Publications of the Georgia State Department of Agriculture for the year 1890 [vol. 16 (1890)]

PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
GEORGIA STATE
Department of Agriculture
IFOH THE YEAR 1890
VOLUME XVI
J T HENDERSON
and Commissioners
B T NESBITT J
ATLANTA GEORGIA
Geo W Harbison State Printer
The Franklin Publishing House
1891INTRODUCTION TO
VOLUME XVI
The current volume as with the fifteen preceding as the title imports em
braces all the publications of the Department of Agriculture of every charac
ter issued during the year
This volume was not printed in its entirety at the end of the year but in
accordance with the system adopted at the inauguration of the Department a
specified number of each publication inoluding questions sent to correspond
ents the replies to which constitute the basis of the crop reports are filed in
the office for binding at the end of the year
The method thus adopted explains any apparent want of uniformity in the
style and mechanical execution and in the quality of the paper

CONTENTS OF VOL XVI
Circular No 125Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertil
izers and Chemicals Inspected Analyzed and ad
mitted to sale in Georgia to the 21st of January 1890 1
L26Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertil
izers and Chemicals admitted to sale up to Febru
ary 23d 1890 ll
85Questions for May Crop Report 25
127Crop Report for May 1890 29
86Questions for June Crop Report 1890 46
128Crop Report for June 1890 4
87Questions for July Crop Report 65
129Crop Report for July 1890
79Questions for August
131Crop Report for August 7
91Questions for October
132Crop Report for October si
133Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers and Values 188990 97
134Report of Commissioner Henderson 121
THIRD SERIES
Circular No 1Rules and Regulations for Inspection of Fertilizers for
Season 189091 By R T Nesbit Commissioner 1
2Questions for Supplemental Crop Report for 1890 9
3Supplemental Crop Report 1890 1
GENERAL INDEX
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
A Word to Farmers
Address to the Farmers of Georgia New Seriesj
Comparative Trade in Fertilizers 13 years
Comparative Receipts and Expenditures 13 years
Chemicals to be Inspected when
Cotton is Still King
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Caterpillar
Cotton Bagging
Cotton Bagging
Commercial Value how found
Commercial Value how found
Composts
Crop Reports for May
Crop Reports for June
Crop Reports for July
Crop Reports for August
Crop Reports for October
Crop ReportsSupplemental New Series
Distribution of Seeds
Experiment Station
Experiment StationTest of Varieties
Experiment StationTest of Fertilizers
Experiment StationTest of Irish Potatoes
Final Report of Chemist
Glanders
1
11
97
33
15
127
127
8
8
62
63
66
11
98
22
29
4
65

89
13
130
74
7
99
67
Glanders
Inspectors 12
Inspection of Oils og
Inspection Receipts and Expenditures lli
Report of Commissioners
School of Chemical Fertilizers 41
School of Chemical Fertilizers gg
School of Chemical Fertilizers 3
School of Chemical Fertilizers 95
School of Chemical Fertilizers New Seriesj 23
Red Star Ferric Fertilizer pi
rcular No 125 I
New Series
SEASON OK 188990
Analyses and Commercial Values
OF
Commercial Fertilizers
AND
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
DURING THE SEASON OF 188990 TO THE 21st JANUARY 1890
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OP THE STATE OP GEORGIA
ATLANTA GA
Constitution Publishing Co
1890Circular No 125
New Series j
ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMERCIAL
FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season
of 1889 and 1890 to January 21st 1890
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Jan 21 1890
From the organization of the Department of Agriculture to the present
time it has been the invariable practice of the Commissioner to estimate
thefelative commercial valuations of fertilizers at the prices at which the
ingredients phosphoric acid ammonia and potash could be purchased by
the farmers at retail at Savannah Ga For a number of reasons the Com
missioner deems it best to fix the precise price paid to the broker by the
manufacturer This is at the wholesale price in such quantities as are
purchased by manufacturers For instance Acid phosphate is sold in
quantities at Savannah at 1100 per ton cotton seed meal used as an
ammoniate at 2000 per ton and kainit at 1100 per ton
At 1100 per ton for acid phosphate containing 13 per cent of available
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid derived from that source would be worth
4J cents per pound At 2000 per ton for cotton seed meal containing an
equivalent of 8 per cent of ammonia ammonia would be worth 12J cents
per pound At 1100 per ton for kainit containing 12 per cent of potash
potash would be worth 4 cents per pound
At these figures a ton of standard goods would be
8 per cent Phosphoric Acid 6 80
2 per cent Ammonia5 00
1 per cent Potash 80
Sacks sacking and inspection 2 60
Total cost to manufacturer per ton15 20
Take an example of a higher grade of goods
10 per cent Available Phosphoric Acid 8 50
3 per cent Ammonia 7 50
2 per cent Potash 1 60
Sacks sacking and inspection 2 60
Total cost to manufacturer20 20
These estimates are made for Savannah Ga but are applicable to
Atlanta as well To this estimate must be added the freight to the desired
destination
The matter of profit to the manufacturer is one which must be settled
by the manufacturer and planter
These estimates being made also on a cash basis goods sold on long time
would demand an advanced priceTABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals Etc Inspected Analyzed
and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188990 to January 21 1890
TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime
NAME OF BRAND
Adair s Ammoniuied Dissolved Bone
Americus Guano
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
aAlliance Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
oAlhance Standard Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
AAllianee Stand Ammoniated Bone
Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer
Cherokee Ammoniated Bone
rCrescent Bone Fertilizer
ADiamond Cotton Food
4D E Creeh Standard Bone
oDiamond Cotton Food
Eddystone Soluble Guano
Eddystoue Soluble Guano
iExcelsior Standard Bone
AExcelsior Ammoniated Bone
Furmans High Grade Guano
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
aFarmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
dForestCity Ammd Dissolved Bone
Georgia Test Guano
Georgia Stale Grange Fertilizer
dGarnett Stubb Co Am Bone Superphos
iGa State Standard Ammoniated Super Phos
dGeorgia Fertilizer
Harvest Queen Guano
H H Cos Pure Animal Bone Veg Fert1200 125 65o 213
650
1040
850
1375
1325
1450
1220
1550
1415

1075
1150
1550
1450
1450
1075
1050
1450
LS50
880
650
1325
1150
12611
900
1150
1150
1150
1105
Phosphoric Acid
250
220
275
2 00
22
250
250
200
245
200
230
200
250
250
300
180
250
200
200
215
225
230
275
470
230
230
231
27
850
775
695
750
810
780
850
780
790
775
810
7Mi
7mi
780
800
580
780
780
810
860
810
810
715
730
810
810
810
750
03
210
240
415
260
210
200
170
235
225
279
202
235
200
200
215
450
200
235
205
155
210
202
305
I S3
202
202
202
170
1060
1015
1110
1010
1020
980
L020
1015
1015
1054
1012
1015
980
980
1015
1030
9S0
1015
1015
1015
1020
1012
1020
915
1012
1012
1012
920
a
s

205
250
210
255
285
250
235
255
250
235
240
253
250
250
275
220
250
265
300
220
235
240
230
230
240
240
240
246
a
FOE WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
250
160
150
210
181
250
215
275
175
250
285
275
250
250
175
L5
250
2
385
310
18E
2 85
165
213
285
2 S3
285
185
2099
1876
1848
1947
1862
1918
1886
1979
18 87
1943
194S
1979
1918
1918
1953
1809
1918
1979
2181
1920
1862
1948
1834
17S5
1948
19 IS
1948
1803
863 680 6753233
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
Commercial Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Walton Guano Co So Circle Ga
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull t Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Bltimr Md
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Listers Agl Chem Wks New
ark N J
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Furman Farm Imp Co E Point Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ga Fertilizer Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
John Merryman Co Barren Island
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Bowker Fertzer CoElizabethportNJ
Commercial Guano Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Walton Guano Co Social Cirjle Ga
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Furmn Farm Imp Co East Point Ga
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Barren 1 NY
Baldwin Fertilizer Co Pt Royal S C
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Listers Agl Chem Works Newark
N J
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C

H
H
O

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M
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d
H
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I

o
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oaHardees Cotton Boll
oHarmans Standard Bone
Jonahs Gourd Guano
John M Greens Formula
John M Greens Formula
dJ P Williams Co Standard Superphos
Kramers Arnrnoniated Dissolved Bone
leisters Am Dissolved Bone
Nassau Guano
Olympic Guano
Old Reliable
01d Dominion Guano
AOur Own Ammoniated Bone
AOur Own Ammoniated Bone
dOglethorpe Ammoniated Dig Bone
Plow Brand Raw Rone Superphos
Penguin Guano
Potapseo Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
dPort Royal Cotton Fertilizer
Roekdale Standard Guano
Reliance Ammoniated Superphos
sterns Amd Raw Bone Superphos
Soluble Amd Bone Superphos of Lime
SlinglufTs Dissolved Bone
South Carolina Amd Dissolved Bone
Samana Guano
Sampson Guano
Southern Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Walton Guano
1325
1450
1020
1200
1250
1150
960
1250
1350
850
1150
1000
1550
1450
1150
850
850
1350
1150
1240
1040
1090
1100
875
1150
1000
750
1311
840
225 810 210 10211 235 185 1862
250 780 200 081 250 250 1918
125 fi35 350 985 220 175 1785
210 875 150 1025 275 130 1925
2101 735 175 1010 250 185 1891
230 810 202 1012 240 285 1948
250 775 285 1060 265 225 2004
175 710 315 1025 240 185 1879
250 800 210 1010 210 165 1775
175 850 190 1040 210 230 1853
250 775 210 985 235 125 1784
135 850 161 1011 300 255 2073
200 780 235 1015 255 275 1979
250 780 200 980 250 250 1918
230 811 202 1012 240 285 1948
4 00 i 11 412 1012 290 190 1997
175 850 190 1040 210 230 1853
2 50 7 85 235 1020 250 170 1888
230 8 10 202 1012 240 285 1918
125 8 10 205 1015 210 140 1760
260 745 305 1050 215 175 1831
2 00 950 070 1020 2115 150 1837
275 01X1 380 980 270 190 1920
155 1000 360 1360 280 2116
250 775 210 985 285 125 1784
1 35 851 161 1011 300 255 2073
200 5 75 365 940 235 210 1814
125 7 85 245 1030 240 221 1911
215 880 155 1035 220 110 1778
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Walton Guano Co Social Circle
Americus Guano Co Americus
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Listers Agl Chem Wks Newark
N J
John D Weld Savannah Ga
Central City Guano Co MaconGa
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Central City Guano Co Macon
Iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Conyers Oil Fer Co Conyers
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Stand Guano Ch Mfg Co N O
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
Wight Welosky Brown Albany
Maldox Rucker Co Atlanta
Walton Guano Co So Circle Ga
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Walton Guano Co Sol Circle
Americus Guano Co Americus
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Barren Island
N Y
Listers Agl Chem Works Newark
N J
Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N J
Central City Guano Co Macon
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Walton Whann Wilmington Del
Central City Guano Co Macon
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Georgia Fertilizer Co savannah
Conyers Oil Fertilizer Co Conyers
Walton Whann Co Charleston S C
Standard Guano Chem Mfg Co NO
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Bovkin CarpnerCo Baltimore
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta
Wight Weslosky Brown AlbanyGa
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga

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coTABLE II
Acid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals Etc
NAME OF BEAND
Phosphoric Acid
Atlantic Acid for Wheat
Atlanta Soluble Bone
Atlantic Acidulated Rock
Adairs Acid Phosphate
Americus Dissolved Bone
Atlanta Soluble Bone
oj Atlantic Dissolved Bone
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Bradleys Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Bowkers Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Cordele Dissolved Bone Acid Phos
aCotton Boll Acid Phos
Dissolved Bone Acid Phos
Dissolved Bone
Edisto Acidulated Rock
English Acid Phos
Edisto Dissolved Bone
Edisto Acid Phos
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
Etiwan Acid Phos
English Dissolved Bone Acid Phos
Furmans Acid Phos
Forest City Acid Phos
aGeorgia State Standard Acid Phos
aGeorgia State Dissolved Bone
High Grade Acid Phos
High Grade Acid Phos
Home Fertilizer Chemicals
Kainit
1920
1150
1140
725
1230
1610
1110
1125
1210
750
1400
1285
1225
1400
1025
720
1160
925
1725
1110
1050
1615
750
1225
1225
1225
1270
1000

220
230
240
215
300
175
085
250
210
300
200
3 10
200
320
200
285
350
105
0
150
210
215
250
200
200
200
250
250
760
960
825
1010
1010
1025
1025
820
940
985
750
975
1015
1055
920
1110
1080
1015
725
930
1085
1050
101
1015
1015
1015
1015
1060

400
410
490
405
455
2
440
465
390
405
410
400
320
305
430
370
335
410
460
520
305
305
455
320
320
320
415
355
1160
1370
1315
1475
1465
1315
1465
1285
1330
1390
1100
1375
1375
1420
1350
1480
1415
1425
1185
1450
1390
1355
1470
1335
1335
1335
1430
1415
730
225
121
125
9
FOE WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
200
230
915
1390
1420
1521
1479
1514
1505
1377
1505
1352
1390
1442
1406
1429
1394
1467
1407
1518
1462
1471
1451
1492
1441
1411
1510
13 94
1394
1394
1476
1462
2817
1372
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Chrlcstn S C
AdairBros a Co Atlanta Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
AtlanticPhos Co Chrlestn S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charton SC
AtlanticPhos Co Charleston
Bradley Fer Co Boston Mass
Jno D Weld Savannah Ga
Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Mallet Nutt Jackson Ga
Edisto Phos Co Charleston 8 C
N F TiftA Co Albany Ga
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Baldwin Fer Co Savannah
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
lurman Farm Imp Co East Point
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Atlanta Guano Co East Point Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Bowker 1 ertilizer Co CharlestonSC
Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Berkely PhosphateCoCharlestonSC
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
N F Tift Co Albany Ga
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Furman Farm Imp Co East Point
Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga
MnOQdHuI1tCo Savannah Ga
M f d Jno Merryman Co Chrlestn
George W Scott Mfg Co AtlantaGa
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Impd by Baldwin Fer Co Savannah

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13
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3
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o
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oKainit
Kainit
Kainit
Nassau Dissolved Bone
Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate
Our Dissolved Bone Phosphate
aOglethorpe Acid Phosphate
oOglethorpe Dissolved Bone
tPure Ground Bone
fPure Raw Bone Meal
Port Royal Dissolved Bone
oPortRoal Acid Phosphate
oPort Royal Dissolved Bone
State Alliance Favorite
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
Soluble Bone
Southern Acid Phosphate
Walton Whanns Dis B with Am and Pot
Wando Acid Phosphate
X X Acid Phosphate
1150
610
880
1225
1225
1150
1225
1225
1415
1375
1210
1010
970
1075
1200
175
080
185
200
200
2050
2175
200
2 00
200
210
280
100
075
220
275
240
1080
1210
1280
1015
1015
1050
1015
1015
850
940
1010
1180
750
1010
1020
330
305
240
320
320
330
320
320
190
345
420
245
285
310
415
1410
1510
1520
1335
1335
1380
1335
1335
1040
1285
14
1425
1035
1320
1435
410
460
175
1280
1275
1250
175
1284
1280
1260
1458
1543
1552
1394
1394
1433
1394
1394
1581
1354
1475
1471
1718
1382
1481
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Jno D Weld Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Commercial Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savanuah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Std Guano Chem Mf g Co NO
Anderson Bro Marietta
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Columbus Fer Co Columbus
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Wando Phos Co Charleston
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Imp Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Imp Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Imp Hammond Hull CoSavannah
Bowker Fertilizer Co Charleston SC
Hammond Hull Co Pt RoyalSC
Commercial Guano Co SavannahGa
Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa
Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa
Stand Guano Chem MfgCo N O
Northwestern Fer Co Chicago 111
Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa
Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa
Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
Walton Whann Co CharlestonSC
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Walton Whann Co WilmingtnDel

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tEawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as Insolu
ble though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 35
Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identi
calaresold under different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a b c etc prefixed to the same those having theame letter
in the same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same bulk
ts
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rDEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 83
State of Georgia
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Dec 11 1889
fMln7LDlVnFeHaiZer8W Composting
Special Circular No 82 from this Department of date November 20
1889 is hereby rescinded The laws requiring the inspection of fertilizers
were passed for the protection of farmers and are to be construed with
reference to that object When chemicals are sold or distributed to plant
hihmT Uudin fertilizers they are required to be inspected
before being thus sold or distributed but where sold to those engaged in
the manufacture of fertilizers for sale the chemicals so sold are not required
to be inspected The manufacturer of fertilizers to be sold to farmers or
other consumers is required to have such fertilizers inspected before offer
refTt Ch6miCalS USed by Such faeturers are not
required to be separately inspected
J T Henderson
Commissioner
SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 84
State of Georgia
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Dec 16 1889
tXSmt8 Ckemieatsfor Manufac
The following is a true extract from the minutes of this Department
By the Commissioner ordered That Cotton Seed Meal offered for sale
as a fertilizer is required to be inspected before being offered for sale
Every package before being offered for sale shall have the guaran eed
Sv bratr T 7 SaCkS r bagS the analsis d s
tictly branded or stamped upon each sack A tag securely attached to
the sack with guaranteed analysis will be allowed
John T Henderson
CommissionerCircular No 126
New Series i
SEASON OFA 188990
Analyses and Commercial Values
Commercial Fertilizers
CHEMICALS
LNSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
DURING THE SEASON OF 188990 TO THE 23d FEBRUARY 1890
tJNDEK THE SUPERVISION OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GA
Constitution Publishing Co
1890Circular No 126 1
New Series j
ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMERCIAL
FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season
of 1889 and 1890 to February 23rd 1890
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Feb 26 1890
From the organization of the Department of Agriculture to the present
time it has been the invariable practice of the Commissioner to estimate
the relative commercial valuations of fertilizers at the prices at which the
ingredients phosphoric acid ammonia and potash could be purchased by
the farmers at retail at Savannah Ga For a number of reasons the Com
missioner deems it best to fix the precise price paid to the broker by the
manufacturer This is at the wholesale price in such quantities as are
purchased by manufacturers For instance Acid phosphate is sold in
quantities at Savannah at 1100 per ton cottonseed meal used as an
ammoniate at 2000 per ton and kainit at 1100 per ton
At 1100 per ton for acid phosphate containing 13 per cent of available
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid derived from that source would be worth
4J cents per pound At 2000 per ton for cotton seed meal containing an
equivalent of 8 per cent of ammonia ammonia would be worth 12J cents
per pound At 1100 per ton for kainit containing 12 per cent of potash
potash would be worth 4 cents per pound
At these figures a ton of standard goods would be
8 per cent Phosphoric Acid 6 80
2 per cent Ammonia 5 00
1 per cent Potash 80
Sacks sacking and inspection 2 60
Total cost to manufacturer per ton15 20
Take an example of a higher grade of goods
10 per cent Available Phosphoric Acid 8 50
3 per cent Ammonia 7 50
2 per cent Potash 1 60
Sacks sacking and inspection2 60
Total cost to manufacturer2020
These estimates are made for Savannah Ga but are applicable to
Atlanta as well To this estimate must be added the freight to the desired
destination
The matter of profit to the manufacturer is one which must be settled
by the manufacturer and planter
These estimates being made also on a cash basis goods sold on long time
would demand an advanced price
11TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals Etc Inspected Analyzed
and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188990 to February 23 1890
TABLE IAmmoniatbd Superphosphates or Lime
Phosphoric Acid
NAME OP BRAND
Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Americus Guano
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
aAlliance Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
bAllianee Standard Bone
i Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Alliance Stand Ammoniated Bone
Ammoniated Alkaline Phos
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ashley Soluble Guano
Alliance Stand Ammoniated Bone
Alliance Cotton Grower
Alliance Complete Guano
A W Muses High Grade Guano
fcAnimal Ammoniated Guano
Aurora Ammoniated Phospho
Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer
Boss Guano
Bone Fertilizer
Bone Compound
Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Cherokee Ammoniated Bone
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Chesapeake Guano
Coweta High Grade Guano
rockers Vegetable Fertilizer
Cotton Fertilizer Ammoniated
Crown Guano
jCairo Guano
raClarks Soluble Guano
650
11110
850
1375
1325
1150
1220
1550
1150
1110
IS 50
170
925
1000
050
1010
1010
1115
1120
16 30
1180
920
1075
11 51
1020
11011
1150
1100
875
1490
850
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Adair Bros it Co Atlanta Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
Hammond Hull A Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Chesapeake iuano io Baltimore
besapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Ashley Phos Co Charleston SC
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Central City Guano o Macon
Central city Guano Co Macon
A W Muse Albany Ga
Geo W Scott MfgCo Atlanta
Coweta Fertilizer Co NewnanGa
Jno 1 Weld Savannah Ga
C B Wlllingham Macon Ga
Bono Fertilizer Co Baltimore
w A II M Goulding Baltimore
Bradly Fertilizer Co BostonMass
Commercial Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Coweta Fertilizer Co New nan
Decker Fawcett Savannah I la
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington
Treadwell AbbottCo Atlanta
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Southern Phos Co Atlanta Ga
Furman Farm Imp Co E Point Ga
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Edisto PhosphateCo Charleston S C
Ga Fertilizer Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
John Merryman A Co Barren Island
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Bait i moreMd
Chesapeake Guano Co BaltimoreMl
Ashley Phos Co Charleston s
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Central City Guano Co Macon Ga
Central City Guano Co Macon la
A W Muse Albany Ga
Ceo W Seott MfgCo Atlanta Ga
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Bowker Fertzer CoEllzabetnportNJ
C B Willingham Macon Ga
Bono Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
W v 11 M Goulding Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Commercial Guano Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Crocker Fertilizer Co Buffalo N V
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N c
Mfd Treadwell Abbott CoChItn
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Southern Phos Co Atlanta I a
O
tsl

H

M
H
C

c
w
a
a
H
C
ES
Is
I

cDiamond Cotton Food
6D E Creeh Standard Bone
Diamond Cotton Food
Diamond Cotton Food Ammoniated Bone
jDixie Guano
Fahlvstone Soluble Guano
Eddvstone Soluble Guano
5 Excelsior standard Bone
A Excelsior Ammoniated Bone
Excellent Georgia Standard Guano
Etowah Superphosphate
sExcelsior Ammoniated Bone
Empire Guano
Eagle Ammoniated Bone Superphos
Furmans High Grade Guano
Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
dForestCity Ammd Dissolved Bone
Farmers Standard Phos
Georgia Test Guano
dGarnett Stubb Co Am Bone Superphos
dGa State standard Ammoniated Super Phos
dGeorgia Fertilizer
Gossypium Phospho
Giant High Grade Ammoniated Guano
jGiaut Guano
Gairdner Arnolds High Grade Formula
dHardees Cotton Boll
fcHarmans Standard Bone
Harvest Queen Guano
H II Gos Pure Animal Bone Veg Fert
Home Mixture
llansells State Standard Guano
Home Compound
High Grade Ammoniated Guano
Jonahs Gourd Guano
John M Greens Formula
John M Greens Formula
dJ P Williams Co Standard Superphos
Jacksons High Grade Guano
1 T Hunts Favorite
Jack Thompsons AD Bone
Kramers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
jKing Guano
King Cotton Guano
Listers Am Dissolved Bone
Lockwoods Cotton Grower
1 i C Diss Bone with Ammonia and Potash
Matchless Cotton Grower
Mells Cotton Grower
15 50 200 780 235 1015 255 275 1979
M ll 2 50 781 200 980 250 250 L918
II all 51 780 200 980 250 250 1918
17 50 15 7 20 290 1011 2 40 101 1889
1 1 91 235 6S5 360 1045 265 235 1999
1075 300 800 215 1015 275 176 1953
10511 180 580 450 1130 220 155 1809
1 I 50 2 50 780 200 9X0 2511 250 1918
15 51 III 780 235 1015 255 275 1979
10 00 2 511 555 45o 1010 225 175 1821
8 15 75 740 2 7 1010 111 201 1804
17 511 15 720 290 1011 210 150 1839
11 i 0 35 685 36U 1015 2H5 1999
1300 1 50 800 225 11125 230 lVb 1S46
880 Oil S 111 2lli 1015 3110 38a 21 XI
650 215 860 155 1015 220 11111 1920
1325 225 810 211 1020 235 185 1862
11 230 S 11 2It 1012 2411 28b 1948
1350 in 8 65 160 1025 225 1 0 1814
1260 275 7 15 30 1020 230 165 1834
115U 230 810 202 1012 240 2bo 1948
1150 230 810 202 1012 2III 280 1948
1150 230 810 2112 1012 240 28a 1948
1300 185 R mi 240 1040 2115 180 1121
1020 185 715 205 920 251 221 1843
1490 35 11 85 360 1045 265 23o 19911
840 215 7 85 2S1 1065 240 I80 1913
1150 230 810 212 11112 211 285 19 IS
1450 250 780 200 980 250 260 1918
1105 275 7 51 171 920 245 185 1803
1200 125 fi5l 213 863 681 673 3233
1H5I1 150 715 335 11150 2611 240 191111
10111 511 7 61 295 105b 210 155 1S06
1110 0115 1 75 335 1010 231 230 1863
7Ml 5il 6 Ml 37C 1000 250 161 1863
111211 125 635 35 9So 22 17ft 1785
12111 210 s 1 151 1120 275 18 192a
12501 210 735 175 1011 251 186 1891
1150 231 810 202 llllL 240 2S 1H4S
11711 211 Sill 235 113 2 If 211 1833
10111 2 01 6 S5 301 98 22 310 1S95
1250 275 815 205 1025 285 25 1989
061 251 775 285 1061 265 22b Dlll
1490 235 685 861 104 265 23b 1999
11111 If 615 295 9 Ill 26f 151 1S20
1251 1 75 711 31f 102n 11 181 187
1401 9 6 Ofif 10 21 22 120 1791
1320 226 78 2fif 10 I1 21 f 111 1761
lldll 11 1080 150 955 8K 0 6 191 1021 10 OC 22E 24f Lot 18c 1811
1871
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Walton Guano Co So Circle Ga
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh
Southern Phos Co Atlanta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Bradley Fertilizer Co Charleston
Adair Bros cfc Co Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
G OberSons Co Baltimore
Jno MerrymanCo Bltimr Md
Hammond Hull A Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta
Carter Woolfolk Albany
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Gairdner Arnold Elberton Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Listers Agl A hem WUs Newark
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Columbus Guano Co Columbus
Geo W Seott Mfg Co Atlanta
Thoniasville Guano Co Thmsvllc
Coleman Kay Macon Ga
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Walton Guano Co Social Circle
Americus Guano Co Amerieus
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Almond Moon lacks in la
Coweta Fertilizer Co Kewnan
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Rawls Bro Marshalville
Listers Agl OJhem Wks Newark
Clarence Angier Atlanta
Langston Woodson Atlanta
Orr Hunter Athens
Walton Guano Co Social Circle
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Southern Phos Co Atlanta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Furmh Farm Imp Co Fast Point Ga
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal s C
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Geoigia Fertilizer Co Savannah
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
In Merryman fc Co Barren L NY
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta
1 arter ct Woolfolk Albany
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Gairdner Arnold Elberton
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Listers Agl V Ch Wks Newark N 1
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Columbus Guano Co Columbus
Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta
Thoniasville Guano Co Thomasvillc
Coleman Ray Macon
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Walton Guano Co Sol Circle
Americus Guano Co Americus
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Almond Moon Jackson Ga
Coweta Fertilizer Co Ncwnan
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Jno Merryman Co Barren Island
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Hauls Bro Marshalville
Listers Agl Ch Wks Newark N 1
Mfd for Clarence Angier Augusta
Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N 1
Mfd for Orr Hunter Augusta
Walton Guano Co Social Circle

OS
7
c
1
o
c
e
w
Q

W
TABLE LContinued
NAME OF BRAND
Nassau Guano 13 50
eOlympic Guano 8 ro
fOld Reliable 1160
gOld Dominion Guano 1000
AOur Own Arnmoniated Bone 1550
60ur Owu Ammoniated Bone 1460
dOglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone 11 50
Ocmulgee Guano 1150
Olympic Guano 1050
iOurOwn Ammoniated Hone 17 50
Plow Brand Raw Rone Superphos 850
ePenguin Guano n
Patapsoo Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate IS 50
aTort Royal Cotton Fertilizer n 50
Potomac Guano M on
Patapsco Ammd Sol Phos 1415
Powhattan Raw Bone Superphos 1360
Patrons Ammd Diss Bone 1400
Patapsco Superphos 1260
mPotent Pacific Guano s50
Roekdale Standard Guano 1240
Reliance Ammoniated Superphos 1040
sterns Amd Raw Bone Superphos 10 90
SlinglufPs Dissolved Bone 875
South Carolina Amd Dissolved Bone 11ill
pSamana Guano 10 oo
Sampson Guano 750
Southern Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1310
Sterling Guano 1395
Soluble Am Superphos of Lime 1090
Soluble Sea Island 14 00
Plumphoric Acid
250
175
250
135
200
250
230
150
225
215
460
175
250
230
235
1 85
231
230
25d
175
125
200
200
165
250
135
2011
125
200
200
235
w
H
801
850
7
850
7SO
780
810
800
800
720
600
S5II
78
810
685
975
761
S10
710
805
810
745
950
1000
775
850
575
785
955
870
685
210
190
210
111
235
210
202
245
220
290
412
1010
Kl40
985
1011
1015
980
1012
1045
1020
1010
1012
190 1010
1020
202
360
050
255
231
300
205
205
305
070
360
210
161
3115
2 15
015
1110
5110
1012
1045
1025
1015
1040
1010
1010
1015
1050
1020
1310
985
1011
910
1030
1020
1030
1115
210
211
235
300
255
2 50
240
200
210
210
290
210
250
240
215
225
210
210
250
275
210
215
255
280
235
300
225
240
250
280
265
165
230
125
3
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
1
1853
8 1
255 2073
275 1979
2511 10 IS
285 1948
155 177
200 1812
150 is39
191 1997
230 1853
17011888
285 1948
235 1999
115 1786
50 1718
125
175
210
1769
1884
1971
110 1710
175 1831
150 185
8116
125 1784
255 31175
210 1811
221 1911
135 1850
1251936
2353999
John 11 Weld Savannah Ga
Central City Guano Co MaconGa
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Central City Guano Co Macon
Central city Guano Co Macon
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Walton Whann Co Charleston
Central City Guano Co Macon
Iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
LorentzA Hit tier Baltimore
Langston t Woodson Atlanta
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Southern Phos Co Atlanta
Conycrs oil Fer Co Conyers
Walton A Whann Co Charleston
stand Huano Oh Mfg Co N O
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Maddox Rucker A Co Atlanta
WightWeslosky di Brown Albany
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
Clarence Angler Atlanta
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N J
Central City Guano Co Macon
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Central City Guano Co Macon
Central City Guano Co Macon
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Walton it Whann Wilmington Del
Central City Guano Co Macon
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
ti orgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Iorentz Rittler Baltimore
Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N 1
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Southern Phos Co Atlanta
Conyers oil Fertilizer Co Conyers
Walton A Whann Co Charleston S C
Standard Guano it Chem MfgCo N o
Boykin Carmer it Co Baltimore
Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta
Wight Weslosky Brown AlbanyGa
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta
MId for Clarence Angler Augusta
G Ober it sons Co BaltimoreMd
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
e
IS

g
IS
S
c

2
o
a
H
IS
I
S3
fS
c
w
Success Guano
Soluble Pacific Guano
Star Brand Guano
Walton Guano
Wilcox Gibbs Manipulated Guano
Wando Soluble Guano
Zells Ammd Bone Superphos
11 so 05 5 85 3 40 1025 225 155 1817
14 85 SO fiao 455 975 250 140 1826
1380 1 SO 510 5 1 1015 2 10 30i 1940
840 15 8 SO 1 55 1035 220 110 1778
11 00 1 fiOS 405 1010 237 30o 19 58
1090 S 7 80 280 1000 221 105 1856
1570 275 750 275 1085 235 1 1859
Listers Agl diem Wks Newark
J O Mathewson Go Augusta
Allison Addison Richmond
Walton Guano Co So Circle Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savnb
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Zells Guano Co Baltimore
Listers Agl Ch Wks Newark V t
Pacific Guano Co Boston Mass
Allison Addison Richmond Va
Walton Guauo Co Social Circle Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md

w
PS
GO
c
c

EC
NTABLE II
Acid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals Etc
NAME OF BRAND
Atlantic Acid for Wheat
Atlanta Soluble Bone
Atlantic Acidulated Rock
Adairs Acid Phosphate
Americus Dissolved Bone
Atlanta Soluble Bone
J Atlantic Dissolved Bone
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Bradleys Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Bowkers Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Berkely Acid Phosphate
fBaughs Raw Bone Meal
Central City B with Ammonia and Potash
Cordele Dissolved Bone Acid Phos
aCottou Boll Acid Phos
Cottonseed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
i lotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cot ion Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Meal
cotton Seed Meal
1920
1150
1110
728
1230
1610
1110
112
1210
1250
1150
L450
750
1400
1380
ii
Phosphoric Acid


A


a d 3
lub 0
O 3
m o
tg M H
3 S
3

FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
220
2301
210
215
310
175
085
250
210
I X i
221
1411
300
200
250
2111
155
1285 3 10
1225 200
7
960
825
1010
1010
1025
1025
820
940
910
580
950
985
750
810
sloe
400
111
191
465
4
290
110
465
390
41H
730
460
105
410
520
ills
400
320
1100
1370
1315
1475
1415
1315
1 lt5
1285
1330
1350
1310
1 lio
1390
11 10
1330
ibso
1375
1275
225
120
125
475
125
821
520
805
780
780
825
800
830
8 10
8
841
840
110
115
2Ill
175
1426
1521
1479
1514
1505
1377
1515
1152
1290
1 125
1465
14
I 112
1 101
1520
1609
1429
1291
2051
13CH
2012
1950
1950
206
2110
20
21011
20
21 on
2100
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Chrlestn S C
Adah Bros A Co Atlanta la
Aniericns Guano Co Americus
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Atlantic Phos Co Chrlestn S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Oharton SC
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston
Dunson Dunsou LaGrauge
Navassa Uuano Co Wilmington
Bradley Per Co Boston Mass
Jno D Weld Savannah la
Berkely Phos Co Charleston
Baugh Sens Co Baltimore
central city Guano Co Macon
Cordele Guano Co Cordele la
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Chattahoochee Per Co Cuthbert
Wm Powell A Co Cairo Ga
Eady Baker Wesl Point
McBride A Co Newnan Ga
LaGrange Mills LaGrange
HogansVUle oil Mill Co Hognsle
Americus Guano Co Aniericns
Thomasville Guano Co Thomlle
Rogers Worsham A Co Macon
Milledgeville 0 A F Co Milledle
Coleman A Ray Macon Ga
Albany Oil A Per Co Albany
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston s c
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Furman Farm Imp Co East Point
Americus Guano Co Americus Ca
Atlanta Guano Co Past Point la
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston s C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston s C
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Navassa Cuano Co WilmingtonNC
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Bowker Fertilizer Co CharlestonSC
Berkely Phos Co Charleston S C
Baugh Sons Co Baltimore
Centra city Guano Co Macon Ga
Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga
Hammond Hull A Co Savannah Ca
Southern oil Co Eufaula Ala
Madison Mfg Co Madison Pla
Planters Oil Mill West Point
McBride A Co Newuau Ca
LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ca
Hogansville oil Mill Co Hogansville
Americus Guano Co Americus Ga
Thomasville Guano Co ThomstSville
Planters Oil A I er Co Macon Ca
Milledgeville oil A v Co Mllledglle
Macon Oil Fertilizer Co Macon Ga
Albany Oil A Per Co Albany Ca
G
IS

IS
z

G
W
c
d
H

M
I
G
is
o
w
GCotton Seed Meal
Dissolved Bone Acid Phos
Dissolved Bone
Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Edisto Acidulated Rock
English Acid Phos
Edisto Dissolved Bone
Edisto Acid Phos
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
Etiwan Acid Phos
English Dissolved Bone Acid Phos
Eagle Acid Phosphate
Furmans Acid Phos
nForest City Acid Phos
Farmers Hope Acid Phosphate
oGeorgia State Standard Acid Phos
oGeorgia State Dissolved Bone
High Grade Acid Phos
High Grade Acid Phos
Home Fertilizer Chemicals
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
r Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Nassau Dissolved Bone
Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate
Our Dissolved Bone Phosphate
aOglethorpe Acid Phosphate
nOglethorpe Dissolved Bone
Patapsco Acid Phosphate
fPure Ground Bone
jPure Raw Bone Meal
Port Royal Dissolved Bone
aPort Royal Acid Phosphate
cPort Royal Dissolved Bone
RainbowSoluble Guano
State Alliance Favorite
Sunny South Aeid Phosphate
Soluble Bone
Southern Acid Phosphate
Stono Dissolved Bone
Samson Dissolved Bone
320
200
150
285
50
105
080
150
210
215
2 Ill
250
200
275
200
200
2r0
250
175
080
185
200
2 00
065
2050
2175
200
200
200
2111
210
2
100
075
2S5
180
1055
920
11110
1110
1080
1015
725
930
1085
1050
900
1015
1015
915
1015
1015
1015
1000
1080
1210
1280
1015
1015
1150
1050
1015
1015
775
850
940
1010
1180
955
1010
305
430
360
370
335
410
460
520
305
305
450
455
3
415
320
320
415
355
1420
1350
1370
1480
1415
1425
1186
1450
1390
1355
1350
1470
13
1350
1335
1335
1430
1415
3
305
240
320
320
235
330
320
320
265
100
345
420
245
405
355
1410
1510
1520
1135
1335
1385
1380
1335
1335
11110
1040
1285
1430
1425
1300
1305
20S7
1457
1407
1424
1518
1462
1471
1451
1492
1111
1411
1408
1510
15 HI
1408
1394
1301
1476
1462
2817
13011 1232
1280 1144
1275 1140
1250 1120
835




230

000


730 915
410
460
135
125
1215
1220
1445
1410
160
155
1232
1236
II 16
1388
1458
1513
1552
1394
1394
1529
1 133
1394
1394
1610
1581
135 1
1 175
1171
1416
14320
A V Muse Albany Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Mallet Nutt Jackson Ga
G Ober k Sons Baltimore
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
N F Tift Co Albany Ga
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Ashley Phos Co Charleston
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Ashley Phos Co Charleston
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Jno Mcrryman Co Baltimore
Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta
ISoykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Baldwin Fer Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Berkely Phos Co Charleston
ThomasvilleGuo Co Thomsvlle
Rogers Worshani o Macon
Wileox Gibbs G Co Savannah
Jno D Weld Savannah
Hammond Hull v Co Savannah
Commercial Guano Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Std Guano Chem Mfg Co NO
Anderson Bro Marietta
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Columbus Fer Co Columbus
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
Mallett Nutt Jackson Ga
Berkely Phos Co Charleston SC
Columbus Oil Mill Columbus Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Berkely Phosphate CoCharlestonSC
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
N F Tift Co Albany Ga
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
FItiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Ashley Phos Co Charleston s C
Furman Farm Imp Co East Point
Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga
i Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Hammond Hull fc Co Savannah Ga
Hammond HullCo Savannah Ga
RTfd Jno Merryman Co Chrlestn
George W Scott Mfg Co AtlantaGa
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Impd by Baldwin Fer Co Savannah
Imp Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Imp Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Imp Hammond Hull CoSavannah
Imp Berkely Phos Co Charleston
Imp Heller Hirsh Co New York
Imp Rogers Worsham Co Macon
Imp Wileox Gibbs G Co Savanh
Bowker Fertilizer Co Charleston SC
Hammond Hull CoPt RoyalSC
Commercial Guano Co SavannahGa
Hammond Hull Co StvannahGa
Hammond Hull it Co SavannahGa
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Stand Guano Chem Mfg Co N O
Northwestern Fer Co Chicago 111
Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa
Hammond Hull fc Co SavannahGa
Hammond Hull k Co SavannahGa
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga
Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga
Stono Phos Co Charleston S
Berkely Phos Co Charleston s C

f
Ul
c
a
c
Srj
SCTABLE Ii Continued
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric Acid
a
T G Cos Arid Phosphate
Walton Whanns Dis P with Am and Pot
Wando Acid Phosphate
Wnlton Acid Phosphate
X X Acid Phosphate
1230
170
1075
1160
1200
215
220
27
110
210
f
2
1010
750
1010
1110
1020
365
285
310
340
415
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED

13751429 Thomasville Guano Co Thomille
1085 175 175 17is Walton Whann Co Charleston
1320 1382 Wando Phos Co Charleston
1450j 1491 Walton Guano Co Social Circle
1435 11811 Walton Whann Co Charleston
Thomasville Guano Co Thomasville
Walton Whann Co Charleston8C
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga
Walton Whann Co WllmlngtnDel
tRawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not
hie though practically It is much more available as plant food than pi
Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by th
2sdare sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the
oo in the same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same
been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as Iusolu
hosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 835
e same formula and actuallv sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect ulenti
foregoing tables bv letters n b c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter
bulk
w

s
a
H
c

Q
W
HH
Q
a
f
i3
a
so
SI
c
SCANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS188990 11
RED STAR FERRIC FERTILIZER
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Feb 10 1890
Some time since a brand of fertilizer under the name of the Bed Star
Ferric Fertilizer was presented at the office of the Commissioner of
Agriculture for inspection analysis and sale in Georgia Soon after the
arrival of the goods a request for inspection was called for Accordingly
samples were drawn and promptly forwarded to the chemist At the same
time the chemist was requested after a thorough examination of both the
circular and the sample to report in writing his opinion as to the utility
and admissability of the goods into the markets of the State His reply
thereto is herewith appended
Athens Ga January 29 1890
Hon J X Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Go
Dear SirAt your request I have examined the circular of the Star
Slaughtering and Phosphate Co of Washington C H Ohio and also
a sample of their Red Star Ferric Fertilizer forwarded by you with their
request for inspection
This article appears to be chiefly silica and the oxides of iron and
alumina with about 10 per cent of phosphoric acid all of which is insol
uble Potash and ammonia are said to be present in proportions of not
more than 1 per cent each
Under the general laws of this State a merchantable fertilizer must con
tain those substances which are generally recognized as being genuine
plant foods viz Available phosphoric acid potash and ammonia and in
certain minimum proportions It is true that certain articles are admitted
to sale under the general name of chemicals which do not fulfill the
minimum requirements in all particulars butsuch articles are always such
as are found to contain some of the plant foods named in excessive pro
portions
While this department would not care to enter into an argument with
the proprietors of this or any other article as to the possible value of sand
clay oxide of iron or any other substance or any peculiar mixture or
combination of them for fertilizing purposes it seems to me that the laws
as at present framed clearly look to the exclusion from our markets of
any article as a fertilizer which does not conform either in letter or in
spirit to the stated requirements as to content of plant food
lam therefore clear in my opinion that this Red Star Ferric Fertilizer
should not be admitted to sale in this State
Very truly yours
H C White State Chemist
After a careful consideration of the views above set forth I have pre
pared the following facts which will be explanatory and I hope satisfying
to those who are interested in the matter of the Red Star Ferric Fertil
izer
The whole object of the inspection laws of the State is to protect the
farmers from imposition by fraudulent fertilizers and the Commissioner
1912
DEPA RTMENT OF AGRICULTU REGEORGIA
being charged therewith would fail in his duty did he not act promptly in
all such cases
The inspection tags attached to a sack or other package of a fertilizer is
the official proclamation of the Commissioner of Agriculture that a farmer
may safely purchase the goods The tags should therefore not be attached
to any goods unless the Commissioner is entirely satisfied that they are
genuine and undoubted fertilizers competent to fulfill the purposes for
which commercial fertilizers are universally purchased and used The
Commissioner is assisted by the terms of the law in arriving at a judg
ment as to what constitutes a genuine fertilizer Certain substances are
specified as recognized plant food as available phosphoric acid ammonia
and potash and in manipulated goods even the proportions are prescribed
It is true that certain articles such as land plaster which does not contain
these specified ingredients are regularly inspected and tagged when found
to be of good quality but these are articles such as universal experience
and practice have shown to be valuable for fertilizing purposes The Red
Star Ferric Fertilizer does not claim nor does the analysis show it to
contain any of the plant food specified in the law in appreciable amount
at least nor to be such a material as common and general usage has ap
proved as a fertilizer In the circular issued by the manufacturers of the
goods a full and lengthy statement is made covering the theory upon
which the goods are compounded the discoveries which had led to it
and the claims made for the fertilizer compounded in accordance
with the theory the composition of the article being very frankly stated
to be chiefly oxide of iron silica alumina and small proportions of phos
phates organic matter etc I have read the circular with care and exam
ined the fertilizer Without wishing to be arbitrary or dogmatic in the
expression of an opinion and with every disposition to secure to the farm
ers of our State all the advantages of new discoveries in the sciences re
lated to agriculture and of better and cheaper methods of preparing fer
tilizers I am still constrained to say that the circular referred to adds noth
ing to our knowledge of growth and feeding of plants contains many as
sertions which are misleading and others which have been long since
proven to be incorrect proposes a theory of fertilization which is not ten
able and offers as the final result of its discoveries and claims a so
called fertilizer composed mainly of cheap common substances such as
sand and oxide of iron which are contained in abundance in all soils
Therefore I do not think that I the Commissioner of Agriculture would
be justified in giving my official endorsement of the value of the goods as
a fertilizer by permitting the inspection tags to be applied thereto
The law however goes even further The Commissioner is required to
prohibit the sale of an article which in his judgment is not reasonably
suited to use as a fertilizer It would seem that to refuse to inspect carries
with it the prohibition of sale
J T HENDERSON Commissioner
If any confirmation of opinion with regard to the views of Professor
White and the consequent action of the Commissioner upon the same
line regarding the Red Star Ferric Fertilizer were needed I think the
subjoined letter of Professor Simon of Baltimore one of the most dis
20ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1889
90
L3
tinguished chemists in this country well calculated to settle the whole
question The circular was forwarded by a distinguished agriculturist from
near West Point Ga to Professor Simon and in due time the following
answer was received by him and by him handed to me I regretted the
necessity for such action but as much as I regretted it T could see no way
but to interdict the sale of the goods in this State
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
DR SIMONS REPLY
Baltimore Md January 13 1890
My Dear Sir Even if 1 were no chemist I would look upon a circular
like that of the Star Company claiming the greatest discovery of the
age with suspicion and distrust In the eyes of a chemist the claim
becomes ridiculous
The two inexhaustible soils from Nebstein and Belgium page 9 con
tain 06 per cent and 12 per cent of phosphoric acid respectively As
the weight of soil from one acre and six inches deep is about 4000000
pounds it would require 40000 pounds or twenty tons of pure phosphoric
acid to furnish this soil of one acre with 1 per cent of phosphoric acid
and as the Star Fertilizer contains but ten percent page 13 it would
take 200 tons of it to accomplish the purpose and I suppose that no
farmer can afford to do that
The claim that oxide of iron in itself is a powerful agent in assisting
nature to furnish plant food is also absurd and I am quite certain that
thousands of acres of land might be pointed out which are very rich in
iron and yet extremely poor otherwise On page twelve it is stated that
fertilizers made of S C phosphate become hard and inert because the
lime is reconverted in carbonate of lime Suppose 500 pounds of phosphate
are used per acre for twenty consecutive years and suppose that they
would furnish 10000 pounds of carbonate of lime which would be equal
to about onefourth per cent of it in the soil do you think that the quan
tity would make a soil hard and inert when we have most fertile soils
as for instance in the Valley of Virginia ontaining twenty times this
amount of carbonate of lime Of course I do not claim that the Star phos
phate is valueless because phosphoric acid in any form will do good I only
say that the claims of the company are ridiculous I might point out more
errors but I hope that this will be enough to show you that you ought to
be verv careful in investing in Star phosphate
Yours truly DR W SIMON
It is human to err and as I claim no exemption from the aphorism I
have taken the precaution to communicate with the Ohio State Board ot
Agriculture to see what they know about the Bed Star Ferric Fertilizer
As will be seen below the chemist of the Ohio Department finds only nine
tenths 09 of one percent of ammonia fourtenths 04 of one percent
of potash and one and thirtynine onehundredths of available phospaoric
acid the rest or six and thirtytwo one hundredths 632 being insol
uble and therefore valueless for plant food But see what the Secretary
of the Board says and then be your own judge I was loath to believe that
Prof White of Georgia and Prof Simons of Baltimore were ignorant of
21Special Circular No 85
New Series
QUESTIONS FOR MAY CROP REPORT 1890
RETURNABLE MAY 1st 1890
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga April 18 1890
Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so as to reach this
office by the first day of May
AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with
which comparison is made is always taken as ioo Thus f the corn crop at
any time is 10 per cent better than last year or 10 per cent better than
an average it should be reported as no in each case and if 10 per cent be
low these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or
10 per cent worse but no or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague com
parisons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside or as
far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not simply to your ownarm
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character X
If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate leave the space blank
Very respectfully
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
1 For what county do you reportCounty
II Your name
III Your postoffice
25DEPARTMENT OF AGRJCULTUREGEORGIA
CORN
1 Acreage compared to that of last year
U Condition and prospect compared to an average of five years
per cent
percent
OATS
3 Acreage compared to that of last year
1percent
4 Condition and prospect compared to an average of five yearspercent
5 What per cent of the crop now standing was sown last fall
WHEAT
6 Acreage compared to that of last year
7 Condition and prospect compared to an average
percent
per cent
percent
SUGAR CANE
13 Acreage compared to that of last year
14 Stand compared to an average of five years
per cent
COTTON
8 Acreage compared to that of last year
9 Condition and prospect compared to an average of five yearspercent
10 How much earlier or later than usual Earlierrpy6 LaterDays
11 What per cent of the crop is up
12 What is the stand compared to a good stand
per cent
per cent
per cent
per cent
RICE
15 Acreage in lowland rice compared to that of last year
26QUESTIONS FOR MAY CROP REPORT
SORGHUM
16 Acreage compared to that of last yearpercent
CLOVER AND GRASSES
17 Acreage in clover and grasses compared to that of last yearper cent
lg Condition and prospects compared to an average of five yearsper cent
FRUIT
19 What per cent ofofull crop oflpeaches has escaped frostpercent
20 What per cent of a full crop of apples has set percent
21 What per cent of a full crop of pears has setpercent
22 What is the grape prospect compared to an averageper cent
23 Acreage planted in melonsacres
STOCK
24 Condition of sheep compared to last yearpercent
25 Condition of work stock compared to last yearpercent
26 Number of hogs of all ages compared to last yearper cent
27 What diseases if any have affected stock this spring per cent
SUPPLIES
28 What is the cash price per bushel for corn May 1stcents
29 What is the credit price per bushel at the same date cents
30 What per cent of a full supply of corn is now on handper cent
31 What per cent of a full supply of hay is now on handper cent
32 What per cent of fertilizers are manipulated at homeusing acid phosphate with
home manurepercent
33 What percent of high grade ammoniated guano has been usedper cent
34 What per cent of domestic fertilizers is usedpercent
274 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REMARKS
County
Sign name here
28Circular No 128
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1890
Returned to the Department of Agriculture June 11890
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga June 9 1890
GENERAL REMARKS
While a careful reading of the Notes from Correspondents and
study of the tabulated statement of general average condition of all
crops this season as compared with same date last year will give a
more satisfactory idea of the general condition of the growing crops than
any summary of a few words only I can but congratulate the farmers
on the fair prospect indicated by these reports A general improvement
in the condition of agriculture as well as of the individual farmer is
apparent The principles of economy and independence taught by the
Alliance are making their impress on the people and I can but believe
they are now on the road to that prosperity which should ever be the
reward of honest labor
CORN
The condition of this crop is reported at 97 seven points better than
at same date last year Much complaint is made of bud worm espe
cially on lowlands and consequently bad stands However the indi
cations are that a good crop has been planted and it is in fair condition
The only suggestion I can make in regard to the bud worm is that lands
most subject to these pests should be planted at as late a date as possible
and soon after the corn is up it should be barred off and soil raked
away exposing as much of the lower part of the stem to the sun as pos
sible This seems to harden the stem and cause the worm to seek cooler
quarters
472 DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTUREGEOKGIA
COTTON
is reported in better condition and a better stand than at same date last
year The stand is given at 93 as against 75 same date last year and
the condition at 93 as against 82 same date last year Some complaint
is made of scarcity of labor for chopping out but fair progress in
this work has been made and the outlook is favorable
GRAIN CROPS
Wheat and oats are both reported as badly damaged by freezes and
rust and the percentages of yield for both are put at very low figures
A liberal area should be seeded to peas to make up for any lack of forage
consequent on the failure of the oat crop
THE FRUIT CROP
Peaches are reported at 21 per cent against 100 same date last year
apples 37 against 79 last year pears 38 against 85 last year grapes 88
against 97 last year from which it will be seen that all fruits have been
more or less damaged though peaches have suffered most and in some
sections the crop is a total failure
OTHER FOOD CROPS
are reported in good condition with fair acreage planted
The following is a tabulated statement
AVEEAGE FOE THE SECTIONS AND STATE
c c f z 1 a C 3 z 1 i5 o g B s OJ II N 1 v o z I rj 3 J a as 9j z S V a 5 u a c c 0 C z z c a a zn i o a 03 V H 03 00 3 W a o 3 a 0 1 Z a S to 3 l te o O O u 0J O 2 c o M3 5 z H z z Jz z O a 0 5 1 i 0 7j z a S c 1 a u o a Ph 1 in OJ 0 a a k o3 V E V 1 s s of z z z 7 5 X a z u a Z J z ZZ CC Pi o o j o p 5 1 o CD 0 1
North Georgia 95 69 97 58 97 67 98157 97 12 38 41 si 35 63 42 13 38 UN 55 59 r 11 03 59 45 43 52 15 98 97 82 95 96 13 75 98 99 vi 93 ss 13 82 95 98 92 95 95 92 97 111 98 93 97 90 98 98 92 101 99 97 94 94 88 92 78 98 90 90 95 88 95 10 97 80 90 98 91 93 89 84 87 80 85 35 19 13 9 31 21 100 55 38 27 19 11 17 70 11 00 31 31 50 08 85 91 91 80 01 87 88 17
Middle Georgia 95 95
East Georgia 100
Southeast Georgia 71 100 94 95
Average for State June 1 1890 Average for State June 1 1889 00 18 19 90 75 98 84 97
48JUNE CROP REPORT1890
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEOKOIA
BanksGoods rains land too wet to work for some days grass grow
ing rapidly Farmers a week behind with their work The little wheat
that is in the county is being cut W J B ChattoogaDemand for corn
increasing somewhat Price now 65 cents cash 75 cents time Clover
prospect good Rain plenteous General outlook goodD W Chero
keeWhet badly damaged from freezes and rust Early sowed oats al
most a failure later good Never seen better stand of cotton fear the
cool nights will thin it out Corn looking well bad stand on lowlands
People pretty well up with their workJ J A S Wheat is as near a
failure as we have ever had owing I think to fly freeze and rustM 8
P CobbCorn poor stand injured by bud worm average about 70 Cot
ton good stand and looks well 10 days late Oats early sown entire fail
ure few late sown looking medium Wheat not over onefifth crop
Grass and clover looking well but late owing to cold in MarchA C D
DawsonCom was badly damaged by frost May 8th and the bud worm
has killed a great deal the stand will be very irregular Wheat badly
damaged by rust Cotton where the plant was up killed out Farmers
pretty well up with the season with fine rains the latter part of MayP
J C Early planted corn has good stand and looking fine late planted
greatly damaged by bud worms but the prespect good now for a stand
Cotton imperfect stand some planting over others replanting the miss
ing places Wheat the poorest for years it dont look like it would much
more than make the seed sown There are no melons raised in the county
for shipment by railroadA J L FloydWheat and fall oats nearly a
failure Spring oats will probably make a half crop Crops of all kinds
ten to fifteen days late Plenty of peaches and apples Farm hands very
scarce on account of public worksJ D McC ForsythWheat is killed
by freezes and rust from onelourth to onehalf of area will not be har
vested it is so sorry The first or early sowing of oats is no good late
sowing is perfectly splendid Corn looks very well only in lowlands it
looks a little spotted caused by bud worms Best stand of cotton gener
ally for years ten days or two weeks earlyT L S FranklinThe
farmers are well up with their work We have had a beautiful spring
good seasons and plenty of good sunshine weather the prospects were
never better for a good crop Cotton corn and oats are looking fine The
wheat is injured by the rust but will be better than I once thought it
would I think the farmers future is brightJ B D McW Wheat a
failure from rust fall oats a failure from rust spring oats about an aver
age Have had plenty of rain Crops near an average condition Yours
on the breeding of mules a timely suggestionJ H S OilmerCorn is
badly injured by insects killing it in the bud Wheat crop is almost a total
failure and considerable amount of cheat mixed with itL T Gordon
49DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
I feel sure by rust and the fly we will not make onefourth of an aver
age crop of wheat Oats almost ruined by freezesJ G B E Owinnett
Com injured probably ten per cent by bud worms About five percent
of cotton killed by frost on the 7th planted over and looking well We
have had a season every week this month and corn and cotton seldom
looked more promising Wheat and oats taken all over will not make
much more than the seedT R Rather too much rain in May for cot
ton I can verify what the Commissioner says in reference to the cost of
raising colts I have raised several during my life for use on my farm and
never realized that they cost me scarcely anything Beats paying out 150
for a farm mule all at once Every farmer who terms himself such
should raise his stock and provisions Can some one explain tbe almost
entire absence of caterpillars that usually infest the orchards of this coun
try J M P Stands of cotton never better and never more healthy
Corn promises well good stand better than usual The excessive rains
of late have given the grass an advantage but a week of sunshine will
subdue it on most farmsR D W HabershamFarm laborers are very
scarce and unreliable Nearly all of the cotton crop has been thinned to a
stand in this county Bud worms are very bad in corn on lowlands some
are plowing up and planting over I would like to hear from some of my
brother farmers on fattening hogs on Spanish peanuts I raised eight
bushels from the package our efficient Commissioner sent me in 1888 I
have one acre planted this season for hogsS J B HallIt is too early
to estimate the average for grapes Grape culture is growing in favor every
year Your efforts to induce the farmers to raise more stock are commend
able Can you not induce them to raise more stock feed in the way of
beets rutabagas etc in addition to the grasses clover etc A R S
Corn looking well on scubble and bottom lands Bud worms very bad
causing many to plant over Cotton looking well where well worked
wheat ruined with rust and fly oats in some places looking well in other
places poor stand from freezes Farms in better condition from work than
usual for this season of the yearW F W The acreage of melons in
this county would be very hard to make Almost every farmer raises some
for market but they are only sold from the wagon just about enough to
meet the local demand There is some rice being planted in this county
but on a small scale The tobacco crop will be shorter than usual owing
to killing the plants by the last freeze and frost The yield of clover bids
fair to be the largest ever grown in this county Packages of seeds received
and planted and result will be reported I send you a stalk of grass only
recently discovered Last year it headed out about the first of May
Seen now about ripe Seems to be perennial will save the seed this year
Grows well on good upland and bottom land Stock seems to eat it well
I wish to know what kind of grass it is If you wish I will send you a
few of the seedA S W Send us some of the seed together with
another specimen of grass in bloom if possible and will name itCom
50JUNE CROP REPORT1890
HaralsonFine stands of early planted corn and cotton Later plantings
not so good Bud worms on bottoms very destructive Cotton and corn
look encouraging It was dry until the 27th when we had a fine season
Some oats no wheatJ W B JacAsonWheat very poor probably
damaged by fly Fall oats much hurt by frost yet the whole crop taken
together will probably make an average Up to this time seasons have
been goodJ J The brighest prospects for several yearsmore home
supplies best stands of cotton and corn and the most hopeful outlook for
years I am not a member of the Alliance on account of mercantile inter
est but it is a potent fact that it is doing a long needed workT S J
MadisonCom and cotton all right Wheat and oats very near a failure
Farmers in the grass owing to the scarcity of day handsJ F P
MurrayLight frost here on May 8th but no material damage done
Very early cotton was slightly damagedH H Wheat almost a failure
Fall sown oats badly winter killed Prospect good for cotton corn pota
toes etcJ A McK Paulding Nearly impossible to get a stand of
corn on lowland on account of bud worms The people are generally up
with their work The Alliance is still moving onwardP P McB
PickensCoo nights continue to the injury of the growing corn A
small white worm having a black head has caused a great many to have
to plant their corn the second and some the third time The farmers are
behind owing to too much rain The wheat has been injured by a small
fly freezes and rust It now has the scab The outlook I am sorry to say
is rather gloomyE R A PolkWe have had fine seasons and cotton
and corn seems to be on a general boomthe prospects for either as fine as
I ever saw at this time of year Most fields are perfectly free from grass
and weeds Worms have attacked the peach crop and most of them will
fall off before they ripen Peanuts and melons are such small crops with
us that they are hardly worth reportingR T P BabunThe farmers
are later with their work this spring than usual They are taking more
time in preparing their lands for the crop than usual and the wet spring
has had something to do with the tardiness of work on the farms The
people are not done planting corn in this county at this writing May 26
There has been a good season in the last three days Bust on wheat and
rye but none on oatsE S The oat crop not advanced far enough to es
timate the yield the prospect now indicate a fair yield None or very
few sown last fall Early spring seeded slightly injured by freeze The
wheat crop injured fully half by freeze and rust The rye crop is injured
to some extent by a small green louse sucking the grainF A B Towns
In parts of the county wheat is ruined by the rust and in other parts the
wheat crop is tolerably good Oats are row taking the rust and I fear
will be ruined No peaches except high up in the coves where they were
protected from the north windsM J B Wheat is looking very badly
Rust on blades before it headed out heads coming small and irregular
Bud worms bad on young cornJ N G UmoraWheat may fall below
516 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
the per cent 60 on account of the freeze and rust We think the peach crop
a failure on account of late frost Corn is above an average as to condition
and appearance no injury up to this time by spring frost H L C
WalkerCotton good stand and looks well Corn has been preyedon by
bud worms and has been in many fields heavily replanted Wheat is a
failure The crop will not yield the seed that was sownruined by fly
freeze and rust Oats badly damaged by freeze a little over half crop will
be realizedJ Y W Spring little cool but perfect stands of com and
cotton Pastures fine clover never better and stock of all kinds healthy
and fatF M Y WhiteCool weather has continued till now Bad
stand of corn in bottom land Some planting over Owing to some cause
the prospect for wheat was poor later the rust seized it Oats killed by
March freeze Hail storm passed through the county on May 7th destroy
ing cotton wheat rye fruit etc in its course Sweet potatoes not all
up Plenty of rain No melons raised for shipping in White county
No sickness more than usual among stockC H K Whitfield Wheat
almost a complete failure on account of freeze and rust the freeze so dam
aged it that it has made but little except cheat Spring oats as fine as I
ever saw and no rust Corn and cotton late but looks well Clover and
grass so damaged by the March freeze that the weeds got the start and will
damage the crop Peach trees badly killed by late freeze and what fruit
three is is very defective F G
MIDDLE GEOKGIA
BibbToo much rain just now While all crops look well there is a
full average crop of grass both stand and conditionB T R Baldwin
Peach crop failure excepting few seedlings Farmers well up with work
and not so much in debt Fall oats housed in fine condition spring oats
will yield about an average of 10 per centJ D M ButtsFine seasons
and corn and cotton looking well where well worked and planted Early
bud worms have done some damage to lowlands Our farmers are raising
more stock than usual The Alliance has done that much good T G P
CampbellCotton looks well though small Corn a little off Oats a
failure But little wheat sown Peaches no good Stock looks well and
the farmers generally cheerfulF H S Farmers are well up with their
farms Stand of corn and cotton perfect looking fine Wheat oats and
peaches a failure Stock in good condition Seasons good farmers hope
ful The Alliance firm etcJ S D The weather has been favorable in
May for farming until the last 26th We now have an excess of rain
which is disastrous to wheat and if it continues long will be injurious to
cotton Corn looking well Wheat has not been destroyed by bud worm
Ihey have been worse than usual necessitating much replanting All
oiier crops normal conditionJ J B CarrolNever in the history of
arming were the prospects more flattering for good crops than at present
Had a splendid rain the 26th which was badly needed First season since
we plantedI N R The cold snap on the 8th killed good deal cotton
52JUNE CROP REPORT1890
making the stands bad where fresh plowed Wheat and oats a failure Stand
of corn bad from bud worms but the farmers are well up with their work
and buying less on timeM R R What is called the bud worm has
damaged corn to a great extent Some fields almost required to be
replanted with plow More guano sold than any previous year Reason
Oats and wheat being killed the land was plowed up and put in cotton
seed as it was too late to plant corn consequently it required more guano
and therefore a larger acreage is planted in cottonS C C Clayton
We have just had a fine growing season Crops of corn and cotton are
looking very well Good stands of cotton Corn has been injured some
by bud worms Wheat almost worthless Oats about half cropA P A
The average for corn has fallen off several points since last month on
account of the bud worms I never knew them so bad before No rust in
oats Wheat has the rust badlyW P J ColumbiaCrops of corn and
cotton in good condition I have never seen them better Farmers are
cheerful and jubilant over prospective good prices for cotton Rains have
been gentle and enough to dateJ Q S CowetaSeasons have been
good Farmers well up with their work With negro labor cotton is our
only diversity of crops with guano only for a fertilizerW F S
Cotton is generally looking very well and corn also There is more plant
ed and more guano used and the preparation generally better The out
look for a promising crop is very flattering There has been less rain than
usual during the spring months Provisions meat and corn are cheap
Labor scarce and not to be relied on generally Money scarce rates of
interest high and more especially to those who are in need of help The
early oats McColloughs are not ripe yet sown 22d February will be ripe
by the 10th of JuneW A S DeKalb Farmers in fine spirits Corn
and cotton doing well Fine rains Wheat a failure Oats sown since
the freeze as good as the ground can make them Everything on a boom
Railroads coming land on a boom and the farmers are going to say who
goes to the Legislature from this county for the first time in yearsW
H C DouglassCotton is as near a perfect stand as I eversaw looks well
Corn is damaged by bud worm Wheat is the nearest a failure I ever saw
More millet sown than usual Farmers are working hard though a few
days behind Has been raining 24 hours nowW H N Elbert
The wheat crop is almost a total failure But little more than enough for
seed will be harvested and that unfit for milling purposesJ L T
FayetteCotton and corn are flourishing Oats and wheat are almost a
failure Peaches have fallen off through May until there are very few left
on the trees Can you give a remedy for blight in apple treesW S M
Corn and cotton looking well and clean Farmers hopeful Sale of West
ern corn off 50 per cent Peach and apple crop poor Grape crop promis
ing Let us take a little wine for our stomachs sake etc As for peach
and honey they have gone up Salt riverQ C G Cotton crop a
little late though in good condition and growing rapidly Corn looking
well Gardens fine Outlook favorable Labor generally sufficient and
53DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTU KEGEORGIA
doing fair service The Alliance has done a good work for the country
and will be a success if it will only keep out of politics If they go into
that they will split the Democratic party and prove a failureI G W
Where oats were not killed by freeze in March they are an average crop
All varieties have the rust but the damage will be slight Wheat as a
rule will not pay for harvesting However there is some tolerable fair
crops The present outlook for corn and cotton is very flatteringJ G P
FultonThe bud worm has been very destructive to corn and in most
parts of the county we have been unable to get anything like a stand from
first planting Have had to replant several times and in some cases
plowed up whole fields and planted over againG M F GreeneFarm
ers are up with their work and in better condition financially than they
have been since 1875 The Davis colddrouth and rustproof oats are a
complete failure ruined by the rust What is the best winter grass how
and when to plant it I mean grass that grows during the winter months
A N A Apples and pears are suffering more from blight this season
than I have ever known them The Seckle is the only pear on my place
that is free from its effectsC M 8 HancockWe are having a season
of rams and the grass is getting good foothold but things are looking well
The wheat is almost a failure but the oats have greatly improved and is
very good where the stand is good and are now being harvested the fall
The spring crop will be tolerableJ W C Plenty rain Crops in good
condition growing finely Outlook promisingH L M HarrisRain
much needed for growing crops Harvesting of oats fully begun and rain
would be of little benefit to them Fall sown oats except on moist bot
toms promise a better yield than those sown in the spring Farmers
fully up with their work and are still hopeful of a good cropJ B P
HeardI have had to make a guess without any data on the melons
Crops are in fine fix today the 2Gth ground too wet to work The oats
are a worse failure than I ever saw from freezes The wheat from some
cause I cant tell has not been healthy from its coming up I think that
cotton is the best stand I ever saw as a general thing The bud worms
have cut upland corn worse than any year of my farming cutting yet
Apples have made a failure since my May report Peaches are falling off
J B W HenryThe seasons have been very good Crops in good
condition Great demand at this time for more laborers in the fields
J A C W JonesThe crops of cotton and corn are good Wheat is
almost a failure Oats have improved greatly since last report Farmers
are very well up with work though labor is a little scarce The seasons
have been all that could have been desired Guano is telling finely on the
cropsJ W B The corn cotton potatoes and cane which are the main
crop are all promising a full yield are in good condition and a good sea
son in the ground If the plowman will stand ready to his post and press
his work for the next sixty days he has every assurance of a bountiful
yield will be able to meet his creditors with a pleasant face and thank
54JUNE CROP BBPOKT1890 9
God for the blessingsR T B ZiwotoThe county has been blessed
with fine seasons and crops of all kinds bid lair to make good yields
J M D MeJDuffleThe seasons very propitious for all growing crops
Oats improved 25 per cent or more since last report Cotton fifteen days
in advance of last year corn the same Farmers well up with their work
and spirits buoyantA E S Meriwetherl am afraid the fruit crop
will be a failure The few peaches on the trees are falling off I have seen
no apples R M McC JKowroeBeautiful rains with excellent pros
pects Corn and cotton considerably thinned by cut worms Some sec
tions were visited the 18th by a considerable hail storm which thanks
unto Providence lasted only a few minutes Apple and pear trees continue
to shed their fruit and fruit trees continue to die Very few healthy ones
to be found It was the cold that did the WorkK C T MorganOur
small grain a comparative failure but corn and cotton looking better and
in better condition than I ever saw themJ T N We have lately had
fine rains Crops are doing well but people are behind with chopping a
good many not yet through With fair weather now we will be all right
G D P OglethorpePeople generally are well up with their work
Oat crops are fine The outlook generally is better than usual at this sea
son J J G We plant no watermelons only for home use but make
good ones Half acre usually will supply large family The wheat crop
was largely injured by fly and rust and a great many farmers
plowed it up Cotton better stand than usual and in fair condition but
heavy rains now falling may cause grass and weeds to destroy itJ McW
Pike Cotton is in fine condition Corn is backward and is about 20 per
cent below an averageJ W M Crop prospects are fine Corn never
better No wheat or oats except a few patches of oats on good land
J A W PutnarnA strong decoction of wild cherry bark has proved
very efficacious in hog cholera in some portions of this countyO W K
Recent rains have retarded farm work causing some grass Extra labor
is scarce and high Crops however are fine especially corn where it has
been worked Farmers are cheerful and are buying less on credit than
they have for many yearsJ T D 2tocdafePlenty of rain this week
Labor very scarce and becoming more unreliable every year Farmers
will have to rely on themselves and plant less and manure and cultivate
better and let Cuffee go The orchards of peach trees are dying very rap
idly with the yellowsP H W Fruit trees are yet throwing oft their
fruit Mulberries and grapes a full crop Other fruits injuredJB K
TaliaferroFov three weeks or more we have had good seasons Cotton
has come up remarkably well and everything is growing off admirably
The land has however been too wet to work much of the time and in
consequence farmers are behind with their business Not much wheat
was sown in this section and what was sown has been badly damaged
Spring oats if not sown too late are pretty good Our fine rains have put
gardens on a boomL L V Stand of corn injured by the bud worm
5510
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Growth of cotton has been checked by cool nights plants small but
healthy Early sown grain almost destroyed by fly and rust in
fall and winter My early sown rye was ruined by rust in December
r eslS KaVe Tu kuWn befre There iS a reat demad for labor
Less day labor to be had than ever before and farmers who depended upon
them for cotton chopping are in trouble The Alliance has put new life
mto the farmers D N S TaSeasons have been unusually good to
date Stands of cotton never better Labor is in much demand for cot
ton chopping I fear that farmers are more disposed to extensifying than
intensifymgD G O Recent rains have greatly improved oats Fruit
crop almost an entire failure Great scarcity of labor for chopping cotton
Weather now favorable for the growing cropsW H E Troup Oats
are extremely sorry caused by the freeze in March rust fly and dry
b7nomr 7 t aTrly frm Same CaUSeS Cotton is por on the
bottom lands caused by cool weather and want of rain to put such lands
in proper conditionJ P Small grain nearly a failure The same of the
fruit crop all from the effects of the freeze last winter and spring H H
V tpsonOats improved some since last report Wheat almost a total
failure Fruit crop of all kinds a complete failure Corn about 90 per
cent of a full crop Stand of cotton fine and prospect at present very
lflnU fernS POPW A A lF0nWheat almost a
falme Small area and badly damaged by rust fly and freezing out
But few fal oats stood the freezing Spring oats low and crop will be
short most too dry in spring Cotton perfect stands well worked and
looking hne Corn looking well though irregular standsowing to ravage
of bud worms Seasons have been all that the farmer could desireJ M
G WarrenCorn and cotton healthy looking well good stand and in
good cond ionprospects flattering Wheat oats and fruits a failure A
good rain last nightD W R Use buttermilk freely on your cattle
Commence at the horns and rub well on shoulders and back to the tails
and you will never see any lice on themone quart to the cow Try it
Jason good Corn and cotton in good condition Most of cottoncrop
chopped five to eight days early Very few peaches and applesJ A S
WMesVery fine weather for working crops up to the 17th Nights of
th and 4th very heavy rainssome hail in spots with frost and heavy
wind nights 18th and 25th continuous rain Cloudy and somewhat
chilly day and especially at night Yesterday and today 31 sun hot
again Almost double effectual farm work ttrst half over last half of
month Some have utilized time saving grain with cradles Where not
worked out before cotton needs attention badlyJ T W
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Crops though small look well The dry March a
retarded planting and the germination of seed planted Peach trees dead
1 do not think there will be any peaches in Baker county this season I
know of none Oats fall were in boot March 1 Though badly hurt will
56 JUNE CROP REPORT1890
11
make a half crop Spring oats are better Fall oats hurt by dry April
spring oats generally benefited by May rains Cattle and sheep in much
better condition than usual owing to the mild winterG F K Kain
plenty during May and the crop prospect improved but is not up to an
average R J Rain in excess for May Grass abounding Spring oats
good but few were sowed fall oats pretty much a failure Stand of cotton
good but much cotton is late Owing to dry weather in April did not
come up Distemper in horses and mules has prevailed Stock badly used
up bv it W L C BerrienCotton one month late not done chopping
yet Too much rain at present Oats lost by freezes and storm on the 20th
of May Stock in better condition than for yearsE C P The finest
prospect of cotton crop I have seen lor many years Cotton is lateboth
long and shortcause by drouth at planting timeJ J P BjoofeCorn
and pinder crops good and in fine condition Cotton crop from two to
three weeks late owing to dry weather Cotton and grass alter the rams
came up together which puts the crop in bad condition All other held
crops are good and in fine condition Fruit crop almost an entire failure
even the blackberry crop a partial failureT W J Oats almost an en
tire failure Corn good Cotton ten days late not yet chopped and ram
too much to work young cotton Hogs healthy Country bacon m stacks
in our towns No demand Selling at 6 cents cash for sides joints 42 to
5 centsR I D ChattahoocheeWe have had good seasons for several
weeks All crops have improved very much Labor is rather scarce Cut
worms have done more damage than usual to cotton The late oats have
improved vervmuch Where the land is good they wi 1 average full 100
Melons are only planted for home consumptionJ H W ColqmttXul
very little cotton was above ground when the May rains set in Conse
quently cotton and grass came up together Our farmers are having a
hard time in clearing the cotton of the grass Rains have been abundant
and heavy through May In some localities heavy storms have prevailed
but doing no serious damage to the cropsF J M Calhour On
account of dry spell 1st of May late cotton was slow to come up but looks
well when properly worked Bountiful rains the last of May and corn is
looking well Oats were badly damaged in some localities by winds and
rain same being ready to harvest and others partially harvested Labor
scarce and high price demandedF P G CrawfordPlenty of rain and
grass is now beginning to grow Farmers are very busy Labor very
scarce Railroads and saw mills have demoralized farm labor Seventy
five cents per day three square meals and a plug of tobacco thrown in will
hire a scrub for about nine hours during two days per week Honey crop
a failure J W S DecaturThis is my first year in old Decatur and 1
must say that I think there is a marked change for the better for our
county lands are steadily advancing without any boom and planters are
taking more pride and using more thrift and energy than heretofore crops
generally being better worked and labor generally plentifulS k H the
5712
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
closing of a six weeks drought was followed by the haidest rain I ever
saw and did much damage by washing fields and breaking the stand of
corn and cotton The farmers are very much behind with their farm work
and at this writing we are threatened with another droughtW B McD
Good grasskilling weather Crops in a good condition Fifty per cent of
oats in harvest Cotton late but looking well Workstock in good con
dition hogs plentiful Farmers are making more and spending less
Farmers Alliance and its works is the chorus to most of songsE L P
Dooly Cotton and corn look promising Oats better than was antici
pated Wheat a failureS P O DoughertyAbout thirty to forty per
cent of the cotton crop came up from the 15th to 20th of May Grass cot
ton and all came up together The negro tenants have not worked as they
should consequently a great deal of their crops will have to be abandoned
unless they work better and it continues seasonable and farmers or land
owners who furnish fertilizers mules and farming tools will suffer great
loss I see no way to get them to work their crops They will not work
on Saturdays if it rains all the rest of the week All grain sowed in fall and
winter was ruined by winter and spring drought and the heavy freeze the
first of March Spring oats have come out since the rains and made
eightyfive per cent of a crop Cotton has suffered from cool nights and
lice Lice have broken stands in some fields Corn is young as it was
plowed up and replanted about March 20 which makes it a month lateri
but it is in a healthy condition good stalk and has been fairly cultivated
Labor cannot be had to do hoe workJ L D While the rains have been
light in some places I think every portion of the county has had enough
The yield of oats has been better than it promised the first of May Corn
a little backward but improving rapidly now Cotton healthy with good
stands though if the rains continue grass will cause trouble as day labor
is scarceA W C EarlyCotton is late and somewhat grassy Corn
is small but looks well in good condition and being laid by May has been
unusually wet 6 inches of rain having fallen With rain in June there
will be an abundant corn cropD W M Corn is doing its best there
having been rain all through May It is yet raining too much for cotton
Grass and weeds are rapidly gaining on us every day and labor scarce
May crops must necessarily suffer if rain continues Oats are much better
than thought to be at last report some making full crops the late spring
sowing being a failure Stock in fine condition Xo disease among us at
presentJ B H LeeCopious rains have improved the oats crop much
in the past three weeks otherwise not onefourth the crop would have
been harvested The melon growers are in a fair way to bring about a
system of cooperation by which we will be able to realize something in
reason from our cropR P J MaconThe wheat and oat crops are
both poor The outlook is very good crops having improved wonderfully
since last report Day labor scarce and high prices asked The freedmen
are fast playing outJ B M MarionSheep have nearly all been killed
58JU1NE CROP REPORT1890
13
by the dogs Very little wheat grown in county Oats that were not
totally destroyed by cold have improved most wonderfully by the weekly
May rains Corn and cotton bids fair to make a full crop but in occasional
instanceswhen planted late or on weedy land is injured considerably by
worms Peaches and apples a failure Not many grapesGW C M M o w
raining Cotton perfect stand fifteen days late Corn bids fair Three
fourths done chopping cotton Gardens fine Crops In fair condition
T E Miller The freeze March 1 killed corn and it had to be planted
over causing corn to be late All early cotton was considerably damaged
by cutworms during cold nights in April The dry weather in April also
caused all late cotton to come up very irregular and late Up to this date
cotton is doing badlyJ S C QuitmanThe crop prospect is good
except the fruit crop which will be very short caused from the freeze oi
Overtop last season dont know which I think both The oat crop is
bein harvested and is turning out pretty wellmuch better than expected
The stand of cotton is bad on some farms but replant is coming up well
R G M RandolphAt this writing rains are fine and crops of all sorts
booming although grass is threatening and all crops need workR 1 O
StewartlCom small but in good condition color good and growing
Stands of cotton greatly injured by cutworms Dont knowacreagein
melons but suppose it equal to last years Peaches an entire failure and
Sventyftve per cent of old trees deadJ G P Labor is scarce m some
sections Rains plentiful since 1st of May In many places cutworms
broke stand of cotton badly Budworms injured corn on owlands Gai
den vegetables greatly injured by cutworms Farm stock in good con
dition cows and hogs in good condition One case of glanders in county
a Missouri shipped muleand that one was killed as soon as discovered
C W A TaylorGood season in the ground and general prospect fair
Hog and hominy is the general order of the dayD R B farmers not
going so much in debt as formerly and seem more cheerful oik stock
in fine condition The Alliance is determined on political measures not
men J F A Terrelll find the peach crop a complete failure in this
county and there is not one in five that has yet put out leaves and the
apple is but very little better There are a few apples but very few and
pears are very scattering and I fear will not be worth anything as they are
very knotty Fall oats are poor but the late rain has brought out
the spring oats until they will now make a tolerable good cropT J S
iLrThe corn looks fine and plenty of rain up to the present time
Cotton is two weeks late in this county There are no melons planted in
this county for market that I know ofG W D The stand of cotton
has been injured by cut worms and excessive wet weather Mmg 8J
to get the advantage of it and labor is so scarce and unrehable that I fear
some will not be able to work their crops Corn is fine Cut worms have
played havoc with potato plants Cholera among hogs in some localities
R A B JPorCorn planted late Bad stands and too dry and cut
5914
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
worms drill worms Hessian fly and every other hindrance to a stand of
corn birds not excepted Oats had a good and bad time of it but a fair
yield Cotton nearly all killed second planting good stand late baT
too dry cut worms etc Potatoes all right generally Peaches and apples
quite a failure Grapes all rlghtW W P The seasons for the last To
weeks have been very favorable and all crops have reacted from the six
chon ou Tn O We h AprU and flrSt f May PS h o
clop out all their cotton twice on account of only part coming up and the
The 2 m T gTnd UntU the raiM Set the jt a11 n up at once
lhe peach apple and pear crops are almost an entire failure and part of
the peach trees have not put out yetG B W
EAST GEORGIA
BuUoehVM oats a total failure very little fruit of any kind there is
a considerable mcrease of acreage in melons too much rain at this time
C A S BurkeThe oat crop was not so much injured in this county
and sec ion of the State by rust or freezes as by the warm and dry wintef
which illustrates the truth if anything that normal seasons are L e ei I
tial to health and vigor in the vegetable as the animal kingdom The ex
penence of some melon growers in this county has been so lull of Ln
pointment that they have ceased to plant thenat all The pea c o wm
be a failure from all indications B J dNever iw a be7ter
prospect for the tune of year for all cropsD MB EmanZ7TTt
crop was seriously damaged by the late cold consequently wiil be n
sually short The peach crop is a complete failure many trees are iust
now leafed out Apples are damaged by an insect that works in theVud
he has been here for several yearsW R K GlasscockPlentyrZ
good stands of corn and cotton wheat and oats very poorD D Jeffer
Corn very good cotton damaged by hail storms the fruit crfp a
complete failure small grain damaged by cold at leasi twenty fler
cen S M C Corn is fine cotton medium The rains have been plen
tiul up to this time Prospects good for all crops Fruit especHlPv
peaches are almost a failureA E T The condition of cotton TmSe
for this date Excessive rains have fallen in portions of the coun v and
protectively the condition is not so high as I make it ShouldZeseTrains
continue and the oat crop be harvested grass will very greatly change the
situaton Hail has done immense damage in isolated places TH
ZSConditions of crops generally good except fruit which isIfon
ure Farmers are up with their work and seem to be more interested n
their affairs generallyT J B Fruit is almost a complete fai ure we
perhaps never made a better crop than in 89 The prospect now is tl
percent better than this date one year agoJ T C lV
rain this month May than all of theyea Corn JsmalluTis
Cotton very small Cotton chopping is behind too much Sin 0
almost a failure Very little Western corn being bought by the farl
60JUNE CROP REPORT1890
15
W F H MontgomeryThis May 24th fine growing weather for the past
week and when crops have been worked the prospect is bright for a rich
harvest White labor is the principal farm labor of this county and prin
cipally Alliancemen and their sons The improved condition of things
around the farms shows that those who work them feel an interest in
themG M T McL PulaskiFarmers behind with work Too much
rain for this time of year Corn and cotton look well though cotton is
small The fruit crop is a failure with the exception of grapes and pears
M A S ItviggsThe frequent and heavy rains of the present month
have been greatly beneficial to the oat crop but damaging to the stand of
cotton and substracting somewhat from the condition of cornH 8 W
WashingtonFarm work well up seasons good planters generally in
fine spiritsH N H WilkinsonHave had fine seasons since first of
May Crops of all kinds doing well and in good condition But very little
fruit of any kind except grapes and blackberriesJ A M
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Bryan Weather has continued dry some partial showers and cloudy
weather In the past ten years I never saw before so bad a stand of corn
or cotton in the eastern part of this county Oats are a failure yet I do not
know of one field of the few that were fertilized and carefully planted that
has not made a fair crop of grain and straw Deficiencies in soil prepara
tion and fertilization show in trying seasonsP D C CharltonCrops
are ten or fifteen days late by the dry weather through April Since May
1st the refreshing showers have made crops of all kinds look fineA D
Owing to late freeze and drought it was thought the oat crop was a
failure but timely rains improved them wonderfully and I believe there
will be a yield of twothirds Twothirds of the corn look well cotton
small but farmers are hopeful most of it is clean farmers pretty well up
with their workA G G CamdenStands of corn have been bad on
account of drought Much of the crops is young but with good seasons
most will yet come up to an average At this writing the season is fine and
all crops are in good condition Cannot report acreage of sweet potatoes
until about AugustJ K CoffeeWe are having fine growing weather
for the last ten days Corn crops are in good condition the stand is very
good the stalk is small but has a good color and is doing well Cotton
is young with a perfect stand and in a very good condition Oats are a
failureJ B P The condition of corn at present is very flattering Ow
ing to the late cold oats was damaged twentyfive per cent Cotton
though planted later is looking well is well worked and clear of grass
The farmers are turning their attention more to peanuts as a porkfattening
crop Melons are looking fine Peaches almost a failure The clip of
wool better than usualJ B ClinchA cool dry spring very much
hindered getting a stand and made many crops late Cotton suffered most
in this respectB C M EffmghamOats a failure Corn cotton peas
6116 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
and potatoes medium fair Seasons favorable Negro labor played out
F R T LibertyOn account of excessive dry weather not having had
a good rain since last August until the 19th of this month crops of all
kinds are backward Cotton seed were particularly hard to sprout espe
cially when planted after the first of April We are having copious show
ers this the 27th day of April and we feel more encouragedJ O D Jr
PierceCrops are generally latefrom one to two weeks It has been very
dry but for the past two weeks we have had copious showers and at this
writing 527 we are having fine rain and had all last nightA L
R A Telfair Farmers are having a hard battle with the grass Since
the rain set in on the 2nd day of May which have continued to the pres
ent and is raining today land is wet and heavy too much so to be stirred
about the young plants though farmers are in good spirits and are going
it manfully What few oats there are will be saved in bad conditionso
wet Labor scarceW F W WareOur cropsall kindsare coming
out good except fruit Recent rains are doing us good Our farmers are all
satisfied so far They planted more cotton and corn and not so much
riceJ M S
COTTON CATERPILLAR
The time is near at hand when the caterpillar will put in their work in
those sections of theState where theyfrequeut It isseldom theycomenorth
of Macon Georgia and by no means do they commit their ravages in
every section south of it It is mostly in humid spots where the hind is
unusually fertile and therefore produces a luxuriant foliage It is par
ticularly important for farmers everywhere south of Macon to keep a bright
lookout for them In passing through a field whenever the moth is seen
flying before you it is time for you to feel some alarm The moth usuallv
remains quiescent until disturbed by some passerby It is important if
possible to destroy them before the eggs are deposited Failing in discov
ering them at the very beginning preventions should be used to destrov
the hatching The caterpillar has four stages of existence first the moth
then egg next the larva or worm then the cocoon or chrysalis Then
again from the chrysalis comes the moth Of course each successive crop
ot moths greatly increases the number of worms It isestimated that everv
moth produces during a single season 400 eggs and every egg a worm
Without pursuing the investigation farther any person may readily see
how and when it is such immense armies are produced
Now we all know the past winter was phenomenally warm hardlv
enough freeze having occurred even in the mountains to insure the
destruction of insect life therefore it is doubly1 important for farmers
particularly in the southern part of the State to be vigilant An old
aphorism tells us a stitch in time saves nine
The usual application for their destruction is poison in the form of Lon
don purple or Paris green The former is always applied in a liquid form
One pound of the London purple to 80 or 100 gallons of water is the usual
proportion
Paris green is used either in a dry or liquid form If dry it is commonly
used in an ordinary fine seive Some however prefer a revolving seed
distributor or sower moving at a rapid rate and scattering over several
rows at a ti ne This is the more rapid way Where either of these poisJUNK CROP REPORT1890
17
ons are used in a liquid form it should be by tilling the liquid in a barrel
mounted upon a wagon and inserting in the bottom of the barrel a long
India rubber tube with a perforated nozzle in the other with an iron tube
so inverted as to throw the water from the nozzle on the under part of the
leaf where the young worm is hatched
The Alabama plan of distributing the poison is thus Make two sacks o
ordinary shirting big enough to contain about a pint perhaps a mart of
dry Paris green put them in this sack attach each to the end ot a rod
long enough to extend over four cotton rows place the pole or rod centra
lv over the pommel of a saddle The motion of the mule or horse will
give sufficient agitation to spread the poison gently over the four rows
There is yet another device for the extermination of the caterpillar or rath
er the caterpillar moth That is the form of a light by which to attract the
moth at night The device consists of a tin basin 15 or 18 inches in diame
ter In the center of the basin stands a lamp filled with oil and over the
lamp is a tin tube with about one dozen perforations of about an inch eacii
in diameter The moth attracted by the glow of the lamp which streams
through these perforated holes singes their wings and they tall helplessly
to the basin below
These cotton fly lamps can be procured from Messrs Marx McCrystad
New Orleans La
They are very highly recommended by the above named parties iney
eontain as much light as would be given out by eight ordinary lamps
The windows through the tubular covering over the lamp is covered with
mica or isinglass Neither rain or heat will break them and the lamp
they say can be run one night at an expense of J cent Wind and ram
has no effect They can be bought at the sum of 12 per dozen In every
case where the poison is applied dry it should be done while the dew is on
the foliage In every case where the poison is immediately succeeded by
a rain the work should be repeated as the rain if at all hard will wash
the poison from the foliage
COTTON BAGGING
Hin John T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture
My Deak SinI am in receipt of your Crop Report for the month of
May 1890 I wish to say first of all that f am always interested in your
reports and whatever else comes from your office
But I wish to write you on the subject of Cotton Bagging taking my cue
from the paragraph of your report headed Cotton is Still King the
spirit of which I admire but at the same time I have somewhat to say
anent the same Perhaps no man in Georgia has been more fully ldenti
lied with the bagging fight than your humble servant I was chairman
of the committee in the State Alliance that formulated the plan and was
the chief instrument in securing its passage in the Alliance substantially
as it came from the committee
That plan was emphatically and tersely stated in the words Cotton
only for the covering of cotton and in my view the strength of our game
lies not in the defeat of the jute trust and the reduction of the price of jute
bagging nor in the substituting therefor of some other cheaper article but
in carrying out the original plan of cotton onlylint cotton onlyan acov
ering for cotton And I have steadily and constantly held that the con
sumption of our staple in this new channel by increasing the demand and
thereby enhancing the value of the same will more than compensate for
every apparent loss growing out of the difference in price of the bagging
63 18
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
and the unjust and iniquitous tare on cotton covered bales Indeed I feel
sure that so soon as the cotton growers demonstrate their determination to
use cotton only the tare will be made actual because it is simply
and no set of men can long contend for a gross injustice
I have therefore looked with suspicion on every effort to find a substi
tute for jute Indeed I see but little choice between jute and pine traw
or even cottonstalk fibre as a covering for our cotton Either material
foreign to the cotton grower What difference to us whether we use c
straw cottonstalk fibre or jute except that whichever is cIk
answers the purpose well will be the best for us And I do not doubt that
jute would be the article that would answer these conditions
tmt0tb11MarntUeKariSingt0 theioton growe1 n the bark of his
stalks that s not to be expected until the demand for that fibre arose to
vvreZemKedt1SUne Whle PP a tingency doubtless
I have looked upon every effort to substitute some other eoverin for
cotton m the place ot jute as an effort to divert the Alliance from the main
question of using cotton only as a covering for cotton If the jute en
can get the Alliance and the cotton growers to give up their own stenle
and turn to pinestraw bear grasa palmetto or cotton stall for a
tolbetnen theJutetrustcan sing their de triumphed the vic
This is not a contest for the putting down of jute unless it be put down
by means of cotton bagging For one I am willing to submit to evZv
necessaiy sacrifice m order to make a success of cotton S but
when the fight turns on any other fibre Im for the cheapest
have written you this for the purpose of drawing out your views on the
subect and if you have time to do so please write me at S O
course if cotton stalk fibre can be so utilized as to be the cheapest article
lor the manufacture of textile fabrics of that class and a demand A 1
created for our cotton stalks that will pay a profit on the ha I f tie
then will the cottongrower and the country be benefited but even e
believe here would be more money in the use of cotton bagglngfat
to the cotton raiser ssSj uisi
Hoping to hear from you soon 1 am personally and officially your friend
T Wat A Wilson
While I thank Mr Wilson sincerely for his kindly personal allusions to
myself and to my administration modesty forbids their publication here
However the views above given are so clear and perspicuous that I deem
it proper to give them a place in this crop report I confess tl e c e
of these reasonings has satisfied me if 1 ever had any doubts before t at
there are master heads in the farmers Alliance who fullyundSndThe
situation Without any change in the few remarks headed Cotton UiStlll
King and which appeared in the crop report for May 1 am ratilPI to
know hat it has elicited the able expose of the original plan that moved
the order m then opposition to the jute combine I had no further Meafn
penmng my very brief communication than to extol the verv maiy vir
ues ol the cotton plant When I came to the decorticated bark now
dlbS iTVm ffric ih the manfecture of cotton baling g t
centeperyardr SiU BUCh KKKiK oW be producld for 7j
My friend Mr WUsons line of argument satisfies me however thai
the ultimate designs oi the Alliance are feasible and tin full fruition of
their hopes and expectations will be the result of patienceand ttat the
endsecanbe better secured by adopting cotton bagging I heartily endoe
11 Henderson
r4Special Circular No 871
New Series
QUESTIONS FOR JULY CROP REPORT
Returnable July 1st 1890
Wheatyield compared to averageper cent
Wheataverage yield per acrebushels
Oatsyield compared to averageper cent
Oatsaverage yield per acrebushels
Clover ana Grassyield compared to avper cent
Compared to an average condition and prospect of
Cottonpercent
Cornpercent
Ricepercent
Tobaccoper cent
Sweet Potatoesper cent
Sugar Caneper cent
Melonspercent
Peachesper cent
Applespercent
Grapesper cent
SZEIIMZAIIES
Correspondents Name
Postoffice
CountyCircular No 129
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1890
Returned to the Department op Agriculture July 1 1890
State op Georgia Department op Agriculture
Atlanta Ga July 8 1890 j
GENERAL COMMENTS
CORN
The condition of this crop is generally good The general average for
the State is 94 15 From many sections of the State comes reports of dry
weather The unusual hot weather for the past three weeks coupled with
dry season causes apprehension for the safety of this crop
COTTON
The general average in the State for this crop is 93 35 Reported clean
generally but a few days late It is too soon to form an opinion or make
an estimate of this crop with any degree of accuracy While it has not
suffered as has corn to any appreciable extent should the weather con
tinue hot and dry for a few days the damage will be apparent
WHEAT AND OATS
These crops are almost a total failure In many sections no effort was
made to harvest them As against their loss however we are gratified to
report an increased and increasing interest in
CLOVER AND GRASS
Miese are reported at 96L The seasons have been good for properly
curing and housing these important crops
The reports from correspondents indicate general good feeling among
65
2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
farmers and all crops in good condition though suffering for rain The
following table shows the average condition by sections and for the State
4 3 a o 6 tf c I2 2 to Ml S d t t ft a a 3 o 2 a rs o a g fo ft V T O 2 go S o o a 3 a o oi o fcfi O 0 is oi 0 o3 ft a o as 5 a o c a t a S go be 03 o a a a o p ic 5 3 o H i oi O O O 2 c O 3 0 0 3 is en s ft a 0 T S3 bjcO p S 0 d 0 a 0 G fcc3 C a 0 m bC 2 On 0 5 OS 0 0 0 to w a as 0 TJ a 3 5 a O 0 bo
North Ga EastGa Southeast Ga Southwest Ga Middle Ga 26 54 50 38 4 5 3 56 64 41 66 54 9 10 5 8 9 92 100 100 93 100 91 88 91 98 94 96 93 95 93 90 88 or 100 92 80 53 96 SO 96 90 94 96 94 90 94 94 96 95 84 86 83 86 84 20 9 16 10 12 39 9 31 22 35 83 83 64 60 84
Av for State 42 311 561 8 96 9S 94 94 93 84 13 27i m
Col James Barrett Replies to Mr Wilson in Regard to
the Covering for Cotton
Augusta Ga July 7th 1890
Col J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
Dear Sir
I was never more astonished than when reading Mr Wilsons letter in
your June report of the crop at the untenable position that he takes in
regard to the covering of our cotton crop He assumes that cotton covered
with cotton enhances the value of cotton which I deny as it would onlv
require 90 000 bales to cover the entire crop and such a consumption can
not materially affect the price of cotton as the various cotton gins in the
country consume more than that amount of cotton without affectine the
price What will Mr Wilson do about the tare which entails a heavy
loss upon the farmers
I see but little choice between jute and pine straw or even cotton stalk
fibre as a covering for our cotton Either material is foreign to the cotton
grower
If cotton stalk fibre is foreign to the cotton grower I do not understand
the Enghsh language and the assertion is an absurdity as nothing the
former grows himself can be foreign I am forced to contend whenever a
farmer can utilize any offal that he produces it is wise economy for him to
use the same J
His reference to the revenue arising from the cotton stalk fibre to the
producer is rather curious as he states that we must consume the entire
crop before we can make money I do not know of any crop where the
whole is consumed as a large amount of cotton corn wheat etc are
not consumed yearly therefore we should not grow them as a money crop
What the farmers are fighting for is to whip the jute trust and it is not
a war upon any fibre but a war against trusts and we should use any
fibre that will defeat the bagging trust We have lost an immense amount
in the use of cotton bagging and it was wisely expended as we used the
means that was most available at the time to fight with but it would be
ridiculous for us to cut our noses off when we have a fibre grown in con
nection with our cotton that will cover the same cheaper and better than
66JULY CROP REPORT1890 3
cotton bagging besides the revenue arising from cotton stalk fibre would
go into our farmers pockets and a profit would be made from that which
has been wasted and burnt up
Mr Wilsons argument convinces me that cotton bagging is unfeasible
and is full of fruitless hopes and only attended with great loss to the
cotton rower We must have a practicable substitute for jute that can
equal ifin cheapness durability and protective qualities for cotton cover
ing Cotton stalk fibre fulfills such qualifications and it is the powder and
lead to kill the iute trust with for success in war means the judicious use
of the sinews of warmoney We cant continue to pay twelve to fourteen
cents per yard for cotton bagging and lose sixty cents per bale on cotton
for tare when we can utilize an offal of our cotton crop for seven to eight
cents per yard and no loss in tare Sentiment is a good thing to stir up
war with but it dont stand the long marches and starvation that money
does In all commercial fights money wins her way when sentiment is
lost in the cry of victory Mr Wilson is carried away by sentiment and
not by judgment and he ioses sight of the main question that our war is
against the jute trust and not jute fibre
We should fight nothing that is produced In the South and especially
when the product is from an offal Your friend James Barrett
Glanders
A malignant contagious and fatal disease peculiar to horses and mules
presenting itself in a variety of forms which come under the following
heads Acute Glanders and Chronic Glanders Acute Farcy and Chronic
Farcy While the symptoms of this disease are dissimilar at the beginning
thev always terminate the same As has been fully proven by inoculating
an animal with the virus taken from a glandered horse it will produce
farcy while the virus from a horse with farcy will produce glanders IMs
is essentially a blood disease The most common symptoms will be a
discharge from one or both nostrils it may be very light for some time
depending on the severity of the case Small swellings occur in the sub
maxillary space between the lower jaws These swellings are different
from the enlargement of common distemper as they seldom become large
and rarely ever suppurate They will be found as an enlargement of the
land but not attached to the bone as in the case of distemper strangles
As the disease becomes more pronounced there will be found ulcerated
patches on the mucous membrane lining the nasal chambers Some cases
first present themselves by lameness or stiffness of first one leg accom
panied by swelling then shifting to another then small knots about the
size of a chestnut will appear on the swollen legs they will usually sup
purate or run an oily kind of matter These in the chronic form may
soon be healed up but in the acute form they become more plen
tiful covering the body accompanied by the discharge from the nose
and the animal soon succumbs A great many other symptoms might be
given such as a falling off in flesh with a rough staring coat the animal
appearing to be dull and languid This may run on for several months
then follows a slight discharge from the nose These are the most common
svmptoms Horses that have been exposed to the contagion may not show
any symptoms for several months and after they show well defined symp
toms may livefrom one to three years and do pretty good service but the
danger of thusMealing with this fatal disease has often proved the destruc
tion many a noble animal that they may have come in contact with as
well as human beings There is no cure for the disease and the best thing
that can be done is to have them at once destroyed
674 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The foregoing is a hurried description of glanders as prepared by Dr J
N Cooke the veterinarian upon whose services I have heretofore called to
attend the many requests that have been made upon me It has been a
matter of grave doubt from the beginning as to whether any authority was
given the Commissioner by the law establishing the Department of Agri
culture The law is certainly only inferential and would not have been
entertained without specific authority by His Excellency the Governor
Calls of this character not being anticipated by me I have already ex
hausted a large sum of a small appropriation to comply with these pressing
demands for veterinary services The demand for this work has been con
fined almost entirely to counties lying south of Macon Oa It seems from
the best information that I can obtain that the disease originated from the
mules and Texas ponies which have been brought into the State and have
been widely spread throughout the lower tier of counties I see no chance
for want of money to longer continue the services of a veterinarian and
meet the other necessary expenses of the Department but I now furnish a
description of this fatal disease so that every man can diagnose cases that
may arise on his farm and if the disease is shown to be glanders that lie
may at once either commence the work of extermination or isolate the
animal from all other stock I would here call attention to those having
the management and care of glandered stock to the danger they themselves
are in The disease of glanders or farcy is infectious and may at any time
when there is an abrasion about the hands or arms of the hostler be com
municated to him It is quite as fatal to man as to equine stock
Commissioner
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
Prof George Ville
Q Will you make a comparison between the grain of wheat and that
of corn
A Certainly
WHEAT COKN
Gluten and albumen 14 6 119
Starch 597 615
Dextrine 7 2
Fatty matter 12 55
Cellulose j7 4j
Mineral salts lg 30
Water 140 140
1000 1000
Q What is the composition by analysis of ground shucks and stalks
A
SHUCKS STALKS
Fatty matter1 40 110
Mineral matter 2 88 1 80
Water s70 7 44
trch l850 60
Vre6010 7785
Nitrogenous matter4 00 3 80
Nitrogeneous matter soluble in water 232 115
Loss 80 056
Nitrogen0640 0590
68JULY CROP REPORT1890 5
According to this analysis the nutritive value of hay represented by 100
that of ground stalks is 192 and ground shucks 179
QHave you analyzed ashes from both shucks and stalks I
AYes
SHUCKS STALKS
Potash 1545 1628
X 2750 1740
f930 780
Mine jr i jo
Magnesiam n7ft
Sulphuric Acid Al
Phosphoric Acid1009 38
suSine ie 2429
Carbonic Acid and lossI572 2188
According to these values 33000 lbs of ground stalks and shucks mixed
together are equal to 17600 lbs of hay
QWhat weight of grain and stalks have you grown by use of complete
fertilizer in open field culturenot by small plats
AWeight of stalks 20932 lbs of grain 4693 lbs number of bushels
97
QCan you give returns from others growing corn with complete fer
1 AYes Mr Mero at Cannes 1500 lbs complete fertilizer 77 bushels
per acre Mr de Guaita at Nancy 1600 lbs complete fertilizer 85 bush
els per acre Mr Grandeau at Nancy 396 lbs complete fertilizer 55
bushels per acre
QAre chemical fertilizers as efficacious as barnyard manure toi sugar
cane
AYes more efficacious
QWhat is the dominant of sugar cane
APhosphate of lime as it is for corn
qWill you give a comparison of the effect of phosphate potash nitro
gen and lime
AYes and in open field culture
Complete fertilizer50360 pounds
Fertilizer without limeuuu
potash30800
phosphatelf200
nitrogen4J280
Soil without fertilizerA4U
q You show very clearly phosphate is the dominant of sugar cane Is
nitrogen always as inferior in effect
AYes sugar cane like the legumes draws its nitrogen mainly from
the atmosphere as the following tables will prove
Complete fertilizer 66 pounds nitrogen50000
without nitrogen tiou
The next season progressive amounts of nitrogen were used
Complete fertilizer with 24 pounds nitrogen73920
t u u 3Q u oaoU
i u u 52 72032
a u 78 u 78794
q Will you give the formula of your complete fertilizer for sugar cane
AYes
69 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
COMPLETE FERTILIZER PER ACRE
Superphosphate of Lime 528 pounds
Nitrate of Potash 176 pounds
Sulphate of Lime352 pounds
Total1056 pounds
QHave many sugar cane growers used this formula
AA great many sugar cane growers have used this formula and for 15
or 20 years especially at Gaudaloupe by M de Zabrun President of a com
mission of fertilizers and Mr Souques the director of a huge sugar plant
at Gaudaloupe that uses annually 220000000 pounds of sugar cane
QDo you fertilize the suckers in the same way
AYes or you lose a great part of the profit as you will see by the fol
lowing cultures on three different pieces of land
First year planted Second year Average per
Cane Suckers Year
72782 pounds 23870 pounds 48326 pounds
61600 pounds 27520 pounds 44260 pounds
72160 pounds 20240 pounds 46200 pounds
The suckers received 528 pounds of superphosphate the second year but
it might be more profitable to have given them the full amount of com
plete fertilizer No 5
QCan you give cultures of cane where the suckers need as much fertil
izer as the first planting of cane
AYes And it was profitable but I will compare the two systems
First culture of cane receiving fertilizer for two years
Cost 1056 pounds complete fertilizer No 5 20 00
Crop 88000 pounds cane for two years 200 00
2d Culture of cane receiving fertilizer each year
Cost 2012 lbs complete fertilizer No 5 40 00
Crop 132000 lbs cane in two years280 00
The suckers received same as canes planted
68 more by the second system or 34 per acre per annum The cost was
great but the excess of crop more than covered the expense
QIs the quality of juice better from use of chemical fertilizers than from
barnyard manure
ANo but the yield is much greater as I have already saidas is
proved by the cane growers at Gaudeloupe for fifteen years
I give the experience of Mr Zabrun and Mr Souques One table like
the following is the general experience
Per Acre
Chemical fertilizer 28 pounds nitrogen74604 pounds
Barnyard manure58 876
Soil without any fertilizer23386
QDoes cane without fertilizer produce a juice yielding as much sugar
as when grown with fertilizer
ANo Canes grown with chemical fertilizer contain 1780 per cent of
sugar and canes not fertilized 1152 per cent
Canes fertilized Sugar crystalizable1750
uncrystalizableolso
Total sugar1780
Canes not fertilized Sugar crvstalizable 10 13
uncrystalizableL39
Total sugarH53
70Special Circular No 79
New Series
1
QUESTIONS FOR AUGUST CROP REPORT 1890
TO BE RETURNED TO THE COMMISSIONER BY AUGUST 1 1890
What is the condition and prospects of
1 Cotton compared with an average percent
2 Corn compared with an average per cent
3 Rice compared with an average per cent
4 Sugar cane compared with an average per cent
5 Sweet potatoes compared with an average per cent
6 What are the profits of the melon crop compared with last year per cent
7 Give date of first appearance of cotton caterpillars
9 Period of excessive wet weather
From Julyto July
10 period of drouth
From Julyto July
Name
Post Office
County
Date of making this ReportCircular No 131
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOll THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1890
Returned to the Department of Agriculture August 1 1890
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga August 8 1890
GENERAL COMMENTS
A comparison with the Report of July 1st as contained in Circular No
130 shows that in North Georgia cotton has fallen off 2 points and corn 5
points These changes are due to an excessive drought over almost the
entire section from the middle of June to about the 23d of July Since
the 23d the rains have been excessive
In East Georgia the cotton and corn crops have increased their general
average 3 points In East Georgia the seasons have been good without
exception Southeast Georgia has also increased its general averageof
cotton 7 points and corn 2 points Here the seasons have also been good
In Southwest Georgia the corn crop is 4 points higher than was shown by
the Julv Report while the cotton crop shows a falling off of 5 points due
to excessive rains which have produced rust Four counties in Southwest
Georgia viz Brooks Dougherty Miller and Muscogee report the appear
ance of caterpillars
Middle Georgia shows a decrease in cotton of 4 points and in corn 9
points
The indications are that the cotton crop will show a considerable falling
off in the next report on account of excessive rains and rust
73
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Below we give the table showing the condition of crops on the first of
August The figures indicate the percentage of an average crop
North Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
Southwest Georgia
Middle Georgia
Average for State Aug 1st
98
94
95
86
94
93
Average July 1st 93
89
99
95
99
84
93
94
96
94
94
94
95
89
96
97
92
93
93 93
93
93
103
87
94
94
94
120
86
88
92
94
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
BULLETIN NO 8
POTATO EXPERIMENTS
GUSTAVE SPETH HORTICULTURIST
The importance of the potato crop in some parts of our State especially
near the larger cities or where shipping facilities exist have induced the
Station to undertake various experiments in the culture of the potato
The results of the experiments are published only as a matter of record
since the season was of such a character as to prevent normal growth
The spring season as also the preceding fall and winter has been vry
abnormal The rain fall during November and December 1889 was only
44 inches against an average of 829 inches the same months for five
years while the temperature was considerable higher than the average
Amount of rainfall past six months Average for five years
During January 1890213 5 78
February
March
April
May
June
207
252
135
670
183
513
684
571
254
315
Total for six months1660
2915
It will be seen by the above that there was 1255 inches less rain than
called for by the average
74AUGUST CROP REPORT1890
Comparative Statement of the Temperature for the last six months with the average
for the corresponding six months for past five years
CD o T B oS 9 B
s S 3 3 IS bo 0 Sk5
aa
f
3 o O pfl
x p t X g t CD
S a S 1 i Eh
60 G 449 527 431 96 9
675 4957 5853 483 1023 5
616 746 4148 53 5154 638 540 622 246 4 16 6
4
824 6135 7187 696 227 7
916 688 802 768 34 6
Total for six months 4383 31910 37864 3540 2710
7305 5318 631 590 451
The influence of climatic and meteorological conditions upon the growth
of vegetable life is a fact beyond dispute The production of a crop in
one year is often far greater or less according to the variations of the sea
son while preparation of the soil cultivation fertilization seed and all
those conditions within our control are the same the increase or decrease
of yield can only be due to meteorological conditions This is especially
true of the potato its growth must be quick and uninterrupted to be suc
cessful
These conditions for early vegetables have been very unfavorable the
heavy late frosts March 1st and 15th destroyed all early plantings the
dry cold winds later and the absence of rain belated the germination of
the seeds and the growth of the plants
To these unfavorable climatic conditions we attribute the small yield of
our potato crop etc while these experiments are far from being of great
interest to the careful experimenter especially the experiment in fertiliza
tion we withhold any conclusions
The experiments began this year may be classified as follows
1 Test of varieties
2 Test of fertilizers
3 Test of seed from different localities
4 Preparation and amount of seed
TEST OF VARIETIES
The object of the experiment is to find among the many new varieties
some more prolific and better adapted to our climate than the old standard
sorts which are few in number and which are claimed to become more
and more unreliable
But so many new varieties amongst them old ones under a new name
are every year put upon the market often without sufficient guaranty as
754 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
to their value that it is impossible for the average grower to test them all
This is the work of the Experimental Station and the benefits our farm
ers may derive from such experiments are incalculable
The land on which the trial was made is a heavy clay loam sloping to
wards the west and thoroughly underdrained was planted in corn the
previous year producing with an application of about 200 pounds of com
mercial fertilizer about fifteen bushels Previous history unknown
The soil was thoroughly broken and subsoiled to a depth of ten inches
well pulverized with the harrow the rows laid off three feet apart and four
inches deep The fertilizer consisted of and at the rate per acre of
360 pounds cotton seed meal
320 pounds acid phosphate
640 pounds kainit
1320 pounds per acre
Onehalf of which was applied by hand in the furrows before planting
and thoroughly mixed with the soil The other half after the potatoes
were planted and covered with about two inches of soil
For seed medium to large sized potatoes were cut to two eyes in pieces
of as nearly as possible the same weight
Of each variety 104 hills were planted one foot apart in a row onehalf
an acre long The stand was almost perfect and in no case more than
three or four hills missing After the plants were well established those
rows containing more than 100 hills were reduced to the same stand
The potatoes were all cut and planted the same day March 13 and 14
cultivation almost level whenever required They were harvested July
13 each variety assorted in the field and carefully weighed
Blight appeared in the beginning of June and at the time of digging
all the vines of some varieties were dead while of others some were still
green but all were more or less affected Wherever a variety was thus
affected the growth of the tubers was arrested which accounts for the
many small tubers and small yield of some varieties
Potato blight is beyond question one of the most serious diseases we have to
battle against Its ravages are so rapid that remedial measures seem to say
the least doubtful How to prevent the disease must be our study and it
is the object of the nation to inaugurate next year a series of experiments
in this line
76AUGUST CROP REPORT1890
TABLE IGiving Yield of Variety per Plot and per Acre
NAME OF VARIETY
Alpha
Arizona
Albino
Beauty of Hebron
Burpees Superior
Crown Jewel
Charles Downing
Clarks No 1
Delaware
Dictator
Empire State
Early Gem
E Maine
E Minnesota
E Oxford
E Puritan
E Ohio
E Rose
E Sunnie
Early Vermont
Garrleld
Golden Flesh
Lady Finger
New Queen
Morning Star
Ohio Jr
Pearl of Savoy
Polaris
Roses Beauty of Beauties
Rural New Yorker
Snow Queen
Thorburn
Triumph
Vanguard
Victory
White Elephant
YIELD PER PLOT
0
3
38
13
27
1TJ
24
23
141
15
19
25
28
31
15
19
10
26
18
17J
24
10
194
31
25
10J
27
31
16
13V
11
21
29
11
16
164
12
174
26 i

03
a
in
31
61
5
5
44
5
24
4
8
6
6i
m
64
6
8J
51
2
44
7
4
31
5
8
6
a
3
44
71
4
n
7
6
s
i
2
2
34
4
2
J3
o
17
33
25
29
2SJ
23
24
26
35i
33
37
20
27
184
344
27
28i
32
184
24f
341
31
18
31
341
21
221
18
254
334
164
231
25
19
27
32J
a
si
o oT
h
O W
31
414
80J
60i
70
69
574
58i
63
86
82

48 h
65j
44
83
65
69
77
44J
60
83
754
43 i
75i
83
52f
53 g
434
61
8l
374
564
604
474
66
78
much
careful
potato
The striking difference in the yield of varieties grown under as
the same conditions as possible is suggestive of the necessity of
selection upon this depends to a great extent the profit or loss of
culture
TEST OF FERTILIZERS
The only available ground for this experiment was a hard sandy clay
soil devoid of any vegetable matter The plots were divided by a row of
77DEPARTMENT OP AGKICULTUREQEORGIA
sBrt3itxingirlsi bM ft
TABLE IIFertilizer lest on Irish Potatoes
c
s
c
ft
FERTILIZERS APPLIED
FORMULAS
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1 Nothing
2 Stable Manure
r CottonSeed Meal
Acid Phosphate
I Muriate Potash
f CottonSeed Meal 360
Acid Phosphate
Kainit
f CottonSeed Meal
I Kainit
CottonSeed Meal
I MuriatePotash
Acid Phosphate
I CottonSeed Meal
f Acid Phosphate
Kainit
f Acid Phosphate
I Kainit
Acid Phosphate
Nothing
Nothing
Acid Phosphate
Kainit
Kainit
Muriate of Potash
Muriate of Potash
CottonSeed Meal
CottonSeed Meal
Acid Phosphat
Kainit
r CottonSeed Meal
Acid Phosphate 320
I Muriate Potash 320 j
Stable Manure g 000
Isothing
I 220AUGUST CROP REPORT1890
The above table illustrates the condition of the soil and the effect of fer
tilizers on poor soil the unfertilized plots producing the smallest yield
tubers small none larger than a hens egg
Potash in both forms gave the smallest increase
Stable manure and complete fertilizers indicate the best results larger
quantities of potash in either form combined with a complete fertilizer
did not increase the yield but seemed rather injurious in the case of kaimt
The same result is recorded when the potash salts have been used alone
The percentage of increase where acid phosphate alone was used is quite
marked but together with potash or cotton seed meal no gain is indicated
Cotton seed meal alone shows a gain of about 50 per cent
Where stable manure was applied the number of scabby potatoes was
the largest as well also as the yield of marketable potatoes
The results seem to warrant the conclusion that a fertilizer containing
all the food elements in the same proportion and in available form as a
good stable manure give the largest increase and that incomplete fertili
zers while they show a gain over the unfertilized plots are not remuner
ative
A quick growing crop like the potato which has only a short time in
which to mature cannot be grown successfully unless a bountiful supply
of all the elements of plant food is provided that is the greatest yield is
attained where the soil contains an excess of all the elements of plant food
in available form over and above the requirement of the plant
EFFECT OF PLANTING SEED OF VARIOUS SIZES
In the experiment of comparing the productiveness of tubers cut to one
or two eyes whole small potatoes and medium half tubers the weight of
each is given below as there is too much latitude in what one may call
small medium or large
Weight of seed
for 100 hills
Medium tubers cut in half lengthwise8J pounds
Small tubers 10J pounds
Two eye cuttings from large tubers weighing 28 pounds to 100
potatoes5 pounds
Oneeyecutting3J pounds
The trial of different methods of cutting and the planting of different
sizes of potatoes for seed has been the work of many stations and while
we do not expect any great different results than those of other experi
menters the climatic conditions and the short time in which this crop m
our latitude must mature may be of sufficient importance as to allow the
result The conclusions made by other experimenters might be thus ex
Dressed
The larger the quantity of seed planted the greater will be the yield
From the report of the Agricultural Department at Washington for
79
DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
1887 we quote the following remarks from an experiment made at Sandy
Springs Md J
We find that large potatoes planted whole yielded an increase of nearly
three times as great as small potatoes cut to one eye while there is a toler
ably uniform and regular decrease in the product in proportion as the size
of the seed is diminished and as it is cut into small pieces
We beg to reproduce the result of an experiment at the Maryland Exper
imental Station under the direction of W H Bishop
Beauty of Hebron
T Merchantable Total
Large whole potatoes 85 3
VV hole potatoes egg size 168 5g
One piece usual cutting 131 7so
One piece single eye 6 g5
with the following conclusion
It will be seen that the yield in proportion to the size of seed as also
the greater the number of eyes in the seed the larger the percentage of
small potatoes s
While much latitude must be left to the grower on account of cost of seed
condition of soil etc in determining the quantity of seed we would ad vise
in all cases to avoid extremes
The use of large seed pieces is a question of economy governed by the
price of seed and the value of the product large whole potatoes inducing
too large growth of vines while small oneeye cuttings often fail to secure
a good stand and often lack the vigor and power to withstand unfavorable
meteorological conditions
TABLE III
NAME OF VARIETY
Early Rose one eye cutting
Early Rose two eye cutting
Early Rose smallwhole
Early Rose medium cut lengthwise
Beauty of Hebron one eye
Beauty of Hebron two eyes
Beauty of Hebron small whole
a
15
171
30
m
16 i
31
Beauty of Hebron medium cut lengthwise 26
03
S
CO
7i
164
10
51
n
13
15
241
25
461
401
20
24
44
41
80AUGUST CROP REPORT1890
TABLE IKResults of Seed from Different Localities
NAME OF
VARIETY
SOURCE OF SEED
Albino
Albino
Beauty Hebron
Beauty Hebron
Beauty Hebron
Clarks No 1
Clarks No 1
Empire State
Empire State
Oxford
Oxford
Puritan
Puritan
Early Onio
Early Ohio
Early Ohio
Early Rose
Early Rose
Early Rose
Early Rose
Early Rose
Rural New Yorker
Rural New Yorker
New Queen
New Queen
Dunmore Seedling
YIELD PER 100 HILLSLBS
Maine
Ohio
New York
Boston
Ohio
New York
Southern Seed
Ohio
Maine
Ohio
Maine
Ohio
New York
Ohio 1
Maine
Ohio 2
Southern Seed No 1
Southern Seed No 2
Boston
New York
Ohio
Ohio
Boston
Ohio
Boston
Southern Seed
i a
o
a
o
17J
17
24
18
30
19
304
19
31
16
26
18
15
12
1J
23
30
284
264
24
264
20
29
16
27
54
a
5A
64
5
5
5
7
51
7i
GJ
8J
83
44
64
54
8
34
74
6
74
21
2J
74
4J
5
03
s
QQ

o
4
6
2
34
2f
4
44
3
24J
25
29
23
35
26
35
31
394
301
344
27
24
204
284
32i
38
37
34
32
36
28
331
264
311
59
The potatoes were planted on the same plot as the variety test cultiva
tion etc as nearly identical as possible
Medium sized tubers were selected of almost the same size and cut to
two eyes the weight of the seed of the varieties to be compared of as near
ly as possible the same and they were cut and planted the same day in
hills one foot apart and in rows onehalf an acre long giving 104 hills for
every variety
The seed was obtained from the most reliable sources the Southern
grown seed from Savannah growers fall crop planted from tubers of the
first crop which was raised from eastern seed
It is the custom of our large potato growers to plant their main crop in
spring from seed of the fall crop the seed for this crop is attained from
the first or spring planting of eastern seed thereby renewing their seed
every year
As stated above the stand was almost perpect Ohio seed vegetated first
8110 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Southern seed last The growth of the Ohio seed in the first stage was
remarkable but was soon distanced by Southern seed The later varieties
bloomed freely while most of the other varietiesexcept Rural New York
ershowed very few blooms all varieties were effected with blight some
more than others Southern seeds and Bural New Yorkers showing the
The results of the experiment direct decidedly in favor of southern grown
seed and as with somewhat favorable condition a paying second crop can
be produced very often larger than in spring we cannot strongly enough
urge our farmers to raise their own seed
The relative merits of eastern northern or western seed are not suffi
ciently defined to warrant satisfactory conclusions and require further
DRYING OF SEED BEFORE PLANTING
To determine the difference of production if any of seeds cut within
different times of planting medium sized tubers of the Early Rose varietv
were selected and cut to three eyes ten and five days before and on day
of plantmg soil and condition were the same as after previous experiment
When cut
Marketable Small Total
JO days before planting ofi a on
5 ii i rfu
Day of planting 26 4 3o
The results are slightly in favor of cutting the day of planting but the
season was dry while in a wet season the result might have been reversed
on account of the dried pieces being better able to resist the tendency to
rot before sprouting Further trials will be necessary before we can draw
any positive conclusions
82AUGUST CROP REPORT1890
11
THE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE WHICH OUGHT TO BE GEN
ERAL
PROF GEORGES VTLEB CONTINUED
Annual expenses of a farm of 250 acres
Farm 48 per acre 12000 at 5 per cent 600 00
Repairs in keeping up farm
Stock 32 per acre 8000 at 5 per cent 400 U
Available capital 8000 at 5 per cent
Rent of second class land at 10 per acre 2500 00
Bonusiofrent275 00
Taxes on farm and land
Farm hands 100 to 140 per annum 0 00
140 00
ablbiy 200 00
Shepherd
Farm servant and help 9 dQO no
20 horses at 12450 per annum
30 cows at 9124 per annum J
150 sheep at 584 per annum Jnn
Seeds average per acre 2 J
Cultivating 160 per acre w
Harvesting 240 per acre
Threshing 120 per acre
Artificial fertilizers
Manure of the farm
Insurance of buildings and crops ono no
Interest on available capital In oq
Cost of lease
TotalI1485320
Annual receipts of farm of 250 acres
85 acres wheat 25 bu per acre at 139 per bu 2953 75
1088 00
Straw
7 acres rye 26 bu at 60c per bu J
Straw
20 acres barley 58 bu per acre at 75c per bu aw w
126 00
Straw Mm
27 acres oat 70 bu per acre at 50c per bu
22aCTes beets
22 acres rape 25 bu per acre at 130 per bu ilow12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
fraW 81 OO
6 acres flax sold on foot 40 0Q
55 acres artificial meadow 1123 2ft
11 acres winter forage 292 00
5 acres Irish potatoes 280 00
Cows calves milk butter cheese 3 85 00
heepfy io76oo
Hogs fed on waste grain poultry 40 00
Manure of farm
Total of receipts15310 35
ExPenses14853 20
Profit 3 TTTT
S 457 15
You see that in one of the best cultivated departments in Francewhere
land rents high per acre and only stable manure is used the return for
wheat per acre is not over 25 bushels and beets 32000 pounds per acre
This explains the small profits
What must be done to change this condition of affairs and bring wheat
returns to 40 bushels and beets to 52800 pounds
Increase the amount of stock
Increase the acreage in forage
But to do this requires an increased outlay of 3200 per acre or 8000 00
Now with this increase of capital is it possible which I doubt to reach
the profits hoped for
Try to prove what it costs to increase cattleraising beyond a certain
limit and you will realize that the manure is produced at a ruinous price
nange the method by employing chemical fertilizers
The advance per acre will be 8200 but only from 200000 to Sri 000 00
for the whole body of 250 acres
The returns will rise to the figures aimed for the first year and this time
the increased crop will be a real benefit equal to the amount of advance
by the increased amount of manure
You cannot deny that the new methods are more certain more rapid
more economical and more profitable than the old methods
If the results from 400 to 500 crops I have in my various lectures cited as
proofs of the new method do not convince you think well of the inferior
crops grown for many years on the farm of 250 acres just shown you
Mr Antler who with marked distinction directs the farm of Saint
Denis near Lechesne in the Ardennes 490 acres writes me
My farm has the following rotation
Beetswith 44400 pounds of stable manure
Wheat
Clover
Oats
Annual hays
84AUGUST CROP REPORT1890
13
11 Rapewith 28000 pounds stable manure
u Wheat
From these 72000 pounds of stable manure used for a period of 7
years I grew
21 to 26 bushels of wheat per acre
39 to 47 bushels of oats per acre
19 to 21 bushels of rape per acre
With an additional outlay of 800 per acre for chemical fertilizers my
crop rose this year to
40 bushels per acre of wheat on 150 acres
11 57 bushels per acre of oats on 57 acres
32 bushels per acre of rape on 27 acres
The lands adjoining my farm are rich and worth doublemine m value
but no chemical fertilizer is used on them The result is that my lands
bring 30 per cent more than theirs do

85General Remarks
Under this head correspondents may submit such inquiries as are of a
practical nature in regard to agriculture etc If of sufficient general interest
both inquiry and answer will appear in the next Crop Report also any sug
gestions they think calculated to benefit the agricultural interestsSpecial Circular No 91 1
New Series
Questions for Crop Report October 1890
To be Returned to the Department by the First Day of October
From present indications what will be the total yield in your County
compared with an average total yield of the following crops
h Cottonper cent
2 Damage by rust or other causes per Ilt
3 Corn per cent
4 Sugar Caneper cent
5 Rieeper cent
6 Sweet Potatoespercent
Tobaccopercent
8 Prospect for Pork compared with last yearper cent
Your Name
P O
County
overCircular No 132
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1890
Returned to the Department of Agriculture October 1 1890
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga October 8 1890
GENERAL REMARKS
Since the last crop report was issued from this Department August 8th
1890 disasters to all field crops have occurred These disasters began with
drouth in North Georgia followed by excessive rains In other sections
of the State the rains were excessive in July and August causing rust to
appear in every section especially damaging in the large cotton producing
section To estimate the amount of decrease in two months we give
below comparative tables which with the notes from correspondents
which follow will give a comprehensive idea of the extent of the injury
and the causes which led to it
Cotton Corn Bugar ml cane Rice Sweet Potates Prspect for pork Tobacco
SECTION M 3 s s Auglst Oct 1st Auglst DQ O C u 3 5 O M 3 O to o c
98 94 95 86 94 93 82 81 80 74 80 79 89 99 95 99 84 93 86 94 93 96 81 90 9b 89 96 117 92 93 93 97 89 99 9 1 96 89 94 7 93 97 9b 193
93 103 87 94 94 94 95 96 91 97 96
98 95 96
94 99 9
95 88 96
Geueral average for State 964 95
COTTON
It will be observed that the average for cotton has declined in North
Georgia 16 points in East Georgia 18 points in Southeast Georgia 15
points in Southwest Georgia 12 points in Middle Georgia 14 points and
for the State 13 35 points
CORN
is off in the State 3 points2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
SUGAR CANE
has an increase of about 2 points
RICE
is off 6 points
SWEET POTATOES
a slight increase
The excessive rains for more than two weeks past have done fearful
damage to cotton corn and peas To cotton in causing it to sprout in the
bur being beaten out and by the cracked bolls rotting We do not
over estimate the damage to cotton when we place it at least at 25 per
cent
To corn the damage is fully as great while to peas it is even greater
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEOROHA
BanksThe freshet has damaged all bottom corn 50 per cent ten per
cent of upland corn is on the ground rotting peas are damaged no oats
sown owing to so much rainW 1 B BartowOwing to the inefficiency
and scarcity of labor I am thoroughly convinced that agriculture to be suc
cessful must be diversified and conducted on the intensive plan and the
cotton crop displaced to a large extent by grass and stockA F W
ChattoogaIt has been cloudy for near two weeks and much rain has
fallen and the prospects are that the wet weather spell is yet unbroken
Cotton is rotting in the fields late fodder not pulled and the outlook is
gloomy indeedW F T Dade The cotton seed sent out last spring is
too late for this locality under the same cultivation as the common
variety The weed is five feet high and no bolls open while the
common variety is two and abalf feet high and full of open bolls All
other seeds sent out from your office did well Your red clover seed
was nothing but the same red clover that I have sown for years
The Italian rye grass cant stand dry weather but requires low lauds
for its successful growth Some hog cholera in this section The best
remedy for it is Jerusalem oak or warm seed and the common wild
senna or indigo weed Give hogs warm seed all they will eat then at the
expiration of twelve hours give them a large feed of senna Try it
G A R B DadeWe can not make more than half the wheat we did
in 187071 but corn and oats yield about the same we raise very little
cottonG J S DawsonIt has been raining with wind from the east
for the last nine days and cotton picking has been greatly retarded and
the cotton and pea crops much damaged The farmers are very gloomy
but are not much in debt The Alliance has been a success in this section
of the StateJ C S FloydA short corn crop will of course make
90OCTOBER CROP REPORT1890
short porkF C FranklinWe have had ten days rain all the low
lands have been overflowed corn and cotton badly damaged but cannot
tell what the damages will be yetJ K S Gordon Corn on up lands
was never poorer cotton late and an early frost would cut off 25 per cent
rust damaged considerably and recent rains have damaged open cotton
O H D Rauldingls there anything in the moon in planting seed or
grain If so at what stages Sow your wheat on an elevated close
clay land as possible prepare the land well fertilize and sow as early as
practicable sow one bushel or more of salt to the acre in early spring to
prevent fliesP P McB PolkMost of the cotton will be low grade
owing to the fact that there was so much open in the field during the
heavy rain storm labor is scarce and it is a hard matter to get it picked
R T P Rabun The lucerne or alfalfa sent me sown April 1st did
not get more than onefourth stand it is the first and all that I have seen
in the county cannot give an opinion as to the final result will try it next
year and report progress The McCullough early oats and red clover sown
on same day a sorry stand of oats got about same amount of seed back
ripened early with no rust while other varieties in the neighborhood was
badly injured got a good ketch of clover and is doing quite well Vicks
early watermelon seed sent me did pretty well They were of good size and
flavor and I think they will do well here when they become climatized
as melons invariably do better after the first year when brought from a
southern lattitude F A B WalkerDont think of anything now
that would be of interestC D P WhiteWould like to know some
mans experience in sheep raising Will it pay to pasture them when they
have plenty of shade grass water and high ground to lie in in the heat of
day Father grandfather and most all the old men say that sheep will
not do well in pastures I cannot see why and want to know the reason
F L D Whitfield Wet weather for over a week and great damage is
being done to cotton and other cropsW C R Terracing is the plan for
saving hill lands I have been trying it for five years finding it far
superior to ditches which I tried for fifteen years Ditches have to have
fall enough to clean themselves and in that goes the cream of your land
and is forever lost When the terrace is used it checks the flow of the
water at the terrace and that which you lost by ditch you save by terrace
making a rich bed for several rows of cornJ F G
EAST GEORGIA
Laurensln counties in which the nofence law is not in operation
would not the passage of a law prohibiting male cattle and male swine over
one year old running at large except by paying a special tax of ten dollars
for each male hog per year and twenty dollars for each male cow beast be
very beneficial Would like to hear from you and othersT J B
MontgomeryOwing to the continued rains the gathering of crops has
been greatly retarded Cotton and field peas are being damaged and will
if the rain continues many days longer amount to serious loss to the
91DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
farmers of this sectionG M F Mc Cottonpicking goes on very slow
as it rains more or less every day till it is sprouting in the bollT F W
Screven In the application of 1000 pounds per acre of any guano would
it not be better to apply a larger per cent of it broadcast and plow under
W C JB TatnalLThe continued rains are ruining the sea island cot
ton the only kind planted here All other crops are goodJ H Telfair
The rainy season still continues Cotton is in a very bad conditiontoo
wet to gather and is sprouting in the bolls no sunshine for several days
Corn is badly blown down and is sprouting and rotting and no chance for
housing as it is so wet that teams and wagons will mire in the fields in
many placesW F W WilkinsonCotton has had a terrible time for
the last four days More rain has fallen than has fell all the year bridges
washed away cotton beaten outJ A M
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
CoffeeCotton promised a fair yield until August 15th when the dry
and hot weather set in and caused it to shed off its leaves and stop growing
It is now opening prematurely and the grade is not as good as it was last
year or even as was expectedJ B EffinghamCotton wasting in
fields impossible to hire hands to pick labor worthlessF R T Glynn
I have a colt afflicted with blind teeth and lampers at the same time
Would like to know a remedy for bothJ R D WareWould it not
pay to circulate sorghum seed also tobacco seed We have asoil that
seems to suit both Flax does welltwo crops a year The buckwheat
you sent me is a marvel for increase nothing better Turnip and rutabaga
seed sent came up good and now looking fine Much obliged forall past
favorsJ M S
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BrooksHog crop fine corn good pinders good cotton ruined by rain
and boll wormsJ W H To place an estimate on the cotton is diffi
cult No full crops and many men will make less than half crop a few as
low as a third Wet weather and boll worms are the cause of the failure
Never saw anything like it before Both farmer and merchant despon
dent R I D Calhoun Cotton was badly damaged by too much rain
the latter part of July With a late fall some places will make a top crop
Hogs are reported by some to be in fine condition and more than usual
will be ready for porkF P G EarlyRain 872 inches for September
The low prices of cotton and present misty and gloomy weather are de
pressing to the farmers and nothing but politics keep them alive
D M W IrwinCotton is cut short by rust and the continued wet
weather Corn sugar cane sweet potatoes are as fine as ever were pro
duced in this section Stock of all kinds in good conditionJ P Lee
The month of August was very dry and hot also the first half of Septem
ber On the 14th we had a very good rain but subsequent hot days
soon left us dry again with no more rain except an occasional light
Shower until the 24th then we had a very good rain Some portions
nOCTOBER CROP REPORT1890 5
of the county have had too much rain interfering seriously with
cotton picking R P J ColguittThe great object of every farmer
should be to improve the soil which he cultivates by keeping it well sup
plied with vegetable matter How can that best be doneF J W
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Baldivin Will it answer as well to put green cotton seed and acid in
ground in February and bed on it for corn and cotton as to compost it and
then bed on itJ D M CampbellCotton is damaged by worm and
too much rain the seed has sprouted in the boll farmers are behind in
picking hands cant be had Stock in flue condition Farmers are hope
ful The Alliance is having a good effectJ S D The unprecedented
wet weather for the last two months has been very injurious to cotton
causing it to rust Boll worms are more destructive than usual The fine
warm sunshiny days have caused it to open at least two weeks earlier than
common The crop will be shortJ J B CarrollWhen and how
should red clover be planted on red stiff land I N R ClaytonThe
rains on the 24th of September did considerable damage to cotton in the
fleid A P A ColumbiaCottonpicking slow been raining for five
weeks S C L For twelve or fourteen days we have had excessive rams
This coupled with the ravages of the rust has greatly damaged all matur
ing crops especially cotton corn and peas The full damage can hardly
beestimated since the clouds are still threateningA E C Coweta
From experiments which variety of cotton by name has proven the best
allpurpose cotton for Middle Georgia Has it ever been demonstrated
what is the actual average cost to produce a pound of seed cotton m Mid
dle Georgia Also the average cost to produce a bushel of corn W b b
mbert We are at this date having heavy rains and some wind from the
northeast There is a great deal of open cotton in the fields and the prob
ability is that much of it will be blown out of the bolls and greatly dam
aged if not entirely lost Most of the cotton is now open and no fall or
late crop of bolls on the stalks Farmers are holding their cotton as much
as possible for higher pricesJ D B FayetteV to the 23d of Septem
ber the seasons were all that could have been desired both for opening
and gathering the cotton crop Since then we have had an excess of rainy
cloudy weather which is interfering with the picking and has already
damaged the crop to a considerable extent Never in the history of our
country has there been so much cotton opened and unpicked m the fields
There is a universal demand for pickers some are paying 55 cents and
board for picking The crop is fully half openedJ G P Hancock
The cotton crop is badly injured by continued rain and freshets m the
creeks I think onefourth of the crop is out and sproutedthat is all
that was open October lstJ W C HenryThe damage to cotton can
not be told at present This is the eighth day of storm and rain The sun
has shone but very little in that time Cotton has blown out and
sprouted on the ground that in the bolls has commenced sprouting
9o6 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
If this weather lasts long it will all be lost Cotton has opened very fast
and could not be picked out as it opened The green bolls are rotting It
is very cloudy and damp and things look gloomyJ M Mel McDuffie
Only six clear days this month and rain on fourteen days with no sun to
dry off the cotton It is rotting badly in the field as well as in the burr and
boll The seed is sprouting in the burr Will lose in quantity and quality
Corn and speckled or unknown peas are rotting badly Cant estimate
the damage until we see the end as it is raining now September 28th
and over seven inches of water has fallen already this monthA E s
MeriwetherThere is very little rust in cotton but a rainy spell in the
summer just after a few weeks drouthR M McC Monroe Agriculture
would advance fifty per cent if the Legislature would pass some stringent
vagrant law and enable the farmer to control the labor As it is now his
chances are just as good at the faro table A man farming with the pres
ent control of labor will live only about twothirds of his allotted time
K C T NewtonSow rye in October on all thin or washed land if clay
Turn under in the spring and plant speckled peasT A W Oconee
The continued rain and cloudy weather has damaged the cotton fully ten
per cent in this county in the last ten daysF D H OglethorpeHve
just had equinoctial gale heavy rain corn and cotton damagedC A S
Ninety per cent of the cotton crop is now open and the bad weather is dam
aging it very much The grade will be low We cannot get it picked out
but a great effort is being made to pick it and the crop will all soon be out
and on the marketJ M There is now open in the fields fifty per cent
of the cotton crop which is destroyed and damaged to the amount of fully
twenty per cent by the past and still raging storm and rain There is
now no present indications of clear weatherJno T H Taliaferro
Farmers have not been able to pick cotton over fifteen days out of the last
thirty Water is now over the bottom corn The amount of the damage
cannot yet be estimated Never saw as much cotton in the field at this
date or in worse condition Fully eighty per cent of cotton picked to date
has been damaged by rainD N 8 WaltonThe crop of cotton is ten
to fifteen days earlier than ever known Twothirds opened onethird
gathered and the continuous rains of late have stopped all progress at
gathering Today is cloudy and rainy All are anxious to see the clouds
lift up and let us be moving The crop will be much shorter than we antic
ipatedJ E N The cotton crop is greatly damaged by excessive rains
and winds for two weeks past It is much blown out and beaten into the
ground and is sprouting in the hull Corn and peas also badly damaged
J M G WarrenRain rain and mistyno sunshine for a week and
the end not yet Cotton and peas rotting badly The fowls are dying with
sorehead What is the remedy D W R Use sulphur and ashes freely
on your turnips cabbage and collards and you will destroy the bugs and
wormsJ A 8 WUhesOur cotton outlook has fallen from 110 August
15th to 85 to 90 October 1st due to cool northeast winds through August
and to rust and rain later F W B
94OCTOBER CHOP REPORT1890
THE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE WHICH OUGHT TO BE
GENERAL
BY PROF GEORGE VILLE
The present condition of agriculture demands a free use of chemical
fertilizers and the system of farming which produces the most profit from
the use of them
In other words intensive cultivation by permanent importation ot
chemical fertilizersthe keep of only such stock as is profitable and the
breaking away from the pretended necessity of producing barnyard
manure no matter at what cost
The doctrine of chemical fertilizers is opposed to the old formula
meadow stock cereals and gives instead the new methodcereals well
fertilizedmeadow well fertilizedstock With the old method stock is
a necessity and the keystone of the system with the new system stock is
of no greater value than the other products of the farmis raised only for
the profits they bring by their saleor only such a number kept as are
needed for work and to eat part of the crops not profitable to sell
Fertilize the soil with chemical fertilizers for they are in the end the
most economical you know what you are using and can give each plant
the food best suited to its nature
Is not this clear enough
The old method kept thf meadow to compensate for losses made by
the sale of crops cereals being particularly exhausting We on the
contrary require tbat part of the elements of restitution be given by the
free use of chemical fertilizers
The contrast is complete
I beg you notice this is no question of science or of theory but of
practice
Cultivation without sufficient fertilizing material is a veritable scourge
The least increase with the use of barnyard requires an outlay of 240 to
3 20 per acre and 150 to 200 of this sum is invested in implements
An advance of 150 per acre in the use of chemical fertilizers is sufficient
for intensive culture and the outlay is returned by the profits the first
year
In cultivating with barnyard manure you are held down by the relative
position of stock and crop Except for the necessary outlay in preparing
the soil or spreading the fertilizer on the meadow you can with the use of
chemical fertilizers fatten cattle or raise stock as suits your market
You have entire libertyfreeing your capital lapidlyby giving the
soil more phosphoric acid potash lime and nitrogen than the crops took
from it
What cares vegetation how the elements of fertility originated so they
are given in a soluble and available form
95DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

What matters then if the restitution is made in the form of barnyard
manure or of chemical fertilizer if practical experience has proved to you
that equally rich chemical fertilizers are superior to barnyard manure
provided you are very careful to give the soil more than it has lost
The price of beef is high and is rising instead of falling Many believe
that with one head of beef to two acres thirtynine to fortyfive bushels of
wheat can be grown per acre Under these conditions the industry of
agriculture would be at its apogee
Without contradicting this opinion I will show you that there is no
drawback to bringing your soil rapidly to such returns per acre
Associate chemical fertilizer with barnyard manurefollowing the rules
I have frequently given youand your dreams will become accomplished
facts
Give the dominant of each plant in the form of chemical fertilizer with
barnyard manure and you will obtain two effects
All the crops will reach the highest limit The meadow may be reduced
by onehalf or at least onethird to the profit of the crops for sale
Under these new conditions two rules sum up the whole art of agricul
ture
1st Rigorously obey the law of full restitution and fertilize the meadow
2nd Regulate the composition of the auxiliary fertilizer on the principle
of the dominant
If it is true that chemical fertilizers are equal to barnyard manure in
effectyou know they are superiorif they are equal in priceyou know
they are lessthe use of these fertilizers used as they should be must
transform our agriculture
The celebrated Prof Leconteax says There is very slow increase of
crops on lands bringing six to thirteen bushels of wheat per acre if barn
yard manure alone is used Farmers have worked many years with the
sweat of their brow and found to their cost that cultivating with barnyard
manure alone is a very slow business
The doctrine of chemical fertilizers leads the way to cereals and indus
trial plantsmeadowstock instead of meadow stock and cereals as was
formerly taught by the leaders of agriculturethis path leads to a revolu
tion in agriculturethe greatest that has ever been started and we must
hold firmly to it The famous farms of Bechelbrown and Grignon are
proofs of the slow progress to be made by the exclusive use of barnyard
manure
The Chamber of Commerce at Cambray had the happy thought of pre
paring for general information the balance sheet of a farm of 250 acres
convinced that this was the only way of giving a correct idea of the agri
culture of the country 8
fSe result 8hwed the annual outlay of a farm of this size was
1536400 receipts 1491600 profits 44800
The question under discussion is too grave a one to be answered bv a
bare statement The details must be given
CONTINUED
96Report
commissioner of Jigrioiiltiiro
STATE OF GEORGIA
EMBRACING THE YEARS 1889 1890
J T HENDERSON Commissioner
ATLANTA GA
Geo W Harrison State Printer
Press of Jas P Harrison Co
1890
121Cieculae No 134
New Seeies

REPORT
To His Excellency John B Gordon Governor
SirIt is made my duty under the organic act establish
ing this Department to submit to you a report of my steward
ship for the past two years ending September 30th 1890
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES
It is gratifying to report the almost unvarying good health
with which all have been blest during the two years last past
Comparatively few changes have been made either among the
officers or the inspectorial corps during the time to which allu
sion has been made The most notable change that has occurred
was that of Col R J Redding who left the Department on the
1 st of September 1889 to take the Directorship of the Georgia
Experiment Station at Griffin Ga to which he had been called
a few months previous by a unanimous vote of the Directors
Col Redding having been connected with the Department of Ag
riculture ilmost from the date of its organization down to his
promotion to the Directorship of the Experiment Station ren
dered him familiar with every detail of the law by which it was
governed His scientific attainments were of a high order and
his capabilities otherwise rendered him eminently useful I con
gratulate the Station and the State upon procuring the services
of a man during the infancy of the Station who possesses so
many superior combinations
Dr N A Pratt faithfully served the Department for more
than a year in the capacity of Mineralogist but he resigned his
position on the first day of July 1889 On the same day of his
resignation Professor John M McCandless wasjtwteilgdand still
123
holds the office of Mineralogist In consequence of the dis
covery of phosphates in the State of Florida causing as it did a
corresponding activity throughout the lower tier of counties in
Georgia the office of Mineralogist has been of large importance
to the States named Notwithstanding Professor McCandless
lays no special claim to superiority in the line of mineralogy yet
from results I am sure he underrates his own efficiency in that
direction I regard him as an expert in that branch of science
Samples brought him led to the discovering of phosphate beds
in Southern Georgia
In the months of February and March Inspector S R Mur
phy having a somewhat protracted case of sickness while en
gaged in his vocation at Savannah Ga and the pressure of busi
ness being very heavy during those months it became necessary
to supersede him for the time being with another man This I
accordingly did by the appointment of Captain Pearce Home of
Dalton who had been previously appointed an Inspector of Oils
on January ist 1890
The promotion ot Col Redding to the Directorship of the Ex
periment Station necessitated the filling of his vacancy which
was accordingly done on the 1st of October 1889 by the ap
pointment of Col J O Waddell to the Chief Clerkship of the
Department which position was generally denominated within the
office that of Assistant Commissioner I am gratified to say his
urbane manners as well as the large fund of useful knowledge
which he possessed have already won for him a high degree of
popularity and the promise of increasing usefulness I can point
to no higher evidence of these facts than his recent promotion to
the presidency of that old and honored institution the Georgia
State Agricultural Society
Capt A F Wooley having resigned the Inspectorship of Fer
tilizers on the first day of October 1889 a position which he
had acceptably filled for two previous years was instantly con
tinued in the oil position at Rome the place whereat he resided
at that time
On the same day Capt Wooleys vacancy of Fertilizer In
spector at Savannah was supplied by the appointment of Capt
1245
F D Wimberly of Twiggs county Georgia who for the last
preceding twelve months has discharged the arduous duties
at that post
The Department then stands officered at present as follows
viz
J T Henderson Commissioner
T O WaddellAssistant Commissioner
W 8 DeWolfCommissioners Clerk
J m McCandless Mineralogist
W B Henderson Fertilizer Clerk
H C WhiteChemist
F D WimberlyInspector at Savannah
Randolph RidgelyInspector at Augusta
M D IrwinInspector at Toccoa
W B Tones Inspector at Atlanta
J L Anderson Inspector at Atlanta
S R Murphy Inspector at Atlanta
H H Cary Superintendent of Fisheries
Lb CliftonEntomologist
FERTILIZERSINSPECTORS
Since my last report to your Excellency there has been no
change in the manner of inspecting fertilizers and but one
change in the law concerning the business of fertilizers The
extra session of the last Legislature reduced the inspection fee
from 50c to ioc per ton It will be remembered that in my
report made two years ago on pages 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 I ad
vised a reduction in this fee That it was greatly in excess of
the cost of inspection That if the fee was not reduced the
surplus derived from this source should be exclusively devoted
to the use and benefit of our farmers who were unequally and
unjustly taxed This position was combatted on the ground
First That it would take a large sum from the general school
fund Second That the price of fertilizers would not be re
duced by reason of a reduction of the fee and third That the
manufacturer paid the fee and as this was the only tax paid by
foreign manufacturers to the State the inspection fee should
remain Whatever of difference of opinion may be entertained
on this subject one fact is undeniable The work under the
new fee rate moves smoothly along the people are satisfied and
the price of fertilizers has been reduced
125For ease and convenience of reference I beg to incorporate
the following tabulated information in relation to the details of
the inspection and analysis as taken from the records of my
office
total number of tons of commercial fertilizers inspected during the
seasonsof 188889 and 188990 fractioes omitted
Inspectors and Stations
Season o
188889
Tons
1 of
6365839
A F Woolley Savannahv
F D Wimberly SavannahI
Randolph Ridgely Augusta 5434950
S R Murphy Hamilton 3256633
J L Anderson Atlanta 1956550
W B Jones Atlanta 20 42188
M Irwin Toccoa 1230776
Pearce Home Atlanta February and March
771514
632424
135844
407281
438963
400334
94763
20286936 2881123
NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS MADE DURING EACr THE SEASONS OF INNS 89 ND 1889
90 AND THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF EACH INSPECTION
Season of 188889 Season of 188990
Inspectors No of Inspections Average aint of each Tons No of Inspections Average amt of each Tons
F D Wimberly 829 608 106 183 385 337 85
R Ridgely S R Murphy J L Anderson A F Woolley M D Irwin 702 242 103 206 684 287 77 L34 189 1111 93 42 104 128 114 118 111
Pearce Home

1 2224 91 2983 96
126COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS
The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last
sixteen seasons
There were inspected during the season of 18745 tsoi nS
There were inspected during the season of 18756 oodlb tons
There were inspected during the season of 1876 1iit I I
There were inspected during the season of 18778 W ius
There were inspected during the season of 18789 85049 tons
There were inspected during the season of 187980 119583 ll
There were inspected luring the season of 18801 152404 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18812 Uo4J7 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18823 tAJc nl
There were inspected during the season ot 18834 jvniv
There were inspected during the season ot 18845 lLd tons
There were inspected during the season of 8856 00o tons
There were inspected during the season of 886 166078 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18878 08007 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18889 202869 tons
There were inspected during the season ot 188990 J8u tons
Total for sixteen years2228 579 tons
Average per season
COMPARATIVE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR THIRTEEN
SEASONS
SEASON
18778
18789
187980
18801
18812
18823
18834
18845
18856
18867
18878
18889
188990
Expenses Deduetd
irom Fees Re
ceived
3 t v
d
5i 5
t ci o
O a
x o P ft
w
o
h
a
5
P
Salaries 01
Chemist and In
spectors drawn
from
the Treasury

A
93478
85049
119583
L52464
125426
L25377
151850
170154
160705
166078
208007
202869
288112
4673911
42524
59791
75986
62713
62688
75915
85072
80352
83039
104004
101434
29932
1608
2053
2582
3289
2882
2843
3781
4110
3910
3515
4254
4358
0350
436 65
434 50
459 41
600 14
778 10
881 60
1110 35
1836 52
1720 84
2102 16
45131
40472
57210
72260
59397
60027
71534
80184
75560
78307
97913
95355
21480
3000
3000
2900
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3250
3000
3000
16600
0204
4871
5200
6146
6816
6400
7000
7200
7200
9393
9000
8059
35531
31268
49438
64060
50251
50811
02134
70184
65361
68107
S5270
83355
10421
Total 2049152 910189 45535 10366 271 855430 39150 90089 726191
13 Months
127REPORTS OF THE STATE CHEMIST
The Final Reports of Prof H C White giving a general statement of the
amount and character of the analytical work done for the two years are consol
idated as follows
FERTILIZER ANALYSIS
18889 188990
Regular samples420 467
Special samples for farmers 66 69
Duplicates 2
Total fertilizer analysis486 538
These were divided as follows
Complete fertilizers Guanos330 357
Acid phosphates with ammonia 7 2
Acid phosphate with potashS 50 38
Acid phosphate simple 73 90
Chemicals etc 96 5
MISCELLANEOUS ANALYSIS
Artesian and mineral waters 12 15
Minerals ores etc 8 25
Other Materials 3 7
INSPECTION OF OILS
From a period long anterior to my connection with the Agri
cultural Department I was rendered familiar through the news
papers of the State with the frequent losses of life resulting from
the low grades of illuminating oils authorized then by law mak
ing the fire test only no One of my earliest efforts in the line of
reform after coming into office was in calling the attention of the
General Assembly to the defect in the old law and to seek by a
bill of a more explicit character to place that important com
modity upon a higher plane than it had hitherto occupied The
law previous to the act of 1881 was defective in very many
particulars prominent among which was the fire test of 110
instead of 120 as it now stands and the additional failure to
make the Inspectors amenable to any other authority whatever
There was no requirement for them to report the amount of gal
lons inspected so that the authorities and the people through them
could be advised of the Commercial status of that growing
industry This law of 1881 defective as it is was many steps
in advance of anything that had hitherto existed and I feel more
than compensated for the efforts I made in that direction In
128mv report of 1887 and 18881 used the following language
which will be equally as appropriate now and to which I invite
yTheaTema0rkable decrease in the last few years in the number
of accidents attributable to the use of low grade illuminating oils
must be credited largely to the legislation of x x winch resulted
in the establishment of the present system of Oil Inspection and
the elevation of the standard from no degrees fire test
to 120 degrees It is comparatively rare to hear or read of an
accident of this sort simply because the standard has been raised
and the inspection law is more rigidly enforced than ever be ore
The act of 1881 provides that The said Inspectors oil
shall be appointed by the Commissioner of Agriculture one for
each county in the State in which in his judgment the quantity
of such oils sold render the presence of an Ir
Provided that in those counties in which Inspector of
are appointed they shall be ex officio Inspectors of Oils and no
other Inspectors of Oils shall be appointed in said counties
Under the Fertilizer Inspection Law the Commissioner is au
thorized to appoint not exceeding six Inspectors of Fertilizers
These six Inspectors of Fertilizers had been uniformly located
one at each of the principal cities in the StateAtlanta Savan
nah Augusta Macon Brunswick and Columbus Under the
Oil Inspection law they became at once ex officio Inspectors of
oils in the counties including these cities The course of the oil
trade has concentrated the business of selling oils in these larger
cities The result has been that the Inspectors of Fertilizers in
the capacity of ex officio Inspectors of Oils have inspected by far
the greater part of the oils sold in the State and received a cor
responding share of the inspection fees Having no authority to
reduce the fees for inspecting oils or power to change the course
of trade my only resource was to practically separate the two
officers by discontinuing the appointment of Inspectors of Fertili
zers in the counties including the cities just named The ettect
of this change has been practically to divert the business of in
specting oils and the fees arising therefrom from the Inspectors
0f Fertilizers in the larger cities already named to the originally
appointed Oil Inspectors10
The following statement shows the number of gallons of oil
inspected by each of the Inspectors of Oils in the State the
amount of fees received by each and the totals for the State for
each of the years ending respectively September 30 1889 and
September 30 1890
REPORT OF OILS INSPECTED
CURING THE YEARS ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1889 AND SEP
TEMBER 30 1S9O
INSPECTION DISTRICT
Atlanta
Savannah
Augusta
Macon
Columbus
Koine
Athens
Dalton
Brunswick
season t888 4 1889 season 1889 1890
Gallons
780059
526242
275000
304000
287250
100 ISO
103400
62950
Fax
4031 50
2671 04
1389 70
1520 00
1457 7
ooi u
772 50
629 50
Gallons
948600
619163
378678
282164
205444
155952
93602
34984
88409
Ft 1 8
4071 00
3130 83
1022 12
1410 82
1505 83
1284 32
765 84
349 84
ss4 09
Total
24000S1 13733 4
28969961 16224 69
The following shows the total number of gallons of oil in
spected and fees received for each year since the present law
went into operation The law went into effect on January i 1882
Tota Gallons Oil
v 1 Inspected
me months ending Sept 30 1882 1 cm
30 18831 wKOfto
Year ending Sept
30 1884
30 1885
30 isso
30 1887
30 1888
170211
1707020
2103317
2327678
2608296
l88 2499081
S0 1890Jg
Total for 8 years and 9 months18699973
Total Fees
Rect tied
6549 22
10710 02
1 1040 77
10570 27
12500 35
13707 24
I 1883 38
13733 41
16224 69
Si 10040 39
DISTRIBUTION OF SEED
By reference to the numerous reports which I have had the
honor to submit to your Excellency and your predecessors from
year to year it will be seen that the matter of distribution of seeds
of various kinds have received a fair share of my attention In
the beginning of my administration I paid almost exclusive at
13011
tention to field varieties only To the dominant staple corn
and cotton I gave the most particular attention Around
these I have managed to weave in many that though less im
portant were in the highest degree necessary to make up a
diversified agriculture In addition to the various field varieties
I soon found a clamor existed for a better variety of garden
seeds than were then in use For several seasons I gratified this
demand by a liberal distribution of the best varieties of seed
that could be procured in the best northern markets Expres
sions of the warmest approval at the introduction of the choice
varieties have come up from the good housewives all over the
State But feeling that I was departing too far from my origi
nal plans of farm improvements I again determined to go back to
it though in a modified wav Having long been of the opinion
that sooner or later Georgia would become a measurably stock
raising State I thought it well to to make a beginning on that
line So in addition to the staples already alluded to I made
the largest distributions this year of grass ever before at
tempted in this State I say the largest because of the area that
was intended to be reached and not because of the dollars and
cents that were expended in the purchase My appropriation
was too limited to furnish each county more than enough of the
grasses and legumes for a test of adaptability in small plats in
each county of the State Small plats were considered preferable
to large areas for the reason that the average Georgia farmer
having been trained in youth almost exclusively to cultivate
staple crops only would necessarily acquire proficiency slowly
in this new field of enterprise It is hoped that general inter
est was felt over the State in the preparation and cultivation of
these grasses and legumes for it is high time the farmers of
Georgia were supplying their home markets with beef and pork
that can be obtained now only from Chicago and other north
western markets Inspired therefore with the hope of a better
ment of the agricultural interest of the whole State I was led
to this distribution of the grasses and legumes In my report for
188891 stated my only regret in connection with the work of
distributing seeds is the want of more funds for their purchase
13112
and distribution on a more extensive scale The distribution
this season was made under a greater shortage of money than
that of perhaps any former one having to apply about twelve
hundred dollars of my small appropriation to the purchase of di
gests for the collection of agricultural and manufacturing statis
tics required under what is known as the Calvin Act of 1889
GLANDERS
A disease known as Equinine Glanders has prevailed and I
have reasons to believe is now prevailing quite extensively
throughout the State In consequence of it there has been much
anxiety among farmers and livery men Very many inquiries
for relief have been made by citizens of the State through the
Commissioner of Agriculture It will be remembered that your
Excellency sent a special message to the legislature at its last
session asking that some action betaken by that honorable body
looking to the enactment of a law to prevent the spread of con
tagious diseases among horses cattle and other domestic animals
of the State I regret to say that the special message above
alluded to for some cause unknown to me received no attention
at their hands Notwithstanding the frequency of their urgent
requests I was by this nonaction left to the meager authority
now upon the statute books covered by the nth section of the
law which established the Department of Agriculture and which
is as follows
Said Commissioner may report in the manner as hereinbe
fore set forth upon any matter or subject that he may deem of
interest to the agriculture of this State
With my hands thus tied but deeply impressed with the
necessity of some immediate action I again sought relief through
your Excellency who was also similarly impressed with the
necessity for immediate action The shortness of the contingent
fund then on hand prevented any relief in that direction and
the annual appropriation to the Department of Agriculture be
ing additionally taxed for the printing of Agricultural and Man
ufacturing Digests required by what is known as the Calvin Act
placed me in quite a dilemma as to funds to meet the expenses
13213
of a veterinarian A diagnosis of the diseases incidental to live
stock by a competent surgeon was indispensible under these cir
cumstances Accordingly 1 employed Dr J N Cook a regu
lar graduate in Veterinary Surgery resident in Atlanta and I sent
him throughout the State with instructions to report thereon
Before doing so however I took the precaution in the absence
of any well defined law to get the written authority of your
Excellency instructing me in the premises This you cheer
fully did believing no doubt you were subserving the best inter
ests of the agriculturists of the State
Dr T N Cook the veterinarian in some of his early investi
gationsfound in some cases though it was well defined glanders
That owners thereof were unwilling to destroy the animalstill
no doubt entertaining the hope of its recovery Seeing that a
mere diagnosis of a fatally contagious disease and an unwilling
ness on the part of the owner to cremate or bury the same the
veterinarian was advised in all such cases to exact a promise of
termination before his opinion of the fatality of the disease
was given After that I was informed by him of the faith u
fulfilment of promises made I am satisfied that this fearful
contagion still exists but I am also satisfied that the summary
treatment above recommended has greatly lessened its preva
lence As far as the veterinarian could ascertain this disease was
introduced by Texas ponies which of late years have poured
into the State in great numbers through the various railroad
gTthinyk it well that the General Assembly at an early session
should enact some law by which to protect our people from the
importations of these fatally infected animals Hitherto com
plaints of glanders in Georgia have been almost entirely un
known Now all sections are loud in their lamentations
In the absence of a better suggestion a system of quarantine
might be resorted to that would be largely protective m its char
acter In any event I would suggest the passage of a law
to provide for veterinary services clothing him with power to
order the destruction of all animals afflicted with incurably con
tagious maladies At the same time I think it would be the
b 13314
part of wise legislation to provide for the reimbursement
either in whole or in part for the owners of such property
Herewith I have the honor to append the report of the vet
erinarian which I trust will receive due consideration at the hands
of the General Assembly
GENERAL REMARKS
The last of the several terms of my official life as Commissioner
of Agriculture is rapidly drawing to a close It has been longer
than an average and not wholly uneventful I went into office
under the administration of Governor now Senator Colquitt in
the month of September 1879 Previous to and at that time
there was no systemized method of analysis in the United States
each laboratory having a method of its own I had the honor of
calling a convention of chemists which assembled in Washington
D C in July 1880 which after a session of two days succeeded
m establishing what was long known as the Washington method
About four years subsequently a similar convention composed
of the leading chemists of the Union were convened by the same
authority n convention at Atlanta By this time it having met
with popular favor everywhere where there was a laboratory at
tention being called to its importance it was then permanently
adopted as a Guild in the American Association for the advance
ment of science There it has remained ever since and as the
Mecca to which our State Chemist in common with all other sci
entists makes an annual pilgrimage Early in 1881J saw that our
laws giving the sale and fire test of illuminating oils were defec
tive to an extent that cried loudly to the General Assembly for a
material modification A bill was accordingly prepared and
was introduced and passed by the Hon W L Peek to take
effect in January 1882
The year 1883 was memorable in that the Hon Thos Cren
shaw of Troup introduced a resolution calling for an investigation
of the Agricultural Department This investigation continued dur
ing the fall session and ended without scarcely a taint of wrong
doing on the part of its head or any of the employees Durint
this time several unsuccessful recommendations were made to the
13415
Assembly for a reduction of the fees on fertilizers In 1886 hav
ing a deep conviction that the agricultural interest of Georgia
of the South was languishing after a consultation with his Ex
cellency the Governor and a preliminary consultation with lead
ing farmers of the State I called what is known as the Interstate
Convention of Farmers of the Cotton States Much was said
done and written thereon and thereabout and resulted in the
permanent establishment of this Interstate Convention of Cotton
States Innumerable efforts were attempted by me during these
years to arouse the people to activity For a long time despair
seemed pictured upon every thoughtful face About the time
of the assembling of this first Interstate Convention in Atlanta I
heard the first alliance gun fire in the direction of Texas An
other and another in quick succession burst upon the stillness
helmetted knights with spears in hands came from the western
frontier of the State and in the name of reform swept all before
them like a mighty avalanche Every one now living in Georgia
is familiar with what followed and is now transpiring In ib88
at the fall session of the General Assembly another studied effort
was made to overthrow the Department of Agriculture but as
in the days ofinvestigation that also proved abortive and affairs
once more moved placidly forward until in the fall of 1889 a bill
to make the office of commissioner elective prevailed in the General
Assembly The effect of the change whether salutary or hurt
ful remains to be seen
What is known as the Calvin Act intended to obtain correct
agricultural and mechanical statisticsmatters of the highest
interests in advertising to the world the wonderful products and
resources of our Statecontains a few omissions which have
rendered the Act inoperative and valueless First there is no
penalty attached for a failure or refusal to return such items as
are contemplated by the Act and second no provision is made
to compensate the Tax Receivers for the extra labor performed
As a result the returns are entirely unsatisfactory and useless
During all these years a more devoted industrious and efficient
set of employees were not to be found within the limits of the
13516
State I take this occasion to return them my sincere thanks for
their uniform courtesy to the head of the department and for
their assiduity in discharging both their public and private obliga
tions I have long had a full complement of crop reporters and
with the fewest exceptions they have promptly and satisfactorily
discharged every duty intrusted to them I cannot too strongly
express my thanks for the uniform respect and courtesy I have
received at the hands of your Excellency The willing assistance
which you have furnished me in a thousand instances both merits
and receives my sincere thanks and whether in the ranks of
private life or upon the higher plane to which you seem born to
attain you can always bank upon my devotion and I believe upon
every attache of this department
Again thanking employees reportorial corps fertilizer in
spectors and your Excellency I now bid you adieu
J T Henderson
Commissioner of Agriculture
REPORT OF VETERINARY SURGEON
To the Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture
State of Georgia
Honorable and Dear SirI would respectfully submit to
you the following report for the past year as a review of the
work done by your obedient servant under your direction for
the State of Georgia
I have visited eleven counties from Baker county south to
Chattooga county north to investigate a disease known as glan
ders and some of the counties I have visited twice first going
to Pike county where quite a large number have died with glan
ders I visited Greenesboro Greene county as the disease was
supposed to be prevalent there but on a careful examination I
could nnd no symptom of glanders but found that which was
supposed to be glanders was only a mild form of influenza In
ort Games Clay county I found a well defined case In Del
Kay Upson county I found two very malignant cases of glan
ders Others were reported from the same county In Forsyth
Monroe county I found two cases of acute glanders In Knox
ville Crawford county I found two cases of chronic glanders
others were reported In Summerville Chattooga county I found
fone acute case of glanders In Dewesville Baker county
ound five cases of glanders many others were reported from
13617
this county In Humber and Moores Station Stewart county I
found four cases of acute glanders many others were reported
from this county In Richland Stewart county on the farm of
Mr Kenneday I found five cases in the acute form I visited
Corinth Heard county but found the cause of alarm only to be
an obstinate case of catarrh I visited Oglethorpe Macon
county and found one case of acute glanders Many others
were reported to have died with similar symptoms A number
of communications have been sent in from other places that have
not been visited describing the symptoms of glanders and farcy
very clearly but owing to the lack of legislation on this very
important matter the work could not be satisfactorily done To
the careful intelligent owner of stock there will be enough in
this very brief review to make him stop and think especially
the farmer whose whole crop depends so much upon the life of
his mule or horse We have endeavored wherever we
have found it to use every means to stamp it out but
the record of the past year shows a great increase From Chat
tooga countv in the north to Baker county in the south the seeds
of this fatal disease have been sown and under the existing laws
there can be no hope of successfully stamping it out I would
most respectfully suggest that the next Legislature look into this
matter and take hold of it as other States have done and en
act a law that will at once protect the live stock interests of this
State Respectfully yours
J N Cook Veterinary Surgeon
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FISH
ERIES
State of Georgia j
Department of Agriculture r
Office of Superintendent of Fisheries
LaGrange Ga October 20 1890
Hon J T HendersonCommisioner of Agriculture
I herewith submit my 6th Biennial Report covering the time
since my last report dated October 16th 1888 The same re
gret is now as then expressed that the very limited appropria
tion at the disposal of the department has limited and embar
rassed this important work
Still it is believed that the best possible use of these limited
13718
means has steadily advanced the work of the Fish Commission
and that fish culture now is no longer regarded as an experi
ment but a safe means of cheapening and increasing the food
supply The work of the last few years has demonstrated these
facts
ShadThe success attending the artificial propagation of
shad during the last decade has been simply remarkable Ten
years ago no shad were found in any river in this State except
those emptying into the Atlantic ocean but by the artificial meth
ods resorted to they are now found in all the rivers emptying
into the Gulf of Mexico as well as those emptying into the At
lantic It has been mentioned in former reports that shad were
not found in rivers emptying into the Gulf until artificially
planted
During the last two years by the aid of the United States
Fish Commission we have been able to plant many millions of
shad fry in the rivers of Georgia and there is now no difficulty
in getting abundance of milters and spawner for the purpose of
artificial propagation And as the artificial propagation of shad
is no longer an experiment the Legislature is respectfully asked
to make an appropriation sufficient to establish a hatchery on a
large scale at some point in the State We should annually
plant fifty million of shad fry in the waters of Georgia and at an
expense of onefourth of one cent to each inhabitant this can
be done and it needs no argument to show that it would be the
best possible investment to cheapen the food supply to the peo
ple of Georgia
The methods and appliances for such hatchings have wonder
fully improved and cheapened in the last few years so that shad
may now be hatched at an expense of probably not over seven
cents per thousand I have taken occasion in former reports to
call to your attention this fact that the geographical distribution
of our rivers is admirably adapted to the propagation of anadro
mous migratory fishes and particularly the shad which is
wellknown to be peculiarly adapted to our waters I beg leave
here to reproduce a paragraph from one of said reports
Beginning at the Savannah river which fortunately is under
the exclusive control of Georgia extending westward across
the State we meet in turn the Ogeechee the Oconee and the
Ocmulgee the last two uniting and forming the Altamaha a few
miles from the Atlantic Ocean and all these emptying into the
same next the Flint and Chattahoochee uniting near the extreme
limit of the State and forming the Apalachicola which empties
into the Gulf of Mexico The Chattahoochee from West Point
13819
down as far as Alabama is concerned forms the western boun
dary of Georgia and like the Savannah is exclusively under
the control of this State Near West Point this river ceases to
be the boundary of this State but having its headquarters in the
extreme northeast part of the State among the mountains of that
region where it can almost shake hands with the headwaters of
the Savannah it passes diagonally across the State nearly par
allel with the Air Line and Atlanta and West Point railroads be
ing but a few miles from Gainesville and Newnan and six or
seven miles from Atlanta The Etowah and Oostanaula with
their confluence at the city of Rome by their numerous ramifi
cations liberally supply Northwest Georgia At Rome they
form the Coosa which empties into the Alabama which flows
finally into the Gulf of Mexico These rivers being so uni
formly distributed over the State and our system of railroads
generally crossing them would make the distribution of fish from
the rivers very easy To illustrate a line drawn from Augusta
by Macon to Columbus would pass through sixteen counties
every one with a single exception touching a railroad
The rivers here alluded to as well as nearly every one in the
State have more or less obstructions to the passage of anadromous
fishes to their spawning grounds These obstructions consist in
the main of dams constructed for milling or manufacturing pur
poses Fortunately science has pointed out a way to keep pas
sages open without injury to the property invested in such mills
or manufactories This is done by the construction of fishways
over or through such dams or obstructions From very careful
observation extending nearly the entire length of the Atlantic
coast and I may add so much of our coast as rests on the Gulf
of Mexico I am satisfied that the shad is the only anadromous
fish with perhaps one or two exceptions that would be profita
ble for us to attempt to propagate
There are seven or eight other streams suitable for shad prop
agation rising in the southern and southeastern parts of the
State some emptying into the Gulf others into the Atlantic
Ocean and as will be seen from the following statements nearly
if not all have received plantings of shad
I am much gratified to be able to state that since my last re
port that the catch of shad has very largely increased in nearly
all the rivers of the State I will state that shad have been caught
in the Withlacoochee river near Quitman one of the rivers ris
ing in lower Georgia and passing through Florida emptying
into the Gulf of Mexico Some of them were identified as the
true Atlantic shad During the two years since my last report
13920
the United City Fish Commission has furnished us with 12848
000 shad fry and which have been planted at times and places
as designated below
STATEMENT OF THE PLANTS OF SHAD FRY IN THE PUBLIC
WATERS IN GEORGIA BY THE U S FISH COMMISSION DURING
THE SEASONS OF 18891890
Date
April
May
28 1889
10
14
90
14
18
Stream
Savannah River
Chattahoochee River
Ocmulgee River
Place of Deposit
Augusta
Bolton
Macon
Oeklocknee RiverlOcklocknee
Aneilla River
Allapaha River
Savannah River
Savannah River
Ocmulgee River
Ocmulgee River
Flint River
Chattahoochee River
Ogeechee River
Big White Water Creek
Hurricane Creek
Withlacoochee River
Oeklocknee River
Quitman
Allapaha
Augusta
Augusta
Macon
Macon
Reynolds
West Point
Midville
Butler
Blackshear
Quitman
Thomasville
Number
000000
900000
390000
400000
300000
400000
000000
000000
500000
00000
900000
300000
000000
000000
388000
055000
650000
Total112848000
RECAPITULATIONARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER
Allapaha River
Aucilla River
Big White Water Creek
Chattahoochee River
Flint River
Hurricane Creek
400000
300000
1000000
1200000
901000
388 000
Ogeechee River
Oeklocknee River
Ocmulgee River
Savannah River
Withlacoochee River
1000000
1050000
2955000
3000000
655000
Total12848000
It is recommended that the legislature make an appropriation
sufficient to establish a large shad hatchery at some point in the
State The only requisite in locality is a sufficiency of water of
the requisite purity as it is now known that shad eggs can be
transported long distances from the place of the capture of the
milters and spaunlers with entire safety to the hatchery
In view of our magnificent system of rivers and the great fa
cilities now at the control of fishculturists a proposition of Euclid
is not more easily demonstrated than the fact that the State of
Georgia would derive enormous benefits from the use of the ap
propriation mentioned
14021
German CarpThis fish has come to Georgia to stay The
trial of over a decade has been quite satisfactory It is esti
mated that over five thousand ponds have been stocked in
Georgia This has been largely through the aid of the United
States Fish Commission as well as the planting of many thous
ands of fry in the open waters of the State These are increasing
rapidly and helping to increase the food supply Numerous ap
plications are on file in my office for young carp for stocking fish
ponds and as complete drainage is indispensable for the success
ful culture of this fish in ponds I will take this occasion to again
call attention to a drainage apparatus devised by myself and now
used in mv ponds as well as in many others in this and other
States The great importance of the subject induces me to in
troduce the cut and description as heretofore published
The wood cut represents this simple aparatus that is recom
mended a is a wooden box running crosswise through the dam
from the lowest point in the kettle so that it will insure the com
plete emptying of the pond made of heart pine plank being
twelve inches wide and two thick securely nailed together The
upright part b is of the same material and size and joins it at
right angles and of sufficient length to extend some distance
above the water line This is made secure to the horizontal
portion and it will be a great advantage to give the whole a
dressing of coal tar The side of the upright next to the end is
left open and narrow strips are nailed to the uprights on the in
side to constitute grooves for the gate pieces c c c c d is a
strainer of wire secured in a frame of the same size as the gate
14122
pieces c When it is desired to empty the pond remove the
highest gatepiece c and substitute the strainer d When the
water line is lowered to the next gatepiece remove it and sub
stitute the strainer for it as in the first instance and so on until
the water is drawn down nearly to the collector then the mud
can be removed from the collector the fish dispersing while this
is being done The water can then be drawn off until the fish
are drawn into the collector or kettle when they can be readily
removed with the dip net when the last gatepiece can be taken
out and the kettle completely emptied The only defect is in
making the gates tight If the water supply is abundant this is
of no consequence as the leakage would not allow the small fish
to pass out and still might constitute a part of the overflow
But if the water supply is limited this might lower the pond at
a time wher you could not afford to lose any water For
tunately this defect can be easily remedied Prepare a plank of
the size of the opening of the box a let it be graen lumber so
that it will not swell to prevent its being withdrawn pass this
down along the side of the upright b so it will include the open
ing in a then b can be filled with sawdust for a foot or two and
a little dirt if necessary which will entirely stop the leakage
It is hoped that the United States Fish Commission will furnish
the State with sufficient young fry to supply all applicants
Oyster CultureIn former reports attention has frequently
been called to the subject It is a matter of congratulation that
the last legislature took up this subject and passed an oyster
law This with some amendments which will be found neces
sary will be of great benefit to the State
California SalmonThe attempt to stock some of the
rivers of this State has resulted in failure The reports from
other Fish Commissioners show the same to be true of all the
South Atlantic States
Brook TroutA few of the most Northern counties may
have water of sufficiently low temperature to propagate this fish
but a careful survey is needed to ascertain if the streams contain
the requisite food supply
I beg leave to state that I have been under great obligations
to the very efficient Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries of the
United States Col Marshall McDonald and to the railroads of
this and some of the adjoining States for their favors to the Fish
Commission of Georgia and to the press for many courtesies
Thanking you for courtesies extended in connection with
official duties by yourself and the gentlemen in your office I am
Very respectfully H H Cary
Superintendent
14223
LIST OF FISH COMMISSIONERS AND OFFICERS UNITED STATES
A XD CANADA
REVISED AND CORRECTED AS TAKEN PROM THE FOREST AND STREAM UP TO TAN
I KY 23 1890 WITIE THE ANNUAL APPROPRIATIONS MADE IN EACH STATE AND
THE TIME OF ESTABLISHING THE COMMISSION
No information from those marked by an
United States
Office Sixth and B streets S W Washington D C
Col Marshall MacDonald Commissioner
I W Collins in charge Division of Fisheries
Richard Rathbun in charge Division of Scientific Inquiry
T II Bean Ichthyologist and Editor
J J OConnor Chief Clerk
John Gay Inspector of Stations
George H II Moore Chief of Distribution
Alabama
Col I It Hundley Madispn
Hon Charles S G Doster Prattville
Commissioners first appointed 1881
Arizona
T W Otis Chairman Prescott
John Howard Prescott
C W Stearns Phenix
250Commissioner first appointed April 1881
Arkansas
H H Rottaken President Little Rock
J W Galloway Little hock
W B Worthen Secretary Little Rock
Commissioners first appointed January 25 1876
California
Joseph Routier President Sacramento
J Downey Harvey San Francisco
5000 Commissioners first appointed April 25 1870
Colorado
Gordon Land Denver
3250Commissioner first appointed February
1S87
Connecticut
Dr Win M Hudson Chairman Hartford
lames A Bill Lymc
Robert I Chalker Saybrook
Tin1 Shellfish Commissioners are Dr Wm M Hudson James A
Bill until August 261890 George Waldo Bridgeport Brvant
A Treat Wallingford from August 26 1890
14324
Delaware
Charles H Shubert Odessa
Dr E G Shortlidge Assistant and Superintendent of Hatcheries
Wilmington
rEOKGIA
Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta
Dr H II Cary Superintendent of Fisheries LaGrange
Under the laws of the State these constitute the Board of Fish Com
missioners
500By Legislative Act 1876 February 29
Illinois
N K Fairbank President Chicago
S P Bartlett Secretary Quincy
Maj George Breuning Centraha
2500Commissioners first appointed May 20 1875
Indiana
Col W T Dennis Richmond
1000Commissioner first appointed September 1881
1 iiw
E D Carlton Spirit Lake
Ole Bjorenson Superintendent
S3700Commissioner first appointed March 30 1874
Kansas
John M Brumbraugh Concordia
1000Commissioner first appointed March 10 1877
Kentucky
Phis State is said to have now no Commissioner
Maine
Commissioners of Fish and Game
E M Stillwell Bangor
Henry O Stanley Dixfield j
l W Counce Thomaston Commissioner of Sea and Shore Fisheries
5000Conimmissioners first appointed January 118G7
3 Maryland
G W Delawder Oakland
Dr E W Humphries Salisbury
10000Commissioners first appointed April 1874
Massachusetts
E A Brackett Winchester
E 11 Lathrop Springfield
5000 Commissioners first appointed May 1865
Michigan
Dr 1 C Parker Grand Rapids
1 loyt Post Detroit
Herschel Whitaker President Detroit
W D Marks Superintendent Paris
George I Mussey Secretary Detroit
Win O Butler Jr Detroit
7500Commissioners first appointed April 25 1873
14425
Minnesota
Wm Bird Fairmount
Niles Carpenter Eushford
Robert Ormsby Sweeney President St Paul
S S Watkins Superintendent Willow Brook St Paul
Missouri
H M Garlicbs ChairmanSt Joseph
J L Smith Jefferson City
H C West St Louis
A P Campbell Secretary St Joseph
Superintendents Philip Kopplin Jr St Louis Ehas Cottrell St
Joseph
Nebraska
Wm L May Fremont
McBride Lincoln
B E Kennedy Omaha
M E OBrien SuperintendentSouth Bend
Nevada
Geo T Mills Carson City
1000Commissioners first appointed August 30 1866
New Hampshire
George W Riddle Manchester
Elliot B Hodge Plymouth
John B Kimball Marlborough
1000Commissioners first appointed August 30 1866
New ersey
J R Elkinton Pennsgrove
William AVright Newark
F M Ward Newton
1000Commissioners first appointed March 29 1870
New York
E G Blackford President New York
Gen R U Sherman New Hartford
Wm H Bowman Rochester
Henry Burden Troy
A S Joline Tottenville
E G Blackford Shellfish Commissioner
Superintendents Fred Mather Cold Spring Harbor Monroe A
Green Caledonia James A Marks Adirondack
15000Commissioners first appointed April 22 1868
North Carolina
No commission
Ohio
Hon C V Osborn President Dayton
John Hofer Bellaire
A C Williams Secretary Chagrin Falls
John H Lair Cincinnati
E D Potter Toledo
L K Buntain Chief Warden Dayton
5000Commissioners first appointed May 3 1873
Oregon
F C Reed President Clackamas
E P Thompson Portland
R C Campbell Ranier
14526
Pennsylvania
Henry C Ford President 524 Walnut street Philadephia
James V Long 75 Fifth avenue Pittsburg
H C Demuth Secretary Lancaster
S B Stillwell Scranton
L Streuber Erie
W L Powell Harrisburg
Superintendents John P Graveling Allentown William Butler
Corry
7500Commissioners first appointed April 16 1866
Rhode Island
J M K Southwick Newport
Wm P Morton Johnson
Henry T Root Providence
7500Commissioners first appointed in 1868
South Carolina
Hon A P Butler Columbia
Supt of Fisheries first appointed December 23 1878
Tennessee
W W McDowell Memphis
H H Sneed Chattanooga
Edward D Hicks Nashville
Commissioners first appointed January 10 1877
Utah
A Milton Musser Salt Lake City
Vermont
F H Atherton Waterbury
Hon Herbert Brainerd St Alhans
1000Commissioners first appointed in 1865
Virginia
Dr J Wilkins Bridgetown
2500Commissioners first appointed April 1874
Washington Territory
Albert T Stream North Cove Pacific county
Commissioner first appointed November 9 1877
West Virginia
C S White President Romney
F J Baxter Treasurer Sutton
James H Milner Secretary Hinton
500Commissioners first appointed January 1 1877
Wisconsin
The Governor exofficio
Philo Dunning President Madison
C L Valentine Secretary and Treasurer Janesville
Mark Douglas Melrose
A V H Carpenter Milwaukee
Calvert Spensley Mineral Point
E S Miner Sturgeon Bay
James Nevin Superintendent Madison
7000Commissioners first appointed March 20 1874
14627
Wyoming Territory
Louis Miller Laramie
750Commissioners first appointed in 1S79
Dominion of Canada
Hon John Tilton Deputy Minister of Fisheries Ottawa
Samuel Wilmot Superintendent of Fish Culture Ottawa
Inspectors of Fisheries J R Kinney Yarmouth NS K V
Hockin Pictou N B A C Bertram North Sydney N J H
Pratt St Andrews N B E 0 Chapman Moncton N B D
Morrow Oromocto N B E HackettTignish P E I W Wake
ham Gwpe Basin P QThos MowaL NewWestminister B C
Alex McQueen Winnipeg Manitoba F C Gilchnst Fort Qu Ap
OffiS cUgeof Fish Breeding Establishments ChaBJVflmot
Newcastle Ont Wm Parker Sandwich Ont L N Cattellier
Tadoussac Quebec H Davis pro tern Gaspe Quebec A a
Moore Magog Quebec Alex Mowat Restigouche Qbef
Wilmot Bedford N 8 C A Farquharson Sydney N S Isaac
Sheasgreen Miramichi N B Chas McClusky Grand Falls
B Thos Mowat New Westminister B C
Dakota Florida Idaho Louisiana Mississippi and New Mexico have no
fish commissioners
147THIRD SERIES
Circular No 1 J
Rules and Regulations
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS
Inspection of Fertilizers
IN GEORGIA
Prescribed by R T NESBITT Commissioner of Agriculture
FOR THE SEASON OF 189091
ATLANTA GEORGIA
GEO W HARRISON State Printer
Franklin Publishing House
1890 rRULES AND REGULATIONS
SEASON OF189091
3d Series
Circular No 1
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta November 20th 1890
The Commissioner prescribes the following Rules and Regulations for the
Inspection of Fertilizers hereby abrogating all previous Rules and Regu
lations
I Fertilizers or chemicals for manufacturing the same or for composting
and cotton seed meal intended for sale or distribution within the State of
Georgia shall have the manufacturers guaranteed analysis placed upon or
securely attached to each package by the manufacturer If the fertilizer is in
bags it shall be distinctly branded stamped or printed upon each sack If
in barrels it may be either branded stamped or printed upon the head
of each barrel or distinctly printed upon good paper and securely pasted
upon the head of each barrel or upon a shipping or other tag and securely
attached to the head of each barrel In every case it must be distinct
This manufacturers guaranteed analysis shall show the following determina
tions viz
Moisture at 212 percent
Insoluble Phosphorice Acid Per cent
Available Phosphoric AcidPer cent
Ammonia actual and potentialper cent
Potash K40percent
If nitrogen in the form of nitrate is claimed the fact must be stated in the
Request for Inspection
II To facilitate the tiansaction of business any manufacturer dealer agent or
other person who procures the inspection of a fertilizer after it is inspected and
has the inspectors tag attached in compliance with law may proceed to make
sales thereof before the official analysis is completed Prodded he gives a
written obligation to cancel all sales in case the fertilizer is condemned by the
Commissioner of Agriculture This obligation is embraced in the Request for
The Commissioner has uniformly held that it the guaranteed analysis shall include such of
these five Ingredient as the fertilizer or chemical is claimed to contain it will be a substantial
compliance wiih the law and the Rules and Regulations Some judicial decisions seem to
indicate that this paragraph must be literally complied withthat the full list of ingredients
must appear in the Guaranteed Analysis even if one or more of them is not contained in the
goods As a matter of prudence it would be well for manufacturers to comply literally with
the law in this respect The Commissioner will not change his ruling on this point until
constrained to do so by express judicial opinion or legislative enactment
3DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Inspection which must also set forth guaranteed analysis according to the
form therein prescribed and addressed to the proper inspector The Request
for Inspection must be made out and signed in duplicate and one copy sent
to the Commissioner of Agriculture by the person requesting the inspection
III Inspectors shall not furnish any tag or device to be attached to any fer
tilizer or permit it to be offered for sale or distribution unless the manufac
turers guaranteed analysis is plainly placed upon each parcel or package
before offering the same for sale or distribution claiming in the case of any
Ammoniated Superphosphate that it contains at least eight per cent of Avail
able Phosphoric Acid and two per cent of Ammonia and of any Acid Phos
phate or Dissolved Bone that it contains at least ten per cent of Available
Phosphoric Acid Neither shall any such tag or device be furnished or ap
plied to any fertilizer that is in a damaged or unmerchantable condition I
IV If a fertilizer be offered for inspection and sale branded as an Ammoni
ated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Guano
or other words implying that the same is an Ammoniated Superplwspate the
guaranteed analysis must claim that it contains not less than two per centum
of Ammonia otherwise it will not be admitted to inspection or sale under
such brand If it is desired to offer an acid phosphate or dissolved bone
containing in addition to ten per centum of available phosphoric acid a quan
tity less than two per centum of ammonia the presence of the ammonia may
be indicated by adding after the name in parenthesis the words With Am
monia
V Inspectors after collecting inspection fees and taking samples shall have
applied under their personal supervision Inspectors tags one to each package
of fertilizer before the same is offered for sale or distribution Inspectors
tags will have printed upon each the words and figures Inspected189091
Georgia also a facsimile of the signature of the Commissioner of Agricul
ture
Tags brought over from any previous season cannot be applied to new goods
nor can they be redeemed by this Department
VI All inspections must be made within the limits of this State
All fertilizers manufactured in this State for sale or distribution in this State
must be inspected and tagged and the fees paid before leaving the mill or
factory
All fertilizers entering the State at Augusta Savannah or Toccoa intended
for sale and shipped on through bills of lading to points in the interior must
be inspected and tagged before leaving said cities For the purpose of such
inspection and in accordance with an agreement made with the railroads lead
ing into the interior of the State from the said cities cars loaded with fertilizers
will be detained long enough to permit a thorough inspection and the applica
tion of tags under the personal supervision of an Inspector
VII The following appointments of Inspectors have been made for the sea
son 189091 and during the active business season they will be located as indi
cated and should be addressed accordingly
Dr A Oemler Savannah
RandolphRidgely Augusta
T J Lyon ToccoaRULES AND REGULATIONS189091
W B Jones Atlanta
F A Davis Atlanta
S R Murphey Atlanta
Whenever it may become necessary to facilitate the business of inspecting
fertilizers and transportation of the same the Inspector or Inspectors on duty
at one point may perform any official duty at any point in the State
Inspections can be made at other points in Georgia than those named above
when necessary but if in such cases the fertilizers shall have come into the
State at any port or station where there is an Inspector and shall have escaped
inspection through no fault of the Inspector at such station the necessary ex
penses of the Inspector in going to make such inspections and returning to
his published post of duty must be paid by the parties procuring such inspec
tions
VIII No inspections will be made in bulk
IX Inspectors will draw their own samples
X l Manufacturers and dealers in fertilizers before making each shipment
of fertilizers into Georgia for sale or distribution are required to give timely
notice to the Commissioner of Agriculture directly and also to the Inspector
at the port or place where the same is to enter the State by request for inspec
tion of such shipment giving the name of the vessel or railroad on which
shipped the name of each distinct brand and the number of tons ol each the
number and kinds of packages and their weight and the name and place of
the consignee Fertilizers sold by dealers outside this State direct to farmers
or consumers in this State and consigned directly to the purchasers and with
out the intervention of an agent within the State are not subject to inspection
In such cases the manufacturer or shipper must give notice of shipments stat
ing these facts
2 The shipper or his agent at the point where the cars are loaded mu t
accompany the shipping instructions to the forwarding agent wi ha separate
request for inspection for each car load This request will be attached
to the freight bill of the car to which it refers The shipper must also mail to
the Commissioner at Atlanta Ga a consolidated request for V
covering the entire shipment and stating the brands number of tons of each
and destination
3 Cars must be so loaded as to permit access to every bag of fertilizers with
1 TaSl at Augusta Savannah or Toccoa the train conductor will de
liver the requests for inspection to the agent appointed to receive theni
who will at once notify the Inspector at his post and deliver to him such re
quests
5 No inspections made until the fees are paid
XI All persons in Georgia who expect to deal in fertilizers or have fertili
zers shipped to them during the coming season for sale or distribute will
please take due notice and make all necessary arrangements to meet the
requirements of law promptly when the fertilizer reaches the State and thus
save delay and embarrassment
ill The season for inspecting fertilizers will be from October 1st to Septem
ber 30thDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
XIII The method of analysis recommended by the Convention of Agricul
tural Chemists held at Washington D C on the 28th of July 1880 with such
modifications as were adopted by the Atlanta Convention of May loth 1884
and subsequent conventions of the same Association will continue to be em
ployed by the Chemist of the Department in the analysis of all commercial
fertilizers
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS OF FERTILIZERS
It is of the utmost importance to the planters and people of Georgiato
yourself and the Department of Agriculturethat your duties be well and
faithfully performed You are placed as sentinels to see that the interests of the
farmers of Georgia are well guarded in their purchase of commercial fertili
zers that they are protected from imposition in every purchase that they make
and that the law defining your duties and the regulations of the Department
are rigidly executed in every case You are in your official acts to render full
justice to all parties The strict execution of the law ami full protection from
imposition to all farmers will not work injustice to any manufacturer or dealer
In the discharge of your duty in addition to the foregoing Rules and Regu
lations you are to be governed by the following special instructions giving
some details which could not well be set forth elsewhere viz
1 Immediately after taking samples of any brand of fertilizer in the man
ner described in Rule IX of the Rules and Regulations they must be thor
oughly mixed but not triturated or ground in a mortar or otherwise When
samples are forwarded to the Department for analysis they must be in the
same mechanical condition in which they are offered for sale to the planters of
the State After the samples are thus thoroughly mixed you will from the
mixture fill two glass bottles securely seal them with wax stamp your official
seal upon the wax and then carefully and correctly label themone with a
label showing the inspection number name of the fertilizer inspected the
place at for whom inspected and the date of inspection and the other with a
label showing the number of inspection You must then deliver both in per
son to the Commissioner or carefully box and ship them to him by express
2 You must make an Inspection Report of each inspection of each
brand of fertilizers on forms to be furnished you In cases where the same
brand is loaded in more than one car of the same train or section of a train
the whole being included in the same shipment the several car loads must be
included in one consolidated report to which you must attach all the
Requests
3 You are required to keep in a book a full and accurate record or minute
of every official act performed by you embracing in the record of each inspec
tion the number and date of inspection name of the fertilizer or chemical
by whom and where manufactured person requesting and place to whom
consigned and where where inspected number of tons inspected amount
of fees received number of tags delivered how and when sample was for
warded the inspection number of identical brands sample taken from same
lot and such other facts as may be necessary to a complete history of the in
spection
6RULES AND REGULATIONS189091 7
4 You are required to make a full and complete report on the first day of
each month of the work done during the previous month on blanks furnished
you for this purpose This report must show the actual state of your business
on the last day of the month to which it refers
5 You are required to make daily deposits of inspection fees in the State
Depository most convenient to the credit of the State Treasury reserving such
amount upon notice of the Commissioner as may be required to pay for tags
and other necessary expenses
6 You must remain constantly at your post of duty unless express leave of
absence be granted you by the Commissioner
Report promptly to the Commissioner any violation of law
The book of records or minutes is the property of the Department and
must be neatly and correctly kept It must be filed in the Department with
your final report made at the end of the fertilizer season
Blanks will be furnished you for making all your records entries and re
ports and stationery for official correspondence
Inspectors tags will be supplied to you on your requisitsons freight pre
paid and you must retain the cost of the same and all charges from fees
received and pay the amount to this office at the end of each month
The Act of February 26 1877 requires you to pay over to the Comptroller
General on the first day of each month all moneys received for inspection
fees during the preceding month This must be done in whatever manner the
ComptrollerGeneral may prescribe and you must satisfy the Commissioner that
this duty has been performed before a salary certificate will be issued to you
You are specially required to guard against any misappropriation of Inspec
tors tags or any violation or evasion of the law or any attempts to do so
using every possible effort to see that tags are applied only to the particular
lot of fertilizer on the inspection of which they were issued and make full
reports to the Department of Agriculture
You will be required to render a strict account of all tags issued to you and
held liable to the treasury for the amount of fees represented by any tags not
satisfactorily accounted for
Any information you may need will be given at any time Instructions will
be given promptly in any case in which you may desire them or about which
you are in doubt
Inspectors will be held to a strict performance of all duties required of them
by the law and the rules regulations and instructions defining their duties
No neglect or irregularities in the discharge of their duties will be tolerated
and perfect sobriety at all times is strictly enjoined
v R T NESBITT
Commissioner of AgricultureSpecial Circular No Z
Third Series j
QUESTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL EEPORT OP CROPS
ETC IN THE STATE OP GEORGIA
FOR THE YEAR 1890
RETURNABLE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Dec 15th 1890
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Dec 1890
Correspondents are requested to answer the accompanying questions and
return to this office on Dec 15th Let your answers apply to the county for
which you report and not to your own place or immediate section In your
answers we beg that you will exercise special care after careful inquiry that
your reports may be accurate Very respectfully
Commissioner of Agriculture
I For what county do you reportCounty
II Your name
III Your Postoffice
IV Will you serve as reporter next year
92 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Give the product the present year of the following crops in your county in
comparison with an average crop
1 CottonPercent
2 CornPercent
3 WheatPercent
4 OatsPercent
5 SugarcanePer cent
SorghumPercent
7 RicePercent
8 Sweet potatoesPer cent
9 Field peasPer ent
10 Ground peasPercent
11 Clover hayPer cent
12 Other hay give namePer cent
Give average yield per acre for present year in your county of
13 CottonLhs lint
14 CornBushels
15 WheatBushels
16 OatsBushels
17 SugarcaneGallon
18 Sorghum Galons
19 RiceBushels
20 Sweet potatoesBushels
21 Field peasBushel
22 Ground peasBushel
10QUESTIONS FOR CROP REPORT 3
Tons
28 C over hay
Tons
24 Other hay give name
Give average price Dec 15th of
25 Cotton per pound eu
Cents
20 Corn per bushel
27 Wheat per bushelCent8
28 Oats per bushelCents
29 Sugarcane syrup per gallonCents
30 Sorghum syrup per gallonCen B
31 Rough rice per bushelCents
32 Sweet potatoes per bushelCents
33 Hay per ton
Give the average yield in your county one year with another for a period
of ten 10 years of the following crops
Lbs lint
34 Cotton
Bushels
35 Corn
Bushels
36 Wheat
Bushels
37 Oats
38 Sugarcane syrupGallons
30 Sorghum syrupGallons
40 RiceBushels r0ugh
Bushels
41 Sweet potatoes
42 Clover hayTons cured
48 Other hay give nameTons clred
114 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
MISCELLANEOUS
44 Acreage sown in wheat this compared with last fallPer cent
45 Acreage in fall oats compared with last year1er cent
4i Amount of homeraised pork produced compared with last yearPercent
47 Number of stock hogs all sizes compared with last yearPer cent
48 Percent of a full farm supply of pork producedPercent
49 Number of sheep compared with last yearPer cent
50 Condition of farmers compared with last yearPercent
51 Indebtedness of farmers compared with last yearPercent
52 Price of farm lands compared with this time last yearPercent
58 Give amount of farm supplies purchased in comparison with last yearPercent
54 Give average cash price per lb for bacon in your county this yearGents
55 Average time price for bacon payable Nov 1Cents
56 Average cash price of corn per bushel in your county this yearCents
57 Average time price for corn payable Nov 1
58 What percentage of present cotton crop has been covered with cotton bagging
Per cent
59 Give date of first killing frost
60 What diseases if any have prevailed among stock this year
61 Report such facts as may be of interest new crops fertilizers remedies for diseases in
stock etc
62 Give results of experiments with seed furnished you by this Department
Give report of interest manifested in your county in
63 Cultivation of the grasses and disposition to stock raising
til Forestry
B Fruitgrowingespecially grapesand the varieties bestsuited to this State
6 What is the condition of public rods
67 Is your county supplied with good school buildings
ic answers to questions from Nos 59 to 67 inclusive may be made on
separate sheets of paper
12Circular No 3
Third Series

Supplemental Crop Report1890
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENTfcDECEMBER 31 1890
State of Georgia
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta January 1891
GENERAL COMMENTS
Tbe vear 1890 dawned upon us under most favorable auspices for the farmers
the cotton crop of the previous year was large and brought remunerative prices
the c6rn cribs were full from a bountiful harvest and a mild winter encouraged
early preparation
OATS
A laroe area was sown in oats but in an imperfect manner the poorest land
as a rule being selected for this purpose and as poor results were assumed
from the first the preparation was correspondingly careless The very early
sowing was well advanced when the March freeze greatly injured and in some
instances entirely destroyed the stands In exceptional cases where
thorough preparation and high fertilization characterized the work the results
are most encouraging The average yield for the State is 9 bushels In view
of the short grain crops throughout the country I would urge the farmers to
prepare most thoroughly fertilize highly and sow as large an area in oats as
the individual ability of each man will permit
CORNj
While good corn crops have blessed the farmer in lower Georgia assuring in
most counties an abundance for home consumption in many portions of
middle and notably in North Georgia a drouth of a few weeks worked such
injury to this crop that the supply will fall short of the demand The average
for the State is 87
132 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
COTTON
The cold spring in the more northern portion of the State retarded the
growth and development of the cotton plant and in some localities severe
drouth during the summer prevented the early and perfect maturing of the
bolls In lower Georgia the excessive rains during the maturing season
caused an excessive plant growth at the expense of fruit but on the whole
the crop is a good one though from the above causes and the difficulty of se
curing the necessary labor to gather the crop as it opened the sample is poor
It is noticeable that where the farmers and their families have themselves
gathered this crop the sample rates higher The average for the State is 93
No damage is reported from insects except from rust in a few localities
OTHER CROPS
The average for wheat is 32 oats 59 sugarcane syrup 93 sorghum 74
rice 93 peas 73 ground peas 79 sweet potatoes 94 clover hay 83
other hay 72 From which it would appear that wheat is not a profitable
crop in this State while sugarcane syrup rice and sweet potatoes rank high
The general results of the year are both encouraging and discouraging
Encouraging because we are steadily getting out of debt and our lands are
steadily increasing in price We are raising more home supplies and narrow
ing the margin between cash and credit prices practicing more economy and
cultivating more thrift gaining more information and becoming less depend
ent Much nf this giiod work should be credited to the influence of the Far
mers Alliance which is bringing home to our fireside a better understanding
of our condition and surroundings Much of it is due to the gradual recogni
tion among other classes of the relation that farming sustains to other indus
trial pursuits There is considerable waking up on the subject of stock raising
and fruit culture which are so important to our general and permanent pros
perity The grape and poultry possibilities are worthy our most earnest study
and hearty encouragement Almost half the list of grapes grow well in Geor
gia Scuppernongs and Concords flourish everywhere A large revenue could
be realized to our wives and children each year by studying and applying the
rules governing poultry and their products
On the other hand the results are discouraging in so far as they show our
Continued enslavement to cotton the oppressing king1 While the price of
cotton continues to fall and the price of corn to rise our prosperity is not well
established We are rapidly destroying our supply of timber and replacing
the virgin soil with fields worn by cotton culture Our public highways are in
sad need of attention causing the necessary travel and hauling to consume
unnecessary time and money
Our schoolhouses except in towns and cities are in woful need of improve
ment A general awakening on this subject is much needed
The reports from seeds sent out by this department are very encouraging
We will continue to do all in our power in this direction though with the
limited means at our command we cannot accomplish as much as we would
like
14SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890
ADDRESS TO THE FARMERS OF GEORGIA
This Department exists for your benefit and it should therefore be adminis
tered in your interest The present administration desires your hearty co
operation and all suggestions having in view the general good of the produ
cers will be gladly received and respectfully considered
DISPLAY ROOMS
The Department will be pleased to receive specimens of minerals and crops
suitable for our display room We desire to make this room a representa
tive epitome of Georgias resources the pride of every Georgian who may
look into it And here our lady friends might aid us for we wish to make it
attractive as well as instructive to every stranger who may come within our
gates
HELP TO THE FARMERS
But above all things we desire to help the farmers at home to furnish
them such information and distribute among them such seeds as will help them
to make more remunerative crops
We hail with delight the spirit of progress abroad in the land and with all
our heart we bid God speed to everything that looks to bettering the condition
of the farmer
Va nuthn and Percentage of Increase in Different Properties in Georgia
I Id 007286 00103812563 001
City and Town Property 90 433 822 00 121341352 00
Lands 2lW634 00l
Livestock 2071372 00
Farm Implements qiKfi404 00
Household Furniture 12 012755 00
Merchandise onivmMVi 00
Money and Solvent Debts 22C x
Cotton Mills
Iron Works and Foundries
Mining Capital i
Hanking Capital
1640000 00
295640 00
97580 00
567 00
Shipping 4869354 00
Stocks and Bonds nWiM on
Railroads
896003 00
869354 00
9366129 00
28130775 00
5338952 00
14920537 001
20790335 00
38933258 00
8940285 00
877501 00
261338 00
120252 5 00
1132090 00
7026969 00
37342078 00
112
33
39
79
63
72
52
445
197
167
158
26
44
299
This table from the Comptrollers report shows that we are not keeping
abreast with others The cities are growing nearly four times as fast as he
I the railroads nearly nine times as fast cotton mills thirteen and a
Ttimes and other manufacturing enterprises about six tunes ye every one
tho tlinl s must see that all and each of these are dependent on the farmers
crosDeritv Why should we be lowest except id shipping in the
b iDdEeshen we contribute so largely to the prosperity of all thereat
15
list of im4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Without undertaking to exhaustively treat so important a subject we ask your
attention while we suggest a few points
TAKING CAKE OF LAND
It is a well known fact that in the past our methods have been such as to
rapidly wear out or exhaust the soil A system of clean and close cotton cul
ture has taken the cream from our lands and they have rapidly declined in
productive power We should remember that our soil is our capital and that
it is the productive power of the farm rather than the number of acres that
determines its value Hence it is of the highest importance to preserve what
ever of fertility we may find in the soil Growth does not necessarily impov
erish A crop may be made and the land left no poorer by producing it
SOURCES OF LOSS
The two chief sources of loss of fertility have been leaching and washing
Leaching takes the fertile and pulverized parts of the soil out but does not
produce gullies or galls Washing takes the coarser as well as the finer parts
of the soil and leaves both gullies and galled spots Much land is seriously
injured that is not gullied
THE PREVENTIVES
The best remedies for both evils are first plow deepplow deeper and on a
level If the land is rocky instead of throwing up a level take a twohorse
plow throw out a good deep furrow exactly level and put the rock in this fur
row Burn nothing plow in everything and let it decay
REST YOUR LAND
We should also give our land absolute rest once in every three years By ju
dicious rotation of crops thorough preparation and high fertilization two
thirds of the land can be made to produce what the whole has under the old
system In this way onethird can be rested each year By rest we do not
mean to sow it down simply unless the crop sown is turned under and thus
returned to the land
But after sowing and gathering the crop sowed not only turn under that
crop of grass but let it rest the year following and then turn in all that grows
upon it and you are ready to get the full benefit of rest
Individual instances have been brought to our knowledge where reduced
acreage thoroughly anil deeply prepared highly fertilized rapidly and skil
fully cultivated have produced astonishing results
What one man of judgment energy and intelligence can accomplish can be
done by many and the day is not far distant when hundreds yea thousands
of farmers will be reaping the benefits of these improved methods
IMPROVEMENT OF LAND
We should not be satisfied with simply taking care of the soil every energv
should be directed to improving it We should try to make the poor soil rich
and the rich soil richer To prove that this can be done it is only necessary
to bring forward a few facts well known but little studied In many of the
oldest countries of the world and in city and town gardens we see plats of
16SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 5
ground producing enormously year after year and getting richer all the while
The valley of the Nile supports millions and is as fertile today as when Joseph
fed the famishing nations from Egyptian cribs An example nearer home is
in our old and worn pine and sedge fields When by our ignorance we have
exhausted their productive power natures silent processes take hold and ere
long they become fertile again We need to study natures laws and conform
our work to these laws
HOW THIS MAY BE DONE
Deep and thorough pulverization of the soil is essential Pulverization en
riches the soil We should also plant crops which feed largely upon air or
draw nitrogen and other fertilizing properties from the air and deposit them
in the earth Clover pea vines and bermuda grass are efficient agents in this
work Return to the soil all the vegetable matter possible use freely every
form of soil food especially phosphates and potash either as commercial fertili
zers or as composts better as the latter
HIGH MANURING PAYS
The profit in farming is largely a question of manuring Plowing hoeing etc
are much the same on a poor crop as on a good one The gathering is the princi
pal item of increase in the expense Hence it is better to raise a bale on one
acre than the same amount on two acres Where it is possible we should keep
more tock and pay more attention to the saving of home manures If not
convenient to compost these the best plan is to cart them out each day and
spread on the land thus saving much that is otherwise wasted This question
of waste is a serious one for the farmers Our forefathers with a more prim
itive system but making everything at home in the way of food and cloth
ing and farm supplies lived comfortably and in many instances grew rich
Today the poorest farmer if near a town or railroad finds it more conven
ient to buy everything ready made He even prefers his manures prepared for
him his own going to waste because the commercial brands are more easily
handled While we cannot become entirely independent we can do much to
improveour condition We can think more and plan better Too much of
our labor has gone for naught too much of our energy has not been wisely
directed Plan well do not raise crops which fail to pay or buy that which
can be better raised at home Let our motto be Deep and thorough prepa
ration hig manuring shallow cultivation Georgias wondrously varied
climate and free and often fertile soil will yield a remunerative harvest to
him who tills it aright Prosperity and happiness can and will come as a
reward to intelligent farming A distinguished man has said No portion
of the earths surface is more inviting to the cultivator than the fertile soil of
reorgia
RAIBIXG STOCK
Bv all means let us endeavor to raise more stock The annual drain upon
our resources in this one item is enormous being about onesixth of the
cotton crop in money value Yet experience is in favor of the Georgia raised
horse and mule rather than the imported animals The horse and male trade
176
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
of Atlanta for 1889 was 47580 fortyseven thousand five hundred and
eighty making Atlanta the second largest stock market in the world These
were valued at 5462500 The cotton crop of Georgia for 1889 was 870000
bales valued at 31000000
STOCK FEED
The attention of the farmers is called to the nutritious qualities and also the
cheapness of cotton seed hulls and cotton seed meal mixed in the proportion
of 1 part meal to 4 parts hulls A gentleman who has been experimenting
with this mixture in feeding beef cattle as well as milk cows asserts that he
has used no food that ismore nutritious or which is sooner assimilated The
cost is much less than other feed as it can be bought for 650 per ton The
manure is exceedingly rich in ammonia In view of the short grain crop
would it not be well for the farmers to give this food a fair trial Farmers
who make the experiment both in feeding and using the manure will please
report results to the Department
DO NOT PLANT TOO LARGELY OF COTTON
The experience of the past year should convince every sensible farmer of the
utter hopelessness of seeking to improve his condition so long as cotton is
planted to the exclusion of other crops The area of cotton planted in the
South the present year is 20500000 acres and smaller food crops in propor
tion than for many years As a consequence we tind ourselves confronted by
ruinously low prices for this staple while owing to the almost universal failure
of the grain crops the price of food for man and beast is high with an advanc
ing tendency Many farmers are holding their cotton hoping that prices may
rule higher This withholding of so large a part of the crop from the market
has locked up much capital which should now be in circulation and it is evi
dent that with fair prices in the new year the low grade of so large a part of the
crop will cause disappointment and in many instances decided embarrassment
to those who bore the heat and burden of the day in making and gathering
the crop It would seem that the best plan to increase the price is to reduce
the acreage to be planted in cotton the coming year
INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS
Before closing this article the attention of the farmers is called to the fact
that every effort has been made by the Department to give them greater pro
tection in the inspection of fertilizers But until a different law is perfected
the inspections will have to be conducted as heretofore When the present
law first went in force the amount of fertilizers sold each year was between
thirty and forty thousand tons It is now nearly three hundred thousand tons
A glance will suffice to show that with this tremendous increase different pro
visions should be made The Legislature will doubtless at the summer session
act in this matter Until then the farmers may rest assured their interest will
be protected as far as possible In justice to the manufacturers and to facili
tate the movement of these goods and enable the farmers to secure them when
needed the inspection cannot always be made in sacks The inspectors will
exercise all possible care in discharging their duties It is to the interest of
18SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 7
che farmer the manufacturer and the merchant that an inspection law be
framed and so thoroughly enforced as to do away with the present feeling of
unrest and suspicion existing among the farmers in regard to the character and
quality of the goods they buy P T Nesbitt
Commissioner of Agricult ure
YIELD COMPARED TO AN AVERAGE CROP
SECTIONS s o o a o O OS CO 1 o B a 3 Q a b 0 so 81 97 98 97 93 a a a 60 s a oo 90 91 90 80 90 74 3 s 100 93 90 93 93 CQ OJ O 03 5 C Ph 0Q 100 100 97 93 97 94 02 cS v Ph 2 3 S 80 74 67 67 67 73 CO a a CL a 3 O Sh O 85 82 83 78 83 79 cs a CB O 5 85 80 86 86 83 K fi OJ o
101 101 80 100 80 93 88 81 90 94 90 87 32 33 20 70 20 34 54 54 60 71 60 59 90
71
Southwest Georgia Southeast Georgia For State 96 95 96 72
YIELD PER ACRE PRESENT YEAR OF
SECTIONS
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
For State
210
183
172
178
150
178
14
9
11
9
11
11
3
w
cc a
o
03
G
CS
be
3
CQ
2 11 62 70
3
K
CQ 3
o
SO

bl
o
CQ
126
241
260
266
51 9 189
ioJ
85
90
7d
JO cE CD
2 G
Slss
Ph
Ph
47
L8
22
29
81
95
131
108
122
107
CD
CD 3
Pvq
e
3

O
11
6
6
7
7
7
3
I
o
30
20
21
33

25
o
H
1
11
2
1
1
19DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
AVERAGE PRICE DECEMBER 15 OF
SECTIONS
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
83
63
74
69
78
72
For State gj 71 73 67 27 23 89 401400
115
94
41
116
51
70
7
76
14
42
28
36
30
34
21
33
26
si
90
17
80
41
42
3
43
38
a
o
H
I
m
n
1200
1200
1600
1400
1500
AVERAGE YIELD PER ACREONE YEAR WITH ANOTHERFOR
A PERIOD OF TEN YEARS
SECTIONS a o o O 170 182 145 160 180 107 a so O 17 9 8 8 13 11 a cd XI 7 6 5 38 11 GO cS c 19 15 12 13 14 15 s u CVQ b u a 60 3 x Ill 169 175 300 188 a OB a z X 70 66 55 99 75 CD CD s 18 17 25 20 CO 0 o CD CD 0Q 70 71 105 82 175 101 CD O 5 l l a O
Nortli Georgia 1 n
Middle Georgia

l
Southeast Georgia i i

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF AVERAGE CROP FOR 1889 AND 1
890
FOR STATE a o o o 88 93 5 o a a 83 34 80 59 CD q 3 Ih a ac 3 X S 0 o x 96 74 w 91 93 2 CO CD O 0 P4 J CD is X 84 94 10 i35 84 73 s Ph a 3 0 O 92 79 OS w h CD O G 96 83
18 9 103 87 94 93 101 72
18 0
16 49 21 1 22 11 13 13 29
20SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890
9
AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE OF 1890 COMPARED WITH AVERAGE
YIELD FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS
a OQ ft a op Q IB O 3 A
FOR STATE d a g Ph w W
o a S 1 S o 0J a
o 0 o a k IS O 3 m 188 189 1 o 75 70 5 20 29 9 02 101 107 6 o 1 1 o
167 178 11 n li 11 5 15 9 l
l

6 6
MISOELLANEOIS
T3 ja o a o Ml A n a o a T3 Q a a 03 O S S3
a 03 a 0 a 03 u a IH a id 8 03 U 03
ft ft ft ft ft d
a o a CO Oh a fi af a a a 0 C O 03
o c o o
SECTIONS o a 03 an a 3 t a a o cj a o 033 bo3 a w 3 x s a o M 03 3 O P s a a SOS O a 3D T 30 o 8a o ft ft a a g 3 w u 2 3 a cc a H O i X d3 E 0 g a tMi a O 03 a S a I QD s M o aT a A H a P 2 a S o 03 W a si a a 03 0 2 ftS o ftlH 0 ft m 0 03 d i 03 03 sea a2 3 a a ft a o 03 a 03 p P ft J3 so a 3 0 tau a N g M O u g s ft 03 03 o si o a 12 c be 5 CD d o 03 a
l Ph fc p Ph 00 Ph 3 B Ph P
1112 iii 48 45 9J ion 102 III 64 64 71 100 103 88 78 84 101 104 84 64 8 n n 8 in 60 68 80 78 19 15 1026 111 121 121 111

64 11 74 7fi 97 96 97 99 63 76 83 04 101 95 90 80 106 119 00 70 n 10 72 77 91 46 27 34

51 50 91 100 50 68 93 68 94 75 6J H 62 78 20
77 66 79 100 63 83 98 80 107 78 71 9 68 73 23 1118
Note
Diseases Cholera in hogs and chickens murrain in cattle Remedies None satisfactory
Success with Seeds Generally good
Grasses and Stock Interest in increasing
Forestry But little effort to save none to plant
Grapes Profitable everywhere culture growing
Roads Twothirds bad onethird fair
Schooi houses Poor very poor in the country good in towns and cities
M
d
i
s
i
H
H
O
j
t
Q
W
Q
d
t1
w
H
I
w
o
w
oSUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890
11
THE TRUE COST OF THE PRODUCTION OF BARNYARD
MANURE
BY PROF GEORGE VILLE
Synopsis of LectukeTranslated by Miss H L Howard
Errors in agricultural accounts Price of manure produced in 1887 gath
ered from accounts of four stables kept by Hon M Autier showing cost of
manure raised from hogs sheep cows and horses Also showing the danger
and inconvenience of keeping too many animals The average price is at
least 500 per ton
M Autier raised 3220800 pounds of stable manure which he figures out at
a cost of 295 per ton But as he charges up to cost of animals that which
I really think should be charged to manure I make cost of manure 460 per
ton
We now proceed to examine the separate accounts and see which is nearer
correct
The accounts being balanced by the products for sale there is no disagree
ment at any point and everything plainly kept and with severe exactness
COST OP MANURE RAISED FROM HOGS
March 1st 1887 to 31 head valued at 317 00
1st to 31st tools and implements value 315 00
During the year food of various kinds were fed and amounted to 954 05
Labor required to keep them 53
Making total1703 58
Other hogs purchased during year and freight on same 102 87
Entire cost1806 45
By hogs consumed on farm 235 60
sold 526 20
on hand Feb 28 1888 513 20
implements on hand 317 20
work and service 51 00
1643 20
By 92 tons of manure 163 25
Actual cost of manure per ton 178
Here we have manure produced cheaper than chemical fertilizer
We next examine the sheep account where the difference shows in favor of
chemical fertilizers
2312
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
March 1st
SHEEP ACCOUNT
819 head of sheep
From March 1st 1877 to February 28th 1888
DEBIT
To 661 head of sheep valued at 4603 28
tools furnishings and sheep fold 429 16
purchase of sheep and freight 863 54
food during year 3695 14
work caring for sheep 437 42
257 62
interest on investment
Total outlay10280 16
By sheep consumed on farm 42 80
sold 1382 40
wool sold 1072 36
skins sold 21 90
value of implements 440 79
value of sheep on hand 4986 46
Total income 7946 71
By manure on hand 440 tons 2339 45
Giving cost per ton 531 A
This time the difference is all in favor of the chemical fertilizer This result
is explained by the low price of wool brought in large quantities from Au
stralia
Continued
24SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 13
VARIETY TEST AND BROADCAST MANURINGCORN
From Bulletin Experiment Station
The Bulletins of the Georgia Experiment Station will be sent regularly free to every
newspaper in the State and all persons actually engaged in farming who make application
for the same Address
R J Redding
Experiment Ga
EXPERIMENT NO 11A VARIETY TEST
A variety test of corn is apt to be very misleading or unsatisfactory to the
reader of the published results and at the same time unjust to a Dumber of
the varieties tested on account of the varying habits of growth size of stalks
period of maturity etc of the different varieties
It would be certainly unfair to a quick maturing dwarfish variety to plant it
by the side of a tallgrowing late maturing sort giving both the same distance
the same culture and the same seasons An early dwarf variety would prob
ably require twice as many stalks to the acre more rapid cultivation and prob
ably more manure than one of our ordinary late tallgrowing varieties After
learning the peculiarities of each of several kinds by planting them one or
more years it then becomes practicable to make a fair test of productiveness
by providing for each the conditions necessary for its most perfect and prolific
development This has been the main object of the variety test of this year
The results probably would not have been published but for the fact thai
another and distinct experiment was projected on the same section viz an
experiment in broadcast and drillmanuring which will be discussed directly
The land selected for these two experiments is embraced in a section Section
4 Division B containing 1J acres lying immediately between Sections 3 and
5 on which Special Nitrogen Experiments Nos 1 and 2 were projected and
intermediate in character between these two The section was laid off into
seventyfive rows 5225 feet wide and 209 feet long running north and south
The land was well plowed and harrowed as in Experiments 1 and 2 and the
following fertilizers were applied March 12th
f Superphosphate320 pounds
Per acreJ Muriate of Potash
Cotton Seed Mealo0U
840
Total per acre OT
The section was divided into half by a line running east and west On the
north half the fertilizer was distributed in the drill and well mixed with the
soil as in Experiment 1 On the south half the same quantity was scattered
broadcast each half receiving precisely the same plowing the only difference
being in the manner of depositing the fertilizers The cultivation was identi
cal in each half the plots being plowed and hoed from end to end at the same
time
2514
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE VII
Variety Test of CornExperiment 11A Broadcast ManuringExperiment 11
Pn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Name of Variety of Corn
Mosbys Extra Early
Piasa King
Peeks Premium
Hickory King
Champion White
Golden Beauty
Wellborns Conscience
Blounts White Prolific
Little Red Cob
Strawberry
Mottle Eared
Stanford
Virginia Yellow
Drakes Premium
West
Hunnicutt
Standard Bates
Pennsylvania Gourd Seed
Southern Gourd Seed
Johnsons Farly Large White
Tennessee White
Average yield per acre176182

II
T3
Bus
116
190
176
156
15 7
149
104
224
156
157
20 0
127
177
172
Bus
121
200
17 7
131
168
182
182
244
176
177
204
125
18 5
165
2111179
236 220
25 6
15 6
232
186
156
222
161
201
141
206
Extracts from Field Notes June 21
Indicating Relative Time of
Blooming
In full silk
Just tasselling
Just tasselling
In full tassel
In full silk
In full tassel and silking freely
About like Peeks
Not quite forwa d as Mobleys
LateNo tassels yet
A few tassels
A few tassels
Smaller and less forward than 10 11
About to Golden Beauty
LateNo tassels yet
Now and then a tassel and silk
About to Wests
No tassels nor silks
In full silk and tassel
Very few silks and tassels
About to 18
Tasselling and a few silks
NOTES ON EXPERIMENT NO XIA
The Extracts from Field Notes June 21 give a fair idea of the relative
forwardness of the several varieties so far as could be judged by the eye and at
one observation In making up the list of varieties to be tested it was not
desired to include other than field varieties such as would be adapted for or
dinary field culture in the South Mosbys Extra Early is the only variety
on the list that could properly be classed as early and this fact together with
its smaller size should be accepted as explaining in part at least the smaller
yield of corn Champion White proved next in earliness closely followed
by Golden Beauty Virginia Yellow and Blounts White Prolific The
last named Blounts White Prolific is amongthe best of the early and me
26SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890
15
diiim varieties and is very good for field culture Drakes Premium seed
obtained of Mr Drake the prizetaking producer of 250 bushels of corn per
acre was inferior to several others in yield and presented no remarkable feat
ures of excellence The West coru is a good variety Hunuicutts of
Coweta county is certainly an excellent sort Standard was the name given
to corn grown on the Farm the past year by the late owner Mr M L Bates
and was adopted as a standard of comparisona good variety A number of
the varieties tested will be selected for further test next year and others added
to the list
EXPERIMENT NO XIIICOTTON SEED CRUSHED VS COTTON SEED MEAL AS A FER
TILIZER FOR CORN
This experiment was designed to compare the effectiveness as a fertilizer of
cotton seed and cotton seed meal It is believed by many farmers that the oil
of the seed possesses value as a fertilizer and therefore should not be sold to
the oil mills For this purpose a quantity of sound cotton seed was crushed
simplv to prevent germination An equivalent quantity of cotton seed meal
was provided that is just the amount of meal that would have been yielded by
the given amount of crushed cotton seed had the latter been separated and the
oilePessed To this was added the exact amount of hulls that the given
amount of crushed seed would have yielded The aim was to make the cotton
seed meal and hulls portion an exact equivalent to the cotton seed crushed
portion less the oil only To each lot was added the same quantities of
superphosphate and muriate of potash
The experiment was correctly conceived but the location was untortunate
and the results totally unreliable and insignificant An irregularly shaped
portion of the section was remarkably subject to budwormswhich so seriously
injured the standasto render the experiment absolutely worthless This short
statement is inserted mainly to give the proportionate parts of cotton seed
meal and hulls that were found to be the equivalent of a given quantity of
cotton seed Any farmer can try the experiment for himself The following
is the arrangement of the plots each containing three rows and the formulas
used
1
Mot fertilized
Superphosphate
Muriate of Potash
Cotton Seed Meal
Cotton Seed Hulls
Total
Superphosphate
Muriate of Potash
Green Cotton Seed crushed
Total
320
160
360
453
1293
320
160
960
1440
Same as Plot 1
Same as Plot 2
Same as Plot 3
2716
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
It may be more convenient to say that the equivalent of one hundred pounds
of whole or crushed cotton seed was found to be as follows
f 37 pounds cotton seed meal
100 pounds cotton seedU8 hulls
115 oil
CORN AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES
Mr Gustave Speth horticulurist of the Station reports the following results
of an experiment in distance which he made incidentally in connection with
an experiment projected for a different purpose The land was a good choco
late clay loam with clay subsoil and made threefourths of a bale of cotton
per acre last year with two hundred pounds of ammoniated phosphate to the
acre
After planting the corn in the principal experiment alluded to a plot of
ground was left 104 feet long by 45 feet wide This was laid off in rows five
feet wide fertilized in the same manner and planted in the same variety of
corn varying the distances between the plants one in each hill as shown in
the following table
TABLE VIII
Distance of Corn
ti o s Hills Large oq P 3 It
S 0 CO h
0 as o 8 2 a
XI S h o E Xt X ti
s 3 2 3 0rg S 3 o30
R fci fc M
Feet
1 5x2 4368 3304 496 327
o 5x3 2940 2824 308 321
3 5x4 2184 3192 210 366
The results will not be surprising to those farmers who believe in giving
plenty of distance to corn
It will be noticed that plot 2 planted 5x3 while producing 6 of a bushel less
per acre than plot 1 planted 5x2 gave a smaller percentage of large ears and a
very much smaller percentage of nubbins while plot 3 increased still more
in the proportion of large ears and made 39 bushels more to the acre than
plot 1 which had twice the number of stalks and half the distance
Of course the result would probably have been different if the seasons had
been different It is altogether probable that if there had been more rain in
July plot No 2 5x3 would have produced a larger yield than plot 3 5x4 On
the contrary had the weather been less favorable than it was it is probable
that the yields of both plots 1 and 2 would have been considerably less without
seriously affecting the yield of plot 3 The season of 1890 may be considered
as about an average one and therefore the results of this experiment may be
taken as indicating that a distance of 5x4 or 2184 stalks to the acre is not too
great for such land
28A4co
SI
8
mo
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