PUBLICATIONS OF THE GEORGIA STATE Department of Agriculture IFOH THE YEAR 1890 VOLUME XVI J T HENDERSON and Commissioners B T NESBITT J ATLANTA GEORGIA Geo W Harbison State Printer The Franklin Publishing House 1891INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME XVI The current volume as with the fifteen preceding as the title imports em braces all the publications of the Department of Agriculture of every charac ter issued during the year This volume was not printed in its entirety at the end of the year but in accordance with the system adopted at the inauguration of the Department a specified number of each publication inoluding questions sent to correspond ents the replies to which constitute the basis of the crop reports are filed in the office for binding at the end of the year The method thus adopted explains any apparent want of uniformity in the style and mechanical execution and in the quality of the paper CONTENTS OF VOL XVI Circular No 125Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertil izers and Chemicals Inspected Analyzed and ad mitted to sale in Georgia to the 21st of January 1890 1 L26Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertil izers and Chemicals admitted to sale up to Febru ary 23d 1890 ll 85Questions for May Crop Report 25 127Crop Report for May 1890 29 86Questions for June Crop Report 1890 46 128Crop Report for June 1890 4 87Questions for July Crop Report 65 129Crop Report for July 1890 79Questions for August 131Crop Report for August 7 91Questions for October 132Crop Report for October si 133Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers and Values 188990 97 134Report of Commissioner Henderson 121 THIRD SERIES Circular No 1Rules and Regulations for Inspection of Fertilizers for Season 189091 By R T Nesbit Commissioner 1 2Questions for Supplemental Crop Report for 1890 9 3Supplemental Crop Report 1890 1 GENERAL INDEX Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers A Word to Farmers Address to the Farmers of Georgia New Seriesj Comparative Trade in Fertilizers 13 years Comparative Receipts and Expenditures 13 years Chemicals to be Inspected when Cotton is Still King Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Caterpillar Cotton Bagging Cotton Bagging Commercial Value how found Commercial Value how found Composts Crop Reports for May Crop Reports for June Crop Reports for July Crop Reports for August Crop Reports for October Crop ReportsSupplemental New Series Distribution of Seeds Experiment Station Experiment StationTest of Varieties Experiment StationTest of Fertilizers Experiment StationTest of Irish Potatoes Final Report of Chemist Glanders 1 11 97 33 15 127 127 8 8 62 63 66 11 98 22 29 4 65 89 13 130 74 7 99 67 Glanders Inspectors 12 Inspection of Oils og Inspection Receipts and Expenditures lli Report of Commissioners School of Chemical Fertilizers 41 School of Chemical Fertilizers gg School of Chemical Fertilizers 3 School of Chemical Fertilizers 95 School of Chemical Fertilizers New Seriesj 23 Red Star Ferric Fertilizer pi rcular No 125 I New Series SEASON OK 188990 Analyses and Commercial Values OF Commercial Fertilizers AND CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA DURING THE SEASON OF 188990 TO THE 21st JANUARY 1890 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OP THE STATE OP GEORGIA ATLANTA GA Constitution Publishing Co 1890Circular No 125 New Series j ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 1889 and 1890 to January 21st 1890 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Jan 21 1890 From the organization of the Department of Agriculture to the present time it has been the invariable practice of the Commissioner to estimate thefelative commercial valuations of fertilizers at the prices at which the ingredients phosphoric acid ammonia and potash could be purchased by the farmers at retail at Savannah Ga For a number of reasons the Com missioner deems it best to fix the precise price paid to the broker by the manufacturer This is at the wholesale price in such quantities as are purchased by manufacturers For instance Acid phosphate is sold in quantities at Savannah at 1100 per ton cotton seed meal used as an ammoniate at 2000 per ton and kainit at 1100 per ton At 1100 per ton for acid phosphate containing 13 per cent of available phosphoric acid phosphoric acid derived from that source would be worth 4J cents per pound At 2000 per ton for cotton seed meal containing an equivalent of 8 per cent of ammonia ammonia would be worth 12J cents per pound At 1100 per ton for kainit containing 12 per cent of potash potash would be worth 4 cents per pound At these figures a ton of standard goods would be 8 per cent Phosphoric Acid 6 80 2 per cent Ammonia5 00 1 per cent Potash 80 Sacks sacking and inspection 2 60 Total cost to manufacturer per ton15 20 Take an example of a higher grade of goods 10 per cent Available Phosphoric Acid 8 50 3 per cent Ammonia 7 50 2 per cent Potash 1 60 Sacks sacking and inspection 2 60 Total cost to manufacturer20 20 These estimates are made for Savannah Ga but are applicable to Atlanta as well To this estimate must be added the freight to the desired destination The matter of profit to the manufacturer is one which must be settled by the manufacturer and planter These estimates being made also on a cash basis goods sold on long time would demand an advanced priceTABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals Etc Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188990 to January 21 1890 TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime NAME OF BRAND Adair s Ammoniuied Dissolved Bone Americus Guano Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone aAlliance Ammoniated Dissolved Bone oAlhance Standard Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone AAllianee Stand Ammoniated Bone Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer Cherokee Ammoniated Bone rCrescent Bone Fertilizer ADiamond Cotton Food 4D E Creeh Standard Bone oDiamond Cotton Food Eddystone Soluble Guano Eddystoue Soluble Guano iExcelsior Standard Bone AExcelsior Ammoniated Bone Furmans High Grade Guano Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone aFarmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone dForestCity Ammd Dissolved Bone Georgia Test Guano Georgia Stale Grange Fertilizer dGarnett Stubb Co Am Bone Superphos iGa State Standard Ammoniated Super Phos dGeorgia Fertilizer Harvest Queen Guano H H Cos Pure Animal Bone Veg Fert1200 125 65o 213 650 1040 850 1375 1325 1450 1220 1550 1415 1075 1150 1550 1450 1450 1075 1050 1450 LS50 880 650 1325 1150 12611 900 1150 1150 1150 1105 Phosphoric Acid 250 220 275 2 00 22 250 250 200 245 200 230 200 250 250 300 180 250 200 200 215 225 230 275 470 230 230 231 27 850 775 695 750 810 780 850 780 790 775 810 7Mi 7mi 780 800 580 780 780 810 860 810 810 715 730 810 810 810 750 03 210 240 415 260 210 200 170 235 225 279 202 235 200 200 215 450 200 235 205 155 210 202 305 I S3 202 202 202 170 1060 1015 1110 1010 1020 980 L020 1015 1015 1054 1012 1015 980 980 1015 1030 9S0 1015 1015 1015 1020 1012 1020 915 1012 1012 1012 920 a s 205 250 210 255 285 250 235 255 250 235 240 253 250 250 275 220 250 265 300 220 235 240 230 230 240 240 240 246 a FOE WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 250 160 150 210 181 250 215 275 175 250 285 275 250 250 175 L5 250 2 385 310 18E 2 85 165 213 285 2 S3 285 185 2099 1876 1848 1947 1862 1918 1886 1979 18 87 1943 194S 1979 1918 1918 1953 1809 1918 1979 2181 1920 1862 1948 1834 17S5 1948 19 IS 1948 1803 863 680 6753233 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Americus Guano Co Americus The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston Hammond Hull Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Savannah Guano Co Savannah Jno D Weld Savannah Ga Commercial Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Walton Guano Co So Circle Ga The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull t Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Bltimr Md Baldwin Fertilizer Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Listers Agl Chem Wks New ark N J Hammond Hull Co Savannah Furman Farm Imp Co E Point Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ga Fertilizer Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga John Merryman Co Barren Island Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Bowker Fertzer CoElizabethportNJ Commercial Guano Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Walton Guano Co Social Cirjle Ga The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Furmn Farm Imp Co East Point Ga Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Barren 1 NY Baldwin Fertilizer Co Pt Royal S C Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Listers Agl Chem Works Newark N J Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C H H O w M o d H W I o w oaHardees Cotton Boll oHarmans Standard Bone Jonahs Gourd Guano John M Greens Formula John M Greens Formula dJ P Williams Co Standard Superphos Kramers Arnrnoniated Dissolved Bone leisters Am Dissolved Bone Nassau Guano Olympic Guano Old Reliable 01d Dominion Guano AOur Own Ammoniated Bone AOur Own Ammoniated Bone dOglethorpe Ammoniated Dig Bone Plow Brand Raw Rone Superphos Penguin Guano Potapseo Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate dPort Royal Cotton Fertilizer Roekdale Standard Guano Reliance Ammoniated Superphos sterns Amd Raw Bone Superphos Soluble Amd Bone Superphos of Lime SlinglufTs Dissolved Bone South Carolina Amd Dissolved Bone Samana Guano Sampson Guano Southern Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Walton Guano 1325 1450 1020 1200 1250 1150 960 1250 1350 850 1150 1000 1550 1450 1150 850 850 1350 1150 1240 1040 1090 1100 875 1150 1000 750 1311 840 225 810 210 10211 235 185 1862 250 780 200 081 250 250 1918 125 fi35 350 985 220 175 1785 210 875 150 1025 275 130 1925 2101 735 175 1010 250 185 1891 230 810 202 1012 240 285 1948 250 775 285 1060 265 225 2004 175 710 315 1025 240 185 1879 250 800 210 1010 210 165 1775 175 850 190 1040 210 230 1853 250 775 210 985 235 125 1784 135 850 161 1011 300 255 2073 200 780 235 1015 255 275 1979 250 780 200 980 250 250 1918 230 811 202 1012 240 285 1948 4 00 i 11 412 1012 290 190 1997 175 850 190 1040 210 230 1853 2 50 7 85 235 1020 250 170 1888 230 8 10 202 1012 240 285 1918 125 8 10 205 1015 210 140 1760 260 745 305 1050 215 175 1831 2 00 950 070 1020 2115 150 1837 275 01X1 380 980 270 190 1920 155 1000 360 1360 280 2116 250 775 210 985 285 125 1784 1 35 851 161 1011 300 255 2073 200 5 75 365 940 235 210 1814 125 7 85 245 1030 240 221 1911 215 880 155 1035 220 110 1778 Hammond Hull Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Butler Turner Camilla Ga Walton Guano Co Social Circle Americus Guano Co Americus Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Listers Agl Chem Wks Newark N J John D Weld Savannah Ga Central City Guano Co MaconGa Hammond Hull Co Savannah Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Walton Whann Co Charleston Central City Guano Co Macon Iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Conyers Oil Fer Co Conyers Walton Whann Co Charleston Stand Guano Ch Mfg Co N O G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Wight Welosky Brown Albany Maldox Rucker Co Atlanta Walton Guano Co So Circle Ga Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Butler Turner Camilla Ga Walton Guano Co Sol Circle Americus Guano Co Americus Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Barren Island N Y Listers Agl Chem Works Newark N J Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N J Central City Guano Co Macon Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Walton Whann Wilmington Del Central City Guano Co Macon Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Georgia Fertilizer Co savannah Conyers Oil Fertilizer Co Conyers Walton Whann Co Charleston S C Standard Guano Chem Mfg Co NO G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Bovkin CarpnerCo Baltimore Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Wight Weslosky Brown AlbanyGa Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga t1 k CO CO O O C w a h f W 3 coTABLE II Acid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals Etc NAME OF BEAND Phosphoric Acid Atlantic Acid for Wheat Atlanta Soluble Bone Atlantic Acidulated Rock Adairs Acid Phosphate Americus Dissolved Bone Atlanta Soluble Bone oj Atlantic Dissolved Bone Ashepoo Acid Phosphate Atlantic Acid Phosphate Bradleys Palmetto Acid Phosphate Bowkers Dissolved Bone Phosphate Cordele Dissolved Bone Acid Phos aCotton Boll Acid Phos Dissolved Bone Acid Phos Dissolved Bone Edisto Acidulated Rock English Acid Phos Edisto Dissolved Bone Edisto Acid Phos Etiwan Dissolved Bone Etiwan Acid Phos English Dissolved Bone Acid Phos Furmans Acid Phos Forest City Acid Phos aGeorgia State Standard Acid Phos aGeorgia State Dissolved Bone High Grade Acid Phos High Grade Acid Phos Home Fertilizer Chemicals Kainit 1920 1150 1140 725 1230 1610 1110 1125 1210 750 1400 1285 1225 1400 1025 720 1160 925 1725 1110 1050 1615 750 1225 1225 1225 1270 1000 220 230 240 215 300 175 085 250 210 300 200 3 10 200 320 200 285 350 105 0 150 210 215 250 200 200 200 250 250 760 960 825 1010 1010 1025 1025 820 940 985 750 975 1015 1055 920 1110 1080 1015 725 930 1085 1050 101 1015 1015 1015 1015 1060 400 410 490 405 455 2 440 465 390 405 410 400 320 305 430 370 335 410 460 520 305 305 455 320 320 320 415 355 1160 1370 1315 1475 1465 1315 1465 1285 1330 1390 1100 1375 1375 1420 1350 1480 1415 1425 1185 1450 1390 1355 1470 1335 1335 1335 1430 1415 730 225 121 125 9 FOE WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 200 230 915 1390 1420 1521 1479 1514 1505 1377 1505 1352 1390 1442 1406 1429 1394 1467 1407 1518 1462 1471 1451 1492 1441 1411 1510 13 94 1394 1394 1476 1462 2817 1372 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phos Co Chrlcstn S C AdairBros a Co Atlanta Ga Americus Guano Co Americus The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta AtlanticPhos Co Chrlestn S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charton SC AtlanticPhos Co Charleston Bradley Fer Co Boston Mass Jno D Weld Savannah Ga Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Mallet Nutt Jackson Ga Edisto Phos Co Charleston 8 C N F TiftA Co Albany Ga Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phos Co Charleston Etiwan Phos Co Charleston Savannah Guano Co Savannah Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Baldwin Fer Co Savannah Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C lurman Farm Imp Co East Point Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Atlanta Guano Co East Point Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Bowker 1 ertilizer Co CharlestonSC Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Berkely PhosphateCoCharlestonSC Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C N F Tift Co Albany Ga Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga MnOQdHuI1tCo Savannah Ga M f d Jno Merryman Co Chrlestn George W Scott Mfg Co AtlantaGa Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Impd by Baldwin Fer Co Savannah t W ii K w 13 C Q W C 3 t h3 3 W I o o w oKainit Kainit Kainit Nassau Dissolved Bone Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate Our Dissolved Bone Phosphate aOglethorpe Acid Phosphate oOglethorpe Dissolved Bone tPure Ground Bone fPure Raw Bone Meal Port Royal Dissolved Bone oPortRoal Acid Phosphate oPort Royal Dissolved Bone State Alliance Favorite Sunny South Acid Phosphate Soluble Bone Southern Acid Phosphate Walton Whanns Dis B with Am and Pot Wando Acid Phosphate X X Acid Phosphate 1150 610 880 1225 1225 1150 1225 1225 1415 1375 1210 1010 970 1075 1200 175 080 185 200 200 2050 2175 200 2 00 200 210 280 100 075 220 275 240 1080 1210 1280 1015 1015 1050 1015 1015 850 940 1010 1180 750 1010 1020 330 305 240 320 320 330 320 320 190 345 420 245 285 310 415 1410 1510 1520 1335 1335 1380 1335 1335 1040 1285 14 1425 1035 1320 1435 410 460 175 1280 1275 1250 175 1284 1280 1260 1458 1543 1552 1394 1394 1433 1394 1394 1581 1354 1475 1471 1718 1382 1481 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno D Weld Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Commercial Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savanuah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Std Guano Chem Mf g Co NO Anderson Bro Marietta Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Columbus Fer Co Columbus Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Walton Whann Co Charleston Wando Phos Co Charleston Walton Whann Co Charleston Imp Savannah Guano Co Savannah Imp Savannah Guano Co Savannah Imp Hammond Hull CoSavannah Bowker Fertilizer Co Charleston SC Hammond Hull Co Pt RoyalSC Commercial Guano Co SavannahGa Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa Stand Guano Chem MfgCo N O Northwestern Fer Co Chicago 111 Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga Walton Whann Co CharlestonSC Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Walton Whann Co WilmingtnDel ir w CD o o o K K tea to o II isi W H tEawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as Insolu ble though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 35 Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identi calaresold under different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a b c etc prefixed to the same those having theame letter in the same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same bulk ts W rDEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 83 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Dec 11 1889 fMln7LDlVnFeHaiZer8W Composting Special Circular No 82 from this Department of date November 20 1889 is hereby rescinded The laws requiring the inspection of fertilizers were passed for the protection of farmers and are to be construed with reference to that object When chemicals are sold or distributed to plant hihmT Uudin fertilizers they are required to be inspected before being thus sold or distributed but where sold to those engaged in the manufacture of fertilizers for sale the chemicals so sold are not required to be inspected The manufacturer of fertilizers to be sold to farmers or other consumers is required to have such fertilizers inspected before offer refTt Ch6miCalS USed by Such faeturers are not required to be separately inspected J T Henderson Commissioner SPECIAL CIRCULAR No 84 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Dec 16 1889 tXSmt8 Ckemieatsfor Manufac The following is a true extract from the minutes of this Department By the Commissioner ordered That Cotton Seed Meal offered for sale as a fertilizer is required to be inspected before being offered for sale Every package before being offered for sale shall have the guaran eed Sv bratr T 7 SaCkS r bagS the analsis d s tictly branded or stamped upon each sack A tag securely attached to the sack with guaranteed analysis will be allowed John T Henderson CommissionerCircular No 126 New Series i SEASON OFA 188990 Analyses and Commercial Values Commercial Fertilizers CHEMICALS LNSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA DURING THE SEASON OF 188990 TO THE 23d FEBRUARY 1890 tJNDEK THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GA Constitution Publishing Co 1890Circular No 126 1 New Series j ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 1889 and 1890 to February 23rd 1890 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Feb 26 1890 From the organization of the Department of Agriculture to the present time it has been the invariable practice of the Commissioner to estimate the relative commercial valuations of fertilizers at the prices at which the ingredients phosphoric acid ammonia and potash could be purchased by the farmers at retail at Savannah Ga For a number of reasons the Com missioner deems it best to fix the precise price paid to the broker by the manufacturer This is at the wholesale price in such quantities as are purchased by manufacturers For instance Acid phosphate is sold in quantities at Savannah at 1100 per ton cottonseed meal used as an ammoniate at 2000 per ton and kainit at 1100 per ton At 1100 per ton for acid phosphate containing 13 per cent of available phosphoric acid phosphoric acid derived from that source would be worth 4J cents per pound At 2000 per ton for cotton seed meal containing an equivalent of 8 per cent of ammonia ammonia would be worth 12J cents per pound At 1100 per ton for kainit containing 12 per cent of potash potash would be worth 4 cents per pound At these figures a ton of standard goods would be 8 per cent Phosphoric Acid 6 80 2 per cent Ammonia 5 00 1 per cent Potash 80 Sacks sacking and inspection 2 60 Total cost to manufacturer per ton15 20 Take an example of a higher grade of goods 10 per cent Available Phosphoric Acid 8 50 3 per cent Ammonia 7 50 2 per cent Potash 1 60 Sacks sacking and inspection2 60 Total cost to manufacturer2020 These estimates are made for Savannah Ga but are applicable to Atlanta as well To this estimate must be added the freight to the desired destination The matter of profit to the manufacturer is one which must be settled by the manufacturer and planter These estimates being made also on a cash basis goods sold on long time would demand an advanced price 11TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals Etc Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgia During the Season of 188990 to February 23 1890 TABLE IAmmoniatbd Superphosphates or Lime Phosphoric Acid NAME OP BRAND Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Americus Guano Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone aAlliance Ammoniated Dissolved Bone bAllianee Standard Bone i Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Alliance Stand Ammoniated Bone Ammoniated Alkaline Phos Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ashley Soluble Guano Alliance Stand Ammoniated Bone Alliance Cotton Grower Alliance Complete Guano A W Muses High Grade Guano fcAnimal Ammoniated Guano Aurora Ammoniated Phospho Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer Boss Guano Bone Fertilizer Bone Compound Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Cherokee Ammoniated Bone Crescent Bone Fertilizer Chesapeake Guano Coweta High Grade Guano rockers Vegetable Fertilizer Cotton Fertilizer Ammoniated Crown Guano jCairo Guano raClarks Soluble Guano 650 11110 850 1375 1325 1150 1220 1550 1150 1110 IS 50 170 925 1000 050 1010 1010 1115 1120 16 30 1180 920 1075 11 51 1020 11011 1150 1100 875 1490 850 FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Adair Bros it Co Atlanta Ga Americus Guano Co Americus The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston Hammond Hull A Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Savannah Guano Co Savannah Chesapeake iuano io Baltimore besapeake Guano Co Baltimore Ashley Phos Co Charleston SC Savannah Guano Co Savannah Central City Guano o Macon Central city Guano Co Macon A W Muse Albany Ga Geo W Scott MfgCo Atlanta Coweta Fertilizer Co NewnanGa Jno 1 Weld Savannah Ga C B Wlllingham Macon Ga Bono Fertilizer Co Baltimore w A II M Goulding Baltimore Bradly Fertilizer Co BostonMass Commercial Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Coweta Fertilizer Co New nan Decker Fawcett Savannah I la Navassa Guano Co Wilmington Treadwell AbbottCo Atlanta Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Southern Phos Co Atlanta Ga Furman Farm Imp Co E Point Ga Americus Guano Co Americus Ga The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Edisto PhosphateCo Charleston S C Ga Fertilizer Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga John Merryman A Co Barren Island Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Bait i moreMd Chesapeake Guano Co BaltimoreMl Ashley Phos Co Charleston s Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Central City Guano Co Macon Ga Central City Guano Co Macon la A W Muse Albany Ga Ceo W Seott MfgCo Atlanta Ga Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Bowker Fertzer CoEllzabetnportNJ C B Willingham Macon Ga Bono Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md W v 11 M Goulding Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Commercial Guano Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Crocker Fertilizer Co Buffalo N V Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N c Mfd Treadwell Abbott CoChItn Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Southern Phos Co Atlanta I a O tsl H M H C c w a a H C ES Is I cDiamond Cotton Food 6D E Creeh Standard Bone Diamond Cotton Food Diamond Cotton Food Ammoniated Bone jDixie Guano Fahlvstone Soluble Guano Eddvstone Soluble Guano 5 Excelsior standard Bone A Excelsior Ammoniated Bone Excellent Georgia Standard Guano Etowah Superphosphate sExcelsior Ammoniated Bone Empire Guano Eagle Ammoniated Bone Superphos Furmans High Grade Guano Forest City Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone dForestCity Ammd Dissolved Bone Farmers Standard Phos Georgia Test Guano dGarnett Stubb Co Am Bone Superphos dGa State standard Ammoniated Super Phos dGeorgia Fertilizer Gossypium Phospho Giant High Grade Ammoniated Guano jGiaut Guano Gairdner Arnolds High Grade Formula dHardees Cotton Boll fcHarmans Standard Bone Harvest Queen Guano H II Gos Pure Animal Bone Veg Fert Home Mixture llansells State Standard Guano Home Compound High Grade Ammoniated Guano Jonahs Gourd Guano John M Greens Formula John M Greens Formula dJ P Williams Co Standard Superphos Jacksons High Grade Guano 1 T Hunts Favorite Jack Thompsons AD Bone Kramers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone jKing Guano King Cotton Guano Listers Am Dissolved Bone Lockwoods Cotton Grower 1 i C Diss Bone with Ammonia and Potash Matchless Cotton Grower Mells Cotton Grower 15 50 200 780 235 1015 255 275 1979 M ll 2 50 781 200 980 250 250 L918 II all 51 780 200 980 250 250 1918 17 50 15 7 20 290 1011 2 40 101 1889 1 1 91 235 6S5 360 1045 265 235 1999 1075 300 800 215 1015 275 176 1953 10511 180 580 450 1130 220 155 1809 1 I 50 2 50 780 200 9X0 2511 250 1918 15 51 III 780 235 1015 255 275 1979 10 00 2 511 555 45o 1010 225 175 1821 8 15 75 740 2 7 1010 111 201 1804 17 511 15 720 290 1011 210 150 1839 11 i 0 35 685 36U 1015 2H5 1999 1300 1 50 800 225 11125 230 lVb 1S46 880 Oil S 111 2lli 1015 3110 38a 21 XI 650 215 860 155 1015 220 11111 1920 1325 225 810 211 1020 235 185 1862 11 230 S 11 2It 1012 2411 28b 1948 1350 in 8 65 160 1025 225 1 0 1814 1260 275 7 15 30 1020 230 165 1834 115U 230 810 202 1012 240 2bo 1948 1150 230 810 202 1012 2III 280 1948 1150 230 810 2112 1012 240 28a 1948 1300 185 R mi 240 1040 2115 180 1121 1020 185 715 205 920 251 221 1843 1490 35 11 85 360 1045 265 23o 19911 840 215 7 85 2S1 1065 240 I80 1913 1150 230 810 212 11112 211 285 19 IS 1450 250 780 200 980 250 260 1918 1105 275 7 51 171 920 245 185 1803 1200 125 fi5l 213 863 681 673 3233 1H5I1 150 715 335 11150 2611 240 191111 10111 511 7 61 295 105b 210 155 1S06 1110 0115 1 75 335 1010 231 230 1863 7Ml 5il 6 Ml 37C 1000 250 161 1863 111211 125 635 35 9So 22 17ft 1785 12111 210 s 1 151 1120 275 18 192a 12501 210 735 175 1011 251 186 1891 1150 231 810 202 llllL 240 2S 1H4S 11711 211 Sill 235 113 2 If 211 1833 10111 2 01 6 S5 301 98 22 310 1S95 1250 275 815 205 1025 285 25 1989 061 251 775 285 1061 265 22b Dlll 1490 235 685 861 104 265 23b 1999 11111 If 615 295 9 Ill 26f 151 1S20 1251 1 75 711 31f 102n 11 181 187 1401 9 6 Ofif 10 21 22 120 1791 1320 226 78 2fif 10 I1 21 f 111 1761 lldll 11 1080 150 955 8K 0 6 191 1021 10 OC 22E 24f Lot 18c 1811 1871 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Walton Guano Co So Circle Ga The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savh Southern Phos Co Atlanta Savannah Guano Co Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Bradley Fertilizer Co Charleston Adair Bros cfc Co Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah G OberSons Co Baltimore Jno MerrymanCo Bltimr Md Hammond Hull A Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Carter Woolfolk Albany Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Gairdner Arnold Elberton Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Listers Agl A hem WUs Newark Hammond Hull Co Savannah Columbus Guano Co Columbus Geo W Seott Mfg Co Atlanta Thoniasville Guano Co Thmsvllc Coleman Kay Macon Ga Butler Turner Camilla Ga Walton Guano Co Social Circle Americus Guano Co Amerieus Hammond Hull Co Savannah Almond Moon lacks in la Coweta Fertilizer Co Kewnan Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Rawls Bro Marshalville Listers Agl OJhem Wks Newark Clarence Angier Atlanta Langston Woodson Atlanta Orr Hunter Athens Walton Guano Co Social Circle Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Southern Phos Co Atlanta Savannah Guano Co Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Furmh Farm Imp Co Fast Point Ga Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal s C Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Geoigia Fertilizer Co Savannah G Ober Sons Co Baltimore In Merryman fc Co Barren L NY Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta 1 arter ct Woolfolk Albany Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Gairdner Arnold Elberton Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Listers Agl V Ch Wks Newark N 1 Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Columbus Guano Co Columbus Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta Thoniasville Guano Co Thomasvillc Coleman Ray Macon Butler Turner Camilla Ga Walton Guano Co Sol Circle Americus Guano Co Americus Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Almond Moon Jackson Ga Coweta Fertilizer Co Ncwnan Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno Merryman Co Barren Island Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Hauls Bro Marshalville Listers Agl Ch Wks Newark N 1 Mfd for Clarence Angier Augusta Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N 1 Mfd for Orr Hunter Augusta Walton Guano Co Social Circle OS 7 c 1 o c e w Q W TABLE LContinued NAME OF BRAND Nassau Guano 13 50 eOlympic Guano 8 ro fOld Reliable 1160 gOld Dominion Guano 1000 AOur Own Arnmoniated Bone 1550 60ur Owu Ammoniated Bone 1460 dOglethorpe Ammoniated Dis Bone 11 50 Ocmulgee Guano 1150 Olympic Guano 1050 iOurOwn Ammoniated Hone 17 50 Plow Brand Raw Rone Superphos 850 ePenguin Guano n Patapsoo Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate IS 50 aTort Royal Cotton Fertilizer n 50 Potomac Guano M on Patapsco Ammd Sol Phos 1415 Powhattan Raw Bone Superphos 1360 Patrons Ammd Diss Bone 1400 Patapsco Superphos 1260 mPotent Pacific Guano s50 Roekdale Standard Guano 1240 Reliance Ammoniated Superphos 1040 sterns Amd Raw Bone Superphos 10 90 SlinglufPs Dissolved Bone 875 South Carolina Amd Dissolved Bone 11ill pSamana Guano 10 oo Sampson Guano 750 Southern Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1310 Sterling Guano 1395 Soluble Am Superphos of Lime 1090 Soluble Sea Island 14 00 Plumphoric Acid 250 175 250 135 200 250 230 150 225 215 460 175 250 230 235 1 85 231 230 25d 175 125 200 200 165 250 135 2011 125 200 200 235 w H 801 850 7 850 7SO 780 810 800 800 720 600 S5II 78 810 685 975 761 S10 710 805 810 745 950 1000 775 850 575 785 955 870 685 210 190 210 111 235 210 202 245 220 290 412 1010 Kl40 985 1011 1015 980 1012 1045 1020 1010 1012 190 1010 1020 202 360 050 255 231 300 205 205 305 070 360 210 161 3115 2 15 015 1110 5110 1012 1045 1025 1015 1040 1010 1010 1015 1050 1020 1310 985 1011 910 1030 1020 1030 1115 210 211 235 300 255 2 50 240 200 210 210 290 210 250 240 215 225 210 210 250 275 210 215 255 280 235 300 225 240 250 280 265 165 230 125 3 FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 1 1853 8 1 255 2073 275 1979 2511 10 IS 285 1948 155 177 200 1812 150 is39 191 1997 230 1853 17011888 285 1948 235 1999 115 1786 50 1718 125 175 210 1769 1884 1971 110 1710 175 1831 150 185 8116 125 1784 255 31175 210 1811 221 1911 135 1850 1251936 2353999 John 11 Weld Savannah Ga Central City Guano Co MaconGa Hammond Hull Co Savannah Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Central City Guano Co Macon Central city Guano Co Macon Savannah Guano Co Savannah Walton Whann Co Charleston Central City Guano Co Macon Iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore LorentzA Hit tier Baltimore Langston t Woodson Atlanta Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Southern Phos Co Atlanta Conycrs oil Fer Co Conyers Walton A Whann Co Charleston stand Huano Oh Mfg Co N O Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Maddox Rucker A Co Atlanta WightWeslosky di Brown Albany Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Clarence Angler Atlanta G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N J Central City Guano Co Macon Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Central City Guano Co Macon Central City Guano Co Macon Savannah Guano Co Savannah Walton it Whann Wilmington Del Central City Guano Co Macon Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md ti orgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Iorentz Rittler Baltimore Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N 1 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Southern Phos Co Atlanta Conyers oil Fertilizer Co Conyers Walton A Whann Co Charleston S C Standard Guano it Chem MfgCo N o Boykin Carmer it Co Baltimore Georgia Fertilizer Co Savannah Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Wight Weslosky Brown AlbanyGa Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta MId for Clarence Angler Augusta G Ober it sons Co BaltimoreMd Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore e IS g IS S c 2 o a H IS I S3 fS c w Success Guano Soluble Pacific Guano Star Brand Guano Walton Guano Wilcox Gibbs Manipulated Guano Wando Soluble Guano Zells Ammd Bone Superphos 11 so 05 5 85 3 40 1025 225 155 1817 14 85 SO fiao 455 975 250 140 1826 1380 1 SO 510 5 1 1015 2 10 30i 1940 840 15 8 SO 1 55 1035 220 110 1778 11 00 1 fiOS 405 1010 237 30o 19 58 1090 S 7 80 280 1000 221 105 1856 1570 275 750 275 1085 235 1 1859 Listers Agl diem Wks Newark J O Mathewson Go Augusta Allison Addison Richmond Walton Guano Co So Circle Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savnb Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Zells Guano Co Baltimore Listers Agl Ch Wks Newark V t Pacific Guano Co Boston Mass Allison Addison Richmond Va Walton Guauo Co Social Circle Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Zells Guano Co Baltimore Md w PS GO c c EC NTABLE II Acid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals Etc NAME OF BRAND Atlantic Acid for Wheat Atlanta Soluble Bone Atlantic Acidulated Rock Adairs Acid Phosphate Americus Dissolved Bone Atlanta Soluble Bone J Atlantic Dissolved Bone Ashepoo Acid Phosphate Atlantic Acid Phosphate Atlantic Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Bradleys Palmetto Acid Phosphate Bowkers Dissolved Bone Phosphate Berkely Acid Phosphate fBaughs Raw Bone Meal Central City B with Ammonia and Potash Cordele Dissolved Bone Acid Phos aCottou Boll Acid Phos Cottonseed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal i lotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cot ion Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Meal cotton Seed Meal 1920 1150 1110 728 1230 1610 1110 112 1210 1250 1150 L450 750 1400 1380 ii Phosphoric Acid A a d 3 lub 0 O 3 m o tg M H 3 S 3 FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 220 2301 210 215 310 175 085 250 210 I X i 221 1411 300 200 250 2111 155 1285 3 10 1225 200 7 960 825 1010 1010 1025 1025 820 940 910 580 950 985 750 810 sloe 400 111 191 465 4 290 110 465 390 41H 730 460 105 410 520 ills 400 320 1100 1370 1315 1475 1415 1315 1 lt5 1285 1330 1350 1310 1 lio 1390 11 10 1330 ibso 1375 1275 225 120 125 475 125 821 520 805 780 780 825 800 830 8 10 8 841 840 110 115 2Ill 175 1426 1521 1479 1514 1505 1377 1515 1152 1290 1 125 1465 14 I 112 1 101 1520 1609 1429 1291 2051 13CH 2012 1950 1950 206 2110 20 21011 20 21 on 2100 Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phos Co Chrlestn S C Adah Bros A Co Atlanta la Aniericns Guano Co Americus The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Atlantic Phos Co Chrlestn S C Ashepoo Phos Co Oharton SC Atlantic Phos Co Charleston Atlantic Phos Co Charleston Dunson Dunsou LaGrauge Navassa Uuano Co Wilmington Bradley Per Co Boston Mass Jno D Weld Savannah la Berkely Phos Co Charleston Baugh Sens Co Baltimore central city Guano Co Macon Cordele Guano Co Cordele la Hammond Hull Co Savannah Chattahoochee Per Co Cuthbert Wm Powell A Co Cairo Ga Eady Baker Wesl Point McBride A Co Newnan Ga LaGrange Mills LaGrange HogansVUle oil Mill Co Hognsle Americus Guano Co Aniericns Thomasville Guano Co Thomlle Rogers Worsham A Co Macon Milledgeville 0 A F Co Milledle Coleman A Ray Macon Ga Albany Oil A Per Co Albany Atlantic Phos Co Charleston s c Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Americus Guano Co Americus Ca Atlanta Guano Co Past Point la Atlantic Phos Co Charleston s C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Atlantic Phos Co Charleston s C Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Navassa Cuano Co WilmingtonNC Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Bowker Fertilizer Co CharlestonSC Berkely Phos Co Charleston S C Baugh Sons Co Baltimore Centra city Guano Co Macon Ga Cordele Guano Co Cordele Ga Hammond Hull A Co Savannah Ca Southern oil Co Eufaula Ala Madison Mfg Co Madison Pla Planters Oil Mill West Point McBride A Co Newuau Ca LaGrange Mills LaGrange Ca Hogansville oil Mill Co Hogansville Americus Guano Co Americus Ga Thomasville Guano Co ThomstSville Planters Oil A I er Co Macon Ca Milledgeville oil A v Co Mllledglle Macon Oil Fertilizer Co Macon Ga Albany Oil A Per Co Albany Ca G IS IS z G W c d H M I G is o w GCotton Seed Meal Dissolved Bone Acid Phos Dissolved Bone Dissolved Bone Phosphate Edisto Acidulated Rock English Acid Phos Edisto Dissolved Bone Edisto Acid Phos Etiwan Dissolved Bone Etiwan Acid Phos English Dissolved Bone Acid Phos Eagle Acid Phosphate Furmans Acid Phos nForest City Acid Phos Farmers Hope Acid Phosphate oGeorgia State Standard Acid Phos oGeorgia State Dissolved Bone High Grade Acid Phos High Grade Acid Phos Home Fertilizer Chemicals Kainit Kainit Kainit r Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Nassau Dissolved Bone Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate Our Dissolved Bone Phosphate aOglethorpe Acid Phosphate nOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Patapsco Acid Phosphate fPure Ground Bone jPure Raw Bone Meal Port Royal Dissolved Bone aPort Royal Acid Phosphate cPort Royal Dissolved Bone RainbowSoluble Guano State Alliance Favorite Sunny South Aeid Phosphate Soluble Bone Southern Acid Phosphate Stono Dissolved Bone Samson Dissolved Bone 320 200 150 285 50 105 080 150 210 215 2 Ill 250 200 275 200 200 2r0 250 175 080 185 200 2 00 065 2050 2175 200 200 200 2111 210 2 100 075 2S5 180 1055 920 11110 1110 1080 1015 725 930 1085 1050 900 1015 1015 915 1015 1015 1015 1000 1080 1210 1280 1015 1015 1150 1050 1015 1015 775 850 940 1010 1180 955 1010 305 430 360 370 335 410 460 520 305 305 450 455 3 415 320 320 415 355 1420 1350 1370 1480 1415 1425 1186 1450 1390 1355 1350 1470 13 1350 1335 1335 1430 1415 3 305 240 320 320 235 330 320 320 265 100 345 420 245 405 355 1410 1510 1520 1135 1335 1385 1380 1335 1335 11110 1040 1285 1430 1425 1300 1305 20S7 1457 1407 1424 1518 1462 1471 1451 1492 1111 1411 1408 1510 15 HI 1408 1394 1301 1476 1462 2817 13011 1232 1280 1144 1275 1140 1250 1120 835 230 000 730 915 410 460 135 125 1215 1220 1445 1410 160 155 1232 1236 II 16 1388 1458 1513 1552 1394 1394 1529 1 133 1394 1394 1610 1581 135 1 1 175 1171 1416 14320 A V Muse Albany Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Mallet Nutt Jackson Ga G Ober k Sons Baltimore Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C N F Tift Co Albany Ga Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phos Co Charleston Etiwan Phos Co Charleston Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ashley Phos Co Charleston Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ashley Phos Co Charleston Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Jno Mcrryman Co Baltimore Geo W Scott Mfg Co Atlanta ISoykin Carmer Co Baltimore Baldwin Fer Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Berkely Phos Co Charleston ThomasvilleGuo Co Thomsvlle Rogers Worshani o Macon Wileox Gibbs G Co Savannah Jno D Weld Savannah Hammond Hull v Co Savannah Commercial Guano Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Std Guano Chem Mfg Co NO Anderson Bro Marietta Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Savannah Guano Co Savannah The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Columbus Fer Co Columbus Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Mallett Nutt Jackson Ga Berkely Phos Co Charleston SC Columbus Oil Mill Columbus Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Berkely Phosphate CoCharlestonSC G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C N F Tift Co Albany Ga Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C FItiwan Phos Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Ashley Phos Co Charleston s C Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga i Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Hammond Hull fc Co Savannah Ga Hammond HullCo Savannah Ga RTfd Jno Merryman Co Chrlestn George W Scott Mfg Co AtlantaGa Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Impd by Baldwin Fer Co Savannah Imp Savannah Guano Co Savannah Imp Savannah Guano Co Savannah Imp Hammond Hull CoSavannah Imp Berkely Phos Co Charleston Imp Heller Hirsh Co New York Imp Rogers Worsham Co Macon Imp Wileox Gibbs G Co Savanh Bowker Fertilizer Co Charleston SC Hammond Hull CoPt RoyalSC Commercial Guano Co SavannahGa Hammond Hull Co StvannahGa Hammond Hull it Co SavannahGa Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Stand Guano Chem Mfg Co N O Northwestern Fer Co Chicago 111 Hammond Hull Co SavannahGa Hammond Hull fc Co SavannahGa Hammond Hull k Co SavannahGa Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga The Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga Southern Phosphate Co Atlanta Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S Berkely Phos Co Charleston s C f Ul c a c Srj SCTABLE Ii Continued NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric Acid a T G Cos Arid Phosphate Walton Whanns Dis P with Am and Pot Wando Acid Phosphate Wnlton Acid Phosphate X X Acid Phosphate 1230 170 1075 1160 1200 215 220 27 110 210 f 2 1010 750 1010 1110 1020 365 285 310 340 415 FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 13751429 Thomasville Guano Co Thomille 1085 175 175 17is Walton Whann Co Charleston 1320 1382 Wando Phos Co Charleston 1450j 1491 Walton Guano Co Social Circle 1435 11811 Walton Whann Co Charleston Thomasville Guano Co Thomasville Walton Whann Co Charleston8C Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Walton Guano Co Social Circle Ga Walton Whann Co WllmlngtnDel tRawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not hie though practically It is much more available as plant food than pi Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by th 2sdare sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the oo in the same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as Iusolu hosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 835 e same formula and actuallv sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect ulenti foregoing tables bv letters n b c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter bulk w s a H c Q W HH Q a f i3 a so SI c SCANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS188990 11 RED STAR FERRIC FERTILIZER Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Feb 10 1890 Some time since a brand of fertilizer under the name of the Bed Star Ferric Fertilizer was presented at the office of the Commissioner of Agriculture for inspection analysis and sale in Georgia Soon after the arrival of the goods a request for inspection was called for Accordingly samples were drawn and promptly forwarded to the chemist At the same time the chemist was requested after a thorough examination of both the circular and the sample to report in writing his opinion as to the utility and admissability of the goods into the markets of the State His reply thereto is herewith appended Athens Ga January 29 1890 Hon J X Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Go Dear SirAt your request I have examined the circular of the Star Slaughtering and Phosphate Co of Washington C H Ohio and also a sample of their Red Star Ferric Fertilizer forwarded by you with their request for inspection This article appears to be chiefly silica and the oxides of iron and alumina with about 10 per cent of phosphoric acid all of which is insol uble Potash and ammonia are said to be present in proportions of not more than 1 per cent each Under the general laws of this State a merchantable fertilizer must con tain those substances which are generally recognized as being genuine plant foods viz Available phosphoric acid potash and ammonia and in certain minimum proportions It is true that certain articles are admitted to sale under the general name of chemicals which do not fulfill the minimum requirements in all particulars butsuch articles are always such as are found to contain some of the plant foods named in excessive pro portions While this department would not care to enter into an argument with the proprietors of this or any other article as to the possible value of sand clay oxide of iron or any other substance or any peculiar mixture or combination of them for fertilizing purposes it seems to me that the laws as at present framed clearly look to the exclusion from our markets of any article as a fertilizer which does not conform either in letter or in spirit to the stated requirements as to content of plant food lam therefore clear in my opinion that this Red Star Ferric Fertilizer should not be admitted to sale in this State Very truly yours H C White State Chemist After a careful consideration of the views above set forth I have pre pared the following facts which will be explanatory and I hope satisfying to those who are interested in the matter of the Red Star Ferric Fertil izer The whole object of the inspection laws of the State is to protect the farmers from imposition by fraudulent fertilizers and the Commissioner 1912 DEPA RTMENT OF AGRICULTU REGEORGIA being charged therewith would fail in his duty did he not act promptly in all such cases The inspection tags attached to a sack or other package of a fertilizer is the official proclamation of the Commissioner of Agriculture that a farmer may safely purchase the goods The tags should therefore not be attached to any goods unless the Commissioner is entirely satisfied that they are genuine and undoubted fertilizers competent to fulfill the purposes for which commercial fertilizers are universally purchased and used The Commissioner is assisted by the terms of the law in arriving at a judg ment as to what constitutes a genuine fertilizer Certain substances are specified as recognized plant food as available phosphoric acid ammonia and potash and in manipulated goods even the proportions are prescribed It is true that certain articles such as land plaster which does not contain these specified ingredients are regularly inspected and tagged when found to be of good quality but these are articles such as universal experience and practice have shown to be valuable for fertilizing purposes The Red Star Ferric Fertilizer does not claim nor does the analysis show it to contain any of the plant food specified in the law in appreciable amount at least nor to be such a material as common and general usage has ap proved as a fertilizer In the circular issued by the manufacturers of the goods a full and lengthy statement is made covering the theory upon which the goods are compounded the discoveries which had led to it and the claims made for the fertilizer compounded in accordance with the theory the composition of the article being very frankly stated to be chiefly oxide of iron silica alumina and small proportions of phos phates organic matter etc I have read the circular with care and exam ined the fertilizer Without wishing to be arbitrary or dogmatic in the expression of an opinion and with every disposition to secure to the farm ers of our State all the advantages of new discoveries in the sciences re lated to agriculture and of better and cheaper methods of preparing fer tilizers I am still constrained to say that the circular referred to adds noth ing to our knowledge of growth and feeding of plants contains many as sertions which are misleading and others which have been long since proven to be incorrect proposes a theory of fertilization which is not ten able and offers as the final result of its discoveries and claims a so called fertilizer composed mainly of cheap common substances such as sand and oxide of iron which are contained in abundance in all soils Therefore I do not think that I the Commissioner of Agriculture would be justified in giving my official endorsement of the value of the goods as a fertilizer by permitting the inspection tags to be applied thereto The law however goes even further The Commissioner is required to prohibit the sale of an article which in his judgment is not reasonably suited to use as a fertilizer It would seem that to refuse to inspect carries with it the prohibition of sale J T HENDERSON Commissioner If any confirmation of opinion with regard to the views of Professor White and the consequent action of the Commissioner upon the same line regarding the Red Star Ferric Fertilizer were needed I think the subjoined letter of Professor Simon of Baltimore one of the most dis 20ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS1889 90 L3 tinguished chemists in this country well calculated to settle the whole question The circular was forwarded by a distinguished agriculturist from near West Point Ga to Professor Simon and in due time the following answer was received by him and by him handed to me I regretted the necessity for such action but as much as I regretted it T could see no way but to interdict the sale of the goods in this State J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture DR SIMONS REPLY Baltimore Md January 13 1890 My Dear Sir Even if 1 were no chemist I would look upon a circular like that of the Star Company claiming the greatest discovery of the age with suspicion and distrust In the eyes of a chemist the claim becomes ridiculous The two inexhaustible soils from Nebstein and Belgium page 9 con tain 06 per cent and 12 per cent of phosphoric acid respectively As the weight of soil from one acre and six inches deep is about 4000000 pounds it would require 40000 pounds or twenty tons of pure phosphoric acid to furnish this soil of one acre with 1 per cent of phosphoric acid and as the Star Fertilizer contains but ten percent page 13 it would take 200 tons of it to accomplish the purpose and I suppose that no farmer can afford to do that The claim that oxide of iron in itself is a powerful agent in assisting nature to furnish plant food is also absurd and I am quite certain that thousands of acres of land might be pointed out which are very rich in iron and yet extremely poor otherwise On page twelve it is stated that fertilizers made of S C phosphate become hard and inert because the lime is reconverted in carbonate of lime Suppose 500 pounds of phosphate are used per acre for twenty consecutive years and suppose that they would furnish 10000 pounds of carbonate of lime which would be equal to about onefourth per cent of it in the soil do you think that the quan tity would make a soil hard and inert when we have most fertile soils as for instance in the Valley of Virginia ontaining twenty times this amount of carbonate of lime Of course I do not claim that the Star phos phate is valueless because phosphoric acid in any form will do good I only say that the claims of the company are ridiculous I might point out more errors but I hope that this will be enough to show you that you ought to be verv careful in investing in Star phosphate Yours truly DR W SIMON It is human to err and as I claim no exemption from the aphorism I have taken the precaution to communicate with the Ohio State Board ot Agriculture to see what they know about the Bed Star Ferric Fertilizer As will be seen below the chemist of the Ohio Department finds only nine tenths 09 of one percent of ammonia fourtenths 04 of one percent of potash and one and thirtynine onehundredths of available phospaoric acid the rest or six and thirtytwo one hundredths 632 being insol uble and therefore valueless for plant food But see what the Secretary of the Board says and then be your own judge I was loath to believe that Prof White of Georgia and Prof Simons of Baltimore were ignorant of 21Special Circular No 85 New Series QUESTIONS FOR MAY CROP REPORT 1890 RETURNABLE MAY 1st 1890 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga April 18 1890 Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and mail promptly so as to reach this office by the first day of May AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with which comparison is made is always taken as ioo Thus f the corn crop at any time is 10 per cent better than last year or 10 per cent better than an average it should be reported as no in each case and if 10 per cent be low these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10 per cent worse but no or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague com parisons such as some better hardly so good above an average etc In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside or as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not simply to your ownarm If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate leave the space blank Very respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture 1 For what county do you reportCounty II Your name III Your postoffice 25DEPARTMENT OF AGRJCULTUREGEORGIA CORN 1 Acreage compared to that of last year U Condition and prospect compared to an average of five years per cent percent OATS 3 Acreage compared to that of last year 1percent 4 Condition and prospect compared to an average of five yearspercent 5 What per cent of the crop now standing was sown last fall WHEAT 6 Acreage compared to that of last year 7 Condition and prospect compared to an average percent per cent percent SUGAR CANE 13 Acreage compared to that of last year 14 Stand compared to an average of five years per cent COTTON 8 Acreage compared to that of last year 9 Condition and prospect compared to an average of five yearspercent 10 How much earlier or later than usual Earlierrpy6 LaterDays 11 What per cent of the crop is up 12 What is the stand compared to a good stand per cent per cent per cent per cent RICE 15 Acreage in lowland rice compared to that of last year 26QUESTIONS FOR MAY CROP REPORT SORGHUM 16 Acreage compared to that of last yearpercent CLOVER AND GRASSES 17 Acreage in clover and grasses compared to that of last yearper cent lg Condition and prospects compared to an average of five yearsper cent FRUIT 19 What per cent ofofull crop oflpeaches has escaped frostpercent 20 What per cent of a full crop of apples has set percent 21 What per cent of a full crop of pears has setpercent 22 What is the grape prospect compared to an averageper cent 23 Acreage planted in melonsacres STOCK 24 Condition of sheep compared to last yearpercent 25 Condition of work stock compared to last yearpercent 26 Number of hogs of all ages compared to last yearper cent 27 What diseases if any have affected stock this spring per cent SUPPLIES 28 What is the cash price per bushel for corn May 1stcents 29 What is the credit price per bushel at the same date cents 30 What per cent of a full supply of corn is now on handper cent 31 What per cent of a full supply of hay is now on handper cent 32 What per cent of fertilizers are manipulated at homeusing acid phosphate with home manurepercent 33 What percent of high grade ammoniated guano has been usedper cent 34 What per cent of domestic fertilizers is usedpercent 274 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REMARKS County Sign name here 28Circular No 128 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1890 Returned to the Department of Agriculture June 11890 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga June 9 1890 GENERAL REMARKS While a careful reading of the Notes from Correspondents and study of the tabulated statement of general average condition of all crops this season as compared with same date last year will give a more satisfactory idea of the general condition of the growing crops than any summary of a few words only I can but congratulate the farmers on the fair prospect indicated by these reports A general improvement in the condition of agriculture as well as of the individual farmer is apparent The principles of economy and independence taught by the Alliance are making their impress on the people and I can but believe they are now on the road to that prosperity which should ever be the reward of honest labor CORN The condition of this crop is reported at 97 seven points better than at same date last year Much complaint is made of bud worm espe cially on lowlands and consequently bad stands However the indi cations are that a good crop has been planted and it is in fair condition The only suggestion I can make in regard to the bud worm is that lands most subject to these pests should be planted at as late a date as possible and soon after the corn is up it should be barred off and soil raked away exposing as much of the lower part of the stem to the sun as pos sible This seems to harden the stem and cause the worm to seek cooler quarters 472 DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTUREGEOKGIA COTTON is reported in better condition and a better stand than at same date last year The stand is given at 93 as against 75 same date last year and the condition at 93 as against 82 same date last year Some complaint is made of scarcity of labor for chopping out but fair progress in this work has been made and the outlook is favorable GRAIN CROPS Wheat and oats are both reported as badly damaged by freezes and rust and the percentages of yield for both are put at very low figures A liberal area should be seeded to peas to make up for any lack of forage consequent on the failure of the oat crop THE FRUIT CROP Peaches are reported at 21 per cent against 100 same date last year apples 37 against 79 last year pears 38 against 85 last year grapes 88 against 97 last year from which it will be seen that all fruits have been more or less damaged though peaches have suffered most and in some sections the crop is a total failure OTHER FOOD CROPS are reported in good condition with fair acreage planted The following is a tabulated statement AVEEAGE FOE THE SECTIONS AND STATE c c f z 1 a C 3 z 1 i5 o g B s OJ II N 1 v o z I rj 3 J a as 9j z S V a 5 u a c c 0 C z z c a a zn i o a 03 V H 03 00 3 W a o 3 a 0 1 Z a S to 3 l te o O O u 0J O 2 c o M3 5 z H z z Jz z O a 0 5 1 i 0 7j z a S c 1 a u o a Ph 1 in OJ 0 a a k o3 V E V 1 s s of z z z 7 5 X a z u a Z J z ZZ CC Pi o o j o p 5 1 o CD 0 1 North Georgia 95 69 97 58 97 67 98157 97 12 38 41 si 35 63 42 13 38 UN 55 59 r 11 03 59 45 43 52 15 98 97 82 95 96 13 75 98 99 vi 93 ss 13 82 95 98 92 95 95 92 97 111 98 93 97 90 98 98 92 101 99 97 94 94 88 92 78 98 90 90 95 88 95 10 97 80 90 98 91 93 89 84 87 80 85 35 19 13 9 31 21 100 55 38 27 19 11 17 70 11 00 31 31 50 08 85 91 91 80 01 87 88 17 Middle Georgia 95 95 East Georgia 100 Southeast Georgia 71 100 94 95 Average for State June 1 1890 Average for State June 1 1889 00 18 19 90 75 98 84 97 48JUNE CROP REPORT1890 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEOKOIA BanksGoods rains land too wet to work for some days grass grow ing rapidly Farmers a week behind with their work The little wheat that is in the county is being cut W J B ChattoogaDemand for corn increasing somewhat Price now 65 cents cash 75 cents time Clover prospect good Rain plenteous General outlook goodD W Chero keeWhet badly damaged from freezes and rust Early sowed oats al most a failure later good Never seen better stand of cotton fear the cool nights will thin it out Corn looking well bad stand on lowlands People pretty well up with their workJ J A S Wheat is as near a failure as we have ever had owing I think to fly freeze and rustM 8 P CobbCorn poor stand injured by bud worm average about 70 Cot ton good stand and looks well 10 days late Oats early sown entire fail ure few late sown looking medium Wheat not over onefifth crop Grass and clover looking well but late owing to cold in MarchA C D DawsonCom was badly damaged by frost May 8th and the bud worm has killed a great deal the stand will be very irregular Wheat badly damaged by rust Cotton where the plant was up killed out Farmers pretty well up with the season with fine rains the latter part of MayP J C Early planted corn has good stand and looking fine late planted greatly damaged by bud worms but the prespect good now for a stand Cotton imperfect stand some planting over others replanting the miss ing places Wheat the poorest for years it dont look like it would much more than make the seed sown There are no melons raised in the county for shipment by railroadA J L FloydWheat and fall oats nearly a failure Spring oats will probably make a half crop Crops of all kinds ten to fifteen days late Plenty of peaches and apples Farm hands very scarce on account of public worksJ D McC ForsythWheat is killed by freezes and rust from onelourth to onehalf of area will not be har vested it is so sorry The first or early sowing of oats is no good late sowing is perfectly splendid Corn looks very well only in lowlands it looks a little spotted caused by bud worms Best stand of cotton gener ally for years ten days or two weeks earlyT L S FranklinThe farmers are well up with their work We have had a beautiful spring good seasons and plenty of good sunshine weather the prospects were never better for a good crop Cotton corn and oats are looking fine The wheat is injured by the rust but will be better than I once thought it would I think the farmers future is brightJ B D McW Wheat a failure from rust fall oats a failure from rust spring oats about an aver age Have had plenty of rain Crops near an average condition Yours on the breeding of mules a timely suggestionJ H S OilmerCorn is badly injured by insects killing it in the bud Wheat crop is almost a total failure and considerable amount of cheat mixed with itL T Gordon 49DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA I feel sure by rust and the fly we will not make onefourth of an aver age crop of wheat Oats almost ruined by freezesJ G B E Owinnett Com injured probably ten per cent by bud worms About five percent of cotton killed by frost on the 7th planted over and looking well We have had a season every week this month and corn and cotton seldom looked more promising Wheat and oats taken all over will not make much more than the seedT R Rather too much rain in May for cot ton I can verify what the Commissioner says in reference to the cost of raising colts I have raised several during my life for use on my farm and never realized that they cost me scarcely anything Beats paying out 150 for a farm mule all at once Every farmer who terms himself such should raise his stock and provisions Can some one explain tbe almost entire absence of caterpillars that usually infest the orchards of this coun try J M P Stands of cotton never better and never more healthy Corn promises well good stand better than usual The excessive rains of late have given the grass an advantage but a week of sunshine will subdue it on most farmsR D W HabershamFarm laborers are very scarce and unreliable Nearly all of the cotton crop has been thinned to a stand in this county Bud worms are very bad in corn on lowlands some are plowing up and planting over I would like to hear from some of my brother farmers on fattening hogs on Spanish peanuts I raised eight bushels from the package our efficient Commissioner sent me in 1888 I have one acre planted this season for hogsS J B HallIt is too early to estimate the average for grapes Grape culture is growing in favor every year Your efforts to induce the farmers to raise more stock are commend able Can you not induce them to raise more stock feed in the way of beets rutabagas etc in addition to the grasses clover etc A R S Corn looking well on scubble and bottom lands Bud worms very bad causing many to plant over Cotton looking well where well worked wheat ruined with rust and fly oats in some places looking well in other places poor stand from freezes Farms in better condition from work than usual for this season of the yearW F W The acreage of melons in this county would be very hard to make Almost every farmer raises some for market but they are only sold from the wagon just about enough to meet the local demand There is some rice being planted in this county but on a small scale The tobacco crop will be shorter than usual owing to killing the plants by the last freeze and frost The yield of clover bids fair to be the largest ever grown in this county Packages of seeds received and planted and result will be reported I send you a stalk of grass only recently discovered Last year it headed out about the first of May Seen now about ripe Seems to be perennial will save the seed this year Grows well on good upland and bottom land Stock seems to eat it well I wish to know what kind of grass it is If you wish I will send you a few of the seedA S W Send us some of the seed together with another specimen of grass in bloom if possible and will name itCom 50JUNE CROP REPORT1890 HaralsonFine stands of early planted corn and cotton Later plantings not so good Bud worms on bottoms very destructive Cotton and corn look encouraging It was dry until the 27th when we had a fine season Some oats no wheatJ W B JacAsonWheat very poor probably damaged by fly Fall oats much hurt by frost yet the whole crop taken together will probably make an average Up to this time seasons have been goodJ J The brighest prospects for several yearsmore home supplies best stands of cotton and corn and the most hopeful outlook for years I am not a member of the Alliance on account of mercantile inter est but it is a potent fact that it is doing a long needed workT S J MadisonCom and cotton all right Wheat and oats very near a failure Farmers in the grass owing to the scarcity of day handsJ F P MurrayLight frost here on May 8th but no material damage done Very early cotton was slightly damagedH H Wheat almost a failure Fall sown oats badly winter killed Prospect good for cotton corn pota toes etcJ A McK Paulding Nearly impossible to get a stand of corn on lowland on account of bud worms The people are generally up with their work The Alliance is still moving onwardP P McB PickensCoo nights continue to the injury of the growing corn A small white worm having a black head has caused a great many to have to plant their corn the second and some the third time The farmers are behind owing to too much rain The wheat has been injured by a small fly freezes and rust It now has the scab The outlook I am sorry to say is rather gloomyE R A PolkWe have had fine seasons and cotton and corn seems to be on a general boomthe prospects for either as fine as I ever saw at this time of year Most fields are perfectly free from grass and weeds Worms have attacked the peach crop and most of them will fall off before they ripen Peanuts and melons are such small crops with us that they are hardly worth reportingR T P BabunThe farmers are later with their work this spring than usual They are taking more time in preparing their lands for the crop than usual and the wet spring has had something to do with the tardiness of work on the farms The people are not done planting corn in this county at this writing May 26 There has been a good season in the last three days Bust on wheat and rye but none on oatsE S The oat crop not advanced far enough to es timate the yield the prospect now indicate a fair yield None or very few sown last fall Early spring seeded slightly injured by freeze The wheat crop injured fully half by freeze and rust The rye crop is injured to some extent by a small green louse sucking the grainF A B Towns In parts of the county wheat is ruined by the rust and in other parts the wheat crop is tolerably good Oats are row taking the rust and I fear will be ruined No peaches except high up in the coves where they were protected from the north windsM J B Wheat is looking very badly Rust on blades before it headed out heads coming small and irregular Bud worms bad on young cornJ N G UmoraWheat may fall below 516 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA the per cent 60 on account of the freeze and rust We think the peach crop a failure on account of late frost Corn is above an average as to condition and appearance no injury up to this time by spring frost H L C WalkerCotton good stand and looks well Corn has been preyedon by bud worms and has been in many fields heavily replanted Wheat is a failure The crop will not yield the seed that was sownruined by fly freeze and rust Oats badly damaged by freeze a little over half crop will be realizedJ Y W Spring little cool but perfect stands of com and cotton Pastures fine clover never better and stock of all kinds healthy and fatF M Y WhiteCool weather has continued till now Bad stand of corn in bottom land Some planting over Owing to some cause the prospect for wheat was poor later the rust seized it Oats killed by March freeze Hail storm passed through the county on May 7th destroy ing cotton wheat rye fruit etc in its course Sweet potatoes not all up Plenty of rain No melons raised for shipping in White county No sickness more than usual among stockC H K Whitfield Wheat almost a complete failure on account of freeze and rust the freeze so dam aged it that it has made but little except cheat Spring oats as fine as I ever saw and no rust Corn and cotton late but looks well Clover and grass so damaged by the March freeze that the weeds got the start and will damage the crop Peach trees badly killed by late freeze and what fruit three is is very defective F G MIDDLE GEOKGIA BibbToo much rain just now While all crops look well there is a full average crop of grass both stand and conditionB T R Baldwin Peach crop failure excepting few seedlings Farmers well up with work and not so much in debt Fall oats housed in fine condition spring oats will yield about an average of 10 per centJ D M ButtsFine seasons and corn and cotton looking well where well worked and planted Early bud worms have done some damage to lowlands Our farmers are raising more stock than usual The Alliance has done that much good T G P CampbellCotton looks well though small Corn a little off Oats a failure But little wheat sown Peaches no good Stock looks well and the farmers generally cheerfulF H S Farmers are well up with their farms Stand of corn and cotton perfect looking fine Wheat oats and peaches a failure Stock in good condition Seasons good farmers hope ful The Alliance firm etcJ S D The weather has been favorable in May for farming until the last 26th We now have an excess of rain which is disastrous to wheat and if it continues long will be injurious to cotton Corn looking well Wheat has not been destroyed by bud worm Ihey have been worse than usual necessitating much replanting All oiier crops normal conditionJ J B CarrolNever in the history of arming were the prospects more flattering for good crops than at present Had a splendid rain the 26th which was badly needed First season since we plantedI N R The cold snap on the 8th killed good deal cotton 52JUNE CROP REPORT1890 making the stands bad where fresh plowed Wheat and oats a failure Stand of corn bad from bud worms but the farmers are well up with their work and buying less on timeM R R What is called the bud worm has damaged corn to a great extent Some fields almost required to be replanted with plow More guano sold than any previous year Reason Oats and wheat being killed the land was plowed up and put in cotton seed as it was too late to plant corn consequently it required more guano and therefore a larger acreage is planted in cottonS C C Clayton We have just had a fine growing season Crops of corn and cotton are looking very well Good stands of cotton Corn has been injured some by bud worms Wheat almost worthless Oats about half cropA P A The average for corn has fallen off several points since last month on account of the bud worms I never knew them so bad before No rust in oats Wheat has the rust badlyW P J ColumbiaCrops of corn and cotton in good condition I have never seen them better Farmers are cheerful and jubilant over prospective good prices for cotton Rains have been gentle and enough to dateJ Q S CowetaSeasons have been good Farmers well up with their work With negro labor cotton is our only diversity of crops with guano only for a fertilizerW F S Cotton is generally looking very well and corn also There is more plant ed and more guano used and the preparation generally better The out look for a promising crop is very flattering There has been less rain than usual during the spring months Provisions meat and corn are cheap Labor scarce and not to be relied on generally Money scarce rates of interest high and more especially to those who are in need of help The early oats McColloughs are not ripe yet sown 22d February will be ripe by the 10th of JuneW A S DeKalb Farmers in fine spirits Corn and cotton doing well Fine rains Wheat a failure Oats sown since the freeze as good as the ground can make them Everything on a boom Railroads coming land on a boom and the farmers are going to say who goes to the Legislature from this county for the first time in yearsW H C DouglassCotton is as near a perfect stand as I eversaw looks well Corn is damaged by bud worm Wheat is the nearest a failure I ever saw More millet sown than usual Farmers are working hard though a few days behind Has been raining 24 hours nowW H N Elbert The wheat crop is almost a total failure But little more than enough for seed will be harvested and that unfit for milling purposesJ L T FayetteCotton and corn are flourishing Oats and wheat are almost a failure Peaches have fallen off through May until there are very few left on the trees Can you give a remedy for blight in apple treesW S M Corn and cotton looking well and clean Farmers hopeful Sale of West ern corn off 50 per cent Peach and apple crop poor Grape crop promis ing Let us take a little wine for our stomachs sake etc As for peach and honey they have gone up Salt riverQ C G Cotton crop a little late though in good condition and growing rapidly Corn looking well Gardens fine Outlook favorable Labor generally sufficient and 53DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTU KEGEORGIA doing fair service The Alliance has done a good work for the country and will be a success if it will only keep out of politics If they go into that they will split the Democratic party and prove a failureI G W Where oats were not killed by freeze in March they are an average crop All varieties have the rust but the damage will be slight Wheat as a rule will not pay for harvesting However there is some tolerable fair crops The present outlook for corn and cotton is very flatteringJ G P FultonThe bud worm has been very destructive to corn and in most parts of the county we have been unable to get anything like a stand from first planting Have had to replant several times and in some cases plowed up whole fields and planted over againG M F GreeneFarm ers are up with their work and in better condition financially than they have been since 1875 The Davis colddrouth and rustproof oats are a complete failure ruined by the rust What is the best winter grass how and when to plant it I mean grass that grows during the winter months A N A Apples and pears are suffering more from blight this season than I have ever known them The Seckle is the only pear on my place that is free from its effectsC M 8 HancockWe are having a season of rams and the grass is getting good foothold but things are looking well The wheat is almost a failure but the oats have greatly improved and is very good where the stand is good and are now being harvested the fall The spring crop will be tolerableJ W C Plenty rain Crops in good condition growing finely Outlook promisingH L M HarrisRain much needed for growing crops Harvesting of oats fully begun and rain would be of little benefit to them Fall sown oats except on moist bot toms promise a better yield than those sown in the spring Farmers fully up with their work and are still hopeful of a good cropJ B P HeardI have had to make a guess without any data on the melons Crops are in fine fix today the 2Gth ground too wet to work The oats are a worse failure than I ever saw from freezes The wheat from some cause I cant tell has not been healthy from its coming up I think that cotton is the best stand I ever saw as a general thing The bud worms have cut upland corn worse than any year of my farming cutting yet Apples have made a failure since my May report Peaches are falling off J B W HenryThe seasons have been very good Crops in good condition Great demand at this time for more laborers in the fields J A C W JonesThe crops of cotton and corn are good Wheat is almost a failure Oats have improved greatly since last report Farmers are very well up with work though labor is a little scarce The seasons have been all that could have been desired Guano is telling finely on the cropsJ W B The corn cotton potatoes and cane which are the main crop are all promising a full yield are in good condition and a good sea son in the ground If the plowman will stand ready to his post and press his work for the next sixty days he has every assurance of a bountiful yield will be able to meet his creditors with a pleasant face and thank 54JUNE CROP BBPOKT1890 9 God for the blessingsR T B ZiwotoThe county has been blessed with fine seasons and crops of all kinds bid lair to make good yields J M D MeJDuffleThe seasons very propitious for all growing crops Oats improved 25 per cent or more since last report Cotton fifteen days in advance of last year corn the same Farmers well up with their work and spirits buoyantA E S Meriwetherl am afraid the fruit crop will be a failure The few peaches on the trees are falling off I have seen no apples R M McC JKowroeBeautiful rains with excellent pros pects Corn and cotton considerably thinned by cut worms Some sec tions were visited the 18th by a considerable hail storm which thanks unto Providence lasted only a few minutes Apple and pear trees continue to shed their fruit and fruit trees continue to die Very few healthy ones to be found It was the cold that did the WorkK C T MorganOur small grain a comparative failure but corn and cotton looking better and in better condition than I ever saw themJ T N We have lately had fine rains Crops are doing well but people are behind with chopping a good many not yet through With fair weather now we will be all right G D P OglethorpePeople generally are well up with their work Oat crops are fine The outlook generally is better than usual at this sea son J J G We plant no watermelons only for home use but make good ones Half acre usually will supply large family The wheat crop was largely injured by fly and rust and a great many farmers plowed it up Cotton better stand than usual and in fair condition but heavy rains now falling may cause grass and weeds to destroy itJ McW Pike Cotton is in fine condition Corn is backward and is about 20 per cent below an averageJ W M Crop prospects are fine Corn never better No wheat or oats except a few patches of oats on good land J A W PutnarnA strong decoction of wild cherry bark has proved very efficacious in hog cholera in some portions of this countyO W K Recent rains have retarded farm work causing some grass Extra labor is scarce and high Crops however are fine especially corn where it has been worked Farmers are cheerful and are buying less on credit than they have for many yearsJ T D 2tocdafePlenty of rain this week Labor very scarce and becoming more unreliable every year Farmers will have to rely on themselves and plant less and manure and cultivate better and let Cuffee go The orchards of peach trees are dying very rap idly with the yellowsP H W Fruit trees are yet throwing oft their fruit Mulberries and grapes a full crop Other fruits injuredJB K TaliaferroFov three weeks or more we have had good seasons Cotton has come up remarkably well and everything is growing off admirably The land has however been too wet to work much of the time and in consequence farmers are behind with their business Not much wheat was sown in this section and what was sown has been badly damaged Spring oats if not sown too late are pretty good Our fine rains have put gardens on a boomL L V Stand of corn injured by the bud worm 5510 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Growth of cotton has been checked by cool nights plants small but healthy Early sown grain almost destroyed by fly and rust in fall and winter My early sown rye was ruined by rust in December r eslS KaVe Tu kuWn befre There iS a reat demad for labor Less day labor to be had than ever before and farmers who depended upon them for cotton chopping are in trouble The Alliance has put new life mto the farmers D N S TaSeasons have been unusually good to date Stands of cotton never better Labor is in much demand for cot ton chopping I fear that farmers are more disposed to extensifying than intensifymgD G O Recent rains have greatly improved oats Fruit crop almost an entire failure Great scarcity of labor for chopping cotton Weather now favorable for the growing cropsW H E Troup Oats are extremely sorry caused by the freeze in March rust fly and dry b7nomr 7 t aTrly frm Same CaUSeS Cotton is por on the bottom lands caused by cool weather and want of rain to put such lands in proper conditionJ P Small grain nearly a failure The same of the fruit crop all from the effects of the freeze last winter and spring H H V tpsonOats improved some since last report Wheat almost a total failure Fruit crop of all kinds a complete failure Corn about 90 per cent of a full crop Stand of cotton fine and prospect at present very lflnU fernS POPW A A lF0nWheat almost a falme Small area and badly damaged by rust fly and freezing out But few fal oats stood the freezing Spring oats low and crop will be short most too dry in spring Cotton perfect stands well worked and looking hne Corn looking well though irregular standsowing to ravage of bud worms Seasons have been all that the farmer could desireJ M G WarrenCorn and cotton healthy looking well good stand and in good cond ionprospects flattering Wheat oats and fruits a failure A good rain last nightD W R Use buttermilk freely on your cattle Commence at the horns and rub well on shoulders and back to the tails and you will never see any lice on themone quart to the cow Try it Jason good Corn and cotton in good condition Most of cottoncrop chopped five to eight days early Very few peaches and applesJ A S WMesVery fine weather for working crops up to the 17th Nights of th and 4th very heavy rainssome hail in spots with frost and heavy wind nights 18th and 25th continuous rain Cloudy and somewhat chilly day and especially at night Yesterday and today 31 sun hot again Almost double effectual farm work ttrst half over last half of month Some have utilized time saving grain with cradles Where not worked out before cotton needs attention badlyJ T W SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Crops though small look well The dry March a retarded planting and the germination of seed planted Peach trees dead 1 do not think there will be any peaches in Baker county this season I know of none Oats fall were in boot March 1 Though badly hurt will 56 JUNE CROP REPORT1890 11 make a half crop Spring oats are better Fall oats hurt by dry April spring oats generally benefited by May rains Cattle and sheep in much better condition than usual owing to the mild winterG F K Kain plenty during May and the crop prospect improved but is not up to an average R J Rain in excess for May Grass abounding Spring oats good but few were sowed fall oats pretty much a failure Stand of cotton good but much cotton is late Owing to dry weather in April did not come up Distemper in horses and mules has prevailed Stock badly used up bv it W L C BerrienCotton one month late not done chopping yet Too much rain at present Oats lost by freezes and storm on the 20th of May Stock in better condition than for yearsE C P The finest prospect of cotton crop I have seen lor many years Cotton is lateboth long and shortcause by drouth at planting timeJ J P BjoofeCorn and pinder crops good and in fine condition Cotton crop from two to three weeks late owing to dry weather Cotton and grass alter the rams came up together which puts the crop in bad condition All other held crops are good and in fine condition Fruit crop almost an entire failure even the blackberry crop a partial failureT W J Oats almost an en tire failure Corn good Cotton ten days late not yet chopped and ram too much to work young cotton Hogs healthy Country bacon m stacks in our towns No demand Selling at 6 cents cash for sides joints 42 to 5 centsR I D ChattahoocheeWe have had good seasons for several weeks All crops have improved very much Labor is rather scarce Cut worms have done more damage than usual to cotton The late oats have improved vervmuch Where the land is good they wi 1 average full 100 Melons are only planted for home consumptionJ H W ColqmttXul very little cotton was above ground when the May rains set in Conse quently cotton and grass came up together Our farmers are having a hard time in clearing the cotton of the grass Rains have been abundant and heavy through May In some localities heavy storms have prevailed but doing no serious damage to the cropsF J M Calhour On account of dry spell 1st of May late cotton was slow to come up but looks well when properly worked Bountiful rains the last of May and corn is looking well Oats were badly damaged in some localities by winds and rain same being ready to harvest and others partially harvested Labor scarce and high price demandedF P G CrawfordPlenty of rain and grass is now beginning to grow Farmers are very busy Labor very scarce Railroads and saw mills have demoralized farm labor Seventy five cents per day three square meals and a plug of tobacco thrown in will hire a scrub for about nine hours during two days per week Honey crop a failure J W S DecaturThis is my first year in old Decatur and 1 must say that I think there is a marked change for the better for our county lands are steadily advancing without any boom and planters are taking more pride and using more thrift and energy than heretofore crops generally being better worked and labor generally plentifulS k H the 5712 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA closing of a six weeks drought was followed by the haidest rain I ever saw and did much damage by washing fields and breaking the stand of corn and cotton The farmers are very much behind with their farm work and at this writing we are threatened with another droughtW B McD Good grasskilling weather Crops in a good condition Fifty per cent of oats in harvest Cotton late but looking well Workstock in good con dition hogs plentiful Farmers are making more and spending less Farmers Alliance and its works is the chorus to most of songsE L P Dooly Cotton and corn look promising Oats better than was antici pated Wheat a failureS P O DoughertyAbout thirty to forty per cent of the cotton crop came up from the 15th to 20th of May Grass cot ton and all came up together The negro tenants have not worked as they should consequently a great deal of their crops will have to be abandoned unless they work better and it continues seasonable and farmers or land owners who furnish fertilizers mules and farming tools will suffer great loss I see no way to get them to work their crops They will not work on Saturdays if it rains all the rest of the week All grain sowed in fall and winter was ruined by winter and spring drought and the heavy freeze the first of March Spring oats have come out since the rains and made eightyfive per cent of a crop Cotton has suffered from cool nights and lice Lice have broken stands in some fields Corn is young as it was plowed up and replanted about March 20 which makes it a month lateri but it is in a healthy condition good stalk and has been fairly cultivated Labor cannot be had to do hoe workJ L D While the rains have been light in some places I think every portion of the county has had enough The yield of oats has been better than it promised the first of May Corn a little backward but improving rapidly now Cotton healthy with good stands though if the rains continue grass will cause trouble as day labor is scarceA W C EarlyCotton is late and somewhat grassy Corn is small but looks well in good condition and being laid by May has been unusually wet 6 inches of rain having fallen With rain in June there will be an abundant corn cropD W M Corn is doing its best there having been rain all through May It is yet raining too much for cotton Grass and weeds are rapidly gaining on us every day and labor scarce May crops must necessarily suffer if rain continues Oats are much better than thought to be at last report some making full crops the late spring sowing being a failure Stock in fine condition Xo disease among us at presentJ B H LeeCopious rains have improved the oats crop much in the past three weeks otherwise not onefourth the crop would have been harvested The melon growers are in a fair way to bring about a system of cooperation by which we will be able to realize something in reason from our cropR P J MaconThe wheat and oat crops are both poor The outlook is very good crops having improved wonderfully since last report Day labor scarce and high prices asked The freedmen are fast playing outJ B M MarionSheep have nearly all been killed 58JU1NE CROP REPORT1890 13 by the dogs Very little wheat grown in county Oats that were not totally destroyed by cold have improved most wonderfully by the weekly May rains Corn and cotton bids fair to make a full crop but in occasional instanceswhen planted late or on weedy land is injured considerably by worms Peaches and apples a failure Not many grapesGW C M M o w raining Cotton perfect stand fifteen days late Corn bids fair Three fourths done chopping cotton Gardens fine Crops In fair condition T E Miller The freeze March 1 killed corn and it had to be planted over causing corn to be late All early cotton was considerably damaged by cutworms during cold nights in April The dry weather in April also caused all late cotton to come up very irregular and late Up to this date cotton is doing badlyJ S C QuitmanThe crop prospect is good except the fruit crop which will be very short caused from the freeze oi Overtop last season dont know which I think both The oat crop is bein harvested and is turning out pretty wellmuch better than expected The stand of cotton is bad on some farms but replant is coming up well R G M RandolphAt this writing rains are fine and crops of all sorts booming although grass is threatening and all crops need workR 1 O StewartlCom small but in good condition color good and growing Stands of cotton greatly injured by cutworms Dont knowacreagein melons but suppose it equal to last years Peaches an entire failure and Sventyftve per cent of old trees deadJ G P Labor is scarce m some sections Rains plentiful since 1st of May In many places cutworms broke stand of cotton badly Budworms injured corn on owlands Gai den vegetables greatly injured by cutworms Farm stock in good con dition cows and hogs in good condition One case of glanders in county a Missouri shipped muleand that one was killed as soon as discovered C W A TaylorGood season in the ground and general prospect fair Hog and hominy is the general order of the dayD R B farmers not going so much in debt as formerly and seem more cheerful oik stock in fine condition The Alliance is determined on political measures not men J F A Terrelll find the peach crop a complete failure in this county and there is not one in five that has yet put out leaves and the apple is but very little better There are a few apples but very few and pears are very scattering and I fear will not be worth anything as they are very knotty Fall oats are poor but the late rain has brought out the spring oats until they will now make a tolerable good cropT J S iLrThe corn looks fine and plenty of rain up to the present time Cotton is two weeks late in this county There are no melons planted in this county for market that I know ofG W D The stand of cotton has been injured by cut worms and excessive wet weather Mmg 8J to get the advantage of it and labor is so scarce and unrehable that I fear some will not be able to work their crops Corn is fine Cut worms have played havoc with potato plants Cholera among hogs in some localities R A B JPorCorn planted late Bad stands and too dry and cut 5914 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA worms drill worms Hessian fly and every other hindrance to a stand of corn birds not excepted Oats had a good and bad time of it but a fair yield Cotton nearly all killed second planting good stand late baT too dry cut worms etc Potatoes all right generally Peaches and apples quite a failure Grapes all rlghtW W P The seasons for the last To weeks have been very favorable and all crops have reacted from the six chon ou Tn O We h AprU and flrSt f May PS h o clop out all their cotton twice on account of only part coming up and the The 2 m T gTnd UntU the raiM Set the jt a11 n up at once lhe peach apple and pear crops are almost an entire failure and part of the peach trees have not put out yetG B W EAST GEORGIA BuUoehVM oats a total failure very little fruit of any kind there is a considerable mcrease of acreage in melons too much rain at this time C A S BurkeThe oat crop was not so much injured in this county and sec ion of the State by rust or freezes as by the warm and dry wintef which illustrates the truth if anything that normal seasons are L e ei I tial to health and vigor in the vegetable as the animal kingdom The ex penence of some melon growers in this county has been so lull of Ln pointment that they have ceased to plant thenat all The pea c o wm be a failure from all indications B J dNever iw a be7ter prospect for the tune of year for all cropsD MB EmanZ7TTt crop was seriously damaged by the late cold consequently wiil be n sually short The peach crop is a complete failure many trees are iust now leafed out Apples are damaged by an insect that works in theVud he has been here for several yearsW R K GlasscockPlentyrZ good stands of corn and cotton wheat and oats very poorD D Jeffer Corn very good cotton damaged by hail storms the fruit crfp a complete failure small grain damaged by cold at leasi twenty fler cen S M C Corn is fine cotton medium The rains have been plen tiul up to this time Prospects good for all crops Fruit especHlPv peaches are almost a failureA E T The condition of cotton TmSe for this date Excessive rains have fallen in portions of the coun v and protectively the condition is not so high as I make it ShouldZeseTrains continue and the oat crop be harvested grass will very greatly change the situaton Hail has done immense damage in isolated places TH ZSConditions of crops generally good except fruit which isIfon ure Farmers are up with their work and seem to be more interested n their affairs generallyT J B Fruit is almost a complete fai ure we perhaps never made a better crop than in 89 The prospect now is tl percent better than this date one year agoJ T C lV rain this month May than all of theyea Corn JsmalluTis Cotton very small Cotton chopping is behind too much Sin 0 almost a failure Very little Western corn being bought by the farl 60JUNE CROP REPORT1890 15 W F H MontgomeryThis May 24th fine growing weather for the past week and when crops have been worked the prospect is bright for a rich harvest White labor is the principal farm labor of this county and prin cipally Alliancemen and their sons The improved condition of things around the farms shows that those who work them feel an interest in themG M T McL PulaskiFarmers behind with work Too much rain for this time of year Corn and cotton look well though cotton is small The fruit crop is a failure with the exception of grapes and pears M A S ItviggsThe frequent and heavy rains of the present month have been greatly beneficial to the oat crop but damaging to the stand of cotton and substracting somewhat from the condition of cornH 8 W WashingtonFarm work well up seasons good planters generally in fine spiritsH N H WilkinsonHave had fine seasons since first of May Crops of all kinds doing well and in good condition But very little fruit of any kind except grapes and blackberriesJ A M SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Bryan Weather has continued dry some partial showers and cloudy weather In the past ten years I never saw before so bad a stand of corn or cotton in the eastern part of this county Oats are a failure yet I do not know of one field of the few that were fertilized and carefully planted that has not made a fair crop of grain and straw Deficiencies in soil prepara tion and fertilization show in trying seasonsP D C CharltonCrops are ten or fifteen days late by the dry weather through April Since May 1st the refreshing showers have made crops of all kinds look fineA D Owing to late freeze and drought it was thought the oat crop was a failure but timely rains improved them wonderfully and I believe there will be a yield of twothirds Twothirds of the corn look well cotton small but farmers are hopeful most of it is clean farmers pretty well up with their workA G G CamdenStands of corn have been bad on account of drought Much of the crops is young but with good seasons most will yet come up to an average At this writing the season is fine and all crops are in good condition Cannot report acreage of sweet potatoes until about AugustJ K CoffeeWe are having fine growing weather for the last ten days Corn crops are in good condition the stand is very good the stalk is small but has a good color and is doing well Cotton is young with a perfect stand and in a very good condition Oats are a failureJ B P The condition of corn at present is very flattering Ow ing to the late cold oats was damaged twentyfive per cent Cotton though planted later is looking well is well worked and clear of grass The farmers are turning their attention more to peanuts as a porkfattening crop Melons are looking fine Peaches almost a failure The clip of wool better than usualJ B ClinchA cool dry spring very much hindered getting a stand and made many crops late Cotton suffered most in this respectB C M EffmghamOats a failure Corn cotton peas 6116 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA and potatoes medium fair Seasons favorable Negro labor played out F R T LibertyOn account of excessive dry weather not having had a good rain since last August until the 19th of this month crops of all kinds are backward Cotton seed were particularly hard to sprout espe cially when planted after the first of April We are having copious show ers this the 27th day of April and we feel more encouragedJ O D Jr PierceCrops are generally latefrom one to two weeks It has been very dry but for the past two weeks we have had copious showers and at this writing 527 we are having fine rain and had all last nightA L R A Telfair Farmers are having a hard battle with the grass Since the rain set in on the 2nd day of May which have continued to the pres ent and is raining today land is wet and heavy too much so to be stirred about the young plants though farmers are in good spirits and are going it manfully What few oats there are will be saved in bad conditionso wet Labor scarceW F W WareOur cropsall kindsare coming out good except fruit Recent rains are doing us good Our farmers are all satisfied so far They planted more cotton and corn and not so much riceJ M S COTTON CATERPILLAR The time is near at hand when the caterpillar will put in their work in those sections of theState where theyfrequeut It isseldom theycomenorth of Macon Georgia and by no means do they commit their ravages in every section south of it It is mostly in humid spots where the hind is unusually fertile and therefore produces a luxuriant foliage It is par ticularly important for farmers everywhere south of Macon to keep a bright lookout for them In passing through a field whenever the moth is seen flying before you it is time for you to feel some alarm The moth usuallv remains quiescent until disturbed by some passerby It is important if possible to destroy them before the eggs are deposited Failing in discov ering them at the very beginning preventions should be used to destrov the hatching The caterpillar has four stages of existence first the moth then egg next the larva or worm then the cocoon or chrysalis Then again from the chrysalis comes the moth Of course each successive crop ot moths greatly increases the number of worms It isestimated that everv moth produces during a single season 400 eggs and every egg a worm Without pursuing the investigation farther any person may readily see how and when it is such immense armies are produced Now we all know the past winter was phenomenally warm hardlv enough freeze having occurred even in the mountains to insure the destruction of insect life therefore it is doubly1 important for farmers particularly in the southern part of the State to be vigilant An old aphorism tells us a stitch in time saves nine The usual application for their destruction is poison in the form of Lon don purple or Paris green The former is always applied in a liquid form One pound of the London purple to 80 or 100 gallons of water is the usual proportion Paris green is used either in a dry or liquid form If dry it is commonly used in an ordinary fine seive Some however prefer a revolving seed distributor or sower moving at a rapid rate and scattering over several rows at a ti ne This is the more rapid way Where either of these poisJUNK CROP REPORT1890 17 ons are used in a liquid form it should be by tilling the liquid in a barrel mounted upon a wagon and inserting in the bottom of the barrel a long India rubber tube with a perforated nozzle in the other with an iron tube so inverted as to throw the water from the nozzle on the under part of the leaf where the young worm is hatched The Alabama plan of distributing the poison is thus Make two sacks o ordinary shirting big enough to contain about a pint perhaps a mart of dry Paris green put them in this sack attach each to the end ot a rod long enough to extend over four cotton rows place the pole or rod centra lv over the pommel of a saddle The motion of the mule or horse will give sufficient agitation to spread the poison gently over the four rows There is yet another device for the extermination of the caterpillar or rath er the caterpillar moth That is the form of a light by which to attract the moth at night The device consists of a tin basin 15 or 18 inches in diame ter In the center of the basin stands a lamp filled with oil and over the lamp is a tin tube with about one dozen perforations of about an inch eacii in diameter The moth attracted by the glow of the lamp which streams through these perforated holes singes their wings and they tall helplessly to the basin below These cotton fly lamps can be procured from Messrs Marx McCrystad New Orleans La They are very highly recommended by the above named parties iney eontain as much light as would be given out by eight ordinary lamps The windows through the tubular covering over the lamp is covered with mica or isinglass Neither rain or heat will break them and the lamp they say can be run one night at an expense of J cent Wind and ram has no effect They can be bought at the sum of 12 per dozen In every case where the poison is applied dry it should be done while the dew is on the foliage In every case where the poison is immediately succeeded by a rain the work should be repeated as the rain if at all hard will wash the poison from the foliage COTTON BAGGING Hin John T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture My Deak SinI am in receipt of your Crop Report for the month of May 1890 I wish to say first of all that f am always interested in your reports and whatever else comes from your office But I wish to write you on the subject of Cotton Bagging taking my cue from the paragraph of your report headed Cotton is Still King the spirit of which I admire but at the same time I have somewhat to say anent the same Perhaps no man in Georgia has been more fully ldenti lied with the bagging fight than your humble servant I was chairman of the committee in the State Alliance that formulated the plan and was the chief instrument in securing its passage in the Alliance substantially as it came from the committee That plan was emphatically and tersely stated in the words Cotton only for the covering of cotton and in my view the strength of our game lies not in the defeat of the jute trust and the reduction of the price of jute bagging nor in the substituting therefor of some other cheaper article but in carrying out the original plan of cotton onlylint cotton onlyan acov ering for cotton And I have steadily and constantly held that the con sumption of our staple in this new channel by increasing the demand and thereby enhancing the value of the same will more than compensate for every apparent loss growing out of the difference in price of the bagging 63 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA and the unjust and iniquitous tare on cotton covered bales Indeed I feel sure that so soon as the cotton growers demonstrate their determination to use cotton only the tare will be made actual because it is simply and no set of men can long contend for a gross injustice I have therefore looked with suspicion on every effort to find a substi tute for jute Indeed I see but little choice between jute and pine traw or even cottonstalk fibre as a covering for our cotton Either material foreign to the cotton grower What difference to us whether we use c straw cottonstalk fibre or jute except that whichever is cIk answers the purpose well will be the best for us And I do not doubt that jute would be the article that would answer these conditions tmt0tb11MarntUeKariSingt0 theioton growe1 n the bark of his stalks that s not to be expected until the demand for that fibre arose to vvreZemKedt1SUne Whle PP a tingency doubtless I have looked upon every effort to substitute some other eoverin for cotton m the place ot jute as an effort to divert the Alliance from the main question of using cotton only as a covering for cotton If the jute en can get the Alliance and the cotton growers to give up their own stenle and turn to pinestraw bear grasa palmetto or cotton stall for a tolbetnen theJutetrustcan sing their de triumphed the vic This is not a contest for the putting down of jute unless it be put down by means of cotton bagging For one I am willing to submit to evZv necessaiy sacrifice m order to make a success of cotton S but when the fight turns on any other fibre Im for the cheapest have written you this for the purpose of drawing out your views on the subect and if you have time to do so please write me at S O course if cotton stalk fibre can be so utilized as to be the cheapest article lor the manufacture of textile fabrics of that class and a demand A 1 created for our cotton stalks that will pay a profit on the ha I f tie then will the cottongrower and the country be benefited but even e believe here would be more money in the use of cotton bagglngfat to the cotton raiser ssSj uisi Hoping to hear from you soon 1 am personally and officially your friend T Wat A Wilson While I thank Mr Wilson sincerely for his kindly personal allusions to myself and to my administration modesty forbids their publication here However the views above given are so clear and perspicuous that I deem it proper to give them a place in this crop report I confess tl e c e of these reasonings has satisfied me if 1 ever had any doubts before t at there are master heads in the farmers Alliance who fullyundSndThe situation Without any change in the few remarks headed Cotton UiStlll King and which appeared in the crop report for May 1 am ratilPI to know hat it has elicited the able expose of the original plan that moved the order m then opposition to the jute combine I had no further Meafn penmng my very brief communication than to extol the verv maiy vir ues ol the cotton plant When I came to the decorticated bark now dlbS iTVm ffric ih the manfecture of cotton baling g t centeperyardr SiU BUCh KKKiK oW be producld for 7j My friend Mr WUsons line of argument satisfies me however thai the ultimate designs oi the Alliance are feasible and tin full fruition of their hopes and expectations will be the result of patienceand ttat the endsecanbe better secured by adopting cotton bagging I heartily endoe 11 Henderson r4Special Circular No 871 New Series QUESTIONS FOR JULY CROP REPORT Returnable July 1st 1890 Wheatyield compared to averageper cent Wheataverage yield per acrebushels Oatsyield compared to averageper cent Oatsaverage yield per acrebushels Clover ana Grassyield compared to avper cent Compared to an average condition and prospect of Cottonpercent Cornpercent Ricepercent Tobaccoper cent Sweet Potatoesper cent Sugar Caneper cent Melonspercent Peachesper cent Applespercent Grapesper cent SZEIIMZAIIES Correspondents Name Postoffice CountyCircular No 129 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1890 Returned to the Department op Agriculture July 1 1890 State op Georgia Department op Agriculture Atlanta Ga July 8 1890 j GENERAL COMMENTS CORN The condition of this crop is generally good The general average for the State is 94 15 From many sections of the State comes reports of dry weather The unusual hot weather for the past three weeks coupled with dry season causes apprehension for the safety of this crop COTTON The general average in the State for this crop is 93 35 Reported clean generally but a few days late It is too soon to form an opinion or make an estimate of this crop with any degree of accuracy While it has not suffered as has corn to any appreciable extent should the weather con tinue hot and dry for a few days the damage will be apparent WHEAT AND OATS These crops are almost a total failure In many sections no effort was made to harvest them As against their loss however we are gratified to report an increased and increasing interest in CLOVER AND GRASS Miese are reported at 96L The seasons have been good for properly curing and housing these important crops The reports from correspondents indicate general good feeling among 65 2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA farmers and all crops in good condition though suffering for rain The following table shows the average condition by sections and for the State 4 3 a o 6 tf c I2 2 to Ml S d t t ft a a 3 o 2 a rs o a g fo ft V T O 2 go S o o a 3 a o oi o fcfi O 0 is oi 0 o3 ft a o as 5 a o c a t a S go be 03 o a a a o p ic 5 3 o H i oi O O O 2 c O 3 0 0 3 is en s ft a 0 T S3 bjcO p S 0 d 0 a 0 G fcc3 C a 0 m bC 2 On 0 5 OS 0 0 0 to w a as 0 TJ a 3 5 a O 0 bo North Ga EastGa Southeast Ga Southwest Ga Middle Ga 26 54 50 38 4 5 3 56 64 41 66 54 9 10 5 8 9 92 100 100 93 100 91 88 91 98 94 96 93 95 93 90 88 or 100 92 80 53 96 SO 96 90 94 96 94 90 94 94 96 95 84 86 83 86 84 20 9 16 10 12 39 9 31 22 35 83 83 64 60 84 Av for State 42 311 561 8 96 9S 94 94 93 84 13 27i m Col James Barrett Replies to Mr Wilson in Regard to the Covering for Cotton Augusta Ga July 7th 1890 Col J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dear Sir I was never more astonished than when reading Mr Wilsons letter in your June report of the crop at the untenable position that he takes in regard to the covering of our cotton crop He assumes that cotton covered with cotton enhances the value of cotton which I deny as it would onlv require 90 000 bales to cover the entire crop and such a consumption can not materially affect the price of cotton as the various cotton gins in the country consume more than that amount of cotton without affectine the price What will Mr Wilson do about the tare which entails a heavy loss upon the farmers I see but little choice between jute and pine straw or even cotton stalk fibre as a covering for our cotton Either material is foreign to the cotton grower If cotton stalk fibre is foreign to the cotton grower I do not understand the Enghsh language and the assertion is an absurdity as nothing the former grows himself can be foreign I am forced to contend whenever a farmer can utilize any offal that he produces it is wise economy for him to use the same J His reference to the revenue arising from the cotton stalk fibre to the producer is rather curious as he states that we must consume the entire crop before we can make money I do not know of any crop where the whole is consumed as a large amount of cotton corn wheat etc are not consumed yearly therefore we should not grow them as a money crop What the farmers are fighting for is to whip the jute trust and it is not a war upon any fibre but a war against trusts and we should use any fibre that will defeat the bagging trust We have lost an immense amount in the use of cotton bagging and it was wisely expended as we used the means that was most available at the time to fight with but it would be ridiculous for us to cut our noses off when we have a fibre grown in con nection with our cotton that will cover the same cheaper and better than 66JULY CROP REPORT1890 3 cotton bagging besides the revenue arising from cotton stalk fibre would go into our farmers pockets and a profit would be made from that which has been wasted and burnt up Mr Wilsons argument convinces me that cotton bagging is unfeasible and is full of fruitless hopes and only attended with great loss to the cotton rower We must have a practicable substitute for jute that can equal ifin cheapness durability and protective qualities for cotton cover ing Cotton stalk fibre fulfills such qualifications and it is the powder and lead to kill the iute trust with for success in war means the judicious use of the sinews of warmoney We cant continue to pay twelve to fourteen cents per yard for cotton bagging and lose sixty cents per bale on cotton for tare when we can utilize an offal of our cotton crop for seven to eight cents per yard and no loss in tare Sentiment is a good thing to stir up war with but it dont stand the long marches and starvation that money does In all commercial fights money wins her way when sentiment is lost in the cry of victory Mr Wilson is carried away by sentiment and not by judgment and he ioses sight of the main question that our war is against the jute trust and not jute fibre We should fight nothing that is produced In the South and especially when the product is from an offal Your friend James Barrett Glanders A malignant contagious and fatal disease peculiar to horses and mules presenting itself in a variety of forms which come under the following heads Acute Glanders and Chronic Glanders Acute Farcy and Chronic Farcy While the symptoms of this disease are dissimilar at the beginning thev always terminate the same As has been fully proven by inoculating an animal with the virus taken from a glandered horse it will produce farcy while the virus from a horse with farcy will produce glanders IMs is essentially a blood disease The most common symptoms will be a discharge from one or both nostrils it may be very light for some time depending on the severity of the case Small swellings occur in the sub maxillary space between the lower jaws These swellings are different from the enlargement of common distemper as they seldom become large and rarely ever suppurate They will be found as an enlargement of the land but not attached to the bone as in the case of distemper strangles As the disease becomes more pronounced there will be found ulcerated patches on the mucous membrane lining the nasal chambers Some cases first present themselves by lameness or stiffness of first one leg accom panied by swelling then shifting to another then small knots about the size of a chestnut will appear on the swollen legs they will usually sup purate or run an oily kind of matter These in the chronic form may soon be healed up but in the acute form they become more plen tiful covering the body accompanied by the discharge from the nose and the animal soon succumbs A great many other symptoms might be given such as a falling off in flesh with a rough staring coat the animal appearing to be dull and languid This may run on for several months then follows a slight discharge from the nose These are the most common svmptoms Horses that have been exposed to the contagion may not show any symptoms for several months and after they show well defined symp toms may livefrom one to three years and do pretty good service but the danger of thusMealing with this fatal disease has often proved the destruc tion many a noble animal that they may have come in contact with as well as human beings There is no cure for the disease and the best thing that can be done is to have them at once destroyed 674 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The foregoing is a hurried description of glanders as prepared by Dr J N Cooke the veterinarian upon whose services I have heretofore called to attend the many requests that have been made upon me It has been a matter of grave doubt from the beginning as to whether any authority was given the Commissioner by the law establishing the Department of Agri culture The law is certainly only inferential and would not have been entertained without specific authority by His Excellency the Governor Calls of this character not being anticipated by me I have already ex hausted a large sum of a small appropriation to comply with these pressing demands for veterinary services The demand for this work has been con fined almost entirely to counties lying south of Macon Oa It seems from the best information that I can obtain that the disease originated from the mules and Texas ponies which have been brought into the State and have been widely spread throughout the lower tier of counties I see no chance for want of money to longer continue the services of a veterinarian and meet the other necessary expenses of the Department but I now furnish a description of this fatal disease so that every man can diagnose cases that may arise on his farm and if the disease is shown to be glanders that lie may at once either commence the work of extermination or isolate the animal from all other stock I would here call attention to those having the management and care of glandered stock to the danger they themselves are in The disease of glanders or farcy is infectious and may at any time when there is an abrasion about the hands or arms of the hostler be com municated to him It is quite as fatal to man as to equine stock Commissioner SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS Prof George Ville Q Will you make a comparison between the grain of wheat and that of corn A Certainly WHEAT COKN Gluten and albumen 14 6 119 Starch 597 615 Dextrine 7 2 Fatty matter 12 55 Cellulose j7 4j Mineral salts lg 30 Water 140 140 1000 1000 Q What is the composition by analysis of ground shucks and stalks A SHUCKS STALKS Fatty matter1 40 110 Mineral matter 2 88 1 80 Water s70 7 44 trch l850 60 Vre6010 7785 Nitrogenous matter4 00 3 80 Nitrogeneous matter soluble in water 232 115 Loss 80 056 Nitrogen0640 0590 68JULY CROP REPORT1890 5 According to this analysis the nutritive value of hay represented by 100 that of ground stalks is 192 and ground shucks 179 QHave you analyzed ashes from both shucks and stalks I AYes SHUCKS STALKS Potash 1545 1628 X 2750 1740 f930 780 Mine jr i jo Magnesiam n7ft Sulphuric Acid Al Phosphoric Acid1009 38 suSine ie 2429 Carbonic Acid and lossI572 2188 According to these values 33000 lbs of ground stalks and shucks mixed together are equal to 17600 lbs of hay QWhat weight of grain and stalks have you grown by use of complete fertilizer in open field culturenot by small plats AWeight of stalks 20932 lbs of grain 4693 lbs number of bushels 97 QCan you give returns from others growing corn with complete fer 1 AYes Mr Mero at Cannes 1500 lbs complete fertilizer 77 bushels per acre Mr de Guaita at Nancy 1600 lbs complete fertilizer 85 bush els per acre Mr Grandeau at Nancy 396 lbs complete fertilizer 55 bushels per acre QAre chemical fertilizers as efficacious as barnyard manure toi sugar cane AYes more efficacious QWhat is the dominant of sugar cane APhosphate of lime as it is for corn qWill you give a comparison of the effect of phosphate potash nitro gen and lime AYes and in open field culture Complete fertilizer50360 pounds Fertilizer without limeuuu potash30800 phosphatelf200 nitrogen4J280 Soil without fertilizerA4U q You show very clearly phosphate is the dominant of sugar cane Is nitrogen always as inferior in effect AYes sugar cane like the legumes draws its nitrogen mainly from the atmosphere as the following tables will prove Complete fertilizer 66 pounds nitrogen50000 without nitrogen tiou The next season progressive amounts of nitrogen were used Complete fertilizer with 24 pounds nitrogen73920 t u u 3Q u oaoU i u u 52 72032 a u 78 u 78794 q Will you give the formula of your complete fertilizer for sugar cane AYes 69 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA COMPLETE FERTILIZER PER ACRE Superphosphate of Lime 528 pounds Nitrate of Potash 176 pounds Sulphate of Lime352 pounds Total1056 pounds QHave many sugar cane growers used this formula AA great many sugar cane growers have used this formula and for 15 or 20 years especially at Gaudaloupe by M de Zabrun President of a com mission of fertilizers and Mr Souques the director of a huge sugar plant at Gaudaloupe that uses annually 220000000 pounds of sugar cane QDo you fertilize the suckers in the same way AYes or you lose a great part of the profit as you will see by the fol lowing cultures on three different pieces of land First year planted Second year Average per Cane Suckers Year 72782 pounds 23870 pounds 48326 pounds 61600 pounds 27520 pounds 44260 pounds 72160 pounds 20240 pounds 46200 pounds The suckers received 528 pounds of superphosphate the second year but it might be more profitable to have given them the full amount of com plete fertilizer No 5 QCan you give cultures of cane where the suckers need as much fertil izer as the first planting of cane AYes And it was profitable but I will compare the two systems First culture of cane receiving fertilizer for two years Cost 1056 pounds complete fertilizer No 5 20 00 Crop 88000 pounds cane for two years 200 00 2d Culture of cane receiving fertilizer each year Cost 2012 lbs complete fertilizer No 5 40 00 Crop 132000 lbs cane in two years280 00 The suckers received same as canes planted 68 more by the second system or 34 per acre per annum The cost was great but the excess of crop more than covered the expense QIs the quality of juice better from use of chemical fertilizers than from barnyard manure ANo but the yield is much greater as I have already saidas is proved by the cane growers at Gaudeloupe for fifteen years I give the experience of Mr Zabrun and Mr Souques One table like the following is the general experience Per Acre Chemical fertilizer 28 pounds nitrogen74604 pounds Barnyard manure58 876 Soil without any fertilizer23386 QDoes cane without fertilizer produce a juice yielding as much sugar as when grown with fertilizer ANo Canes grown with chemical fertilizer contain 1780 per cent of sugar and canes not fertilized 1152 per cent Canes fertilized Sugar crystalizable1750 uncrystalizableolso Total sugar1780 Canes not fertilized Sugar crvstalizable 10 13 uncrystalizableL39 Total sugarH53 70Special Circular No 79 New Series 1 QUESTIONS FOR AUGUST CROP REPORT 1890 TO BE RETURNED TO THE COMMISSIONER BY AUGUST 1 1890 What is the condition and prospects of 1 Cotton compared with an average percent 2 Corn compared with an average per cent 3 Rice compared with an average per cent 4 Sugar cane compared with an average per cent 5 Sweet potatoes compared with an average per cent 6 What are the profits of the melon crop compared with last year per cent 7 Give date of first appearance of cotton caterpillars 9 Period of excessive wet weather From Julyto July 10 period of drouth From Julyto July Name Post Office County Date of making this ReportCircular No 131 New Series CROP REPORT FOll THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1890 Returned to the Department of Agriculture August 1 1890 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga August 8 1890 GENERAL COMMENTS A comparison with the Report of July 1st as contained in Circular No 130 shows that in North Georgia cotton has fallen off 2 points and corn 5 points These changes are due to an excessive drought over almost the entire section from the middle of June to about the 23d of July Since the 23d the rains have been excessive In East Georgia the cotton and corn crops have increased their general average 3 points In East Georgia the seasons have been good without exception Southeast Georgia has also increased its general averageof cotton 7 points and corn 2 points Here the seasons have also been good In Southwest Georgia the corn crop is 4 points higher than was shown by the Julv Report while the cotton crop shows a falling off of 5 points due to excessive rains which have produced rust Four counties in Southwest Georgia viz Brooks Dougherty Miller and Muscogee report the appear ance of caterpillars Middle Georgia shows a decrease in cotton of 4 points and in corn 9 points The indications are that the cotton crop will show a considerable falling off in the next report on account of excessive rains and rust 73 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Below we give the table showing the condition of crops on the first of August The figures indicate the percentage of an average crop North Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia Middle Georgia Average for State Aug 1st 98 94 95 86 94 93 Average July 1st 93 89 99 95 99 84 93 94 96 94 94 94 95 89 96 97 92 93 93 93 93 93 103 87 94 94 94 120 86 88 92 94 GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO 8 POTATO EXPERIMENTS GUSTAVE SPETH HORTICULTURIST The importance of the potato crop in some parts of our State especially near the larger cities or where shipping facilities exist have induced the Station to undertake various experiments in the culture of the potato The results of the experiments are published only as a matter of record since the season was of such a character as to prevent normal growth The spring season as also the preceding fall and winter has been vry abnormal The rain fall during November and December 1889 was only 44 inches against an average of 829 inches the same months for five years while the temperature was considerable higher than the average Amount of rainfall past six months Average for five years During January 1890213 5 78 February March April May June 207 252 135 670 183 513 684 571 254 315 Total for six months1660 2915 It will be seen by the above that there was 1255 inches less rain than called for by the average 74AUGUST CROP REPORT1890 Comparative Statement of the Temperature for the last six months with the average for the corresponding six months for past five years CD o T B oS 9 B s S 3 3 IS bo 0 Sk5 aa f 3 o O pfl x p t X g t CD S a S 1 i Eh 60 G 449 527 431 96 9 675 4957 5853 483 1023 5 616 746 4148 53 5154 638 540 622 246 4 16 6 4 824 6135 7187 696 227 7 916 688 802 768 34 6 Total for six months 4383 31910 37864 3540 2710 7305 5318 631 590 451 The influence of climatic and meteorological conditions upon the growth of vegetable life is a fact beyond dispute The production of a crop in one year is often far greater or less according to the variations of the sea son while preparation of the soil cultivation fertilization seed and all those conditions within our control are the same the increase or decrease of yield can only be due to meteorological conditions This is especially true of the potato its growth must be quick and uninterrupted to be suc cessful These conditions for early vegetables have been very unfavorable the heavy late frosts March 1st and 15th destroyed all early plantings the dry cold winds later and the absence of rain belated the germination of the seeds and the growth of the plants To these unfavorable climatic conditions we attribute the small yield of our potato crop etc while these experiments are far from being of great interest to the careful experimenter especially the experiment in fertiliza tion we withhold any conclusions The experiments began this year may be classified as follows 1 Test of varieties 2 Test of fertilizers 3 Test of seed from different localities 4 Preparation and amount of seed TEST OF VARIETIES The object of the experiment is to find among the many new varieties some more prolific and better adapted to our climate than the old standard sorts which are few in number and which are claimed to become more and more unreliable But so many new varieties amongst them old ones under a new name are every year put upon the market often without sufficient guaranty as 754 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA to their value that it is impossible for the average grower to test them all This is the work of the Experimental Station and the benefits our farm ers may derive from such experiments are incalculable The land on which the trial was made is a heavy clay loam sloping to wards the west and thoroughly underdrained was planted in corn the previous year producing with an application of about 200 pounds of com mercial fertilizer about fifteen bushels Previous history unknown The soil was thoroughly broken and subsoiled to a depth of ten inches well pulverized with the harrow the rows laid off three feet apart and four inches deep The fertilizer consisted of and at the rate per acre of 360 pounds cotton seed meal 320 pounds acid phosphate 640 pounds kainit 1320 pounds per acre Onehalf of which was applied by hand in the furrows before planting and thoroughly mixed with the soil The other half after the potatoes were planted and covered with about two inches of soil For seed medium to large sized potatoes were cut to two eyes in pieces of as nearly as possible the same weight Of each variety 104 hills were planted one foot apart in a row onehalf an acre long The stand was almost perfect and in no case more than three or four hills missing After the plants were well established those rows containing more than 100 hills were reduced to the same stand The potatoes were all cut and planted the same day March 13 and 14 cultivation almost level whenever required They were harvested July 13 each variety assorted in the field and carefully weighed Blight appeared in the beginning of June and at the time of digging all the vines of some varieties were dead while of others some were still green but all were more or less affected Wherever a variety was thus affected the growth of the tubers was arrested which accounts for the many small tubers and small yield of some varieties Potato blight is beyond question one of the most serious diseases we have to battle against Its ravages are so rapid that remedial measures seem to say the least doubtful How to prevent the disease must be our study and it is the object of the nation to inaugurate next year a series of experiments in this line 76AUGUST CROP REPORT1890 TABLE IGiving Yield of Variety per Plot and per Acre NAME OF VARIETY Alpha Arizona Albino Beauty of Hebron Burpees Superior Crown Jewel Charles Downing Clarks No 1 Delaware Dictator Empire State Early Gem E Maine E Minnesota E Oxford E Puritan E Ohio E Rose E Sunnie Early Vermont Garrleld Golden Flesh Lady Finger New Queen Morning Star Ohio Jr Pearl of Savoy Polaris Roses Beauty of Beauties Rural New Yorker Snow Queen Thorburn Triumph Vanguard Victory White Elephant YIELD PER PLOT 0 3 38 13 27 1TJ 24 23 141 15 19 25 28 31 15 19 10 26 18 17J 24 10 194 31 25 10J 27 31 16 13V 11 21 29 11 16 164 12 174 26 i 03 a in 31 61 5 5 44 5 24 4 8 6 6i m 64 6 8J 51 2 44 7 4 31 5 8 6 a 3 44 71 4 n 7 6 s i 2 2 34 4 2 J3 o 17 33 25 29 2SJ 23 24 26 35i 33 37 20 27 184 344 27 28i 32 184 24f 341 31 18 31 341 21 221 18 254 334 164 231 25 19 27 32J a si o oT h O W 31 414 80J 60i 70 69 574 58i 63 86 82 48 h 65j 44 83 65 69 77 44J 60 83 754 43 i 75i 83 52f 53 g 434 61 8l 374 564 604 474 66 78 much careful potato The striking difference in the yield of varieties grown under as the same conditions as possible is suggestive of the necessity of selection upon this depends to a great extent the profit or loss of culture TEST OF FERTILIZERS The only available ground for this experiment was a hard sandy clay soil devoid of any vegetable matter The plots were divided by a row of 77DEPARTMENT OP AGKICULTUREQEORGIA sBrt3itxingirlsi bM ft TABLE IIFertilizer lest on Irish Potatoes c s c ft FERTILIZERS APPLIED FORMULAS 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 Nothing 2 Stable Manure r CottonSeed Meal Acid Phosphate I Muriate Potash f CottonSeed Meal 360 Acid Phosphate Kainit f CottonSeed Meal I Kainit CottonSeed Meal I MuriatePotash Acid Phosphate I CottonSeed Meal f Acid Phosphate Kainit f Acid Phosphate I Kainit Acid Phosphate Nothing Nothing Acid Phosphate Kainit Kainit Muriate of Potash Muriate of Potash CottonSeed Meal CottonSeed Meal Acid Phosphat Kainit r CottonSeed Meal Acid Phosphate 320 I Muriate Potash 320 j Stable Manure g 000 Isothing I 220AUGUST CROP REPORT1890 The above table illustrates the condition of the soil and the effect of fer tilizers on poor soil the unfertilized plots producing the smallest yield tubers small none larger than a hens egg Potash in both forms gave the smallest increase Stable manure and complete fertilizers indicate the best results larger quantities of potash in either form combined with a complete fertilizer did not increase the yield but seemed rather injurious in the case of kaimt The same result is recorded when the potash salts have been used alone The percentage of increase where acid phosphate alone was used is quite marked but together with potash or cotton seed meal no gain is indicated Cotton seed meal alone shows a gain of about 50 per cent Where stable manure was applied the number of scabby potatoes was the largest as well also as the yield of marketable potatoes The results seem to warrant the conclusion that a fertilizer containing all the food elements in the same proportion and in available form as a good stable manure give the largest increase and that incomplete fertili zers while they show a gain over the unfertilized plots are not remuner ative A quick growing crop like the potato which has only a short time in which to mature cannot be grown successfully unless a bountiful supply of all the elements of plant food is provided that is the greatest yield is attained where the soil contains an excess of all the elements of plant food in available form over and above the requirement of the plant EFFECT OF PLANTING SEED OF VARIOUS SIZES In the experiment of comparing the productiveness of tubers cut to one or two eyes whole small potatoes and medium half tubers the weight of each is given below as there is too much latitude in what one may call small medium or large Weight of seed for 100 hills Medium tubers cut in half lengthwise8J pounds Small tubers 10J pounds Two eye cuttings from large tubers weighing 28 pounds to 100 potatoes5 pounds Oneeyecutting3J pounds The trial of different methods of cutting and the planting of different sizes of potatoes for seed has been the work of many stations and while we do not expect any great different results than those of other experi menters the climatic conditions and the short time in which this crop m our latitude must mature may be of sufficient importance as to allow the result The conclusions made by other experimenters might be thus ex Dressed The larger the quantity of seed planted the greater will be the yield From the report of the Agricultural Department at Washington for 79 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 1887 we quote the following remarks from an experiment made at Sandy Springs Md J We find that large potatoes planted whole yielded an increase of nearly three times as great as small potatoes cut to one eye while there is a toler ably uniform and regular decrease in the product in proportion as the size of the seed is diminished and as it is cut into small pieces We beg to reproduce the result of an experiment at the Maryland Exper imental Station under the direction of W H Bishop Beauty of Hebron T Merchantable Total Large whole potatoes 85 3 VV hole potatoes egg size 168 5g One piece usual cutting 131 7so One piece single eye 6 g5 with the following conclusion It will be seen that the yield in proportion to the size of seed as also the greater the number of eyes in the seed the larger the percentage of small potatoes s While much latitude must be left to the grower on account of cost of seed condition of soil etc in determining the quantity of seed we would ad vise in all cases to avoid extremes The use of large seed pieces is a question of economy governed by the price of seed and the value of the product large whole potatoes inducing too large growth of vines while small oneeye cuttings often fail to secure a good stand and often lack the vigor and power to withstand unfavorable meteorological conditions TABLE III NAME OF VARIETY Early Rose one eye cutting Early Rose two eye cutting Early Rose smallwhole Early Rose medium cut lengthwise Beauty of Hebron one eye Beauty of Hebron two eyes Beauty of Hebron small whole a 15 171 30 m 16 i 31 Beauty of Hebron medium cut lengthwise 26 03 S CO 7i 164 10 51 n 13 15 241 25 461 401 20 24 44 41 80AUGUST CROP REPORT1890 TABLE IKResults of Seed from Different Localities NAME OF VARIETY SOURCE OF SEED Albino Albino Beauty Hebron Beauty Hebron Beauty Hebron Clarks No 1 Clarks No 1 Empire State Empire State Oxford Oxford Puritan Puritan Early Onio Early Ohio Early Ohio Early Rose Early Rose Early Rose Early Rose Early Rose Rural New Yorker Rural New Yorker New Queen New Queen Dunmore Seedling YIELD PER 100 HILLSLBS Maine Ohio New York Boston Ohio New York Southern Seed Ohio Maine Ohio Maine Ohio New York Ohio 1 Maine Ohio 2 Southern Seed No 1 Southern Seed No 2 Boston New York Ohio Ohio Boston Ohio Boston Southern Seed i a o a o 17J 17 24 18 30 19 304 19 31 16 26 18 15 12 1J 23 30 284 264 24 264 20 29 16 27 54 a 5A 64 5 5 5 7 51 7i GJ 8J 83 44 64 54 8 34 74 6 74 21 2J 74 4J 5 03 s QQ o 4 6 2 34 2f 4 44 3 24J 25 29 23 35 26 35 31 394 301 344 27 24 204 284 32i 38 37 34 32 36 28 331 264 311 59 The potatoes were planted on the same plot as the variety test cultiva tion etc as nearly identical as possible Medium sized tubers were selected of almost the same size and cut to two eyes the weight of the seed of the varieties to be compared of as near ly as possible the same and they were cut and planted the same day in hills one foot apart and in rows onehalf an acre long giving 104 hills for every variety The seed was obtained from the most reliable sources the Southern grown seed from Savannah growers fall crop planted from tubers of the first crop which was raised from eastern seed It is the custom of our large potato growers to plant their main crop in spring from seed of the fall crop the seed for this crop is attained from the first or spring planting of eastern seed thereby renewing their seed every year As stated above the stand was almost perpect Ohio seed vegetated first 8110 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Southern seed last The growth of the Ohio seed in the first stage was remarkable but was soon distanced by Southern seed The later varieties bloomed freely while most of the other varietiesexcept Rural New York ershowed very few blooms all varieties were effected with blight some more than others Southern seeds and Bural New Yorkers showing the The results of the experiment direct decidedly in favor of southern grown seed and as with somewhat favorable condition a paying second crop can be produced very often larger than in spring we cannot strongly enough urge our farmers to raise their own seed The relative merits of eastern northern or western seed are not suffi ciently defined to warrant satisfactory conclusions and require further DRYING OF SEED BEFORE PLANTING To determine the difference of production if any of seeds cut within different times of planting medium sized tubers of the Early Rose varietv were selected and cut to three eyes ten and five days before and on day of plantmg soil and condition were the same as after previous experiment When cut Marketable Small Total JO days before planting ofi a on 5 ii i rfu Day of planting 26 4 3o The results are slightly in favor of cutting the day of planting but the season was dry while in a wet season the result might have been reversed on account of the dried pieces being better able to resist the tendency to rot before sprouting Further trials will be necessary before we can draw any positive conclusions 82AUGUST CROP REPORT1890 11 THE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE WHICH OUGHT TO BE GEN ERAL PROF GEORGES VTLEB CONTINUED Annual expenses of a farm of 250 acres Farm 48 per acre 12000 at 5 per cent 600 00 Repairs in keeping up farm Stock 32 per acre 8000 at 5 per cent 400 U Available capital 8000 at 5 per cent Rent of second class land at 10 per acre 2500 00 Bonusiofrent275 00 Taxes on farm and land Farm hands 100 to 140 per annum 0 00 140 00 ablbiy 200 00 Shepherd Farm servant and help 9 dQO no 20 horses at 12450 per annum 30 cows at 9124 per annum J 150 sheep at 584 per annum Jnn Seeds average per acre 2 J Cultivating 160 per acre w Harvesting 240 per acre Threshing 120 per acre Artificial fertilizers Manure of the farm Insurance of buildings and crops ono no Interest on available capital In oq Cost of lease TotalI1485320 Annual receipts of farm of 250 acres 85 acres wheat 25 bu per acre at 139 per bu 2953 75 1088 00 Straw 7 acres rye 26 bu at 60c per bu J Straw 20 acres barley 58 bu per acre at 75c per bu aw w 126 00 Straw Mm 27 acres oat 70 bu per acre at 50c per bu 22aCTes beets 22 acres rape 25 bu per acre at 130 per bu ilow12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA fraW 81 OO 6 acres flax sold on foot 40 0Q 55 acres artificial meadow 1123 2ft 11 acres winter forage 292 00 5 acres Irish potatoes 280 00 Cows calves milk butter cheese 3 85 00 heepfy io76oo Hogs fed on waste grain poultry 40 00 Manure of farm Total of receipts15310 35 ExPenses14853 20 Profit 3 TTTT S 457 15 You see that in one of the best cultivated departments in Francewhere land rents high per acre and only stable manure is used the return for wheat per acre is not over 25 bushels and beets 32000 pounds per acre This explains the small profits What must be done to change this condition of affairs and bring wheat returns to 40 bushels and beets to 52800 pounds Increase the amount of stock Increase the acreage in forage But to do this requires an increased outlay of 3200 per acre or 8000 00 Now with this increase of capital is it possible which I doubt to reach the profits hoped for Try to prove what it costs to increase cattleraising beyond a certain limit and you will realize that the manure is produced at a ruinous price nange the method by employing chemical fertilizers The advance per acre will be 8200 but only from 200000 to Sri 000 00 for the whole body of 250 acres The returns will rise to the figures aimed for the first year and this time the increased crop will be a real benefit equal to the amount of advance by the increased amount of manure You cannot deny that the new methods are more certain more rapid more economical and more profitable than the old methods If the results from 400 to 500 crops I have in my various lectures cited as proofs of the new method do not convince you think well of the inferior crops grown for many years on the farm of 250 acres just shown you Mr Antler who with marked distinction directs the farm of Saint Denis near Lechesne in the Ardennes 490 acres writes me My farm has the following rotation Beetswith 44400 pounds of stable manure Wheat Clover Oats Annual hays 84AUGUST CROP REPORT1890 13 11 Rapewith 28000 pounds stable manure u Wheat From these 72000 pounds of stable manure used for a period of 7 years I grew 21 to 26 bushels of wheat per acre 39 to 47 bushels of oats per acre 19 to 21 bushels of rape per acre With an additional outlay of 800 per acre for chemical fertilizers my crop rose this year to 40 bushels per acre of wheat on 150 acres 11 57 bushels per acre of oats on 57 acres 32 bushels per acre of rape on 27 acres The lands adjoining my farm are rich and worth doublemine m value but no chemical fertilizer is used on them The result is that my lands bring 30 per cent more than theirs do 85General Remarks Under this head correspondents may submit such inquiries as are of a practical nature in regard to agriculture etc If of sufficient general interest both inquiry and answer will appear in the next Crop Report also any sug gestions they think calculated to benefit the agricultural interestsSpecial Circular No 91 1 New Series Questions for Crop Report October 1890 To be Returned to the Department by the First Day of October From present indications what will be the total yield in your County compared with an average total yield of the following crops h Cottonper cent 2 Damage by rust or other causes per Ilt 3 Corn per cent 4 Sugar Caneper cent 5 Rieeper cent 6 Sweet Potatoespercent Tobaccopercent 8 Prospect for Pork compared with last yearper cent Your Name P O County overCircular No 132 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1890 Returned to the Department of Agriculture October 1 1890 State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga October 8 1890 GENERAL REMARKS Since the last crop report was issued from this Department August 8th 1890 disasters to all field crops have occurred These disasters began with drouth in North Georgia followed by excessive rains In other sections of the State the rains were excessive in July and August causing rust to appear in every section especially damaging in the large cotton producing section To estimate the amount of decrease in two months we give below comparative tables which with the notes from correspondents which follow will give a comprehensive idea of the extent of the injury and the causes which led to it Cotton Corn Bugar ml cane Rice Sweet Potates Prspect for pork Tobacco SECTION M 3 s s Auglst Oct 1st Auglst DQ O C u 3 5 O M 3 O to o c 98 94 95 86 94 93 82 81 80 74 80 79 89 99 95 99 84 93 86 94 93 96 81 90 9b 89 96 117 92 93 93 97 89 99 9 1 96 89 94 7 93 97 9b 193 93 103 87 94 94 94 95 96 91 97 96 98 95 96 94 99 9 95 88 96 Geueral average for State 964 95 COTTON It will be observed that the average for cotton has declined in North Georgia 16 points in East Georgia 18 points in Southeast Georgia 15 points in Southwest Georgia 12 points in Middle Georgia 14 points and for the State 13 35 points CORN is off in the State 3 points2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA SUGAR CANE has an increase of about 2 points RICE is off 6 points SWEET POTATOES a slight increase The excessive rains for more than two weeks past have done fearful damage to cotton corn and peas To cotton in causing it to sprout in the bur being beaten out and by the cracked bolls rotting We do not over estimate the damage to cotton when we place it at least at 25 per cent To corn the damage is fully as great while to peas it is even greater NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEOROHA BanksThe freshet has damaged all bottom corn 50 per cent ten per cent of upland corn is on the ground rotting peas are damaged no oats sown owing to so much rainW 1 B BartowOwing to the inefficiency and scarcity of labor I am thoroughly convinced that agriculture to be suc cessful must be diversified and conducted on the intensive plan and the cotton crop displaced to a large extent by grass and stockA F W ChattoogaIt has been cloudy for near two weeks and much rain has fallen and the prospects are that the wet weather spell is yet unbroken Cotton is rotting in the fields late fodder not pulled and the outlook is gloomy indeedW F T Dade The cotton seed sent out last spring is too late for this locality under the same cultivation as the common variety The weed is five feet high and no bolls open while the common variety is two and abalf feet high and full of open bolls All other seeds sent out from your office did well Your red clover seed was nothing but the same red clover that I have sown for years The Italian rye grass cant stand dry weather but requires low lauds for its successful growth Some hog cholera in this section The best remedy for it is Jerusalem oak or warm seed and the common wild senna or indigo weed Give hogs warm seed all they will eat then at the expiration of twelve hours give them a large feed of senna Try it G A R B DadeWe can not make more than half the wheat we did in 187071 but corn and oats yield about the same we raise very little cottonG J S DawsonIt has been raining with wind from the east for the last nine days and cotton picking has been greatly retarded and the cotton and pea crops much damaged The farmers are very gloomy but are not much in debt The Alliance has been a success in this section of the StateJ C S FloydA short corn crop will of course make 90OCTOBER CROP REPORT1890 short porkF C FranklinWe have had ten days rain all the low lands have been overflowed corn and cotton badly damaged but cannot tell what the damages will be yetJ K S Gordon Corn on up lands was never poorer cotton late and an early frost would cut off 25 per cent rust damaged considerably and recent rains have damaged open cotton O H D Rauldingls there anything in the moon in planting seed or grain If so at what stages Sow your wheat on an elevated close clay land as possible prepare the land well fertilize and sow as early as practicable sow one bushel or more of salt to the acre in early spring to prevent fliesP P McB PolkMost of the cotton will be low grade owing to the fact that there was so much open in the field during the heavy rain storm labor is scarce and it is a hard matter to get it picked R T P Rabun The lucerne or alfalfa sent me sown April 1st did not get more than onefourth stand it is the first and all that I have seen in the county cannot give an opinion as to the final result will try it next year and report progress The McCullough early oats and red clover sown on same day a sorry stand of oats got about same amount of seed back ripened early with no rust while other varieties in the neighborhood was badly injured got a good ketch of clover and is doing quite well Vicks early watermelon seed sent me did pretty well They were of good size and flavor and I think they will do well here when they become climatized as melons invariably do better after the first year when brought from a southern lattitude F A B WalkerDont think of anything now that would be of interestC D P WhiteWould like to know some mans experience in sheep raising Will it pay to pasture them when they have plenty of shade grass water and high ground to lie in in the heat of day Father grandfather and most all the old men say that sheep will not do well in pastures I cannot see why and want to know the reason F L D Whitfield Wet weather for over a week and great damage is being done to cotton and other cropsW C R Terracing is the plan for saving hill lands I have been trying it for five years finding it far superior to ditches which I tried for fifteen years Ditches have to have fall enough to clean themselves and in that goes the cream of your land and is forever lost When the terrace is used it checks the flow of the water at the terrace and that which you lost by ditch you save by terrace making a rich bed for several rows of cornJ F G EAST GEORGIA Laurensln counties in which the nofence law is not in operation would not the passage of a law prohibiting male cattle and male swine over one year old running at large except by paying a special tax of ten dollars for each male hog per year and twenty dollars for each male cow beast be very beneficial Would like to hear from you and othersT J B MontgomeryOwing to the continued rains the gathering of crops has been greatly retarded Cotton and field peas are being damaged and will if the rain continues many days longer amount to serious loss to the 91DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA farmers of this sectionG M F Mc Cottonpicking goes on very slow as it rains more or less every day till it is sprouting in the bollT F W Screven In the application of 1000 pounds per acre of any guano would it not be better to apply a larger per cent of it broadcast and plow under W C JB TatnalLThe continued rains are ruining the sea island cot ton the only kind planted here All other crops are goodJ H Telfair The rainy season still continues Cotton is in a very bad conditiontoo wet to gather and is sprouting in the bolls no sunshine for several days Corn is badly blown down and is sprouting and rotting and no chance for housing as it is so wet that teams and wagons will mire in the fields in many placesW F W WilkinsonCotton has had a terrible time for the last four days More rain has fallen than has fell all the year bridges washed away cotton beaten outJ A M SOUTHEAST GEORGIA CoffeeCotton promised a fair yield until August 15th when the dry and hot weather set in and caused it to shed off its leaves and stop growing It is now opening prematurely and the grade is not as good as it was last year or even as was expectedJ B EffinghamCotton wasting in fields impossible to hire hands to pick labor worthlessF R T Glynn I have a colt afflicted with blind teeth and lampers at the same time Would like to know a remedy for bothJ R D WareWould it not pay to circulate sorghum seed also tobacco seed We have asoil that seems to suit both Flax does welltwo crops a year The buckwheat you sent me is a marvel for increase nothing better Turnip and rutabaga seed sent came up good and now looking fine Much obliged forall past favorsJ M S SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BrooksHog crop fine corn good pinders good cotton ruined by rain and boll wormsJ W H To place an estimate on the cotton is diffi cult No full crops and many men will make less than half crop a few as low as a third Wet weather and boll worms are the cause of the failure Never saw anything like it before Both farmer and merchant despon dent R I D Calhoun Cotton was badly damaged by too much rain the latter part of July With a late fall some places will make a top crop Hogs are reported by some to be in fine condition and more than usual will be ready for porkF P G EarlyRain 872 inches for September The low prices of cotton and present misty and gloomy weather are de pressing to the farmers and nothing but politics keep them alive D M W IrwinCotton is cut short by rust and the continued wet weather Corn sugar cane sweet potatoes are as fine as ever were pro duced in this section Stock of all kinds in good conditionJ P Lee The month of August was very dry and hot also the first half of Septem ber On the 14th we had a very good rain but subsequent hot days soon left us dry again with no more rain except an occasional light Shower until the 24th then we had a very good rain Some portions nOCTOBER CROP REPORT1890 5 of the county have had too much rain interfering seriously with cotton picking R P J ColguittThe great object of every farmer should be to improve the soil which he cultivates by keeping it well sup plied with vegetable matter How can that best be doneF J W MIDDLE GEORGIA Baldivin Will it answer as well to put green cotton seed and acid in ground in February and bed on it for corn and cotton as to compost it and then bed on itJ D M CampbellCotton is damaged by worm and too much rain the seed has sprouted in the boll farmers are behind in picking hands cant be had Stock in flue condition Farmers are hope ful The Alliance is having a good effectJ S D The unprecedented wet weather for the last two months has been very injurious to cotton causing it to rust Boll worms are more destructive than usual The fine warm sunshiny days have caused it to open at least two weeks earlier than common The crop will be shortJ J B CarrollWhen and how should red clover be planted on red stiff land I N R ClaytonThe rains on the 24th of September did considerable damage to cotton in the fleid A P A ColumbiaCottonpicking slow been raining for five weeks S C L For twelve or fourteen days we have had excessive rams This coupled with the ravages of the rust has greatly damaged all matur ing crops especially cotton corn and peas The full damage can hardly beestimated since the clouds are still threateningA E C Coweta From experiments which variety of cotton by name has proven the best allpurpose cotton for Middle Georgia Has it ever been demonstrated what is the actual average cost to produce a pound of seed cotton m Mid dle Georgia Also the average cost to produce a bushel of corn W b b mbert We are at this date having heavy rains and some wind from the northeast There is a great deal of open cotton in the fields and the prob ability is that much of it will be blown out of the bolls and greatly dam aged if not entirely lost Most of the cotton is now open and no fall or late crop of bolls on the stalks Farmers are holding their cotton as much as possible for higher pricesJ D B FayetteV to the 23d of Septem ber the seasons were all that could have been desired both for opening and gathering the cotton crop Since then we have had an excess of rainy cloudy weather which is interfering with the picking and has already damaged the crop to a considerable extent Never in the history of our country has there been so much cotton opened and unpicked m the fields There is a universal demand for pickers some are paying 55 cents and board for picking The crop is fully half openedJ G P Hancock The cotton crop is badly injured by continued rain and freshets m the creeks I think onefourth of the crop is out and sproutedthat is all that was open October lstJ W C HenryThe damage to cotton can not be told at present This is the eighth day of storm and rain The sun has shone but very little in that time Cotton has blown out and sprouted on the ground that in the bolls has commenced sprouting 9o6 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA If this weather lasts long it will all be lost Cotton has opened very fast and could not be picked out as it opened The green bolls are rotting It is very cloudy and damp and things look gloomyJ M Mel McDuffie Only six clear days this month and rain on fourteen days with no sun to dry off the cotton It is rotting badly in the field as well as in the burr and boll The seed is sprouting in the burr Will lose in quantity and quality Corn and speckled or unknown peas are rotting badly Cant estimate the damage until we see the end as it is raining now September 28th and over seven inches of water has fallen already this monthA E s MeriwetherThere is very little rust in cotton but a rainy spell in the summer just after a few weeks drouthR M McC Monroe Agriculture would advance fifty per cent if the Legislature would pass some stringent vagrant law and enable the farmer to control the labor As it is now his chances are just as good at the faro table A man farming with the pres ent control of labor will live only about twothirds of his allotted time K C T NewtonSow rye in October on all thin or washed land if clay Turn under in the spring and plant speckled peasT A W Oconee The continued rain and cloudy weather has damaged the cotton fully ten per cent in this county in the last ten daysF D H OglethorpeHve just had equinoctial gale heavy rain corn and cotton damagedC A S Ninety per cent of the cotton crop is now open and the bad weather is dam aging it very much The grade will be low We cannot get it picked out but a great effort is being made to pick it and the crop will all soon be out and on the marketJ M There is now open in the fields fifty per cent of the cotton crop which is destroyed and damaged to the amount of fully twenty per cent by the past and still raging storm and rain There is now no present indications of clear weatherJno T H Taliaferro Farmers have not been able to pick cotton over fifteen days out of the last thirty Water is now over the bottom corn The amount of the damage cannot yet be estimated Never saw as much cotton in the field at this date or in worse condition Fully eighty per cent of cotton picked to date has been damaged by rainD N 8 WaltonThe crop of cotton is ten to fifteen days earlier than ever known Twothirds opened onethird gathered and the continuous rains of late have stopped all progress at gathering Today is cloudy and rainy All are anxious to see the clouds lift up and let us be moving The crop will be much shorter than we antic ipatedJ E N The cotton crop is greatly damaged by excessive rains and winds for two weeks past It is much blown out and beaten into the ground and is sprouting in the hull Corn and peas also badly damaged J M G WarrenRain rain and mistyno sunshine for a week and the end not yet Cotton and peas rotting badly The fowls are dying with sorehead What is the remedy D W R Use sulphur and ashes freely on your turnips cabbage and collards and you will destroy the bugs and wormsJ A 8 WUhesOur cotton outlook has fallen from 110 August 15th to 85 to 90 October 1st due to cool northeast winds through August and to rust and rain later F W B 94OCTOBER CHOP REPORT1890 THE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE WHICH OUGHT TO BE GENERAL BY PROF GEORGE VILLE The present condition of agriculture demands a free use of chemical fertilizers and the system of farming which produces the most profit from the use of them In other words intensive cultivation by permanent importation ot chemical fertilizersthe keep of only such stock as is profitable and the breaking away from the pretended necessity of producing barnyard manure no matter at what cost The doctrine of chemical fertilizers is opposed to the old formula meadow stock cereals and gives instead the new methodcereals well fertilizedmeadow well fertilizedstock With the old method stock is a necessity and the keystone of the system with the new system stock is of no greater value than the other products of the farmis raised only for the profits they bring by their saleor only such a number kept as are needed for work and to eat part of the crops not profitable to sell Fertilize the soil with chemical fertilizers for they are in the end the most economical you know what you are using and can give each plant the food best suited to its nature Is not this clear enough The old method kept thf meadow to compensate for losses made by the sale of crops cereals being particularly exhausting We on the contrary require tbat part of the elements of restitution be given by the free use of chemical fertilizers The contrast is complete I beg you notice this is no question of science or of theory but of practice Cultivation without sufficient fertilizing material is a veritable scourge The least increase with the use of barnyard requires an outlay of 240 to 3 20 per acre and 150 to 200 of this sum is invested in implements An advance of 150 per acre in the use of chemical fertilizers is sufficient for intensive culture and the outlay is returned by the profits the first year In cultivating with barnyard manure you are held down by the relative position of stock and crop Except for the necessary outlay in preparing the soil or spreading the fertilizer on the meadow you can with the use of chemical fertilizers fatten cattle or raise stock as suits your market You have entire libertyfreeing your capital lapidlyby giving the soil more phosphoric acid potash lime and nitrogen than the crops took from it What cares vegetation how the elements of fertility originated so they are given in a soluble and available form 95DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA What matters then if the restitution is made in the form of barnyard manure or of chemical fertilizer if practical experience has proved to you that equally rich chemical fertilizers are superior to barnyard manure provided you are very careful to give the soil more than it has lost The price of beef is high and is rising instead of falling Many believe that with one head of beef to two acres thirtynine to fortyfive bushels of wheat can be grown per acre Under these conditions the industry of agriculture would be at its apogee Without contradicting this opinion I will show you that there is no drawback to bringing your soil rapidly to such returns per acre Associate chemical fertilizer with barnyard manurefollowing the rules I have frequently given youand your dreams will become accomplished facts Give the dominant of each plant in the form of chemical fertilizer with barnyard manure and you will obtain two effects All the crops will reach the highest limit The meadow may be reduced by onehalf or at least onethird to the profit of the crops for sale Under these new conditions two rules sum up the whole art of agricul ture 1st Rigorously obey the law of full restitution and fertilize the meadow 2nd Regulate the composition of the auxiliary fertilizer on the principle of the dominant If it is true that chemical fertilizers are equal to barnyard manure in effectyou know they are superiorif they are equal in priceyou know they are lessthe use of these fertilizers used as they should be must transform our agriculture The celebrated Prof Leconteax says There is very slow increase of crops on lands bringing six to thirteen bushels of wheat per acre if barn yard manure alone is used Farmers have worked many years with the sweat of their brow and found to their cost that cultivating with barnyard manure alone is a very slow business The doctrine of chemical fertilizers leads the way to cereals and indus trial plantsmeadowstock instead of meadow stock and cereals as was formerly taught by the leaders of agriculturethis path leads to a revolu tion in agriculturethe greatest that has ever been started and we must hold firmly to it The famous farms of Bechelbrown and Grignon are proofs of the slow progress to be made by the exclusive use of barnyard manure The Chamber of Commerce at Cambray had the happy thought of pre paring for general information the balance sheet of a farm of 250 acres convinced that this was the only way of giving a correct idea of the agri culture of the country 8 fSe result 8hwed the annual outlay of a farm of this size was 1536400 receipts 1491600 profits 44800 The question under discussion is too grave a one to be answered bv a bare statement The details must be given CONTINUED 96Report commissioner of Jigrioiiltiiro STATE OF GEORGIA EMBRACING THE YEARS 1889 1890 J T HENDERSON Commissioner ATLANTA GA Geo W Harrison State Printer Press of Jas P Harrison Co 1890 121Cieculae No 134 New Seeies REPORT To His Excellency John B Gordon Governor SirIt is made my duty under the organic act establish ing this Department to submit to you a report of my steward ship for the past two years ending September 30th 1890 OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES It is gratifying to report the almost unvarying good health with which all have been blest during the two years last past Comparatively few changes have been made either among the officers or the inspectorial corps during the time to which allu sion has been made The most notable change that has occurred was that of Col R J Redding who left the Department on the 1 st of September 1889 to take the Directorship of the Georgia Experiment Station at Griffin Ga to which he had been called a few months previous by a unanimous vote of the Directors Col Redding having been connected with the Department of Ag riculture ilmost from the date of its organization down to his promotion to the Directorship of the Experiment Station ren dered him familiar with every detail of the law by which it was governed His scientific attainments were of a high order and his capabilities otherwise rendered him eminently useful I con gratulate the Station and the State upon procuring the services of a man during the infancy of the Station who possesses so many superior combinations Dr N A Pratt faithfully served the Department for more than a year in the capacity of Mineralogist but he resigned his position on the first day of July 1889 On the same day of his resignation Professor John M McCandless wasjtwteilgdand still 123 holds the office of Mineralogist In consequence of the dis covery of phosphates in the State of Florida causing as it did a corresponding activity throughout the lower tier of counties in Georgia the office of Mineralogist has been of large importance to the States named Notwithstanding Professor McCandless lays no special claim to superiority in the line of mineralogy yet from results I am sure he underrates his own efficiency in that direction I regard him as an expert in that branch of science Samples brought him led to the discovering of phosphate beds in Southern Georgia In the months of February and March Inspector S R Mur phy having a somewhat protracted case of sickness while en gaged in his vocation at Savannah Ga and the pressure of busi ness being very heavy during those months it became necessary to supersede him for the time being with another man This I accordingly did by the appointment of Captain Pearce Home of Dalton who had been previously appointed an Inspector of Oils on January ist 1890 The promotion ot Col Redding to the Directorship of the Ex periment Station necessitated the filling of his vacancy which was accordingly done on the 1st of October 1889 by the ap pointment of Col J O Waddell to the Chief Clerkship of the Department which position was generally denominated within the office that of Assistant Commissioner I am gratified to say his urbane manners as well as the large fund of useful knowledge which he possessed have already won for him a high degree of popularity and the promise of increasing usefulness I can point to no higher evidence of these facts than his recent promotion to the presidency of that old and honored institution the Georgia State Agricultural Society Capt A F Wooley having resigned the Inspectorship of Fer tilizers on the first day of October 1889 a position which he had acceptably filled for two previous years was instantly con tinued in the oil position at Rome the place whereat he resided at that time On the same day Capt Wooleys vacancy of Fertilizer In spector at Savannah was supplied by the appointment of Capt 1245 F D Wimberly of Twiggs county Georgia who for the last preceding twelve months has discharged the arduous duties at that post The Department then stands officered at present as follows viz J T Henderson Commissioner T O WaddellAssistant Commissioner W 8 DeWolfCommissioners Clerk J m McCandless Mineralogist W B Henderson Fertilizer Clerk H C WhiteChemist F D WimberlyInspector at Savannah Randolph RidgelyInspector at Augusta M D IrwinInspector at Toccoa W B Tones Inspector at Atlanta J L Anderson Inspector at Atlanta S R Murphy Inspector at Atlanta H H Cary Superintendent of Fisheries Lb CliftonEntomologist FERTILIZERSINSPECTORS Since my last report to your Excellency there has been no change in the manner of inspecting fertilizers and but one change in the law concerning the business of fertilizers The extra session of the last Legislature reduced the inspection fee from 50c to ioc per ton It will be remembered that in my report made two years ago on pages 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 I ad vised a reduction in this fee That it was greatly in excess of the cost of inspection That if the fee was not reduced the surplus derived from this source should be exclusively devoted to the use and benefit of our farmers who were unequally and unjustly taxed This position was combatted on the ground First That it would take a large sum from the general school fund Second That the price of fertilizers would not be re duced by reason of a reduction of the fee and third That the manufacturer paid the fee and as this was the only tax paid by foreign manufacturers to the State the inspection fee should remain Whatever of difference of opinion may be entertained on this subject one fact is undeniable The work under the new fee rate moves smoothly along the people are satisfied and the price of fertilizers has been reduced 125For ease and convenience of reference I beg to incorporate the following tabulated information in relation to the details of the inspection and analysis as taken from the records of my office total number of tons of commercial fertilizers inspected during the seasonsof 188889 and 188990 fractioes omitted Inspectors and Stations Season o 188889 Tons 1 of 6365839 A F Woolley Savannahv F D Wimberly SavannahI Randolph Ridgely Augusta 5434950 S R Murphy Hamilton 3256633 J L Anderson Atlanta 1956550 W B Jones Atlanta 20 42188 M Irwin Toccoa 1230776 Pearce Home Atlanta February and March 771514 632424 135844 407281 438963 400334 94763 20286936 2881123 NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS MADE DURING EACr THE SEASONS OF INNS 89 ND 1889 90 AND THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF EACH INSPECTION Season of 188889 Season of 188990 Inspectors No of Inspections Average aint of each Tons No of Inspections Average amt of each Tons F D Wimberly 829 608 106 183 385 337 85 R Ridgely S R Murphy J L Anderson A F Woolley M D Irwin 702 242 103 206 684 287 77 L34 189 1111 93 42 104 128 114 118 111 Pearce Home 1 2224 91 2983 96 126COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last sixteen seasons There were inspected during the season of 18745 tsoi nS There were inspected during the season of 18756 oodlb tons There were inspected during the season of 1876 1iit I I There were inspected during the season of 18778 W ius There were inspected during the season of 18789 85049 tons There were inspected during the season of 187980 119583 ll There were inspected luring the season of 18801 152404 tons There were inspected during the season of 18812 Uo4J7 tons There were inspected during the season of 18823 tAJc nl There were inspected during the season ot 18834 jvniv There were inspected during the season ot 18845 lLd tons There were inspected during the season of 8856 00o tons There were inspected during the season of 886 166078 tons There were inspected during the season of 18878 08007 tons There were inspected during the season of 18889 202869 tons There were inspected during the season ot 188990 J8u tons Total for sixteen years2228 579 tons Average per season COMPARATIVE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR THIRTEEN SEASONS SEASON 18778 18789 187980 18801 18812 18823 18834 18845 18856 18867 18878 18889 188990 Expenses Deduetd irom Fees Re ceived 3 t v d 5i 5 t ci o O a x o P ft w o h a 5 P Salaries 01 Chemist and In spectors drawn from the Treasury A 93478 85049 119583 L52464 125426 L25377 151850 170154 160705 166078 208007 202869 288112 4673911 42524 59791 75986 62713 62688 75915 85072 80352 83039 104004 101434 29932 1608 2053 2582 3289 2882 2843 3781 4110 3910 3515 4254 4358 0350 436 65 434 50 459 41 600 14 778 10 881 60 1110 35 1836 52 1720 84 2102 16 45131 40472 57210 72260 59397 60027 71534 80184 75560 78307 97913 95355 21480 3000 3000 2900 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3250 3000 3000 16600 0204 4871 5200 6146 6816 6400 7000 7200 7200 9393 9000 8059 35531 31268 49438 64060 50251 50811 02134 70184 65361 68107 S5270 83355 10421 Total 2049152 910189 45535 10366 271 855430 39150 90089 726191 13 Months 127REPORTS OF THE STATE CHEMIST The Final Reports of Prof H C White giving a general statement of the amount and character of the analytical work done for the two years are consol idated as follows FERTILIZER ANALYSIS 18889 188990 Regular samples420 467 Special samples for farmers 66 69 Duplicates 2 Total fertilizer analysis486 538 These were divided as follows Complete fertilizers Guanos330 357 Acid phosphates with ammonia 7 2 Acid phosphate with potashS 50 38 Acid phosphate simple 73 90 Chemicals etc 96 5 MISCELLANEOUS ANALYSIS Artesian and mineral waters 12 15 Minerals ores etc 8 25 Other Materials 3 7 INSPECTION OF OILS From a period long anterior to my connection with the Agri cultural Department I was rendered familiar through the news papers of the State with the frequent losses of life resulting from the low grades of illuminating oils authorized then by law mak ing the fire test only no One of my earliest efforts in the line of reform after coming into office was in calling the attention of the General Assembly to the defect in the old law and to seek by a bill of a more explicit character to place that important com modity upon a higher plane than it had hitherto occupied The law previous to the act of 1881 was defective in very many particulars prominent among which was the fire test of 110 instead of 120 as it now stands and the additional failure to make the Inspectors amenable to any other authority whatever There was no requirement for them to report the amount of gal lons inspected so that the authorities and the people through them could be advised of the Commercial status of that growing industry This law of 1881 defective as it is was many steps in advance of anything that had hitherto existed and I feel more than compensated for the efforts I made in that direction In 128mv report of 1887 and 18881 used the following language which will be equally as appropriate now and to which I invite yTheaTema0rkable decrease in the last few years in the number of accidents attributable to the use of low grade illuminating oils must be credited largely to the legislation of x x winch resulted in the establishment of the present system of Oil Inspection and the elevation of the standard from no degrees fire test to 120 degrees It is comparatively rare to hear or read of an accident of this sort simply because the standard has been raised and the inspection law is more rigidly enforced than ever be ore The act of 1881 provides that The said Inspectors oil shall be appointed by the Commissioner of Agriculture one for each county in the State in which in his judgment the quantity of such oils sold render the presence of an Ir Provided that in those counties in which Inspector of are appointed they shall be ex officio Inspectors of Oils and no other Inspectors of Oils shall be appointed in said counties Under the Fertilizer Inspection Law the Commissioner is au thorized to appoint not exceeding six Inspectors of Fertilizers These six Inspectors of Fertilizers had been uniformly located one at each of the principal cities in the StateAtlanta Savan nah Augusta Macon Brunswick and Columbus Under the Oil Inspection law they became at once ex officio Inspectors of oils in the counties including these cities The course of the oil trade has concentrated the business of selling oils in these larger cities The result has been that the Inspectors of Fertilizers in the capacity of ex officio Inspectors of Oils have inspected by far the greater part of the oils sold in the State and received a cor responding share of the inspection fees Having no authority to reduce the fees for inspecting oils or power to change the course of trade my only resource was to practically separate the two officers by discontinuing the appointment of Inspectors of Fertili zers in the counties including the cities just named The ettect of this change has been practically to divert the business of in specting oils and the fees arising therefrom from the Inspectors 0f Fertilizers in the larger cities already named to the originally appointed Oil Inspectors10 The following statement shows the number of gallons of oil inspected by each of the Inspectors of Oils in the State the amount of fees received by each and the totals for the State for each of the years ending respectively September 30 1889 and September 30 1890 REPORT OF OILS INSPECTED CURING THE YEARS ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1889 AND SEP TEMBER 30 1S9O INSPECTION DISTRICT Atlanta Savannah Augusta Macon Columbus Koine Athens Dalton Brunswick season t888 4 1889 season 1889 1890 Gallons 780059 526242 275000 304000 287250 100 ISO 103400 62950 Fax 4031 50 2671 04 1389 70 1520 00 1457 7 ooi u 772 50 629 50 Gallons 948600 619163 378678 282164 205444 155952 93602 34984 88409 Ft 1 8 4071 00 3130 83 1022 12 1410 82 1505 83 1284 32 765 84 349 84 ss4 09 Total 24000S1 13733 4 28969961 16224 69 The following shows the total number of gallons of oil in spected and fees received for each year since the present law went into operation The law went into effect on January i 1882 Tota Gallons Oil v 1 Inspected me months ending Sept 30 1882 1 cm 30 18831 wKOfto Year ending Sept 30 1884 30 1885 30 isso 30 1887 30 1888 170211 1707020 2103317 2327678 2608296 l88 2499081 S0 1890Jg Total for 8 years and 9 months18699973 Total Fees Rect tied 6549 22 10710 02 1 1040 77 10570 27 12500 35 13707 24 I 1883 38 13733 41 16224 69 Si 10040 39 DISTRIBUTION OF SEED By reference to the numerous reports which I have had the honor to submit to your Excellency and your predecessors from year to year it will be seen that the matter of distribution of seeds of various kinds have received a fair share of my attention In the beginning of my administration I paid almost exclusive at 13011 tention to field varieties only To the dominant staple corn and cotton I gave the most particular attention Around these I have managed to weave in many that though less im portant were in the highest degree necessary to make up a diversified agriculture In addition to the various field varieties I soon found a clamor existed for a better variety of garden seeds than were then in use For several seasons I gratified this demand by a liberal distribution of the best varieties of seed that could be procured in the best northern markets Expres sions of the warmest approval at the introduction of the choice varieties have come up from the good housewives all over the State But feeling that I was departing too far from my origi nal plans of farm improvements I again determined to go back to it though in a modified wav Having long been of the opinion that sooner or later Georgia would become a measurably stock raising State I thought it well to to make a beginning on that line So in addition to the staples already alluded to I made the largest distributions this year of grass ever before at tempted in this State I say the largest because of the area that was intended to be reached and not because of the dollars and cents that were expended in the purchase My appropriation was too limited to furnish each county more than enough of the grasses and legumes for a test of adaptability in small plats in each county of the State Small plats were considered preferable to large areas for the reason that the average Georgia farmer having been trained in youth almost exclusively to cultivate staple crops only would necessarily acquire proficiency slowly in this new field of enterprise It is hoped that general inter est was felt over the State in the preparation and cultivation of these grasses and legumes for it is high time the farmers of Georgia were supplying their home markets with beef and pork that can be obtained now only from Chicago and other north western markets Inspired therefore with the hope of a better ment of the agricultural interest of the whole State I was led to this distribution of the grasses and legumes In my report for 188891 stated my only regret in connection with the work of distributing seeds is the want of more funds for their purchase 13112 and distribution on a more extensive scale The distribution this season was made under a greater shortage of money than that of perhaps any former one having to apply about twelve hundred dollars of my small appropriation to the purchase of di gests for the collection of agricultural and manufacturing statis tics required under what is known as the Calvin Act of 1889 GLANDERS A disease known as Equinine Glanders has prevailed and I have reasons to believe is now prevailing quite extensively throughout the State In consequence of it there has been much anxiety among farmers and livery men Very many inquiries for relief have been made by citizens of the State through the Commissioner of Agriculture It will be remembered that your Excellency sent a special message to the legislature at its last session asking that some action betaken by that honorable body looking to the enactment of a law to prevent the spread of con tagious diseases among horses cattle and other domestic animals of the State I regret to say that the special message above alluded to for some cause unknown to me received no attention at their hands Notwithstanding the frequency of their urgent requests I was by this nonaction left to the meager authority now upon the statute books covered by the nth section of the law which established the Department of Agriculture and which is as follows Said Commissioner may report in the manner as hereinbe fore set forth upon any matter or subject that he may deem of interest to the agriculture of this State With my hands thus tied but deeply impressed with the necessity of some immediate action I again sought relief through your Excellency who was also similarly impressed with the necessity for immediate action The shortness of the contingent fund then on hand prevented any relief in that direction and the annual appropriation to the Department of Agriculture be ing additionally taxed for the printing of Agricultural and Man ufacturing Digests required by what is known as the Calvin Act placed me in quite a dilemma as to funds to meet the expenses 13213 of a veterinarian A diagnosis of the diseases incidental to live stock by a competent surgeon was indispensible under these cir cumstances Accordingly 1 employed Dr J N Cook a regu lar graduate in Veterinary Surgery resident in Atlanta and I sent him throughout the State with instructions to report thereon Before doing so however I took the precaution in the absence of any well defined law to get the written authority of your Excellency instructing me in the premises This you cheer fully did believing no doubt you were subserving the best inter ests of the agriculturists of the State Dr T N Cook the veterinarian in some of his early investi gationsfound in some cases though it was well defined glanders That owners thereof were unwilling to destroy the animalstill no doubt entertaining the hope of its recovery Seeing that a mere diagnosis of a fatally contagious disease and an unwilling ness on the part of the owner to cremate or bury the same the veterinarian was advised in all such cases to exact a promise of termination before his opinion of the fatality of the disease was given After that I was informed by him of the faith u fulfilment of promises made I am satisfied that this fearful contagion still exists but I am also satisfied that the summary treatment above recommended has greatly lessened its preva lence As far as the veterinarian could ascertain this disease was introduced by Texas ponies which of late years have poured into the State in great numbers through the various railroad gTthinyk it well that the General Assembly at an early session should enact some law by which to protect our people from the importations of these fatally infected animals Hitherto com plaints of glanders in Georgia have been almost entirely un known Now all sections are loud in their lamentations In the absence of a better suggestion a system of quarantine might be resorted to that would be largely protective m its char acter In any event I would suggest the passage of a law to provide for veterinary services clothing him with power to order the destruction of all animals afflicted with incurably con tagious maladies At the same time I think it would be the b 13314 part of wise legislation to provide for the reimbursement either in whole or in part for the owners of such property Herewith I have the honor to append the report of the vet erinarian which I trust will receive due consideration at the hands of the General Assembly GENERAL REMARKS The last of the several terms of my official life as Commissioner of Agriculture is rapidly drawing to a close It has been longer than an average and not wholly uneventful I went into office under the administration of Governor now Senator Colquitt in the month of September 1879 Previous to and at that time there was no systemized method of analysis in the United States each laboratory having a method of its own I had the honor of calling a convention of chemists which assembled in Washington D C in July 1880 which after a session of two days succeeded m establishing what was long known as the Washington method About four years subsequently a similar convention composed of the leading chemists of the Union were convened by the same authority n convention at Atlanta By this time it having met with popular favor everywhere where there was a laboratory at tention being called to its importance it was then permanently adopted as a Guild in the American Association for the advance ment of science There it has remained ever since and as the Mecca to which our State Chemist in common with all other sci entists makes an annual pilgrimage Early in 1881J saw that our laws giving the sale and fire test of illuminating oils were defec tive to an extent that cried loudly to the General Assembly for a material modification A bill was accordingly prepared and was introduced and passed by the Hon W L Peek to take effect in January 1882 The year 1883 was memorable in that the Hon Thos Cren shaw of Troup introduced a resolution calling for an investigation of the Agricultural Department This investigation continued dur ing the fall session and ended without scarcely a taint of wrong doing on the part of its head or any of the employees Durint this time several unsuccessful recommendations were made to the 13415 Assembly for a reduction of the fees on fertilizers In 1886 hav ing a deep conviction that the agricultural interest of Georgia of the South was languishing after a consultation with his Ex cellency the Governor and a preliminary consultation with lead ing farmers of the State I called what is known as the Interstate Convention of Farmers of the Cotton States Much was said done and written thereon and thereabout and resulted in the permanent establishment of this Interstate Convention of Cotton States Innumerable efforts were attempted by me during these years to arouse the people to activity For a long time despair seemed pictured upon every thoughtful face About the time of the assembling of this first Interstate Convention in Atlanta I heard the first alliance gun fire in the direction of Texas An other and another in quick succession burst upon the stillness helmetted knights with spears in hands came from the western frontier of the State and in the name of reform swept all before them like a mighty avalanche Every one now living in Georgia is familiar with what followed and is now transpiring In ib88 at the fall session of the General Assembly another studied effort was made to overthrow the Department of Agriculture but as in the days ofinvestigation that also proved abortive and affairs once more moved placidly forward until in the fall of 1889 a bill to make the office of commissioner elective prevailed in the General Assembly The effect of the change whether salutary or hurt ful remains to be seen What is known as the Calvin Act intended to obtain correct agricultural and mechanical statisticsmatters of the highest interests in advertising to the world the wonderful products and resources of our Statecontains a few omissions which have rendered the Act inoperative and valueless First there is no penalty attached for a failure or refusal to return such items as are contemplated by the Act and second no provision is made to compensate the Tax Receivers for the extra labor performed As a result the returns are entirely unsatisfactory and useless During all these years a more devoted industrious and efficient set of employees were not to be found within the limits of the 13516 State I take this occasion to return them my sincere thanks for their uniform courtesy to the head of the department and for their assiduity in discharging both their public and private obliga tions I have long had a full complement of crop reporters and with the fewest exceptions they have promptly and satisfactorily discharged every duty intrusted to them I cannot too strongly express my thanks for the uniform respect and courtesy I have received at the hands of your Excellency The willing assistance which you have furnished me in a thousand instances both merits and receives my sincere thanks and whether in the ranks of private life or upon the higher plane to which you seem born to attain you can always bank upon my devotion and I believe upon every attache of this department Again thanking employees reportorial corps fertilizer in spectors and your Excellency I now bid you adieu J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture REPORT OF VETERINARY SURGEON To the Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture State of Georgia Honorable and Dear SirI would respectfully submit to you the following report for the past year as a review of the work done by your obedient servant under your direction for the State of Georgia I have visited eleven counties from Baker county south to Chattooga county north to investigate a disease known as glan ders and some of the counties I have visited twice first going to Pike county where quite a large number have died with glan ders I visited Greenesboro Greene county as the disease was supposed to be prevalent there but on a careful examination I could nnd no symptom of glanders but found that which was supposed to be glanders was only a mild form of influenza In ort Games Clay county I found a well defined case In Del Kay Upson county I found two very malignant cases of glan ders Others were reported from the same county In Forsyth Monroe county I found two cases of acute glanders In Knox ville Crawford county I found two cases of chronic glanders others were reported In Summerville Chattooga county I found fone acute case of glanders In Dewesville Baker county ound five cases of glanders many others were reported from 13617 this county In Humber and Moores Station Stewart county I found four cases of acute glanders many others were reported from this county In Richland Stewart county on the farm of Mr Kenneday I found five cases in the acute form I visited Corinth Heard county but found the cause of alarm only to be an obstinate case of catarrh I visited Oglethorpe Macon county and found one case of acute glanders Many others were reported to have died with similar symptoms A number of communications have been sent in from other places that have not been visited describing the symptoms of glanders and farcy very clearly but owing to the lack of legislation on this very important matter the work could not be satisfactorily done To the careful intelligent owner of stock there will be enough in this very brief review to make him stop and think especially the farmer whose whole crop depends so much upon the life of his mule or horse We have endeavored wherever we have found it to use every means to stamp it out but the record of the past year shows a great increase From Chat tooga countv in the north to Baker county in the south the seeds of this fatal disease have been sown and under the existing laws there can be no hope of successfully stamping it out I would most respectfully suggest that the next Legislature look into this matter and take hold of it as other States have done and en act a law that will at once protect the live stock interests of this State Respectfully yours J N Cook Veterinary Surgeon REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FISH ERIES State of Georgia j Department of Agriculture r Office of Superintendent of Fisheries LaGrange Ga October 20 1890 Hon J T HendersonCommisioner of Agriculture I herewith submit my 6th Biennial Report covering the time since my last report dated October 16th 1888 The same re gret is now as then expressed that the very limited appropria tion at the disposal of the department has limited and embar rassed this important work Still it is believed that the best possible use of these limited 13718 means has steadily advanced the work of the Fish Commission and that fish culture now is no longer regarded as an experi ment but a safe means of cheapening and increasing the food supply The work of the last few years has demonstrated these facts ShadThe success attending the artificial propagation of shad during the last decade has been simply remarkable Ten years ago no shad were found in any river in this State except those emptying into the Atlantic ocean but by the artificial meth ods resorted to they are now found in all the rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico as well as those emptying into the At lantic It has been mentioned in former reports that shad were not found in rivers emptying into the Gulf until artificially planted During the last two years by the aid of the United States Fish Commission we have been able to plant many millions of shad fry in the rivers of Georgia and there is now no difficulty in getting abundance of milters and spawner for the purpose of artificial propagation And as the artificial propagation of shad is no longer an experiment the Legislature is respectfully asked to make an appropriation sufficient to establish a hatchery on a large scale at some point in the State We should annually plant fifty million of shad fry in the waters of Georgia and at an expense of onefourth of one cent to each inhabitant this can be done and it needs no argument to show that it would be the best possible investment to cheapen the food supply to the peo ple of Georgia The methods and appliances for such hatchings have wonder fully improved and cheapened in the last few years so that shad may now be hatched at an expense of probably not over seven cents per thousand I have taken occasion in former reports to call to your attention this fact that the geographical distribution of our rivers is admirably adapted to the propagation of anadro mous migratory fishes and particularly the shad which is wellknown to be peculiarly adapted to our waters I beg leave here to reproduce a paragraph from one of said reports Beginning at the Savannah river which fortunately is under the exclusive control of Georgia extending westward across the State we meet in turn the Ogeechee the Oconee and the Ocmulgee the last two uniting and forming the Altamaha a few miles from the Atlantic Ocean and all these emptying into the same next the Flint and Chattahoochee uniting near the extreme limit of the State and forming the Apalachicola which empties into the Gulf of Mexico The Chattahoochee from West Point 13819 down as far as Alabama is concerned forms the western boun dary of Georgia and like the Savannah is exclusively under the control of this State Near West Point this river ceases to be the boundary of this State but having its headquarters in the extreme northeast part of the State among the mountains of that region where it can almost shake hands with the headwaters of the Savannah it passes diagonally across the State nearly par allel with the Air Line and Atlanta and West Point railroads be ing but a few miles from Gainesville and Newnan and six or seven miles from Atlanta The Etowah and Oostanaula with their confluence at the city of Rome by their numerous ramifi cations liberally supply Northwest Georgia At Rome they form the Coosa which empties into the Alabama which flows finally into the Gulf of Mexico These rivers being so uni formly distributed over the State and our system of railroads generally crossing them would make the distribution of fish from the rivers very easy To illustrate a line drawn from Augusta by Macon to Columbus would pass through sixteen counties every one with a single exception touching a railroad The rivers here alluded to as well as nearly every one in the State have more or less obstructions to the passage of anadromous fishes to their spawning grounds These obstructions consist in the main of dams constructed for milling or manufacturing pur poses Fortunately science has pointed out a way to keep pas sages open without injury to the property invested in such mills or manufactories This is done by the construction of fishways over or through such dams or obstructions From very careful observation extending nearly the entire length of the Atlantic coast and I may add so much of our coast as rests on the Gulf of Mexico I am satisfied that the shad is the only anadromous fish with perhaps one or two exceptions that would be profita ble for us to attempt to propagate There are seven or eight other streams suitable for shad prop agation rising in the southern and southeastern parts of the State some emptying into the Gulf others into the Atlantic Ocean and as will be seen from the following statements nearly if not all have received plantings of shad I am much gratified to be able to state that since my last re port that the catch of shad has very largely increased in nearly all the rivers of the State I will state that shad have been caught in the Withlacoochee river near Quitman one of the rivers ris ing in lower Georgia and passing through Florida emptying into the Gulf of Mexico Some of them were identified as the true Atlantic shad During the two years since my last report 13920 the United City Fish Commission has furnished us with 12848 000 shad fry and which have been planted at times and places as designated below STATEMENT OF THE PLANTS OF SHAD FRY IN THE PUBLIC WATERS IN GEORGIA BY THE U S FISH COMMISSION DURING THE SEASONS OF 18891890 Date April May 28 1889 10 14 90 14 18 Stream Savannah River Chattahoochee River Ocmulgee River Place of Deposit Augusta Bolton Macon Oeklocknee RiverlOcklocknee Aneilla River Allapaha River Savannah River Savannah River Ocmulgee River Ocmulgee River Flint River Chattahoochee River Ogeechee River Big White Water Creek Hurricane Creek Withlacoochee River Oeklocknee River Quitman Allapaha Augusta Augusta Macon Macon Reynolds West Point Midville Butler Blackshear Quitman Thomasville Number 000000 900000 390000 400000 300000 400000 000000 000000 500000 00000 900000 300000 000000 000000 388000 055000 650000 Total112848000 RECAPITULATIONARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Allapaha River Aucilla River Big White Water Creek Chattahoochee River Flint River Hurricane Creek 400000 300000 1000000 1200000 901000 388 000 Ogeechee River Oeklocknee River Ocmulgee River Savannah River Withlacoochee River 1000000 1050000 2955000 3000000 655000 Total12848000 It is recommended that the legislature make an appropriation sufficient to establish a large shad hatchery at some point in the State The only requisite in locality is a sufficiency of water of the requisite purity as it is now known that shad eggs can be transported long distances from the place of the capture of the milters and spaunlers with entire safety to the hatchery In view of our magnificent system of rivers and the great fa cilities now at the control of fishculturists a proposition of Euclid is not more easily demonstrated than the fact that the State of Georgia would derive enormous benefits from the use of the ap propriation mentioned 14021 German CarpThis fish has come to Georgia to stay The trial of over a decade has been quite satisfactory It is esti mated that over five thousand ponds have been stocked in Georgia This has been largely through the aid of the United States Fish Commission as well as the planting of many thous ands of fry in the open waters of the State These are increasing rapidly and helping to increase the food supply Numerous ap plications are on file in my office for young carp for stocking fish ponds and as complete drainage is indispensable for the success ful culture of this fish in ponds I will take this occasion to again call attention to a drainage apparatus devised by myself and now used in mv ponds as well as in many others in this and other States The great importance of the subject induces me to in troduce the cut and description as heretofore published The wood cut represents this simple aparatus that is recom mended a is a wooden box running crosswise through the dam from the lowest point in the kettle so that it will insure the com plete emptying of the pond made of heart pine plank being twelve inches wide and two thick securely nailed together The upright part b is of the same material and size and joins it at right angles and of sufficient length to extend some distance above the water line This is made secure to the horizontal portion and it will be a great advantage to give the whole a dressing of coal tar The side of the upright next to the end is left open and narrow strips are nailed to the uprights on the in side to constitute grooves for the gate pieces c c c c d is a strainer of wire secured in a frame of the same size as the gate 14122 pieces c When it is desired to empty the pond remove the highest gatepiece c and substitute the strainer d When the water line is lowered to the next gatepiece remove it and sub stitute the strainer for it as in the first instance and so on until the water is drawn down nearly to the collector then the mud can be removed from the collector the fish dispersing while this is being done The water can then be drawn off until the fish are drawn into the collector or kettle when they can be readily removed with the dip net when the last gatepiece can be taken out and the kettle completely emptied The only defect is in making the gates tight If the water supply is abundant this is of no consequence as the leakage would not allow the small fish to pass out and still might constitute a part of the overflow But if the water supply is limited this might lower the pond at a time wher you could not afford to lose any water For tunately this defect can be easily remedied Prepare a plank of the size of the opening of the box a let it be graen lumber so that it will not swell to prevent its being withdrawn pass this down along the side of the upright b so it will include the open ing in a then b can be filled with sawdust for a foot or two and a little dirt if necessary which will entirely stop the leakage It is hoped that the United States Fish Commission will furnish the State with sufficient young fry to supply all applicants Oyster CultureIn former reports attention has frequently been called to the subject It is a matter of congratulation that the last legislature took up this subject and passed an oyster law This with some amendments which will be found neces sary will be of great benefit to the State California SalmonThe attempt to stock some of the rivers of this State has resulted in failure The reports from other Fish Commissioners show the same to be true of all the South Atlantic States Brook TroutA few of the most Northern counties may have water of sufficiently low temperature to propagate this fish but a careful survey is needed to ascertain if the streams contain the requisite food supply I beg leave to state that I have been under great obligations to the very efficient Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries of the United States Col Marshall McDonald and to the railroads of this and some of the adjoining States for their favors to the Fish Commission of Georgia and to the press for many courtesies Thanking you for courtesies extended in connection with official duties by yourself and the gentlemen in your office I am Very respectfully H H Cary Superintendent 14223 LIST OF FISH COMMISSIONERS AND OFFICERS UNITED STATES A XD CANADA REVISED AND CORRECTED AS TAKEN PROM THE FOREST AND STREAM UP TO TAN I KY 23 1890 WITIE THE ANNUAL APPROPRIATIONS MADE IN EACH STATE AND THE TIME OF ESTABLISHING THE COMMISSION No information from those marked by an United States Office Sixth and B streets S W Washington D C Col Marshall MacDonald Commissioner I W Collins in charge Division of Fisheries Richard Rathbun in charge Division of Scientific Inquiry T II Bean Ichthyologist and Editor J J OConnor Chief Clerk John Gay Inspector of Stations George H II Moore Chief of Distribution Alabama Col I It Hundley Madispn Hon Charles S G Doster Prattville Commissioners first appointed 1881 Arizona T W Otis Chairman Prescott John Howard Prescott C W Stearns Phenix 250Commissioner first appointed April 1881 Arkansas H H Rottaken President Little Rock J W Galloway Little hock W B Worthen Secretary Little Rock Commissioners first appointed January 25 1876 California Joseph Routier President Sacramento J Downey Harvey San Francisco 5000 Commissioners first appointed April 25 1870 Colorado Gordon Land Denver 3250Commissioner first appointed February 1S87 Connecticut Dr Win M Hudson Chairman Hartford lames A Bill Lymc Robert I Chalker Saybrook Tin1 Shellfish Commissioners are Dr Wm M Hudson James A Bill until August 261890 George Waldo Bridgeport Brvant A Treat Wallingford from August 26 1890 14324 Delaware Charles H Shubert Odessa Dr E G Shortlidge Assistant and Superintendent of Hatcheries Wilmington rEOKGIA Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Dr H II Cary Superintendent of Fisheries LaGrange Under the laws of the State these constitute the Board of Fish Com missioners 500By Legislative Act 1876 February 29 Illinois N K Fairbank President Chicago S P Bartlett Secretary Quincy Maj George Breuning Centraha 2500Commissioners first appointed May 20 1875 Indiana Col W T Dennis Richmond 1000Commissioner first appointed September 1881 1 iiw E D Carlton Spirit Lake Ole Bjorenson Superintendent S3700Commissioner first appointed March 30 1874 Kansas John M Brumbraugh Concordia 1000Commissioner first appointed March 10 1877 Kentucky Phis State is said to have now no Commissioner Maine Commissioners of Fish and Game E M Stillwell Bangor Henry O Stanley Dixfield j l W Counce Thomaston Commissioner of Sea and Shore Fisheries 5000Conimmissioners first appointed January 118G7 3 Maryland G W Delawder Oakland Dr E W Humphries Salisbury 10000Commissioners first appointed April 1874 Massachusetts E A Brackett Winchester E 11 Lathrop Springfield 5000 Commissioners first appointed May 1865 Michigan Dr 1 C Parker Grand Rapids 1 loyt Post Detroit Herschel Whitaker President Detroit W D Marks Superintendent Paris George I Mussey Secretary Detroit Win O Butler Jr Detroit 7500Commissioners first appointed April 25 1873 14425 Minnesota Wm Bird Fairmount Niles Carpenter Eushford Robert Ormsby Sweeney President St Paul S S Watkins Superintendent Willow Brook St Paul Missouri H M Garlicbs ChairmanSt Joseph J L Smith Jefferson City H C West St Louis A P Campbell Secretary St Joseph Superintendents Philip Kopplin Jr St Louis Ehas Cottrell St Joseph Nebraska Wm L May Fremont McBride Lincoln B E Kennedy Omaha M E OBrien SuperintendentSouth Bend Nevada Geo T Mills Carson City 1000Commissioners first appointed August 30 1866 New Hampshire George W Riddle Manchester Elliot B Hodge Plymouth John B Kimball Marlborough 1000Commissioners first appointed August 30 1866 New ersey J R Elkinton Pennsgrove William AVright Newark F M Ward Newton 1000Commissioners first appointed March 29 1870 New York E G Blackford President New York Gen R U Sherman New Hartford Wm H Bowman Rochester Henry Burden Troy A S Joline Tottenville E G Blackford Shellfish Commissioner Superintendents Fred Mather Cold Spring Harbor Monroe A Green Caledonia James A Marks Adirondack 15000Commissioners first appointed April 22 1868 North Carolina No commission Ohio Hon C V Osborn President Dayton John Hofer Bellaire A C Williams Secretary Chagrin Falls John H Lair Cincinnati E D Potter Toledo L K Buntain Chief Warden Dayton 5000Commissioners first appointed May 3 1873 Oregon F C Reed President Clackamas E P Thompson Portland R C Campbell Ranier 14526 Pennsylvania Henry C Ford President 524 Walnut street Philadephia James V Long 75 Fifth avenue Pittsburg H C Demuth Secretary Lancaster S B Stillwell Scranton L Streuber Erie W L Powell Harrisburg Superintendents John P Graveling Allentown William Butler Corry 7500Commissioners first appointed April 16 1866 Rhode Island J M K Southwick Newport Wm P Morton Johnson Henry T Root Providence 7500Commissioners first appointed in 1868 South Carolina Hon A P Butler Columbia Supt of Fisheries first appointed December 23 1878 Tennessee W W McDowell Memphis H H Sneed Chattanooga Edward D Hicks Nashville Commissioners first appointed January 10 1877 Utah A Milton Musser Salt Lake City Vermont F H Atherton Waterbury Hon Herbert Brainerd St Alhans 1000Commissioners first appointed in 1865 Virginia Dr J Wilkins Bridgetown 2500Commissioners first appointed April 1874 Washington Territory Albert T Stream North Cove Pacific county Commissioner first appointed November 9 1877 West Virginia C S White President Romney F J Baxter Treasurer Sutton James H Milner Secretary Hinton 500Commissioners first appointed January 1 1877 Wisconsin The Governor exofficio Philo Dunning President Madison C L Valentine Secretary and Treasurer Janesville Mark Douglas Melrose A V H Carpenter Milwaukee Calvert Spensley Mineral Point E S Miner Sturgeon Bay James Nevin Superintendent Madison 7000Commissioners first appointed March 20 1874 14627 Wyoming Territory Louis Miller Laramie 750Commissioners first appointed in 1S79 Dominion of Canada Hon John Tilton Deputy Minister of Fisheries Ottawa Samuel Wilmot Superintendent of Fish Culture Ottawa Inspectors of Fisheries J R Kinney Yarmouth NS K V Hockin Pictou N B A C Bertram North Sydney N J H Pratt St Andrews N B E 0 Chapman Moncton N B D Morrow Oromocto N B E HackettTignish P E I W Wake ham Gwpe Basin P QThos MowaL NewWestminister B C Alex McQueen Winnipeg Manitoba F C Gilchnst Fort Qu Ap OffiS cUgeof Fish Breeding Establishments ChaBJVflmot Newcastle Ont Wm Parker Sandwich Ont L N Cattellier Tadoussac Quebec H Davis pro tern Gaspe Quebec A a Moore Magog Quebec Alex Mowat Restigouche Qbef Wilmot Bedford N 8 C A Farquharson Sydney N S Isaac Sheasgreen Miramichi N B Chas McClusky Grand Falls B Thos Mowat New Westminister B C Dakota Florida Idaho Louisiana Mississippi and New Mexico have no fish commissioners 147THIRD SERIES Circular No 1 J Rules and Regulations SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS Inspection of Fertilizers IN GEORGIA Prescribed by R T NESBITT Commissioner of Agriculture FOR THE SEASON OF 189091 ATLANTA GEORGIA GEO W HARRISON State Printer Franklin Publishing House 1890 rRULES AND REGULATIONS SEASON OF189091 3d Series Circular No 1 Department of Agriculture Atlanta November 20th 1890 The Commissioner prescribes the following Rules and Regulations for the Inspection of Fertilizers hereby abrogating all previous Rules and Regu lations I Fertilizers or chemicals for manufacturing the same or for composting and cotton seed meal intended for sale or distribution within the State of Georgia shall have the manufacturers guaranteed analysis placed upon or securely attached to each package by the manufacturer If the fertilizer is in bags it shall be distinctly branded stamped or printed upon each sack If in barrels it may be either branded stamped or printed upon the head of each barrel or distinctly printed upon good paper and securely pasted upon the head of each barrel or upon a shipping or other tag and securely attached to the head of each barrel In every case it must be distinct This manufacturers guaranteed analysis shall show the following determina tions viz Moisture at 212 percent Insoluble Phosphorice Acid Per cent Available Phosphoric AcidPer cent Ammonia actual and potentialper cent Potash K40percent If nitrogen in the form of nitrate is claimed the fact must be stated in the Request for Inspection II To facilitate the tiansaction of business any manufacturer dealer agent or other person who procures the inspection of a fertilizer after it is inspected and has the inspectors tag attached in compliance with law may proceed to make sales thereof before the official analysis is completed Prodded he gives a written obligation to cancel all sales in case the fertilizer is condemned by the Commissioner of Agriculture This obligation is embraced in the Request for The Commissioner has uniformly held that it the guaranteed analysis shall include such of these five Ingredient as the fertilizer or chemical is claimed to contain it will be a substantial compliance wiih the law and the Rules and Regulations Some judicial decisions seem to indicate that this paragraph must be literally complied withthat the full list of ingredients must appear in the Guaranteed Analysis even if one or more of them is not contained in the goods As a matter of prudence it would be well for manufacturers to comply literally with the law in this respect The Commissioner will not change his ruling on this point until constrained to do so by express judicial opinion or legislative enactment 3DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Inspection which must also set forth guaranteed analysis according to the form therein prescribed and addressed to the proper inspector The Request for Inspection must be made out and signed in duplicate and one copy sent to the Commissioner of Agriculture by the person requesting the inspection III Inspectors shall not furnish any tag or device to be attached to any fer tilizer or permit it to be offered for sale or distribution unless the manufac turers guaranteed analysis is plainly placed upon each parcel or package before offering the same for sale or distribution claiming in the case of any Ammoniated Superphosphate that it contains at least eight per cent of Avail able Phosphoric Acid and two per cent of Ammonia and of any Acid Phos phate or Dissolved Bone that it contains at least ten per cent of Available Phosphoric Acid Neither shall any such tag or device be furnished or ap plied to any fertilizer that is in a damaged or unmerchantable condition I IV If a fertilizer be offered for inspection and sale branded as an Ammoni ated Superphosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Guano or other words implying that the same is an Ammoniated Superplwspate the guaranteed analysis must claim that it contains not less than two per centum of Ammonia otherwise it will not be admitted to inspection or sale under such brand If it is desired to offer an acid phosphate or dissolved bone containing in addition to ten per centum of available phosphoric acid a quan tity less than two per centum of ammonia the presence of the ammonia may be indicated by adding after the name in parenthesis the words With Am monia V Inspectors after collecting inspection fees and taking samples shall have applied under their personal supervision Inspectors tags one to each package of fertilizer before the same is offered for sale or distribution Inspectors tags will have printed upon each the words and figures Inspected189091 Georgia also a facsimile of the signature of the Commissioner of Agricul ture Tags brought over from any previous season cannot be applied to new goods nor can they be redeemed by this Department VI All inspections must be made within the limits of this State All fertilizers manufactured in this State for sale or distribution in this State must be inspected and tagged and the fees paid before leaving the mill or factory All fertilizers entering the State at Augusta Savannah or Toccoa intended for sale and shipped on through bills of lading to points in the interior must be inspected and tagged before leaving said cities For the purpose of such inspection and in accordance with an agreement made with the railroads lead ing into the interior of the State from the said cities cars loaded with fertilizers will be detained long enough to permit a thorough inspection and the applica tion of tags under the personal supervision of an Inspector VII The following appointments of Inspectors have been made for the sea son 189091 and during the active business season they will be located as indi cated and should be addressed accordingly Dr A Oemler Savannah RandolphRidgely Augusta T J Lyon ToccoaRULES AND REGULATIONS189091 W B Jones Atlanta F A Davis Atlanta S R Murphey Atlanta Whenever it may become necessary to facilitate the business of inspecting fertilizers and transportation of the same the Inspector or Inspectors on duty at one point may perform any official duty at any point in the State Inspections can be made at other points in Georgia than those named above when necessary but if in such cases the fertilizers shall have come into the State at any port or station where there is an Inspector and shall have escaped inspection through no fault of the Inspector at such station the necessary ex penses of the Inspector in going to make such inspections and returning to his published post of duty must be paid by the parties procuring such inspec tions VIII No inspections will be made in bulk IX Inspectors will draw their own samples X l Manufacturers and dealers in fertilizers before making each shipment of fertilizers into Georgia for sale or distribution are required to give timely notice to the Commissioner of Agriculture directly and also to the Inspector at the port or place where the same is to enter the State by request for inspec tion of such shipment giving the name of the vessel or railroad on which shipped the name of each distinct brand and the number of tons ol each the number and kinds of packages and their weight and the name and place of the consignee Fertilizers sold by dealers outside this State direct to farmers or consumers in this State and consigned directly to the purchasers and with out the intervention of an agent within the State are not subject to inspection In such cases the manufacturer or shipper must give notice of shipments stat ing these facts 2 The shipper or his agent at the point where the cars are loaded mu t accompany the shipping instructions to the forwarding agent wi ha separate request for inspection for each car load This request will be attached to the freight bill of the car to which it refers The shipper must also mail to the Commissioner at Atlanta Ga a consolidated request for V covering the entire shipment and stating the brands number of tons of each and destination 3 Cars must be so loaded as to permit access to every bag of fertilizers with 1 TaSl at Augusta Savannah or Toccoa the train conductor will de liver the requests for inspection to the agent appointed to receive theni who will at once notify the Inspector at his post and deliver to him such re quests 5 No inspections made until the fees are paid XI All persons in Georgia who expect to deal in fertilizers or have fertili zers shipped to them during the coming season for sale or distribute will please take due notice and make all necessary arrangements to meet the requirements of law promptly when the fertilizer reaches the State and thus save delay and embarrassment ill The season for inspecting fertilizers will be from October 1st to Septem ber 30thDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA XIII The method of analysis recommended by the Convention of Agricul tural Chemists held at Washington D C on the 28th of July 1880 with such modifications as were adopted by the Atlanta Convention of May loth 1884 and subsequent conventions of the same Association will continue to be em ployed by the Chemist of the Department in the analysis of all commercial fertilizers SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS OF FERTILIZERS It is of the utmost importance to the planters and people of Georgiato yourself and the Department of Agriculturethat your duties be well and faithfully performed You are placed as sentinels to see that the interests of the farmers of Georgia are well guarded in their purchase of commercial fertili zers that they are protected from imposition in every purchase that they make and that the law defining your duties and the regulations of the Department are rigidly executed in every case You are in your official acts to render full justice to all parties The strict execution of the law ami full protection from imposition to all farmers will not work injustice to any manufacturer or dealer In the discharge of your duty in addition to the foregoing Rules and Regu lations you are to be governed by the following special instructions giving some details which could not well be set forth elsewhere viz 1 Immediately after taking samples of any brand of fertilizer in the man ner described in Rule IX of the Rules and Regulations they must be thor oughly mixed but not triturated or ground in a mortar or otherwise When samples are forwarded to the Department for analysis they must be in the same mechanical condition in which they are offered for sale to the planters of the State After the samples are thus thoroughly mixed you will from the mixture fill two glass bottles securely seal them with wax stamp your official seal upon the wax and then carefully and correctly label themone with a label showing the inspection number name of the fertilizer inspected the place at for whom inspected and the date of inspection and the other with a label showing the number of inspection You must then deliver both in per son to the Commissioner or carefully box and ship them to him by express 2 You must make an Inspection Report of each inspection of each brand of fertilizers on forms to be furnished you In cases where the same brand is loaded in more than one car of the same train or section of a train the whole being included in the same shipment the several car loads must be included in one consolidated report to which you must attach all the Requests 3 You are required to keep in a book a full and accurate record or minute of every official act performed by you embracing in the record of each inspec tion the number and date of inspection name of the fertilizer or chemical by whom and where manufactured person requesting and place to whom consigned and where where inspected number of tons inspected amount of fees received number of tags delivered how and when sample was for warded the inspection number of identical brands sample taken from same lot and such other facts as may be necessary to a complete history of the in spection 6RULES AND REGULATIONS189091 7 4 You are required to make a full and complete report on the first day of each month of the work done during the previous month on blanks furnished you for this purpose This report must show the actual state of your business on the last day of the month to which it refers 5 You are required to make daily deposits of inspection fees in the State Depository most convenient to the credit of the State Treasury reserving such amount upon notice of the Commissioner as may be required to pay for tags and other necessary expenses 6 You must remain constantly at your post of duty unless express leave of absence be granted you by the Commissioner Report promptly to the Commissioner any violation of law The book of records or minutes is the property of the Department and must be neatly and correctly kept It must be filed in the Department with your final report made at the end of the fertilizer season Blanks will be furnished you for making all your records entries and re ports and stationery for official correspondence Inspectors tags will be supplied to you on your requisitsons freight pre paid and you must retain the cost of the same and all charges from fees received and pay the amount to this office at the end of each month The Act of February 26 1877 requires you to pay over to the Comptroller General on the first day of each month all moneys received for inspection fees during the preceding month This must be done in whatever manner the ComptrollerGeneral may prescribe and you must satisfy the Commissioner that this duty has been performed before a salary certificate will be issued to you You are specially required to guard against any misappropriation of Inspec tors tags or any violation or evasion of the law or any attempts to do so using every possible effort to see that tags are applied only to the particular lot of fertilizer on the inspection of which they were issued and make full reports to the Department of Agriculture You will be required to render a strict account of all tags issued to you and held liable to the treasury for the amount of fees represented by any tags not satisfactorily accounted for Any information you may need will be given at any time Instructions will be given promptly in any case in which you may desire them or about which you are in doubt Inspectors will be held to a strict performance of all duties required of them by the law and the rules regulations and instructions defining their duties No neglect or irregularities in the discharge of their duties will be tolerated and perfect sobriety at all times is strictly enjoined v R T NESBITT Commissioner of AgricultureSpecial Circular No Z Third Series j QUESTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL EEPORT OP CROPS ETC IN THE STATE OP GEORGIA FOR THE YEAR 1890 RETURNABLE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Dec 15th 1890 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dec 1890 Correspondents are requested to answer the accompanying questions and return to this office on Dec 15th Let your answers apply to the county for which you report and not to your own place or immediate section In your answers we beg that you will exercise special care after careful inquiry that your reports may be accurate Very respectfully Commissioner of Agriculture I For what county do you reportCounty II Your name III Your Postoffice IV Will you serve as reporter next year 92 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Give the product the present year of the following crops in your county in comparison with an average crop 1 CottonPercent 2 CornPercent 3 WheatPercent 4 OatsPercent 5 SugarcanePer cent SorghumPercent 7 RicePercent 8 Sweet potatoesPer cent 9 Field peasPer ent 10 Ground peasPercent 11 Clover hayPer cent 12 Other hay give namePer cent Give average yield per acre for present year in your county of 13 CottonLhs lint 14 CornBushels 15 WheatBushels 16 OatsBushels 17 SugarcaneGallon 18 Sorghum Galons 19 RiceBushels 20 Sweet potatoesBushels 21 Field peasBushel 22 Ground peasBushel 10QUESTIONS FOR CROP REPORT 3 Tons 28 C over hay Tons 24 Other hay give name Give average price Dec 15th of 25 Cotton per pound eu Cents 20 Corn per bushel 27 Wheat per bushelCent8 28 Oats per bushelCents 29 Sugarcane syrup per gallonCents 30 Sorghum syrup per gallonCen B 31 Rough rice per bushelCents 32 Sweet potatoes per bushelCents 33 Hay per ton Give the average yield in your county one year with another for a period of ten 10 years of the following crops Lbs lint 34 Cotton Bushels 35 Corn Bushels 36 Wheat Bushels 37 Oats 38 Sugarcane syrupGallons 30 Sorghum syrupGallons 40 RiceBushels r0ugh Bushels 41 Sweet potatoes 42 Clover hayTons cured 48 Other hay give nameTons clred 114 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA MISCELLANEOUS 44 Acreage sown in wheat this compared with last fallPer cent 45 Acreage in fall oats compared with last year1er cent 4i Amount of homeraised pork produced compared with last yearPercent 47 Number of stock hogs all sizes compared with last yearPer cent 48 Percent of a full farm supply of pork producedPercent 49 Number of sheep compared with last yearPer cent 50 Condition of farmers compared with last yearPercent 51 Indebtedness of farmers compared with last yearPercent 52 Price of farm lands compared with this time last yearPercent 58 Give amount of farm supplies purchased in comparison with last yearPercent 54 Give average cash price per lb for bacon in your county this yearGents 55 Average time price for bacon payable Nov 1Cents 56 Average cash price of corn per bushel in your county this yearCents 57 Average time price for corn payable Nov 1 58 What percentage of present cotton crop has been covered with cotton bagging Per cent 59 Give date of first killing frost 60 What diseases if any have prevailed among stock this year 61 Report such facts as may be of interest new crops fertilizers remedies for diseases in stock etc 62 Give results of experiments with seed furnished you by this Department Give report of interest manifested in your county in 63 Cultivation of the grasses and disposition to stock raising til Forestry B Fruitgrowingespecially grapesand the varieties bestsuited to this State 6 What is the condition of public rods 67 Is your county supplied with good school buildings ic answers to questions from Nos 59 to 67 inclusive may be made on separate sheets of paper 12Circular No 3 Third Series Supplemental Crop Report1890 RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENTfcDECEMBER 31 1890 State of Georgia DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta January 1891 GENERAL COMMENTS Tbe vear 1890 dawned upon us under most favorable auspices for the farmers the cotton crop of the previous year was large and brought remunerative prices the c6rn cribs were full from a bountiful harvest and a mild winter encouraged early preparation OATS A laroe area was sown in oats but in an imperfect manner the poorest land as a rule being selected for this purpose and as poor results were assumed from the first the preparation was correspondingly careless The very early sowing was well advanced when the March freeze greatly injured and in some instances entirely destroyed the stands In exceptional cases where thorough preparation and high fertilization characterized the work the results are most encouraging The average yield for the State is 9 bushels In view of the short grain crops throughout the country I would urge the farmers to prepare most thoroughly fertilize highly and sow as large an area in oats as the individual ability of each man will permit CORNj While good corn crops have blessed the farmer in lower Georgia assuring in most counties an abundance for home consumption in many portions of middle and notably in North Georgia a drouth of a few weeks worked such injury to this crop that the supply will fall short of the demand The average for the State is 87 132 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA COTTON The cold spring in the more northern portion of the State retarded the growth and development of the cotton plant and in some localities severe drouth during the summer prevented the early and perfect maturing of the bolls In lower Georgia the excessive rains during the maturing season caused an excessive plant growth at the expense of fruit but on the whole the crop is a good one though from the above causes and the difficulty of se curing the necessary labor to gather the crop as it opened the sample is poor It is noticeable that where the farmers and their families have themselves gathered this crop the sample rates higher The average for the State is 93 No damage is reported from insects except from rust in a few localities OTHER CROPS The average for wheat is 32 oats 59 sugarcane syrup 93 sorghum 74 rice 93 peas 73 ground peas 79 sweet potatoes 94 clover hay 83 other hay 72 From which it would appear that wheat is not a profitable crop in this State while sugarcane syrup rice and sweet potatoes rank high The general results of the year are both encouraging and discouraging Encouraging because we are steadily getting out of debt and our lands are steadily increasing in price We are raising more home supplies and narrow ing the margin between cash and credit prices practicing more economy and cultivating more thrift gaining more information and becoming less depend ent Much nf this giiod work should be credited to the influence of the Far mers Alliance which is bringing home to our fireside a better understanding of our condition and surroundings Much of it is due to the gradual recogni tion among other classes of the relation that farming sustains to other indus trial pursuits There is considerable waking up on the subject of stock raising and fruit culture which are so important to our general and permanent pros perity The grape and poultry possibilities are worthy our most earnest study and hearty encouragement Almost half the list of grapes grow well in Geor gia Scuppernongs and Concords flourish everywhere A large revenue could be realized to our wives and children each year by studying and applying the rules governing poultry and their products On the other hand the results are discouraging in so far as they show our Continued enslavement to cotton the oppressing king1 While the price of cotton continues to fall and the price of corn to rise our prosperity is not well established We are rapidly destroying our supply of timber and replacing the virgin soil with fields worn by cotton culture Our public highways are in sad need of attention causing the necessary travel and hauling to consume unnecessary time and money Our schoolhouses except in towns and cities are in woful need of improve ment A general awakening on this subject is much needed The reports from seeds sent out by this department are very encouraging We will continue to do all in our power in this direction though with the limited means at our command we cannot accomplish as much as we would like 14SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 ADDRESS TO THE FARMERS OF GEORGIA This Department exists for your benefit and it should therefore be adminis tered in your interest The present administration desires your hearty co operation and all suggestions having in view the general good of the produ cers will be gladly received and respectfully considered DISPLAY ROOMS The Department will be pleased to receive specimens of minerals and crops suitable for our display room We desire to make this room a representa tive epitome of Georgias resources the pride of every Georgian who may look into it And here our lady friends might aid us for we wish to make it attractive as well as instructive to every stranger who may come within our gates HELP TO THE FARMERS But above all things we desire to help the farmers at home to furnish them such information and distribute among them such seeds as will help them to make more remunerative crops We hail with delight the spirit of progress abroad in the land and with all our heart we bid God speed to everything that looks to bettering the condition of the farmer Va nuthn and Percentage of Increase in Different Properties in Georgia I Id 007286 00103812563 001 City and Town Property 90 433 822 00 121341352 00 Lands 2lW634 00l Livestock 2071372 00 Farm Implements qiKfi404 00 Household Furniture 12 012755 00 Merchandise onivmMVi 00 Money and Solvent Debts 22C x Cotton Mills Iron Works and Foundries Mining Capital i Hanking Capital 1640000 00 295640 00 97580 00 567 00 Shipping 4869354 00 Stocks and Bonds nWiM on Railroads 896003 00 869354 00 9366129 00 28130775 00 5338952 00 14920537 001 20790335 00 38933258 00 8940285 00 877501 00 261338 00 120252 5 00 1132090 00 7026969 00 37342078 00 112 33 39 79 63 72 52 445 197 167 158 26 44 299 This table from the Comptrollers report shows that we are not keeping abreast with others The cities are growing nearly four times as fast as he I the railroads nearly nine times as fast cotton mills thirteen and a Ttimes and other manufacturing enterprises about six tunes ye every one tho tlinl s must see that all and each of these are dependent on the farmers crosDeritv Why should we be lowest except id shipping in the b iDdEeshen we contribute so largely to the prosperity of all thereat 15 list of im4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Without undertaking to exhaustively treat so important a subject we ask your attention while we suggest a few points TAKING CAKE OF LAND It is a well known fact that in the past our methods have been such as to rapidly wear out or exhaust the soil A system of clean and close cotton cul ture has taken the cream from our lands and they have rapidly declined in productive power We should remember that our soil is our capital and that it is the productive power of the farm rather than the number of acres that determines its value Hence it is of the highest importance to preserve what ever of fertility we may find in the soil Growth does not necessarily impov erish A crop may be made and the land left no poorer by producing it SOURCES OF LOSS The two chief sources of loss of fertility have been leaching and washing Leaching takes the fertile and pulverized parts of the soil out but does not produce gullies or galls Washing takes the coarser as well as the finer parts of the soil and leaves both gullies and galled spots Much land is seriously injured that is not gullied THE PREVENTIVES The best remedies for both evils are first plow deepplow deeper and on a level If the land is rocky instead of throwing up a level take a twohorse plow throw out a good deep furrow exactly level and put the rock in this fur row Burn nothing plow in everything and let it decay REST YOUR LAND We should also give our land absolute rest once in every three years By ju dicious rotation of crops thorough preparation and high fertilization two thirds of the land can be made to produce what the whole has under the old system In this way onethird can be rested each year By rest we do not mean to sow it down simply unless the crop sown is turned under and thus returned to the land But after sowing and gathering the crop sowed not only turn under that crop of grass but let it rest the year following and then turn in all that grows upon it and you are ready to get the full benefit of rest Individual instances have been brought to our knowledge where reduced acreage thoroughly anil deeply prepared highly fertilized rapidly and skil fully cultivated have produced astonishing results What one man of judgment energy and intelligence can accomplish can be done by many and the day is not far distant when hundreds yea thousands of farmers will be reaping the benefits of these improved methods IMPROVEMENT OF LAND We should not be satisfied with simply taking care of the soil every energv should be directed to improving it We should try to make the poor soil rich and the rich soil richer To prove that this can be done it is only necessary to bring forward a few facts well known but little studied In many of the oldest countries of the world and in city and town gardens we see plats of 16SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 5 ground producing enormously year after year and getting richer all the while The valley of the Nile supports millions and is as fertile today as when Joseph fed the famishing nations from Egyptian cribs An example nearer home is in our old and worn pine and sedge fields When by our ignorance we have exhausted their productive power natures silent processes take hold and ere long they become fertile again We need to study natures laws and conform our work to these laws HOW THIS MAY BE DONE Deep and thorough pulverization of the soil is essential Pulverization en riches the soil We should also plant crops which feed largely upon air or draw nitrogen and other fertilizing properties from the air and deposit them in the earth Clover pea vines and bermuda grass are efficient agents in this work Return to the soil all the vegetable matter possible use freely every form of soil food especially phosphates and potash either as commercial fertili zers or as composts better as the latter HIGH MANURING PAYS The profit in farming is largely a question of manuring Plowing hoeing etc are much the same on a poor crop as on a good one The gathering is the princi pal item of increase in the expense Hence it is better to raise a bale on one acre than the same amount on two acres Where it is possible we should keep more tock and pay more attention to the saving of home manures If not convenient to compost these the best plan is to cart them out each day and spread on the land thus saving much that is otherwise wasted This question of waste is a serious one for the farmers Our forefathers with a more prim itive system but making everything at home in the way of food and cloth ing and farm supplies lived comfortably and in many instances grew rich Today the poorest farmer if near a town or railroad finds it more conven ient to buy everything ready made He even prefers his manures prepared for him his own going to waste because the commercial brands are more easily handled While we cannot become entirely independent we can do much to improveour condition We can think more and plan better Too much of our labor has gone for naught too much of our energy has not been wisely directed Plan well do not raise crops which fail to pay or buy that which can be better raised at home Let our motto be Deep and thorough prepa ration hig manuring shallow cultivation Georgias wondrously varied climate and free and often fertile soil will yield a remunerative harvest to him who tills it aright Prosperity and happiness can and will come as a reward to intelligent farming A distinguished man has said No portion of the earths surface is more inviting to the cultivator than the fertile soil of reorgia RAIBIXG STOCK Bv all means let us endeavor to raise more stock The annual drain upon our resources in this one item is enormous being about onesixth of the cotton crop in money value Yet experience is in favor of the Georgia raised horse and mule rather than the imported animals The horse and male trade 176 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA of Atlanta for 1889 was 47580 fortyseven thousand five hundred and eighty making Atlanta the second largest stock market in the world These were valued at 5462500 The cotton crop of Georgia for 1889 was 870000 bales valued at 31000000 STOCK FEED The attention of the farmers is called to the nutritious qualities and also the cheapness of cotton seed hulls and cotton seed meal mixed in the proportion of 1 part meal to 4 parts hulls A gentleman who has been experimenting with this mixture in feeding beef cattle as well as milk cows asserts that he has used no food that ismore nutritious or which is sooner assimilated The cost is much less than other feed as it can be bought for 650 per ton The manure is exceedingly rich in ammonia In view of the short grain crop would it not be well for the farmers to give this food a fair trial Farmers who make the experiment both in feeding and using the manure will please report results to the Department DO NOT PLANT TOO LARGELY OF COTTON The experience of the past year should convince every sensible farmer of the utter hopelessness of seeking to improve his condition so long as cotton is planted to the exclusion of other crops The area of cotton planted in the South the present year is 20500000 acres and smaller food crops in propor tion than for many years As a consequence we tind ourselves confronted by ruinously low prices for this staple while owing to the almost universal failure of the grain crops the price of food for man and beast is high with an advanc ing tendency Many farmers are holding their cotton hoping that prices may rule higher This withholding of so large a part of the crop from the market has locked up much capital which should now be in circulation and it is evi dent that with fair prices in the new year the low grade of so large a part of the crop will cause disappointment and in many instances decided embarrassment to those who bore the heat and burden of the day in making and gathering the crop It would seem that the best plan to increase the price is to reduce the acreage to be planted in cotton the coming year INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS Before closing this article the attention of the farmers is called to the fact that every effort has been made by the Department to give them greater pro tection in the inspection of fertilizers But until a different law is perfected the inspections will have to be conducted as heretofore When the present law first went in force the amount of fertilizers sold each year was between thirty and forty thousand tons It is now nearly three hundred thousand tons A glance will suffice to show that with this tremendous increase different pro visions should be made The Legislature will doubtless at the summer session act in this matter Until then the farmers may rest assured their interest will be protected as far as possible In justice to the manufacturers and to facili tate the movement of these goods and enable the farmers to secure them when needed the inspection cannot always be made in sacks The inspectors will exercise all possible care in discharging their duties It is to the interest of 18SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 7 che farmer the manufacturer and the merchant that an inspection law be framed and so thoroughly enforced as to do away with the present feeling of unrest and suspicion existing among the farmers in regard to the character and quality of the goods they buy P T Nesbitt Commissioner of Agricult ure YIELD COMPARED TO AN AVERAGE CROP SECTIONS s o o a o O OS CO 1 o B a 3 Q a b 0 so 81 97 98 97 93 a a a 60 s a oo 90 91 90 80 90 74 3 s 100 93 90 93 93 CQ OJ O 03 5 C Ph 0Q 100 100 97 93 97 94 02 cS v Ph 2 3 S 80 74 67 67 67 73 CO a a CL a 3 O Sh O 85 82 83 78 83 79 cs a CB O 5 85 80 86 86 83 K fi OJ o 101 101 80 100 80 93 88 81 90 94 90 87 32 33 20 70 20 34 54 54 60 71 60 59 90 71 Southwest Georgia Southeast Georgia For State 96 95 96 72 YIELD PER ACRE PRESENT YEAR OF SECTIONS North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia For State 210 183 172 178 150 178 14 9 11 9 11 11 3 w cc a o 03 G CS be 3 CQ 2 11 62 70 3 K CQ 3 o SO bl o CQ 126 241 260 266 51 9 189 ioJ 85 90 7d JO cE CD 2 G Slss Ph Ph 47 L8 22 29 81 95 131 108 122 107 CD CD 3 Pvq e 3 O 11 6 6 7 7 7 3 I o 30 20 21 33 25 o H 1 11 2 1 1 19DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA AVERAGE PRICE DECEMBER 15 OF SECTIONS North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia 83 63 74 69 78 72 For State gj 71 73 67 27 23 89 401400 115 94 41 116 51 70 7 76 14 42 28 36 30 34 21 33 26 si 90 17 80 41 42 3 43 38 a o H I m n 1200 1200 1600 1400 1500 AVERAGE YIELD PER ACREONE YEAR WITH ANOTHERFOR A PERIOD OF TEN YEARS SECTIONS a o o O 170 182 145 160 180 107 a so O 17 9 8 8 13 11 a cd XI 7 6 5 38 11 GO cS c 19 15 12 13 14 15 s u CVQ b u a 60 3 x Ill 169 175 300 188 a OB a z X 70 66 55 99 75 CD CD s 18 17 25 20 CO 0 o CD CD 0Q 70 71 105 82 175 101 CD O 5 l l a O Nortli Georgia 1 n Middle Georgia l Southeast Georgia i i COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF AVERAGE CROP FOR 1889 AND 1 890 FOR STATE a o o o 88 93 5 o a a 83 34 80 59 CD q 3 Ih a ac 3 X S 0 o x 96 74 w 91 93 2 CO CD O 0 P4 J CD is X 84 94 10 i35 84 73 s Ph a 3 0 O 92 79 OS w h CD O G 96 83 18 9 103 87 94 93 101 72 18 0 16 49 21 1 22 11 13 13 29 20SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 9 AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE OF 1890 COMPARED WITH AVERAGE YIELD FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS a OQ ft a op Q IB O 3 A FOR STATE d a g Ph w W o a S 1 S o 0J a o 0 o a k IS O 3 m 188 189 1 o 75 70 5 20 29 9 02 101 107 6 o 1 1 o 167 178 11 n li 11 5 15 9 l l 6 6 MISOELLANEOIS T3 ja o a o Ml A n a o a T3 Q a a 03 O S S3 a 03 a 0 a 03 u a IH a id 8 03 U 03 ft ft ft ft ft d a o a CO Oh a fi af a a a 0 C O 03 o c o o SECTIONS o a 03 an a 3 t a a o cj a o 033 bo3 a w 3 x s a o M 03 3 O P s a a SOS O a 3D T 30 o 8a o ft ft a a g 3 w u 2 3 a cc a H O i X d3 E 0 g a tMi a O 03 a S a I QD s M o aT a A H a P 2 a S o 03 W a si a a 03 0 2 ftS o ftlH 0 ft m 0 03 d i 03 03 sea a2 3 a a ft a o 03 a 03 p P ft J3 so a 3 0 tau a N g M O u g s ft 03 03 o si o a 12 c be 5 CD d o 03 a l Ph fc p Ph 00 Ph 3 B Ph P 1112 iii 48 45 9J ion 102 III 64 64 71 100 103 88 78 84 101 104 84 64 8 n n 8 in 60 68 80 78 19 15 1026 111 121 121 111 64 11 74 7fi 97 96 97 99 63 76 83 04 101 95 90 80 106 119 00 70 n 10 72 77 91 46 27 34 51 50 91 100 50 68 93 68 94 75 6J H 62 78 20 77 66 79 100 63 83 98 80 107 78 71 9 68 73 23 1118 Note Diseases Cholera in hogs and chickens murrain in cattle Remedies None satisfactory Success with Seeds Generally good Grasses and Stock Interest in increasing Forestry But little effort to save none to plant Grapes Profitable everywhere culture growing Roads Twothirds bad onethird fair Schooi houses Poor very poor in the country good in towns and cities M d i s i H H O j t Q W Q d t1 w H I w o w oSUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 11 THE TRUE COST OF THE PRODUCTION OF BARNYARD MANURE BY PROF GEORGE VILLE Synopsis of LectukeTranslated by Miss H L Howard Errors in agricultural accounts Price of manure produced in 1887 gath ered from accounts of four stables kept by Hon M Autier showing cost of manure raised from hogs sheep cows and horses Also showing the danger and inconvenience of keeping too many animals The average price is at least 500 per ton M Autier raised 3220800 pounds of stable manure which he figures out at a cost of 295 per ton But as he charges up to cost of animals that which I really think should be charged to manure I make cost of manure 460 per ton We now proceed to examine the separate accounts and see which is nearer correct The accounts being balanced by the products for sale there is no disagree ment at any point and everything plainly kept and with severe exactness COST OP MANURE RAISED FROM HOGS March 1st 1887 to 31 head valued at 317 00 1st to 31st tools and implements value 315 00 During the year food of various kinds were fed and amounted to 954 05 Labor required to keep them 53 Making total1703 58 Other hogs purchased during year and freight on same 102 87 Entire cost1806 45 By hogs consumed on farm 235 60 sold 526 20 on hand Feb 28 1888 513 20 implements on hand 317 20 work and service 51 00 1643 20 By 92 tons of manure 163 25 Actual cost of manure per ton 178 Here we have manure produced cheaper than chemical fertilizer We next examine the sheep account where the difference shows in favor of chemical fertilizers 2312 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA March 1st SHEEP ACCOUNT 819 head of sheep From March 1st 1877 to February 28th 1888 DEBIT To 661 head of sheep valued at 4603 28 tools furnishings and sheep fold 429 16 purchase of sheep and freight 863 54 food during year 3695 14 work caring for sheep 437 42 257 62 interest on investment Total outlay10280 16 By sheep consumed on farm 42 80 sold 1382 40 wool sold 1072 36 skins sold 21 90 value of implements 440 79 value of sheep on hand 4986 46 Total income 7946 71 By manure on hand 440 tons 2339 45 Giving cost per ton 531 A This time the difference is all in favor of the chemical fertilizer This result is explained by the low price of wool brought in large quantities from Au stralia Continued 24SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 13 VARIETY TEST AND BROADCAST MANURINGCORN From Bulletin Experiment Station The Bulletins of the Georgia Experiment Station will be sent regularly free to every newspaper in the State and all persons actually engaged in farming who make application for the same Address R J Redding Experiment Ga EXPERIMENT NO 11A VARIETY TEST A variety test of corn is apt to be very misleading or unsatisfactory to the reader of the published results and at the same time unjust to a Dumber of the varieties tested on account of the varying habits of growth size of stalks period of maturity etc of the different varieties It would be certainly unfair to a quick maturing dwarfish variety to plant it by the side of a tallgrowing late maturing sort giving both the same distance the same culture and the same seasons An early dwarf variety would prob ably require twice as many stalks to the acre more rapid cultivation and prob ably more manure than one of our ordinary late tallgrowing varieties After learning the peculiarities of each of several kinds by planting them one or more years it then becomes practicable to make a fair test of productiveness by providing for each the conditions necessary for its most perfect and prolific development This has been the main object of the variety test of this year The results probably would not have been published but for the fact thai another and distinct experiment was projected on the same section viz an experiment in broadcast and drillmanuring which will be discussed directly The land selected for these two experiments is embraced in a section Section 4 Division B containing 1J acres lying immediately between Sections 3 and 5 on which Special Nitrogen Experiments Nos 1 and 2 were projected and intermediate in character between these two The section was laid off into seventyfive rows 5225 feet wide and 209 feet long running north and south The land was well plowed and harrowed as in Experiments 1 and 2 and the following fertilizers were applied March 12th f Superphosphate320 pounds Per acreJ Muriate of Potash Cotton Seed Mealo0U 840 Total per acre OT The section was divided into half by a line running east and west On the north half the fertilizer was distributed in the drill and well mixed with the soil as in Experiment 1 On the south half the same quantity was scattered broadcast each half receiving precisely the same plowing the only difference being in the manner of depositing the fertilizers The cultivation was identi cal in each half the plots being plowed and hoed from end to end at the same time 2514 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE VII Variety Test of CornExperiment 11A Broadcast ManuringExperiment 11 Pn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Name of Variety of Corn Mosbys Extra Early Piasa King Peeks Premium Hickory King Champion White Golden Beauty Wellborns Conscience Blounts White Prolific Little Red Cob Strawberry Mottle Eared Stanford Virginia Yellow Drakes Premium West Hunnicutt Standard Bates Pennsylvania Gourd Seed Southern Gourd Seed Johnsons Farly Large White Tennessee White Average yield per acre176182 II T3 Bus 116 190 176 156 15 7 149 104 224 156 157 20 0 127 177 172 Bus 121 200 17 7 131 168 182 182 244 176 177 204 125 18 5 165 2111179 236 220 25 6 15 6 232 186 156 222 161 201 141 206 Extracts from Field Notes June 21 Indicating Relative Time of Blooming In full silk Just tasselling Just tasselling In full tassel In full silk In full tassel and silking freely About like Peeks Not quite forwa d as Mobleys LateNo tassels yet A few tassels A few tassels Smaller and less forward than 10 11 About to Golden Beauty LateNo tassels yet Now and then a tassel and silk About to Wests No tassels nor silks In full silk and tassel Very few silks and tassels About to 18 Tasselling and a few silks NOTES ON EXPERIMENT NO XIA The Extracts from Field Notes June 21 give a fair idea of the relative forwardness of the several varieties so far as could be judged by the eye and at one observation In making up the list of varieties to be tested it was not desired to include other than field varieties such as would be adapted for or dinary field culture in the South Mosbys Extra Early is the only variety on the list that could properly be classed as early and this fact together with its smaller size should be accepted as explaining in part at least the smaller yield of corn Champion White proved next in earliness closely followed by Golden Beauty Virginia Yellow and Blounts White Prolific The last named Blounts White Prolific is amongthe best of the early and me 26SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1890 15 diiim varieties and is very good for field culture Drakes Premium seed obtained of Mr Drake the prizetaking producer of 250 bushels of corn per acre was inferior to several others in yield and presented no remarkable feat ures of excellence The West coru is a good variety Hunuicutts of Coweta county is certainly an excellent sort Standard was the name given to corn grown on the Farm the past year by the late owner Mr M L Bates and was adopted as a standard of comparisona good variety A number of the varieties tested will be selected for further test next year and others added to the list EXPERIMENT NO XIIICOTTON SEED CRUSHED VS COTTON SEED MEAL AS A FER TILIZER FOR CORN This experiment was designed to compare the effectiveness as a fertilizer of cotton seed and cotton seed meal It is believed by many farmers that the oil of the seed possesses value as a fertilizer and therefore should not be sold to the oil mills For this purpose a quantity of sound cotton seed was crushed simplv to prevent germination An equivalent quantity of cotton seed meal was provided that is just the amount of meal that would have been yielded by the given amount of crushed cotton seed had the latter been separated and the oilePessed To this was added the exact amount of hulls that the given amount of crushed seed would have yielded The aim was to make the cotton seed meal and hulls portion an exact equivalent to the cotton seed crushed portion less the oil only To each lot was added the same quantities of superphosphate and muriate of potash The experiment was correctly conceived but the location was untortunate and the results totally unreliable and insignificant An irregularly shaped portion of the section was remarkably subject to budwormswhich so seriously injured the standasto render the experiment absolutely worthless This short statement is inserted mainly to give the proportionate parts of cotton seed meal and hulls that were found to be the equivalent of a given quantity of cotton seed Any farmer can try the experiment for himself The following is the arrangement of the plots each containing three rows and the formulas used 1 Mot fertilized Superphosphate Muriate of Potash Cotton Seed Meal Cotton Seed Hulls Total Superphosphate Muriate of Potash Green Cotton Seed crushed Total 320 160 360 453 1293 320 160 960 1440 Same as Plot 1 Same as Plot 2 Same as Plot 3 2716 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA It may be more convenient to say that the equivalent of one hundred pounds of whole or crushed cotton seed was found to be as follows f 37 pounds cotton seed meal 100 pounds cotton seedU8 hulls 115 oil CORN AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES Mr Gustave Speth horticulurist of the Station reports the following results of an experiment in distance which he made incidentally in connection with an experiment projected for a different purpose The land was a good choco late clay loam with clay subsoil and made threefourths of a bale of cotton per acre last year with two hundred pounds of ammoniated phosphate to the acre After planting the corn in the principal experiment alluded to a plot of ground was left 104 feet long by 45 feet wide This was laid off in rows five feet wide fertilized in the same manner and planted in the same variety of corn varying the distances between the plants one in each hill as shown in the following table TABLE VIII Distance of Corn ti o s Hills Large oq P 3 It S 0 CO h 0 as o 8 2 a XI S h o E Xt X ti s 3 2 3 0rg S 3 o30 R fci fc M Feet 1 5x2 4368 3304 496 327 o 5x3 2940 2824 308 321 3 5x4 2184 3192 210 366 The results will not be surprising to those farmers who believe in giving plenty of distance to corn It will be noticed that plot 2 planted 5x3 while producing 6 of a bushel less per acre than plot 1 planted 5x2 gave a smaller percentage of large ears and a very much smaller percentage of nubbins while plot 3 increased still more in the proportion of large ears and made 39 bushels more to the acre than plot 1 which had twice the number of stalks and half the distance Of course the result would probably have been different if the seasons had been different It is altogether probable that if there had been more rain in July plot No 2 5x3 would have produced a larger yield than plot 3 5x4 On the contrary had the weather been less favorable than it was it is probable that the yields of both plots 1 and 2 would have been considerably less without seriously affecting the yield of plot 3 The season of 1890 may be considered as about an average one and therefore the results of this experiment may be taken as indicating that a distance of 5x4 or 2184 stalks to the acre is not too great for such land 28A4co SI 8 mo FOR DUE DATE INFORMATION CHECK MY ACCOUNT IN GIL httpsgilugaedu Returned MAY 5 2009 Returned MAY 0 7 2010UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBBAR S 3 HlOfl 031 MDfifi