016
A 10
990
990
1157
1157
1224
1699
1551
1352
1155
904
1687
1283
1385
907
3
445
445
123
129
203
362
178
97
146
267
168
184
564
564
759
759
781
709
6
7
859
618
652
784
739
811
245
245
160
160
255
206
246
103
206
346
266
191
209
268
809
809
919
919
1039
915
914
886
1063
964
918
975
948
1079
220
220
202
202
241
265
200
210
261
240
205
220
212
260
169
159
254
251
287
150
170
266
219
205
211
152
220
125
15 64
15 61
16 84
16 84
19 14
17 48
16 12
16 86
19 12
17 72
16 56
16 90
17 04
18 47
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Americus Guano Co Americns Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phcsphate Co Charleston S C
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Rawls Webb Cuthbert Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore MdAmericus Guano
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Ammoniated Alkaline Phophate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bjne
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Aurora Ammoniated Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Guano
i
Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Alliance Standard
Alliance Complete
Alliance Complete
Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Allance H Grade Guano
Atlantic Fertilizer
Augusta High Grade Guano
D 113
D 113
D 104
F 115
D 153
F 181
E 158
D 153
F 181
E 158
E 137
F 133
F 188
F 142
H 135
H 121
F 136
D 133
D 167
F 148
E 133
E 213
F 278
D 197
H 138
2656
2056
14
2714
2801
2791
2792
2801
2791
2792
2717
2721
2816
2776
2S2
2763
2772
2673
2945
2734
2719
2841
0 18
2995
2958
896
135
1365
1120
1188
51
1120
1188
517
1053
1010
1207
3 88
1234
1379
1187
1582
1363
995
1283
1252
1157
1132
992
114
114
362
261
81
77
397
81
77
397
115
109
225
155
96
90
700
700
783
861
714
729
486
714
7
4
8
603
636
791
614
8 43
178 824
110
203
1
267
235
445
14
313
759
764
801
784
571
739
681
765
1H7
197
10S
139
262
279
556
262
279
556
41
420
237
318
241
1
193
232
1
147
191
234
1
277
897
897
886
1000
976
10
1042
976
1008
1042
902
1113
873
1112
855
1023
1017
991
962
948
975
805
919
958
2401 219
240l 219
270i 1035
210
206
225
223
233
225
223
238
214
250
200
200
232
238
202
200
205
205
220
201
202
203
209
266
222
1 CD
168
172
160
168
172
355
253
12
279
168
178
146
1
159
125
151
277
254
173
189
17 29
17 29
16 8S
17 32
17 09
17 36
18 03
17 09
17 36
18 03
17 80
19 53
15 42
18 53
16 36
17 92
lfi 76
1
1
2

3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
2
4

i
i
16 44 1
16 49
16 11
16 90
10 08
16 84
16 52
17 41
2 I 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
2 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
2 2 Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal SC
2 2 Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C
2 1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
2 y2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
2X iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
2K 1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
2Jf iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
2X ll2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
2 VA Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
2y2 1 Ga Farmers Oil F Co Madison Ga
2 1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
2 2 Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
2 V4 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
2 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
2 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
2 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
2 1 Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa
2 1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
2 1 The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
2 1 ADAdairMcCartyBrosUlantaGa
2 1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
2 1 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
2 1 Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga

tr1
k
co
tq
GO
o
o
o
K
ts
o
tr1
is
W
H
N
M
W
COTABLE No 1Continued
NAME OF BRAND
00
Augusta High Grade Guano P 132
Augusta Guano Co s FormulaH 226
Ashley Soluble Fish Guano E 254
AntiTrust Guano D 185
S AntiTrust GuanoJ 153
to
Acid MealF 288
AramDniated Dissolved BoneJ 107
Ammoniated Dissolved BoneJ 107
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone A 131
Alliance High Grade GuanoD 216
Ammoniated Soluble Navassa GuanoF 142
Ammoniated Dissolved BoneB 138
Ammoniated Dissolved BoneH 178
A P Brantleys Reliable GuanoC 209
Alliance High Grade GuanoF 239
Alliance Standard GuanoF 287
2769
2957
3060
3109
3118
3084
2898
2889
2839
2991
2776
289
2897
2912
3095
3083
1002
1160
926
1281
1112
303
16
1646
1250
1485
1388
1235
1296
1358
979
1000
Phosphoric Acid
298
99
317
38
42
104
191
194
211
110
155
1
2C6
124
549
130
00

730
844
541
743
706
7
45
45
709
739
791
743
699
820
265
810
260
207
2S4
2
211
4
987
987
197
165
318
163
269
388
517
153
990
1051
825
976
917
1189
1032
1032
966
904
1112
906
878
1008
812
963

Co

i
212
211
3
211
215
201
200
200
226
211
200
218
2S9
208
201
209
181
181
156
20
182
243
243
154
100
279
281
221
126
249
401
Gitarantfed
Analysis
2S
17 06
1712
18 56
17 08
16 52
16 91
17 60
17 60
16 51
15 78
18 53
17 32
17 12
16 66
15 98
18 50
1
1
1
1
2
2
P
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga
Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga
Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga
Georgia FanrersOil Fertilizer Co
Madison Ga
Liebig Manufg Co Cartaret N J
Liebig ManufgCo for Langston
Woodson Atlanta Ga
B R Legg Bro Marietta Ga
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Navassa Guato Co Wilmington N C
Richland Guano Co Richland Ga
Stubbs Tison Savannah Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co for A P
Brantley Savannah Ga
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
J H Walker Griffin Ga
o
w
IS
w
H
IS
z
H
O
t
Q
W
Q
rj
H
cj
X
I
O
o
w
QAlliance Standard Guano
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Brannans Choice Animal Bone Fertilizer
Biighams Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Blood and Bone Fertilizer
Blood and Bone Fertilizer
Boss Guano
Boss Guano
Bone Compound
Burke County Fertilizer
ll lisn 2947
F W3 819
E 135 2745
F 143 2739
D 146 2799
D 110 2111
D 107 2915
F HSJ 2734
E 111 42
t Bowkers Sol Paciiio Guano
Co
Bradleys Tobacco Fertilizer
BloodBone and Fish Guano
Boyds Animal Bone Guano
Bakers Standard
Butts County Guano
Brannans Select Cotton Seed Meal Guano
BuHalo Bone Guano
Buffalo Bone Guano
Bakers Cotton and Corn Ammd Fertilizer
Blood Bone and Fish Guano
H 110
F 235
D 229
D 234
E 294
E 439
F 192
E 136
F 110
F 110
F 2711
D 146
2708
2891
3085
3052
3054
3057
2818
2747
2918
2152
2968
2799
1084
968
1050
1190
1484
1793
111 63
995
1566
924
1569
1230
168
1159
1554
961
1053
1072
11 2
1083
1464
187 156
216 585
3 04
2 03
45
93
203
178
19
160
82
255
91
328
164
162
115
354
330
311
45
747
8 02
5
5
764
801
723
716
783
688
687
720
498
7 93
861
574
624
588
688
255
367
205
11
242
353
1
147
214
178
220
281
178
267
208
209
41
240
217
263
242
911
952
979
914
930
941
206
2 17
212
201
207
21
9621 2 05
948 205
937 231
891 223
152
121
195
181
114
140
159
125
182
205
1003 210 157
969
865
987
706
1002
902
814
841
851
930
284 251
257
222
201
319
214
234
225
202
207
151
1J
205
132
355
221
228
143
114
16 031 1
17 68 1
17 08I 2
16 19 1
15 92
16 34
16 49
16 11
17 10
11 75
11 92
17 17
11 92
17 31
14 71
19 33
17
16 50
16 56
15 40
15 92
1 Durham Fert Co Durhair N C
1 W M Mallet Jackson Ga
X Coweta Fert Co Newnan Ga
1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
1 Bead Fertilizer Co New York
1 Read Fertilizer Co New York
1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
1 Goulding Fertiliser Cn Pensacola Fla
and Dublin Ireland
Waynesboro Oil Fert Co Waynes
boro Ga
Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
2 Bradley Feitilizer Co Boston Mass
1 Cairo Fertilizer Co Cairo Ga
1 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
2 Chemical Co cf Canton Baltimore Md
1 T R Cannichael Jack on Ga
i Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
1 Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
1 Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
1 Greenville Fert Co Greenville S C
1 Ifiead Fert Co New York N Y

C
Kl
go
K
GO
O
fa
Q
O
g
g
fa
W
Q
ti

fa
fa
W
H
faTABLE No 1Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Beef Blood and B me Fertilizer
Blood and Bone Guano
Cotton and Corn Compound
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Cooper andJohnson Ammoniated Diss Bone
Cotton Fertilizer
Cotton Fertilizer
Crescent Hone Fertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Complete Cotton Fertilizer
Cherokee Ammoniated Bone
Chatham Guano
Climax Guano
Cotton Maker
CO
E 479
D 143
H 111
C 109
D 122
D 130
C 128
C 110
C lit
C 110
D 149
H 118
C 122
II 118
C 122
I 158
eg
3047
3116
2705
2648
280
266
2760
2742
2743
2744
2800
2751
2754
2751
2754
2S01
Phosphoric Acid

CO
1198 2 01
1118 183
1699 129
1890 184
1305 1
1653
1481
1270
1271
1337
1258
1340
1396
13 10
1366
ll20
102
178
182
179
205
416
443
416
ll
81
612
633
709
692
720
839
780
707
653
668
780
612
569
1112
569
714
250
211
2
146
208
123
217
14
192
187
42
290
276
290
270
262
t
892
848
915
838
928
962
997
S54
845
855
822
902
845
902
845
976
O
8 a o S S 1 1
233 206
239 157
265 150
216 312
213 231
201 127
211 151
1
Guaranteed
Analysis
a
3 o
21
200
20
200
237
212
237
212
225
16 97
16 33
17 48
16 95
16 99
16 12
16 85
238 Mi
16 31
16 12
i 5i
I I 95
15 3
ii
15 37
17 09
1 268
231
323
180
115
180
115
160
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
2 1
2 1
2 1
1

S W Travers Co Richmond Va
Wight Weslosky Brown Albany Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co Chaileston S C
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
B wker Fert Co Boston Mass John
D Weld Man iger Savannah Ga
Bowker Fert Co Boston Mass John
D Weld Manager Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Juano Co Savannah Ga

H
O

O
w
Q
H
d
W
I
w Cotton Maker
Cotton Maker
Coweta High Grade Fertilizer
Coweta Animal Bone
Clifton Complete Fertilizer
Carter and Woolfolks Superphosphate
Cumberland Guano
Cotton Seed Meal Mixture
Cairo Guano
Cairo Guano
Chatham Vegetator
ic Chesapeake Guano
Caro Fertilizer
Carroll Co High Grade
Colemans High Grade Ammoniated Guano
Coltjn Seed Compound
Cherokee Soluble Gano
Cherokee An mutilated Fer ilizer
Cotton Plant Guano
Camps Cotton Compound
Chattahoochee Guano
Cairo Alliance Guano
Capital Cotton Fertilizer
1811
168
139
111
171
151
165
127
128
125
2117
217
2
261
166
209
273
275
171
112
195
103
446
2701
2792
2748
2749
28113
2802
2806
2761
2672
2764
2875
2925
3076
3055
2807
2902
2968
2970
2812
3059
2895
1188
517
1073
1026
1070
931
1499
1100
1478
1428
1058
1238
1352
1209
1211
949
1083
983
1035
615
961
2173 1582
30621 1508
77
397
113
306
88
169
72
159
319
280
221
119
92
123
189
110
311
342
79
lS
77
110
168
729
4811
701
768
681
645
800
631
663
595
599
778
771
874
57J
815
588
576
780
823
758
7591
720
279
55
297
256
308
281
171
198
201
307
513
194
132
1
329
290
203
238
287
234
326
232
270
10OS
1042
1001
1024
992
926
971
829
807
902
1112
972
903
1042
901
1105
851
814
1067
1057
1084
991
990
223
238
264
212
200
211
200
225
240
256
273
225
237
310
215
215
202
209
250
235
205
200
209
168
172
225
1 78
115
184
190
199
221
235
435
147
195
251
153
59
143
160
249
1
110
13S
208
17 36
18 03
18 75
17 31
16 26
16 55
16 69
16 23
17 07
17 81
21 53
16 95
17 07
20 38
16 20
17 79
15 40
15 40
19 13
17 80
16 83
16 44
16 92
2
2X
2
2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2
iy4JChesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
iy4 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Clifton Chemical Co Atlanta Ga
Carer Woollolk Albany Ga
Chas Ellis Savannah Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Ai guta Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Ml
R ism Fir ilizer Co Baltimoie Md
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Cairo Fen ilizer Co Cairo Ga
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Coleman Kay Macon Ga
Elbert County Fert Co Elberton Ga
Greenville Fertilizer Co Greenville SC
GreenvlleFertil zerCo GrenvlleSC
Huston Guano Work Ft Valley Ga
McBride Co Newnan Ga
LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
2 Is W Travers Co Richmond Va
1
1
1
1
1
IK
1
3
1
1
2
1
i
l
1
2
Xz
1
t
t1
y
oc
H
w
o
o
o
g
H
Ed
o
I

f
l
w
Ed
N
H
Ed
ITABLE No 1Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Crown Guano
Crown Gu a no
Cigar Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer No 1
Cigar Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer No 2
eg Crocker s Southern Atnmd Bone Superphos
Diss lved Bone Ammonia and Potash
Dabneys i hence Guano
Durham Ammoniated Fertilizer
Double Anchor Soluble Guano
Double Anchor Soluble Guano
Dixie Guano
Dixie Guano
Diamond Cotton Food
Double Aichor Soluble Guano
Dalton Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Double Anchor Ammoniated Fertilizer
1 R Creechs Complete Fertilizer
3009
3009
2872
2873
279
2831
2773
2917
2711
2805
2072
2761
2673
113 B 11
2900
2904
2073
Phosphoric Acid
K
E

X
jiiumnteed
1196 321 643
1196 321 643
858 13 655
918 586
1501 122 710
719 262 624
1051 331 779
108 187 656
1200 127 762
1024 118 779
1478 319 003
14 28 280 595
1582 110 759
700 210 788
1352 231 838
1205 116 887
1582 110 759
286
2
24
163
221
245
301
255
242
1
20t
307
232
221
200
1 34
232
929
929
579
739
931
869
1080
911
1004
940
807
902
991
1000
1088
1024
991
259
259
521
44
201
201
203
205
205
205
240
256
200
261
202
210
2 CO
239 18 10
239
1245
1039
204
39
100
152
140
282
221
235
138
104
150
107
i
18 16
29 77
27 39
16 48
14 69
16 92
16 03
16 68
17 30
17 07
17 84
10 44
17 75
10 95
16
10 44
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
2
4 2
2
KTreadwell Abbott Co Atlanta Ga
ys Walton Whanu Co Charleston SC
10 Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co SavannahGa
Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga
Crocker Fert Ch Co Buffalo N Y
110 A P Brantley Co Blackshear Ga
1 W H Dabney Dabney Ga
IX Durham Fertilizer Co Durham NC
1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S 0
1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
lJRaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
I1 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1
1
1
1
1
Savainah Guano CoSavannah Ga
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Dalton Gu Mfg Co Dalton Ga
Imperial Fert Co Charleston C S
Savannah Guno Co Savannah Ga
H
A
H
O

Q
w
II
Q
d
F
H
d
w
H
I
o
o
Daniels Ammoniated Bone Guano
Davy Crockett Guano
Doubly Ammoniated Truck
Farmers Special Guano S
Eagle Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Empire Guano
Empire Guano
Engle Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Fertilizer
Eagle Amm mated Dissolve1 Bone Fertilizer
Excelsior Guano
Economizer
Etiwan Guano
to
SJ Eddystone Soluble Guano
Eddystone Soluble Guano
Elephant Guano
Euiaw Fertilizer
Eljctric Guano
Excellent Geoi gia Stand Guano
Excellenza Soluble Guano
Excelsior Guano
Edisto Ammoniated Fertilizer1
Ediso Soluble Guano
Edisto Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Edwards Ammoniated Fertilizer
J 103 2892 1507 82 771 251
F 271 2969 1161 96 702 240
C 148 2878 1445 10 875
F 136 2772 1187 178 821 193
II 125 2761 1428 280 595 307
D 128 2672 1478 319 663 204
D 110 2661 1793 93 588 353
D 146 2799 1464 45 688 242
D 133 2673 1582 110 759 232
E 133 2719 12 83 267 784 191
D 120 2687 963 340 531 484
E 116 2662 990 303 564 245
D 106 C 18 1157 445 759 160
L 135 2682 1143 73 705 238
C 107 C 7 1224 123 784 255
E 133 2719 1283 267 781 191
C 20 2912 1358 121 620 388
F 179 3139 1082 91 292 614
F 196 2910 1104 168 773 283
E 164 2720 710 411 640 32
E 166 2721 890 175 750 231
E 166 2721 890 175 750 230
F 217 2898 790 386 430 537
1022 200 150
942 217 237
875 714 363
1017 202 146
902 250 235
867 240 221
941 212 140
930 207 114
991 200 138
975 220 152
1015 240 184
809 220 159
919 202 254
943 251 210
1039

975 220
1008 208
906
1026
950
980
980
967
2
206
275
215
215
200
287
152
126
123
200
160
110
110
124
16 78 1 8
17 20 1 8
29 64 1 7X
16 76 1 8
17 84 H 9
17 07 IX 9
16 34 2 8
15 62 2 8
16 44 8
16 90 2 8
17 98 1 9
15 61 1 8
16 84 1 8
17 85 1 8
19 14 3 8
16 90 2 8
16 66 1 8
16 35 2 A
17 35 f 9
18 03 1 8
16 48 1 8
16 48 1 8
16 12 2 8
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 James M Smith Smithonia Ga
4J Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga
1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
P2 Eaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Head Fertilizer Co New York
1 Read Fertilizer Co New York
1 Savannah Guiiuo Co Savannah Ga
2 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
1 Americus Guano Co Americu Ga
2 Albany F F Imp Cj Albany Ga
1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
2 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga
1 Jno S Reese Co for Uhas A Djo
hitle Auuta Ga
2 Excelsior Mi g Co Washington Ga
1 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
1 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
1 Edisto Phos Co i harleston S C
1 W C Edwards Toccoa
i
CO
M
CO
O
a
o
g
71
a
t
T
11
IS
w
N
TABLE No 1Continued

EAME OF BRAND
Ellis High Grade Am Dis Bone
Egyptian G uano
Eddystune S luble Guano
i Ethvan Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ellis Soluble Pacific Guano
Furman High Grade Guano
Farmers Alliance High Grade
F rest City Ammoniated Dissolved B ne
P rest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Farmers Standard Ammoniated Phosphate
Farmers Friend
Farmers Friend
Fanners Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
D 251
J 107
D 113
F IBS
F 165
B 238
F 219
3089
0 lie
c 114
0 110
D 149
H 133
J 232
D 141
c 115
a
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved BoueC 109
3056
3010
2742
2713
2744
2800
2822
2051
2793
2846
2848
893
1646
896
1339
1499
763
1621
1270
1271
1337
1258
1234
1330
15 i
1385
1390
Ptwsjkurtc Acid
215
191
114
192
72
221
132
178
182
170
205
96
LOG
147
168
184
B
615
45
700
152
800
874
725
707
683
6
780
614
752
627
73
236
987
197
717
171
293
279
147
192
187
42
241
169
173
209
H
t 3
Guaranteed
Anaiyis
3 o

BY WHOM ANTD WHERE MAN
UFACXUREO
6921 1461
851
1032
897
869
971
1170
1004
851
845
855
822I
855
921
800
948
838
242
200
240
200
200
230
211
205
200
201
200
23
2 66
232
212
216
334
243
219
198
190
171
201
238
208
231
323
168
130
136
220
312
17 28
17 0
17 29
15 94
16 09
18 84
17 30
16 26
16 31
16 12
16 50
16 36
17 40
15 66
17 04
16 95
GrovaniaOil F rt Co Grovana Ga
Leibisr Mfg Co for Woort Garrett
1 o Savannah la
Americus Ou mo Co Ame icus Ga
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S O
Chas Ellis Savannah Ga
Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
Corner Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore lid
Read Fertilizer Co New Yurk
Read Fertilizer Co New York
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
b
it
W
H
s
O
S
o
w
o
d
t1
d
w
H
I
O
K
O
wFarmers Standard Guano
Georgia Stale Grange Fertilizer
Georgia State Grange Stand Am Superphos
Good Enough Guano
G luidings St George
Georgia Pacific Guano
Georgia Fertil zer
Gem of Athens Fe tilizer
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia Slate Grange Fertilizer
Georgia State Stand Am Superphos
Georgia State Stand Am Superphos
w Geogia State Stand Am Superphos
so
Gecgia State Stand Am Superphos
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Fertilizer
Gem Guano
Gem Guano
Georgia BoneGuano
Great Cottun and Corn Grower Gumo
Gairdner Arnold Go High Grade Formula
Georgia Standard Guano
Geo C Selmans Ammd Dis Bone Guano
E 1221 2709
02 B 14
2618
C 2G
C 109
A 127
E 111 C 42
A 113 B 11
C 109
F 138
D 101
F 115
J 116
D 114
D 110
D 149
C 116
C 114
2018
2760
1 II
2714
274
2743
2744
2800
2742
2743
C 110 2744
D 119
D 153
F 181
H 103
H 134
F 210
F 234
F 249
2800
2801
2791
2713
2947
2915
3081
2973
1083
13
1390
973
15 66
700
1390
1020
1352
1305
1270
1271
1337
1258
1270
1271
1337
1253
1120
1188
1156
1084
978
911 8031 1221 925
362
184
206
19
210
1
139
3
261
178
182
170
203
178
182
170
205
SI
77
210
187
130
232
1629 1
783 103
692 146
i71
723
788
692
574
73
861
707
653
068
780
707
653
668
780
714
729
741
346
214
221
146
358
103
139
117
1S2
187
42
1 47
192
187
42
262
279
181
656 255
727 14
008 198
601 263
886
838
817
937
10 09
838
932
886
1000
854
845
855
822
854
845
273
210
216
2411 18 481 2
266 16 86
312
36 189
231
261
216
221
210
206
205
200
201
200
205
200
I
855 201
822
976
1008
922
911
870
S06
864
200
225
223
254
205
257
201
235
182
104
312
137
266
222
238
268
231
323
23S
268
231
323
160
1
56
152
182
296
155
16 95
16 32
17 10
17 75
16 95
16 46
16
17 32 2
16 26 1
16 31
16 12
16 50
16 26
16 31
10 1
16 56
17 09
17 36
16 52
16 05
17 18
16 31
16 39
Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansvile a
Baldwin Fertilizer CoPortEoyalSC
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
CoOperative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga
GouldingsF Co Pen Fla Dublin I
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Comer Hull Co Charleston S C
Athens Oil and Fert Co Athens Ga
Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C
Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savam ah Ga
Comer Hui Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Gumo Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Durham Fertilizer Co Durham N C
Gairdner Arnold Co Elberton Ga
T J Lowe Mableton Ga
Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga

f
m
cc
O
Tl
O
o
o

ess
ft
X
00TABLE No 1Continued
NAME OF BRAND
c B 1 a s o G o 0 d 3 cS u o s 0 U 3 I o 2
308li 1081
3135 n44
2792 517
2741 770
2740 1028
2833 1070
2731 1190
2672 1478
2764 1428
2709 1464
2661 1793
2742 1270
2743 1271
2744 1337
2800 1258
2747 1053
2811 1006
Phosphoric ciL
d





o
3 3 Gimruntt ed
Ana ysis

1 32 T C CO 32 if C C s a CO 5j
11
U a
25 J
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTORED
u
H
T
t
g
H
O
ft
ii
a
d
H
a
w
f

M
O
ft
O
Gilt Edge Guano
Gosypmm Pbospho
Gem Guano
Georgia Major Guano
5 Georgia Queen Guano
o
Garrett Zellers Am Dis Bone
Georgia Formula
Giant Guano
Giant Guano
Georgia SubTreasury Guano
Georgia bubTreasury Guano
Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone
Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone
Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone
Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone
Hums Favorite
Houstons Pride
F 281
E 113
E 158
F 145
F U6
E 171
F 143
D 128
H 125
D 146
D 110
C 116
C 114
C 110
D 149
E 137
F 173
79
155
397
219
258
88
203
319
280
45
93
178
182
170
205
115
122
879
864
486
632
597
684
802
663
595
6 88
588
707
653
6
780
861
784
I
236
144
556
256
354
308
112
204
307
242
353
147
192
187
42
41
188
1115
1008
1042
888
951
992
914
867
902
930
941
854
845
855
822
902
972
241
277
238
293
208
2 00
201
240
256
207
212
205
200
201
200
214
160
172
122
175
115
181
221
235
114
140
236
208
231
323
355
215
16 65
18 49
18 03
17 72
16 60
16 26
16 19
17 07
17 84
15 92
16 34
16 26
16 31
16 12
16 56
17 80
17 84
G A Ramspeck Decatur Ga
1 G W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Ga
1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Cooperative Mfg Co Fursyth Ga
1 CoOperative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga
1 Clilton Chemical Co Atlanta Ga
1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
IX Raisin Ferlilizer Co Baltimore Md
ljf Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Rad Fertilizer Co New York
1 Read Fertilizer Co New York
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
iy2 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Houston Guano Works Fort Valley GaHoustons High Grade Melon Guano
Hardees Cotton Boll
Home Fertilizer Chemicals
Humbers Compound
Home Mixture Guano
Henry County Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer
Hart County Fertilizer
High Grade Guano
Hansells State Standard
Hays Ammoniated Diss Bone
Hardees Cotton Boll
Hardees Cott n Boll
Hardees Cotton Boll
Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone
Hogansville Guano
Hardees Cotton Boll
Imperial Ammoniated Fertilizer
Imperial Guano
Imperial Soluble Guano
Imperial Soluble Guano
Imperial Guano
Imperial Guano
Imperial Guano
John M Greens Formula
Jacksons High Grade Fertilizer
F 170
C 116
A 140
D 201
B 123
W 286
F 277
B 138
B 105
C 209
C 1U
C 110
D 149
C 109
E 122
C 109
B 179
B 113
F 15S
E 120
F 126
E 116
D 106
B 113
F 194
28081 10271 74
2742
3111
2901
2913
3078
2966
1270 178
440
891
1033
1210
791
72
274
145
700
7C7
567
733
879
171 583
1711 871
147
1235 132 743
2843
2912
2743
2744
2S00
2648
2709
2648
2D64
2656
2801
2711
2770
2682
C 18
2656
2820
1074 311
13581 124
1271
1337
1258
1390
1083
1390
1205
896
1024
1200
996
990
1157
896
895
838
292
201
121
327
163
138
854
859
934
100o
910
287
205
770
311
231
229
221
3731 19 441 1
23S 16 26 1
749 27 07 4
620 388
182
170
205
184
91
184
116
114
12S
127
317
308
445
114
171
653
668
692
1S2
18
42
146
906 218
976 217
803 122
692 146
887
700
779
762
60
501
759
700
755
137
197
161
242
407
245
160
197
292
10
845
855
822
838
925
838
1024
897
940
1004
1010
809
919
897
1047
226
127
248
225
281
133
18 74 2
16 62 2
18 08 1
16 9i 2
17 32
16 68
2
200
201
200
210
273
216
216
240
205
205
201
220
202
240
233
1201 16 66
2
231
323
312
241
312
107
219
16 31
16 12
16 56
16 95
18 48
16 95
16 83
1729
2821 17 30
16 6S
I
140
104
159
254
219
172
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
I
1
VA
1
16 31 1 8
15 61 1 8
16 84 1 8
17 29 1 8
17 95 5 8
2
7
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Houston Guano WorksFort Valley Ga
Georgia Fertilizer Co Pt Royal S C
Boykin Cramer Co Baltimore Md
BlanehardHumberCoColumbsGa
Columbus Fertil z r Co Girard Ala
A J Henderson Hampton Ga
1 IP S McMullan Hartwell Ga
Kichland Guano Co Eichland Ga
Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Ga
Wilcox Ginbs Guano Co Savh Ga
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal SU
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port R yal SO
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Poyal BC
Comer Hull A Co Savannah Ga
X Middle Ga Mfg CoHgansville Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C
1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
1 Americus Guano Co Amencus Ga
1 Imperial Fert Co Chariest S C
1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
1 Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
1 Almand Moon Jackson Ga

k
go
M
GO
O
o
K
w
pa
o

It1
M
Sd
N
w
GOTABLE No 1Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Jonahs Gourd Guano
J S Wood Bro Aimnoniated Diss Bone
J S Wood Bro Amrnoniated Diss Bone
Jno M Greens Formula
g Jno M Greens Formula
to
Jno M Greens Formula
s
D 156
D 128
H 125
F 126
280i
2672
2764
2770
D 106 C 18
E 116 2G62
Jumbo GuanoJD J 262
Japer Highly Ammoniated F 252 2916
J H Jones eons Standard
J A Garrisons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
J J Sparks Bone boil Food
K ng Guano
King Guano
King Cotton Guano
Kennesaw High Grade Guano
Kennesaw Ammoniated Dissolved B ne
Koton Guano
F 20
F 263
C 252
H 125
D 128
D 139
F 140
II 140
F 237
2887
2838
2929
2764
2072
2683
2824
2954
2906
907
1478
1428
990
1157
990
1143
1150
1075
1250
12SO
112S
1478
904
1315
1248
1060
Phosphoric Acid
178
319
280
317
445
308
73
168
105
211
87
280
3 19
J
255
I
310
2781
n
X
Si
Guaranteed
Analysis
giLag
3 w
r 1
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
596
603
595
603
759
561
705
723
710
709
715
595
663
618
601
757
650
267
204
307
407
160
245
238
276
289
197
120
30
204
3
300
863
867
902
1010
919
809
943
999
100
906
835
902
867
961
904
269 1026
29s 948
230
240
256
201
202
220
251
200
248
226
20l
250
2 10
240
2
203
200
269
221
235
104
2 64
159
210
111
159
154
339
236
221
20
181
163
150
817 18
17 07
17 84
16 34
16 84
15 61
17 85
16 28
17 87
16 51
16 91
17 84
17 07
17 72
17 32
10 90
16 18
1
IK
ilA
l
l
l
2
1
1
2
2
1
Hi
1
1
2
22
2
2
2 I
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2M
2
2
1 Mitchell Co Fert Co Camilla Ga
iy4Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Amerlcus Guano Co Americus Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atl inta Ga
Albany F F Imp Co Albany Ga
h O Binton Bro Monticello Ga
J H Jones Sjns Elberton Ga
1 J A Garrison Rosweli Ga
2 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Raisin Fertilizer Co Bal imore Md
1 Kawls Webb Cuthbert Ga
IK Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga
la Kennesaw Guuio Co A lama Ga
llRome Oil Mill Rome Ga
w
S
H
O
3
t
o
w
o
d
T
H
n
to
w
I
Q
w
o
w
oLane Bros Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Lane Bros Ammo mated Dissolved Bone
Lingon Wuodson Ainmoniated Dissolved
Boue
Lmgst n Wodson I X L Ammoniated
Boue S ipetphosphate
Liters Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Lister Harvest Queen
Lee Brand Guano
Liltles Ammoniated Disolved Bone
Line Bros Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Lane Bioss Ammoiiafcd Dissolved Bone
Lanes Our Own
to
Lockwoods Ctton Grower
Lockwoids Cotton Grower
Listers Guano
Lanes W T Bros Ammd Diss Bono
L ckwood Cotton Grower
Monarch Soluble Ammoniaied Guano
M narcu S luble Ammoniated Guano
Mareta Hili Grade Guano
Mannings High Grade
Mastadon Pho pho
Matchless Cotton Grower
Matchless Cotton Grower
C 116
C 114
F 246
A 13
E 175
J 147
F 201
B 105
C 110
l 149
C 119
E 120
F 158
H 113
G 109
A 113
F 132
H 138
D 216
F 214
F 130
D 110
D 146
2742
2743
2909
1270
1271
1617
2930 1385
2876 1275
2S77
2888
2843
2744
2800
2759
2711
2805
2750
2648
B 11
295S
2769
2994
2903
2765
2661
2799
1781 707
182 653
1372
1179
1074
1337
1258
1285
1200
1024
1464
139J
760
992
1002
14 85
1345
1480
1793
1464
123
209
221
170
164
311
170
20
211
127
118
132
LSI
210
313
298
110
119
88
93
45
660
715
714
752
742
838
668
780
860
762
779
803
692
788
765
730
739
894
759
5
6
147
192
347
221
204
16
361
138
187
42
125
242
161
146
146
222
270
260
854
845
1007
936
918
921
205
200
252
330
252
215
238
268
lOi
158
1106 218
976 217
855 201
822 200
985 217
lOOl 205
I
940 20
949 223
216
16 26
16 31
17 52
19 67
1009
1035
990
165 904
151 10IS
191 950
35S 941
242
190
184
2
133
231
323
59
140
282
214
312
101
1
181
211 100
200 146
230 155
212 140
207 114
261
209
212
17 52
16 60
18 81
16 68
16 12
ie 5
16 16
16 68
17 30
17 26
16 95
17 751 iy2
17 4l 2
17 06 2
15 78
16 95
16 96
16 34
15 92
8
8
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savanuah Ga
1 Liebig Manufacturing Co for Langslon
Woodson Atlanta Ga
1 Liebi Manufacturing Co for Langston
Wo dson Atlanta Ga
1 Listers Ag Ch Works Newark NJ
1 Listers Ag Ch Works Newark NJ
2 James G Tinsley CoRichmond Va
1 Geo W Scott Mf g Co Atlanta Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
1 10 Port Royal Fert Co Port Riyal S C
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Listers Agricultural Chem cal Works
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga
1 Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga
1 Marietta Guano Co Atlania Ga
1 W J Manning Powder Springs Ga
1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
1 Read Fertilizer Co New York
1 Read Fertilizer Co New York

I1
Kj
go
H
CO
o
O
o
g
g
H
Sd
o

w
w
H
t
II
IS
H
S3
GOTAHLK So iembmued
NAME OF BRAND
Manatee Guano
Manatee Guano
Meils Cotton Grower
Monarch GuanoF 149
F 14
D 16
F 126
F 105
D 122
142
130
c Monroe Guano
Matchless Cotton Grower
Navassa Cotton Fertilizer
Nassau Guano
Nassau Guano
Newton C unty High Grade
Orange Growers Own Guano
Old Dominion
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
0 128
F 129
C 335
E 366
D 116
D 114
D 110
2735
2734
2945
2770
2694
2680
2776
2686
2760
2775
3074
fhuaphirric eta
1035
995
1363
996
1025
1305
1388
1653
1484
952
1212
3010j 1632
2742 1270
2743 1271
2744 1337
171
17S
203
317
187
166
155
74
102
224
19
132
178
182
789
801
764
603
127
147
1
407
732 342
720 208
916
948
962
1010
1074
928
794
839
780
661
839
725
707
653
318 1112

I
OuurutUied
A na ynig
32

a

BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
1701 668 187
123 962
217 997
338 999
122 961
279 1004
147 854
192 845
187 855
247 235
205 125
205 159
201 104
243 132
213 231
2 CO 279
200 127
211 151
251 142
322 1009
211
205
200
201
17 74
16 11
16 49
16 34
18 08
16 99
18 53
16 12
17 76
26 08
201 17 30
238 16 26
288 10 31
231 16 12
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga
Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S 0
Navassa Guano Co Wilmingt in N C
V4 Bowker Fert Co Boston Mass Jno
I D Weld Manager Savannah Ga
Bowker Fert Co B ston llas Jno
D Weld Manager savannah Ga
Cook Hays Covington Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
0
H

W
H
3
H
C

w
Q
a
t1
a
g
i

w
c
w
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone
Old Reliable
Orr Hunters Matchless Blood B Guano
Orr Hunters Matchless Blood B Guano
Our Own
Ocmulgee Guano
Ocmulgee Guano
Oh mplc Guano
Olympic Guano
Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dls Bone
Old Ti me Guano
Owl Brand Guano
tJ Planters Soluble Guano
OS
D 149
C 119
D 128
H 12
U 133
D 167
F 148
D 167
F 148
0 109
H 103
A 112
B 213
2800
2759
2672
2764
2673
2915
2734
2945
2734
2648
2713
B 9
1258
1285
1478
14
1582
1363
995
205
211
31J
2
110
203
780
860
663
595
759
764
13631 203
995 178
1390 184
178 801
764
801
1156
856
Pope Fleming Ammonia
Peerless Guano
Pride of Dooly Guan
Plw Boy Brnd
Planters Pi ide Guano
Powells Tip Top Bone Fertilizer
Pure Peruvian Guano
edFertF 135
Port Koyal Cotton Fertilizer
Port Koyal Cotton Fertilizer
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer
J 153
E 190
F 221
H 194
0 342
D 116
D 114
D 110
2841 1252
2957 1160
I
28S6 1066
3118 1112
2840 1189
2839 1250
2905
3065
2742
2743
2744
1150
1323
1270
12 71
133
210
las
235
99
1
42
118
211
101
490
178
182
170
692
741
649
571
844
550
7011
731
709
7
752
707
653
42
125
201
307
232
1
147
1
147
146
181
286
234
207
250
211
207
197
279
393
147
192
187
822
985
867
902
991
962
948
962
948
838
922
935
805
1051
800
917
941
906
1009
1145
854
845
855
200
217
240
256
200
205
205
205
205
216
254
290
201
16 56
16 16
17 07
17 84
16 44
16 49
16 11
223
59
221
235
138
159
125
1591 16 49
125 16 11
I
312 16 95
56 16 52
212 18 74
277
211 131
257 181
215
16 I
17 12
16 61
205
226
211
766
205
200
201
182 16 55
164 16 36
154 16 51
300 18 13
341 32 87
238 16 20
208 16 31
231 16 12
2
2
Vt
2
2
2
o
2
2
2T
2
2
2
2H
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2 Corner Hull Co Savannah Ga
lioport Koyal Fert Co Port Royal S C
1U Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
IK Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Southern Phosphate Works Maecn Ga
1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
ra c Commercial Guano Co Savannah G
1 Divie Whittle Petersburg Va
1
A D Adiar McCarty Bros Atlanta
Ga
August Guano Co Augusta Ga
Bradley Alford Hartwell Ga
Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga
Farmers Supply Co Maccn Ga
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
W S Powell Co Baltimore Md
Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
00
Pi
Ul
O

o
o
S
P3
a

s
N
pi
W
GOTABLE No 1Continued
NAME OF BRAND
i A iJ osphurie Acid
u JD S 00

s 3 CM 5 O
3 u o V T eS w
CD a g eg T C o 3 4 0 c 1 0 d J3 5 c 0 E 1 09 3 p
1 cS
E3
Port Royal Cotton FertilizerD 149
Pomona GuanoH 118
Plaiter Solub e GuanoF 143
Po haitan Raw Bone Am SuperphosF 188
to
t mac GuanoH 125
Pot mac Guano D 128
Penguin Gu no F i49
Patent Pacific GuanoF 104
Phopnix GuanoD 129
Pure Ammi niated Bone Veg table FertC 118
Port Rval Cotton FertilizerC 109
Plow Brand Raw Bone Snperphophate D 123
Rouglitous fetF 14
I
2800 1258
2751 1340
2739 1190
2816
2704
2672
2735
263
21181
2615
2648
2684
2739
1209
1428
1478
1035
16 87
10 53
90j
1390
1064
1190
205
416
203
12
281
S 19
17
116
381
114
184
297
203
780
612
802
631
591
663
789
6S2
555
587
802
42
290
112
237
307
204
127
266
389
212
146
455
112
822
902
914
873
902
I
867
916
918
944
800
838
1042
914
200
237
201
200
256
240
274
203
214
691
216
270
201
323
180
181
12
23
221
235
211
197
16 56
16 95
16 1
15 4
17 8J
17 07
17 74
16 5
16 87
Guaranteed
Alu iyyjs
I
622 30 56
I
312 16 95
225 19 22
181 10 19
1
a
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
i i
corner Huli Co Savanrah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Loreniz Rittler Baltimore Md
Raisn Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
2 1J Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
2 Southern Phos Co Atlanta Ga
1 Walion Whann Co Charleston S C
5 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
2J4 Waltjn Whann Co Charleston S 0
1 Georgia Chem Works B E Roughton
Augusta Ga
H

o
w
M
a
f
H
a
w
H
I
O
K
o
w
oReese Pacific Guano
Rome C C GuinoF
Richmond Brand Guano
Rockdale Standard Ammoniated Guano
Rabbit Foot Guano
Ruth s Good Luck Guano
Rescue Guano
Rescue Guano
Reliance Ammoniated Superphos
Reliable H R Uos
Royal Soluble G lanj
Soluble Guano
to Soutlern States Standard
cs
Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime
Soluble Guano
SLernes Ammd Raw Bone Superphosphate
Soluble Gu no
Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime
Smth Carolina Ammd Disolved Bone
Siais Ammoniated Bone
Seals Ammoni ited Bone
Seal Ammoniated Bone
Stonewall Guano
Stonewall Guino
St jnewall Guano
171 3139 1082
ati 2911 1214
436 3072 1237
124 2763 1128
173 2811 1000
188 2810 1207
its 2734 993
117 2915 13 C
121 2681 1053
122 2709 1083
122 2680 1305
113 B 11 760
101 2704 1832
11 A 10 907
122 2680 1305
126 2706 1218
112 2658 928
108 C 8 1155
119 2751 1285
153 2801 1120
181 2791 1188
168 2792 517
153 2801 1120
181 2791 1188
158 2792 517
91
315
215
08
122
225
1
203
381
91
166
210
104
184
160
65
303
178
211
81
77
397
8
7
397
80
587
686
784
636
801
764
555
803
720
788
in
Srt
340
36
1
237
147
198
389
122
20S
221
773 295
268
922 139
734 277
859 206
860 125
714 262
729 2 9
486 556
714J 262
729 27
486 55b
90
955
927
1055
97
87
948
962
944
925
928
1009
1068
1079
928
1061
101
1063
985
976
1008
1042
976
1008
1042
230
223
21
237
239
20J
205
205
214
273
213
261
202
260
213
250
231
261
217
22
223
238
225
223
238
169 16 94
I
137 16 32
148 17 92
215 17 S4
I
129 15 42
I
125 16 11
i
159 16 49
I
197 16 S7
241 18 48
1
23l 16 99
I
104 17 75
157 17 25
125 18 47
231 16 99
256 19 14
193 17 SO
219 19 12
59 16 16
160 17 09
168 17 36
172 18 03
160 17 09
168 17 86
172 18 03
1 Jno S Rtese Co Carteret N J
1 Rome Chemical Co Rome Ga
1 James G Tinsley Co Richmond Va
1 jConyers Oil and Fert Co Conyers Ga
iy4 Houston Guano Wo ks Fort Valley Ga
1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
1 S uthern Pnosphate Wks Macon Ga
1 Southern Phosphate Wks Maeon Ga
1 Walton Whann Co Chailesion S C
iy2 Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansville Ga
1 Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
1 Imperial Fert Co Charleton S C
1 C L Montague Co Savannah Ga
iy4 G Ober Sons Co Baliimore Md
Royal Fert Co Charleston S O
1 Stand Gu Chem Mig Co N O La
1 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston S C
IK G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
110 Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
14 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
1H Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
y2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
IK Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md

Ul
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COTABLE No 1Confirmed
NAME OF BRAND
Sterling Guano
Sterling Guano
SJa Gull Ammoniated Dissolved Pone
Soluble Sea Island Guano
02 Soluble Sea Island Guano
oo
South American Guano
Sou h American Guano
South Georgia Bone Superphos
South Georgia Bone Superphos
Stubbs Tisons Ammd Dissolved Bone
Slubbs Tisons Ammd Dissolved Bone
Southern Ammd Dissolved Bone
Sterii ng Guu no
Small Grain SpeL ific
Standard Guano
Soluble Guano
Sibleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone

H 121
H 125
D 128
H 125
D 12S
D 110
D 146
H 125
D 128
F 101
A 113 B
II 111
D 130
H 111
C 115
Pliosphuric Acid

0J
O
Guarantied
Ana ysis

c

X
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
F 158 2
E 120 2711
2703
2764
2072
2764
2672
2661
2799
2704
2G72
2057
11
2705
2685
2705
2040
1024 118
1200 127
1379 90
1428 290
1478 319
1428 280
1478 319
1793 93
1464 45
1428 280
1478 319
16 S7 i46
760 210
1099 129
1155 197
1699 129
1385 108
779
762
843
595
663
595
663
585
688
595
663
652
7
709
793
709
739
161
242
1S0
307
204
307
204
353
242
307
204
266
221
200
213
206
209
940
1004
1023
902
864
902
864
941
930
902
864
918
1009
915
1006
915
948
205
205
2
256
240
256
240
212
207
256
240
205
261
265
22
265
212
140
178
235
221
235
221
140
114
235
221
211
104
150
186
150
220
17 30 IK 8 2
16 68 IK 8 2
17 92 1 8 2
17 84 IK 9 2K
17 07 IK 9 2K
17 84 IK 9 2X
17 07 IK 9 2K
16 34 2 8 2
15 92 2 8 2
17 84 IX 9 2K
17 07 IK 9 2K
16 56 2 8 2
17 75 IK 8 2
17 48 2 8 2
17 35 1 8 2
17 48 2 8 2
17 04 1 8 2
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
IK Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
iy4 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Read Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1 Read Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
1J4 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
IVi Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
2 Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
1 Albany Fert Farm I Co Albany G a
1 Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
1 Comer Hull Co for Sibley Mixou
Co Augusta Ga
n
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Samson Guano
Stcnevvall Brand Guano
Stono Soluble Guano
Scotts Animal Ammoniated Guano
Special Cotton Guano
South Georgia Bone Superphosphate
South Georgia Florida Tobacco Guano
Standard Cotton Seed Meal Guano
Sea Bird High Grade Guano
Sjlid South Guano
Sunny South Guano
Samana Guano
to Tobacco Guano

Truckers Del ght
Tussehaw Guano
Truck Fariers Friend
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Tread well Abbotts Ammd Dissolved Bone
Treadwell Abbotts Ammd Dissolved Bone
Truck Farmers Special Guano
Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Victor Guano
D 155 3116 1113 183 633 211 844 239 157 16 33 2 1 8 2 1
F 201 2888 1179 164 742 364 1106 218 266 18 81 2 8 2 1
F 202 3128 810 400 780 200 980 255 130 17 60 2 8 VA 1
B 105 2843 1074 311 838 138 976 217 133 16 6S 1 8 2 1
C 164 2870 1411 377 541 346 8 87 215 37 15 16 1 8 2Tr ace
C 311 3069 1697 87 688 182 870 205 181 15 52 1 8 2 1
D 225 3070 1243 104 771 122 893 318 500 21 37 2 8 4 5
E 190 2840 1189 118 731 207 941 205 164 16 36 1 8 2 1
H 140 2824 1315 255 604 300 904 255 180 17 32 1 9 2K W
D 210 2994 1485 110 739 165 904 211 100 15 78 1 8 2 1
F 280 3080 1079 109 934 151 1085 224 16 65 1 8 2
F 219 3010 1621 132 725 279 1004 211 201 17 30 2 8 2 2
J 131 2871 768 119 695 200 895 401 463 23 13 2 8 4 1
E 445 3058 1082 88 394 373 767 494 438 24 09 2 8 t 2
F 191 2817 1129 169 673 143 8K 275 182 17 19 2 8 2 1
B 254 3048 1343 230 718 239 95 205 142 16 31 1 8 2 3
C 110 2742 1270 178 707 147 85 205 238 16 26 1 8 2 2
C 114 2743 1271 182 653 192 845 200 268 16 31 1 8 2 2
0 110 2744 1337 170 668 187 855 201 231 16 12 1 8 2 2
D 149 2800 1258 205 780 42 822 2 CO 323 16 56 1 8 2 2
H 125 2701 1428 280 595 307 902 256 235 17 81 IX 9 2 IX
D 128 2672 1478 319 663 204 867 240 221 17 07 iy2 9 xA 1
0 126 2758 1714 1080 32 1112 333 373 22 48 i 10 4 4
C 109 2648 1390 184 692 146 838 216 312 16 95 i 8 2 2
A 113 B U 760 210 788 221 1009 261 1 104 17 75 W 8 2 2
Wight Weslosky Brown Albany Ga
Jas G Tinsley Co Richmond Va
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Ga
Baugh Sons Co Baltimore Md
M A Davis Cairo Ga
Head Fertilizer Co New York
Farmers Supply Co Macon Ga
Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Q A Ramspeck Decatur Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Savannah Ga
Chem Co of Canton Baltimore Md
Jackson Oil Mill Jackson Ga
Schloze Bros Chattanooga Tenn
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Wilcox Gibbs Guano CoSavnh Ga
Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C

co
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Ed
COTABLE No 1Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric Acid
CJ
o tf
Go
Guaranteed
AiKiijUi
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Viet r Guano
Vegetaior
Victor Guano
W O C Guano
Wet VVeis Eclipse Guano
o Williama Formula
Wlliams Cos Standard Bone Suerphos
Williams Co Standard Bone Superphos
Williams tos Standard Bone Superphos
Williams Co s standard Bone Superphos
Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Westona Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Walton Guano
Williams A Co s Standard Bone Superphos
Westona Ammoniated Disolvec Bone
Wilcox Gibbs Cos Manipuated Guano
Yows Ammoniated Dissolved Bme
F 158 2805
C 228 2883
a 120 2711
E MO 305H
J 136 2907
F 171 2809
C 111 2742
C 114 2743
C 110 2744
D H9 2S0O
C 116 2741
C 111 2743
C 11U 2744
D 149 2800
F 126 2770
C 109 2648
0 10 2648
C 112 2642
E 166 2720
1024
1086
1200
1197
1073
991
1270
1271
1337
1258
1270
1271
1337
1258
996
1390
1390
883
710
118
171
127
77
869
762
92 881
160 734
109 794
178 707
182 053
170 668
205 780
178 707
182 653
170 608
205 780
317 603
184 692
181 692
133 565
411 640
161
260
242
182
211
181
147
102
187
42
147
192
187
42
40
146
146
295
320
940
1129
1004
1063
945
978
854
815
855
822
851
845
85
82
1011
838
838
86
91
205
241
205
307
245
255
205
200
201
200
205
200
201
200
201
216
216
314
275
282 17 30
159 18 69
iy2 8
140
214
144
301
16 68
20 42
17 19
18 90
238 16 26
208 16 31
231 16 12
323 16 56
238 16 26
2 OS 16 31
231 16 12
323 16 50
104 16 34
312 16 95
812 16 95
363 19 92
160 18 08
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC
Miller Lipplncott Co Baltimore Bid
Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
West Weis Albany Ga
Houston Guano Works Ft Valley Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah ia
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port R rial SC
Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C
Georgia Fertilizer Co P rt Royal S C
Walton Guano Co Sucial Circle Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Georgia Fernlier Co Port Royal S C
Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C

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QTABLE No 2
Cotton Seed Meals Analyzed Under Provisions of Calvin Bill Approved July 221891
c o a 3 S u a a 3 A b 1 u o o A 1 a 3 13 la Guaranteed Analysis BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFA
NAME OF BRAND si a o a a 3 DTURED
A 102 A 103 A 107 B 100 A 108 A 110 A 111 A 114 A 115 D 103 A 117 D 112 A 118 A 119 B 103 E 102 E 104 A 3 A 4 A 7 A 8 A 9 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 18 B 19 B 20 B 21 B 22 C 6 C 9 C 10 843 891 881 871 e76 871 895 847 876 847 876 867 844 880 820 896 898 20 24 21 39 21 15 20 91 21 03 20 91 21 48 20 33 21 03 20 33 21 03 20 81 20 26 21 12 19 68 21 51 21 56 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove Ga Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove Ga Rome Oil Mills Rome Ga Muscogee Oil Co Columbus Ga Elberton Oil Co Elberton Ga Milledgeville Oil Mill Milledgeville Ga Southern Cotton Oil Mill Atlanta Ga Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga Excelsior Manufacturing Co Washington Ga Albany Oil and Refining Co Albany Ga Jackson Oil Mill Jackson Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Atlanta Oil Mill Kirkwood Ga Mfacon Oil and Fertilizer Co Macon Ga LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ga Middle Georgia Manufacturing Co Hogansville McBride Co Newnan Ga



2










Ga

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00
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N
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00
ITABLE No 2Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Li Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Sea Island Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
6
A
s A
L
a a Srf
s 2 eS OS

o a
s cS go o A a i
Guaranteed
A 120
A 121
A 123
A 122
D 105
A 126
4579
E 118
D 126
C 117
F 139
M 135
F 262
F 190
F 187
F 289
F 262
C 11
C 12
C 13
C 15
C 20
C 25
B 2
2668
2675
264
2725
2019
2836
2784
2783
2790
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
876
868
870
876
798
874
914
820
816
649
860
750
840
759
771
823
840
21 03
20 84
20 88
21 03
19 16
20 98
21 94
19 68
19 58
15 58
20 64
18 00
20 16
18 22
18 51
19 75
20 16
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
550
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
Farmers Cooperative Manufacturing Co Griffin Ga
Augusta Oil Mill Augusta Ga
Georgia Farmers Oil and Fertilizer Co Madison Ga
Augusta Oil Mill Augusta Ga
Dawson Oil Mill Dawson Ga
Cooperative Manufacturing Co Forsyth Ga
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
West Point Oil Mills West Point Ga
Farmers and Merchants Oil and Guano Co Fort Gaines Ga
The A P BrantleyCo Blackshear Ga
Athens Oil and Fertilizer Co Athens Ga
W T Morton James Station Ga
Cotton Oil and Manufacturing Co Locust Grove Ga
Twiggs Oil and Fertilizer Co Jeffersonville Ga
C T Lathrop Hawkinsville Ga
Conyers Oil and Fertilizer Co Conyers Ga
FarmersCotton Oil and Manufacturing Co Locust Grove Ga
o
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QTABLE No 3
Superphosphates with Ammonia and Potash
NAME OF BEAND
Ashepoo Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot
Arcadia Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot
Acid Phosphate Ammonia and Potash
13 Beef Blood and Bone Compound
CO
Bakers W C Amm Dissolved Bone
Baltimore Dissolved Bone
Central City Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot
Dissolved Bone Ammonia and Potash
Dissolved Bone Phos Amm and Potash
Etowah Superphosphate
Farmers Favorite Fertilizer
Farmers Favorite
Furmans Sol Bone Ammonia and Potash
Howe Bros Cotton Grower Dissolved Bone
J J Taylors Diss Bone Amm and Pot
Kennesaw B and B Compound
XI a ft Phosphoric Acid


N



Gfl 6 a a 5
3 3 0 fc9 C3 5 0
a 1
0 s 1 H e3
B 108
F 150
F 236
B 236
B 236
D 207
F 150
H 128
H 128
F 113
D 227
J 111
F 101
F 150
J 114
K 156
2862
2737
2865
3051
3051
2846
2737
2792
2752
2718
3007
2866
2663
2737
1336
918
1225
12
1245
1411
913
1376
1366
1667
1827
154
862
918
2866 1542
30921 984
183
270
128
150
160
69
227
233
233
182
120
113
46
270
113
301
802
810
675
861
861
902
810
814
814
737
578
6S2
597
810
682
715
344
307
212
126
126
69
307
220
220
2
494
411
311
307
411
316
1126
1117
987
987
1001
1117
1034
1034
1035
10 72
1093
908
1117
1093
1061
132
107
50
132
132
100
107
106
106
133
1
110
125
107
110
125
O ra
V
K
164
110
130
153
153
151
110
179
179
104
1 22
120
218
110
120
105
16 09
14 99
11 94
14 88
14 S8
14 22
14 99
14 85
14 85
14 91
14 76
14 95
14 61
14 99
14 95
14 92
Guaranteed
Analysis

5
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
10 1
8 1
9 H
8 1
S 1
10 1
8 1
10 a
10 K
10 1
10 1
10 1
8 1
8 1
10 1
10 IX 1
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Southern Phos Works Macon Ga
J A Bale Rome Ga
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Md
Southern Phos Works Macon Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
M A Davis Cairo Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
Southern Phos Works Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga

k4
go
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1
N
K
go
ITABLE No 3Continued
NAME OF BRAND

u
a
s a
i 9 fc
3



a u
O

w J
a
Marietta Guano Co Diss BoneB
Manatee Dissolved Bone Amm Pot f
Mon ogram Cotton Special

O K Dissolved BoneF
is Powells Home Compoundd
F
E
B
J
J
Ramspecks Sol Bone Phosphate
Rainbow Soluble Phosphate
Rainbow Soluble Phosphate
Roddenbury Special
Standard Bone Ammonia and Potash
Suwannee Dis Bone Ammonia and Potash D
Sea Bird B BSuperphosphateE
Wando Diss Bone Amm and PotC
Walton Whann Co Dis Bone Am Pot F
nrl
2737
2868
2864
3077
3079
3064
2867
2866
2866
8090
3092
3071
2814
Phosphoric Acid
05
u
1245
918
In In
13 SO
1434
1160
743
1213
154
1 r 4 J
10
981
1050
993
150
270
205
182
7
113
178
192
11
113
166
301
330
317
861
810
558
807
020
995
724
887
682
G82
697
715
821
556
126
807
328
280
234
124
285
227
411
411
241
346
324
470
987
1117
886
10 87
8 57
1119
1009
1114
1093
1093
938
1061
1145
1026
O
A 1 o a a M Si in 2 o
132 153
107 110
115 183
100 153
170 197
199
101 234
lOi 124
ii 120
110 120
179 186
I i 105
101 189
197 167

Guarantied
Analysis
22 32
14 88
14 99
13 92
14 68
15 25
Hi 32
14 96
11 93
II 95
14 95
15 SS
II 92
15 79
16 88
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
1 Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
1 Southern Phos Works Macon Ga
1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
iy2 Orr Hunter Athens Ga
1 Wm Powell Cairo Ga
G A Ramspeck Decatur Ga
1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
1 Amerieus Guano Co Americus Ga
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah la
I2 Grovania Oil TrustCoGrovaniaGa
1 Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga
1 WandorhcsphateCo CharlestonS C
A Walton Whann Co Charleston S C
a
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oNAME OF BKAND
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate and Potash
Ashepoo Bone Ash
tc Acid Phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Americus Dissolved Bone and Potash
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Adairs Formula
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Bowkers Dissolved Bone and Potash
Brighams Dissolved Bone Potash
Bone Phosphate with Potash
Bone Phosphate with Potash
TABLE No 4
Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates with Potash
A 128 C 37
A 1280 S
F 157

Cl
3 t e3
ft o o 0 3
H 2 o
02 J
F 131
H 126
H 115
E 114
D 11
E 111
J 161
H 181
H 130
H i
D 187
B 137
2729
2731
2732
2666
2679
2666
2878
843
943
1271
1290
1263
1015
1238
L066
1238
1220
Phosphoric Acid

2917 L492
2753 1283
2731 1263
2914 1254
2921 1236
159
159
88
127
127
317
137
457
137
110
70
114
127
194
93
940
940
834
902
953
847
771
210
771
604
759
1032
953
922
919
498
498
209
314
270
355
383
791
383
402
524
296
270
248
3 OS
1283
1328
1223
1170
1227
1438
14381
1043
1216
1223
1202
1151
10 01
1154
1006

fcS
Guaranl
Analysi
ed
I So 2
0 o u o

2 pk

9 r Z
0 4
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
169
169
100
108
170
114
196
154
196
216
15 4f
15 46
11 75
13 68
13
13 13
13 40
il si
13 40
12 38
115 1378
124 14 22
170
200
261
13 75
13 56
14 50
1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S O
1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
1 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
1 Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga
1 leorgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga
1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Mil
1 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
1 Athens Oil Fert Co Athens Ga
2 A D Adair McCarty Bros Atlanta
Ga
1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
ljf Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
1 Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga
1J4 Richland Guano Co Richland Sa
1 Richland Guano Co Richland Ga
2J
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I
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WTABLE No 4 Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Bone and Potash
Bone and Potash Mixture
Cherokee Acid Phosphate and Potash
Cherokee Acid Phosphate and Potash
L Cotton Plant Bone
hai leston Acid Phosphate
Double Anchor Acid Phosphate
Dissolved Bone and Potash
Eagle Add Phosphate
Eagle Acid Phosphate
Eutaw Acid Phosphate and Potash
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Parish Furman Formula
i leorgia Bone Compound
Heaths Soluble Bone
Imperial Acid Phosphate
H 17
F 247
F 274
F 195
F 172
E 107
F 103
D 117
H 16C
H 126
A 122
E 129
E 130
F 111
H 220
Mil
F 103
a
2849
2S
2879
2900
2810
C 40
2667
2679
28C0
2731
O 37
2717
2720
2099
2928
292
266
1100
1366
1307
1310
1272
1430
1194
1001
1745
1203
943
1381
U03
1097
1096
1178
1194
Phosphoric Acid
141
101
119
193
118
232
269
457
55
127
159
188
127
33T
0
155
269
825
867
623
853
839
807
210
1104
953
940
71
86t
775
1030
893
807

265
389
182
394
499
239
327
791
258
270
498
29s
23
432
363
280
327
0J Guaranteed
cs a o a a O n M a o S3 Analysis
VI 32 it csa a 3 o a 1 m s
1133
1214
1049
1017
1352
10 78
11 34
IIIIll
13112
122
1438
1013
1092
1207
1393
1179
1131
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
410 14 94 2 10
201 13 92 o s
113 11 90 2 10
119 11 OS o 10
201 15 03 2 9
190 12 75 1 10
104 12 99 2 10
154 11 SI 1 10
155 11 71 IX 12
170 13 75 1 10
179 15 46 4 10
112 11 84 1 10
156 12 59 1 10
327 14 88 2 10
582 L8 In 2 10
297 11 111 o 10
164 12 99 2 10
1
IX
1
1
1
1
2
Baldwin Fert Co Savannah Ga
James G Tinsley Co Richmond Va
Greenville Fert Co Greenville S C
Greenville Fert Co Greenville S C
Houston Guano Works Ft Valley Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
Americus Guano Co Auiericus Ga
A W Carwile Jr Augusta Ga
Z W Carwile Jr Augusta Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
a
w
H
2
H
O

C
W
II
Q
d
d
H
d
W
w
I

w
o
w
Howes Phosphate and Potash
Lockwood Acid Phosphate
Magnolia Acid Phosphate
Nassau Dissolved Bone and Potash
Potash Acid Phosphate
Potasso Phospho
Potash Acid Phosphate
Stono Acid Phosphate
Sterling Acid Phosphate
Victor Acid Phosphate
Wando Acid Phosphate and Potash
Willcox Gibbs Co Superphosphate
F 2S5 3087 1452
F 103 2667 1194
F 204 2882 1329
H 130 2753 1283
D 184 2881 1470
D 215 2880 1164
D 145 2798 1401
E 107 C 40 1430
F 103 2667 1194
F 103 2667 1194
C 283 2931 1272
C 331 3008 1329
82 747
269 807
179 981
1141032
74 631
68 1213
102 806
232 839
269
269
234
83
807
807
9
797
290
327
309
296
284
360
384
2
327
327
283
342
1037
1134
1290
1328
915
1573
1190
1078
1134
1134
1213
1139
3 OS 13 361 2 8
164 12 99 2 10
100 13 73 3 10
124 14 22 2 11
375 12 92 2 8
201 16 80 1 12
187 13 62 2 10
190 1275 1 10
164 12 99 2 10
164 12 99 2 10
101 13 11 10
323 14 29 1 10
2 T J Iowe BlabletonGa
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Orr Hunter Athens Ga
r Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
2 Cordele Guano Co Corele Ga
2 Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Ga
1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
1 Stono Phos Works Charleston S C
1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C
1 Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
2K Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Ga

GO
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to
GCTABLE No 5
Plain Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric Acid
Acid PhosphateF 147
Acid PhosphateA 124
Ashley Dissolved BoneE
i Acid PhosphateD 137
CO
Atlanta Soluble BoneE 117
Amerieus Dissolved BoneD 107
Atlantic Dissolved BonejE 110
Ashepoo Dissolved Bone E lOti
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate E 100
B F Co High Grade Acid Phosphate
Cordele Dissolved BoneJ 124
Champion Acid Phosphate F 215
Cotton Boll Acid Phosphate
Chicora Dissolved Bone H 161
Chatham Acid PhosphateF 116
Chatham Aeid PhosphateJC 121
2738
14
2665
2688
2600
C i
C I
C 17
C 17
3061
2953
2842
2041
2848
2742
2782
1149
1107
1276
1312
1336
1236
1258
1219
1219
535
2001
1502
1617
1576
1095
1452
927
215
192
109
104
196
166
55
166
160
407
87
203
31
1029
1004
1258
774
924
103S
910
910
1117
816
769
1110
115 12
453J 707
3121 8
458
385
385
304
316
301
422
434
434
305
358
388
169
214
525
452
1385
1414
1389
1562
1090
1225
1460
1344
1344
1422
1171
1157
1279
1494
1232
1340
0 v
ta
w
Guaranteed
Analysis
11
3h
13 68
13 92
13 72
15 10
11 321
12 40
14 28
13 36
13 36
13 97
11 96
11 86
12 84
14 58
12 46
1 13 32
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Ga Farm Oil Fert Co MadisonGa
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Albany Fert F I Co Albany Ga
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Amerieus Guano Co Americas Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charlaston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Savannah Ga
Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga
James G Tinsley Co Richmond Va
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Chicora Fert Co Charleston S C
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co SavannahGa
W

H
g
H
Sj
H
O
krj
i
T
s
Q
H
e
w

I
o
w
o
w
Oihicora Acid Phosphate
Coweta High Grade Acid
Central City Acid rhosphatc
Dissolved Bone
Double Anchor Dissolved Bone
Diamond Soluble Bone
Dissolved Bone Aeid Phosphate
Dissolved Bone
Dalton High Grade Acid Phosphate
Durham Acid Phosphate
Ezells Dissolved Bone
Eutaw Acid Phosphate
Excelsior Acid Phosphate
Edisto Dissolved Bone
Eutaw Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
Enoree Acid Phosphate
English Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate
Furmans Acid Phosphate
H 1G1
E 142
F 117
F 100
E 105
D 124
C 100
F 231
F 233
H 157
F 163
A 106
A lit
Forest City Acid Phosphate
Georgia Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Standard D B Phosphate
Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
2848
2733
2718
2664
C 16
2674
B 12
2859
2856
2864
2786
A
B
C 105
E 106
F 118
E 106
c too
F 100
C 113
C 113
C 113
C 113
E 346
B 17
C 17
1316
C 17
B 12
1204
2641
2641
2641
2641
3061
1576
901
114
152S
870
1130
1532
146
11
1096
1275
1080
1028
1318
12 19
1261
1219
1532
152
1617
1617
1617
1617
535
115
171
215
73
267
174
177
56
234
178
253
284
358
97
166
270
166
177
73
31
31
31
31
407
1283
9 OS
927
957
972
1046
1107
1168
1021
1091
1075
897
S28
908
910
1030
910
1107
957
1110
1110
1110
1110
1117
214
587
458
222
310
32i
387
311
404
325
168
318
402
470
434
289
434
387
2 22
169
169
169
1
305
1497
1496
1385
117
1312
1366
1494
1529
1425
1416
1243
121
1230
1378
1344
1319
1344
1491
1179
1279
1279
1279
1279
1422
14 58 2 12
14 no 2 12
13 6S 2 10
12 04 2 10
13 10 2 12
13 51 1 12
14 a 1 13
14 84 1 10
1400 1 12
13 1 13
12 55 4 10
12 32 4 10
12 44 1 10
13 63 1 12
13 36 4 11
13 16 1 12
13 36 4 10
14 56 1 13
12 04 2 10
12 84 1 12
12 84 2 12
12 84 2 12
12 84 2 12
13 97 2 12
Chicora Pert Co Charleston S C
Coweta Fort Co Newnan Ga
Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga
Furmans Farm t Imp CoAtlantaGa
Imperial Fert Co Charleston S O
Walton Whann Co Charleston SC
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Rome Chemical Co Rome Ga
Dalton Guano and Mfg CoDalton Ga
Durham Fert Co Durham N C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Excelsior Manufacturing Co Lsed
Washington Ga
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston SC
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Furman Farm Imp Co A D Adatr A
McCarty Bros Agents Atlanta Gi
Comer Hull Co Savannah la
Comer Hull Co Savanna Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Baldwin Fert Co Savannah Ga

5
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m
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H
i
rj
EC
goTABLE No 5Continued
NAME OF BRAND
DO
1
u
2
a
Phosphoric Acid
High Grade Acid Phosphate
Harris High Grade Acid
High Grade Acid Phosphate
High Grade Acid Phosphate
g High Grade Acid
Imperial Dissolved Bone
Kennesaw Acid Phosphate
Littles High Grade Acid Phosphate
Leader Acid Phosphate
Leggs High Grade Acid Phosphate
Marietta High Grade Acid Phosphate
Monroe Acid
Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate
Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone
Obers South Carolina Dissolvea Bone
Our Dissolved Bore Phosphate
Our Dissolved Bone Phosphate
E 178
B 200
C 137
D 208
F 10
E 105
E 159
F 109
A 129
F 109
A 100
F 106
O 113
C 113
J 150
0 121
F 116
2834
2963
2858
2852
2697
16
2854
2697
2697
2534
2695
2641
2841
2850
2782
2712
1383
794
1334
1128
1214
870
1177
1214
1501
1214
1705
1226
1617
1617
585
1452
1095
156
1
58
120
73
267
307
73
51
73
298
31
31
141
312
453
759
1119
1099
1200
1306
972
1007
1306
920
1306
1204
1012
1110
1110
1190
888
707
652
271
446
181
303
306
324
303
248
303
61
289
169
169
291
I 52
525
1409
1390
1545
1441
1609
1312
1331
1609
1168
1009
1265
1301
1279
1299
IISI
1340
1232
l
g
si
IS
H
Guaranteed
ATialysis
03
si
SS

si ts
3 o
a
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
13 88
13 72
14 96
14 13
15 48
13 Vi
13 2
15 48
11 91
15 48
12 72
13 01
12 SI
12 84
11 45
13 32
12 46
Clifton Chemical Co Clifton Ga
Houston Guano Co Fort Valley Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Gn Co SavannahGa
Read Fertilizer Co New York
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Imperial Fert Co Charleston 8 C
Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Read Fertilizer Co New York
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull So Co Savannah Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Commercial Guano Co Savanna Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
a
W

H
K
a
H
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i
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o

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H
ej
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w
0Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Port Royal Acid Phosphate
Port Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
liedmont Acid Phosphate
Pure Dissolved Animal Bone
Rawls Webb Acid Phosphate
Home Acid Phosphate
Royal Dissolved Bone
Sonny Sonth Acid Phosphate
Stonewall Brand Acid Phosphate
15 jterncs Acid Phosphate
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
Soluble Bone
Sea Bird Acid PhosphatejE 15
Samson Dissolved Bone D 147
Samson Dissolved Bone
Sbleys Acid Phosphate
Wando Acid Phosphate
Walton Acid Phosphate
XX Acid Phosphate
F 206 2852 1235 313 985 284 1269
F 116 2712 1095 453 707 525 1232
C 121 2782 1452 312 888 452 1340
C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279
C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279
A 100 2534 1705 1204 61 1265
C 340 3066 1338 10 1526 29 1555
D 138 2077 1065 138 1078 393 1471
F 231 2859 1469 55 1168 361 1529
D 121 2676 1350 69 1057 335 1392
F 282 3073 1213 81 1258 302 1560
F 215 2842 1502 203 769 388 1157
E 125 2707 1028 73 1286 280 1566
E 117 2660 1336 196 774 316 1090
B 110 2857 1460 96 1241 285 1520
E 150 2854 1177 307 1007 324 1331
D 147 27S7 1337 143 1117 283 1400
D 142 2796 1162 154 1140 292 1432
C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279
E 108 B 23 1057 185 923 388 1373
4583 B 7 642 251 925 433 1358
D 124 2674 1130 174 1046 320 1365
12 761 2 1 2
12 46 2 12
13 32 2 12
12 84 2 12
12 84 2 12
12 72 2 10
15 04 1 15
14 37 1 13
14 84 1 10
13 74 2 12
15 08 1 10
11 86 2 10
15 13 1 12
11 32 1 10
14 81 o 13
13 25 2 12
13 80 1 13
14 06 1 13
12 74 2 J2
13 59 X 10
13 47 1 III
13 53 1 12
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga
Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C
Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga
C L Montague Co Savannah Ga
Rome Chemical Co Rome Ga
Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C
G A Ramspeck Decatur Ga
James G Tinsley Co Richmond Va
Standard Guano and Chemical Maim
facturing Co New Orleans La
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Ga
Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Wight Weslosky Brown AlbanyGa
Wight Weslosky Brown Albany Ga
Sibley Nixon Augusta Ga
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Walton Wliann Co WilmingtonDel
A

f
CO
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3
W
GOTABLE No 6
Potash Salts and Miscellaneous Brands
u a a a 3 A a S aj W u a S A t o a s o M xi cS Eft d t1 M d 0 u w o S 6 S 3 u o X o ft 3 0 H 3 0 a a 3 O M O Eft ol 3 eg a 6 O uaranteed Analysis
NAME OF BRAND Is 5 p O H fl 0 a a O Eft BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
A lOf C 140 H 107 H 193 H 100 J 152 F 118 A 5 2835 1S17 SIP 1i 10 10 111 10 10 10 10 10 Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Road Fertilizer Co New York Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga J B Scott Cordele Ga Napier Worsham Co Macon Ga J A Bale Rome Ga I B Scott Cordele Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S 0 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Listers Agricultural Chemicals Works Newark NJ Stand Guano Chemical Mfg Co New Orleans La Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga
1287 1289 1111 1347 1265 12 90 12 92 11 92 18 88 12 72 13 29 13 60 3 75 18 69 12 80 12 72 12 00

2838 2710 2821 2828 2785 A 2 2829
GO


1371 113 5136 1275 1265 1175
550 10
J 151 B 109 IJ 188 C 339 B 152 B 264 H 221 C 337 12 12 11
2962 2961 3001 2884 3053 2927 3082


50t 1124 2098 1988 1141 4110 415
2000 2000 1100 325 400 200 11
408 200
1203
Ed

H

a
d
t
w
I
r
o
W
O80 per cent Muriate PotashC 341
90 per cent Sulphate PotashC 130
50 per cent Sulphate Potash0 336
Nitrate SodaC 338
Belgian FloatsC 198
Orchilla GuanoC 120
Land PlasterA 13G
Lees Prep Agricultural LimeH 13
Pennimans Patent ComposterA Vi
Sulphate of Lime with some Carbonate
3000
2829
299S
2999
2728
2845
2823
2899
81
760
2848
Lime
3324
Lime
1880
51 CO
5150
201
457
43 88
43 80
25 43
47 72
Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga
Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga
Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga
Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga
Imp by Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga
B R Legg Bro Marietta Ga
A S Lee Richmond Va
Stubbs Tison Savannah Ga
tLime in form of Carbonate with some Sulphate
tLime in the form of Carbonate

3
00
W
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Q
fed
W
H
r
IS
T
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GO
I
TABLE No 7
Analysis Made Under the Provisions of the Ellington Bill Approved December 27 1890
NAME OF
COUNTY
NAME OF
ORDINARY
ADDRESS OF
ORDINARY
i fe
3
s 3 2 N
U o 3 jp



B A is

03 j S
Phosphoric Acid
Warren County
Screven County
Hon R W Hubert
Hon M M Porter
Burke CountyHon E L Brinson
Burke CountytHon E L Brinson
Bulloch County Hon A R Lanier
Ware CountyHon Warren Lott
Warrenton Ga
Sylvania Ga
Waynesboro Ga
Waynesboro Ga
Statesboro Ga
Wavcross Ga
No 1
No 1
No 1
No 2
2516
2590
2591
2592
3096
3097
1200
1096
522
978
1102
700
a
2 a


3
c O
38 971 355
61 93 990
29 97 1093
252 795 203
180 202 826
179 904 205
1326
1083
1190
998
1028
1109
O
N
ci 2 o 3 S S3 M O Cm
104
250 246
275 198
2 15 351
209 105
210 85
REMARKS
Nothing on package to indicate where it was from It
was received by mail addressed Hon State Chemist
State of Ga Atlanta Ga preceding a leter with a
similar address from Hon M M Porter Screven Co
Sylvania Ga
Received by mail in two paper packages in a paste
J board box not sealed in any way
tn

IS
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H
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OANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923
63
MARLS AND LIME
W Lamb
Marl No 1 Hon Thos
Brunswick Ga
Marl No 2 Hon Thos W Lamb
Brunswick Ga
Oyster Lime Hon Thos W Lamb
Brunswick Ga
Lime made by A Gilvray Medina
Ga
Lime made by Ladd near Carters
ville Ga
234
2650
2551
2985
2984
262
130
1208
01
Id
ro
s
Trace only
Trace only
Trace only

0
3 u a
tf o a
u f5 3
2 id ce 0
6 o 33
H u as o
3 O r cq U
164
50
4052
5408
5928
9263
5742
31112411
4188 224
1955 711
16
98
403
309
318
564
32
CLAYS
3
S
ffs oS
9 2 fl j
SH s 3 e3 a
02 d s 3
Clay from Bartow county resembling Beauxitc
2553
2588
12761 28961 4299
556 3605 4299
1592
1487
METALLIC IRON
ron Ore Chatham County Siliceous
Iron Ore Haralson County Specular
26161
2617
146170 per cent of this ore was
6700 Pure Sand
28564
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
NATURAL PHOSPHATES AND SUPPOSED PHOSPHATE
NAME OF
COUNTY
Baker
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Colquitt
Decatur
Decatur
Decatur
Decatur
Decatur
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jeffewson
Macon
Macon
Macon
Macon
Marion
Marion
Marion
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Stewart
Taylor
Taylor
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
NAME OF SENDER
Mr Onne
A J Phillips
A J Phillips
A J Phillips
AJPhillips
AJPhillips
John W Norman
R A Oonnell
R A Connell
R A Connell
R A Connell
R A Connell
W A Willie
W A Willie
W A Willie
WAWillie
W A Willie
W A Willie
C R Keen
C R Keen
C R Keen
C R Keen
P S Stevens
P S Stevens
P S Stevens
T R Bennett
T RBennett
T R Bennett
W R Baldwin
W R Baldwin
W R Baldwin
W R Baldwin
W R Baldwin
Arthur Hood
R F Ivey
R F Ivey
R F Ivey
R F Ivey
R F Ivey
A F Perkins
D T Montfoft
H G Edenfield
Wm T McRae
Wm T McRae
Wm T McRae
Wm T McRae
Wm T McRae
Wm T McRae
Wm T McRae
Wm T McRae
P J Pipkin
P J Pipkin
P J Pipkin
P J Pipkin
R M Stanley
R M Stanley
R M Stanley
Name of Substance
o o
6
s33
j Carbonate Lime
340 Carbonate Lime
341 Carbonate Lime
342 arbonate Lime
343 Carbonate Lime
314 Carbonate Lime
201 Buhrstone
205 Buhrstone
206 Buhrstone
202 tiuhrstone
247 Carbonate Lime
254 Phosphate Rock
384 Carbonate Lime
385 Carbonate Lime
386 Carbonate Lime
Phosphate Rock
Quartz
Carbonate of Lime in small pebbles
Limestone
Siliceous Iron Ore
Limestone
Shellrock
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
Phosphate Rock
Phosphate Rock
Phosphate Rock
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Petrified Shells
Limestone
Marl
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhr stone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
arbonate of Lime
Phosphate Rock Low Grade
Water Worn Pebbles
Flint
Flint
Flint
Flint
Flint
Flint
Animal Bone
Chalcedony
Petrified Shells with Buhrstone
Buhr Stone
Petrified Shells with Buhrstone
Ietrifled Shells
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
3S8
3S0
u
315
316
317
3
32
321
250
251
252
300
310
311
312
313
253
437
13S
138
410
441
327
225
201
401
t02
413
401
105
406
107
108
202
203
294
321
409
410
411
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
trace
35 30
trace
trace
t race
trace
21 03
24 63
24 63
trace
trace
trace
trace
5 21
trace
53 7S
53 7
trace
trace
trace
286
B
DBANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1892
65
MINERALS ANALYZED
Baker
Bartow
Berrien
Berrien
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Butts
Butts
Butts
Campbell
Carroll
Chatham
Chattooga 24
Chattooga 242
Chattooga 243
Chattooga 244
Chattooga 245
221 Carbonate of Lime
249 Pyroxene
Carbonate of Lime
Buhrstone
Kaolin
Kaolin
Kaolin
Sandstone
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
arbonate of Lime
Micaceous Sand colored with iron
207
208
222
993
224
270
340
341
342
343
344
359
360
301
375
323
68
Chattooga S22
Cherokee 289
Cherokee 290
Cherokee 339
Cobb 212
obb 271
Cobb 390
Colquitt 201
Colquitt 2di
Decatur 202
Decatur 20
Decatur 206
Decatur 247
Decatur
Decatur
Dodge
Dodge
Fannin
Fannin
Fannin
Fannin
Fannin
Fannin
Fannin
Fannin
Fannin
24 s
254
209
210
275
270
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
Fannin 295
Fannin 296
Fannin 297
Fannin 298
Micaceous Sand colored with iron
Micaceous Sand colored with iron
Quart Rock
Iron Pyrites
Low Grade Iron Ore with much sand
Calcite
Dolomite
Kaolin
Feldspar green
Quartz Crystals
Feldspar partially decomposed
Iron Pyrites
Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites
Galena
Granite
Magnetite maguetic iron ore
Quartz Rock
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Carbonate of Lime
Peat
Phosphate Rock
Iron Ore
Micaceous Schist
Calcite
Dolomite
Quartz Crystals
Milk Quartz
Shale
Feldspar
Iron Pyrites
Shale
Quartz
Agate
Cyanite
Yellow Ochre
Milk Quartz
28766
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
MINERALS ANALYZEDContinued
FanninI 299 Rose Quartz
Fannin 300 Green Quartz
Fannin 301 Gold Nuggets
Fannin 302 Corundum
Fannin 303 Feldnpar
Floyd
Floyd
Forsyth
Forsytli
Forsyth
Forsyth l
Forsyth 30
Forsyth 308
42
421
235
304
305
Forsy
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsyth
Forsytli
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Fulton
Fulton
Fulton
Fulton
Fulton
Fulton
Fultn
Fulton
Fulton
onion
rordon
Gordon
iwinnett
Gwinnett
th 350Cyanite
Silicate of Alumina resembling Beauxite
Beauxite
Hornblende and Garnets
Corundum
Corundum
Corundum
Rock Crystal
Rock Crystal
nnett 269 Slate
351 Feldspar
352 Amethyst
353Rock Crystal
354 Smoky Quartz
355iTourmaUne
356 Garnets
357 Granular Quartz
363Garnets
364 Oxide of Iron
365 Mica
366 Hornblende
367 Quartz
232 Iron Ore low grade
233 Iron Ore low grade
234 Greisen
236 Trap Rock
237 Trap Rock
238 Trap Rock
239 Trap Rock
240Trap Rock
291 Trap Rock
292 Iron Pyrites
293 lion Ore
419 Iron Pyrites
227 Brown Hematite Iron Ore
228 Yellow Ochre
224 Iron Ore low grade with much sand
229Talc white
231 Talc colored
w i
iwinnett
fwinnett
Gwinnett
Gwinnett
Tuinnett
iwinnett
Gwinnett
Habersham
Hall
284 Ochre
230 Feldspar partially decomposed
285 Feldspar partially decomposed
272jQuartz Crystals
86 Feldspar
287
2SS
3 IS
397
Kaolin
Barytes
Plumbago
Mica
288ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923
67
MINERALS ANALYZEDContinued
Name of County
Sent From
No
Name or Mineral
Hall
Haralson
llaralson
Haralson
Haralson
Haralson
Haralson
Haralson
1 Iaralson
llaralson
Haralson
Haralson
Haralson
H aralson
Haralson
Haralson
Haralson
Haralson
Haralson
Henry
Henry
Houston
Houston
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Macon
Maeon
Macon
Macon
Macon
Marion
Marion
Marion
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Newton
422
213
214
215
216
217
218
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
331
338
336
358
332
333
334
335
384
385
386
387
388
389
325
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
314
315
316
317
318
327
328
329
250
251
252
9
2i
Milk Quartz
Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites
Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites
Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites
Magnetite Magnetic Iron Ore
Manganese Ore
Specular Iron Ore
Manganese Ore
Manganese Ore
Specular Iron Ore
Specular Iron Ore
Specular Iron Ore
Magnetite Magnetic Iron Ore
Magnetite Magnetic Iron Ore
Iron Pyrites
Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites
Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites
Chalcedony
Manganese Ore
Mica
Large Quartz Crystal
Plastic Clay
Kaolin
Iron Pyrites with black mica
Iron Pyrites
Granular Quartz with iron pyrites
Quartz Mica and Iron Pvrites
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
Phosphate Rock
Quartz
Carbonate of Lime
Mica
Iron Garnet
Iron Ore poor quality
Quartz
Diorite
Diorite
Diorite
Hornblende
Limestone
Low Grade Iron Ore much sand
Limestone
Shell Rock Carbonate of Lime
B ack Mud
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
Carbonate of Lime
Phosphate Rock
Phosphate Rock
Phosphate Rock
Tourmaline
28968
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
MIS BRALS ANALYZED Continued
Name of County
Sent From
No
Name of Mikbbai
Newton
Newton
Paul dins
Paulding
Paulding
Pickens
Polk
Polk
Pularki
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Pulaski
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
326 Mica
271 Iron Pyrites
347 Iron Pyrites
348 Iron Pyrites
349 Iron Pyrites
362 slate containing iron pyrites
203 Muck
374 Rock Crystal
369 Sandstone
370 Clav
371 Iron Geode
372 Quartz
373 Iron Ore I low grade with sand
425 White Clay hardened
424 White Clay hardened
425 Chalcedony
42ii Limestone
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
253
309
311
311
Randolph 312
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Rockdale
Rockdale
Stewart
Taylor 204
Taylor 225
TaylorI 330
Telfair 401
Tellair 402
13
435
431
43i
438
439
440
44
442
378
379
380
381
382
383
319
320
337
Yellow Ochre
Siliceous Iron Ore
Aragonite
Iron Pyrites
Red chre
Limestone
Sharks Teeth
Fossil Phosphate
Marl
Buhr stone
Puhrstone
Buhrstone
Petrified Shells
Limestone
Red Hematite Iron Ore
Red Hematite
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Red Hematite iron ore
White Clav
Red Clav
Blue Clay
Yellow Clay
Slate Colored Clay
Partly Baked White Clay
Mica
Micaceous Shale
Carbonate of Lime
Drift Pebbles
Phosphate R ck
Iron Pyrites
Flint Rock
Flint Rock
290
ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1892
89
MINERALS A NALYZEDContinued
Name op County
Sent From
No
X me of Mineral
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Telfair
Towns
Washington
Washington
Washington
White
White
White
White
White
Wilcox
Wilcox
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
403
404
405
400
407
40S
240
292
294
32J
394
395
396
399
400
376
377
109
410
411
Flint Rock
Flint Rock
Flint Rock
Flint Rock
Animal Bone
Chalcedony
Feldspar
Petrified Shells
Silicified Shells
Petrified Shells and Buhrstone
Asbestos
Gold in Nuggets
Gold in Nuggets
Granite
Soapstone
Carbonate Lime hard
Carbonate of Lime soft
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
Buhrstone
291DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOR ilA
FERTILIZER FORMULA
Formulae for those plant needing much Phosphoric Acid
Number of pounds of each to be used in making a ton
Cotton
Corn
Sorghum
Turnips
Sugar Cane
6 j tS a o o si a 0 3 n O W a o o o 600 o o s 300 bx C o3 a I O u o5 a 0 E 03 O a Pi O O CD 03 1 g c o3 w 300 400 300 s o p oj 3 J3 A I Pi P 1
2 3 3 Is
1100 1300 1100 1571 1320
j
600 I
350 iro
000 80
riese Formula
contain about
these percentagt
Formulae for those plants needing much Nitrogen or Ammonia
i 670 950 600 250 iso 730 5021 540 I
800 1050 400 560 320 600 760 540 769 600 420 510 719 637 40 B 17l 750 625
Rye 720 665 875
680 830 1 690 500 250 500 250 320 665
700 200 500 210 320 150 S0II
Formuise for hxm pla nts leeding much Potash
600 500 675 600 750 975 600 600 481 1250
800 1000 1300 800 800 700 eoo 450 600 400 400 too 150 405 240 240 5 08 1500 10 Oil
3C0 1000
800 600 600 310 10ill
Tobacco 124s
mi 550 525 400 1375
DOMINANTS
Dominants are those fertilizing materials iihich are most urgently demanded by
a given crop
Plants Dominant Plants Dominant Plants Dominant
Wheat o3

Rye m 5 Sortrhmn
Nitroge Aram
Potas
Tobacco I

392
mamANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1892
71
COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS
The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last
eighteen seasons
There were inspected during the season of 1874548648 tons
There were inspected during the season of lS755531600 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1876 77582400 tons
There were inspected during the season of 187789317800 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1878985049 00 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18798011958300 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1880115242400 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1881212532700 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1882312537700 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18834 15184900 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1884517015300 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1885616070500 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1886716607808 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1887820800739 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1888920286936 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18899028811230 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18901 30673400 tons
There were inspected during the season of 1891219634200 tons
Ammoniated aurt NonAmmoniated Fertilizers
Of the whole amount of fertilizers placed upon the market during the past
season 129987 tons were ammoniated superphosphates 53394 tons were acid
phosphates or dissolved bones and 12964 tons were cotton seed meal It is
well to remark that those brands which contain not less than eight per cent
of available phosphoric acid and two per cent of ammonia are classed as am
moniated superphosphates and those containing less than two per cent of
ammonia and not less than eight per cent of available phosphoric acid are
classed as acid phosphates or dissolved bones This classification is made with
out regard to the name of the brand as will be seen by reference to the tables
The fertilizing materials which do not belong to either of the foregoing are
classed as chemicals and compounds other than ammoniated superphosphates
and dissolved bones
293DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The number of tons of Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bones inspected in
Georgia during the past sixteen seasons are as follows
For the season of 187566499 tons
For the season of 1876712842 tons
For the season of 1877815332 tons
For the season of 1878910291 tons
For the season of 18798013906 tons
For the season of 1880122036 tons
For the season of 1881220602 tons
For the season of 1882331017 tons
For the season of 1883439154 tons
For the season of 1884535012 tons
For the season of 1885637451 tons
For the season of 1886740899 tons
For the season of 18S7867978 tons
For the season of 1888942151 tons
For the season of 18899059760 tons
For the season of 1890155877 tons
For the season of 1891253394 tons
Of the whole quantity inspected the percentage of Acid Phosphate for each
season is as follows
For 1875611Ui per cent
For 187671282 per cent
For 187781962 per cent
For 187891222 percent
For 1879801163 per cent
For 188011511 percent
For 188121642 per cent
For 188232473 per cent
For 18834 2578 per cent
For 188452055 per cent
For 188562334 per cent
For 188672462 per cent
For 18878 3074 per cent
For 188892070 per cent
For 1889902074 per cent
Foris9011822 per cent
For 189122022 per cent
294ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923
73
The following averages for the past fifteen seasons will be found interesting
General Average of all Fertilizers
For the season of 18745
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the season of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
For the season of 18801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
For the season of 18867
For the season of 18878
For the season of 18889
For tin season of 188990
For the season of 18901
For the season of 18912
Available
Phosphoric
Acid
923
1094
11087
1143
11
1024
L096
1088
1103
1082
1113
1101
1139
1166
1148
1146
1130
1090
Ammonia Potash
255
253
252
279
270
258
253
248
253
247
224
243
245
246
280
275
254
240
517
249
275
223
166
133
141
147
150
155
144
165
194
212
194
197
189
170
These are the general averages of all fertilizers including Mpfe
from Table No 5 for the season named It is proper to remarkt the aver
ages of Ammonia and Potash are of those brands only which are shown by
analysis to contain these elements and not of the whole number of brands
411 Cotton Seed Meal Nitrate of Soda Kainit Muriate of Potash and Sulphate
ef Potash are not included in this list
29574
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTTJREGEORGIA
Averages of Ammoniated Fertilizers
For the season of 18745
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the season of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
For the season of 18801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
For the season of 18867
For the season of 18878
For the season of 18889
For the season of 188990
For the season of 18901
For the season of 18912
W
BSS3BANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTlLlKKiJ892
Iverage of NonAmmoniated Fertilizers
For the season of 187 P5
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the season of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
For the season of 18801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
For the season of 18867
For the season of 18878
For the season of 18889
For the season of 188990
For the season of 18901
For the season of 18912
1105 3 85
1199 4HI
1168 454
1310 216
1320 163
1244 1 128
1260 130
1248 J 05
1255 156
1259 148
1287 140
1262 168
1345 185
1381 207
L396 181
1383 188
1376 209
1274 169
29776
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the market for
eachseason since the organization of the Department is as follows
For the season of 18745 ni
r 110 brands
bor the season of 18756 i
L nn 101 brands
ior the season of 18i6
t 125brands
lor the season of 1878
For the season of 1878 lo v
r lbS brands
Ior the season of 18980
For the season of 18801 226h A
For the season of 18812 970 a
For the season of 18823 Obrands
r w4 brands
Jbor the season of 18884
sob brands
lor the season ot 18845
c o9 brands
For the season ot 18856 t
t mo brands
For the season ot 18867 W
For the season of 18878 vnhT
For the season of 18889 Zi
For the season of 188990 mf
For the season of 18901 S
For the season of 18912f
008 brands
I lnse are exclusive ol chemicals and other preparations for making or com
posting manures at homes
298ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923
The number of brands of ammoniated and nonammoniated fertilizers for
each season is as follows
For the season of 18745
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the season of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
For the season of 18801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
For the season of 18867
For the season of 18878
For the season of 18889
For the season of 188990
For the season of 18901
For the season of 18912
Amoniated
Nonammo
niated
86 24
68 OO
85 41
90 Ol
119 43
L35 47
163 ili
187 83
239 115
210 126
22 I 140
215 130
206 Hi
242 135
254 101
300 140
343 1411
364 209
29HnmamAAtD
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