1 n OK THE GEORGIA STATE Department of Agriculture For The Year 1892 Volmrie XVIII It T NESBITT COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE ATLANTA iEORGIA Jko W Harrison State Printer Franklin Publishing House 1892 GENERAL LIBRARY University of GeorgiaMAR 6 1945I PREFACE VOLUME XVIJJ The present volume of the publication of the Department of Agriculture like preceding volumes embraces all the publication of the Department with the exception of a few special circulars containing a compilation of the laws governing the inspection of oils etc The issue has been enlarged to 2000 volumes from 500 in order that the demand for the work might be supplied Not being printed in its entirety at the end of the year but consisting as it does of a compilation of the circulars issued during the season retained for bind ing the volume is not as uniform as desired in the quality of the paper or the mechanical execu ion The custom of filing circulars for binding has been found an economical one enabling the Department to place its work in a form for preservation at a minimum cost which fully compensates for any defect which the book itself presents While much of the matter contained in the work relating to crop conditions during the year has value only for reference to ascertain crop pros pects in former years the volume does we believe contain agricultural ex periments discussions notes etc which will commend it to the farmer and others as a book to be preserved f GENERAL LIBRARY University or GeoGCONTENTS VOLUME XVIII CIRCULARS Bulletin No 21Third SeriesAnalyses and commercial values of fer tilizers admitted to sale to February 16 1892 1 Circular No 1Fourth SeriesCrop Report for month of May 33 Bulletin No 22Third SeriesAnalyses and commercial values of fer tilizers admitted to sale to April 28 1892 79 Circular No 2Fourth Series Crop Report for month of June 109 Circular No 3Fourth SeriesCrop Report for month of July 125 Circular No 4Fourth Series Crop Report for month of August 141 Circular No 5Fourth SeriesCrop Report for month of September 157 Report of the Department 189 Bulletin No 23Third SeriesAnalyses and values of commercial fer tilizers admitted to sale to October 1 1892 22 SPECIAL CIRCULARS Special Circular No 2Fourth SeriesQuestions for June Crop Report 108 Special Circular No Fourth SeriesQuestions for July Crop Re port L4 Special Circular No 4Fourth SeriesQuestions for August Crop Re port 140 Special Circular No 5Fourth SeriesQuestions for September Crop Report i5g Special Circular No 6Fourth Series Questions for October Crop Re port 17INDEX 0 A Analyses Commercial Fertilizers 2 Address delivered by Dr G F Payne 3 A Talk for Farmers 49 Analyses Commercial Fertilizers 79 August L892 Crop Report 141 Annual Report 189 Analyses Commercial Fertilizer 223 Acid Phosphate Inspected in Georgia 294 Averages Ammoniated Fertilizers 296 Averages Nonammoniated Fertilizers 297 C Cotton Seed Meal 13 Consolidated Crop Report for May 1S92 37 Consolidated Crop Report for June 1892 126 Clippings Containing Valuable Suggestions 179 Chemical Department 191 CottonSeed Meal 235 Compaiative Table 293 E Ellington Bill 31 Extracts from Georgia Experiment Station Bulletins 42 Experiment Stationi 193 Ellington Bill 233 Ellington Bill 284 F Fertilizer Test on Sweet Potatoes etc 68 Fertilizer Test on Tomatoes etc 69 Forage Plants Fertilizer Tests etc I1 Farm Manures 182 Fisheries 210 Fertilizer Formula 292 i Guaranteed Analyses 4 leneral Remarks May Report 33 Georgia Experiment Station 42 General Fertilizer Experiment on Cotton etc 53 General Remarks June Report Ill General Remarks July Report 125 NDEX ieneial Remarks i August Report 141 General Remarks September Report 157 General Remarks October Report i 1 landers General Review General Average of all Fertilizers 101 201 295 51 id 216 Inspectors of Fertilizers liO Inspection of Fertilizer 194 Inspection of Oils 208 1 June Crop Report 1892 109 July Crop Report 1892 125 L Right Manuring vs Heavy Literature List of Fish Commissioners in United States and Canada M May Crop Report 1892 33 Monthly Talk with Farmers 119 Monthly Talk with Farmers 134 Monthly Talk with Farmers 149 Monthly Talk with Farmers 167 Monthly Talk with Farmers 170 Marls and Limes 285 Minerals Analyzed 287 N Notes from Correspondents IqI Notes from Correspondentso Notes from Correspondents 142 Notes from Correspondents 158 New Legislation Regarding Fertilizers 226 New Law roverning Inspection of Fertilizers237 Natural and Supposed Phosphates 286 Number of Fertilizer Brands Inspected298 Number of Brands each season299 OctoberCrop Report Report of the Chemist Report of the Chemist R 17 206 245INDEX Sweet Potato Culture Sorghums etc September Crop Report L892 Suggestions Seed 66 74 157 17 192 To the Farmers of Georgia 38 Tobacco121 The Horn Fly123 Tobacco in the Wiregrass Section138 Tobacco Cutting and CuringL54 Tables of Analyses240 V Valuations Valuations Valuations 81Bulletin No 21 SEASON 189192 Commercial Fertilizers AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted for Sale in the State of Georgia up to February 16th 1892 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Hon R T NESBITT Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Georgia Dr GEORGE F PAYNE State Chemist ATLANTA GEORGIA Geo W Harrison State Printer Franklin Publishing House1 1892LIBRARY VALUATIONS For Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash for Season of 189192 Available phosphoric acid 4 cents a pound Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 12 cents a pound Potash 4 cents a pound If calculated by units Available phosphoric acid 80 cents per unit Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 2 40 cents per unit Potash 80 cents per unit The relative commercial valuation which is given each fertilizer is calculated from the above figures with an addition to each of 260 per ton to cover in spection sacks mixing and handling To calculate the commercial value of a ton of a given fertilizer bear in mind that a ton weighs 2000 pounds and one per cent of this is twenty pounds If a goods contain one percent of available phosphoric acid this will be twenty pounds of available phosphoric acid id a ton Twenty pounds of available phosphoric acid at four cents a pound will be eighty cents for each per cent contained in a ton or eighty cents per unit as it is generally designated am monia being twelve cents a pound each one per centor twenty pounds in a ton will he worth 2 V As p itash is the same value as available phosphoric acid each percent in a ton will be worth eighty cents To illustrate this take a sample containing Available phosphoric acid1010 multiply by 80 8 08 Ammonia 260 multiply by 240 i 24 Potash 110 multiply by SO 88 Inspection sacks mixing and handling 2 60 Relative commercial value 17 80 These valuations were obtained by the most careful investigation and fairly represent the wholesale cash value of fertilizers in Georgia in those cities where the goods enter the State or where they are manufactured A great majority of the number of large manufacturers whose prices were used as a basis for these valuations offer their goods at Savannah for cash at figures which corre spond with those values Any one buying at a distance from Savannah should add the freight to that point to obtain its 1 ical wholesale cash value this sub tracted from the price charged for the g tods will give one a fair idea of what is charged as profit Goods are sold very close for cash but when sold on time dealers are compelled to charge full prices to cover interest cost of collection and bad debtsANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 3 It is impossible to fix exact values for an entire season upon mercantile goods subject to the fluctuations of the market hence these values while con sidered fairly approximate are to be regarded rather as comparative and not as absolute Georgia is the largest consumer of commercial fertilizers of any State in the Union Thanks to our well devised fertilizer law she also secures them at lower prices than any other State Goods of identical composition and made in one instance of which we are aware in the same factory are sold in the New En gland State for 13000 per ton in Tennessee for 2000 per ton and in Georgia for 2200 per ton NEW LEGISLATION IN REGARD TO COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS The last Legislature enacted three important laws bearing upon fertilizing materials FirstAn Act to allow farmers to have analyses made of their fertilizers upon purchase under certain conditions and to cancel their indebtedness in case of failure of goods to reach their guaranteed analysis This bill is usually spoken of as the Ellington Bill from the name of the gentlemen who intro duced it into the Senate Analyses under this Act will be found in this bul letin Second An Act to provide for the inspection and analysis of all cotton seed meals This Art i called the Calvin Bill having been introduced by that gen tleman in the House Analyses under the provisions of this Act will also be found in this bulletin ThinA new general fertilizer law was passed late in the adjourned ses sion Under its wise provisions it has been possible to make all inspections df fertilizers after they were sacked and put upon the market This will prove a givat protection to the farmer According to the old system of inspection goods were inspected before leaving the factory in bulk In case a manufact urer was inclined to be unscrupulous an inspector might sometimes be di rected to a pile of very high grade goods when he had come to inspect a goods of a much different character It was also considered possible for a dis honest man to remix his goods after inspection As the law is now carried out neither of these two things are possible While we trust no manufacturer was so dishonest as to be guilty of such practices we can but feel that there will be less of the occasional complaint that goods with high analyses have shown no better results than others with low ones This method of inspec tion in siek after the goods are distributed over the State is certainly a great protection to honest manufacturers against those who may have availed them selves of any of the various schemes to secure higher analyses than their pro ducts will actually show when caught away from home and forced to stand upon the analysis of the contents of the brande 1 sack this branded sack showingjust what kind of goods were actually bought by the farmer under this particular brand As inspections were not made in bulk this season before the goods left the4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA factory but after they were distributed throughout the state we have been naturally considerably delayed in securingsainples Heretofore each manufac turer hag been anxious to have an inspector to come immediately at the open ing of the season to inspect his goods as be could not ship until this was done Besides his goods at the opening of the fertilize year were well sea soned and their percentage of valuable ingredients well known from the analysis of their private chemists Later in the year when the first slock is ex hausted hurriedly made goods costing the manufacturer just as much to make them as the first lot do not always show as good analyses and are consequently not so valuable as plant food The inspectors now take samples wherever they car find the goodssacked and although this combined with the slowness of some manufacturer to reg ister has causedsome delay yet by diligent and close application to the duties of the department the work is now further advanced than is usual at this date GUARANTEED ANALYSIS In this Bulletin is published the minimum guaranteed analysis of the man ufacturers The maximum guaranteed analysis is omitted as being misleading in some instances the goods not approximating it nor being intended to do so While this is not true of the majority of brands yet as the maker is only legally bound by his minimum guarantee no other is given COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS ADDRESS DELIVERED BY DR G F PAYNE BEFORE THE GEORGIA STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AT CUTHBERT GA FEBRUARY LI 1891 Ladies and GentlemenThe subject upon which 1 have been requested to make a few remarks is one no doubt with which all of the gentlemen present are more or less familiar and one with which I trust the ladies will not get out of patience and that is commercial fertilizers From the earliest days of ancient agriculture when the soil was turned with a crocked stick until the present with its sulky and steam plows has the value of animal manure been fully recognized In no country has the use of farmyard manure been more fully developed than inmodern France It is a maxim there that no farm canbe cultivated success fully without keeping stock and that stock area necessary evil Yet France today turns to chemical manures as her only hope of salvation from the agri cultural depression of the present With her small holdings of land and the competition of the broad acres of foreign countries she is studying the matter deeply and treating it as a busiANALYSES 0F COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 ess problem which involves securing the most profitable returns for the cap ital and labor expended The use of farm yard manure in Georgia today is certainly impracticable on a large scale nor do I believe that it is in the line of true progress That eminent French writer and chemist Monsieur Georges Ville who has probably studied the subject as thoroughly as it has ever been done says that it is an undeniable fact that except under rare and altogether exceptional circumstances farming operations carried on solely with manure produced on the farm itself havefor a long time ceased to be remunerative Chemical fertilizers are but in their infancy they belong to the nineteenth century developments with the locomotive and the electric light The farmers of reorgia left destitute by the results of the war the slaves no longer their own their stock consumed in warfare and as food for both friend and foe quickly availed themselves of the most advanced knowledge on the subject and the fertilizer business of Georgia has rapidly grown to bean enormous one Fifteen year ago no fertilizers were made in the State although the busi ness was even then well under way but was in the products of outside factories The season preceding the last Georgias consumption of chemical fertilizers suddenly increased over forty per cent This large quantity used in 1890 was greatly exceeded in 1891 just past The amount reaching over three hundred thousand tons by far the largest quantity sold in any State in the Union What was the result Two of the largest cotton crops known in the history of the State The low price of cotton which resulted from these two successive enormous crops has been most disastrous unusually large crops thrown upon the markets of the world demoralize values The crop of 180 found a good market at fair prices the impression abroad being that it was an exceptionally good year but when the figures of 1891 began to roll up the impression be came general that the huge yields had become a permanency and prices rap idly sank in sympathy with this view of the situation Chemical fertilizers bad bountifully fulfilled all which had been expected of them but the judg ment which bad placed them all under cotton was at fault With the famines in Europe and the high prices of wheat corn and oats with the splendid sea son we enjoyed bow different would have been the result if onefourth of our fertilizers labor and fields had been given up to these grains during the past year There would have been less western corn and bacon to buy at high prices and a smaller but far more profitable cotton crop Time and again it has been demonstrated that land which in its ordinary state can only raise from onefourth to onethird of a bale of cotton per acre by the use of chemical manures can be made to yield from one to two bales or even more To buy one acre and work one acre and fertilize it must be more profitable than paying for six times as much land and six times as much labor and at the end of the season securing only an equal harvest This fact is no doubt fully understood and appreciated by you all In the growth of all plants there are only fourteen different substances re tired These fourteen elements as tbey are called are carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulphur chlorine silicon iron manganese cal cium magnesium sodium and potassiumDFlA RTM EKT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA There are man thousand species of plants yet all of them both edible and nonedible harmless and poisonous contain nothing more than these fourteen above named bodies Ordinary air contains nitrogen oxygen and carbonic acid and water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen hence these two sources yield a never failing supply of carbon oxygen and hydrogen While nitrogen is present in enormous quantities in our atmosphere only such plants as clovers peas beans etc are able to obtain a supply from this source The four substances phosphorus nitrogen potash and calcium when ex hausted from a soil cause it to be sterile of the other ten elements necessary for plant growth three carbon oxygen and hydrogen are furnished by the atmosphere ami the rains The remaining seven sulphur chlorine silicon iron manganese magnesium and sodium exist in nearly all soils in ample quantities To restore exhausted fields to their original fertility or to even greater rich ness the fanner must add either one or more as his land may require of phos phorus nitrogen potash or calcium A fertilizer containing these four ingre dients is called a complete manure Many clay soils which are formed by the decomposition of feldapathic rocks at first contain ample potash Such lands could be most economically fertilized by omitting potash were it not for the fact that the available potash is soluble in water and is frequently rapidly washed out of cultivated fields by the rains Some sections contain much lime winch is a form of calcium furnished by limestones marls etc Lime salts are not so readily washed out of arablesoils as those of potash and besides existing usually in sufficient quantity in the land they exist as sulphate ot lime in considerable amount in all our fertilizers as they are commonly manufactured from phosphate rock or bone For these reasons phosphorus nitrogen and potash are universally considered as the valuable ingredients of commercial fertilizers The more progressive agricultural Slates now publish annually what they consider a fair valuation on these three articles of plant food Phosphorus is sold in the form of phosphoric acid nitrogen is offered in such combinations as nitrogenous organic bodies ammonias nitrates etc potash is usually sold in the form of a muriate or a sulphate The valuations are lixed by the various States upon the exact percentage contained in a fertilizer of available phosphoric acid ammonia or nitrogen and actual iotasi These three most valuable plant fIs occur in many forms Each of them when in a state of absolute purity are perfectly colorless The most concen trated fertilizer it is possible to produce would exist as a pure white powder without smell It is a great mistake to think that color or smell indicates the worth of a fertilizer They actually indicate the presence of unnecessary bodies The infinite and allwise mind has with wonderful wisdom prepared great storebouses of phosphates nitrates and potashes for our use Phosphates are found in large quantities in South Carolina Florida Canada and in a number of foreign localities Immense beds of nitrates are found in Chili 5 And at Strassfurth Germany potash salts are mined so cheaply thaiANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 7 they are sold in this country at the same price per pound of actual potash as is charged per pound lor available phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid is the most important of the fertilizing chemicals to the Georgia farmer Nearly every unfertile soil needs it and it is the dominant of cotton and of corn Our chief sources of this valuable fertilizer are the phosphates of lime Bone meal owes its value to both the phosphate of lime and the nitrogenous animal matter which it contains Bone meal is expensive and while furnishing much nitrogen its phosphoric acid is but slowly given up to the plant When treated with strong mineral acids part of the lime is taken up by the strong acid and the phosphoric acid becomes readily available to the plant Bone meal bone ash bone black and phosphate rock are treated with strong sulphuric acid forming acid phosphates and superphosphates Both bone and phosphaterock which is chiefly used because so much cheaper aretricalcic phosphates that is every molecule of phosphoric acid is combined with three molecules of lime Florida phosphate rock and South Carolina phosphate rock are both tricalcic phosphates This form of phosphoric acid combined with three parts of lime is insoluble either in water or the weak acids of the soil hence we call it insoluble because itis insoluble in the fields Strong sulphuric acid will dissolve it and by means of it are phosphate rocks made available as plant food Tricalcic phosphate or bone phosphate as it is sometimes called is forced to give up two of its mole cules of lime to the powerful sulphuric acid forming sulphate of lime or gyp suin The tricalcic phosphate of lime has now become a monoealcie phos phate only one molecule of lime being combined with the phosphoric acid This monoealcie phosphate is soluble in water and readily available to the plant The sulphuric acid is neutralized by the lime The product is spoken of as superphosphate of lime or as an acid phosphate of lime The term acid phosphate is usually thought to refer to the neutralized sulphuric acid but really refers to the excess of phosphoric acid in the existing lime salt The original tricalcic phosphate containing an excess of the lime or base might be spoken of as basic phosphate of lime When acid phosphate of lime has been made some time this execs of phosphoric acid manages to get back some of the lime and then we have bicalcic phosphateone molecule of phosphoric acid to two of lime This variety of phosphate of lime is insoluble in water but soluble in the weak acids of the soil It is also called reverted or gone back phosphoric acid and is always included as available When one looks at the analyses of acid phosphates ami notices that the only contain about fifteen per cent or even less of available phosphoric acid he naturally wishes to know what is the balance of its ingredients Phosphate rock is the chief source of phosphoric acid and only contains on an average from fiftyfive to sixty per cent of tricalcic or bone phosphate the other thirtyfive or forty per cent consists of water sand iron alumina and sulphates and carbonates of lime and magnesia If these were separated it would increase the cost of the fertilizer considerably hence the crude rock is used The tricalcic phosphate in the rock only carries enough phosphoric acid DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA to make the whole rock yield about thirty per cent of it so when to a ton of this thirty per cent rock a ton of sulphuric acid is added to render the phos phoric ac id available we have the whole thirty per cent distributed between the resulting two tons of acid phosphate which gives fifteen per cent to each of them By far the largest percentage of any ingredient in the goods will be the sulphate of lime or gypsum formed by the sulphuric acid combining with two thirds of the lime present Goods can be made much more concentrated by freeing them from this large quantity of sulphate of lime but of course at an increased cost per pound for the available phosphoric acid This would be somewhat offset by the much smaller expense of shipping more concentrated goods I recently analyzed an acid phos phate containing over fortythree per cent of available phosphoric acid and nearly all of it was present in the soluble form Nitrogen and ammonia are obtained from many different sources Tn some States the valuations are made upon the nitrogen contained in a fertilizer and in other States it is based upon the ammonia calculated from the nitrogen Seventeen pounds of ammonia containing fourteen pound of nitrogen Nitrogen is obtained from nitrate of soda fish scrap tankage blood cotton seed mealand ammonia salts Nitrate of soda is equivalent to nineteen per cent of ammonia fish scrap to about seven per cent tankage to nine per cent blood about sixteen per cent cotton seed meal about eight per cent and sulphate of ammonia about twentyfive percent As ammonia in its free state is a gas it is sold in combination with some acid like sulphuric acid to form an easily handled salt Nitric acid which is another form of nitrogen is usually sold in combination with some base like soda for instance forming nitrate of soda These are our two strongest commercial nitrogenous manures and only carry nitrogen equivalent to twentyfive and nineteen per cent of ammonia To concentrate the ammonia of fish scrap tankage blood or cotton seed meal would be impracticable on account of the expense and there would also be a loss of some phosphoric acid and potash Potash is chiefly obtained from the salts of potash imported as ballast from Strassfurth Germany The impure sulphate of potash or kainit contains only about 12 per cent of actual potash To free it from its impurities increases the value per pound of the actual potash Muriate of potash or chlorkalium the name under which the Germans sell it contains eighty per cent of muriate of potash or about fifty per cent actual potash Pure potash absorbs water from the air and is very caustic To free it from its combinations would not only increase the cost but make it difficult to handle With acid phosphates carrying fifteen per cent available phosphoric acid ammoniates with seven to twentyrive ammonia and potash salts containing from twelve to fifty per cent of potash it is easy to see how hard it is with such crude material to produce an approximately pure fertilizer except by considerably increasing the expense by purification AN it h the Georgia valuation of four cents a pound on phosphoric acid twelve cents a pound on ammonia and four cents a pound for potash a fairly average chemical fertilizer figures up to a value of sixteen dollars per ton not includ ing mixing and sacking Our chemical manures are not as concentrated asANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 9 we would like yet theyare many times more concentrated than ordinary barn yard manure Barnyard manure contains onlv 3ftr per cent of phosphoric acid Pfo per cent of ammonia and Vlo per cent of potash Now if we estimate these three ingredients at the valuations of the Department of Agriculture of four cents per pound for available phosphoric acid twelve cents a pound for ammonia and four cents a pound for potash as other fertilizers are valued we will have in a ton of good barnyard manure twentyeight cents worth of phos phoric acid 144 worth of ammonia and twentyfour cents worth of potash a total value of 196 per ton Now in a ton of au average chemical fertilizer there is ten per cent of available phosphoric acid worth 800 two and a half per cent of ammonia worth 000 and two onehalf percent of potash worth 2no which gives a total value of Shi00 per ton or over eight times the value of the stableyard manure When mixed with much hay or straw barnyard ma nure is worth even less than 196 a ton I have given the value of a good sample of it at just the price its fertilizing ingredients can be bought for in the Open market There are chemical manures now sold in this State containing eight per cent available phosphoric acid six per cent ammonia and six per cent of potash A ton of this high grade goods at above valuations would be worth over 2500 so we can state in round numbers that a ton of commercial fertilizer is worth from eight to twelve tons of ordinary manure To attempt to sustain the fertility of a field by only adding the manure pro duced by the animals fed upon its crops is impracticable as every product sold from that field must diminish its contents of plant food and the disinte gration of the soil is far too slow to supply such waste The bulky nature o farmyard manures either fluid or solid makes them expensive articles to handle I know of a case where a gentleman some miles from a large city was offered these two manures free if he would haul them away By careful calculation he found that he could purchase the same amount of fertilizing materials in the form of chemicals and lay them down on his farm for less money than the cost of hauling the bulky manure We still have some of the old false ideas clinging to us Farmers vet be lieve that a dark fertilizer is better than a light colored one So manufact urers put in a few pounds of lampblack and where smell is desired fish scrap furnishes much smell for very little fish Manufacturers naturally wish to please the fancies of their customers When a farmer buys a fertilizer on time he has to pay a long price to cover probable losses and the manufacturer explains this away by sayinir that the valuations of the Department are entirely too low and that goods cannot pos sibly be bought at the values given In reply to this I will state that 1 have letters from the majority of the prominent manufacturers offering to sell for cash at prices well within the limits of these valuations It is from their cash prices thai valuations are gotten up by the Department During the past season there was sold in this State over 300000 tons of commercial fertilizers As the average chemical fertilizer is eight times as con centrated as good barnyard manure this amount of 300000 tons would have required 2401000 tons of the manure produced on the farm to equal it The passage of the no fence law in many of the counties has actually decreased the amount of stock owned in Georgia Farmers dislike to fence in their10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA cattle and do not care to give up half their fields for pasturage as is done in Europe for the purpose of saving their manure The enormous sales of chem ical fertilizers show the high estimate of their value and how necessary they have become With the low price of cotton the problem is now how ti pro duce the crop most cheaply under the conditions existing on a given farm The individual fanner cannot control the size of the general crop nor its price in the markets of the world but he can largely control its cost of production to himself and consequently his profit or loss One means by which this can be done is that of testing the requirements of his fields for a given crop and learning what it needs and what it does not need This can be done by a farmer by dividing an average section of Ins land into seven plats and fertilizing one with phosphoric acid another with ammonia one with both phosphoric ac 1 anil ammonia then one with potash another with phosphoric acid and potash one with potash and ammonia and still an other with all three phosphoric acid ammonia and potash In another sot of similar plats fertilized as above he can test the value of the addition of lime to each and in the fifteenth plat he can try the value of the addition of lime alone Use the same amount of seed in each plat cultivate all alike and at the end of the season weigh the result of the harvest from each separately This experiment will show you what it is not necessary to buy as your land does not need it and what must be added to produce the best results In raising some crops there may be occasionally an absence in the soil of one of the seven elements usually considered existing in ample quantity Dr Griffiths the celebrated English agriculturist found that the addition of only 100 pounds of iron sulphate to the acre increased bis crop of beans nearly fifty per cent an enormous return for a small amount of a chemical worth only about SITil He also found that using a larger quantity than 111 pounds actually decreased his crop Chemists and farmers are studying the fertilizer question more closely than ever before Chemists are now looking diligently for an economical method of fixing the nitrogen of our boundless atmosphere The air we breathe is fourfifths nitrogen ami only onefifth oxygen hence we have in air and water all the needed elements for making either nitrates or ammonia This fixing of the nitrogen of the air can be done now but not cheaply enough A certain chemist however is already claiming that he has discovered a method of se curing it which will cost only one cent a pound for the ammonia produced I trust the day is not far distant when the farmers of our State will not de pend upon complex manures containing man ingredients not needed hut buy phosphoric acid ammonia and potash in the proportions demanded by their own particular lands lor a given crop Econominal fertilization is to give the land only what is necessary and to avoid a policy like that of the shotgun prescription of many ingredients given bythe doctor hoping that some will hitANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 11 ELLINGTON BILL No las An Act to regulate the sale of fertilizers in this state to fix a method for de termining the value of the same and for other purposes Section I Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and it is here by enacted by authority of the same That from and after the passage of this Act it shall be lawful for any purchaser of fertilizers from any owner thereof or agent of such owner to require of the person selling and at the time of the sale or delivery to take from each lot of eacdi brand sold a sample of its contents Sec II Be it further enacted That said sample so taken shall be mixed to gether and placed in a bottle jar or such other receptacle as the purchaser may present It shall then be the duty of such purchaser and seller to deliver said package to the Ordinaryof the county who shall label same with the names of the parties and of the fertilizers Sec III Be it further enacted That said Ordinary shall safely keep said package allowing neither partv access to the same save as hereinafter pro vided The ordinary shall receive a fee of ten 10 cents from the party de positing such sample for each sample so deposited Sec IV He it further enacted That should said purchaser after having used such fertilizer upon his crops have reason to believe from the yields thereof that said fertilizer was totally orjpartially worthless he shall notify the seller and apply to the Ordinary to forward the said sample deposited with him or a sufficiency thereof to insure a fair analysis to the State Chemist without stat ing the name of the parties the name of the fertilizer or giving its guaranteed analysis the cost of sending beingprepaid by the purchaser Sec V Be it further enacted That it shall be the duty of said State Chemist to analyze and send a copy of theresult to said Ordinary Sec VI Be it further enactedjThat should said analysis show that said fer tilizer comes up to the guaranteed analysis upon which it is sold then the statement so sent to the State Chemist shall be conclusive evidence against a plea of partial or total failure of consideration But should said analysis show that such fertilizer does not come up to the guaranted analysis then the sale shall be illegal null and voidandjwhen jsuit is brought upon any evidence of indebtedness given for such fertilizer the statement of such Chemist so trans mitted to the Ordinary shalljbe conclusive evidence of the facts whether such evidence of indebtedness is held by an innocent third party or not Sec VII Beit further enacted That in lieu of the State Chemist should the parties to the contractagree upon some other chemist to make said analysis all the provisions of this Act shall apply to his analysis and report to the Ir dinary Sec VIII Be it further enacted That should the seller refuse to take said sample when so required by the purchaser then upon proof of this fact the purchaser shall be entitledlto his plea of failure of consideration and to DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA support the same by proof of the want of effect and benefit of said fertilizer upon his ciop which proof shall be sufficient to authorize the jury to sustain defendants plea within whole or in part whether said suit is brought by an innocent holder or not Sec IX Be it further Miacted That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act be and the same are hereby repealed Approved December 27 1890 Sp vial attention is calhil to Sec 1Requiring seller to tike the sample Sec IIRequiring piirchas r and seller to deliver package to Ordinarj Sec III Requiring Ordinary to keep package allowing neither party access to the same Sec IV Requiring the forwarding of samples after seeing the yield of crop Sec IVRequiring cost of sending being prepaid by purchaser REMARKS ON THE ELLINGTON BILL Unless the law is complied with and samples are taken in the presence of purchaser and seller and kept in charge of the Ordinary the State Chemist will nut make the analyses If the sample is not taken in the presence of the seller and kept in charge by the Ordinary until sent to the Chemist a dishonest pur chaser by taking his own sample during the absence of the seller and mixing it with dirt could cause the ruin of an honest man and vice versa a rascally dealer by adding richer ingredients or substituting another sample could swindle an honest farmer It is impossible under the law for the Chemist to have any knowledge whatever of the names of the parties or of the names of the fertilizers or of heir guarantees This is eminently proper as it is equally so that neither purchaser nor seller should have private access to the sample The farmers desire protection against lowgrade goods and dishonest dealers proper care and attention to this law will certainly secure it The State Chemist earnestly requests the sealing with wax of all samples in presence of buyer and seller Although the law does not require it it is advis able that it should be done A record should be kept by the Ordinary of the names of the two parties the names of the brand and the guarantee and the samples should he numbered as taken and a corresponding number should be put upon the bottles When I he sample is sent to the Chemist everything should he scraped off the bottle but the number or the sample should be place1 in another bottle and numbered to correspond with bis record book to prevent samples getting mixed The Ordinary should write the name of the county on the package when shipping that the Chemist may know to what county the package belongs It is impossible sometimes to identify samples which are Bent to this office by the sender failing to write on the package where t is fromANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 189192 COTTON SEED MEAL Must be Inspected under tht Calvin Bill The Calvin Bill relating to the inspection and analyses of cotton seed meal does not seem to be thoroughly understood by manufacturers and dealers in that article Under the bill all cotton seed meal must be inspected and analyzed before it can without violating the law be sold or offered for sale to be used as a fer tilizer or for any other purpose Rules and regulations governing these inspections have been prescribed by the Commissioner and will be printed but in order that through misappre hension no sales in violation of the Act may be made the Commissioner issues the following Calvin Bill A bill to be entitled an Act to require all cotton seed meal to be subjected to analysis ami inspection as a condition precedent to being offered for sale and to forbid the sale in this State of such cotton seed meal if it be shown by the official analysis that the same contains less than 7 per centum of am monia to prescribe a penalty for the violation of the provisions of tbis Act and for other purposes Section I Beit enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same That from and after the passage of this Act it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to offer for sale in this State any cotton seed meal until the same shall have been duly analyzed by the State Chemist and inspected as now requited by law in the matter of all fertilizers and chemicals for manufacturing or composting purposes nor shall it be lawful to offer such cotton seed meal for sale in this State if it be shown by the official analysis that the same contains less than 7 per centum of ammonia provided that the provisions of this Act as to the per centum mentioned in this section shall not apply to meal manufactured from sea island cotton seed but the Commissioner of Agriculture shall upon the passage of this Act fix and make public a minimum per centum which shall control as to the cotton seed meal referred to in this proviso provided further that if any cotton seed meal shall not analyze up to the required per centum of am monia the same may be offered for sale as secondclass meal provided the true analysis be made known to the purchaser and stamped on the sack Sec II Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid That there shall be branded upon or attached to each sack barrel or package of cotton seed meal offered for sale in this State the true analysis as determined by the State Chemist and the number of pounds net in such sack barrel or package Sec III Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid that it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to take all steps necessary to make effective the provisions of sections 1 and 2 of this Act14 DEPA RTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE i E RGIA Section IV of the Act makes the person or persons violating the provisions of the Act guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Code Sec V repeals conflicting laws I desire to call the attention of all manufacturers of and dealers in cotton seed meal to the above law which requires the inspection tagging and analy sisof all cottoi seed meal whether gold for cattle food fertilizer purposes or other uses This law will be enforced and I most earnestly request all manu facturers to promptly comply with its requirements And in case of doubt as to the method to apply to the Department of Agriculture for the rules and regulations governing such inspections R T NESBITT Commissioner of Agriculture new law governing the inspection of fertil izers AND FERTILIZER MATERIALS On the 19th of October 1891 an Act the full text of which is here given was approved by the Governor In many respects it changes the method of inspect ing fertilizers and fertilizer materials and in these changes the Commissioner trusts that all manufacturers and dealers or their agents will willingly acquiesce as the Department will require and will see that the law and the regulations established by the Commissioner are carried out The assent and coopera tion of manufacturers and dealers or their agents will obviously render their dealings with the Department more pleasant and at the same time will better enable the Commissioner to give an efficient service and will aid him more readily to detect any spurious article that is sought to be imposed upon the people of the State and in protecting the farmers at the same time to protect the honest manufacturer and dealer AN ACT To amend and consolidate the laws governing the inspection analysis and sale of commercial fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed meal in the state of Georgiaand to rep ad all other laws and parts of laws in conflict there with and for oilier purposes Section I Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of reorgia That all manufacturers of or dealers in commercial fertilizers or chemicals or cotton seed meal to be used in manufacturing the same who may desire to sell or offer for sale in the State of Georgia such fertilizers chemicals or cot ton seed meal shall first file with the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Georgia the name of each brand of fertilizers or chemicals which lie or they may desire to sell in said State either by themselves or their agents together with the name of the manufacturer the place where manufactured and alsoANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS189192 15 the guaranteed analysis thereof and if the same fertilizer is sold under dif ferent names said fact shall be so stated and the different brands that are identical shall lie named Si II Be it further enacted That all fertilizers or chemicals for manufact uring the same and all cotton seed meal offered for sale or distribution in this State shall have branled upon or attached to each bag barrel or pack age the guaranteed analysis thereof showing the percentage of valuable ele ments or ingredients such fertilizers or chemicals contain embracing the fol lowing determinations Moisture at 212 deg Fabpercent Insoluble phosphoric acid percent Available phosphoric acid per t Ammonia actual and potential Potash K2O percent Lne analysis so placed upon or attached to said fertilizer or chemical shall be a guarantee by the manufacturer agent or person offering the same for sal that it contains substantially the ingredients indicated thereby in the per centages named therein and said guarantee shall ba binding on said manufac turer agent or dealer and may be pleaded in any action or suit at law to show total or partial failure of consideration in the contract for the sale of said fer tilizer chemical or cotton seed meal Sec III Be it further enacted That it shall be the hit v of the Commissioner ot Agriculture to forbid the sale of either of the lollwhig Any acid phos phate which contains less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid any acid phosphate with potash which contains a sum total of less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid and potash when the per cents of the two are added together any acid phosphate with ammonia which contains a sum total less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid and ammo nia when the per cents of the two are added together any acid phosphate with ammonia and potash which contains a sum total of leas than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid ammonia and potash when the per cents of the three are added together that no brands shall be sold as ammoniated super phosphates unless said brands contain 2 per cent or more of ammonia And also to forbid the sale of all cotton seed meal which is shown by official analysis to contain less than 7 per centum of ammonia Nothing in this Act shall be construed to nullify any of the requirements of an Act entitled an Act to require ths inspection and analysis of cotton seed meal Sec 1 V Be it further enacted That all persons or firms v ho may desire or intend to sell fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal in this State shall for ward to the Commissioner of Agriculture a printed or plainly written request for the tags therefor stating the name of the brand the name of the manufact urer the place where manufactured the number of tons of each brand and the number of tags required and the person or persons to whom the same is consigned the guaranteed analysis also the number of pounds contained in each hag barrel or package in which said fertilizer chemical or cotton seed meal is put up And shall at the time of said requesl for tags forward directly to the Commissioner of Agriculture the sum of ten cents per ton as an inspec tion fee whereupon it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA to issue tags to parties so applying who shall attach a tag to each bag ba or package thereof which when so attached to said bag barrel or package shall be prima facia evidence that the seller has complied with the require ments of this Act Any tags left in the possession of the manufacture dealers at the end of the season shall not be used for another season nor shall they be redeemable by the Department of Agriculture Sec V Be it further enacted That it shall not be lawful for any person firm or corporation either by themselves or their agents to sell or offer for sale in this State any fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal without first register ing the same with the Commissioner of Agriculture as required by this Act and the fact that the purchaser waives the inspection and analysis thereof shall be no protection to said party so selling or offering the same for sale Sec V Be it further enacted That the Commissioner of Agriculture shall appoint twelve inspectors of fertilizers or so many inspectors as in said Commissioners judgment may be necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms as said Commissioner of Agriculture shall in his judgment think best for carrying out the provisions of this Act The greatest compensa tion that any one inspector of fertilizers shall receive shall be at the rate of line hundred dollars per month and his actual expenses while in the dis charge of his duty as such inspector It shall be their duty to inspect all fertili zers chemicals or cotton seed meal that may be found at any pointy within the limits of this State and go to any point when so directed by tiie Com missioner of Agriculture and shall see that all fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal are properly tagged Sec VII Be it further enacted That each inspector of fertilizers shall be provided with bottles in which to place samples of fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal drawn by him and shall also be provided with leaden tags numbered in duplicate from one upward and it shall be the duty of each in spector of fertilizers to draw a sample of all fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed meal that he maybe requested to inspect or that he may find unin spected and he shall fill two sample bottles witli each brand and place one leaden tag of same number in each sample bottle and shall plainly write on a label on said bottles the number corresponding to the number on said leaden tags in said bottles and shall also write on the label on one of said bottles the name of the fertilizer chemical or cotton seed meal inspected the name of the manufacturer the place where manufactured the place where inspected the date of inspection and the name of inspector and shall send or cause to be sent to the Commissioner of Agriculture the samples so drawn by him an nexed to a full Report of said inspection written on the form prescribed by said Commissioner of Agriculture which reportmust be numbered to cor respond with the number on said sample bottles and number on the leaden tags placed therein and it shall also be the duty of said inspectors of fertili zers to keep a complete record of all inspections made by them on forms pre scribed by said Commissioner of Agriculture Before entering upon the dis charge of their duties they shall take and subscribe before some officer au thorized to administer the same an oath faithfully to discharge all the duties which may be required of them in pursuance of this ActANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZEJRS189192 17 Sec VIII Be it further enacted That the Commissioner of Agriculture shall have the authority to establish such rules and regulations in regard to the inspection analysis and sale of fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed meal not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as in his judgment will best carry out the requirements thereof Sec IX Be it further enacted That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to keep a correct account of all money received from the in spection of fertilizers and to pay the same into the Treasury after paying out the said sum of expenses and salaries of inspectors and for the tags and bottles used in making such inspections Sec X Be it further exacted That ail contracts for the sale of fertilizersTr chemicals in the State of Georgia made in any other manner than as required by this Act shall be absolutely void provided that nothingjin this Act shall be construed to restrict or avoid sales of acid phosphate kainit or other fertili zer material inbulkto each other by importers manufacturers or manipu lators who mix fertilizer material for sale or as preventing the free and unre stricted shipment of these articles in bulk to manufacturers or manipulators who mix fertilizer material for sale Sec XL Be it further enacted That any person selling or offering for sale any fertilizers or chemicals without having first complied with the provisions of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Code of Georgia Sec XII Be it further enacted That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act be and the same are hereby repealed 1 With the provisions of the above law the Commissioner requests that all manufacturers and dealers in commercial fertilizers chemicals and other fertilizer material immediately comply While the law itself is sufficiently explicit to be thoroughly understood t facilitate its operations the following form for registration is prescribed REQUEST FOR REGISTRATION To R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga You are hereby requested to register for sale and distribution in the State of Georgiamanufactured by at THE FOLLOWING IS THE GUARANTEED ANALYSIS OF THE BEAN Moisture at 212 Fah Insoluble phosphoric acid percent Available phosphoric acid per cent Ammoniaactual and potential Potash K O Percent 2ag per cent18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The ammonia is in the form of Theis put up inof ibs each It is identical with In consideration of being allowed to sell and distribute the above brand before the official analysis thereof is madeagree and bind to cancel all sales thereof and forfeit all claims for purchase money therefor if after the official analysis is made the Commissioner of Agriculture shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law 2 Under section 4 relating to request for tags in order that no delay may occur in shipments the manufacturer or dealer need not notify the Depart ment at the time of the request for tags of the name of the purchaser or con signee but must notify the Commissioner in writing of every sale or consign ment on the day in which the same is made This notice must distinctly state the brand of the fertilizer or the name of the chemical or fertilizer material and the number of tons together with the name of the purchaser or consignee and their place of residence It must request inspection and contain an agree ment to cancel all sales thereof in the event the Commissioner shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law The following form may be used substantial compliance with the above rule being regarded as sufficient NOTICE OF SALES AND CONSIGNMENTS AND REQUEST FOR INSPECTION 18 To R T Neibitt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga You are hereby notified thathave this day made the fol lowing sales and consignments and request that the same be inspected c d a CO 3 QD ca a s T 9 44 a SJ 3 ao s o 3 1C t o J3 5 0 0 jfl In consideration of being allowed to sell and distribute the above before the official analysis thereof is madeagree and bind to cancel all sales thereof and forfeit all claims for purchase money therefor if after the official analysis is made the Commissioner of Agriculture shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law Manufacturers and dealers by this rule are not required to delay ship ment in order that the inspection may be made but are required to see that their goods are properly tagged the inspection being made while the fertilizer or fertilizer material is in the hands of the purchaser or consignee 3 All orders for tags must be sent direct to the Department and the requestANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 189192 19 must be accompanied with the tees for inspection at the rate of ten cents per ton for the fertilizer or fertilizer material on which the are to be used Manufacturers and dealers or their agents may request tags in such quanti ties as they see tit but each request must state distinctly the brand or brands on which they are to be used with the number of tons of the brand or of each of said brands It is not necessary that the fertilizer or fertilizer material be actually on hand at the time the request is made but manufacturers or dealers can order such a number of tags as they may need during the season bearing in mind that no tags carried over will be redeemed by the Department In the event that more tags are ordered for any brand than it is ascer tained can be used on the sales and consignments of that brand by proper notice with the consent of the Commissioner the tags can be used on an other brand put up in packages or sacks of the same weight and sold or consigned the same season 4 If a fertilizer be offered for registration inspection or sale brandedas either of the following Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Guano Guano Fertilizer or other words implying that the same is an ammoniated superphosphate the guaranteed analysis must claim that it contains not less than 2 per cent of ammonia actual or potential That part of section excepting from the operations of the Act an Act to require the inspection and analysis of cotton seed meal leaves the inspection of that article under the Calvin bill which requires that all cot ton seed meal for whatever purpose to be used be inspected It is there fore necessary and is required that a request for inspection be sent to the Commissioner and that the inspection be made in the hands of the manu facturer dealer or their agent or if shipped in the State at some conven ient point before the meal is sold or distributed In all cases fees will be sent direct to the Commissioner who will immediately order the nearest inspector to make the inspectionTABLE No 1 Ammoniated Guanos Containing Two Per Cent and Upward of Ammonia NAME OF BRAND CO S Phosphoric Arid K E O Guaranteed Analysis c cd An 5 Fl Sa 8 5 BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFAClURED o tr1 H C w o Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Amercus Guano Atlanta Ammoniated Supeiphosphate Ashepoo Fertilizer Ashley Complete Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone A A Special Preparation Ammoniated Dissolved Bune Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate Allimee Ammoniated Dissolved Bone A A Special Preparation Bone Compound E in E 116 D 106 2662 2662 C 18 D 106C 18 C 107 0 7 H 111 2705 II KM 2716 B 14 C 8 268 2657 27111 2644 A 10 C 12 c 102 c 108 D 1M9 F 101 E 133 115 A 109 K 111 990 9IK 1157 1157 1224 1699 1551 1352 1155 904 1687 1283 1385 907 1566 308 308 I i 1 ir 123 129 203 362 178 97 146 267 564 564 759 739 784 709 668 783 859 618 652 784 168 739 184 sll 19 723 24 215 160 160 251 206 246 103 206 346 266 191 209 268 2 II i S09 809 919 919 1039 915 911 886 10631 964 9 IS 975 9 is 1679 937 226 220 262 202 247 265 260 210 261 240 205 220 2 12 266 231 L 159 159 254 254 287 150 176 266 219 205 211 152 220 125 181 SI 61 15 61 18 84 46 SI 19 II 17 IS 18 12 16 86 19 12 17 7 16 56 16 90 17 61 IS 17 17 16 2 i A i Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Amer cus Guano Co A merit1 us Ga 1 Americua Guano Co Americus Ga I Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C L Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C I Ashley Phosphate C CharlestonS C Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C lVa G Ob r S ns Co Baltimore Md 1 Rawls Webb Cuthb rt Ga 2 Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga l The ell Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Mi G Ober c Sons Co Baltimore Md V Goulriing Im rtilizerCo Pensacola FJa I and Dublin hvhtii1Burke County Fertilizer Cotton and Corn Compound Crescent Bone Fertilizer Cooper and Johnson Ammoniated Diss Bone Double Anchor Soluble Guano Economize Etiwan Guano Eddystone Soluble Guano Eddystone Soluble Guano Elephant Guano Eutaw Fertilizer Electric Guano Farmers Ammonated Dissolved Bon Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Farmers Standard Guano Jno M Greens Formula Jno M Greens Formula Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia State Grange Stand Am Supeiphos Good Enough Guano Gouldings St George Georgia Pacific Guano Georgia Fertilizer Hightower Co Ammoniated Diss Bone Hogansville Guano H 110 270J 924 161 716 178 894 225 205 16 75 1 8 2 1 H 111 2705 1699 12 709 206 915 265 150 17 48 2 8 2 C 109 2648 1390 181 692 14 838 216 312 16 95 1 8 2 2 D 122 2680 1305 101 720 208 928 211 231 11 m 8 2 1 A 113 B 11 700 210 788 221 1009 261 104 17 75 iy2 8 2 1 E 133 2719 1283 2117 784 191 975 22 152 16 90 2 8 2 1 D 120 2687 963 340 531 484 1015 240 184 17 96 1 9 1A E 116 26B2 990 3 08 564 245 809 220 159 15 64 1 8 2 l D 106 C 18 1157 445 759 100 9 19 202 254 10 SI 1 8 2 i D 135 2682 1143 73 705 238 9 Ill 251 2 Ill 17 85 1 8 o 2 U 107 C 7 1224 123 784 255 1039 247 287 19 14 3 8 2 1 E 133 2719 1283 267 784 191 975 220 152 16 90 2 8 2 1 o us 2646 1385 168 7119 209 948 2 12 220 17 04 1 8 2 1 U 109 2648 1390 184 692 146 838 2 11 312 1695 2 8 2 2 E 122 2709 1083 91 803 122 925 273 211 18 48 2 8 2 IK D 10i C 18 1157 445 759 160 919 202 251 16 84 1 8 2 1 E 116 2162 990 308 564 245 809 220 159 15 111 1 8 2 1 C 102 B 14 1352 362 783 103 886 210 2011 16 86 o 9 2 2 C 10 2648 1390 184 192 110 8118 216 312 111 95 2 8 2 2 A 127 C 26 973 206 471 346 817 236 189 Ill 32 1 8 2 X E 111 0 42 1566 19 723 214 937 2111 182 17 10 1 9 2X IK A 113 B 11 76u 210 78s 221 1009 261 104 17 75 iy2 S 2 1 C 109 2648 1390 184 692 146 838 211 312 16 95 i 8 2 2 C 109 2048 1390 184 692 146 838 216 312 16 95 i 8 o 2 E 122 2709 108s 91 803 122 925 273 241 18 48 2 1 8 2 Va Wavnesboro Oil Fert Co WaynSs boro Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C Imperial Fertilizer Co Chariest nS C Zells Guano Co Baltimore Mil EStiwan Phosphate CoCharleston SC Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Amerieus Guano Co Ameruus Ga Albany F F Imp Co Albany Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Ci Clarleston S C Zehs Guano Co Baltimore Md Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Couer Hull Co Savannah Ga Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansville Ga Amerieus Guano Co Amerieus Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Coopera ive Mfg Co Forsyth Ga Gouldngs FCo Pen Fla Dublin I Imperial Frt Co Charleston S C Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansville Ga 3 X O 93 O 93TABLE No 1Continued Ammoniated Guanos Containing Two Per Cent and Upward of Ammonia NAME OF BRAND Xi u 0 i a 25 S3 5 X cS m J 3 0 109 2648 1390 E 116 2662 990 D 106 O 18 1187 D 139 2683 904 Lanes W T 4 Bros Annnd Dis BoneC 109 248 1390 Lockwood Cotton GrowerA U3B If 700 Hardees Cotton Boll Imperial Guano Imperial Guano King Cotton Guano Monroe Guano Matchles Cotton Grower Manipulated Gaano Oglethorpe Ammoniated Diss Bore Old Tine Guano Owl Brand Guano F 105 2094 1028 D 122 2680 1305 C 112 C 109 JO 12 2648 H 103 2713 A 112 B Patent Pacific GuanoK lot 2657 Phoenix Guano Pure Amnoniatcd Bene Vegetable Fert Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer D 129 2081 J 118 2645 109 2618 8 at 1390 1150 Phosphoric Acid 184 308 1 18 97 184 210 187 166 133 184 210 SS6 128 1687 146 1053 381 965 114 184 692 140 564 248 7 60 618 346 692 146 788 221 782 8 2 720 208 I 17 298 692 I 16 741 LSI 040 286 0 82 266 v 389 588 212 892 140 835 809 919 964 838 1009 1071 928 860 838 922 938 918 9 II 800 838 220 202 240 210 261 213 213 314 2 10 254 2HI 208 211 601 2 10 3 12 189 254 205 810 05 17104 10si 17 72 12 lo 95 101 132 231 363 12 50 2 12 17 7 is 08 10 Oil ii 92 10 07 10 52 is 71 211 10 56 2 197 10 S7 1 Guarantied Anal 1818 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 1 1 1 1 1 1 022 30 70 12 16 117 2 Comer Hull Co Port Royal 1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga 1 Rawls Webb Cuthbert Ga 2 t onier Hu71 A Co Savannah Ga 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga 1 Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C iy2 Willcox GibbsGuCo Savannah Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah la rac Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Davie A Whittle PetersburgVa 2 Southern Phos Co Atlanta Ga 1 Walton Whann Co Charleston 8C 5 Coiner Hull S Co Savannah Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C H 53 EC I W o wFlow Biand Raw Bone Superphosphate Reliance Ammoniated Superphos Reliable Guano H R Cos Royal Soluble Guano Southern Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Selmans Annnd Diss Bone Guano Sterling Guano Small Grain Specific Standard Guano Soluble Guano Sibleys Ammoniated Diss Bone Soluble Guano Southern States Standard Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime Soluble Guano Sternes Ammd Raw Bone Superphosphate Soluble Guano Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Victor Guano Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos Westerns Ammd Diss Bone 26S4 106 2681 1053 2709 1083 26801305 2657168 2694 1025 B 11 705 760 1699 I 2685 1155 I 2705 1699 I 2646 1385 B II 2704 A 10 760 1832 007 2680 1305 2706 1218 2658 8 2618 B 11 2648 2648 928 1155 1390 760 1390 1390 2l 381 91 166 116 187 210 129 197 129 168 210 104 184 166 65 35 178 184 210 184 184 871 455 55 389 122 208 266 342 221 206 213 206 219 221 295 268 208 139 277 2111 146 221 146 146 1042 944 925 928 918 1074 1009 9 15 1006 915 948 1009 1068 1079 928 1061 1011 lOOi 838 1009 838 838 270 214 273 213 215 2 ll 261 205 227 265 212 261 202 260 2 13 250 231 261 216 261 2 16 216 25 19 22 197 241 16 87 18 48 231 16 99 211 16 56 132 18 08 I 104 17 75 I 150 17 48 I 156 17 35 I 150 17 48 220 17 04 104 17 75 157 17 25 125 18 47 I 231 16 99 256 19 14 I 196 17 80 I 219 19 12 312 16 95 104 17 75 312 16 95 312 16 95 2Waltcn Whann Co Char le ton S C 1 Waltc n Whann CoCharleston S C 1V3 Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansviile Ga 1 Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C 2 Southern Pho Co Atlanta Ga 1 Monroe Guam Co Monroe Ga 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C 1 Albany Ferti Farm I Co Albany Ga 1 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C 1 Coiner Hull Co for Sibley Mixon Co Augusta Ga 1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C 1 C L Montague Co Savannah Ga l4 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Royal Fert Co Charleston S C iy2 Stand Gu Chem Mfg Co N 0La 1 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC IX G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md 2 Port Royal Fert Co Ioi t Royal S C 1 Imperial Fertilizer Cc Charleston S C 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 2 Georgia Feit Co Port Royal S C x O c CO ITABLE No 2 Cotton Seed Meals Analyzed Under Provisions of Calvin Bill Approved July 22 L891 C V g 5 a o s u q a u S cS J si c o a a 3 o O 6 3 QJ K 33 u OS Guaranteed AnalyvU NAME OF BRAND 5 3 0 a 1 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED A 102 a ioj A 107 B 100 A 108 a io A HI A 114 A 115 D 103 A 117 D 112 A 118 A 128 E 103 E 102 A 3 A 4 A 7 A 8 A 9 B 3 B 4 B r B i B 18 B 1 B 20 B 21 B 22 C 6 C 9 S 13 8111 881 871 876 S71 B86 847 876 847 876 867 844 8 SO 820 890 JO 24 21 39 21 15 20 91 21 IK 20 91 21 48 20 33 21 03 20 33 21 03 20 81 20 26 21 12 19 68 21 51 750 750 750 750 751 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 7 50 7 50 7 50 7 50 Gate city Oil Co Clarkes Cove CSa Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove Ga Klberton Oil Mill Elberton Ga Milledgeville Oil Mill Milledgeville Ga Southern Cotton Oil Mill Atlanta Ga Albany Oil and Refining Co Albany Ga Jackson Oil Mill Jackson Ga Americus Guano Co Amerieue Ga Atlanta Oil Mill Kirkwood Ga Maoon Oil and Fertilizer Co Macon Ga LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ga Middle Georgia Manufacturing Co Hogansville Ga a o ES Q C S d I Q a o SJCotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Sea Island Cotton Seed Meal E 104 A 120 A 121 A 123 A 122 D 105 A 126 4571 E 118 D I2fi C 117 0 10 C 11 C 12 0 13 C 15 C 20 C 25 B 2 2668 lifiT 2649 676 808 870 876 798 874 914 820 816 649 21 56 21 03 20 84 20 88 21 03 19 16 20 98 21 94 19 OS 19 59 13 53 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 5 50 McBride o Newnan Ga Farmers Co operative Manufacturing Co Griffin Ga Augusta Oil Mill Augusla Ga Georgia FarmersOil and Fertilizer Co Madison Ga Augusta Oil Mill Augusta ia DawsonOil Mill Dawson Ga Co operative Manufacturing Co Forsyth Ga Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga West Point Oil Mill West Point Ga Farmers and Merchants Oil and Guano Co Fort Gaines Ga The A P Brant ley Co Blackshear Ga f V R f O a o g a i3 J1TABLE No 3 Superphosphates with Ammonia and Potash si a o s 3 e3 o Phosphoric Acid O s s o Analysis NAME OF BRAND BY WHOM ANTI WHERE MAN o c8 X 3 C j 3 0 J3 5o 35c j UFACTURED o JO c5 o 3 an 3 o Q 3 g i o3 3 S 3 m J S M CO W Sh 03 ii l l 0 F 113 27 IS 16 7 192 737 2flR iok 133 101 814 91 2 10 l 1 Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga O W M Q o f W w I o o TABLE No 4 Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates with Potash NAME OF BRAND Ashepoo Acid Phosphate and Potah Ashepoo Bone Ash Charleston Acid Phosphate Ashley Acid Phosphate Americus Dissolved Bone and Pol ash Ashley Acid Phosphate Double Anchor Acid Phosphae Dissolved Bone a nd Potash Phoxpho rc Acid Guaranteed 2 g Analysis a o 6 etj o M 3 oS e Phos Acid a 5 o3 0 3 J3 2 S O 3 5 s S n 2 o 3 ID eS c3 s 5 a w p a H rjl aj M 4 i Oh 23 yZ 3h BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED A 1 A 128 E 107 E 114 D j17 E 114 F 103 D 117 Eutaw Acid Phosphate and PotashiA 128 Ed sto Acid Phosphate E 12 Edisto Acid PhosphateE 330 Imperial Acid PhosphateF 103 Lockwood Acid PhosphateF 103 Stoao Acid PhosphateE 107 Sterling Acid PhosphateF 103 Victor Aid PhosphateF 103 C 37 O 37 C 40 2663 2679 2666 21 a 17 20711 C 37 2717 2720 2107 2087 40 2667 2607 11 943 1430 1238 1066 1238 1194 1000 943 1381 llol 1194 1194 1430 1194 1194 159 169 232 13 157 137 2 Oil 457 15 1 138 127 269 269 232 269 269 940 910 839 771 210 771 807 210 911 7 15 805 807 807 839 807 807 498 498 239 383 791 383 327 791 498 298 237 32 327 239 327 327 1438 1438 1078 1154 1001 1151 1134 1001 1138 1013 1092 1134 1134 1078 1134 1134 169 169 190 196 154 190 164 151 179 142 150 164 164 190 162 161 15 46 15 10 12 75 13 40 11 81 13 40 12 9 11 84 15 46 11 84 12 59 12 99 1 99 12 75 12 99 12 99 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C AsIcy Phos Co Charleston S C Americus Guano Co Am ricu Ga Athens Oil Fert Co Athens Ga Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Edi to Phosphate Co Charlesiotl S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imperal Fert Co Charleston S C Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Stono Phos Works Charleston S C Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Imperial Fert Co Cnarleston S C H r O O 2 H W o P M 3 N ITABLE No 5 Plain Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates NAME OF BRAND a s a 3 r A a 5 s S o to A Acid PhosphateA Ashley Dissolved Cone E D E D E E E C F E D C A A C I Acid Phosphate Atlanta Sol Bone Americus Diss Bne Atlantic Diss Bone Ashepoo Diss Bone Ashepao Acid Phos Cotton Boll Acid Phosphate Diss Bone Double Anchor Diss Bone Diamond Soluble Bone Dissolved BoneAcid Phosphate Eutaw Acid Phosphate Excelsior Acid Phosphate Edisto Diss Bono 0 14 2665 2688 2660 0 21 C 41 17 106C 17 2641 inn 2664 C 16 2674 B 12 106 A 6 116 B 8 105 P 17 1107 1276 1312 1336 12116 1258 1219 12 19 1617 1528 870 1130 1532 1080 1029 13 Is Phosphoric Acid 0 o u 0 o CO iS I 192 109 104 196 166 55 166 166 31 7 267 174 1046 10211 1004 12 S8 774 924 1038 It 10 Mil 1110 957 972 177 284 1107 897 3 58 828 97 908 38 385 304 316 301 422 434 434 18 J hi 320 387 18 402 470 II II 138 1562 1090 1225 1460 1344 13 II 1279 1179 13 12 L366 U94 11 1230 Guarant ed Analysis CTZ I 0C BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UKAOIUUED 13 It 13 7 15 10 11 32 12 40 14 28 13 36 18 36 12 84 12 94 13 II 13 53 14 56 12 32 12 II 13 63 Cia Farm Oil FertCo MadisonGa Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Albany Fert F I Co Albany Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Americus Guano Co Amer cus Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phoi Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C 1 omer Hull Co Savannah Ga Furmans Farm t ImpCo AtlantiGa Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Walton Whann Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannnh Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Chariest 11 S C Excelsior MfgCoIsedWashingtODGa Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston s 00 W H as H O w ti o d t1 H I S1 H W oTCitaw Acid Phosphate Eiiwan Diss Bone Enoree Acid Phosphate English Dis Bone Acid Phosphate Furmans A id Phosphate Forest City Acid Phosphae Georgia Acid Phosphite Georgia State Standard D B Phosphate Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate Hgh Grade Acid Imperial Diss Bone Littles High Grade Ac d Phosphate Le ider Acid Phosphate Leggs Higl Grade Acid Phosphate Marietta H gh Grade Acid Phosphate Moarce AcLl Ogl ithorpe Acid Phosphate Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate Pjrt Royal A id Phosphate Port Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate Piedmont Acid Phosphate Rawis Webb Acid Phosphae Sternas Acid Phosphate Sunny South Acid Phosphate C 171 1219 1316 1261 C 17 1211 B 12 1532 1204 1523 2641 2111 2641 2641 2697 105 C 16 ll 2097 L29 C 38 100 2097 100 2534 106 2695 113 2011 113 2011 113 2011 113 2611 100 2531 138 2677 125 2707 117 2660 1617 1017 1617 1617 1214 870 1214 1501 1214 1705 1226 1617 16 i 1617 1617 1705 1005 1028 1661 910 270 1030 177 73 31 31 31 31 73 207 73 51 73 298 31 31 31 31 138 73 196 1107 957 IIIll 1110 1110 1110 1306 972 1306 920 1306 1204 Hll 1110 1110 1110 1110 1201 1078 1286 77 4 31 28 434 387 222 1611 109 169 161 303 340 303 18 303 61 28 16 10 109 169 01 393 280 316 13 14 I 1 1 1344 1404 1279 1279 1 1609 1312 1168 111 1265 1301 1279 1279 1 1279 1 1279 1265 1474 1566 1090 13 36 13 Id 13 36 11 50 12 01 12 81 12 84 12 84J 12 84 15 48 13 10 15 48 11 95 I 18 12 72 13 01 12 84 12 81 12 84 12 84 12 72 14 37 15 13 II 32 1 lAshepoo Phosphale CoCharletDiSC JEtiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC JAhepoo Phosphate CoCharlestonSC S ivannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Furman Farm Imp Co A D Adair McCarty Bros igts Atlanta Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull it Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga tomer Hull Co Savannah Ga G o V Scott Co Atlanta Ga Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC Gen W Scott Co Atlanta Ga ad Fertilizer Co New York Ceo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Manetin Guano Co Atlanta Ga Monroe Guano Co Monrce Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Coiner Hull Co Savannah Ga omer Hull CoSavannah Ga Comer Hull Co Port Koyal S C Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga C L Montague Co Savannah Ga Standard Guano and Chemical Mfg Co New Orleans La Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga R GO 6 K is TABLE No 5Continued NAME OF BRAND x Slbleys Acid Phosphate Wando AcidPhosphate Walton Acid Phosphate X X Acid rhopliMt 0 113 E ID 458 L24 iGii Pi 17 B 23 PI57 B 7 2674 642 11 30 Phosphoric Arid 02 31 185 251 1110 985 925 1046 169 388 433 320 Quarunteed Analysis a 2 1279 1373 1858 1865 12 84 2 12 13 59 y 10 18 17 i 11 13 53 i 12 BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTURED Sibley A Nixon Augusta Ga Wando Phosphate Co Charleston S 0 Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Walton Whann Co WilmingtonDel H Kainit Bales Rust Preventive A 107 A 5 A JOlA I TABLE No 6 Potash Salts 131 lli 813 U 3 76 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C J A Bale Rome Ga H d O TABLE No Analyses Made Under the Provisions of the Ellington Bill Approved December 27th 1890 NAME OF ORDINARY ADDRESS OF ORDINARY C o S 3 S3 u s s O o CM Pliosphoric Acid eg 9 M NAME OF COUNTY o o REMARKS S h o 3 7 1 J3 3 2 ii 6 02 U 1 2 OS 3 3 O E a 3 o Warren County Hon It W Hubert Warrenton Ga No 1 2546 1200 38 973 355 1326 104 Scroven County Hon M M Potter Sylvania Ga No 1 2590 1096 61 93 990 10S3 250 246 Nothing on package toindcate where it was from It was received by mail addressed Hon State Chemist State of Ga Atlanta Ga preceding a letter with a similar address from Hon M M Pot Burke County Hon E L Brinson Waynesboro Ga No I 2591 522 29 97 Hi 1190 276 19S ter Screven Co Sylvania Ga Received by mail in two paper packages in a paste Burke County Hon E L Brinson Waynesboro Ga No 1 2592 978 252 795 203 998215 551 board box not sealed in any way if cc M Q O ft w Q ii P t1 ft H Circular No 1 Fourth Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1892 RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MAY 1 1892 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga May 10 1892 GENERAL REMARKS Since issuing the October crop report which closed the work of that branch of the Department for last season the number of cor respondents has been very largely increased This was done that the labor of those who were then serving the Department might be lightened by permitting them to confine their observations to their own immediate neighborhood and that fuller and more accurate in formation might be obtained from each section of every county The result has been gratifying and not only has the ordinary matter for the crop report been given but also valuable data has been furnished covering the individual enterprise of Georgia farmers and the industrial and agricultural development of our State Much of the material furnished would have been published in this report but for the fact that the space was required for the work of the Experiment Station In future reports and for reference we will be able to utilize we trust with benefit the communications and hope that subsequent reports will be made with as much pains taking care as has characterized the work of all the correspondents for this report The abnormal condition presented of our staple crop bringing in the market less than the cost of its production demanded a change in our methods and the comprehensive view of the acreage devoted 332 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA to the various crops exhibited by the tabulated statement shows that the farmers have done all in their power under present con ditions to meet the exigencies of the case The large area planted in cereals is a cause for congratulation The further fact not apparent from the tables that where facilities for supplying the Northern market with vegetables are afforded and large cities offer a home market an impetus has been given to truck farming and gardening is also a source of satisfaction WEVTHEK While the beginning of the season has not been such in some sec tions of the State as would promise a hardy stand especially of cotton yet we trust that the recent rains the results from which we have received no official report will develop a more favorable prospect The State has been almost universally free from late frosts and but little damage has been done to fruit or veg etation CORN In this crop the largest increase in acreage is s hown amounting in Middle Georgia to over 17 percent and over the State to over 14 per cent The general tendency for several years has been in the direction of planting a large area in this great food crop but at no time since records of this character have been kept by the Depart ment has so great an increase been made As to general condition compared with the reports of previous years the crop is good The plant is generally in a fair condition as to cultivation WHEAT This crop which has been regarded as more and more uncertain each year shows for the first time in several years an increased acreage A revival of interest in the crop may lead to ascertaining the cause of the poor success with which its cultivation has been recently attended Should this be accomplished a great benefit will be derived by North Georgia where at one time it was culti vated to a large extent The condition and prospect com pared with an average is good being 1 per cent above an average 34MAY CROP REPORT1892 OATS The acreage planted in this crop is greater in every part of the State except Southeast Georgia where there is a decrease of 6 per Jnt The condition and prospect is good in North and East Georgia and poor in Southwest and Southeast Georgia The proportion of the crop sown in the fall and spring is about the same particular localities sowing nearly the entire crop in the fall while other localities geographically similarly situated sow in the spring COTTON In this our great money crop we find the greatest reduction in acreage ever reported This result is due to a large extent to the low price the crop brought last season Another cause which has led to the decrease is the effort on the part of many farmers to raise their supplies at home This tendency is illustrated by a compar ison of the tables published by the Department for several years In many sections of the State the crop is reported at from ten to fifteen days late The condition and prospect is very poor and we can only hope that more propitious seasons will develop a hardier and more vigorous plant and bring out a better stand FRUIT On the prospect of a fruit crop it is gratifying to report that a larger yield is promised than for any year since 1889 While in juries by frost have been reported the damage done is not so great but that there will be a bounteous yield In those sections of the State where the orchard is a source of profit no material damage is reported and a flattering yield is promised KASS CULTURE The cultivation of the grasses and forage plants is attracting more attention in Middle and North Georgia This is evidenced by the increased area that has been planted So long as the stock in our large cities are fed from the fields of Tennessee and other States too much cannot be said in favor of Georgia pasturage and in behalf of the cultivation of Georgia hay GENERAL LIBRARY University of Georgia4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA STOCK The condition of stock throughout the State is generally good In some localities cholera is reported among the hogs A question of very serious moment to every stock owner in the State is that of glanders among our horses and mules A number of cases have been reported to the Department which upon investigation of competent veterinarians have been pronounced glanders Every means at the command of the Department will always be directed to suppressing this loathsome and fatal disease hut with no defined powers to act it is difficult to accomplish much SUPPLIES The supply of corn and forage on hand this season is much greater than that of last year some counties in North Georgia reporting a full supply with corn to sell The cash price for com ranges from 50 to 70 cents per bushel with the credit from 60 cents to 100 depending on the section of the State FERTILIZERS The consumption of fertilizers as shown by the records of the Department is 30 per cent less than that of last season As an evidence of the care taken by correspondents it might be said that there is no material difference between the record and the report made by them In the amount of fertilizers manipulated at home there is an increase in per cent over that of last year also in the amount of stable manure used These are encouraging re sults and show that we are working in every direction to render ourselves selfsustaining and to become sellers not purchasers TOBACCO A great deal of interest has been manifested in the cultivation of this plant throughout the State In nearly every part of the State experiments are being made with a number of different varieties After the crop has been gathered the adaptability of our soil to this plant will be thoroughly tested While advising experimental planting we have always suggested that only a small acreage be tried until it has been sufficiently demonstrated that tobacco can be made a money crop in Georgia and while the acreage this year is much larger than heretofore we do not believe any loss will result and we trust the experiments will prove successful 36Consolidated rop Report for MayBy Sections Com Out North Georgia 112 Middle Georgia 117 Southwest Georgia 116 East Georgia Southeast Georgia 28 1081 a a 183 o O 97 100 109 112 94 Average for State114i 95105J 95J 102 901 108 73 t lu I8A 36 48 51 60 Wheat Cotton o 03 M oa 0J CO os id1 112 104 112 5 ftp 3 0 O 100 102 102 101J 1 03 03 88 80 841 76 08 s a c 82 92 74 93 Rice 1 I Clover s 5 Grasses s 3 x o o o C Mi 08 OJ 1 08 Ph 55 Hi 89 41 0 00 S 08 68 63 0 501 85 I 79 125 82 112j 105 108 1011 80 82 461 84 116J 104 109 105 74 0v 1 M a a 00 0 A sTgJ2 106 105 lOoIllO 112 100 102 104 10 FRUIT Percentage of Full s Prospect 79 90 61J 93 47 Slock m 75 77 i 76 71 60 36 50 48J 54 104 OS C 8 SIS 0D g r Jd 03 00 c o x L5 fa CD 3 96 98 J 97 97 100 98 97 104 US 98 1044 97 23 97 90 101 102 101100 100 93 Supplies 101 tl a p fcH q 0 5 08 O 0 0 0 9 83 C5 y 5 M 08 Oh a B w q 13 fi Ph 00fl 65 64 70 7V 72 70 75 I 85j 86 84 93 I 85J 94 71 851DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TO THE FARMERS F GEORGIA It is with great pleasure that I issue my first report of the pres ent crop season containing as it does the gratifying intelligence of a REDUCTION OF THE COTTON ACEEAGE and a diminution of the indiscriminate use of commercial fertili zers Having made last season perhaps 1000000 bales of cotton at a heavy loss to the majority of producers the present year found us facing conditions appalling in their significance and importance With our staple crop a drug in the markets of the world with debt and an improvished soil left to remind us of the necessity of a change in our agricultural methods and the manage ment of our farms we began the year of 1892 We were sur rounded by conditions which caused the stoutest heart to quail and produced general almost universal murmuring and discontent How to operate our farms with empty pockets and a short provision supplv was a question of such magnitude that many of us shrank from even attempting its solution But these difficulties and others perhaps as grave daily developing forced us to take eounsel to gether and the result of our deliberations is seen in the reduced consumption of fertilizers andk the reduction of at least 20 per cent in the cotton acreage We have been spending about SEVEN MILLION HOLLARS PEE ANNUM for fertilizers using it often in a careless manner unmindful of it adaptability to the soil or the crop it was intended to benefit and most of this large amount has been applied to cotton The present season witnesses A REDUCTION OF ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND TONS in the use of commercial fertilizers representing a saving to the farmers of about two and a half million dollars Another significant fact is that much of what has been purchased been used under corn and small grain TDK MARKED INCREASE IN THE SMALL GRAIN CROPS is also a cause for congratulation We have prom ise by faithful cul tivation and the blessing of the early and the later rains of an 38MAY CROP REPORT1892 abundant food crop for man and beast To make assurance doubly sure however 1 would advise that full crops of MILLET AND SORGHUM be planted A few acres well prepared and manured with a phos phate will give an abundance of most nutritious food for cattle hogs and mules and will save many ears of more expensive corn KOR THE NEXT FEW MONTHS the very best generalship is required in handling the crops Rapid and thorough but shallow cultivation should be the cry from one end of the State to the other Never let a crust remain longer than you can get to it to break it Xothing pays so well as repeated shal low stirring of the surface soil I have repeatedly urged the grave necessity of reducing the acreage and REDUCING THE COST OF COTTON our staple crop by increasing the yield per acre Here we have the solution of a problem which for twenty years we have vainly endeavored to master During that period we have steadily increased the acreage and only by the use of tremendous amounts of commercial fertilizers have we been able to keep the average yield up to about onethird of a bale to the acre The immense increase in the crop has not come from any improvement in the land but simply from the fact that as a rule farmers have been straining every nerve impairing their credit and impoverishing themselves and families by adding acre after acre to the already too large cot ton area Too large because in many cases it has been planted at the expense of other even more important provision crops I have never ceased to urge the absolute necessity of BUILDING ITP OUB LANDS by renovating crops and by better methods of preparation and cult ure To make ourselves an independent and prosperous people we must change our system of farming The day has passed when large holdings except in rare cases are made profitable The small land owner will be the man to redeem this land of ours from the blight of mortgages and a tenant system which draws everything possible from the soil and returns nothing for the bounty8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The farmer can produce but a small crop of cotton at a cost of less than seven cents a pound But would it not be better to produce that small crop and realize even a small amount on it than to make a large one at a cost of from seven to ten cents and lose from one to four cents on each pound Indeed our common sense would teach us that we should plant no crop unless we can realize on it more than it cost us to make it And yet the South has in the season just passed LOST NEARLY ONE HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS this amount representing the difference between the cost of making our crop of nine million bales and the price we have received for it Every practical farmer in the entire cotton belt realizes that we cannot continue this losing game and has been eagerly and anxiously casting about for some plan of relief That the advice so often given has been largely acted upon is illustrated by a comparison of the acreage devoted to cotton and the acreage devoted to grain and provision crops The lesson so severely taught by the low price obtained for the cotton crop for the last season is one which I believe we will not soon forget and having declarer ourselves in favor of the selfsustaining farm we have done much towards laying the foundation of our future agri cultural independence Our staple crops having been pitched and planted while paying strict attention to their proper cultivation let us not neglect the MALL THINGS OK THE FARM which add so much to the comfort of the household and save many a dime and dollar that would otherwise have to go to purchase nec essary provisions The garden and poultry yard afford splendid sources of a whole some food supply and in many instances where market facilities are afforded can become the means of purchasing articles which would otherwise have to be bought on a credit at a higher price and paid for out of our money crops in the fall It is essential to the successful management of our farms that attention be paid to the demands of the markets of our neighboring town or city where facilities for properly placing the results of our labor are to be found By casting about in this direction we will often find ourselves able to supply for cash or goods farm products 40MAY CROP REPORT1892 9 that can be made with little laborand which in the end will greatly reduce the amount which we are compelled to pay out of the pro ceeds of our staple crops Having made a start in the right direction let us not turn back allured by a speculative hope of a very large increase in prices But let us use our energies so that we may hasten the day when instead of the Kentucky mule fed on Tennessee hay and western grain we will have the Georgia mule fed on Georgia grain and forage and our large cities and towns supplied with provisions the products of the Georgia farm R T Nerbitt Commissioner 4110 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA EXTRACTS FROM BULLETINS OF THE GEORGIA EXPER IMENT STATION These extracts are from Bulletins 15 16 and 17 Copies of these as well as all future bulletins will be sent any Georgia farmer who requests it Address Director R J Redding Experiment Ga FROM BULLETIN NO 15 DECEMBER L891 GENERAL FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT ON CORN Experiment No 2 The object of this experiment was to determine the effect of ap plying varying quantities of each of the three elementsnitrogen phosphoric acid and potash The section selected comprised one acre of very poor gray gravelly soil underlaid by a yellow pebbly clay inclining to pipe clay The original growth was scrubby post oak red and yellow oak and the soil is probably the poorest on the farm It was in corn in 1890 fertilized at the rate per acre of Tin pounds of superphospate 170 pounds of cotton seed meal and so pounds of muriate ot potash The yield was 18 bushels of corn The land was well broken April 8th with a one horse turnplow and harrowed smooth April 14th it was laid off into fiftytwo rows running east and west and four feet wide using a long scooper followed by a shovel The section was then divided in the middle across the rows and grouped into plots of three rows each extending half across the acre from the west to the middle line and from the middle line to the east side The plots were numbered from 1 to 17 commencing on the north side of the west half and extending to the south side then from 18 to 34 continuing from the south side of the east half to the north side as represented in Table No Illa where columns 1 and 8 contain the numbers of the several plots and their arrangement The normal or standard for mula was 156 pounds superphosphate 194 pounds of muriate of potash and 324pounds of nitrate of soda This formula was ap plied to plots 1 10 18 and 27 On the next succeeding plots 2 11 19 and 28 the potash was doubled the other ingredients remaining the same In the next series plots 3 12 2d and 29 the nitrogen was doubled the others remaining normal In the fourth series plots 4 13 21 and 30 both the potash and the nitrogen were doubled phosphoric acid remaining normal In the fifth series the phosphoric acid and potash were doubled ni trogen remaining normal and so on through to the eighth series Table No Illbshows a summary of the scheme in which the sevMAY CROP REPORT1892 11 eral series arc grouped together and the averages of the resulting yields of the several plots of each series are given Plots 9 and 2b abutting each other contained four rows each and were not fer tilized By this arrangement of the plots inequalities in the character and productiveness of the different portions of the acre were ap proximately adjusted or corrected To illustrate The average yield of the unfertilized plots 9 and 26 was 10K bushels per acre Let us take this as a basis of com parison Then by applying the normal ration as on series 1 the yield is 1524again of 524 series 2 potash doubled the yield is 1588a gain of 588 series 3 nitrogen doubled 1668a gain of 668 series 5 phosphoric acid doubled 1624a gain of 624 series 4 both potash and nitrogen doubled 1768a gain of 768 series 6 potash and phosphoric acid doubled 1586a gain of 586 series 7 phosphoric acid and nitrogen doubled 170a gain of 790 Comparing other results with the yield of the normal ration series 1 it will be seen that doubling the potash increased the yield 064 doubling the phosphoric acid increased the yield by 100 doubling the nitrogen by 144 and doubling the phosphoric acid and potash increased the yield by 052 doubling the potash and nitrogen 244 and doubling the phosphoric acid and nitrogen 2 66 Conclusionsit is quite evident 1 That the soil was a very poor soil for coin 2 That the soil was deficient in ail three of the elements phos phoric acid potash and nitrogen 3 That it was particularly deficient in nitrogen because nitrogen invariably produced the most marked increase in the yield 4 That phosphoric acid was next in order of deficiency since its effectiveness in increasing the yield was next after that of nitrogen 5 That potash was least effective was Least needed The results confirm the conclusion 3 reached in regard to the preceding ExperimentNo 1 Special Nitrogen Experiment on Cornthat nitrogen is the most effective clement of a fertilizer for corn on this soil By way of caution it may be remarked that it was no part of the purpose of this experiment lo produce a large yieldofeorn but sim ply and solely to ascertain the relative effect of the different ele ments in varying combinations The results of both experiments but especially of the last strongly suggest the inexpediency of relying solely on concentrated fer tilizers for corn ft may be added that while nitrogen appears to be the most important because the most effective element it does not follow that a farmer should persist in buying nitrogenthe most costly of the three elements It is the one element that maybe captured from the atmosphere as well as unlocked from the sub soil by ajudicious system of rotation including clover peas and other leguminous crops in combination with stock feeding and the 412 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA use of animal manures Under such a system after getting fully under way the purchase of nitrogen should be limited to special occasions not otherwise foreseen and provided for INTKRCULTURAL FERTILIZINGCORN Experiment No 3 This was a repetition of a similar experiment conducted in 1891 but on a different section of land the object being to test the rela tive effects of successive application of fertilizers during the period of growth of the crop The schemeembraced three series of five plots each each plot containing three rows four feet wide and one acre long In the first series including plots 1 2 3 4 and 5 and the third series including plots 13 14 15 16 and 17 the fertilizers were compounded and distributed as plainly indicated in Table IV TABLE IV EXPERIMENT Intercvllural Fertilizing on Coin E Half Soot DivB 1S1 f 1312 39 65 a 312 39 55 3 12 ii 4312 39 65 i I i 5 3123965 cj 1 s CS c A0 cp a CD 5 t e 1 ft C cs c o j H U 2 i How and when Fertilizers were Applied f I J 286 8286i37 286 37 10236 37 111286 37 12 181312139 65 14312J39 65 15 3123965 1 31239165 I7312l39l65 14 14 1 i 11 143 All before planting Half before planting half first plowing Onethird each before planting and 1st and 2d plowing Onethird each before planting and Id and 3d plowing All of Sup P and Mur P and onethird Nit before planting onethird of Nit S at 2d and 3d plowing Unfertilized All before planting Same as Plot 2 Same as Plot 3 Same as Plot 4 Same as Plot 5 C S M inst of Nit 8 Unfertilized Same as Plot 1 Same as Plot 2 Same as Plot Same as Plot 4 Same as Plot 5 r s S 3 X S J 20 14 14 16 178 226 8 0 207 210 28 4 305 314 284 301 297 32 1 1 34 327 2 305 9 289 44MAY CROP RF PORT1892 IS In series 2 cotton seed meal was substituted for nitrate of soda and the amounts of superphosphate and muriate of potash were re duced by as much as the phosphoric acid and potash contained in the cotton seed meal in order to preserve the same actual amounts of the three fertilizing elements in every plot of the fertilized series Plots 6 and 12 were not fertilized ConclusionsFrom the comments on the similar experiment made in 1890 the following is repeated While not decisive the results indicate that one undivided ap plication at or before the time of planting will give as large a final yield as when divided into two or more portions While this may be finally shown to be true as a rule when the total amount of fer tilizers applied is moderate say less than 500 pounds per acre it may not be true when the amount is greater and especially where a large quantity is applied per acre The character of the seasons would also prove a material factor in influencing the result The same experiment was tried on cotton with somewhat different re sults which will appear in the next bulletin This experiment will be repeated next season The results of this experiment the past year seems to confirm the above statement No very marked or regular differences occur in the yields of the plots successively fertilized compared with those on which the whole amount was applied previous to planting The soil gradually increased in unaided productiveness from plot 1 to plot 17 as indicated by the increased yield of unfertilized plot 12 compared with unfertilized plot 6 There is some indication from the yield of plots 8 and 14 that better results follow when the fer tilizer is divided into two portions onehalf applied before planting and the other half at first plowing But this indication is not sus tained by the result of plot 2 On the whole the results do not show any decided advantage in intercultural fertilizing The theory is a plausible one and as before remarked may be sustained in practice where a very heavy application of fertilizers is made EFFECT OF PULLING FODDDER Experiment No 4 Two experiments were conducted on the west half of a twoacre section each experiment covering exactly the same ground The land was well ploughed and harrowed laid off four feet each way and planted in checks covering with a hand hoe April 6 all the plots having been uniformly fertilized before planting The rows as they ran east and west were divided into four plots of thirteen rows each On the first and third plots the blades were stripped from the stalks The fodder was pulled at the usual time 4514 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURESGEORGIA of performing that operation and the fodder from each plot carefully cured and weighed On the second and fourth plots the fodder was not pulled Table No 5 shows the arrangement of the plots the percentage of missing hills and the yield of shelled corn per acre of each mb plot ResultsThe plots from which the blades were stripped yielded 239 bushels of shelled corn per acre Those from which the blades were nut taken gave a vield of 273 bushels per acre a loss of 34 bushels per acre as the result of pulling the fodder But the yield of fodder was 270 pounds per acre at a cost for pulling and curing of 81 cents In other words there was a loss of 34 bushels equal to 1904 pounds of corn and a gain of 270 pounds of fodder It actually cost 81 cents to pull and house the fodder and probably 10 cents to crib the 34 bushels of corn Let the result be stated as on a ledger Fodder not pulled yield of corn 273 bushels a 30c 16 38 Fodder pulled vield of corn 239 bushels 3 60c14 34 Fodder pulled yield of fodder 270 lbs n 100 2 70 17 04 Less cost of pulling fodder SI 16 23 Less cost of cribbing 34 bus corn 16 28 To loss by pulling fodder 05 16 28 10 28 hast year the same experiment resulted in a gain by pulling the fodder of 162 Conclusion The result does not justify any modification of the conclusion drawn last year which is as follows The strongest argument against the practice is the meager re sults in fodder compared with the amount of labor involved The same labor employed in mowing grass or any good forage crops even without the use of improved harvesting machinery would vield vastly greater results Nothing can be urged against the merits of corn blade fodder as a feeding stuff when well handled There are few fodders su perior to it To which may be added that the economic results will vary ac cording to the relative demand for and the corresponding prices of corn and fodder And the further consideration that where a farmer relies on stripping the blades of corn for his supply of hay or long forage he rarely secures enough even under the most favor able conditions while often he falls very far short of plenty 4rMAY CROP REPORT180 15 DEEP AND SHALLOW CULTURE OF CORN Experiment No 5 As before stated this experiment was projected on the same section occupied by the preceding experiment No 4 to which including Table V the reader is referred for fuller details May 1 all the plots were plowed deep and close with square point scooters out and out May 16 the odd numbered plots were cultivated with two furrows with Planet Jr cultivator very shallow and the even numbered plots were plowed with scooters close and deepfour forrows June 2 the odd numbered plots were again cultivated with cul tivator shallow two furrows to the row while the even numbered plots received four furrows to the row with a teninch shovel June 17 the same was repeated using also a scrape attached under the shovel June 29 the odd plots received one furrow to the row with culti vator with three sweeps very shallow and the even plots received two furrows to the row with a shovel and 16 inch scrape In all the shallow culture or odd numbered plots received six 6 furrows less than the total furrows given to the deep culture plots Now for the RemitsCompare the yields as set forth in columns 11 and 12 and it will be seen that in every instance excepting in plots o 5 and 11 the yield of the shallow culture plot exceeded that of the following deep culture plot The average yield of the shallow cult ure plots was 261 bushels of corn per acre while that of the deep culture plots was 251 bushels a difference in favor of the shallow culture of one bushel per acre ConclusionsThe difference in yield in favor of shallow culture is not great only one bushel or 4 per cent but it is decided But the advantage of the shallow culture becomes still more manifest when the cost of the extra labor involved in deep culture is con sidered Six furrows to each of the fiftytwo rows on one acre would amount to 124 miles of travel or more than twothirds of a days labor of man and horse or not less than one dollar Hence the conclusion is that after thoroughly plowing the land before planting and possibly one deep cultivation at first plowingal though this is not manifest further deep cultivation is not only not advisable or profitable but involves an absolute loss CRUSHED COTTON SEED vs COTTON SEED MEAL AND HULLS Experiment No 8 The belief prevails to some extent among farmers that the oil of cotton seed contains valuable fertilizing properties and tbere 4716 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA fore the farmers cannot afford to exchange their cotton seed for cotton seed meal The idea seems to be based on the fact that the oiii nature of the kernels of cotton seed is a prominent and com monly observed characteristic and thus by association of ideas the fertilizing value of cotton seed has been thought to depend on tin oil contained in them It is manifestly the duty of Experimental Station workers to disabuse the minds of farmers of error as wall as to discover new truthto disprove as well as to prove In the effort to correct error it may sometimes result in convincing the experimenter that there is more or less of truth in the supposed error The experiment was undertaken with the sole purpose to find the truth A piece of second years new ground was selected Nine plots of three rows each four feet wide and 209 feet long were fer tilized and planted as indicated in Table VII Plots 0 and 9 were unfertilized Plots 1 3 5 and 7 were fertilized at the rate per acre of Superphosphate 286 pounds Muriate of potash 37 pounds Crushed cotton seed 381 pounds 704 pounds Plots 2 4 6 and 8 wrere fertilized at the rate per acre of Superphosphate 286 pounds Muriate of potash 37 pounds Cotton seed meal 143 pounds Cottonseed hulls 180 pounds 641 pounds The amounts of the different ingredients applied in the two series of plots were substantially the same except that the 60 pounds of oil that are found in 381 pounds of crushed seed are left out in the second series using the corresponding amounts of meal and hulls instead The experiment then amounts practically to a direct test of the value of cotton oil as a fertilizer If the oil has any fertiliz ing value the first series of plots should show a larger yield of corn than the second series 48MAY CROP REPORTIS 12 17 TABLE No VII EXPERIMENT 8 Crushed Cotton Seed is Cotton Seed Meal and Hulls Sec 9 Div B 18W FORMULAS DO a s a a o o o EG s oS I Oj CJ s0 a 1 o s o a 3 CO n o 2 1 o o O 3 0 o o O Corrected Yield Corn per AcreBushels Shelled C 1 2 8 4 5 6 y 8 o 115 70 64 38 57 51 51 76 102 192 59 68 153 179 290 281 280 291 296 294 301 291 138 1 286 37 286 37 286 37 286 37 286 37 286 37 286 37 2S6 37 381 i 143 180 c 381 4 143 180 381 143 ISO 7 381 8 143 180 Average of plots 1 3 5 Average of plots 2 4 6 s Average of unfertilized 2g 2 md 7 8 9 ilots 0 ai d9 15 8 Now examine the table plot by plot and then compare the average yield per acre of the plots on which the crushed seed were used with the average yield of those on which the meal and hulls the oil left outwere used It will be seen that the plots ma nured with crushed seed yielded an average of 292 bushels of corn per acrea difference in favor of the crushed seed containing all the oil of threetenths of a bushel Of course this difference is insignificantno more than might have been reasonably expected had the plots been manured exactly alike Even if admitted that the increase of threetenths of a bushel of corn 20 cents in value is to be credited to the manurial effect of the oil the gain of 20 cents worth of corn is made at the cost of 60 pounds of oil worth 8175 A TALK FOR FARMERS The Use of Fertilizers On the subject of fertilizers it may be remarked that the profit able use of fertilizers depends largely on the character and condi tion of the soil On a natttrally thin soil or on one that has been 2 49IS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA exhausted by a long course of cropping without corresponding fer tilizing a small application of a material containing only one of the three valuable elements nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash will often yield a considerable percentage of increase compared with the yield of the unaided soil This is almost invariably the east when nitrogen alone is present in the fertilizer generally the result when phosphoric add alone is present but much less often when potash alone is supplied This is equivalent to saying that our worn soil as well as those that are naturally thin and unpro ductive are most deficient in nitrogen next in phosphoric acid and lastly in potash The statement is general and without reference to particular crops which would furnish exceptions to its applica tion It follows logically that if a farmer proposes to make a light application of some simple ingredient he should choose something containing nitrogen For this purpose nothing is more suitable and generally convenient than cotton seed hick especially for a winter growing crop or for one that is to occupy the ground for several months as cotton or corn For quick growing crops such as very early vegetables melons etc nitrate of soda should form a part of the application because it is perfectly soluble and immediately available But if a more liberal application is to be made the fertilizer should contain a fair proportion of the next most important ele mentphosphoric acid On some soils and particularly for some cropsfor instance Irish or sweet potatoes oats barley melon grape vines and fruit treespotash will be required even when only light manuring is intended But when a further advance is made when it is intended to fertilize liberally it becomes impor tant to secure the best results that the fertilizer shall be what is called a complete one i e that it shall contain all three of the val uable elements The reason for this is obvious on a little reflection To illustrate The chemical composition of any given crop product is substan tially the same under all ordinary conditions A bushel of corn or wheat or oats or 100 pounds of seed cotton or a ton of hay of any particular grass always contains practically the same amounts of nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash besides several other in gredients For example take corn One bushel of shelled corn including the whole phowicacid 10indS plant contains Potash l5 Now suppose an acre of any giyen soil contains in available form Enough nitrogen to produce20 bushels of corn or 26 pounds Enough phosphoric acid to produce30 bushels of corn or 186 pounds Enough potash to produce50 bushels of corn or 77 pounds 50MAY CROP REPORT1892 10 under the most favorable circumstances without the addition of any fertilizer Such a soil would produce just 20 bushels of corn be cause it contains only enough nitrogen to compose 20 bushels It would be a waste to applymerely as plant foodany phosphoric acid or potash to such a soil unless nitrogen be also added Now suppose we add enough nitrogen to bring the yield up to 30 bushels It is manifest that this will be the limit of the increase that may be secured by adding nitrogen alone because the soil contains only enough phosphoric acid to compose the stalks and grain for a yield of 30 bushels We will now add enough nitrogen to increase the yield bushels and enough phosphoric acid to increase the yield 20 bushels The result will be a yield of 50 bushels Beyond this we cannot increase the yield by adding still more nitrogen and phos phoric acid because the soil contains only enough potash to com pose the stalks and grain involved in a yield of 50 bushels If we push the yield still further there must be still more nitrogen and phosphoric acid and an addition of potash As already intimated these are only general propositions hut they serve to illustrate a principle It is not possible to find out accurately the amount of nitrogen or phosphoric acid or potash power to produce corn that may be lying hidden in a soil It may be approximately ascertained by careful and repeated experiments which any intelligent farmer may perform for himself and on his own soil just as is being done at all the Experiment Stations in the country It was the special object of Experiments 1 and 2 reported in this bulletin LIGHT MANURING vs HEAVY MANURING A small amount of suitable fertilizer applied to a soil will yield a larger percentage of profit on the cost than a larger application This is a matter of common experience without inquiry as to the reason which is to be found in the fact 1 that a small dose is less apt to be badly balanced i e less likely to contain a wasteful ex cess of either one of the valuable elements and 2 because a larger proportion of the plant food contained in the smaller dose will be appropriated by the crop than of a larger dose A farmer may possibly secure an increased yield of a given crop amounting in value to twice the cost of the small amount of fertil izer applieda profit on the investment of 100 per cent if he doubles the amount of fertilizer applied the profit may not be more than 75 per cent on the cost if he quadruples the amount the profit may not be more than 50 per cent and lastly if he uses tin times as much per acre the profit may fall to 20 per cent Now which is the best investment Suppose he plants 100 acres on which he applies two dollars worth of fertilizer per acre and gets an increased yield of four dollars per acre This would amount to 5120 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 100 per cent profit on an investment of 200 But even at this rate he may do a losing business because the 8200 may not he enough to overcome the loss on the investment in land tools taxes labor and other expenses which remains practically the same as if he had used no fertilizer But suppose he quadruples the investment in fertilizers by applying eight dollars worth per acre or 800 in all Suppose he harvests an increased crop of 1200 according to the liberal descending rule assumed above This would be a profit of 400 or 50 per cent on an investment of 800 a gain of 200 com pared with the results of the first scheme Is it not clear that the largest investment with a small per cent profit is the wisest The same principle holds good whether commercial fertilizers or stable manures or pea vines be employed as the fertilizing element for each of these is in the nature of an investment each costing money or its equivalent in lolior The principle is founded on the fact that a naturally fertile il is the best paying element in a farmers whole investment and the next best is the fertilizers that are added to a soil to make it richer and more productive and this for the simple reason that the fertilizers when paid for if bought or made at home and applied to the soil becomes at once apart nf the soil and entails no further expense excepting the labor of har vesting and marketing the increased crop The yield is increased by increasing alone the investment that is most profitable The usual plan resorted to for the purpose of increasing a crop yield is to enlarge the area which increases the investment in land and involves an increase in the number of work animals and laborers which must be housed clothed and fed an increase in the number of tools which wear out etc There is another way in which the farmer may change the relation between his paying investments and his expensive investments without involving an increased outlay of fertilizers viz by reduc ing the area in cultivation and concentrating the fertilizers on the smaller area Ho then can reduce the number of his mules laborers tools And everything else whose number or quantity bears a cin stant proportion to area cultivated These principles form the basis oihigh farming or intensive farming so much talked and written about They are simplealmost self evidentand of universal application In their general adoption we must depend for success in farming In their application to all departments of agriculture we may hope for diversified and gen eral prosperityMAY CROP REPORT1892 21 FROM BULLETIN NO 16 FEBRUARY 1892 GENERAL FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT ON COTTON Experiment 14 The conclusions only are here given See Bulletin 14 Conclusions 1 That phosphoric acid is the most effective in increasing the yield of cotton on this soil 2 That potash was not required except when liberal amounts of phosphoric acid and nitrogen were used when one dose of potash was moderately effective The behavior of potash muriate is uncertain and even erratic as shown by the absence of uniform results where this element was used in increasing quantities It is not certain that on the whole potash increased the yield of cotton 3 Nitrogen is very effective when in medium quantities two doses in combination with three doses of phosphoric acid A larger proportion of nitrogen appears to be injurious 4 Cotton seed meal as a source of nitrogen is equally effective with nitrate of soda in the same combinations as plant food for cotton 5 the most effective combination of the three elements as a fer tilizer for cotton on the soil covered by this experiment is 2 doses of superphosphate 468 pounds containing 66 pounds phosphoric acid j 2 doses muriate of potash 78 pounds containing 39 pounds of potash 2 doses nitrate of soda 65 pounds containing 120 pounds of ni 1 trogen PRACTICAL APPLICATION This and other experiments reported in this bulletin sec Exper iment 22 prove that cotton may be profitably produced even at the present low prices 6J cent per pound by the judicious and liberal use of fertilizers on land that is in proper condition In this ex periment the cost of the increased yield of cotton due to the money paid for the fertilizers varied from 8J mills to 10 410 mills per pound of seed cotton or from 1 to 3i cents per pound of lint No account was taken of the small labor of hauling and distributing the fertilizers nor of the expense of harvesting the increased yield These may be easily estimated or they may be disregarded en tirely on the safe assumption that the unused residuum of fertil izers on the soil available for a succeeding crop would more than compensate the outlay for labor In a practical way the entire cost of the crop including interest on land taxes labor picking and ginning must be charged against 5322 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA thr value of the 1300 pounds of seed cotton per acre which would have been the product if no fertilizer had been used Butthis feature will be discussed in the practical application at the close of Experiment 22 which was on an adjoining section of land under identical conditions as to soil EXPERIMENT NO 16AIXTERCULTUBAL APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN This experiment is on the general line as the preceding No 16 but the intercultural applications were limited to nitrogen only in the forms of cotton seed meal and nilrati of soda The land covered by this experiment is the west half of the same section of which the east half was occupied by Experiment 16 immediately preceding and of the same general quality The land was laid off into 49 rows four feet wide and each row of every seven successive rows was differently fertilized Rows 1 S 15 22 2 36 and 43 were fertilized with the normal ration of the threeelements using cotton seed meal as the source of nitrogen and all applied before planting These constitute plot 1 in the table The successive adjacent rows 2 9 16 etc were fertilized in the same way using nitrate of soda as the source of nitrogen The third series rows 3 10 17 24 etc received the nitrogen in the form of cotton seed meal in two applicationsbefore planting and June 1st The fourth series grouped together as plot 4 received the nitrogen in the form of nitrati of soda in two applicationsbefore planting and hi lie 1st In the fifth series the cotton rl meal was divided into three applications and in the sixth series the nit rote of soda was di vided into three applicationsbefore planting June 1st and July 1st 54MAY CROP REPORT1 we TABLE No V EXPERIMENT No 16A Intercultural Application of Nitrogen W Half Sec 5 Div B 1F91 r 5 a rtilizers Howthe Fertilizers were Applied Total Cost of Fertilizers per Acre 350 Yield per Acre Pounds of Seed Cotton o c C 5 JB 1Q 35 S O S j cj O 6 0 s O 0 X o a e Z First Ticking Sept 21 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Second Picking Oct 8 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Third Picking Oct 30 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre V c rs H 10 1141 1112 1006 1189 1029 1074 i 9 o a 1 0 Q TJ S c a J 11 368 339 233 416 256 iOl c 5 CE C3 C QJ a 5 a yo S ao S CM 1 a 143 156 143 3 37 39 37 4 5 0 7 8 378 379 316 343 334 361 259 ia 1 i 143 71 71 65 32 33 21 2 22 All before planting All before planting June 1st Before planting 210 187 i I 201 183 544 546 519 599 494 530 418 736 678 466 136 39 832 143 37 47 48 48 Before planting 5 L2 156 39 Before planting 602 1 1 7 Not fertilized 7 iVbfes on Experiment 16A1 Compare the yield of plot 1 in which cotton seed meal supplies the nitrogen with that of plot 2 where nitrate of soda is substitutedall having been applied before planting The cotton seed meal produces 2iJ pounds more cotton per acre 2 Compare plot 3 cotton seed meal in two doses with plot 1 and also with plot 2 in which nitrate of soda is employed in two doses With cotton seed meal in two doses the yield is 133 pounds less than when all was applied at one time On the contrary nitrate of soda in two applications gives yields of 77 pounds more than when ap plied atone time and 183 pounds mure than where cotton seed meal was applied in two doses 3 Cotton seed meal in three applications gives an increase of 23 pounds over the yield in two applications but this may be attrib uted to some accidental and undiscovered cause 4 Nitrate of soda in three applications one as late as July 1st gives 115 pounds less than in two applications and45 pounds more than cotton seed meal in three applications Summary 1 Successive or intercultural applications of nitrogen in24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA the form of cotton seed meal are not profitable It is more effective when all is applied at or belore planting than when applied in two doses and less effective in three than in two 2 Nitrogen in the form of nitrate of soda may be profitably divid ed into not more than too application the second not tube later probably than June 1st It does not appear what would have been the result if onehalf the nitrate bad been applied July 1st instead of June 1st The average increased yield of all the fertilizer plots was 319 pounds the fertilizers cost 350 cost of the increased yield 11 cents per pound The best plot No 4 gave an increase of 416 pounds at a cost of 350 or 8 mills and 4 tenths per pound of seed cotton The poorest plot No 3 gave an increase of 233 pounds at the same cost 350 or one and a half cents per pound of seed cotton TOPPING OF COTTON Experiment No 17 One acre of second year fresh land was selected and divided into 52 rows all fertilized planted and cultivated identically livery fiftb row commencing with the first and ending with the fifty first adding the odd 52d row was left untopped On July lt Juiy1 5tJi ndTugust 15th each ten rows were topped as indi cated in fable VI each row topped at any one of the dates being separated five rows from the nearest row topped at the same date 56MAY CROP REPORT1892 25 TABLE No VI EXPERIMENT No 17 Topping Cotton Sect 8 Div B 1811J FERTILIZERS AC APPLIED PER RE 156 pounds 39 pounds 05 pounds 260 3 50 Yield per Acre in Pounds of Seed Cotton Superphosphate Muriate potash Nitrate of soda Cost First Picking Sept 8 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre ond Picking Sept 3 His Seed Cotton er Acre rd Picking Oct lbs Seed Cotton er Acre Fourth Picking Oct 27 lbs ced Cotton per Acre Fifth Picking Nov 25 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre 1is 5S5 i 3 When Topped X 3 H l 3 4 5 6 7 r l 6 n ici Not topped12 rows 21 20 31 36 41 46 51 52 1 106 331 521 307 188 1453 Topped Jlyl10 f 2 71217 J 22 27 32 37 42 47 J 84 343 399 280 208 1314 ToppedJly1510 f 3 8 13 181 23 28 33 38 I 43 48 J 86 400 4l7 223 130 1312 ToppedAugl10 f 4 9 14 191 24 29 34 39 I 44 40 J 83 338 549 296 146 1412 TopdAug 1510 f 5 10 15 201 25 30 35 40 45 50 J 71 394 565 316 182 1528 Note on Experiment 17The rows topped July 15th made the smallest yield Those topped July 1st come next in order Those topped July 1st made 2 pounds more Those topjed August 15th give still more The untopped come next And lastly the rows topped August 15th gave largest yield and the only series of topped rows whose yield exceeded the untopped Topping July 1st July loth and August 1st proved hurtful Conclusions 1 It is again praved as last year that topping cotton pro duces a material effect on the yield Both last year and this top ping from July 1st to July 15th injured the yield most Last year the rows not topped gave the largest yield this year those topped August 15th gave the largest 5726 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICELTEKEGEORGIA 2 Topping cotton is a hazardous experiment very uncertain The probable effect cannot he foreseen with sufficient certainty It is probable that many farmers have topped their cotton and be lieved the effect was beneficial when in fact careful competitive ex periment would have proven the contrary It is suggested that the conditions under which topping would be most likely to prove beneficial are when the coton plants will prob ably be largefour or live feet highand have good distance If crowded in the row topping tends to crowd the foliage still more by causing the branches to grow longer DEEP vs SHALLOW CULTURE OF COTTON Experiment No IS Last year this experiment resulted very favorably to the shallow culture theory This year less so and yet decisively considering the extra cost of deep culture In other words so far as this experi ment goes it proves that deep culture is not beneficial TABLE No VJT EXPERIMENT No is Deep vs Shallow Culture of nil 18 Rows S end of E acre Sect 5 Div B 1891 C 7 l z FERTILIZER PER ACRE Superphosphate 156 pounds Mur of Potash i pounds Nitrate of Soda 65 pounds 261 Cost 50 How Cultivated 1 o Yield Per Acre in Pounds of Seed Cotton 2 rt 3 0 to 3 c c jJ B b5 5 Deep Shallow Deep Shallow 1 eep Averages Shallow Culture Plots i eep Culture Plots Sh o 3 T I v CXI 3 2 o SC 123 3 cu J2 30 243 22 17 17 165 17 147 17 121 13 HI 21 117 17 137 4211 420 438 416 420 321 42 386 6 7 381 2S6 364 301 373 306 407 351 399 420 468 520 384 337 413 391 x t 1369 128 i 1299 1338 1377 1413 1348 1344 58MAY CROP REPORT1892 27 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DISTANCESCOTTON Experiment No 22 One acre of land was selected adjoining the two acres on which Experiment No 14 was projected which see The land was in oats well fertilized in 188990 follower by speckled peas sown broadcast and fertilized with 200 pounds superphosphate per acre the vines made into hay one to one and a half tons per acre ami the pea stubble and volunteer oats turned under January 5 with twohorse turnplow running about 4 deep It was immediately harrowed with cutaway harrow April 10 and 11 laid off into 52 rows 4 feet wide using a scooter plow and the following fertilizers were distributed in the furrows PEE ACRE Superphosphate312 pounds Muriate of potash 78 pounds Nitrate of soda130 pounds Total520 pounds Cost699 The fertilizers were mixed with the soil by running a square point scooter in the open furrows one time A flat bed was made over the fertilizer furrow throwing two furrows with a scooter and finishing with a turnplow The beds were harrowed off April 15 with smoothing harrow and then a hoard April 22 planted with seed of Truitts improved cot ton using a Dow Law Planter The weather was dry and other wise unfavorble for getting a good stand promptly May 21 har rowed the spaces between the rows going once to the row June 1 cultivated with Planet Jr cultivator two furrows June 4 chopped out with hand hoes as follows First four rows 1 foot Second four rows i feet Third tour rows 3 feet Fourth four rows4 feet and so on repeating the series three times making 48 rows and chopping the remaining 4 rows to 4x1 June 15 harrowed one time to each row June 18 cultivated with Planet Jr twice to each row June 15 put to final stand of one stalk in a place as chopped July 1 gave two furrows with Planet Jr very shallow using small sweeps July 13 once to the row with V sliaped harrow August 4 once to each row with Planet Jr cultivator A good stand was not secured until near the last of May on ac count of dry weather from planting time until May 21 Table IX gives the results Column 2 gives the distance between the plants that was in tended and immediately beneath the number of stalks required for a perfect stand at the distance given Column 3 gives the num 592S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA ber actual count of plants that were maintained Column 12 shows the percentage of a perfect stand The remaining columns explain themselves 6 p panTBniBW puBjg l J03JiaT B JO Soiqnl f c 2J x A aouoQ paag sq 71 1 LO ICO 0 IVcri in Pounds of Seed Cotton per Acre aaoy iid uojjof paag sqi ppia mox e tf 0 IO so DC 911 y I9d UOJ joq pgag sqi g jaq iuao9j Snjjjojj qrxig aa y jad noj jo paag sqi f aaq tnaAojj BaiifDij qjjrj CC M M 0C N r 9JDy 191 UOJ J03 paag sqi 91 iaq oji rni9ici qjmotj i it f t r ajoy iad uojjok paag sqi j aaqojoo Satspij pjiqx c 3 1 GC aiiy jad 1101J03 paag sq jaqtnaj dag Suisjoij puooag 0 r ajov iad uoj J03 paag sq s 1 q tnajdag Hutjjotj jsji s 1 i fliiy iad pauiBunv Hjuiid 1 raqnmj puny 1 m iod ptrejg jwjiaj ioj paambajj sjnBjj jo jaqumjj piIB SJOBU UD9A 1mjSI l x 5 h J83J f JO SJO ssiia aptM ii savojj jiioj j inoj Siuuibjuoq liv N1I1 JO ONJ M n 60MAY CROP REPORT1892 20 Notes on Experiment 22 1 The 4x1 plots give greatly the largest yield at the first picking September 8 and considerably the largest at the second picking September 22 At the third picking Octo ber 1 the 4x2 plots yield the greatest amount followed in order by 4x1 4x3 and 4x4 plots At the fourth picking October 16 the 4x3 plots are in the lead followed in order by 4x2 and 4x4 tied and 4x1 At the fifth picking November 4 the order of second picking is exactly reversed the 4x4 plots leading in yield followed by the other plots in the order of decreasing distances At the sixth pick ing the 4x3 plots are in the lead followed by 4x4 4x2 and 4x1 2 In the total yield the 4x2 plots stand highest followed closely by the 4x3 and 4x1 The contest was close and interesting from beginning to end 3 The yield was large considering the small amount of fertili zers and the rather unfavorable conditions for the best results If the cotton had been planted earlier or had the weather been more favorable to securing an earlier stand the result might have been quite different Series 1 4x1 and series 2 4x2 would not prob ably have yielded much if any more but series 3 4x3 and series 4 4x4 would cortainly have given much greater results Conclusions1 That on land capable of making between one and one and a half bales of cotton per acre the plants should not be closer than 4x2 feet nor wider probably than 4x3 feet 2 That the greater the distance given the more important it is to secure an early stand thin out early and give rapid cultiva tion 3 Close planting gives a larger yield in the early fall or at the first and second pickings The 4x1 series in this experiment was 161 pounds ahead of the 4x2 series at the close of the fourth picking October 16 This is because each plant when planted close will make nearly if not quite as many blooms in the first few weeks of blooming as each plant in widely planted rows Be tween the date of the first and second pickings a period of twelve days one pound of cotton was yielded by every 15 plants of the 4x1 series while in the 4x2 series 12 plants were required to yield one pound When it is considered that there were only 5005 plants to the acre in the 4x2 series against 9250 plants in the 4x1 series the explanation of the greater yield of the 4x1 series at the second picking is plain At the fifth picking November 4 43 plants in the 4x1 series yielded one pound while in the 4x2 series 13 plants only yielded one pound Practical Application It has been noted in experiment 14 on adjoining land of simi lar quality and condition that the largest yield resulted from the use of 46S pounds of superphosphate 78 pounds of muriate of potash nnd 130 pounds of nitrate of soda costing 822 the yield reaching 2261 pounds of seed cotton In the same experiment where 312 pounds of superphosphate were used the other ingredients re 0130 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA maining the same the yield was 1790 pounds or less by 471 pounds Is it not fair to conclude that if in experiment 22 the plants had been spaced 3x2 and superphosphate increased to 468 pounds instead of 312 pounds the yield would have risen to 2027 plus 471 pounds equal to 2498 pounds It would seem a reasonable de duction If so then it follows that there was a loss of 471 pounds of cotton worth say 942 as a result of a failure to space the plants correctly and properly balance the ingredients of the fertili zer which would have cost only 8122 more In other words there has been 122 saved in the fertilizer and 942 Iqst in the value of the cotton As it was the increased yield of cotton as suming that if unfertilized the land would have yielded 1400 pounds or 100 pounds more than the adjoining unfertilized plots of Experiment 14 was 552 pounds at a cost for fertilizers of 699 or 126 per hundred pounds of seed cotton or about 3f cents per pound of lint Had it been differently fertilized and spaced as just suggested the increase might reasonably have been 1098 pounds at a cost of 8 22 or 75 cents per hundred pounds of seed cotton or about 2 cents per pound of lint It should be said by way of caution that the results obtained md the much higher results suggested should not lead farmers to adopt the practice of indiscriminate high manuring on soils that have been exhausted or greatly run down by long continued crop ping in cotton and corn without the intervention of a restoring crop or the liberal use of stable manure It is quite certain that the yields reported in the result of experiments 14 and 22 were only made possible by the previous growth of oats and field peas In 1889 the land was capable of producing not exceeding 18 bushels of corn with a liberal application of fertilizers In 1889 and L890 a crop of oats and peas was made the oats harvested the pea vines converted into hay the aggregate value of which was greatly in excess of the value of labor and fertilizers invested to produce these two crops The resulting benefit to the land is shown by the yield of the unfertilized plots in 1891 the year under discus sion showing that without further aid it had been brought up to i capacity to produce 1300 pounds It has been shown that if the cotton in these three acres had been fertilized with the proper formula at a cost of 822 per acre the yield would have risen to 2300 or 2400 pounds an increase of nearly if not quite 1000 pounds of seed cotton which would therefore have cost less than 2 cents per pound of lint It would not be a difficult matter to count in all the expenses of making the crop on the land ccvered by Experiment No 22 The items have all been given in the account of the preparation and culture and every farmer can fix the cost of each item according to his own judgment and experience Mr Kimbrough the agricultur ist estimates the aggregate cost of plowing harrowing hoeing 62MAY CROP REPORT1892 31 picking and fertilizersnothing being allowed for interest on the land or superintendenceat an amount which would make the cost of the cotton 3i cents per pound of lint The most important and practical moral that may be drawn from the two experiments 14 and 22 is that pea vines furnish the most reliable and by far the cheapest means of restoring our worn soils and of advancing them to a much higher productiveness than they possessed when in the virgin condition But pea vines will not grow luxuriantly on a poor unfertilized soil Therefore the true policy of our Southern farmers should be to plant peas and other leguminous crops such as clover peanuts burr clover vetches etc fertilizing with phosphates and potash convert the product of these into pork beef butter and milk mutton return the manure to the land Then plant in cotton or corn or small grain using the stable manure obtained as above supplemented by a judicious application of commercial fertilizers The highest condition into which a soil may be brought by ren ovating crops stable manure the more certainly and profitably will it respond to large doses of fertilizers EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF FERTILIZERS APPLIED TO COTTON Experiment No 24 This experiment was performed on one acre of land of very un even and varying quality Hence it was thought best to consti tute every row into a plot and thereby repeat the series as often as possible The acre contained 52 four feet rows The 1st 8th 15th 22d 29th 36th 42d 40th rows were unfertilized The 2d 9th 16th 23d 30th 37th and 44th100 pounds The 3d 10th 17th 24th 31st 38th and 45th200 pounds and so on increasing the amount by 100 pounds until 600 pounds per acre were applied in the seventh series Table No IX sets forth the results in great detail 63TABLE No X m EXPERIMENT No 24 Effect of Different and Increasing Amounts of Fertilizers in Cotton from LOO Pounds to OIK Pounds Per Acre Sect 11 Div A 1811 Series of Rows Each 209 feet long FORMULA Superphosphate 60 lbs Muriate Potash 15 lbs Nitrate of Soda 25 lbs Total 100 r 05 ai a o QC O O t 135 270 405 541 675 810 CO Cl 05 u c 1 r n o 3 8 fico E E 37 104 163 238 223 238 245 05 05 II o og I1 05 rCC 05 do 5 111 215 275 306 318 373 414 1 Third Picking November 2 lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Fourth Picking December 4 I lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Total Yield lbs Seed Cotton per Acre Increase over Unfertilized Series lbs per Acre Percentage of Increase 1 Value of the Increase at 2 cents per lb Seed Cotton rcentage of Profit in Cost ot Fertilizer Pounds Per Acre Ph 1 3 9 lO 11 1 13 137 227 280 289 294 334 369 12i 240 198 197 20 1 232 251 406 786 916 II130 1037 1177 1279 1 i 3 4 ff 7 unienuieu 100 200 00 400 500 600 380 510 624 631 771 873 936 1256 1537 1554 1900 2150 7 60 10 20 12 48 12 62 15 42 17 Hi 463 278 208 134 128 115 ia 3 H O o 2 Q Cj 5 I 5 Pi oMAY CROP REPORT1892 33 Notes on Experiment 241 Columns 8 and 9 exhibit the more or less regular scale of increased yield corresponding with a lesser ratio to the increasing amounts of the fertilizers The same feature is illustrated in column 10 in percentages and again in column 11 in the form of values of the increase The numbers in columns 9 10 and 11 increase in the same ratio but the ratio is not as great as the ratio of increase in the fertilizers applied 2 Column 12 shows the percentage of profit a constantly de creasing series Column 13 presents a corresponding increasing se ries showing how the cost of the increased yields rises with the increase 3 It would be unwise to conclude that it is not judicious to increase the amount of fertilizers because such increase results in a constantly decreasing percentage of profit or inversely in a con stantly increasing cost of the cotton If the increase in the amounts of fertilizers should be continued indefinitely it would certainly reach a point at which it would not be profitable In the second series the profit on the cost of fertilizers is 463 per cent in the seventh series it has fallen to 115 Suppose the series continued to series 12 with 1100 pounds per acre It is probable that the percentage of profit would have descended to a corresponding figure463 115 115 29 nearly and the cost of the cotton per pound calculated in like manner would possibly have advanced to 6 cents per pound of lint Even at this rate the residuum of fertilizers in the soil would make a large crop of small grain without additional iertilizers But it would be well to stop short of such an amount unless the soil be first gotten into a correspondingly higher condition by pre vious treatment 4 The most practical view of it is this The greater the amount of fertilizers applied the greater the investment upon which the percentage of profit is to be calculated For instance in series 2 the profit in the investment is 463 per cent but the in vestment is only 135 while in series 7 the percentage of profit on the investment descends to 115 per cent but the investment has increased to 810 Now 463 per cent of 135 is 625 while 115 per cent of 810 is 9 31 a gain of 306 besides leaving the land in much better condition for the succeeding crop Conclusions1 Successively increasing amounts of fertilizers do not result in the same ratio of increasing yields of cotton It follows that the larger the amount of fertilizers the greater will be the resulting cost of the increase per pound while at the same time there will be felt in the soil a correspondingly larger amount of fertilizer for the use of the succeeding crop 2 The liberal use of judiciously compounded fertilizers affords a larger investment upon which the percentage of profit is to be based and is therefore advisable 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA from bulletin xo 17 SWEET POTATO CULTURE PLANTING AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES The land on which this experiment as all the others with the exception of the fertilizer test was conducted was the same as last year a chocolate clay loam with clay subsoil and of great uni formity all the experiments were repeated on the same plots the cultivation and the fertilizer being the same as last season The rows were all acre long feet apart the distance of plants 2 feet Three alternate rows were planted at every different distance and the average result given in Table No 6 TABLE No VI Distance of Planting Southern Queen Georgia Yam DISTANCE Yield of Half Acre Row Yield of Half Acre Row lalculated TotalYield per Acre Yield of Half Acre Row Yield of Half Acre Row Calculated Total Yi Id per Acre Large Small Large Small lix3ifeet 2 xU feet 2Jx3A feet 3 xU feet 2 plants ir 1 hill lbs 10025 127 1118 9475 lbs 2075 205 211 1825 bus 264 31 L6 290 2465 lbs 109 10825 107 802 lbs 975 17 162 164 bus 259 27 i 2689 210 The result confirms the conclusions of last year as stated in Bul letin No 11 that by giving proper distance to the plants increas ing thereby the means of perfect development not only larger yields can be obtained but also the cost of cultivation reduced The distance of 2x3 feet indicated the largest yield closely fol lowed by 2x3 feet while at H feet distance in the row the plants are too close and at 3 feet even with two plants in the hill too far apart HILL 118 FLAT CULTURE Our practice of cultivating our potato field almost level has often been criticized the common practice being hill culture To verify our position the experiment as explained in Table No 7 was un dertaken 3 different varieties were selected thus repeating the test three times Each plot consisted of three rows each halt acre long the observations being made on the middle row The result confirms our position in all the plots but one the 66MAY CROP REPORT1S92 35 yield clearly indicates the advantage of flat culture while in the other case the increase gained by hill culture is very small the re sult might have been changed under different meteorological con ditions in a very wet season hilling up might be preferable but we are seldom blessed with sufficient rain while drought is of a more frequent occurrence TABLE No VII Hill vs Flat Culture NAME OE VARIETY Flat Culture Yild prJ Acre Row a o 3T3 5 03 Hill Culture Yild prl Acre Row 60 lbs j lbs lbs Southern Queen 104 160 1206 Georgia Yam 43 158 1101 Pumpkin Yam 131 I i0 151 a o H bus lbs 263 955 240 85 3294 1343 lbs 143 166 187 lbs 1098 1016 152 5 h S O bus 2395 2035 3338 SMALL vs LARGE SEED POTATOES The object of the experiment is to inquire into the value of se lecting large tubers instead of small ones for seed Large tubers of 3 different varieties were placed in the seed bed at the same time as the bed with small tubers was prepared The plants were setout in the field the same day and under the same conditions in regard to fertilizers and cultivation Table No 8 explains the result the variations in yield of the different plots are so small that no preference is indicated in re gard to large or small tubers for seed The economic relation to this question is worthy of considera tion The same quantity of large tubers produce far less plants than small ones It would require a much larger quantity of edi ble tubers to obtain a sufficient number of plants for a given area the value of the large tubers being at the same time greater and the cost of production therefor increased by the use of large tubers for seed TABLE No VIII Small vs Large Seed Potatoes Lar Yield j ge Seed Potatoes Small Seed Potatoes NAME OF VARIETY r 1 A ere Row Calculated Yield per Acre Yield pr AereRow 03 g go 03 s a 1 o x H 03 ol a 3T3 Southern Queen lbs 10715 848 122 lbs 159 165 192 lbs 123 1013 1412 bus 68 4 lbs 1043 90 1205 lbs 165 1475 1825 lbs 1208 104 75 13875 bus 2635 2285 302 221 308 36 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA POTASH EXPERIMENTS ON SWEET POTATOES The result of this experiment coincides with that of last year The yield was not as large as the previous season on account of the severe drought in September and October but the general results are similar we are not nearer to the solution of the question in which form should the potash be applied to sweet potatoes In normal rations the greatest yield was obtained by the use of muriate of potash but in all cases the difference was so small that we might assume that either form was equally effective In regard to the amountof potash the indication points in the same direction as last season that normal rations as in plots 2 and 6 are the most effective and that double rations are less productive than either of the others FERTILIZER TEST OX SWEET POTATOES Bv comparing the different unfertilized plots we lind that the unaided capacity of the land was pretty uniform of the single fer tilizing ingredients kainit gave the largest increase in one variety nitrate of soda in the other Both varieties being planted side by side it would seem to warrant the conclusion that one variety would require different plant food than the other If we look at the result of the combination of the two in plot 17 we find an in crease of 44 bushels in one ease over the use of kainit alone while in the other we notice a decrease over the nitrate of soda plot but an increase of 13 bushels of the kainit plot Again if we substitute superphosphate in place of kainit as in plot 12 we decrease the yield in one case while in the other we find an increase of 18 bushels One would indicate that one variety required more nitrogen while the other needed more potash Tie best effect was secured by the application of the three combined which was still increased by the use of double ration of nitrogen in combination with the other elements but decreased by the applica tion of double ration of superphosphate If we compare plots and 21 in which different amounts of fertilizers are applied we find a considerable increase caused by the increased amount of fer tilizer The effect of the different forms of nitrogen as nitrate of soda ami cotton seed meal is very marked in favor of nitrate of soda In this form the nitrogen is immediately available and as especially in sweet potatoes the more rapid the plants develop in strength and vigor the greater the prospect of favorable returns the use of nitro gen in the form of nitrate of soda seems to be preferable The effect of the different fertilizer on the two varieties of pota toes is very marked More so if we compare the respective yields with those in Experiment No 9 In this case the soil beingofa different nature and in a higher state of fertility the yield of the 68MAY CROP REPORT1892 37 two varieties was about the same which would lead us to the con clusion that the pumpkin yam potato requires better land or higher fertilization or perhaps different combination to be equally as productive as the Southern Queen variety TABLE No XI Variety Test of Sweet Potatoes NAME OF VARIETY Yield per Row Half Acre Long Large lbs limits Red 736 Boones White 665 Boones Red 602 Bermuda Sweet 118 Red Jersey 708 Pumpkin Yam 1435 Georgia Yam 869 Early Jersey i 788 Southern Queen 12il Small lbs 18 96 128 li 20 is 8 204 24 177 Total lbs 916 761 73 1293 90 16i 107 103 143 Calculated Yield per Acre 1ms 1998 166 160 282 198 354 2341 225 3137 FERTILIZER TEST ON TOMATOES Summary1 The application of nitrogen or potash alone did not increase the yield on poor land 2 The effect of nitrogen depends upon the presence of the min eral elements phosphoric acid and potash 3 The increase in yield is greater the larger the amount of fertilizer used 4 That only a complete fertilizer gave profitable returns 5 It is preferable to use nitrate of soda in two applications while all the cotton seed meal should be applied to the land at the time of distributing the other fertilizing materials 6 Fertilizers containing nitrogen in different forms gave more profitable returns 7 Phosphoric acid double rations not only decidedly increas ed the yield but also earliness 8 Larger rations of nitrogen especially in the form of cotton seed meal prolonged the time of bearing FORAGE PLANTS The experiments with forage plants on account of their far reaching importance in economic and successful agriculture have been continued and considerably enlarged The experiments withsorghum have been repeated and new va rieties added 6938 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Fertilizer experiments with cow peas have been repeated in re gard to yield of peas as also in regard to the yield of vines with the object in view of obtaining the best and cheapest fertilizer for cow peas as the means of improving our wornout and impoverished soils The question bow to restore such wornout land to its original physical condition how to accumulate and maintain a store of available plant food at the lowest possible outlay has been upper most in the exertion of every cultivator of the soil If we would analyze such soils we would find that to a depth of 6 to 12 inches very little fertilizing material can be discovered neither minerals nor humus or nitrogenous matter while in the un derlying strata the subsoil we find a store to more or less extent of potash and phosphoric acid but out of reach of many ot oureulti vated plants Such soils are therefore pratically deficient of all the elements of plant food From experience we have learned that on poor soils heavy appli cations of commercial fertilizer do not paythat poor wornout soils cannot be enriched by their liberal use neither can they be much benefited by abandoning them to a season of rest andthe tender care of grass and weeds as practiced to a great extent The benefit of such practice is meager while preferable to clean culture In improving the soil our aim must be to utilize the store of plant food contained in the subsoil to increase the store of plant food partly by commercial fertilizers partly by natural agencies and to restore the land to its original physical condition by the ad dition of humusthat is to feed the land to grow with the addi tion of cheap commercial fertilizers such crops as will permanently add to the store of plant food in the soil and which will enable us to sustain and feed more stock and as a natural consequence in crease the supply of homemade manure The value of leguminous plants for this purpose isfully estab lished Their capacity for assimilating and gathering nitrogen by atmos pheric agencies their deeply penetrating roots drawing part of their food supply from the subsoil out of reach of the roots of most of our cultivated plants making them the most valuable adjunct in do mestic economy Amongst those plants the cow pea is the most valuable in our Southern States Its extensive deep penetrating root system in creasing its power of foraging in regions closed to plants of shallow growing roots makes them adapted to our hot ami dry climate and our poor exhausted soil where unaided by fertilizers no crop can economically be produced It makes a rapid growth and as food for stock it is highly valua ble on account of the large amount of protein which serves to form the flesh and blood and muscle Its peculiar power of gathering atmospheric nitrogen makes it so 70MAY CROP REPORT1892 39 much more valuable as nitrogen is the most expensive element in commercial fertilizers Those special capacities of the cow pea indicate it as the funda ment from which to begin the restoration to fertility of our impov erished soil by either growing them for the purpose of green man uring or for the purpose of making food for our farm animals To increase the growth of peas on poor land and thereby more rapidly reclaim it the aid of fertilizers is necessary To study the effect of the different fertilizers has been the object of the experi ment FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT WITH COW PEAS The field selected for this experiment appeared to be of very uni form character of red clay and clay subsoil The land was well pre pared by plowing and harrowing and divided into 20 plots each lOi feet wide by 104i feet A acre long containing 140of an acre each plot contained 3 rows 3i feet apart of which the middle row was used for observation At the time of cutting the vines the plots were equal ly divided in length onehalf for the purpose of weighing the vines the other half for the purpose of ascertaining the yield of peas The vines were cut August 25th at the usual stage for forage The fertilizer as per Table No 13 was applied in the furrows and thor oughly mixed with the soil with a Planet Jr cultivator Six peas the speckled variety were planted in the furrow one foot apart and covered lightly with the cultivator After the plants were well established thev were counted in every middle row oi the plots and reduced to a uniform stand in every plot They were hoed once and plowed three times with cultivator Observations were frequently made and the indications fully substantiated by the result 7149 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No XIII Fertilizer Test in Cow Peas Yield of Forage Green o 1 a a 4 1 s r s lO II 13 13 14 15 i 17 18 1 SO FERTILIZER Superphosphate Superphosphate Muriate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit Kainit Nitrate of Soda Nitrate of Soda Unfertilized f Superphosphate I Muriate of Potash Superphosphate I Muriate of Potash Superphosphate Kainit Superphosphate Kainit D fcT i m h o 0 T3 Ph T c 73 r 3 3 D o w c a per nds Ph CD 3J o o 25 dMH O Ph o K1 6 B 1 o w T3 03 a Ph j 100 80 80 40 160 80 80 40 f Superphosphate IN Nitrate of Soda jMuriate of Potash Nitrate of Soda I Muriate of Potash I Nitrate of Soda Superphosphate Muriate of Potash Nitrate of Soda Superphosphate Muriate of Potash Nitrate of Soda Unfertilized 160 80 80 40 160 160 80 80 Superphosphate 160 I Nitrate of Soda 80 80 40 80 80 40 40 160 80 80 80 40 40 25 62 72 86 24 64 74 87 2 97 1 48 49 1 25 99 1 50 3 46 1 73 4 71 36 3875 36 2725 31 3225 37 31 3075 29 44 36 46 35 75 46 422 28 3325 4625 4050 23 9300 8640 6540 7440 7740 8880 7440 7380 5960 10560 8640 11040 8580 11040 10140 6720 7980 11100 H720 5520 3340 2680 580 1480 1780 2920 1480 1420 4600 2680 5080 2620 5080 4180 760 2020 5140 3760 72MAY CROP REPORT1892 TABLE No 14 Yield of Peas 41 Ji Yield per Plot o Calculated Yield per o o 1st Picking 2d Picking 3d Picking Total Acre Bushels fc 1 380 068 028 476 142 3 370 040 410 123 3 L93 030 006 229 88 4 205 030 006 241 78 s 1 32 052 006 190 57 0 140 057 001 198 59 r 192 100 003 295 88 S 195 068 010 273 8 ft 121 077 198 59 SO 436 037 47 142 11 348 067 003 418 125 12 311 130 006 447 134 13 291 147 002 440 132 14 270 161 005 436 13 IS 206 202 013 421 126 143 162 008 313 94 r 130 182 009 321 96 is 322 147 009 478 143 i 267 169 015 451 135 so 092 103 024 219 65 The results of this experiment are highly interesting They seem to confirm the statement that the cow peas like other legu minous plants have the power to gather and assimilate nitrogen from other sources than the fertilizer applied as indicated by the comparison of increase in yield by the aid of mixed minerals and a complete fertilizer Phosphoric acid in all cases increased the yield in proportion to the amount applied while potash alone was more efficient in smaller rations In regard to the different potash salts kainit gave better results than muriate of potash either alone or in combina tion with superphosphate The economic results are expressed in the table in giving the cost of increase over the unfertilized plot Plot 1 160 pounds super phospate at a cost of 125 gave an increase of 3340 pounds while superphosphate and kainit plot 12 at a cost of 249 increased the yield 5080 pounds Plot 19 at a cost 471 5140 pounds While plot 1 gave the largest increase for the money expended in fertilizer there can be no question in regard to the more ad vantageous result of plot 12 The larger the yield of vines we remove from our soil the larger 7342 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA the amount of roots and stubble left therein or the larger the crop we turn under the nearer we come to return our land to a condi tion of greater fertility The yield of peas corresponds generally with the above experi mentsthe larger the yield of vines the larger the yield of peas The effect of phosphoric acid is evidenced in every plot where superphosphate alone or with other fertilizing material has been appliedthe largest per cent of peas being obtained at the first picking wherever superphosphates formed the basis of the fertiliz ing ingredients while nitrate of soda retards the ripening Conclusions1 It is manifest from the result of the experiment that cow peas readily respond to the application of superphosphate either alone or in combination as also the larger the amount of superphosphate applied the greater the yield in vines as in peas i That larger rations of potash alone proved less valuable than smaller ones 3 The practical bearing of the division of plants into nitrogen gatherers and nitrogen consumers of so much importance to the cultivator finds a practical illustration in this experiment It illustrates that cow peas gather their nitrogen from other sources than the fertilizer applied 4 That mixed minerals superphosphates and potash gave the most economic results 5 That kainit as a source of potash produced better effect than muriate of potash SORGHUMS The general character of the experiment was the same as the previous year with the addition of a few new varieties The soil was a red clay loam with clay subsoil planted in sweet potatoes the year previous and of pretty uniform fertility The land was well prepared ami laid oil in rows four feet apart in which the fertilizer consisting at the rate per acre of 320pounds superphosphate Kid pounds of muriate of potash and 360 pounds cotton seed meal was applied and thoroughly mixed with the soil After being bedded with shovel plow and levelled with a hoard the seed of the different varieties were planted one foot apart April 10th After the plants were well established they were reduced to a uniform stand of three plants to a hill The distance of teosinte was four feet in the drill while pearl millet seed was drilled in a small furrow and lightly covered The rows were onehalf acre long each divided into four plots of equal size the first plot to illustrate the yield of the different cuttings the second to ascertain the yield if cut when in bloom and the yield of a second cutting the third the amount of forage when cut when the seed is in dough and the fourth plot to obtain the amount of seed produced The last plot proved unsuccessful as droves of English sparrows destroyed the seed as soon as it passed the doughy state 74MAY CROP REPORT1892 43 The results confirm the great value of this class of forage plants their great yield their adaptability to our hot and dry climate their highly nourishing properties the preference of all our farm stock either in the green or dry state suggest it as the future staple food for farm animals In the dairy operations for soiling in the absence of suitable pastures which is often the case in our Southern States during the hot dry summers there is no green forage which can equal or sur pass its value in the production of milk Table No 15 gives the yield of each cutting as also the total yield of three cuttings per acre in the green state and dry The first and second cuttings were made before the flower stalk appeared At the last cutting the plants were somewhat further advanced Table No 16 indicates the yield of two cuttings the first one made at the flowering state at the second cutting the plants were more or less advanced also the yield if cut in dough a second one was obtained after the harvest but for reasons the weighing was omitted To compare the yield of sorghum with that of corn forage two varieties of corn were planted in adjoining plots the yield of which is illustrated in table No 17 TABLE No XV Varieties of Sorghum Etc Yield per Acre of Different Cuttings Links Hybrid Colenian Cane Folgers Early Early Orange White Millo Maize Yellow Millo Maize Mam Sorghum Kaffir Corn Jerusalem Corn Early Amber Teosinte Pearl Millet 1st Cutting 2d Cutting Green Dry iGreen Dry Green Dry Green d Cutting Total of 3 Cuttings 22464 16536 19760 18720 IS LS 17277 19552 11648 11005 15308 24336 12004 2579 1913 2392 2080 2204 2080 2163 1664 1872 1996 3182 2163 13728 9256 10504 14352 16640 12688 11856 9984 8736 11440 14560 28880 1996 1580 1788 2038 2704 1996 1996 1560 1664 1872 2080 3910 8320 11232 7072 8944 Hi 221 16640 15704 10400 7488 12584 1664 1747 1289 lli4 2579 2662 2 i l7n 1381 1788 17472 2995 44512 37n24 73I 42016 117 12 46605 47112 32032 272211 39322 38896 52416 Dry 6239 5440 5461 5782 7487 0738 6530 4 12 I 1867 5656 5262 9068 7544 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No XVI Varieties af Sorghum Cut in Bloom and in Dough Yield per Acre In Bloom VARIETY First Cutting Second Cutting Total 2 Cuttigs In Dough Green Dry Green Green Green Dry Links Hybrid Colenian Cane Folgers Early Earlv Orange White Millo Maize Yellow Millo Maize Mammoth Sorghum Kaffir Corn Jerusalem Corn Early Amber 24960 23296 25168 2Siisi I 27040 17680 28168 17sss 13416 24960 8320 8112 9235 0816 9568 6240 9815 1240 4576 9001 11648 8420 9256 12480 14872 11024 13728 0084 7696 13524 30608 31716 34424 40560 41012 28704 41800 27872 21112 38484 25000 25296 24544 29120 28120 18720 20040 18432 12480 25812 9152 8930 10400 12480 10816 7488 12008 7372 4992 10102 TABLE XVIII Yield of Forage and Seed of Cow Peas Soja Beans Varieties of Corn and Peanut Vines Forage per Plot Forage per Acre Green Dry Green Dry Seed per Plot Seed per Acre lbs i lbs I lbs Soja Bean 3475 1050 9730 Speckled Cow Pea 4650 935 13020 Wayman Cora 8800 2540 23240 Blunts Prolific Corn 7500 2400 21000 Brazilian Flour Corn 7250 2175 20300 Pop Corn 6950 2150 10400 Peanuts 2550 825 7140 lbs 2040 2018 7112 0720 6000 0020 2330 lbs 467 300 1905 1010 1887 lbs 1307 840 2007 2254 2361 TABLE No XIX imposition of Cow Peas Soja Beans and Corn Cow Peas Soja Beans Corn 1284 170 2104 516 5537 293 127 832 2048 3524 484 2586 526 121 1015 Crude Fat 493 986 211 Ash 7133 162 185 70 MAY CROP REPORT1892 45 TABLE No XX Composition of Cow Pea Vines Soja Bean Vines Corn Forage and Peanut Vines Cured Cow Pea Vines Soja Bean Vines Corn Forage Peanut Vines 890 364 1609 2314 4176 647 132 12 300 1490 2484 3889 634 131 5200 413 1245 2890 255 17 Dry matter Crude Fat 630 1269 475 4636 Ash 996 14 TABLE No XXL Yield of Crude Nutrients of One Acre of Crude Fat Crude Protein Crude Fibre Nitrogenfree extract Ash Cow Pea Vines Cured Soja Bean Vines Cured Corn Forage Cured Peanut Vines Cured 9529 42123 60580 109350 16938 8820 43806 73029 114336 18639 28022 83664 193536 17300 99 19961 38931 72629 15667 TABLE No XXII Yield of Crude Nutrients of One Acre of Cow Peas Soja Beans Corn 1478 18429 4334 46410 2461 26776 46058 0325 33799 6874 13148 26296 5627 190127 4321 The results evidence the exceptionally high value of the Soja beans as a feeding stuff far greater than that of corn or cow peas the superiority of the vines for forage which in composition are equal to the cow peas and greatly surpass the corn forage The following experiments have been omitted being more or less out of season at this date Bulletin 15Experiment No 1Special Nitrogen Experiment on Corn No 7 Variety Test of Corn No 9 Composting in the Heap vs 77ii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA omposting in the Furrow Article IISmall Fruits by G Speth Hor ticulturist illustrated Bulletin 16Experiment No 15Special Nitrogen Experiment on Cotton No Klntereultural Fertilizing Cotton No 19 Variety Tests of Cotton Bullet 17Irish Potato Experiments Potash Experiments on Sweet Potatoes Variety Test of Tomatoes etcGeo W Harrison State PrinterBulletin No 22 Third Series SEASON 189192 Commercial Fertilizers AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted for Sale in the State of Georgia up to April 28th 1892 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Hon R T NESBITT Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Georgia Dr GEORGE F PAYNE State Chemist ATLANTA GEORGIA Geo W Habrison State Printer Franklin Publishing HouseVALUATIONS For available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash for Season of 189192 Available phosphoric acid 4 cents a pound Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 12 cents a pound Potash 4 cents a pound If calculated by units Available phosphoric acid 80 cents per unit Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 2 40 cents per unit Potash 80 cents per unit The relative commercial valuation which is given each fertilizer is calculated from the above figures with an addition to each of 200 per ton to cover in spection sacks mixing and handling To calculate the commercial value of a ton of a given fertilizer bear in mind that a ton weighs 2000 pounds and one per cent of this is twenty pounds If a goods contain one per cent of available phosphoric acid this will be twenty pounds of available phosphoric acid in a ton Twenty pounds of available phosphoric acid at four cents a pounds will be eighty cents for each per cent contained in a ton or eighty cents per unit as it is generally designated am monia being twelve cents a pound each one per cent or twenty pounds in a ton will be worth 240 As potash is the same value as available phosphoric acid each per cent in a ton will be worth eight cents To illustrate this take a sample containing Available phosphoric acid1010 multiply by 80 8 08 Ammonia260 multiply by 240 6 24 Potash110 multiply by 80 88 Inspection sacks mixing and handling 2 60 Relative commercial value 17 jg These valuations were obtained by the most careful investigation and fairly represent the wholesale cash value of fertilizers in Georgia in those cities where the goods enter the State or where they are manufactured A great majority of the number of large manufacturers whose prices were used as a basis for these valuations offer their goods at Savannah for cash at figures which cor respond with these values Any one buying at a distance from Savannah should add the freight to that point to obtain its local wholesale cash value this subtracted from the price charged for the goods will give one a fair idea of what is charged as profit Goods are sold very close for cash but when sold on time dealers are compelled to charge full prices to cover interest cost of collection and bad debts It is impossible to fix exact values for an entire season upon mercantile goods subject to the fluctuations of the market hence these values while con sidered fairly aproximate are to be regarded rather as comparative and not as absolute Georgia is the largest consumer of commercial fertilizers of any State in the Union Thanks to our well devised fertilizer law she also secures them at lower prices that any other State Goods of identical composition and made in one instance of which we are aware in the same factory are sold in the New En gland States for 3000 per ton in Tennessee for 2600 per ton and in Georgia for 2200 per ton Dr Geo F Payne State Chemist 81TABLE No I ra Ammoniated Guanos Containing Two per Cent and Upward of Ammonia NAME OF BRAND Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ameiicus Guano 00 Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Astepoo Fertilizer Asley Complete Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bono Ammoniated Dissolved Bone A A Special Preparation Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone AmmoniatedBone Superphosphate Alliance Ammoniated Dissolved Bone A A Special Preparation n E lli E 110 D 106 D 106 C 107 2682 18 is 7 Phosphoric Acid a 090 30 H 111 2706 H 101 2715 C 102 B 14 C 108 C 8 D 139 2682 F 101 2657 E 133 2719 0 115 2040 A 101 A 10 990 1157 1157 1224 1099 1551 L352 1155 901 1087 1283 13 85 907 3 446 445 123 129 203 862 178 97 140 207 1 184 rjJ 564 564 759 7 781 7 068 783 859 018 662 781 739 811 M 246 215 1 100 255 2 246 103 206 16 266 191 2 09 268 809 809 919 919 1039 915 914 880 1003 964 918 975 948 107 220 220 202 202 247 266 200 210 261 240 205 220 212 159 159 254 251 287 150 176 200 219 205 211 15 220 125 OH 5 s 3 a 15 64 15 64 16 84 16 84 19 14 17 48 10 12 16 86 19 12 17 72 16 56 16 90 17 04 18 17 guaranteed Analysis Zi BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTURED Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Ainericus Guano Co Americu Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Rawls V Webb Cuthbert Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga TheZell Q ano Co Baltimore Md Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga G Ober Sons Co Bal imore Md o H g H ffi 2 5 n H d c to OAmericus Guano Atlanta Aminoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Aurora Ammoniated Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone x Ammoniated Guano CO Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Alliance Standard Alliance Complete Alliance Complete Ammoniate I Bone Superphosphate Brannans Choice Animal Bone Fertilizer BrighamVAmmoniated Dissolved Bone Blood andBone Fertilizer Blood and Bone Fertilizer D 113 2656 896 114 700 197 897 241 219 17 29 1 8 D 113 2656 896 114 700 197 897 240 219 17 29 1 8 D 101 B 14 1352 362 783 103 886 210 266 16 86 2 9 F 115 2711 1365 261 861 139 1000 206 222 17 32 9 9 D 153 2801 1120 81 714 262 976 225 160 17 09 3 8 F 181 2791 1188 77 729 279 ID ON 223 168 17 36 3 8 E 158 2792 17 397 486 556 1042 238 172 18 03 3 8 D 153 2801 1120 81 714 262 976 225 160 17 03 3 8 F 181 2791 1188 77 729 279 1008 223 168 17 36 3 8 E 158 27112 517 397 486 556 1042 238 172 18 03 3 8 E 137 2747 1053 115 861 41 902 214 355 17 80 1 8 F 133 2724 1010 109 693 420 1113 250 253 19 53 1 9 F 188 2816 1207 225 636 237 873 20U 129 15 42 8 F 142 2776 1388 155 794 318 1112 200 279 18 53 4 8 H 135 2822 1231 96 614 241 855 232 168 16 31 IK 8 H 121 2763 1379 90 843 180 1023 238 178 17 92 1 8 F 136 2772 1187 178 824 193 1017 202 146 16 76 1 8 D 133 2673 1582 110 759 232 991 200 138 16 44 1 8 0 167 2945 1363 203 764 198 962 205 159 16 49 1 8 F 148 2734 995 178 s01 147 94S 205 125 16 11 1 8 E 133 2719 1283 267 784 191 975 220 151 16 90 2 8 E 13 2745 1050 304 774 205 979 212 195 17 08 2 8 F 143 2739 1190 203 802 112 914 201 181 16 19 1 8 D 146 2799 1464 45 688 242 930 207 114 15 92 2 8 D 110 2661 1793 93 588 353 941 212 140 16 34 2 8 2 2 2 ZK m 1 Americus Guaiu Jo Americus Ga 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga 2 Baldwin Fert Co Port Koyal S C 2 Baldwin Fert Co Port KoylS C Vi Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md yz Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md IX Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md iy2 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga 1 Ga Farmers Oil F Co Madison Ga 1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md 2 Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C 1 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md 1 PatapscoGuano Co Baltimore Md 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa 1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga I The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Coweta Fert Co Newnan Ga 1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga 1 Head Fertilizer Co New York 1 Read Fertilizer Co New York X K CO O l Q O K K X a hH IT1 X M XTABLE No LContinued NAME OF BRAND A o a h 3 i C N v ti o J S 2946 1363 27 t 995 C 42 1566 2708 121 2705 1699 2648 L390 2680 1305 2686 L653 2760 14St 2742 1270 2748 1271 2744 1337 2800 1258 2751 1340 2754 1396 Phosphoric Acid fca Guaranteed Analysis i Sn 3 2n 2 3 S3 PE 1 zz o c C3 a H H Ph 2 8 2 1 2 8 2 1 1 2 VA 1 8 2 l 2 8 2 l 1 8 2 iy2 8 2 1 2 II 2 1 2 9 2 IK 1 8 2 2 1 8 2 2 1 8 2 2 1 8 2 2 2 X 2 1 2 f 2 1 BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTUEED H w H o s a d t7 H W H I O W O w Boss Cilia no Boss Guano Bone Compound oo Burke County Fertilizer Cotton and Com Compound Crescent Bone Fertilizer Cooper and Johnson Ammoniated Diss Bone Cotton Fertilizer Cotton Fertilizer Crescent Bone Fertilizer Crescent Bone Fertilizer Crescent Bone Fertilizer Crescent Bone Fertiliser Complete Cotton Fertilizer Cherokee Ammoniated Bone D 117 F 148 111 H 110 H 111 C 1011 1 122 D 130 C 128 116 C 114 0 110 D 149 11 118 C 122 20 178 111 1110 12 I 184 166 74 701 801 721 7 IB 709 692 720 839 1112 7so 178 182 170 215 I Hi 418 707 653 668 7SO 1112 569 198 117 211 178 2 in 146 20S 123 2 17 147 1112 187 42 2iic 2 7li 1112 948 937 894 015 838 12s M12 1107 s51 S 15 s55 822 002 S 15 205 205 2 I 221 2 15 216 211 201 211 205 200 201 200 237 2 12 159J16 in 125 10 11 20 1511 312 231 127 151 238 20s 231 323 180 10 75 17 48 10 05 10 00 11 12 10 S1 10 20 Id 1 10 12 10 51 10 05 115 18 37 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Goulding Fertilizer Co Pensacola Fla and Dublin Ireland Waynesboro Oil Fert Co Waynes boro Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S 4 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C Bowker Fert Co Boston Mass Jno D Weld Manager Savannah Ga Bowker Feit CoBoston Mass Jno D Wekl Manager Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah GaChatham Guano Climax Guano Cotton Maker Cotton Maker Cotton Maker Coweta High Grade Fertilizer Coweta Animal Bone Clifton Complete Fertilizer Carter and Woolfolks Superphosphate Cumberland Guano Cotton Seed Meal Mixture Cairo Guano 01 Cairo Guano Dissolved Bone Ammonia and Potash Dabneys Choice Guano Durham Ammoniated Fertilizer Double Anchor Soluble Guano Double Anchor Soluble Guano DixieGuano Dixie Guano Diamond Cotton Food Double Anchor Soluble Guano Eddystone Soluble Guano Etiwan Ammoniated Superphosphate Ellis Soluble Pacific Guano ns 122 153 181 lrS 139 140 171 154 165 127 128 125 289 125 276 120 158 128 125 133 113 113 2751 2754 2801 2791 2792 2748 2749 2833 2802 2806 2761 2672 2764 2831 2773 2947 2711 2805 2672 2764 2673 B II 2656 2815 2806 1340 1366 1120 1188 517 1073 1026 1070 931 1499 1100 1478 1428 719 1051 1084 1200 1021 1478 1428 1582 760 896 1339 1499 416 443 81 77 397 118 306 88 169 72 159 319 280 262 331 187 127 118 319 280 110 210 114 192 72 612 569 714 7211 486 704 708 684 045 800 631 663 595 624 779 656 76 771 663 595 759 7 700 152 800 290 276 262 27H 556 297 250 308 281 171 198 204 307 2 15 301 255 242 161 204 307 232 221 197 717 171 902 845 976 1008 1042 1001 102 992 920 971 829 867 902 869 1080 911 1004 940 867 902 991 1009 897 869 971 237 212 225 223 238 264 212 200 211 20 225 240 256 201 203 205 205 205 240 256 200 261 240 200 200 180 118 160 163 172 225 178 113 184 190 199 221 235 39 100 152 140 282 221 235 138 104 219 1 190 16 95 15 37 17 09 17 36 18 03 18 75 17 31 16 26 16 55 16 16 23 17 07 17 14 ill 10 92 16 03 16 17 30 17 07 17 84 16 44 17 75 17 29 15 94 16 69 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 i 1 1 vA l l l VA iy2 IK l VA l l 2 2 1 Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga IX Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md IX Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md IX Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md IX Cowela Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga 1 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga 1 Clifton Chemical Co Atlanta Ga 1 Carter Woolfolk Albany Ga 1 Chas Ellis Savannah Ga 1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1V4 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 110 A P Brantley Co Blackshear Ga 1 W H Dabney Dabney Ga Wi Durham Fertilizer Co Durham N C 1 Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston BC 1 Imperial Feitilizer Co Charleston SC Vt Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga 1 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC 1 Chas Ellis Savannah Ga 75 O l Q O w to a to H CSS Pi w go TABLE No IContinued NAME OF BRAND C3 Eagle Ammoniated Dissolved BoneIf 136 2772 Empire GuanoH 128 Till Empire Guanop 128 2672 Eagle Ammoniated Diss Bone Fertilizer D 110 26SI Eagle Ammoniated Diss Bone FertilizerD 111 2799 Excelsior GuanoD 133 2673 Economizer E 133 2719 Etiwan GuanoD 120 68 Eddystone Soluble Guano E 116 2662 I Kir c 18 1 I 2682 C 107 C E I 2719 C 116 2712 r Ml 2713 C 110 2711 Eddystone Soluble Guano Elephant Guano Eutaw Fertilizer Electric Guano Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bcne D 119 2800 a 118 1128 14 78 1793 llill 1582 1283 963 990 157 II I I 1224 1283 1270 1271 1337 1258 Phozplioric Acid r a ai i 178 281 31 113 47 110 2ff 311 308 44 73 123 267 178 182 171 20 821 595 663 588 688 75 784 53 193 30 2Ill 24 232 191 484 564 75 705 7SI 7SI 707 653 668 2 I 160 238 255 ltll 117 112 187 101 902 867 941 930 975 1015 809 9 li 943 1039 97 854 s 15 855 212 25 240 212 207 201 220 5 d o Guaranteed Analysis K 1 16 235 221 140 114 138 152 41 181 21 15 202 254 251 211 217 2S 220 152 215 23S 200 268 201 231 200 323 816 76 17 84 17 07 16 34 15 92 16 It 16 IX 17 96 15 61 16 84 17 85 19 II 16 HI 16 26 16 31 16 12 16 56l o 089 a BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTURED 8 2 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md r Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md IVi Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Read Fertilizer Co New York 1 Read Fertilizer Co New York 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston SC 1 Atlanta GuanoCo Atlanta Ga 1 Amerieus Guano Co Americus Ga 2 Albany F F Imp Co Albany Ga 1 Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC 1 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 3 W H 2i Q e H a to H I O H C WFarmers Standard Ammoniated Phosphate Farmers Friend Farmers Friend Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Farmers Standard Guano Georgia Stat3 Grange Fertilizer Georgia State Grange Stand Am Superphos Good Enough Guano Gouldings St George Georgia Pacific Guano Georgia Fertilizer Gem of Athens Fertilizer Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia State Stand Am Superphos Georgia State Stan Am Superphos Georgia State Stand Am Superphos Georgia State Stand Am Superphos Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Fertilizer Gem Guano Gem Guano H 118 C 232 D 141 C 115 C 109 E 122 C 102 C 109 A 127 E 111 A 113 0 109 F 138 D 101 F 115 D 116 D 114 D 110 D 149 C 116 C 114 C 110 D 149 D 153 F 181 2822 2951 2795 2616 2648 2709 B 14 2648 C 26 C 42 B 11 2618 2766 B 14 2714 2742 2743 2744 2800 2742 2713 2714 2800 2801 2791 1234 1350 1582 1385 1390 1083 1352 1390 973 1566 760 1390 1020 1352 1365 1270 1271 1337 1258 1270 1271 1337 1258 1120 1188 96 106 147 168 184 91 312 181 206 19 210 184 139 3 62 261 178 182 170 205 178 182 170 205 81 77 614 211 855 2 32 168 16 36 i 752 169 921 266 130 17 40 2 627 173 800 232 136 15 66 2 739 209 948 212 220 17 04 1 692 146 838 216 312 16 95 2 803 122 925 273 241 18 48 2 783 103 886 210 266 16 86 2 692 146 8 38 216 312 16 95 o 471 346 s17 236 189 16 32 1 723 214 937 231 182 17 10 1 788 221 1009 261 104 17 75 1 692 146 838 216 312 16 95 1 574 358 932 221 137 16 46 1 7 S3 103 886 210 266 16 86 2 861 139 1000 206 222 17 32 2 707 147 854 205 238 16 26 1 653 192 845 201 268 li 31 1 668 187 855 201 231 16 12 1 780 12 822 200 323 10 56 1 707 147 854 205 238 1626 1 653 192 845 200 268 16 31 1 068 187 855 201 231 16 iJ 1 780 42 822 200 323 16 56 1 714 262 970 225 160 17 09 3 729 279 1008 223 168 17 36 3 IVi O Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md IX Read Fertiliser Co New York Read Fertilizer Co New York Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Cj Savannah Ga Middle Ga Mfg Co H gansvil e Ga Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga CoOperative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga Gouldings F Co Pen Fla Dublin I Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Comer Hull Co Charleton S C Athens Oil and Felt Co Athens Ga Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Conie Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md til O i a o g g w K Q i j ft Sd m w 32 1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore MdTABLE No IContinued ra BRAND 1 s V S hi a s 3 t o eS o a al at N 1 p 3 o lhosphoric A id s c 0 E S 4 O M S3 3 is 0 a to s 8 y Is Sg B 8 M Guarantied Analysis si 3 O W 3 3 X T3 U H a CO NAME OF 22 3 g So E O c 5 in 8 M O BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED E 158 F 146 V 111 i2 171 143 D 128 H 125 D 14i D 110 C 116 C 114 C 110 D 149 E 137 F 173 IF 17C Ic llf 2792 2741 2741 2833 2739 21172 2764 2798 2661 2742 2743 2744 281K 2747 2811 2808 1 274 517 770 1028 1070 1190 1478 1128 1464 1798 1270 1271 1337 1258 1153 1006 1027 1271 397 219 258 88 203 319 280 M 93 486 632 507 684 802 063 595 688 588 550 256 354 308 112 204 307 242 858 147 192 187 42 41 188 171 117 1042 888 951 992 914 867 902 930 941 854 845 855 S22 902 972 871 SS4 238 293 2 IIS 200 201 240 256 207 212 205 201 201 200 214 23 287 205 172 122 175 115 181 221 235 114 140 288 268 231 323 3r5 215 373 238 18 03 17 72 16 60 16 26 16 19 17 07 17 84 15 92 16 34 16 26 16 31 11 12 16 56 17 80 17 84 19 44 16 26 3 1 1 2 2 VA IX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 9 8 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 2K 2 2 2 2 2y2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 IX 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 iy2 2 2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Georgia Major Guano Georgia Queen Guano Garrett Zellers Am CoOperative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga Co Op rative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga Dis 1 Clifton Chemical Co Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raiiin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Georgia SubTeaury Georgia Sub Treasury Hightower Co s An juan 3uai Di Dis Dis Dis Read Fertilizer Co New York Reid Fertilizer Co New York 178 707 182 658 170 668 1 205 780 115 861 1 122 784 1 74 70 1 178 707 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull it Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull i Co Savannah Ga Hlghtower Oos Am Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Coweta Fertilizer Company Newnan Houston Guano Works Fort Valley Ga Houston Guano Works Fort Valley Ga Gorsfia Fertilizer Co lJort Royal S C o M n s a H O 11 II o f1 H Cj W M I w c 68 Hardees Cotton Boll Hardees Cuton Boll Hardees Cotton Boll Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone Hogansville Gnano Hardees Cotton Boll Imperial Guano C c 1 c E C I Imperial Soluble GuanoIf Imperial Soluble Guano E Imperial GuanoIF Imperial Guano E Imperial Guano D no John M Greens FormulaB Jacksons High Grade FertilizerF Jonahs Gourd GuanoD J S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone J S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone Jno M Greens Formula Jno M Greens Formula Jno M Greens Formula King Guano King Guano King Cotton Guano Lane Bros Ammoniated Dis Bone Lane Bros Ammoniated Dis Bone Ill llll 149 109 122 109 113 158 120 1 116 106 113 Ill 156 123 125 lill 10i in l 128 139 116 lit 2713 2744 2800 2648 2711 I 2618 2658 2805 2711 2770 2662 18 2656 2820 2803 2672 2701 2770 18 2662 2761 2672 2683 2742 2713 1271 1337 1258 1390 1083 1390 896 1024 1200 096 990 1157 896 895 907 1478 1428 996 115 990 1428 1478 904 1270 1271 182 170 205 184 91 184 114 128 127 317 308 445 114 171 178 319 280 31 445 308 280 319 97 178 182 192 187 42 146 1 22 146 197 101 242 407 245 100 197 292 267 201 307 407 160 245 307 204 18 346 07i 147 5sl 192 845 855 822 838 925 S3S 897 940 1004 1010 809 919 897 1047 803 867 902 1010 919 809 902 807 364 854 845 200 201 200 210 273 216 240 205 205 201 220 202 240 233 230 240 221 268 231 323 312 241 312 219 282 140 104 159 254 219 172 256 201 202 220 256 240 240 205 200 235 104 254 159 235 221 205 238 208 16 31 10 12 10 16 95 18 IS 10 95 17 29 17 30 16 68 16 34 15 64 16 84 17 29 17 95 17 18 17 07 17 84 10 34 16 84 15 64 17 84 17 07 17 72 16 26 16 31 1 8 2 1 8 2 1 s 2 1 8 2 2 8 2 iy2 1 8 2 1 8 2 Vl 8 2 iy 8 2 i 8 2 i 8 2 i 8 2 i 8 2 5 8 2 1 8 2 1 9 lA vi 1 9 i m 1 8 2 1 8 2 1 8 2 IX 9 2 l4 iy2 9 2 Hi i 8 2 i 8 2 i t 2 Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C Comer Hull A CoSavannah Ga Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansv le Ga Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C Amei icus Guano Co Americus Ga Imperial Fert CoCharleston S C Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C U a ton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Almand Moon Jackson Ga Mitchell Co Fert Co Camila Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Rawls Webb Cuthbert Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga K CO O O W o W H CO ITABLE No IContinued c Phosphoric Arid ai Guaranteed a s 3 Analysis NAME OF BRAND CD o M a d Jl 6 S d w la S O Oh si 18 o a So o S 0 BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN o a S si o u g j5 4 S s o 3 o V Ki 3 5 a o e s a o a a o UFACiURED Lane Bros Ammoniated Dis Bone Lane fc Bros Ammomated Dis Bone Lanes Our Own Lock wood Cotton Grower 3 Lockwood Cotton GrowerF Listers GuanoH Lanes W T Bros Ammd Dis Bone Lockwood Cotton Grower Mastodon Phospho Matchless Cotton GrowerD Matchless Cotton Grower I Monarch GuanoF Manatee GuanoF Manatee GuanoD Mella Cotton Grown E Monroe GuanoF Matchless Cotton GrowerD c Hi D 11 0 US E ia F 158 H 113 C 109 A 113 F L30 2711 2800 2759 2711 2805 2750 2618 B 11 2765 110 2661 i 146 27 149 2735 148 2784 2945 2770 2694 122 2680 1337 1258 1285 1200 1024 1401 1390 760 11 XI 1793 1401 1035 995 1363 996 1025 305 170 205 211 127 118 132 18 210 88 93 45 171 178 203 317 187 106 668 780 800 70 77 803 692 788 759 588 688 78 801 701 003 732 720 855 825 8f 1004 9 IK 949 838 1009 050 041 930 910 9 is 002 1010 1074 928 201 200 21 205 205 223 10 201 230 212 207 247 205 205 201 243 213 231 323 59 141 282 214 3 12 104 155 140 114 235 125 15 104 132 231 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Port Royal Pert Co Port Royal S C Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Listers Agricultural Chem Woiks Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Clarence Angier Ailanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Rear Fertilizer Co New York Read Fertilizer Co New York Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Southern Phosphate WorksMaconGa Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C w M d S w g w H o O w o It h d w K I O O W oManipulated Guano NassauGuano Nassau Guano Newton County High Grade Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone Old Reliable On Hunlers Matchless Blood B Guano Orr Hunters Matchless Blood B Guano Our Own Ocmulgee Guano Ocmulgee Guano Olympic Guano Olympic Guano Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone Old Time Guano Owl Brand Guano Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer P rt Royal Cotton Fertilizer Pomona Guano C 112 2642 883 133 565 295 860 314 363 19 92 1 8 VA D 130 2686 1653 74 839 123 962 200 127 16 12 2 9 2 C 128 2760 1484 102 70 217 997 211 151 16 85 2 9 2 F 129 2775 952 224 661 338 999 251 142 17 76 1 8 2 D 116 2742 1270 178 707 147 851 205 238 Id 26 1 8 2 D 114 2743 1271 182 653 192 845 200 268 16 31 1 8 2 D 110 2744 1337 170 668 187 855 201 231 16 12 1 8 2 D 149 2800 1258 205 780 42 822 200 323 16 56 1 8 2 C 119 2759 1285 211 860 125 985 217 59 16 16 1 8 2 D 128 2672 1478 319 663 201 867 240 221 17 07 vA 9 2y2 H 125 2764 142s 280 595 307 902 250 2 17 84 134 9 D 133 2678 1582 110 759 232 991 200 13S 16 41 1 8 2 D 167 2945 1363 203 764 198 962 205 159 16 49 2 8 2 F 148 273 995 178 801 147 948 205 125 16 11 2 8 2 D 167 2915 1363 203 761 198 962 205 159 16 49 2 8 2 F 148 2734 995 178 801 147 948 205 125 16 11 2 0 2 C 109 2648 1390 184 692 146 838 216 312 16 95 1 8 2 H 103 2713 1156 210 741 181 922 251 56 16 52 2 8 2T A 112 B 9 856 128 649 286 935 290 212 18 74 2 8 2 D 116 2742 1270 178 707 147 854 205 238 16 20 1 8 2 D 114 2743 1271 182 653 192 815 200 268 16 31 1 8 2 D 110 2744 1337 170 668 187 855 201 231 16 12 1 8 2 D 149 2800 1258 205 780 42 822 200 321 16 56 1 8 2 H 118 2751 1340 416 612 290 902 237 180 16 95 2 8 2 2 Willcox Gibbs GuOo Savannah Ga Bowker Fert Co Boston MassJno D Weld Manager Savannih Ga 1 Bowker Fert C Boston Mass Jno D Weld Manager Savannah Ga t Cook Hays Covington Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 110 Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md li Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga I Southern Pnosphate Works Maeon Ga I Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga I Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga 1 Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga ic Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Davie Whittle Petersburg Va Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah i a CC O o o S is w o IS H IS a GO ITABLE NO I Continued N A I E OF BRAND u X G p ospho 0 X l a O D 0 a X D u 5 a o CO A o Planters Soluble Guano Pouhattan Kaw Bone Am Superplms Potomac Guano Potomac Guano Penguin Guano Patent Pacific Guano Phoenix Guano fiirt Ammoniated Bone Vegetable Fert Port Royal Cotton Fertilzer Plow Brand Kaw Bone Superphosphate Rockdale Standard Ammoniated Guano Rabbit Foot Guno Ruths Good Luck Guan i cue Guan Rescue Guano Reliance Ammoniated Superphos Reliable H R Cos F 143 r 188 ii 125 n 128 F 11 I 11 ll 129 V lls c 109 1 123 F 121 F 173 188 F lls Ii i Ii 129 I 122 2739 2816 276I 2672 2733 2657 2681 2645 ills 21 IS I 271 IS 2811 2816 2734 2945 2681 2709 1190 12111 1128 1478 1035 1687 1053 965 13 10 1001 1128 Hilie 120 995 1363 1053 1083 213 1 280 31 171 146 381 114 I si 297 08 122 i 25 178 203 381 11 802 131 595 003 781 652 555 588 012 587 686 7si 0311 S01 704 555 8113 112 237 307 204 127 210 38 212 146 410 869 lss 237 147 I Cs 38 1 o3 Guaranteed Analysis O o S rz OT3 d 1 o3 c c a Sfi 5 0 s a cS ii 5 2 a d Oj M Ph BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTORED 914 s73 902 807 916 18 941 800 838 1112 1055 972 s73 9 IS 962 9 II 926 201 181 200 129 2ill 235 240 221 247 235 205 211 2 II 197 691 122 216 312 270 225 237 148 239 215 200 129 205 125 205 159 214 197 273 241 Sl 19 2 15 42 2 17 84 1 17 07 1 I 17 71 2 I 10 56 16 87 3d 56 11 95 19 22 17 92 17 81 I 12 111 II 2 III 19 2 16 87i 1 18 48 2 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Rasin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa Southern Fhos Co Atlanta Ga Walton Whann Co Charleston SC Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C Walton Whann V Co Charleston SC Conyers Oil and Fert Co Conyers Ga Houston Guano Works Fort Valley Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Southern Phosphate Wks Macon Ga Southern Phosphate Wks Macon Ga Walton Whann Co Charleston SC Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansville ia K a W H s W H O i Q f H a w o w o w oRoyal Soluble Guano South Carolina AnimM Dissolved B ne Seals A mm miated Bone Seals Ammoniated Bone SealsAmmoniated Bone Stonewall Guano Stonewall Guano Stonewall Guano Sterling Guano Sterling Guano Sea Gull Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Soluble Sea Island Guano Soluble Sea Island Guano Sou h American Guano Sjuth American Guano Sjuth Georgia BoneSuperphos South Georgia Bone Superphos Stubbs Tisons Ammd Dissolved Bone Stubbs Tisons Ammd Dissolved Bone Southern Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Sterling Guano Small Grain SpeciSc Standard Guano Soluble Guano Sibleys Ammoniated Dissolve Bune L22 2680 1305 119 2759 1285 153 2801 1120 181 2791 1188 158 2792 517 l 2801 11 20 181 2791 1188 L58 2792 517 158 2805 1024 120 2711 1200 121 2763 1379 125 2711 1428 128 2 172 1478 125 2701 1428 128 2072 1478 110 2661 L793 140 2799 1401 125 2704 1428 128 2072 1478 104 2057 1687 113 B 11 700 111 270 1699 136 2085 1155 111 2705 1699 115 2646 1385 166 211 81 77 397 81 77 397 118 127 90 290 319 280 319 93 45 280 319 140 210 129 197 129 1 720 208 928 860 125 985 714 262 B76 729 279 10IIS 486 556 1042 714 202 970 729 279 inIS 480 556 1042 779 101 940 702 242 1004 843 180 1023 595 307 902 003 204 864 595 307 902 663 204 S0I 588 353 941 688 242 9311 595 307 912 003 201 861 052 266 918 788 221 1009 709 206 915 793 213 1006 709 206 II 15 739 2 Op 948 213 217 225 231 59 160 223 los 238 172 22o 100 223J 108 238 172 205 205 238 256 240 256 240 2 12 207 250 240 205 201 205 227 265 212 282 140 178 235 22 235 221 140 114 235 221 211 101 150 156 151 220 1699 16 16 17 09 17 36 18 03 17 09 17 30 18 03 17 30 10 08 17 92 17 SI 17 0 17 84 17 07 10 l 15 92 17 81 17 07 16 56 17 75 17 48 17 35 1748 17 04 1 110 IX IX IX IX 1 1 1 1 IK 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md R iisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baitimoie Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Read Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Read Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Southern Phos Co Atlanta Ga Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga AshleN Phosphate Co Charleston S C Albany Fert Farm I Co Albany Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Comer Hull Co for Sibley Mixon Co Augusta Ga r O c z a c l x 1 ITABLE No IContinued m NAME OF BRAND oj Soluble Guano Southern States Standard Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime Soluble Guano Sternes Ammd Raw Bone Superphosphate Soluble Guano Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Treadwell Abbotts Am Dissolved Bone Treadwell Abbotts Am Dissolved Bone Truck Farmers Special Guano Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Victor Guano Victor Guano A II H mi A lllll I 122 10 121 E 112 C Ks c lie c 114 c 110 D 119 II 125 D 123 C 126 C 109 A 113 F 158 B 11 2701 A 10 2680 2706 2658 O 8 2712 2743 2744 2800 27H1 2H72 2758 2648 710 1832 907 13 or 12 IS 9 28 11 1270 1271 1337 1258 1128 1478 1714 1390 7mi 1024 Phosphoric Acid 210 788 101 7711 184 1111 u 363 I 178 182 170 2O 811 720 92 711 859 707 653 668 780 2so 595 lnil 1080 692 70 310 184 210 118 221 2 2 IS 2 IS 1110 277 2011 14 102 187 42 1107 201 112 146 221 161 lono 10 OS 1079 928 10111 1011 1063 864 s Ii 855 of Guaranteed Analysis JZ o 2 a z 0 2111 202 260 213 250 2111 2111 211 200 201 200 9021 251 86 1112 838 1009 2 10 2 Hi 261 940 20 104 15 125 231 2511 10 219 2 Its 268 231 11211 235 221 11711 17 17 18 11 1 1 17 10 16 16 1 10 k 17 17 1 22 H 12 104 2S2 17 75 1 8 25 1 8 47 2K 8 00 1 8 II 1 s 80 Vi 8 12 S 20 1 8 3l 1 8 8 1 8 SI i 9 117 iH 9 is 1 10 11 1 8 75 VA 8 30 1 I1 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C c L Montague Co Savannah 6a GOber Son Co Baltimore Md Royal Fert Co Charleston S C Stand Gu ChemMfg Co N 0Ia Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Port Roya Fert Co Port Royal S C Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C RaUin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Wilcox GibbsGuanoCoSavannahGa Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston S C Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston S C s 2 M 2i H O o w II Q Cj f H a w f o H o w 0 E C 120 111 2711 2742 1200 1271 1 Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos 1 Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos C 111 2743 1271 1 Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos C 111 2714 1337 1 Williams Cos Stsmdaid Bone Superphos D 119 2800 1238 2 C 116 2742 1270 1 c 111 2743 1271 1 Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone c 110 2744 1337 1 I lll 2800 1258 2 p 0 126 109 2770 2648 996 1390 3 Williams Cos Standard Bone Superphos 1 Westons Ammonialed Dissolved Bone c lilll 2848 1890 1 27 763 2 12 1004 205 140 10 OS 1 8 2 1 Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston S C 78 707 147 854 205 288 16 26 1 8 2 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 82 13 102 845 200 268 10 31 1 s 2 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 70 cos 187 855 201 231 li 12 1 8 2 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 05 7so 42 S22 200 323 16 56 1 8 2 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 78 707 147 854 205 238 16 26 1 8 2 2 Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C 82 053 192 845 200 263 16 31 1 8 2 2 Georgie Fertilizer Co Port Rojal S C 70 668 1S7 855 201 231 16 12 1 8 2 2 GeDrgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C 05 780 42 S22 200 323 li 66 1 8 2 2 Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C 17 003 407 1010 201 104 16 31 1 8 2 1 Walton Guano Co Social Sircle Ga SI 692 140 838 216 312 16 95 1 8 2 2 Coner Hull Co Savannah Ga sl 692 146 S38 216 32 10 05 1 8 2 2 Georgia Fertilizer Co Pert Royal S f1 cc O Q O so Q Nl H W H N W SiTABLE No II m Cotton Seed Meals Analyzed Under Provisions of Calvin Bill Approved July 22 1891 NAME OF BRAND Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton feed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal 6 a 50 S3 E a Guaranteed Analysis BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED A KB A 108 A 107 B 111 A 108 A 110 A 111 A 111 A 115 D 103 A 117 D 112 A 118 A 119 E 103 E 102 A A A A A B B B 5 B 6 B 18 B 19 B 20 B 21 B 22 O i C 9 843 20 24 7ill 891 2J 39 750 881 21 15 750 871 20 ill 750 876 21 03 750 871 20 91 750 805 21 48 750 847 20 33 750 878 21 03 750 847 33 750 876 21 03 751 867 JO 81 750 814 21 26 750 880 21 12 7Ml 820 19 68 751 890 21 51 750 Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove Ga Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove la Rome Oil Mills Rome Ga Muscogee Oil Co Columbus Ga Elberton Oil Mill Elberton Ga Milledgeville Oil Mill Milledgeville Ga Southern Cotton Oil Mill Atlanta Ga Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga Excelsior Manufacturing Co Washington Ga Albany Oil and Refining Co Albany la Jackson Oil Mill Jackson Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Atlanta Oil Mill Kirkwood Ga Macon Oil and Fertilizer Co Macon LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ga Middle Georgia Manufacturing Co HogansviUe Ga w H w H O K O W ii q d H d w f o w o w oCotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Sea Island Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal 5 Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal E 104 A 120 A 121 A 123 A 122 D 105 A 120 E 579 118 P 120 C 117 F M 139 135 F 202 F 190 F 187 C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 15 C 20 C 25 B 2 2068 2175 2619 2725 2919 2836 2781 2783 898 876 868 870 876 798 874 814 820 816 640 860 750 840 759 771 21 50 21 03 20 84 20 88 21 03 19 16 20 98 21 94 19 68 19 58 IB 58 20 61 18 00 20 16 18 22 18 51 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 550 750 750 750 750 750 McBride Co Newnan Ga Farmers Cooperative Manufacturing Co Griffin Ga Augusta Oil Mill Augusta Ga Geogia Farmers Oil and Fertilizer Co Madison Ga Augusta Oil Mill Augusta Ga Dawson Oil Mill Dawsw Ga Cooperative Manufacturing Co Forsvth Ga Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga West Point Oil Mil West Point Ga Farmers and Merchants Oil and Guano Co Fort Gaines Ga The A P Brantlcy Co Blacksliear Ga Athens Oil and Fort Co Alhens Ga W T Morton James Station Ga Cotton Oil and Mfg Co Locust Grove Ga Twiggs Oil and Fert Co Jeffcrsonville Ga C T Lathrop Hawkinsville Ga tS GO O O O IS w o t1 s ts w N ts w mTABLE No III rm Superphosphates with Ammonia and Potash NAME OF BRAND Ashepoo Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot B 108 Arcadia Dissolved Bone Amm and PotF 150 Baltimore Dissolved Bone 00 Central City Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot Dissolved Bone Ammonia and Potash Etowah Superphosphate Farmers Favorite Furmans Sol Bone Ammonia and Potash Hore Bros Cotton Grower Dissolved Bone J J Taylors Dis Bone Amm and Pot Manatee Dissolved Bone Amm a d Pot Monogram Cotton Special Rainbow Soluble Phosphate Roddenbury Special Standard Bone Ammonia and Potash D 20 F 160 II 128 F 113 J 114 F 101 F 150 j in F 150 199 B li J 114 J 114 Phosphoric Ac cC o Ti i O 00 3 O 3 S s a o 02 p2 2862 2737 2846 2717 2752 2718 1336 183 I 918 270 1111 09 918 227 I 1370 233 1007 182 113 2868 1542 2663 802 2737 918 2800 1542 277 1118 2868 1040 2807 1213 28011 1542 46 270 113 270 205 102 113 113 802 810 002 810 814 737 082 507 810 02 810 558 3 It 307 1126 1117 00 1001 307 1117 107 220 o PI M a a S 3 Pm 132 10 100 208 411 311 307 111 307 328 887 227 6821 111 6821 111 10341 101 1035 183 1093 008 1117 L093 111 880 1114 1093 1093 110 126 107 110 107 115 101 110 110 164 110 151 110 170 101 120 218 110 120 110 183 121 120 120 Guaranteed Analysis a 75 jn Sn 0 B o oja m o O 10 0 14 99 14 22 1 14 99 2 II 85 I 14 91 14 05 14 01 It 99 11 95 II on 13 02 11 93 14 91 It o BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C 1 Southern Phos Works Macon Qa 1 Boykin Carnter Co Baltimore Md 1 Southern Phosphate WorksMaconGa IX Georgia Chemical Wi rks August i Qa 1 Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga 1 jsavannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Furiuan Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga 1 Southern Phos Works Macon Ga 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Southern Phos Works Macon Ga 1 Lorentz Kittler Baltimore Md 1 Americus Guano Co Amerlcus Ga 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah la 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga W W H w 2 H O Q W hH O C H d H I O w o w QTABLE No IV Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates with Potash NAME OF BRAND Ashcpoo Acid Phosphate and Potash Ashepoo Bone Ash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Ac d Phosphate and Potash Ashley Acid Phosphate Ameiicus Dissolved Bone a id Potash Ashley Acid Phosphate Bowkcrs Dissolved Bone and Potash Brighams Dissolved Bone Phosphate Charleston AcidPhosphate Double Anchor Acid Phosphate Dissolved Bone and Potash Eagle Acid Phosphate agle Acid Phosphate A 128 A 128 F 157 F 131 H 126 H 115 E 114 D 117 E 111 H 130 H 126 E 107 F 103 D 117 H 106 H 126 C 37 C 37 2804 2729 2731 2732 2666 267 I 2666 2753 2731 40 2607 2679 2860 2731 943 943 1271 1290 1263 1015 1238 1066 1238 1283 1263 U30 1194 1066 1745 1263 159 88 127 127 317 137 457 137 114 127 232 269 457 55 127 940 831 902 953 847 771 2 10 771 1032 953 839 807 210 1104 953 498 1138 498 1438 209 1043 314 1216 270 122 i 355 1202 383 1154 794 4001 383 1154 296 4328 270 1223 239 1078 327 1131 794 1001 258 1302 270 1223 1611 169 100 15 46 15 46 11 75 168 13 68 170 114 496 454 196 124 170 190 161 154 155 170 13 71 13 13 13 40 11 84 13 40 44 22 43 75 12 75 12 99 11 84 14 74 13 75 BY WHOM AND WI4KRE MANU FACTURED Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Atlantic Phosphate Co Chariest on SC Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Athens Oil Fert Co Athens Ga Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Americus Guano Co Americu Ga Z W Carwile Jr Augusta Ga Z W Carwile Jr Augusta Ga w o Q O W a W w iFl TABLE No IVContinued NAME OF BRAND Eutaw Acid Phosphate apd Potash Edlsto Acid Phosphate Edisto Acid Phosphate Farsh Furman Formula o Imperial Acid Phosphate Lockwood Acid Phosphate Nassau Dissolved Bone and Potash Potash Acid Phosphate Stono Acd Phosphate Sterling Acid Phosphate Victor Acid Phosphate A 128 E 12 E 130 F ill F in F 103 II 130 1 145 E 107 F In F in 2717 7211 2699 2687 266 27 27 in 40 2117 2667 g 9 13 13SI 1103 11117 1194 1194 1283 1401 1430 1194 1194 Plioapkoric Arid CO ty ID Guaranteed Analysis OT3 SI 159 138 127 385 2 ill 269 114 102 232 2W 269 PS So PS O 2 1 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 940 718 865 77 807 80 In 806 838 807 807 198 1438 I 298 1113 I 237 1092 I 432 I2117 327 32 296 2 3 327 1134 1131 1328 1190 1078 1131 1134 17915 l 112 11 SI 156 12 59 11 88 327 161 111 187 190 llll 104 12 9 12 lit 11 2 111 62 12 7 12 99 12 99 2 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Edlsto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Edislo Phosphate Cj Charleston S C Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Clarence Apgier Atlanta Ga Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Lorentz Rittler Baltimoie Md Stono Phos Works Charleston S C Clarence Anger Atlanta Ga 1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C O W m w H g W A iJ o Q W 1i o cj F H CJ W W I o w o w ONAME OF BRAND Acid Phosphate Aid Phosphate Acid Phosphat Ashley Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate Atlanta Sol Bone Ameriffus Dis Bone Atlantic Dis Bone Ashepoo Dis Bone Ashepoo Acid Phos Cotton Boll Acid Phosphate Chicora Dis Bone Chatham Acid Phosphate Chatham Acid Phosphate Chicora Acid Phosphate Coweta High Grade Acid TABLE No V Plain Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates I7 F 147 A 124 E 115 D 137 E 117 1 117 E lid E 106 E 106 C 113 H 161 F 116 C 121 H 161 E 142 2858 1334 2738 1149 Phosphoric Acid o C 14 2665 2688 2660 C 21 C 41 c v c 1 2611 2848 2712 2782 2818 2733 1107 1276 131 1336 1238 1258 1219 1219 11 17 1576 1095 1452 1576 900 58 215 192 1 1H4 191 166 55 166 166 31 115 453 312 115 174 1099 927 1029 1004 1258 774 921 1038 910 910 1110 1283 707 888 1283 446 458 385 385 304 316 301 422 434 434 169 214 1545 1385 1411 1389 1562 1090 1225 1460 1344 1344 1279 1494 525 1232 452 1340 214 1497 587 1498 13 o CD S x Guaranteed Analysis si i 814 96 13 68 13 92 13 72 15 10 11 32 12 40 14 28 15 ii 13 36 12 81 14 58 12 46 13 32 14 58 14 56 2 BY WHOM AND WHERE M UFAC1URED Wilcox Glbbs Guano Co Savanh Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa Ga Farm Oil Fert Co MadisonGa Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Albany Fert F I Co Albany Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Chicora Fert Co Charleston S C Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Qa Chicora Fert Co Charleston S C Coweta Fert Co Newnan Ga P3 G Pi J2m TABLE No VContinued NAME OF BRAND Central City Acid Phosphate Diss Bone Double Anchor Diss Bone Diamond Soluble Bone g Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate Diss Bone Dalton High Grade Acid Plios Durham Acid Phosphate E ells Diss Bone Eutaw Acid Phosphate Excelsior Acid Phosphate Kdisto Diss Bone Eutaw Acid Phosphate Elwan Diss Bone Enoree Acid Phosphate English Diss Bone Acid Phosphate F 117 F 101 E 1C5 D 124 C 110 F 231 F H 157 F 163 A 111 A 118 lor E 106 F I Is 10 UN Phosphoric Acid j z 273s 2684 hi 2171 12 2859 2856 2S6I 2786 A B 8 B 1 C 17 1316 1149 1528 870 1130 153 L4es 1 I i 1096 1275 1080 l2i 1318 1210 12Ill C 17 12 19 215 73 207 171 17 50 234 178 253 281 358 07 100 270 100 027 957 872 1040 1107 1108 1021 1091 1075 807 828 908 010 1030 010 45S 222 340 320 387 361 104 325 168 318 102 470 134 28 434 4 C IOOIB 121 1532 177111071 387 1385 1179 13 12 1301 1404 1520 J425 1116 1243 1215 1230 1378 1344 1310 1344J 144 u uaranteed Analysis S3 n 5 ae pg g gft t Cm BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTURED 13 08 12 II 13 10 13 53 14 56 14 84 14 00 13 93 12 55 12 32 12 44 13 03 13 36 13 16 13 31 11 56 Southern Phospb ite Works MaconGa Furmans FarmA ImpCoAtlantaGa Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Walton Whann Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Rome Chemical Co Rome Ga Dalton Gn ino Mfg Co Dalton Ga Durham Fert Co Durham N C Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phosphate CoCharlestonSC ExceloiorMig CoLsed WashingtonGa Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Etiwan Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Ashep o Phosphate CoCharlestonSC Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga hi t 5d H H o o w Q H d w S I o Pd o w oFurmans Acid Phosphate Forest City Aci i Phosphate Georgia Acid Phosphate Georgia State Standard D B Phosphate Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Imperial Dissolved Bone Kennesaw Acid Phosphate Littles High Grade Acid Phosphate Leader Acid Phosphate Leggs High Grade Acid Phosphate Marietta High Grade Acid Phosphate to Monroe Acid Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate Obers South Carolina Dissolved Bone Ouj Dissolved Bone Phosphate Our Dissolved Bone Phosphate Palmetto Acid Phosphate Pomona Acid Phosphate Pomona Acid Phosphate Port Royal Acid Phosphate Port K yal Dissolved Bone Phosphate Piedmont Acid Phosphate F 100 1204 1528 73 957 2 22 1170 12 04 2 10 C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 12 79 12 84 1 12 C 113 2041 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 84 2 12 C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 84 2 12 C 113 2041 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 SI 2 12 D 208 2SY2 1428 120 1260 181 1141 14 13 2 13 F 11 2697 1214 73 1300 303 16 09 li 18 1 13 E 105 C 16 870 267 972 340 1312 13 in 2 12 E 159 2854 1177 307 1007 324 1331 13 25 2 12 F 109 2697 1214 73 1306 303 1609 15 48 1 13 A 129 C 38 1501 51 920 248 1108 11 15 2 10 F 109 2697 1214 73 1303 303 1609 15 48 1 13 A 100 2534 1705 1204 61 L265 12 72 2 10 F 10B 2695 1220 298 1012 289 1301 13 01 1 in C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 84 2 12 C 113 2041 1617 31 1110 169 1279 12 81 2 12 J 150 2850 585 111 1190 291 1481 14 45 2 12 C 121 2782 1452 312 888 452 1310 1332 2 12 F 110 2712 1095 453 707 525 1232 1246 2 12 F 206 2852 1235 313 985 284 1269 12 76 2 12 F 116 2712 1095 453 707 525 1232 12 46 2 12 C 121 2782 14 52 312 888 152 1340 13 32 2 12 C 113 2641 1617 81 1110 109 1279 12 84 2 12 C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 109 1279 12 84 2 12 A 100 2534 1705 1204 61 1265 12 72 2 10 Furman Farm Imp Co A D Adair McCarty Bros Agts Atlanta Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Read Fertilizer Co New York Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga Geo VV Sott C Atlanta Ga Read Fertilizer Co New York Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga MariettaGuano Co Atlanta Ga Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Bradley Fert CoBoston Mass Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga t1 W x O o o g g w w Q w H N a x VTABLE No VContinued W NAME OF BKAND a J3 Phospho O a 3 i 3 y OJ ft i g9 U v a o a M 5 3 S eg o 3 QQ o a O X Guaranteed Analysis 2 c a 212 a tvi o BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED e K w w a H o t s o g It o w r w o Sd Rawls Webb Aeid Phosphalo Rome Acid Phospha e Royal Dissolved Bone Si chips Acid Phosphate o Sunny South Acid Phosphate f Soluble Bone Sea Bird Acid Phosphate Samson Dissolved Bone Samson Dissolved Bone Bibleys Acid Phosphate WandoAcld Phosphate Walton Acid Phosphate X X Acid Phosphate I 136 F 281 D 121 E 126 E 117 B mi E 15 D 147 1 142 113 E 108 583 D Ivil 2677 2859 1068 14 id 2676 13 ill 2707 1028 2660 2857 2854 278 2796 2641 i 2 li 7 21174 1331 1460 1177 1337 116 16 I 10 5 6 12 1130 138 55 69 73 196 ml 1078 1168 1057 1286 771 1211 307 1007 I 143 1117 I I 185 251 174 985 925 10 til 393 301 335 2 SI I 316 285 324 283 292 169 388 133 320 1471 1529 139 1566 1090 1529 1331 1400 1432 1271 1373 1358 1365 SI I 37 11 St 13 71 15 13 1 11 32 I I si 1325 13 80 II 06 12 si 13 59 L3 17 13 53 C L Montague do Savannah Ga Rome Chemical Co Rome la Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston s c Standard Guano and Chemical Mfg 1 Co New Orleans La Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Ga Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga Wight Weslosky v Brown Albany II Wight Weslosky V Brown Albany Ga Sibley Nixon Augusta Ga I Wando Phosphate Co Charleston S C I Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Walton Whann Co WilminglonDelTABLE No VI Potash Salts c g 0 0 S to o o a u o s u o 2 CC CD 8 Phosphoric Acid s o S s o q5 11 a Guaranteed Analysis O n a CD o CO NAMti OF BHAND oa si 5 73 03 S3 O 5 o o a 3 3 1 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED Kainit A 108 C lid H 167 H MIS H 109 J 15 J 152 F 168 A 101 J 151 C 130 A 5 2835 2838 2710 1 13 14 12 90 12 02 11 92 13 38 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Ashepoo Phoa Co Ciarle ton S C i 1287 1164 Commercial Guano Co Savannah Qa Read Fertilizer Co New York Comer Hull Co Savannah Qa Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C 12 65 12 7 2785 A 2 13 29 13 60 3 75 43 6 13 si J B Seott Cordele Ga Napier Worsham Co Macon Ga 550 10 113 6136 J A Bale Rome Ga J B Seott Cordele Ga w H o o o w gd o H wTABLE No VII Analyses Made Under the Provisions of the Ellington Bill Approved Decemher 27 1890 a 3 Phosphoric Acid 2 K O NAME OF NAME OF ADDRESS OF 5 t OS D Sh o M 01 CD O REMARKS COUNTY ORDINARY ORDINARY 14 eg w 3 S0 JD 0 3 O GQ C 6 3 o CO 3 c o a a Warren County Hon R W Hubert Warrenton Ga No 1 2546 1200 971 865 1326 111 Screren Counly Hon M M Porter No 2590 1096 61 93 990 10S3 250 24K Nothing od package to Indicate where it was from It was received by mail addressed Hun Sttlte Chenvst State of Ga Atlanta Ga preceding a letter with a similar address Irom Hon M M 1ot ter Screven Co Sylvania a Kurke County Hon E L Brinsoa Waynesbjro Ga No 1 259 522 2 97 109j 1190 275 198 Received by mail in two paper packages in a paste Burke County Hon E L Brinson Wayneboro la No 1 2592 978 252 795 203 99S 215 1 board box not sealed in any way o H O o w o d H d w f Q W o w oTABLE No VIII NAME OF BRAND Lees Prep Agricultural Lime Land Plaster S Pennimans Patent Composter Ochilla Guano Miscellaneous w H 137 A 136 H 179 O 120 Phosphoric Acid 2823 2841 2844 272S Guaranteed Analysis OT3 S o So 3 0 5a BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 201 Lin Mi 08 3321 2972 Totl 2048 A S Lee Richmond Va B R legg Bro Marietta Ga Stubbs Tison Savannah Ga Wilcox Gibbs n CoSavannah Ga Lime in the form of Carbonate with some Sulphate fSulphate of Lime with some Carbonate tLime in the form of Carbonate phosphoric Acid r O f Q O 3 o W2SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 2 FOURTH SERIES Questions fer June Grep Report 1592 Returnable June 1st 1892 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga May 19 1892 Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so as to reach this office by the first day of June AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10 per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character A If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi mate estimate leave the space blank Thanking you for previous reports I am Very respectfully R T NESBITT Commissioner of Agriculture 1 CORNCondition compared with an averageper ct 2 OATS Yield or prospective yield if not harvested compared with an averageper ct To what extent injured by rust per ct2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 4 WHEATYield or prospective yield compared with an average per ct 5 To what extent injured by rust per ct 6 COTTON Stand June 1 compared with a perfect standper ct 7 Condition compared with an averageper ct 8 SUGAR CANEStand compared with a perfect standper ct 9 Condition compared with an averageper ct 10 POTATOES IrishYield or prospective yield compared with an averageper ct 11 POTATOES SweetAcreage compared with an averageper ct 12 RICECondition compared with an averageper ct 13 PEANUTSAcreage compared with an averageper ct 14 MELONSAcreage compared with last yearper ct Lg Condition compared with an averageper ct 18 PEACHESPercentage of a full cropper ct 17 APPLESPercentage of a full cropper ct 18 PEARSPercentage of a full crop per ct 19 GRAPES Percentage of a full cropper ct 20 TOBACCOAcreageper ct 2i What condition per ct 22 What amount transplanted per ct 23 CLOVER AND GRASSESProspective yield compared with an averageper ctQUESTIONS FOR JUNE CROP REPORT Please write very plainly REMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES County Sign name here County Ilst offieCircular No 2 Fourth Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1892 RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JUNE 1 1892 jia Department of Agriculti Atlanta Ga June 10 189 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture GENERAL REMARKS Thegrowth of all the crops has been greatly retarded for the want of a general rain In Southern Georgia in many localities the drought lasted from four to six weeks CORN The condition of this crop is better than at the same time last year while the effect of the drought has been to make the crop backward the plant as a rule is in a healthy condition and with good seasons will grow off rapidly COTTON The reduction in the acreage devoted to this crop has been emphasized by correspondents In the State the stand compared with an average is 88 and the condition 88 OATS More than any other this crop has felt the effect of thedry weather and in many places spring sowed is reported as being almost a total failure WHEAT The yield of wheat will be the largest for many years In addition to an increased acreage the season has been propitious and but little injury has been done by the rust RICE We note an increase of 4 per cent in the acreage devoted to this crop The condition is about an average MELQNS The more Southern counties that grow melons for shipment report an increased acreage while those further north report a large reduction In the State the acreage is 11 per sent less than that of last year ERU1T The forecast of a large yield of peaches made in ur last report is verified by this and the yield will be much larger than for a number of years The grape prospect is good but that of apples and pears not so favorable2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TOBACCO The drought prevented the transplanting of a large number of experimental acres in this crop but notwithstanding this the area planted is much larger than heretofore The following table shows the condition of the principal crops compared with an average with prospective yield of grain compared with average a a S 3 j J 7S O 2 3 go o o O Q o o North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia Southeast Georgia Easl ieorgia State 96 m 911 96 i 96J 94A 92 90 99J 88 m 95J 86 84 68 871 91 84 854 90 85 88 J 82J NOTES FROM CORESPONDENTS 100 94 95 96J NORTH GEORGIA BanksThe wheat crop where land has been properly prepared is the finest for twentylive years Clover and grasses are exception ally fine Cotton injured by cold weather BarlowHail in this section did considerable damage on the 22d of May compelling some farmers to replant in places Some bottomland for corn still implanted Season for getting perfect stand was very favorable and stand good until injured by hail CatoosaAcreage in tobacco very small too much rain no summer yet crops backward Ohattooga The cool weather has had a damaging effect on grow ing crops particularly cotton and corn Some preparation for tobacco but little transplanted For a few weeks during the season the weather was warm and favorable to the germination of cotton consequently the young plants had a vigorous and healthy appear ance and were free from the depredating insects which usually appear This condition was reduced by the cold weather which followed CherokeeWheat looking well some rust Stand of corn and cotton good The cool weather however has made crops some what backward Farmers are well up with their work OobbIn some sections of the county damaged by frost on the lowlands corn damaged by bud worms oats suffering for rain DadeAcreage in wheat corn and grasses much larger than for last few years Farmers in this section show a very strong dispo sition to raise more wheat and the grasses Less cotton planted 110SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1892 than for years Frost on the 24th and 25th checked the growth of plants but did no material damage Hail storm in Southern portion of the county on the 22d did considerable damage to gardens and small plants DawsonCold weather has greatly retarded crops in some sec tions of the county Frost on the 24th killed corn beans peas etc The injury clone by the cold weather would be greatly allayed by rain and warm weather Fall oats poor stand spring good FloydThere is a good stand of corn but two weeks late Cold weather almost amounting to frost has caused bud worms to destroy a good deal of it The stand of oats is good but short and will be troublesome to cut Wheat bids fair to turn out well is free from rust and otherwise promising Cotton is a perfect stand and until the recent cold snap looked better than ever before at this time of the year The season has been fine for Irish potatoes Peaches are shedding badly also apples and pears Cool damp weather has been the making of clover and grass Stock in good condition ForsythCold weather has injured the cotton prospect Hail on the 22d and frost on the 24th Corn injured by bud worms to some extent The farmers of this section having decided to raise their supplies at home or as much as possible are going in debt less than usual FranklinCrops are late on account of the cool weather Frost on the 24th and 25th injured tender vegetation Corn was dam aged by the bud worms during the cool weather Wheat is better than it has been for years Oats are looking fine The farmers are working to make home selfsustaining Several farmers in the county have from five to ten acres in tobacco it is in a small meas ure taking the place of cotton GordonWheat looks better than for years some rust but the prospect for a full crop is good Cotton late corn good GivinnettGood stand of corn and cotton in a greater part of the county In some localities the cold weather has caused cotton to die The crops have been worked over the first time but on account of cold dry weather are not growing off rapidly Bees for some cause are not storing honey as heretofore HabershamNo rust on grain cold weather has retarded the growth of plants tobacco being transplanted HullCotton and corn ten days late on account of the cold weather but with favorable wreather no serious damage will be done Some localities have had plenty of rain in others oats and Irish potatoes are suffering for the need of it Farmers are paying more attention to horticulture and with better results than ever before HaralsonBut little rust on wheat or oats Cotton was looking well until the recent cold weather and with good seasons no great injury has been clone Corn crop planted late on bottom lands HartMost too dry for oats Inconsequence of the late spring and cold weather all crops are backward On May 24th there was a light frost in low places Ill4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA MadisonThe corn crop is larger in this county than has been for years Very good stand and looking well Cotton is not so good the weed is very small and great many farmers complaining oi stand Cool nights and dry winds make the weed look sick Wheat crop is very good throughout the county Oats needing rain r fall sowing good spring sowing not so good MurrayFarmers in this section are generally up with their work Working over corn the second time and chopping out cotton The acreage in cotton has fallen off fifty per cent Season favorable Paulding Crops a little late Cotton looking very bad A large portion of the county visited by hail on the 22d of May followed by cold weather with some frost The area in wheat small but the prospect good The farmers are working harder and buying less on credit than any time in twenty years IirkensWe have had four seasons for crops in coming up espe cially cotton A little too much rain for wheat and some cold nights for cotton On the morning of May 24th the thermometer registered 40 with frost on lowland but little damage clone Fruit of all kind holding on splendidly Local hailstorms have done some damage to all kinds of tender vegetation Polk w nsThe season is very late cold although April and May We had frost as late as the 23d of May but no damage done The farmers are well up with their work and taking more interest in farming and stock raising than heretofore Stock of all kinds look well UnionWe had frost on the 23d of May but njo damage done WalkerCorn generally a good stand but smallfand yellow from the effects of cold nights Cotton a good stand but looks badly Timothy and red top look well Clover very poor will not make half crop Peaches plentiful apples and pears half crop WhiteOn May the 24th frost killing some vegetation and injur ing all growing crops Quite a per cent of the fruithas already fallen and if the cold weather continues much longer a great deal more will fall WhitfieldCold dry windy weather damaging all crops except wheat MIDDLE GEORGIA Baldwm Corn is small but looks well and in fine condition Cotton just up The wheat and oat crop is better than for several years past The droughts in Aprilhave greatly retarded all crops In some localities not enough rain falling to bring seed up Fruit crop abundant BMVerj little rain in two months injuring the oat crop Cold has retarded the growth of all vegetation Potatoes have been transplanted and a good crop is expected plants looking well CampbellOur people are becoming aware of the fact that rais ing so much cotton is suicidal and are diversifying their crops Labor has been more plentiful than for five years Ctiuse less 112SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1892 cotton and more grain The cold dry weather has made the crops very backward in many places not enough rain to bring cotton up Corn has been damaged by the bud worm on the bottom land Wheat is better than for many years Oats not so good on account of drought CarrollMay has been very dry in all the county except the western portion greatly damaging oats Wheat good and no rust Corn small Fruit crop promises an abundant yield Gardens and potato patches dried up ClaytonContinued dry weather has injured crops very much Cotton coming up slowly affected by the cold weather and hail stand very imperfect Work well advanced considering the condi tion which was left baked and hard in many places by the early rains Columbia Oats injured by drought spring oats almost a total failure Crops generally very irregular caused by bad stand at the start Corn is smaller than usual growing well at this time Cot ton is free from grass but looking badly from recent cool weather causing lice and cutworms Coweta The dry weather continues with little prospect of ram each day giving evidence of the necessity of early planting of corn cotton and gardens and of thorough preparation and thorough cul tivation Corn is very small owing to drought and cool weather and for some cause cotton is small but clean Farmers have had but little use for extra labor Wheat and oats very good compared to the last five years DouglasCool nights have made the crops backward Some frost enough to see the effect on cotton and potatoes Corn injured by bud worms oats very short on account of dry weather ElberLThis county has been very dry have not had a good rain since the 6th of April Partial showers in different parts of the county always followed by high winds that would dry the moisture out of the ground immediately Corn small and irregular in size some lands hard to get a stand being killed by bud worms field well cultivated and free from grass Outcome hopeful with good rains in near future Cotton stand with the exception of red lands and late planting very good The cultivation of fields excellent but the weed small Oats suffered for rain and the yield will be small Fall oats really injured and spring oats nearly ruined Wheat is low and irregular but is filling well FayetteOwing to the cold and dry spell of weather corn is small for the time of the year but seems to be in a healthy condition and has much improved since the recent rains the late rains have also improved the stand of cotton Farm stock in fair condition and the farmers hopeful QreeneThe spring has been so cold and dry that all crops are backward cotton stand poor and dying from the effect of the cool nights Corn stand good but very small bud worms bad a good season would stop them The acreage in cotton is at least one 1136 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA third off The acreage in corn has been increased about onefourth ball oats have been cut off one half by the drought Spring oats are an entire failure HancockThe low per cent of crop condition reported is due to the very dry weather Cotton in many places not yet up in the south western portion of the county the crops have secured the benefit of partial showers and in the northwestern part it has been entirely dry We have had only two nights in three weeks warm enough for cotton corn also needs warm weather Farmers are well up with their work r Harris The growth of all vegetation has been very much re tarded by theprotracted drought Pastures are becoming poor and cattle not doing so well Corn is small but has a good color Stand ol cotton poorer than we have had for years Have just had a good rain which will cause a great improvement in all crops Wheat is very good and free from rust some sav the best we have had in ten years Fall oats very good in some parts of the county but gener ally the crop has been injured by the drought Spring oats very poor n J HeardSix weeks of dry weather has been fatal to upland oats the same cause makes a stand of cotton late Irish potatoes also oft on account of dry weather Many apple trees that were full fast year did not bloom this year wheat good but area small Farmers well up with their work HenryNo rain in six weeks except light showers corn small but good stand oats very poor JasperCorn small but in good condition growth checked by dry weather when first up More wheat sown than usual yield per acre better than for ten years heads full and grains plenty More attention is being paid to grasses and forage crops JonesThis section is dry having had only a few light showers since the 2Uth of March the corn and cotton is consequently small it is however free from grass and weeds Cool weather has also re tarded growth Oat stubble will be very largely planted in peas as a forage and renovating crop LincolnThe season has been too cool and dry for crops to grow We had a considerable frost on the 24th which makes young cot ton look sickly Oats heading very slowly Early corn was injured by bud worms Wheat good but small acreage sown McDuffieSpring oats a failure on account of drought fall sown above an average crop temperature below normal and cut worms fcaye injured the stand on gray lands poor stand on all red land MertwetherOats are very much injured by dry weather wheat is good I he dry weather has retarded the growth of all vegetation As to cultivation crops are in fine condition MonroeEms have been partial hits were cut off by drouth borne localities still suffering for rain ground dry and in clods hard to work T 114SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1892 7 MorganThe severe drought has affected every crop much of the cotton is not up and cannot come up until we have rain NewtonBoth cotton and corn are set back at least fifteen days by the late cool weather Cotton seems to have grown but little if any in ten days Corn perhaps partially from drought is quite small and of poor color Have not had one half inch of rain fall in this section in six weeks OglethorpeGood rains in some sections very dry in others The cold weather has retarded the growth of vegetation cotton and corn both small Corn looks healthy and well in some localities but unhealthy in others Cut worms very destructive in some places Wheat is ripening and will soon be ready to cut small grain needing rain spring oats heading very low PikeThe month of May has been dry and cool spring oats considerably cut off fall oats and wheat are free from rust but not all on account of dry weather heads are full corn small but in good condition The Irish potato crop generally damaged by dry weather Farmers generally up with their work RochdaleThe oat prospect has fallen off considerably on account of dry weather cool nights retarded the growth of cotton Corn small but healthy some complaint of bud worms SpaldingOwing to drought and cool weather our corn is far beyond the average in size cotton rather small but healthy ground in good condition and well worked and when rain comes plants will grow rapidly Taliaferro TalbotWe have had a continued drought in this section for nearly eight weeks some partial light showers only Cotton and corn behind one month poorest stand since 1845 Spring oats almost a total failure fall about half a crop Peach trees that are healthy have a full crop but yellows have killed many this spring Too dry for gardens and forage crops TroupWe have had an unusual temperature during the month particularly at night During April and May there was but little rain on account of this have a very poor stand of cotton and corn very backward Oats except fall oats nearly a complete failure UpsonCotton looks very bad on account of cold and dry weather corn late but looks very well wheat is good with but little rust peach prospect extra good apple moderate WaltonCorn small bud worms very destructive on bottom lands Cool nights and windy weather have retarded the growth of cotton oats injured by the drought Fall oats about half a crop spring oats almost a complete failure Wheat has rust on blades but with favorable weather not sufficient to damage crops WarrenAverage of cottoji has fallen off ten per cent Corn is small but healthy and in good condition Spring oats are a failure on account of dry weather fall oats fair Harvesting oats and wheat wheat fine crops clean and farmers well up with their work 115 S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA WilkesCorn small bud worms caused much replanting Cot ton ten days late stand on gray land good on red land poor Oats almost ruined by dry weather Lice have proven destructive to poultry this spring young chickens and turkeys died by hundreds SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerVery little rain has fallen in this county since the 2th day of March Oats not half a crop cotton imperfect stand and very irregular in size There will be about one hundred acres in Cuban tobacco most of it set out and growing finely Bt rrienWeatherfor experiment in tobacco unfavorable Where a stand has been secured it is doing well About 200 acres planted in this section BrookCorn suffering for rain Oats many too low to cut We are having a serious drought CalheunNo rain in this section for over two months except on May 9th which was not enough to allow farmers to break land Want of rain retarded the growth of all vegetation and delayed getting a good stand of cotton We have one market gardener in this county he is now selling fine cabbage onions beets squashes and cucumbers in Albany Atlanta and Dawson Labor plentiful ChattahoocheeHave had very little rain since the latter part of March and crops are small and backward Cotton infested with lice Owing to want of rain cotton except early is rather small A good rain would greatly increase the crop prospect ColquittWe are in the midst of a serious drought which threat ens to cut short the corn crop But little rain has fallen since the crop was planted All other crops are suffering also but in not such immediate danger CrawfordCorn is small on account of dry cool weather also bad stand and much complaint of cut and bud worms The drought is now at an end and the prospect is better DecaturThe cold dry weather has injured all crops in the county Spring oats almost a complete failure Corn small and budworm has broken the stand Cotton fifteen days late Six thousand acres of tobacco will be grown in Decatur county this year only five hundred acres last year DoolyCotton the poorest prospect in twenty years A very poor stand on account of the drought and cold weather Oats fallsown medium those sown in the spring almost a failure Sugar cane very late but good stand Peanuts all planted but none up vet too dry DoughertyIn some portions of the county there has not been ram enough to bring up late plantingof cotton In fact there has not been rain in some localities since the 25th of March and fully fiftv per cent of the cotton did not come up until the 10th of May EarlyDry dry dry Cotton poor stand and backward Corn 116SUPPLEMENTAL CHOP REPORT1892 small but looks well All crops well worked Sugar cane perfect stand but needs rain Oat crop short from drought HoustonDry April injured oats badly Cotton came up irreg ularly at least fifty per cent came up after the rains on the 7th of May The cool weather the latter part of that month caused it to turn yellow Corn at least ten days late IrwinWe are very dry Crops looking well considering the drought LeeThe cotton has suffered from lice in consequence of cool weather The stand is good but is at least a month later than usual Corn has suffered for rain but light showers towards the latter part of May have brought it out some The soil for all crops meeds good soaking rains as there is not enough moisture below the surface much of the chemical fertilizer remaining as dry as when it was at first put in the ground LoivndesToo dry for tobacco seed beds a failure MarionOnethird of the county has had no rain since March very dry Potatoes not growing and many not transplanted yet MillerOwing to continued drought some cotton not up Oats very short No rain to put out tobacco plants and sweet potatoes Crops that are up are well worked MuscogeeThere has been such a small quantity of rain that there is not a good stand of corn or cotton There is a disposition on the part of the farmers here to raise home supplies QuitmanCotton affected with lice on account of April drought The stand is irregular and uneven Rain has made a wonderful improvement in spring oats RandolphWe have had a six weeks drought which seriously damaged the oat crop The drought ended May 16th Fifty per cent of the cotton has come up since that day All crops small Corn in fine fix StewartWe have had a six weeks drought which caused a fail ure of spring oats Stand of cotton good but late coming up Corn is small but looks well SumterWe have had a good rain in nearly every part of the county which will improve the condition of the crops after the long drought Cotton covered with lice Taylor Farmers well up with their work Labor doing splen didly TerrellWheat is better than it has been for years about all harvested Oats very poor Cotton in most sections of our county failed to come up on account of the drought what is up and chopped out is full of lice Corn looks well but small Plenty of labor WebsterThe late cool spell has given the crops a backset Far mers are not very hopeful of making anything but a mere living and are economizing more than ever WilcoxFifty per cent of the cotton crop is three weeks late on account of dry weather Corn small for the season but not mate rially injured10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA EAST GEORGIA BurkeAll crops backward on account of drought More interest in provision crops and stock this year than usual JeffersonTobacco planted here for the first time Cool nights of the past two weeks have retarded the growth of both cotton and corn Johnson Owing to the use of less guano cotton very small about twenty per cent less acreage LaurensThe area in cotton being reduced farmers are paving more attention to the production of food crops for both man and beast MontgomeryCorn is rather small but color good and growing very well lor the seasons Cotton is 15 days late PulaskiCrop generally clean and well worked Some sections have had good rains others only partial showers RichmondCorn has good color but is remarkably small for the time of year ScrevenFew sweet potatoes have been set out on account of dry weather Fruit of all kinds promises an abundant yield Farmers will be up with their work and crops clean TatnallGood prospect for fruit crop Crops generally in good condition Farmers working hard and economizing TelfairCrop condition has improved since last report Cotton planted since that date is a perfect stand Corn rather small but looking well WashingtonThis is the first year that tobacco has been planted here to any extent It looks well The patches are small but many of them Crop generally well worked A large per cent of the crop is late due to spring drought WilkinsonFarm work well advanced Dry weather has caused all crops to be small Corn looking well SOUTHEAST GEORGIA CamdenOwing to a drought crops in some parts of the State badly injured CharltonCotton stand in this county very poor on account of dry weather Corn looking well considering the drought ChathamOat crop fine but to some extent injured by the dry weather Rice not all planted Corn inferior on account of dry weather ClinchOat crop almost a failure in consequence of the drought from which all crops have suffered CoffeeCorn is the leading crop here this season Sugar cane a perfect stand Fruit damaged by late frost EffinghamCrops very backward on account of dry weather Plants small but seemingly healthy GlynnCrops looking very well Rain needed very much Grass hoppers destroying small plants 118SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1892 11 LibertyStands irregular and broken Fields clear of grass and well cultivated MclntoshThe early spring weather was too cool for the rapid growth of plants and the crops are all backward on this account and that of the drought PierceCrop very small and backward all over the county caused by the drought WareOats badly damaged by drought 25 per cent more area in corn 30 less in cotton MONTHLY TALK WITH THE FARMERS 1 have travelled recently over a large part of the State addressing the farmers in the interest of intensive and progressive agriculture and explaining the relations of this department to them and to their work I was most favorably impressed with the promising condition of the CORN CROP Where the proper fertilizer has been used and in sufficient quantities and the work has been rapid and thorough the result is most gratifying All through Southern Georgia the dark waving fields of this grain give promise of an abundant yield THE OAT CROP Except on very fertile land or where on poorer land a liberal ap plication of lot manure or suitable commercial fertilizers has been used will not amount to more than half a crop This is due in some measure to the long drouth Wherever the crop has been sowed in the fall or early winter and the former is undoubtedly the most favorable time for sowing arid where the land has been well prepared the contrast is so marked that no thinking man witnessing the vast difference would ever again take the risk of sowing in the spring or on unmanured land Even with all the dry weather which has prevailed to an alarming degree for eight or nine weeks in the middle and Southern portions of the State this crop when sowed in the fall and well manured will give most satisfactory results while the spring sowing and that on un manured land will actually scarcely pay for the plowing necessary to put in the seed With this object lesson meeting us on every side why should we continue the attempt to grow crops on land that past experience has shown will scarcely pay for the work put upon it Oats is the very best and cheapest crop we can grow In hot weather there is no food for horses or mules that equals it and with the same attention that we give to other food crops it can be made as surely Had the seasons been favorable this year the yield of oats on rich or fertilized lands would have been immense When the oats are housed sow 100 pounds phosphate to the acre and then sow 11912 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PEAS With favorable seasons you can mow the peas and have thousands of pounds of good wholesome forage and in addition have gained a large supply of nitrogen stored in your land for future use also a stubble which being turned under to decay renders more friable soils which have in many cases been long and exhaustively culti vated in cotton A proper proportion of the light lands of South Georgia planted in these crops would make enough to supply the demands of all the towns in that section as well as the farmers themselves and this plan would soon relieve much ofthe disappointment and suffering which the one crop system entails Both oats and peas are easily and cheaply made and merit our best attention The reduction of the acreage in COTTON Amounts in some cases to 50 per cent but this large reduction is however only noticeable in individual instances the general re duction being only about half this figure The stand in many localities is imperfect owing to the hard and dry condition of the land Where stands were obtained early the plants are healthy and growing well The long dry spell has given the farmers ample time to work their crops thoroughly and it is an exceptional case where this has not been done THE CATTLE AND SHEEP INDUSTRY Is not receiving the attention and care which its importance merits Our people are losing interest because the ranges are not so good as formerly As the country grows older and the popula tion increases and the lands are cleared and cultivated we find that it is necessary to make preparation for sheltering and feeding stock during a part of each year The trouble and expense of keeping the cattle together ami housing them during the cold months is amply paid for in the improved condition of the stock and the saving of large quantities of valuable manure Cotton seed hulls are socheap that by feeding them with a very small quantity of cotton seed meal cattle can be kept at a small cost and the manure is rich in all the elements needed by our starved lands THE FRUIT CROP Will be abundant and in all those sections where care and in telligent attention are given to the orchard and vineyard and where the facilities for shipping are good there will soon be abundant and remunerative work for every one These large sums of money put into circulation at a season when we have little else to sell and when the stringency of the money market is being keenly felt will do much to give renewed impulse and vigor to trade The small grain crops will also soon be in and sour in North Georgia the ripening heads admonish us that extra work and un 120SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPORT1S92 13 remitting care are necessary to tide over this critical and important period This next month will settle thefate of all present crop and we should lose no opportunity of forwarding the work which if neglected now can never be done THE WHEAT CHOP Is unusually fine and will help us to bridge over the season when money is usually so hard to obtain Although this crop sometimes fails the land is left in improved mechanical conditions and this is another reason why we should give more attention to all small grain crops We have many advantages of soil and climate but to insure success in our work requires intelligent and persistent energy a proper system of labor an abandonment of the one cropsystem We should diversify our crops plant smaller areas in cotton and make it bring more to the acre Let us profit by our past misfortunes and disappointments and prepare our farmers to meet these needed reforms Unless we abandon the policy of re lying on one crop to meet every expense of the farm our case is a hopeless one On the other hand diversity of crops holds out the hope 6f prosperity and plenty R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture TOBACCO As mentioned in the last report of the Department a larger acreage in the State than ever has been planted in tobacco In the October crop report of last year an article on its culture and cure was published but as features necessary to its successful growth present themselves at this season we again call attention to them It has been said by those familiar with the cultivation of tobacco that any one who can raise good cabbage ought to know how to cultivate tobacco as the cultivation is very similar Cultivation should begin soon after planting and should be rapid and thorough To delay in this not only endangers the yield but lowers the quality of the tobaGCO When the land has been thor oughly prepared three plowings followed with the hoe will be sufficient When the soil is removed from around the plant by scraping down it should be replaced otherwise should the working be followed by a drought the life of the plants would be endangered and their growth retarded As soon as the plants have takan root the hoe should be used to loosen the soil around themit being generally not necessary if the ground has been well prepared to use the plough at this working to loosen up the soil The use of the plough will not however be amiss and weuld be essential should the soil be too stiff to loosen up with the hoe Clean culture is necessary to properly develop the plant and it is immaterial with what implement it is done so long as the soil is 12114 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA well stirred and the plants kept free from grass and weeds On the subject of the best implements to be used Major R L Ragland of Hyco Va who is considered a standard authority on the cultiva tion of tobacco says For the first ploughing no implement is better than the wingcoulter the next best the cultivator or double shovel with coulter points The second ploughing may be effect ually lone with the turning plough or cultivator if grassy use the first The last ploughing is most effectuallydone with three fur rows with the single shovel a furrow on each side then splitting the middle with the third and last furrow It is very important that a good stand should be secured as early as by the last of June after that time plants set out are very uncer tain In cultivating the Yellow types it is essential that the crop should bo cleared of grass and weeds before the last of July after that tune the plough should not be used though until the leaves commence to grow it may be cleaned with the hoe Ploughing after tin last of July will delay the ripening of the plants and makes early cultivation of the greatest importance When the plants develop slowly and it becomes necessary to hasten ripening that frost may be escaped any good fertilizer may be applied around the plants and earth scraped upon the fertilizer around the top of the hills WORMING The ravages of the horn worm are very damaging to the crop and when the worms appear in large numbers it is very difficult to pre vent injury from being done On this subject Major Ragland sa ys Many devices have been resorted to inorderto lessen the number and mitigate the ravages of the horn worm but the lack of general and continued efforts from year to year has brought only partial relief Some years they come in great numbers and despite the best efforts of the planter seriously damage his crop Perhaps the next year they are few and give him no trouble It is the nature of this insect to raise at least two broods during the year The hawktooth or tobaccofly usually makes his appearance in Virginia in the month of May The eggs deposited by the first moths hatch out in from five to seven days larvae or worms The worm beds its outer skin twice before it gets its growth The grow ing stage of the worm lasts from twentyfive to thirty days and after it has attained its growth it gorges itself a few days longer and then crawls or burrows in the ground where it soon passes into the pupa state and after some twentythree or twentyfive days from the time of its crawling into the ground the pupa sends forth a moth to lay more eggs and hatch out moreworms Each moth is capable of laying on an average two hundred eggs So that for every moth in May we may reasonably expect at least one hundred worms of the first brood and if none of these are destroyed but all allowed to change to moths and these latter to raise a horde of worms what wonder that the second brood sometimes appears in 122SUPPLEMENTAL CROP REPOET1S92 15 such countless numbers as to defy all efforts to destroy them before they have ruined the crop Every moth ought to be destroyed as they appear and this may be done to great extent by injecting a few drops of sweetened Cobalt which is a poison into the flowers of the Petunia Honeysuckle or Jamestown Jimpson weed which will give them their linal quietus But this hunt for the moth is mot general and if it were some would escape But if every planter would wage a war of extermination on the first brood of worms unfortunately a thing rarely donethey would never appear in such unconquerable hordes later in the season PRUNING AND TOPPING On the subject of pruning there is a great deversitv of opinion The operation consists in pulling off the lower leaves which are generally useless Topping is doneit consists in plucking off the seed bud and adjacent small leaves On the subject of gathering and curing wc will have something to say at that season THE HORN FLY In some portions of Southern Georgia last year cattle were very much annoyed and their condition reduced by the ravages of a small fly about onehalf the size of the house fly which it resem bles in general appearance In Virginia this fly is known as the Horn Fly or Buffalo Gnat The latter name has become current under the misapprehension that the fly is identical with the south ern buffalo gnat of the Mississippi valley However the injury done by the horn fly is not to be compared to that of the southern buffalo gnat and indeed there may be no fear of any imme diate danger to the life of stock For the benefit of those sections of the State infested with these pests we give several selections from the report of the Entomologist of the Department of Agri culture of the United States LIFE HISTORY The eggs are deposited during daylight chiefly between 9 a m and 4 p m and more particularly during the warm morning hours They are laid singly and usually upon their sides upon the sur face of wet dung the moment the latter is dropped So far as known they are laid upon no other substance and never when old The larvae upon hatching descend remaining however near the surface When they are grown they are about twofifths of an inch in length and of normal color and form The time elapsing from the egg to the adult is from ten to seventeen days averaging say two weeks and there are probably seven or eight generations annu ally Their winter habits have not been definitely defined Hi bernation doubtless takes place normally either as an adult around 12316 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA stables or as a pupanum below the surface of the ground The mes make their appearance in May becoming most abundant in July and gradually dwindling until sharp frosty nights become fre quent 1 he characteristic habit of clustering about the base of the horn is developed only when the flies are quite abundant When they average only one hundred or so to the animal comparatively few will be found on the horn Moreover the hornclustering habit seems to be more predominated early in the season than later The horns are not the only resting place as vast numbers cluster also upon the back between the head and foreshoulders where they can be reached by neither head nor tail In the feeding position the wings are slightly elevated and are held out from the body at an angle of 60 from the abdomen The legs are held out wildly and the beak inserted beneath the skin of the animal is held in nearly a perpendicular position The flv be fore inserting its beak works its way through the hair close to the skm but is able at a fling of the tail or an impatient turn of the head to rise instantaneously in flight settling back as quickly PREVENTIVE APPLICATIONS Almost any greasy substance will keep the flies awav for several clays Aniimberot experiments were tried in the field with the result that train oil with a little sulphur or carbolic acid added will keep the flies away for from five to six days while with a small proportion of carbolic acid it will have a healing effect upon sores which have been formed Train oil should not cost more than fifty to seventyfive cents per gallon and a gallon will anoint a number ot animals Common axlegrease costing ten cents a box will an swer nearly as well and this substance hasbeen extensively used lallow has also been used to good advantage The practice of smearing the horns with pine or coal tar simply repels tbeni from these parts Tram oil or fish oil seems to be more lasting in its ef fects than any of the other substances used HOW TO DESTROY THE LARVJE AYhere cattle are in the habit of congregating at one place in the pasture or on the range the larva may be destroyed by throwing a spadeful of lime on the cow dung It would pay to do this in May or June as every larva killed then represents the death of many flies during August This course will he found in many cases practical and of great avail and will often be an advantage to the pasture b 124SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 3 FOURTH SERIES QaestiQF for Jaly Grep Repert 92 Returnable July 1st 1892 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga June 20th 1892 Deak SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so as to reach this office by the first day of July AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 percent better or 10 per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi mate estimate leave the space blank Thanking you for previous reports I am Very respectfully R T NESBITT Commissioner of Agriculturel WHEATYield compared to average per ct 2 WHEATAverage yield per acrebushels OATSYield compared to average per ct I OATSAverage yield per acre CLOVER and GRASSYield compared to average per r i COTTONCompared to an average condition and prospect per ct 7 COKN per set k RICE per ct 9 TOBACCO per ct 10 S TOTATOES per ct 11 SUGARCANE per ct 12 MELONS per ct 13 PEACHES per ct 14 APPLE8 per ct 16 iUAlES per ctREMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES Sign Name Here County Post Office Circular No 3 Fourth Series j CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1892 RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JULY 1 1892 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga July 10 1S92 GENERAL REMARKS The weather for the growth of all crops has been propitious throughout nearly the entire State since the last crop report At this time however cotton in many sections is in danger of being greatly injured by too much rain and by grass Since the June rains crops have very much recuperated from the effect of the drouth and cold dry weather in the spring COTTON The outlook for a large yield per acre of cotton is not satisfactory In many sections good stands have not been secured and the crop is from ten to fifteen days late CORN The prospect for a good corn crop has materially increased since the last report General rains throughout the State have greatlv improved its condition Many localities where the outlook has been blue now report that a fair crop will be made WHEAT The reports on the yield per acre of wheat are very gratifying While a considerable portion of the crop remains unthreshed yet a sufficient quantity has already been threshed to form a fair esti mate of the average yield As shown by the tabulated statement the yield averages nine bushels per acre This is 3i bushels more than the most recent aecurate statistics on this subject com piled by the United States government OATS In North Georgia the oat crop has been unusually good In other sections of the State this crop suffered severely from the drouth The following tabulated statement gives a comprehensive view of the crop conditions and prospects in the State by sectionsConsolidated Crop Report for JuneBy Sections W o 21 H O l t Q W Q d f d f H O w o tI FteW Compared to Average Yield per an Average Acre a O Condition and Prospect Compared to an Average o O o O o H 5 j o 1 a to 3 gre 01 3 a Ph a S 3 North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia Average in State 103 96f 98 96 103J 821 08 80 68 80 9 n 9 8 17 15 12 12 13 m 88 83 90 83 86 93J 90 101 95 93 100 92 96 95 76 96 100 95 90 91 94 91 92i 95 93 92 96 97 85 100 80 99 72 94 81 90 75J 60 78 87 58 71 96 95 94 98 96 96JULY CROP REPORT1892 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksThe late heavy rains have damaged crops twenty per cent besides greatly injuring lowlands Early peaches are rotting BarlowPlenty of rain recently Crops growing rapidly and grass too If rain continues great injury will result CatoosaToo much rain in some sections of this county No plowing for two weeks Clover and grasses good Apples and grapes are rotting badly Cotton is small and late Wheat and oats fine Clmttooga The weather during June has been favorable to all crops and they are looking well Farmers are paying attention to clover and grasses Wheat has besn damaged in shock by continual wet weather Cotton stand imperfect Upland corn looks well but lowland corn drowned out CherokeeCrop cultivated well Corn especially fine Some sections suffer ing from excessive rains and high water CobbThe hail has injured cotton and corn in some sections of this county Are having too much rain BadeProspects for good crops in this county fine Wheat above an aver age but small acreage Large acreage of oats and crop fine DausonLowland cotton and corn are suffering from too much rain Should it continue much longer the result will be serious FloydCotton rather small but in good condition Forsyth Excessive rains have damaged corn crops greatly in the creek and river bottoms and land has been damaged by washing FranklinCorn on bottoms damaged by freshet Wheat and oats better than usual Upland corn fine Too much rain for cotton GordonCorn and cotton in the grass on aceount of too much rain Cotton acreage reduced fully twenty per cent The best wheat and oat crop for years GwinnettUpland corn fine Too much rain for bottom lands HeibershamAll corn on bottoms has been injured by the wet weather Crop generally looking well HallThe prospects for a large corn crop were flattering but on account of the overflowing of bottom lands a great deal of damage has been done Haralson The recent heavy rains have been very detrimental to crops es pecially to cotton HartHeavy rainfall for the past fifteen days almost every day Lumpkin Wheat very irregularsome places good others very poor Oats good but acreage small Very little cotton planted this year Upland corn good MurrayCotton small and in many instances no fertilizers having been used it will not do much Paulding Prospect very good for corn crop Also large acreage planted JickensCrops are generally in good condition with good stands though 127DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA all erops are from ten to fifteen days late Wheat and oats better than usual A good crop of all kinds of fruit RabunFarmers are getting badly in the grass on account of so much wet weather Very little plowing done for ten days UnionWe have had an unusual amount of rain this spring and farmers are very much behind with their work on account of the wet weather WalkerCotton in very poor condition May was too cold and dry to get a good stand yinte Heavy rains have done great damage during the past week to crops along the creeks and river It has washed away considerable wheat and oats and done much damage to meadows Upland crops looking well WhitfieldCotton late and poorly cultivated on account of too much rain in June Corn wheat and oats looking fine Weeds and grass now very em barrassing MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinCorn small owing to so little rain in April and May but has com menced to grow vigorously since the June rains Crops clear as a general thing BibbHave had but one rain in three months until about the 20th and since then have had plenty Crops are improving being clear and nothing to prevent them growing Heavy crops of peas and potatoes are being planted more peas than for years past and they look well If seasons remain good there will be an abundant supply of feed crops made BusUntil within the last few days crops have been retarded by dry weather Recent rains have been general over the county and the condition is improving Campbell Crops generally in good condition were well cultivated during the dry weather since an abundance of rain are growing finely The wheat has generally been threshed the yield fine and quality excellent Cotton prospect not so flattering area at least twenty per cent off Farm animals are better cared for than for many years CarrollThe general rains throughout the county have made the corn crop gain many points but grass has possession of much of the cotton and the plants are very small but healthy Have had several washing rains lately damaging corn and cotton ClarkeHave had copious showers since last report which taken together with warm weather has caused crops to grow off very rapidly Spring oats are being harvested and will yield more than any of the three preceding years Clayton The recent rains have caused the orops to improve rapidly Corn though small is doing very well and the outlook is good Although we have some grass think it will be prevented from doing any material injury Some sections however where the rain commenced early are how badly in the grass ColumbiaRain nearly every day for two weeks Corn fine Cotton is getting grassy Too much rain for cotton and melons 128JULY CROP REPORT1892 5 CowelaWe have been having copious showers for several weeks past and in some places washing rains There are a good number of blooded colts in the county of the trotting stock as fine as Kentucky can boast of DeKalbGood season for corn rather wet for cotton grass growing fast DouglasSince the last rains crops have greatly revived and are looking fine where they have been properly cultivated Elbert Corn prospect excellent With plenty of rain through July we will have an abundant supply for man and beast A great deal of the oat land hus been planted in corn and peas and promises an abundant yield The cotton crop may be reported as fairly good some of it looking well but a great many fields in the grass GreeneWe have had excessive rains in our county for the past ten or twelve days and very little work has been done in the crops since in conse quence of which they are getting grassy There is a full pea crop planted and the prospect is good Cotton not fertilized is small but is growing very fast and with late seasons will make a fair crop HancockCorn and cotton small but much improved by recent rains The melon crop is poor owing to the dry spring HarrisThe condition of crops has been very much improved by the recent rains On account of the drouth in the spring cotton and corn both small the latter however promises well HeardOwing to the long drouth in April and May cotton is small but at this time is doing well In the western part of the county crops are at least two weeks late HenryWheat nearly all threshed crop good Cotton growing finely but in bad conditionexcessive rains bring out the grass rapidly Corn doing well jasperThe ground at this report is wet deep Corn suffered from cool winds and dry weather but has improved very much since we had rain JonesCorn and cotton are smaller than an average but are clean of grass and have a healthy appearance We have now a good season and a consider able crop of late corn and peas has been planted The farmers of Jones will harvest the largest corn crop since the war if the season continues favorable Not much wheat or oats made in this county and a very few melons and po tatoes are raised for market LincolnWe are having an abundance of rain Land too wet to plow for days at a time so that crops cannot be properly worked which will cause the grass to get a start and having it to work out in July will cause material in jury especially to cotton If the season continues through July the corn crop will be very large Many farmers are planting their stubble fields in peas which promises to improve the land and to provide good food for hogs McDuffieSeasons through June very propitious for all crops Yield of wheat and oats better than anticipated Cotton is somewhat late but is look ing well MonroeCrops irregular Rains been few and far between and very par tial This is the easiest crop cultivated in years Corn has had one or two extra workings and is being laid by small but with good color and healthy stalk 1296 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA MorganDuring the past three weeks we have had abundant rains The last few days heavy washing rains and in some parts of the county wind blowing the corn down badly Should we have a good season from now to the 15th of July this county will make more corn than it will usea thing it has not done since the war Cotton is getting very grassy and will be injured some NewtonOn the 23d and 25th of June we had very heavy washing rain also wind damaging corn cotton fruit etc OconeeOur corn and cotton are looking fine Wheat the best in several years Fall oats good spring oats not so good OglethorpeVery little work has been done on the farm since the 17th of June Owing to continued rain the crops are all very much in the grass But little damage done by wind and hail Some grain damaged in the shock Farmers have economized lived harder and bought less than for many years PikeCrops are a little late Cool dry weather in May kept vegetation back Recent rains have caused it to take a new start Some farmers are well up with their work while there is considerable grass in some sections and a heavy season of rain to contend with SockdaleCorn is looking fine Cotton is beginning to fruit very well but very small In some localities crops have been damaged by excessive rains and grass is abundant TaliaferroFor last few days have had fine rains All crops looking well since rain small but will make fair crops if season continues TalbotRecent rains have greatly improved all crops still the prospect is below the average Much of the cotton is too fate to make a June crop To bacco and potato plants were set out late on account of dry weather More tobacco planted than for years Troup Corn and cotton have greatly improved since the last report though both are small owing to the drouth in the spring Oats seriously injured by the spring drouth Upson Owing to dry weather up to June 15th corn is much smaller than usual at this date but where properly cultivated has good color and with good season will do well WaltonThe heavy rains for the last ten or twelve days have greatly inter fered with farm work and in some localities heavy winds and some rain may possibly reduce the average Grass is also getting a strong hold and will injure the crops before they can be cleaned out WanenCrops have been cultivated with less labor up to date than for years past Owing to dry May grass seed did not come up A part of the county dry a larger portion rain plentiful in some localities excessive As a rule crops are in a fine condition WilkesHave had good seasons for ten days Grass beginning to be trouble some Condition favorable to fast growth of crops 130JULY CROP REPORT1892 7 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA ButlerLess rain fell here from April 1st to June 20th than any year since 1875 hence crops are very backward Plenty of rain now and the crop pros pect is improving BerrienClover and grass are receiving attention in Berrien county also tobacco A large crop of peas has been planted Fall crops were injured by the drouth Plenty of rain now BrooksAll crops vary throughout the county In portion of the county rain was more frequent and crops are unusually good For want of rain in some localities they are poor Early planted corn is very poor as it was seri ously injured by the drouth CalhounSpring oats on poor land almost a failure Fall oats better than an average Two weeks ago our section was very dry but since that time have had heavy and constant rains The corn crop has been well worked and is promising If the heavy rains continue cotton on sandy land will be injured It is small but the weed is healthy Chattahooche The crops have improved very much in the last ten days We are having fine rains at this time Corn and cotton very pooron hard stiff lands too late to make a crop without a very late suitable fall Fruit in abundance Farmers are very well up with their work labor plentiful and works well ClayCondition of crops generally good Cotton late and small especially where no fertilizers are used Corn small but looking well Owing to too much rain there is danger of cotton being injured by the grass ColquittVe have had fine rains recently which have greatly improved the crop prospect generally and especially the corn crop which was fast failing when the rains set in This crop is now assured with one or two more good showers CrawfordWe have had fine seasons for several days all over the county except a small area Raining too much now for cotton and it is feared that grass will injure the crop Corn has improved and the prospect is flattering The acreage in cotton is cut down 15 per cent Peas and groundpeas fine Decatur Good seasons at this time no rain to do any good until last week consequently all crops have suffered I00lyYery few acres of wheat sown all harvested and threshed very fine yield will be more sown next season Mr A J Fenn harvested thirtyfour bushels off of two acres Mr Jasper Lewis sixtyseven bushels off of three acres and a half Cotton very late though healthy good stand and in fair condition at least twenty days late caused from drouth Corn fair stand but very uneven and impossible to make a full crop Sweet potatoes rather back ward as the season was too dry for transplanting Sugar cane very late but plenty of time to make a good crop The stand is good The melon crop though not so much planted is ripening earlier not quite so large as usual but tine flavor Peaches plenty and healthy but rather small Late varieties may yet develop Apples an off year with many of the trees about half crop Grapes while few are grown are doing well and quite a number of vines are being set out lot8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA EarlyCorn has improved rapidly since the rain Up to the 1st of June it Jooked as though impossible for it to make more than half crop but if sea sons hold out there will be no need to ship corn to Early Cotton late and imperfect stand Cane stand good and in fine condition A large acreage planted in potatoes HoustonThe early drouth has been broken and with favorable seasons from now on the corn though injured by the long drouth will produce a large crop Cotton will be late but is improving and though small is clean of grass and weeds Experiments in tobacco where set out in time are looking well LeeCotton generally clean and looks healthy though later than last year Some localities have suffered for rain but have recently had rains Corn is not so good as last year but larger acreage planted and the yield will be as great More field peas planted than for a long time MaconCotton generally damaged by lice late planted by drouth Corn also injured by drouth Are having rain now but the showers have been partial MarionCrops generally very backward caused by the drouth The fine rains of the past ten days have had a fine effect and their condition is improv ing MillerHave been very dry until 11th instant plenty of rain since then and crops growing rapidly MitchellRain general for past few days just in time to make fair corn crop Cotton small and later than usual QaitmanCorn has been greatly injured for the want of rain Good rains have fallen the past week improving the condition of all crops Cotton is from fifteen to twenty days late The peach crop is about 75 per cent of a full crop The fruit is exceedingly fine Randolph Suffered with dry weather but are riow having too much rain for cotton and crops getting very grassy If rain continues two weeks cotton will be materially damaged Rice when planted on bottom land does finely in our section and upland rice might also do well SteuartCrops have suffered for want of rain but condition very much improved by recent showers and in some sections crops are looking well Sumter Fine season over entire county Cotton growing rapidly Melons ordinary and cheap All side crops such as peas sugar cane groundpeas sweet potatoes are doing well TerrellRains have been general throughout this section during the past week thereby increasing the prospects of all crops Corn peas potatoes and small grain have been planted in lieu of cotton in many places In some localities the corn and cotton will not recover from the effect of the drouth ThomasIn this county rains have been partial some sections having plenty and others comparatively none Webster Forty days drouth broken by general rain on the 25th of June Forward corn injured cotton poor stand small and unpromising Worth Plenty of rain at this time though the drouth up o the 13th in jured crops Condition rapidly improving Very little tobacco set out on account of drouth 132JULY CEOP REPORT1892 EAST GEORGIA BvllocliSeason for June good BurkeIf the wet weather continues many days longer the cotton crop will be greatly damaged Dodge Crops in excellent condition generally and seasons good EmanuelSince the spring drouth the season has been propitious in some localities excessive rains Taken altogether crops are in good condition and doing well JeffersonCrops of every kind have been greatly benefited by June rains Cotton in some localities is backward though generally in good condition All crops as a rule are free of grass and well cultivated JohnsonCorn was never better Crops generally clean Sugar cane short crop poor stand LaurensCorn crop flattering Cotton healthy and vigorous suffering some from grass All crops are looking well and farmers are working harder than ever MontgomeryCorn a large crop and very promising More rield peas being planted than for several years The unusually small acreage in cotton is im proving Crops of all kinds looking well PulaskiToo much rain for cotton and grass is growing rapidly which will injure the crop unless we have sunshine soon Considerable acreage planted in peas and groundpeas and promise a large yield upon these crops we rely for fattening pork RichmondCotton has come out wonderfully in the last three weeks So will corn but corn will tassel very low TatnallCotton is remarkably small for the season It shows the effect of cold dry spring and light fertilizing TelfairSeasons rather wet rain every day for the past ten days land too wet to work and cotton in the grass Corn is about laid by and is looking fine TwiggsAbundant rains this monthnow almost excessive WashingtonFine seasons Rains general in the county More field peas planted than usual In some localities too much rain SOUTHEAST GEORGIA BryanThe prospect now is good A heavy rainfall came just as corn was shooting and the season continues propitious CamdenThe weather here has been exceedingly dry this summer and has injured the grape crop but has not affected corn rice and sweet potatoes where properly cultivated Recent rains seem to be general and outlook more favorable CharltbnJune rains caused a marked improvement in corn and if seasons continue favorable will be above an average The drouth in April and May caused the cotton stand to be very poor though the plants are looking well ChathamTrucking season has closed leaving truckers far from satisfied with general results About onehalf of the potatoe crop was disposed of at 1 25 to 275 per barrel in the Eastern market After deducting freight 13310 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA wharfage charges and commission very little was left to pay for seed rent fertilizer cultivation etc Having heavy rains daily Corn crap very fine ClinchThe long drouth in this section was ended with good rains June 1st and all crops are improving Corn planted late will make an average crop CoffeePlenty of rain since June 20th Crops are doing well Corn has been cut off some by drouth but will make an average crop EffingJiamEarly planted corn suffered much for want of rain but the rain came in time to prevent serious falling off in crop prospects Sweet potatoes promising and a large acreage planted OlynnWe are having plenty of rain and a good season for crops generally LibertyThe recent rains came just in time to save crops of all kinds ex cept oats which were very much injured MclnloshWe are having fine showers now and corn cane and upland rice are looking well PierceThe recent rains have very much improved the condition of all crops Early corn is cut off some by the drouth but late corn is fine and there will be a large yield Potatoes and sugar cane were never better Early mel ons cut off by the long drouth MONTHLY TALK WITH FARMERS Since the last report appeared the busy month of June has passed and in most sections of the State seasonable rains have fallen at such convenient intervals that the cultivation of the crops has been carried on with great success and as a rule they are in most satis factory condition Where the lands are naturally good or have been made so by renovating crops and the application of suitable fertilizers and where to this condition is added a deep and thor ough preparation and skillful and rapid cultivation the promise of an abundant yield cheers the struggling toiler CORN ANU SMALL GRAIN The price of cotton as a rule so far below the cost of production has hampered and depressed the agricultural interests to such a degree that in many instances a Herculean effort has been required in order to exercise the courage and energy so necessary to success But notwithstanding the discouragements and disappointments which this depressed condition of the cotton market entails the farmers have in most sections forged ahead and today except in portions of Southern and Eastern Georgia they are rewarded by fair small grain crops and exceptionally promising corn crops In 134JULY CROP REPORT1892 11 these excepted sections the Jong drouth has materially reduced the yield the rains coming too late to save these crops but in the greater portion of the State an abundant food supply is almost as sured And for this assurance we are indebted in a measure to the condition of the cotton market THE LOW PRICE OP COTTON has undoubtedly caused some changes in our farm management causing us to pay more attention to grain and forage crops In the course of a few years if we persevere in the line already inaugu rated instead of a few selfsustaining farms scattered here and there we will see them in every neighborhood and their influence will be felt over the whole State COTTON The plants are small for the season the result doubtless of a very dry and cold spring Another cause of the backward condi tion of this crop was the fact that many croppers were unable to secure the fertilizers which they would otherwise have used These facts coupled with the lessened acreage will render it impossible for us to make the large crop of last year and a sensible reduction of that crop may be expected in the fall As a rule however the stalk of the cotton is at present good and with favorable seasons during the maturing period we may realize a fair yield for the amount planted IMPROVING THE FARMS In the largest portion of the State the crops are beyond the help of the plow and the hoe and the work on this line which has not been accomplished must be left undone But we will now have a little leisure in which to put our farms in order Nothing speaks in louder tones of the thrift and prosperity of a country than the neat and well kept farm Unfortunately man of our farms have been sadly neglected since the war often from inability to secure the labor necessary to keep them up or if labor was abundant lack of funds so handicapped the farmer that he could not work to advan tage The result is that on many farms the buildings are falling into decay and the fences and division lines are overrun with briars and bushes detracting much from otherwise attractive homes If we expect to keep our children at home and away from the demor alizing and epervating influences of the city we must determine to 135 n12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA make some needed changes and improvements A paling nailed on here and there a coat of whitewash applied to outbuildings and fences a few hours or perhaps days devoted to necessary repairs do not cost much and add one hundred per cent to the value of each farm BUILDING UP THE LANDS Another matter which should engage our serious attention is the building up and permanent improvement of our lands Under the ruinous tenant system much land originally good has become so depleted and exhausted of all vegetable matter as to render its cul tivation exceedingly hazardous and unsatisfactory Under this sys tem the plan has been to apply highly concentrated fertilizers in the drill and of course the crop must be kept free of all vegetable growth The same land has been planted continuously in the same crop and is it any wonder that after a few years the soil is exhausted and peculiarly liable to suffer from drouth or any extremes in weather conditions It has required perhaps seventy years to elim inate the food properties from our soil but we have exhausted it and while this is a most discouraging proposition we must face it and bring every means at our command to meet and overcome it By perseverance and energy I believe this can be done and we should do it ourselves and not permit strangers to absorb the inher itance for which our energetic and fearless forefathers struggled Our farms are our banks and we should manage our deposits in such a way as to meet some unexpected demands for it is in farm ing perhaps more than any other business that the unexpected is always happening Notice for instance that on the 3346320 acres planted in cotton in 1891 we raised the usual average of about a bale to three acres but at what fearful loss to the producers After a years toil and a heavy outlay of money the price lacked several thousand dollars of paying the expenses of the crop And those who depended on this crop alone were in most cases left with only the bare fields to remind them of their fatal mistake Until we have a greater diversity and a rotation of crops better preparation and more thorough cultivation there will be little improvement Now that the crops are about laid by let me urge upon you to begin if only on a small scale to supply the loss which has been going on for so many years I understand the grave difficulties of the situation I realize that in many cases it is with the utmost difficulty that the seed for renovating crops and 136JULY CROP REPORT1892 IS the necessary fertilizer can be secured But if you can begin with only five acres set to work at once Broadcast 100 to 150 pounds of acid phosphate to the acre sow and turn under one bushel of peas If you have an abundance of forage turn this entke crop under in the fall If however you are compelled to save for stock feed cut it and then turn under the stubble Make another appli cation of phosphate in September and then sow rye one bushel to the acre If the spring proves favorable you will get two cuttings of forage for stock and mules In May put this land in either corn or cotton and you will be surprised at the result of one seasons efforts in restoring fertility to your exhausted soil A few years devoted to work on this line will compensate you for what may now appear a very unnecessary waste of time labor and money The land will increase in value and you will be encouraged by vastly superior and remunerative crops I trust you will consider these suggestions and act upon them We have an incomparable climate and can raise within the borders of our own State every thing necessary to support man and beast Let us utilize these blessings and build up our homes and our country R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture In the June report I particularly called attention to the impor tance of sowing peas but by a typographical oversight it was omitted R T N 137 m14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TOBACCO IN THE WIREGRASS SECTION On the 2d of July through the courtesy of General Manager Lane of the Georgia Southern and Florida Railroad a large num ber of farmers from the counties of Bibb Houston Dooly and Ir win were given a pleasant trip and an interesting and advantageous object lesson in the cultivation of tobacco The experiments in tobacco culture that are being made and conducted at Cyclo neta by the Railroad Company and at Tifton by Colonel H H Tift are of so extensive a character that a thorough and efficient test will be made as to the adaptability of soil to type And by the enterprise of the company and of Colonel Tift the question whether in the wiregrass section of Georgia tobacco can be profitably and successfully grown will be answered That the soil is well adapted to tobacco is answered by a look at the vigorous growth and healthy appearance of the plants that cover sixtyfive acres To this also is added the testimony of the experts who have charge of the work Upon the quality of the tobacco largely depends the profit and the conclusive answer as to what this will be can only be given after the crop has been cured On this point however those familiar with the plant agree that there is every evidence that it will equal the best types of Virginia and North Carolina AT CYCLONETA At Clycloneta nine acres have been planted embracing the fol lowing varieties Hester Long Leaf Gouch and Havana Not withstanding the drouth in the spring which retarded and rendered setting out the plants difficult the crop is all that could be asked from the tobacco lands of Virginia and North Carolina Through the fields the visitors were accompanied by Mr Fletcher Paschal who has charge of the work Mr Paschal kindly answered all questions as to preparation of seed beds transplanting cultivation topping suckering worming etc practically demonstrating how a greater part of this labor was performed and the color a pale green at which the leaves must be gathered was shownas much of the tobacco was then ready for the barn It is not however the pur pose in this report to go into details as to methods of cultivation and cure as in the publications of the department we have on several occasions called attention to this 138JULY CROP REPORT1892 15 AT TIFTON Here more than fifty acres have been planted the same varieties being used as at Cycloneta From ten acres of this in the opinion of those in a position to know 1500 pounds per acre will be gath ered On this field 450 pounds per acre of standard fertilizer was used From many of the plants from twentyfive to thirty leaves will be cured which is more than double an ordinary crop On the entire acreage the crop is far above the average indeed this can be said of the Spanish variety for this type of tobacco will make almost as fine a yield in proportion to the usual crop as the ten acres mentioned Over the crop a continuous war has been waged against the horn and bud worms as nothing was done early in the season by planting Jamestown Jimpson weed and using this to destroy the moths and thus prevent the rapid increase of the worms But few of the plants however have suffered any material injury The experts employed by Colonel Tift to superintend the work here also answered all questions and gave our farmers the benefit of their experience in the fields of the large tobacco grow ing States BARNS The tobacco grown at Cycloneta and at Tifton will be cured by the Snow process a description of which was given in the October report of the department Five improved barns have been erected at Tifton and one at Cycloneta as it requires a barn to about every ten acres OTHER CROPS A description of the growth and cultivation of other crops at Cycloneta and of the farming operations of Mr W T Tift at Tifton would be profitable and not uninteresting but is beyond the limits of this report It is sufficient to say that the great capacity of the land of this section for fruits and nearly all the crops is abundantly shown and for those interested in the development of agriculture in Georgia a day spent at Cycloneta and Tifton will be both pleas ant and profitable After the tobacco has been gathered and cured we will give the results of these extensive experiments with benefit we trust to those who will be aided by showing the capacity and adaptability of Georgia soil to the cultivation of this plant 139SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 4 FOURTH SERIES Questtens for August Grep Report 92 Returnable August 1st 1892 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga July 20th 1892 Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so as to reach this office by the first day of August AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10 per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi mate estimate leave the space blank Thanking you for previous reports I am Very respectfully R T NESBITT Commissioner of AgricultureWhat is the condition and prospect of 1 COTTONCompared with an average per ct 2 CORN perct per ct 4 SUGAK CANE per ct S S POTATOJES per ct 6 What ire the profits of the melon crop compared with last yearper Give date of first appearance of cotton caterpillars 9 TOBACCOCondition per ct 10 Period of excessive wet weather From Tnlyto July 11 Period of drouth From Julyto JulyREMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES Sign Name Here CountyPost Office Circular No 4 Fourth Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1892 RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AUG 1 1892 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga August 10 1892 j GENERAL REMARKS During the latter part of June and up to the 20th of July the rainfall in nearly every section of the State was excessive This was followed by extreme heat damaging to crops in their succulent condition resulting from the wet season COTTON This crop has suffered more than any other from the weather conditions the excessive rains producing grass and preventing farmers from cleaning the crop also resulting in large growth of weed without fruit But little injury has been done by insect pest boll worms being reported in a very few localities In some sec tions material harm has been done by rust CORN In nearly every part of the State the report on this crop is good and the reduction in comparison with the report for June has been caused principally by injury to lowland in North Georgia during the wet season In some localities the extreme heat following the wet weather damaged the crop GRAIN The promised yield per acre given in the last report which was predicated on the results obtained from the threshed area has hardly been realized owing to sprouting in the shock On the whole however the wheat crop may be considered as above an average FORAGE PLANTS Correspondent calls attention to the large acreage devoted to grasses and forage plants and to the promise of a fine yield 141DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia State i re be 5 S 33 z z O 85 844 79 80 81 G re o J3 o Con1 pared age 1 1 i 1 0 Cont aared age Cane i Coir Aver Potat ition to a Co Com Aver CornCorn Avei s2g Sweet Cond pared M Tobacco tion to an 96 98 96 100 96 98 97 94 97 97 98 95 94 95 94 95 96 97 95f 95 96 97J NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BmtAll crops bjl In th gra ovi to in Corn bottom Wti by to Cotton poorly MM MljCrop ery on account ol eiwet wether Son roer I hlt ln m o1 fo PPtlmit9 0l tbeoora era bt etttr have every indication of dry weaker 5 E ram Three weeks dry weather would almost ruin our corn cron rT now doing fairly well bat too much rain has caused it to weed 142AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 3 FloydOn acccount of excessive rains cotton has failed to set its usual amount of fruit and again much of it at least one fourthhas suffered from neglect on account of wet weather Same thiug applies to corn Forsyth Cotton is fifteen days late though it is fruiting fast since the rain ceased Lowland corn drowned out Upland and high bottom good when it was worked in time Forty per cent of all crops grassy on account of wet weather The wheat and oat crop good but damaged considerably after cut ting Cotton doing well with the sunshine and fair weather FranklinCorn on lowlands is materially injured Upland corn generally fine and doing well where it has been properly culivated Cotton is small and from ten to fifteen days late The three weeks drouth a ter so much rain is telling on our crops GordonCorn in critical condition So much late corn has not had neces sary work Cotton two weeks late GwirmettExcessive rains have compelled the farmers to permit their crop to go unworked and therefore grass has injured all crops very much Cotton is making weed but not fruiting well It has been too wet for bottom laud corn Habersliam The heavy rains have injured the com on bottom land very much and if the present dry weather continues long upland cotton will be cut off Some hay and oats have been destroyed by the freshets HallBoth corn and cotton have been badly injured by the wet weather Farmers could not work their crops Hundreds of acres of the best Corn in the county was killed by overflows Crops on upland are fine Haralson By the wet weather crops on bottom land were injured The dry weather with excessively hot days has also damaged our crop prospect HartCorn will not make a full crop Too wet on lowland and all lands have suffered for work Cotton will be short as it is now being injured by the dry hot weather following the rains A good rain at this time would greatly benefit it Jacks mWheat oats and peas are better than for several years Too much rain for corn on bottom land Upland corn good Too wet for cotton up to the loth of July Since then cotton has improved very much MurrayWheat and oats badly damaged in shock by wet weather Corn on lowlands injured on highlands very fine Farm work has been retarded and many crops are very g assy Paulding The farmers are buying less on time than in twenty years and endeavoring to get out of ddbt Cropi have been well cultivated but a drou th now would prove fatal to upland corn Pickenn The excessive wet weather the first part of the month somewhat injured the corn crop Too much rain and not enough work The farmers are about done work and the crop is improving finely and if the seasons con tinue there will be the best corn crop jsince 1861 Cotton is small and late Wheat turned out well but somewhat injured in the shock during the wet weather RabunThe corn crop cannot possibly average over seventyfive per cent owing to the continued wet weather through June and July The farmers 1434 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA could not cultivate their crop A great deal of the low bottom lands are drowned ou We are now having fair weather and should we have a con tinued drouth would cut the average much lower nJ7frA11 btt0m Crn hljlrfid by exssve wet weather In some Places the yield cannot reach above twentyfive per cent of an average The hay crop 9 extra good and the late dry weather has been well adapted o it dcntdhrerseabove an averagebut the e WhitfielcfGreat loss of wheat and oats Floods have washed uplands and drowned bottoms Hay cutting and tight with grass and weedsn5 going on MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinThe rains have injured the cotton crop to some extent allowm grass to grow and where the weed is small will be a great 5Z SlZ has appeared except on sandy land Corn safe and in most places very nT AW Corn peas potatoes and tobacco fine and in good condition CoUon be month W t TT f from ive i du ng the month Weather has been fine since the 25th of July but very Lot Cotton grassy and cleaning it out has greatly injured it many wojnot at tempt to work lt fearing that work would do it more harm than good The excessive wet weather has prevented cotton from takin on the fruit t otherwise would have done and got a large portion of uTc in ft VpMtThe excessive rainfall during July has drowned out some of the corn on lowlands and has caused cotton to take on too much weed a dry August would prove fatal to it Almost all other croM in fine 7r Pasturage splendid anda large quantity of hay win be 4 Te d m lie prifnt ttrxrsrbr t CtorteRin needed very badly melons very poor quality and very dull sale corn crop the best we have had for several years Farmers are busy cleaning out grass and weeds which have damaged cotton some ClaytonPhe rams in July have benefited the crops very materially and the prospects are much more flattering than they were amont ago on accent ol the rams some have su fie red from grass and we will be later than usua corfislL tlVatln Ctt0niS W6edin finelbut well CohnnbiaOU corn about made late corn suffering very much for rain the heat is so oppressive that if we do not have rain in a few dZ caS nake much Cotton has been damaged by the continual heavy r is fotloldty the drouth and excessively hot weather should the drouth continuea week longer the crop will be off fifty per cent continue a week land wm IS vlr8 t0 T38 h0t W6ather and raPid 8wth cotton ou sandy land will fad very rapidly unless rain falls in a few days upland corn is now 144AUGUST CROP REPORT 1892 needing rain Around Moreland in this county about 300 acres are planted in grapes and it has proven a very profitable side crop netting the growers about 250 per acre this industry gives pleasant and profitable employment to a large number of women and children who would otherwise be earning very little if any money at all the grape is a bonanzi Our farmers are diver sifying their crops There is a great deal of fruit shipped from this county to New Orleans and the northern and western cities and it is far more profita ble than cotton Our farmers are paying attention to improving their stock and we have several standard bred stallions in the county DeKalbCorn is not large but has a good color and where early promises a heavy yield Cotton has a very su culent weed and is making long joints and heavy foliage at the expense of fruit production If a hot August follows the crop will be remarkably short as the fruit on the stalk now is young and would be cast Doiglae Very little work has been done in the crops during the month on account of so much rain The crops are very grassy and it is too late to get it out Elbert The drouth following the excessive wet weather has injured the cotton crop very materially Upland corn is good but bottom land corn has been injured by overflows Cane potatoes and peas are fine but are beginning to need rain Fayetle The outlook for good crops is now encouraging Farm stock in fair condition There is a general det rmination on the part of farmers to raise home supplies sufficient for home consumption so that the cotton crop can be held or sold without injury to other parties Fulton Crops in some localities badly in the gras on accouut of excessive rains The yield of corn promises well especially on upland Cotton wili depend largely on the future weather condition GreoneCotton is beginning to suffer seriously from the effects of the ex cessive hot weather The prospect diminishes one per cent every day Corn was damaged to some extent by the wet season but the prospect may be con sidered good Melons were also badly damaged by the rains HarrisOur peach crop is abundaut and our trees are breaking down Much fruit is being dried aud canned Owing to excessive rains in July a few farmers are laying by cotton in the grass Cotton has very little fruiton it Low and c rn was badly damaged by the wet weather Sweet potatoes after being set out in many cases have been neglected therefore the crop will be smaller than anticipated Heard The prospect for a good crop has not been so good for a number of years The general rains greatly increased prospective yield The condition of cotton is not satisfactory It is two weeks late and badly in the grass HenryCotton badly off from rainy weather and grass To kill the grass required deep plowing and hoeing and the weed was badly injured Bjttom land drowned out some by the wet weather JasperWe have had a great deal of rain which has injured cotton especially on gray land Crops badly in the grass For twentyfive days farmers could not work their crops at all 1456 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TonesOur corn crop good Cotton not looking well on account of too much rain Rust has appeared in many places and grass has taken posses sion of the crop in many fields Stock of all kinds doing well on account of abundance of grass LincolnNo plowing done in July until the 18th too wet now in spots especially on bottom land With few exceptions crops looking well McDuffie Corn crop fine The hot weather following the wet season has caused cotton to shed all the top crop Peas potatoes and sugar cane are doing well but need rain MonroeCotton grassy and ten days late and if it continues dry will be abe to clean it out MorganCrops are full of grass Hay crop promises to be good NewtonCotton crop fifteen days late damaged by excessive wet weather especially so on gray sandy soil affecting the plant with what is usually called black rust Crops also materially damaged by grass and weeds Corn peas and potatoes fine If we bave no disaster from now on Old Newton will have these crops to sell next winter OglethorpeCorn very fine on upland somewhat injured on bottoms by wet season Cotton as a rule well fruited but in some localities went too much to weed and injured by grass A considerable quantity of corn planted after wheat and oats which is looking well Peas very fine Pike Fine fruit and vegetable crop Grass owing to the excessive rains lias damaged all crops Putnam On account of excessive wet weather cotton has rather a vigorous growth with but little fruit on it The fruit crop is the finest iu years and piivute parlies as well as our canning factory are putting up large quutities for home use and market Bockdale Corn crop very fine but ten days late Cotton is looking well where it has been worked Forage patches are numerous and looking fine SpaldtngCrops are beginning to need rain with a continuation of the pres ult heat and drouth cotton and late corn will be very much cut off TalbotNo doubt but that the cotton crop has been injured by the excessive rains during the latter part of June and up to the 23th of July A large part of this county suffered a nine weeks drouth during the months of April and May which made the stand of cotton late and the excessive rains caused it to gel grassy with favorable seasons from now on a fair yield is expected Other crops will make a good average Trump The wet weather in July caused cotton to go largely to weed rain is now needed to make it take on fruit Corn is looking well and is about made Upson The excessive wet weather damaged most crops a little Lots of corn fired on thin gray land and badly damaged and cotton got very grassy the late cleaning hurting it badly WaltonSome cotton and corn injured by grass too much rain up to the LOth of July Melon crop ruined by wet weather Walton will make enough corn to do next year with some to sell Warren The weather is extremely hot and will need rain in a few days Feeding heavily to our hogs peaches and collards All disease has disappeared WilkesThe dry hot weather is on and unless rain conies soon the cotton prospect will be materially changed 146AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Baker Cotton was retarded in growth up to June 20th Since that time the rains have been excessive and the growth too rapid to take on fruit The crop is very grassy and rust has made its appearance and is apt to do much harm BerrienThe rain has damaged cotton in many places in this county To bacco prospect fine It is now being harvested Corn looking well BrooksCondition and prospect on all crops good except cotton which was injured by the long wet season ChattahoocheeCorn peas and potatoes fine Extreme weather very injuri ous to the cotton crop and it has turned yellow on sandy lands Fodder pull ing has commenced on early corn ClayThe boll worm has made its appearance in some parts of this county The corn crop is safe and fine Cotton was injured by the wet season Colquiti Cotton injured badly by too much rain followed by exreme heat and by the rank growth of grass Crawford Grass and wet weather injured our crop prospect very much The corn crop is very fine Decatur There will be a very large corn crop made in this county this year Cotton crop not so good A large tobacco crop will be made this year Be tween five and six thousand acres planted Dooly Cotton injured by the heavy rains causing shedding of fruit and black rust on lowlands Corn will yield better than was anticipated Dougherty Excessive rain caused injury to cotton from grass and working too wet in some instances The crop generally late EarlyCotton late on account of too much wet weather Corn good though damaged by the rains HoustonCotton crop damaged much by grass and weeds Too much stalk and poorly fruited A fine crop of corn Lee Excessive wet weather in greater part of this county has damaged the cotton crop It has lost its healthy appearance and looks yellow Corn crop very fine MaconThe prospect for a good corn crop has materially increased since last report General rains have greatly improved its condition Cotton weed fine but not so well fruited as usual MarionThe weed of cotton is fine hut is deficient in fruit on account of too much rain Corn promises a fine yield Potatoes damaged by grass MillerCotton dying very badly from black rot More groundpeas than in any year since the war Corn mads MuscogeeWeather has been extremely hot and cotton badly in need of rain Quitman Excessive rain damaged the cotton crop a great deal especially on sandy land The crop is very grassy Corn cane and sweet potatoes are very fine RandolphThe prospect for a good cotton crop is not flattering as the crop 1478 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA has been injured by rust due to excessive rains The corn crop where well cultivated is remarkably good SehleyMany fields of cotton ruined by grass owing to excessive rains and the crop looks now as though it would not yield more than fifty per cent StewartCorn crop above an average in this section Cotton materially damaged by the excessive rains SumferCotton yellow and shedding fruit very badly Corn crop fine All side crops doing well TaylorThe corn crop is exceedingly fine The rains made a fine cotton weed but it is poorly fruited TerrellCorn crop never better in this section Cotton crop good but grassy and most of it is too far advanced to be worked to advantage Sandy lands badly injured by excessive rains ThomasTobacco set out late has been injured by hot weather Corn crop good r WebsterContinuous rains caused much damage to cotton Outlook gloom v iarmers discouraged WtteoxCorn acreage increased and there will be a fine yield Cotton im proving and promises a fair crop WorthRust has damaged cotton Tobacco planted here is doing finely Corn crop tine EAST GEORGIA Burke It has been too wet to do satisfactory work and the rains heavy and washing during the month Corn on lowlands drowned out OlascockThe excessive wet weather followed by very warm days has dam aged all crops materially especially cotton JeffersonVery hot and dry Cotton in a critical condition It is full of sap from the wet season and will not stand a drouth Corn and other crops are average JohnsonCorn owing to wet weather on light land is fired badly Cotton on such land is now taking rust On good land cotton going too much to weed LaurensHave had too much rain for cotton and corn but very few crops in the grass as farmers have been working well when the weather would per mit MontgomerySince last report have had too much rain for all crops Corn is made and some are pulling fodder Pulaski Crops depend largely on rains to sustain them in their present suc culent condition An abundant yield of foodcrop is promised Cholera kill ing hogs but no general epidemic RichmondThe melon crop a failure almost and the price so low that there was nothing to be made TattnattCrops improving but will be cutoff considerably on account of the excessive wet weather the early weeks in July Corn crop made Telfair The excessive rains have debarred the farmers from working their cotton and is also causing it to shed Corn was also injured by too much rain 148AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 9 TwiggsThe weed of cotton is large and fine but much of the fruit was shedded Corn where cultivated properly is excellent except on very sandy land on which land it was injured by the rains Washington Corn somewhat injured by excessive rains especially so on sandy lands Cotton has a large weed with but little fruit Wilkinson So much rain in July with a week of very hot weather that cot ton has retained but little fruit An average crop of corn will be made SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Camden The farmers of this county will make a fair crop Chartbm In some portions of this county crops have been injured by too much rain Chatham Farmers are well satisfied with result of watermelon crop No rain since the 22d and beautiful weather to cure fodder The land of trucks is now given over to the hay crop except that reserved for potatoes The hav crop promises to be good Clinch Condition of cotton improved also that of corn this month The seasons have been good Coffee The wet weather has injured cotton materially and it is very late Pea crop badly damaged HffinghamCotton badly in the grass and on lowlands shedding leaves Late corn was injured by the heavy and continuous rains GlynnRecent rains have improved the condition of crops A good season for potatoes and sugar cane A large acreage in cow peas LibertyA great deal of attention has been paid to supplementary crops which is gratifying An unusual area has been planted in sweet potatoes and peas and they have been better cultivated than generally McLUosh All crops looking well and we will make an average crop sweet potatoes than usual Pierce Cotton is very small and not as well fruited as last year Corn is much better than last year Rice not so good Sweet potaoes and sugar cane fine Ware Crops of all kinds badly injured by the wet weather More MONTHLY TALK WITH FARMERS The general outlook for fair crops was never better though in some sections of the State excessive rains have injured both corn and cotton THE MELON AND FRUIT INDUSTRY which in portions of the State is assuming large importance has been materially injured from the same cause and the profits which were reasonably expected from this source have been sensibly re duced But these profits are sufficiently large even under unfavor 14910 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA able conditions to encourage similar innovations in other branches of our farm economy and I trust that the eventual result will be the abandonment of some of the false agricultural methods which have fixed themselves upon us Like other bad habits we find them hard to shake off and we cannot expect to overcome them at once Great reforms require processes tedious more or less and radical changes can only be effected gradually It is neither ex pedient nor desirable to convert the State into a big melon patch or peach orchard but it is important that we turn our attention from the practically EXCLUSIVE CULTIVATION OF COTTON the crop which will undoubtedly make us independent if properly controlled but the abuse of which is responsible in great measure for much of our present financial distress This crop has succeeded itself year after year until much of our once fertile land is exhausted of all those properties which are so absolutely essential to the healthy and vigorous development of our various crops including cotton itself Every thinking and observant farmer must admit that where legitimate and wholesome methods have been pursued independence and in a measure prosperity have resulted and that today the greatest suffering is among those farmers who have for years been striving to produce large crops of cotton to the exclusion of equally important food crops apparently regardless of the ruinous expense and the positive injury to his land No wonder that these men begin to think that farming is unremunerative is indeed the shortest road to poverty nor can we wonder that their boys seek other employment Suppose the merchant without studying the needs of his customers or the particular lines of goods suited to his territory should overstock his shelves with some article not re quired by the exigencies of trade Need he be surprised if he have to carry over much of that stock or sell at a heavy loss The farmer who plants all or nearly all cotton commits the same mis take A careful study of the question will show him that there are certain laws of supply and demand which render such a course ex ceedingly hazardous The safest plan is to put in such crops and by such methods as will assure at least home supplies and perhaps some revenue thus placing his cotton crop safely beyond the reach of speculators and himself on an independent pfane 50AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 11 A CAREFUL ROTATION OF CROPS and a study of the elements required supplying in each case that which the soil lacks for the proper development of that crop will do much to RECLAIM OUR WORN LANDS There are thousands of acres of land in this State which have been robbed by years of clean culture in successive cotton crops of every vestige of vegetable matter On these lands the usual plan is to apply in the drills some highly concentrated commercial fer tilizer This stimulates the young cotton plants and if the season prove favorable with plenty of moisture the usual bale to three acres is realized but at heavy expense If a drouth comes this in judicious use of highly nitrogenous fertilizers becomes painfully apparent and instead of vigorous and well developed plants we see stunted stalks and seared leaves Have you never noticed that in a field where a pile of manure has been placed and in handling has become scattered that the plants growing there are not only much finer but in times of drouth keep greener and are better fruited than those in other parts of the field Even in protracted drouths both corn and cotton in these spots retain their color and suffer comparatively little This reason I used cotton seed and acid combined applying in the drill In the spots where this was deposited before being dis tributed the corn is unusually fine averaging two heavy ears to the stalk Where commercial fertilizer was applied in the drill the land being naturally thin the corn fired even during a two weeks drouth presenting a striking contrast to the green and vigorous stalks where the manure was more evenly and generally distributed A farmer in Gwinnett county told me a few days since that his son anxious to secure a fine yield of corn decided that if a small appli cation of fertilizer did good the yield would be relatively increased by larger applications Had the land been in good tilth the soil well preserved and the fertilizer more evenly distributed the expec tations of the young farmer would have been reasonably certain and the rate of increase would probably have been in proportion to the amount of manure used But the land had been deprived of all plant food by years of clean cotton culture and the large quantity of concentrated fertilizer applied in the drill produced a burnt crop no ears appearing on many stalks The lesson to be learned from 15112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA this case is that on old and exhausted land it is time and money worse than wasted to apply in the drill and in large quantities any highly ammoniated commercial fertilizer It is absolutely neces sary to treat these worn lands with renovating crops of peas and clover the situation of the farmer and other conditions determining which of these is most desirable All things considered peas sown broadcast and then turned under is the cheapest and most desir able renovator but in some sections clover produces better results though this requires better land to give it a start and is not so quick in its improving effects While travelling through Middle Georgia recently I noticed with pleasure that on some farms every acre from which small grain had been cut was now covered with a promising growth of peas On many of these fields bone or acid phosphate was first applied broad cast and then the peas were sown Would that there was a more general awakening on this subject When the farmers as a class realize that a system of speculative farming is fraught with much danger and risk and that successful farming implies not only producing large cotton crops but making all supplies at home and a careful attention to and improvement of the land as well we shall see many of our present mistakes rec tified Corn which costs anywhere from fifty to seventy five cents cash can be raised at home at less cost and fodder and hay at a saving of at least one half With proper arrangements for keeping hogs and with rye clover the orchard and groundpeas meat can be raised at a cost of from four to five cents I was recently shown the expense account ot a man who resides in town and who has to buy everything consumed by his hogs they being confined in a close pen All expenses included his meat cost him seven cents at least two cents below the cash price today Even if the meat should cost us as much as the market value we feel this cost less sensibly than when we have to take from our pockets the hard earned dollars to pay for it If you have not here tofore made arrangements for a pasture now that the crops are laid by dont let a day pass without giving this matter your serious consideration The season is nearly upon us when we must prepare to sow KYE barley and fall oats With an application of phosphate on fairly good land we can reasonably expect two good crops of rye and 152AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 13 when this is planted on the land where the peas have been turned under the result is a surprising yield of fine forage of which the stock become very fond and when not working the plow animals can keep in good condition with no other food When the last cutting is made the stubble can be turned under which puts the land in fine mechanical condition and with proper preparation you have not only an improved soil but a fine supply of plant food properly distributed FALL OATS is another renovating crop which stands our coldest weather Dont take your poorest land but your best and improve it by a liberal application of manure At the South we have not yet learned just how to apply our manures We have made so many failures by applying alone in the drill that we fear like disastrous results from liberal broadcasting But when we once make this change particu larly if it follows crops of peas clover or rye we will never return to the old ruinous plan GLANDERS The veterinary surgeon whom I have sent in response to many requests reports that glanders has undoubtedly reappeared in some sections of the State I am now appealed to for help to be sent to Schley and legislation on this subject seems almost imperatively demanded that the progress of this loathsome and contagious dis ease so destructive and endangering the life of man and beast may be checked Quarantine measures have been adopted by many of the States as the disease is considered by veterinarians as having been brought in by western stock many cases having been traced to such stock I would suggest that the farmers give this matter their thoughtful attention that they may be able to aid me in securing perfect legis lation With that full and generous support which the Department should receive from the people it can be made a powerful agent not only in protecting the farmers against infectious diseases but in securing them against frauds in fertilizers also in disseminating useful information and publishing the various improvements and discoveries in the progressive agriculture of the day At any time that I can serve the farmers by giving information by meeting with them in theirclubs aid d cussing the knotty problems which confront us and the best plans for their solution I will cheerfully 15311 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA do so Before closing permit me to urge upon you the necessity for the changes which I have suggested We must increase the pro ductive power of our lands as far as possible by renovating crops and by judicious use of fertilizers reduce the cotton acreage and make at home everything which is needed for the support of the farm We have the promise of bountiful crops and we will never have a better opportunity than is given to us just now to inaugurate these needed reforms R T Nesbltt Commissioner TOBACCO CUTTING AND CURING The season for cutting and curing tobicco having arrived we give a brief outline of that work What we have to say on this subject does not apply to the new process of gathering the leaves as they ripen on the stalk as those who have gone into the business on a large enough scale to warrant erect ing Snow bams and adopting this method usually have in their employ experts who are familiar with the work Also in these reports this method has been fully given The proper time at which to do this work is to be determined by the color when the leaves change from a dark green to a pale yellowish green This usually takes place about six weeks after the plants have been topped The cutting is done by placing the knife on top of the stalk and splitting it down about half way without injuring or removing the leaves The stalk is then cut off below the bottom leaves and placed upon the ground in such a way as to leave the stems of the leaves exposed to the sun in order that the plant may wilt and be in a proper condition for handling As soon as this takes place the plants are ready to be placed upon the sticks which are gen erally of pine riven threefourths of an inch by onefourth and four to five feet long The plants should not be cut early in the morning when lew is on them for when placed upon the ground they are likely to become dirty Should the weather be very warm the plants should be closely watched to prevent sunburning and under such circumstances they should be placed on the sticks as soon as they are in the proper condition Eight or ten plants can be placed on each stick which should be stuck up in such a way as to keep the leaves off the ground In case the weather is favorable it would be well to place the sticks on scaffolds in the field that curing may be com menced by the sun for by reducing the sap in this way the curing process in the barn will be materially aided Should the weather be damp or windy the tobacco should be removed immediately to the barn 154AUGUST CROP REPORT1892 15 In the October report of last year wdl be found a cbscription of the Snow barn and in a subsequent report a description of the old log barn which fur nish the two methods of curing by artificial heat On the proper curing more than any other one thing in the management of a tobacco crop depends the price which it will bring in the market The following from the bulletin of the Alabama experiment station gives a concise statement of the process of curing English shipping and bright yellow tobaco under old methods For dark English shipping when the tobacco barn has been filled with to bacco and the wood prepared and it is best to have a mixture of green and seasoned wood start the fires and commence with moderate fire and increase gradually and in three or four days the tobacco will be sufficiently cured as to require onlv occasional firing during damp days or rainy days or in the morning for a few hours When the fire is started it should be kept up day and night until the pro cess of curing is finished Dark heavy shipping tobacco is now much cured with flues as with the flues you get the heat without the smoke and get rid of the objection raised against the smoke taste of the tobacco and run less risk in curing than with the open fires FOB CURING BRIGHT TOBACCO As soon as possible after the tobacco is cut place it in the house and after vanning the leaves two or three hours to a temperature of about ninety de grees increase the heat up to one hundred and twentyfive degrees as high as it will bear without scalding the tobacco letting the heat remain at one hundred and twentyfive degrees only a few minutes and then by drawing the fires and turning the dampers cut off the heat and let the temperature of the house descend to ninety degrees SUN CURED TOBACCO If the crop is too thick and of coarse texture and not strictly suitable for bright yellow it will be wise to cure it sweet For this purpose erect scaffolds at or close by the barn and place the to bacco on it as soon as it is cut and hauled from the field This i3 important from the fact that after the tobacco is cut it should not be caught in the rain during the process of suncuring If rain is expected put it in the barn let ting it remain there until all danger of getting wet is past and then replace it on the scaffold until it is well cured by the sun and then place it in the barn and regulate it on the tier poles Tobacco cured by this method usually sells well if properly managed and is highly valued by manufacturers for making a flue article of chewing tobacco In the next report the work to be done on tobacco during the winter months will be given 155SPECIAL Cl FOURT RCULAR No 5 H SERIES Questions for September Crop Report 1592 Returnable September 1st 1892 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga August 19th 1892 Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so as to reach this office by the first day of September AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an averlge it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below the standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10 pTcent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi mate estimate leave the space blank Thanking you for previous reports I am Very respectfully R T NESBITT Commissioner of AgricultureI COTTONCompared with an average per ct 2 CORN per ct 3 RICE per ct 4 SUGAR CANE pcr et o S POTATOES per ct 6 touacco per ct 7 What casualties have affected the cotton crap B Number ot stock hogs compared to last yearper ct 9 Condition of stock hogs compared with an average per ctREMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES Sign Name Here County Post Office Circular No 5 Fotrth Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1892 RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SEP J 1892 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture I Atlanta Ga September i 1892 JT GENERAL REMARKS While some features of the agricultural prospect as shown by the table presented in this report are encouraging the condition of the cotton market and the promise of a small yield per acre of this crop has had a depressing and disheartening effect upon our farmers COTTON The gathering of this crop has begun in many parts of the State and we desire to again call the attention of the farmers to the im portance of saving their crop in as fine a condition as possible The tendency of the market seems to be to widen the difference between the low and high grades and render it imperative that care should be taken to gather and keep the staple in as fine a condition as pos sible Year before last large quantities of cotton were left for months exposed to the weather and when thrown on the market sold far below the price that would have been obtained had it been properly sheltered While all other crops have suffered but little from weather con ditions the continued rains have been very damaging to cotton especially in Southwestern Georgia where the crop shows a falling off of eight points and the general average is reduced in that section from seventynine to seventyone A more exhaustive review of the situation as to this crop will be found in the monthly talk of the Commissioner CORN Notwithstanding the fact that on the lowlands this crop has been injured by the excessive rains the general condition throughout 1572 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA the State is fine in some sections the crop showing one hundred Indeed a fine yield of all food and stock feed crops for the year may be considered assured HOGS The condition and number of stock hogs in the State is hardly up to the average and cholera in many localities is reported by cor respondents TOBACCO In some of the tobacco growing counties and where experiments are being conducted damage was done by the rains However cor respondents report that the yield will be large a a a la O S3 JZ i i gl gss 3 52 3 H a J to s M t J P a o a o 0 3 o3 Si u so O SB U OS O C8 r a D A o o e 0 fa o 3 o o a u O D O 55 O 83 92 93 94 81i 99 97 98j 100 71 151 99 79 100J 98 99 98 7 100 92 State 97 95i 98 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksCotton improving since last report Corn not so good BartowRains retarding fodderpulling cotton going to weed Plowing for wheat pushed while land is in order CatoosaGrowth of cotton retarded in spring by dry weather and injured in July and August by wet weather Season favorable for potatoes Cholera has destroyed many hogs in this county ChattoogaCorn on upland good on bottcrtn land drowned out and worthless Cotton shedding badly on account of too much rain CherokeeWe are having general rains at this time which is a help to corn but injurious to cotton 158SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1Si 3 CobbBoth corn and cotton have been badly injured by the wet weather Farmers have been unable to work their crops properly on account of the rains Should the wet weather continue cotton will be still further damaged as it is shedding badly DadeWheat and oats have been all threshed out and were ex ceedingly good Corn promises a fine yield DawsonNot much cotton planted in our county corn promises a better yield than shown by last report In some localities hard rains have left the ground packed and rendered an average crop impossible FanninRain in the last few days has helped the condition of corn Some cholera among hogs FloydCotton is late we had too much rain in June followed by drought and are again having too much rain March planting of upland corn is very good but the rain has injured all low lands The large area planted in this crop will makeup a sufficient supply Forsyth Corn hasheen greatly damaged the present month fod der burning up FranklinUpland corn is generally good low bottom an entire failure Cotton crop in this section will be the least for years The weed is small and shedding forms The acreage has been reduced one quarter and if this is followed throughout the cotton States the price of cotton will go up GordonOwing to wet weather in June and July we have more grassy fields than usual Corn is perhaps safe but there is no telling about cotton OwinnettLowland corn badly damaged by rain and overflow in the last ten days Cotton shed fruit from dry hot weather from the 1st to 15th of August Caterpillars in cotton first discovered on August 21st so far have appeared in only a few fields it is feared by farmers that they will be bad In some parts of the county rust has injured cotton to some extent An unusual area has been planted in peas potatoes and sorghum cane HaberxhamHogs are not as a rule doing well nearly every farmer has some that are sick and a few of them die Doesnt ap pear to be as fatal as cholera HullThere is some improvement in bottomland corn since last report Tobacco was injured by the very warm weather causing the under leaves to fall off Cotton has shed its fruit badly corn fired badly Farmers will plant large fall crops turnips etc HnralsonBoth cotton and corn have been damaged from a four 159DEPARTMENT OK AGRICULTUREGEORGIA weeks drouth late com in particular We arc having good rains for the last ten days good prospect for turnip crop HartWe have had a good season the last ten days but too late to benefit the crops to a great extent but will assist JacksonOwing to the drouth cotton has been cut off some Bottom land corn has greatly improved upland corn was about made before the drouth set in Peas sown after wheat have not done well LumpkinCorn greatly improved by the recent rains not much cotton planted in this county MadisonThe cotton crop in this county is damaged on a large part of the crops the leaves have parched up Corn planted in March is uninjured late corn a total failure bottom corn good MiltonWheat threshing is now over and the crop averaged 10 bushels per acre 1 M lavis made bushels on 4 acres J B Bradwell made o7A bushels on 1 acre and 115 bushels on 5 acres S L Rucker made 82 bushels on 1 acre and B R Devour made 70 bushels on 2 acres Corn and cotton both injured to some ex tent by wet weather in July and dry weather first of August PaiddingThe farmers have bought fifty per cent less supplies this year than in twenty years and arc making a great effort to get out of debt A good price forcotton would put them in a good condition PickensCorn will not ear well owing to extreme wet weather followed by extreme heat Cotton is late small and poorly fruited Tobacco and sweet potatoes doing well The farmers have availed themselves of the line opportunity and season for sowing turnips Polk Drouth following the wet season has injured the cotton crop RabunThe corn crop has been cut off in some parts of tic county by the poor seasons drouth following the wet weather While the growth is comparatively good there will be no ear WalkerWeather wet bail time to save fodder WhileCrops are failing to represent an average The tobacco crop lacks at least forty per cent of yielding the amount that it promised sixty days ago Fine weather tor turnips Corn has been damaged twentyfive percent GilmirCorn potatoes and other vegetable badly injured by con tinued dry weather Hogs dying with cholera MurrayToo much rain for cotton going too much to wei d crop ten or fifteen days late Hog cholera prevalent in several parts of the countySEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892 MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinAre having too much rain for cotton causing it t rust and throw off also making it impossible to make good fodder and sweet clean cured hay The crops are very spotted red lands having splendid crops and sandy and gray lands poor BibbThere is not as much cotton planted as usual hut it is very good There is a little rust but it does not amount to much ButtsThe excessive wet weather has materially injured the cotton crop and has been very bad for saving fodder very little good fodder having been saved The hay crop is very fine if we have good weather farmers can supplement the short crop of fodder with hay CampbellThe excessive rains have proven detrimental to most crops Fruit lias rotted badly and has been worth very little Cot ton has rust on all gray land and a yellow cast on all land is shed ding about all of the late forms seems that nothing but grown bolls will make anything Too wet for fodder pulling Cotton begin ning to open CarrollRecent excessive rains have caused cotton to throw off many forms consequently there will be no late crop Corn lias improved ten points since our last report Potatoes extra good A good crop of Crab grass hay will be saved this season Fodder pulling is under full headway ClarkeThe long continued drouth coming as it did imme diately after the excessive rains of June and a part of July has cut off crops very materially throughout this section Fodder pulling now in progress ClaytonCotton owingto excessive rains is not good on Hat gray land but on broken land and especially red it is better some rust on gravT land but little injury from worms Present prospect for peas very fine Outlook for grass and forage good Potatoes and turnips fine up to the present ColumbiaThe late cotton on clay land has stood the excessive hot sun and is doing finely The older cotton is considerably scorched has only a July crop of bolls which is opening very fast Corn is ten per cent better than last year and with the increased acreage will be decidedly the largest crop for years There has been a large quantity of peas and corn planted in stubble land DatalasCotton was doing well up to the first of August since that time it has rained nearly every day consequently all the August crop has been thrown off and only the July crop remains 161DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA GreeneOn account of the continued rains there will not be more than threefourths of the fodder crop gathered and a large part of that in a damaged condition But the hay crop in the Bermuda section of our county bids fair to be fine Red land crops above an average gray not so good The cotton has been injured in some sections by the drouth and excessive heat HarrisFarmers have had very unfavorable weather for harvest ing their fodder We have had rain nearly every day for three weeks Pastures good hogs and cattle in fine condition Peas promise a good crop HeardWe have had rain in this county nearly every day for six weeks Cotton is running too much to weed and is throwing off forms Fodder is burning up on the stalk upland corn is the best for years sorghum cane is good and a large acreage Some grass in cotton Cattle and work animals in fine condition Hogs are healthy and the prospect for home raised meat good HenryNo fodder of good quality saved on account of excessive rains Forward cotton shed badly and late cotton is poorly fruited crabgrass fine Jasper Cotton is comparatively large but heavy rains all the month of July to a large extent hurt the fruiting JonesCotton has been badly damaged by the rust and is now opening very fast Com has been cut off by the two extremes first too dry and then too wet LincolnThesuperabundance of rain in July followed by hot dry winds in August has knocked off the middle crop on cotton in some places one half and seriously injured young corn A third of the cotton crop is gone The dry weather in August has been favor able for gathering corn fodder McDuffieCotton rusted on all gray lands Corn peas potatoes and sugar cane very fine MonroeToo much rain for cotton but it has benefited corn and potatoes MorganLarge numbers of hogs have died and are dying with the cholera Hay in abundance NewtonExcessive rains caused cotton to shed badly The com crop where it has been well worked is very fine Farmers have had time to save fodder some lost all a great deal badly damaged OglethorpeCotton in some parts of the county has been seriously injured by the drouth other parts of the county have had plenty of rain and are looking well There will be a good crop of corn made 162SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892 in this county more planted than for several years Cotton begin ning to open PikeToo much rain for cotton and late corn corn on sandy soil considerably damaged Hay is very promising best pea crop in ten years PutmanFarmers are awaking to the necessity of planting more wheat and oats There is a larger area in peas this year than since the war which will go a longways towards supplementing the corn crop RochdaleGenerally speaking the people are trying harder this year to raise their own meat and bread than in years The exces sive hot weather cut off the cotton crop TalbotThe cotton crop of this county is at least 30 per cent short if not more In sandy soil it is caused by rust and scald from the rains followed by hot weather Late cotton promises much better than early The corn crop is hardly up to an average but more will be made as the area has been largely increased TroupCorn crop is the best for several years Cotton crop not well fruited having shed very badly UpsonThe rains still continue causing almost a complete loss of corn fodder The cotton prospect is unfavorable caused by wet and rust though late planting is still taking on some fruit WaltonThe late rains have injured the crops to some extent The season for fodder pulling has been very unfavorable Upland corn good lowland drowned out WilkesCotton has been injured by intense heat and a want of rain at the most critical period of the plants development SOUTHWESTERN GEORGIA BakerIt has rained almost every since the 20th of June Cotton weed is large sappy and has but little fruit Wet weather has in terfered with cultivation and the crop is very grassy not over 60 per cent of last years crop will be gathered Corn peas potatoes and sugar cane are good Tobacco badly injured and experiment discouraged BerrienToo much rain for the past sixty days for tobacco cotton shedding Corn not damaged rice fine BrooksThis will be the shortest short staple cotton crop ever gath ered in this county due in a great measure to wet weather Long cotton doing well has not suffered from any cause and has not been attacked by boll worms We pick cotton between showers and samples verv poor 163DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CalkounSince the first of July so much rain has fallen that crops have heen greatly injured by the grass numbers of small farms will not make over two bales of cotton to the plow Plenty of corn will be made Sugar cane doing well Picking slow on ac count of rain and a few bales have been marketed ClayToo much rain has been fatal to the cotton crop A great deal of corn has rotted in the field and it is not well filled out This year fair returns have been received for melons CrawfordThe rains have damaged cotton on all lands cannot possibly make a full crop opening rapidly on account of rust Peas and potatoes fine some fodder ruined by wet weather Fruit crop fine what cotton has opened is badly damaged DecaturA months rain has injured the saving and curing of this countys large crop of Cuban tobacco Cotton acreage less than last year and crop very poor corn larger acreage and very good crop Some stalks are rotting and the corn falling off Rice fine crop the condition of cotton is due to the rains DoolyCotton on all low or even level land 4s very poor caused by excessive rain and its consequences shedding lack of cul tivation black rot or rust as it is called Lands rolling enough to shed off water have better crops and red lands better than gray The yield of corn will be fine EarlyWe are having continued rains from which cotton has suffered very much producing rust Corn crop fair Groundpeas good HoustonRust grass and wet weather have greatly damaged the cotton crop in this and adjoining counties Corn is made and is the best crop in years Peas potatoes and sugar cane are fine LeeToo much rain for cotton Crown bolls rotting badly and the young fruit shedding This county will not produce twothirds of last years crop Some corn damaged also Pair crop of fodder Peas good MaconOwing to excessive rains the cotton crop has been in jured by grass and lack of work and the outlook for a large yield is not satisfactory More corn has been made than there has been in several years as a larger acreage has been planted Fine prospect for peas and late crops MiirinnWet weather rust and boll worms have injured cotton On account of rain farmers have almost lost their crops of fodder and what was saved is badly damaged Corn crop will not be so good as anticipated 164SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT182 MillerThe poorest cotton crop ever made in this county Very dry in spring rain all summer and with rain every day now cotton rotting in the field QuitmanThis year has been unusually unfavorable for cotton Cotton planted from 1st to 15th of April owing to dry weather did not come up until June After that time excessive rains have pro duced growth of weed with but little fruit Sugar cane and all fall crops are fine Corn the best for years Very little cotton picked on account of weather RandolphThe condition of cotton has improved since the last report but we are now having heavy rains which are doing serious damage to open cotton About one fourth of the crop is open SteioartThis county will make an abundance of breadstuff and stock feed Excessive rains have resulted in great injury to the cotton crop SumterThe heaviest rains of the season have fallen during the past week and cotton is being damaged by rotting etc Closer ex amination gives corn more shuck and puts the crop about an average Late melons a total failure Sugar cane rice and sweet potatoes doing well TaylorCotton was injured by wet weather followed by extreme heat Terrell We have recently had entirely too much rain for cotton On sandy land it has dropped all its leaves and is perfectly bare except a few bolls ThomasRain rain rain it comes in torrents destroying to bacco and cotton and materially injuring corn in the field WebsterFarmers are very much disheartened at the low price of cotton and the very poor crop We are progressing slowly with gathering owing to the wet weather WorthThis county will make but little over a half crop of cot ton on account of the injury resulting from the rains All crops have been injured to some extent except rice ColquittA large percent of the cotton crop is open Very little has been picked or can be so continuous are the rains Much of it has been blown out of the bolls by heavy winds EAST GEORGIA BullochToo much rain Cotton shedding badly BurkeCotton was injured in the effort to get out the grass after the wet season The weed is large enough but it is very poorly fruited and seems about done making Farmers are very much 10510 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA discouraged as merchants will not cooperate with them in the efforts to diversify their crops DodgeToo much rain caused cotton to shed EmariueLFodder has been gathered and cotton is opening rap idly Peas are fine and the prospect for a good forage crop splen did Stock of all kinds in good condition The hornfly has been raging in some localities GlascockA considerable portion of the county was without rain for about five weeks in July and August and in this part of the county not more than a half crop will be made Balance of the county had plenty of rain but was injured by the extreme hot weather following it JeffersonTobacco is grown to a considerable extent in this county this year and it is said to be as promising as any raised in North Carolina Barns have been built and we have experts from Virginia to superintend the curing If the drying and other pro cess is as satisfactory as the present outlook tobacco will be exten sively planted another season Cotton has been injured by the rust it is opening very rapidly and will be harvested by the 15th of Octo ber The corn crop is very fine JohnsonThe open cotton has been damaged by the heavy rains Corn has matured and is very good The pea crop has never been better If cholera does not strike the hogs there will be more meat killed this fall than for a number of years LaurensThe heavy rains through July caused cotton to shed its forms and since then it has had the rust anil is very poor MontgomeryThe condition of cotton has fallen oft very much since the last report some fields will not make a half crop owing to rains and rust Late corn has suffered for work Nothing pays in this part of the State like diversifying crops and the people are begin ning to find it out Grass is beginning to attract attention the success of those who have tried it has encouraged others PulaskiCotton badly damaged by rust and shedding resulting from excessive rain Peas and groundpeas promise a good crop RichmondCotton opening rapidly Rust in many places Corn croop good A large quantity of peas sown Too wet this season for melons StrivenFarmers seem comparatively well satisfied with the yield promised but very much dissatisfied with the low price to be obtained TattnallCotton injured by too much rain producing rust Cane potatoes etc doing finely 166SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892 11 TwiggsCotton unusual development of weed without corre sponding fruit We have had too much rain and too little sunshine WashingtonThe latter part of July was dry and the tempera ture too high for cotton causing the plant to shed its fruit Farm ers discouraged over prospective prices Sandy land cotton rusted badly SOUTHEAST GEORGIA ApplingCotton has suffered from rust CamdenHeavy rains may effect harvesting of rice crop but no injury so far CharltonDrouth in spring and wet weather in July and August injured cotton Hay crop good ClinchA fine corn crop made and fodder well saved Cotton has suffered from too much rain which caused it to shed and die CoffeeOwing to the dry spring the stand of cotton was late and imperfect and recent rains have caused it to drop its fruit Sugar cane stand good and in good condition Corn up to an average EffinghamCotton damaged by wet weather following drouth Other crops good Farmers paying more attention to hay than usual ChathamHave had daily rains to insure a good hay crop set tled fair weather for a week or two will see the crop cut and saved Everything points to a big crop of fall Irish potatoes and cabbage Rice now being harvested Glynn Corn crop exceedingly fine PierceSince last report the condition of cotton has fallen off Sugar cane is late and should we have an early fall will be short and sappy The corn crop is safe and fodder saved Stock in good condition WareRain has changed cotton very much in this section MONTHLY TALK WITH FARMERS Since the last months crop report was issued the excessive rains in many localities and particularly along the water courses have worked incalculable injury to the growing crops and that which at one time was an exceptionally fine prospect has been materially injured This condition is more marked on the bottom lands and in a large portion of the cotton belt the COTTON on the light gray sandy lands has the appearance of having been scalded and rust which is now general has destroyed all hope of 167VI DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA any further growth or maturity of fruit In the lower portion of the State the heavy rains comiug just at the critical fruiting sea son have shortened this crop very materially A shortage of one third in the fertilizers used and in many cases the inability or fail ure of farmers to cultivate their crops as rapidly and as thoroughly as their condition demanded is another cause for the unpromising prospect as to fruiting The weed is small everywhere but on stiff lands where fertilized and well worked at the proper time is well fruited But a general survey of the crop throughout the State in dicates a large reduction of the yield in the present crop But how ever great this reduction the large surplus from last years crop which is yet on hand seems to still exert a depressing influence on the market Never in fifty years has the price of cotton opened so low and the fact that our chief money crop is produced at a heavy loss has not only impaired the credit of the producer hut has to a great extent paralyzed his energies and many farmers are casting about for some other employment by which they hope to bring re lief to themselves and their families While our farmers are cramped and there is A FEELING OF UNREST apparent over the entire country there is another class of our citi zens as sensibly affected andbut for the careful methods and busi ness sagacity of many of our merchants in dealing with these per plexing problems they too would today be in a condition as dis tressing as that of the farmer Many of these are however con ducting their business on a credit basis their credit based on our main staple crop and when this crop is selling below the cost of production they must necessarily bear their proportion of the gen eral suffering Since the war we have pursued a false system of farming which looked only to immediate results without regard to the future building up of our lands As long as the price of cotton was fairly above the cost of production this system inured to the benefit of the merchant because it enabled him to sell to the shortsighted fanner the supplies which he ought to have raised at home In return the merchant secured the cotton crop which would al ways command the cash when put upon the market It is true that in isolated cases farmers have by this plan made money but it is only where very large yields have been secured and where great energy and ability to control labor have been demonstrated Some fanners have better business qualifications than others and as with iesSEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892 13 merchants their qualifications enable them to succeed where their less astute and enterprising neighbor would fail But no matter what a mans qualifications he cannot successfully conduct a busi ness on credit at a high rate of interest where no margin is left for losses which are liable to occur The average merchant fails under such circumstances Is it surprising 4hat the average farmer goes to the wall when it is conceded that he pays a higher rate of interest than men engaged in other pursuits because he has to borrow for a longer time and that his profits are as a rule smaller in proportion to the capital and labor invested BETTER METHODS and a new and wide awake farm policy are the imperative needs of the time We raise seventyfive per cent of all the cotton made in the world and only oneseventh of this crop is manufactured in this country Is it not most important that we should consider carefully the markets of the old world and determine what pro portion of our lands we can safely and profitably devote to cotton For the past few years production has so far outstripped the de mands of trade that we arc now confronted with its consequences in a condition of affairs alarming to every one who desires the pros peritv of the South and the success of her great agricultural indus try The low price of cotton is sensibly felt in all our main centers of trade because every other occupation rests upon the great foun dation stoneagriculture and when that is undermined the whole structure is in danger The experience of the past quarter of a century clearly indicates that we must make radical changes in our farm managementhomeraised supplies diversity of crops and a determination to build up and improve our lands 1st by fewer acres in crops requiring clean culture 2d by a large area in rye and other small grain crops following these with peas and these in turn by our standard crops This plan will insure a supply of vegetable matter in the soil to be utilized by subsequent corn and cotton crops prevents washing and leaching and gives the land a rest from the exhausting processes under which it has suffered so many years Diversity should be the slogan from one end of this land to the otherdiversity of crops diversity of pursuits etc Our large crops of cotton have not only injured our lands but have heavily taxed our resources brain and credit and muscle and to compute our losses would require no ordinary calculation In the last season alone the Southern farmers lost over one hundred millions 16914 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOHt1 A And it has become a proverb that every man who handles cotton realizes more on it than the farmer who produces it To illustrate Great Britain imported 213000000 worth of raw cotton manufact ured and sold 310447210 worth of goodsmore than one hun dred millions profitbesides keeping enough cotton goods at home to supply the wants of forty millions of inhabitants Had the South manufactured even her share of this amount how much money would have been kept at home put in circulation and finally sought permanent investment within her borders The factories would have given employment to a class of our people who are averse and unaccustomed to a country life would have opened up markets for products which under the present system are often wasted on the farm and the thousands of bushels of fruit and vegetables which have been allowed to decay for want of a mar ket would now be converted into cash and in the farmers pocket There is no estimating the possibilities of our section when the energy and intelligence of our people become diverted from the old and unsatisfactory channels into which they have run for the past third of a century The lumber industry is a very important one and represents nearly as much capital as cotton Even under present conditions the grain product is worth more than our cotton but onethird of the gross value of our cotton crop goes to the West to purchase breadstuffs In the last two months over 82000000 pounds of meat have been shipped to the South from Chicago alone repre senting over 8000000 which ought to have been kept at home OTHER PAYING INDUSTRIES When a proper knowledge of the land best suited of the most approved methods for planting cultivating curing and marketing tobacco shall have been thoroughly mastered and intelligently ap plied we will have a crop that pays a larger dividend per acre than any crop we now cultivate and I trust it will be only a few years before our enterprising farmers will be enjoying the fruits of this new industry Another industry which has proven most profitable to the Northern farmer is the MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE It has been demonstrated beyond a doubt that at the South we can produce and l less cost the finest of cream cheese and with cold storage convenient it can be preserved indefinitely A smaller 170SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1892 15 quantity of milk is required here to produce a pound of cheese than in the State of Ohio and when our cheap lands better oppor tunities for keeping cattle and shorter winters are considered we will I hope soon see this new field of profitable employment thor oughly worked At the Experiment Station at Griffin this in dustry is being thoroughty tested and there is now being conducted there in daily operation a successful CHEESE FACTORY Any man in the State who feels an interest in this question and is desirous of studying all its details will be welcomed at the Ex periment Farm and in thirty days a competent man can gain such an insight into correct methods as will enable him to manage a fac tory for himself and neighbors He of course pays his traveling expenses and board for that time Heretofore in keeping any considerable number of cows the great difficulty the farmer has encountered has been the want of a ready and convenient market for the surplus milk But if we can sell our milk as it is brought from the barns or can convert it into cheese and can find a ready sale for this product in our nearest towns or in our country neighborhoods it will give an impetus to stockraising solve the manure and grass questions and start our people on a line of work heretofore considered impracticable in this section An outlay of 20000 or 30000 will purchase the necessary outfit for a cheese factory Let neighborhoods get to gether and erect these cheese factories In the hands of intelligent and enterprising business men they will develop and expand in in every community resources entirely unknown now Let us remember that a new era is upon us labor is becoming each year more unreliable and the results of this labor less remun erative To meet these changes we will be compelled to change our present plan of farming We must ascertain by careful inves tigation and experiment what plan what crop best suits our sur roundings and opportunities study thoroughly every detail relating to its preparation cultivation and housing and profiting by past ex perience let us avoid the mistakes which have well nigh wrecked us We are just awakening to the fact that we know very little about caring for our lands It is only after witnessing the results obtained by intensive methods that we gain a just or proper idea of what is meant by manuring We need a larger amount of coarser manures to mix with our commercial fertilizers When 17116 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA these coarse manures can he sown broadcast and a grain crop sown followed by peas the land will be in such condition that the application of a moderate amount of fertilizers will produce crops which will astonish and delight the farmer who tries the experi ment Let us make as far as possible these needed changes in our own immediate surroundings These little ripples in the big ocean of progress will spread until entire neighborhoods will be affected by the waves of improvement until our red hills will he clothed in verdure and millions saved to the South Now is the time to sow your patches of rye and barley Dont be afraid of too much manure Lay it on bountifully and after the land has been thoroughly and deeply broken sow your seed Remember that PREPARATION IS AS IMPORTANT AS MANURING and if you wish good returns you must break deeply and harrow until your land is in fine tilth These crops insure green food for both cattle and stock and mean an abundance of rich milk and but ter and sleek and healthy animals Very little is accomplished in this world in any occupation without laborious work and the farmer will rind that he is no exception to this rule if he makes a success of his business Energy brains and application will accomplish almost any desired result Will my fellowfarmers follow the lead of those pioneers who are now reaping the benefit of their improved methods I will lie pleased to receive the views of farmers throughout the State on any and every line pertaining to our interest How many farmers have resolved to make their meat at ionic How many intend to change the ruinous policy of risking their entire interest in one crop How many intend to improve their lands How many arc making permanent pastures Let me hear from you my friends and let us have a genuine awakening throughout our State We will never have a better opportunity to make the change therefore let us make it intelligently let us make it sys tematically 1 T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture 172SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 6 FOURTH SERIES Qaestiens fer October drop Report 1592 Returnable October 1st 1892 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga September 19th 1892 Deak SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so as to reach this office by the first day of October AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with which comparison is made is always taken as 100 Thus if the corn crop at any time is 10 per cent better than last year 10 per cent better than an average it should be reported as 110 in each case and if 10 per cent below these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 percent better or TO per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague compari sons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not SIMPLY TO YOUR OWN FARM If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approxi mate estimate leave the space blank Thanking you for previous reports I am Very respectfully R T NESBITT Commissioner of AgricultureFrom present indication what will be the total yield in your county com pared with an average total yield of the following Crops 1 COTTON per ct 2 CORN per ct 3 RICE per ct 4 SITrARCANE per ct S S POTATOKS per ct 0 TOHACCO per ct 7 Prospect of Pork compared with last year per ctREMARKS OR PRACTICAL INQUIRIES Sign Name Here County Post Office Circular No 6 Fourth Series j CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1892 RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OCT 1 1892 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture 1 Atlanta Ga October 6 1892 GENERAL REMARKS The present report beng predicted largely on the yield from gathered or partly gathered acreage looses much of the uncertainty that attends es mate based alone upon conditions existing earlier in the season The previoTre ports by correspondents for this year are substantiated by the maturing crop8 in nearly every instance The decline in indication of the yield of si crops is due to the fact that the injuries resulting from unfavorable seasons were of such a character that the extent of the damage could hardly be esti mated until later in the season y COTTON In this our staple crop the one upon which we depend to supply our wants outside of what we are able to raise on the farm is shown the mos marked decline Excessive wet weather followed by drouth and this droTh again followed by excessive wet weather has been the prevailing character of he season Such weather condition resulted in shedding and casting o fruit and in rust and rot The full extent of the damage done was difficult o determmafon during the early months as much of the crop presents a fine appearance as to weed but with maturing shows but little fruit with sTll and lightly filled bolls From many of the counties especially those Wed n Southwest Georgia comes the report that the vield in those counties of that secton will be the poorest ever known When we consider the fact tha this is a great cotton producing portion of our state the outlook for a large yield is anything but flattering And when we note the unsatisfactory condi tions and discouraging reports from all over the state with the great reduction in acreage and m the use of commercial fertilizers we can safely predict S iTyear willTe PrdUCed S Sma a If the decreased yield promised was the result alone of a reduction in the acreage we would have much cause for congratulation and as it is the grati lying reduction that was made will do much toward lessening the total yield 173 2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The recent report from the New Orleans cotton exchange shows that the re ceipts so far this year are smaller than those of any year since 1888 This in dicates that the reports on acreage sent out by the heads of the agricultural de partments of the various cotton states are correct also that the crop has suf fered from unfavorable seasons in all the states The decrease in promised yield is making itself felt in the market notwithstanding the enormous sur plus carried over from last year and under this influence the price has already advanced threefourths of a cent from the low price of the summer months That supply and demand govern our great product like all other products is emphasized by this advance and it brings pointedly before the farmers that if they want a remunerative price for their cotton the yield must be reduced by cutting down the acreage so that a small crop will be the result of favor able and unfavorable seasons Speculation undoubtedly influences the daily fluctuations of the market and may at times depress it or give it an unnatural impetus but compared by decades the story is one of increased production and decreased price In the monthly talk of the Commissioner will be found tabulated statement of the number of bales produced and the value of the crops for several years which gives a comprehensive view of the whole matter The world it would seem has about 400000000 to pay for its cotton clothing This sum the cotton growers will receive whether the crop be a large or a small one It is to be hoped that the present upward tendency of the market will continue until such figures are reached that cotton may be made at a profit While the crop is backward yet nearly all of it will be ready for market at an early date for while the first bolls that mature are ten days or two weeks late yet as there is but little August fruit upon the plants nearly all the bolls will soon be open and ready for picking This may operate against the farmer by causing a too rapid marketing and a temporary decline in price But holding as we do the solution of the situation within our grasp we should not feel too much discouraged if we cannot right the re sults of two years overproduction by the discretion of one year Diversified crops renovated lands and a yield of our money crop within the demands of the worlds consumption means to the South agricultural independence and profit Taught by the bkter results of overpreduction we trust that our farmers are now preparing and putting in large crops of small grain and that next year will see a large increase in the yield of these crops CORN The large yield per acre promised by the reports on this crop will hardly be fully realized In many counties the crop will be above an average and the falling off is due almost entirely to the damage to lowland Horn excessive wet weather Throughout the state the acreage has been largely increased and the total yield will be greater than for a number of years The prospect of pork for this year is not so good as that for last year Where hogs have remained free from cholera their condition is perhaps better 174OCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 3 than last year but more localities have suffered from the ravages of this dis ease this year than last thus reducing the general average TABLE The following table gives the present indication of the total yield of corn and cotton compared with an average total yield in the state by section O o O North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia State 7b 73 60 71 69 71 90 98 95 99 98 96 175DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA MONTHLY TALK WITH THE FARMERS The results of our labor for the present season will soon be known and whether satisfactory or the reverse cannot now be changed However this may be a careful review of the years work noting and studying the causes which have led to either success or failurewill gradually aid us in our prepa rations for another season By applying the knowledge gained from our ex perience of the past year we maybe able to improve upon our successes and even glean benefit from our mistakes THE FARMER AS WELL AS OTHERS MUST STUDY TO SUCCEED In these busy rushing days of rapid transit electric cars telegraphs and telephones the farmer who would succeed must avail himself of every oppor tunity watch the markets watch every chance and be willing to accept every reliable guide which points him to better methods Many thinking farmers now realize that MILLIONS HAVE BEEN LOST TO THE SOUTH by ignorance and carelessness and many are applying themselves heart head and hand to the task of redeeming our land from the curse and the conse quences of the onecrop systemthat gigantic mistake which has wellnigh ruined us They realize too that this is a progressive age and that the un thinking slothful fanner will necessarily be left hopelessly in the background Relegating the political questions of the hour to the rear let us calmly survey AGHICUITlJiAL SURROUNDINGS How many advantages we have of the situation soil and climate and how lightly even indifferently we have valued them That we have followed mistaken agricultural methods these scarred and worn hillsides bear mute witness That we are confronted by the gravest agricultural problems no thinking man will deny Producing as we do 75 per cent of the worlds supply of cotton and thus holding in our grasp the key to the solution of our difficulties why is it that WE ARE NOT ENJOYING THE PROSPERITY to which this monopoly entitles us Why is that this immense crop which should make us rich has brought only poverty alike to the producer and to the soil So much has been said and I have already written so repeatedly on this subject that I almost hesitate to address you again on a question which has been so exhaustively treated But when I look around over my own state and contemplate the condition of our farmers and their lands and realize that the same destructive policy which has brought but disappointment and pov erty may be continued I caunot remain silent and I feel that I cannot repeat too often or urge with too much emphasis that until we can come down to L 176OCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 5 LEGITIMATE SYSTEM OP AGRICULTURE a selfsupporting system we cannot expect anything more substantial in the future than we have gained in the past We are straining every nerve and exhausting every resource to produce a crop of cotton onethird THE GROSS VALUE of which goes to the north and west for breadstuffs alone None of this is for meat for which we also spend millions of dollars Suppose onethird of the land devoted to the production of cotton the past season had been put in food crops and crops on which to fatten hogs we would now have an abundance of everything to supply our home demand and instead of a crop of 9000000 bales at 6i cents we would have had a crop of 6000000 worth anywhere from 10 to 15 cents That I am right in this is proven by the recent jump in the price of cotton following immediately upon the unfavorable reports from the cotton fields which point with certainty to a short crop The following figures also give the same conclusion No Acres Planted Bales Value 186667 6000000 2233000 297810000 187071 8500000 4347000 330000000 18808116000000 6600000 356000000 18909120000000 8500000 429000000 18919223000000 9000000 333000000 I have submitted these figures for your careful consideration They show that we have added immensely to our cotton acreage which means also addi tional guano meat and supply bills They also show that while we have more than doubled our cotton crop in twenty years the price has been reduced more than 100 per cent Turn which way we will there is no escape from the stern realities of these facts Let every man who reads this article ponder well over this question Around our firesides let us discuss these grave problems which are to affect the happiness prosperity and future usefulness of coming generations Dont get disgusted and say you have heard this advice until you are tired of it The hope of the state the stability of our home institutions turn at last upon whether we make our farms selfsustaining and at the same time improve our lands At a meeting of farmers last winter the following language was used Some are fighting the wolf from the door while the wife and little ones are poorly clad and the latter growing up without education Nearly all the mules and horses are mortgaged and a spirit of unrest pervades our entire agricult ural community This lamentable condition confronts the town as well as the country If the latter dies from poverty a speedy dissolution of the former is inevitable We are to solve a condition not a theory Reduced to its last analysis it can be summed up in this sentence Waste of time money and energy in the overproduction of cotton and the underproduction of all the necessaries of life 1776 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Teach this doctrine diligently to your children Talk of it when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way when you lie down and you rise up bind it for a sign upon your hand and write it upon the post of your house and on your gates and carry out its principles in your farm manage ment But you say we are in debt Tell us how to pay out and save something We answer not by the planting of large crops of cotton but by reducing the acreage increasing the yield per acre and at the same time planting an abund ance of food crops Make terms with your creditor give him everything you can possibly spare get him then to exercise a generous forbearancehis prosperity and yours are bound together by undissoluble ties Having done this with Gods help in dispensing the early and the later rains and the exer cise of brain and energy we can confidently look forward to a brighter future Go where you will and show me the man who gives his farm his individual attention who makes the raising of food supplies his first consideration cal culates carefully the cost of his different crops considers the needs of his land as well as the plant food which his soil and cultivated crops require cul tivates intelligently and markets with care and I will show you a contented individual a man thoroughly in love with his government his section his neighborhood Is not this end worth striving for LET US AT ONCE MAKE ARRANGEMENTS TO SOW FULL SMALL GRAIN CROPS This will not only save our lands from washing during the winter but will leave it in so much better condition to receive and produce other crops The very fact of broadcasting the fertilizer introduces the true system of manur ing We will never permanently improve our lands while we continue to fertilize in the drill and depend on one crop to meet all our wants dont put off sowing the grain Late sowing and hurried preparation are among the chief drawbacks to our RAISING HOGS has become so uncommon that where a fanner succeeds in making enough meat for home use he is remarkably lucky I have called your attention to the importance of this question in previous talks If onethird of our gross cotton crop that is over 100000000 goes for breadstuffs alone what must be the amount sent to the West for meat TO RAISE HOGS SUCCESSFULLY We must give them the same regular attention and feed that we give to our horses give to them protection in bad weather keep them in uniform condition not first fat and then poor keep them free from vermin by the use of kerosene as shown in this report Give each hog every week a teaspoonful of beaten copperas let them have access to pure water and my word for it you will have sweet meat and lard and plenty of it R T XESBITr CommissionerOCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 CLIPPINGS CONTAINING VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS The valuable clippings in this report are taken from the exchanges which come to the agricultural department and their suggestions if followed will be worth money to the farmers In view of the growing interest in the dairy and its products the following suggestions are especially appropriate R T N DAIRY HYGIENE IMPORTANCE OF MILK BUTTEK AND CHEESE AS FOOD PRODUCTS In the care the feed and housing of cows is where the foundation of realy fine dairy products must always be laid If the proper conditions exist here they will be very apt to be followed up by the like proper and necessary con ditions all the way through but unless there is such a foundation no future exercise of skill or careful manipulation can effect the finest products If these are all right and every dairyman knows what that means without a categorical statement the next thing that demands attention is the care of milk from the time it is drawn and up through all the processes of manufact ure All eements of uncleanliness must be carefully excluded from the milk and from all utensils of the dairy not only because they are objectionable in themselves but because they promote fermentation and decay Every point about the dairy shoud be so constantly clean and well cared for that the owner would at all times take pride in showing a customer around and with the full confidence that an inspection would add to the good opinion formerly entertained Not only are these products often of inferior quality but at times they become actually dangerous as articles of human food The reason given for exercising this extreme cleanliness is that it is now known that all the changes of decomposition in the milk from healthful ani mals are due to the introduction into the milk after it is drawn from the cow of low forms of life These germs cause souring make the milk ropy blue etc Milk drawn absolutely clean into chemically clean vessels and then sealed will remain sweet indefinitely THE STABLE 1 This should be warm dry well ventilated well lighted but without drafts or cold air Dryness sunlight and fresh air are as necessary in a stable to maintain vigor of cattle as in a human habitation Shutters with movable slats which will darken the stable while still permitting the circulation of air are very desirable for summer use 2 The stable should be kept scrupulously clean if firstclass dairy prod ucts are desired and abundance of straw or sawdust or dried peat and even of dry earth may be necessary to absorb all of the liquid excreta the effort being to absorb this at once 179DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 3 As disinfectants and purifiers of air in stables a frequent use of white wash on the walls and wood work and of ground plaster sprinkled over the floor is necessary By the frequent use of whitewash and plaster we may keep the air of a stable sweet and pure The mangers should be kept thor oughly clean They should be frequently washed out with strong salt and water otherwise mold will grow in them especially in the corners This mold taken into the stomach may produce inflammation of that organ and it is also possible that it may produce the disease known as lump jawInde pendent GOOD DAIRY MAXIMS It is better to have a cow that will give you 300 pounds o butter a year for five years and then die on your hands than to have one that will give you 200 pound a year for ten years and then give you 1500 pounds of old cow beef It is better to have a heifer calf grow lank and potbellied but thrifty than one that keeps as fat as a seal It is better to feed a cow every ounce of food she has the ability to take care of than to try and gain profit by saving feed It is better to teach the cows gentleness than to saw off their horns It is better to pay 5000 for a registered bull calf than to have a grade bull given you 1 Cows fed moderately on cotton seed the year round never die of mur rain 2 Equal parts of mutton suet and kerosene oil will cure caked bag in cows Apply warm Denmark has for the past twentyfive years spent 50000 annually in the maintenance of dairy schools As a result of this training of the dairy maids the butter of the country has improved in quality so greatly within twenty years that Denmarks exports of butter have increased from 2100000 to 13 000000 per year 1 To spend every surplus dollar in an endeavor to make your land reach the highest possible state of fertility and in improving your breeds of stock will pay you the surest and best interest 2 Stock of all kinds from a colt mule steer heifer lamb kid and pig should never be allowed to shrink in flesh from the time they are dropped until they are matured for market To adhere to this rule would save the South several millions of money annually that is now wasted Much of the success of the dairy depends upon the manner in which the milking is done The udder teats and flank should be washed with luke warm water and rubbed dry with a towel before milking not only to remove the filth that may have got on there when lying down in the barn or yard but to remove the perspiration which will form a sort of scale or dandruff there and which will rub off in milking and falling into the pail gives a strong cowy odor to the milk This washing also softens the udder and teats making the labor of milking much less It is a good idea to give a feed of grain before beginning to milk Many cows will stand more quietly and give down their milk more freely while eating ISOOCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 9 The milking should be done rapidly taking care however not to exert too much strength in closing the hand so as to bruise the teats or to thrust the hand against the udder It should proceed steadily until finished If the an imal is uneasy work more cautiously but do not give up nor get in a passion with her When the milk is drawn it should be taken out of the stable at once and put where it will not be exposed to any foul odors even to the breath of the cattle The strong smell so often noticed in the milk is usually due either to the fine particles of dust from the udder or to the lack of ventilation in the stables and a neglect to remove the milk at once If not to be traced to either of these it may be found that the cow herself is in a feverish condition from some cause and has imparted the taste to the milk while yet undrawn If the milk is of that sort in which the cream rises rapidly it should be strained at once Cattle are as much benefited by daily grooming as are horses but it should be done with a gentle hand If farmers will break up any rich basins or other good lands that they are not cultivating from first of May till loth of June harrow well and smooth and save the splendid native hay that will come up spontaneously they will not have so many poor scrub cattle or mules and will luxuriate on rich milk and butter during the cold months of winter GEORGIA HAY Mr Culpepper further stated that cattle and horses would forsake the western hay for the sweeter and more nutritious hay cut and cured from our native grasses His statement is in accord with the experience of nany of this section not ably Mr S P Salter a stock raiser of long and large experience both in this section and in the blue grass regions of Kentucky Mr Salters statement to the effect that our native grass cut and cured made the best hay in the world was at first received with a grain or two of salt until actual experience had demonstrated that he was evidently correct There is an almost unlimited de mand for hay in Albany at this season and our farmers could cut and cure a larger quantity and they could dispose of it at remunerative prices Some planters manifest a disposition to cut and cure more hay while others are disinclined to cut the grasses from their lands under the impression that it impoverishes the soil It certainly will impoverish soil unless it is gener ously fertilized But that is the key to the situation in this country We rely too much on the unstimulated production of the soil The soil is suscep tible of the highest cultivation and the more generously it is fertilized the larger in proportion will be the yield and the profitsAlbany News The greatest need of the farmers of today is information in their calling To supply this want they should take and read agricultural journals and from them drink in that which would enrich their minds their fields their gran aries their pockets Their families would grow up more wise more useful and society would be vastly benefited and agricultural resources would be developed at a more rapid and profitable rate 18110 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Every farmer should produce as near as possible on his farm all supplies for his family and stock also fertilizers to maintain the fertility of his soils The time has come when farmers must be more observing more thoughtful and more determined to understand their own surroundings that they may make the best use of everything within their reach When they will do this success will no longer be a question Our most nonproductive lands which have grown up in sedge grass and been abandoned as worthless can be made to produce a good average crop of cotton or corn the first year at little expense In the fall with a good turning plow and rolling colter turn under the sedge grass and other green matter and let it remain so all winter The grass will all be rotted by spring and the actions of the frosts and rains will pulverize the worst turf lands then by re bedding and the use of a cutaway or some other improved harrow you are ready for planting and will not be troubled with grass I have tried it and have been eminently successful FARM MANURES THE FARMER DEFRAUDS HIMSELF The average farmer cleaves to the ideas of his ancestors and feeds out his winter supply alike to his mixed herd equally surprised if this one gaius or that one loses He does not feed grain because he cannot afford to buy it and he will not raise it because he can buy it cheaper His animals are sim ply machines for converting crops into fertilizers Instead of keeping a few at a profit he keeps many at a loss But whatever our calling in life we should always be ready to lift a hand against this ruinous practice With the means at our command better things are expected of us than simply to fol low the footsteps of our fathers Economy in feeding is the great study of today and if we do not contribute our individual support to its solution re proach will fall on our own heads Study to make manutekeep such a class of farm animals as will best convert all course fodder with the least a mount of grain into manure Would it not be more profitable to feed out that hay stalk or straw stack than to sell it In computing the value of barnyard manure iew take into consid eration the humus matter w Inch most farms need as badly as the chemical ingredients Farmers as a rule are not careful enough in the saving of manures too many lose almost entirely the liquids which are worth quite as much as the solids and the solid manure is often permitted to heat and burn to an extent that deprives it of half the nitrogen it contains Horse manure which has the liquid mixed with it will very surely burn so as to injure it if noth 182OCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 11 ing be mixed with it The best and the most available material to use for an absorbent is fine dry muck not wet muck but well dried It should be dug out several years before used and to make it fine and dry it should be spread on dry land say two or three feet thick and the plow and cultivator run over it often enough to prevent the growth of grass or weeds When it gets fine and dry it should be put under cover where it will be handy to the cattle and where it will be perfectly dry With such material at hand the farmer can save all of the waste materials of both the house and barn that have in them the elements of plant food It requires but a very small quantity of this material to absorb the liquids of the farm or to prevent the escape of ammo nia But when the farmer attempts to prevent waste by carting to his barn yard large quantities of green muck he makes a great mistake for it will not absorb the liquids and it to a considerable extent injures the solids first by delaying composition when applied to the soil and second by filling the soil with an acid that is in a state to injure rather than benefit plant growth THE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AMERICA An expert of the Powell irrigation survey claims that the irrigable lands of the Central West now wholly barren will make eight states like Indiana This statement is depressing agriculture in the North Indiana now makes 71400000 bushels of corn and 48828000 bushels of wheat Duplicate that eight times over and you will understand what a burden of overproduction of corn and wheat the farmers of the North and West will labor under Already in many parts of the West corn is burned as fuel because it cannot be sold at cost Let the incoming tide of foreign farmers occupy the immense unsettled tractfurnishing eight times the arable lands of Indianalet them go to rais ing corn and wheat and it is easy to see what the result will be How different is it with the farmers of the South Here we have a monop oly of the best money crop that is grown from the soil A territory fifty times the size of Indiana may be added to our farm area but it does not increase one pound the yield of cotton This is the Southern farmers monopoly The South will and must remain the worlds supply for staple Twenty years ago the foreign supply of cotton was nearly equal to the American supply But the foreign supply has decreased 2000000 bales and the American supply has increased 4000000 bales Egypt Brazil India Russianone of these can compete with the Southern States of America in supplying the world with cotton It is our monopoly It is wdiat God gave us when he intended that these states we all love so well should come into our inheritance at last even though they come through travail and sorrow This method of treatment for smut in wheat and oats is worth 1000000 to the farmers of Michigan and in proportion to the crop is valuable in Georgia It is taken from Bulletin No 87 of the Michigan Experiment Station METHOD OF TREATMENT FOR SMUT IN WHEAT Have two kettles of water not more than two feet apart Kettle No 1 should contain warm water from 110 degress to 130 degrees Fahrenheit The water in kettle No 2 should be heated to 135 degrees Fahrenheit The first 18312 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA is for the purpose of warming the seed preparatory to dipping them into the second Unless this precaution is taken it will be difficult to keep the water in the second vessel at the proper temperature The seed to be treated should be placed in a sack that will allow the water to pass through readily a coarse gunny sack is good According to the size of the kettle the sack may contain from onehalf to one bushel A less amount will make the process slow and a larger amount will be unwieldy and some of the kernels may escape treatment Dip the wheat into kettle No 1 lifting it out and plunging it in two or three times This process will take but a minute or so Now dip it into the second kettle with water at 134 or 135 degrees keep the wheat well stirred Perhaps there is no better way than to lift it out and plunge it in several times This should be continued ten or fifteen minutes according to the temperature of the water and then spread out to dry A second person should regulate the temperature of the water and do nothing else i Probably it will be found best to have a fire under kettle No 2 sufficient to raise the water to 145 degrees or 150 degrees Fahrenheit and then add cold water to re duce it to 134 degrees or 135 degrees Fahrenheit when the seed is put in If at the end of ten minutes the temperature of the water has not been re duced below 133 degrees the seed should be removed and dipped into cold water If below 133 degraes Fahrenheit it should be left in fifteen minutes or even longer if the temperature should fall below 130 degrees FOR SMUT IN OATS The treatment is essentially the same for oats except that the temperature of the water in kettle No 2 should be 136 degrees or 140 degrees Fahrenheit when the oats are put in If at the end of ten minutes the temperature is not below 135 degrees the oats should be removed and dipped into cold water if below 135 degrees they should be left in fifteen minutes or even longer if the tem perature falls below 135 degrees Fahrenheit When taken out dip in cold water The hundreds of experiments conducted in Kansa Indiana and other ex periment stations with treated and untreated seed sown side by side have shown the practical value of this method Professor Swingle and Professor Arthur tell me that the farmers who have tried it in Kansas and Indiana are enthusiastic in its favor Had all the farmers of Michigan treated their seed last spring there would have been saved to the state more than a million of dollars The farmers who raised twenty acres of oats with straw promising fifty bushels per acre received only fortyfive In other words the farmer loses one hundred bushels of oats This is a low estimate For in no case where farmers actually counted the smutted stalks did the per cent fall below 8 and in many cases it reached 20 The loss on the college farm this year will not be less than 350 bushels The cost of treating is very slight compared with the damage done by the smut Four persons a boy and a girl to regulate the temperature of the water one man to do the dipping and another to prepare the grain for dipping and spreading it to dry can easily treat enough seed in a day and a half to sow twentv acres One man and a boy can heat enough for ten acres in one day The kettles 184OCTOBER CROP REPORT1892 13 and tank of cold water should be arranged on one side of a post equally distant from it in the following manner One end of a pole should be fastened to the post The sack can be tied to the pole so that it will come directly over the kettles as the man at the end of the pole swings it from one to the other This will be found a very con venient way for lifting and plunging the seed to secure thorough treatment The farmer who treats his seed will save several times the cost of treatment the first year KEEPING SWEET POTATOES The failures many farmers make in keeping sweet potatoes through the winter is because they let them get too hot when first dug and afterwards allow them to be chilled by coldboth conditions being fatal to the sweet potato 1 Dig the potatoes at the right time We believe it is just as erroneous to dig an unripe potato for keeping as it is to pull an unripe ear of corn for planting purposes It is best to dig just after the first killing frost if the potatoes are ripe They are generally ripe about that time Examine them and if upon breaking some of them the wound turns to a dark or bluish color they are not ripe and it will not do to dig them But if a milky substance runs from the wound and dries over it they are ripe and should be dug 2 Dont let the potatoes get wet either by rain or dew after they have been dug 3 Smooth off the ground where you wish to locate the bank Put a layer of cornstalks on the smooth surface as thickly as you can and croslay with another layer of stalks Spread over the stalks about four inches of pine straw or any other kind of straw Next nail together four planks or boardp forming a hollow Bore holes in each side of this tolerably thick stand it on end in the center of the straw and pile the potatoes around it Put a layer of straw over the potatoes and a layer of cornstalks setting on ends over it Cover the stalks with dirt spading it from close around the bank thereby forming a ditch to turn the water from the potatos Be sure to let the top end of the boards extend a little above the top of the bank Leave the top open until a rain or cold snap comes then cover with a piece of plank until the weather moderates This hollow furnishes a channel through which air can readily reach the potatoes all around the center and should be kept open as much as possible while the weather is moderately cool but as winter approaches it should be kept closed Potatoes always go through a sweat after being banked and air distributed through them is very essential FARMERS AND FAILURES Pin up two facts to be considered when you are discouraged There are fewer business failures among farmers than among any other class more men begin without capital and become owners of a good business in farming than in any other vocation There is one part of the farm that is not benefited by drainages that is the manure heap 18514 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REMEDIES FOR CHOLERA IN HOGS A correspondent of the Ohio Farmer ascribes the immunity of his swine pens from cholera to the liberal use he makes of wood ashes He does not think the ashes a cure or positive preventive but his neighbors swine suffered severely from cholera while his pens were entirely free from the disease Give bark of the wild cherry tree boiled to a strong liquid decoction with meal or any food that the hog will eat If he is too sick to eat give a drench of from half a pint to a pint of the decoction The cure seems to be quick and effective This remedy given at intervals of a few months seems to have prevented the disease of hog cholera with me for several years past I raise to use and sell annually one hundred hogs or moreJohn P Fort LICE AND OTHER VERMIN ON HOGS To keep hogs free from lice and other vermin take your kerosene oil can and pour a little from the ears all along the back Two or three applications a year will be sufficient I always begin heavy feeding early in fall so that my porkers are ready to kill any time after the middle of November My experience is that most of the pork lost in the South is that which is killed after the middle of Decem ber REMEDIES FOR WARTS AND SORES To take off small warts from horses and other stock nothing is so good as caustic I always keep a stick or two on hand Scrape the crust off the wart and apply every da or two and they will soon disappear Honey will remove maggots from a sore on stock better than anything known KEEPING DRIED FRUIT China berries put in dried fruit will keep out worms ONIONS To make the finest and juiciest onions plant the sets in September and manure with droppings from hen house Put it on when sets are planted and again in the spring liberally 186REPORT Commissioner of Agriculture STATE OF GEORGIA Embracing the Years 1891 and 1892 R T NESBITT Commissioner ATLANTA GEORGIA GEO W HARBISON State Printer Franklin Publishing House 1892REPORT To His Excellency Governor W J Northen I have the honor of submitting the following report of the transactions of the Department of Agriculture for the biennial period ending September 30 with the exception of that por tion of the year from September 30 1890 to November 10 1890 embraced in the administration of my predecessor On the 10th of November 1890 I took charge of the Department the clerical force of which as then constituted consisted of Mr John O Waddell Assistant Commissioner Mr Will Hender son Clerk in the Fertilizer Department and Mr Walter De Wolf The salaries of these officers were as follows Assistant Commissioner1800 per annum Fertilizer Clerk 1500 Commissioners Clerk 1200 Mr Waddell and Mr Henderson retired with the former incumbent and Mr J B Hunnicutt was appointed chief clerk at an annual salary of 1500 the office of Assistant Com missioner being abolished and the clerical force reduced to that extent On November 17th Mr W J Trammell was ap pointed to a clerkship in the Department and Mr DeWolf who held over temporarily retired Since the clerical force was first organized several changes have been made On September 1 1891 Mr Hunnicutt resigned and was succeeded by Mr B F Carter at an annual salary of 1200 On February 12 1891 Mr Trammell re signed and was succeeded by Mr D B Lester and on the resignation of Mr Lester on October 1 1891 Mr W H 189DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Joyuer was appointed As now constituted the force at work in the office of the Department consists of Benj F Carter clerk salary1200 WH Joyner Commissioners clerk salary 1200 A total redaction in the salaries paid the clerical force of 2100 I trust without detriment to the efficiency of the service INSPECTORS OF FERTILIZERS The Inspectors of Fertilizers were receiving prior to my administration 1500 each per year should they cover into the treasury double that amount This I reduced to 1200 believing that amount sufficient compensation for the work performed In this branch of the department the following appointments weremade on November 13 1890 W B Jones of Troup A Oemler of Chatham Randolph Ridgely of Rich mond and F C Davis of Newton and on the following day T J Lyon of Bartow and S It Murphey of Harris were appointed Of the original appointees Messrs Jones Oemler and Murphy remain in office Mr Ridgley has been succeeded by Mr S R Fulcher of Burke MrDavis by Mr J M B Goode of Rockdale and Mr Lyon by Mr W J Trammell of Cobb who was subsequently succeeded by Mr W W Dews of Randolph so that the force as now constituted consist of Mr S R Murphy of Harris Mr S R Fulcher of Burke Dr A Oemler of Chatham Mr W W Dews of Randolph Mr W B Jones of Troup and Mr J M B Goode of Rockdale During the busy season of 1892 I found it necessary to place Mr D T Paulk of Irwin county on the force for two months as Mr Murphy by reason of sickness was unable to attend to the duties of the office This was done by the authority conferred by the late act governing the inspection of fertilizers Under the provisions of this act the pay of the inspector docs not depend on the tonnage inspected as will be seen by referring to that part of this report relating to the inspection of fertilizers 190ANNUAL REPORT1892 CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT On the 10th of November 1890 Dr George F Payne of Bibb was appointed chemist of this department and in his report will be found a detailed account of the work accom plished by that branch of the department That analysis might be made and returned without delay by an order the laboratory of the State was located in the capitol and it is gratifying to note the increased number of analyses shown by the report of the chemist GLANDERS As your Excellency is aware through the Executive Depart ment and direct to this department many complaints have been made by letter and in cases of alarm by telegram ol glanders among stock in the State Our laws make no pro vision for such cases and through your Excellency I would respectfully call the attention of the General Assembly to the necessity of providing some means to suppress and prevent the spread of this loathsome disease Avithout deeming it proper in this report to suggest the method When it has been within the power of the department without too great an expenditure cases have been investigated but with no power to act beyond the investigation and with no means at the command of the department except what has been saved from the general fund appropriated to the department by economy in other direc tions I feel that the department is unequipped to handle the matter and to prevent the spread of the disease now in its in fancy and in case of an emergency to do what would be nec essary to prevent a disastrous destruction of our stock So far a willingness on the part of those who own diseased animals to destroy them for the benefit of the community has been shown but should the owner of one affected animal conclude not to permit it to be killed it is difficult to sayto what extent the disease might spread 1916 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA At the last session of the General Assembly Mr Chappell from Laurens county introduced a bill providing for compen sation when glandered stock was killed but that measure did not meet with the approval of a majority of the house and failed to pass Competent veterinarian surgeons are of the opinion that nearly if not all the cases found iu the State are brought in by Texas stock and maintaining this view a num ber of States have enacted quarantine regulations against such stock requiring its inspection The fact that this disease not only destroys stock but also endangers human life to my mind furnishes sufficient argument why legislative action of some character should be taken Again chronic cases of glanders may remain in a community for months spreading many cases of the disease in its acute form without its source being discovered Such conditions evidently demand an in vestigation by a surgeon who thoroughly understands his work SEED A large quantity of choice field and garden seed bave been distributed with the view of ascertaining the best varieties for our soil and climate and to direct the attention of the farmers to the benefits to be derived from well selected seed Recently I have been convinced that the seed sent out should be of a more select character and be confined as to varie ties With this end in view I have endeavored to direct the attention of the farmers more especially to small grains to encourage diversification and to tobacco to ascertain if this branch of agriculture can be pursued with profit In regard to the latter the result promises to be gratifying Some parts of the state as Deeatur county have for a number of years profitably grown tobacco of the Spanish type but the extent of this weed has never been sufficiently tested The number of experimental patches and large areas where tobacco grow ing is being tried will I believe when the present crop is gathered and cured show what types are best adapted to the different sections of our State 192ANNUAL REPORT1892 7 At Tifton Cycloneta and the experiment farm the quantity and varieties grown with the care taken will furnish very thorough test With the result I trust of illustrating the fact that Georgia farmers need not rely on cotton alone as a money ClOp LITERATURE During the first year of my administration in sending out the work of the department and the report of the condition of crops I adopted the former custom of the office of sending out crop supplements to the papers and of distribution in pam phlet form The former method was expensive and did not in my opinion reach the farmer in such a shape as to encour age its reading in many cases the supplement being mislaid or cast aside when the paper was opened In lieu of this sup plement I ascertained that the weekly press would be glad to take the work of the department in plate form These plates I found could be obtained at about onethird the cost of the old supplement and would in the press put the work of the de partment in the hands of as many readers This system was then adopted saving the department about 200 per month and giving the work to the public in more readable form EXPERIMENT STATION In many quarters complaints have been made against the Station on the ground that the expenditures were too great for the amount of good done These complaints are generally based on the supposition that the fund that supports the Sta tion is appropriated by the State when in fact it is derived from the General Government and it does not appear to me reasonable that any part of our people should wish not to re ceive or permit the farmers to receive the benefit from an ap propriation made by the United States As required by law the essential part of the work of the Station has been repro duced in the reports of this department That many of these experiments are valuable there can be no doubt if the results 1938 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA of systematic culture and fertilization of various characters are of any benefit to the farmer That many are unable to avail themselves of the benefit of the experiment is doubtless true but the lessons taught remain the same The Commissioner of Agriculture is ex officio chairman of the Board of Directors of the Station The board which is appointed by your Excel lency is made up of successful farmers from each congressional district in the State The efforts of these gentlemen have been to make the Station beneficial to every class of farmers and to illustrate to our farmers what cau be done in certain branches of agriculture As the head of the department my voice in the affairs of the Station is only imperative in case of a disagreement resulting in a tie between the other directors but the present policy of conducting the Station has been agreed upon after general consultation among the directors The establishment of a dairy and the experiments in tobacco I especially advocated as tending to show the capabili ties of Georgia outside of our previous agricultural policy The line now being pursued will I believe result iu great benefit and I hope our farmers will endeavor to profit by the experience of the farm established for their benefit A word in this report as to the way in which the station was established may uot be amiss The land was donated by the people of Spalding county and the State has appropriated 15000 expended principally for improvements of a perma nent character as the Government appropriation permits only a small portion of its annual appropriation to be used for that purpose The ten thousand dollars came out of the fees arising from the inspection of fertilizers and so was no addition to the general tax The Station is operated and maintained by 15000 annually set aside by congress for that purpose THE INSPECTION OF FERTILIZER The imperative necessity for laws governing the inspection of commercial fertilizers has been recognized by the legislative bodies of nearly all the States The first law passed on this 194ANNUAL REPORT1892 subject in Georgia was in 1868 Being of an experimental character it was inadequate to protest against various frauds that might be sought to be perpetrated and so framed that the subsequent large business that developed would have afforded immense revenue to the officials executing the law Under this law the inspector or party drawing the sample was at the same time the chemist making the analysis It was the duty of these officers when requested to inspect fertilizers at any point within the State and to furnish certificates of such in spection It was made unlawful for any person to sell fertilizers without such certificate of inspection for making which the inspector received fifty cents a ton The Actcreatiugthis system provided for no general supervision of the work of the inspec tors each being an independent officer in that section of the State in which he was located Naturally therefore when the Actof 1874creating the Department of Agriculture was passed the head of this Department was placed in charge of all inspec tions The use of fertilizers rapidly increasing the necessity for a change in the law became apparent and to meet this the Act of 1877 was passed Could this law have been so executed as to have each shipment inspected the protection would have been ample but the consumption became so large that inspec tions in bulk were made to facilitate business These in spections afforded no sufficient protection as the goods re maining in the hands of the manufacturer after the sample was drawn were subject to subsequent adulteration and manipula tion in which event the analysis of the sample would not represent the goods sold Recognizing this when I came into office I endeavored to avoid this class of inspections by passing an order directing all inspections to be made after the goods were sacked and ready for shipment With the force at the com mand of the Department it was found impossible to make all inspections in this way and that inspections in bulk were un avoidable that the business might be conducted without delay Realizing the insufficiency of these inspections I presented a bill to the last General Assembly which made a radical 19510 DEPARTMENT OF AGRIUULTUREGEORGIA change iii the system This bill became the law and does I believe furnish a perfect protection against any ordinary effort to place spurious goods on the market and renders any class of fraud almost certain of detection Already under its opera tion honest errors made by manufacturers in sacking goods have been discovered and the mistakes rectified to the advan tage of the farmers The provisions of the new law are such that the manufact urer or dealer who sells goods below the State standard places himself in danger of rendering void all transactions for the year and of having the State prohibited for subsequent sales The opportunities and chances for detection are so great that no dealer or manufacturer would risk the great loss entailed by discovery of illegitimate sales for the sake of the benefits that would be derived from fraudulent transactions The act totally abolishes all inspections in bulk and all inspec tions are made after the goods leave the hands of the manufact urer or dealer Briefly stated it provides that all manufact urers or dealers must register the guaranteed analysis of the brand of a fertilizer they sell or propose to offer for sale This guarantee is placed on record in the office and is also branded on the sack that purchasers may ascertain without difficulty the standard up to which the goods must come In order to maintain a high standard the law also requires all ammoniated goods to contain two per cent of ammonia with a total of eight per cent of available phosphoric acid and potash To give furtherprotection and to better enable purchasers by name and without reference to the guarantee to know something of the goods purchased I passed an order under the power conferred by the bill requiring all fertilizers offered for registration inspection or sale branded as either of the fol lowing Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dis solved Bone Ammoniated Guano Guano Fertilizer or in other words implying that the same is an ammoniated super phosphate The guaranteed analysis must claim that it con 196ANNUAL REPORT1892 11 tains not less than two per cent of ammonia actual or po tential After registration the manufacturer or dealer may order as many tags as he sees proper specifying upon what brand or brands they are to be used These tags are now more prop erly speaking registration tags as they do not signify that the fertilizer has been actually sampled but only that the condi tions precedent to selling or offering for sale have been com plied with When the sales are made it is the duty of the manufacturer to notify the Department of the number of tons the name of the consignee and where shipped A failure on the part of manufacturers to comply with these conditions renders the sale absolutely void The inspectors are directed where to make inspections as each sale is recorded in the office They are also sent out on general trips through the terri tory assigned them taking samples wherever found and reporting to the Department the name of the brands with the guaranteed analysis found on the sack While samples are not taken from every shipment the fact that a large number are drawn in every part of the State and the inability of the manufacturer to tell from what samples analysis will be made upon which de pends his future business in the State and his collections fur nishes we believe a perfect safeguard In regard to the price of fertilizers in the State it is gratify ing to report that our farmers are able to purchase at as small cost as in any State in the Union Our tonnage tax is so low as not to be considered in making the selling price which was not the case while the tax remained at fifty cents per ton While the tax is only ten cents per ton it will be seen by the receipts from this source that a sufficient sum is raised to main tain the entire inspection system and without taxation pro tect our farmers from many frauds and impositions Did the manufacturer add ten cents to every ton of goods sold the farmers could well afford to pay this small fee to insure him against adulterated and spurious goods and secure for him a service that would otherwise cost from ten to fifteen dollars 19712 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA So firmly am I convinced of the necessity of a thorough sys tem of inspection that were it necessary to support it by gen eral taxation I believe the State would be compensated by the amount saved from burdensome litigation that would result did no such system exist However the present tonnage tax has proven far better than any other method and supporting itself adds several thousand dollars annually to the school fund of the State RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE FERTILIZER DEPART MENT FOR YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1892 Total amount received for tags23726 25 Salaries 6066 68 Traveling expenses 1469 34 Tags and checks 5827 93 Expressage etc 167 34 Net receipts 10194 9623726 25 Covered in Treasury 6206 35 On hand 3988 6110194 96 RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FROM NOVEMBER 10 1890 TO OCTOBER 1 1891 Total number of tons inspected2987998 Fees collected29 879 9S Inspection tags 6 476 29 Express charges on tags etc 537 24 Traveling and other expenses of Inspectors 1944 79 Amount covered into Treasury 20701 66 Due from Inspectors 220 00S29 879 98 INSPECTIONS OF OILS An important change in the law relative to the fees derived from the inspection of oils has been made since the beginning of my administration The new law met my approbation and support as under its operation the State derives a revenue and the inspectors are fully compensated for the work performed Prior to this act the inspectors received all the fees collected from inspections which in the case of inspectors located in large cities afforded compensation out of proportion to the work performed now they are limited to 12500 per month 198ANNUAL REPORT1892 13 the remainder being covered into the treasury As inspectors were term officers who could be removed only for cause and as present incumbents could not be affected by the change in 1891 only a few inspectors were required to account for any part of their fees which explains the great difference between the revenue from this source in 1891 and in 1892 In full op eration it is safe to say that the school fund will derive annu ally from this source 14000 to 15000 The oil companies have apparently willingly complied with the law objecting only to inspection when oil was stored in the State for subsequent shipment Believing the law was not instituted as a method of taxation and a source of revenue but rather as a police regulation to protect life and property from explosions which might result from oil in storage as wed as from oil on sale I directed such oil to be inspected The opinion of the AttorneyGeneral being requested the question was submitted to him and his decision rendered that such oils were subject to inspection Later the matter was carried into the courts where it is now pending A number of complaints have been made to the department in regard to the burning qualities of oil brought into the State This does not depend on the firetest which may come up to the highest standard and at the same time the oil fail to be consumed in such a way as to give a good light Under my direction Mr Joyner visited Hawkinsville where a number of complaints had been made to see if it was in the power of the department to remedy it The samples obtained were properly tested and it was ascertained that while the fire test was up to the States standard the specific gravity of the oil was too sreat for it to be carried up by the wick in suffi cient quantities to supply the flame The department used the only power in its command in calling the attention of the com pany to the poor burning quality of the oil and I am pleased to state that they consented to reship it and replace it with oil of a better quality In the following tables wilt be found a statement of the fees 19914 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA collected by inspectors with the amount covered into the treasury OILSRECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES1890 1891 INSPECTORS XO GALS OIL 0 T Rogers Savannah 878337 Thos Hardeman Macon 242747 Jas S Lawton Atlanta 340873 P W Fleming Brunswick 99079 A F Woolley Rome 64115 W H Barrett Augusta 473050 H B Lyle Athens 121587 Pearce House Dalton 12240 V A Wiley Madison 1477 D F Davenport Americus 60488 J R McAfee Dalton 24219 Thos J Lyon Rome 87049 Jno W Nelms Atlanta 807689 JerreHollis Macon 217013 J W Murpbey Columbus 338891 H T Long Darien 1803 3760657 Amount Paid State Treasurer Oct 1 1890 to Oct 1 1891 AMT FEES 4360 47 1205 63 1660 50 667 81 383 59 2365 53 662 61 122 40 13 50 302 44 156 78 438 51 3925 11 1082 5 1697 63 17 50 19112 54 2567 45 OILSRECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES18911892 INSPECTORS NO GALS OIL AMT PEES O T Rogers Savannah 128530 642 65 Peter Rielly Savannah 1535966 7680 26 W H Barrett Augusta 442936 222116 J W Nelms Atlanta 1163684 5824 79 T J Lyon Rome 114177 570 24 J W Murphy Columbus 347169 1737 24 Jere Hollis Macon 401460 2008 69 P W Fleming Brunswick 152940 764 72 J R Lyle Athens 138793 777 57 J R McAfee Dalton 37056 185 38 D F Davenport Americus 48327 235 53 J C Nisbet Rising Fawn 10123 14 17 W A Wiley Madison 2076 20 00 E E Kimbrough Gainesville 12556 62 74 Z J Odom Albany 7000 35 00 Total amount 4542793 22912 14 Amount paid State Oct 1 1891 to Oct 1 1892 13451 19 200ANNUAL REPORT1892 15 Iii view of the opposition with which the department has been at times confronted I desire to call your Excellencys particular attention to the fact that the fees from the inspec tion of those articles that are under the supervision of this department are more than ample to meet the entire amount expended for its support The net receipts from the inspection of fertilizers after paying all expenses of tags and inspectors it will be seen were in 1891 and 1892 1019496 from oils 1345119 a total of 2354615 exceeding the salaries of all the employees of the Department the State Chemist his assistants and expenses and the general fund appropriated for the use of the department 324615 The report of the State Chemist for 1891 is not reproduced in this report and should your Excellency desire to consult it it can be found in Bulletin 16 of this department In this Bul letin andin Bulletin 22 appeared tabulated statements of the con sumption of fertilizers since the department was established GENEBAL BEV1EW In giving in this report a general outline of the agricultural outlook in the State I regret to record that during the two years of my administration the conditions have been anything but fa vorable and our farmers have been depressed and disheartened At no time since the war has the price of our staple crop cot ton been so low The low price ruling in the market is be yond question due to overproduction Speculation may at times have depressed the market or given it an unnatural im petus but the surplus remaining in the hands of the producer has been the ruling factor in making prices While crops have varied one year to another affected by favorable and unfavorable seasons yet compared by decades the story is one of increased acreage and production and decreased price In 18667 the total crop in the United States was 2233000 bales the average price in New York per pound 31J cents total value 297810000 20116 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA estimated number of acres planted 6291768 In 187071 the total crop was 4347317 bales price in New York 17 cents per pound value of crop 330775000 number of acres 8666 227 In 188081 the total crop was 6605750 average price in New York llf cents total value of crop 356525000 acres planted 16000000 In 189091 total number of bales 8652 000 average price in New York 9 cents total value of crop 429792000 number of acres planted 20000000 The con sumption during three years as shown by Shepperson was as follows In 186667 Great Britain 1216000 bales the Conti nent 314000 bales Northern mills 573000 Southern mills 150000 bales Four years later in 187071 Great Britain 2368000 the Continent 800000 Northern mills 1072000 Southern mills 91000 Of this crop 4331000 were taken by manufacto ries leaving a surplus of only 16000 In 188081 Great Britains taking was 2882000 bales the Continent 1713000 bales Southern mills 230000 leaving 98000 in the hands of producers In 189091 Great Britains taking was 3346000 hales the Continent 2446000 bales Northern mills 2027 000 Southern mills 620000 leaving in the hands of pro ducers 236000 bales There are many salutary lessons to be learned from these figures Manufacturers have ransacked the world for consumers but still a surplus remains on hand untii we find a crop costing three times as much as one in the earlier days after the war bringing in the market but little more money at the same time wasting our land and diverting it from the uses to which it ought to be devoted The world it would seem from a review of the figures has about 400000000 to pay for its cotton clothing and this sum will be paid as quickly for a crop of five million as for a crop of eight million It remains then with the cotton growers of the South whether they will continue to plant at a loss or taught by facts and figures and by bitter experience so con duct their farms as to be able to obtain remunerative prices from 202ANNUAL REPOStT1892 17 their money crop The question is one of vital importance which the heads of Agricultural Departments of cotton States seem to realize Early in the year Commissioner Godwin of Tennessee called a meeting of all the Commissioners of Agri culture at Memphis Tenn that some action might he taken Personally I was unable to attend on account of previous en gagement and at my request Mr Felix Corput of Floyd county represented this Department At the meeting no direct plan was devised to secure the end desired but I have no doubt that concert of action in urging a reduction of the acreage em phasized to our farmers its absolute necessity and brought prominently before them the imperative demand for selfsustain ing farms In replying to a letter from Mr Godwin request ing my views on the situation I dwelt on the importance of small farms operated by the owner as a means to secure per manent reduction of the cotton acreage and in my first address before the State Agricultural Society on this subject I said Permit me as one of your number who for years floundered in the pitfalls and sloughs of our agricultural mistakes to sug gest that we reduce our farms Farming on a large scale de mands a large financial backing a bank account that will stand the strain of occasional failure As long as the big plantation continues with tenants working on shares or rentingby the year so long will the South be compelled to get her meat and bread and mules from the West The hope of the South agricultu rally speaking is in the smaller farms and diversified crops Is it not better to prepare and cultivate thoroughly fifty acres than to scratch over a hundred Does it not seem folly to pay taxes on land that brings a bale to three acres when by a lit tle more forethought a little more attention to detail and the same labor we can get a bale from one acre Let us then reduce the farms cultivate only such lands and crops as we find profitable encourage immigration get rid of the tenant system as soon as possible and in its place substi tute that of small farms This can be done by selling to en terprising tenants on easy terms much of the land we can not 2 203 Is DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA now cultivate successfully In these bona fide landowners we will have a class that will soon feel and appreciate all the attachment which the word home awakens in the human heart To illustrate contrast France the country of small farms and small industries shouldering and paying a war deht which would have staggered stouter hearts and Ireland suffer ing Ireland at the mercy of alien landlords and with a ten antry almost without hope To these views I still adhere believing that superiority of western lands demands small selfsustaining farms in Georgia that the fertility of our soil may be restored and the impoverish ment of land that nearly always follows cultivation at the hands of those who have no interest in material permanent im provement may cease Further maintaining that a reduction of the cotton acreage could far more easily be secured from far mers asking results from years to come than from tenant far mers asking results only for tomorrow To the cotton growers of Georgia and the South Atlantic States at what price cotton can be raised at a profit in Texas with its tremendous resources and in the valley of the Missis sippi with its everproductive soil are questions of greatest moment for above that it can hardly be hoped that the cot ton market will go except when swayed by speculation The enormous increase in acreage is due to the opening up of these sections and the Georgia farmer will be compelled to use every energy and husband every resource if he wishes to cultivate cotton at a profit Every method of fertilization rotation and cultivation should be carefuly studied with the end always in view of reducing the cost of making to the low est possible figure This Department has constantly through the publications issued called the attention of our fanners to these things and from authoritative statements of those in a position to know it can be asserted that there has been a reduction in the cotton acreage in our State Similar reports come from other States and I trust that the result will show that the decrease in the yield this year is due 104ANNUAL REPORT L8P2 19 not alone to the inferior yield but to a cutting down of the acreage and a realization by tbe southern planters ot the prob lems that confront them CONDITION OF COTTON The reports sent to this Department in regard to the pros pective yield are of the most gloomy character While insect pests which have so often damaged the prospect have appeared in but few localities yet the seasons have been such that a full yield was impossible Rain and sunshine have been un equally distributed and excessive wet weather has been fol lowed by drouth resulting in rust and a poorly fruited crop CEREALS The yield of wheat this year has been exceedingly tine and 1 trust that interest may again be revived in this crop In 1882 the acreage sown in wheat was 510000 while in 1891 it was only 309743 The falling off in acreage was due to constant failures until many farmers in those portions of the State best adapted to grain became convinced that wheat could no longer be success fully grown For years throughout North Georgia a good yield could nearly always be expected and to whatthe failures of recent years are due becomes a question of interesting study OATS The oat crops of the past two years have been exceedingly variable the yield being tine in some sections and exceedingly poor in others CORN AND FORAGE Distressed as our farmers have been over the cotton situa tion it is gratifying to note the large yield of corn and forage plants last year and assurance of an average yield this year All over the State an increased acreage is reported and with an abundance of food for man and beast our farmers should take heart and with renewed efforts go to work to upbuild 205 LO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA our homes renew our lands and profiting by former disaster living on the products of our own soil raise cotton as an independent crop TOBACCO Iii that part of this report relating to seed I have called atten tion to the interest manifested in tobacco culture To foster this interest the Department has done every thing in its power and in its publications issued the best and most improved methods of cultivation gathering and curing have been given I have no doubt that a large part of our State is adapted to the plant and I hope with the requisite experience a number of our farmers will be able to make this their money crop The suc cessful growing of tobacco and all the processes necessary to place it on the market require close business management and the success of the planter will depend largely on his attention to the details of the business HOPS A number of inquiries have been made at the Department in regard to hop culture and while some writers have placed north of latitude 40 degrees as the boundary of its successful cultivation yet from the yield when grown here for family use I doubt their correctness Individual experiments are promised by these inquirers which should they prove successful will develop a new industry in our agriculture and furnish cmplov ment for women and irls R T FESBITT Commissioner REPORT OF THE CHEMIST Laboratory of the State Chemist State Capitol Atlanta Ga Aug 6th 1892 Hon R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture State of Georgia Dear SirThe location of the State Chemist being required by you to be in the State capitol upon my appointment in November 1890 my whole laboratory was moved from Macon to Atlanta 206ANNUAL REPORT1892 21 That it was highly important that the State Chemist should he lo cated in the capitol was recognized by your predecessor in office who passed an order to that effect but for some reason it was after wards rescinded I found that no provision whatever had been made in the arrangement of the building for the work of the State Chemist The rooms which were available for the work required flooring work tables shelving furniture water pipes gas pipes and drainage and of the laboratory said to have been once owned by the State I found nothing but a lot of dismantled debris Upon calling attention of the legislature to the condition of affairs they promptly appropriated 48900 for plumbing flooring and shelving The amount of work required of the State Chemist of Georgia to properly protect the farmers in the purchase of fertilizers is larger in this State than in any other in the Union To accomplish their work the State Chemists of some of the other States have three and even four assistants Appropriations of from five hundred to one thousand dollars a year were made by the legislature to replenish apparatus and chem icals until the removal of the work from Atlanta to the State Uni versity some years ago The work is now about six times as large as it was at that time and was increased by the last legislature by the passage of the Calvin and Ellington bills That one man can do this work in the time required and do it properly is a physical impossibility This matter was thoroughly gone over by the last legislature who decided that the State Chemist should have two assistants at one thousand dollars each per annum and one thousand dollars to replenish apparatus and chemicals The State Chemist is not fully reimbursed even by this amount During the season of 18901891 my assistants salaries amounted to 220600 and replenishing apparatus and chemicals to 126576 These amounts were paid from my own pocket but were afterwards repaid by an act of the legislature The analysis of fertilizers is a matter involving many millions of dollars to farmers and manufacturersand only experienced chemists can do the work properly 100000 per annum is a salary at which it is difficult to get proper men I give my assistants more than this paying the difference out of my own salary The State not providing a porter 1 also employ one at my personal expense It is his duty to cleanse the large 20722 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA amount of soiled apparatus which accumulates each day from the labors of three chemists The work of no assistant is made use of until I find he is thor oughly competent by repeated analyses made side by side with my own Besides this each chemical and solution used in the labora tory is tested and standardized by myself and every analysis includ ing those made by the assistants has my close attention and super vision every figure being gone over personally The methods of analysis always used are those adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of the United States which are considered the best throughout the world Fertilizers are sent to me by number only and they are all worked exactly alike It is customary in other States and has been the custom in this for the State Chemist to make occasional analyses for fertilizer man ufacturers to enable them to compound their goods in the proper proportions Valuable as such work must be to the manufacturers I have felt it best to refuse such analyses and all such samples which come to my office are respectfully referred to other chemists The season just passed has been an unusual one in the history of the Department of Agriculture The low prices of cotton and the financial depression of the country caused an uneasiness and want of confidence which made dealers slow to make contracts and man ufacturers but little inclined to sell During the months of Octo ber and November but few goods were inspected and it was not un til January that fertilizer manufacturers began to accept the situa tion and to actively contest for the business The competition be came so vigorous that cuts in prices were marie in many directions and the general prices of mixed fertilizers ranged lower than last season although the crude material used in their manufacture remained at about last years figures During the work of this season no sample of goods has been en countered which fell below the requirements of the States fertilizer law Last year four such samples were analyzed and their names published in the bulletins of the Department Last season a num ber of brands ran below their guarantees on potash and though from two to five samples were analyzed of each of these goods they all continued to run low This season there lias been a marked improvement in potash and guarantees have been admirably sus 208ANNUAL REPORT1892 23 tained These two facts will illustrate the great protection afforded the farmer by their inspections and analyses Last yearjthe percentages of ammonia generally ran well above their guarantees this season there has been a marked tendency to barely meet guarantees on this valuable ingredient This has prob ably been caused in the majority of cases by the desire of the man ufacturers tomeet the reductions in the selling price by a corre sponding reduction in the cost of manufacture Although it was not until January that samples began to come in freely from one to five analysis have been furnished of every fer tilizer inspected in the State This work has been completed much sooner than has been custo mary in spite of the great delay of samples in coming in at the ear lier part of the season It has only been possible however to ac complish it thus promptly and thoroughly by the whole force in my laboratory working two hours after office hours every working day and including holidays with the exception of Sundays The number of analyses made during the season were as follows Acid Phosphate Wl Acid Phosphate with Ammonia ll Acid Pnosphate with Potash 52 Acid Phosphates with Ammonia and Potash complete fer tilizers 621 Potash Suits 28 Cotton Seed Meals 50 hemicals not otherwise enumerated 18 Fertilizers under the Ellington Pill 6 Minerals 256 Mineral Waters Marls 18 Natural Phosphates 1233 Very respectfully George F Payne State Chemist 201124 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FISHERIES State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Office of Superintendent of Fisheries LaGrange Ga Oct 171892 Hon R T Nesbitt Commissioner Agriculture I herewith submit my eighth biennial report covering the time since my last report dated Oct 20th 1890 The same regret is now as then expressed that the very limited appropriation at the disposal of the department has limited and embarrassed this im portant work Still it is believed that the best possible use of these limited means has steadily advanced the work of the Fish Commis sion and that fish culture now is no longer regarded as an experi ment but a safe means of cheapening and increasing the food sup ply The work of the last few years has demonstrated these facts ShadThe success attending the artificial propagation of shad during the last decade has been simply remarkable Ten years ago no shad were found in any river in this State except those emp tying into the Atlantic ocean but by the artificial methods resorted to they are now found in all the rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico as well as those emptying into the Atlantic It has been mentioned in former reports that shad were not found in rivers emptying into the Gulf until artificially planted In this connection it may be mentioned that no shad were found in the rivers emptying into the Pacific till artificially planted a few years ago I beg leave to submit a statement taken from a letter of Mr Eugene G Blackford of New York City an eminent fish culturist long connected with the New York and United States Fish Commissions Having returned a few days ago from a twelveweekstrans continental trip which included the Yosemite Valley and Yellow stone Park I can say that the most gratifying thing of the whole journey was to find shad so plentiful in the fish markets of San Francisco that it was selling at one and onehalf to two cents per pound at wholesale To find magnificent specimens weighing as much as fifteen pounds each was something to make a fish culturist boil over with enthusiasm Previous to 1880 the shad was an unknown species in the waters of the Pacific At about that time the late Prof Baird who was 210ANNUAL KEP RT1892 25 then United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries employed the services of Mr Seth Green Superintendent of the New York Fish Commission Mr Green took a car load of young shad that had just been hatched in the Hudson and successfully transported them across the continent and planted them in the waters of the Sacramento river The shad multiplied and flourished remarka bly They are fully equal to our own in flavor and appearance and are greatly prized by the people It is also gratifying to find in the same markets splendid speci mens of striped bass This is another fish that is not indigenous to the waters of the western coast and the present supply is the result of placing 1500 small striped bass fry in the waters of the Pacific a few years ago They were collected by the writer at the request of the United States Fish Commission They have flour ished remarkably One was noted that weighed fifteen pounds which is a great weight considering that they have been in their present waters so short a time Striped bass sells at fifteen cents per pound and it is only necessary for the Californian to become better acquainted with its merits as a table fish when it will sell for at least the same prices that rule in our own markets This great success in the establishment of two such valuable food fish in the waters of the Pacific should convince the most skeptical of the great value to the country at large of fishculture as fostered and prosecuted by the United States Fish Commission During the last two years by the aid of the United States Fish Commission we have been able to plant many millions of shad fry in the rivers of Georgia and there is now no difficulty in get ting abundance of milters and spawners for the purpose of artificial propagation And as the artificial propagation of shad is no longer an experiment the Legislature is respectfully asked to make an ap propriation sufficient to establish a hatchery on a large scale at some point in the State We should annually plant fifty million of shad fry in the waters of Georgia and at an expense of onefourth of one cent to each inhabitant this can be done and it needs no ar gument to show that it would be the best possible investment to cheapen the food supply to the people of Georgia The methods and appliances for such hatchings have wonderfully improved and cheapened in the last few years so that shad may now be hatched at an expense of probably not over seven cents per thousand I have taken occasion in former reports to call to your 211DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA attention to this fact that the geographical distribution of our rivers is admirably adapted to the propagation of anadromous migratory fishes and particularly the shad which is wellknown to be peculiarly adapted to our waters I beg leave here to repro duce a paragraph from one of said reports Beginning at the Savannah river which fortunately is under the exclusive control of Georgia extending westward across the State we meet in turn the Ogeechee the Oconee and the Ocmul gee the last two uniting and forming the Altamaha a few miles from the Atlantic ocean and all these emptying into the same next the Flint and Chattahoocbee uniting near the extreme limit of the State and forming the Apalachicola which empties into the Gulf of Mexico The Chattahoochee from West Point down as far as Alabama is concerned forms the western boundary of Georgia and like the Savannah is exclusively under the control of this State Near West Point this river ceases to be the boundary of this State but having its headwaters in the extreme northeastern part of the State among the mountains of that region where it can almost shake hands with the headwaters of the Savannah it passes diago nally across the State nearly parallel with the Air Line and Atlanta and West Point railroads being but a few miles from Gainesville and Newnan and six or seven miles from Atlanta The Etowah and Oostanaula with their confluence at the city of Rome by their numerous ramifications liberally supply Northwest Georgia At Rome they form the Coosa which empties into the Alabama which flows finally into the Gulf of Mexico These rivers being so uni formly distributed over the State and our system of railroads gen erally crossing then would make the distribution of fish from the rivers very easy To illustrate a line drawn from Augusta by Ma con to Columbus would pass through sixteen counties every one with a single exception touching a railroad The rivers here alluded to as well as nearly eVery one in the State have more or less obstructions to the passage of anadromous fishes to their spawning grounds These obstructions consist in the main of dams constructed for milling or manufacturing purposes fortunately science has pointed out a way to keep passage open without injury to the property invested in such mills or manufac tories This is done by the construction of fishways over or th rough such dams or obstructions From very careful observation extend ing nearly the entire length of the Atlantic coast and 1 may add 212ANNUAL REPORT1892 so much of our coast as rests on the Gulf of Mexico I am satisfied that the shad is the only anadromous fish with perhaps one or two exceptions that would be profitable for us to attempt to propagate There are seven or eight other streams suitable for shad propaga tion rising in the southern and southeastern parts of the State some emptying into the Gulf others into the Atlantic ocean and as will be seen from the following statements nearly if not all have re ceived plantings of shad 1 am much gratified to be able to state that since my last report that the catch of shad has very largely increased in nearly all the rivers of the State I will state that shad have been caught in the Withlacoochee river near Quitman one of the rivers rising in lower Georgia and passing through Florida emptying into the Gulf of Mexico Specimens of them were identified as the true Atlantic shad During the two years since my last report the United States Fish Commission has furnished us with 12338450 shad fry which have been planted at times and places as designated below STATEMENT SHOWING THE DEPOSITS OF S1LA1 FRY IX THE WATERS OF GEORGIA BY THE UNITED STATES FISH COM MISSION DURING THE SEASON OF L891 AND 1892 WATERS STOCK FD PLACE OF DE POSIT NTJMBEB PLANTED May 26 1891 May 8 1891 May 9 1891 May 10 1891 May 10 1891 May 10 1891 May 10 1891 April 30 1891 April 30 1891 April 30 1891 May 2 1891 Mav2 1891 May 8 1891 May 7 1891 Mav 19 1892 May 21 1892 Mav 21 1892 Satilla river Savannah river Ocmulgee river Ocklocknee river Alapaha river Withlacoochee river Withlacoochee river Ocmulgee river White Water creek Flint river Savannah river Savannah river Chattahoochee river Chattahoochee river Chattahoochee river Savannah river Ocmulgee river Waycross Augusta Macon Ocklocknee Alapaha Quitman Quitman Macon Butler Reynolds Augusta Augusta West Point Bolton West Point Augusta Macon 285000 300000 239500 700000 540000 513000 513000 931600 558000 558000 785800 785800 946750 637000 1125000 1220000 900000 12338450 It is recommended that the legislature make an appropriation sufficient to establish a large shad hatchery at some point in the 21328 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA State The only requisite in locality is a sufficiency of water of the requisite purity as it is now known that shad eggs can be trans ported long distances from the place of the capture of the milters and spawners with entire safety to the hatchery In view of our magnificent system of rivers and the great facili ties now at the control of fish culturists a proposition of Euclid is not more easily demonstated than the fact that the State of Georgia would derive enormous benefits from the use of the appropriation mentioned German CarpThis fish has come to Georgia to stay The trial of over a decade has been quite satisfactory It is estimated that over five thousand ponds have been stocked in Georgia This has been largely through the aid of the United States Fish Commission as well as the planting of many thousands of fry in the open waters of the State These are increasing rapidly and helping to increase the food supply Numerous applications are on file in my office for young carp for stocking fish ponds and as complete drainage is indispensable for the successful culture of this fish in ponds I will take this occasion to again call attention to a drainage apparatus drvised by myself and now used in my ponds as well as in many others in this and other States The great importance of the sub ject induces me to introduce the cut and description as heretofore published The wood cut represents this simple apparatus that is recom 214ANNUAL REPORT1892 mended a is a wooden box running crosswise through the dam from the lowest point in the kettle so that it will insure the com plete emptying of the pond made of heart pine plank being twelve inches wide and two thick securely nailed together The upright part b is of the same material and size and joins it at right angles and of sufficient length to extend some distance above the water line This is made secure to the horizontal portion and it will be a great advantage to give the whole a dressing of coal tar The side of the upright next to the end is left open and narrow strips are nailed to the uprights on the inside to constitute grooves for the gate pieces c c c c d is a strainer of wire secured in a frame of the same size as the gate pieces c When it is desired to empty the pond remove the highest gate piece c and substitute the strainer When the water line is lowered to the next gatepiece remove it and substitute the strainer for it as in the first instance and so on until the water is drawn down nearly to the collector then the mud can be removed from the collector the fish dispersing while this is being done The water can then be drawn off until the fish are drawn into the collector or kettle when they can be readily re moved with the dip net when the last gatepiece can be taken out and the kettle completely emptied The only defect is in making the gates tight If the water supply is abundant this is of no con sequence as the leakage would not allow the small fish to pass out and still might constitute a part of the overflow But if the water supply is limited this might lower the pond at the time when you could not afford to loose any water Fortunately this defect can be easily remedied Prepare a plank of the size of the opening of the box a let it be green lumber so that it will not swell to prevent its being withdrawn pass this down along the side of the upright 6 so it will include the opening in a then b can be filled with sawdust for a foot or two and a little dirt if necessary which will entirely stop the leakage Recent advices from the United States Fish Commission informs us that the commission will furnish us sufficient fry to supply all applicants also that a limited amount of the Rock Bass a compar atively new fish it is believed well adapted to our waters will be furnished Oyster CultureIn former reports attention has frequently been called to the subject It is a matter of congratulation that the legislature took up this subject and passed an oyster law This 21530 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA with some amendments which will be found necessary will be of great benefit to the State Califobnia SalmonThe attempt to stock some of the rivers of this State has resulted in failure The reports from other Fish Commissioners show the same to be true of all the South Atlantic States Brook Tkout A few of the most northern counties may have water of sufficiently low temperature to propagate this fish but a careful survey is needed to ascertainif the streams contain the re quisite food supply I beg leave to state that I have been under great obligations to the very efficient Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries of the United States Col Marshall McDonald and to the railroads of this and some of the adjoining States for their favors to the Fish Commis sion of Georgia and to the press for many courtesies Thanking you for courtesies extended in connection with official duties by yourself and the gentlemen in your office I am Very respectfully H H Carv Superintendent LIST OF FISH COMMISSIONERS AM OFFICERS UNITED STATES AND CANADA REVISED AND CORBECTED AS TAKEN PROM Till FOREST AND STREAM WITH THE ANNUAL APPROPRIATIONS MADE IN EACH STATE AND nil TIME OF ESTABLISHING THE COMMISSION No information from those marked by an United States Office Sixth and B streets S W Washington I C Col Marshall McDonald Commissioner J W Collins in charge Division of Fisheries Richard Rathbun in charge Division of Scientific Inquiry T H Bean Ichthyologist and Editor J 1 OConnoi Chief Clerk John Gay Inspector of Stations George II II Moore Chief of Distribution Alabama Col D R Hundley Madison Hon Charles S G Doster Prattville Commissioners first appointed 1881 ImAN XI REPORT1892 31 ARIZONA T W Otis Chairman Prescott John Howard Prescott C W Stearns Phenix 250 Commissioner first appointed April 1881 A KK A SSAS li H Rottaken President Little Rock J V Calloway Little Rock Y B Worthen Secretary Little Rock Commissioners first appointed January 25 1876 LIEORNIA Joseph Routier President Sacramento J Downey Harvey San Francisco 5000 Commissioners first appointed April 25 1870 Colorado Gordon Land Denver 2i0Commissioner first appointed February 7 1887 Connecticut Dr Win M Hudson Chairman Hartford James A Bill Lyme Robert B Chalker Saybrook The Shellfish Commissioners are Dr Win M Hudson James A Bill until August 20 1890 George C Waldo Bridgeport Bryant A Treat Wallingford from August 26 1890 Delaware Charles H Shubert Odessa Dr E G Shortlidge Assistant and Superintendent of Hatch eries Wilmington Georuia Hon R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Dr II II Cary Superintendent of Fisheries LaGrange Under the laws of the State these constitute the Hoard of Fish Commissioners 500By legislative Act 1876 February 29 N K Fairback President Chicago S P Bartlett Secretary Quincy Maj George Breuning Centralia 2500Commissioners first appointed May 20 1875 Indiana Col W T Dennis Richmond SI 000Commissioner first appointed September 1881 217 IllinoisDEPARTMENT OF AiIICULTUEEGERGIA IoWA E I Carlton Spirit Lake Ole Bjorenson Superintendent 3700Commissioner first appointed March 30 1874 Kansas John M Brumbraugh Concordia SI000Commissioner first appointed March 10 1S77 Kentucky This State is said to have now no Commissioner Maine E M Stillwell Bangor Henry O StanleyDiX field 1 Commissioners of Fish and Game B W Counce Thomaston Commissioner of Sea and Shore Fisheries 5000Commissioners first appointed January 1 1867 Maryland G W Delawder Oakland Dr E W Humphries Salisbury 10000Commissioners first appointed April 1N74 Massachusetts E A Brackett Winchester E H Lathrop Springfield s5000 Commissioners first appointed May 3 1865 Michigan Dr J C Parker Grand Rapids Hoyt Post Detroit Herschel AVhitaker President Detroit W D Marks Superintendent Paris George D Mussey Secretary Detroit Wm O Butler Jr Detroit 7500Commissioners first appointed April 25 187 Minnesota Win Bird Fairniount Niles Carpenter Rushford Robert Ormsby Sweeney President St Paul S S Watkins Superintendent AVillow Brook St Paul Missouri H Miarlichs Chairman St Joseph J L Smith Jefferson City II C West St Louis A P Campbell Secretary St Joseph Superintendents Philip Kopplin Jr St Louis Elias ottrell St Joseph 218ANNUAL REPORT1892 33 EBRASKA Win L May Fremont McBride Lincoln B E Kennedy Omaha M E OBrien Superintendent South Bend Nevada Geo T Mills Carson City 1000 Commissioners Brat appointed August 30 1866 New Hampshire George W Kiddle Manchester Elliot B Hodge Plymouth John B Kimball Marlborough 1QP0Commissioners first appointed August 30 I860 N i Jersey J R Elkinton Pennsgrove William Wright Newark F M Ward Newton 1000 Commissioners first appointed March 29 1870 New York E G Blaekford President New York Gen R U Sherman New Hartford Wm H Bowman Rochester Henry Burden Troy A S Joline Tottenville E G Blaekford Shellfish Commissioner Superintendents Fred Mather Cold Spring Harbor Monroe A Green Caledonia James A Marks Adiron dack 15000 Commissioners first appointed April 22 J868 North Carolina No commission Oino Oregox Hon C V Osborn President Dayton John Hofer Bellaire A C Williams Secretary Chagrin Falls John H Lair Cincinnati E D Potter Toledo L K Buntain Chief Warden Dayton 5000 Commissioners first appointed May 3 187 F C Reed President Clackamas E P Thompson Portland R C Campbell Ranier 21934 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Pennsylva VIA Henry 0 Ford President 524 Walnut street Philadelphia James V Long 75 Fifth avenue Pittsburg H C Demuth Secretary Lancaster 8 B Stillwell Scranton L Streuber Erie W L Powell Harrisburg Superintendents John P Craveling Allentovvn William Butler Corry 7500Commissioners first appointed April TO 1806 Rhode Island J M K Southwick Newport Wm P Morton Johnson Henry T Root Providence 7500Commissioners first appointed in 1868 South Carolina Hon A P Butler Columbia Supt of Fisheries first appointed December 23 1878 Tennessee W W McDowell Memphis H H Sneed Chattanooga Fdward D Hicks Nashville Commissioners first appointed January 10 1877 Utaii A Milton Musser Salt Lake City Vermost F H Atherton Waterbury Hon Herbert Brainerd St Albans 1000Commissioners first appointed in 1865 Virginia Dr J Wilkins Bridgetown 2500Commissioners first appointed April 1874 Washington Territory Albert T Stream North Cove Pacific county C mmissioner first appointed November 9 1877 West Virginia C S White President Romney F J Baxter Treasurer Sutton James H Milner Secretary Hinton S500Commissioners first appointed January 1 1877 220ANNUAL REPORT1892 Wisconsin The Governor exofficio Philo Dunning President Madison L Valentine Secretary and Treasurer Janesville Mark Douglas Melrose A V H Carpenter Milwaukee n Calvert Spensley Mineral Point E S Miner Sturgeon Bay James Nevin Superintendent Madison 7000Commissioners first appointed March 20 1874 Wyoming Territory Louis Miller Laramie 750Commissioners first appointed in 1879 Dominion op Canada Hon John Tilton Deputy Minister of Fisheries Ottawa Samuel Wilmot Superintendent of Fish Culture Ottawa Inspectors of Fisheries J R Kinney Yarmouth N S R C Hockin Pictou N S A C Bertram North Sydney N S J H Pratt St Andrews N B R C Chapman Moncton N B D Morrow Oromocto N B E Hackett Tignish P E I W Wakeham Gaspe Basin P Q Thos Mowat New Westminister B C Alex McQueen Win nipeg Manitoba F C Gilchrist Fort Qu Appelle N W T Officers in charge of Fish Breeding Establishments Chas Wilmot Newcastle Ont Wm Parker Sandwich Ont L N Cattellier Tadoussac Quebec H Davis pro tern Gaspe Quebec A II Moore Magog Quebec Alex Mowat Restigouche Quebec A B Wilmot Bedford N S C A Farquharson Sydney N S Isaac Sheas green Miramichi N B Chas McClusky Grand Falls N B Thos Mowat New Westminster B C Dakota Florida Idaho Louisiana Mississippi and New Mexico have no fish commissioners 221 5Bulletin No 23 Third Series SEASON 189293 Commercial Fertilizers AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted for Sale in the State of Georgia up to October 1st 1892 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Hon R T NESBITT Commissioner op Agriculture of the State of Georgia Dr GEORGE F PAYNE State Chemist ATLANTA GA GEO W HARRISON State Printer Franklin Publishing House 1S92VALUATIONS For Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash for Season of 189192 Available phosphoric acid 4 cents a pound Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 12 cents a pound Potash 4 cents a pound If calculated by units Available phosphoric acid 80 cents per unit Ammonia or its equivalent in nitrogen 2 40 cents per unit Potash 80 cents per unit The relative commercial value which is given each fertilizer is calculated from the above figures with an addition to each of 1260 per ton to cover in spection sacks mixing and handling To calculate the commercial value of a ton of a given fertilizer bear in mind that a ton weighs 2000 pounds and one per cent of this is twenty pounds If a goods contain one per cent of available phosphoric acid this will be twenty pounds of available phosphoric acid in a ton Twenty pounds of available phosphoric acid at four cents a pound will be eighty cents for each per cent contained in a ton or eighty cents per unit as it is generally designated Am monia being twelve cents a pound each one per cent or twenty pounds in a ton will be worth 240 As potash is the same value as available phosphoric acid each per cent in a ton will be worth eighty cents To illustrate this take a sample containing Available phosphoric acid1010 multiply by 80 8 08 Ammonia 260 multiply by 240 6 24 Potash 110 multiply by 80 88 Inspection sacks mixing and handling 2 60 Relative commercial value17 80 These valuations were obtained by the most careful investigation and fairly represent the wholesale cash value of fertilizers in Georgia in those cities where the goods enter the State or where they are manufactured A great majority of the number of manufacturers whose prices were used as a basis for these valuations offer their goods at Savannah for cash at figures which corre spond with these values Any one buying at a distance from Savannah should add the freight to that point to obtain its local wholesale cash value this subtracted from the price charged for the goods will give one a fair idea of what is charged as profit Goods are sold very close for cash but when sold on time dealers are compelled to charge full price to cover interest cost of col lection and bad debts It is impossible to fix exact values for an entire season upon mercantile goods subject to the fluctuations of the market hence these values while con sidered fairly approximate are to be regarded rather as comparative and not absolute Georgia is the largest consumer of commercial fertilizers of any State in the Union Thanks to our well devised fertilizer laws she also secures them at lower prices than any other State Goods of identical composition and made 2254 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA in one instance of which we are aware in the same factory are sold in the New England States for 3000 per ton in Tennessee for 2600 per ton and in Geor gia for 2200 per ton NEW LEGISLATION IN REGARD TO COMMERCIAL FERTILIZLKS The last Legislature enacted three important laws bearing upon fertilizing materials FirstAn Act to allow farmers to have analyses made of their fertilizers upon purchase under certain conditions and to cancel their indebtedness in case of failure of goods to reach their guaranteed analysis This bill is usually spoken of as the Ellington Bill from the name of the gentleman who intro duced it into the Senate Analyses under this Act will be found in this bul letin Second An Act to provide for tin inspection and analysis of all cotton seed meals This Act is called the Calvin Bill having been introduced by that gentleman in the House Analyses under the provisions of this Act will also be found in this bulletin ThirdA new general fertilizer law was passed late in the adjourned ses sion Under its wise provisions it has been possible to make all inspections of fertilizers after they were sacked and put upon the market This will prove a great protection to the farmer According to the old system of inspection goods were inspected in bulk before leaving the factory hi case a manufact urer was inclined te be unscrupulous an inspector might sometimes be di rected to a pile of very high grade goods when he had come to inspect a goods of a much different character It was also considered possible for a dis honest man to remix his goods after inspection As the law is now carried out neither of these two things are possible While we trust no manufacturer was so dishonest as to be guilty ol such practices we can but feel that there will be less of the occasional complaint that goods with high analyses have shown no better results than others with low ones This method of inspec tion in sacks after the goods are distributed over the State is certainly a great protection to honest manufacturers against those who may have availed them selves of any of the various schemes to secure higher analyses than their pro ducts will actually show when caught away from home and forced to stand upon the analysis of the contents of the branded sack this branded sack showing just what kind of lmm1s were actually bought by the farmer under this particular brand As inspections were not made in bulk this season before the goods left the factory but after they were distributed throughout the State we have been naturally considerably delayed in securing samples Heretofore each manu facturer has been anxious to have an inspector come immediately at the open ing of the season to inspect his goods as he could not ship until this was done Besides his goods at the opening of the fertilizer year were well sea soned and the percentage of valuable ingredients well known from the analysis of his private chemist Later in tfie year when the first stock is exhausted hurriedly made goods costing the manufacturer just as much to make them as the first lot do not always show as good analyses and are conse quently not so valuable as plant food 226ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 18923 5 The inspectors now take samples wherever they can find the goods sacked and although this combined with the slowness of some manufacturers to reg iste probably on account of not fully understanding the new law has caused some delay yet by diligent and close application to the duties of the depart ment the work has been fully kept up with during the season GUARANTEED ANALYSIS In this Bulletin is published the minimum guaranteed analysis of the man ufacturers The maximum guaranteed analysis is omitted as being misleading in some instances the goods not approximating it nor being intended to do so While this is not true of the majority of brands yet as the maker is only legally bound by his minimum guarantee no other is given COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS ADDRESS DELIVERED BY DR G F PAYNE BEFORE THE GEOR GIA STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AT COTHBERT GA FEBRUARY 11 1892 Ldies and GentlemenThe subject upon which I have been requestsd to make a few remarks is one no doubt with which all of the gentlemen present are more or less familiar and one with which 1 trust the ladies will not get out of patience and that is commercial fertilizers From the earliest days of ancient agriculture when the soil was turned with a crooked stick until the present with its sulky and steam plows has the value of animal manure been fully recognized In no countrv has the use of farm yard manure been more fully developed than in modern France It is a maxim there that no farm can be cultivated successfully without keeping stock and that stock are a necessary evil Yet France today turns to chemical manures as her only hope of salvation from the agricultural depression of the present With her small holdings of land and the competition of the broad acres of foreign countries she is studying the matter deeply and treating it as a busi ness problem which involves securing the most profitable returns for the cap ital and labor expended The use of farmyard manure in Georgia today is certainly impracticable on a large scale nor do I believe that it is in the line of true progress That eminent French writer and chemist Monsieur Georges Ville who has probably studied the subject as thoroughly as it has ever been done says that it is an undeniable fact that except under rare and altogether exceptional circumstances farming operatons carried on solely with manure produced on the farm itself have for a long time ceased to be remunerative Chemical fertilizers are but in their infancy they belong to the nineteenth century developments with the locomotive and the electric light The farmers of Georgia left destitute by the results of the war the slaves no longer their own their stock consumed in warfare and as food for both friend 2276 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA and foe quickly availed themselves of the most advanced knowledge on the subject and the fertilizer business of Georgia has rapidly grown to bean enormous one Fifteen years ago no fertilizers were made in the State although the busi ness was even then well under way but was in the products of outside factories The season preceding the last Georgias consumption of chemical fertilizers suddenly increased over forty per cent This large quantity used in 1890 was greatly exceeded in 1891 just past The amount reaching over three hundred thousand tons by far the largest quantity sold in any State in the Union What was the result Two of the largest cotton crops known in the history of the State The low price of cotton which resulted from these two successive enormous crops has been most disastrous unusually large crops thrown upon the markets of the world demoralized values The crop of 1890 found a good market at fair prices the impression abroad being that it was an exceptionally good year but when the figures of 1891 began to roll up the impression be came general that the huge yield had become a permanency and prices rap idly sank in sympathy with this view of the situation Chemical fertilizers had bountifully fulfilled all which had been expected of them but the judg ment which had placed them all under cotton was at fault With the famines in Europe and the high prices of wheat corn and oats with the splendid sea sons we enjoy how different would have been the result if onefourth of our fertilizers labor and fields had been given up to these grains during the past year There would have been less western corn and bacon to buy at high pries and a small but far more profitable cotton crop Time and again it has been demonstrated that land which in its ordinary state can only raise from onefourth to onethird of a bale of cotton per acre by the use of chemical manures can be made to yield from one to two bales or even more To buy one acre and work one acre and fertilize it must be more profitable than paying for six times as much land and six times as much labor and at the end of the season securing only an equal harvest This fact is no doubt fully understood and appreciated by you all In the growth of all plants there are only fourteen different substances re quired These fourteen elements as they are called are carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulphur chlorine silicon iron manganese cal cium magnesium sodium and potassium There are many thousand species of plants yet all of them both edible and nonedible harmless and poisonous contain nothing more than these fourteen above named bodies Ordinary air contains nitrogen oxygen and carbonic acid and water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen hence these two sources yield a never failing supply of carbon oxygen and hydrogen While nitrogen is present in enormous quantities in our atmosphere only such plants as clovers peas beans etc are able to obtain a supply from this source The four substances phosphorus nitrogen potash and calcium when ex hausted from a soil cause it to be sterile of the other ten elements necessary for plant growth three carbon oxogen and hydrogen are furnished by the atmosphere and the rains The remaining seven sulphur chlorine silicon iron manganese magnesium and sodium exist in nearly all soils in ample quantities To restore exhausted fields to their original fertility or to even greater rich ness the farmer must add either one or more as his land may require of phos 228ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1892 3 7 phorus nitrogen potash or calcium A fertilizer containing these four ingre dients is called a complete manure Many clav soils which are formed by the decomposition of felaspathic rocks at first contain ample potash Such lands could be most economically fertilized by omitting potash were it not for the fact that the available potash is soluble in water and is frequently rapidly washed out of cultivated fields by the rains Some sections contain much lime which is a form of calcium furnished by limestone marls etc Lime salts are not so readily washed out of arable soils as those of potash and besides existing usually in sufficient quantity in the land they exist as sulphate of lime in considerable amount in all our fertilizers as they are commonly manufactured from phosphate rock or bone ior these reasons phosphorus nitrogen and potash are universally considered as the valuable ingredients of commercial fertilizers The more progressive agricultural States now publish annually what they consider a fair valuation on these three articles of plant food Phosphorus is sold in the form of phosphoric acid nitrogen is offered in such combinations as nitrogenous organic bodies ammonias nitrates etc potash is usually sold in the form of a muriate or a sulphate The valuations are fixed by the various States upon the exact percentage contained in a fertilizer of available phosphoric acid ammonia or nitrogen and actual potash These three most valuable plant foods occur in many forms Facn of tnem when in a state of absolute purity are perfectly colorless The most concen trated fertilizer it is possible to produce would exist as a pure white powder without smell It is a great mistake to think that color or smell indicates the worth of a fertilizer They actually indicate the presence of unnecessary bodies The infinite and allwise mind has with wonderful wisdom prepared great storehouses of phosphates nitrates and potashes for our use Phosphates are found in large quantities in South Carolina Florida Canada and in a number of foreign localities Immense beds of nitrates are found i Chili And at Stassfurtb Germany potash salts are mined so cheaply that they are sold in this country at the same price per pound of actual potash as is charged per pound for available phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid is the most important of the fertilizing chemicals to the Georgia farmer Nearly every unfertile soil needs it and it is the dominant of cotton and of corn Our chief sources of this valuable fertilizer are the phosphates of lime Bone meal owes its value to both the phosphate of lime and the nitrogenous animal matter which it contains Bone meal is expensive and while furnishing much nitrogen its phosphoric acid is but slowly given up to the plant When treated with strong mineral acids part of the lime is taken up by the strong acid and the phosphoric acid becomes available to the plant Bone meal bone ash bone black and phosphate rock are treated with strong sulphuric acid forming acid phosphates and superphosphates Both bone and phosphaterock the latter being chiefly used because so muck cheaper are tricalcic phosphates that is every molecule of phosphoric acid is combined with three molecules of lime Florida phosphaterock and South Carolina phosphaterock are both tricalcic phosphates This form of phosphoric acid combined with three parts of lime is insoluble cither in water or the weak acids of the soil hence we call it insoluble because 2298 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA it is insoluble in the fields Strong sulphuric acid will dissolve it and by means of it are phosphate rocks made available as plant food Tricalcic phosphate or bone phosphate as it is sometimes called is forced to give up two of its mole cules of lime to the powerful sulphuric acid forming sulphate of lime or gyp sum The tricalcic phosphate of lime has now become a monocalcic phos phate only one molecule of lime being combined with the phosphoric acid This monocalcic phosphate is solubleMn water and readily available to the plant The sulphuric acid is neutralized by the lime The product is spoken of as superphosphate of lime or as an acid phosphate of lime The term acid phosphate is usually thought to refer to the neutralized sulphuric acid but really refers to the excess of phosphoric acid in the existing lime salt The original tricalcic phosphate containing an excess of the lime or base might bespoken of as baic phosphate of lime When acid phosphate of lime has been made some time this excess of phosphoric acid manages to get back some of the lime and then we have bicalcic phosphateone molpcule of phosphoric acid to two of lime This va riety of phosphate of lime is insoluble in water but soluble in the weak acids of the soil It is also called reverted or gone back phosphoric acid and is always included as available When one looks at the analyses of acid phosphates and notices that they only contain about fifteen per cent or even less of available phosphoric acid he naturally wishes to know what is the balance of its ingredients Phosphate rock is the chief source of phosphoric acid and only contains on an average from fiftyfive to sixty per cent of tricalcic or bone phosphate the other thirtyfive or forty per cent consists of water sand iron alumina and sulphates and carbonates of lime and magnesia If these were separated it would increase the cost of the fertilizer considerably hence the crude rock is used The tricalcic phosphate in the rock only carries enough phosphoric acid to make the whole rock yield about thirty per cent of it so when to a ton of this thirty per cent rock a ton of sulphuric acid is added to render the phos phoric acid available we have the whole thirty per cent distributed between the resulting twotonsof acid phosphate which gives fifteen per cent to each of them By far the largest percentage of any ingredient in the goods will be the sulphate of lime or gypsum formed by the sulphuric acid combining with two thirds of the lime present Goods can be made much more concentrated by freeing them from this large quantity of sulphate of lime but of course at an increased cost per pound for the available phosphoric acid This would be somewhat offset by themuch smaller expense of shipping more concentrated goods I recently analvzed an acid phosphate containing over fortythree per cent of available phosphoric acid and nearly all of it was present in the soluble form Nitrogen and ammonia are obtained from many different sources In some States the valuations are made upon the nitrogen contacted in a fertiizer and in other States it is based upon the ammonia calculated from the nitrogen Seventeen pounds of ammonia containing fourteen pounds of nitrogen Nitrogen is obtained from nitrate of soda fish scrap tankage blood cotton seed meal and ammonia salts Nitrate of soda is equivalent to nineteen per cent of ammonia fish scrap to about seven per cent tankage to nine per cent blood about sixteen per cent cotton seed meal about eight per cent and sulphate of ammonia about twentyfive per cent As ammonia in its free state is a gas it is sold in combination with some acid like sulphuric acid to 230ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZEES18923 form an easily handled salt Nitric acid which is another form of nitrogen is usually sold in combination with some base like soda for instance terming nitrate of soda These are our strongest commercial nitrogenous manures and only carry nitrogen equivalent to twentyfive and nineteen per cent of ammonia To concentrate the ammonia of fih scrap tankage blood or cotton seed meal would he impracticable on account of the expense and there would also be a loss of some phosphoric acid and potash Potash is chiefly obtained from the salts of potash imported as ballast from Stassfurth Germany The impure sulphate of potash or kainit contains only about twelve per cent of actual potash To free it from its impurities increases the value per pound of the actual potash Munate of potash or chlorkalium the name under which the Germans sell it contains eighty per cent of muriate potash or about fifty per cent actual potash Pure potash absorbs water from the air and is very caustic To free t from its combinaions would not only increase the cost but make it difficult to handle With acid phosphates carrying fifteen per cent available phosphoric acid ammoniates with seven to twentyfive ammonia and potash salts containing from twelve to fifty per cent of potash it is easy to see how hard it is with such crude material to produce an approximately pure fertilizer except by considerably increasing the expense by purification With the Georgia valuation of four cents a pound on phosphoric acid twelve cents a pound on ammonia and four cents a pound for potash a fairly average chemical fertilizer figures up to a value of sixteen dollars per ton not includ ing mixing and sacking Our chemical manures are not as concentrated as we would like yet they are many times more concentrated than ordinary barn yard manure Barn yard manure contains only 1 per cent of phosphoric acid i per cent of ammonia and per cent of potash Now if weestimate these three ingredients at the valuations of the Department of Agriculture of four cents per pound for available phosphoric acid twelve cents a pound for ammonia and four cents a poundfor potash as other fertilizers are valued we will have in a ton of good barnyard manure twentyeight cents worth of phos phoric acid 144 worth of ammonia and twentyfour cents worth of potash a total value of 196 per ton Now in a ton of an average chemical fertilizer there is ten per cent of available phosphoric acid worth 800 two and a half per cent of ammonia worth 600 two and onehalf per cent of potash worth 200 which gives a total value of 1600 per ton or over eight times the value of the stable yard manure When mixed with much hay or straw barnyard ma nuure is worth even less than 196 a ton I have given the value of a good sample of it at just the price its fertilizing ingredients can be bought for in the open market There are chemical manures now sold in this State containing eight per cent available phosphoric acid six per cent ammonia and six per cent of potash A ton of this high grade goods at above valuations would be worth over 2500 so we can state in round numbers that a ton of commercial fertilizer is worth from eight to twelve tons of ordinary manure To attempt to sustain the fertility of a field by only adding the manure pro duced by the animals fed upon its crops is impracticable as every product sold from that field must diminish its contents of plant food and the disinte gration of the soil is far too slow to supply such waste The bulky nature of farmyard manures either fluid or solid makes them expensive articles to handle I know of a case where a gentleman some 23110 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA miles from a large city was offered these two manures free if he would haul them away By careful calculation lie found that he could purchase the same amount of fertilizing materials in the form of chemicals and lay them down on his farm for less money than the cost of hauling the bulky manure We still have some of the old false ideas clinging to us Farmers yet be lieve that a dark fertilizer is better than a light colored one So manufact urers put in a few pounds of lampblack and where smell is desired fish scrap furnishes much smell for very little fish Manufacturers natura lv wish to please the fancies of their customers When a farmer buys a fertilizer on time he has to pay a long price to cover probable losses and the manufacturer explains this away by saying that the valuations of the Department are entirely too low and that goods cannot pos sibly be bought at the values given In reply to this I will state that I have letters from the majority of the prominent manufacturers offering to sell for cash at prices well within the limits of these valuations It is from their cash prices that valuatians are gotten up by the Department During the past season there was sold in this State over 300000 tons of commercial fertilizers As the average chemical fertilizer is eight times as con centrated as good barnyard manure this amount of 300000 tons would have required 2400000 tons of the manure produced on the farm to equal it The pasage of the no fence law in many of the counties has actually decreased the amount of stock owned in Georgia Farmers dislike to fence in their cattle and do not care to give up half their fields for pasturage as is done in Europe for the purpose of saving their manure The enormous sales of chem ical fertilizers show the high estimate of theirvalue and how necessary they have become With the low price of cotton the problem is now how to pro duce the crop most cheaply under the conditions existing on a given farm Plie individual farmer cannot control the size of the general crop nor its price in the markets of the world but he can largely control its cost of production to himself and consequently his profit or loss One means by which this can be done is that of testing the requirements of his fields for a given nop and learning what it needs and what it does not need This an be done by a farmer by dividing an average section of his land into seven plats and fertilizing one with phosphoric acid another with ammonia one with both phosphoric acid and ammonia then one with potash another with phosphoric acid and potash one with potash and ammonia and still an other with all three phosphoric acid ammonia and potash In another set of similar plats fertilized as above he can test the value of the addition of lime to each and in the fifteenth plat he can try the value of the addition of lime alone Use the same amount of seed in each plat cultivate all alike and at the end of the season weigh the result of the harvest from each separately This experiment will show you what it is not necessary to buy as your land does not need it and what must be added to produce the best results In raising some crops there may be occasionally an absence in the soil of one of the seven elements usually considered existing in ample quantity Dr Griffiths the celebrated English agriculturalist found that the addition of only 100 pounds of iron sulphate to the acre increased his crop of beans nearly fifty per cent an enormous return for a small amount of a chemical worth only about 150 1 le also found that using a larger quantity than 1C0 pounds actually decreased his crop Chemists and fanners are studying the fertilizer question more closely thanANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 18923 11 ever bef6re Chemists are now looking diligently for an economical method of fixing the nitrogen of our boundless atmosphere The air we breathe is fourfifths nitrogen and only onefifth oxygen hence we have in air and water all the needed elements for making either nitrates or ammonia This fixing ot the nitrogen of the air can be done now but not cheaply enough A certaim chemist however is already claiming that he has discovered a method of se curing it which will cost only one cent a pound for the ammonia produced I trust the day is not far distant when the farmers of our State will not de pend upon complex manures containing many ingredients not needed but buy phosphoric acid ammonia and potash in the proportions demanded by their own particular lands for a given crop Ecomomical fertilization is to give the land onlv what is necessary and to avoid a policy like that of the shotgua prescription of many ingredients given by the doctor hoping that some will hit ELLINGTON BILL No 168 An let to regulate the sale of fertilizers in the State to fix a method for de termining the value of the same and for other purposes Section I Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and it is herebv enacted by authority of the same That from and after the passage of this Act it shall be lawful for any purchaser of fertilizer from any owner thereof or agent of such owner to require of the person selling and at the time of sale or delivery to take from each lot of each brand sold a sample of its contents Sec II Be it further enacted That said sample so taken shall be mxed to gether and placed in a bottle jar or such other receptacle as the purchaser may Present It shall then be the duty of such purchaser and seller to deliver said package to the Ordinary of the county who shall label same with the names of the parties and of the fertilizer Sec III Be it further enacted that said Ordinary shall safely keep said package allowing neither party access to the same save as hereinafter pro vided The Ordinary shall receive a fee of ten 10 cents from the party de positing such sample for each sample so deposited Sec IV Be it further enacted That should said purchaser after having used such fertilizer upon his crops have reason to believe from the yields thereof that said fertilizer was totally or partially worthless he shall notify the sele and applv to the Ordinary to forward the said sample deposited with him or a sufficiency thereof to insure a fair analysis to the State Chemist without 8tating the names of the parties the name of the fertilizer or giving its guar anteed analysis the cost of sending being prepaid by the Prc Sec V Beit further enacted That it shall be the duty of the State Chemist to analyze and send a copy of the result to said Ordinary Sec VI Be it further enacted That should said analysis show that said fer tilizer comes up to the guaranteed analysis upon which it is sold then the statement so sent to the State Chemist shall be conclusive evidence against plea of partial or tolal failure of consideration But should said analysis show that such fertilizer does not come up to the guaranteed analysis then the sale12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA shall be illegal null and void and when suit is brought upon any evidence of indebtedness given for such fertilizer the statement of such Chemist so trans muted to the Ordinary shall be conclusive evidence of the facts whether such evidence of indebtedness is held by an innocent third party or not Sec VII Beit further enacted That in lieu of the State Chemist should the parties to the contract agree upon some other chemist to make said analy sis all the provisions of this Act shall apply to his analysis and report to I he ordinary Sec VIII Be it further enacted That should the seller refuse to take said sample when so required by the purchaser then upon proof of this fact the purchaser shall be entitled to his plea of failure of consideration and to support the same by proof of the want of effe3t and benefit of said fertijizer upon his crop which proof shall be sufficient to authorize the jury to sustain defendants plea within whole or in part whether said suit is brought by an innocent holder or not Sec IX Be it further enacted That all laws and parts of laws in c inflict this Act be and the same are hereby repealed Approved December 27 1890 Special attention is called to Sec IRequiring seller to take the sample Sue IIRequiring purchaser and seler to deliver pask ige t Ordinary Sec IIIRequiring Ordinary to keep package allowing neither party access to the same Sec IRequiring the forwarding of samples after seeing the yield of crop Sec IVRequiring cost of sending being prepaid by purchaser REMARKS ON THE ELLINGTON BILL Unless the law is complied with and samples are taken in the presence of purchaser and seller and kept in charge of the Ordinary the State Chemist will not make the analyses If the sample is nottaken in the presence of the seller and kept in charge by the Ordinary until sent to the Chemist a dishonestpur ehaser by taking his own sample during the absence of the sell r and mix ing it with dirt could cause the ruin of an honest man and vice versa a rascally dealer by adding nch ingredients or substituting another sample could swindle an honest farmer It is impossible under the law for the Chemist to have any knowledge whatever of the names of the parties or of the names of the fertilizers or of their guarantees This is eminently proper as it is equally so that neither pur chaser nor seller should have private access to the sample The farmers desire protection against lowgrade goods and dishonest dealers proper care and attention to this law will certainly secure it The State Chemist earnestly requests the sealing with wax of all samples in presence of buyer and seller Although the law does not require it it is ad visable that it should be done A record should be kept by the rdinarv of the names of the two parties the names of the brand and the guarantee and the samples should be numbered as taken and a corresponding number should be put upon the bottles When the sample is sent to the Chemist everything should be scraped off the bottle but the number or the samples shonlrj be plac3d in another bottle and numbered to correspond with his record book to prevent samples geting mixed The Ordinary should write the name of the county on the package when shipping that the Chemist may know to what county the package belongs It is impossible sometimes to identify samples 234ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZLRS18923 13 which are sent to this office by the sender failing to write on the package where it is from COTTON SEED MEAL It Must be Inspected under the Calvin Bill The Calvin Bill relating to the inspection and analyses of cotton seed meal does not seem to be thoroughly understood by manufacturers and dealers in licit1 flltlflt1 Under the bill all cotton seed meal must be inspected and analyzed before it can without violating the law be sold or offered for sale to be used as a fer tilizer or for any other purpose Rules and regulations governing these inspections have been prescribed by the Commissioner and will be printed but in order that through misappre hension no sales in violation of the Act may be made the Commissioner issues the following Calvin BUI A bill to be entitled an Act to require all cotton seed meal to be subjected to analysis and inspection as a condition precedent to being offered for sale and to forbid the sale in this State of such cotton seed meal if it be Suown by the offical analysis that the same contains less than 1 per centum of am monia to prescribe a penalty for the violation of the provisions of this Act and for other purposes Section I Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and it is hereby enacted bv the authority of the same That from and after the passage of this Act it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to offer for sale in this State anv cotton seed meal until the same shall have been duly analyzed by the rtate Chemist and inspected as now required by law in the matter of all fertilizers and rhwnieals for manufacturing or composting purposes nor shall it be lawful to offer such cotton seed meal for sale in this Stale if it be shown by the official analysis that the same contains less than 7J per centum of ammonia pronided that the provisions of this Act as to the per centum mentioned in this secton shall not apply to meal mamtfactured from sea island cotton seed but the Commissioner of Agriculture shall upon the passage of this Act fix and make public a minimum per centum which shall control as to the cotton seed meal referred to in this proviso provided further that if any cotton seed meal shall not analyze up to the required per centum of am monia the same may be offered for sale as secondclass meal provided the analvsis be made known to the purchaser and stamped on the sack Sec II Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid That there shall be branded upon or attached to each sack barrel or package of cotton seed meal offered for sale in this State the true analysis as determined by the State Chemist and the number of pounds net in such sack barrel or package Sec Iir Beit further enacted by the authority aforesaid That it shall be thedutyof the Commissioner of Agriculture to take all steps necessary to make effective the provisions of sections 1 and 2 of this Act Section IV of the Act makes the person or persons violating the provisions of the Act guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Code Sec V repeals conflicting laws 23514 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 1 desire to call the attention of all manufacturers of and dealers in cotton seed meal to the above law which requires the inspection tagging and analy sis of all cotton seed meal whether sold for cattle food fertilizer purposes or ther uses This law will be enforced and I most earnestly request all manu facturers to promptly comply with its requirements And in case of doubt as to the method to apply to the Department of Agriculture for the rules and regulations governing such inspections R T NESBITT Commissioner of Agriculture NEW LAW GOVERNING THE INSPECTION OF FERTIL IZERS AND FERTILIZER MATERIAL On the 19th of October 1891 an Act the full text of which is here given wasr approved by the Governor In many respects it changes the method of inspect ing fertilizers and fertilizer materials and in these changes the Commissioner trusts that all manufacturers and dealers or their agents will willingly acquiesce as the Department will require and will see that the law and the regulaions established by the Commissioner are carried out The assent and coopera tion of manufacturers and dealers or their agents will obviouslv render their dealings with the Department more pleasant and at the same time will better enable the Commissioner to give an efficient service and will aid him more readily to detect any spurious article that is sought to be imposed upon the people of the State and in protecting the farmers at the same time to protect the honest manufacturer and dealer AN ACT To amend and consolidate the laws governing the inspection analysis and sale of commercial fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed meal in the State ot Georgia and to repeal all other laws and parts of laws in conflict there with and for other purposes Section I Be it enacted by the General Assemblv of the State of Georgia That all manufacturers of or dealers in commercial fertilizers or chemicals or cotton seed meal to be used in manufacturing the same who may desire to sell or offer tor sale in the State of Georgia such fertilizers chemicals or cot ton seed meal shall first file with the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State ot Georgia the name of each brand of fertilizers or chemicals which he or thev may desire to sell in said State cither by themselves or their agents together with the name of the manufacturer the place where manufactured and also the guaranteed analysis thereof and if the same fertilizer is sold under dif ferent names said fact shall be so stated and the different brands that are identical shall be named Sec II Be it further enacted That all fertilizers or chemicals for manufact uring the same and all cottonseed meal offered for sale or distribution in this State shall have branded upon or attached to each bag barrel or pack age the guaranteed analysis thereof showing the percentage of valuable ele ments or ingredientssuch fertilizers or chemicals contain embracing the fol lowing determinations 236ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 15 per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent Moisture at 212 deg Fab Insoluble phosphoric acid Available phosphoricacid Ammonia actual and potential Potash K0 The analysis so placed upon or attached to said fertilizer or chemical shall be a guarantee by the manufacturer agent or person offering the same for sale that it contains substantially the ingredients indicated thereby in the per centages named therein and said guarantee shall be binding on said manufact urer agent or dealer and may be pleaded in any action or suit at law to show total or partial failure of consideration in the contract for the sale of said fer tilizer chemical or cotton seed meal Sec III Be it further enacted That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to forbid the sale of either of the following Any acid phos phate which contains less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid any acid phosphate with potash which contains a sum total of less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid and potash when the per cents of the two are added together any acid phosphate with ammonia which contains a sum total of less than ten per centum of available phosphate acid and ammo nia when the per cents of the two are added together any acid phosphate with ammonia and potash which oontains a sum total of less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid ammonia and potash when the per cents of the three are added together that no brands shall be sold as ammomated super phosphates unless said brands contain 2 per cent or more of ammonia And also to forbid the sale of all cotton seed meal which is shown by official analysis to contain less than 11 per centum of ammonia Nothing m this Ac shall be construed to nullify any of the requirements of an Act entitled an Act to require the inspection and analysis of cotton seed meal Sec IV Be it further enacted That all persons or firms who may desire or intend to sell fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal in this State shall tor ward to the Commissioner of Agriculture a printed or plainly written request for the tags therefor stating the nameof the brand the name of thefact urer the Place where manufactured the number of tons of each brand and the number of tags required and the person or persons to whom the same is consigned the guaranteed analysis also the number of pounds contained in each bag barrel or package in which said fertilizer chemical or cottonseed meal is put up And shall at the time of said request tor tags forward directly to the Commissioner of Agriculture the sum of ten cents per ton tion fee whereupon it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to issue tags to parties so applying who shall attach a tag to or package thereof which when so attached to said bag barrel or package shall be prima facia evidence that theseller has complied with the require mentloHnis Act Any tags left in the possession of the manufacturers or dealers at the end of the season shall not be used for another season nor shall thev be redeemable by the Department of Agriculture Sec V Be it further enacted That itshall not be lawful for any person firm or corporation either by themselves or their agents to sell or to atom this State any fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal without first register ine the same with the Commissioner of Agriculture as requiredby this Act and the fact that the purchaser waives the inspection and analysis thereof shall be no protection to said party so selling or offering the same for sale OS7DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Sec VI Be it further enacted That the Commissioner of Agriculture shall appoint twelve inspectors of fertilizers or so many inspectors as in said Commissioners judgment may he necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms as said Commissioner of Agriculture shall in his judgment think best for carrying out the provisions of this Act The greatest compensa tion that any one inspector of fertilizers shall receive shall be at the rate of one hundred dollars per month and his actual expenses while in the dis charge of his duty as such inspector It shall be their duty to inspect all fertili zers chemicals or cotton seed meal that may be found at any point within the limits of this State and so to any point when so directed by the Commis sioner of Agriculture and shall see that all fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal are properly tagged Sec VII Be it further enacted That each inspector of fertilizers shall be provided with bottles in which to place samples of fertilizers chemicals or cotton seed meal drawn by him and shall also be provided with leaden tags numbered in duplicate from one upward and it shall be the duty of each in spector of fertilizers to draw a sample of all fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed meal that he may be requested to inspect or that he may find unin spected and he shall fill two sample bottles with each brand and place one leaden tag of same number in each sample bottle and shall plainly write on a label on said bottles the number corresponding tp the number on said leaden tags in said bottles and shall also write on the label on one of said bottles the name of the fertilizer chemical or cottonseed meal inspected the name of the manufacturer the place where manufactured the place where inspected the date of inspection and the name of inspector and shall send or cause to be sent to the Commissioner of Agriculture the samples so drawn by him an nexed to a full report of said inspection written on the form prescribed by said Commissioner of Agriculture which report must be numbered to cor respond with the number on said sample bottles and number on the leaden tags placed therein and it shall also be the duty of said inspectors of fertili zers to keep a complete record of all inspections made by them on forms pre scribed by said Commissioner of Agriculture Before entering upon the dis charge of their duties they shall take and subscribe before some officer au thorize to administer the same an oath faithfully to discharge all the duties which may be required of them in pursuance of this Act Sec VIII Be it further enacted That the Commissioner of Agriculture shall have the authority to establish such rules and regulations in regard to the inspection analysis and sale of fertilizers chemicals and cotton seed meal not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as in his judgment will best carry out the requirements thereof Sec IX Be it further enacted That it shall be the duty of the onunissioner of Agriculture to keep a correct account of all money received from the in spection of fertilizers and to pay the same into the Treasury after paving out the said sum of expenses and salaries of inspectors and for the tags and bottles used in making such inspections S X Be it further enacted That all contracts forthe sale of fertilizers or chemicals in the Slate of Georgia made in any other manner than as required by this Act shall be absolutely void provided that nothing in this Act shall be construed to restrict or avoid sales of acid phosphate kainit or other fertili zer material in bulk to each other by importers manufacturers or manipu lators who mix fertilizer material for sale or as preventing the free and unre 238ANALYSED OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERSsic 3 17 stricted shipment of these articles in bulk to manufacturers or manipulators who mix fertilizer material for sale Sue XL Be it further enacted That any person selling or offering for sale any fertilizers or chemicals without having first complied with the provisiohs of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Code of Georgia Sec XIII Be it further enacted That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act be and the same are hereby repealed 1 With the provisions of the above law the Commissioner requests that all manufacturers and dealers in commercial fertilizers chemicals and other fertilizer material immediately comply While the law itself is Miffieiently explicit to be thoroughly understood to facilitate its operations the following form is precribed REQUEST FOP REGISTRATION To R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga You are hereby requested to reg iter for sale and distribution in the State of Geomiamanufactured by at THE1FOLLOWING IS THE GUARANTEED ANALYSIS OF THE BRAND Moisture at 212 Fahpercent insoluble phosphoric acidpercent Available phosphoric acidPer cent Ammonia actual and potentialpercent Potash K Opercent The ammonia is in the form of Theis put up in lbs each It is identical with In consideration of being allowod to sell and distribute the above brand before the official analysis thereof is madeagree and bind to cancel all sales thereof and forfeit all claims for purchase money therefor if after the official analysis is made the Commissioner of Agriculture shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law of 2 Under section 4 relating to request for tags in order that no delay may occur in shipments the manufactuer or dealer need not notify the Depart ment at the time of the request for tags of the name of the purchaser or con signee but must notify the Commissioner in writing of every sale or consign ment on the day in which the same is made This notice must distinctly state the brand of the fertitizer or the name of the chemical or fertilizer material 2 23918 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA and the number of tons together with the name of the purchaser or consignee and their place of residence It must request inspection and contain an agree ment to cancel all sales thereof in the event the Commissioner shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law The following form may be used substantial compliance with the above rule being regarded as sufficient NOTICE OF SALES AND CONSIGNMENTS AND REQUEST FOR INSPECTION 189 To It T Nesbilt Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga You are hereby notified thathave this day made the fol lowing sales and consignments and request that the same be inspected 3 d a CQ w od 3 2 01 L o o H t s 02 1 o 3 0 boS o ec o o fc fe 5 In consideration of being allowed to sell and distribute the above before the official analysis thereof is madeagree and bind to cancel all sales thereof and forfeit all claims for purchase money therefor if after the official analysis is made the Commissioner of Agriculture shall prohibit its sale in accordance with law Manufacturers and dealers by this rule are not required to delay ship ment in order that the inspection may be made but are required to see that their goods are properly tagged the inspection being made while the fertilizer or fertilizer material is in the hands of the purchaser or consignee 3 All orders for tags must be sent direct to this Department and the request must be accompanied with the fees for inspection at the rate of ten cents per ton for the fertilizer or fertilizer material on which they are to be used Manufacturers and dealers or their agents may request tags in such quanti ties as they see fit but each request must state distinctly the brand or brands on which they are to be used with the number of tons of the brand or of each of said brands It is not necessary that the fertilizer or fertilizer material be actually on hand at the time the request is made but manufacturers or dealers can order such a number of tags as they may need during the season bearing in mind that no tags carried over will be redeemed by the Department In the event that more tags are ordered for any brand than it is ascer tained can be used on the sales and consignments of that brand by proper notice with the consent of the Commissioner the tags can be used on an other brand put up in packages or sacks of the same weight and sold or consigned the same season 4 If a fertilizer be offered for registration inspection or sale branded as either of the following 240ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 1 Amuaoniated Superphosphate Auimoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Guano Guano Fertilizer or other words implying that the same is an ammoniated superphosphate the guaranteed analysis must claim that it contains not less than 2 per cent of ammonia actual or potential 5 That part of section 3 excepting from the operations of the Act an Act to require the inspection and analysis of cotton seed meal leaves the inspection of that article under the Calvin bill which requires that all cot ton seed meal for whatsoever purpose to be used be inspected It is there fore necessary and is required that a request for inspection be sent to the Commissioner and that the inspection be made in the hands of the manu facturer dealer or their agent or if shipped in the State at some conven ient point before the meal is sold or distributed In all cases fees will be sent direct to the Commissioner who will immediately order the nearest inspector to make the inspection WHY ANALYSES OF THE SAME BRAND OF FERTILIZERS VARY Manufacturers do not always give the thorough mixing of their goods that close attention and study which is required to produce fertilizers of an even character throughout If a mixture is not very intimately made each small sample which is taken for analysis may vary considerably Manufacturers are very much disposed to lay these differences upon the Chemists when in the majority of cases the whole trouble is in the imperfect mixing The crude materials used in making complete fertilizers give chemists as a rule far less trouble than the mixed goods although the fact that crude mate rials must vary is generally understood To mix fifty pounds of rough muriate of potash in a ton of fertilizer as is sometimes done and secure a perfect mixture is almost impossible Samples taken from different parts of such a compound have actually varied in potash from less than one per cent to over four per cent Weights and measures are often handled roughly and quickly and some manufacturers appear to believe that badly mixed goods after standing and becoming disintegrated by the sul phuric acid actually become well mixed If a solution is made up from a fertili zer and several determinations made from that same solution theytally beau tifully but if separate weighings are made from a supposed wellmixed sample the results never check so well Manufacturers think a wet mix ought to be perfect but as all the ingredients are weighed independently for each ton negroes usually doing this work and bricks in some establishments being used as weights it is easy to see how each ton may vary and the only wonder is that the goods run as uniformly as they do If a comparatively inert substance like cotton seed hulls or common earth are introduced in the manufacture of a fertilizer the former by its light weight js very much inclined to separate and rise to the top of the goods and the lat ter by its heavy weight to settle to the bottom A sample of such a goods if 24120 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA taken with too much of the hulls in it will run all the valuable ingredientstoo low and in the same way a sample of that with the earth in it is likely to run low in the substances of value if too much of the dirt gets in If simply crude materials are used and no lining as it is called it is usu ally the case that when goods run low in one ihgredient they make it up by running a 1 ttle higher in another To ilustae these points fourteen analyses are given of goods made by the same formula and claimed to be identical which were drawn out of separate batches from a large and wellequipped factory These samples show imper fect mixing wdiether from too rough weighings or bad manipulat on it is diffi cult to decide with only small samples drwn by other paties Attention is called to the varying amounts of moisture insoluble phosphoric acid and ammonia Moisture varies 830 per cent insoluble phosphoric acid 413 per cant ammonia 77 per cent and potash 95 per cent Moisture Insol Phos A Avail Phos A Ammonia Potash 14 95 233 9 95 2 37 216 15 00 224 10 30 229 219 1350 422 984 226 203 10 85 160 1017 2 33 24 1655 249 941 229 2 12 IB 50 2 43 921 225 220 1655 262 941 2 12 170 16 25 236 979 200 180 1775 100 10 90 193 160 1885 41 982 233 2 33 19 45 26 1011 2 53 230 21 SO 09 976 244 255 1905 90 946 250 235 1810 64 1011 2 70 2 45 Goods do not usually run so badly as those just described yet as such canes doocur it is well to bring out hecauses which produce them which may be summed up as improper weighing measuring and mixing George F Payne Grapes and Their Leaves Singularly Affected During the month of July IS II W Dews Esq of Newnan Ga sent to this department a lot of grape leaves nd green grapes hich bore many 8 ots of from a dark brown to a reddish lrown color These Were submitted to Dr Payne who made t lie EolJowi g report Underthe microscope noneof die spotshowe 1 signs of any fungi or foreign gro th As the spots first became visible after a slig t warm rain in July last v could not possibly b frot Upon analysis the spots showed the pres ence of free sulpliuri acid one hundred of the leaves yielding an amount equivalent to 6 c c of normal sulphuric acid This i what caused the dis coloration The fumes of sulphuric acid from some neighboring factory floated from the smokestack and settled on the leaves then the slight rain col lected the particles as it dripped from le if to leaf until strong enough for each drop to attack either the grapes or the leaves 242ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Analysis op a Fruit Preservative 1892 21 During the month of August 1892 a letter was received at this department from Judge J C Harman of Tennille Ga inclosing a sample of what was called Compound Extract of Salyx used in the California cold process and also a clipping from the Christian Lidex The letter and clipping is given below and Dr Paynes reply and result of analysis This will interest those using this preservative as we have heard itstated that the receipt is being sold at one dollar without the materials Tennille Ga August 5 1892 Hon R T Nesnitt Commissioner of Agriculture Dear SirI herewith enclose you a sample of what is called Compound Extract of Salyx used in the California cold process as you will note from the enclosed clipping from the Christian Index I am continually asked about this thing and believe it to be a humbug I have decided to send it through you to the Sate Chemist with whom I am not acquainted and beg you to re quest him to analyze it and let us know what it is We are unable to procure it at drug stores in Savannah or New York and they say they know nothing of it If you will get the stuff analyzed and let us know the opinion of the chemist on the effect of it as to its keeping qualities or properties if gord we can get it at home cheaper than fifty cents per ounce if not our people can be protected from a humbug The formula is to make a syrup of sugar 2o pounds water b gallons salyx 2 ounces This is to be poured over the fruit or veg etables salt 20 ounces salyx 2 ounces water 5 gallons I have an idea that the probabilities are the stuff if it will keep at all will keep without the salyx Very truly yours J C Harman New Concord Ohio Clipping from Christian Index We notice articles lately in several papers regarding preserving fniiVby the California cold process some write as though it was a patent and difficult to obtain the right to use it but such is not the case The material used is the compound extract of salyx which any druggist if he dpes not have it m stock can easily obtain It has been used by many large fruit houses for years so that the svstem is well established You donot heat or seal the fruit just put it in the vessel you wish to keep it in and pour the solution over the fruit and it will keep its natural color and taste for years You can keep currents on the stem green corn on the cob aud fruit or vegetables of any kind in a perfectly natural state The cost is only about one cent per quart and the labor almost nothing You can put up a bushel of berries in ten minutes easily We have put up hundreds of packages of fruit bv the California cold process and we have never had it to fail to give satisfaction and we have shipped fruit to all parts of the Unitedtales The salyx is made especially for preserving fruit and vegetables and the druggist from whom you buy will give you complete directions for using We have berries cherries grapes aud peas kept this way and we do not believe any one could tell them from fresh picked fruit and then it is so cheap and so little trouble that everybody can derive great benefit from the California old processes we feel confidents any one once trying it will never putup another L of fruit or use another method The Ohio Fruit Company 24322 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Office of State Chemist Atlanta Ga September 10th 1892 E Barman Esq Tennille Ga Dear SirYour letter to Hon K T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agricul ture has been referred to me The sample of white powder which you sent proves on analysis to be or thohydroxybenzoic acid which is commonly known as salicylic acid The name Compound Extract of Salyx under which it is sold is a some what fanciful designation made use of with the probable intention of produc ing the impression that it is some unusual preparation known by no other name and thus cause the business in this organic acid which may be devel oped by this advertising to redound to the benefit of the proprietors of Com pound Extract of Salyx The name salyx is not altogether misleading as salicylic acid was formerly made from salicin a bitter principle existing in the genus of plants known as sahx or willows It is made now however from a combination of soda car bolic acid and carbonic acid gas which is a much cheaper process It should not be spoken of as a compound as the sample sent is simply a firstclass article of unadulterated salicylic acid Salicylic acid is a powerful antiseptic and an excellent preservative of or ganic substances Having but little taste and being nonpoisonous in small quantises it has been much used for the preservation of such bodies Its use daily in articles of food is not to be recommended although its occasional use in moderate quantities will do no narm Onetwentyfifth of one per cent has a decided influence in retarding the souring of milk and fifteen hundredths of one per cent will preserve most organic mixtures It is said that in 1880 100000 pounds 50 tons of salicylic acid were used in I ranee to preserve foods and wines In 1881 the French government pro hibited its use on the ground that the prolonged employment of even very small quantities is dangerous and that in susceptible persons as especially aged individuals it is apt to cause disorder of digestion and disease of the kidneys The wholesale price of salicyPc acid is from 125 to 150 per pound A fair price at retail would be about 25 cents an ounce With best regards Very respectfully George F Payne LIME Lime is a beneficial fertilizer on some soils binding sandy lands together and loosening heavy clays besides adding a plant food which sometimes exist in too small a quantity in the soil Nearly all acid phosphates and complete fertilizers contain ample lime The acid phosphate of commerce is an acid phosphate of lime Marls which are principally carbonate of lime and clay with yery small percentages of phosphate of lime have been largely used in New Jersey tor fertilizing purposes the sales some seasons running as high as 50000 tons More concentrated fertilizers have become so cheap of late how ever that their use is falling off Lime fertilizers are brought into thisState and sold at about ten dollars per ton They are usually either land plaster 244ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 23 whicn is sulphate of lime or they arc carbonates of lime The best of them contain from thirty to thirtyeight per cent of actual lime In Southwest Georgia exist enormous deposits of carbonate of lime in a number of different forms and marls peculiarly rich in carbonate of lime many of them contain ing from forty to fiftyfour per cent of actual lime It is strange that lime goods mined in distant States should be bought by our farmers when a better article lies unused in boundless profusion in the lower portion of our State These limestones of Southwest Georgia burn into most excellent lime run ning ninety odd per cent pure lime They are easy to handle being often m concretionary forms and burn readily The pure caustic lime can be sold at five dollars a ton and a profit made If farmers wish to use lime let them buy the Southwest Georgia lime Slaked and spread on the soil it turns to carbon ate and one ton is equivalent to from two to two and a half tons of the ordi nary carbonates and sulphates of lime of commerce Consequently the saving in freight as well as first cost is very great To illustrate these facts the analyses of two Southwest Georgia lime stones are given below Also that of a shell lime from Brunswick and a lime burnt at Armena near Albany Georgia lne limestones and marls of Southwest Georgia have as yet no market value lhey can be secured at the cost of handling no doubt by any one who wishes to try them Both lime and marls show high in comparison with similar goods now on the market 13 d 2 5 QJ u CD 0 at o1 gee 8S 3 c3 u dvi s 3 0 m O X 04 a a a CD 0 Si Sm c3 T311 a O a O 3 O si a U iDft Carbonate of Lime S W Ga fflarl No 1 Soft Carbonate of LimeS W Ga Marl No 2 Oyster Shell Lime Brunswick Ga Lime from S W Ga Hard Carbonate ArmenaGa 262 130 trace trace 1208 trace 164 198 4052 5408 5928 9263 3111 4188 1955 2411 224 711 16 118 George F Payne State Chemist REPORT OF THE CHEMIST Laboratory of the State Chkmist State Capitol Atlanta Ga Aug 6th 1892 Hon R T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agriculture State of Georgia Dear SirThe location of the State Chemist being required by you to be in the State capitol upon my appointment in November 1890 my whole laboratory was moved from Macon to Atlanta 24524 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA That it was highly important that the State Chemist should be to cated in the capital was recognized by your predecessor in office who passed an order to that effect but for some reason it was after wards rescinded I found that no provision whatever had been made in the arrangement of the building for the work of the State Chemist The rooms which were available for the work required flooring work tables shelving furniture water pipes gas pipes and drainage and of the laboratory said to have been once owned by the State I found nothing but a lot of dismantled debris Upon calling attention of the legislature to the condition of affairs they promptly appropriated 48900 for plumbing flooring and shelving The amount of work required of the State Chemist of Georgia to properly protect the farmers in the purchase of fertilizers is larger in this State than in any other in the Union To accomplish their work the State Chemists of some of the other States have three and even tour assistants Appropriations of from five hundred to one thousand dollars a year were made by the legislature to replenish apparatus and chem icals until the removal of the work from Atlanta to the State Uni versity some years ago The work is now about six times as large as it was at that time and was increased by1 the last legislature by the passage of the Calvin and Ellington bills That one man can do this work in the time required and do it properly is a physical impossibility This matter was thoroughly gone over by the last legislature who decided that the State Chemist should have two assistants at one thousand dollars each per annum and one thousand dollars to replenish apparatus and chemicals The State Chemist is not fully reimbursed even by this amount U7nhe STn f mmi m assistant3 sals amounted to J220oOO and replenishing apparatus and chemicals to SI 265 76 These amounts were paid from my own pocket but were afterwards repaid by an act of the legislature The analysis of fertilizers is a matter involving many millions of dollars to farmers and manufacturers and only experienced chemiste can do the workproperly 100300 per annum is a salary at which it is difficult to get proper men I give my assistants more than this paying the difference out of my own salary The State not providing a porter I also employ one at my personal expense It is his duty to cleanse the large 246ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 25 amount of soiled apparatus which accumulates each day from the labors of three chemists The work of no assistant is made use of until I find he is thor oughly competent by repeated analyse made side by side with my own Besides this each chemical and solution used in the labora tory is tested and standardized by myself and every analysis includ ing those made by the assistants has my close attention and super vision every figure being gone over personally The methods of analysis always used are those adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of the United States which are considered the best throughout the world Fertilizers are sent to me by number only and they are all worked exactly alike It is customary in other States and has been the custom in this for the State Chemist to make occasional analyses for fertilizer man ufacturers to enable them to compound their goods in the proper proportions Valuable as such work must be to the manufacturers I have felt it best to refuse such analyses and all such samples which come to my office are respectfully referred to other chemists The season just passed has been an unusual one in the history of the Department of Agriculture The low prices of cotton and the financial depression of the country caused an uneasiness and want of confidence which made dealers slow to make contracts and man ufacturers but little inclined to sell During the months of Octo ber and November butfew goods were inspected and it was not un til January that fertilizer manufacturers began to accept the situa tion and to actively contest for the business The competition be came so vigorous that cuts in prices were made in many directions and the general prices of mixed fertilizers ranged lower than last season although the crude material used in their manufacture remained at about last years figures During the work of this season no sample of goods has been en countered which fell below the requirements of the States fertilizer law Last year four such samples were analyzed and their names published in the bulletins of the Department Last season a num ber of brands ran below their guarantees on potash and though from two to five samples were analyzed of each of these goods they all continued to run low This season there has been a marked improvement in potash and guarantees have been admirably sus 24726 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA tained These two facts will illustrate the great protection afforded the farmer by their inspections and analyses Last year the percentages of ammonia generally ran well above their guarantees this season there has been a marked tendency to barely meet guarantees on this valuable ingredient This has prob ably been caused in the majority of cases by the desire of the man ufacturers to meet the reductions in the selling price by a corre sponding reduction in the cost of manufacture Although it was not until January that samples began to come in freely from one to five analysis have been furnished of every fer tilizer inspected in the State This work has been completed much sooner than has been custo mary in spite of the great delay of samples in coming in at the ear lier part of the season It has only been possible however to ac complish it thus promptly and thoroughly by the whole force in my laboratory working two hours after office hours every working day and including holidays with the exception of Sundays The number of analyses made during the season were as follows i Acid Phosphate 101 Acid Phosphate with Ammonia 19 Acid Phosphate with Potash 52 Acid Phosphates with Ammonia and Potash complete fer tilizers 621 Potash Salts 28 Cotton Seed Meals 50 Chemicals not otherwise enumerated 18 Fertilizers under the Ellington Bill 6 Minerals 256 Mineral Waters 7 Marls 18 Natural Phosphates 57 1233 Very respectfully George F Payne State Chemist 248Table No i K Ammoniated Guanos Containing Two per Cent and Upward of Ammonia NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric Acid VI SI Guaranteed Analysis BY WHOM AND WHEKE MAN UFACTUKED H O w M Q d f H d w M I M O w Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone w Americus Guano Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ashepoo Fertilizer Ashley Complete Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone A A Special Preparation Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate Alliance Ammoniated Dissolved Bone A A Special Preparation E 116 K 116 D 106 D 106 C 107 H 111 H lOi C 102 C 108 D 139 F 104 E 133 C 145 A 109 2662 2662 C 18 C 18 C 7 2705 2715 B 14 U 2682 2657 2719 2016 A 10 990 990 1157 1157 1224 1699 1551 1352 1155 904 1687 1283 1385 907 3 445 445 123 129 203 362 178 97 146 267 168 184 564 564 759 759 781 709 6 7 859 618 652 784 739 811 245 245 160 160 255 206 246 103 206 346 266 191 209 268 809 809 919 919 1039 915 914 886 1063 964 918 975 948 1079 220 220 202 202 241 265 200 210 261 240 205 220 212 260 169 159 254 251 287 150 170 266 219 205 211 152 220 125 15 64 15 61 16 84 16 84 19 14 17 48 16 12 16 86 19 12 17 72 16 56 16 90 17 04 18 47 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Americus Guano Co Americns Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phcsphate Co Charleston S C Baldwin Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Rawls Webb Cuthbert Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore MdAmericus Guano Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Ammoniated Alkaline Phophate Ammoniated Dissolved Bjne Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Aurora Ammoniated Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Guano i Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Alliance Standard Alliance Complete Alliance Complete Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Allance H Grade Guano Atlantic Fertilizer Augusta High Grade Guano D 113 D 113 D 104 F 115 D 153 F 181 E 158 D 153 F 181 E 158 E 137 F 133 F 188 F 142 H 135 H 121 F 136 D 133 D 167 F 148 E 133 E 213 F 278 D 197 H 138 2656 2056 14 2714 2801 2791 2792 2801 2791 2792 2717 2721 2816 2776 2S2 2763 2772 2673 2945 2734 2719 2841 0 18 2995 2958 896 135 1365 1120 1188 51 1120 1188 517 1053 1010 1207 3 88 1234 1379 1187 1582 1363 995 1283 1252 1157 1132 992 114 114 362 261 81 77 397 81 77 397 115 109 225 155 96 90 700 700 783 861 714 729 486 714 7 4 8 603 636 791 614 8 43 178 824 110 203 1 267 235 445 14 313 759 764 801 784 571 739 681 765 1H7 197 10S 139 262 279 556 262 279 556 41 420 237 318 241 1 193 232 1 147 191 234 1 277 897 897 886 1000 976 10 1042 976 1008 1042 902 1113 873 1112 855 1023 1017 991 962 948 975 805 919 958 2401 219 240l 219 270i 1035 210 206 225 223 233 225 223 238 214 250 200 200 232 238 202 200 205 205 220 201 202 203 209 266 222 1 CD 168 172 160 168 172 355 253 12 279 168 178 146 1 159 125 151 277 254 173 189 17 29 17 29 16 8S 17 32 17 09 17 36 18 03 17 09 17 36 18 03 17 80 19 53 15 42 18 53 16 36 17 92 lfi 76 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 4 i i 16 44 1 16 49 16 11 16 90 10 08 16 84 16 52 17 41 2 I 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga 2 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga 2 2 Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal SC 2 2 Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C 2 1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 2 y2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 2X iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 2K 1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 2Jf iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 2X ll2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 2 VA Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga 2y2 1 Ga Farmers Oil F Co Madison Ga 2 1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md 2 2 Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C 2 V4 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md 2 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md 2 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md 2 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 2 1 Southern Phosphate Works MaconGa 2 1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga 2 1 The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md 2 1 ADAdairMcCartyBrosUlantaGa 2 1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 2 1 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C 2 1 Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga tr1 k co tq GO o o o K ts o tr1 is W H N M W COTABLE No 1Continued NAME OF BRAND 00 Augusta High Grade Guano P 132 Augusta Guano Co s FormulaH 226 Ashley Soluble Fish Guano E 254 AntiTrust Guano D 185 S AntiTrust GuanoJ 153 to Acid MealF 288 AramDniated Dissolved BoneJ 107 Ammoniated Dissolved BoneJ 107 Ammoniated Dissolved Bone A 131 Alliance High Grade GuanoD 216 Ammoniated Soluble Navassa GuanoF 142 Ammoniated Dissolved BoneB 138 Ammoniated Dissolved BoneH 178 A P Brantleys Reliable GuanoC 209 Alliance High Grade GuanoF 239 Alliance Standard GuanoF 287 2769 2957 3060 3109 3118 3084 2898 2889 2839 2991 2776 289 2897 2912 3095 3083 1002 1160 926 1281 1112 303 16 1646 1250 1485 1388 1235 1296 1358 979 1000 Phosphoric Acid 298 99 317 38 42 104 191 194 211 110 155 1 2C6 124 549 130 00 730 844 541 743 706 7 45 45 709 739 791 743 699 820 265 810 260 207 2S4 2 211 4 987 987 197 165 318 163 269 388 517 153 990 1051 825 976 917 1189 1032 1032 966 904 1112 906 878 1008 812 963 Co i 212 211 3 211 215 201 200 200 226 211 200 218 2S9 208 201 209 181 181 156 20 182 243 243 154 100 279 281 221 126 249 401 Gitarantfed Analysis 2S 17 06 1712 18 56 17 08 16 52 16 91 17 60 17 60 16 51 15 78 18 53 17 32 17 12 16 66 15 98 18 50 1 1 1 1 2 2 P 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga Ashley Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga Georgia FanrersOil Fertilizer Co Madison Ga Liebig Manufg Co Cartaret N J Liebig ManufgCo for Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga B R Legg Bro Marietta Ga Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Navassa Guato Co Wilmington N C Richland Guano Co Richland Ga Stubbs Tison Savannah Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co for A P Brantley Savannah Ga Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga J H Walker Griffin Ga o w IS w H IS z H O t Q W Q rj H cj X I O o w QAlliance Standard Guano Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Brannans Choice Animal Bone Fertilizer Biighams Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Blood and Bone Fertilizer Blood and Bone Fertilizer Boss Guano Boss Guano Bone Compound Burke County Fertilizer ll lisn 2947 F W3 819 E 135 2745 F 143 2739 D 146 2799 D 110 2111 D 107 2915 F HSJ 2734 E 111 42 t Bowkers Sol Paciiio Guano Co Bradleys Tobacco Fertilizer BloodBone and Fish Guano Boyds Animal Bone Guano Bakers Standard Butts County Guano Brannans Select Cotton Seed Meal Guano BuHalo Bone Guano Buffalo Bone Guano Bakers Cotton and Corn Ammd Fertilizer Blood Bone and Fish Guano H 110 F 235 D 229 D 234 E 294 E 439 F 192 E 136 F 110 F 110 F 2711 D 146 2708 2891 3085 3052 3054 3057 2818 2747 2918 2152 2968 2799 1084 968 1050 1190 1484 1793 111 63 995 1566 924 1569 1230 168 1159 1554 961 1053 1072 11 2 1083 1464 187 156 216 585 3 04 2 03 45 93 203 178 19 160 82 255 91 328 164 162 115 354 330 311 45 747 8 02 5 5 764 801 723 716 783 688 687 720 498 7 93 861 574 624 588 688 255 367 205 11 242 353 1 147 214 178 220 281 178 267 208 209 41 240 217 263 242 911 952 979 914 930 941 206 2 17 212 201 207 21 9621 2 05 948 205 937 231 891 223 152 121 195 181 114 140 159 125 182 205 1003 210 157 969 865 987 706 1002 902 814 841 851 930 284 251 257 222 201 319 214 234 225 202 207 151 1J 205 132 355 221 228 143 114 16 031 1 17 68 1 17 08I 2 16 19 1 15 92 16 34 16 49 16 11 17 10 11 75 11 92 17 17 11 92 17 31 14 71 19 33 17 16 50 16 56 15 40 15 92 1 Durham Fert Co Durhair N C 1 W M Mallet Jackson Ga X Coweta Fert Co Newnan Ga 1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga 1 Bead Fertilizer Co New York 1 Read Fertilizer Co New York 1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga 1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga 1 Goulding Fertiliser Cn Pensacola Fla and Dublin Ireland Waynesboro Oil Fert Co Waynes boro Ga Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass 2 Bradley Feitilizer Co Boston Mass 1 Cairo Fertilizer Co Cairo Ga 1 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga 2 Chemical Co cf Canton Baltimore Md 1 T R Cannichael Jack on Ga i Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga 1 Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga 1 Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga 1 Greenville Fert Co Greenville S C 1 Ifiead Fert Co New York N Y C Kl go K GO O fa Q O g g fa W Q ti fa fa W H faTABLE No 1Continued NAME OF BRAND Beef Blood and B me Fertilizer Blood and Bone Guano Cotton and Corn Compound Crescent Bone Fertilizer Cooper andJohnson Ammoniated Diss Bone Cotton Fertilizer Cotton Fertilizer Crescent Hone Fertilizer Crescent Bone Fertilizer Crescent Bone Fertilizer Crescent Bone Fertilizer Complete Cotton Fertilizer Cherokee Ammoniated Bone Chatham Guano Climax Guano Cotton Maker CO E 479 D 143 H 111 C 109 D 122 D 130 C 128 C 110 C lit C 110 D 149 H 118 C 122 II 118 C 122 I 158 eg 3047 3116 2705 2648 280 266 2760 2742 2743 2744 2800 2751 2754 2751 2754 2S01 Phosphoric Acid CO 1198 2 01 1118 183 1699 129 1890 184 1305 1 1653 1481 1270 1271 1337 1258 1340 1396 13 10 1366 ll20 102 178 182 179 205 416 443 416 ll 81 612 633 709 692 720 839 780 707 653 668 780 612 569 1112 569 714 250 211 2 146 208 123 217 14 192 187 42 290 276 290 270 262 t 892 848 915 838 928 962 997 S54 845 855 822 902 845 902 845 976 O 8 a o S S 1 1 233 206 239 157 265 150 216 312 213 231 201 127 211 151 1 Guaranteed Analysis a 3 o 21 200 20 200 237 212 237 212 225 16 97 16 33 17 48 16 95 16 99 16 12 16 85 238 Mi 16 31 16 12 i 5i I I 95 15 3 ii 15 37 17 09 1 268 231 323 180 115 180 115 160 BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTURED 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 S W Travers Co Richmond Va Wight Weslosky Brown Albany Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Chaileston S C Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C B wker Fert Co Boston Mass John D Weld Man iger Savannah Ga Bowker Fert Co Boston Mass John D Weld Manager Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Chesapeake Juano Co Savannah Ga H O O w Q H d W I w Cotton Maker Cotton Maker Coweta High Grade Fertilizer Coweta Animal Bone Clifton Complete Fertilizer Carter and Woolfolks Superphosphate Cumberland Guano Cotton Seed Meal Mixture Cairo Guano Cairo Guano Chatham Vegetator ic Chesapeake Guano Caro Fertilizer Carroll Co High Grade Colemans High Grade Ammoniated Guano Coltjn Seed Compound Cherokee Soluble Gano Cherokee An mutilated Fer ilizer Cotton Plant Guano Camps Cotton Compound Chattahoochee Guano Cairo Alliance Guano Capital Cotton Fertilizer 1811 168 139 111 171 151 165 127 128 125 2117 217 2 261 166 209 273 275 171 112 195 103 446 2701 2792 2748 2749 28113 2802 2806 2761 2672 2764 2875 2925 3076 3055 2807 2902 2968 2970 2812 3059 2895 1188 517 1073 1026 1070 931 1499 1100 1478 1428 1058 1238 1352 1209 1211 949 1083 983 1035 615 961 2173 1582 30621 1508 77 397 113 306 88 169 72 159 319 280 221 119 92 123 189 110 311 342 79 lS 77 110 168 729 4811 701 768 681 645 800 631 663 595 599 778 771 874 57J 815 588 576 780 823 758 7591 720 279 55 297 256 308 281 171 198 201 307 513 194 132 1 329 290 203 238 287 234 326 232 270 10OS 1042 1001 1024 992 926 971 829 807 902 1112 972 903 1042 901 1105 851 814 1067 1057 1084 991 990 223 238 264 212 200 211 200 225 240 256 273 225 237 310 215 215 202 209 250 235 205 200 209 168 172 225 1 78 115 184 190 199 221 235 435 147 195 251 153 59 143 160 249 1 110 13S 208 17 36 18 03 18 75 17 31 16 26 16 55 16 69 16 23 17 07 17 81 21 53 16 95 17 07 20 38 16 20 17 79 15 40 15 40 19 13 17 80 16 83 16 44 16 92 2 2X 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 iy4JChesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md iy4 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Clifton Chemical Co Atlanta Ga Carer Woollolk Albany Ga Chas Ellis Savannah Ga Georgia Chemical Works Ai guta Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Ml R ism Fir ilizer Co Baltimoie Md Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Cairo Fen ilizer Co Cairo Ga Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Coleman Kay Macon Ga Elbert County Fert Co Elberton Ga Greenville Fertilizer Co Greenville SC GreenvlleFertil zerCo GrenvlleSC Huston Guano Work Ft Valley Ga McBride Co Newnan Ga LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 2 Is W Travers Co Richmond Va 1 1 1 1 1 IK 1 3 1 1 2 1 i l 1 2 Xz 1 t t1 y oc H w o o o g H Ed o I f l w Ed N H Ed ITABLE No 1Continued NAME OF BRAND Crown Guano Crown Gu a no Cigar Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer No 1 Cigar Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer No 2 eg Crocker s Southern Atnmd Bone Superphos Diss lved Bone Ammonia and Potash Dabneys i hence Guano Durham Ammoniated Fertilizer Double Anchor Soluble Guano Double Anchor Soluble Guano Dixie Guano Dixie Guano Diamond Cotton Food Double Aichor Soluble Guano Dalton Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Double Anchor Ammoniated Fertilizer 1 R Creechs Complete Fertilizer 3009 3009 2872 2873 279 2831 2773 2917 2711 2805 2072 2761 2673 113 B 11 2900 2904 2073 Phosphoric Acid K E X jiiumnteed 1196 321 643 1196 321 643 858 13 655 918 586 1501 122 710 719 262 624 1051 331 779 108 187 656 1200 127 762 1024 118 779 1478 319 003 14 28 280 595 1582 110 759 700 210 788 1352 231 838 1205 116 887 1582 110 759 286 2 24 163 221 245 301 255 242 1 20t 307 232 221 200 1 34 232 929 929 579 739 931 869 1080 911 1004 940 807 902 991 1000 1088 1024 991 259 259 521 44 201 201 203 205 205 205 240 256 200 261 202 210 2 CO 239 18 10 239 1245 1039 204 39 100 152 140 282 221 235 138 104 150 107 i 18 16 29 77 27 39 16 48 14 69 16 92 16 03 16 68 17 30 17 07 17 84 10 44 17 75 10 95 16 10 44 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 2 4 2 2 KTreadwell Abbott Co Atlanta Ga ys Walton Whanu Co Charleston SC 10 Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co SavannahGa Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga Crocker Fert Ch Co Buffalo N Y 110 A P Brantley Co Blackshear Ga 1 W H Dabney Dabney Ga IX Durham Fertilizer Co Durham NC 1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S 0 1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C lJRaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md I1 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 1 1 1 1 Savainah Guano CoSavannah Ga Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Dalton Gu Mfg Co Dalton Ga Imperial Fert Co Charleston C S Savannah Guno Co Savannah Ga H A H O Q w II Q d F H d w H I o o Daniels Ammoniated Bone Guano Davy Crockett Guano Doubly Ammoniated Truck Farmers Special Guano S Eagle Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Empire Guano Empire Guano Engle Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Fertilizer Eagle Amm mated Dissolve1 Bone Fertilizer Excelsior Guano Economizer Etiwan Guano to SJ Eddystone Soluble Guano Eddystone Soluble Guano Elephant Guano Euiaw Fertilizer Eljctric Guano Excellent Geoi gia Stand Guano Excellenza Soluble Guano Excelsior Guano Edisto Ammoniated Fertilizer1 Ediso Soluble Guano Edisto Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Edwards Ammoniated Fertilizer J 103 2892 1507 82 771 251 F 271 2969 1161 96 702 240 C 148 2878 1445 10 875 F 136 2772 1187 178 821 193 II 125 2761 1428 280 595 307 D 128 2672 1478 319 663 204 D 110 2661 1793 93 588 353 D 146 2799 1464 45 688 242 D 133 2673 1582 110 759 232 E 133 2719 12 83 267 784 191 D 120 2687 963 340 531 484 E 116 2662 990 303 564 245 D 106 C 18 1157 445 759 160 L 135 2682 1143 73 705 238 C 107 C 7 1224 123 784 255 E 133 2719 1283 267 781 191 C 20 2912 1358 121 620 388 F 179 3139 1082 91 292 614 F 196 2910 1104 168 773 283 E 164 2720 710 411 640 32 E 166 2721 890 175 750 231 E 166 2721 890 175 750 230 F 217 2898 790 386 430 537 1022 200 150 942 217 237 875 714 363 1017 202 146 902 250 235 867 240 221 941 212 140 930 207 114 991 200 138 975 220 152 1015 240 184 809 220 159 919 202 254 943 251 210 1039 975 220 1008 208 906 1026 950 980 980 967 2 206 275 215 215 200 287 152 126 123 200 160 110 110 124 16 78 1 8 17 20 1 8 29 64 1 7X 16 76 1 8 17 84 H 9 17 07 IX 9 16 34 2 8 15 62 2 8 16 44 8 16 90 2 8 17 98 1 9 15 61 1 8 16 84 1 8 17 85 1 8 19 14 3 8 16 90 2 8 16 66 1 8 16 35 2 A 17 35 f 9 18 03 1 8 16 48 1 8 16 48 1 8 16 12 2 8 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 James M Smith Smithonia Ga 4J Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md P2 Eaisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Head Fertilizer Co New York 1 Read Fertilizer Co New York 1 Savannah Guiiuo Co Savannah Ga 2 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C 1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 1 Americus Guano Co Americu Ga 2 Albany F F Imp Cj Albany Ga 1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C 2 Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga 1 Jno S Reese Co for Uhas A Djo hitle Auuta Ga 2 Excelsior Mi g Co Washington Ga 1 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 1 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 1 Edisto Phos Co i harleston S C 1 W C Edwards Toccoa i CO M CO O a o g 71 a t T 11 IS w N TABLE No 1Continued EAME OF BRAND Ellis High Grade Am Dis Bone Egyptian G uano Eddystune S luble Guano i Ethvan Ammoniated Superphosphate Ellis Soluble Pacific Guano Furman High Grade Guano Farmers Alliance High Grade F rest City Ammoniated Dissolved B ne P rest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Farmers Standard Ammoniated Phosphate Farmers Friend Farmers Friend Fanners Ammoniated Dissolved Bone D 251 J 107 D 113 F IBS F 165 B 238 F 219 3089 0 lie c 114 0 110 D 149 H 133 J 232 D 141 c 115 a Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved BoueC 109 3056 3010 2742 2713 2744 2800 2822 2051 2793 2846 2848 893 1646 896 1339 1499 763 1621 1270 1271 1337 1258 1234 1330 15 i 1385 1390 Ptwsjkurtc Acid 215 191 114 192 72 221 132 178 182 170 205 96 LOG 147 168 184 B 615 45 700 152 800 874 725 707 683 6 780 614 752 627 73 236 987 197 717 171 293 279 147 192 187 42 241 169 173 209 H t 3 Guaranteed Anaiyis 3 o BY WHOM ANTD WHERE MAN UFACXUREO 6921 1461 851 1032 897 869 971 1170 1004 851 845 855 822I 855 921 800 948 838 242 200 240 200 200 230 211 205 200 201 200 23 2 66 232 212 216 334 243 219 198 190 171 201 238 208 231 323 168 130 136 220 312 17 28 17 0 17 29 15 94 16 09 18 84 17 30 16 26 16 31 16 12 16 50 16 36 17 40 15 66 17 04 16 95 GrovaniaOil F rt Co Grovana Ga Leibisr Mfg Co for Woort Garrett 1 o Savannah la Americus Ou mo Co Ame icus Ga Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S O Chas Ellis Savannah Ga Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga Corner Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore lid Read Fertilizer Co New Yurk Read Fertilizer Co New York Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga b it W H s O S o w o d t1 d w H I O K O wFarmers Standard Guano Georgia Stale Grange Fertilizer Georgia State Grange Stand Am Superphos Good Enough Guano G luidings St George Georgia Pacific Guano Georgia Fertil zer Gem of Athens Fe tilizer Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia Slate Grange Fertilizer Georgia State Stand Am Superphos Georgia State Stand Am Superphos w Geogia State Stand Am Superphos so Gecgia State Stand Am Superphos Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Fertilizer Gem Guano Gem Guano Georgia BoneGuano Great Cottun and Corn Grower Gumo Gairdner Arnold Go High Grade Formula Georgia Standard Guano Geo C Selmans Ammd Dis Bone Guano E 1221 2709 02 B 14 2618 C 2G C 109 A 127 E 111 C 42 A 113 B 11 C 109 F 138 D 101 F 115 J 116 D 114 D 110 D 149 C 116 C 114 2018 2760 1 II 2714 274 2743 2744 2800 2742 2743 C 110 2744 D 119 D 153 F 181 H 103 H 134 F 210 F 234 F 249 2800 2801 2791 2713 2947 2915 3081 2973 1083 13 1390 973 15 66 700 1390 1020 1352 1305 1270 1271 1337 1258 1270 1271 1337 1253 1120 1188 1156 1084 978 911 8031 1221 925 362 184 206 19 210 1 139 3 261 178 182 170 203 178 182 170 205 SI 77 210 187 130 232 1629 1 783 103 692 146 i71 723 788 692 574 73 861 707 653 068 780 707 653 668 780 714 729 741 346 214 221 146 358 103 139 117 1S2 187 42 1 47 192 187 42 262 279 181 656 255 727 14 008 198 601 263 886 838 817 937 10 09 838 932 886 1000 854 845 855 822 854 845 273 210 216 2411 18 481 2 266 16 86 312 36 189 231 261 216 221 210 206 205 200 201 200 205 200 I 855 201 822 976 1008 922 911 870 S06 864 200 225 223 254 205 257 201 235 182 104 312 137 266 222 238 268 231 323 23S 268 231 323 160 1 56 152 182 296 155 16 95 16 32 17 10 17 75 16 95 16 46 16 17 32 2 16 26 1 16 31 16 12 16 50 16 26 16 31 10 1 16 56 17 09 17 36 16 52 16 05 17 18 16 31 16 39 Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansvile a Baldwin Fertilizer CoPortEoyalSC Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga CoOperative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga GouldingsF Co Pen Fla Dublin I Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Comer Hull Co Charleston S C Athens Oil and Fert Co Athens Ga Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C Baldwin Fert Co Port Royal S C Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savam ah Ga Comer Hui Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Chesapeake Gumo Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Durham Fertilizer Co Durham N C Gairdner Arnold Co Elberton Ga T J Lowe Mableton Ga Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga f m cc O Tl O o o ess ft X 00TABLE No 1Continued NAME OF BRAND c B 1 a s o G o 0 d 3 cS u o s 0 U 3 I o 2 308li 1081 3135 n44 2792 517 2741 770 2740 1028 2833 1070 2731 1190 2672 1478 2764 1428 2709 1464 2661 1793 2742 1270 2743 1271 2744 1337 2800 1258 2747 1053 2811 1006 Phosphoric ciL d o 3 3 Gimruntt ed Ana ysis 1 32 T C CO 32 if C C s a CO 5j 11 U a 25 J BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTORED u H T t g H O ft ii a d H a w f M O ft O Gilt Edge Guano Gosypmm Pbospho Gem Guano Georgia Major Guano 5 Georgia Queen Guano o Garrett Zellers Am Dis Bone Georgia Formula Giant Guano Giant Guano Georgia SubTreasury Guano Georgia bubTreasury Guano Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone Hums Favorite Houstons Pride F 281 E 113 E 158 F 145 F U6 E 171 F 143 D 128 H 125 D 146 D 110 C 116 C 114 C 110 D 149 E 137 F 173 79 155 397 219 258 88 203 319 280 45 93 178 182 170 205 115 122 879 864 486 632 597 684 802 663 595 6 88 588 707 653 6 780 861 784 I 236 144 556 256 354 308 112 204 307 242 353 147 192 187 42 41 188 1115 1008 1042 888 951 992 914 867 902 930 941 854 845 855 822 902 972 241 277 238 293 208 2 00 201 240 256 207 212 205 200 201 200 214 160 172 122 175 115 181 221 235 114 140 236 208 231 323 355 215 16 65 18 49 18 03 17 72 16 60 16 26 16 19 17 07 17 84 15 92 16 34 16 26 16 31 16 12 16 56 17 80 17 84 G A Ramspeck Decatur Ga 1 G W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Ga 1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Cooperative Mfg Co Fursyth Ga 1 CoOperative Mfg Co Forsyth Ga 1 Clilton Chemical Co Atlanta Ga 1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga IX Raisin Ferlilizer Co Baltimore Md ljf Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Rad Fertilizer Co New York 1 Read Fertilizer Co New York 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga iy2 Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Houston Guano Works Fort Valley GaHoustons High Grade Melon Guano Hardees Cotton Boll Home Fertilizer Chemicals Humbers Compound Home Mixture Guano Henry County Ammoniated Cotton Fertilizer Hart County Fertilizer High Grade Guano Hansells State Standard Hays Ammoniated Diss Bone Hardees Cotton Boll Hardees Cott n Boll Hardees Cotton Boll Hightower Cos Am Dis Bone Hogansville Guano Hardees Cotton Boll Imperial Ammoniated Fertilizer Imperial Guano Imperial Soluble Guano Imperial Soluble Guano Imperial Guano Imperial Guano Imperial Guano John M Greens Formula Jacksons High Grade Fertilizer F 170 C 116 A 140 D 201 B 123 W 286 F 277 B 138 B 105 C 209 C 1U C 110 D 149 C 109 E 122 C 109 B 179 B 113 F 15S E 120 F 126 E 116 D 106 B 113 F 194 28081 10271 74 2742 3111 2901 2913 3078 2966 1270 178 440 891 1033 1210 791 72 274 145 700 7C7 567 733 879 171 583 1711 871 147 1235 132 743 2843 2912 2743 2744 2S00 2648 2709 2648 2D64 2656 2801 2711 2770 2682 C 18 2656 2820 1074 311 13581 124 1271 1337 1258 1390 1083 1390 1205 896 1024 1200 996 990 1157 896 895 838 292 201 121 327 163 138 854 859 934 100o 910 287 205 770 311 231 229 221 3731 19 441 1 23S 16 26 1 749 27 07 4 620 388 182 170 205 184 91 184 116 114 12S 127 317 308 445 114 171 653 668 692 1S2 18 42 146 906 218 976 217 803 122 692 146 887 700 779 762 60 501 759 700 755 137 197 161 242 407 245 160 197 292 10 845 855 822 838 925 838 1024 897 940 1004 1010 809 919 897 1047 226 127 248 225 281 133 18 74 2 16 62 2 18 08 1 16 9i 2 17 32 16 68 2 200 201 200 210 273 216 216 240 205 205 201 220 202 240 233 1201 16 66 2 231 323 312 241 312 107 219 16 31 16 12 16 56 16 95 18 48 16 95 16 83 1729 2821 17 30 16 6S I 140 104 159 254 219 172 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 I 1 VA 1 16 31 1 8 15 61 1 8 16 84 1 8 17 29 1 8 17 95 5 8 2 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Houston Guano WorksFort Valley Ga Georgia Fertilizer Co Pt Royal S C Boykin Cramer Co Baltimore Md BlanehardHumberCoColumbsGa Columbus Fertil z r Co Girard Ala A J Henderson Hampton Ga 1 IP S McMullan Hartwell Ga Kichland Guano Co Eichland Ga Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Ga Wilcox Ginbs Guano Co Savh Ga Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal SU Georgia Fertilizer Co Port R yal SO Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Poyal BC Comer Hull A Co Savannah Ga X Middle Ga Mfg CoHgansville Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C 1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C 1 Americus Guano Co Amencus Ga 1 Imperial Fert Co Chariest S C 1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C 1 Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga 1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga 1 Almand Moon Jackson Ga k go M GO O o K w pa o It1 M Sd N w GOTABLE No 1Continued NAME OF BRAND Jonahs Gourd Guano J S Wood Bro Aimnoniated Diss Bone J S Wood Bro Amrnoniated Diss Bone Jno M Greens Formula g Jno M Greens Formula to Jno M Greens Formula s D 156 D 128 H 125 F 126 280i 2672 2764 2770 D 106 C 18 E 116 2G62 Jumbo GuanoJD J 262 Japer Highly Ammoniated F 252 2916 J H Jones eons Standard J A Garrisons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone J J Sparks Bone boil Food K ng Guano King Guano King Cotton Guano Kennesaw High Grade Guano Kennesaw Ammoniated Dissolved B ne Koton Guano F 20 F 263 C 252 H 125 D 128 D 139 F 140 II 140 F 237 2887 2838 2929 2764 2072 2683 2824 2954 2906 907 1478 1428 990 1157 990 1143 1150 1075 1250 12SO 112S 1478 904 1315 1248 1060 Phosphoric Acid 178 319 280 317 445 308 73 168 105 211 87 280 3 19 J 255 I 310 2781 n X Si Guaranteed Analysis giLag 3 w r 1 BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTURED 596 603 595 603 759 561 705 723 710 709 715 595 663 618 601 757 650 267 204 307 407 160 245 238 276 289 197 120 30 204 3 300 863 867 902 1010 919 809 943 999 100 906 835 902 867 961 904 269 1026 29s 948 230 240 256 201 202 220 251 200 248 226 20l 250 2 10 240 2 203 200 269 221 235 104 2 64 159 210 111 159 154 339 236 221 20 181 163 150 817 18 17 07 17 84 16 34 16 84 15 61 17 85 16 28 17 87 16 51 16 91 17 84 17 07 17 72 17 32 10 90 16 18 1 IK ilA l l l 2 1 1 2 2 1 Hi 1 1 2 22 2 2 2 I 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2M 2 2 1 Mitchell Co Fert Co Camilla Ga iy4Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Amerlcus Guano Co Americus Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atl inta Ga Albany F F Imp Co Albany Ga h O Binton Bro Monticello Ga J H Jones Sjns Elberton Ga 1 J A Garrison Rosweli Ga 2 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Raisin Fertilizer Co Bal imore Md 1 Kawls Webb Cuthbert Ga IK Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga la Kennesaw Guuio Co A lama Ga llRome Oil Mill Rome Ga w S H O 3 t o w o d T H n to w I Q w o w oLane Bros Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Lane Bros Ammo mated Dissolved Bone Lingon Wuodson Ainmoniated Dissolved Boue Lmgst n Wodson I X L Ammoniated Boue S ipetphosphate Liters Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Lister Harvest Queen Lee Brand Guano Liltles Ammoniated Disolved Bone Line Bros Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Lane Bioss Ammoiiafcd Dissolved Bone Lanes Our Own to Lockwoods Ctton Grower Lockwoids Cotton Grower Listers Guano Lanes W T Bros Ammd Diss Bono L ckwood Cotton Grower Monarch Soluble Ammoniaied Guano M narcu S luble Ammoniated Guano Mareta Hili Grade Guano Mannings High Grade Mastadon Pho pho Matchless Cotton Grower Matchless Cotton Grower C 116 C 114 F 246 A 13 E 175 J 147 F 201 B 105 C 110 l 149 C 119 E 120 F 158 H 113 G 109 A 113 F 132 H 138 D 216 F 214 F 130 D 110 D 146 2742 2743 2909 1270 1271 1617 2930 1385 2876 1275 2S77 2888 2843 2744 2800 2759 2711 2805 2750 2648 B 11 295S 2769 2994 2903 2765 2661 2799 1781 707 182 653 1372 1179 1074 1337 1258 1285 1200 1024 1464 139J 760 992 1002 14 85 1345 1480 1793 1464 123 209 221 170 164 311 170 20 211 127 118 132 LSI 210 313 298 110 119 88 93 45 660 715 714 752 742 838 668 780 860 762 779 803 692 788 765 730 739 894 759 5 6 147 192 347 221 204 16 361 138 187 42 125 242 161 146 146 222 270 260 854 845 1007 936 918 921 205 200 252 330 252 215 238 268 lOi 158 1106 218 976 217 855 201 822 200 985 217 lOOl 205 I 940 20 949 223 216 16 26 16 31 17 52 19 67 1009 1035 990 165 904 151 10IS 191 950 35S 941 242 190 184 2 133 231 323 59 140 282 214 312 101 1 181 211 100 200 146 230 155 212 140 207 114 261 209 212 17 52 16 60 18 81 16 68 16 12 ie 5 16 16 16 68 17 30 17 26 16 95 17 751 iy2 17 4l 2 17 06 2 15 78 16 95 16 96 16 34 15 92 8 8 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savanuah Ga 1 Liebig Manufacturing Co for Langslon Woodson Atlanta Ga 1 Liebi Manufacturing Co for Langston Wo dson Atlanta Ga 1 Listers Ag Ch Works Newark NJ 1 Listers Ag Ch Works Newark NJ 2 James G Tinsley CoRichmond Va 1 Geo W Scott Mf g Co Atlanta Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 1 10 Port Royal Fert Co Port Riyal S C 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Listers Agricultural Chem cal Works 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga 1 Augusta Guano Co Augusta Ga 1 Marietta Guano Co Atlania Ga 1 W J Manning Powder Springs Ga 1 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga 1 Read Fertilizer Co New York 1 Read Fertilizer Co New York I1 Kj go H CO o O o g g H Sd o w w H t II IS H S3 GOTAHLK So iembmued NAME OF BRAND Manatee Guano Manatee Guano Meils Cotton Grower Monarch GuanoF 149 F 14 D 16 F 126 F 105 D 122 142 130 c Monroe Guano Matchless Cotton Grower Navassa Cotton Fertilizer Nassau Guano Nassau Guano Newton C unty High Grade Orange Growers Own Guano Old Dominion Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone 0 128 F 129 C 335 E 366 D 116 D 114 D 110 2735 2734 2945 2770 2694 2680 2776 2686 2760 2775 3074 fhuaphirric eta 1035 995 1363 996 1025 1305 1388 1653 1484 952 1212 3010j 1632 2742 1270 2743 1271 2744 1337 171 17S 203 317 187 166 155 74 102 224 19 132 178 182 789 801 764 603 127 147 1 407 732 342 720 208 916 948 962 1010 1074 928 794 839 780 661 839 725 707 653 318 1112 I OuurutUied A na ynig 32 a BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 1701 668 187 123 962 217 997 338 999 122 961 279 1004 147 854 192 845 187 855 247 235 205 125 205 159 201 104 243 132 213 231 2 CO 279 200 127 211 151 251 142 322 1009 211 205 200 201 17 74 16 11 16 49 16 34 18 08 16 99 18 53 16 12 17 76 26 08 201 17 30 238 16 26 288 10 31 231 16 12 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S 0 Navassa Guano Co Wilmingt in N C V4 Bowker Fert Co Boston Mass Jno I D Weld Manager Savannah Ga Bowker Fert Co B ston llas Jno D Weld Manager savannah Ga Cook Hays Covington Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 0 H W H 3 H C w Q a t1 a g i w c w Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone Old Reliable Orr Hunters Matchless Blood B Guano Orr Hunters Matchless Blood B Guano Our Own Ocmulgee Guano Ocmulgee Guano Oh mplc Guano Olympic Guano Oglethorpe Ammoniated Dls Bone Old Ti me Guano Owl Brand Guano tJ Planters Soluble Guano OS D 149 C 119 D 128 H 12 U 133 D 167 F 148 D 167 F 148 0 109 H 103 A 112 B 213 2800 2759 2672 2764 2673 2915 2734 2945 2734 2648 2713 B 9 1258 1285 1478 14 1582 1363 995 205 211 31J 2 110 203 780 860 663 595 759 764 13631 203 995 178 1390 184 178 801 764 801 1156 856 Pope Fleming Ammonia Peerless Guano Pride of Dooly Guan Plw Boy Brnd Planters Pi ide Guano Powells Tip Top Bone Fertilizer Pure Peruvian Guano edFertF 135 Port Koyal Cotton Fertilizer Port Koyal Cotton Fertilizer Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer J 153 E 190 F 221 H 194 0 342 D 116 D 114 D 110 2841 1252 2957 1160 I 28S6 1066 3118 1112 2840 1189 2839 1250 2905 3065 2742 2743 2744 1150 1323 1270 12 71 133 210 las 235 99 1 42 118 211 101 490 178 182 170 692 741 649 571 844 550 7011 731 709 7 752 707 653 42 125 201 307 232 1 147 1 147 146 181 286 234 207 250 211 207 197 279 393 147 192 187 822 985 867 902 991 962 948 962 948 838 922 935 805 1051 800 917 941 906 1009 1145 854 845 855 200 217 240 256 200 205 205 205 205 216 254 290 201 16 56 16 16 17 07 17 84 16 44 16 49 16 11 223 59 221 235 138 159 125 1591 16 49 125 16 11 I 312 16 95 56 16 52 212 18 74 277 211 131 257 181 215 16 I 17 12 16 61 205 226 211 766 205 200 201 182 16 55 164 16 36 154 16 51 300 18 13 341 32 87 238 16 20 208 16 31 231 16 12 2 2 Vt 2 2 2 o 2 2 2T 2 2 2 2H 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 Corner Hull Co Savannah Ga lioport Koyal Fert Co Port Royal S C 1U Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md IK Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Southern Phosphate Works Maecn Ga 1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga 1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga 1 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga ra c Commercial Guano Co Savannah G 1 Divie Whittle Petersburg Va 1 A D Adiar McCarty Bros Atlanta Ga August Guano Co Augusta Ga Bradley Alford Hartwell Ga Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga Farmers Supply Co Maccn Ga Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga W S Powell Co Baltimore Md Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 00 Pi Ul O o o S P3 a s N pi W GOTABLE No 1Continued NAME OF BRAND i A iJ osphurie Acid u JD S 00 s 3 CM 5 O 3 u o V T eS w CD a g eg T C o 3 4 0 c 1 0 d J3 5 c 0 E 1 09 3 p 1 cS E3 Port Royal Cotton FertilizerD 149 Pomona GuanoH 118 Plaiter Solub e GuanoF 143 Po haitan Raw Bone Am SuperphosF 188 to t mac GuanoH 125 Pot mac Guano D 128 Penguin Gu no F i49 Patent Pacific GuanoF 104 Phopnix GuanoD 129 Pure Ammi niated Bone Veg table FertC 118 Port Rval Cotton FertilizerC 109 Plow Brand Raw Bone Snperphophate D 123 Rouglitous fetF 14 I 2800 1258 2751 1340 2739 1190 2816 2704 2672 2735 263 21181 2615 2648 2684 2739 1209 1428 1478 1035 16 87 10 53 90j 1390 1064 1190 205 416 203 12 281 S 19 17 116 381 114 184 297 203 780 612 802 631 591 663 789 6S2 555 587 802 42 290 112 237 307 204 127 266 389 212 146 455 112 822 902 914 873 902 I 867 916 918 944 800 838 1042 914 200 237 201 200 256 240 274 203 214 691 216 270 201 323 180 181 12 23 221 235 211 197 16 56 16 95 16 1 15 4 17 8J 17 07 17 74 16 5 16 87 Guaranteed Alu iyyjs I 622 30 56 I 312 16 95 225 19 22 181 10 19 1 a BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED i i corner Huli Co Savanrah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Loreniz Rittler Baltimore Md Raisn Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 2 1J Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga 2 Southern Phos Co Atlanta Ga 1 Walion Whann Co Charleston S C 5 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 2 Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga 2J4 Waltjn Whann Co Charleston S 0 1 Georgia Chem Works B E Roughton Augusta Ga H o w M a f H a w H I O K o w oReese Pacific Guano Rome C C GuinoF Richmond Brand Guano Rockdale Standard Ammoniated Guano Rabbit Foot Guano Ruth s Good Luck Guano Rescue Guano Rescue Guano Reliance Ammoniated Superphos Reliable H R Uos Royal Soluble G lanj Soluble Guano to Soutlern States Standard cs Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime Soluble Guano SLernes Ammd Raw Bone Superphosphate Soluble Gu no Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime Smth Carolina Ammd Disolved Bone Siais Ammoniated Bone Seals Ammoni ited Bone Seal Ammoniated Bone Stonewall Guano Stonewall Guino St jnewall Guano 171 3139 1082 ati 2911 1214 436 3072 1237 124 2763 1128 173 2811 1000 188 2810 1207 its 2734 993 117 2915 13 C 121 2681 1053 122 2709 1083 122 2680 1305 113 B 11 760 101 2704 1832 11 A 10 907 122 2680 1305 126 2706 1218 112 2658 928 108 C 8 1155 119 2751 1285 153 2801 1120 181 2791 1188 168 2792 517 153 2801 1120 181 2791 1188 158 2792 517 91 315 215 08 122 225 1 203 381 91 166 210 104 184 160 65 303 178 211 81 77 397 8 7 397 80 587 686 784 636 801 764 555 803 720 788 in Srt 340 36 1 237 147 198 389 122 20S 221 773 295 268 922 139 734 277 859 206 860 125 714 262 729 2 9 486 556 714J 262 729 27 486 55b 90 955 927 1055 97 87 948 962 944 925 928 1009 1068 1079 928 1061 101 1063 985 976 1008 1042 976 1008 1042 230 223 21 237 239 20J 205 205 214 273 213 261 202 260 213 250 231 261 217 22 223 238 225 223 238 169 16 94 I 137 16 32 148 17 92 215 17 S4 I 129 15 42 I 125 16 11 i 159 16 49 I 197 16 S7 241 18 48 1 23l 16 99 I 104 17 75 157 17 25 125 18 47 231 16 99 256 19 14 193 17 SO 219 19 12 59 16 16 160 17 09 168 17 36 172 18 03 160 17 09 168 17 86 172 18 03 1 Jno S Rtese Co Carteret N J 1 Rome Chemical Co Rome Ga 1 James G Tinsley Co Richmond Va 1 jConyers Oil and Fert Co Conyers Ga iy4 Houston Guano Wo ks Fort Valley Ga 1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md 1 S uthern Pnosphate Wks Macon Ga 1 Southern Phosphate Wks Maeon Ga 1 Walton Whann Co Chailesion S C iy2 Middle Ga Mfg Co Hogansville Ga 1 Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C 1 Imperial Fert Co Charleton S C 1 C L Montague Co Savannah Ga iy4 G Ober Sons Co Baliimore Md Royal Fert Co Charleston S O 1 Stand Gu Chem Mig Co N O La 1 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston S C IK G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md 110 Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C iy2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 1 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 14 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md 1H Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md y2 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md IK Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Ul W 03 c o o K w w Q t s IS w H ts COTABLE No 1Confirmed NAME OF BRAND Sterling Guano Sterling Guano SJa Gull Ammoniated Dissolved Pone Soluble Sea Island Guano 02 Soluble Sea Island Guano oo South American Guano Sou h American Guano South Georgia Bone Superphos South Georgia Bone Superphos Stubbs Tisons Ammd Dissolved Bone Slubbs Tisons Ammd Dissolved Bone Southern Ammd Dissolved Bone Sterii ng Guu no Small Grain SpeL ific Standard Guano Soluble Guano Sibleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone H 121 H 125 D 128 H 125 D 12S D 110 D 146 H 125 D 128 F 101 A 113 B II 111 D 130 H 111 C 115 Pliosphuric Acid 0J O Guarantied Ana ysis c X BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED F 158 2 E 120 2711 2703 2764 2072 2764 2672 2661 2799 2704 2G72 2057 11 2705 2685 2705 2040 1024 118 1200 127 1379 90 1428 290 1478 319 1428 280 1478 319 1793 93 1464 45 1428 280 1478 319 16 S7 i46 760 210 1099 129 1155 197 1699 129 1385 108 779 762 843 595 663 595 663 585 688 595 663 652 7 709 793 709 739 161 242 1S0 307 204 307 204 353 242 307 204 266 221 200 213 206 209 940 1004 1023 902 864 902 864 941 930 902 864 918 1009 915 1006 915 948 205 205 2 256 240 256 240 212 207 256 240 205 261 265 22 265 212 140 178 235 221 235 221 140 114 235 221 211 104 150 186 150 220 17 30 IK 8 2 16 68 IK 8 2 17 92 1 8 2 17 84 IK 9 2K 17 07 IK 9 2K 17 84 IK 9 2X 17 07 IK 9 2K 16 34 2 8 2 15 92 2 8 2 17 84 IX 9 2K 17 07 IK 9 2K 16 56 2 8 2 17 75 IK 8 2 17 48 2 8 2 17 35 1 8 2 17 48 2 8 2 17 04 1 8 2 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md IK Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md IX Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md iy4 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Read Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1 Read Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 1J4 Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md IVi Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md 2 Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C 1 Albany Fert Farm I Co Albany G a 1 Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C 1 Comer Hull Co for Sibley Mixou Co Augusta Ga n w H O w ht Q C f H d w H I a o w Samson Guano Stcnevvall Brand Guano Stono Soluble Guano Scotts Animal Ammoniated Guano Special Cotton Guano South Georgia Bone Superphosphate South Georgia Florida Tobacco Guano Standard Cotton Seed Meal Guano Sea Bird High Grade Guano Sjlid South Guano Sunny South Guano Samana Guano to Tobacco Guano Truckers Del ght Tussehaw Guano Truck Fariers Friend Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Tread well Abbotts Ammd Dissolved Bone Treadwell Abbotts Ammd Dissolved Bone Truck Farmers Special Guano Thompsons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Victor Guano D 155 3116 1113 183 633 211 844 239 157 16 33 2 1 8 2 1 F 201 2888 1179 164 742 364 1106 218 266 18 81 2 8 2 1 F 202 3128 810 400 780 200 980 255 130 17 60 2 8 VA 1 B 105 2843 1074 311 838 138 976 217 133 16 6S 1 8 2 1 C 164 2870 1411 377 541 346 8 87 215 37 15 16 1 8 2Tr ace C 311 3069 1697 87 688 182 870 205 181 15 52 1 8 2 1 D 225 3070 1243 104 771 122 893 318 500 21 37 2 8 4 5 E 190 2840 1189 118 731 207 941 205 164 16 36 1 8 2 1 H 140 2824 1315 255 604 300 904 255 180 17 32 1 9 2K W D 210 2994 1485 110 739 165 904 211 100 15 78 1 8 2 1 F 280 3080 1079 109 934 151 1085 224 16 65 1 8 2 F 219 3010 1621 132 725 279 1004 211 201 17 30 2 8 2 2 J 131 2871 768 119 695 200 895 401 463 23 13 2 8 4 1 E 445 3058 1082 88 394 373 767 494 438 24 09 2 8 t 2 F 191 2817 1129 169 673 143 8K 275 182 17 19 2 8 2 1 B 254 3048 1343 230 718 239 95 205 142 16 31 1 8 2 3 C 110 2742 1270 178 707 147 85 205 238 16 26 1 8 2 2 C 114 2743 1271 182 653 192 845 200 268 16 31 1 8 2 2 0 110 2744 1337 170 668 187 855 201 231 16 12 1 8 2 2 D 149 2800 1258 205 780 42 822 2 CO 323 16 56 1 8 2 2 H 125 2701 1428 280 595 307 902 256 235 17 81 IX 9 2 IX D 128 2672 1478 319 663 204 867 240 221 17 07 iy2 9 xA 1 0 126 2758 1714 1080 32 1112 333 373 22 48 i 10 4 4 C 109 2648 1390 184 692 146 838 216 312 16 95 i 8 2 2 A 113 B U 760 210 788 221 1009 261 1 104 17 75 W 8 2 2 Wight Weslosky Brown Albany Ga Jas G Tinsley Co Richmond Va Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Ga Baugh Sons Co Baltimore Md M A Davis Cairo Ga Head Fertilizer Co New York Farmers Supply Co Macon Ga Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Q A Ramspeck Decatur Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Fertilizer Co Savannah Ga Chem Co of Canton Baltimore Md Jackson Oil Mill Jackson Ga Schloze Bros Chattanooga Tenn Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Wilcox Gibbs Guano CoSavnh Ga Port Royal Fert Co Port Royal S C Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C co CO O o o w n ii M W H W Ed COTABLE No 1Continued NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric Acid CJ o tf Go Guaranteed AiKiijUi BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Viet r Guano Vegetaior Victor Guano W O C Guano Wet VVeis Eclipse Guano o Williama Formula Wlliams Cos Standard Bone Suerphos Williams Co Standard Bone Superphos Williams tos Standard Bone Superphos Williams Co s standard Bone Superphos Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Westona Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Walton Guano Williams A Co s Standard Bone Superphos Westona Ammoniated Disolvec Bone Wilcox Gibbs Cos Manipuated Guano Yows Ammoniated Dissolved Bme F 158 2805 C 228 2883 a 120 2711 E MO 305H J 136 2907 F 171 2809 C 111 2742 C 114 2743 C 110 2744 D H9 2S0O C 116 2741 C 111 2743 C 11U 2744 D 149 2800 F 126 2770 C 109 2648 0 10 2648 C 112 2642 E 166 2720 1024 1086 1200 1197 1073 991 1270 1271 1337 1258 1270 1271 1337 1258 996 1390 1390 883 710 118 171 127 77 869 762 92 881 160 734 109 794 178 707 182 053 170 668 205 780 178 707 182 653 170 608 205 780 317 603 184 692 181 692 133 565 411 640 161 260 242 182 211 181 147 102 187 42 147 192 187 42 40 146 146 295 320 940 1129 1004 1063 945 978 854 815 855 822 851 845 85 82 1011 838 838 86 91 205 241 205 307 245 255 205 200 201 200 205 200 201 200 201 216 216 314 275 282 17 30 159 18 69 iy2 8 140 214 144 301 16 68 20 42 17 19 18 90 238 16 26 208 16 31 231 16 12 323 16 56 238 16 26 2 OS 16 31 231 16 12 323 16 50 104 16 34 312 16 95 812 16 95 363 19 92 160 18 08 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC Miller Lipplncott Co Baltimore Bid Imperial Fertilizer Co Charleston SC Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga West Weis Albany Ga Houston Guano Works Ft Valley Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah ia Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C Georgia Fertilizer Co Port R rial SC Georgia Fertilizer Co Port Royal S C Georgia Fertilizer Co P rt Royal S C Walton Guano Co Sucial Circle Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Georgia Fernlier Co Port Royal S C Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C H O Q o a r d w M I o w o to QTABLE No 2 Cotton Seed Meals Analyzed Under Provisions of Calvin Bill Approved July 221891 c o a 3 S u a a 3 A b 1 u o o A 1 a 3 13 la Guaranteed Analysis BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFA NAME OF BRAND si a o a a 3 DTURED A 102 A 103 A 107 B 100 A 108 A 110 A 111 A 114 A 115 D 103 A 117 D 112 A 118 A 119 B 103 E 102 E 104 A 3 A 4 A 7 A 8 A 9 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 18 B 19 B 20 B 21 B 22 C 6 C 9 C 10 843 891 881 871 e76 871 895 847 876 847 876 867 844 880 820 896 898 20 24 21 39 21 15 20 91 21 03 20 91 21 48 20 33 21 03 20 33 21 03 20 81 20 26 21 12 19 68 21 51 21 56 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove Ga Gate City Oil Co Clarkes Cove Ga Rome Oil Mills Rome Ga Muscogee Oil Co Columbus Ga Elberton Oil Co Elberton Ga Milledgeville Oil Mill Milledgeville Ga Southern Cotton Oil Mill Atlanta Ga Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga Excelsior Manufacturing Co Washington Ga Albany Oil and Refining Co Albany Ga Jackson Oil Mill Jackson Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Atlanta Oil Mill Kirkwood Ga Mfacon Oil and Fertilizer Co Macon Ga LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ga Middle Georgia Manufacturing Co Hogansville McBride Co Newnan Ga 2 Ga tl 00 g O o o g w o I f N n tS W 00 ITABLE No 2Continued NAME OF BRAND Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Li Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Sea Island Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal 6 A s A L a a Srf s 2 eS OS o a s cS go o A a i Guaranteed A 120 A 121 A 123 A 122 D 105 A 126 4579 E 118 D 126 C 117 F 139 M 135 F 262 F 190 F 187 F 289 F 262 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 15 C 20 C 25 B 2 2668 2675 264 2725 2019 2836 2784 2783 2790 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED 876 868 870 876 798 874 914 820 816 649 860 750 840 759 771 823 840 21 03 20 84 20 88 21 03 19 16 20 98 21 94 19 68 19 58 15 58 20 64 18 00 20 16 18 22 18 51 19 75 20 16 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 550 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 Farmers Cooperative Manufacturing Co Griffin Ga Augusta Oil Mill Augusta Ga Georgia Farmers Oil and Fertilizer Co Madison Ga Augusta Oil Mill Augusta Ga Dawson Oil Mill Dawson Ga Cooperative Manufacturing Co Forsyth Ga Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga West Point Oil Mills West Point Ga Farmers and Merchants Oil and Guano Co Fort Gaines Ga The A P BrantleyCo Blackshear Ga Athens Oil and Fertilizer Co Athens Ga W T Morton James Station Ga Cotton Oil and Manufacturing Co Locust Grove Ga Twiggs Oil and Fertilizer Co Jeffersonville Ga C T Lathrop Hawkinsville Ga Conyers Oil and Fertilizer Co Conyers Ga FarmersCotton Oil and Manufacturing Co Locust Grove Ga o H g H i3 O O w Q d H d W I o C W QTABLE No 3 Superphosphates with Ammonia and Potash NAME OF BEAND Ashepoo Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot Arcadia Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot Acid Phosphate Ammonia and Potash 13 Beef Blood and Bone Compound CO Bakers W C Amm Dissolved Bone Baltimore Dissolved Bone Central City Dissolved Bone Amm and Pot Dissolved Bone Ammonia and Potash Dissolved Bone Phos Amm and Potash Etowah Superphosphate Farmers Favorite Fertilizer Farmers Favorite Furmans Sol Bone Ammonia and Potash Howe Bros Cotton Grower Dissolved Bone J J Taylors Diss Bone Amm and Pot Kennesaw B and B Compound XI a ft Phosphoric Acid N Gfl 6 a a 5 3 3 0 fc9 C3 5 0 a 1 0 s 1 H e3 B 108 F 150 F 236 B 236 B 236 D 207 F 150 H 128 H 128 F 113 D 227 J 111 F 101 F 150 J 114 K 156 2862 2737 2865 3051 3051 2846 2737 2792 2752 2718 3007 2866 2663 2737 1336 918 1225 12 1245 1411 913 1376 1366 1667 1827 154 862 918 2866 1542 30921 984 183 270 128 150 160 69 227 233 233 182 120 113 46 270 113 301 802 810 675 861 861 902 810 814 814 737 578 6S2 597 810 682 715 344 307 212 126 126 69 307 220 220 2 494 411 311 307 411 316 1126 1117 987 987 1001 1117 1034 1034 1035 10 72 1093 908 1117 1093 1061 132 107 50 132 132 100 107 106 106 133 1 110 125 107 110 125 O ra V K 164 110 130 153 153 151 110 179 179 104 1 22 120 218 110 120 105 16 09 14 99 11 94 14 88 14 S8 14 22 14 99 14 85 14 85 14 91 14 76 14 95 14 61 14 99 14 95 14 92 Guaranteed Analysis 5 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 10 1 8 1 9 H 8 1 S 1 10 1 8 1 10 a 10 K 10 1 10 1 10 1 8 1 8 1 10 1 10 IX 1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Southern Phos Works Macon Ga J A Bale Rome Ga Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Md Southern Phos Works Macon Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga M A Davis Cairo Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga Southern Phos Works Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga k4 go H GO C a o g g M W o 1 N K go ITABLE No 3Continued NAME OF BRAND u a s a i 9 fc 3 a u O w J a Marietta Guano Co Diss BoneB Manatee Dissolved Bone Amm Pot f Mon ogram Cotton Special O K Dissolved BoneF is Powells Home Compoundd F E B J J Ramspecks Sol Bone Phosphate Rainbow Soluble Phosphate Rainbow Soluble Phosphate Roddenbury Special Standard Bone Ammonia and Potash Suwannee Dis Bone Ammonia and Potash D Sea Bird B BSuperphosphateE Wando Diss Bone Amm and PotC Walton Whann Co Dis Bone Am Pot F nrl 2737 2868 2864 3077 3079 3064 2867 2866 2866 8090 3092 3071 2814 Phosphoric Acid 05 u 1245 918 In In 13 SO 1434 1160 743 1213 154 1 r 4 J 10 981 1050 993 150 270 205 182 7 113 178 192 11 113 166 301 330 317 861 810 558 807 020 995 724 887 682 G82 697 715 821 556 126 807 328 280 234 124 285 227 411 411 241 346 324 470 987 1117 886 10 87 8 57 1119 1009 1114 1093 1093 938 1061 1145 1026 O A 1 o a a M Si in 2 o 132 153 107 110 115 183 100 153 170 197 199 101 234 lOi 124 ii 120 110 120 179 186 I i 105 101 189 197 167 Guarantied Analysis 22 32 14 88 14 99 13 92 14 68 15 25 Hi 32 14 96 11 93 II 95 14 95 15 SS II 92 15 79 16 88 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 1 Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 1 Southern Phos Works Macon Ga 1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md iy2 Orr Hunter Athens Ga 1 Wm Powell Cairo Ga G A Ramspeck Decatur Ga 1 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 1 Amerieus Guano Co Americus Ga 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah la I2 Grovania Oil TrustCoGrovaniaGa 1 Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga 1 WandorhcsphateCo CharlestonS C A Walton Whann Co Charleston S C a w H O s O d H rj O m o w oNAME OF BKAND Ashepoo Acid Phosphate and Potash Ashepoo Bone Ash tc Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Ashley Acid Phosphate Americus Dissolved Bone and Potash Ashley Acid Phosphate Adairs Formula Acid Phosphate and Potash Bowkers Dissolved Bone and Potash Brighams Dissolved Bone Potash Bone Phosphate with Potash Bone Phosphate with Potash TABLE No 4 Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates with Potash A 128 C 37 A 1280 S F 157 Cl 3 t e3 ft o o 0 3 H 2 o 02 J F 131 H 126 H 115 E 114 D 11 E 111 J 161 H 181 H 130 H i D 187 B 137 2729 2731 2732 2666 2679 2666 2878 843 943 1271 1290 1263 1015 1238 L066 1238 1220 Phosphoric Acid 2917 L492 2753 1283 2731 1263 2914 1254 2921 1236 159 159 88 127 127 317 137 457 137 110 70 114 127 194 93 940 940 834 902 953 847 771 210 771 604 759 1032 953 922 919 498 498 209 314 270 355 383 791 383 402 524 296 270 248 3 OS 1283 1328 1223 1170 1227 1438 14381 1043 1216 1223 1202 1151 10 01 1154 1006 fcS Guaranl Analysi ed I So 2 0 o u o 2 pk 9 r Z 0 4 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 169 169 100 108 170 114 196 154 196 216 15 4f 15 46 11 75 13 68 13 13 13 13 40 il si 13 40 12 38 115 1378 124 14 22 170 200 261 13 75 13 56 14 50 1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S O 1 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C 1 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C 1 Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga 1 leorgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Mil 1 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C 1 Americus Guano Co Americus Ga 1 Athens Oil Fert Co Athens Ga 2 A D Adair McCarty Bros Atlanta Ga 1 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga ljf Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass 1 Georgia Chemical Wks Augusta Ga 1J4 Richland Guano Co Richland Sa 1 Richland Guano Co Richland Ga 2J f V H w O n o o I T w o tI i t1 WTABLE No 4 Continued NAME OF BRAND Baldwin Fertilizer Co Bone and Potash Bone and Potash Mixture Cherokee Acid Phosphate and Potash Cherokee Acid Phosphate and Potash L Cotton Plant Bone hai leston Acid Phosphate Double Anchor Acid Phosphate Dissolved Bone and Potash Eagle Add Phosphate Eagle Acid Phosphate Eutaw Acid Phosphate and Potash Edisto Acid Phosphate Edisto Acid Phosphate Parish Furman Formula i leorgia Bone Compound Heaths Soluble Bone Imperial Acid Phosphate H 17 F 247 F 274 F 195 F 172 E 107 F 103 D 117 H 16C H 126 A 122 E 129 E 130 F 111 H 220 Mil F 103 a 2849 2S 2879 2900 2810 C 40 2667 2679 28C0 2731 O 37 2717 2720 2099 2928 292 266 1100 1366 1307 1310 1272 1430 1194 1001 1745 1203 943 1381 U03 1097 1096 1178 1194 Phosphoric Acid 141 101 119 193 118 232 269 457 55 127 159 188 127 33T 0 155 269 825 867 623 853 839 807 210 1104 953 940 71 86t 775 1030 893 807 265 389 182 394 499 239 327 791 258 270 498 29s 23 432 363 280 327 0J Guaranteed cs a o a a O n M a o S3 Analysis VI 32 it csa a 3 o a 1 m s 1133 1214 1049 1017 1352 10 78 11 34 IIIIll 13112 122 1438 1013 1092 1207 1393 1179 1131 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 410 14 94 2 10 201 13 92 o s 113 11 90 2 10 119 11 OS o 10 201 15 03 2 9 190 12 75 1 10 104 12 99 2 10 154 11 SI 1 10 155 11 71 IX 12 170 13 75 1 10 179 15 46 4 10 112 11 84 1 10 156 12 59 1 10 327 14 88 2 10 582 L8 In 2 10 297 11 111 o 10 164 12 99 2 10 1 IX 1 1 1 1 2 Baldwin Fert Co Savannah Ga James G Tinsley Co Richmond Va Greenville Fert Co Greenville S C Greenville Fert Co Greenville S C Houston Guano Works Ft Valley Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Americus Guano Co Auiericus Ga A W Carwile Jr Augusta Ga Z W Carwile Jr Augusta Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C a w H 2 H O C W II Q d d H d W w I w o w Howes Phosphate and Potash Lockwood Acid Phosphate Magnolia Acid Phosphate Nassau Dissolved Bone and Potash Potash Acid Phosphate Potasso Phospho Potash Acid Phosphate Stono Acid Phosphate Sterling Acid Phosphate Victor Acid Phosphate Wando Acid Phosphate and Potash Willcox Gibbs Co Superphosphate F 2S5 3087 1452 F 103 2667 1194 F 204 2882 1329 H 130 2753 1283 D 184 2881 1470 D 215 2880 1164 D 145 2798 1401 E 107 C 40 1430 F 103 2667 1194 F 103 2667 1194 C 283 2931 1272 C 331 3008 1329 82 747 269 807 179 981 1141032 74 631 68 1213 102 806 232 839 269 269 234 83 807 807 9 797 290 327 309 296 284 360 384 2 327 327 283 342 1037 1134 1290 1328 915 1573 1190 1078 1134 1134 1213 1139 3 OS 13 361 2 8 164 12 99 2 10 100 13 73 3 10 124 14 22 2 11 375 12 92 2 8 201 16 80 1 12 187 13 62 2 10 190 1275 1 10 164 12 99 2 10 164 12 99 2 10 101 13 11 10 323 14 29 1 10 2 T J Iowe BlabletonGa 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Orr Hunter Athens Ga r Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston Mass 2 Cordele Guano Co Corele Ga 2 Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Ga 1 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md 1 Stono Phos Works Charleston S C 1 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 1 Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C 1 Wando Phos Co Charleston S C 2K Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga GO W GO O o o w Q M H CS3 a to GCTABLE No 5 Plain Acid Phosphates and Superphosphates NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric Acid Acid PhosphateF 147 Acid PhosphateA 124 Ashley Dissolved BoneE i Acid PhosphateD 137 CO Atlanta Soluble BoneE 117 Amerieus Dissolved BoneD 107 Atlantic Dissolved BonejE 110 Ashepoo Dissolved Bone E lOti Ashepoo Acid Phosphate E 100 B F Co High Grade Acid Phosphate Cordele Dissolved BoneJ 124 Champion Acid Phosphate F 215 Cotton Boll Acid Phosphate Chicora Dissolved Bone H 161 Chatham Acid PhosphateF 116 Chatham Aeid PhosphateJC 121 2738 14 2665 2688 2600 C i C I C 17 C 17 3061 2953 2842 2041 2848 2742 2782 1149 1107 1276 1312 1336 1236 1258 1219 1219 535 2001 1502 1617 1576 1095 1452 927 215 192 109 104 196 166 55 166 160 407 87 203 31 1029 1004 1258 774 924 103S 910 910 1117 816 769 1110 115 12 453J 707 3121 8 458 385 385 304 316 301 422 434 434 305 358 388 169 214 525 452 1385 1414 1389 1562 1090 1225 1460 1344 1344 1422 1171 1157 1279 1494 1232 1340 0 v ta w Guaranteed Analysis 11 3h 13 68 13 92 13 72 15 10 11 321 12 40 14 28 13 36 13 36 13 97 11 96 11 86 12 84 14 58 12 46 1 13 32 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Ga Farm Oil Fert Co MadisonGa Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Albany Fert F I Co Albany Ga Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Amerieus Guano Co Americas Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charlaston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Baldwin Fertilizer Co Savannah Ga Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga James G Tinsley Co Richmond Va Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Chicora Fert Co Charleston S C Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co SavannahGa W H g H Sj H O krj i T s Q H e w I o w o w Oihicora Acid Phosphate Coweta High Grade Acid Central City Acid rhosphatc Dissolved Bone Double Anchor Dissolved Bone Diamond Soluble Bone Dissolved Bone Aeid Phosphate Dissolved Bone Dalton High Grade Acid Phosphate Durham Acid Phosphate Ezells Dissolved Bone Eutaw Acid Phosphate Excelsior Acid Phosphate Edisto Dissolved Bone Eutaw Acid Phosphate Etiwan Dissolved Bone Enoree Acid Phosphate English Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate Furmans Acid Phosphate H 1G1 E 142 F 117 F 100 E 105 D 124 C 100 F 231 F 233 H 157 F 163 A 106 A lit Forest City Acid Phosphate Georgia Acid Phosphate Georgia State Standard D B Phosphate Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate 2848 2733 2718 2664 C 16 2674 B 12 2859 2856 2864 2786 A B C 105 E 106 F 118 E 106 c too F 100 C 113 C 113 C 113 C 113 E 346 B 17 C 17 1316 C 17 B 12 1204 2641 2641 2641 2641 3061 1576 901 114 152S 870 1130 1532 146 11 1096 1275 1080 1028 1318 12 19 1261 1219 1532 152 1617 1617 1617 1617 535 115 171 215 73 267 174 177 56 234 178 253 284 358 97 166 270 166 177 73 31 31 31 31 407 1283 9 OS 927 957 972 1046 1107 1168 1021 1091 1075 897 S28 908 910 1030 910 1107 957 1110 1110 1110 1110 1117 214 587 458 222 310 32i 387 311 404 325 168 318 402 470 434 289 434 387 2 22 169 169 169 1 305 1497 1496 1385 117 1312 1366 1494 1529 1425 1416 1243 121 1230 1378 1344 1319 1344 1491 1179 1279 1279 1279 1279 1422 14 58 2 12 14 no 2 12 13 6S 2 10 12 04 2 10 13 10 2 12 13 51 1 12 14 a 1 13 14 84 1 10 1400 1 12 13 1 13 12 55 4 10 12 32 4 10 12 44 1 10 13 63 1 12 13 36 4 11 13 16 1 12 13 36 4 10 14 56 1 13 12 04 2 10 12 84 1 12 12 84 2 12 12 84 2 12 12 84 2 12 13 97 2 12 Chicora Pert Co Charleston S C Coweta Fort Co Newnan Ga Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Furmans Farm t Imp CoAtlantaGa Imperial Fert Co Charleston S O Walton Whann Co Charleston SC Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Rome Chemical Co Rome Ga Dalton Guano and Mfg CoDalton Ga Durham Fert Co Durham N C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Excelsior Manufacturing Co Lsed Washington Ga Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phos Co Charleston SC Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Furman Farm Imp Co A D Adatr A McCarty Bros Agents Atlanta Gi Comer Hull Co Savannah la Comer Hull Co Savanna Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Baldwin Fert Co Savannah Ga 5 f m GO o o SI w o w w H i rj EC goTABLE No 5Continued NAME OF BRAND DO 1 u 2 a Phosphoric Acid High Grade Acid Phosphate Harris High Grade Acid High Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate g High Grade Acid Imperial Dissolved Bone Kennesaw Acid Phosphate Littles High Grade Acid Phosphate Leader Acid Phosphate Leggs High Grade Acid Phosphate Marietta High Grade Acid Phosphate Monroe Acid Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone Obers South Carolina Dissolvea Bone Our Dissolved Bore Phosphate Our Dissolved Bone Phosphate E 178 B 200 C 137 D 208 F 10 E 105 E 159 F 109 A 129 F 109 A 100 F 106 O 113 C 113 J 150 0 121 F 116 2834 2963 2858 2852 2697 16 2854 2697 2697 2534 2695 2641 2841 2850 2782 2712 1383 794 1334 1128 1214 870 1177 1214 1501 1214 1705 1226 1617 1617 585 1452 1095 156 1 58 120 73 267 307 73 51 73 298 31 31 141 312 453 759 1119 1099 1200 1306 972 1007 1306 920 1306 1204 1012 1110 1110 1190 888 707 652 271 446 181 303 306 324 303 248 303 61 289 169 169 291 I 52 525 1409 1390 1545 1441 1609 1312 1331 1609 1168 1009 1265 1301 1279 1299 IISI 1340 1232 l g si IS H Guaranteed ATialysis 03 si SS si ts 3 o a BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 13 88 13 72 14 96 14 13 15 48 13 Vi 13 2 15 48 11 91 15 48 12 72 13 01 12 SI 12 84 11 45 13 32 12 46 Clifton Chemical Co Clifton Ga Houston Guano Co Fort Valley Ga Wilcox Gibbs Gn Co SavannahGa Read Fertilizer Co New York Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Imperial Fert Co Charleston 8 C Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Read Fertilizer Co New York Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Monroe Guano Co Monroe Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull So Co Savannah Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Commercial Guano Co Savanna Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga a W H K a H o i o w o t1 H ej o w 0Palmetto Acid Phosphate Pomona Acid Phosphate Pomona Acid Phosphate Port Royal Acid Phosphate Port Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate liedmont Acid Phosphate Pure Dissolved Animal Bone Rawls Webb Acid Phosphate Home Acid Phosphate Royal Dissolved Bone Sonny Sonth Acid Phosphate Stonewall Brand Acid Phosphate 15 jterncs Acid Phosphate Sunny South Acid Phosphate Soluble Bone Sea Bird Acid PhosphatejE 15 Samson Dissolved Bone D 147 Samson Dissolved Bone Sbleys Acid Phosphate Wando Acid Phosphate Walton Acid Phosphate XX Acid Phosphate F 206 2852 1235 313 985 284 1269 F 116 2712 1095 453 707 525 1232 C 121 2782 1452 312 888 452 1340 C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279 C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279 A 100 2534 1705 1204 61 1265 C 340 3066 1338 10 1526 29 1555 D 138 2077 1065 138 1078 393 1471 F 231 2859 1469 55 1168 361 1529 D 121 2676 1350 69 1057 335 1392 F 282 3073 1213 81 1258 302 1560 F 215 2842 1502 203 769 388 1157 E 125 2707 1028 73 1286 280 1566 E 117 2660 1336 196 774 316 1090 B 110 2857 1460 96 1241 285 1520 E 150 2854 1177 307 1007 324 1331 D 147 27S7 1337 143 1117 283 1400 D 142 2796 1162 154 1140 292 1432 C 113 2641 1617 31 1110 169 1279 E 108 B 23 1057 185 923 388 1373 4583 B 7 642 251 925 433 1358 D 124 2674 1130 174 1046 320 1365 12 761 2 1 2 12 46 2 12 13 32 2 12 12 84 2 12 12 84 2 12 12 72 2 10 15 04 1 15 14 37 1 13 14 84 1 10 13 74 2 12 15 08 1 10 11 86 2 10 15 13 1 12 11 32 1 10 14 81 o 13 13 25 2 12 13 80 1 13 14 06 1 13 12 74 2 J2 13 59 X 10 13 47 1 III 13 53 1 12 Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Comer Hull Co Port Royal S C Marietta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Wilcox Gibbs Gu Co Savannah Ga C L Montague Co Savannah Ga Rome Chemical Co Rome Ga Royal Fertilizer Co Charleston S C G A Ramspeck Decatur Ga James G Tinsley Co Richmond Va Standard Guano and Chemical Maim facturing Co New Orleans La Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Columbus Fertilizer Co Columbus Ga Kennesaw Guano Co Atlanta Ga Wight Weslosky Brown AlbanyGa Wight Weslosky Brown Albany Ga Sibley Nixon Augusta Ga Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Walton Wliann Co WilmingtonDel A f CO Pi GO O J Q O g Pd W o 3 W GOTABLE No 6 Potash Salts and Miscellaneous Brands u a a a 3 A a S aj W u a S A t o a s o M xi cS Eft d t1 M d 0 u w o S 6 S 3 u o X o ft 3 0 H 3 0 a a 3 O M O Eft ol 3 eg a 6 O uaranteed Analysis NAME OF BRAND Is 5 p O H fl 0 a a O Eft BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED A lOf C 140 H 107 H 193 H 100 J 152 F 118 A 5 2835 1S17 SIP 1i 10 10 111 10 10 10 10 10 Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C Commercial Guano Co Savannah Ga Road Fertilizer Co New York Comer Hull Co Savannah Ga Imperial Fert Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga J B Scott Cordele Ga Napier Worsham Co Macon Ga J A Bale Rome Ga I B Scott Cordele Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S 0 Southern Phosphate Works Macon Ga Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Listers Agricultural Chemicals Works Newark NJ Stand Guano Chemical Mfg Co New Orleans La Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga 1287 1289 1111 1347 1265 12 90 12 92 11 92 18 88 12 72 13 29 13 60 3 75 18 69 12 80 12 72 12 00 2838 2710 2821 2828 2785 A 2 2829 GO 1371 113 5136 1275 1265 1175 550 10 J 151 B 109 IJ 188 C 339 B 152 B 264 H 221 C 337 12 12 11 2962 2961 3001 2884 3053 2927 3082 50t 1124 2098 1988 1141 4110 415 2000 2000 1100 325 400 200 11 408 200 1203 Ed H a d t w I r o W O80 per cent Muriate PotashC 341 90 per cent Sulphate PotashC 130 50 per cent Sulphate Potash0 336 Nitrate SodaC 338 Belgian FloatsC 198 Orchilla GuanoC 120 Land PlasterA 13G Lees Prep Agricultural LimeH 13 Pennimans Patent ComposterA Vi Sulphate of Lime with some Carbonate 3000 2829 299S 2999 2728 2845 2823 2899 81 760 2848 Lime 3324 Lime 1880 51 CO 5150 201 457 43 88 43 80 25 43 47 72 Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga Imp by Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Imp by Willcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Ga B R Legg Bro Marietta Ga A S Lee Richmond Va Stubbs Tison Savannah Ga tLime in form of Carbonate with some Sulphate tLime in the form of Carbonate 3 00 W m O O o fed Q fed W H r IS T S GO I TABLE No 7 Analysis Made Under the Provisions of the Ellington Bill Approved December 27 1890 NAME OF COUNTY NAME OF ORDINARY ADDRESS OF ORDINARY i fe 3 s 3 2 N U o 3 jp B A is 03 j S Phosphoric Acid Warren County Screven County Hon R W Hubert Hon M M Porter Burke CountyHon E L Brinson Burke CountytHon E L Brinson Bulloch County Hon A R Lanier Ware CountyHon Warren Lott Warrenton Ga Sylvania Ga Waynesboro Ga Waynesboro Ga Statesboro Ga Wavcross Ga No 1 No 1 No 1 No 2 2516 2590 2591 2592 3096 3097 1200 1096 522 978 1102 700 a 2 a 3 c O 38 971 355 61 93 990 29 97 1093 252 795 203 180 202 826 179 904 205 1326 1083 1190 998 1028 1109 O N ci 2 o 3 S S3 M O Cm 104 250 246 275 198 2 15 351 209 105 210 85 REMARKS Nothing on package to indicate where it was from It was received by mail addressed Hon State Chemist State of Ga Atlanta Ga preceding a leter with a similar address from Hon M M Porter Screven Co Sylvania Ga Received by mail in two paper packages in a paste J board box not sealed in any way tn IS H O o w M Q a d w H I O w o w OANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 63 MARLS AND LIME W Lamb Marl No 1 Hon Thos Brunswick Ga Marl No 2 Hon Thos W Lamb Brunswick Ga Oyster Lime Hon Thos W Lamb Brunswick Ga Lime made by A Gilvray Medina Ga Lime made by Ladd near Carters ville Ga 234 2650 2551 2985 2984 262 130 1208 01 Id ro s Trace only Trace only Trace only 0 3 u a tf o a u f5 3 2 id ce 0 6 o 33 H u as o 3 O r cq U 164 50 4052 5408 5928 9263 5742 31112411 4188 224 1955 711 16 98 403 309 318 564 32 CLAYS 3 S ffs oS 9 2 fl j SH s 3 e3 a 02 d s 3 Clay from Bartow county resembling Beauxitc 2553 2588 12761 28961 4299 556 3605 4299 1592 1487 METALLIC IRON ron Ore Chatham County Siliceous Iron Ore Haralson County Specular 26161 2617 146170 per cent of this ore was 6700 Pure Sand 28564 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA NATURAL PHOSPHATES AND SUPPOSED PHOSPHATE NAME OF COUNTY Baker Bibb Bibb Bibb Bibb Bibb Colquitt Decatur Decatur Decatur Decatur Decatur Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jeffewson Macon Macon Macon Macon Marion Marion Marion Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Stewart Taylor Taylor Telfair Telfair Telfair Telfair Telfair Telfair Telfair Telfair Washington Washington Washington Washington Wilkinson Wilkinson Wilkinson NAME OF SENDER Mr Onne A J Phillips A J Phillips A J Phillips AJPhillips AJPhillips John W Norman R A Oonnell R A Connell R A Connell R A Connell R A Connell W A Willie W A Willie W A Willie WAWillie W A Willie W A Willie C R Keen C R Keen C R Keen C R Keen P S Stevens P S Stevens P S Stevens T R Bennett T RBennett T R Bennett W R Baldwin W R Baldwin W R Baldwin W R Baldwin W R Baldwin Arthur Hood R F Ivey R F Ivey R F Ivey R F Ivey R F Ivey A F Perkins D T Montfoft H G Edenfield Wm T McRae Wm T McRae Wm T McRae Wm T McRae Wm T McRae Wm T McRae Wm T McRae Wm T McRae P J Pipkin P J Pipkin P J Pipkin P J Pipkin R M Stanley R M Stanley R M Stanley Name of Substance o o 6 s33 j Carbonate Lime 340 Carbonate Lime 341 Carbonate Lime 342 arbonate Lime 343 Carbonate Lime 314 Carbonate Lime 201 Buhrstone 205 Buhrstone 206 Buhrstone 202 tiuhrstone 247 Carbonate Lime 254 Phosphate Rock 384 Carbonate Lime 385 Carbonate Lime 386 Carbonate Lime Phosphate Rock Quartz Carbonate of Lime in small pebbles Limestone Siliceous Iron Ore Limestone Shellrock Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime Phosphate Rock Phosphate Rock Phosphate Rock Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone Petrified Shells Limestone Marl Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhr stone Buhrstone Buhrstone arbonate of Lime Phosphate Rock Low Grade Water Worn Pebbles Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Flint Animal Bone Chalcedony Petrified Shells with Buhrstone Buhr Stone Petrified Shells with Buhrstone Ietrifled Shells Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone 3S8 3S0 u 315 316 317 3 32 321 250 251 252 300 310 311 312 313 253 437 13S 138 410 441 327 225 201 401 t02 413 401 105 406 107 108 202 203 294 321 409 410 411 trace trace trace trace trace trace trace trace trace 35 30 trace trace t race trace 21 03 24 63 24 63 trace trace trace trace 5 21 trace 53 7S 53 7 trace trace trace 286 B DBANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1892 65 MINERALS ANALYZED Baker Bartow Berrien Berrien Bibb Bibb Bibb Bibb Bibb Bibb Bibb Bibb Bibb Butts Butts Butts Campbell Carroll Chatham Chattooga 24 Chattooga 242 Chattooga 243 Chattooga 244 Chattooga 245 221 Carbonate of Lime 249 Pyroxene Carbonate of Lime Buhrstone Kaolin Kaolin Kaolin Sandstone Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime arbonate of Lime Micaceous Sand colored with iron 207 208 222 993 224 270 340 341 342 343 344 359 360 301 375 323 68 Chattooga S22 Cherokee 289 Cherokee 290 Cherokee 339 Cobb 212 obb 271 Cobb 390 Colquitt 201 Colquitt 2di Decatur 202 Decatur 20 Decatur 206 Decatur 247 Decatur Decatur Dodge Dodge Fannin Fannin Fannin Fannin Fannin Fannin Fannin Fannin Fannin 24 s 254 209 210 275 270 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 Fannin 295 Fannin 296 Fannin 297 Fannin 298 Micaceous Sand colored with iron Micaceous Sand colored with iron Quart Rock Iron Pyrites Low Grade Iron Ore with much sand Calcite Dolomite Kaolin Feldspar green Quartz Crystals Feldspar partially decomposed Iron Pyrites Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites Galena Granite Magnetite maguetic iron ore Quartz Rock Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone Carbonate of Lime Peat Phosphate Rock Iron Ore Micaceous Schist Calcite Dolomite Quartz Crystals Milk Quartz Shale Feldspar Iron Pyrites Shale Quartz Agate Cyanite Yellow Ochre Milk Quartz 28766 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA MINERALS ANALYZEDContinued FanninI 299 Rose Quartz Fannin 300 Green Quartz Fannin 301 Gold Nuggets Fannin 302 Corundum Fannin 303 Feldnpar Floyd Floyd Forsyth Forsytli Forsyth Forsyth l Forsyth 30 Forsyth 308 42 421 235 304 305 Forsy Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsyth Forsytli Franklin Franklin Franklin Fulton Fulton Fulton Fulton Fulton Fulton Fultn Fulton Fulton onion rordon Gordon iwinnett Gwinnett th 350Cyanite Silicate of Alumina resembling Beauxite Beauxite Hornblende and Garnets Corundum Corundum Corundum Rock Crystal Rock Crystal nnett 269 Slate 351 Feldspar 352 Amethyst 353Rock Crystal 354 Smoky Quartz 355iTourmaUne 356 Garnets 357 Granular Quartz 363Garnets 364 Oxide of Iron 365 Mica 366 Hornblende 367 Quartz 232 Iron Ore low grade 233 Iron Ore low grade 234 Greisen 236 Trap Rock 237 Trap Rock 238 Trap Rock 239 Trap Rock 240Trap Rock 291 Trap Rock 292 Iron Pyrites 293 lion Ore 419 Iron Pyrites 227 Brown Hematite Iron Ore 228 Yellow Ochre 224 Iron Ore low grade with much sand 229Talc white 231 Talc colored w i iwinnett fwinnett Gwinnett Gwinnett Tuinnett iwinnett Gwinnett Habersham Hall 284 Ochre 230 Feldspar partially decomposed 285 Feldspar partially decomposed 272jQuartz Crystals 86 Feldspar 287 2SS 3 IS 397 Kaolin Barytes Plumbago Mica 288ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 67 MINERALS ANALYZEDContinued Name of County Sent From No Name or Mineral Hall Haralson llaralson Haralson Haralson Haralson Haralson Haralson 1 Iaralson llaralson Haralson Haralson Haralson H aralson Haralson Haralson Haralson Haralson Haralson Henry Henry Houston Houston Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Macon Maeon Macon Macon Macon Marion Marion Marion Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Newton 422 213 214 215 216 217 218 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 331 338 336 358 332 333 334 335 384 385 386 387 388 389 325 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 314 315 316 317 318 327 328 329 250 251 252 9 2i Milk Quartz Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites Magnetite Magnetic Iron Ore Manganese Ore Specular Iron Ore Manganese Ore Manganese Ore Specular Iron Ore Specular Iron Ore Specular Iron Ore Magnetite Magnetic Iron Ore Magnetite Magnetic Iron Ore Iron Pyrites Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites Mispickel arsenical iron pyrites Chalcedony Manganese Ore Mica Large Quartz Crystal Plastic Clay Kaolin Iron Pyrites with black mica Iron Pyrites Granular Quartz with iron pyrites Quartz Mica and Iron Pvrites Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime Phosphate Rock Quartz Carbonate of Lime Mica Iron Garnet Iron Ore poor quality Quartz Diorite Diorite Diorite Hornblende Limestone Low Grade Iron Ore much sand Limestone Shell Rock Carbonate of Lime B ack Mud Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime Carbonate of Lime Phosphate Rock Phosphate Rock Phosphate Rock Tourmaline 28968 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA MIS BRALS ANALYZED Continued Name of County Sent From No Name of Mikbbai Newton Newton Paul dins Paulding Paulding Pickens Polk Polk Pularki Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Pulaski Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph 326 Mica 271 Iron Pyrites 347 Iron Pyrites 348 Iron Pyrites 349 Iron Pyrites 362 slate containing iron pyrites 203 Muck 374 Rock Crystal 369 Sandstone 370 Clav 371 Iron Geode 372 Quartz 373 Iron Ore I low grade with sand 425 White Clay hardened 424 White Clay hardened 425 Chalcedony 42ii Limestone 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 253 309 311 311 Randolph 312 Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Richmond Richmond Richmond Richmond Richmond Richmond Rockdale Rockdale Stewart Taylor 204 Taylor 225 TaylorI 330 Telfair 401 Tellair 402 13 435 431 43i 438 439 440 44 442 378 379 380 381 382 383 319 320 337 Yellow Ochre Siliceous Iron Ore Aragonite Iron Pyrites Red chre Limestone Sharks Teeth Fossil Phosphate Marl Buhr stone Puhrstone Buhrstone Petrified Shells Limestone Red Hematite Iron Ore Red Hematite Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone Red Hematite iron ore White Clav Red Clav Blue Clay Yellow Clay Slate Colored Clay Partly Baked White Clay Mica Micaceous Shale Carbonate of Lime Drift Pebbles Phosphate R ck Iron Pyrites Flint Rock Flint Rock 290 ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1892 89 MINERALS A NALYZEDContinued Name op County Sent From No X me of Mineral Telfair Telfair Telfair Telfair Telfair Telfair Towns Washington Washington Washington White White White White White Wilcox Wilcox Wilkinson Wilkinson Wilkinson 403 404 405 400 407 40S 240 292 294 32J 394 395 396 399 400 376 377 109 410 411 Flint Rock Flint Rock Flint Rock Flint Rock Animal Bone Chalcedony Feldspar Petrified Shells Silicified Shells Petrified Shells and Buhrstone Asbestos Gold in Nuggets Gold in Nuggets Granite Soapstone Carbonate Lime hard Carbonate of Lime soft Buhrstone Buhrstone Buhrstone 291DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOR ilA FERTILIZER FORMULA Formulae for those plant needing much Phosphoric Acid Number of pounds of each to be used in making a ton Cotton Corn Sorghum Turnips Sugar Cane 6 j tS a o o si a 0 3 n O W a o o o 600 o o s 300 bx C o3 a I O u o5 a 0 E 03 O a Pi O O CD 03 1 g c o3 w 300 400 300 s o p oj 3 J3 A I Pi P 1 2 3 3 Is 1100 1300 1100 1571 1320 j 600 I 350 iro 000 80 riese Formula contain about these percentagt Formulae for those plants needing much Nitrogen or Ammonia i 670 950 600 250 iso 730 5021 540 I 800 1050 400 560 320 600 760 540 769 600 420 510 719 637 40 B 17l 750 625 Rye 720 665 875 680 830 1 690 500 250 500 250 320 665 700 200 500 210 320 150 S0II Formuise for hxm pla nts leeding much Potash 600 500 675 600 750 975 600 600 481 1250 800 1000 1300 800 800 700 eoo 450 600 400 400 too 150 405 240 240 5 08 1500 10 Oil 3C0 1000 800 600 600 310 10ill Tobacco 124s mi 550 525 400 1375 DOMINANTS Dominants are those fertilizing materials iihich are most urgently demanded by a given crop Plants Dominant Plants Dominant Plants Dominant Wheat o3 Rye m 5 Sortrhmn Nitroge Aram Potas Tobacco I 392 mamANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1892 71 COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last eighteen seasons There were inspected during the season of 1874548648 tons There were inspected during the season of lS755531600 tons There were inspected during the season of 1876 77582400 tons There were inspected during the season of 187789317800 tons There were inspected during the season of 1878985049 00 tons There were inspected during the season of 18798011958300 tons There were inspected during the season of 1880115242400 tons There were inspected during the season of 1881212532700 tons There were inspected during the season of 1882312537700 tons There were inspected during the season of 18834 15184900 tons There were inspected during the season of 1884517015300 tons There were inspected during the season of 1885616070500 tons There were inspected during the season of 1886716607808 tons There were inspected during the season of 1887820800739 tons There were inspected during the season of 1888920286936 tons There were inspected during the season of 18899028811230 tons There were inspected during the season of 18901 30673400 tons There were inspected during the season of 1891219634200 tons Ammoniated aurt NonAmmoniated Fertilizers Of the whole amount of fertilizers placed upon the market during the past season 129987 tons were ammoniated superphosphates 53394 tons were acid phosphates or dissolved bones and 12964 tons were cotton seed meal It is well to remark that those brands which contain not less than eight per cent of available phosphoric acid and two per cent of ammonia are classed as am moniated superphosphates and those containing less than two per cent of ammonia and not less than eight per cent of available phosphoric acid are classed as acid phosphates or dissolved bones This classification is made with out regard to the name of the brand as will be seen by reference to the tables The fertilizing materials which do not belong to either of the foregoing are classed as chemicals and compounds other than ammoniated superphosphates and dissolved bones 293DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The number of tons of Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bones inspected in Georgia during the past sixteen seasons are as follows For the season of 187566499 tons For the season of 1876712842 tons For the season of 1877815332 tons For the season of 1878910291 tons For the season of 18798013906 tons For the season of 1880122036 tons For the season of 1881220602 tons For the season of 1882331017 tons For the season of 1883439154 tons For the season of 1884535012 tons For the season of 1885637451 tons For the season of 1886740899 tons For the season of 18S7867978 tons For the season of 1888942151 tons For the season of 18899059760 tons For the season of 1890155877 tons For the season of 1891253394 tons Of the whole quantity inspected the percentage of Acid Phosphate for each season is as follows For 1875611Ui per cent For 187671282 per cent For 187781962 per cent For 187891222 percent For 1879801163 per cent For 188011511 percent For 188121642 per cent For 188232473 per cent For 18834 2578 per cent For 188452055 per cent For 188562334 per cent For 188672462 per cent For 18878 3074 per cent For 188892070 per cent For 1889902074 per cent Foris9011822 per cent For 189122022 per cent 294ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 73 The following averages for the past fifteen seasons will be found interesting General Average of all Fertilizers For the season of 18745 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the season of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 For the season of 18867 For the season of 18878 For the season of 18889 For tin season of 188990 For the season of 18901 For the season of 18912 Available Phosphoric Acid 923 1094 11087 1143 11 1024 L096 1088 1103 1082 1113 1101 1139 1166 1148 1146 1130 1090 Ammonia Potash 255 253 252 279 270 258 253 248 253 247 224 243 245 246 280 275 254 240 517 249 275 223 166 133 141 147 150 155 144 165 194 212 194 197 189 170 These are the general averages of all fertilizers including Mpfe from Table No 5 for the season named It is proper to remarkt the aver ages of Ammonia and Potash are of those brands only which are shown by analysis to contain these elements and not of the whole number of brands 411 Cotton Seed Meal Nitrate of Soda Kainit Muriate of Potash and Sulphate ef Potash are not included in this list 29574 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTTJREGEORGIA Averages of Ammoniated Fertilizers For the season of 18745 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the season of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 For the season of 18867 For the season of 18878 For the season of 18889 For the season of 188990 For the season of 18901 For the season of 18912 W BSS3BANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTlLlKKiJ892 Iverage of NonAmmoniated Fertilizers For the season of 187 P5 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the season of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 For the season of 18867 For the season of 18878 For the season of 18889 For the season of 188990 For the season of 18901 For the season of 18912 1105 3 85 1199 4HI 1168 454 1310 216 1320 163 1244 1 128 1260 130 1248 J 05 1255 156 1259 148 1287 140 1262 168 1345 185 1381 207 L396 181 1383 188 1376 209 1274 169 29776 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the market for eachseason since the organization of the Department is as follows For the season of 18745 ni r 110 brands bor the season of 18756 i L nn 101 brands ior the season of 18i6 t 125brands lor the season of 1878 For the season of 1878 lo v r lbS brands Ior the season of 18980 For the season of 18801 226h A For the season of 18812 970 a For the season of 18823 Obrands r w4 brands Jbor the season of 18884 sob brands lor the season ot 18845 c o9 brands For the season ot 18856 t t mo brands For the season ot 18867 W For the season of 18878 vnhT For the season of 18889 Zi For the season of 188990 mf For the season of 18901 S For the season of 18912f 008 brands I lnse are exclusive ol chemicals and other preparations for making or com posting manures at homes 298ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18923 The number of brands of ammoniated and nonammoniated fertilizers for each season is as follows For the season of 18745 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the season of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 For the season of 18867 For the season of 18878 For the season of 18889 For the season of 188990 For the season of 18901 For the season of 18912 Amoniated Nonammo niated 86 24 68 OO 85 41 90 Ol 119 43 L35 47 163 ili 187 83 239 115 210 126 22 I 140 215 130 206 Hi 242 135 254 101 300 140 343 1411 364 209 29HnmamAAtD ffc vl FOR DUE DATE INFORMATION CHECK MY ACCOUNT IN GIL httpsgilugaedu Returned APR 1 6 2010WjyEfiJXY 9EPRIA LIBRARIES LIBRARIES lllllllli 3 ElDfl Q3Tlfa imb